Geological Formation Names of China (1866-2000)

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HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS

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Shouxin Zhang

Geological Formation Names of China (1866- 2000)

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HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS

~ Springer

Shouxin Zhang

Geological Formation Names of China

(1866 - 2000)

Editor Shouxin Zhang (1927- 2006) htstitute of Geo logy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing I 00086, China

ISBN 978-7-040-25475-4 Higher Education Press, Beijing ISBN 978-3-540-93823-1 e-ISBN 978-3-540-93824-8 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: pending @Higher Education Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 TI1is work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data

banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the Gem1an Copyright Law. 1be use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general usc. Cover design: Frido Steinen-Broo, EStudio Calamar, Spain Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Only sold as two-volume set, not to be sold separately

Preface

My late teacher, Professor Yin Tsan-Hsun (Yin Zanxun), once said, "Everyone desires to be a great pioneer in a new field, or a path breaker in technical innovation. No one wants to bury himself in the laborious work of taking passages from so many books and doing tedious textual research to compile a reference book. But I believe that the compilation of reference books is a job to consume one's time to benefit others. This can smooth the way for others, why not go ahead with it?" (The Random Talking ofthe Past, 1988, China Ocean Press, 119). Each country has developed its own code of stratigraphic nomenclature and produced catalogues of geological names, such as the Stratigraphical Lexicon (see Lexique Stratigraphique International, LSI), to maintain the scientific principle of a "unique" geological name and assume the Law of Priority. However, the lack of a comprehensive Chinese catalogue of geological formation names has led to confusion in the management of Chinese geological nomenclature, to difficulty in judging and preserving the Law of Priority, and hindered standardization and efficient administration.

1. The Development of Chinese Geological Formation Catalogue It has taken a long time for a comprehensive catalogue of Chinese geological forma-

tion nomenclature to be developed, and this period can be divided into four stages. Prior to the 1st National StratigraJ>hical Conference (1959)

Yungshen S. Chi, the late Chinese geologist, completed a 196 page English-language manuscript entitled Chinese Geological Tenninology, Geological Survey of China, Peking, March 1933, which defined 627 geological formation names. References were presented at the beginning of the main body of the manuscript, and authors and the geological formation names they first used were annexed at the end. Formation names and references were collected up to the end of 1932. Though Ullpublished, the manuscript was the first comprehensive compilation of Chinese geological for-

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mation names. J. Roger, a French geologist, subsequently entitled the manuscript Lexique Stratigraphique de Chine in 1963. In 1947, Yin Zanxun invited Sheng Jinzhang to transcribe the 627 geological names in Yungshen S. Chi's manuscript onto portable cards. Sheng Jinzh<mg extracted the following categories from the manuscript: (i) Geographic names spelt in the Wade-Giles system of Chinese Romanization; (ii) Chinese names; (iii) Times; (iv) Standard locations; (v) Authors, dates and works; (vi) Lithology; and (vii) Thickness. Later, Yin Zanxun copied onto cards new geological names he found to supplement the original627 geological terms. By June 1958 he had collected 2600 names, which were copied, printed and bound in a volume by Xu Daoyi, Zhang Shouxin, Yang Xingtai, Xie Cuihua and Shi Shunyao. In early 1959, the Preparatory Committee of the National Stratigraphical Conference decided to produce a comprehensive reference book of Chinese geological formation names for the conference. The task was assigned to the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. After two months of hard work, the fmal version was completed at tile end of September 1959. A total of 2950 geological fonnation names were collected, 2632 of which having full records of sources and definitions which were listed in the main text, with the remaining 318 incomplete records presented as a supplement. This volume was the official conference document - File No. 138 titled "Corpus of Stratigraphical Terminology of China (Draft)'' (ii+ 169) - and was edited by the Stratigraphic.:'ll Department, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and printed by the Preparatory Committee of the National Stratigraphical Conference. The following fascicules ofLexique Straligraphiquelnternaliona/ relating to China were edited by Commission de Stratigraphie, Congres Geologique International: Volume Ill Asie, Fascicule I, Republique Populaire Chinoise [I, fi (1964), lii Complement ( 1971 )], edited by J. Roger (French) Fascicule 2b, Mandchourie-Manchuria ( 1956), edited by Uemura eta/. (English) Fascicule 4, Taiwan (Formose) (1957), edited by T.C. Biq eta/. (English) Many problems exist in the five books mentioned so far: academic mistakes; a non-Wade-Giles system of Chinese Romanization contrary to the international practice; and incorrect spellings. Moreover, Liaoning Province, Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province in northeastern China, and Taiwan Province, were not considered as parts of the People's Republ ic of China, and many vestiges of Japanese cultural aggression remain in tile books. All of ti1ese problems are objectionable to tile Chinese people and will be detailed later. The compilation and publication of the Asian Volume also reminded us of the necessity and urgency of compiling a comprehensive catalogue of Chinese stratigraphical names. The 1st (1959) and 2nd (1979) National Stratigraphical Conferences The coining of Chinese stratigraphical unit names expanded almost daily due to the rapid development of geological research in China. It had been estimated tllat the total was greater than 4000 by tile end of 1964. With increasing numbers of stratigraphical units, there were many problems with standardization. Geological

Preface

vu

names must be coined and used to solve problems, and also be present to geologists with a consistent reference. In February 1963, under the leadership ofYin Zanxtm, researchers at the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences began to compile the Stratigraphical Lexicon of China. It was intended to comprise 14 volumes, which would be completed and published in succession due to the large volume of information. The series comprised: (i) Presinian; (ii) Sinian; (iii) Cambri<m; (iv) Ordovician; (v) Silurian; (vi) Devonian; (vii) Carboniferous; (viii) Permian; (ix) Triassic; (x) Jurassic; (xi) Cretaceous; (xii) Tertiary; (xiii) Quaternary; (xiv) Others and Addenda. We decided to start from the seventh volume, the Carboniferous, and to prepare the second edition after ali 14 volumes were published. We would then incorporate all14 volumes into one book, and produce a completed Chinese Lexicon of Stratigraphy covering all the geological periods represented in China. In February 1966, Ute Chinese Lexicon of Stratigraphy (7)- Carboniferous was published by Science Press (Beijing). However, tlle Cultural Revolution began in stunmer oftlle same year, and the project was aborted. Afterwards, due to tlle influence of tlle Chinese Lexicon of Stratigraphy (7)Carboniferous, geologists from a few Chinese provinces produced several local stratigraphical lexicons. For example, Lexicon ofStratigraphical Names ofthe Western Qinling Mt. (1981, Regional Geology of Gansu, vol.l, serial no.8, in Chinese) witll more U1an 300 names, edited by Zhai Yupei, Cai Tiliang and Wei Dingxin, and consisting of preface, main body and index; Liaoning Lexicon of Stratigraphy ( 1985, Bulletin of the Geological Society of Liaoning Province, no.l, in Chinese) witll921 names, edited by Han Guang and Liu Xiaoliang and consisting of preface, editorial notes, main body, references and Chinese index; and tlle Guizhou Lexicon ofStratigraphy (1996, Guizhou Science and Technology Press, in Chinese), edited by Liu Yuzhou from the Regional Geological Survey of Guizhou Geology and Mineral Resources, and which consists of preface, contents, appendices, index to head words and references. Its body of text was arranged according to geological periods, and included tlle rock type, biology, chronological stratum unit, climate period and physiographic time. Some entries contained sectional drawings and description tables. However, many names in the Urrcc publications were from unpublished material which could not accurately reflect the features of local stratigraphy, causing inconvenience to users.

The 3rd National Stratigraphical Conference (2000) After 1990, two detrimental events occurred in tlle history of Chinese stratigraphy. The first was the advent of the "Principle of Historical Priority". This priority was based on the original use of the stratigraphical name, but not on its publication. The priority was subscribed to the Stratigraphical Lexicon of China, which was organized and executed by tlle National Stratigraphical Commission of China and edited by the Editorial Committee of Stratigraphical Lexicon of China (late chief editor Cheng Yuqi, then the vice director of tlle National Stratigraphical Commission of China). ("In each volume, the selected items of tlle stratigraphicaltmits, their creators and the dates of establishment all follow those used by their original autllors

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Preface

as far as possible. However, for quite a number of items within the stratal units, although the creators are listed, their original works are not accessible, or the original titles only appear in unpublished reports and documents. For such items, therefore, their original creators' articles are not or can not be listed in the 'References' of the volume". Stratigraphical Lexicon ofChina, Preface) The second event was the "Double Standard in Priority of Stratigraphical Nomenclature". Unfornmately, not only did the National Stratigraphical Commission of China not correct the lopsided approach of the "Principle of Historical Priority", it also created the legal conditions for it. To legalize the Priority Principle, the Commission maintained a double standard for priority during the revision of stratigraphical nomenclattlfe, which was evident in the Chinese Stratigraphical Guide (Revised Edition, 2001). In addition, The Lithostratigraphic Dictionmy of China (2000) edited by Gao Zhenjia, Chen Keqiang and Wei Jiayong, all spelt in Pinyin, assembled only 85 percent of all geological unit names, and had the same problem of the "Principle of Historical Priority".

M ter the 3rd National Stratigraphical Conference Due to the inadequacies of the Stratigraphical Lexicon of China and The Lithostratigraphic Dictionary ofChina, and lhe need for Chinese stratum standardiz.ation, we tmdertook the independent compilation of a comprehensive catalogue of Chinese geological formation nomenclature. In 1997, I began to write the Geological Tenninology of China (1866- 1965), and its Chinese edition was published by Science Press (Beijing) in 200 I. With the financial support of the State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), I finished Geological Tenninology of China (19662000) (tmpublished). To produce a comprehensive reference book, I have combined the two into one and entitled it Geological Formation Names ofChina (1866- 2000). Geological Formation Names of China (1866- 2000) is an up-to-date data-base of Chinese geological formation names. Chinese lexicons of the fonnation names used in the geologicalliteratme and on geological maps have been included. Fmthermore, it is an import<mt tool for critical revision of Chinese lithostratigraphy.

2. Several Important Concerns of the Book Problems in Romani1.ation of Geographical Components of Chinese Geological Formation Names Thomas Francis Wade ( 18 18-1895) was a British diplomat and Sinologist who formulated the Wade-Giles Spelling System. In 1842, Wade came to China with the British army and stayed for more than 40 years. In 1854, he was appointed customs commissioner in Shanghai. He returned to England in 1883. During his time in China, he wrote lhe Chinese textbook Colloquial Chinese - A Progressive Course. Wade attempted to capture the characteristics of the Chinese language by using Latin letters to spell Chinese characters, i.e. the Wade-Giles Spelling System of

Preface

lX

Chinese Romanization. The system had been for a long time the most popular form of Chinese Romanization in the West, as well as in China, even after the official introduction of Pinyin in 1958 and its adoption in 1979. The late Premier Zhou Enlai proposed in January 1958 that the Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet should be used to transliterate Chinese personal and geographic names in external documents, books and newspapers. The scheme began to be used in all fields after the approval of the National People's Congress (NPC) in February of that year. In this book, we in general use Pinyin to spell Chinese personal and geographic names. However, as a technical reference book written in English for introducing Chinese geological formation names, we should state some additional editorial principles to assist readers to be familiar with U1e oldstyle spelling in consulting the literanrre: (i) We have not changed the headwords first published in tl1e Wade-Giles Spelling System, to minimize the mrrnber of Romanized Chinese fonnation names. For example, Tsang Shan Group (ft WW!\) is not changed to Cangshan Group; fue personal name Hsieh C Y (1Af*5R) is not changed to Xie Jiarong. (ii) We adopt Pinyin for headwords not used in the WadeGiles Spelling System, or for those wifuout Romanized names when first published. For example, y)i!~ i3 is translated into Ceyu Formation; the personal name llm* %it is translated into Lu Zongbin. (iii) We usc Pinyin to transliterate the geographic names in Uygur, Mongolian and Tibetan languages. For example, ~til is vlritten as Qamdo, not Changdu; -*~ *mas Gohnud City, not Ge'ermu City. (iv) We adopt local spellings in English newspapers and periodicals for geographic names in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) and Taiwan Province. For example, we usc Hong Kong instead ofXianggang; ~ 5(. in Taiwan Province is spclt as Chiayi, not Jiayi. (v) We keep a few common spellings for Chinese geographic names used in overseas books, newspapers and periodicals to make it easy for foreigners to read. For example, 5*~ l:l is equivalent to Kalgan Fonnation, not Zhangjiakou Fonnation. (vi) To distinguish between Lii and Lu, and so on, ii used in Pinyin is not adopted in fuis book because it does not exist in fue English language. For example, ~ 1113 is written as Lveyang, not Liieyang or Lueyang, § t-Hil is written as Lvcun Fonnation, not Liicun Fonnation or Lucun Fonnation.

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Some Political Concerns of the Book Due to fue long time frame over which Chinese geological nomenclature has been coined, some regions have quite different political backgrounds. For example, Taiwan became a Japanese colony after fue Sino-Japanese war of 1894-1895, and was retaken by China in 1945. Three provinces in Northeastern China were invaded and occupied by the Japanese in 1931, and were also retaken in 1945. Hong Kong was invaded and occupied by fue British in 1841 and became a UK colony. It was not until 1997 U1at China reassumed sovereignty over Hong Kong. Therefore, some references in this book include Manchukuo CfhiWWH Iii), Manchllfia (tJi,til;Hi), Kuantung Province, South Manchuria (ii m.**~'), Ryojun (~JIW!), Formosa (i:l'~). Colonial Government cm~ :llf2iC)(}ff (W~)), and so on. To show our respect to fue original work of past geologists, and not to increase fue number of Chinese fonnation names, I kept the original references unchanged and stated specific geographic

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Preface

names which belong to the People's Republic of China. Why Compile and PubUsh a Com1uebensive Reference Book of Chinese Geological Formation Names in English? One of the purposes of this book is to provide a comprehensive reference on Chinese geological formation names for those international geologists who have visited China, and for those who have not visited but wish to familiarize themselves with Chinese nomenclature. Another purpose is to declare that Chinese geologists have different views to those of A. Salvador, the former Chairman ofiSSC, who stated (1994, ISG, 3. B. 3, I 9-20): "The name of a new stratigraphic unit should be unique. Therefore, before auempting to establish a new formal stratigraphic unit, the authors should refer to national, state, or provincial records of stratigraphic names to determine whether a name has been used previously. The many volumes of the lUGS LSI and other appropriate national or regional lexicons constitute valuable reference sources for most countries." Chinese geologists reject the value of the reference sources of the three fascicules in LSI (Volume III, Asie) edited and issued by the Sous-Commission du Lexique of CGI, Commission de Stratigraphie, for the following reasons: (1) Mr. Dubertret, Chief Editor of LSI (Volume III, Asie), did not put two fascicules (Manchuria Fasc. published in 1956 and Taiwan Fasc. published in 1957) into the first fascicule of the People's Republic of China, but kept them as two different fascicules. This practice shows that Manchuria and Taiwan belong to Asia, not parts of the People's Republic of China, which interferes with Chinese sovereignty. (2) It does not abide by the practices and regulations that "Spellings of a geographic name (or component of the name of a stratigraphic unit) should generally conform to the usage of the country that contains the geographic locality from which the name has been taken" on spelling of geographic names, in the first fascicule (1964, 1971) of LSI (Volume III, Asie). Ahnost all the entries in it have been changed to the French spellings. For example, Ashan (flilJLIJ) is changed to Acan; Aghchomaq (lfiiJ:f,UpIb%) to Akhotsemak; Kuhsiangum (Jiiffi-3/ II:!.) to Housiandatm; Choukoutien Formation (fiiJ D fJim ) to Tchjooukooutien Formation. These changes are tmacceptable, especially since they are contrary to common Chinese spellings. Chinese geologists do not recognize them. (3) It does not abide by the practices and regulations that "The geographic component of a name should not be altered by translation into another language" on spelling of geographic names, in LSI Fascicule 2b. There are 214 entries in the LSI Manchuria Fasc., in which 80 geographic names have two kinds ofRomanized modes (in common Chinese style and Japanese style, there are in total I 60). Among the 80 geographic names with double Romanized spelling, 24 entries are in Japanese pronunciation and spelling, while the remaining 56 are listed as reference entries in the Japanese style. For example, according to Japanese pronunciation, Gongyuan (I.~) in Liaoning Province, China, is translated into Miyanohar; Kuhsiangtun (J®l 31 <~:!.) in Heilongjiang Province, China, into Kokyoton. In addition, four entries with obvious cultural aggression are Atung (or Atong) Series, Misaki Formation, Toyama Series and Onoda Stage, which were named after Japanese and Russian

Preface

XI

names in memory of the officers and men killed in their aggressive wars in China. Furthermore, two entries, Daizan Formation and Honkoi.ki Beds, are pronounced and spelt in Japanese, without reference. All the above-mentioned are vestiges of Japanese cultural aggression, which will not be allowed to exist in the modem record of Chinese stratigraphic names. (4) There are 368 entries in the Taiwan Fasc., with three kinds of errors: (i) There are 30 entries v.ri.th infonnal stratigraphical names, and seven entries give two spellings with the same description, forming 14 independent entries; (ii) There are 152 entries using Japanese pronunciation and spelling; (iii) There are three entries with incorrect spellings, which are the Kurin Formation (il3*'f\~Ji), Ni.ki Formation (= f~m_), Goki Formation (Jii~l~Ji). The Japanese invaders abolished Chinese language, customs and culture to completely dominate Taiwan in the period of aggression. After the July 7 Incident of 1937, Japanese colonialists launched a movement to make the people of Taiwan subjects of the Japanese emperor. In 1942, K. Ishizake, a Japanese geologist, edited "An Index to Formosan Stratigraphy" (Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Fonnosa, 32(220-226)), in which all of Taiwan's geographic names in Wikipedia are changed into Romanized Japanese pronunciation and spelling. In the Taiwan Fasc., more than half of Chinese place names are kept in Romanized Japanese pronunciation and spelling, for example, Arisan Beds (JlilJ.9[LlJm) in Letter A; Beiron Conglomerate Formation (*i~Hi.'f-:!5-m.), and Byoritsu Beds (18~ in Letter B. There are other samples. Erchiu (=I~) is translated into "Niki'' (in Japanese pronunciation and spelling); Wuchiu Oil~) into "Goki"; Liukuei (/\ ~) into "Rokki", and so on. Such vestiges of cultural aggression must be eliminated from the record of Chinese geological names. (5) There are no explanations (including authors, dates of publication and references) of sources for many Chinese geological names in the five books of the LSI (Volume Ill, Asie), which is distinctly unscientific. For example, in t11e Hsihsia Limestone, it is not indicated who, when and in which reference first used the geological name, nor the source of the name. The LSI presents distributions and features of the Hsihsia Limestone in ten provinces covering Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujia.tl, Jia.t1gxi and Hunan, in south of China, but does not indicate t11e type locality of the Hsihsia Limestone - Hsihsia Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. (6) There are some errors in explanatory information for the name sources in three fascicules (in 5 books) of the LSI (Volume TTl, Asie). These six arguments are t11e fundamental reasons why 01inese geologists hold a negative attimde towards the LSI. The third purpose is to match the considerable growth of Chinese formation names in the last 50 years. According to my own survey of various Chinese publications, the number of formation names has nearly doubled from 1956 to 2000. The causes underlying tllis are varied. Witl10ut a doubt, tlle main reasons for tlle increase are the growth oflithostratigraphic knowledge of China, along with tlle introduction of many new names in the Geological Map of China (scale I :200 000). Different schools of thought have also played an important role, due to different names being given to a single rock stranun.

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Preface

Last but not least, the catalogue is compiled to address the "Principle of Historical Priority" and "Double Standard in Priority of Stratigraphical Nomenclature" adopted by the National Stratigraphical Commission, and minimize the negative impacts brought by lhe LSI (Volume ITI, Asie) . Shouxin Zhang (1927- 2006) Beijing May 2006

Acknowledgments

Initiative and innovation are not only essential to drive China's economic development, but also are the main factors in promoting China's overall competitiveness. The catalogue of Chinese geological formation names, edited by Chinese geologists for an international academic audience, will play an important role in the development of geology and stratigraphy in China, and will promote innovative research in related fields. Thus I suggested to Dr. Ding Zhongli, the Director of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Notes on the Use of the Catalogue

1. The geological formation names of China and references in this catalogue are cited from literatures up to 2000. Most names are drawn from stratigraphic unit names given after the Chinese geographic names, which appeared in the books and periodicals that published in China or overseas from 1866 to 2000, and I keep a very limited amount of stratigraphic unit names given after the non-geographic names. 2. All entries in the catalogue are arranged in English alphabetical order. 3. The catalogue stresses that the name of a new stratigraphic unit should be tmique. 4. The catalogue stresses that the proposal of the name of a new stratigraphic tmit should base on the published material in recognized scientific medium. 5. The catalogue stresses that the derivation of the geographic component of the name should be explained. 6. The catalogue stresses that the priority in publication of a properly proposed, named and defined unit should be respected. 7. The catalogue stresses that the spelling of geographic component of the name of a stratigraphical unit should conform to the usage of the country that contains the geographic locality from which the name has been taken. 8. The catalogue stresses that the geographic component of a name should not be altered by translation into another language. 9. The catalogue stresses that stratigraphic units should not be limited by international frontiers and efforts should be made to use only a single name for each unit regardless of political boundaries. 10. A Chinese equivalent of the geological name is given in brackets after the Romani zed name for those who are not familiar with the Chinese language to check against the corresponding Chinese name. While at the end of the book, Chinese Index of Geological Formation Names (arranged in Pinyin) is given for those who are familiar with the Chinese language to check against the corresponding Romanized name. 11. The quotation marks " " in the headwords indicate that the geographic names remain uncertain.

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Notes on the Use of the Catalogue

12. LSI= Lexique Stratigraphique International. LSC =Lexicon ofStratigraphy of China. 13. An entry of the geological formation name consists of two parts, headword and explanation. i. Headword The headword is given in the Romanized form with Chinese characters in brackets. The place name (geographical proper name) in the entry is given in Wikipedia Phonetic Alphabet of place name, Chinese character and standard Chinese pronunciation, Pinyin, or Pinyin transliteration of pronunciation of ethnic minorities languages (confined only to the Directory of Chinese Place Names). The unit terminology in the entry is the English equivalent of Chinese term in order to make easy international exchanges, for example, Hsihsia Limestone (Wirl::Q"1k!iS) ii. Explanation An entry is explained in 6 items labeled CD,®,®,@, @ and @. Each item with its corresponding number is described separately as follows. Item I---CD Gives other Romanized forms of the geographic name-Japanese and French spellings used in LSI, which are contrary to the international code of stratigraphical nomenclature, for example, CD Hsibsia Kalkstein, Chihsia Limestone (Grabau A W, 1923-1924), Chihsia Formation (Lee J S, 1930) Item 2--® Shows the author, publishing year, and sources that conform to the publishing year of the name, for example, ® The term was introduced by Richthofen F von (1912, China, bd.III, 727, fig. 99), who vaguely applied it to a thick sequence oflimestone (Frech F, 1911, in Richthofen's China, bd.V, 61, first appeared in a manuscript by Richthofen F von) Item 3 - ® Tells the origin of the geographic name, for example, ® Hsihsia Limestone was found in a small hill, Qixiashan (Hsi-bsia-sban, or Single Tree Hill), some 20 km east ofNanjing City, Jiangsu Province Item 4 - @Explains the stratigraphical features and meanings of key rocks, for example, @ Lee J S, Chu S (1930, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.9, 37-43) applied the term Chihsia Fonnation to include three limestones, named Huanglung Limestone, Chuanshan Limestone and Chingltmg Limestone. Afterwards, Lee J S (1931, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.I 0, 273-290) abandoned his former usage of the term and definitely redefined it as a formation beginning from his " lower lydite" and ending at his "upper lydite". The vague original name defined a series of limestone between two sets of clastic rocks (lower Wuttmg Quartzite or present Lungtan Formation), for dark gray thick chert limestone, with irregular chert bodies (after Richthofen F von's "profil durch den Hsi-hsia-sban and the Wu-kung-shan", 727, fig.99). It seems to correspond to the sum of the present Hochow Limestone, Laohudong Dolomite, Hunglung Limestone,

Notes on the Use of the Catalogue

xvu

Chuanshan Limestone, Zhenjiang Limestone and the part of overlaid "lower lydite to upper lydite" (i.e. Lee J S's Chihsia Limestone, 1931). Item 5 -@Explains the geological age, for example, @ Early Carboniferous-Early Permian. Item 6 - @ Explains other names (synonym) of the entry or another thing with the same name (homonym), and other existing problems and status, for example, @ Roger J, the President of the Sub-commission on the Lexique (1964, LSI, vol.Ill, Asie, fasc.l, Republique Populaire Chinoise, I, 278-284) did not know the story of who, when, where and in which reference the Hsihsia Limestone was published and come to be what it was today. He explained the distribution and the characters of the Hsihsia Limestone in ten provinces covering Ytmnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Ji angxi and Hunan in south of China, hardly ever did he think of those of the naming locality Hsihsiashan some 20 km east ofNanjing City, Jiangsu Province. Lee J S (1931, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.IO, 273-290) ab<mdoned his former usage of the term and redefined it as a limestone beginning from his "lower lydite" and ending at his ''upper lydite" in Chuanshan Section. This Chihsia Fonnation (Lee J S, 1931) can not be correlated with the Hsihsia Kalkstein (Richthofen F von, 1912) in Qixiashan Section. Lee J S's Chihsia Limestone in Chuanshan Section is not the Hsiahsia Kalkstein but a "teratoma" of it. It is homonymous with the Hsihsia Kalkstein. Homonym: Qixia Basalt. The above-mentioned six descriptions and their related six label nmnbers are fixed. That is, the label munber will be listed only if the description exists, otherwise it will not appear.

Contents

A .. .. . ......................... . .. . ... . .. .. .. ..... . ...... . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. 1

B ... .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . ... . .. . ... . ................ . ......... . ..... . ... . .. . 28 C ...................................................................... 9 1 D . . .. .. .. .. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .................... . ............... . .. . .. . 173 E . ... . .. . .. . ... . .. . .............................. . .................... 267 F .. ................................................................ . . . G ....... . ......... . ...... . .. . ........................................ H .. .. ................................. . ... . .. .. . .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. . .. .. I . ...... . .. . ... . .. .. . ... ............................. . .. .. .. ..... . ..... J . ................. . ......... . ......... . .. . ...... . .. . ... . .. . .. . ....... K ....... ....... ............. ......................................... L . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 ....... . ......... . ......... . . . ......... . ............................ p ............ . ...... . ... . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ...... . ..................

Q ... .... ... ... .. .. ... .... ... ..... ....................................

279 305 358 487 490 541 595 7 11 782 827 831 871

R .......... ............................. . ..... .. ...................... 9 10

s ....... ....... .... .... ... .... ................... .... .... ... ... .... ... T ................... . .. . ... . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . ...... . ..........

u....... ... .... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... .... ...........................

w ...................................................................

922 1054 1155 11 57

X . .. . .......... . .......... . .. ... .. .. ... .. . .. ... . . .. ..... .. . .. .. .. . .. .

1209 y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1284 Z .......................... . ......... . ...... . .. . ..................... 1374

Chinese Index of Geological Formation Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1425

A Aba Formation () Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript “The stratigraphic summary of Sichuan” by Integrative Research Team of Sichuan Bureau of Geology Aba Zang Autonomous Prefecture, west Sichuan Province Consists mainly of alternating beds of greyish black and grayish green slate, with interbeds of greyish mud-bearing slate, silty slate and thin-bedded marls Early Triassic. Abag Formation () Abag Basalt Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Abag Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Consists mostly of greyish white sandstone and an alternation of dark grey basalt and marls Pleistocene. Abongshan Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team (Wu Ruizhong et al.), 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaize Sheet The hill of Abongshan, 90 km northeast of Shuanghu lake area, north Tibet Autonomous Region Consists mostly of red sandstone, conglomerate, and interbeds of marls Late Cretaceous. Abor Formation () Originally Abor Volcanics Brown J Coggin, 1912, A geological reconnaissance through the Dihong valley, being the geological results of the Abor Expedition, 1911–1912. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol.42, 231-253, pl.1 Abor in Siang district, eastern Tibet Autonomous Region Consists of basalt, volcano-clastic breccia and rhyotaxitic dacite etc. It is subdivided into Luotong Member (lower) and Jiku Member (upper)  Sinian-Cambrian. Abuqiehai Formation () Abuqiehai Series Guan Shicong, Che Shuzheng, 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica, 35(2)  Abuqiehai valley located south of Gangde’er hill, in Zhuozishan Mountain area, Otog Banner, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mainly composed of thin-bedded bamboo-leaf-like limestone, oolitic limestone, and an alternation of thick kidney limestone and shale, in lower part also with interbed of quartzose sandstone Cambrian Synonym of Hulusitai Formation. Adula Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Adula, Tibet Autonomous Region Greyish

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

black thin-bedded sandstone, mudstone, and intercalating beds of coal seams Late Triassic. A’erbasayi Formation () No.10 Element of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shichang Sheet A’erbasayi in Baiyanggou area of southern Shawan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Volcano-clastic rock with interbeds of purple conglomerate, felsitic porphyry, quartz porphyry, tuffite and andesite intercalated with rhyolitic porphyry Early Permian. A’ergong Formation () Yang Jianguo et al., The Underground Cretaceous Sequence in Halar Basin, in Editoral Committee of the Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, 2000, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 275-279 A’ergong located southwest of Shashanzi farm in the west of Cuogang Town, Hulun Buir League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region  Cretaceous. A’ermantie Formation () No.2 Element of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: The Mount Aoshike Sheet A’ermantie located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Middle Devonian. A’ershan Formation () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Ge-

ology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Heilongjiang Hydrological Geology Team A’ershan in Xinba’erhuzuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Grayish white and yellow muddy gravel, sand and clay, containing big gravel Pleistocene Homonym of A’ershan Formation (1). A’ertashi Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Wei Jingming The village of A’ertashi in Shache County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region The basal formation of Kashih Formation, gray sandy shale and marls Paleocene. A’ertaxi Formation () No.2 Geology Team of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, The Explanatory Text of 1:500 000 scale Geological Map: west part of southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Sheet A’ertaxi located close to Tiekelike

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in Tarim Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A formation of Tamu Group, for limestone, sandstone and shale Early Devonian. A’ertenghala Formation () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Ge-

ology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, ix+666. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by No.103 Inner Mongolia Geology Team A’ertenghala in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region The upper formation in Alxa Group locally Palaeoproterozoic. A’ertushileike Formation () Hu Bing, 1960, A Brief Introduction of Carboniferous and Permian Stratigraphy

in North Slope of the Kunlun Mountain, in Ustrisky B et al., 1960, The Carboniferous and Permian Stratigraphy and Fauna in Western Kunlun Mountain [Memoirs of the Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology of the People’s Republic of China, ser.B, 5(1): 7-13] A’ertushileike village in southwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Limestone with interbeds of shale in the upper part Early Permian. Agan Clay ()

Li Bingyuan, 1983, Quaternary Geology of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Agan located south of Tibet Autonomous Region For a sequence of alternating beds of red clay and calcareous breccia Pleistocene.

Aghchomaq Limestone () Geographic name Aghchomaq was Romanized as Akhotsemak by the French (LSI) Huang T K et al., 1947, Report on Geological Investigation of Some Oilfields in Sinkiang, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (21): 118 Aghchomaq located 60 km north of the Kuqa County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Gray massive reef limestones, light silicification  Carboniferous.

Agulugou Formation () Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Re-

gional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Agulugou located in Agulu valley close to Zha’ertai, Wulateqian Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Dark carboniferous slate and muddy crystalline limestone Jurassic.

Ah Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Ah in Kuqa County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Grayish green conglomeratic sandstone Middle Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Ahangtihe Formation () Zhang Wencai, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tahe Sheet Ahangtihe River in Heilongjiang Province Triassic to Early Jurassic. Ahati Group () Ahati Series; ever used Hati Group Qinghai Petroleum Geological Survey Team, 1963, The Outline of Stratigraphy of Qilian Mountains, Altun Mountain and Kunlun Mountain, in National Stratigraphic Commission, 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of the National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Ahati, Qinghai Province Devonian Ahati Group ever misunderstood as Hati Group by “The Lithostratigraphic Dictionary of China (2000)”. Aibaona Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral

Resources, 1995, Exploratory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dingqing Sheet and Luolong-hsien Sheet An aboriginal village of Aibaona in Nangqian County, Qinghai Province The term Aibaona Formation was used to represented the lowest formation of the Kagong Group, and composed mainly of slate and intercalated with crystalline limestone Early Carboniferous. Aibugaihe Formation () Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team Aibugaihe River in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Silurian to Ordovician. Aichuan Formation () Aichuan Series ( Aichuan ever pronounced as Aigowa or Agowa by the Japanese) Matsushita S, 1930, Geology of the Chinchou District in the Kuantung Province, South Manchuria, Report on Ryojun College of Engineering, 1(1): 7-26 The village of Aichuan in Daweijia, Jinxian County, Liaoning Province Black massive limestone Middle Ordovician.

Ai’erken Formation () No.10 Element of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Bai Guangqun et al.), 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shichang Sheet Ai’erken alley in Shawan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed of gray, grayish green, grayish black calcareous mud, siliceous siltstone, limestone, and basalt, occasionally phyllite Late Devonian. Aigeliumu Formation () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Cai Tuci, chief editor), 1999, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (65), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China

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University of Geosciences Press, 289. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by No.13 Xinfiang Geology Team Aigeliumu river, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Locally a coal measure belongs to Yarkend Group Early-Middle Jurassic. Aihui Formation () Cui Ge, 1983, Collection of Plate Tectonic of Northern China, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.2 Element, No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Aihui County in Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of black shales and siltstones Late Ordovician.

Aiketike Group () Zhang Chengjing, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: South Slope of Mount Kuokeshale Sheet Aiketike village in Mandantawu Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous Synonym of Ayilihe

Formation.

Ailaoshan Group () No.2 Regional Geological Survey Team, Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral

Resources, 1970, Explanatory Text of 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gejiu Sheet

The famous mountain Ailaoshan in Gejiu County, Yunnan Province A sequence

of strongly mixed metamorphic rocks which had been subdivided unsuitably into four formations: Xiaoyangjie Formation, Along Formation, Fenggang Formation and Wudukeng Formation Palaeoproterozoic.

Ailiaochiao Formation ( ) Ho C S, 1956, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (8) The village of Ailiaochiao in Nanhua, Tainan County, Taiwan Province Lower part: gray thick-bedded sand-

stone with shale interbeds; Middle part: thin-bedded alternation of finely laminated shales and siltstones with thick sandstone interbeds; Upper part: dark massive shale sequence Miocene.

Ailikehu Formation () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Cai Tuci, chief editor),

1999, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (65), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 133, 380. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Hou Sichang Ailikehu Lake close to Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Red conglomerate and sandy mud bearing calcareous nodule layers Late Cretaceous Synonym of Donggou Formation. Aipoli Formation () Originally Aipoli Coal Measure Guo Bokang, Zhang Youming, 1959, Acta Geologica Sinica, 39(1): 85-93 The village of Aipoli in Anyuan, Pingxiang County, Jiangxi Province Coal measure Early Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Aiqiling Formation ( ) Tang Xiaoshan, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Chuncheng, 1994, Regional Geology of China, no.4 (serial no.51), 303-310 Aiqiling, Zixing County, Hunan Province Grayish green quartzitic sandstone, slate, and silicic rock Sinian. Airgin Sum Formation () Airgin Sum Group No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Airgin Sum, Siziwan Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Quartz-schist intercalated with marble, meta-crystalline tuffite intercalated with schist and slate Sinian. Aiwei’ergou Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House The valley of Aiwei’ergou in the east of Tuokexun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed of Kalazha Formation, Qigu Formation and Tuntouhe Formation Mid-Late Jurassic. Aizishan Shale () Huang T K, Yao H H, 1940, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 20(3-4): 242-244 Aizishan Hill in Weiyuan County, Sichuan Province Shales Triassic to Jurassic

Akanchen Group () Akanchen Series, geographic name Akanchen was Romanized as Agantchjen by the French (LSI) Yuan P L, 1925, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(1): 21-28 Akanchen (Aganzhen) located 20 km south of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province Composed mostly of white, green and red sandstone about 2 000 meters thick, and intercalated with limestone Jurassic. Akazi Volcanics () Akazi Metamorphic Volcanics Deng Wanming, 2000, in The Integrated Sci-

entific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000, Geological Evolution of the Karakorum-Kunlun Mountains, Beijing: Science Press, 259-323 Akazi in Kazidaban, Xinjiang-Tibet Highway, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Spilite keratophyre chlorite schist Mesoproterozoic. Akbulak Formation () Akbulak Series Norin E, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, Art. vol.17 Akbulak located close to Qi’ergusitao, 50 km south of Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region One of formations in Chirrgosstau Group, a sequence of black, dark gray, and green quartzitic hornfels, volcanics, slate, graywacke Early Carboniferous. Akbulung Diamictite (()) Ahebulong Moraine Chen Huahui (chief editor), 1994, Explanation of 1:1 500 000 Scale Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Re-

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gion, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-132 The name is derived from the Akbulung in the famous Mountain Tianshan Muddy gravel Early Pleistocene. Ake Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jinghong Sheet Ake in Lancang County, Yunnan Province Quartz-schist chlorite schist intercalated with silicic rock Neoproterozoic. Ake’ertakedaban Formation () Zhang Yuqian, Zhao Mingyu, Jiao Shengrui, 1977, Xinjiang Geology (Stratigraphic Issue), (1): 110-129 Ake’ertakedaban located south of Yesanggang, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Permian.

Akekule Diamictite () Akekule Moraine Chen Huahui (chief editor), 1994, Explanation of 1:1 500 000 Scale Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Ding Tianfu The lake of Akekulehu in Altay Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Diamictite Pleistocene Homonym of Akekule Formation. Akekule Formation () Dong Yanru, 1990, The Triassic System in the Aman Depression in northeastern Tarim Basin, in Collection of Petroleum Geology of Tarim Basin, Published by Northwest Bureau of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 190-204; Akekule in northeastern Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dark gray mudstone, alternation of grayish white sandstone and sandy gravel rock, the mid one of formations in Manjia’er Group Mid Triassic Homonym: Akekule Diamictite. Akeritakedaban Formation () Zhang Yuqian, Zhao Mingyu, Jiao Shengrui, 1977, Xinjiang Geology (Stratigraphic Issue), (1): 110-129 Akeritakedaban in middle reaches of the Kalamilan River, Muzitage District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Calcareous sandstone intercalated with alternation of sandstone and limestone Early Permian. Akesayihu Formation () Liu Shikun, Zhang Jiandong, Chen Tingen, 1986, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 25(5): 491-506. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript “Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet ”by Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team Lake of Akesayihu on hill of Luokezong, close to Mountain Pass of Karakunlun, Tibet Autonomous Region Purple calcareous siltstone and calcareous mud  Early Ordovician Akesayihu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit without lithostratigraphic meaning; Synonym of Dongguashan Group. Akeshake Formation () No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhaosu Sheet The valley or hill of Akeshake

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

located 15 km north of Zhaosu-hsien, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dark gray, gray bioclast limestone, sandy shale, calcareous sandstone, conglomerate Early to Late Carboniferous. Aketashi Formation (1) ( 1) No.1 Element of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Zhou Zhongxi),

1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinyuan Sheet

Aketashi, Xinyuan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region  Muddy coarse

sandstone, conglomerate intercalated with limestone, bearing marbleized limestone and phyllite Mid Devonian Homonym: Aketashi Formation (2).

Aketashi Formation (2) ( 2) Hou Hongfei, Xiang Liwen, Lai Caigen, Lin Baoyu, 1979, Journal of Stratigraphy, 3(3) Aketashi in Huocheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Ordovician Homonym of Aketashi Formation (1).

Aketashi Group () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology

of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 244 Aketashi River in Karakunlun Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Red conglomerate, calcareous sandstone, nodular limestone, sandstone, shale and Breccia Paleogene Homonym of Aketashi Formation (1). Aketubieke Formation ()

No.5 Element of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map:Gongliu Sheet Aketubieke, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Permian.

Akeyazi Formation () Tan Hongbing, 1978, Regional Geological Survey of Xinjiang, (3) Akeyazi, Zhaosu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Limestone and slate Late

Silurian.

Akqat Formation (()) Wang Jingbin, Cheng Shoude, 1985, in Institute of Geological Sciences, Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Regional Geological Survey Team, Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1985, Stratigraphy and Trilobite Faunas of the Cambrian in the Western Part of Northern Tianshan, Xinjiang [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (2) Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, ix+242 The name is derived from the hill of Akqat close to Guozigou in western part of northern Tianshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region The

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term Akqat Formation was used to represent a series of gray, grayish black calcarenaceous and silty mudstone, siliceous mud and intercalation with thin-bedded limestone Middle Cambrian. Aksu Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Zhang Tairong et al. Aksu, Wushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Grayish green, dark green, yellowish green quartzose schist and chlorite schist Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic.

Aksugol Formation () Zhang Yuqian, Zhao Mingyu, Jiao Shengrui, 1977, Xinjiang Geology (Stratigraphic Issue), (1): 110-129 Aksu River, Wushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous Synonym of Halamilanhe Group.

Alabiyebastaw Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Ding Zhan, Ge Qi, et al.), 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kamusite Sheet Alabiyebastaw, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Volcanic clastic rocks Late Devonian.

Aladeyikesai Formation (  ) Jin Yugan et al., 1989, in The Division of Geosciences of Chinese Academy of

Sciences and Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Management, 1989, The Formation and Evolution of Junggar Basin and the Formation of Oil and Gas, Beijing: Science Press Aladeyikesai Valley in Hala’alate Hill, Bukesai’er County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Red, black, gray and grayish green sandstone, shale, sandy mud and mud, intercalated with andesite, basalt and lenticulated limestone Late Carboniferous. Ala’er Formation () Shen Zhenshu, Cheng Guo, Le Changshuo, Liu Shucui, 1993, The Stratigraphic

Classification and Sedimentary Environment of Salt Bearing Stratigraphy in Qaidam Basin, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Ala’er located east of the lake of Gasikule in Mangya, Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province Alternation of yellow, yellowish green sands and gravel Early of Pleistocene. Alai Formation ()

Chen Tingen, 1984, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet

Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Alai (i.e. Yali), Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Gray limestone intercalated with thin-bedded sandstone Ordovician.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Alaiyi Formation ( ) Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China: Beijing, Science Press, 10 Alaiyi in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Red sandstone, mud and limestone  Paleocene-Eocene.

Alamas Group () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32] Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 26 Alamas in north of the main peak of Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Conglomerate, carbonite facies rocks, crystalline schist and quartzite Mesoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Alang Formation ()

Liu Xiang, 1978, The Devonian of Guizhou, in Institute of Geology and Mineral

Resources, Chinese Academy of Geology ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 128-150 Alang close to Guanziyao, Guizhou Province Marls Mid Devonian.

Alatage Formation () No.4 Element of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yiwu Sheet Alatage located east of Kalakezile Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region  Grayish green siltstone, sandstone, limestone, marble and volcanics Mid Devonian.

Alatagh Formation () Alatagh Series (=Alatake Series) Norin E, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, 185-196 Alatagh in eastern slope of Kalakezile Mountain, south of Kumishi, Tuokexun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Grayish black limestone, marble intercalated with quartz-schist, sandstone and conglomerate Mid Devonian.

Alatan’aobao Group ( ) Huo Fucheng, Cao Jingxuan, Dong Yansheng, Gu Qichang, Yan Zhiqiang, 1987, Journal of Changchun College of Geology, 17 (1) Alatan’aobao located north of Alxa, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Palaeoproterozoic.

Alatanheli Group ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Alatanheli, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Grayish white, gray sandstone, pebble sandstone intercalated with conglomerate Early-Mid Jurassic.

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Alatubiekuduke Formation () No.3 Element of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wusu Sheet Alatubiekuduke, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous Synonym of Heishantou For-

mation.

Alayi Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.3 Yunnan Geology Team Alayi in the north of central Yunnan The top formation of Julin Group (originally Yuanmo Group), schist, marble and volcanic breccia Palaeoproterozoic. Alengchu Formation ( ) Duan Yanxue, Li Dingrong, Leng Chonglin, 1974, Information of Science and Technology of Yunnan, (2): 7-16 Alengchu village in Jinshajiang valley, 60 km northeast of Lijiang County, Yunnan Province Dark gray thin-bedded limestone intercalated with shales Early Devonian.

Aletai Formation ( ) See Altay Formation. Alinhe Formation ( ) Alinhe Group Chen Zhiming, Jiang Chunchao, 1963, The Paleozoic of Northwestern Xiaoxing’anling, in Integrative Expedition of Geology of Heilongjiang Basin and Its Adjacent Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1963, Geology of Heilongjiang Basin and Its Adjacent Region, vol.1, 122-132. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhu Ciying Alinhe River in northwest of Xiaoxing’an Mountain, Heilongjiang Province Conglomerate intercalated with tuffite, shale and slate Early Permian.

Alishan Formation () Alishan Beds (=Arisan Beds, Alishan was pronounced as Arishan by the Japanese) Oinouye Y et al., 1928, Preliminary Report on the Oil Fields of Taiwan (in Japanese), Japanese Navy The famous mountain Alishan, 185 km northeast of Chiayi County, Taiwan Province Dark gray shale and gray sandstone with intercalation of thin black slaty shale Miocene.

Aliwusu Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Aliwusu, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Eocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Altay Formation ( ) A’ertaizhen Formation, Aletai Formation Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey

Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yili District Sheet. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by No.13 Geology Team, Ministry of Geology The famous mountain Altay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dark gray sandstone, siltstone, mud intercalated with limestone lenticles, bearing volcanic ash tuff Mid Devonian Synonym of Burqin Formation. Altay Zhen Formation ( ) See Altay Formation. Altun Group () Xingjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, xi+841 Mount Altun, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A sequence of metamorphic rocks belong to amphibolite facies Palaeoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Altungol Formation () Geographic name Altungol was Romanized as Aloutoungol by the French (LSI) Norin E, 1937, Geology of Western Quruq Tagh, Eastern Tien-shan. Reports from

the Scientific Expedition to the Northwestern Provinces of China under Leadership of Dr. Sven Hedin—the Sino-Swedish Expedition—III. Geology, no.1 Altungo valley in the southwest of Kalatiekenwula Mountain, Kuruktag, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Extrusive rocks Sinian (Ediacaran).

Alugong Formation ( ) Li Wenguo et al., 1983, Regional Geology of China, (4): 52-62 Alugong, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Devonian Alugong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit without lithostratigraphic meaning. Alxa Group () Alxa Series (=Elashan Series), Geographic name Alxa was Romanized as Alachan or Alshan by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 134, chart 31. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by Li Pu & Yuan Qilin Alxa Zuo Banner, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For quartzite, with interbeds of slate Presinian. Amapu Schist () Amapu Formation Yin Guanhou, Zhang Jinliang, Chen Sijun, 1988, Yunnan Geology, 17(1): 17-26. Adopted a classified matter by Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Amapu close to Sishituo, southeast of mountain Xuelongshan,

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in northwestern Yunnan Province Schist intercalated with marble Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic. Amdo Formation () Ma Xiaoda, 1983, The Discussion on the Classification of Marine Jurassic of South Qinghai and North Tibet, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 113-117. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Integrative Team of Petroleum Geology, Ministry of Geology  Amdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region Temporary absent Late Jurassic Homonym of Amdo Gneiss, Synonym of Qiangmulequ Formation. Amdo Gneiss ( ) Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yushu Sheet Amdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region Gneiss Pre-Devonian Homonym: Amdo Formation.

Amnik Formation () No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tuosuhu Sheet The hill of Amnik in Wulan County, in the southwest of Delingha, northern margin of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province Purple and parti-coloured clastic rocks intercalated with limestone and dolomite. Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous. Amugang Group () Wu Ruizhong, Chen Dejuan, 1986, Stratigraphic System of Qiangtang District, Northern Tibet, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (9), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Amugang, Tibet Autonomous Region Composed of Qiagela Formation (lower) and Gemuri Formation (upper)  PreDevonian. Amushan Formation () Li Wenguo, 1996, in Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources

(Li Wenguo, chief editor), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (15), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 200. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by No.241 Geology Team, Ministry of Geology Amushan in Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner (Bailingmiao), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region An alternation of fine clastic rock and carbonite rock Early Permian. Anchun Beds () An-chun Beds Grabau A W, 1928, Stratigraphy of China, pt.II, Peking, Geological Survey of china, 679, 680, 769 Anchun, Hunyuan County, northeastern Shanxi Province Dark purple massive muddy shale Late Cretaceous.

Anda Formation () Qiu Songyu, 1992, Journal of Stratigraphy, 16(1): 60-63 Anda County, Heilongjiang Province Early Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Andou Formation () Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xu Xuesi, chief editor), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (32), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangsu Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 192. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Tian Yongchu Andou is a coordinative geography name abridged from Anji village and mountain Doushan, Jiangsu Province Composed of gypsum, dolomite, and limestone Mid Triassic Synonym of Zhouchongcun Formation. Angara Formation () Angara Series (=Angara Schichten) Suess E, 1908, Face de la Terre, pt. III, Oxford, 19; Leuchs K, 1912, Geologische Untersuchungen im Chalyktau, Temurlyktau und Dsungarischen Alatau. Aus den Wissenschaftlichen Ergebnissen der Merzbacherschen Tian-Schan-Expedition. Abh. d. K.Bayer. Akad. d. Wiss. Math-Phys. Kl. Bd.25, Abt.8 Angara close to Temurlyktau in south of Yili County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Red sandstone, green shale and coal seams Permian to Mesozoic. Ange’eryinwula Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dong-Ujimqin Sheet Ange’eryinwula in Dong-Ujimqin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Composed mainly of siltstone, slate, fine sandstone, intercalated with siltstone and mudstone Late

Devonian.

Anggang Beds () Yang Zhongjian (Young C C), 1954, Index Fossils of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 23 Early Cretaceous. Angjie Formation () Tibet Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1980, Geological Review, 26(2): 162 Angjie Mountain, Yongzhu Township, Xainza County in lake-region, in the north Tibet Autonomous Region Grayish black shale, siltstone, and limestone Late Carboniferous-Early Permian Angjie Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic

unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Angou Group () Henan Team of Rich Iron Scientific Research of Northwest University, 1979, Contribution to Presinian Geology and Rich Iron Scientific Research in Southern North China. Beijing: Science Press Angou, Linru County, Henan Province Palaeoproterozoic. Angzanggou Formation () Angzanggou Series, geographic name Angzanggou was Romanized as Antsziagoou by the French (LSI) Mu Enzhi, 1962, The Silurian of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Yin Zanxun et al. Angzanggou

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located north of Yumen City, Gansu Province Blackish gray, blue sandy shale, siltstone, intercalated with black shale and conglomerate Early Silurian. Anho Formation () Anho Series Zhang Jujun, Wei Shoukun, 1939, Geological Review, 4(2): 116 Anhe Valley between Feng County and Guoansi Temple, Shaanxi Province Clayey sandstone, intercalated with thin-bedded conglomerate, black shale and coal seams Palaeogene-Neogene. Anji Formation () Compiling Group for Zhejiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Zhejiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team Anji County, Zhejiang Province For gray, green, black muddy siltstone and mudstone intercalated with fine sandstone, that were limited to which within the range of Glyptograptus persculptus zone and Akidograptus ascensus zone Early Silurian Anji Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Anjiacha Formation () Zhu Weiyuan, 1988, Gansu Geology, (9). First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Metallurgy and Geological Exploration Company of Gansu Anjiacha located north of Liuxiang Township, Xihe County, Gansu Province; Limestone, phyllite, and siltstone Early-Mid Devonian.

Anjiagou Formation (1) ( 1) Anjiagou Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press Anjiagou between Heishichuan and Dalapai in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province Green Calcareous phyllite intercalated with quartzite Silurian Homonym: Anjiagou Formation (2). Anjiagou Formation (2) ( 2) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet Anjiagou, Shandong Province Late Cretaceous Homonym of Anjiagou Formation (1). Anjicun Member () Zhang Zengqi, Chi Shouxiang, Song Zhiyong, et al., 1994, Regional Geology of China, no.4 (serial no.51). First appeared in a manuscript by No.3 Shandong Geology Team Anjicun village in Laishan Town, Muping County, Shandong Province For the lower member of Lugezhuang Formation, schist Palaeoproterozoic. Anjihai Formation ( ) No.10 Element of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Bai Guangqun), 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 scale Geological Map: Tuokuzi, Kuma, and

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lake Sheet Anjihai, Shawan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous. Anjihaihe Formation ( ) Anjihai Formation Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale,

1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Anjihai in the south of Shawan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Grayish green mud intercalated with marl, sandstone and limestone Eocene-Oligocene. Anju’an Formation () Anju’an Series Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Peng Xiling Anju’an in the east of Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A formation of Wuqia Group, for alternating beds of red mudstone, sandstone, grayish green sandstone and mudstone Miocene. Ankou Formation () Ankou Series Liu Shaolong, 1957, Geological Review, 17(3): 345. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by No.633 Geology Team The kiln of Ankou in Huating County, Gansu Province Grayish green sandstone, sandy mud, intercalated with gray thin-bedded fine sandstone Mid Jurassic. Anlu Sandstone ( ) Anlu Sandstone Formation Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Tian Muju Anlu in eastern Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province Red Beds Palaeogene. Anmin Formation () Anmin Coal Bearing Beds Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, The Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 56. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Ministry of Coal Industry Anmin village, close to Pinggang Coal Mine, Dongliao County, Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province Volcanic clastics intercalated with coal seams Late Jurassic. Annanba Group () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 63. First appeared in a manuscript by Qinghai Petroleum Survey Team Annanba in Altun Mountains, northwest margin of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province Banded limestone intercalated with Schist Proterozoic.

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Anniangniangqiao Formation () Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Ma Jiajun Anniangniangqiao in the west of Xinglong Town, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province Grayish green, yellowish green conglomerate, sandstone intercalated with siltstone and marble Early Ordovician.

Anning Formation (1) ( 1) Zhu Tinghu, 1927, Geological Survey of Yunnan, (2), Kunming Anning County, Yunnan Province Red sandstone intercalated with green sandstone Late Triassic Homonym: Anning Formation (2).

Anning Formation (2) ( 2) Anning Series, geographic name Anning was Romanized as Annin by the French (LSI) Yang C C, Bian M N, 1936–1937, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.16, 221 Anning Fort, 30 km northwest of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province Tangerine sands Pleistocene Homonym of Anning Formation (1).

Anpei Sand ( ) Anpei yellow sand, geographic name Anpei was Romanized as Anbei by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Acaclemia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press Anbei in Taqingshan District, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Yellowish white fine sands intercalated with gravel  Pleistocene.

Anping Formation () Anning (campsite) Beds Wang Wenxian, 1986, Quaternary Sciences, 7(2): 79-80 Anning (campsite) in lower reaches of Kongquehe River, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Light gray, light yellow analogous loess, loess like clay and gravel beds Late Pleistocene.

Anpingliang Formation ( ) Ge Meiyu, Li Chonglou, 1985, Bull. Nanking Inst. Geol. Palaeo., Academia Sinica, (9) Anpingliang in Bajiaogoukou, Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For

alternation of light gray siltstone and sandy slate bearing 6 zones, Curtograptus sakmaricus etc. Mid Silurian Synonym of Xianzhonggou Formation, Anpingliang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit without lithostratigraphic meaning. Anqing Conglomerate () Geographic name Anqing was Romanized as Anking or Antsin by the French (LSI) Tang Kecheng,1952 (?) Anqing City, Anhui Province Conglomerate Pliocene-Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Anqingtaihe Formation ( ) No.2 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Anqingtaihe, Heilongjiang Province Late Devonian-Late Carboniferous. Anquan Formation () No.4 Element of No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Anquan in Ke’erqin-Youyiqian Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Composed of limestone, sandstone, slate and mud Mid-Late Ordovician. Anren Formation ( ) Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yong’an Sheet Anren, Fujian Province. Anrencun Formation ( ) Xu Yuxuan, 1962, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 6(4): 313-325 Anren village, Lunan County, Yunnan Province For red beds bearing Anrencun fauna Oligocene Anrencun Formation is the form of lithostratigrphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Ansha Sandstone (

) Wang S W, 1930, Mining & Metallurgy, 4(1) Ansha in the northwest of Yong’an County, Fujian Province  Quartzose sandstone Late Devonian. Anshan Group () Anshan Series (Anshan was pronounced as Anzan by the Japanese) Saito R, 1939, Stratigraphical studies on newly adopted Anshan Series (preliminary report), Bull. Geol. Inst. Manchukuo, 97 Anshan in the southwest of Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province Magnetic iron quartzose schist and green schist Archaean Synonymous with Tagushan Group. Anshun Limestone () Anshun Fresh Water Gastropoda Bed Yoh S S, 1929, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, 12: 1-22 Anshun County, Guizhou Province Limestone Early Triassic.

Antang Formation ( ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongxin Sheet Antang, Ji’an County, Jiangxi Province Variegated conglomerate, sandstone bearing gravel, sandstone and mud intercalated with coal seams Late Triassic-Early Jurassic. Anting Formation () Anting Limestone (Lee J S, 1939) Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34 Anding(Anting) Town, in the west of Zichang County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of gray to pink limestone and Red shale Jurassic.

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Anting Formation ( ) Shanghai Hydrogeology Team, 1986 (?) Anting, Jiading County, Shanghai Municipality Drabish yellow, grayish green fine sands and gravel seams PliocenePleistocene Error spelling: Anjing Formation (Zhang Zonghu, 1991, 522).

Anxigou Formation () Zhou Weijun, 1983, Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1(4) Anxigou in Cheng County, Gansu Province The uppermost formation of Sihanshui Group Late De-

vonian.

Anyao Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Henan Petroleum Geology Team Anyao village in Jiyuan County, Henan Province Yellowish green felsic sandstone Earle Jurassic. A’nyemaqen Complex () A’nyemaqen Ophiolitic Melange Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Sun Chongren, chief editor), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (63), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Qinghai Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 256 Mountain A’nyemaqen in Maqin County, Qinghai Province Ophiolitic melange Triassic.

Anyuan Formation () Geographic name Anyuan was Romanized as Aniouan by the French (LSI) Li Yingjian, Wu Rongnan, 1959, Acta Geologica Sinica, 39(3) Anyuan, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province A formation with the same geographic name belongs to Anyuan Group Late Triassic Homonym of Anyuan Group with subordinate sta-

tus.

Anyuan Group () Anyuan Coal Series Chen Guoda, 1938, Geological Review, 2(3). First ap-

peared in a 1930 manuscript by Kao P & Hsu K C (published later in 1943, Geological Memoirs, ser.A, (16)) Anyuan, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province Composed of conglomerate, sandstone, shale intercalated with coal seams (subdivided into Tzuchiachung Formation, Tientzushan Sandstone, Sanchiachung Shale and Sanchiutien Formation)  Late Triassic Homonym: Anyuan Formation with subordinate status. Anzhou Formation ()

Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangrao Sheet Anzhou village, Qianshan County, Jiangxi Province An alternation of sandstone and mud, intercalated with marls and siliceous limestone Early Permian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Anzigou Formation () Zhai Yupei, 1977, Geological Science and Technology, (6) Anzigou, Tewo County, Gansu Province  Phyllite and slate, locally tuffite, the lower formation in Tewo Group Early Silurian.

Anziling Gneiss ( ) Wang Qichao, Zhang Shaoqing, Qi Honglie, Ren Shuxiang, 1995, Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources of North China, 10(1): 26-41 Anziling, Qinglong County, Hebei Province Gneiss  Archean.

Anziping Beds () Anziping Gravel-Clay Beds Xiong Yongxian, 1951, Geological Review, 16(3/6): 25 Anziping, Chongqing Municipality Gravel beds Pliocene.

Anziping Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team and No.213 Part of Geology, 1976,

Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen, Qinyuan Sheet

Anziping, Gu County, Shanxi Province Quartzite intercalated with gneiss Archean.

Aobaotinghundi Formation (

 ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Aobaotinghundi, East Ujimqin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Calcareous-muddy siltstone Early

Devonian.

Aocheng Formation ( ) Aocheng Series Wang C C, 1920, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (2) Aocheng village, 2 km east of Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province Sandstone and shale intercalated with coal seams Early Carboniferous.

Ao’ertu Formation () The Division of Geosciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Xinjiang Bu-

reau of Petroleum Management, 1989, The Formation and Evolution of Junggar Basin and the Formation of Oil and Gas, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Ao’ertu in Qijiagou, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Grayish black, grayish green siltstone, intercalated with sandy limestone Late Carboniferous. Aogaosituquan Formation (  ) i. e. Nogostubulak or Nogustubulaq Series (=Nugusibulake Formation, Wang Hengsheng, 1954, Outline of Geology of Xinjiang, Proceedings of Xi’an Element of Geological Society of China, (2)).

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Aojiao Schist () Aojiao Group Wang Zhenmin, Huang Hui, 1991, Outline of the Aojiao Group along the Coast of Fujian, in Fujian Institute of Geology ed., 1991, Collection of Geological Science and Technology, (1): 1-10 Aojiao, Dongshan County, Fujian Province Schist, included Yanya Formation and Qinyingshan Formation  PreDevonian.

Aomugenhuduge Formation (  ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Aomugenhuduge in Sonid Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Composed of yellowish brown fel-

sic sandstone, grayish green calcareous greywacke and dark gray marl, intercalated with purple shale  Early Carboniferous.

Aoni’erhe Formation ( ) No.2 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text

for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: 125 km Sheet or Suolun Army Horse-Breeding Farm Sheet Aoni’erhe, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mid Ordovician.

Aoqi Member ( ) Cai Wenhua, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jiamusi City Sheet Aoqi in Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province Grayish white, grayish purple rhyolite intercalated with volcanic clastics and quartz andesite Late

Cretaceous.

Aoqu Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Changdu Sheet Aoqu in Jiaoga Township, 20 km southeast of Mangkang County, Tibet Autonomous Region Light gray and grayish white limestone Late Carboniferous.

Aoti Formation ( ) Aoti Coal Measures Yen C P, Chen P Y, 1953, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Juifang Sheet, Geological Survey of Taiwan Aoti village, 47 km east of Taipei County, Taiwan Province Composed of alternating beds of fine-grained quartzose sandstone and black shale. Divided into Makang Member (lower) and Fangchiao Member (upper) Oligocene Homonym: Aoti Group.

Aoti Group ( ) Lin C C, 1954, Taiwan Geology (in Chinese), in Taiwan Hsien-Chih, China Culture Publishing Foundation Aoti village, 47 km east of Taipei County, Taiwan Province Included Wuchihshan Formation (2) and Aoti Formation (coal measures) Oligocene Homonym of Aoti Formation.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Aotou Formation () Aotou Iron-bearing Shale Hu Baisu, Cheng Shaoqi, Wang Taikui, 1938, Geological Review, 3(6) Aotou, 8 km north of Changpu City, Suining County, Hunan Province Iron-bearing shale Early Ordovician.

Aoxi Formation ( ) Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jishou Sheet Aoxi in Huaqiao, Baojing County, Hunan Province Dolomite, muddy dolomite, limestone and carbonaceous limestone Mid Cambrian Synonym: Tonggutan Formation, Nadong Formation.

Aoyimanbulake Formation () Yu Dawei, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lake Sailimuhu Sheet Aoyimanbulake, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous Aoyougou Formation ( ) No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yanchiwan Sheet Aoyougou in Qiqing Township, Yugu Autonomous County, Gansu Province Dark green metamorphic volcanics, volcanic clastic rock, intercalated with tuffaceous slate and limestone Palaeoproterozoic. Apatarkan Formation ( ) Apatarkan Series, geographic name Apatarkan was Romanized as Apatarkhan by the French (LSI) Keidel H, 1906, Geologische Untersuchungen im sudlichen Tian-Schan nebst Beschreibung einer obercarbonischen Brachiopodenfauna aus dem Kukurtuk, Neues Jahrb. f. Min. Geol. und Palaeont. Beil. Bd.22, 266-384 Apatarkan in Tianshan, north of Kashiwushi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Green and gray greywacke intercalated with green and black siliceous slate, green phyllite and quartzite, intercalated with red slate and sandstone Mid Devonian.

Aqia Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Aqia in Heishantou, Bachu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Purple sandy mud, mud, fine sandstone, siltstone and sandstone, intercalated with marl Permian. Aqialehe Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Aqialehe in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous.

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Aqide Formation () Zheng Zhaochang, Zhu Hong, 1987, Development of Paleozoic Stratigraphy and

Tectonic in the Margin of Alxa Land Block, in Evolution of Paleozoic Biostratigraphy and Tectonic of the Margin of the Alxa Land Block, Wuhan: Wuhan College of Geology Press Aqide in Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Gray calcareous greywacke, tuffite intercalated with limestone, volcanic clastics Late Permian. Aqike Formation () Wen Shixuan, Sun Dongli, Yin Jixiang, Chen Tingen, Luo Hui, 2000, in the In-

tegrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000, Geological Evolution of the Karakorum-Kunlun Mountains, Beijing: Science Press, 37 i. e. Aqikebulake Formation. Aqikebaxi Formation ()

Fang Xilian, 1980, Xinjiang Geology, (4) Aqikebaxi valley of Qipanhe river in Xinyecheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Parti-coloured sandy mudstone, siliceous and calcareous fine sandstone, siliceous rock Neoproterozoic.

Aqikebulake Formation () Aqike Formation No.5 Element of No.2 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dikaner Sheet Aqikebulake, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Aqikekule Formation () No.3 Element of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Aqikekule Sheet Aqikekule in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous.

Aqitu Formation () Aqituwula Formation Tao Minghua, Zhu Yuheng, Zheng Guoguang, Zou Wei-

hong, Li Yanxia, 2000, Sequence of Jurassic Stratigraphy in Erenhot Basin, Inner Mongolia, in Editorial Committee of the Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, 2000, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 203-204 Aqituwula in Erenhot Basin, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Light gray sandstone and conglomerate, intercalated with calcareous mud or alternation of muddy sand Early Jurassic. Aral Formation () Zhang Ruicheng, 2000, in Cheng Yuqi (chief editor), 2000, Concise Regional

Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 269. First appeared in a manuscript by No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Aral in eastern Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Arkatag Diamictite () Arkatag Moraine Chen Huahui (chief editor), 1994, Explanation of 1:1 500 000 Scale Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-132 Arkatag in area of Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Diamictite  Pleistocene. Arkatag Formation (1) () Arkatagh System Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Acadenia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 119, chart 28 Arkatag Hill, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Red sandstone intercalated with limestone Carboniferous-Permian It is a misinterpretation to Leuchs K’s Arkatagh Mountain System. Perhaps it is just the name used by Chen Zhengxiang (1944). Arkatag Formation (2) () No.2 Xinjiang Geology Team, 1985, Explanatory Notes for Geological and Min-

eral Resources Map of Western Part of South Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, I, Stratigraphy, 14-250 Arkatag River in upper reaches of Yarkant River, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Red conglomerate, purple sandstone intercalated with nodular limestone Eocene or Cretaceous (?).

Arpishme Bulaq Formation (  ) Arpishime Bulaq Series, geographic name Arpishme Bulaq was Romanized as Arpismebulak or Arpichmiboulak by the French (LSI) Norin E, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, Art. vol.17, 188 The name of Arpishime Formation is derived from Arpishime Spring about 100 km southwest of Turpan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Grayish green slate, sandstone, and marble Late SilurianEarly Devonian. Arshanto Formation () Berkey C P, Morris F K, 1924, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol.51, Art.V, 119 Arshanto Mountain in Dorbod Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Fine thin-bedded green shale and red mudstone  Oligocene.

Artankors Formation () No.3 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text of 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Heiyingshan Sheet The name of the Artankors Formation is derived from the Artankors River, 15 km north of the Heiyingshan Township, Baicheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tuffaceous sandstone and conglomerate Late Silurian. Artmex Bulak Formation () Zhang Ruicheng, 2000, in Cheng Yuqi (chief editor), 2000, Concise Regional Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 240. First appeared in a manuscript by No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Artmex Bulak in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Upper Devonian.

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Artux Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Artux in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Yellowish brown, yellowish green and brown sandstone and mudstone Pliocene. Ashan Formation () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 119, chart 28 Ashan located at the headstream of Kuyi’erjisi river and Zheletehe river, in the north of Fuyun in Altay Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Ordovician Synonym of Kabino Group. Ashele Formation () Zhou Renliang, Ren Bingchen, 1995, Geologic Factor and Model of Mineral-

ization of Copper-blended Ore Deposit in Ashele, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Chen Zhengyuan Ashele village, Habahe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tuff, phyllite, slate and mudstone Mid Devonian. Ashile Formation () See Oshih Formation. Asizha Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing, Science Press, 63 Asizha close to Tebashaliu in northern margin of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province Chlorite schist intercalated with siliceous rock Presinian. Asushan Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Asushan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Devonian. Atasi Formation () Yang Zunyi et al., 1983, The Triassic of South Qilianshan, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Atasi valley in Gangcha County, Qinghai Province Feldspathic sandstone intercalated with siltstone and quartzose sandstone, belong to Mole Group Mid-Late Triassic. Augen Gneiss (  ) Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.1, pt.1 Aogen close to Shizui village on famous mountain Wutaishan, Wutai County, Shanxi Province Gneiss

26

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Presinian.

Awatag Formation (1) ( 1) Awatag Series Xinjiang Bureau of Geology, 1957, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wushi-Aheqi Sheet Awatag in eastern Kap-

ing district, northern margin of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Purple mudstone, shale, dolomitic limestone, dolomite and limestone Mid Cambrian-Early Ordovician Homonym : Awatag Formation (2).

Awatag Formation (2) ( 2) Awatag Group Cheng Shoude, 1979, Regional Geological Survey of Xinjiang, (1): 2-37. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Stratigraphy Group in Kalpin Area of Xinjiang Awatag in eastern Kaping district, northern margin of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Gray, red muddy dolomite bearing gypsum, salt-pseudocrystal and flint bands Mid-Late Cambrian Awatag Formation (2) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Awulale Formation () Zhou Shenxi, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinyuan Sheet Awulale, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous. Ayadeng Formation () Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, in Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team Ayadeng in Chayou Hou Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Crystalline limestone and marble (one of 9 formations in Bayan Obo Group) Ordovician. Ayigenkang Conglomerate ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 267, chart 57. First appeared in a 1941 manuscript by Xiong Yongxian Ayigenkang in the northeast of Shangrangkou, Songpan Grasslands, Sichuan Province Reddish gray or purple conglomerate intercalated with dark purple clay and fine sands  Paleogene-Neogene. Ayila Diamictite () Ayila Tillite Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by No.8 Element of Qinghai-Tibet Highland Geology Team, Ministry of Geology Ayila located at right bank of Nuozuopu valley in eastern slope of Ayisongriju, Ge’er County, Tibet Autonomous Region Red gravel, brown sand Pleistocene.

A

27

Ayilihe Formation ( ) Li Qixin, 1962, in Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tuoshihanhe River Sheet Ayilihe River in southern slope of Kuokesale Mountain, Wushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Limestone intercalated with thin bedded sandstone, siltstone and shale Late Carboniferous Synonym: Misibulake Group, Kalasu Group, Aiketike Group. Ayishan Formation ( ) No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Angguisiduo Sheet Ayishan, Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province Grayish green tuffite, volcanics and quartz-porphyry Early Ordovician. Ayliankat Group ( ) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, xi+841 Ayliankat in area of Mountain Altun, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Metamorphic stratigraphic body of green facies Palaeoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Synonym: Heluositan Group. Azgan Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Azgan, Pishan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Limestone, shale, sandstone and mud Late Carboniferous. Azigou Formation () Yang Zunyi et al., 1983, The Triassic of South Qilianshan, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.105 Element of Qinghai Bureau of Coal Geology Azigou in Delingha, Qinghai Province For the deposits belong to Mid Triassic in upper part of Junzihe Group Mid Triassic Azigou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

B Babaoshan Group ( ) Babaoshan Series Li Zuyin, 1960, Geological Review, 20(2): 76-84 Babaoshan area in Kunlun Mountain, Dunan County, Qinghai Province For coal measures Late Triassic-Early Jurassic. Bachu Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Geology Bachu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed of purplish red clastics, grayish purple limestone, mudstone and gypsum Early Carboniferous. Bacun Group () No.4 Element (No.761 Team) of Nanling Regional Geological Survey of Guangdong Bureau of Geology, 1959, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shaoguan Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhang Youzheng & Nan Yi Bacun village in Qujiang, Shaoguan District, Guangdong Province For grayish green shale intercalated with sandstone and siliceous rock Late Cambrian. Bada Formation () Meng Yifeng, 1990, Yunnan Geology, 9(4) Bada village in Zhetai Township, Guangnan County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of grayish black siliceous rock, basalt, tuffite and tuffaceous sandstone Early Carboniferous. Badachu Formation () Badachu Series Yang Jie, 1957, Geological Review, 17(2): 161-179 Badachu in West Hills, Beijing Municipality For volcanic clastics intercalated with beds of sedimentary rock Late Permian-Triassic. Badainjaran Formation ( ) Zheng Zhaochang, Zhu Hong, 1987, Stratigraphy Development and Tectonic Evolution of the Alxa Massif, in Zhu Hong et al., ed., 1987, Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Tectonic Evolution of the Alxa Massif Margin, Wuhan: Wuhan College of Geology Press, 1-19 Badainjaran in Erjin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Composed of purple, grayish purple thin-bedded quartzose sandstone, pebbly lithic quartzose sandstone, gray thin- to thick-bedded calcareous sandstone, calcareous siltstone intercalated with sandy biolimestone Late Ordovician. Badangshan Volcanics ( ) No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wengniute Banner Sheet Badangshan (i.e. west hills of Saiwusu) in Jiefangyingzi Township, Wengniute Banner, Inner Mongolia

B

29

Autonomous Region For a sequence of acidic volcanics intercalated with slate Mid Silurian. Badaohao Group ( ) Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Late Paleozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China,

Beijing: Science Press, 73. First appeared in a 1946 manuscript by Minagawa N

Badaohao in Heishan, Liaoning Province For a sequence of coal measure composed of Yaowangmiao Shale and Fangshanzhen Volcanics Late Jurassic.

Badaohe Group ( ) Sun Dazhong et al., 1984, Early Precambrian Geology of East Hebei, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press Badaohe in Fengning County, Hebei Province For the sum of Wangchang Formation and Wanzhangzi Formation Archean. Badaojian Formation ( ) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Yufa, Jiang Lifu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (34), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Anhui Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 93. Adopted a classified matter by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Badaojian close to Zhufoan Town, Huoshan County, Anhui Province For thinbedded quartz schist Silurian-Devonian. Badaojiang Formation ( ) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 63. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Changchun College of Geology, which was published in Acta Geologica Sinica , 1964, 44 (1) by Yu Jianzhang, Cui Shengqin and Qiu Ganlin Badaojiang, 15 km south of Hunjiang Couty, Jilin Province For light colour limestone and stromatolitic limestone Presinian. Badaowan Member ( ) Geographic name Badaowan was Romanized as Badaovan by the French (LSI) Luo Huilin, 1982, Yunnan Geology, (2) Badaowan close to Yuhucun, Kunyang County, Yunnan Province Early Cambrian Synonym: Shiyantou Member. Badou Member () Chen Junyuan, Zou Xiping, 1975, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1975, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (1) Badou Township in Boshan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province For dark gray thick-bedded limestone intercalated with thin-bedded dolomite Mid Ordovician. Badu Group () Hu Jianxiong, Xu Jinkun, Tong Chaoxu, Chen Chenghua, 1991, Precambrian Geology of Southwestern Zhejiang, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Badu

30

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

close to Tangyuan, 38 km southwest of Longquan City, Zhejiang Province For the sum of Qiantou Formation, Zhangyan Formation, Siyuan Formation and Dayanshan Formation Palaeoproterozoic. Baerleike Formation () Li Qixin, 1960, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Taleaileke Sheet  Baerleike Mountain, Yumin County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For mudstone, tuffaceous siltstone, tuffaceous conglomerate, tuffite, spilite and felsite intercalated with limestone Mid Devonian. Bafangwan Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 166 Bafangwan in Jiadian, Hubei Province For gravel-bearing sandstone intercalated with sandy conglomerate Late Cretaceous. Bagan Formation () Wang Zunzhou, Tian Chuanrong, Yang Xianhe, Li Jinghua, Ding Baoliang, 1992, Bulletin of Chengdu Insitute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (16). First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Dian, Qian, Gui Institute of Petroleum Geological Science Bagan in Diwei, Guangnan County, Yunnan Province For a sequence of rhythmic beds of tuffaceous siltstone, mudstone and tuffite Early Triassic. Bagong Formation () Li Pu, 1955, Preliminary knowledge on geology in eastern Tibet, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Bagong in Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region Composed of gray, grayish green sandstone and black shale intercalated with coal seams and rhyolite locally Jurassic. Bagongbulansha Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Long Nengli Bagongbulansha in Pishan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a sequence of alternation of sandy shale, sandstone, siltstone and limestone Early Jurassic. Bagongshan Group ()

Bagongshan Series Xu Jiawei, 1956, Bulletin of Hefei College of Mining Industry, (1) Bagongshan in the north of Shou County, Anhui Province For grayish white gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone Proterozoic.

Bagseco Diamictite ( ) Bagseco Till Zhang Ruicheng, 2000, in Cheng Yuqi (chief editor), 2000, Concise Regional Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 269, 362 Bagseco in the north of Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene.

B

31

Baguamiao Formation () Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 29. First appeared in a manuscript by Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology Baguamiao, 14 km north of Banjiuguan, Ziyang County, Southern Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province For limestone, marls and carbonaceous slate intercalated with coal seams Mid Cambrian. Bahe Formation () Liu Dongsheng, Ding Menglin, Gao Fuqing, 1960, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (4) Bahe River, south of Xiehu Town, Lantian County, Shaanxi Province For mudstone and sandstone Miocene. Baicaoping Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baicaoping in Huaping, Ninglang County, Yunnan Province For dark gray nodular and argillaceous limestone and marl Mid Ordovician. Baicaoping Formation ( ) Baicaoping Sandstone and Shale Yan Lianquan, Han Jingshan, 1952, Reports on Geology and Mineral Resources Survey of West Henan, Kaifeng Survey of Geological Survey of Central-South China Baicaoping in Yiyang County, Henan Province For purplish red sandstone, shale intercalated with purplish gray thinbedded quartzite and manganese sandstone Proterozoic. Baicheng Formation () Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province. First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by No.102 Jilin Coalfield Geology Team Baicheng, Jilin Province Jurassic. Baidaban Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lu’an, Yuexi Sheet Baidaban, Jinzhai County, Anhui Province For quartz andesite and quartz trachyte Late Jurassic.

Baidingpu Formation ( ) Zhang Binggao, 1974, Permian System, in Reports on Scientific Expedition of Qomolangma District (1966–1968), Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 74-75. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Zhang Shouxin Baidingpu in Kangmar County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray crystalline limestone Early Permian. Baidong Limestone () Geographic name Baidong was Romanized as Baitoun by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

32

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 476, chart 98. First appeared in a manuscript by Chao C K & Chang W Y Baidong village, north of Chetian, Ziyuan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For black thick-bedded siliceous limestone intercalated with argillaceous limestone Early Ordovician. Bai’erhe Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 83. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Bai’erhe in Wudangshan Area, Hubei Province For the component formation within the Wutang Group Proterozoic. Bai’erkuduke Formation () No.3 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kamusite Sheet Ba’erkuduke in Kamusite Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Devonian. Bai’eshan Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing Sheet Bai’eshan in Anhui Province Sinian. Baifangzi Formation () No.3 Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hunjiang City Sheet Baifangzi in Dalizigou valley, Linjiang, Baishan City, Jilin Province For parti-coloured quartzite, siltstone and shale Mesoproterozoic Synonymous with Daluoquanhe Formation. Baifeng Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map; Tiandong Sheet Baifeng in Tianlin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a sequence of alternation of sandstone, mudstone with intercalating beds of limestone Mid Triassic.

Baigang Formation () Ning Zongshan, Hu Yankun, Liang Chaowu, 1992, Acta Petrolei Sinica, 13 (2): 154-158. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript “Report of Petroleum Geological Survey in Baise Basin” by Guangxi Petroleum Survey Team Baigang in Baise Basin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a sequence of alternating beds of parti-coloured mudstone and sandstone Oligocene. Baiguocun Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, v+643. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript

B

33

by Peking University Baiguocun village in Dahongshan, Suixian County, Hubei Pro-vince For light colour dolomite Proterozoic. Baihaba Formation () Wang Guangyao, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baihaba, Halasi, Huomiyindaban Sheet Baihaba in Habahe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For metamorphic gray, grayish green calcareous and muddy siltstone, gravel-bearing sandstone and grayish white limestone Late Or-

dovician.

Baihedian Limestone () Yang Jingzhi et al., 1962, The Carboniferous of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Ju Ziyun Baihedian in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For limestone Early Carboniferous.

Baihedong Formation ( ) No.735 Team of Guangdong Bureau of Geology, 1975, Preliminary research on

rock facies and ore-bearing formation of Cretaceous-Tertiary in Sansui Basin

Baihedong in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Early Cretaceous.

Baihelong Formation ( ) Tang Xiaoshan, 1994, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 303-310 Baihelong in Yuxikou, Zhijiang County, Hunan Province For quatrzgraywacke, tuffite and slate Neoproterozoic.

Baiheshan Formation (1) (  1) Baiheshan Beds Xu Jiawei, 1958, Geological Review, 18(1): 41-56 Baiheshan in Fengtai County, Anhui Province For grayish red or grayish yellow calcarenaceous shale and argillaceous limestone intercalated with limestone Early Cambrian Homonym: Baiheshan Formation (2).

Baiheshan Formation (2) (  2) Li Wenzhong, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhenbaodao Sheet Baiheshan in Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province For yellowish green sandstone and grayish black slate intercalated with conglomerate Early Jurassic Homonymous with Baiheshan Formation (1).

Baihu Group () Shen Bingkai, 1974, Geological Science and Technology Informatim, (2): 4857. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Baihu in Subei Mongol Autonomous County, Gansu Province Sinian Baihu Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

34

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Baihuachang Formation ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, chart 72. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhang Weigang & Ma Weixiang Baihuachang between Yibin and Ziliujing, Sichuan Province For purplish red clay, green thick-bedded sandstone Late Jurassic. Baihuashan Diamictite ( ) Baihuashan Ice Age Accumulation Compiling Group for Beijing Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Beijing Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baihuashan, Beijing Municipality For diamictite Pleistocene. Baihuating Formation ( ) Zhao Biequan, 1994, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 316-318 Baihuating in Yueyang County, Hunan Province For redish brown, purplish red thick-bedded conglomerate, gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone, greywacke and calcarenaceous and argillaceous siltstone Late Cretaceous-Palaeocene. Baiji Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, x+774 Baiji County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the sum of Nanzhou Member and Hongshan Member Late Jurassic. Baijiadian Formation () Baijiadian Limestone Yang Jingzhi et al., 1962, The Carboniferous of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Ju Ziyun Baijiadian in Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For dark gray to grayish black limestone intercalated with shale and slate Early Carboniferous. Baijiagou Formation () Bureau of Geological Exploration of Liaoning Bureau of Coal Management, 1962, Coalfield Geology of Liaoning Baijiagou in Tieling, Liaoning Province For conglomerate and sand-bearing conglomerate Late Jurassic. Baijianghe Basalt () Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yusuo, 1984, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 35 Baijianghe in Bali, Jingyu County, Jilin Province For basalt Pleistocene. Baijiazui Formation () Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing:

B

35

Geological Publishing House, x+774. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.6 Gansu Geology Team Baijiazui close to Longshoushan, Gansu Province For the component formation within the lower part of the Longshoushan Group Premesoproterozoic. Baijijigou Group () Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Qichang, chief editor),

1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (64), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 73. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript “1:50 000 Regional Geology Survey” by Regional Geological Survey Team of Xi’an College of Geology Baijijigou in North Helan Mountain, Pingluo County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For the sum of Dafenggou Formation and Shangtian Formation Triassic. Baijin Basalt () Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yusuo, 1984, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 33 Baijin Commune in Tumen River valley, Jilin Province For basalt Pleistocene. Baijizu Formation ( ) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 1976, Pelecypoda of China, Beijing: Science Press Baijizu, Yunnan Province Late Triassic. Baikouquan Beds ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baikouquan in Urho area, 80 km northeast of Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A component subdivision within the Wu’erhe Formation, for reddish brown beds Late Permian. Bailagou Formation ( )

Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Facies Stratigraphy of China. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Shen Guomao & Wu Zhipu Bailagou in Baimaguan, Luojiang County, Sichuan Province Cretaceous.

Bailishan Formation () No.2 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Urho Sheet Bailishan in Hebusai’er Mongol Autonomous County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, dark gray, grayish white, light yellow mudstone intercalated with quartzose sandstone, carbon mudstone and coal seams Late Triassic. Bailiuping Formation () Chen Yuanren, 1978, Several Problems of Devonian Stratigraphy in Longmenshan District, Sichuan, in Chinese Academy of Geology ed., 1978, Contribution to the Conference of Devonian System in South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing

36

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

House, 104-122 Bailiuping close to the village of Ganxi in Longmen Mountain, Sichuan Province For greenish gray siltstone, mudstone and quartzose sandstone Early Devonian. Bailong Formation () Sichuan Air Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Langzhong, Deyang, Santai and Jiangyang Sheet

Bailong chang, Jiange County, Sichuan Province For purplish red mudstone,

sandy mudstone and siltstone, intercalated with grayish white arkose and calcareous conglomerate Early Cretaceous.

Bailongbinghe Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Bailongbinghe located north of Gerze, Tibet Autonomous Region For a sequence of alternating beds of gray thick-bedded limestone and greenish gray mudstone Late Jurassic.

Bailongdong Formation () Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangxian Sheet Bailongdong in Zhongcunjie, Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province For dark gray-blackish gray thin-bedded limestone intercalated with chert bands Early Ordovician.

Bailongkou Limestone () Su Lianghe, 1943, Memoirs of Geosciences of Tsinghua University, vol. 1 Bailongkou, Pingyi County, Yunnan Province For limestone Mid Triassic.

Bailongmiao Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Bailongmiao river located 1 km northeast of Shuitian river, Xichuan County, Henan Province For carbonate rock Mid Ordovician Synonym: Longquan Formation. Bailongshan Formation ()

Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet Bailongshan in the north of Lan County, Shanxi Province For metamorphic basic volcanics intercalated quartzite and marble Palaeoproterozoic.

Bailuyuan Formation () Liu Dongsheng, Ding Menglin, Gao Fuqing, 1960, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (4) Bailuyuan close to the village of Maoxi, in the south bank of Bahe river, Lantian County, Shaanxi Province For white massive sandstone intercalated with purple mudstone Oligocene.

B

37

Baimachong Formation () Liu Yiren, Fu Hanying, 1985, Geological Review, 31 (6): 502-511 Baimachong, Qidong County, Hunan Province For black thin-bedded silica rock and carbonaceous shale intercalated with paper shale and coal-bearing siliceous rock Mid Cambrian.

Baimashao Formation () Zhao Jinke, Chen Chuzhen, Liang Xiluo, 1962, Triassic System of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Wang Yu et al. Baimashao located 3 km southwest of Zhenning County, Guizhou Province For sandy mudstone and chert-bearing limestone Early Triassic.

Baimatuo Member () Zhao Ziqiang, Xing Yusheng, Ma Guogan, Chen Yiyuan, 1985, Biostratigraphy of Sanxia District of Changjiang River, (1) Sinian, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baimatuo in Sanxia, Hubei Province A part within the top of the Tongying Formation, for dolomite Sinian Baimatuo Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Baimazhai Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuanyang Sheet Baimazhai in Jinping area, Yunnan Province Early Ordovician. Baimianxia Formation () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Tao Hongxiang Baimianxia in Shaanxi Province For the component formation within the lower part of Xixiang Group Mesoproterozoic. Baimiao Formation () Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baimiao in Chengde City, Hebei Province For a group of leptynite  hornblendite  banded iron-bearing quartzite and gneiss Archean. Baini Formation () Li Pingri, Zheng Jiansheng, Fang Guoxiang, 1989, Quaternary Geology of Guangzhou Area, Guangzhou: South China University of Technology Press Baini village in Sanshui County, Guangdong Province For a sequence of alternating beds of loess, brownish red sand and gravel layer Pleistocene.

38

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Bainvyangpan Formation ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bayan Obo Sheet Bainvyangpan in Bayan Huxu, Damao Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For basalt interca-

lated with conglomerate, and tuffite, andesite and rhyolite intercalated with marls Early Cretaceous. Baipozi Group () Baipozi Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geol-

ogy, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 151, chart 36 Baipozi in Baiyinchang, Gansu Province For green graywacke intercalated with phyllite and andesite Devonian. Baiqi Formation ( )

Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tianzhen Sheet Baiqi in Li xian County, Hebei Province For the clastics and andesites in the lower part of Kalgan Formation Jurassic.

Bairab Co Formation ( ) Bairab Formation (The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000, 64) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Bairab Co in the northeast of Duoma area, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a clastic assemblage composed of grayish white, grayish green siltstone, sandstone, calcareous sandstone and quartzose sandstone Early Jurassic. Bairiqili Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geol-

ogy, Chinese Academy of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1962, Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 63. First appeared in a manuscript by Qinghai Petroleum Geological Survey Team Bairiqili in eastern Kunlun Mountain, Qinghai Province For siliceous rock with bands-bearing limestone, intercalated with phyllite Proterozoic. Baise Formation () Yuan Baoyin, Ye Sujuan, Jiang Zhongxin, Qin Xiaoguang, Gao Liuqing, 1997, On the Problems of Stratigraphy of Red Clay in South China Area, in Liu Jiaqi, Yuan Baoyin ed., 1997, Quaternary Geology and Environment of China, Beijing: Ocean Press, 55-56 Baise Area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For netted-red-clay weathering crust Pliocene-Pleistocene Homonymous with Paise or Pakseh Formation. Baisha Formation (1) ( 1) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwest Area, Beijing:

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Science Press Baisha, Shiqian County, Guizhou Province For purplish red, yellowish green mudstone and siltstone Early Silurian Baisha Formation (1) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning; Homonym: Baisha Formation (2). Baisha Formation (2) ( 2) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Department of Geology and Geography of Peking University Baisha in Zhongshan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gravel layer Pleistocene Homonymous with Baisha Formation (1). Baisha Group () Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jiande Sheet Baisha, Jiande County, Zhejiang Province Rhythmic beds of fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone Presinian Homonymous with Baisha Formation (1). Baishagang Sandstone ( ) Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhixue, 1962, The Mesozoic Continental stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 142. First appeared in a 1942 manuscript by Ting I & Guan S T Baishagang, Qijiang County, Sichuan Province For sandstone Jurassic. Baishahe Formation () Zhuang Qingxing, Sun Guangzhi, et al., 1982, Research of Precambrian Section

of Yemaquan-Baishahe Area in East Kunlun Mountain, Qinghai Institute of Geological Science Baishahe in Golmud City, Qinghai Province For varied granulite, gneiss, schist, migmatite and marble Archean-Palaeoproterozoic.

Baishajiang Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 268. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Guangxi Physic Prospect Team Baishajiang in Hepu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Pliocene. Baishakou Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Department of Petroleum Exploration of Jianghan Baishakou, Hubei Province For purplish red sandstone, siltstone intercalated with mudstone Palaeocene-Eocene.

40

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Baishan Beds () Geographic name Baishan was Romanized as Baichan by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 103, chart 23 Baishan in Central Liaoning Province For alternating beds of gray or dark gray thin-bedded or knotty limestone and light gray to white edgewise conglomerate Late Cambrian Homonym: Baishan Formation (1), (2), (3) and (4). Baishan Formation (1) ( 1)

No. 2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mingshui Sheet. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript “Paleozoic Stratigraphy of Beishan (Mazongshan area), Gansu Province” by Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Baishan in Subei County, Gansu Province The upper part of Hongliuyuan Formation, for volcanics, phyllite, sandstone and limestone Early Carboniferous Homonymous with Baishan Beds. Baishan Formation (2) ( 2) No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yanyuan Sheet Baishan in Shuanghe Township, Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province Gray limestone, argillaceous dolostone and dolomitized limestone, intercalated with marls Mid Jurassic Homonymous

with Baishan Beds.

Baishan Formation (3) ( 3) Compiling Group of Heilongjiang Degional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province: Beijing, Geological Publishing House Baishan in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For volcanics Late Triassic Homonymous with Baishan Beds.

Baishan Formation (4) ( 4) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Xiao Bing Baishan in Kawabulake area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mid Ordovician Homonymous with Baishan Beds.

Baishanbao Formation ( ) Zeng Yasheng et al., 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Karamiran Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang Jingbing et al. The top of Baiyushan in Karamiran area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For yellowish gray, yellowish green sandstone, siltstone intercalated with limestone and conglomerate Mid Silurian.

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Baishangou Formation () Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team of Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Neixiang Sheet Baishangou located north of Wangguangou, 12 km southwest of Xichuan County, Henan Province For an alternation of purplish red shale and grayish white quartzite Mid Devonian. Baishibulake Formation () Baishibulake Series Deng Zihua, 1959, Geological Review, 19(4): 165-171 Baishibulake in Mount Kuruktag, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For metamorphic sandstone and shale Sinian Synonymous with the Elksen Formation. Baishishan Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Baishishan in Rongxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For red conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone Palaeocene Synonymous with Liuchou Formation. Baishiya Formation () Yan Guoshun et al., 1987, in Treatise on Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (17), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 72-79 Baishiya, Henan Province Early Carboniferous. Baishizui Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology no.20], Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 277. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Sanxia Hydrological Geology Team Baishizui, in the north of Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province Neogene.

Baishugou Formation () Henan Institute of Geology, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No. 3 Henan Geology Team Baishugou in Sanchuan, Luanchuan County, Henan Province For phyllite, quartzite and marble Mesoproterozoic. Baishuicun Formation ( ) Baishuihe Member (Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan, chief editor), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 269) Zhou Mingzhen, Li Chuankui, Zhang Yuping, 1973, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 11(2) Baishuicun in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province For parti-coloured mudstone, sandy mudstone and sandstone Oligocene Synonym: Baishuihe Member.

42

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Baishuihe Formation ( ) Qian Jiaqi, Gong Baojun, 1986, Gansu Geology, special issue, (4) Baishuihe, south of Tianjun County, Gansu Province A formation in Tuolainanshan Group, purple quartzite, sandstone intercalated with purplish red gray, grayish green slate and limestone Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Paishuiho Formation.

Baishuihe Member ( ) See Baishuicun Formation. Baishuijiang Limestone Member ( ) Zhang Zuqi, 1978, Science and Technoloy of Geology, (6) Baishuijiang, Wen County, Gansu Province Limestone Mid Devonian.

Baita Formation () Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Zong Yongqiang, Zhang Zhongying, 1987, Hanjiang Delta, Beijing: China Ocean Press Baita, Jieyang County, Guangdong Province For sandy conglomerate Pleistocene.

Baitianba Formation () Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 61. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by Bao Ci & Wang Guoning Baitianba in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For yellowish green, gray sandstone, mudstone intercalated with quartzose sandstone and thin coal seams Late Jurassic.

Baitongjianzi Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1990, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by No.101 Geology Team of Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Baitongjianzi in Baoxing County, Sichuan Province A component subdivision within the local Huangshuihe Group Mesoproterozoic.

Baitu Formation () Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuzhou Sheet Baitu in Jiangsu Province Mid Ordovi-

cian.

Baitushan Formation () Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China, Beijing: Science Press Baitushan in Nenjiang County, Jilin Province For gray-

ish white kaolinic sandy conglomerate and grayish yellow sandy conglomerate

Neogene.

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Baitutian Formation () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geogical Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chuxiong Sheet Baitutian village in Xiang County, Yunnan Province A subdivision formation within the Xiangyun Group, for coal measure Late Triassic.

Baiwan Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological map: Nanyang Sheet Baiwan in Zhenping County, Henan Province For yellow, grayish white massive marls intercalated with green clay rock and sandy conglomerate Early Cretaceous.

Baixiangdai Formation ( ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1990, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Zhu Lunjie Baixiangdai close to Nuanshui, Ruyang County, Hunan Province For an alternation of grayish white, grayish green feldspathic sandstone, siltstone and grayish green and purplish red mudstone Mid Jurassic. Baixinde Formation () Zhou Shenxi et al., 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinyuan Sheet Baixinde in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Devo-

nian.

Baixing Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxiang, Chongxi, Dongxing, Youyiguan Sheet Baixing

village in Baibao Township, Shangsi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For purplish red sandstone, mudstone intercalated with black mudstone and coal seams Early Jurassic.

Baiyan Formation ( )  Baiyan Gravel Beds Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1991, Regional Geology of Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 228. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.809 Team of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Baiyan in Pingyi County, Shandong Province For diamond-bearing chert-conglomerate Pliocene-Pleistocene. Baiyancun Formation () Chen Qishi, 1989, Jurassic-Cretaceous Biostratigraphy of Zhejiang, in Contribution to the Conference of Cretaceous System of South China, Nanjing: Nanking

44

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

University Press Baiyan village in Lishui County, Zhejiang Province For a series of extrusive-sedimentary rock Late Jurassic. Baiyanding Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Baiyanding in Dongxing Township, Huangjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mesoprote-

rozoic.

Baiyang Formation ( ) Wang Zhen, 1978, Memoirs of Nanking Institute of Geology and Palaeontology of

Academia Sinica, (9), Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by No.3 Element of Hubei Petroleum Geology Team Baiyang in Jianghan Basin, Hubei Province Palaeogene.

Baiyang Formation () Baiyang Subformation Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1989,

Regional Geology of Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 25. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by West-Qingling Team of Gansu Integrated Geology Team Baiyang in West Qinling, Gansu Province The local formation above the Yangba Group, for volcanic rocks Mesoproterozoic. Baiyang Limestone () See Peiya Formation. Baiyanggou Formation ( )

No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingliang Sheet Baiyanggou in Tataizi, Pingliang County, Gansu Province Early Cambrian.

Baiyanggou Group () No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Geological Information

of Science and Technology of Northwest China, (3): 32-46. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Yang Guangzhong Baiyanggou in Qiqing Township, Sunan County, Gansu Province For diamictite, clastics and limestone Sinian. Baiyanghe Formation () Sun C C, 1942, Geological Review, 7(1-3): 20 Baiyanghe in Yumen City, western Gansu Province For red clay stone Palaeogene.

Baiyanghe Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team and No.213 Shanxi Geology Team,

1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen, Qinyuan

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Sheet Baiyanghe close to Junzhaigou, Huo County, Shanxi Province A component formation within the middle part of the Taiyueshan Group, for gneiss, leucogranulite and chorismite Archean. Baiyashan Formation () No.713 Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ninghua Sheet Baiyashan in Julan, Ningtai County, Fujian Province For purplish red conglomerate, sandstone and siltstone Early Cretaceous. Baiyaya Formation () Xiang Liwen, Lin Baoyu, Nan Renshan, 1963, Handbook of Fossils of Qinling, Beijing: Chinese Industry Press Baiyaya in Mingzhu area, Langao County, Shaanxi Province For bioclastic limestone and calcareous sandstone Early-Mid

Silurian.

Baiyigou Formation () Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No. 202 Geology Team, Sichuan Bureau of Geology Baiyigou in Zhanwa Township, Nuo’ergai County, Sichuan Province For metamorphic conglomerate, grave-bearing sandstone, greywacke and siliceous slate Sinian-Silurian. Baiyinbaolage Formation ( ) Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bayan Obo Sheet Baiyinbaolage close to Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For quartzite, metamorphic silicalite, muddy slate and siliceous slate Neoproterozoic. Baiyin Bologai Formation ( ) Berkey C P, Granger W, Morris F K, 1928, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 39(1): 214; 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., (385): 4 Baiyin Bologai located 60 km northwest of former Shalamulun Early Cretaceous. Baiyinchang Formation ( ) Baiyinchang Volcanics Formation Editorial Commission on Geology of China

& Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 151, chart 36. First appeared in a manuscript by Song Shuhe, which published in “Acta Geologica Sinica, 1959, 39(2): 135-146” later Baiyinchang close to Lanzhou City, Gansu Province For green phyllite intercalated with metamorphic andesite, greywacke and marble Devonian. Baiying Formation () Zhou Shiquan, Han Shijing, Zhang Yongcai, 1979, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (1): 43-55 Baiying in Xichuan County, Henan Province For grayish white mudstone intercalated with purplish red mudstone Palaeocene.

46

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Baiyong Formation () Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baiyong in Derong County, Sichuan Province For grayish green, purplish red tuffaceous slate and volcanics Early Triassic. Baiyu Diamictite () Baiyu Till Li Jijun et al., 1979, Science in China, 4(6) Baiyu village in Bowo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene. Baiyugou Group () Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luanchuan Sheet Baiyugou in Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For siliceous bands-bearing dolomite Mesoproterozoic. Baiyu Mt. Formation () Zhang Zonghu et al., 1987, Acta Geologica Sinica, 61(4): 368-369 Baiyu Mt. in Shaanxi Province For loess intercalated with pink paleosol and silty layers Pleistocene.

Baiyun Formation () Hsieh C Y, Kou W K, Wang C H, 1942, Provisional Report of Former Section of Mineral Resources Survey, (1) Baiyu Temple in Mugulan, Midu County, Yunnan Province Mid Triassic. Baiyunfeng Formation () Wang Yushuo, Sun Jianzhong, 1980, Jilin Geology, (3) Baiyunfeng near Tianchi lake of Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province For trachytic pumice Holocene. Baiyunhu Formation () Chi Peixing, Luan Hengyan, Liu Mingwei, Xu Lijun, 1994, Geology of Shan-

dong, (10), supplement. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by No.1 Shandong Geology Team Baiyunhu in Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province Holocene.

Baiyunshan Formation () No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fangshankou Sheet Baiyunshan in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For purplish red and dark gray siltstone intercalated with limestone Late Ordovician Invalid substitute name: Baiyunobo Formation (named by Zhu Ciying in “Stratigraphical Lexicon of China—The Ordovician System”, 1996). Baiyunsi Formation () Hsieh C Y, Kou W K, Wang C H, 1942, Provisional Report of Former Section of Mineral Resources Survey, (1) Baiyunsi in Mugulan, Midu County, Yunnan Province Homonym: Baiyunsi Subgroup.

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Baiyunsi Subgroup () Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Dong Weiping, chief edi-

tor), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (52), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guizhou Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 9 Baiyunsi in Fanjingshan, Guizhou Province A subgroup of Fanjingshan Group, composed of Taojinhe Formation, Yujiagou Formation, Xiaojiahe Formation (1) and Huixiangping Formation Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Baiyunsi Formation. Baiyushan Formation ()

Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Wang Haipeng Baiyushan in Yamansu area, Hami County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For sandstone, limestone Early Carboniferous.

Baiyushan Group () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1993, Regional Geology of

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 21 Baiyushan in Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For schist, quartzite, gneiss and marble Mesoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Baizhaoshan Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yicheng, Sui County Sheet Baizhaoshan, Hubei Province For a formation within the Suixian Group Neoproterozoic.

Baizhi Formation () Yang Zhensheng, Li Shuxun, Ji Shukai, et al., 1982, in Treatise on Tectonic Geol-

ogy, II, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by North Shanxi Iron Mine Team Baizhi village, south of Taipinggou village, Fanshi County, Shanxi Province A component formation within the Taihuai Formation, for metamorphic iron-bearing quartzose schist Archean. Baizhu Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Sanjiang Sheet The station of Baizhu close to Lindong

in Antai Township, Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gravel-bearing schist, chlorite schist, phyllite, calcareous schist and marble Neoproterozoic.

48

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Baizitian Formation () Baizitian Group Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baizitian village in Qinghe Township, Yanbian County, Sichuan Province For dark gray muddy limestone intercalated with carbonaceous limestone and fine-grained sandstone Early-Mid Silurian The new name of original Shimenkan Formation.

Baizuo Formation () Yang Shengwu, Jiang Chaoyang, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Duyun Sheet Baizuo located 5 km southeast of Pingwu and 43 km south of Guiding County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of dolomite and dolomitic limestone Carboniferous.

Baizushan Formation () No.712 Team of Guangdong Bureau of Geology, 1959, Geological Science and Technology Information, (10) Baizushan in Kaiping County, Guangdong Province For parti-coloured coarse-grained clastics and volcanic clastics, an alternation of sandstone and shale Mid Triassic.

Bajiagou Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 23 Bajiagou in Hebi County, Henan Province For parti-coloured mudstone intercalated with siltstone and sandstone lenticle Neogene. Bajianfang Speleothem ( ) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1989, Regional Geology of

Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 309 Bajianfang in Lingyuan County, Liaoning Province Speleothem Pleistocene. Bajiaokou Formation ( ) Fu Lipu, Song Lisheng, 1983, Bulletin of Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 6: 1-18 Baijiaokou village in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of black carbonaceous slate, siliceous slate and tuffaceous slate Silurian.

Bajiaoqing Formation ( ) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wenshan Sheet Bajiaoqing in Wenshan County, Yunnan Province Early Devonian.

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Bajiutang Formation () Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Contribution to the Geol-

ogy of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 120 Bajiutang in Longbuxue area, Langkazi County, Tibet Autonomous Region The component formation within the Zhela Group, for grayish green, grayish black siliceous shale and siltstone, quartzose sandstone and sandy shale Mid-Late Jurassic. Baka Formation () Han Tonglin, 1983, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baka located at northern Tibet Autonomous Region Early Jurassic.

Bakalehe Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Bakalehe River in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brownish yellow conglomerate intercalated with muddy sandstone, alternating beds of blackish gray mudstone, marl and sandstone, the upper part is composed of brownish red, brownish yellow conglomerate intercalated with particoloured mudstone and quartzose sandstone Late Permian.

Bakan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Bakan in Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Palaeogene.

Baledi’ertage Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by No.2 Team of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Baledi’ertage in eastern Kuokesale Mountain of Aheqike, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For shales, sandstones and conglomerate intercalated with limestone Early Permian. Bali Basalt () Liu Eryi, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jingyu Sheet Bali in Jinyu County, Jilin Province For basalt Pleistocene. Bali Formation () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yudu Sheet Bali in Xiaoxi Township, Yudu County, Jiangxi Province For rhythmic beds of gray quartzose greywacke, sandy slate and phyllite Sinian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Balinqiao Formation ( ) No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Aohan Sheet Balinqiao in Jianping County, Liaoning Province For brown slate, schist, gneiss intercalated with marble Early

Silurian.

Baliqliq Limestone () Beleklik Formation (Norin E, 1935), geographic name Baliqliq was Romanized as Baliklik or Beliklik by the French (LSI) Grober Paul, 1914, Pencks Geogr. Abh., Bd. 10, 104. Leipzig und Berlin Baliqliq in western Kalpin County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For black, dark gray massive limestone intercalated with gray and black calcareous shales Early Permian.

Baliu Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1993, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baliu in Xiamidi, Mojiang County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of dolomitic limestone, siliceous limestone, black siltstone and mudstone intercalated with silicic rock Early Permian. Baliwan Formation () Chang L S, 1967 (?) Baliwan close to the village of Takangkou, Hualien County, Taiwan Province For turbidite Miocene.

Baliya Formation () Zhang Huimin, Zhang Wenzhi, 1984, in International Exchanges for Earth Sci-

ence, (1): 151-160. First appeared in a manuscript by Li Quan & Leng Jian, which was published by Tianjin Science and Technology Press in 1987 Baliya located at the boundary between Xinshan and Xianshui of Shennongjia Foresty Area, Hubei Province A component formation within the Macao Subgroup, for dolomitic conglomerate Neoproterozoic.

Balonggonga’er Group ( ) Qaidam Petroleum Geological Survey Team, 1963, Outline of Stratigraphy in

Qilian, Altun and Kunlun Mountains, in Contribution to Academic Reports of AllChina Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Balonggonga’er in South Qilian Mountain, Qinghai Province For clastic rocks Early Silurian.

Balongmahai Formation ( ) Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China, Beijing: Science Press Balongmahai in eastern Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province Pleistocene.

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Bamudi Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaomi, Qingdao, Lingshan Sheet Bamudi in Fengcheng Township, Jimo City, Shandong Province For basic volcanic rocks Early Cretaceous. Banba Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxiang, Chongzuo, Dongxing, Youyiguan Sheet Banba in Fangcheng City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For volcanic rock composed of rhyolitic porphyry, tuffite, perlite intercalated with mudstone Mid Triassic. Banbidian Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin Regional Stratigraphic Scale,

1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale: Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Banbidian in Hebei Province Early Permian. Banbingzhai Formation ( ) Wu Genyao, 2000, Orogen-Stratigraphy, Urumqi: Xinjiang Science, Technology and Health Press; Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 131. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript of graduation thesis by Song Shuangmao Banbingzhai in Lancang County, Yunnan Province For a component formation within the Lancang Group Neoproterozoic. Banbujialaga Formation ( ) No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kaiyuan Sheet Banbujialaga in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks intercalated with sandstones Permian. Bancheng Formation () Zhong Keng, Kuang Guodun, 1992, Stratigraphy of Guangxi, II, Guangxi Institute of Geology Bancheng in Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Consists of gray thin-bedded siliceous rock, muddy siliceous rock, siliceous shale and mudstone Early Permian.

Banchengzi Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglong Sheet Banchengzi in Miyun County, Beijing Municipality A local formation in Miyun Group Archean. Bandaojing Limestone (  ) Wang Yuelun, 1960, Geological Review, 20(5): 191-197 Bandaojing in Guankou Town, Dengfeng County, Henan Province Limestone Early Cambrian Synonym of Chushatung Limestone.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Bandingtaolegai Formation () Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hariaoribuge Sheet Bandingtaolegai in Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Yellowish green, grayish green muddy slate, silicic slate intercalated with silicic rock Early Silurian.

Banfanggou Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin, chief editor), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 41. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by No. 4 Jilin Geology Team Banfanggou in Toudao Town, Ji’an County, Jilin Province For siliceous banded marble Palaeoproterozoic. Bangchuigou Formation (!) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shulan Sheet Bangchuigou in Shulan County, Jilin Province For gray, grayish green sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and coal seams Palaeogene.

Bangda Formation (") Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chagyab Sheet Bangda in Basu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a part of Kagong Group, for phyllite and slate Carboniferous.

Bangdila Group (" ) Chowdhury, 1973 (?) Bangdila in Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For green schist Sinian-Cambrian.

Bangecuo Formation ( ) Li Pu, 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Bangecuo, Tibet Autonomous Region Jurassic or Cretaceous.

Bangehu Formation ( ) Lin Baoyu, 1984, The Silurian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript “Brief Introduction on Stratigraphy of Tibet” by Zhen Yirui Bangehu in the west of Mugagangri, Tibet Autonomous Region For clastic rocks Late Permian.

Banggui Formation (") No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet Banggui in Zhongza area, Batang County, Sichuan Province For gray, gayish black limestone, marls and dolomite intercalated with clastics Early Ordovician.

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Banglang Shale (#) Yin T H, 1937, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 17 (3/4): 294 Banglang in Luxi County, northwestern Yunnan Province For shale Late Triassic. Bangta Group (!) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Bangta located northeast of Jintang, Kangding County, Sichuan Province For quartzose sandstone, phyllite and dolomite Devonian.

Bangzicuo Beds ($ ) Li Pu, 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Bangzicuo in lakes area, Tibet Autonomous Region For red beds Cretaceous. Banjiegou Formation ( ) No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jiuquan Sheet Banjiegou in Jiuquan City, Gansu Province Early Silurian. Banjiuguan Formation (%) Lin Baoyu, Nan Runshan, 1963, Handbook of Fossils of Qinling, Beijing: Chinese Industry Press Banjiuguan in Huishuiwan Town, Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of black thin-bedded sandstone, sandy slate and slate Early Silurian. Bankeng Formation ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang, ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 110. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript “1:50 000 Regional Geology Survey” by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Bankeng in Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province For gray slate intercalated with sandstone Ordovician. Banlashan Formation () Gu Zhiwei, 1982, Science in China, B: Chemistry, (1). First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Wang Wuli et al. Banlashan in Liaoning Province Early Cretaceous Banlashan Formation is form of the lithostratigraphic unit with biostrati-

graphic meaning.

Banlingcun Member () Banlingcun Beds Mo C S, To H L, 1943, Special Report of Geological Survey of Kwangtung and Kwangsi, (1): 51-62 Banlingcun northeast of Lian County, Guangdong Province A member within the lower part of the Lienhsien Formation, for limestone intercalated with sandstone and shale Early Carboniferous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Banmandaodi Formation () Duan Yanxue, Li Dingrong, Leng Chonglin, 1974, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Yunnan, (2): 7-16 Banmandaodi close to Alengchu village located at the bank of Jinsha River, Lijiang County, Yunnan Province For

gray shale, sandstone intercalated with limestone, silicic rocks and conglomerate

Early-Mid Devonian.

Banmiaogou Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 123 Banmiaogou in Baoqing County, Heilongjiang Province Dealing with a formation which contains “Banmiaogou Limestone” Post Carboniferous Homonymous with Banmiaogou Limestone.

Banmiaogou Limestone () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 123 Banmiaogou in Baoqing County, Heilongjiang Province For the only coral-bearing limestone of olistolite within the Banmiaogou Formation Late Carboniferous. Homonym: Banmiaogou Formation. Banna Formation ( )

No.5 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qiubei Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Lu Zhongqiu & Cai Peimao Banna in Lanmu Xu, Donglan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Composed mainly of mudstone intercalated with siltstone and fine-grained sandstone Mid Triassic. Banong Formation (& ) Han Tonglin, 1983, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Banong in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Cretaceous.

Banpo Formation () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House For the Banpo-cultural-remains-bearing deposits Holocene Banpo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with archaeostratigraphic meaning.

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Banpocun Formation () The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Acade-

my of Sciences, 2000, Geological Evolution of the Karakorum-Kunlun Mountain, Beijing: Science Press, 24 The village of Banpocun in the west of Yunnan Province Mid Ordovician. Banqiao Formation () Banqiao Slate Xia Bangdong, 1962, Journal of Nanking University, (Geology) Banqiao in Qimen County, Anhui Province For dark gray, grayish green phyllite, slate intercalated with lenticle of limestone Presinian.

Banshan Conglomerate () Banshan Volcanic Conglomerate Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press Banshan in northeast of Dabie Mountain, Anhui Province For volcanic conglomerate Mesozoic (?).

Banshan Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 104 The Banshan Reservoir in Ningyuan County, Hunan Province For light purplish red quartzose sandstone, muddy siltstone intercalated with sandy shale Early Devonian. Banshi Formation (') Banshi Group Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xunwu Sheet Banshi in Anyuan County, Jiangxi Province For parti-coloured gravel-bearing sandstone intercalated with green mudstone, shale and oil shale Late Jurassic.

Banshidingzi Formation () Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.203 Jilin Coalfield Geology Team Banshidingzi in Shuangyang County, Jilin Province For light metamorphic conglomerate, siltstone intercalated with volcanic clastics Early Jurassic. Banshishan Formation () Yan Zhubin, 1985, Geological Review, 31(2): 101-110. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.6 Team of Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, who cooperated with Joint-Survey Team of Minor Qinling Mineral Resources Banshishan in Shaanxi Province Archean.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Bantang Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hefei Sheet and Dingyuan Sheet Bantang in Chaohu City, Anhui Province For gray dolomite intercalated with lateritic red, yellowish brown iron-bearing dolomite with intercalating beds of chert-bands Early-Mid Cambrian Synonymous with Paotaishan Formation.

Banyukou Formation () Banyukou Member Chen Boyan, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Banyukou in Fuping County, Hebei Province For alternating beds of quartz schist, marble and schist, locally as a member of Shitsui Formation in Wutai Group Archean.

Banzifang Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 200 Banzifang in Binxian County, Heilongjiang Province For volcanic rocks intercalated with volcanic clastics Early Cretaceous. Baoban Group () Zhao Hong, 1964, Collection to Abstracts of the Conference on Special Subject of Geological Society of China Baoban in Dongfang County, Hainan Province For the sum of Gezhencun Formation and Ewenling Formation Mesoproterozoic.

Baoding Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baoding in Dukou City, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of grayish green quartzose sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Late Triassic Synonym: Daqing Formation.

Baofengzhai Member ( ) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan, ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 129 Baofengzhai in Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province For grayish white, pink dolomite Mesoproterozoic. Baogedawula Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baogedawula in Abag Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For lateritic red sandy mudstone, sandstone and con-

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glomerate intercalated with calcareous nodule and fresh water limestone Pliocene Synonym: Shangdu Formation. Baogutu Formation ( ) No.5 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Karamay Sheet Baogutu in Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish black tuffaceous sandstone, mudstone and tuffite Early-Mid Carboniferous.

Baohuoyan Formation () Jin Chuntai, Ye Shaohua, Jiang Xinsheng, Li Yuwen, Yu Hongjin, He Yuanxi-

ang, Yi Yongen, Pan Yuntang, 1989, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (11) Baohuoyan between the brook of Longdanxi and Maliuqiao East of Erlang Mountain, western Sichuan Province For limestone and marl intercalated with mudstone; dolomitic limestone sand-bearing dolomite; crystalline limestone Mid Silurian. Baoji Group () Han Tonglin, 1983, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baoji in Tibet Autonomous Region Late

Cretaceous.

Baojiaocun Formation () Ni Shizhao et al., 1992, in Wang Xiaofeng ed., 1992, Geology of Hainan Island

(1), Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Chen Zhepei Baojiaocun village close to the Baoguo farm, Ledong County, Hainan Province For quartzose sandstone and slate Ordovician. Baojiatun Formation () Baojiatun Fossil-bearing Shale Beds Yang Xuechang, Li Baoxian, Li Wenben,

et al., 1978, Journal of Stratigraphy, 2(2): 130-145. First appeared in a manuscript by Northeast Bureau of Coalfield Geology Baojiatun, 10 km southwest of Jiaohe County, Jilin Province A component formation within the middle part of Lafa Group, for alternating beds of black sandy shale and yellow sandstone Late Cretaceous. Baojing Formation ()

Yang Jialu, 1978, Mid, Upper Cambrian Series and Trilobite Fauna of Western

Hunan and Southeast Guizhou, in Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (4), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baoqing County in Hunan Province Mid Cambrian Baojing Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Baolinchong Formation ( ) Luo Haiyan, 1994, Hunan Geology, 13(2): 69-70 Baolinchong close to Jianzhouwu in Cangshuipu Township, Yiyang County, Hunan Province For volcanic agglomerate, volcanic breccia and volcaniclastic rocks Neoproterozoic.

Baomihe Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Ge-

ology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 204 Baomihe in Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province For volcanic rocks and tuffite intercalated with normal sedimentary clastic rocks Early Cretaceous. Baomoshan Formation ( ) Baomoshan Member Wu Wangshi, Zhang Linxin, et al., 1979, On the Up-

per Carboniferous Series and Its Upper Boundary of Pu’an and Qinglong, Guizhou Province, in Carbonate Biostratigraphy of the Area of Southwest China, Beijing: Science Press Baomoshan located 2 km east of Longyin Township, Pu’an County, Guizhou Province For brown quartzose sandstone and limestone intercalated with shale and marl Early Permian. Baoqing Member ( )

Zhao Jinke, Liang Xiluo, Zheng Shuoguan, 1978, Late Permian Cepholopoda of South China, Beijing: Science Press Baoqing in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province For limestone Late Permian Baoqing Member is the form of lithos-

tratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Baoquan Formation ( )

Chen Qiying, 1963, in Sun Shu et al., 1963, Reports of Integrated Expedition

to the Heilongjiang River Valley, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing: Science Press Baoquan, southeast of the village of Chenming, Hegang City, Heilongjiang Province Late Paleozoic.

Baoquangou Formation ( ) No. 1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Xie Guisheng et al.), 1983,

Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet, Huma Sheet Baoquangou in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For greenish gray, grayish black slate, siltstone, quartzose sandstone intercalated with limestone Early Devonian. Baoquanling Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by No.109 Geology

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Team, Fuel Department of Heilongjiang Province Baoquanling located at western Three Rivers Plain, Heilongjiang Province For gray, grayish green mudstone intercalated with siltstone and sand-bearing conglomerate Eocene. Baoshankou Formation () Baoshankou Slate intercalated with phosphate No.2 Regional Geological Survey Team of Changchun College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yantai, Rushan, Laiyang Sheet Baoshankou in Qixia County, Shandong Province For purple slate Neoproterozoic. Baoshekou Formation ( ) Qin Feng, Gan Yiyan, 1976, Acta Geologica Sinica, 50(1): 74-79. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Northwest Institute of Geological Sciences Baoshekou located at the right bank of the Taohe River, 46 km northeast of Zhuoni County, Gansu Province For dark gray calcareous conglomerate, intercalated with lenticle of argillaceous limestone, dark gray muddy siltstone incalated with sandy limestone and sandstone, quartzose conglomerate intercalated with sandstone Early Carboniferous. Baoshi Formation (1) (  1) Li Jianhai, Wang Guoping, Zheng Tiefan, Liang Sijing, 1994, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 325-347 Baishi in Taining County, Fujian Province For green schist intercalated with quartzite and marble Sinian Homonym: Baoshi Formation (2).

Baoshi Formation (2) (  2) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tuquanxian Sheet Baoshi in Tuquan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Jurassic Homonymous with Baoshi Formation (1). Baoshuping Formation () Jin Shouwen, Zhang Yi, et al., 1973, Geological Information of Henan, (1). First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Baoshuping in Xiaxian County, Henan Province For quartzose schist intercalated with mica schist Palaeozoic. Baotahe Formation ( ) Zhang Zhenlai, Meng Fansong, 1987, Biostratigraphy of the Three Gorges Area of the Yangtze River (4): Triassic-Jurassic, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baotahe in Badong County, Hubei Province For the middle part of Patung Formation Mid Triassic. Baotashan Member ( ) Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1980, Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Basin (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Baotashan in Yan’an City, northern Shaanxi Province

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

For grayish white, yellowish gray, pink sandstone intercalated with shale Jurassic.

Baotege Formation ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team (Jiang Haoxian et al.),

1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chaganhada Sheet

Baotege, south of Mandalt Sum, Darhan Muminggan Joint-Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of sandy limestone, argillaceous

limestone and sandstone, intercalated with conglomerate and limestone lenticles

Early Permian Synonymous with Hugete Formation.

Baotouhe Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 73. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Baotouhe in Macheng County, Hubei Province For a local component formation within Tapei Complex Archean. Baowan Formation  () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhang Lixu Baowan, Shanrong Township, Ledong County, Hainan Province For purple, gray conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Early Cretaceous. Baoxiangsi Formation ( ) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lanping Sheet Baoxiangsi in Jianchuan County, Yunnan Province For conglomerate and quartzose sandstone Eocene.

Baoyintu Group ( ) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 41 Baoyintu located at the western Langshan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Composed of quartzite, quartzose schist intercalated with marl and marble Palaeoproterozoic Synonym: Xilin Hot Complex. Baoyue Formation ( ) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 246 Baoyue in Sanshui County, Guangdong Province For an alternation of purplish gray sandy conglomerate and mudstone Eocene.

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Baozi Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongbai Sheet Baozi in Tongbai County, Henan Province Palaeoproterozoic.

Baozidong Diamictite ( ) Baozidong Moraine and Glaciofluvial Sediments Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanation of 1:1 500 000 Scale Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 14, 23, 71 Baozidong located at the western bank of Awa River in northwest margin of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brown boulder layers, and lacustrine mudstone, sandy mudstone and siltstone Pleistocene.

Bapanzhai Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 181 Bapanzhai in southeastern Yunnan Province For both Niaoke Formation and Falang Formation Late Triassic. Baping Formation ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yin Baoan, ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (45), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 140. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Baping street in Mangchang Township, Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For dark gray limestone intercalated with siliceous bands Late Carboniferous.

Baqi Formation () Bai Shunliang, Ning Zongshan, Jin Shanyu, 1979, Bulletin of Peking University (Natural Science), (4)  Baqi village, northwest of Dale Township, Xiangzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For pellet limestone intercalated with alternation of micrite, tentaculatid-bearing limestone and muddy siltstone MidLate Devonian.

Bari’alangzhai Member () Yang Shipu, Fan Yingnian, 1982, The Characters of Carboniferous and Bio-

fauna in Xainza District, Tibet, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (10), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 46-69 Bari’alangzhai in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red, purplish gray and yellow argillaceous limestone Early Carboniferous Bari’alangzhai Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Baron Sog Formation ( ) Berkey C P, Morris F K, 1927, Geology of Mongolia, A reconnaissance report

based on the investigations of the years 1922–1923, Natural History of Central Asia, vol. 2 Baron Sog Sum in the west of Salamulun River, Ulan Qab League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For brown sands and clay Oligocene. Barundele Formation () Li Wenguo, 1988, Silurian Biostratigraphy of Inner Mongolia, in Professional Papers of Geology and Palaeontology, (21): 180-192 Barundele in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mid-Late Silurian.

Basch-Sugun Formation () Basch-Sugun Limestone Krenkel E,1913, Abh. d. k. bayer. Acad. d. Wiss., math.-phys.Kl., Bd.26, Abt.8, 1-44. Adopted after Grober’s letter Basch-Sugun located 78 km northeast of Kashi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone Early Carboniferous.

Bashan Formation () Zeng Liangkui, Wu Rongsen, et al., 1992, Cambrian Lithofacies Paleogeogra-

phy and Sedimentary Strata-bound Mineral Deposit in Sichuan Province, Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press Bashan Mountain, Sichuan Province Early Cambrian Bashan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with nonlithostratigraphic meaning. Bashangou Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ankang Sheet Bashangou in Shaanxi Province Early Carboniferous. Bashibulake Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Ma Kulin Bashibulake in Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For red, dark red mudstone, sandy mudstone intercalated with sandstone and gypsum Eocene-Oligocene. Bashikaogong Group () Bashiku’ergan Group (Zhang Ledao, 1985) No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Feng Mingdao et al.), 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bashikaogong Sheet Bashikaogong in Sulamuning Mountain of Western Altun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gneiss, micaquartz schist intercalated with marble and quartzite, included Zhasikansaihe Formation, Hongliuquan Formation and Beiketan Formation Mesoproterozoic Synonym: Bashiku’ergan Group.

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Bashiku’ergan Group () See Bashikaogong Group. Bashilixiaohe Formation ( ) No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team & Su Yangzheng, 1975, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Northeast China Bashilixiaohe south of Woduhe River, Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For yellowish greywacke, sandstone intercalated with volcanics Mid Silurian Bashilixiaohe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Bashiqichiq Formation ( ) Geographic name Bashqichiq was Romanized as Bachetszitsike by the French (LSI) Huang T K, Young C C, Cheng Y C, Chow T C, Bien M N, Weng W P, 1947, Report on Gelogical Investigation of Some Oil-fields in Sinkiang, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, series A, (21): 60 Bashiqichiq located 55 km north of Kuqa County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Included Taglag Group and Yingwoshan Group Cretaceous The stratigraphic classification and nomenclature of this formation did not conform to the rules of the code of the stratigraphic nomenclature. The subdivision components of the Bashiqichiq Formation must be degraded to a lower rank than the Bashiqichiq Formation. Basi’ergan Formation () Zhang Zhimin, Wu Shaozu, 1991, Permian, in The Palaeozoic of Xinjiang [Summary on Stratigraphy of Xinjiang (II-1)], Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House Basi’ergan in western Awulale Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brown, yellow, red, purple and grayish green conglomerate intercalated with sandstone, mudstone, limestone and coal seams Late Triassic. Basitawu Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Basitawu in Fuyun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red limestone, parti-coloured tuffaceous sandstone, volcanic breccia and calcareous conglomerate intercalated with limestone and magnetite lenticle Mid Ordovician.

Basuo Formation ( ) Xue Wanjun, 1983, Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, (3) Basuo in Dongfang County, Hainan Province For yellow, brownish yellow sand and gravel layers, sand and clayey mixed sand Pleistocene. Batamayineishan Formation () Li Qixin et al.,1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kupu Sheet Batamayineishan in Kupu Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

volcanic lava, tuffite and volcanic breccia Late Carboniferous. Batang Group ( ) Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Wenquan Sheet Batang in Zhiduo County, Qinghai Province Composed of clastic rocks, volcanic rocks and carbonate rocks Late Triassic.

Bate’aobao Formation ( ) Li Wenguo, 1983, Regional Geology of China, (4): 52-62 Bate’aobao in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Silurian Bate’aobao Formation is the form

of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Batogka Diamictite ()

Batogka Tillite Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Re-

gional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House,258. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by No.8 Element of Geological Survey Team of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources Batogka in Qingduo, Bomi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For yellow gravel bed Pleistocene. Bawang Member (& ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yin Baoan, ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (45), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 149 Bawang in Hechi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region A component member within the upper part of the Sidazhai Formation, for gravelly limestone Early Permian.

Bawangzhai Limestone (() Geographic name Bawangzhai was Romanized as Bavantchjai by the French (LSI) Wang Yu, Cao Guoquan, Wang Shui, in Sun Dianqing, Zhou Guang, Huang Xiaokui, Duan Wanti, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(1): 25-29, fig. 2 Bawang-

zhai (hill), northwest of Bawangzhuang, north of Mashenqiao, Ji County, Tianjin Municipality For a limestone in the upper of Kaoyuchuang Limestone Proterozoic. Bawei Formation ( )

Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources & Sichuan Regional Geo-

logical Survey Team, 1992, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (16). First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by No.3 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Bawei in Minglang Township, Yongde County, Yunnan Province For dolomite and dolomitic limestone Early Triassic.

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Baxian Formation () Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingan-Anlong Sheet Baxian village located south of Liuma District, Zhenning County, Guizhou Province For gray tuffaceous scraps

of basalt-bearing sandstone intercalated with bioclastic limestone, brownish yellow sandstone with interbeds of claystone Late Permian.

Baxianjie Formation ( ) Commission on the Geological Map of China (1:5 000 000), Ministry of Geology

and Mineral Resources, People’s Republic of China, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:5 000 000 Scale Geological Map of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 19. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Baxianjie in Dabashan Mountain, Sichuan Province Late Cambrian. Baxiangling Formation ()

No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet Baxiangling in Sichuan Province Early Carboniferous Baxiangling Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic

unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Baxigai Formation ()

Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Xinjiang Department of Petroleum Geology Survey Baxigai located west of the River of Kapushaliang, Baicheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Pink, light brown sandstone with intercalation of brown mudstone Early Cretaceous.

Baxoi Formation ( ) Chen Jinhua, 1983, Chinese Science Bulletin, (19) Baxoi in Bangoin County, Tibet Autonomous Region For conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone Early Cretaceous.

Bayangdi Formation () No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qijiang Sheet Bayangdi in Bowo Township, Muli County, Sichuan Province Clastics with beds of volcanics Early Carboni-

ferous.

Bayan Har Group () Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for

1:1 000 000 Geological Map: Yushu Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology The Mount Bayan Har in Qinghai Province Slate Triassic Synonym of Hsikang Group.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Bayan Hua Shan Formation ( ) Baiyanhuashan Formation Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, Xu Changcheng, 1984, Geological Review, 30 (2): 95-105 The hill of Bayan Hua in Shetai Town, Urad Qian Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Thick-bedded limestone and knotty limestone intercalated with flint bands Mid Ordovician Bayan Hua Shan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Bayanhushu Formation (  ) Nan Runshan, Guo Shengzhe, et al., 1992, Paleozoic Biostratigraphy and Paleogeophysics in Geosynclinal Area of Inner Mongolia and Northeast China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Bayanhushu, north of Bayan Bulug Sum, Sonid Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Metamorphic mudstone, siltstone, quartzose sandstone and slate, intercalated with limestone lenticle Mid Ordovician. Bayan Obo Group () Bayan Obo Series Li Yuying, Weng Lixun, He Yuejiao, 1957, Acta Geologica Sinica, 37(3): 241-256 Bayan Obo in Darhan Muminggan Joint-Banner, Ulanqab League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Quartzite, slate, phyllite limestone

and dolomite, composed of Dulahala Formation, Jianshan Formation (1), Halahuogete Formation, Bilute Formation, Baiyinbaolage Formation, Ayadeng Formation, Alahuduge Formation and Ailigeng Formation Proterozoic.

Bayansipie Formation ( ) Bainsipie Formation, geographic name Bayansipie was Romanized as Bain-sibe by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 133, chart 31. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by Li Pu & Yuan Qilin Bayansipie in Alxa Area, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region The component formation within the Bayansipie Group, for alternating beds of quartzite and slate, parti-coloured slate intercalated with limestone and crystalline limestone Sinian Homonym: Bayansipie Group. Bayansipie Group ( ) Geographic name Bayansipie was Romanized as Bain-sibe by the French (LSI) Zhu Xiangkui, 1965, Contribution to the Field Symposium on the Sinian System in Jixian, Tianjin, 159 Bayansipie in Alxa Area, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For the sum of Gonghudong Formation, Bayansipie Formation and Nanhuoxiu Formation Sinian Homonymous with Bayansipie Formation. Bayan Us Formation () Baiyun Usu Sandstone and Shale, geographic name Bayan Us was pronounced as Baiiounousou by the French (LSI) Guan Shicong, Che Shuzheng, 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica, 35(2): 95-108 Bayan Us in Zhuozishan of Otog Banner, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region An alternation of yelcowish green, grayish white sandstone and shale intercalated with conglomerate Permian.

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Baye Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menghai Sheet Baye in Yunnan Province For a component formation within the Lancang Group locally Neoproterozoic.

Bayikalatikan Formation ( ) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology

of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 179 Bayikalatikan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of yellowish red sandstone and sandy mudstone Early Permian.

Bayinbuluke Formation () No.11 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologic Map Bayinbuluke in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For extrusive rocks and tuffite, greywacke and quartzose sandstone, calcareous sandstone and limestone Late Silurian.

Bayingou Formation () Gao Zhisheng, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wusu Sheet Bayingou in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboni-

ferous.

Bayinhe Group () Bayinhe Series Fan Jiasong, Yin Jixiang, Ye Jixun, 1962, Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic Mollusca Fossils from Qilianshan, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing College of Geology ed., 1962, Geology of Qilianshan, 4(4):135-187 Bayinhe in Delingka, Qinghai Province For grayish black thin- to thick-beds limestone Early Permian.

Bayisi Formation () Geographic name Bayisi was Romanized as Beinsi by the French (LSI) Norin E, 1937, Geology of Western Quruq-tagh, Eastern Tien-shan, The Sino-Swedish Expedition Publ. 2, III:1 The dried valley of Bayisi located at Aletong Valley, Quruq-tagh, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For huge thick breccia complex Sinian.

Bazhukeng Formation (& ) Chen Siben, 1987, Regional Geology of China, (2): 178-181 Bazhukeng in Rao’er Township, Dexing City, Jiangxi Province A component formation within

the upper part of the Dengshan Group, for ash-bearing basalt with inter beds of lenticular lava Neoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Bazhulu Formation ( ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map:Dali Sheet Bazhulu in Weishan County, Yunnan Province For purplish red mudstone with interbeds of siltstone, quartzose sandstone, with grayish green, yellowish green and yellow calcareous lumps Late

Jurassic.

Begdoi Diamictite () Begdoi Till Pu Qingyu, 1982, Problems of Quaternary Geology in Tanggula Area along Qinghai-Tibet Highway, in Contribution to Geology of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Geological Publishing House For diamictite Pleistocene. Beianzhuang Member ( ) Beianzhuang Formation Chen Junyuan, Zou Xiping, 1975, Geological Information of Shandong, (3) Beianzhuang in Wennan, Xintai County, Shandong Province For the part of limestone belongs to the Arenig Epoch within Machiakou Limestone Early Ordovician Beianzhuang Member is the form of lithostratigraphic

unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Beiao Formation () Yin Jixiang, Guo Shizeng, 1979, Stratigraphy of Mt. Qomolangma and Its North Slope, and Discussion of the Comparation of Sinian, Cambrian, Carboniferous and Permian Systems with the Adjacent Area, in Scientific Expedition Team of Mt. Qomolangma, The Intergraded Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Mountaineering Team of China, 1979, Expedition Report of Mt. Qomolangma (1975), Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 23 Beiao in north slope of Mt. Qomolangma, Tibet Autonomous Region For biotite-quartzschist and phyllite Sinian-Cambrian. Beichuan Formation () Tong Zhengxiang et al., 1985, Journal of Stratigraphy, 9(1): 283-292 Beichuan County, Sichuan Province Early Carboniferous. Beidahe Group () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Beidahe close to Ge’ermogou south of Hexi Corridor, Nanshan Sectiony Gansu Province For metamorphic strata body Palaeoproterozoic. Beidajian Formation () Beidajian Beds Han Yingshan, Yan Lianquan, 1952, Report on Geology and

Mineral Resources of Western Henan, Kaifeng Element of Central-South Geological Survey Beidajian in Yiyang County, Henan Province For yellowish brown sandstone intercalated with brownish red, white quartzite and green shales Proterozoic.

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Beidashan Group () Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 10. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Beidashan located east of Alxa You Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Consists of gneiss, marble, schist and leptynite Mesoproterozoic. Beidaxing Formation ( ) North China Institute of Geological Sciences, 1965, The preliminary opinion on the reclassification of the Huto Group of Wutaishan Area, in Contribution to the Field Symposium on the Sinian System in Jixian, Tianjin, 137. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Bai Jin Beidaxing close to Dongye, Shanxi Province For lateritic red slate with interbeds of yellowish brown dolomite marble Proterozoic. Beidiaohuangzi Formation ( ) Changchun College of Geology, 1960, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huanren, Shuozhou Sheet Beidiaohuangzi in Taipingshao Township, 28 km northeast of Kuandian County, Liaoning Province For gneiss and leptynite Early Palaeozoic.

Beiguoshan Formation () Che Fuxin, 1963, Chinese Science Bulletin, (3) Beiguoshan in Lijiapo, Long County, Shaanxi Province For gray to pink limestone with interbeds of yellowish green shales and muddy gravels Late Ordovician. Beiji Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen Sheet and Qinyuan Sheet Beiji in Shanxi Province Pliocene. Beijian Formation () i. e. Peiching Limestone. Beijiangjun Formation ( ) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing Sheet Beijiangjun hill in Chuzhou City, Anhui Province The lower formation within the Changpaling Group, for dolomitic marble with interbeds of phyllite Palaeoproterozoic. Beijuntang Formation ( ) Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 166. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Beijuntang in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the lower part of the Qinzhou Formation Early Devonian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Beiketan Formation () No.2 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bashikaogong Sheet Beiketan in Hongliugou of Altun Mountain, Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, purplish red silcalite, siltstone and limestone Palaeoproterozoic.

Beikuang Formation ( ) No.2 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Boketu Sheet Beikuang in Heilongjiang Province Early Devonian.

Beikuanhe Formation () Sui Liancheng et al., 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Sandaoka Sheet and Baishilazi Sheet Beikuanhe in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province Composed of gray leptynite, schist and migmatite Neoproterozoic.

Beiliangshang Formation ( ) Beiliangshang Red Sandstone Wang Shouyi, 1988, in Wu Tieshan, Xiao Suzhen and Wang Shouyi ed., 1988, Lithostraigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Beiliangshang in Pingyuan County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the upper part of Tianchi Formation, for red sandstone with interbeds of mudstone Mid Jurassic.

Beiliu Formation () Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1965, Chinese Science Bulletin, (12) Beiliu County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For biolithite with interbeds of bioclas-

tic limestone, limestone and biolimestone, divided into Yarang Member, Guitang Member and Huangjingshan Member Mid Devonian. Beiluoshigou Formation ()

Luoshigou Formation Chen Tingen, 2000, in Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000, Geological Evolution of the Karakorum-Kunlun Mountains, Beijing: Science Press, 23 Northern Luoshigou, north of the mouth of Chagoukou, Pishan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish yellow and purple knotty limestone intercalated with marl Mid Ordovician Substitute name of Luoshigou Formation (1).

Beiluotai Formation () Wang Qichao, Zhang Shaoqing, Qi Honglie, Ren Shuxiang, 1995, Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources of North China, 19(1): 27-40. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Changchun College of Geology Beiluotai in Shuangshanzi, Qinglong County, Hebei Province The top formation within the Zhuzhangzi Group, for leptynite, schist and magnetic iron quartzite Archean.

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Beimen Member () Zhao Ruxuan, Qin Guorong, 1990, Journal of Stratigraphy, 14(1) Beimen in Lechang County, Guangdong Province For fine-grained quartzose sandstone with interbeds of muddy siltstone Late Devonian. Beimenxia Formation () Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, Integrated Team of Geology, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xining Sheet Beimenxia in Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province For grayish white-dark gray thickbeded dolomite and black phyllite Sinian. Beiqilianshan Group () Beiqilianshan Ophiolitic Melange Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Sun Congren ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (63), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Qinghai Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 332 Northern Qilianshan Mount, Sunan County, Gansu Province For ophiolitic melange Sinian-Mid Ordovician. Beisaina’ertage Formation ( ) Gao Zhenjia et al., 1980, Preliminary Classification and Correlation of the Qing-

baikou System in Xinjiang, in Collection of Papers of Geological Research in Xinjiang, Urumuqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Zhu Shuncheng Beisaina’ertage, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region The upper part of original Pa’ergangtage Group, for carbonite rocks Neoproterozoic Synonym:Beixingeertage Formation. Beishan Conglomerate () Noda M, 1952, Geology and Mineral Resources of Far East, Geogr. Soc. Tokyo, 2: 1-49 Beishan in the Xinglong Coalfield, Xinglong County, Hebei Province Conglomerate Early Permian Substitute name of Beishan Formation (1); Homonymous with Beishan Formation (1). Beishan Formation (1) ( 1) Minagawa N, 1941, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 48(570) Beishan in Xinglong Coalfield, Xinglong County, Hebei Province Coal measure Early Permian Homonym: Beishan Conglomerate, Beishan Formation (2), (3), (4), (5), Beishan

Group.

Beishan Formation (2) ( 2) Beishan Limestone Guo Zongshan, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 251252 Beishan, Gansu Province Siliceous limestone or marble Proterozoic Homonymous with Beishan Formation (1). Beishan Formation (3) ( 3) Yu Jianzhang, He Xinlu, Qiu Ganlin, Zhao Yiyang, Gong Nianzu,1958, Professional Collection of Basic Material of Geology of China, (4), Beijing: Geological

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Publishing House Beishan in Jinxian County, Liaoning Province Composed of shale, marls with interbeds of slate, limonite-bearing nodule Proterozoic Homonymous with Beishan Formation (1). Beishan Formation (4) ( 4) Changchun College of Geology, Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team and

No.102 Jilin Coal Field Team, 1977, Journal of Changchun College of Geology, (3): 56. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Xu Xinzhai Beishan close to Xiaohekou, Shiren Town, Hunjiang City, Jilin Province For the lower part of Xiaohekou Formation (2), composed of sandstone, siltstone, shale and coal seams Late Triassic Homonymous with Beishan Formation (1). Beishan Formation (5) ( 5) Zhao Xiangsheng et al., 1980, Sinian Till and Its Stratigraphical Significance in Northwest China Area, in Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 169 Beishan in Gansu Province Composed of two parts, the lower diamictite, the upper shales Sinian Homonymous with Beishan Formation (1). Beishan Group () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology

of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 13 Beishan Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region  For streaky migmatite, gneiss, schist, quartzite, metamorphic tuffaceous sandstone and tuffite Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Beishan Formation (1). Beishansi Formation () Chen Mingcan,1982, Preliminary Classification of Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qinghai, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Proceedings of National Conference on Quaternary Sciences, Beijing, Science Press, 23-30 Beishansi in Beishan, north of Xining City, Qinghai Province For grayish green muddy boulder (included Niangniangchi Diamictite, Beishansi Member and Loess) Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Beishansi Member. Beishansi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Beishansi Member () Chen Mingcan,1982, Preliminary Classification of Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qinghai, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Proceedings of National Conference on Quaternary Sciences, Beijing: Science Press, 23-30 Beishansi in Beishan, north of Xining City, Qinghai Province For a member in the same name of formation, sands and gravel Pleistocene Homonymous with Beishansi Formation.

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Beitashan Formation () Li Qixin, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kupu Sheet Beitashan in Zhalate, Fuyun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark gray tuffaceous breccia, tuffite, andesite Devonian. Beitongqigou Formation () Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Liu Fa et al. Beitongqigou in Dasuihe Township, Yongji County, Jilin Province For yellowish gray, Greenish gray siltstone and fine-grained quartzose sandstone Early Carboniferous. Beiwu Formation ( ) Bao Chaomin, 1994, Geology of Anhui, 4(1-2): 70-72. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team Beiwu village located at Fuyang City, Zhejiang Province For gravel-bearing tuffite Mesoproterozoic. Beixiangshan Formation ( ) Wu Qichu, Hu Cunli, Yang Wenfa, Mu Yuekong, Yu Zhilian, 1986, Bulletin of

Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Supplementary issues, no.2 (serial no.26). First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Ju Kuixiang. Ju Kuixiang’s paper was published in 1987 (Bulletin of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 8 (4): 33-34) Beixiangshan in Qixiashan, eastern Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For the upper constituent of the original Xiangshan Group, for red clastics Mid Jurassic.

Beixing Formation ( ) Zhang Hairi et al., 1982, Bulletin of Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (4) Beixing in Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province For yellowish brown tuffite, gray tuffaceous slate with interbeds of sandstone Early Carboniferous. Beixingeertage Formation () i.e. Beisaina’ertage Formation. Beixuehe Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by the Compiling Group for Daqing Stratigraphic Scale Beixuehe in Heilongjiang Province Late Cretaceous. Beiyangshan Formation () Ding Runjie, Xia Guoying, Li Li, Yu Ziguang, 1991, Bulletin of Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (24):

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

1-76 Beiyangshan (Beiyangpo) in Shaanxi Province For the lower constituent of the Yangshan Formation (2) Late Carboniferous. Beiyashan Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet Beiyashan in Wangwu Township, Jiyuan County, Henan Province Composed of quartzite, metamorphic conglomerate and quartzose sandstone Palaeoproterozoic.

Beiyuan Formation () Li Jijun et al., 1996, Science in China, D: Earth Sciences, 26(4): 316-322 Beiyuan in Linchuan County, Gansu Province For the loess on terrace surface Quaternary.

Beizhuang Beds ( ) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 158 Beizhuang in Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province For a strata body of siltstone in Shansi Formation locally Early Permian Homonymous with Beizhuang Formation.

Beizhuang Formation ( ) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team (Yang Binquan, Yong Yongyuan), 1972,

Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuncheng and Sanmenxia Sheet Beizhuang in Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province Inclusion-bearing gneiss Archean Homonym: Beizhuang Beds. Bejanho Formation ()

Bejanho Porphyry Series Norin E, 1935, in Teilhard de Chardin P, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol. 17, 194 Baiyanghe (Bejanho) located between Urumqi and Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For yellowish green mudstone, argillaceous siltstone intercalated with andesite Post Carboniferous to Pre-Jurassic.

Bejantura Limestone ( ) Norin E, 1941, The Sino-Swedish Expedition Publication, 16, III, Geology, (6), Stockholm Bejantura located south of Turpan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone Carboniferous.

Bengbu Formation (#) Jin Quan et al., 1990, Quaternary of the North Huaihe River Plain, Anhui Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Bengbu City, Anhui Province Composed of alternating beds of clay and clayly sands Holocene Homonym: Bengbu Group.

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Bengbu Group (#) Tu Yinjiu, 1992, Regional Geology of China, (3): 249. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Sang Baoliang Bengbu City, Anhui Province Archean Homonymous with Bengbu Formation.

Benpulong Formation () Ye Shida, Yang Tongshi, 1982, The Classification and Correlation of Middle Tri-

assic in Yushu District, Qinghai Province, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (10), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Benpulong in Qinghai Province Mid Triassic. Bentoushan Diamictite ()

Bentoushan Till Zhang Zonghu, Shao Shixiong, Liu Haikun, 1991, in Zhang

Zonghu ed., 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 86

Bentoushan located at the pass of Mount Kunlun, Qinghai Province Crushed stones with edges Pleistocene.

Benxihu Speleothem ( ) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Benxihu in Benxi City, Liaoning Province Speleothem Pleistocene. Benzilan Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Benzilan in Deqin County, Yunnan Province For dark gray, grayish yellow muddy slate, sandstone with interbeds of green andesite, volcanic breccia and a few limestones and siltstones Late Permian. Biandanshan Formation () Compiling Group for Anhui Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Anhui Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by No.326 Anhui Geology Team Biandanshan in Nanling County, Anhui Province Early Triassic. Bianmachong Formation () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1974, Bandbook of Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Zhang Zhenghua & Zhou Zhiyi Bianmachong in Nangao, Danzhai County, Guizhou Province For grayish black, grayish green carbonaceous mudstone with interbeds of quartzose siltstone Early Cambrian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Bianmagou Formation ( ) Qian Jiaqi et al., 1986, Gansu Geology, (4), Special issue Bianmagou in Shulenanshan, Central Qilianshan Mountain, Gansu Province For the alternating beds of green slate and tuffaceous sandstone, with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Sinian.

Bianqiao Formation () Xu Baozhong, Wang Shilin, 1986, Discovery of Stratigraphy of Palaeocene Evapo-

rating Basin in Pingyi Basin, Shandong Province, in Palaeontological Society of China ed., 1986, Contribution to Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Shandong, Beijing: China Ocean Press Bianqiao in Pingyi County, Shandong Province Composed of purple mudstone, sandstone, and parti-coloured conglomerate with interbeds of marls, black carbonaceous shales and gypsum Palaeocene. Bianqinggou Formation ()

Xian Siyuan, Zhou Xiyun, 1978, Stratigraphic Classification and Correlation of

Early Devonian in Northeastern Yunnan, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 180 Bianqinggou located 10 km northeast of Zhaotong County, Yunnan Province Original meaning: “represented the stratigraphy of late of Early Devonian in northeastern Yunnan” Early Devonian Bianqinggou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Bianyang Formation () Zhao Jinke et al., 1962, The Triassic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 244. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Long Fuxiang Bianyang Township in Luodian County, Guizhou Province For a sequence of sandstone, claystone and a few limestones Mid Triassic.

Biegaizi Formation () Qiu Shuyu, Liu Hongfu, 1982, Bulletin of Northwest University, Special issue:

Precambrian Geology, 127-159. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by No.6 Shaanxi Geology Team Biegaizi close to the Huanglongpu, Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For a sequence of light gray, purple quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of sandy slate and graywacke Mesoproterozoic. Biegentawu Formation ( ) Ma Kulin, Chen Zhefu, 1957, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological

Map and Mineral Resources Research of Kashi-Aksu Area, South Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mt. Biegentawu in Aheqi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For quartzite and conglomerate with interbeds of limestone Carboniferous.

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Biegesheye Formation () No.3 Xinjiang Bureau of Geology Team (Lu Zheng et al.), 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map and Mineral Resources Research: Sailimuhu Sheet Biegesheye in Sailimuhu lake area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region  For a sequence of gray-grayish thin-thick bedded massive banded and brecciated structure limestone, dolomitic marble with interbeds of sandstone, mudstone and siliceous and carbonaceous rocks Proterozoic Synonymous with Kusongmuqieke Group.

Bieliangjin Group () Ma Kulin et al., 1957, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map and Mineral Resources Research of Kashi-Aksu Area, South Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Bieliangjin in Kalp County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of black limestone and gray thin-bedded marls Early Permian Synonym of Baliqliq Limestone.

Bieshitekang Formation () Zhang Yuqian, Zhao Mingyu, Jiao Shengrui, 1977, Xinjiang Geology, (1): 10-129 Bieshitekang in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Black limestone, shale and carbonaceous mudstone Late Carboniferous Referring to the synonym of

the Ku’erliang Group (Cai Tuci ed., 1999, 382). Biexibasitao Formation ()

Wang Jingbin, Cheng Shoude, Bai Wenxian, Wang Lixin, 1985, The Ice Formed

Rock of Sinian in Western Tianshan Mountain, in Precambrian Geology, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 105-118 Biexibasitao close to the south of Daheyan Town, Jinghe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Diamictite, gravel-bearing mudstone, and sandy dolomite Sinian Referring to the lower part of the Kailaketi Group (Cai Tuci ed., 1999, 382).

) Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Lin Shuji et al. Bihenying in Qinglong County, Guizhou Province Alternating beds of gray clay and gravel Pleistocene. Bihenying Formation (

Bijiashan Basalt (!) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 254. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Hu Junsheng Bijiashan close to Wudalianchi Lake, Heilongjiang Province Layered cone and volcanic lava Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Biji’ertai Formation (") Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 37. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by No.103 Inner Mongolia Geology Team Biji’ertai in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region The lower formation in Alxa Group Archean. Bijingtawu Formation () i.e. Biegentawu Formation. Bikeqi Formation (") No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Bikeqi in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Cretaceous Synonym of Dongsheng Formation.

Bilik Gol Formation ( ) Osborn H F, 1930, Ancient Vertebrate Life of Central Asia, Livre Jubilaire, Centenaire de la Soc. Geol. France,1830–1930 Bilik Gol located south of Lamasery, in Pailing-in-sumu, east of Gur Tung Khara, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For sands with interbeds of soil Pleistocene. Bilong Formation () Zhang Binggao, 1974, in Tibet Scientific Expedition, Academia Sinica, 1974, Report of Scientific Expedition of Mt. Qomolangma Area, Beijing: Science Press, 79. First appeared in a 1970 mannscript by Zhang Shouxin Bilong village in Baidingpu valley, 4 km west of Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region Light gray quartzite Early Permian Synonym: Bilong Formation (Wu Ruizhong et al., 1986). Bilong Formation () Wu Ruizhong, Chen Dequan, et al., 1986, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (9), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Bilong located at north of Dongbula Mountain, Shuanghu Area, northern Tibet Autonomous Region For black shales with interbeds of siltstone, quartzite, and limestone Early Triassic Synonym of Bilong Formation (Zhang Binggao, 1974). Bilute Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bayan Obo Sheet Bilute close to Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Sandy and siliceous slate Mesoproterozoic. Bima Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.2

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Tibet Regional Geology Team Bima in Sangri County, Tibet Autonomous Region Marine volcanic rock, mudstone and carbonate rock Early Cretaceous. Binchuan Formation (#) Binchuan Group Mu Enzhi, 1962, The Silurian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 21. First appeared in a 1947 manuscript by Sun Yunzhu Binchuan County, western Yunnan Province Gray shale and limestone Silurian.

Bingcaogang Formation ( ) Chen Fubin, Zhao Yongtao, 1988, Neotectonics of Panxi Area, Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press Bingcaogang in Panzhihua, Dukou City, Sichuan Province Red clay, gravels with interbeds of sands lenticle Pleistocene. Bingfeng Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Changdu Sheet Bingfeng in Zhongzan, Batang County, Sichuan Province For limestone with interbeds of volcanics Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Binggou Formation (1) ( 1) Chen Jinbiao et al., 1959, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangjiakou Sheet Binggou in Jianchang County, Liaoning Province For alternating beds of conglomerate and sandstones Late Jurassic Homonym: Binggou Formation (2). Binggou Formation (2) ( 2) Binggou Group Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team , 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nuomuhong Sheet, Xiangride Sheet. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by No.111 Team of Geological Division of Qinghai Bureau of Petroleum management Binggou in Dulan County, Qinghai Province Carbonate rocks intercalated with clastics, carbonate rocks and siliceous rocks, included Langyashan Formation and Qiujidonggou Formation Mesoproterozoic Homonym of Binggou Formation (1) (Chen Jinbiao, 1959). Binglangjiang Group () Wang Kaiyuan, 1995, in Wang Hongzhen ed., 1995, Retrospect of the Development of Geosciences Disciplines in China—Centennial Memorial Volume of Professor Sun Yunzhu, Beijing: China University of Geosciences Press, 156-164 Binglangjiang located southwest of Tengchong County, Yunnan Province For a part of varied migmatite, gneiss, leptynite, mica quartzite and marble, within the original Kaoliang Group (Brown J C, 1913) Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian. Bingma Formation ($ ) No.3 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Bingma in Baoshan County, Yunnan Province Iron and aluminum-bearing clastics Early Permian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Bingmagou Formation (%) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linru Sheet Bingmagou village in Ludian, Yichuan County, Henan Province Purplish red conglomerate, sandy shale and siltstone Mesoproterozoic.

Bingmatun Formation (%) No.2 Henan Geological Survey and Exploration Team, Ministry of Geology, 1964,

Explanatory text for petroleum geology survey of lower reaches of the Liaohe river area Bingmatun in central Liaoning Province Muddy siltstone, sandy mudstone with interbeds of volcanic clastics, occurring conglomerate in base Early Cretaceous. Bingqiu Formation ( )

No.2 Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qimen, Tunxi Sheet Bingqiu in Xiuning County, Anhui Province Fresh red, dark red conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone and claystone Late Jurassic.

Bingshuxia Limestone (% ) Noda S, 1917, Report on Geosciences of China, 1: 333-464 The Canyon of

Bingshuxia located at the estern mouth of Micang Canyon, east of the Xiangxi, Zigui County, Hubei Province Limestone Carboniferous-Permian. Bingying Formation (%)

Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Penglai, Yantai, Tuofan Sheet Binying located on the Island of Zhifu, Yantai City, Shandong Province Quartzite, dolomitic schist with interbeds of marble Palaeoproterozoic If “Bingying” is not a geographic

name, the stratigraphic unit name—Bingying Formation named after it, must be abandoned. Binhai Formation (& )

Compiling Group for Zhejing Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of East China: Zhejiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Binhai County in Zhejiang Province For marine, sea-bay and delta facies deposits Holocene New name: Zhenhai Formation (2). Bitiao Formation () Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jishou Sheet Bitiao in Huaqiao, Baojing County, Hunan Province For greenish gray thick-bedded compact limestone Late CambrianEarly Ordovician Bitiao Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with bios-

tratigraphic meaning.

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Biyougou Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Biyougou in Sichuan Province Mid Triassic (?).

Biyoulebaoguzi Formation (  ) Biyoulebaoguzi Series, Pi’erbaoguzi Series No.13 Team of Air Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1953, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map: Aksu Sheet The dried valley of Biyoulebaoguzi in Kuche Depression, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Green sandstone, gray conglomerate, dark gray and green muddy slate and shale Late Permian. Biyunshan Formation ( ) Zhao Ziyun, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Aqikele Area. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by No.3 Element of Xinjiang Regional Geologicl Survey Team Biyunshan in Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Gray gravel-bearing sandstone with interbeds of limestone, calcarenaceous mudstone, alternating beds of gray sandstone and grayish black limestone, with interbeds of carbonaceous mudstone Early Permian. Biyunsi Diamictite ( ) Biyunsi Ice Age Pile Compiling Group for Beijing Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Beijing Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Biyunsi Temple located at West Hills, Mentougou District, Beijing Municipality Diamictite Pleistocene. Bizigou Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian System [National Stratigraphical Commission, 1962, The Compilation of Academic Reports of National Stratigraphical Conference (1959)], Beijing: Sciences Press, table 1. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Mai Baoyuan (or Zhang Bosheng) Bizigou in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province A formation in the Chungtiao Group, calcarenaceous schist, marble and slate Palaeoproterozoic. Boai Member () Wang Deyou, Yan Guoshun, Jiang Yuan, Xi Yunhong, 1987, Stratigraphy and

Palaeontology of Carboniferous and Early Permian of Henan, Beijing: China Prospect Press Boai County, Henan Province Early Permian.

Bobotu Sands ('' ) Bobotu Eolian Sand Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 206. First appeared in a manuscript

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

by Jilin Hydrological Geology Team Bobotu in Shuangliao County, Jilin Province  Eolian sand Pleistocene. Boboyala Formation () Wang Naiwen, 1983, Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Its Plate Tectonic in Lakes Area, Northern Tibet, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Boboyala in Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray or red limestone, marls or light gray or grayish yellow or yellowish green sandstone and mudstone, red and green siltstone Late Cretaceous. Bocaitian Formation (() Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxiang Sheet (for a part of Yunnan) Bocaitian in Donggan, Lipo County, Yunnan Province Light gray, grayish purple, grayish green mudstone, siltstone and muddy banded limestone Late Cambrian. Bochatetage Formation ( ) Bochatetage Series Zhang Liangcheng, Wu Wenkui, 1958, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Keliyang Sheet Bochatetage, southwest of the village of Mulisuman, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For mudstone, siltstone with interbeds of marls Jurassic. Bocigou Formation () ) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Chengdu Sheet. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Bocigou in Dahe, east of Raoqi, Xiaojin County, Sichuan Province Gray, grayish green, purplish red slate with interbeds of calcarenaceous slate Permian-Triassic. Boda Formation () No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yanyuan Sheet Boda Township, Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province Referring to the original Boda Formation which included Shemulong Formation, quartzose sandstone and shales with interbeds of coal seams Late

Triassic.

Bogeda Formation () No.2 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Ma Baoshan), 1960, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dabancheng Sheet, Turpan Sheet, Jimusa’er Sheet Mt. Bogeda in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a sequence of volcanic rocks and volcanic clastics with interbeds of limestone lenticle Carboniferous Synonym: Liushugou Formation. Bohai Formation (' ) Bohai Black Banded Limestone, geographic name Bohai was pronounced as Pechili by the Japanese, and Romanized as Bokhai by the French (LSI) Endo R,

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1928, in Research Report of Professional School of Education of Manchuria, vol.3 Bohai area around the Wuhuzui Coal Field, Fuxian County, Liaodong Peninsula, Liaoning Province Black banded limestone Sinian. Boin Sum Group () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Boin Sum Sheet Boin Sum located 45 km

southwest of the Station of Sumuzhurihe in Bayinketu, Dorbod Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Basic volcanic clastics and muddy and sandy rocks Ordovician-Early Silurian. Bojishan Formation ( ) No.8 Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:350 000 Scale Geological Map of Guizhou Province Bojishan located 2 km north of Qingyan, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Light gray massive dolomite Mid Triassic.

Bojizhang Formation ( ) Yan Zhiqiang, 1994, Journal of Stratigraphy, 18(1): 30-38 Bojizhang in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Mesoproterozoic.

Boli Formation (') Boli Coal-bearing Beds Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 49. First appeared in a manuscript by Fuel Industry Department of Heilongjiang Province Boli river in Heilongjiang Province Coal-bearing Stratigraphy Late Jurassic.

Bolila Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Changdu Sheet Bolila in Chagyab County, Tibet Autonomous Region Fossil-bearing limestone Late Triassic.

Bolin Formation ( ) Liang Dingyi, Zhang Yizhi, Nie Zetong, Xi Chengde, 1991, Geology of Ngari,

Tibet, Stratigraphy of Ngari Area, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 66-77. First appeared in a manuscript by Guo Tieying Bolin in Zhada County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray sandstone, shale and limestone Mid Jurassic. Bolinxiala Formation ( )

Liang Dingyi, Zhang Yizhi, Nie Zetong, Xi Chengde, 1991, Geology of Ngari, Ti-

bet, Stratigraphy of Ngari Area, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 6677. First appeared in a manuscript by Guo Tieying Bolinxiala in Zhada County, Tibet Autonomous Region Applied to limestone with interbeds of sandy limestone and muddy limestone Late Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Bolong Formation () Ma Shipeng, Wang Yuzhen, Fang Xilian, 1989, Xinjiang Geology, 7(4): 68-79 Bolong located at the western side of Xinjiang-Tibet High Land, Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For diamictite with interbeds of siliceous mudstone, siltstone, shale and conglomerate Sinian.

Bolunganbulake Formation (*) No.5 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Moha’er Sheet Bolunganbulake, southwest of Halatuogai, Tekesi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a se-

quence of metamorphic clastics carbonate rocks, occasionally carbonaceous mudstone Palaeoproterozoic.

Boluo Group () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dege Sheet Boluo in Tibet Autonomous Region For olistolite Devonian.

Boluositanmiao Formation ( ) Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geology and Mineral Resources Map: Qinggeletu Sheet Boluositanmiao in Qinggeletu, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region The formation in Alxa Group Archean. Bomdo Formation () Jain A K et al., 1974, Stratigraphy and Structure of the Siang District, Arunachal (NEFFA) Himalaya. Himalayan Geology, 4, pt.1, 28-60 Bomdo in Tibet Autonomous Region Sinian-Paleozoic. Bomi Gneiss ( ) Li Pu, 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Bomi Area, Tibet Autonomous Region Gneiss Precambrian. Bomi-Zayu Complex (–) Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 27 The name “Bomi-Zayu” is the composite of Bomi and Zayu, two places are more than 200 km apart in Tibet Autonomous Region Metamorphic complex  Geological time unknown The Bomi Gneiss and the Zayu Complex were two stratigraphic bodies established separately in 26 years, by different authors, in two places more than 200 km apart. People may discuss or correlate them, but can not combined them to one single stratigraphic unit, this action does not conformed to the rules of the code of stratigraphical nomenclature. The “Bomi-Zayu Complex” is an available name and shall be abandoned.

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BonBon Group (++) Ooe Z, 1931, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Lidongshan Sheet The aboriginal village BonBon in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province Originally representing the lower part of the Wulai Series by grouping up the Sitsun Formation, Szeleng Sandstone and Hsuanyuan Slate Eocene. Boqu Formation () Mu Enzhi et al., 1973, Science in China, (1) Boqu in Yali, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Light gray quartzose sandstone Mid-Late Devonian. Boqu Formation (,) Han Tonglin, 1983, The Discussion on Paleozoic and Its Sequence of Northeastern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2) Boqu in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Jurassic.

Borah Beds ()) Terra H de, 1932, Wiss. Erg. d. Dr. Trinklerschen Central Asien Exp., Bd.II, 63 Borah located 40 km southeast of Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Pliocene. Border Range Formation () Liu C C, Chao J C, 1924, Preliminary Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Kiangsu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (4) Border Range Hills located at the boundary between Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces For quartzite and sandstone Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous Synonymous with Wutung Quartzite. Borohoro Mountains Formation () Xinjiang Joint Regional Geological Survey Team and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geology and Mineral Resources Map: Atuosite Sheet  Borohoro Mountains in Jinhe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Purplish red, grayish green sandstone, with sandy limestone lenticle Late Silurian. Botagan Formation () Xiao Bing, 1990, The Ordovician System, in Institute of Geology and the Team

of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey ed., 1990, The Paleozoic of Xinjiang,(I), Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Ma Shipeng & Wang Yuzhen Botagan between the villages of Kandilike and Kuweixi, Shache County, southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Gray limestone with interbeds of siliceous shales and siltstone Mid Ordovician. Bowamu Group () Gao Zhenjia, Chen Jinbiao, Lu Songnian, 1993, Precambrian Geology of Northern Xinjiang, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Bowamu, southwest of

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xinge’er, Yuli County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region An alternation of quartzose schist, quartzite and schist, with marbles in lower part Palaeoproterozoic. Buchang Formation () Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Zhang Zhongying, Zong Yongqiang, 1986, Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 8(3) Buchang, Guangdong Province Holocene. Buda’ergan Formation () Compiling Group for Ningxia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Buda’ergan in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Locally a formation in Alxa Group Archean. Budala Formation () Wang Naiwen et al., 1983, Acta Geologica Sinica, 57(1): 83-95 The lama temple of Budala in the Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region Jurassic-Cretaceous Budala Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit without lithostratigraphic meaning. Budongquan Formation ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplemen to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 20, chart 53 Budongquan in southern Qinghai Province Alternating beds of green sandstone and grayish black, grayish green slate, occasionally with interbeds of limestone and brown sandstone, with marble in lower part Early Paleozoic. Bu’erga Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000

Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yadong Sheet. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Wang Wenbin Bu’erga in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region Limestone Cretaceous.

Buhary Formation () Buharski Gorizont, Buharsky Horizont Vlov o, 1934, Dokl. AH. CCCP. New series, 1(1): 45 Buhary in Central Asia, Former CCCP Red, grayish white, white mudstone with interbeds of gypsum, occasionally with limestone Paleocene Synonym: Tuyiluoke Formation (Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum management, 1976). Bukatuwei Formation () Ma Shipeng, Wang Yuzhen and Fang Xilian, 1991, Xinjiang Geology, 9(1). First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Wang Yuzhen Bukatuwei located at the upper reaches of Qipan River, southwest of Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A sequence of alternating beds of parti-coloured quartzite, stromatolithic limestone and slate, and brown dolomite Mesoproterozoic.

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Bukemayin Formation () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 20, chart 53. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhao Zongpu The pass of Bukemayin in Zhiduo County, Yushu Zang Autonomous County, Qinghai Province Gray, grayish black and grayish white thick-beded chert-nodule-bearing limestone, and with interbeds of white sandstone and various coloured shales Late Carboniferous. Bula Formation () Geographic name Bula was Romanized as Boula by the French (LSI) Editorial

Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 115, chart 27 Bula in western Mount Kunlunshan area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For sandstone and conglomerate with interbeds of gypsum Pliocene. Bulagenhada Formation ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Bulagenhada in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Jurassic.

Bulag Sum Formation ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Huhhot Geology Team, Inner Mongolia Bu-

reau of Geology, 1968, Explanatory Text of 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Huhhot Sheet Bulag Sum in Dong Ujimqin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Volcanic clastics Late Carboniferous. Bulakebashi Group () Zhang Yuqian, Zhao Mingyu, Jiao Shengrui, 1977, Xinjiang Geology, (1), Stratigraphy issue, 110-129 Bulakebashi, south of Achang, Qiemo County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Calcareous sandstone, biolimestone with interbeds of volcanic rocks Mid Devonian. Bulaoke Diamictite () Bulaoke Till Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Bulaoke located at northeast of Changbai County, Jilin Province For the mixed layer of brownish red muddy gravel, clay and sands Pleistocene. Bulong Formation () Joint Team of Stratigraphy of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geology and Mineral Resources Map: Atuosite Sheet

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Bulong in western Junggar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regiom Yellowish green siltstone, shales and banded siltstone Early Silurian.

Bulong Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Bulong in Qiuka District, Biru County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a sequence of alternating beds of gray mudstone, black mudstone and grayish black mudstone Miocene.

Bulongguo’er Formation ( ) Zhu Shida, 1974, in Joint Team of Stratigraphy of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geology and Mineral Resources Map: Atuosite Sheet Bulongguo’er in Busai’er County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Yellowish green tuffaceous conglomerate, sandstone with interbeds of limestone, siltstone and biolimestone lenticle Mid Ordovician. Bulongshan Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bayan Obo Sheet Bulongshan in Damao Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Siliceous slate, quartzose sandstone with interbeds of andesite, tuffite and marbles, a formation in Burhant Group Early Ordovician. Bulukeqi Formation () Zhu Shida, 1974, in Joint Team of Stratigraphy of Xinjiang Regional Geological

Survey Team and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geology and Mineral Resources Map: Atuosite Sheet Bulukeqi in south slope of Sha’erbu’erti Mountain, Bukesai’er County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of limestone, calcarenaceous sandstone, tuffite and andesite Early Ordovician.

Bulun Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhongdian Sheet Bulun in Zhongdian County, Yunnan Province For a sequence of alternating beds of purplish red siltstone, mudstone with interbeds of green sandstone, mudstone, and with alternating beds of limestone, sandstone and mudstone in the middle part Early Triassic. Bulunkule Group () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 14. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Bulunkule in Mt. Kunlun Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a sequence of gneiss with

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interbeds of quartzite, schist with interbeds of quartzite and marble Palaeoproterozoic. Bumbat Formation () Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Ding Yunjie Bumbat located 60 km north of Saihangolb Sum, Sonid Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Sandstone with interbeds of limestone and volcanic rocks Late Carboniferous. Buqingshan Formation ( ) Buqingshan Group Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 126 Buqingshan in Dulan County, Qinghai Province Grayish green, grayish white, grayish purple clastics, volcanic rocks and carbonate rocks, included Shuweimenke Formation and Ma’erzheng Formation Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Buqu Diamictite () Buqu Till Pu Qingyu, 1982, The Problems of Quaternay Geology in Tanggula Area along the Qinghai-Tibet High Way, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (4), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Buqu in Yanshiping district, Tanggula Township, Golmud City, Qinghai Province Diamictite Pleistocene Homonym: Buqu Formation. Buqu Formation () Bai Haisheng, 1989, Geological Review, 35(6): 529-536 Buqu in Yanshiping district, Tanggula Township, Golmud City, Qinghai Province For limestone with interbeds of siltstone Mid Jurassic Homonym of Buqu Diamictite. Burhant Group ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Darhan Muminggan Joint-Banner (Bailingmiao) Sheet Burhant located at the middle reaches of Xibie River, Darhan Muminggan Joint-Banner (Bailingmiao), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For basic volcanic rocks, volcanic clastic rocks intercalated with continental clastic rocks and carbonite rocks Early Ordovician. Burqin Formation () No.3 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Li Peiji et al.), 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Southwest Slope of Altay Mountain and the North Margin of Junggar Basin The river of Burqin located east of Habahe river in Altay Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Synonym: Altay Formation

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Butou Formation (-) Butou Coal Measure Yoh S S, Chang K, 1929, Special Report of Geological Survey of Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (14): 1-14 Butou village, 10 km southeast of Yingshan County (Former Zhongdu County), Luzhai County, Guangsi Zhuang Autonomous Region For sandstone and shale intercalated with a coal bed Early Carboniferous. Buxin Formation () Tang Xin, Zhou Mingzhen, 1964, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 8(2) Buxin village, 4 km northeast of Sansui river, Guangdong Province Gray brown and red sandstone and conglomerate, mudstone, marls Paleogene. Buxitou Formation () No.1 Shandong Geology Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet Buxitou in Shandong Province Early Cretaceous. Buyu Formation () No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Buyu in Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dolomite and biolimestone Mid Devonian. Buyunshan Group (-) Yu Jianzhang, Cui Shengqin, Qiu Ganlin, 1964, Acta Geologica Sinica, 44(1): 112 Buyunshan in Gaixian County, Liaoning Province For sandstone Mesoprotrozoic.

C Caibaoshan Formation (. ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, viii+417 Caibaoshan close to the temple Langmusi, Luqu County, Sichuan Province Light gray volcanic breccia, rhyolite and dacite Cretaceous. Caibei Limestone (/) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Xinde, Li Xingyun

ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (21), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Liaoning Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, vii+247. First appeared in a 1994 manuscript by Fan Guoqin Caibei close to Xindonggou, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For the original Penchi Limestone in Benxi area  Late Carboniferous Substitute name of Penchi Limestone. Caidiwan Formation (() No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhenxiong Sheet Caidiwan in Huanggexi, Daguan County, Yunnan Province Marine red beds Late Silurian. Caiduo Formation (0) Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xia Daixiang, Liu Shikun ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (54), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Tibet Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, vii+302, 253. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Lhasa Geology Team Caiduo in Wuyu Basin, 48 km east of Nanmulin County, Tibet Autonomous Region A formation in coal measures Neogene. Caigou Formation (1) Liu Yinhuan et al., 1991, The Cambrian and Ordovician of Henan, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Caigou in Shengwan Township, Xichuan County, Henan Province Dealing with the lower part of Xiuzigou Formation, for carbonate rocks Cambrian-Ordovician. Caihuagou Formation (/) Wu Wenkui, Jiang Changyi, Yang Fu, 1992, Evolution of Paleozoic Crust and

Its Pattern of Mineralization of Kumishi Area, Xi’an: Shaanxi Science and Technology Press Caihuagou in Kumishi Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dolomite with interbeds of clastics Early Devonian. Cailanggang Formation (1) Western Zhejiang Stratigraphy Team (Gu Zhiwei), 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of West-

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ern Zhejiang Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Cailanggang in Western Zhejiang For volcanic rocks with interbeds of sedimentary rocks Late Jurassic Caili Group (0) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gadake Sheet Caili located 10 km southwest of Kejia, Pulan County, Tibet Autonomous Region For oolitic limestone and biolimestone with interbeds of shales Early-Late Jurassic Synonym: Qusong Group, Youxiu-

gou Formation, Bolin Formation and Pusela Formation.

Cailing Formation (1) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuncheng, Sanmenxia Sheet The Cailing village close to Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province Gneiss, amphibolite and leptynite Archean. Cailunguoshao Formation (0) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dong Ujimqin Banner Sheet Cailunguoshao in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Devonian Synonymous with Ta’erbagete Formation. Cainaha Formation (.) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Cainaha in Duoma area, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For clastics with interbeds of limestone and marls Late Carboniferous-Early Permian Synonymous with Tunlonggongba Formation.

Caishiling Formation (2) Caishiling Series Zhang Wentang, Zhang Ridong, Yu Changmin, 1958, Acta Geologica Sinica, 38(1): 126-128 Caishiling located at west of Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Mangya Town, Golmud City, south of Mt. Altun, Qinghai Province For a sequence of alternating beds of conglomerate, red sandstone, purplish red shales and red mudstone Jurassic. Caixiudong Formation (/) Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol. 1, Beijing: Science Press, 94-109. First appeared in a manuscript by Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team Caixiudong in Yanbian Area, Jilin Province Green schist, black slate, sandstone and tuffite Late Carboniferous. Caixiuling Formation (/) Shanxiuling Formation Yang Qilun, 1962, About Several Geologic Problems of Yanbian Area, in Proceedings of First Annual Scientific Meeting of Geological Society of Jilin Province Caixiuling in Kaishantun Town, Yanji County, Jilin

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ProvinceMainly biolimestone with interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone and volcanicash-bearing tuffite Late Carboniferous Synonym: Shanxiuling Formation (No.2 Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964). Caiyuanzi Diamictite (() Cheng Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classification of the Quaternary Stratigraphy

of Qinghai, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Science Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 23-30 Caiyuanzi in Kunlun Mountain area, Qinghai Province For the diamictite in the lower part of the Caiyuanzi Formation Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Caiyuanzi Formation. Caiyuanzi Formation (() Cheng Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classification of the Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qinghai, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Science Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 2330 Caiyuanzi in Kunlun Mountain area, Qinghai Province Dealing with both Caiyuanzi Diamictite and its overlying sandstone and conglomerate Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Caiyuanzi Diamictite.

Caizhuang Formation (1 ) Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of Jiangsu Province and Shanghai Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.1] Beijing: Geological Publishing House, vii+856. First appeared in a manuscript by No.5 Jiangsu Geology Team Caizhuang in Xinyi County, Jiangsu Province Pleistocene. Caizidi Formation (1 ) Yang Jialu et al., 1991, Cambrian Stratigraphy, Lithofacies Paleogeography and Trilobite Fauna of Eastern Qinling Mt. and Dabashan Mt., Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Caizidi in Luonan County, Shaanxi Province Late Cambrian. Cakuohe Formation (3) Northwest Institute of Geology and No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhuoni Sheet Cakuohe located 10 km north of Bohai, Luqu County, Gansu Province Dark gray limestone and argillaceous limestone, with sandstone in the base, occasionally with conglomerate Late Devonian. Camel Neck Diamictite (4) Camel Neck Moraine Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 14, table 2 Luotuobozi (Camel Neck) in

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Nalun Basin, Altay District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region  For boulder, mud and sands Pleistocene Synonymous with Kom Diamictite. Cameng Formation (3) Liang Dingyi, Nie Zetong, Guo Tieying, et al., 1982, Geological Review, 28(3): 245-246 Cameng located at north of the village Jipu in Duoma District, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region Diabase, gravel-bearing sandstone and gravelbearing slate Late Carboniferous. Canduo Formation (5) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongning Sheet Canduo in Yiji, Muli County, Sichuan Province For metamorphic quartzose sandstone and muddy rocks Early Devo-

nian.

Cangbomen Member (6) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing Sheet Cangbomen, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For alternating beds of gray thin-bedded limestone and purple knotty limestone, the member in lower part of Qinglong Formation Early Triassic. Cangfanggou Formation (7) Cangfanggou Series Wang Hengsheng, 1954, Outline of Geology of Xinjiang, Proceedings of Geological Society of Xi’an, (2). First appeared in a 1946 manuseript by Gao Zhiqiu Cangfanggou in Xishanyao Coalfield close to Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, red conglomerate with interbeds of green sandstone Triassic. Cangjin Formation (8) Sichuan Air Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jilong Sheet Cangjin in Sichuan Province Late Triassic.

Cangna Formation (8 ) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet Cangna close to Zhongzan Ox Farm, Batang County, Sichuan Province Light gray limestone with interbeds of dark gray limestone Mid Devonian. Cangwu Formation (8) Special Topic Group of Devonian of Guangxi, 1982, Earth Science, (1): 35-47 Cangwu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Red clastics Early Devonian Synonym of Lienhua Sandstone.

Cangxi Formation (8) Sichuan Air Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Langzhong, Deyang, Santai and Jianyang Sheet Cangxi County, Sichuan Province A sequence of alternating beds of parti-coloured rockdebris

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quartzose sandstone,sandstone and mudstone, intercalated with conglomerate bands and lenticles Early Cretaceous. Caobashantou Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nansan Sheet, Gengma Sheet Caobashantou in Yunnan Province Early Permian.

Caobuling Limestone ( ) Tsaofukou Limestone Zhang Zhitao, 1957, Geological Review, 17(1): 78-83  Caobuling in Fengshui, Zibo County, Shandong Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Synonym of Tsaofukou Limestone. Caodaban Formation ( ) Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Gansu Geological Mechanics Team Caodaban in Hanmushan, Yongchang County, Gansu Province For gray, grayish white yellow limestone, muddy-band limestone with interbeds of oolitic and edgewise conglomerate limestone, tuffaceous phyllite, metamorphic quartzose sandstone and phosphorite Sinian. Caodi Group ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Scale Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 269, chart, 57. First appeared in a 1941 manuscript “Geology of Songpan Grassland” by Xiong Yongxian Songpan Grassland in western Sichuan Province For a sequence of yellowish green medium-thick-bedded sandstones and slates Triassic. Caodian Formation (9) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hefei, Dingyuan Sheet Caodian in Fengyang County, Anhui Province For purple iron-bearing sandstone and conglomerate with interbeds of hematite, a formation in Bagongshan Group Mid Proterozoic.

Caodigou Formation ( ) Liu Guangcai, 1984, The Permian Stratigraphy in the Vicinity of Buhahe River, Tianjun County, Qinghai Province Caodigou in Xiahuancang, Tianjun County, Qinghai Province For dark gray, grayish green sandstone with interbeds of shale and limestone Late Permian. Caogou Formation ( ) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral of

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript of classified material by No.1 Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Caogou in Luoning County, Henan Province For a formation within the Taihua Group Archean. Caohai Formation (

) Wu Wangshih, Zhang Linhsin, Jin Yukan, 1974, The Carboniferous Rocks of

Western Kuichow, Memoirs of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (6): 72-98 Caohai located between Yanzitang and Shilipu, south of Weining County, Guizhou Province Caohai Formation is subdivided into Yazitang Member (lower), Shilipu Member (middle) and Xinguanting Member (upper), consists of marls, muddy limestone and limestone Early Carboniferous Caohai Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Caohe Group ( ) Jiang Chunchao, 1973, Information of Science and Technology of Northeast China, (2) Caohe in Liaoning Province Palaeoproterozoic. Caohu’an Member (9) Wang Shouyi, 1988, in Wu Tieshan, Xiao Sufen, Wang Shouyi, 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Caohu’an in Zhongzhuangpu Township, Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province For tuffite, volcanic breccia, rhyolite and pearl stone Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Caojiashan Formation (9) Yan Zhiqiang, Fang Feilong, 1992, Regional Geology of China, (4): 364-368 Caojiashan in Haiyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For yellowish

green, grayish green and gray calcarenaceour siltstone with interbeds of mudstone, a formation in the upper part of Changshan Group Sinian. Caojiawan Formation (9)

Yang Jialu, 1988, Earth Science, 13(5): 473-480 Caijiawan in Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province For the upper part of original Yuejiaping Formation Mid

Cambrian.

Caoliangyi Formation ( ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiangquan Sheet Caoliangyi in Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province For a volcanic stratigraphic body below the Tsaoliangi Formation Ordovician Homonymous with Tsaoliangi Formation. Caomaoshan Volcanics ( ) Caomaoshan Formation No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geologicl Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet,

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Huma Tower Sheet Caomaoshan close to Baoquangou, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For the volcanics Early Devonian. Caomiaogou Formation ( ) Ru Qi et al., 1980, Science in China, (3) Caomiaogou in Junshao District, Dengfeng County, Henan Province For a formation within the Tengfung Complex Archean. Caomiaozhang Formation (  ) Liangyuehan et al., 1981, Bulletin of Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (3) Caomiaozhang (?) in Xuchang District, Henan Province Locally for a part of the Tengfung Complex Archean Suspicious synonym of Caomiaogou Formation. Caomuce Formation ( :) No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ekengdelesite Sheet Caomuce in Qinghai Province Late Triassic. Caopenggang Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript of classified material by Peking University Caopenggang in Suixian County, Hubei Province Dealing with locally a formation in Yingshan Group, for light metamorphic rock Proterozoic. Caoqu Group ( ) Yao Zongfu, 1992, Character of Proterozoic Stratigraphy in Changqingke dis-

trict of Yushu County, Qinghai Province, Tibet Geology, (1). First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team The valley of Caoqu in Mianda, Changdu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For chlorite schist and quartzose schist Neoproterozoic.

Caotangou Group ( ) Compiling Group for Regional Shaanxi Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Caotangou, north of Tangzang Township in Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province For the volcanic stratigraphic body below the Tsaoliangi Formation, consists of Zhangjiazhuang Formation (2) and Honghuapu Formation Carboniferous Synonymous with Caoliangyi Formation. Caoxiedian Formation ( ) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Shangcheng Dis-

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trict Caoxiedian in Shangcheng County, Henan Province For volcanic breccia Late Cretaceous Synonym of Chenpeng Formation. Caozhuang Group (9 ) Li Zhizhong, Bai Yiliang, Gu Delin, 1980, Preliminary Discussion on Several Problems of Stratigraphy of Archean of Eastern Hebei Province, in Proceedings of Science Reports of the Graduate School (Beijing), China University of Geosciences Caozhuang in Qian’an County, eastern Hebei Province Consists of hornblendite, quartzite, gneiss, leptynite and marble Archean. Cawarong Group () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Deqin Sheet Cawarong (Chawalong) in Yunnan Province Late Triassic.

Cazuo Formation (3) Yang Zunyi, Wu Shunbao, 1964, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 12(2) Cazuo located 6 km northwest of Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For shales with interbeds of marls and calcarenaceous nodules Mid-Late Jurassic. Cebo Formation (;) Zhang Binggao, He Guoxiong, 1984, Stratigraphy of Karakunlun Subdistrict, in Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1984, The Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Cebo in Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous. Central Island Formation () Li Zuoming, 1987, Guangdong Geology, 2(1): 29-48 Central Island in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For alternating beds of black shale and siltstone, with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Late Permian.

Ceqiela Granite (< ) Tibet Working Group of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1959,The Information of Geology and Mineral Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Ceqiela close to Sanyan in Jinshajiang River valley, Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region Granitic diorite Intrusion in Jurassic System. Ceshi Beds (;) Fujimoto, H, 1946, The Geology of Yangquan Coalfield of Shanxi Province, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, vol.53, 613-615 Ceshi in Yangquan, Shanxi Province For yellowish green sandstone and shale Permian. Cetian Basalt (=) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press,

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309 The Cetian Reservoir in Yujiazhai, Datong County, northern Shanxi Province For basalt Pleistocene. Ceyu Formation (;) Ceyu Sandstone Lu Zongbin, 1960, in Wang Yuelun, The clues of correlation of Sinian in China, Geological Review, 20 (5): 203-205 The Ceyu village in Jingxing County, Hebei Province For quartzose sandstone with interbeds of red mudstone Neoproterozoic. Chabaoma Formation ( ) Chabaoma Series Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale,

1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Qinghai Petroleum Survey Team Chabaoma in Zhiduo County, Qinghai Province For dark gray vesicular basaltic andesite and basalt Miocene.

Chabocuo Formation (  ) Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Stratigraphy of Nujiang-Lancangjian-Jinshajiang Rivers [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geolgy and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (2) Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.12], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Chabocuo in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Permian. Chadeng Formation ( ) Yao Huazhou, 1994, Integrative Stratigraphic Research of Regional Survey of Orogenic Belt: An Example from Triassic Study of Denglong-Rejia Area, West Sichuan, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Chadeng in Baiyu County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a formation within the lower part of the Jiongba Group, for grayish black muddy siltstone with interbeds of gray graywacke Late Triassic. Cha’ergelahe Formation ( ) Zhang Haiyang, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Handaqi Sheet Cha’ergelahe located at the right bank of Xiaohelihe river, Heihe County, Heilongjiang Province For a sequence of alternating beds of yellowish brown conglomerate, black muddy slate and graywacke Early Carboniferous. Chaerhan Formation () Liu Zechun, Sun Shiying, Yang Fang, Zhou Zhuhong, 1990, Science in China, B: Chemistry, (11): 1 202-1 213 Chaerhan Salt Lake located at northeast of Golmud City, Qinghai Province For alternating beds of Greenish gray, yellow, grayish green silt, clay silt and silty clay Pleistocene.

Chafangzi Member ( ) Chafangzi Limestone Zhao Zongpu, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(1): 8194 Chafangzi (also called the Chakengzi) in Wutaishan Mountain, Wutai County, Shanxi Province For dolomite Neoproterozoic.

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Chafu Group ( ) Chapu Group Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huangyuan Sheet Chafu in Baimuxia, north of Lajishan Mountain, Qinghai Province For slate, volcanics with interbeds of conglomerate Mid Ordovician.

Chagagou Formation ( ) Guo Tieying, Liang Dingyi, Zhang Yizhi, 1991,Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Chagagou in Ngari District, Tibet Autonomous Region Jurassic-Cretaceous.

Chagan Formation ( ) Xiao Shilu, Hou Hongfei, Wu Shaozu, 1992, Research of Devonian of Northern Xinjiang, Urumqi: Xinjiang Science, Technology and Health Press, 1-257 Chagan in West Junggar, Xinjiang Autonomous Region For the marine deposits with coral fossil Mid Devonian Synonym of Hefeng Formation.

Chagan’aobaomiao Formation (  ) Li Wenguo, 1991, in Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1991,Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 130 Chaga’anobaomiao located at northeast of Erenhot, Wunu’er District, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For the arkose and mudstone with interbeds of tuffite Early Devonian. Chaganbu’ergasi Formation ( ) Qian Jiaqi et al., 1986, Gansu Geology, (4), Special issue Chaganbu’ergasi in Subei Mongol Autonomous County, Gansu Province For phyllite, limestone and marble Sinian.

Chaganbulage Formation ( ) Jiang Yuanji, Wang Baoliang, Qi Tao, 1976, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 14(1): 35-41 Chaganbulage in Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For

grayish white, red conglomerate, intercalated with brownish red sandy mudstone, muddy sandstone and coarse-grained sandstone Pliocene.

Chaganguole Diamictite ( ) Chaganguole Moraine Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory Text for 1:1 500 000 Scale Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 12, 14, table 2 The river of Chaganguole in southeastern Altay Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For red mud-gravel beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Chaganguole Formation; Synonym: Tielishagan Diamictite.

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Chaganguole Formation () Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuhai City Sheet Chaganguole in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a formation within the Qianlishan Group Archean Homonym: Chaganguole Diamictite. Chaganhebu Formation ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chaganhebu Sheet Chaganhebu in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Devonian. Chaganlimennuo’er Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Chaganlimennuo’er in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Paleocene. Chagannuo’er Volcanics ( ) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Wenguo ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (15), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Chagannuo’er in Abag Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Originally dealing with interbeds of volcanic rocks within the Bumbat Formation Late Carboniferous. Chaganshan Formation ( ) Xiao Shilu, Hou Hongfei, Wu Shaozu, 1992, Research of Devonian of Northern Xinjiang, Urumqi: Xinjiang Science, Technology and Health Press, 1-257 Chaganshan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the tuffaceous sandstone, sandstone, conglomerate, with interbeds of limestone Mid Devonian. Chagantaolegai Formation ( ) Huo Fucheng, Cao Jingxuan, Dong Yansheng, Gu Qichang, Yan Zhiqiang, 1987, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, 17(1) Chagantaolegai in Diebusike Mountain, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For gneiss, migmatite, with quartzpseudogravel-bearing marble Archean.

Chagou Formation () Chagou Stage Matsushita S, 1935, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., 8(2) Chagou in northeast of Lvshun City, Liaoning Province Proterozoic. Chagouquan Formation ( ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Ayakekumuu Area Chagou in Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a sequence of metamorphic sandstone, silicalite, sandy schist, limestone and marble Neoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chaguoluoma Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Geological Review, 26(2): 162. First appeared in a manuscript by Xia Daixiang Chaguoluoma in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a series of light gray thick-bedded massive limestone and dolomitic limestone Mid Devonian-Early Carboniferous.

Chaguoqie Group ( ) Liu Shikun, Liu Hongfei, Ma Shaojun, 1988, Journal of Stratigraphy, 12(4): 303306 Chaguoqie located north of the village of Mailonggang (Meilongka), 60 km north of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region For sandstone and shales with interbeds of tuffite Early-Mid Jurassic A group without any formations deviates

the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Chahan Gol Formation ()

Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 63 Chahan Gol in south Qilianshan Mountain, Qinghai Province For chert banded limestone, phyllite, slate and quartzite Proterozoic. Chahe Formation (1) ( 1) Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Yicheng and Suixian Chahe in Hubei Province Locally for a formation within the Suixian Group Sinian Homonym: Chahe Formation

(2).

Chahe Formation (2) ( 2) Li Fuhan et al., 1988, Presinian System of Kang-Dian Area, Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House Chahe in Sichuan Province Palaeoproterozoic Homo-

nym of Chahe Formation (1).

Chaihe Formation ( ) No.2 Inner Mongolia Regional Geologicl Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map:125 km Sheet or Suolun Horse Farm Sheet Chaihe in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Chaoho Formation and Chaihe Group. Chaihe Group ( ) Dai Yongding, 1963, in Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol.1, Beijing: Science Press, 142-155 Chaihe locatel 25 km north of Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province For the lower part: slate, phyllite, and metamorphic sandstone; upper part: marble, metamorphic andesite, green schist, and hornblende schist CarboniferousPermian Homonymous with Chaoho Formation and Chaihe Formation.

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Chaizhuang Formation ( ) Huang Baoyu, Guo Shuyuan, 1991, The Late Cenozoic Stratigraphy and Palaeontological Fauna of Central Southern Shanxi, Beijing: Science Press Chaizhuang in Shanxi Province Pleistocene. Chajianliang Formation ( ) North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1965, in Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, Tianjin Municipality Chajianliang in Wutaishan Area, Wutai County, Shanxi Province For mica schist, with interbeds of dolomitic marble and white quartzite Proterozoic. Chake Formation () Huang Xuesi, Zhang Jiannong, 1990, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 28(4): 296-303 Chake Town, about 40 km northeast of Jianshui County, Yunnan Province Brownish red mudstone with interbeds of green muddy bands, with white marls in the top Eocene. Chakoulou Formation ( ) Horizon de Chakoulou Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1, pt.1, 208, 218 Chakoulou in Yunnan Province Triassic.

Chalainor Group () Darai (Djalai) Formation (Yoshiizawa,1937); Darainor (Djalainor) (Iwai J, et al., 1937), geographic name Chalainor was Romanized as Tchjalainor by the French (LSI) Hou T F, 1932, Geology of the Bitumen Deposit & the Lignite Field of Chalainor, Heilungkiang Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (19) Chalainor (Djalainor, Darainor), south of Manzhouli, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For rudite, fine-grained sandstone and gray clay Eocene-Oligocene Synonym: Dalai Formation; Darai Formation; Djalai Formation; Darainor Formation; Djalainor Formation. Chalangga Formation ( ) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luolong Sheet, Changdu Sheet Chalangga in Sichuan Province Early Jurassic.

Chalicuo Group (  ) Chali Group (Guo Tieying, 1991) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet The Chalicuo lake located 93 km south of Geji County, Tibet Autonomous Region For sandstone, conglomerate, and volcanic clastics and lava Paleocene- Eocene. Chalongqing Member ( ) Zhao Xiukun, 1978, Devonian of Wuning District (Abstract), in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 172-

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175 Chalongqing in Luquan County, Yunnan Province Light gray marls, knotty limestone with interbeds of shelly limestone and marl Mid Devonian. Chama’erniu Formation () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Chama’erniu in Qinghai Province Late Permian.

Chamashan Group ( ) Chamagong Group (The Lithostratigraphic Dictionary of China, 2000) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Chamashan in Batang County, western Sichuan Province For marble, dolomitic limestone and green schist, and volcanic rocks Sinian-Cambrian. Chang’an Formation (1) ( 1) Chang’an Sandstone Lee J S, Chao K K, Chang W Y, 1941, Stratigraphic Charts of Kwangsi, Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica. First appeared in a 1936 manuscript “Geology of Oil Field of Wengxiang, Lushan, Kuichow” by Xiong Yongxian, Wang Yuelun and Wu Xizeng Chang’an Town in Yong’an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For diamictite and gravel, sandy mudstone Sinian Homonym: Chang’an Formation (2). Chang’an Formation (2) ( 2) Chang’an Coal Measure No.104 Team of Northeast Bureau of Coalfield Exploration, 1954, Report of Coalfield Survey Chang’an in Xifeng County, Liaoning Province For a coal series Late Jurassic Homonymous with Chang’an For-

mation (1).

Chang’aokou Formation ()) Zhang Quanzhong, Qiu Hongan, Jiao Shiding, Xu Xiaomei, Guo Peixia, 1966, Journal of Stratigraphy, 1(1): 47-64 Chang’aokou in Sinianpan, Hexian County, Anhui Province For alternating beds of light yellow muddy limestone and dolomite Early Ordovician.

Changbei Formation () No.2 Survey and Exploration Team of Ministry of Geology, 1963, Preliminary Repot of Mesozoic Stratigraphy of Tieling Area, 3-28 Changbei village in Dadianzi, Tieling City, Liaoning Province For gravel-bearing silty mudstone, muddy siltstone and tuffaceou mudstone Mid Jurassic. Changcai Formation (.) Yang Xuelin, 1959, Geological Review, 19(10): 276-284 Changcai village in Fudongduo, Helong County, Jilin Province For conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone with interbeds of coal seams Early Cretaceous.

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Changchang Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Chen Renming Changchang in Qiongshan County, Hainan Province For a series of parti-coloured sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of conglomerate, mudstone, carbonaceous shales, oil shale and coal seams Eocene. Changcheng Formation () Changcheng Beds Ueda F, Suskura M, 1937, Geol. Geogr. Southwest Manch. Changcheng in Hebei Province Archean Homonymous with Changcheng Quartzite. Changcheng Quartzite ( ) Changcheng Group, geographic name Changcheng was Romanized as Tchantchen by the French (LSI) Kao C S, Hsiung Y H, Kao P, 1934, Preliminary Notes

on Sinian Stratigraphy of North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(2): 243288 Changcheng located north of the Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For quartz-iteProterozoic Synonym: Huangyaguan Formation, Changzhoucun Formation, Changzhougou Formation; Homonym: Changcheng Formation; Homonym Changcheng System is not the lithostratigraphic unit, but a chronostratigraphic one. It should be abandoned. Changchia’ ao Shale ( )

Huang T K, Yao H. H, 1940, On the unconformity between the Triassic & Jurassic in Weiyuan, Szechuan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.20, 241-244 Zhangjia’ao (Changchia’ao) in Weiyuan County, Sichuan Province For shales Jurassic.

Changchiakou Formation ( ) Changchiakou Series Chai T P, Yan S T, 1942, Geological Review, 7(2/3): 5166 Zhangjiagou (Changchiakou) close to Longdong, Zhaotong County, Yunnan Province Early Triassic-Cretaceous Homonymous with Changchiakou Limestone. Changchiakou Limestone ( ) Wang C C, 1922, Stratigraphy of Pao-the-chou, Northwestern Shanxi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 67-76 Zhangjiagou (Changchiakou) village, 35 km south of Baode County, Shanxi Province For limestone Early Permian Homonym: Changchiakou Formation. Changchialing Formation ( ) Zhangjialing Beds Wang H C, Hsu J L, 1951, Bull. Geol. Surv. CentralSouth, (3): 101 Zhangjialing (Changchialing) Coalfield close to Shimenkou, Liling County, Hunan Province For iron-bearing conglomerate, sandstone, with interbeds of coal Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Changchikeng Formation ( ) Ho C S, 1956, Miocene Rocks of the Chutouchi Oilfield, Tainan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (8) The Changchikeng village located at Houtapu in Chaiyi County, Taiwan Province Composed of a thick sequence of dark, compact phyllitic shale with interbeds of compact, fine-grained subgraywacke sandstone Miocene. Changchiu Formation ( ) Changchiu Series Onuki Y, 1944, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 51(605): 78-79. First appeared in a 1942 manuscript by Tomita T Zhangqiu (Changchiu) County, Shandong Province For the sum of Hsuchiachuang Limestone and Tsaofukou Limestone Late Carboniferous. Changchuanzi Formation () Changchuan Tze Series Young C C, Bien M N, 1937, Cenozoic geology of the

Kaolan-Yungteng area of Central Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 16(1-4): 221260 Changchuantze located 40 km northwest of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province Paleogene. Changchun Formation () Changchunchiao Member, Changchun Schist Chen P Y, 1963, Research Report of Department of Geology of College of Science, Taiwan University, (10) Chang-

chunchiao located at Central Cross Mountain Highway, Hualien County, Taiwan Province For schist Archean Homonymous with Changchun Group.

Changchun Group () Changchun Red Group Morita G, 1943, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 50(595): 114117 Changchun City, Jilin Province Mid Jurassic Homonym: Changchun Formation, Changchun Loess. Changchun Loess () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991,Regional Geology of Jilin

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Changchun City, Jilin Province For loess Pleistocene Homonymous with Changchun group Changcun Formation () Hou Hongfei, Xian Siyuan, 1975, Contribution to Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (1) Changcun close to Dale, Xiangzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For dolomitic limestone, shales and sandstones Mid Devonian. Changgou Formation () Yang Zhihua, 1991, Tectonic Lithofacies and Mineralization in Marginal Transformed Basin, Beijing: Science Press Changgou valley in Changgou Town, Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province For dolomitic limestone with interbeds of sandy slate Mid Devonian.

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Changhangou Formation () Changhangou Series Li Xingxue, 1954, Stratigraphy and the significance of unconformities within it of Shiguaizi Coalfield in Daqingshan, Inner Mongolia, Acta Geologica Sinica,34(4): 411-436. First appeared in a 1950 manuscript by Tian Benyu Changhangou in Chengta, Shiguai District, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a sequence of dark green sandstone, conglomerate and sandy shales with interbeds of marls, fresh water limestone and sandy shales Mid Jurassic. Changhe Formation () Compiling Group for Zhejiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Zhejiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Zhejiang Petroleum Geology Team Changhe in Chongshou, Cixi County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with a series of underground stratigraphy, for lateritic red mudstone with interbeds of volcanic clastic debris Eocene-Plistocene. Changhsia Formation ( ) Changhsia Limestone. Geographic name Changhsia was Romanized as Changhia or Tchjansia by the French (LSI) Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis and Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, 19-58 Zhangxia (Changhsia) Town, Changqing County, Shandong Province For alternating beds of black thin-bedded limestone, oolitic limestone and massive limestone Mid Cambrian. Changhsing Formation ( ) Changhsing Coal-bearing Series Heim A, 1930, Special Publication, Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (6) Changxing (Changhsing) County, Northern Zhejiang Province For coal measure Late Permian Homonymous with Changsing Limestone. Changhsing Limestone See Changsing Limestone. Changji Diamictite () Changji Till Cao Zhaoyuan, Yu Qinghe, 1982, Bull. Inst. Geol., Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (2): 25-37 Changji in western Hunan Province Brownish red mud-gravel, pebble Pleistocene.

Changjiajie Formation ( ) No.2 Institute of Jinlin Geological Survey, 1991, Jilin Geology, (4) Changjiajie in Jilin Province Mid Devonian. Changjiang Alluvium () Changjiang Formation (Wang Pinxian, 1998, in Li Congxian, Wang Pinxian, et al., 1998, Research on Estuary Stratigraphy of Late Quaternary of the Changjiang, Beijing: Science press, 9) Fang Hongqi, 1961, Quaternary deposits of the middle

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and lower reaches area of the Changjiang River, Acta Geologica Sinica, 41(3-4): 354-366 Sectors of middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang, Jiangsu Province Alluvium Quaternary. Changjiang Conglomerate () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica,1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Scale Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 115, chart 118 Changjiang County, Hainan Province Consists of gravels, such as granite, quartzite and slate,mixing with sands and clay Quaternary. Changjiang Formation () i. e. Changjiang Alluvium. Changjianggou Formation (1) ( 1) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guangyuan Sheet Changjianggou in Shangsi Township, 50 km southwest of Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For yellowish green, grayish green quartzose sandstone with interbeds of shales and marls Early Cambrian Homonym: Changjianggou Formation (2). Changjianggou Formation (2) ( 2) Yang Zunyi, Yin Hongfu, Wu Shunbao, Yang Fengqing, 1984, Permian/Triassic

boundary and biostratigraphic conation of South China, in Scientific Papers on Geology for International Exchange—Prepared for the 27th International Geological Congress, (1): 99-110 Changjianggou in Shangsi Township, 50 km southwest of Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For siliceous micrite with interbeds of argillaceous rock and black carbonaceous shales Late Permian Homonym of Changjianggou Formation (1); New name: Tiefoshan Formation. Changjieling Formation () Changjieling Series Li C, Chu S, 1933, General Report of 1921, Academia Sinica Changjieling in Wugang County, Hunan Province For coal measure Early Carboniferous.

Changjihe Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Changjiehe in Jungar District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Shawan Formation (1), Taxihe Formation and Dushanzi Formation Oligocene-Miocene. Changkengshui Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 166. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Na Yi Changkengshui

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in Shixing County, Guangdong Province For gray banded siliceous shales with interbeds of banded carbonaceous shales Mid Ordovician. Changkou Shale () Kao P, 1935, Note on the geology of eastern Chekiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (25) The Changkou Township, 20 km southwest of Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province Early Ordovician.

Changkungling Formation ( ) Changkung Ling Formation Wang H C, Hsu J L, 1951, Bull. Geol. Surv. Central South, (3): 101 Zhanggongling (Changkungling) located 0.5 km southwest of Shimen, Liling County, Hunan Province Jurassic Homonymous with Changkungling Limestone. Changkungling Limestone ( ) Ting V K, 1919, Shanghai Harbour Investigation, ser. I, report no.1,Whangpoo Conservancy Board Zhanggongling (Changkungling) close to Juetoushan, in Nangao Coalfield, Changxing County, Zhejiang Province For limestone PermianTriassic Homonym: Changkungling Formation. Changlai Formation () Zhao Ruxu’an, Qin Guorong, 1989, Two new lithostratigraphic units Changlai

Formation and Dasaiba Formation from Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous of Lechang, Guangdong, Guangdong Geology, 4(3) Changlai located 5 km southeast of Lechang City, Guangdong Province For limestone Early Carboniferous.

Changle Formation (1) ( 1) Zhan Xinfu, 1974, Proc. Geol. Soc. China, (24) Changle in Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan Province For a sequence of alternating beds of black shales and sandstones Miocene Homonym: Changle Formation (2). Changle Formation (2) ( 2) Tong Yongfu, 1985, Quaternaria Sinica, 6(1): 99-105 Changle County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province Dealing with the deposits of estuarine silt and border coastal sands, with sands, gravel and yellow clay, intercalated wit peat in the upper part Holocene Homonym of Changle Formation (1). Changliangshan Formation ( ) Wu Ruizhong et al., 1986, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (9), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Changliangshan in Tibet Autonomous Region Mid Jurassic.

Changliangtzu Formation ( ) Changliangtzu Shale, geographic name Changliangtzu was Romanized as Changlianki or Tchjanliantszy by the French (LSI) Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku Imp. Univ., (13) Changliangzi (Changliantzu) close to the valley of Tianshifu, Xiaoshi, Benxi County, Liaoning Province For a sequence

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

of black shales and grayish green sandy shale, with marl lenticle in the upper part and gravel-bearing sandstone in the base Early Jurassic. Changlin Formation ( ) Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanping Sheet Changlin in Banmian Township, Youxi County, Fujian Province For a sequence of grayish white, grayish green, purplish red tuffaceous sandstone and tuffite with interbeds of limestone lenticle Late

Jurassic.

Changling Formation () Chang Shuxun, 1988, Coal Technology of Northeast China, (6) Changling in Jilin Province Early Cretaceous Homonymous with: Changling Quartzite.

Changling Quartzite ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica,1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 116, chart 118 Changling in Hainan Province White, dark gray hard quartzite Early Devonian Homonym: Changling Formation.

Changlinggang Formation () Changlinggang Eluvial Red Soil Liu Minhou et al., 1964, Problems of Quaternary Geology, Beijing: Science Press Changgangling located 1 km southwest of Ganyintang, Guiyang City, Guzhou Province For eluvial red soil Pleistocene Homonym:Changlingkang Formation.

Changlingkang Formation () Changlingkang Series Bian Zhaoxiang, 1943, Provisional Report of Depart-

ment of Mineral Resouces Survey, Commission of Natural Resources, (38) Changlingkang in Xiuwen County, Guizhou Province Cambrian Homonymous with Changlinggang Formation. Changlingtzu Formation () Changlingtzu Stage Matsushita S, 1931, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., 1(4) Changlingtzu located 8 km southwest of Yinchengzi, 20 km northeast of Lvshun City, Liaoning Province For grayish green slate with interbeds of siliceous limestone Proterozoic.

Changliu Formation () Hu Pingzhong, Su Houxi, 1981, Tertiary System in Beibu Wan and Yinggehai

Depression, in Zeng Dingqian ed., 1981, Tertiary System of Continental Shelf of Northern South China Sea, Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 57 Changliu, Haikang County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of brownish red mudstone and grayish green mudstone, with interbeds of white siltstone Paleocene-Eocene.

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Changliucun Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tonghua City Sheet Changliucun in Hunjiang County, Jilin Province Dealing with a part in Guosong Formation Late Jurassic. Changlochen Beds () Changlochen Formation Li Yueyan, Chen Bingfan, 1939, Geological Review, 4(5): 339 Changlezhen (Changlochen) in Shehong County, Sichuan Province For sandstone with interbeds of shales Cretaceous. Changlong Formation () Yang Zunyi, Wu Shunbao, 1964, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,12(2) Changlong in Gangba County, Tibet Autonomous Region For black siliceous shales with interbeds of sandstone Early Cretaceous. Changlongshan Formation () See Longshan Formation (1). Changlu Formation () Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Zengqi, Liu Mingwei ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (37), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shandong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Changlu in Mengyin County, Shandong Province For a sequence of alternating beds of lateritic red, purplish red mudstone, sandstone and white clastics Eocene. Changlungchieh Formation () Changlungchieh Shale Wang Xiaoqing, Liu Zuyi, 1936, Memoirs of Geological Survey of Hunan, ser.B, (1) Changlongjie (Changlungchieh) in Xikuangshan, Xinhua County, Hunan Province For shales Late Devonian. Changme Formation ( ) Long Jiarong, 1982, Journal of Stratigraphy, 6(1): 41-45 The Changme village, 20 km west of Longlin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For massive limestone Early Permian.

Changning Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Changning County in Yunnan Province A formation within Mengtong Group, for grayish white, gray sericite, quartzose schist Sinian. Changning Formation () Li Wanheng, Peng Wenneng, Liu Jinxuan, Yang Changming, 1983, Earth Science, (2) Changning in Hebei Province Locally dealing with a formation within Luanxian Group Archean.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Changpaling Group ( ) Changpaling Formation Zhang Jianmo, 1958, Chinese Science Bulletin, (4) Zhangbaling (Changpaling), Chuxian County, Anhui Province For schist, phyllite and marble, with the same name subdivision in the upper part Mesoproterozoic Homonym: Zhangbaling Formation.

Changping Formation ( ) Changping Limestone Chang W Y, 1935, Bulletin of National Academy of Peiping, 6(2): 39-50 Changping District, Beijing Municipality For dark gray thick bedded chert-bearing limestone Early Cambrian Synonym: Fujunshan Forma-

tion, Fujinshan Formation, Jianchang Formation, Laozhuanghu Formation, Wushan Formation. Changpo Formation ()

Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991,Regional Geology

of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Chen Renming Changpo in Zhanzhou City, Hainan Province For a sequence of gray, blue-gray silty clay, carbonaceous oil-shale and lignite seams Miocene Homonymous with Changpo Quartzite. Changpo Quartzite ( ) Wang C C, Huo S C, 1945, Geology of the Lomachang Lead-Siliver Deposit, Litien, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36) Changpo in Xuanwei (former Rongfeng) County, Yunnan Province For quartzite Tertiary Homonym:

Changpo Formation.

Changpoung Formation () Changpoung Series Deprat J, 1912, Etude g´eologique du Yun-nan Oriental, 1, G´eologie G´eneral, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1 Changpoung in Yunnan Province Cambrian.

Changpu Formation () Li Hanming, Wang Baochen, Xu Hansen, 1994, Guangdong Geology, 9(2). First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by No.703 Guangdong Geology Team Changpu in Haifeng County, Guangdong Province For arkose with interbeds of carbonaceous mudstone Jurassic.

Changpu Formation () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xunwu Sheet Changpu in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province For basalt and andesite with interbeds of sedimentary rocks Late Jurassic.

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Changpushih Formation ( ) Changpushih Series Hu Bosu, Cheng Shaoqi, Wang Taikui, 1938, Geological Review, 3(6): 591-600 Changpushi (Changpushih) in Suining County, Hunan Province For grayish green phyllitic shales Ordovician-Silurian. Changqing Group () Zhang Zengqi, Zhang Shufang, et al., 1994 Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Changqing County, Shandong Province For the sum of Liguan Formation, Chushatung Formation and Manto Formation Early-Middle Cambrian. Changren Marble ( ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 94 The Changren village in Toudao Township, Helong County, Jilin Province For flint-nodule-bearing marble Ordovician. Changshan Group () Changshan Series, geographic name Changshan was Romanized as Tchanchan by the French (LSI) Sheng Xinfu, 1935, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser.B, 3(1) Changshan Town, Quxian County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with the sum of black banded limestone (Changshan Limestone) and slate, occasionally with interbeds of yellowish gray sandy slate or carbonaceous slate Early Ordovician Homonym: Changshan Limestone. Changshan Limestone () See Changshan Group. Changshan Shale () i. e. Changshankou Formation. Changshankou Formation () Changshan Series, Changshan Shale (Sun Y C, 1924, Contribution to the Cambrian Fauna of North China, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser.B, vol.1, fasc.4). Geographic name Changshankou was Romanized as Tchanchan by the Fench (LSI) Sun Y C, 1923, Upper Cambrian of Kaiping Basin, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 2(1-2): 93100 Changshangou (Changshankou) in Renzhuang, 1 km north of Zhaogezhuang, Kaiping, Hebei Province For a sequence of thin-bedded yellowish red, purplish shales, marls, with interbeds of thin-bedded edgewise conglomerate Late Cambrian. Changshanyu Group () No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chengde Sheet Changshanyu in Hebei Province Included Houcheng Formation, Tiaochishan Formation and Chiulungshan Formation (2) Mid Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Changshanzi Trachyte ( ) Sugai K, 1942, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 49(585) Changshanzi in Saima, Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province For trachyte Mid Jurassic.

Changsheling Formation ( ) Changsheling Gravel Beds Guo Wenkui, Gao Cunli, 1949, Recent Notes on Mineral Resources Survey, (98) Changsheling in Tiandong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gravel Pliocene.

Changshun Shale Beds () Changshun Shale Wang Chengyuan, Yin Baoan, 1984, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,23 (2) Changshun County, Guizhou Province Originally for a 30 cm

thick shale with an independent unit in rank of formation between Daihua Formation and Wangyou Formation occurring 500 m north of the valley of Muhua Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous If the Changshun Shale is included within the Gedongguan Beds, the Gedongguan Beds must be raised to member rank, and the Changshun Shale to bed rank. Changshushan Marble () Changshushan Formation Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 58 Changshushan in Jiaoxian County, Shanxi Province For marble Archean.

Changsing Limestone ( ) Changsing Formation (Oldhamina horizon), Changsing epoch (Oldhamina Fauna), Changhsing Limestone (Oldhamina horizon), geographic name Changsing was Romanized as Changhsin or Tchansin by the French (LSI) Grabau A W, 1923– 1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.I, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. Appendix, supplement A, Addition to the Palaeozoic Stratigraphy of China and Adjacent Regions, 472, 498 Changxing (Changsing or Changhsing) County, northern Zhejiang Province For a sequence of dark greenish gray, grayish black thin-bedded asphalt-bearing limestone, with interbeds of flint-bearing nodule or flint-bearing beds and black siliceous shale Late Permian Homonym: Changhsing Formation.

Changsintien Basalt () Geographic name Changsintien was Romanized as Tchansindian by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Acade-

mia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 203, chart 44 Changxindian (Changsintien), Beijing Municipality For coarse-grained basalt Pliocene Homonym of Changsintien Gravel.

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Changsintien Gravel () Geographic name Changsintien was Romanized as Tchansindian by the French (LSI) Hsieh C Y, 1933, Note on the Geology of Changsintien-Tuoli Area, southwest of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 12(4): 513-529 Changxindian (Changsintien) southwest of Beijing Municipality For gravel beds Eocene-Pliocene Homonym: Changsintien Basalt. Changtai Formation () Changtai Group No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Changdu Sheet Changtai in Baiyu County, Sichuan Province For sand, clay and gravel with interbeds of marls and lenticular or bedded basalt Neogene. Changtang Formation ( ) Changtang Series Ting W K, 1947, Reports of Geological Survey, National Institute of Geological Survey The village of Changtang, northeast of Luzhai County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Limestone with interbeds of shale Early Carboniferous Homonym of Changtang Limestone. Changtang Limestone ( ) Wang Xiaoqing, Li Mingde, Zhao Shengzheng, 1943, Provisional Reports of Department of Mineral Resouces Survey, Commission of Natural Resources, (32): 1-20 Changtang close to Dashunlong, Guiyang County, Hunan Province For limestone Early Carboniferous Homonym: Changtang Formation. Changtanzi Formation () Changtanzi Member Fan Yingnian, 1980, Early Carboniferous stratigraphy and coral fossils of northwest Sichuan, in Proceedings of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (9) Changtanzi in east of the village of Shawozi, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province For limestone Devonian. Changtien Group ( ) Changtien Series Onuki Y, 1951, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 57(605): 78-79 Zhangdian located (Changtien) north of Zibo County, Shandong Province For alternating beds of black shale, white aluminous shale, reddish brown sandy shale and limestone Late Carboniferous. Changtou Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by No.764 Team of Guangdong Bureau of Geology Changtou village in Jiazi Township, Qiongshan County, Hainan Province For brownish red conglomerate, sandstone with interbeds of alternating beds of siltstone, mudstone and grayish white sandstone Paleocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Changtsiangyen Sandstone ( ) Geographic name Changtsiangyen was Romanized as Tchentsianian by the French (LSI) Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, 1(9): 161-164 Changjiangyan (Changtsiangyen) close to Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For red coarse-grained sandstone Cretaceous.

Changtung Formation () Changtung Series Hsu K C, Ting I, 1943, Geology and Tungsten deposits of southern Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (17): 1-357 Zhangdongbei

(Changtung) close to Sanshantan, 26 km west of Yudu County, Jiangxi Province For purple sandy shale with interbeds of white shale, dark bluish gray thin-bedded limestone with carbonaceous shale and purple shale with interbeds of sandstone Early Carboniferous. Changwang Formation () Changwang Member Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991,

Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 236. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.3 Hubei Geology Team Changwang in Hubei Province For a member within the Jundian Formation Oligocene. Changwu Formation ( ) Changwu Shale Lu Yanhao, Mu Enzhi, 1955, Geological Knowledge, (2) The

Changwu village in Wuliting, 2.5 km northwest of Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province For yellowish green shale and siltstone Late Ordovician. Changxu Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Maowen-Guanxian Sheet Changxu, Sichuan Province Mid Triassic. Changyang Formation () Feng Shaonan, Xu Shouyong, Lin Jiaxing, 1984, Biostratigraphy of Chanyang Area of Changjiang River (3), Late Paleozoic, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Changyang County, Hubei Province For the stratigraphic part belong to Early Carboniferous within the upper part of Hsiehchingssu Formation Early Carboniferous Changyang Formation is the form of lithstratigraphic unit with nonlithstratigraphic meaning. Changyanwo Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoxing Sheet. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Western Sichuan Geological Research Team, Academia Sinica Changyanwo

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in west of Shilama, Jintang, Kangding County, Sichuan Province Early Carboniferous. Changyanzi Formation () Jin Chuntai et al., 1989, Bulletin of Chengdu Inst. Geol. Min. Resour., Chinese Academy of Sciences, (11) Changyanzi located at the side of the highway between Longdanxi and Maliuqiao, east of Erlangshan Mountain, Sichuan Province For grayish green mudstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle Early Silurian.

Changyao Formation () Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 12. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.3 Hubei Geology Team Changyao in Dengfeng County, Henan Province For schist, leptynite, marble, with interbeds of iron-bearing quartzite Archean.

Changyuan Limestone ( ) Lee Y Y, 1933, Contrib. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Academia Sinica, (3): 24 Zhangyuan (Changyuan) in Wuning County, Jiangxi Province For limestone Cambrian-Ordovician.

Changyucun Formation ( ) No.5 Element of Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory

Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dali Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by No.1 Element of Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Changyucun in Eryuan County, Yunnan Province For gray and white banded siltstone with interbeds of grayish white, pinkish shales Mid-Late Devonian. Changzhoucun Formation () Yu Jianzhang, Cui Shengqin, Qiu Ganlin, 1964, Acta Geologica Sinica, 44(1): 1-12 Changzhoucun in Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For quartzite Proterozoic Synonymous with Changcheng Quartzite.

Changzhougou Formation () Hebei, Tianjin and Beijing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Re-

gional Geology of Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 76. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript “Statement in the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian” by Wang Yuelun & Chen Jinbiao Changzhougou, located at Changzhoucun, north of Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For a sequence of alternating beds of quartzose sandstones and sandy shales Proterozoic Synonymous with Changcheng Quartzite.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Changzong Formation ( ) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dege Sheet Changzong in Sichuan Province Paleocene. Channaoding Formation () Channaoding Beds Liao Shifan, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1): 65-72 Channaoding in Chaling County, Hunan Province Late Devonian.

Chanyian Formation () Chanyian Series Ting V K, 1931, Sci. Quart. Nat. Univ. Peking, 2(2): 95-100 Zhanyi (Chanyian) County, Yunnan Province For white to gray thin-bedded

quartzose sandstone and green to black sandy shale, with conglomerate in the base Early Devonian Chanyian Formation is the form of lithstratigraphic unit with non-lithstratigraphic meaning.

Chaochiayu Formation () Chaochiayu Tungshan Shale Beds Yih L F, Liu C C, 1919, The Coal Fields of Ling Yu Hsien, Chihli, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (1) Zhaojiayu (Chaochiayu) located 6 km northeast of Shimenzhai, north of Shanhaiguan City, Heibei Province For shales Early Cambrian. Chaochow Formation () Rokau H, Makiyama T, 1934, Report on the Hengchun Oil Field, Kaohsiong, Chaozhou (Chaochow) in Pingtung County, Taiwan Province For a slate series Eocene-Oligocene. Chaochuan Formation () Chaochuan Beds Ju Tianyin, Chen Qishi, 1960, Zhejiang Petroleum Geology, (2) The Chaochuan village in Yongkang County, Zhejiang Province Dealing

with a formation within the Yongkang Group, for purplish red calcarenaceous, muddy siltstone, fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone and conglomerate or rhyolitic tuff Early Cretaceous. Chaofeng Formation () Chaofeng Group Ju Tianyin, 1979, Journal of Stratigraphy, 3(4) Chaofeng in Chaoshan Mountain, Yuhang County, Zhejiang Province For grayish white to dark gray thick-bedded dolomite Camrian-Ordovician. Chaoho Formation ( ) Chaoho Series, geographic name Chaoho was Romanized as Saiga by the Japanese (LSI) Saito R, 1943, Precambrian Stratigraphy of South Manchuria and North China, Mem. Geol. Inst. Manchukuo, (18): 36-104 Chaihe (Chaoho) located at southern Kaiyuan County, Liaoning Province For quartzite and dolomite slate, originally dealing with a series within Fanho System Neoproterozoic Homonym: Chaihe Formation.

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Chaohua Limestone () Chao Y T, 1929, Geological Notes in Szechuan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 8(2): 137-150 Zhaohua (Chaohua) County, Sichuan Province For dense and thinbedded gray limestone, sometimes in a strong petroleum order Triassic Synonymous with Chialing Limestone, Kialing Limestone or Jialingjiang Lime-

stone.

Chaokou Formation () Chaokou Series Li Xingxue, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(4): 411-436. First appeared in a manuscript by Tian Benyu Zhaogou (Chaokou) close to Shiguaizi, east of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For coal-bearing series Mid Jurassic.

Chaokouchung Formation ( ) Chaokouchung Limestone and Shale, geographic name Chaokouchung was Romanized as Chaokochwang or Tchjaogetchjouan by the French (LSI) Grabau A W, 1920, A Lower Permian Fauna from the Kaiping Coal Basin, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (2): 27-30 Zhaogezhuang (Chaokouchung) located 20 km northeast of Tangshan City, Hebei Province For limestone and shale Early Permian.

Chaokungshan Conglomerate () Chao C H, Ho S H, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (8): 138. First appeared in a manuscript by Chu S Zhaogongshan (Chaokungshan) between Guan County and Dayi County, Sichuan Province For conglomerate Jurassic.

Chaopishan Formation ( ) Chaopishan Eluvial Red Soil Liu Minhou et al., 1964, in Problems of Quaternary Geology, Beijing: Science Press Zhaobishan (Chaopishan), northeast of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For eluvial red soil Pleistocene Homonymous with Chaupishan Formation. Chaoshan Formation () Ju Tianyin, 1979, Notes on the Lower Paleozoic sediments of Suzhou and Hangzhou Area (Characters of transitional sedimentary region between the Yangtze and the Jiangnan types), Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(4): 294-304 Chaoshan Mountain in Yuhang County, Zhejiang Province For blackish gray, brown gray, grayish white dolomitic mudstone Early Cambrian. Chaosuo Member ( ) Compiling Group for Jiangsu and Shanghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Jiangsu Province and Shanghai Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Fang Shangming Chaosuo village in Qingshanquan Township, Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province Dealing with locally a bed of dolomite in the top of Machiakou Limestone Mid Ordovician.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chaotang Formation ( ) Chaotang Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 461 Chaotang in northeastern Jiangxi Province Light gray limestone with interbeds of purple and dark gray muddy shales Ordovician.

Chaotian Member () Zhao Jinke, Liang Xiluo, Zheng Shuoguan, 1978, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(1): 48 Chaotian Town, 30 km northeast of Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For the rock body which contains fossils of Pseudotirolitidae in Dalong Formation Late Permian Chaotian Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with

biostratigraphic meaning; Homonymous with Chaotien Formation.

Chaotiehe Formation () Jiang Chunchao, 1975, Bull. Shenyang. Inst. Geol. Min. Resour., Supplement, total no.4 Chaotiehe located west of Longchang Township, Liaoyang City, Liaoning ProvinceFor leptynite, schist and marble Palaeoproterozoic. Chaotien Formation () Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.I, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 131 Chaotian (Chao-

tien) Town, 30 km northeast of Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province Calcarenaceous nodule-bearing green shales Silurian. Chaotugou Formation ()

No.2 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Suolun Sheet Chaotugou in Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For volcanic lava, volcanic clastics, tuffaceous shales with interbeds of quartzose schist and limestone Early Carbonife-

rous.

Chaowangping Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1911, Regional Geology of

Sichuan [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 205 Chaowangping in Xide County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a formation within the Dengxiangying Group, for grayish green greywacke with interbeds of phyllite Mid Proterozoic. Chaoxian Formation () Majiashan Formation Ding Meihua, 1987, in Yang Zunyi et al., 1987, PermianTriassic Boundary, Stratigraphy and Fauna of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Chaoxian County (today Chaohu City), Anhui ProvinceDark gray thin-bedded marls or siltstone with interbeds of clay stone Late Permian New name of Majiashan Formation; Chaoxian Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit without lithostratigraphic meaning.

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Chaoyang Clay () Chaoyang Red Clay Teilhard de Chardin P, 1932 The Geology of the Weich’ang Area, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (19) Chaoyang County, Hebei Province Red clay Neogene-Quaternary Homonym of Chaoyang Formation (1). Chaoyang Diamictite (1) ( 1) Chaoyang Ice Age Accumulated Formation Compiling Group for Beijing Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Beijing Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Chaoyang District, Beijing Municipality For diamictite Pleistocene Homonymous with Chaoyang Formation (1); Homonym: Chaoyang Diamictite (2). Chaoyang Diamictite (2) ( 2) Chaoyang Till Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Table, 1977,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing Geological Publishing House Chaoyang County, Jilin Province For diamictite Pleistocene Homonymous with Chaoyang Formation (1), Chaoyang Diamictite (1). Chaoyang Formation (1) ( 1) Chaoyang Series, geographic name Chaoyang was Romanized as Tchaoian by the French (LSI) Tan H C, 1931, Geology of Eastern Jehol & Western Liaoning, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (16) Chaoyang County, Hebei ProvinceBrown red, purple, green, gray, yellow tuffite, tuffaceous conglomerate, rhyolite, and andesite with interbeds of yellow, green, gray white and black shales and coal seams Cretaceous Homonym: Chaoyang Clay, Chaoyang Diamictite(1),(2), Chaoyang Formation (2),(3). Chaoyang Formation (2) ( 2) Li Weirong, Liu Maoqiang, 1986, Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Ge-

ology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (2)Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.5, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Chaoyang in Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province For gray, yellowish green volcanic clastics, gravel-bearing tuffite with interbeds of sandstone and mudstone Late Jurassic Homonymous with Chaoyang Formation (1). Chaoyang Formation (3) ( 3) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 60 Chaoyang Township, Shangrao County, Jiangxi Province Light white dolomite, dolomitic limestone, phosphorite and apatite-bearing siliceous rocks, tuffaceous mudstone Sinian Homonymous with Chaoyang Formation (1). Chaoyangqiao Gravel () Chaoyangqiao Mud-Gravel The Working Group of Guizhou Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Seale of Southwest: Guizhou Province,

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Beijing: Geological Publishing House Chaoyangqiao, southwest of the Building of Post and Telephone in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For yellowish brown, light brown-red mud-gravel Pleistocene. Chaoyangtun Formation () Ju Ranhong, Zheng Shaocai,Yu Xihan, Pu Ronggan, Zhang Lijun, Yuan Hong, Zhang Chao, 1982, Bull. Shenyang Inst. Geol. Min. Resour., (5): 1-44 Chaoyangtun in Yonghong Township, Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province For coal measures with interbeds of tuffaceous breccia Mid-Late Jurassic.

Chaozhou Formation () Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Song Yongqiang, Zhang Zhongying, 1987, Delta of Hanjiang River, Beijing: China Ocean Press Chaozhou County, Guangdong Province For dark gray silt, silt-bearing fine-grained sands with interbeds of thinbedded fine-grained sands Holocene.

Chapeng Formation ( ) Bi Ziwei, Yang Youshi, 1992, Regional Geology of China, (3): 211 Chapeng in Fengning County, Hebei Province For purple, gray gravel-bearing sandstone, conglomerate, tuffaceous sandstone and siltstone Late Jurassic

Chapu Formation ( ) Chapu Series Tomita Torn, 1943, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 54(643) Chapu in Wutai County, Shanxi Province Pre cambrian.

Chaqiela Formation () Wang Yigang et al., 1980, Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1) Chaqiela located at the

pass close to southeast of the Gangba village, Ganba County, Tibet Autonomous Region For black, gray shales with interbeds of sandstone Early Cretaceous.

Chaqmaq Formation () Chaqmaq Series Huang T K, Choung C C, Chow T C, Bien M N, Wen W

P, 1947, Reports on geological investigation of some oil fields in Sinkiang, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (21): 59 Qiakemake (Chaqmaq) located 50 km northeast of Kuqa County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purple shale with interbeds of purplish red thick sandstone with oil Jurassic. Chaqupu Formation (  ) Chaqupu Group Tibet Integrative Geology Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Chaqupu, east of Quesangsi, Duilongdeqing County, Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region For a sequence of alternating beds of sandstone, slate, limestone and volcanic rocks Early-Mid

Triassic.

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Charang Formation ( ) Gu Zugang, Bai Jiehai, Zhang Xianting, 1992, Journal of Stratigraphy, 16(2): 96104 Charanggou valley located at the bank of Huanghe River, Hualong County, Qinghai Province For Grayish purple conglomerate, parti-coloured fine-grained conglomerate, yellow sandstone and gravel-bearing mudstone Miocene.

Charanning Formation ( ) Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 105 Charanning in Tanggula Area, Qinghai Province For biolimestone and dolomite Early Carboniferous.

Charchaq Formation () Charchaq Series, geographic name Charchaq was Romanized as Caharchak or Tchartchag by the French (LSI) Norin E, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, publ. ser. 3/1, 188 Charchaq Mt. in Kuruktag, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region  For alternating beds of mudstone, siltstone, silicalite and limestone Mid Ordovician.

Chasang Group ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaize Sheet Chasang located north of Gaize County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a sequence of alternating beds of light gray to black limestone and white quartzite Mid-Late Devonian.

Chashan Formation ( ) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet

Chashan in Shandong Province Early Cambrian.

Chashan’ao Formation ( ) Chu Cheng, 1978, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(2): 146-151. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Zhang Chenggui et al. Chashan’ao in Youxian County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of dark purplish red silt-mudstone and grayish green mudstone Paleocene.

Chashang Quartzite ( ) Chashang Quartzose Gneiss Formation Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 20. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Shen Qihan Chashang in Lanxian County, Shanxi Province For grayish white quartzite with interbeds of phyllitic schist, quartzose leptynite with interbeds of quartzite Proterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chasui Group () Lin Chaoqi, 1948, Geological Review, 13(1-2): 151 Chasui is the sum of the abbreviation for the name of former Cha-ha’er Province and Sui-yuan Province For metamorphic rocks Archean. Cha-tchong Limestone ( ) Horizon Calcarire de Cha-tchong Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1, pt.2, 106 Xiazhuang (Cha-tchong) village, southeast of Chenggong County, Yunnan Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Chating Formation ( ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongxin Sheet Chating in Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province Ordovician Synonym of Dui’ershi Formation. Chaumitien ( ) Chaumitien Limestone and Shale (Pl. XIV), geographic name Chaumitien was Romanized as Tchaomidian by the French (LSI) Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis and Blackwelder, Research in China, vol. I, 38 Chaomidian (Chaumitien) in Changqing County, Shandong Province Dealing with a formation within the Kiulong Group, for massive blue-gray banded thin-bedded limestone, grayish white thick-bedded and thin-bedded limestone with interbeds of yellowish green shale and a few purple shales, and universally of intraformational (edgewise) limestone conglomerate (wurmkalk) occur throughout the formation Late Cambrian. Chaupishan Formation ( ) Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.I, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 131 Zhaobishan (Chaupishan) in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province Late Devonian Homonym: Chaopishan Formation, Zhaobishan Formation. Chawan Formation ( ) Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 151 Chawan close to Jiuliping southwest of Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with a formation in Moshishan Group, for tuffaceous-bearing volcanic sediments, with interbeds of rhyolitlc tuff and lava Late Jurassic Synonymous with Laozhu Formation. Chaweng Formation ( ) i.e. Chalong Formation. Chayab Group () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Chayab County in Tibet Au-

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tonomous Region For purplish red and parti-coloured mudstone with interbeds of siltstone, fine-grained sandstone or in form of intercalation Jurassic. Chayab Member ( ) Chayab Quartzose Sandstone Member Yin Jixiang, Gu Shizeng, 1976, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1976(4): 295, table 3 Chayab located 10 km southwest of Quzong, Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with a member

within the upper part of Jilong Formation, for grayish white quartzose sandstone with interbeds of siltstone and sandy shale, occasionally with sands and gravel Early Permian. Chayekou Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Chayekou in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Triassic. Chayepo Formation ( ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Chayepo in Zhenba County, Shaanxi Province For a sequence of alternating beds of grayish black to black sericite-carbonaceous slate, limestone and carbonate-bearing limestone Early Carboniferous. Chayeshao Formation ( ) Wang Zunzhou et al., 1992, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (16) Chayeshao in Bandang, Ziyun County, Guizhou Province For micrite, marl and shale Early Tri-

assic.

Chayuanli Formation ( ) Chen Qishi, Xu Xiaokun, 1984, Upper Triassic coal-series and the marine in-

tercalated bed discovered in Quxian, Zhejiang, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 62-66

Chayuanli in Tianjinwu, Wuxijiang Coal Mine, Quxian County, Zhejiang Province For gray coal-bearing stratigraphy and volcanic rocks Late Triassic.

Chayuantou Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 78. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Luo Haiyan & Huang Weipei Chayuantou close to Qingjiangqiao, 19 km southwest of Yidushui, Xinning County, Hunan Province For light metamorphic sandstone with interbeds of slate and carbonaceous slate Mid Cambrian. Chayuanzi Member ( ) Chen Yuanren, 1978, Several Problems of Stratigraphy of Devonian in Longmenshan Mountain Area, Sichuan, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geological Sciences ed., Proceedings of Devonian Meeting of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 119 Chayuanzi close to Yangmaba, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province For thick-bedded massive limestone and dolomite, a member in Yangmapa Formation Mid Devonian Chayuanzi Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Chechang Member ( ) Wu Tieshan, Zhang Juxing, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pinxingguan Sheet Chechang in Shanxi Province For gneiss Archean. Chedao Formation ( ) Lai Caigen, Lin Baoyu, Guo Zhenming, 1975, The Ordovician of Marginal Area of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, Beijing: Science Press Chedao Township in Huanxian County, Gansu Province For medium-bedded nodular limestone, marl with interbeds psammitic limestone, oolitic limestone Mid Ordovician.

Chefanggou Formation () Yang Zhihua, 1991, Tectonic Lithofacies and Mineralization in Marginal Transformed Basin, Beijing: Science Press Chefanggou in Shaanxi Province Mid Devonian. Chefu Formation ( ) Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jishou Sheet Chefu in Baijing County, Hunan Province  For alternating beds of grayish black thin-bedded limestone and banded muddy limestone Late Cambrian Chefu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Cheho Formation () Chang Keng, 1941, Native antimony of Lamo, Nantan, Kuangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 21(1-2): 59-66 Chehe (Cheho) in Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For dark gray quartzite and brownish gray sandstone, with

black shale, sandstone and dark gray thin-bedded argillaceous limestone (i. e. the sum of Yilan Formation, Tangding Formation, Nabiao Formation and Luofu Formation) Early-Mid Devonian. Chejiaba Formation ()

Jin Chuntai, Wan Zhengquan, Ye Shaohua, et al., 1992, Silurian of Guangyuan,

Sichuan and Ningqiang District, Shaanxi, Chengdu: Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press Chejiaba in Yangmo Township, Chaotian District, Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For green intercalated with yellow or yellowish green siltstone and mudstone Mid Silurian. Chejiabaozi Beds () Sugai K, 1942, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 49(585): 228-230 Chejiabaozi in Saima, Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province For conglomerate Mid Jurassic.

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Chek Lep Kok Formation () Yan Weishu, 1996, Quaternary Sciences, (3): 283-285. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript of a letter by James J W C The Chek Lep Kok in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Underground stratigraphic section in WB7 Hole located at the West Lamma Channel) For netted-red-alluvium with interbeds of lake silt Pleistocene Chek Lep Kok Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with seismic-stratigraphic meaning.

Chenan Formation () Chenan Series, geographic name Chenan was Romanized as Tchjenan by the French (LSI) Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geo. Surv. China, ser.A, (9) Zhen’an (Chenan) County, Shaanxi Province For thin-bedded gray limestone, shale with interbeds of carbonaceous shale and inferior coal Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Chencai Group (1) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologicl Map: Zhuji Sheet Chencai in Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province For metamorphic volcanic deposits Mesoproterozoic. Chenchi Formation () Chenchi Coal Series Tian C C, 1943, Geological Review, 8(1-6): 115-132 Chenxi (Chenchi) County, Hunan Province Composed of light gray flint-bearing limestone with interbeds of yellow sandy shale and argillaceous limestone, black limestone intercalated with coal seams Early Permian. Chenchiayi Formation () Chenchiayi Series Zhang C, Wei S K, 1939, Geological Review, 4(2): 109122 Chenjiayi (Chenchiayi) in Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province For marbles Carboniferous.

Chenchuchong Member () Chen Chu Chung Clay Tan C C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press & the altas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections), Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (15): sheet 38, 40, 41 Zhenzhuchong (Chenchuchong) located 0.5 km north of Ziliujing, Zigong City, Sichuan Province For purplish red mudstone, sandy mudstone, with interbeds of muddy siltstone, calaareous nodule, with limestone lenticle occasionally Early Jurassic. Chencuo Formation ( ) Li Bingyuan et al., 1983, Quaternary Geology of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Chencuo, a tributary lake of Yangzhuoyong lake, Langkazi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For greenish gray, grayish black clay and fine-grained sands Holocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chengang Formation () South Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Shangcheng District The Chenggang village in Guangshan County, Henan Province Dealing with a part of Chenpeng Formation, for volcanic clastics Early Cretaceous. Chengbu Formation (-) Liu Yiren, Fu Hanying, 1985, Geological Review, 31(6): 502 Bucheng County, Hunan Province For black carbonaceous shale, grayish green shale and purplish red sandy mudstone Early Ordovician Chengbu Formation is the form of lithos-

tratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

Chengchao Formation () Chengchao Member Chen Gongxin, 1983, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Hubei, (1) Chengchao in Echeng County, Hubei Province Dealing with a formation within the Wuchang Group, for quartzite, siltstone, mudstone with interbeds of thin bedded coal seams Early Jurassic. Chengchiang Formation () Chengchiang Sandstone Hsieh C Y, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1-2): 2 Chengjiang (Chengchiang) County, Yunnan Province For whitish gray sandstone with interbeds of shale and pebble mudstone Sinian.

Chengchuan Formation () Dong Guangrong, Li Baosheng, Gao Shangyu, 1983, Journal of Desert Research, 3(2) Chengchuan close to Dishaowan located at left bank of Salawusu River, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Dealing with a part within the original Sjara Osso Gol Formation, for grayish yellow, brownish yellow, reddish brown fine-grained silt sands with interbeds of grayish green clay Pleistocene  Chengchuan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Chengdaogou Formation ( ) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet Chengdaogou located at north slope of Yejishan, Kelan County, Shanxi Province For the formation within the top of Yejishan Group Palaeoproterozoic. Chenghai Formation ( ) Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Song Yongqiang, Zhang Zhongying, 1987, Delta of Hanjiang River, Beijing: China Ocean Press Chenghai County, Guangdong Province For gray sandy silt or silty sands Holocene. Chenghsiang Quartzite (  ) Yang Jie, 1955, Dispatches of Geological Society of China, (9) Chengxiang (Chenghsiang) of Wutai County, Shanxi Province Quartzite Presinian.

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Chenghua Formation () Li S, 1944, Geography, vol.4 Chenghua in Altay Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cambrian-Ordovician. Chenghuangmiao Formation () Tu Yinjiu, Chen Chengtao, Tang Lianggui, 1992, Regional Geology of China,

(3): 249. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.312 Geology Team of Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Chenghuangmiao Temple in Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province Dealing with a formation within the Bengbu Group, composed of leptynite, gneiss, hornblendite and magnetite-quarzite Archean. Chengjiachuan Formation () Yin Hongfu, Yang Fengqing, et al., 1992, The Triassic of Qinling Mountain and Its Adjacent Area, Wuhan: Chinese University of Geosciences Press Chengjiachuan in Shaanxi Province Early Triassic  Chengjiachuan Formation is the form

of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Chengjiahe Formation () No.311 Part of Anhui Bureau of Geology, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Taihu Sheet Chengjiahe in Qianshan County, Anhui Province For the epicrustal rock of Tapei Complex Palaeoproterozoic. Chenglang Group () Ma Changxin, Liu Ronggui, Lu Degui, et al., 1992, Presinian Geology of Northeast Jiangxi, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Chenglang in Jiangxi Province Included Pishanqiao Formation, Sanchagang Formation and Wushijian Formation Neoproterozoic. Chengqianggou Formation ( ) Yang Jingzhi et al., 1962, The Carboniferous of China, Beijing: Science Press Chengqianggou located west of Huaitoutala, Delinha City, Qinghai Province For limestone Early Carboniferous. Chengqianglazi Basalt ( ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 294. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Ge Liangtao Chengqianglazi in Hunjiang City, Jilin Province For basalt Pleistocene Synonymous with Nanping Formation. Chengshan Formation (1) ( 1) Liu C C, Chao J C, 1924, Preliminary Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Kiangsu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (4) Chengshan located north of Pixian County, Jiangsu Province For quartzite with interbeds of sandstone and

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

shale, with conglomerate in the base Sinian Homonym: Chengshan Formation (2). Chengshan Formation (2) ( 2) Qu Guangsheng et al.,1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mishan Sheet Chengshan in Mishan County, Heilongjiang ProvinceFor volcanic rocks, sandstone and conglomerate, slate with interbeds of coal seams Late Permian Homonym of Chengshan Formation (1). Chengshantou Formation ( ) Chengshantou Beds Liu Minhou, Wu Shiying, Wang Yongji, Gao Jianxi, 1986, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 61-63 Chengshantou in Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong Province For paleosol with interbeds of gray silty clay and sands ( in H80-17 Hole of Yellow Sea Continental Shelf) Pleistocene. Chengteh Conglomerate () Chengteh Conglomerate Series, geographic name Chengteh was Romanized as Tchende by the French (LSI) Shimitzu S, Matsuzawa I, 1935, Rept.1st. Sci. Exp. Manchukuo, ser.II, pt.2 Chengde (Chengteh) City, Hebei Province For purplish red volcanic conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone and horn fields Early Cretaceous. Chengting Formation ( ) Xu Bei, 1987, Mid-Late Proterozoic Stratigraphy and Tectonic Paleogeography of Northwestern Jiangxi, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Chengting (or Chengshanting) located east of Xiushui County, Jiangxi province Mid Proterozoic. Chengtsiangyen Formation ( ) Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (9) Chengqiangyan (Chengtsiangyen) in Jianmenguan, south of Guanyuan County, Sichuan Province A sequence of alternating beds of lateritic,

light red and brownish yellow shale, mudstone, quartzite, pebble sandstone and conglomerate Triassic or Cretaceous.

Chengtu Clay ( ) Geographic name Chengtu was Romanized as Tchendou by the French (LSI) Thorp J, Dye D S, 1936, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(2): 225-246 Chengdu (Chengtu) City, Sichuan Province For brownish yellow clay with calcarenaceous nodule Pleistocene. Chengzihe Formation () Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Chen Guangya Chengzihe in Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province Grayish white coal-bearing clastics Early Cretaceous.

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Chengziqian Formation ( ) Chengziqian Quartzite Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku Imp. Univ., (13): 1-48 Chengziqian in Dongjiagou Coal Field, Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For quartzite Late Carboniferous.

Chengzituan Formation () Compiling Group for Liaoning Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Liaoning Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Changchun College of Geology Chengzituan in Jinxian County, Liaoning province Dealing with a formation within the Anshan Group, for hornblendite, leptynite, leucogranulite and magnetite-quartzite Archean.

Chenhang Formation () Zhang Mingshu, He Qixiang, Han Chunrui, Li Gao, Wu Jianzheng, Ju Liangjun,

1989, Geological Research on Bioherm Carbonate Rock Sedimentation of Xisha Islands, Beijing: Science Press The Chenhang Island located at southwest of Yongle Island, Xisha Islands, South China Sea For gray, grayish white marls Pleistocene. Chenhe Formation (!)

Li Fuhan et al., 1988, Precambrian of Xikang and Yunnan District, Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House Chenhe in Sichuan Province Palaeoproterozoic.

Chenjiaba Formation () Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Chengjiaba in Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of black phyllite and mudstone, with interbeds of siltstone Ordovician.

Chenjiabian Formation () Yan Youyin, Li Hanmin, 1987, Bull. Nanjing Inst. Geol. Min. Resour., 5(1) Chenjiabian close to east of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Early Carboniferous Chenjiabian Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostrati-

graphic meaning.

Chenjiachong Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Chenjiachong in Hubei Province Locally dealing with a formation within the Dagushi Group Mesoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chenjiajian Formation () Qiu Shuyu, Liu Hongfu, 1982, Bulletin of Northwest University, Special issue: Precambrian Geology, 127-159 Chenjiajian in Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For grayish white, purplish red quartzose sandstone or quartz greywacke, with interbeds of slate Palaeo proterozoic.

Chenjiashan Formation () Chenjiashan Schist Zhang Erdao, 1965, in Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, 155 The Chengjiashan village in Zhongtiaoshan Mountain Area, Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province For gray, grayish green sericitequartz-schist Proterozoic. Chenjiawan Formation (1) ( 1) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongbai Sheet Chengjiawan in Suixian County, Hubei Province For a formation within the Wanhedian Group Proterozoic Homonym:

Chenjiawan Formation (2).

Chenjiawan Formation (2) ( 2) Zhang Zhenlai, Kong Fansong, 1987, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (4), Triassic-Jurassic Period, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Chengjiawan close to Xietan, Zigui County, Hubei Province Purplish red, yellowish green mudstone, siltstone, with interbeds of quartzose sandstone and marls Mid Jurassic Homonymous with Chenjiawan Formation (1). Chenjiawo Formation () Sun Jianzhong, 1991, in Sun Jianzhong, Zhao Jingbo, et al., 1991, The Quaternary of Loess Plateau, Beijing: Science Press Chengjiawo in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province For loess Pleistocene. Chenjiaying Formation () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology

of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 249. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Chengjiawo in Ankang County, Shaanxi Province For tangerine clayly siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate Pliocene. Chenjiazhuang Formation ( ) Shanxi Stratigraphy, Academia Sinica Team, 1959, in National Stratigraphical

Comnission, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratingraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Shanxi Stratigraphy Chengjiazhuang in Sunjiagou, Ermaying, Ningwu County, Shanxi Province For grayish red, dark purple, grayish white quartzite with interbeds of mudstone Mid Triassic.

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Chenjiazui Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 266. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Chenjiazui in Yuyang City, Hunan Province For mixed layers of brownish red pebble-bearing diamictite and grayish green silt Pleistocene. Chenming Formation (" ) Chenming Series Hodak, Sun Shu, et al., 1963, Reports of Integrated Expe-

dition to the Heilongjiang River Valley, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing: Science Press Chenming in Xiaoxing’anling Mountain, Heilongjiang Province Early Cambrian. Chenpeng Formation ()

Yang Zhijian, 1961, The continental Mesozoic of the north foot of Dabieshan Mountain, Anhui Institute of Geology Chenpeng village in Guangshan County, Henan Province Composed of volcanic breccia, brecciated tuffite, volcanic tuff, andesite and rhyolite Early Cretaceous Synonymous with Guangshan Forma-

tion.

Chenxiacun Formation ( ) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Maanshan Sheet Chenxia village in Cangshan, southeast of Hanshan County, Anhui Province For the lower part of Kaochiapien Formation Early Silurian.

Chenxuantun Formation () Lin Shuji, 1982, The Classification and Correlation of Quaternary Ice Age and Inter Ice Age of Guizhou Plateau, in Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Science Conference, Beijing: Science Press Chenxuantun, west of Weining County, Guizhou Province For breccia, sands and clay Miocene-Pleistocene.

Chenzhaigou Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ruyang Sheet Chenzhaigou in Yiyang County, Henan Province For red conglomerate, sandstone, with interbeds of shale and mudstone Paleocene.

Chenzhi Formation () Sichuan Air Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qijiang Sheet Chenzhi in Sichuan Province Mid Triassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chenzhuang Group ( ) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 14 Chenzhuang in Shanxi Province Included Suojiazhuang Formation, Tuanpokou Formation and Nanying Formation Archean. Chersum Formation () Chersum Series Huang T K, 1947, Young C C, Cheng Y C, Chow T C, Bien M N, Weng W. P, Report on geological investigation of some oil fields in Sinkiang, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (21): 148 Sisumu (Chersum) Lamamiao located 22 km southwest of Wusu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Palaeozoic. Cheshuitong Formation ( ) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing Sheet Cheshuitong in Anhui Province Late

Cambrian.

Chetien Beds () Chetien Solidified Beds Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, in China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 476, chart 98. First appeared in a 1941 manuscript by Zhao Jinke & Wu Yansheng Chetian (Chetien) in Ziyuan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For white massive solidified beds Sinian Synonym: Laobao Formation. Chetou Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 205 Chetou Township, Yudu County, Jiangxi province For phosphateiron-nodule-bearing black carbonaceous shales Late Cambrian. Chetougou Formation () Li Chuankui, Qiu Zhuding, 1980, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 18(993): 198-214. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Huang Youyuan Chetougou in Tianjiazhai Township, Huanzhong County, Qinghai Province Dealing with a formation within Xining Group, for alternating beds of gray gypsiferous quartzose sandstone and sandy mudstone Miocene Chetougou Formation is the form of lithstratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Cheyanghe Formation () Lei Yizhen, Guan Shaozeng, Zhang Qingru, Sun Quanying, 1987, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (5),Cretaceous-Tertiary Period, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Cheyanghe close to Pailoukou, southwest of Cekou

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(Songzikou), Songzi County, Hubei Province For the lower part of original Pailoukou FormationEocene Cheyanghe Formation is the form of lithstratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Chiahsien Shale () Tomita Y, 1935, The minor thrust and intraformational corrugation in the middle

stream of Tsengwenchi, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 6(9). First appeared in a manuscript “The Geology of the Tapu Area Chiayi-hsien” by Lin C C Chiahsien Town, north of Kaohsiung County, Taiwan Province For shale Pliocene-Pleistocene.

Chialing Limestone () Kialing Limestone, Jialingjiang Limestone Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (9): 153 Jialing (Chialing or Kialing) River, 15 km north of Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province For limestone and dolomite, with a minor Jialingjiang Beds within the Chialing Limestone Mid Triassic Synonym: Chaohua Limestone, Jialingjiang Limestone; Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Jialingjiang Beds.

Chialingchiang Formation () Tien C J, 1938, Geological Review, 3(4): 400 Jialingjiang River in Sichuan Province Mid Devonian Homonym: Jialingjiang Beds.

Chialishan Formation ( ) Chialishan Shale Formation (Yabe H, Hanzawa S, 1930, Tertiary foraminiferous

rock of Taiwan, Sci. Rept. Tohuku Imp. Univ., ser.II, 14(1). Geographic name Chialishan was Romanized as Karisan by the Japanese (LSI) Yabe H, Hanzawa S, 1929, Jubilee Publication in Commemoration of Dr. Ogawa’s Sixtieth Birthday. First appeared in a manuscript by Sagawa Eisajir´o Chialishan in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Eocene. Chiangchiating Formation (  ) Chiangchiating Sandstone and Shale Beds Liu Huisi, Wang Chaoxiang, 1940, Bull. Geol. Surv. Khiangsi, (4): 11 The Jiangjiating (Chiangchiating) village, 22 km northeast of Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province For sandstone and shale Triassic.

Chiangpei Gravel () Geographic name Chiangpei was Romanized as Tszianbei or Kiangpei by the French(LSI) Chen B F, 1938, Geological Reviw, 3(4): 413-423. First appeared in a 1931 manuscript “Studies on Tectonics and Petroleum in the Yangtze Region of Tshungking” by Arnod Heim Jiangbei (Chiangpei) County, Chongqing Municipality For brownish red gravel bed cemented with calcareous and ferruginous clay Holocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chiangshan Formation () Chiangshan Quartzite Li Tao, Jin Weikai, 1932, Bull. Geol. Surv. Chekiang, (2) Jiangshan (Chiangshan) County, Zhejiang Province For quartzite Devonian.

Chiangyou Formation () Chiangyou Series Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (9): 137-138 Jiangyou (Chiangyou) County, Sichuan Province Devonian.

Chianlikang Sandstone ( ) Tsienlikang Sandstone Liu C C, Chao Y T, 1927, Geology of western Chekiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (9) Qianligang (Chianlikang) boundary mountain

between Shouchang County (Today Jiangde County) and Suian County, Zhejiang Province For sandstone Devonian-Carboniferous Synonym: Tsienlikang Sandstone. Chiantzushan Sandstone ( ) Huang T K, Yao H H, 1940, On the unconformity between the Triassic & Jurassic in Weiyuan, Szechuan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 20(3/4): 241-244 Jianzishan (Chiantzushan) in Jianwei County, Sichuan Province For sandstone Jurassic.

Chiaochia Formation () Guo W K, Ye C C, 1942, Temporary Report of Southwestern Department of Mineral Exploration, Former Commission on Resources, (18) Qiaojia (Chiaochia) County, Yunnan Province For nodular limestone, greenish gray shale and yellowish brown sandstone Mid Ordovician.

Chiaotang Formation ( ) Chiaotang Series or Tsiaotang Series Kao P, 1933, Geology of Yushan & Kuangtung of eastern Kiangsi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (23) Jiaotang (Chiaotang or Tsiaotang) in Guangfeng County, Jiangxi Province Cambrian.

Chiaotingshan Limestone () Hsu T Y, 1940, Marine upper Triassic fossils of Kochiu, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 20(3/4): 245-268 Jiaodingshan (Chiaotingshan) close to Gejiu (Kochiu), Yunnan Province For gray thin-bedded argillaceous limestone, with yellow thinbedded shales in the base Late Triassic.

Chiaotingtse Formation ( ) Chiaotingtse Series Tian C C, Wang H T, 1933, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (15): 8 Qiaotingzi (Chiaotingtse) close to Shuangfeng, 55 km southwest of Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province For gray, yellowish green banded shale with interbeds of silty shale and sandstone Mid Ordovician.

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Chiaotou Formation (1) () Chiaotou Quartzite, geographic name Chiaotou was Romanized as Kyoto by the Japanese (LSI) Aoji O, 1928, Proc. Imp. Acad., 4(10) Qiaotou (Chiaotou) in Benxi City, Liaoning Province For alternating beds of brownish yellow coarse-

grained quartzite and sandstone, with interbeds of grayish yellow sandy shale

Neoproterozoic Homonym: Chiaotou Formation (2).

Chiaotou Formation (2) () Chan K T, 1938, On the subdivisions of the red beds of Southeast China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 18(3-4): 301-324 Qiaotou village, north of Buqiangang, 15 km west of Yudu County, Jiangxi Province For gray limestone Devonian Homonymous with Chiaotou Formation (1); Synonym: Qingshui Formation.

Chiaotouho Limestone () Wang H T, Liu C Y, 1936, Mem. Geol. Surv. Hunan, ser.B, (1): 27 Qiaotouhe (Chiaotouho) village, 40 km southeast of Anhua County, Hunan Province For limestone Triassic.

Chiaotu Limestone () Ting V K, 1931, Sci. Quart. Nat. Univ. Peking, 2(2): 134-135 Qiaodu (Chiaotu), west of Quanxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Late Devonian.

Chiaotzushan Formation () Chiaotzushan Coal Series Yoh S S, 1929, Geological Reconnaissance of West Kuechou, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (12) Jiaozishan (Chiaotzushan), 30 km north of Anshun County, Guizhou Province For coal series Late Permian.

Chiaotzushan Limestone () Sun C C, 1934, Geology of the Yuhsien Mihsien Coal Field, Honan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (24) Jiaozishan (Chiaotzushan) in Yuxian County, Henan Province For limestone Cambrian-Ordovician.

Chiawang Formation () Chiawang Shale Hsieh C Y, 1932, The Chiawang Coal Field of Tunshan District, Kiangsu, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (18): 3 Jiawang (Chiawang) located 30 km northeast of Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province For muddy dolomite Early-Mid Ordovician.

Chiayang Formation () Chen C H, 1977, Proc. Geol. Soc. China, (20): 61-70 Chiayang between

Tachien Dam and Lhishan, South Cross Mountain Highway, Taichung County, Taiwan Province For slate and sandstone Late Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chiayi Formation () Huang T Y, 1963, Planktonic Foraminifer from the Peikang PK-3 Well in the Peikang Shelf Area, Yunlin, Taiwan, Petr. Geol. Taiwan, (2): 153-182 Chiayi County, Taiwan Province Pleistocene.

Chibuzhang Formation ( ) Yang Xibin, Lian Yuqiu, 1980, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, (4) Chibuzhang in Tibet Autonomous Region For the lower part of Jiezha Group Triassic.

Chicheng Formation () Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 278 Chicheng County, Hebei Province For light red, reddish yellow clay, with conglomerate in the base Pleistocene. Chichengshan Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yu Guohua ed.), 1996, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (33), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Zhejiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 162. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team Chichengshan in Qingxi, 0.5 km west of Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with the upper part of original Laijia Formation, for purplish red sandstone, conglomerate, pebble-bearing sandstone with interbeds of tuffite Late Cretaceous. Chichihkou Limestone (#) Chao C H, Ho S H, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (8): 135 Jichikou (Chichihkou) between Guanxian County and Dayi County, Sichuan Province For limestone Early Carboniferous.

Chichishang Shale () Chen K T, Liu H S, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (2) Jiqishang (Chichishang) village, 12 km east of Yudu County, Jiangxi Province Subdivided into three parts:

lower, dark gray or gray biyuminitic limestone and black shale; middle, green and red shales; and the upper, yellowish green quartzose sandstone Late Permian.

Chichitsao Group (>) Chichitsao Formation Norin E, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, 448 Jijicao

(Chichitsao) located 30 km southeast of Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For red, green, yellow sandstone and shales with interbeds of limestone and conglomerate Permian.

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Chichou Formation () Chichou Series Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1): 37-42 Qizhou (Chichou) located 21 km southwest of Qichun County, Hubei Province For alternating beds of sandstone, slate and quartzite with interbeds of thin bedded limestone Carboniferous-Permian.

Chidantan Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet Chidantan close to Zhongzan, Batang County, Sichuan Province For limestone with interbeds of muddy and sandy rocks, locally with dolomite and flint Permian.

Chiehlishu Formation () Chiehlishu Metamorphic Series Youyan, Fengcheng Team of Tsinghua University Team of Geological Survey, 1950, Geological Review, vol.16, 104-106 Jielishu (Chiehlishu) in Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province Proterozoic.

Chienchia Formation () Wang C C, 1920, On the Geology and Coal Resources of the District of Chi-an, An-fu and Yung Hsin in Kiangsi Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (2) Qiangjia (Chienchia) village, north of Aocheng County, Jiangxi Province For alternating

beds of red sandstone, shale and quartzite. Chienchuan Formation ()

Chienchuan Trachyte Limestone Misch P, 1945, Remarks on the tectonic his-

tory of Yunnan, with special reference to its relation to the type of the young Orogenic deformation, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.25, 133 Jianchuan (Chienchuan) County, Yunnan Province For limestone Neogene. Chienkou Limestone ()

Lee T, Chao T T, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (8): 58 Qiangou (Chienkou) located 2.5 km south of Qingping Township (original Daba), Mianzhu County, Sichuan Province For limestone Early Carboniferous.

Chienmenkuan Formation () Chianmenkuan Conglomerate Hou T F, Wang H H, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2): 171 Jianmenguan (Chienmenkuan) in Jiange County, Sichuan Province For purplish red massive quartz conglomerate Early Cretaceous.

Chiennan Formation () Chiennan Series Yoh S S, 1929, Geological Reconnaissance of West Kueichou, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (12): 14-17 Qiannan (Chiennan) in the southern Guizhou Province Devonian-Carboniferous.

140

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chienshui Limestone ( ) Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt. I, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 131 Jingshui (Chienshui) in Guanyuan County, Sichuan Province For limestone Silurian.

Chientaokou Limestone ( ) Norin E 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 47 Jiandaogou (Chientaokou) in East Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Chientapu Formation ( ) Geographic name Chientapu was Romanized as Zentaiho by the Japanese (LSI) Rokaku H, 1931, Report on the Geology of the Chiayi Oil Field, Tainan Chientapu village in Tainan County, Taiwan Province For greenish gray shaly

sandstone, with interbeds of brown loose sandstone beds in the middle part Pliocene-Pleistocene. Chienyang Formation (1) ( 1)

Yu Deyuan, Liu Guochang, Wang Chaoxiang, Bian Xiaozeng, 1952, in Chang W

Y transl.,1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhenfeng Book Co., 144, table 29 Qianyang (Chienyang) County, Hunan Province Composed of Nantou Formation and Toushantou Formation Sinian Homonym: Chienyang Formation (2).

Chienyang Formation (2) ( 2) Chienyang Coal Series, geographic name Chienyang was Romanized as Tsianian by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 379, chart 79 Qianyang (Chienyang) County, Hunan Province For white or gray sandstone with interbeds of refractory clay and black shale, with hematite, pyrite and poor coal seams Early Permian Homonymous with Chienyang Formation (1). Chifeng Loess () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991,Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Tagerine, brownish yellow clay with interbeds of brown pale soils Pleistocene. Chigang Conglomerate () Bian Zhaoxiang, Zheng Keqing, 1949, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (2) Chigang located south of Tanshexu, Huaxian County, Guangdong Province For reddish gray conglomerate Tertiary.

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Chigou Formation (#) Du Dinghan, Zhou Zhijun, Wang Wuyuan, 1986, Research of Devonian of Qinling-

Dabashan Mountains Area, Shaanxi, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press, 44. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Chigou in Niuerchuan, Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province For a sequence of sediments composed of clastics, clay and carbonate rocks Mid Devonian. Chihchiang Formation ( )

Chu T H, Sheng H F, Ho L H, 1948, Construction, 2(1) Zhijiang (Chihchiang)

located at the front of Hangzhou University close to Liuheta, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province For brownish red rudite Pleistocene Synonymous with Daxitan Clay Beds. Chih Chinpu Formation () Chih Chinpu Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of

Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1951 manuscript by Wang Shangwen Chijinbao (Chih Chinpu) located 20 km northwest of Yumen County, Gansu Province For purplish red, grayish green conglomerate, sandstone, sandy mudstone, grayish black shales with interbeds of coal and marls Early Cretaceous. Chihfeng Formation () Chihfeng Series, geographic name Chihfeng was Romanized as Tchifyn by the French (LSI) Tan H C, 1931, Geology of eastern Jehol & western Liaoning, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (16) Chifeng (Chihfeng) County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For green, gray sandy shales with interbeds of coal seams Early Cretaceous.

Chihfu Formation ( ) Chihifu Series Chao C H, 1950, Recent Notes on Mineral Resources Survey, (115). First appeared in a manuscript by the Japanese Zhifu (Chihfu) Island, 8 km east of Yantai City, Shandong Province For gravel-bearing quartzite, quartz ose schist and dolomitic schist Presinian. Chihlo Formation () Chihlo Series Pan C H, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(2): 209-215. First appeared in a 1951 manuscript by Li Desheng Zhiluo (Chihlo) Town, Fu County, southwest of Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of light yellowish green sandstone and mudstone, with interbeds of purple mudstone and thin coal seams Mid Jurassic. Chihshan Formation () Chihshan Sandstone (Lee J S, 1939), geographic name Chishan was Romanized as Tchichan by the French (LSI) Liu C C, Chao J C, 1924, Preliminary Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Kiangsu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A,

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

(4) Chishan (Chihshan) in Sancha, 13 km southwest of Jurong County, southern Jiangsu Province For massive pink sandstone Late Cretaceous. Chih-Shan-Wu Formation ( ) Chih-Shan-Wu Shale Chang W Y (translator), 1952, The Geology of China (in Chinese, translated from Lee J S ’s “The Geology of China”, 1939), 132 Chishanwu

(Chih-Shan-Wu), 5 km south of Changshan Township, Juxian County, Zhejiang Province For dark grayish green shales with interbeds of banded siliceous shales Cambrian. Chihsia Limestone See Hsihsia Limestone.

Chihsien Group () Kao C S, Hsiong Y H, Kao P, 1934, Preliminary Notes on Sinian Stratigraphy of North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(2): 243-288 Jixian (Chihsien) County, Tianjin Municipality For the sum of Yangchuang Formation, Wumishan Formation, Hungshuichuang Formation and Tiehling Formation Proterozoic. Chihyenssu Limestone () Lee Y Y, 1933, Contrib. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Academia Sinica, (3): 33 Chiyansi (Chihyenssu) in Tianjiapu, Ruichang County, Jiangxi Province For limestone Permian.

Chijiang Formation (#) Zheng Jiajian, Tong Yongsheng, Ji Hongxiang, Zhang Fa, 1973, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 11(2): 206-210 The new village of Chijiang, 20 km northeast of Dayu County, Jiangxi Province For purplish red mudstone, muddy sandstone, grayish green conglomerate, components: Lannikeng Member (lower) and Wangwu Member (upper) Paleocene. Chijianling Formation () Chijianling Gneiss Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 20. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Shen Qihan Chijianling close to Houxigou, Fangshan County, Shanxi Province For gneiss and quartz leptynite Proterozoic. Chijiatun Formation ($) Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku Imp. Univ., (13): 1-48 Chijiatun in Wuhuzui, Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For silicalite Late Carboniferous. Chijinqiao Formation () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Straigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Regional Geological

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Survey Team Chijinqiao in Chijinbao Township, Yumen City, Gansu Province For a sequence of alternating beds of yellowish brown coarse-grained sandstone, fine-grained sandstone, and siltstone, with interbeds of conglomerate Late Jurassic. Chikushan Formation () Chikushan Deposits Andersson J G, 1923, Essays on the Cenozoic of North China, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (3) Jigushan (Chikushan) in Zhoukoudian, Beijing Municipality Pleistocene. Chilin Formation ( ) Geographic name Chilin was Romanized as Kitsurin by the Japanese (LSI) Kawada M, 1932, Explanatory Text for 1:400 000 Scale Geological Map of Manchuria: Chilin Sheet, South Manchuria Railway Co. Jilin (Chilin) City, Jilin Province For sandstone-hornfels, slate-hornfels, breccia and limestone Mid Silurian and Carboniferous-Permian. Chiling Sandstone ( ) Hsieh C Y et al., 1928, Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (1): 3 Jiling (Chiling), also called Luguanjilin, Huaxian County, Guangdong Province For sandstone Carboniferous or Permian. Chilitai Shale () Lee J S, 1931, Variskian or Hercynian Movement in Southeastern China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 11(2): 209-217 Qilitai (Chilitai) in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province For shale in Chuanshan Section Early Carboniferous.

Chilongshan Conglomerate () Chilongshan Conglomerate Beds Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology

(Xiu Zelei, Zhao Xiangsheng, Wang Jianzhong, Tang Haiqing), 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Yumen Sheet Chilongshan, north of Xipo Coal Mine, southeast of Liangdang County, Gansu Province For red, reddish gray thick bedded massive conglomerate Jurassic. Chilung Group ( ) Geographic name Chilung was Romanized as Kiirun or Keelung by the Japanese (LSI) Shikawa Y, 1929, The stratigraphy of the coal field of Taiwan, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, 36(429) Chilung City, Taiwan Province For alternating beds of sandstone and shales with interbeds of coal seams, with tuffite and agglomerate in the base Miocene. Chimei Formation () South Henen Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang District Chimei in Xinyang City, Henan Province Dealing with a part within the Nanwan Formation, for metamorphic muddy sandstone Devonian.

144

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chiming Formation () Ma Xingyuan, Wang Jiayin, Geological Review, 16(1): 14 Jiming (Chiming) Hills in Xiahuayuan, Xuanhua City, Hebei Province For alternating beds of green

shale and sandstone, greenish black shale with interbeds of coal seams and database sill Jurassic. Chinchia Limestone ()

Chinchia Black Limestone Aoji O, 1928, Contributions to the Precambrian Stratigraphy of South Manchuria, Pro. Imp. Acad., 4(10): 604 Jinjiachengzi in Wuxingshan District, Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For black limestone Proterozoic.

Chinchiamiao Formation () Chinchiamiao Thin-bedded Limestone Wang Yu, 1938, Geological Review, 3(2): 137  Qinjiamiao (Chinchiamiao) in Yichang City, Hubei Province For gray thin-bedded siliceous limestone Mid Cambrian.

Chinchiashan Formation () T’an H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press &

the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets, 75 sheets of geological sections), Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (15) Jinjiashan (Chinchiashan) in Qushan Town, Anxian County, Sichuan Province For red shale, sandstone with interbeds of thin bedded limestone Carboniferous. Chinchitou Limestone () Meng H M, Chen K, 1933, Ann. Rept., Academia Sinica, (4): 180 Jinjitou

(Chinchitou in Wanggao, northeast of Zhongshan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Mid Devonian.

Chinchou Clay () Chinchou Red Clay Shikama T, 1950, Palaeontological Translation, (2) (Introduction) Jinzhou (Chinhou) in Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For red clay Pliocene Homonymous with Chinchou Formation.

Chinchou Formation () Chinchou Series Matsushita S, 1930, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., 1(1): 7-26 Jinzhou (Chinchou) between Nanguanling and Sanshilipu, north of Dalian, Liaoning Province For sandstone, slate and shale Early Cambrian.

Chinchuao Sandstone ( ) Feng K L, 1928–1929, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.2, pt.2, 33 Jinzhuao (Chinchuao) located at the boundary between Guilin City and Guhua Town, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For red sandstone Early Devonian.

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Chinchurvo Formation () Chinchurvo Coal-bearing Series Lee T C, 1932, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.4, pt.2, 14 Jinzhuwo (Chinchurvo) located 10 km west of Tiegang, Longmen County, Guangdong Province For coal-bearing strata Mid Jurassic. Chingchengshan Conglomerate ( ) Chao C H, Ho S H, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (8): 139 Qingchengshan (Chingchengshan) in Guanxian County, Sichuan Province For conglomerate Cretaceous.

Chingchengtzu Formation ( ) The Geological Survey Team of Tsinghua University, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 104-105 Qingchengzi (Chingchengtzu) in Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province For metamorphic rock series Precambrian.

Chingchi Formation () Chingchi Series, Chinhchih Series, Tsingchi Formation Li C, Chu S, 1933, Annual General Report of Academia Sinica of 1932 Qingxi (Chingchi) in Bucheng County, Hunan Province For greenish gray fine-grained sandstone, sandy shale, black muddy slate and phyllitic shale Early Cambrian. Chingchichung Limestone () Tsingchichung Limestone Tien C C, Wang H T, Hsu Y T, 1933, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (16): 26 Qingxichong (Chingchichung) in Xining Township, Changsha County, Hunan Province For limestone Permian Synonym: Tsingchichung Limestone. Chingchih Formation i.e. Chingchi Formation. Chingchuan Formation () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica,1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 176, chart 40. First appeared in a 1952 manuscript by Zhang Geng & Tian Zaiyi Jingchuan County, Gansu Province For purplish red grayish green, grayish yellow and pink mudstone, sandy mudstone, siltstone with interbeds of argillaceous limestone Early Cretaceous. Chingchungshan Quartzite (  ) Sun Dianqing, Zhou Guang, Huang Xiaokui, Duan Wanti, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(1): 32. First appeared in a manuscript by Cao Guoquan Jingzhongshan (Chingchungshan) in Qianxi District, Zunhua County, Hebei Province For the

sum of Changcheng Quartzite and Tahungyu Quartzite located at the pinch of Chuanlingkou Shale Proterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chingeryu Formation ( ) Chingeryu Limestone, geographic name Chingeryu was Romanized as Tszinerioui by the French (LSI) Kao C S, Hsiung Y H, Kao P, 1934, Preliminary Notes

on Sinian Stratigraphy of North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(2): 243-288  Jingeryu (Chingeryu) village, north of Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For red, grayish green, light blue argillaceous dolomitic limestone Proterozoic. Chingho Formation () Chingho Series, geographic name Chingho was Romanized as Tszinkhe or Kinghao by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute

of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 43, chart 9. First appeared in a manuscript by Xinjiang Team of Northwest Bureau of Geology Jinghe (Chingho) City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For tuffaceous porphyry, hornfels, slate and marble Late Devonian.

Chinghsutung Limestone () Yin T H, Chen Y J, Tsin N, 1945, Geological Review, 10(5/6): 209 Qingxudong (Chinghsutung) located 3 km south of Meitan County, Guizhou Province For black thick-bedded limestone Early Cambrian. Chingkeng Formation ( ) Chingkeng Limestone Zhang Ruixi, Li Ping, Liu Changyuan, 1951, Geological Review, 16(3-6): 74 Qingkeng (Chingkeng) in Qingyang County, Anhui Province For limestone and muddy banded limestone Late Cambrian Synonym: Hon-

glong Limestone; Homonym: Qingkeng Formation.

Chingliangshan Formation () Chingliangshan Series Ozaki K, 1941, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 48(569) Qingliangshan (Chingliangshan) in Luanxian County, Hebei Province Neoprot-erozoic. Chinglo Formation () Chinglo Series Teihard de Chardin P, Young C C, 1930, Some Correlations between the Geology of China Proper and the Geology of Mongolia, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 9(2): 119-126; See also Teihard de Chardin P, Young C C, 1930, Preliminary Observation on Pre-Loessic and Post Pontian Formations in Western Shabsi and Northern Shensi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (8) Jingle (Chinglo) County, Shanxi Province For red, dark red sandy clay Pliocene. Chinglung Formation ( ) Chinglung Limestone Liu C C, Chao J C, 1924, Preliminary Report on the

Geology and Mineral Resources of Kiangsu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (4) Qinglongshan (Chinglung) mountain, south of Longtan Town, 25 km East of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For thin-bedded limestone Early Triassic Synonymous with Tayeh Limestone.

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Chingpeikou Formation ( ) Chingpeikou Group Kao C S, Hsiung Y H, Kao P, 1934, Preliminary Notes on Sinian Stratigraphy of North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(2): 243-288 Qingbaikou (Chingpeikou) in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality Neoproterozoic. Chingpo Basalt (*) Yin T H, 1933, Geology of Ningan District (Kirin), with special reference to the origin of Chingpohu and Tiaoshuilou Falls, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.12, 345 Jingbohu (Chingpo) lake in Heilongjiang Province For black tholeiite and vesicular basalt Pleistocene. Chingshan Formation ( ) Tan H C, 1923, New Research on the Mesozoic and Early Tertiany Geology in Shantung, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, no.5, pt.2, 114 Qingshan (Chingshan) in Laiyang County, Shandong Province For tuffaceous conglomerate, tuffite, volcanic rocks and red clay Early Cretaceous Homonym: Qingshan Beds, Qing-

shan Formation (1), Qingshan Formation (2).

Chingshan Formation () Kinshan Beds (Grabau A W, 1923–1924, mistook the Chingshan, Zhejiang Province for Kinshan, Hubei Province in p. 515) Chu T H, Sun H H, 1924, Brief Report of Geological Survey of Chekiang, (1) Jingshan (Chingshan) close to Saliuxia Town, West lake, Yuhang County, Zhejiang Province Mid Ordovician. Chingshanchuan Formation (  ) Chingshanchuan Series, Chingshan Formation Hsieh C Y, 1932, The Chiawang Coal Field of Tungshan District, Kiangsu, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (18): 1-19 Qingshanquan (Chingshanchuan or Chingchuan) Station, on branch line of railway from Liuquan to Jiawang, Tongshan County, Jiangsu province For alternating beds of clay, thin-bedded limestone, sandstone and shale Carboniferous. Chingshishan Formation ( ) Chang W Y, transl., 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co. Qingshishan (Chingshishan) located 40 km north of Dingyuan County, Anhui Province For white marble with interbeds of phyllite Archean. Chingshui Formation ( ) Ting V K, Chang C T, 1919, The Coal Field of Yu Hsien, Yang Yuan and Kwang Ling, Chihli, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (1) Qingshui (Chingshui) river, south of Zhaitang village, Western Hills, Beijing Municipality Late Jurassic Homonym: Qingshui Formation Chingshuichien Shale ( ) Hsung B H, 1936, Geological Review, 1(5): 678 Qingshuijian (Chinshuichien)in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality For calcareous shale Late Carboniferous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chingtan Formation ( ) Geographic name Chingtan was Romanized as Seitan by the Japanese Ishikawa Y, 1930, Explanatory Text for the Geological Map of Taiwan: Taihoku Sheet Qingtan village, Taipei County, Taiwan Province For black shale and white coarse-grained sandstone Miocene. Chingtsowan Formation ( ) Chingtsaowan Series Weng W P, Lee T S, 1946, A preliminary study on the Quaternary glaciation of Nanshan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.26, 163-172 Qingcaowan (Chingtsaowan) in Western Huanghe Corridor, Gansu Province Pleistocene. Chingtuching Formation (  ) Chingtuching Series Sun C C, 1942, Geological Review, 7(1-3): 20 Qingtujing

(Chingtuching) north of Helishan, 24 km northwest of Yongchang, Jinchang City, Gansu Province For dark brownish red muddy rudite Jurassic. Chinhsi Formation ()

Chinhsi Series, geographic name Chinhsi was Romanized as Kinsei by the Japanese (LSI) Takahashi T, 1944, South Manchuria Railway Co., Memoir, (13) Jinxi (Chinhsi), southwest of Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province For coal-bearing strata Early Permian.

Chinhsien Formation () Chinhsien Coal Series T’an H C, Wang S W, 1930, Geological Reconnaissance along the Projected Railway Line from Nanchang to Fuchow, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14) Jinxian (Chinhsien) County, Jiangxi Province For quartzite with interbeds of silver gray shale and sandstone, with irregular coal-bearing seams in the middle part Late Permian. Chinhsien Conglomerate () Muroi W, 1940, Fishin and Lingyuan Districts, Guide Book to No.2 Excursion, Geol. Conf. Manchu., 41 Jinxian (Chinhsien) County, Liaoning Province For conglomerate Jurassic. Chinkangchuan Formation ( ) Chinkangchuan Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica,1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 135, chart, 32. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Zhan Jiahuian Jingangquan (Chinkangchuan) in Alxa You Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For yellow sandstone and conglomerate, with interbeds of brownish red clay and sands Late Cretaceous. Chinkangshan Formation () Muroi W, 1940, Fishin and Lingyuan Districts, Guide Book to No.2 Excursion, Geol. Conf. Manchu., 38 Jingangshan (Chinkangshan) in Yixian County, Liao-

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ning Province Dealing with the interbeds of the fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks between the I-Hsien Volcanics and the Huanghuashan Breccia Jurassic Synonym: Tsiotsishan Formation. Chinkuakeng Beds ( ) Geographic name Chinkuakeng was Romanized as Kinkako by the Japanese (LSI) Gan S, 1940, The Geology of the Sankyo District, Kaizangun, Taihoku Prefecture, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 11(3-4) Chinkuakeng in Tachi, Taoyuan County, Taiwan Province Chinkuakeng Beds form a member of the Tachi Group, consists mostly of yellowish brown sandstone with bluish gray or white sandstone Pliocene.

Chinlingssu Formation () Chinlingssu Series, Chinlinssu Conglomerate Beds Nisida S, 1943, Mem. Continent Res.Inst (Tairiku Kagakuin), 7(4) Jinlingsi (Chinlingssu) in Beipiao, Liaoning Province For light greenish gray sandstone and conglomerate Late Triassic Synonym: Yangshan Formation (Nisida S, 1952)

Chinmien Sandstone ( ) Chang L S, Chung C T, 1956, Geology of the Chutouchi Structure, Taiwan District, The Symposium on Petroleum Geology of Taiwan Chinmien derived from

a small hilly ridge located at south of Chutouchi, Tainan County, Taiwan Province

Composed of bluish gray fine- to medium-grained, massive sandstone, and gray

massive mudstone or siltstone with locally alternating interbeds of bluish gray shale or sandy shale in the sandstone Pliocene. Chinping Gneiss ( )

Zhu Shangqing, 1957, Bulletin of Beijing College of Geology, (2): 4, 84 Jinping (Chinping) in Hailian City, Jiangsu Province For gneiss Presinian.

Chinshachiang Formation () Chinshachiang Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute

of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 68, chart 46. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Li Pu Jinshajiang (Chinshachiang) River in Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For black phyllite, crystalline limestone, thick-bedded marble, chlorite schist, talc schist, graphite schist schistose and gneissic quartzite, garnet gneiss, and scapolite amphibolite etc Presinian. Chinshui Formation ( ) Geographic name Chinshui was Romanized as Kinsui by the Japanese (LSI) Omura I, 1928, Lectures on Oil Geology, Chikyu, 9(6) Chinshui in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Pliocene-Pleistocene Homonym with the same name

and subordinate relationships: Chinshui Shale.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chinshui Sandstone ( ) Torii K, Yoshida K, 1931, Report on the Geology of the Oil Fields of Miaoli and Chutung, Hsinchu (in Japanese). Chinshui in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For sandstone Pliocene- Pleistocene Homonymous with Chinshui Formation. Chinshui Shale ( ) Chinshui Anticline Shale Omura I, 1928, Lectures on Oil Geology, Chikyu, 9(6) Chinshui in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For alternating beds of dark bluish gray shale and sandstone, with marly nodule in the lower part PliocenePleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Chinshui Formation. Chinshuwo Formation (“”) Chinshuwo Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 476 Chinshuwo in eastern Guangdong Province For brown sandstone and coal-bearing shale Mesozoic. Chinssu Formation () Chinssu Sandstone Complex Norin E, 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 48 Jinci (Chinssu) Town, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For black shale, dark green sandy shale, dark gray quartzose sandstone, with sideritic limestone, coal seam and alum shale Late Carboniferous. Chintingshan Formation () Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Hist Geosci. Depart., Inst. Liberal Arts, National Chekiang Univ., (1): 12 Jindingshan (Chintingshan) located 15 km northwest of Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of yellowish green, grayish green reddish brown sandy shale and fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of thin bedded limestone Early Cambrian. Chipankou Schist () Chipankou Quartzite Hubbard G D, 1937, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol.48 Qipangou (Chipankou) between Guanxian County and Weizhou (Wenzhou), Sichuan Province For schist Permian. Chipao Limestone () Geographic name Chipao was Romanized as Tszipao by the French (LSI) Grabau A W, 1931, Sci. Quart. Nat. Univ. Peking, 2(2): 96-97. First appeared in a manuscript by Ting W K Jipao (Chipao) in Dushan County, Guizhou Province For dark purple limestone with interbeds of muddy dolomite, occasionally with flint. Chipen Formation ( ) Chipen Beds Chang P T, Lee C S, Industrial Technology, (116): 28-43 Chipen County, Taiwan Province For sandstone with interbeds of slate Miocene.

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Chirchun Limestone i.e. Chitichun Limestone. Chirgoostau Formation i.e. Chirrgosstau Formation. Chirrgosstau Formation () Chirgostau Formation Norin E, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, The Sino-Swedish Exp. publ.16, 190, 194 Chirrgosstau Mountain, 50 km south of Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For volcanic ash, muddy slate, quartz hornfels, limestone and diamictite and so forth Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous Synonym: Qianxia Formation.

Chisha Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuancheng Sheet The village of Chisha in Fanchang County, Anhui Province For andesite, quartzose andesite with interbeds of rhyolite and trachorheite Late Jurassic.

Chishan Formation () Ye L F, Li C, 1923, Preliminary Report of Geological Survey of Anhui, III, Bull. Geol. Surv. China Qishan (Chishan), east of Qimen County, Anhui Province For red beds Jurassic or Tertiary.

Chishan Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Penglai, Yantai,Tuofan Sheet Chishan in Shandong Province Pleistocene.

Chishan Formation () Chishan Coal Series Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & Southern Kansu, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (19) Jishan (Chishan) in Chengxian County, Gansu Province For grayish green, grayish black muddy siltstone with interbeds of sandy conglomerate, sandstone and coal seams Early Cretaceous.

Chishangou Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet Chishangou in Wangwu Township, Jiyuan County, Henan Province For schist and marble Palaeoproterozoic.

Chishanwu Formation ( ) Chen Qishi, 1991, Geology of Zhejiang, 7(2) Chishanwu located 5 km south of Changshan County, Zhejiang Province Composed of grayish white quartz conglomerate, sandstone, black mudstone, and lenticular coal seams Early Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chishi Group () Chishi Beds Chen K, 1943, Mem. Geol. Soil Surv. Fujian, Special Issue of Geology and Mineral Resouces, (2) Chishi close to Wuyigong Temple, Chongan County, Fujian Province For red, purplish red sandstone, shale and conglomerate Late Cretaceous Synonym: Chongan Formation. Chishui Formation ( ) Chishui Series Liu H S, 1940, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (5): 71 Jishui (Chishui) County, Jiangxi Province Late Triassic. Chishui Formation ( ) Li Jianhai et al., 1994, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 325-347 Chishui in Dehua County, Fujian Province For volcanic breccia and tuffite, one of components of Nanyuan Formation Late Jurassic. Chi Tai Conglomerate () Yuang P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, pl.1 Qitai (Chi Tai) County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For conglomerate Pleistocene.

Chitang Group (# ) No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Maduo County Sheet Chitang in Qinghai Province Early-Late Triassic. Chitichun Limestone ( ) Chirchun Limestone Heim A, Gansser A, 1939, Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., 73(1): 1-245 Chitichun in Ngari, Tibet Autonomous Region For red massive limestone Permian. Chiting Formation () Torii K, 1932, Report on the Geology of the Hsinhua Oil Field, Tainan Chiting village in Tainan County, Taiwan Province Pliocene-Pleistocene. Chitingling Breccia ( ) Pien C H, 1940, Geological Review, 5(4): 338 Jitingling (Chitingling) range, northwest of Shuidong Town, Xuancheng County, Anhui Province For breccia Early Permian.

Chitingshan Formation () Chitingshan Series Natsushita S, 1930, Report of Ryojun College of Engineering, 1(1) Qidingshan (Chitingshan) close to Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province For limestone, slate and quartzose sandstone Mid-Late Cambrian. Chitsun Limestone () Qicun Limestone Wang C C, Chao Y T, Tien C C, 1924, Stratigraphy of Lincheng Coal Field, Chihli Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6): 27-36 Qicun (Chitsun)

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village, 10 km northwest of Lincheng, Hebei Province For limestone Carboniferous. Chitzuchiao Formation () Chitzuchiao Series Tian Qijun, 1938, Geological Review, 3(4): 369 Qiziqiao (Chitzuchiao) located 35 km west of Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province For

gray thick-bedded limestone, with sandy shale in the middle part, composed of Yichiawan Shale and Chitzuchiao Limestone Mid Devonian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Chitzuchiao Limestone.

Chitzuchiao Limestone () Tien C C, Wang H C, Hsu Y T, 1933, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (15): 14 Qiziqiao (Chitzuchiao) located 35 km west of Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province For thick bedded limestone with interbeds of dolomitic limestone and dolomite within the upper part of the Chitzuchiao Formation Mid Devonian Homonym wity the same name and subordinate relationship: Chitzuchiao Formation. Chiuchai Limestone () Wang Y L, 1938, Brief Report of Geological Surv China, (9): 3 Jiuzhai (Chiuchai) located 40 km east of Lushan County, Guizhou Province For limestone Early Ordovician. Chiucheng Formation () Chiucheng Purple Shale Wang Y L, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1-2): 79. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang C C & Huo S C Jiucheng (Chiucheng) in Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province For purple shale Sinian Homonymous

with the Chiucheng Limestone.

Chiucheng Limestone () Wang C C, Lu C H, 1940, Geology of Kweishan Coal Field, Lusi & Lunan District, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33): 17-224 Jiucheng (Chiucheng) close to Guishan Coal Field, Lunan County, Yunnan Province For limestone Late Devonian Homonym: Chiucheng Formation.

Chiuchitan Formation () Chiuchitan Series, geographic name Chiuchitan was Romanized as Tszioutszitan by the French (LSI) Yoh S S, 1928, A Geological Reconnaissance from Chungching, Szechuan to Kueichou Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (11): 35. First appeared in a 1928 manuscript by Ting V K Jiujitan (Chiuchitan) located 5 km north of Zunyi City, Guizhou Province For yellowish green shale, grayish red dolomite, purple mudstone with interbeds of limestone Early Triassic. Chiuchuan Gravel ( ) Sun C C, 1942, Geological Review, 7(1-3): 18 Jiuquan (Chiuchuan) County, Gansu Province For gray, yellow sands, gravel, mud and gravel beds with interbeds of sand beds Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chiuchui Formation () Wang Z M, 1979, Mem. Geol. Soc. China, (3): 249-252 Chiuchui in Hualien County, Taiwan Province For marble and dolomite Geological time unknown. Chiuchungshan Formation () Mo Zhusun, Liu Chengzhan, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 128. First appeared in a 1944 manuscript by Chenkang Jiuchongshan (Chiuchungshan) close to Qihuangling in Dongbei Town, Lianxian County, Guangdong Province For black massive limestone with interbeds of black shales, with argillaceous limestone, crystalline limestone and reddish brown sandstone in the lower part Mid Devonian. Chiufeng Formation () Chiufeng Slate Formation, geographic name Chiufeng was Romanized as Kyuhun by the Japanese (LSI) Ogasawara M, 1933, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Dainanao Sheet Chiufeng-shan in Ilan County, Taiwan Province. Chiufotang Formation ( ) Chiufotang Series, geographic name was Romanized as Kyubutudo by the Japanese (LSI) Endo R,1934, Geology and Mineral Resources of Manchuria Jiufotang (Chiufotang)in Lingyuan County, Liaoning Province For purplish gray, yellowish greasily shale, shale, and siltstone with interbeds of oil shale, with conglomerate both in the base and top Early Cretaceous. Chiulaotung Formation () Chao Y T, 1929, Geological Notes in Szechuan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 8(2): 137-150 Jiulaodong (Chiulaotung) in Emeishan Mt., Emei County, Sichuan Province For purplish gray, yellowish gray to grayish black sandy shale and sandstone, with interbeds of thin bedded argillaceous limestone occasionally Early Cambrian. Chiuling Schist () Kao P, Hsu K C, (1940) 1943, Geology of West Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (16) Jiuling (Chiuling) Mountain in western Jiangxi Province For

chlorite schist, muscovite schist, talc schist, sericite schist and quartz schist etc.

Pre sinian.

Chiulishan Formation () Chiulishan Coal Series Cao S L, 1936, Geology and Mineral Resouces of Nanshao, Lushan, Baofeng, and Fangcheng Counties, Henan, Report of Geology, (7) Jiulishan (Chiulishan) located at south of Nanshao County, Henan Province For grayish yellow sandstone and black shale, with interbeds of two beds of coal Jurassic. Chiulungchang Formation () Chiulungchang Sandstone Li Yueyan, Chen Bingfan, 1939, Geological Review, 4(5): 339 Jiulongchang (Chiulungchang) in Pengxi County, Sichuan Province

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For sandstone Cretaceous.

Chiulungshan Formation (1) ( 1) Chiulungshan series Yih L F, 1920, Geology of His-shan or West Hills of Peking, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (1) Jiulongshan (Chiulungshan) in West Hills, Beijing Municipality Mid & Late Jurassic Homonym: Chiulungshan For-

mation (2).

Chiulungshan Formation (2) ( 2) Yu J C, Shu W P, 1929, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol, Nanking, (8): 448 Jiulong-

shan (Chiulungshan) located 4 km southwest of Nanzhang County, Hubei Province

Early Silurian Homonymous with Chiulungshan Formation (1).

Chiungchuszu Formation () Lu Yen-hao, 1941, Lower Cambrian Stratigraphy & trilobite fauna of Kunming, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 21(1): 71-90 Qiongzhusi (Chiungchuszu) in Western Hills, Kunming City, Yunnan Province For black, grayish green shale

with interbeds of thin bedded sandstone and chert, with limestone, phosphate marls and phosphate beds Early Cambrian.

) Geographic name Chiupaoshan was Romanized as Kuboyama by the Japanese Torii K, 1935, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tungshi Sheet Chiupaoshan in Taichung County, Taiwan Province Consists of dark gray shale with a thin layer of sandstone Miocene.

Chiupaoshan Formation (

Chiushukou Shale () Tsiushukou Shale Kobayashi T, 1930, On the Ordovician system developed in South Manchuria and North Korea, pt. III, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 37(437): 33-58 Qiushugou, east of Niuxintai, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For thin-bedded and knotty limestone, with gray slate in the lower part Ordovician.

Chiussu Formation () Chiussu Series, geographic name Chiussu was Romanized as Tsziousy by the French (LSI) Ting V K, 1931, On the Stratigraphy of the Fengninian System, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 10 (1): 31-48 The village of Jiusi (chiussu), 12 km east of Xiguan (old Datang County), Pingtang County, Guizhou Province Consists

mainly of quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of a few gray shales, with gray thinbedded muddy or sandy limestone, with black shales occasionally Early Carboniferous. Chiutienya Shale () Hsiong Y H, Luo, C Y, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2). First appeared in a manuscript by Ting V K Jiudianya (Chiutienya), north of Tongzi County, Guizhou Province For shale Early Silurian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chiutuao Formation () Chiutuao Series Wang Y L, Liu T Y, Ch’eng Y C, 1938, Geology of the Iron Ore Deposits of Ninghsiang, Hunan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (32): 1-32 Jiuduao (Chiutyao) close to Xikuangshan, Xinhua County, Hunan Province For quartzose sandstone Early Carboniferous. Chiwan Formation () Huang Zhenguo, Li Pingri, Zhang Zhongying, Li Yunhong, Qiao Pengnian, Song Yongqiang, 1983, Geomorphology of Shenzhen, Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press Chiwan located 12 km southwest of Shekou, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Dark gray silt Holocene. Chiwochai Limestone () Geographic name Chiwochai was Romanized as Tszivotchjai by the French (LSI) Grabau A W, 1931, Sci. Quart. Nat. Univ. Peking, 2(2): 97. First appeared in a manuscript by Ting V K Jiwozhai (Chiwochai) in Dushan County, Guizhou Province For grayish black siliceous dolomites and argillaceous limestone Mid Devonian. Cholan Formation ( ) Geographic name Cholan was Romanized as Takuran by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K, 1935, Explanatory Text of Geological Map of Taiwan: Tosei Sheet Cholan in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Consists chiefly of sandstone and muddy sandstone with interbeds of shale and sandy shale Pliocene. Chong’an Formation (%) Li Jianhai et al., 1994, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 343 Chong’an (today Wuyishan City), Fujian Province For purplish red sandstone and conglomerate, with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone Late Cretaceous Synonymous with Chishi Group. Chongdui Formation () Cao Ronglong, 1981, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (1) Chongdui located 18 km southeast of Xigaze City, Tibet Autonomous Region For green, purplish red muddy and siliceous siltstone, radiolarian siliceous rocks, andesite, basalt and limestone lenticle Early Cretaceous. Chonggucun Limestone () Xu Huaida et al., 1959, Stratigraphy of Guangxi, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 47. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhao Jinke Chonggucun in Yishan Coalfield, Yishan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gray thick bedded limestone Late Permian. Chongkouzi Formation () Huang Shaoxian, Du Hengjian, 1948, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (39) Chongkouzi in Alxa Shuote Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Triassic.

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Chongli Group (%) Divission of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 17. First appeared in a manuscript by Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team Chongli County, northeast of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province For hornblendite intercalated with gneiss and marble Archean. Chongshan Group (%) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province[Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 19. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Chongshan Mountain between Lancangjiang River and Nujiang River, western Yunnan Province For leptynite, schist, gneiss and marble Mid Proterozoic. Chongtaiyuan Formation () Li Jijun et al., 1996, Science in China, D: Earth Sciences, 26(4): 316-322 Chongtaiyuan in Linchuan County, Gansu Province For loess on the surface of terrace Quaternary.

Chongtashi Formation () Jiang Zhongti, 1979, Outline of Cretaceous of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, No.4 Tibet Geology Team Chongtashi in Kunlunshan Mountain, Pamir District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark calcarenaceous sandstone and shale, limestone and lateritic red conglomerate Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Synonym: Kalakashi Formation (Wang Naiwen, 1986), Bagongbulansha Formation. Chongtou Member () Xiao Weimin, Wang Hongdi, Zhang Linxin, Dong Wenlan, 1986, Early Permian

Stratigraphy and Faunas in Southern Guizhou, Guizhou: Guizhou People’s Press

Chongtou close to Saiwa, 5 km north of Sidazhai Township, 45 km south of Ziyun County, Guizhou Province For dark gray siliceous micritic banded limestone, sand, gravel limestone Early Permian.

Chongxi Formation () Liu Hongyun, Tang Jiafu, Fu Heqin, 1987, Subdivision and correlation of the Sinian system in Jiangxi Province, with special reference to concerned problems, Scientia Geologic Sinica, (2): 161-173 Chongxi in Jiangxi Province For marine continentally original volcanic rocks Neoproterozoic Synonymous with Dengshan Group. Chongyang Formation (%) Liu Yongyao, Sun Zhenhua, Yang Shaoming, 1984, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(2): 94-106 Chongyang County, Hubei Province For the marls, mudstone with in-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

terbeds of limestone within the lower part of Kaili Formation Early Cambrian. Chongzhuang Formation ( ) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jinping Sheet Chongzhuang Station on WantangKunhe Railway, in Pingbian County, Yunnan Province For grayish white quartzose sandstone and sericite-slate Early Cambrian. Chongzuo Formation (%) Bai Shunliang, Jin Shanyu, Ning Chongshan, et al., 1979, Bulletin of Peking University (Natural Science), (4) Chongzuo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Early Devonian Chongzuo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Choniukou Formation (&) Geographic name Choniukou was Romanized as Tchoouniougoou or Chounikou by the French (LSI) Yuan P L, 1925, Carboniferous Stratigraphy of Northwest Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.4, 29-38 Chouniugou (Choniukou), southwest of Wuwei County, Gansu Province For gray limestone and shale Early Carboniferous. Choshui Group ( ) Geographic name Choshui was Romanized as Dakusui by the Japanese (LSI) Ogasawara M, 1934, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Dainano Sheet Choshui-chi in Ilan County, Taiwan Province Included Szeleng Sandstone Formation, Chiufeng Slate Formation and Hanchi Formation in ascending order Eocene. Chotzushan Formation () Chotzushan Limestone Guan Shicong, Che Shuzheng, 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica,35(2):99 Zhuozishan (Chotzushan) in Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray to bluish gray limestone Early Ordovician.

Chouchiachi Formation () Chouchiachi Series Wang C H, Pien H T, 1949, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 29(1/4): 63-74 Zhoujiaxi (Chouchiachi) located 15 km east of Anhua County, Hunan Province For thick-bedded siltstone and carbonaceous shale Silurian. Chouchiakou Shale () Lee Y Y, 1940, Geological Review, 5(6): pl.II, 506 Zhoujiagou(Chouchiakou) in Leshan County, Sichuan Province For shale Jurassic Homonym: Zhoujiagou Formation (1), (2). Choueitang Limestone ( ) Horizon Calcarire de Chouei-tang Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1, pt.1 Shuitang (Choueitang) village, south of Shuitang Station, 17 km

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northeast of Chenggong County, Yunnan Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Choukoutien Granite ( ) Wang T W, 1928, Bull. Geol. Soc. Peking University, (3) Zhoukoudian (Choukoutien) close to Liulihe, Fangshan County, Beijing Municipality For granite Homonymous with Choukoutien Speleothem.

Choukoutien Limestone () Zheng Jiandong, 1957, Geological Knowledge, (8) Zhoukoudian (Choukoutien) close to Liulihe, Fangshan County, Beijing Municipality For limestone Ordovician Homonymous with Choukoutien Speleothem; Synonymous with

Machiakou Limestone.

Choukoutien Speleothem ( ) Choukoutien Cave Deposits Andersson J G, 1923, Essays on the Cenozoic of North China, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (3): 114-116 Zhoukoudian (Choukoutien) close to Liulihe, Fangshan County, Beijing Municipality For speleothem Pleistocene Homonym: Choukoutien Granite; Choukoutien Limestone.

Choushui Formation (& ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Pu’er Sheet The village of Choushuigou, Yunxian Township, Puping County (today under Simao Region), Yunnan Province For a se-

quence of alternating beds of calcarenaceous mudstone, silty mudstone, limestone and argillaceous limestone Mid Triassic.

Chouwangtsun Loess () Chouwangtsun Loess Formation Liu C Y, 1948, Contr. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica, (8): 198 Zhouwangcun (Chouwangtsun) located 50 km south of Xuancheng County, Anhui Province For loess Pleistocene.

Chuanba Formation () Wen Shixuan et al., 1981, in Liu Dong sheng ed., 1981, Proceedings of Sympo-

sium on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Beijing, China), Geological and Ecological Studies of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, vol.1, Geology, Geological History and Origin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Sciences Press. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Jiang Zhongti Chuanba in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region Early Cretaceous. Chuanchangwan Formation ( )

Chuanchangwan Coal Series Huang T K, Tseng T C, 1948(1949), Geological Review, 13(3/4): 254 Zhuanchangwan (Chuanchangwan), south of Huayingshan, Sichuan Province For coal series Late Permian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chuandishan Basalt ( ) Chuandishan Formation Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Straigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Liu Yuchu Chuandishan close to Qingyanmugou in Huadian County, Jilin Province For basalt with interbeds of tuffite and siltstone Neogene. Chuandong Member () Chuandong Formation No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qujing Sheet Chuandong located west of Xiashuanghe village, Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province For gray, grayish yellow, brownish red sandstone and silty mudstone Mid Devonian. Chuangchiawan Gravel Beds ( ) Chuang Chia Wan Gravel Wang C C, Huo C S, 1945, Phosphate Deposits of Kuanching, Sungming, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36): 27 Zhuangjiawan (Chuangchiawan) in Pingyi County, Yunnan Province For gravel beds Pleistocene.

Chuangde Formation () Wu Haoruo, 1987, Journal of Stratigraphy, 11(2) Chuangde in Jiangzi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For yellowish white thick-bedded quartzite with interbeds of gray radiolarian siliceous rocks Paleocene. Chuanjie Formation ( ) Fang Xiaosi et al., 2000, Classification of Lower, Middle and Upper Jurassic Series in Lufeng District, Yunnan, in Proceedings of Third National Stratigraphical Conference (Beijing, 2000), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 210 Chuanjie, south of Lufeng County Town, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of purplish red medium to thick-bedded mudstone and siltstone, intercalated with purplish red, grayish green limestone Mid Jurassic Chuanjie Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Chuankou Formation (1) ( 1) Chuankou Series Yuan P L, 1925, Geological Notes from Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(1): 21-28 Chuankou in Tongwei County, Gansu province For coal-bearing shale and sandstone Carboniferous Homonym: Chuankou Forma-

tion (2).

Chuankou Formation (2) ( 2) Tong Yongsheng, Wang Jingwen, 1980, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 18(1): 21-26 Chuankou in Lingbao County, Henan Province Eocene Homonymous with Chuankou Formation (1). Chuanlingkou Formation () Chuanlingkou Shale, geographic name Chuanlingkou was Romanized as Tchouanlingoou by the French (LSI) Kao C S, Hsiung Y H, Kao P, 1934, Preliminary

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Notes on Sinian Stratigraphy of North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.4, 243288 Chuanlinggou (Chuanlingkou), northeast of Jixian County, Tianjin MunicipalityFor black shale and thin-bedded sandstone, occasionally rich carbonaceous Proterozoic. Chuan-Nao-Kou Formation ( ) Chuan-Nao-Kou Series, Chuan-Nao-Koushan Group (Zhang Wentang, Fan Jiasong, LiJijin, 1958), geographic name Chuan-Nao-Kou was Romanized as Tsiouannaogou by the Frech (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica,1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 132, chart 30. First appeared in a 1938 manuscript by Wang Shangwen Quannaogou Mountain, west of Hanxia County, Gansu Province For parti-coloured sandy shale Silurian Synonym: Chuan-Nao-Koushan Group. Chuan-Nao-Koushan Group ( ) i. e. Chuan-Nao-Kou Formation. Chuanshan Formation () Chuanshan Limestone; Chuan Limestone, geographic name Chuanshan was Romanized as Tchouanchan by the French (LSI) Ting W K, 1919, Report of Shanghai Harbour Investigation, Whangpoo Conservancy Board, ser. I, (1) Chuanshan, 3 km southwest of Shimamiao, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province Light gray, bluish gray massive limestone Early Permian. Chuanshangou Formation () Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Straigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team Chuanshangou in central Amunike Mountain, Qinghai Province For dark gray limestone with interbeds of grayish green, purplish red sandy shales Early Carboniferous. Chuanshantzu Formation () Chuanshantzu Conglomerate Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku Imp. Univ., (13) Zhuanshanzi (Chuanshantzu) in Tianshifu valley, east of Xiaoshi, Benxi County, Liaoning Province For conglomerate Mid Jurassic. Chuantou Formation ( ) See Tsuantou Formation. Chuanzhumiao Formation () Chuanzhumiao Member The Southwestern Team of Qinghai Stratigraphy, Nanking Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1977, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Nanjing, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 31 Chuanzhumiao, 13 km west of Emei County, Sichuan Province Late Triassic Chuanzhumiao Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chuchiawu Formation ( ) Lee C, Chang W Y, in Chang W Y (translator), 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co, 130, table 24 Chuchiawu located 7 km southwest of Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province For limestone with interbeds of sandstone Late Carboniferous.

Chuchih Formation (') Geographic name Chuchih was Romanized as Kussysku by the Japanese (LSI) Ishikawa Y, 1930, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Toen Sheet Chuchih in Taipei County, Taiwan Province Oligocene.

Chuchih Formation () Chuchih Metamorphic Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 473 Zhuji (Chuchih) County, Zhejiang Province For

quartzite and marble followed downward by quartz-mica-schist, hornblende-schist and gneiss Proterozoic Homonym: Zhuji Formation. Chudao Formation ()

Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Chudao Island in Shandong Province Holocene.

Chuehtaikou Formation () Chuehtaikou Series, geographic name Chuehtaigou was Romanized as Tsioutaigoou by the Frech (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica,1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 154, chart 37 Quetaigou (Chuehtaikou) in Rijishan valley, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Composed mainly of red sandstone, shale and siltstone Jurassic-Cretaceous.

Chuetzeshan Limestone (“”) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 426 Zhuizishan (Chuetzeshan) in central Henan Province For dark gray limestone Ordovician.

Chugouyu Formation (() Tong Yongsheng, Wang Jingwen, 1980, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 18(1): 19-32 Chugouyu in Lushi County, Henan Province For parti-coloured mudstone, marls with interbeds of sandstone, conglomerate and lignite Eocene.

Chuhsien Formation () Chuhsien Series T’an H C, 1922, The Coal Field of Tzu-chuan & Po-shan, Shantung, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4) Juxian (Chuhsien) County, Shandong Province For red clay with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Late Cretaceous.

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Chuhsiung Formation () Leclere M A, 1902, Etude g´eologique et Miniere des Provinces Chinoises du Tonkin, Annale des Mines Chuxiong (Chuhsiung) County, Yunnan Province Tertiary.

Chuhuangkeng Formation () ) Chuhuangkeng Sandstone, geographic name Chuhuangkeng is pronounced was Syukkoko by the Japanese (LSI) Ando S, 1930, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, vol.37 Supplement to no.447 Chuhuangkeng in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Dealing with the lowest formation of the Houlungchi Group, for sandstone Miocene.

Chuishan Formation () Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989,Regional Geology of

Jiangsu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.1], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 153. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team Chuishan close to Wufengshan, Dantu County, Jiangsu Province For gray, purplish red tuffite, siltstone, volcanic breccia, with interbeds of sandy mudstone Early Cretaceous. Chujiashan Formation ()

No.3 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Chujiashan in Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For gray sericite-quartzose sandstone with interbeds of biotiteschist Sinian.

Chukiang Group () Chukiang Red Sandstone, Chuchiang Sandstone Liu C C, Chao Y T, 1927, Geology of Western Chekiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (9): 11-28 Qujiang (Chukiang) County, Zhejiang Province For purplish red sandstone, purple finegrained sandstone, with basal conglomerate in the base Late Cretaceous.

Chukiang Limestone () Hsu R L, 1937, Geological Review, 2(4): 361-376 Qujiang (Chikiang) County, Guangdong Province For limestone Early Carboniferous Synonymous with Shaokuen Limestone.

Chukoushan Beds () Geographic name Chukoushan was Romanized as Shokkozan by the Japanese (LSI) Oinouye Y, 1928, Preliminary Report on the Oil Fields of Taiwan, Japanese Navy The hill of Chukoushan in Yunlin County, Taiwan Province Consists mainly of conglomerate, sometimes intercalated with thin-beds of sandstone and shale Pliocene-Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chuku Formation ( ) Chuku Sandstone Formation, geographic name Chuku was Romanized as Sokuto by the Japanese (LSI) Ishikawa Y, 1932, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Sinten Sheet Chuku in Taipei County, Taiwan Province For dark gray muddy sandstone with interbeds of black shale Eocene-Oigocene. Chumulong Formation () Wang Naiwen et al., 1983, Acta Geologica Sinica, 57(1): 83-95. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Luo Zhongshu Chumulong in Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray, grayish green, purplish red slate, siltstone, pebble-bearing quartzose sandstone and conglomerate, with interbeds of slate Early Cretaceous. Chumure Formation () Yang Zengrong, 1985, Silurian of Southern Tibet, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Chumure located west of Yali village, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a 5.5 m thickness limestone within the Pulu Formation Early Silurian Chumure

Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

Chunchuang Formation ( ) Wang C C, Lee Y Y, 1938, Geology of the Yangchiatun Coal Field, West of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (31): 39-56 Junzhuang (Chunchuang) located 2.5 km southwest of Yangjiatun, West Hills, Beijing Municipality Carboniferous. Chungching Formation () i.e.Tshungking Formation. Chungching Gravel () Geographic name Chungching wsa Romanized as Tchountsin or Tshungking by the French (LSI) Lee C Y, 1934, The Development of the Upper Yangtze Valley, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.13, 107-118 Chongqing Municipality For gravel beds Quaternary Synonymous with Tshungking Formation.

Chungitsun Member () Chungitsun Phosphate Deposits Wang H S, 1941, A brief note on the Chungitsun phosphate deposits, Kunyang, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 21(1): 7-70 Zhongyicun (Chungitsun), 0.8 km southwest of Binzhenshuige, west of Dianchi, north of Jinning (old Kunyang) County, Yunnan Province For phosphate Early Cambrian. Chungjen Formation (% ) Chungjen Coal Series T’an H C, Wang S W, 1930, Geological reconnaissance along the projected railway line from Nanchang to Fochow, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14) Chongren (Chungjen) County, Jiangxi Province For coal measure Late Triassic-Early Jurassic.

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Chungking Formation () i.e. Tshungking Formation. Chungkuh Limestone () Lee J S, 1942, Note on a new fusulinid genus, Chusella, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 22(1/2): 171-174. First appeared in a 1940 manuscript by Chai C K Zhonggu (Chungkuh) village in Yishan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Late Permian. Chungkuhya Limestone () Fong K L, Chu H S, 1927–1928, Preliminary Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Chu Chiang, Jen Hua, Nan Hsiung and Shih Hsing District of Northern Kwangtung, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.1, 29-54 Zhongguya (Chungkuhya) in a valley, south of Mailing Mountain, 40 km north of Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For limestone Early Carboniferous. Chungli Formation () Geographic name Chungli was Romanized as Tyureki by the Japanese (LSI) Makiyama T, 1934, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tyureki Sheet Chungli in Taoyuan County, Taiwan Province Composed of gravel and clay, with a thin layer of yellowish lateritic earth on top Pleistocene.

Chungling Formation () Geographic name Chungling was Romanized as Tyurei by the Japanese (LSI) Usami M, 1936, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Giran Sheet Chungling in Ilan County, Taiwan Province Eocene. Chunglingchiao Limestone () Tan H C, Wang S W, 1930, Geological Reconnaissance along the Projected Railway Line from Nanchang to Fuchow, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14): 1-6 Zhonglingqiao (Chunglingchiao) village, 25 km northeast of Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province For limestone Permian. Chungshan Limestone (%) Lee J S, Chao K K, Chang W Y, 1941, Stratigraphic Scales of Kwangsi, Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica Chongshan (Chungshan) in Longzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Limestone Early Triassic.

Chungtiao Group () Chungtiao Series Zhang Baisheng, 1953, Notes on Geol. Soc. Xi’an, Geol. Soc. China, (1) Zhongtiao (Chungtiao) Mountain, Shanxi Province For green schist to low-amphibolite facies metamorphic complex Palaeoproterozoic. Chungtungling Formation () Chungtungling Coal Series Pien C H, Teng K C, 1949, Chihkan Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (2): 5, 16 Zhongdongling (Chungtungling) located 44 km

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

southwest of Chini, Huaxian County, Guangdong Province For grayish yellow sandstone, white coarse-grained sandstone, grayish black carbonaceous shale and thin-bedded coal seams, and with conglomerate occasionally Early Carboniferous. Chungtzeshan Formation () Chungtzeshan Series Cheng Y C, Chen K, 1935, in Hsieh C Y, Sun K, Chen K, et al, 1935, Geology of the Iron Deposits of Lower Yangtze, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (13): 155 Zhongzishan (Chungtzeshan) located 25 km southeast of Lujiang County, Anhui Province For grayish white massive quartzite with interbeds of carbonaceous shale and thin coal seams Jurassic. Chungyi Sandstone (% ) Hsu K C, Ting I, 1943, Geology and tungsten deposits of southern Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (17): 1-357 Chongyi (Chungyi) County, Jiangxi Province For sandstone Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous. Chunhuazhen Formation () Li Youjin. 1979, Exploration and Exploitation of Petroleum, 6(5)  The Oil Field in Bohai Bay, Hebei Province For the upper part of the Shahejie Formation Paleocene. Chunjieqiao Formation (!) Chen Bingwei, 1982, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (10), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Chujieqiao located at the upper

reaches of Sangqu River, Guqin, Chayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region

Purplish red sandstone and conglomerate Early Devonian.

Chunlun Formation () Stach L W, 1956, Stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the upper Ceno-

zoic sequence in the foothills region east of Chiayi and Hsinying, The Symposium on Petroleum Geology of Taiwan Chunlun close to the headwater of the northern branch of the stream Yunshuichi close to Yunshui, Chiayi County, Taiwan Province For the exposed portion of the type section consists of shale, sandy shale, and fine-grained muddy sandstone. The subsurface section consists of sandy shale Miocene. Chunshao Phyllite ( ) Huang Y S, 1940, Geology of the iron ore deposits of Imen, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Junshao (Chunshao) 12 km east of Yimen County, Yunnan Province For phyllite Early Sinian. Chunshuyao Member () Chushuyao Beds Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Henan Petroleum Geology Team Chunshuyao in Chengliu, west of

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Jiyuan County, Henan Province For alternating beds of grayish yellow, yellowish green sandstone and grayish green, grayish yellow clay Late Triassic. Chunwan Formation () Zhou Guoqiang, Chen Peiquan, Chen Yuanguang, 1984, Geological Science and Technology of Guangdong, (1) Chunwan in Yangchun County, Guangdong Province Composed mainly of sandy, muddy and calcarenaceous clastics, with interbeds of limestone Late Devonian.

Chunyang Member () Zhang Baotang, Li Chunsheng, 1984, Industrial Technology, (116): 28-43 Chunyang in Ilan County, Taiwan Province For the lower member of Lushan Formation Miocene.

Chuo’erhe Formation () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geol-

ogy of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 153. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Chu Benjun Chuo’erhe River in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For brownish red, brownish yellow muddy gravel and pebble Pleistocene. Chushan Formation () Lee C, Chu S, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica, (9): 66 Zhushan (Chushan) County, Shaanxi Province For dark gray and black limestone, calcareous shale and clayey shale Silurian.

Chushan Formation () Liu C C, Chao J C, 1924, Preliminary Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Kiangsu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (4) Qushan (Chushan) County, Jiangsu Province For augean gneiss Proterozoic.

Chushan Formation () Chushanping Formation, Wang Yu, Yu Changmin (1962) Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (15), Atlas Sheet 6 Qushanping (Chushanping) located 25 km southeast of Beichuan County, Sichuan Province Devonian.

Chushanping Formation () i.e. Chushan Formation. Chushatung Formation ( ) Chushatung Limestone Series Feng K L, Chang P S, 1952, Report of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey, Kaifeng Department of Geology Survey of CentralSouth Zhushadong (Chushatung), southwest of Pindingshan City, Henan Province For limestone and dolomitic limestone Early Cambrian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chutang Formation ( ) Chutang Coal Series Yih L F, Li C, 1924, Geology of the Coal Field of Chin Hsien an Hsuan-cheng, Anhui, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6) Zhutang (Chutang) in Guichi County, Anhui Province For yellow shale and thin flint beds, with dark gray limestone with interbeds of black shale in the middle part, with iron mining beds, gray clay and black shale in the lower part, with coal-bearing beds in the base Late Permian. Chutanlung Formation () ) Liu Yuanzhen, Yuan Zaishu, 1951, Bull. Geol. Central-South China, (3) Chutanlong (Chutanlung) in Sandu Coal Field, Zixing County, Hunan Province For

coarse-grained sandstone, black shale and sandy shale with interbeds of coal seams

Late Triassic.

Chutouchi Formation () Ho C S, 1956, Proc. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (8) Chutouchi village, northeast of Nanhua, Tainan County, Taiwan Province Miocene.

Chutougou Formation (() Chutoukou Series Zhou Dezhong, Huang Shaoxian, 1941, Special Report of Department of Mineral Survey, (18) Chutougou located 15 km east of Qiaojia County, Yunnan Province For green, purplish gray mudstone with interbeds of thin bedded limestone Early Silurian.

Chutouling Gneiss ( ) Chang C Y, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 85 Zhutouling (Chutouling) close to Baimaguan, Miyun County, Hebei Province For gneiss Archean.

Chutun Formation () Sun C C, 1934, Geology of the Yuhsien Mihsien Coal Field, Honan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (24): 3 Zhutun (Chutun) village, 15 km southwest of Yu County, Henan Province For coal-bearing strata Permian. Chutung Conglomerate () Geographic name Chutung was Romanized as Tikuyo by the Japanese (LSI) Tan K, Rin T, 1934, On the Syokkozan Formation, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 24(130) Chutung in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province For conglomerate Pliocene-Pleistocene Homonymous with Chutung Formation; Synonymous with Kuansi Conglomerate. Chutung Formation () Geographic name Chutung was Romanized as Tikuyo by the Japanese (LSI) Ishikawa Y, 1930, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tikuto Sheet Chutung in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province Composed of sandstone, shale and conglomerate in the upper part. Conglomerate is developed close to Chutung,

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containing pebbles of sandstone, basalt and rarely coal, and thinning out southwest Miocene-Pleistocene Homonym: Chutung Conglomerate. Chutzung Formation ( ) Chutzung Series Li Pu, 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Quzong (Chutzung) in Bomi District, Tibet Autonomous Region For slate, sandy shale Carboniferous Homonym: Quzong Formation.

Chuyuantsun Formation () Chuyuantsun Sand Chen K T, Huang K H, 1949, Temporary Report Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (37): 11 Zhuyuancun (Chuyuantsun), northeast of Huaxu, southeast of Maoming County, Guangdong Province For yellowish white fine sand with clay-bearing occasionally Pleistocene.

Chuyunshan Group ()) Geographic name Chuyunshan was Romanized as Idumoyama by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K, 1935, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tosei Sheet Chuyunshan Hill in Tungshih, Taichung County, Taiwan Province Oligo-

cene-Miocene.

Cigang Formation ( ) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Changdu Sheet Cigang in Guxue District, Derong County, Sichuan Province For purplish red, gray sandy slate intercalated with oolitic limestone, marls and limestone Early Triassic.

Cishan Formation ( ) Yan Youyin, Li Hanmin, 1987, Bull. Nanjing Inst. Geol. Min. Resour., 5(1) Cishan in eastern Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Early Carboniferous Cishan

Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Ciweigou Formation ()

No.6 Jilin Geology Survey Team, 1991, Jilin Geology, (4) Ciweigou in Yanbian District, Jilin Province For the volcanic rocks in the lower part of Tuntianying Formation Mid Jurassic.

Cixian Formation () Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Hebei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 135 Cixian County, Hebei Province Dealing with the limestone belong to the part of Early Ordovician Epode in local Machiakou Limestone Early Ordovician Cixian Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Ciying Formation ( ) Ciyinghu Lignite Beds Hsieh C Y, 1941, Special Report of Southwest Department of Geological Survey, (1) Ciying in Qujing County, Yunnan Province For red, gray, yellowish white clay with interbeds of conglomerate, mudstone and lignite Pliocene. Cizhuping Formation ( ) Yang Xianhe, 1976, Newsletter of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, (8) Cizhuping in Suxiong, Ganluo County, Sichuan Province Dealing

with the formation within the Ebian Group, for alternating beds of metamorphic fine-grained sandstone, siltstone and slate Mid proterozoic.

Congla Formation () Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Changdu Sheet Congla in north of Walasi Temple, Jiangda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a sequence of alternating beds of sandstone, conglomerate and slate Mid Triassic. Cuicun Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen, Qinyuan Sheets Cucun in Shanxi Province Pliocene.

Cuigang Formation () Sui Liancheng et al., 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xunkexian Sheet etc. Cuigang Township in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province Early Devonian. Cuiganglinchang Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 115. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Sun Shangmo Cuiganglinchang in Cuigang Township, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For muddy slate, mixed sandstone, quartzose sandstone, siliceous slate and limestone Early Carboniferous. Cuijiaao Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Puqi sheet Cuijiaao in Hubei Province For a formation within the Lengjiaxi Group Proterozoic Synonym: Pingyuan Formation. Cuijiagou Formation () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science

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Press Cuijiagou in Dazhuba, Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province For yellowish green shales with interbeds of sandstone or black shale, locally with siliceous rock Early Silurian. Cuijiatun Formation () Yu Jianzhang, Cui Shengqin, Qiu Ganlin, 1964, Acta Geologica Sinica, 44(1): 1-12 Cuijiatun in Beishan, Jinxian County, Liaoning province For silty shale, glauconitic siltstone and stromatolitic limestone Presinian.

Cuiyibi Formation () No.2 Element of Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiongdian Sheet Cuiyibi in Yunnan Province Late Triassic.

Cuizhuang Formation ( ) Cuizhuang Shale Han Yingshan, Yan Lianquan, 1952, Report on Geology and

Mineral Resources Survey of western Henan, Kaifeng Element of Central South Geology Survey Cuizhuang in Hongjian, Ruyang County, Henan Province For purple thin-bedded quartzite with interbeds of green, purplish red thin bedded shale, with parti-coloured paper shales Proterozoic. Cunbang Granite (" )

Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Materials of

Geology and Mineral Resources Survey in Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 21

Cunbang located west of Chaya River, Tibet Autonomous Region For granite Jurassic or post Jurassic.

Cuobuzha Formation () Han Tonglin, 1983, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2) Beijing: Geological Publishing House Cuobuzha in Tibet Autonomous Region Carboniferous.

Cuoguo Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gadake Sheet Cuoguo in Wuma District, Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For quartzite with interbeds of limestone and siliceous rocks Mid Jurassic.

Cuojiangding Group ( ) Tibet Regional Geologial Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet Cuojiangding in Saga County, Tibet Autonomous Region Included Jiweng Formation (lower) and Rikangba Formation (upper) Paleocene-Eocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Cuojuri Formation ( ) Ji Liuxiang, 1994, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 374-380 Cuojuri in Zaduo County, Qinghai Province Dealing with the formation within the lowest part of the Fenghuoshan Group, for red conglomerate and sandstone with interbeds of siltstone and copper-bearing shales Early Cretaceous. Cuowa Formation () No.3 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mangkang, Yanjing Sheet Cuowa in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Cretaceous.

D Da’an Formation (1) ( 1) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuncheng, Sanmenxia Sheet Da’an village in Pinglu County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the component formation within the upper part of Pinglu Group, for brownish red mudstone, brownish yellow sandstone with interbeds of dolomite and lignite Paleogene Synonym: Xiao’an Formation; Homonym: Da’an Formation (2), (3). Da’an Formation (2) ( 2) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, table 41. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Henan Institute of Geology Da’an in Ruyang County, Henan Province For volcanic effusive rock Pleistocene Homonymous with Da’an Formation (1).

Da’an Formation (3) ( 3) Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Da’an County, Jilin Province Composed of grayish green, yellowish green, grayish white sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone Neogene Homonymous with Da’an Formation (1). Da’an Limestone () Huang T K, Tseng T C, 1948, Geolgical Review, 13(3-4): 254 Da’an Temple in Huayingshan Mountain, Sichuan Province For limestone Early Permian. Da’ancun Quartzite ( ) Mu E C, 1948, Geolgical Review, 13(3-4): 158 Da’an village close to Yulin Harbour, Hainan Province For quartzite Devonian. Da’ao Limestone ()) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Da’ao village, southeast of Xiaoshi, Benxi County, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Da’aozi Formation ()) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Da’aozi in Yunnan Province Early Permian. Daba Formation (1) ( 1) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongning Sheet Daba in Yongning County, Yunnan Province Late Triassic Homonym: Daba Formation (2).

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Daba Formation (2) ( 2) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xiang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 106. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Daba in Zonghe District, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province For gray, yellowish gray sericitic slate and siltstone, with interbeds of sandstone and pebble-bearing sandstone Early Permian Homonymous with Daba Formation (1). Dabaidi Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology

of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 76. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team Dabaidi located 55 km northwest of Xiafeng Town, Anji County, Zhejiang Province For dark gray, yellowish green siltstone, purplish red fine-coarse-grained sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone Early Silurian. Dabaimei Formation () Wang C C, Lee Y Y, 1938, Geology of the Yang-chiatun Coal Field, West of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (31) Dabaimei close to Yangchiatun, West Hills, Beijing Municipality For coal measures Carboniferous-Permian.

Dabalao Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Dabalao in Xialazi southwest of Bolin, Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For clastics and a few carbonate rocks Early Ordovician.

Dabangou Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dabangou in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For marble, oolitic limestone and edgewise conglomerate Early Devonian.

Dabanqiao Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 29 Danbanqiao in Baoxing County, Sichuan Province For a component formation within the Yanjing Group OrdovicianDevonian.

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Dabanshan Group () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 62 Dabanshan in Longxi County, Gansu Province For schist and gneiss Proterozoic. Dabao Formation () Dabao Series Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Dabao close to Tianshifu, Benxi County, Liaoning Province For black, grayish green shale and sandstone, with interbeds of coal seams and conglomerate in the base Jurassic. Dabaoshan Gneiss (  ) Yin Guanghou, Zhang Jinliang, Chen Sijun, 1988, Yunnan Geology, 17(1): 17-26 Dabaoshan, west of Qingkoutang, Weixi County, Yunnan Province For gneiss Proterozoic. Dabashan Formation () Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Qu Guangsheng et al.), 1984,

Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mishan Sheet, Jidong Sheet, Hulin Sheet, Hutou Sheet and Xinkaihu Farm Sheet Dabashan Mountain between northern Sichuan Province and southern Shaanxi Province For yellowish green sandy shale and sandstone Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Dabashan Shale. Dabashan Shale () Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & Southern Kansu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (19) Dabashan Mountain between northern Sichuan Province and southern Shaanxi Province For yellowish green sandy shale and sandstone Silurian Homonym: Dabashan Formation. Dabeigou Formation () No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologial Map: Pingquan Sheet The village of Dabeigou in Lahaigou Township, Luanping County, Hebei Province Composed of volcanic clastics Late Jurassic-Late Cretaceous.

Dabielakenghe Formation ( ) Wang Xiuzhang, 1963, in Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River Valley, Academia Sinica ed., 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol.1, Beijing: Science Press Dabielakenghe in Heilongjiang Province For a sequence of parti-coloured thinbedded silicalite with interbeds of limestone Triassic Synonym: Dajiahe Formation. Dabinggou Formation () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral

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Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dabinggou in Tianjun County, Qinghai Province For a sequence of alternating beds of black sand-bearing dolomite, purplish red siltstone and quartzite Early Carboniferous. Dabo Formation () Gui Tieying, 1991, in Liang Dingyi, Zhang Yizhi, et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Dabo in Tibet Autonomous Region For a component formation within the top of Risong Group Mid Jurassic.

Dabu Formation () Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Zengqi et al. ed.),

1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (37), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shandong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by No.7 Shandong Geology Team The village of Dabu in Xiaobuling Township, Tancheng County, Shandong Province For sands and gravel beds Pleistocene. Dabu Formation (-) Zhai Renjie, Zheng Jiajian, Tong Yongsheng, 1978, Memoires of Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ser.A, (13): 126-131 The Dabu station located 100 km east of Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish white sandstone with interbeds of purplish red mudstone Eocene.

Dabu’ergan Formation () Compiling Group for Ningxia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dabu’ergan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For a component formation within the original Alxa Group Archean. Dabuka Formation ()

Zhao Jinxi, 1985, in Stratigraphy of China (11), The Jurassic of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House The village of Dabuka, east of Dayi District, Qamdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red mudstone and yellowish green sandstone, locally with interbeds of conglomerate Mid Jurassic.

Dabulasiwula Group () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Ge-

ology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resouces of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript of classified material by Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team Dabulasiwula in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Presinian.

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Dabusuhuduge Formation () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Ge-

ology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resouces of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 37. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by No.103 Geology Team of Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology Dabusuhuduge in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a component formation within the lower part of the Dabulasiwula Group Presinian. Dabusumu Formation () Dabusumu Series, geographic name Dabusumu was Romanized as Dabou-Soume by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of

Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 22, chart 5 Dabusumu in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For sandstone, shales and conglomerate Early Permian. Dabusushan Formation () i. e. Dabusuwula Formation. Dabusuwula Formation ()

Dabusushan Formation, Dabuwula Formation (The Lithostratigraphic Dictionary of China, 2000) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991,

Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resouces of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 37. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.3 Ningxia Geology Team Dabusuwula in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a component formation within the lower part of the Alxa Group Archean.

Dabuwula Formation () i. e. Dabusuwula Formation. Dabuxun Formation () Liu Zechun, Sun Shiying, Yang Fan, Zhou Zhuhong, 1990, Science in China, B: Chemistry, (11): 1 202-1 213 Dabuxun lake located at three lakes district in the central of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For the brownish yellow silt-bearing halilith beds Holocene.

Dacangfang Formation (7) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology,

1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Neixiang Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Henan Petroleum Geology Team Dacangfang in Xichuan County, Henan Province For alternating beds of reddish brown, lateritic red gravel-bearing sandy mudstone, muddy sandstone Eocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dacaoping Formation ( ) Bai Jin, Gao Yadong, Xu Wenzheng, et al., 1982, On the Tectonic Evolution of the Wutai Group in Wutaishan Mountain District, in Proceedings of Geological Tectonics, (II), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dacaoping in Shanxi Province For a component formation within the Taihuai Subgroup Archean. Dacaotan Group ( ) Dacaotan Series, Dacaotanling Group Huang Zhenhui, 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Dacaotan, 29 km southwest of Zhangxian County, Gansu Province For a sequence of quartzite, sandy shale, with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone Late Devonian. Dacaozi Formation (>) Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Table of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.4 Element of No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Dacaozi in Ninglang County, Yunnan Province Composed of grayish white gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone intercalated with black shales and limestone Mid Devonian. Dachaigou Formation ( ) Liu Guangcai et al., 1987, Late Palaeozoic Stratigraphy of Qimantage, Qinghai Province, Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press Dachaigou in Golmud City, Qinghai Province For grayish black limestone, dolomitic limestone and dolomite Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Dachang Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Dachang in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region Carboniferous. Dachenling Formation () Li Weiran, Yu Congliu, 1965, Geological Review, 23(6): 510-511 Dachenling in Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province For massive dolomitic limestone Early

Cambrian.

Dadaigou Formation () Pan Jiang, Huo Fucheng, Cao Jingxuan, Gu Qichang, Liu Shifan, Gao Lianda, Liu Chun, 1987, Continental Devonian and Fauna of Ningxia, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dadaigou in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Late Devonian. Dade Group () Xia Zongshi et al., 1978, Brief Introduction on the Devonian of Sichuan, in Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geologial Sciences

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ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 98-103 Dade in Yanbian District, Sichuan Province For oolitic limestone and limestone Late Devonian. Dadianzi Formation () Wang Sien, 1986, Research on Late Mesozoic Stratigraphy of Northern Hebei, in Contribution to Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (15) Dadianzi in Luanping County, Hebei Province  Dealing with the 5-10 beds within Jingshang-Donggou Section Late Jurassic Dadianzi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Dadingzishan Formation () Dadingzishan Accumulated Rocks Kang Baoxiang, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaojiahe Sheet, Raohe County Sheet Dadingzishan in Raohe County, Heilongjiang Province For ultramafic rocks and magic rocks Early Triassic. Dadongchang Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by No.3 Element of Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Dadongchang in Mingguang, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province For dark gray limestone, dolomitic limestone, with siliceous bands Early Permian. Dadongla Limestone ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 80, chart 96 Dadongla in Guizhou Province For grayish black thin-bedded argillaceous limestone with interbeds of dark gray shales Cambrian. Dadongsang Formation () Han Tonglin, 1983, Discussion on the Palaeozoic and its sequence of northeastern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2): 93-103 Dadongsang in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Cretaceous. Dadun Formation () Chen Xixiang et al., 1988, Quaternary Geology of Xu-Huai District, Jiangsu, Beijing: China Ocean Press Dadun, 26 km north of Pixian County, Jiangsu Province For alternating beds of brown, red, yellow, and gray silty clay and silty sands Holocene. Daduo Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yadong Sheet Daduo in Xainza District, Tibet Autonomous Region Paleocene-Eocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Da’erbute Formation () Li Peiji, Zeng Yasheng, 1959, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Karamay Sheet Da’erbute in Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For mudstone, tuffaceous siltstone, conglomerate and tuff Mid Devonian. Da’erdang Formation ( ) Sichuan Air Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Langzhong, Deyang, Santai, Jianyang and Zigong Sheet Da’erdang in Sichuan Province For a component formation within the Jiading Group Late Cretaceous. Da’erdong Formation () Tibet Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1980, Geological Review, 26(2): 162. First appeared in a manuscript by Xia Daixiang Da’erdong in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray thin-bedded limestone and marls Early

Devonian.

Da’erleikebulake Formation () Wu Wenkui, Jiang Changyi, Yang Fu, 1992, On the Palaeozoic Evolution of Crust and Its Mineralizing Process, Xi’an: Shaanxi Science and Technology Press. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Wang Ruhong et al. Da’erleikebulake in Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of limestone, dolomite, marble and quartzite, with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Mid Devonian. Dafeng Formation ( ) Zhang Xianqiu, 1982, Proceedings of Geological Society of Guangdong, (2) Dafeng in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For conglomerate, gravelbearing sandstone, intercalated with sandstone, siltstone and sandy mudstone Late

Cretaceous.

Dafenggou Formation () Du Dinghan, Zhou Zhijun, Wang Wuyuan, 1986, Research on the Devonian System of the Qinling-Dabashan Mountains District, Shaanxi, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press, 31. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by No.1 Shaanxi Geology Team Dafenggou in Luohe, Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province For iron-bearing quartzose sandstone with interbeds of slate and argillaceous limestone Mid Devonian Dafenggou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Dafenggou Formation () Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Qichang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (64), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 73. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript of classified matter by Regional Geological Survey Team, Xi’an College of Geology (1992) Dafenggou

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in Pingluo County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For the component formation within the Baijijigou Group, for light gray, yellowish green conglomerate and sandstone Triassic. Dafengmen Formation () Dafengmen Member Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, et al., 1965, Chinese Science Bulletin, (12) Dafengmen located 3.5 km north of Beiliu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a member within the original Beiliu Formation Mid Devonian.

Dagancun Formation () Chen Zhepei, Zhong Shengzhong, Huang Liangjun, 1985, Geological Science and Technology of Guangdong, (2) Dagancun in Yaliang Township, Sanya City, Hainan Province For metamorphic conglomerate, slate and micrite Mid Sil-

urian.

Dagangding Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang,

ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 37. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team (1992) Dagangding in Nanxiang Township, Yunfu County, Guangdong Province For grayish white sandstone and conglomerate Early Carboniferous.

Dagangou Formation () Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dagangou in Wutumeiren Township, Golmud City, Qinghai Province For a sequence of parti-coloured conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, with limestone in the upper part Carboniferous. Daganshan Formation ()

Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang,

ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 20. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by No.728 Guangdong Geology Team Daganshan close to Dajiangping, Yunfu County, Guangdong Province For rhythmic beds of volcanic siliceous Fe-Mn-bearing rocks and muddy shale Sinian. Dagaoling Limestone ( )

Meng H M, Chang K 1933, Annual General Report of Academia Sinica of 1930, 147-149 Dagaoling, southeast of Pingdizhai, Xiwan, Hexian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Early Carboniferous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dagelagebulake Group () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Explanatory Text

of 1:2 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Dagelagebulake in the middle part of Mt. Kuruktag, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For migmatite, hornblende gneiss with interbeds of leptynite Palaeoproterozoic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Dagelake-

bulake Formation.

Dagelakebulake Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 55 Dagelakebulake in Kuruktag Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For light red, grayish green granite-gneiss Presinian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Dagelagebulake Group. Dageng Formation () Liu Yongyao, Sun Zhenhua, Yang Shaoming, 1984, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(2): 94-106 Dageng in Tongshan County, Hubei Province For gray silty shale with interbeds of lenticle of limestone Early Ordovician.

Dagou Formation () Cao Jiaxin, 1980, Quaternaria Sinica, 5(1) Dagou in Wanggong Township, Taigu County, Shanxi Province For a sequence of yellow gravel beds, grayish purple clay and sandy clay Pleistocene.

Dagouwan Formation () Yuan Baoyin, 1978, Sedimentary environment and stratigraphical subdivision of Sjara Osso-Gol Formation, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (3): 234-245 Dagouwan

at the side of the river Sjara Osso-Gol, the southern margin of Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Dealing with the upper part of the original Sjara Osso-Gol Formation, which consists of three part: the lower one, lacustrine deposits; the middle one, mainly alluvial deposit; and the upper one, lake-swamp deposits (i.e. Dagouwan Formation) Pleistocene. Dagu Diamictite ()

Dagu Ice Age Accumulation Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 23 Dagu close to Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province Composed of mud-gravel and fine-grained mud Pleistocene.

Daguandong Formation () i.e. Daguanshan Formation.

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Daguanshan Formation () Daguandong Formation Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team (Wu Tieshan) & North China Institute of Geology (Bai Jin), 1964, Geological Information of Science and Technology of North China, (1) Daguanshan close to Dongye, Shanxi Province For greenish gray, grayish white dolomitic marbles Proterozoic. Daguding Member () Daguding Formation Northeastern Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text of Integrative Regional Geological Survey of the Shangrao District, Jiangxi The Daguding hill close to Jinshanqing Palace, southwest of Guixi County, Jiangxi Province For stratigraphic body of acidic volcanic clastics Late Jurassic. Daguiping Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingli Sheet Daguiping in Shaanxi Province For carbonaceous and siliceous slate with interbeds of coal seams Early Silurian.

Daguonuma Formation ( ) Wang Naiwen, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8) Daguonuma in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For intermediate volcanic rocks with interbeds of limestone, tuffite, tuffaceous sandstone and shales Cretaceous. Dagupo Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Hunan Institute of Geology Synonymous with Dahupo Formation. Dagushan Basalt () Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yushuo, 1984, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 32 Dagushan in Yitong County, Jilin Province For a towering volcanic cone of basalt intruding into the white sandstone and conglomerate Pliocene Homonymous with

Takushan Beds.

Dagushan Formation () i.e. Takushan Beds. Dagushi Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 98. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Dagushi in Suixian County, Hubei Province For a component formation within the Huashan Group Proterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dagushi Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet The Dagushi village in Huangbeijiao, Shaoyuan Township, Jiyuan County, Henan Province For sandstone and conglomerate with interbeds of volcanic rocks Mesoproterozoic. Dagutang Formation ( ) Lang Hongru, 1981, The Holocene of Zhejiang, in Proceedings of Quaternary along the East China Sea Dagutang in Zhejiang Province For grayish brown, yellow clay, locally with gravel and fine-grained silt Holocene.

Dahai Member ( ) Luo Huilin, Jiang Zhiwen, Wu Xiche, Song Xueliang, Ouyang Lin, 1982, The Boundary Between the Sinian and Cambrian of Eastern Yunnan, Kunming: Yunnan People’s Publishing House, 1-265 Dahai in Yunnan Province For the dolomite in the top of the Tongying Dolomite Early Cambrian Dahai Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Dahalajunshan Formation ( ) No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhaosu Sheet Dahalajunshan Mt. in Tekesi, Xijiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of grayish purple, purplish red,

grayish green andesite porphyry, rhyolitic porphyry, basalt with interbeds of sandstone, conglomerate and limestone Early Carboniferous. Dahe Formation ()

Wang Erkang et al.,1982, Bulletin of Nanking University, issue B, (2): 578-583 Dahe in Fujian Province Late Carboniferous.

Dahe Formation () Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 105. First appeared in a manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Dahe in Tongbai County, Henan Province Neoproterozoic. Daheba Formation () Li Yongjun, 1990, Regional Geology of China, (2): 126-131 The valley of Daheba in Xinchengzi Township, Dangchang County, Gansu Province For quartzose sandstone Late Triassic. Dahebian Formation () Huang Shengbi, 1994, The establishment of the Ordovician Dahebian Formation in the vicinity of Xiaojin, Sichuan Province, Regional Geology of China, no.4 (serial

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no.51), 357-359 Dahebian in Xiaojin County, Sichuan Province For a series of grayish white dolomite, marble, phyllite and quartzite Ordovician. Dahedongshan Gravel Beds () Guizhou Stratigraphy and Palaeontology Team, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245 Dahedongshan in Sandu County, Guizhou Province For brownish red gravel beds and yellow sands Pleistocene.

Daheigou Basalt () Ning Qisheng, Wang Ying, 1959, Regional Stratigraphy of Da Hinggan Mountain, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Daheigou close to Halaha river, Da Hinggan Mountain, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For basalt Pleistocene.

Daheishan Formation () Wen Shixuan et al., 1981, in Liu Dongsheng ed., 1981, Proceedings of Sympo-

sium on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Beijing, China), Geological and Ecological Studies of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, vol.1, Geology, Geological History and Origin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Sciences Press Daheishan in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region Mid Jurassic. Dahekou Member () Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1964, Chinese Science Bulletin, (9) Dahekou located 4 km east of Dushan County, Guizhou Province For a series of brownish yellow quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of gray thin-bedded siltstone Mid Devonian.

Dahelihe Formation () Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Ge-

ological Publishing House, 33. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Wang Ying et al. Dahelihe in Handaqi, Heihe City, Heilonjiang Province For siltstone and chlorite slate, pebble sandstone, and quartzose sandstone Late Devonian Dahelihe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Dahengshan Formation (

) Hengshan Formation (Xu Jiawei, 1965, see Geology of East China, (6)) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 16-17. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Dahengshan, north of Qiaotouji, Feidong County, Anhui Province Dealing with a component formation within the Kanji Group (i.e. lithological characters of original Hengshan Formation), for hornblendite with interbeds of magnetite Archean Substitute name of Hengshan Formation; Homonym: Dahengshan Group.

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Dahengshan Group (

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

)

Li Yong, Wu Ruizhong et al., 2000, New Development of Stratigraphy in North-

ern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 397-400 Dahengshan, west of Jinshajiang River, Tibet Autonomous Region For a rock sheet within a geological combination of Ruolagangri Group Mid-Late Devonian Dahengshan Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non- lithostratigraphic meaning. Dahepo Formation () Pan Jiang, Wang Shitao, Gao Lianda, Hou Jingpeng, 1978, in Institute of Geol-

ogy and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contributim to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 253 Dahepo in Lechang County, Guangdong Province Dealing with the Bothriolepis-bearing stratigraphic body, i.e. the original “Lower Guitou Group”, for purplish red quartzose sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of sandy conglomerate and lenticle of shales Mid Devonian Dahepo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Daheshen Formation ()

Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Liu Xiaoliang Daheshen in Changshan Township, Huadian County, Jilin Province For rhyolitic tuff Early Permian. Daheyan Formation () Xinjiang Institute of Geology, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geo-

logical Map: Urumqi Sheet. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Geological Department, Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Geology Daheyan in Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of purplish red, brownish red conglomerate, pebble-bearing coarse-grained sandstone, with interbeds of volcanic rocks Early Permian. Dahezhen Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 8 Dahezhen in Heilongjiang Province For a component formation of Bamiantong Group Palaeozoic. Da Hinggan Mountain Group ( ) Ning Qisheng, Tang Kedong, Cao Congzhou, Zhang Mengyan, 1959, Regional

Geology of the Da Hinggan Mountain, in Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology ed., 1959, Regional Geology and Minerogenesis, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 16-22 Da Hinggan Mountain in Heilongjiang Mid Jurassic.

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Dahonggou Formation () Chen Maonan et al., 1988, Research on the Nihowan Beds, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1-145 Danhonggou in Yangyuan County, Hebei Province Dealing with the part of red stratigraphic body belong to Pliocene within the base of local Nihowan Beds Pliocene Dahonggou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Dahongkou Formation () Guan Baode, Geng Wuchen, Ron Zhiquan, Du Huiying, 1988, Mid and Upper Proterozoic Erathem of the North Flank of the East Qinling Mountain, Henan, Zhengzhou: Henan Science and Technology Press. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by No.3 Team of Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Dahongkou village in Sanchuan Township, Luanchuan County, Henan Province For metamorphic trachorheite with interbeds of volcanic clastics Neoproterozoic. Dahongliang Formation ( ) Wei Zhensheng, Tan Yueyan, 1983, Outline of Stratigraphy of Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2) Dahongliang in Tibet Autonomous Region Paleocene.

Dahongshan Conglomerate (!) Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Suixian County Sheet, Xinxian County Sheet Dahongshan District in Hubei Province For a conglomerate beds within the base of Huashan Group Presinian.

Dahongshan Formation () Wang Ji et al., 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wulatehou Banner Sheet Dahongshan in Bameng League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray, grayish black conglomerate, quartzite, with interbeds of metamorphic carbonaceous mudstone,marl, carbonaceous slate and coal seams Palaeo proterozoic Homonym: Dahongshan Group.

Dahongshan Group () Bai Jin, Zhang Xueqi, 1981, The tectonics and classification of Dahongshan Group of Dahongshan mining area, Yunnan, Bull. Tianjin Inst. Geol. Min. Resour., Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (3) Dahongshan in Xinping County, Yunnan Province For a group composed of Laochang he Formation, Dibadu Formation, Manganghe Formation and Hongshan Formation Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Danhongshan Formation. Dahongyan Formation () Yang Zhihua et al., 1991, Tectonic Lithofacies and Mineralization in Marginal Transformed Basin, Beijing: Science Press Dahongyan in Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province Devonian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dahouhai Member ( ) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Xinde, Li Xingyun,

ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (21), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Liaoning Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 64. First appeared in a 1995 manuscript of classified matter by Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team Dahouhai in Qidingshan Township, Dalian City, Liaoning Province For the lower part of the local Mantou Shale Early Cambrian Dahouhai Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Dahu Formation ()

Xu Shouyong, Lin Jiaxing, Feng Shaonan, 1981, The Carboniferous of Guang-

dong, Bull. Yichang Inst. Geol. Min. Resour., Chinese Academg of Geological Sciences, (4): 33-56 Dahu in Lianping County, Guangdong Province For purple, parti-coloured mudstone, shale, silty mudstone, quartzose sandstone and pebblebearing sandstoneEarly Carboniferous. Dahuanggou Formation () Shao Jingbo, He Chisong, 1980, Discussion on the establishment of Qingyuan

Group and its geological significance, in Proceedings of the Liaoning Institute of Metallurgical Geology and Exploration Company Dahuanggou in Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province For gneiss and granite Archean.

Dahuangshan Formation () No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongchang Sheet Dahuangshan in Damaying Township, Shandan County, Gansu Province For grayish green and purplish red metamorphic fine-grained clastics with interbeds of mudstone and limestone lenticle Cambrian. Dahugang Member () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 247 Dahugang close to Xingkai Lake, Heilongjiang Province For light yellow, yellowish white medium to fine-grained sands and pure quartz Holocene.

Dahuoluo Formation () Dahuoluojing Formation No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Niujuanzi Sheet Dahuoluo hill in Subei Mongol Autonomous County, Gansu Province For grayish white banded-flint-bearing dolomite, marl and oolitic limestone Mid Proterozoic Dahuoluo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Dahupo Formation () Qian Lijun, Bai Qingzhao, Xiong Cunwei, et al., 1987, Mesozoic Coal-bearing

Stratigraphy of Southern China, Beijing: Coal Industry Press. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Dahupo in Luyang, Huaihua County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of grayish green muddy siltstone and purplish red silty mudstone Mid Jurassic. Dahuwan Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 77. First appeared in a manuscript by Henan Hydrological Geology Team Dahuwan in Nangan Township, Luoshan County, Henan Province For grayish yellow, grayish green sand beds, gravel beds with interbeds of clay Pleistocene. Dai’anhe Formation (

)

Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 58. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Yang Xianhe Dai’anhe southwest of Zhenping County, Shaanxi Province For the lower part within the Yaolinghe Formation Sinian.

Daigang Formation ( ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuchang Sheet, Pingdingshan Sheet Daigang in Henan Province Palaeoproterozoic.

) Daihua Member Sun Yunzhu, 1965, The Lower Boundary of Carboniferous of Southern China, in Geological Society of China ed., 1965, Proceedings of Carboniferous of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Li Jiecai Daihua chang in Changshun County, Guizhou Province Originally dealing with a component member within the Yaoso Formation, for muddy banded limestone or lenticular limestone Late Devonian Daihua Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic or chronostratigraphic meaning.

Daihua Formation (

Daijiaping Formation (!) Chu Cheng, 1978, Red beds of the You and Chaling County, Hunan, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(2): 146-151. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Daijiaping, 20 km north of Hengshan County, Hunan Province For dark purplish red muddy siltstone, siltstone, mudstone with interbeds of gypsum Late Cretaceous The note of “Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng, ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province,

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Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 259. Adopted one of Wang Shui’s unpublished manuscripts (1961)” is questionable. Daimeizhai Formation () Zhang Shouxin, 1980, On Some Diachronous Lithostratigraphic Units in the North China Fault Block Region, in Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica & Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ed., 1980, Formation and Development of the North China Fault Block Region, Beijing: Science Press, 109-121. First appeared in a manuscript “Oral information about a rationalization proposed to use the Daimeizhai Formation as a substitute name of the sum of Yunmenshan, Baicaoping and Beidajian three formations locally” by Sun Shu, Institute of Geology, Henan Bureau of Geology Daimeizhai in Mianchi County, Henan Province For red quartzitic sandstone Neoproterozoic. Dainan Formation (!) Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xu Xuesi ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (32), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangsu Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 248. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by No.6 Petroleum Geologian Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Dainan in Xinghua County, Jiangsu Province Dealing with a component formation within the Funing Group, for light brown sandstone, blackish gray mudstone and white sandstone Eocene. Daizhuangzi Subformation ( ) Chen Jinbiao, Zhang Huimin, Zhu Shixing, Zhao Zhen, Wang Zhengang, 1980, in Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resouces ed., 1980, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 56-114 Daizhuangzi in Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For a subformation within the Tiehling Formation  Mid proterozoic. Dajiahe Formation () Kang Baoxiang, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaojiahe Sheet, Raohe Sheet Dajiahe in Raohe County, Heilongjiang Province For a series of siliceous, muddy and carbonaceous carbonate rocks Early Jurassic. Dajialian Formation ( ) Dajialian Member (Yang Zunyi, 1982) Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House The Dajialian valley in Tianjun County, Qinghai Province For a formation in Junzihe Group, limestone Early-Mid Triassic. Dajian Member () Wang Deyou, Yan Guoshun, Jiang Yuan, Xi Yunhong, 1987, Carboniferous and Early Permian Stratigraphy and Palaeontology Fauna of Henan, Beijing: China

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Prospect Press Dajian in Henan Province For the lower part of local Taiyuan Formation Early Permian. Dajiangbian Formation () Tang Xiaoshan, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Chuncheng, 1994, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 303-310 Dajiangbian close to Sizhoushan in Qiaoshi Township, Guiyang County, Hunan Province For black carbonaceous slate and dolomitic slate Neoproterozoic.

Dajianggang Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Changchun City Sheet Dajianggang in Shaoguo Township, Changchun City, Jilin Province For a series of rhythmic beds of conglomerate, sandstone, shale and slate Late Triassic.

Dajiankou Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongping Sheet Dajiankou in Diancangshan District, Yunnan Province For the uppermost formation in Tsang Shan Group Palaeozoic(?).

Dajianshan Member () Yin Jixiang, Fang Zhongjing, 1973, Marine Jurassic in Western Yunnan, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (3): 217-237 The Dajianshan, 1.2 km northwest of Shuifangba, in Chonggang District, Yongde County (Laozhenkang), Yunnan Province Dealing

with a component member within the Mengjia Formation, for purple sandstone and conglomerate Mid Jurassic. Dajiashan Formation ()

Li Zhongwen, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhenbaodao Sheet Zhenbaodao in Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province For siliceous

conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of sandy slate and lenticular conglomerate Early Jurassic. Dajie Formation ( )

Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Ge-

ological Sciences, 1992, Regional Stratigraphy of Nujiang-Lancang-Jinsha Rivers District, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dajie in Yunnan Province Neogene. Dajiehu Limestone (!) Liao Shifan, 1954, Outline of regional stratigraphy in Chaling-Yongxin-Lianhua Counties of Hunan and Jiangxi border, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1): 65-71 Dajiehu in Lushui, Chaling County, Hunan Province For black thin-bedded limestone, breccia limestone and siliceous limestone, with carbonaceous shale in the lower part Early Carboniferous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dajiling Formation () Dajiling Beds Chang W Y, 1937, Mem. Inst. Geol. Academia Sinica, (6): pls.13 Dajiling in Dinyuan County, Anhui Province For red shale with interbeds of oolitic limestone and sandstone Mid Cambrian. Dajingmen Formation (") Dajingmen Lava No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qipanshan Sheet Dajingmen in Hebei Province For volcanic lava Late Jurassic. Dajinshan Formation (1) ( 1) Gong Shifu et al., 1987, Geology of Fujian, (6). First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by North Fujian Geology Team Dajinshan in Jianyang County, Fujian Province For schist with interbeds of marls Presinian Homonym: Dajinshan Formation (2). Dajinshan Formation (2) ( 2) Tu Yinjiu, Chen Chengtao, Tang Lianggui, 1983, Regional Geology of China, (3): 249 Dajinshan in Wuhe County, Anhui Province Dealing with the upper part within the Zhuangzili Formation, for dolomitic marble Palaeoproterozoic Homonym of Dajinshan Formation (1). Dajishan Formation () Tang Baogen, Yuan Yiping, 1986, Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 6(2): 41-52 Dajishan in Shengsi Archipelago, Zhoushan Archipelago, Zhejiang Province For underground strata Holocene. Dajishan Formation () Dajishan Beds Hsu K C, Ting I, 1943, Geology and tungsten deposits of southern Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (17) Dajishan located 60 km southwest of Qiannan County, Jiangxi Province Presinian. Dajiuba Formation () Zhao Ziyun, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Aqikekule Sheet Dajiuba in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Carboniferous. Dajiweng Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Dajiweng located 60 km south of Ga’er County, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Paleocene Synonymous with Cuojiangding Group. Dakendaban Formation () Dakendaban Series Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing, Science Press. First appeared

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in a 1959 manuscript by Qinghai Petroleum Geology Team. The manuscript was published in 1963, in “Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press” Dakendaban close to Aobaowa, 20 km north of Zhabusagaxiu, Wulan County, north margin of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province Composed mainly of gneiss and other metamorphic rocks Palaeoproterozoic. Dakeng Formation ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 42. First appeared in a 1980 mauscript by Zhu Shengqing Dakeng in Suichuan County, Jiangxi Province Early Cambrian Synonymous with Cuojiangding Group; Synonym: Dakengcun Formation. Dakengcun Formation ( ) Dakeng Formation Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Jianhai ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (35), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Fujian Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 115. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by No.303 Fujian Geology Team and revised as Dakengcun Formation Dakengcun in Zhangping County, Fujian Province For grayish black fine-grained sandstone and siltstone, with interbeds of coal seams Late Triassic Synonymous with Dakeng Formation.

Dakuangshan Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 38. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by No.1 Element of Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Dakuangshan in Luxi County, Yunnan Province For purplish red, grayish white quartzose sandstone Early Ordovician. Dakui Formation () Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hainan Island Sheet Dakui village in Damao phosphate mining area, Sanya City, Hainan Province For a sequence of grayish

white, greenish gray quartzose sandstone with interbeds of gray to dark gray thickbedded limestone Late Cambrian-Mid Ordovician.

Dala Formation () Jin Xiaohua, Zhai Zhiqiang, Li Xianji, Liu Chaoan, 1962, in Geological Society

of Guizhou ed., 1962, Proceedings of the First Congress of Representative Personage of Geological Society of Guizhou Province  Dala village, 30 km east of Pan-

194

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

xian County, Guizhou Province For light gray, grayish white limestone, dolomite and dolomitic limestone Late Carboniferous. Dalai Formation () Djalai Formation Yoshizawa H, 1937, Geol. Geogr. Northwest Manchuria Dalai Nur south of Manzhouli, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region It is divided into two parts: lower, for dark sandstone and conglomerate with interbeds of basalt; upper, conglomerate and white volcanic ash Neogene Synonymous with Chalainor Formation.

Dalaimaqiao Formation () i.e. Youyiqiao Formation. Dalakongma Formation () Han Tonglin, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dalakongma in Tibet Autonomous Region Permian. Dalangshan Formation () Dawangshan Formation (Chen Piji’s misunderstanding, 2000) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript “The CretaceousTertiary Stratigraphy of the Sanshui Basin, Guangdong” by Zhang Xianqiu et al. Dalangshan in the estuary of Sanshui River, Sanshui County, Guangdong Province For grayish purple, dark purple sandstone, fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of conglomerate, sandstone, dark gray,grayish green calcareous mudstone and marls Late Cretaceous-Paleocene Misunderstood synonym: Dawangshan Formation. Dalangshan Group (!) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.8 Hubei Geology Team Dalangshan in Suixian County, Hubei Province Proterozoic.

Dalazi Conglomerate () Dalazi Series Conglomerate Beds Nishida V, 1941, Bull. Geol. Inst. Manchukuo, (102): 27-37 Dalazi in Helong County, Jilin Province Dealing with the lower part of the Talatzu Formation (Uwatoko K, 1933), for yellow conglomerate Early Cretaceous. Dale Formation () Jia Huizhen, Yang Deli, 1979, The Development of the Devonian in Research on Stratigraphy in Central-South China, Memoirs of Yichang Institute of Geology

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and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dale County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region It is the original Szupai Shale Mid Devonian Synonymous with Szupai Shale. Dali Diamictite () Dali Till Zhou Mulin, 1979, A Recommendation to Improve the Quaternary

Code of Stratigraphy of China, Documents of Second National Stratigraphical Congress, 7 Dali in Xiaguan, Yunnan Province For the accumulation during the Dali Ice Age (Wissmann H Y, 1937) in Dali neighboring area Pleistocene. Dali Formation (") Wang Yongyan, Xue Xiangxi, Yue Dongping, Zhao Zhenfa, Liu Shuntang, 1979,

Discovery of Dali fossils man and its preliminary study, Chinese Sciences Bulletin, 24(7): 303-306 Dali County in Shaanxi Province For the Dali-fossils manbearing grayish blue clay and loess-like yellow silt Pleistocene.

Dali Limestone () Jain A K, Thakur V C, Tandon S K, 1974, Himalayan Geology, (4), pt.1, 28-60 Dali in Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone Sinian-Palaeozoic. Dalian Supergroup () Hong Zuomin, Huang Zhenfu, Liu Xiaoliang, 1991, Upper Precambrian Geology of the Eastern Liaoning Peninsula, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dalian City, Liaoning Province Sinian.

Daliancun Member (#) Wang Yu, Yu Changming, 1965, Chinese Science Bulletin, (12) Dalian village in Liujing, Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dealing with

a member within the upper part of the Yuchiang Formation, for grayish black limestone with interbeds of knotty limestone Early Devonian.

Daliang Formation () Chen Peihong, 1987, Pearl River, (6) Daliang in Guangdong Province Holocene. Daliang Formation ( ) Zhang Wentang, 1962, The Ordovician of China, Beijing: Science Press. First

appeared in a manuscript by Yu Changmin, Yu Changmin’s paper was published in 1963 in “Geology of the Qilianshan Mountain” vol.4, fasc.2, Beijing: Science Press Daliang in Menyuan, east of Qilian County, Qinghai Province For sandstone, slate and phyllite Early-Mid Ordovician. Dalianhe Formation () Zhang Shengyuan, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yilan Sheet Dalianhe in Fangzheng County, Heilongjiang Province For particoloured sandstone and conglomerate, gray, grayish green mudstone and oil shale, and black lignite Paleocene-Eocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Daliantang Formation ($ ) Liao Weihua, Xu Hankui, Wang Chengyuan, Ruan Yiping, Cai Chongyang, Mu

Daocheng, Lu Lichang, 1978, The Classification and Correlation of Devonian Stratigraphy of Southwestern China Area, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 193-213 Daliantang in Guangnan County, Yunnan Province For siliceous band-bearing limestone, dolomite, with phosphorate-bearing mudstone Early Devonian. Daligou Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan, ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 88. First appeared in a 1993 manuscript by No.214 Shanxi Geology Team Daligou, north of the village of Zhujiagou in Tongshan Town, Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province For quartzitic arkose, sericite-schist, marble and basic volcanic rocks Archean-Proterozoic. Daling Formation (1) ( 1) No.2 Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jiangou Sheet Daling in Fujian Province Neoproterozoic Homonym: Daling Formation (2).

Daling Formation (2) ( 2) Bai Shunliang, Ning Zongshan, Jin Shanyu, He Jinhan, Han Yingjian, 1979, Devonian Conodonts and Tentaculitids of Kuangsi, their conation and correlation, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Pekinensis, I: 99-118 Daling village close to Nading village, Nali Township, southeast of Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For parti-coloured mudstone with interbeds of siltstone Early Devonian Homonymous with Daling Formation (1). Dalinggou Formation () Xu Fuxiang, Du Baoan, Li Zuwang, Li Xiurong, Duan Wenhai, Shen Guang-

long,1976, Bulletin of Lanzhou University, (4): 78-93. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Shen Guanlong Dalinggou close to Beiyoujiagou, Wudu County, Gansu Province For conglomerate and coarse-grained sandstone, with interbeds of shale and coal seams Mid Jurassic. Dalingqiao Formation ()

Kang Baoxiang, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaojiahe Sheet, Raohe County Sheet Dalingqiao in Nanshan, south of Erlianqiao, Raohe County, Heilongjiang Province For the rhythmic beds of sandstone, silty

slate and slate, with interbeds of siliceous rock, basic volcanic rock and olistolitebearing of Dajiahe Formation and Carboniferous-Permian System Late TriassicEarly Jurassic.

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Dalingwo Formation () Wu Genyao, 2000, Orogenic Stratigraphy, Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press. First appeared in a 1990 thesis by Song Maoshuang Dawoling in Xiding County, Yunnan Province Neoproterozoic-Palaeozoic. Dali’nuo’er Formation () Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Ma Xiu Dali’nuo’er in Keshiketeng Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a sequence of alternating beds of grayish green, yellowish green sandstone and slate, with interbeds of volcanic rock, siliceous mudstone and siltstone Late Permian. Dalinzi Beds ( ) Dalinzi Till Zhang Huanqiao, 1977, Liaoning Information of Regional Geological Survey, (1) Dalinzi village in Manjiatan Township, Jinzhou District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province For a base conglomerate within the Dalinzi Formation Early Cambrian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Dalinzi Formation. Dalinzi Formation ( ) Zhang Huanqiao, 1977, Liaoning Information of Regional Geological Survey, (1) Dalinzi village in Manjiatan Township, Jinzhou District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province For a series of quartzose sandstone, purple, yellowish green siltstone, parti-coloured sandstone and shale, with interbeds of gray limestone and dolomite, with diamictite in the base (Dalinzi Beds) Early Cambrian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Dalinzi Beds. Daliqing Formation ( ) Daliqing Series Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and the Cretaceous of China,

Beijing: Science Press, 66. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Wang Wenbin

Daliqing in Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone Early Jurassic.

Dalishan Formation (%) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 98 Dalishan in Xinji, Suixian County, Hubei Province For tuffaceous quartzitic schist, volcanic clastics Proterozoic. Dalishu Formation (%) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 105. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Dalishu in Henan Province Neoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Daliugou Formation () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Cai Tuci, ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (65), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 29. First appeared in a 1995 manuscript by Du Tianxing Daliugou in Barkol, Mori Kazak Autonomous County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of andesite, volcanic breccia, basalt-andesite, with interbeds of tuffite and siltstone Mid-Late Ordovician. Daliyue’er Formation () Daliyue’er Series No.13 Geology Team (Chen Zhefu), Ministry of Geology,

1958, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Northwestern Kunlun Mountain Daliyue’er, south of Yingjisha, Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed all of red, brownish red sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Early Permian. Dalong Group () Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Research on Regional Geology of Yangzhuoyongcuo, Southern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dalong in Yangzhuoyongcuo Area, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with both of the Ridang Formation and a series of volcanic rocks of its overlaying formation Jurassic.

Dalongkou Group () Dalongkou Formation No.303 Team of Yunnan Company of Exploration of Metallurgical Geology, 1956, Report of Reserves Calculating of Yimen Copper Mine, no.1 Dalongkou in Yimen County, Yunnan Province For both Talungchuan Limestone and Sanyuankung Limestone Mid Proterozoic. Dalubei Formation () Chi Peixing, 1993, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Dalubei in Shandong Province Eocene. Dalubian Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mengla Sheet, Shangyong Sheet Dalubian in Yunnan Province Late Triassic. Daluochi Formation (#) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 24. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by No.101 Sichuan Geology Team Daluochi in Lushan County, Sichuan Province For the upper part within the Guanfangshan Formation Mid Proterozoic.

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Daluomi Basalt () Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Daluomi in Fangzheng County, Heilongjiang Province For basalt Miocene.

Daluzhai Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text For 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhenxiong Sheet Daluzhai in Huanggexi, Daguan County, Yunnan Province Composed of grayish green calcareous mudstone, muddy limestone, marl and limestone Mid Silurian.

Damadong Formation () Western Sichuan Geology Team, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1966, Acta Geologica Sinica, 46(1): 118-120 Damadong in western Sichuan Province Mid-Late Triassic.

Damahe Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Ge-

ology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15 Damahe in Luobei County, Heilongjiang Province For leptynite with interbeds of marble and schist Palaeoproterozoic. Damaigou Formation ( ) Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, (11) Damaigou in northern Qiling Mountain, Shaanxi Province For andesite, quartzitic schist, with interbeds of marble Proterozoic.

Damaikong Formation ( ) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geol-

ogy of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.201 Guangdong Coalfield Geology Team Damaikong in Guangdong Province Late Permian. Damao Group () Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hainan Island Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Wang Shuwan & Jin Bangquan Damao in Yaxian County, Hainan Province Composed of sandstone, shale, siltstone and carbonate rock Mid Cambrian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dameigou Formation () Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Wang Wantong Dameigou, 80 km east of Da Qaidam Town, Qinghai Province For gray mudstone and siltstone, with interbeds of shale and coal seams Mid Jurassic.

Damiao Formation (1) ( 1) Jin Shouwen, Zhang Yi, et al., 1973, Geological Information of Henan, (1). First appeared in a 1968 manuscript of classified material by Henan Regional Geogogical Survey Team Damiao village in Erlangping Township, Xixia County, Henan Province For siliceous slate arkose-slate with interbeds of split quartz porphyry tuffaceous sandstone sandstone, conglomerate and marble Palaeozoic Homonym: Damiao Formation (2).

Damiao Formation (2) ( 2) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Saihanwuliji Sheet Damiao in Hongge’er Township, Dorbod Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For yellowish

brown sandy mudstone, pebble-bearing coarse-grained sandstone and brownish red mudstone Miocene Synonym of Tunggur Formation; Homonymous with Damiao Formation (1). Damingshan Formation () Lan Chaohua, Sun Cheng, Fan Jiangcai, Fang Runsen, 1983, Carboniferous and

Permian System of Western Yunnan, Zhenkang, Luxi Area, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 79-92 Damingshan in Yutangzhai, Banka Township, Yongde County, Yunnan Province For limestone, dolomitic limestone and oolitic limestone Early Permian The two formations (Damingshan Formation and its underlying Caobashantou Formation) merged into one formation still called the Damingshan Formation (Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Zhiyuan, chief editor), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 116), this practice did not conform to the rules of straigraphic nomenclature. Daminshan Formation () Ning Qisheng, Tang Kedong, Cao Congzhou, Zhang Mengyan, 1959, Regional

Stratigraphy of Da Hingganling, in Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology ed., 1959, Regional Geology and Minerogenesis of Da Hingganling and Its Adjacent Area, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 16-22 Daminshan in the south bank of Zhamin River, Guzhadunhe Farm, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mid-Late Devonian.

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Damitan Formation ( ) He Yuanliang, 1984, Classification and Preliminary Discussion of Continental Jurassic of Qinghai Province, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (14), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 165-184 Damitan located 14 km northwest of Henan Mongol Autonomous County, Qinghai Province Dealing with the part of non-Mid Jurassic in Yangqu Group, for purplish red, parti-coloured conglomerate, pebble-bearing coarse-grained sandstone, with interbeds of coal seams Mid Jurassic Damitan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Damoguaihe Formation (") Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, chart 2. First appeared in a 1951 manuscript by Liu Guochang, Han Jingui & Zhang Youzhen Damoguaihe close to Darai nur, south of Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For black shale with interbeds of white coarse-grained sandstone and yellow fine-grained sandstone, with conglomerate in the base, occasionally coal-bearing Late Jurassic. Dananchi Formation (#) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 68 Dananchi in Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For the lower part of local Machiakou Limestone Early Ordovician Dananchi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Danangou Diamictite () Danangou Moraine Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 14, 20, table 2 Danangou close to Ningjia River south of Shawan, Tianshan Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brownish purple muddy pebble beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Danangou Shale.

Danangou Shale () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Danangou located 4 km southeast of Niuxintai, Benxi County, Liaoning Province For shale Late Carboniferous Homonym: Danangou Diamictite.

Dananhu Formation () Zhang Liangcheng et al., 1960, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dananhu Sheet Dananhu in Hami County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For volcanic rock with interbeds of clastics Early Devonian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dananping Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen Sheet, Qinyuan Sheet Dananping in Xiaye Township, Guxian County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the Huoxian Group, for quartzite and schist Archean. Danaoding Formation () Zhao Jinke, Chen Chuzhen, Lian Xiluo, 1962, The Triassic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 54. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Danaoding in Xiaojia area, Hongshandian Coalfield, Shuangze County, Hunan Province For yellowish green marls and lateritic red limestone Early Triassic. Danbarizi Formation () Tibet Integrative Geological Survey Team, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Danbarizi close to Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region For medium volcanic rock, carbonate rock, and siltstone Mid Triassic. Danfeng Group ( ) Xiao Siyun, Zhang Weiji, Song Ziji, et al., 1988, Metamorphic Stratigraphy of Northern Qinling Mountain, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Danfeng in Taibai Mountain Area, Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province For a series of basic volcanic rock with interbeds of marbles Ordovician-Devonian. Dangduo Formation ( ) Zhang Yan, 1961, Proceedings of Gansu Geology, (8)  Dangduo village, 24 km northwest of Diebu County, Gansu Province For iron-bearing clastics and carnage

rocks, with conglomerate in the base, included Dangduogou Formation and Gala Formation Early-Mid Devonian.

Dangduogou Member ( ) Dangduo Formation (Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Gansu, 1980) No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhuoni Sheet The valley of Dangduo, north of the village of Dangduo, Diebu County, Gansu Province Dealing with a component formation within Dangduo Formation, for the iron-bearing and phosphorate-bearing parts in the Dangduo Formation Mid Devonian Zhang Yan established the Dangduo Formation in 1973, the Dangduo Formation was subdivided into two members (Danduogou Member and Gala Member) by No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, this practice was a correct procedure of stratigraphic classification and nomenclature. Then, in 1980, the Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale modified the Dangduogou Member as Dangduo Formation for some reasons, then they made a homonym with Zhang Yan’s Dangduo Formation, and made a synonym with Dangduogou Member as well. This is a typical example that results in confusion in management of national geological terminology due to lackness of correct general knowledge of stratigraphic classification and nomenclature.

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Dang’en Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team (Xue Bing), 1977, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Sichuan, (2): 22-30. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Wen Peiran Dang’en in Batang County, western Sichuan Province For alternating beds of dark gray metamorphic siltstone, slate and phyllite Early Triassic. Danggongla Formation ( ) Guo Tieying, Liang Dingyi, Zhang Yizhi, 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Danggongla close to Mayangpusela, Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For marl and knotty limestone Early Triassic Synonymous with Tulong Formation.

Danghe Formation () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Ye Yongzheng Danghe in Qinghai Province Included Biegai Formation or Suli Formation and Wulanda Formation Mesoproterozoic. Danghenanshan Formation () Liu Guangcai, Li Xianghong, 1994, Qinghai Geology, 3(2): 1-17 Danghenanshan in Tianjun County, Qinghai Province For white gypsum, parti-coloured mudstone and sandstone, with marl, limestone and dolomite in the upper part Early

Carboniferous.

Dangpuling Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Badong Sheet Dangpuling in Badong County, Hubei Province For a component formation in local Dagushi Group Mesoproterozoic.

Dangwu Formation () Bi Kun, 1984, Carsologica Sinica, 3(2) Dangwu village in Huaxi Town, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For gray, brownish yellow clay contains fine-grained gravel, and with interbeds of sands Pleistocene. Dangxiong Diamictite ( ) Dangxiong Till Qian Fang et al., 1982, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (4), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dangxiong in Nianqing Tanggula Mountain, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene. Dangzehe Group () Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, (11): 32-39 Dangzehe in Shaanxi Province For gneiss with interbeds of schist Archean.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Danigou Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ankang Sheet Danigou in Hubei Province Early Silurian. Daning Formation () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 252, chat 52 Daning in Karakunlun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed of sandy shale, muddy limestone, fine-grained sandstone and limestone Late Cretaceous. Danliangshan Formation (" ) Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhongwei Sheet Danliangshan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous. Danlin Formation ( ) Danlin Member Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, et al., 1964, Chinese Science Bulletin, (9). First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by No.104 Team, Petroleum Exploration Department of Yunnan and Guizhou Province Danlinzhai in north slope of Hou’ershan, 10 km east of Dishan County, Guizhou Province A component member in the base of the Hou’ershan Formation, composed of light gray, grayish white quartzose sandstone with interbeds of calcareous siltstone and a few muddy shales Early Devonian. Danmianshan Formation (") Zheng Zhaochang, Zhou Zhiqiang, He Zhengxuan, Zhu Hong, 1987, Late Or-

dovician and Early Silurian Stratigraphy of Danbajilin Area, Western Inner Mongolia, in Zhu Hong et al. ed., 1987, Palaeozoic Stratigraphy and Tectonic Evolution in the Margin of Alxa Block, Wuhan: Wuhan College of Geology Press Danmianshan in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For medium thick-bedded limestone, crystalline limestone and argillaceous limestone Mid Ordovician Danmianshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Danshiting Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript of classified material by No.2 Tibet Geology Team Danshiting close to Sangri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For continental volcanic rocks Early Cretaceous. Danshui Formation ( ) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang Area Danshui in Xixia Basin, Henan Province For limestone Early Cambrian.

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Danshuihe Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Danshuihe in northeast of Duoma Area, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray oolitic limestone with interbeds of breccia limestone Late Jurassic. Danyang Formation () Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Fujian Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 172. First appeared in a manuscript by Fujina Hydrogeological Team Danyang Basin in Lianjiang County, Fujian Province For red clay and pebble Pleistocene. Daodi Formation (!) Du Hengjian, Wang Ande, Zhao Qiqiang, Cai Baoquan, 1988, A new name of stratigraphic unit—Daodi Formation of Late Pliocene in Nihewan Area, Earth Science (Journal of China University of Geosciences), 13(5): 261-268 The village Daodi in Xinzhuang, Yangyuan County, Hebei Province Dealing with the basal non-lithostratigraphic subdivision of the original Nihowan Beds, composed of red or dark gray, grayish black sandy clay and light brown fine sands and light brownish red clay, with thin gravel beds or gravel lenticle in the bottom constantly, with minor fossil mammals of Daodi Fauna: Hipparion-Mimomys orientalis-Mesosiphneus paratingi-Germanomys Assemblage Pliocene Daodi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic or biostratigraphic meaning. Daojiaogou Formation ( ) He Shucheng, 1989, Acta Geologica Sichuan, 9(3) Daojiaogou in Sichuan Province Sinian. Daojiuwan Formation ("#) Kong Xiangsheng, Li Zhifei, Feng Changgen, Gu Mingguang, Ma Jianping, 1995,

Precambrian Geology of Chencai Group Area, Zhejiang Province, (7), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Daojiuwan in Dinjiawu close to Chencai, Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province For hornblendite, mixed leptynite, with interbeds of quartzite Mesoproterozoic. Daolengshan Formation (#&) Liu Zijin, 1982, Bull. Xi’an Inst. Geol. Min. Resour., Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (5) Daolengshan in Gansu Province Early Jurassic. Daorenchong Formation ( ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangcheng Sheet Daorenchong in Gushi County, Henan Province For iron-bearing muddy quartzose sandstone, silty mudstone, with interbeds of conglomerate Late Carboniferous.

206

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Daoshiqiao Formation ( ) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ningbo Sheet Daoshiqiao close to Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province For grayish white conglomerate, and basic lava Pliocene. Daotang Formation ( ) Chen Zhepei, Zhong Shengzhong, 1991, Regional Geology of China, (4) Daotang in Qiongshan County, Hainan Province For alternating beds of basic volcanic lava, basaltic volcanic breccia sedimentary rocks Pleistocene.

Daotangshan Formation ( ) Chen Qishi, 1983, Age of the Daotangshan Formation of Zhejiang, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(3): 224-226. First appeared in manuscript by Liang Wenping & Ju Tianyin The village of Daotangshan, northeast of Lixian Town, Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province For grayish white sandstone with interbeds of shales and coal seams Late Triassic. Daotenuo’er Formation ( ) Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Daotenuo’er in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Jurassic. Daoxiang Formation (!) Tao Zhongyao, 1983, Geology of Fujian, 2(3) Daoxiang in Zhenghe County, Fujian Province For volcanic mud and siltstone Sinian. Daozhuanyao Formation ( ) Wu Tieshan, 1997, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Digital Geological Map of Shanxi Province Daozhuanyao in Yuxian County, Shanxi Province For alternating beds of quartzite, schist and dolomitic marble Palaeoproterozoic. Dapandao Formation ( ) Dai Yongding, 1963, in Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol.1, Beijing: Science Press Dapandao in Linkou County, Heilongjiang Province For marble, with interbeds of quartz-schist and leptynite Palaeoproterozoic. Daping Formation () Tang Wenquan, 1983, Regional Geology of China, (6): 15, table 1. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Lizhui Geology Team of Zhejiang Province Daping in Western Zhejiang Province For tuffite with interbeds of andesite and sedimentary rock Late Jurassic. Dapingshan Granite ( ) Huang Yi, Zhu Fuxiang, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 215 Dapingshan located 12.5 km southwest of Yangmeisi, Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province Granite.

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Dapingzhang Formation ( ) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Yunnan Company of Exploration of Geology, Bureau of Metallurgy, 1975, Mesozoic Red Beds of Yunnan, Beijing: Science Press Dapingzhang in Heping Township, Jinggu County, Yunnan Province For particoloured mudstone with interbeds of sandstone Late Triassic. Dapingzi Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuanyang Sheet, Daluma Sheet Dapingzi in Tongchang, Jinping County, Yunnan Province Composed of gray limestone, flintbearing nodule with interbeds of mudstone Mid Ordovician.

Dapo Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Rongxian County Sheet Dapo in Pingnan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For purplish red clastics Late Cretaceous.

Dapodao Sandstone ( ) Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China,

Beijing: Science Press, 142. First appeared in a 1942 manuscript by Ding Yi & Guan Shicong Dapodao in Qijiang County, Sichuan Province For sandstone Jurassic. Dapoqing Formation ()

Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000

Scale Geological Map: Xiaguan Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by Professional Group on Metamorphic Rocks Dapoqing in Diancangshan Area, Yunnan Province For a component formation within the TsangShan Group Proterozoic or Cambrian-Ordovician. Daposhan Formation ()

No.9 Team of Liaoning Bureau of Geology, 1989, Liaoning Geology, (4) Daposhan in Kaiyuan County, Liaoning Province For light metamorphic quartzose sandstone and dolomite Mesoproterozoic.

Daposhang Member () Ji Qiang, Wei Jiarong, Wang Hongdi, Wang Ning, Luo Xiaosong, 1989, The Da-

poshang Section: An Excellent Section for the Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary Stratotype in China, Beijing: Science Press Daposhang in Muhua, Changshun County, Guizhou Province Dealing with a member within the lower part of the Wangyou Formation, for gray medium thick bedded banded limestone, with limestone-lenticle-bearing soft muddy limestone Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dapozhai Member () Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of

Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 398. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Lin Shiji Dapozhai in Huimin Township, Huishui County, Guizhou Province Dealing with a member within the middle part of the Gaowang Formation, for a peat beds Holocene. Dapu Formation () Dapu group Zhu Zhengyong, 1986, Gansu Geology, (5) Dapu in Kangxian County, Gansu Province For slate, siliceous slate and siltstone, with interbeds of volcanic lava, fine-grained breccia, crystallite limestone marl and siltstone Late

Ordovician.

Daqiang Formation ( ) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen Sheet Daqiang village in Dongwa Township, Tunliu County, Shanxi Province For red clay and silty clay Pliocene.

Daqiao Formation (1) ( 1) Qinling Geology Team, 1964, Report of Professional Research on Pailungchiang Series of Kanghsien-Wudu Area and Sihanshui Series of Lihsien, Kansu Daqiao located 30 km south of Xihe County, Gansu Province For fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of limestone, phyllite and breccia Permian-Triassic Homonym:

Daqiao Formation (2), (3).

Daqiao Formation (2) ( 2) Li Quanwei, 1977, Guangdong Geology, 12(2) The temple of Daqiao in Yuen Long, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For grayish white to dark gray sandstone and quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of siltstone Early Carboniferous Homonymous with Daqiao Formation (1).

Daqiao Formation (3) ( 3) Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 107 Daqiao in Jiangsu Province For gray, dark gray and brown yellow sandy clay Pleistocene Homonymous with Daqiao Formation (1).

Daqing Formation ( ) Guo Shengzhe, Su Yangzheng, Chi Yongyi, Huang Benhong, 1992, Palaeozoic Biostratitigraphy and Palaeogeography of Geosynclinal Area of Jilin-Eastern Heilongjiang Area, in Nan Runshan, Guo Shengzhe, et al., 1992, Palaeotological Stratitigraphy and Palaeogeography of Geosynclinal Area, Inner Mongolia-Northeast China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript

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by Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Daqing close to Xiaojingou, Shangzhi County, Heilongjiang Province For the upper part of the Heilonggong Formation Mid Ordovician. Daqinggou Formation ( ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 283. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Jilin Hydrological Geology Team Daqinggou in Keerqin Youyihou Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For greenish gray, blackish green clay, locally with interbeds of silt and sands Pleistocene Synonymous with Zhenji Formation. Daqinghe Diamictite ( ) Daqinghe Till, Daqing River Moraine Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 94 Daqinghe River in Altay Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For pebble and clay Pleistocene Synonymous with Kalasi Diamictite. Daqingliangzi Formation ( ) Chen Fubin, Zhao Yongtao, 1988, Geotectonics of Western Panzhihua Area, Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Publishing House The watershed Daqiaodi (Tachiaoti), i.e. Daqingliangzi between Nalqingin River and Mosha River, 17 km southeast of Xichang City, Sichuan Province For rhythmic beds composed of gravel, fine-grained silt and clay Pleistocene. Daquan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Liang Jiande & Yang Zucai Daquan located 11 km north of Jinchang City, Gansu Province For particoloured sandstone, conglomerate and shale Late Permian Homonymous with Daquan Member. Daquan Member ( ) Compiling Group for Jiangsu and Shanghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Jiangsu Province and Shanghai Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript “The classification and correlation of Ordovician of Xuzhou and Jiawang Area” by Fang Shangming Daquan Township in Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province Dealing with the gray, yellow, light purple dolomite with interbeds of dolomitic limestone which occurs within the upper part of local Machiakou Limestone Early Ordovician Homonym: Daquan Formation. Darai Formation See Dalai Formation.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Darainor Formation See Chalainor Formation. Daren Formation () Daren Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 116, chart 118 Daren in Henan Province For yellowish brown, grayish green phyllite, black phyllitic slate and sandstone, with interbeds of crystalline limestone lenticle Devonian (?) or Carboniferous. Darezha Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 35 Darezha in Mining County Sichuan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Dengxiangying Group, for gray dolomite and limestone Mesoproterozoic This is a substitute name that the object is chosen erroneously which should be the Dengxiangying Group (Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991) but not be Dengxiangying Formation (No.205 Sichuan Geology Team and Southwest Institute of Geology, 1965), according to the authority. Darige Formation () Yang Zunyi, Yin Hongfu, Xu Guirong, Wu Shunbao, He Yuanliang, Liu Guangcai, Zu Jiarun, 1983, The Triassic of Qilian Mountain, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.105 Qinghai Coalfield Geology Team Darige in Qinghai Province Late Triasic. Darucuo Formation ( ) No.4 Tibet Geological Survey Team, 1978, Tibet Petroleum Geology, (1) Darucuo in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Cretaceous. Dasaiba Formation ( ) Zhao Ruxuan, Qing Guorong, 1989, Guangdong Geology, 4(3) Dasaiba located 10 km southeast of Lechang County, Guangdong Province For sandy, muddy clastics Early Carboniferous. Dashaba Formation (1) ( 1) Mu Enzhi, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Junyuan, Rong Jiayu, 1978, Ordovician Stratigraphy close to Shuanghe Area, Changning County, Sichuan, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(2): 105-121 Dashaba River, 1 km north of Shuanghe Town, Changning County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a series of alternating beds of yellowish green mudstone, brownish yellow silty mudstone,with interbeds of calcareous nodule and limestone lenticle Early Ordovician Dashaba Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning; Homonym: Dashaba Formation (2).

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Dashaba Formation (2) ( 2) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 25. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Chen Jiadi Dashaba close to the boundary between Sichuan and Gansu, Pingwu County, Sichuan Province For a part within the local Pikou Group Proterozoic Homonymous with Dashaba Formation (1). Dashajiang Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang, ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 64 Dashajiang close to Qingcaohu, Dongqiao Township, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province For sedimentary tuffite, pebble-bearing tuffaceous slate, phyllite and dolomite Sinian. Dashalong Formation () Wang Yigang, Sun Dongli, He Guoxiong, 1980, New Advances in the Stratigraphy of the Himalayas (China’s Side), Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1): 55-59 Dasalo-

ng Bridge, southeast of the village of Tulong, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray limestone, calcareous siltstone, sandy shale, and the upper part of the original Tulong Group Late Triassic. Dashan Basalt () Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 241 Dashan in Wudai County, Shangdong Province For basalt Holocene. Dashan Formation () Zheng Guangying et al., 1989, Stratigraphic Correlation of Quaternary Stratotype in South Huanghai, Beijing: Science Press QC2 Hole in Dashan, located at the continental shelf, east of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province For grayish yellow sand beds, dark gray silty clay and clay Pleistocene.

Dashan Formation (1) ( 1) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuchagou Sheet Dashan close to Yi’ershi, Jinlin Province For tuffaceous siltstone, sericite-slate, silty mudstone and quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of limestone lenticle Mid Ordovician Homonym: Dashan Formation (2).

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dashan Formation (2) ( 2) Li Fuhan, 1988, Presinian System of Xikang-Yunnan Area, Chongqing: Chongqing Press Danshan in Sichuan Province Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Dashan Formation (1). Dashangou Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Rizhao Sheet Dashangou in Jiazi Mountain, Rizhao City, Shandong Province For a component formation within the Jiaonan Group, composed of hornblendite, leptynite and leucogranulite Palaeo proterozoic. Dashankou Formation (1) ( 1) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Gansu Dynamic Geological Survey Team Dashankou in Yumen City, Gansu Province For grayish green conglomerate, sandstone, with interbeds of blackish purple muddy siltstone and carbonaceous shale Early Jurassic Homonym: Dashankou Formation (2).

Dashankou Formation (2) ( 2) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 7. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Hubei Institute of Regional Geological Survey Dashankou in Guangshui, Yingshan County, Hubei Province For phosphorate-bearing schist and marble Archean Homonymous with Dashankou Formation (1). Dashanliang Formation ( ) Li Yongjun, 1988, Bulletin of Xi’an College of Geology, 10(3) Dashanliang in Dangchang County, Gansu Province For thick bedded limestone Late Devonian Synonym: Donggou Formation. Dasheng Group () Li Qingping, Zhao Fengjiang, 1992, Geology of Shandong, (2) Dasheng Town in Anqiu City, Shandong Province Dealing with clastics with interbeds of vol-

canic rock, for the sum of Malanggou Formation, Tianjialou Formation, Siqiancun Formation and Mengtong Formation Early Cretaceous. Dashennongjia Formation () i. e. Shennongjia Formation. Dashetai Formation ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wulagai Sheet Dashetai in Wulate Qian

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Banner Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For dolomite Late Ordovician Synonym: Bayan Hua Shan Formation. Dashetai Formation is the form of lithosreatigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Dashibao Formation ( ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 191. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Western Sichuan Geological Research Team, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dashibao (actually Dashipao), 50 km north of Baoxing County, Sichuan Province For basic volcanic rock, volcanic breccia and tuffite, with interbeds of metamorphic mudstone, sandstone and limestone Late Permian. Dashigou Formation () No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yixian County Sheet Dashigou in Cangshixia, Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province For grayish yellow conglomerate Early Cretaceous Synonym: Dayu Formation. Dashigou Formation () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 32. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Tao Hongxiang Dashigou in Shaanxi Province For a component formation within the Xixiang Group Sinian. Dashiling Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 55. First appeared in a manuscript by Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Dashiling in Wutai County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the Toutsun Group, for quartzite and phyllite Palaeoproterozoic. Dashipa Formation (*) Dashipa Beds Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, (11) Dashipa in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province For limestone Early Cambrian. Dashiyaogou Formation () Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jining Sheet Dashiyaogou in Xinghe County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a component formation within the Wulashan Group Archean.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dashizhai Formation () No.2 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Suolun Sheet Dashizhai in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Permian.

Dashuang Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 145 Dashuang, 25 km northeast of the town of Donyang County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with the component formation of the lower part of the Moshishan Group, for tuffite with interbeds of volcanic clastics and sedimentary rocks Late Jurassic. Dashuigou Formation ( ) Dashuigou Group Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Central-South, (1) Dashuigou in Zhushan County Dealing with both of original Dashuigou Group and siltstone of

the upper part of the original Wawuwan Group, composed of black thin-bedded carbonaceous silicalite, with interbeds of shale and limestone lenticle Early Permian. Dashuijing Formation ( )

Zhu Zhaoling, 1978, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(1): 57-66 Dashuijing in Taiping, Fengdu County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a series of light gray to gray limestone, dolomite, calcareous dolomite and limestone, with interbeds of dolomitic bands Late Cambrian.

Dashuijingshan Member ( ) Dashuijingshan Formation Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983,

Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Simao Sheet (See also Xiong Jiayong, Liu Shirong, 1983, The Classification and Correlation of Triassic in Chou-shui Area, Southern Yunnan, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (11) Dashuijingshan in Yunxian Township, Huanzhulin District, Simao County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a component member within the Huangzhulin Formation, for light gray siliceous-nodule-bearing and dolomitic-blockbearing limestone, with interbeds of marls Mid Triassic. Dashuitang Formation ( ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luxi, Ruili, Nongwu Sheet Dashuitang village in Mengbang, Zhenkang County, Yunnan Province Composed of limestone

and flint-argillaceous-band-bearing marl, with interbeds of sandstone, shale, and dolomite, with mudstone and conglomerate in the base Late Triassic.

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Dashuixi Shale ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 80, chart 96 Dashuixi in Guizhou Province For gray and yellowish green shale with interbeds of black shale, with flint beds in the lower part Cambrian. Dasi Formation ()

Guan Shaozeng, 1984, Acta Geologica Sinica, 58(1). First appeared in a 1977 manuscript of classified material by No.4 Hubei Geology Team Dasi located 7 km southwest of Baoan Town, Daye County, Hubei Province A series of volcanic effusive rock Early Cretaceous.

Dasuangou Formation () Sun Hengyuan, 1988, New advances in the Study of the Permian of Yanbian area, Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 12(3): 202-229 Dasuangou in Kaishantun Town, Yanji City, Jilin Province For tuffaceous conglomerate and sandstone, with interbeds of calcareous sandstone and limestone lenticle Late Permian.

Dataishan Formation () Changchun College of Geology, 1960, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hunjiang Sheet Dataishan in Jilin Province For chlorite-slate and mica-quartz-slate Palaeoproterozoic.

Dataizi Formation () No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingliang Sheet Dataizi in Pingliang County, Gansu Province Late Cambrian.

Datan Formation () Zhang Quanzhong, Qiu Hongan, Jiao Shiding, Xu Xiaomei, Guo Peixia, 1966, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(1): 55-56 Datan located 2 km northwest of Sinianpan, Hexian County, Anhui Province For limestone Early Ordovician.

Datang Formation ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of

Guangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by No.163 Guangxi Geology Team Datang in Shiwandashan, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For purplish gray, grayish green thin-medium-bedded fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of grayish green mudstone, with coal seams in the upper part Late Jurassic Synonymous with Baiji Formation; Homonym: Datang Member.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Datang Member ( ) Tong Yongsheng, Zhang Yuping, Wang Banyue, Ding Suyin, 1976, The Lower Tertiary of the Nanxiong and Chijiang Basin, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 14(1): 16-25 Datang in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For the upper member of the Nongshan Formation Paleocene Synonymous with Baiji Formation; Homonymous with Datang Formation. Datangpo Formation ( ) Ma Guogan, Li Huaqin, Xue Xiaofeng, 1980, Bull. Yichang Inst. Geol. Min. Resou., Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1(1): 39-55 Datangpo located 39 km southwest of Songtao County, Guizhou Province For black, grayish black thin-bedded sandstone and silty shale, with interbeds of Mn-bearing shale and limestone Sinian. Datashanlinchang Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Qu Guansheng, chief

editor), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (23), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Heilongjiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 224. First appeared in a 1993 manuscript by Li Wenzhong Datashan forestry farm, south of Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province For volcanic rocks Late Cretaceous. Datian Formation () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongren Sheet Datian in Yunnan Province Palaeoproterozoic Homonym: Datian Member. Datian Member () Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Dong Weiping, ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (52), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guizhou Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 165. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.4 Element of Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team Datian close to Xiangbai, Baijing County, Guizhou Province A component member of Datangpo Formation, for limestone, shale, with interbeds of marl and siltstone Early Carboniferous Homonymous with Datang Formation. Datianba Formation () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1974, Handbook of Palaeontology of Southwest China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Chen Junyuan & Ni Yunan Datianba in Xiushan County, Sichuan Province For limestone Mid-Late Ordovician. Datianyakou Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Datianyakou in Fengqing County, Yunnan

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Province For a component formation of local Lancang Group Preordovician. Datiguhu Formation (!) Dati Formation Huang Wanbo, Ji Hongxiang, Chen Wanyong, Xu Qinqi, Zheng

Shaohua, 1980, Pliocene Stratigraphy of Jilong, Bulong Basin, Tibet, in Palaeontology of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Datiguhu in Tibet Autonomous Region Paleocene. Datonggou Formation (") Li Shuxun, Ji Shukai, Tian Yongqing, 1986, Geology of Metamorphic Sedimen-

tary Iron Mine of Wutai Mountain, Changchun: Jilin Science and Technology Press

Datonggou in Shanxi Province Archean.

Datonghe Formation () Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.1 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Datonghe in Minhe County, Qinghai Province For brownish red mudstone and gray fine-grained sandstone, with conglomerate in the base Late Jurassic. Datongying Formation (") Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Hebei Province Beijing Municipality, Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Datongying in Chongli County, Hebei Province For various leptynite and gneiss Palaeoproterozoic. Datouyanggou Formation () Datouyanggou Series Mu Enzhi et al., 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports

of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press, 17-28 Datouyanggou in southwest of Dachaidan, Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For limestone Late Ordovician. Datushan Formation (#)

Qu Guansheng, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingkaihu Farm Sheet Datushan in Xingkai Township, Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province For purplish red and parti-coloured conglomerate, graywacke and volcanic clastics Early Jurassic.

Dawang Formation () Dawang Coal Measure Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Dawang close to Tianshifu, Benxi County, Liaoning Province  For coal measure Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dawangchong Formation () Dawangchong Member Chen Gongxin, 1983, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Hubei, (1) Dawangchong in Echeng County, Hubei Province Dealing with a component formation within the Wuchang Group, for yellowish green siltstone, boulder-clay, with interbeds of shale, coal seams and fine-grained sandstone Early Jurassic.

Dawangou Formation () Zhou Daikang, Zhou Tianrong, Wang Pu, 1991, in Jia Renxu, 1991, Geological

Research on Oil and Gas of North Part of Tarim Basin, China, issue 1:Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhou Tianrong Dawangou in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a component formation with knotty limestone and calcilutite (thickness of 20 m) in the top of original Qiulitage Group Early Ordovician. Dawangshan Formation () Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1982, Regional Geology of

Jiangsu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.1], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 266. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Gu Xiongfei Dawangshan in Maanshan City, Anhui Province For purple, gray volcanic clastic rocks Late Jurassic Homonym: Dawangshan Sands. Dawangshan Formation ()

i.e. A slip of the pen of Dalangshan Formation. Dawangshan Sands ( ) Dawangshan sand blown by the wind Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Re-

sources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 287. First appeared in a manuscript by Jilin Hydrological Geology Team Dawangshan in Songhuajiang River Basin For eolian sands Holocene Homonymous with Dawangshan Formation. Dawantang Formation ( )

No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mengla Sheet Dawangtang in Yunnan Province Eocene-Oligocene.

Daweiding Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tiandong Sheet Daweiding in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Paleocene.

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Dawenkou Group () Compiling Group for Shandong Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Shandong Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by No.121 Team, Coal Bureau of Shandong Province Dawenkou in Shandong Province For grayish white gypsumbearing, salt-bearing calcareous mudstone, marl and clay stone Eocene. Dawokeng Formation ( ) Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shennongjia Sheet Dawokeng in west slope of the highest peak in Shennongjia forest area Dealing with a component formation within the Shennongjia Group, for dolomite with interbeds of volcanic breccias Mesoproterozoic. Dawotang Member ( ) Zhang Xianqiu, 1984, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 239-254 Dawotang in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province Paleocene. Dawu Formation () Liu Yongyao, Sun Zhenhua, Yang Shaoming, 1984, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 94-103 Dawu village in Chongyang County, Hubei Province For dolomite and argillaceous banded limestone Early Cambrian.

Dawuba Formation () Hou Hongfei, Ji Qiang, Wu Xianghe, Xiong Jianfei, Wang Shiyao, Gao Lianda, Sheng Huaibin, Wei Jiayong, Susan-Turner, 1985, Muhua Sections of DevonianCarboniferous Boundary Beds, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-226, with 46 pls. Dawuba village, 1 km northwest of Muhua, Changshun County, Guizhou Province For grayish black shales with interbeds of flint beds and sandstone, ironmangan-bearing nodule Early Carboniferous. Dawudi Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Guangxi Dawudi in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Early Cambrian. Dawuqian Formation ( ) Du Senguan, Wang Lili, 1980, Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(2): 124 Dawuqian located 4.5 km northeast of Liudu, Shitai County, Anhui Province For dark gray argillaceous limestone, limestone and dolomitic limestone, with interbeds of sandy shale Early Ordovician. Dawusuhe Formation () Heilongjing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33],

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 287. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Wang Chengxiao Dawusuhe in Tayuan County, Heilongjiang Province For metamorphic basic lava, metamorphic acid lava and spotted slate Neoproterozoic. Daxi Conglomerate () Gou Zonghai, 1992, Acta Geologica Sichuan, 12(3) Daxi in Sichuan Province For conglomerate Jurassic.

Daxigou Formation (1) ( 1) Daxigou Series Xiang Dingpu, 1958, Acta Geologica Sinica, 38(4): 421-448. First appeared in a 1952 manuscript by Ma Xiagen Daxigou in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Permian Homonym: Daxigou For-

mation (2), (3); Daxigou Member.

Daxigou Formation (2) ( 2) Daxigou GroupXu Fuxiang, Shen Guanglong, 1976, The stratigraphic classifi-

cation and correlation of Early to Mid Jurassic of Gansu, Bulletin of Lanzhou University (Natural Science), (4). First appeared in a 1942 manuscript by Li Qingyuan & Lu Yanhao Daxigou in Aganzhen coal field, Gaolan County, Gansu Province Composed of alternating beds of green sandstone and conglomerate, with interbeds of refractory clay, coal seams and clastic rock Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Daxigou Formation (1). Daxigou Formation (3) ( 3) Yang Zhihua, 1991, Tectonic Lithofacies and Mineralization in Marginal Transformed Basin, Beijing: Science Press Daxigou in Shaanxi Province Mid Devonian Homonymous with Daxigou Formation (1).

Daxigou Member () Wang Bailin, Wang Lixin, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hunyuan Sheet Daxigou in Shanxi Province For gneiss Archean Homonymous with Daxigou Formation (1).

Daxinggou Group ( ) Peng Yujing, Wang Youqin, 1982, Jilin Geology, 82(3) Daxinggou in Wangqing County, Jilin Province For the sum of Tuopangou Formation, Malugou Formation and Tianqiaoling Formation Late Triassic.

Daxingtun Formation ( ) Heilongjaing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 244 Daxingtun located east of Qiqiha’er City, Heilongjiang Province For loess and brownish yellow fine-grained sands with interbeds of clay Pleistocene.

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Daxingzhuang Formation ( ) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Xinde, Li Xingyun,

ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (21), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Liaoning Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 135. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by No.4 Liaoning Geology Team Daxingzhuang village in Yuji Township, Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For dacite and trachyandesite Late Cretaceous. Daxinshan Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, Daxinshan in Zhulin Township, Simao County, Yunnan Province Composed of grayish green phyllite, light gray quartz schist, slate, sandstone, volcanic rock and limestone Late Permian. Daxinwu Formation () No.311 Anhui Geology Team, 1981, Classification and correlation of Susong Group of southeast foot of Dabie Mountain, Anhui Province, Geological Science and Technology of Anhui, (2) The Daxin(g) house in Liuping Township, Susong County, Anhui Province Composed of marble, schist, quartzite and tectonic conglomerate Neoproterozoic. Daxiong Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yadong Sheet Daxiong in Tibet Autonomous Region Mid-Late Jurassic.

Daxiongshan Basalt () Heilongjing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 254 Daxiongshan in Heilongjiang Province For tholeiite and basalt trachyandesite Pleistocene. Dayakou Formation () Luo Huilin, 1974, in Yunnan Fossils, Kunming: Yunnan People’s Publishing House Dayakou, 26 km east of the town of Menzi County, Yunnan Province For

dark slate, with interbeds of yellowish gray, grayish white crystalline limestone, oolitic limestone and dolomite Mid Cambrian.

Dayalonggu Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhongdian Sheet Dayalonggu in Yunnan Province Mid Triassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dayangcaogou Formation ( ) Zhang Chuanbo, 1991, Bulletin of Chanchun College of Geology, (3): 241-248 Dayangcaogou in Jilin Province Early Cretaceous.

Dayangchang Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi, editor), 1996,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 146 Dayangchang, 60 km southeast of Zhongdian County, northwestern Yunnan Province For gray limestone Early Carboniferous. Dayangshan Formation () Yangshan Conglomerate Wang Rennong et al., 1994, Journal of Stratigra-

phy,18(1):17-28. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.1 Henan Geology Team Dayangshan in Gushi County, Henan Province For conglomerate Early Carboniferous New name of Yangshan Conglomerate. Dayanmen Formation ()

Zhu Zhaoling, Ge Meiyu, Xu Hankui, et al., 1977, Paleozoic Stratigraphy of Chengkou area, Sichuan, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (5): 1-64 Dayanmen in Datianba, west of Chengkou County, Sichuan Province Composed of light gray, grayish green quartzose sandstone, yellowish green shale, with interbeds of limestone Early Silurian.

Dayanping Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shennongjia Sheet Dayanping in Honghua, Shennongjia Foresty Area, Hubei Province Dealing with a component formation within the Shennongjia Group, for black siltstone with interbeds of conglomerate and dolomite beds Mid Proterozoic. Dayanshan Formation () Hu Jianxiong, Xu Jinkun, Tong Chaoxu, Chen Chenghua, 1991, Pre cambrian Geology of Southwestern Zhejiang, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dayanshan, 28 km southwest of Longquan City, southwestern Zhejiang Province Dealing with a component formation within the Badu Group, for migmatic regional metamorphic rocks Palaeoproterozoic. Dayantou Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 208. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Dayantou in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province For brownish red clay and brownish yellow conglomerate Pleistocene.

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Dayao Member () Sun Yunzhu, 1965, The Lower Boundary of Carboniferous of Southern China, in Geological Society of Geology ed., 1965, Proceedings of the Carboniferous of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Sun Yunzhu, Liu Jinming and Shen Yaoting Dayao in Daihua, Changshun County, Guizhou Province Composed of gray muddy banded limestone and dolomite Late Devonian Dayao Member is the form of lithostrarigraphic unit with biostratgraphic meaning. Dayaogu Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Hubei Institute of Regional Geological Survey Dayaogu close to the boundary between Hubei and Hunan, Hubei Province For a component formation within the local Lengjiaxi Group Proterozoic. Dayaoshan Group () Bai Shunliang, Jin Shanyu, Ning Zongshan, et al., 1982, The Devonian Bios-

tratigraphy of Guangxi and Adjacent Area, Beijing: Peking University Press, 203, 37 pls. Dayaoshan in Jinxiu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For purplish red clastic rock Early Devonian Synonymous with Lienhua Sandstone.

Daye Formation () Dayie Formation Zhao Jinxi, 1983, Stratigraphy of China, II, The Jurassic of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Daye located 5 km east of Qamdo City, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red sand stone and mudstone Early Jurassic. Dayi Formation () Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 105, 107 Dayi City, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component part within

the original Dayi Formation, for gray, yellow medium-coarse-grained conglomerate

Pliocene-Pleistocene.

Daying Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linru Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript “Stratigraphy of Henan” by Henan Institute of Geology Daying Town in Baofeng County, Henan Province For volcanic effusive rock Pliocene or Pleistocene. Da Ying Gol Formation ( ) Berkey C P, Morris F K, 1927, Geology of Mongolia, 366 The valley of Da Ying Gol, 10 km southeast of Tsagan Nor, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Oligocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dayingpan Group () Li Fuhan et al., 1988, The Pre sinian System of Kang-Dian, Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Xie Zhenxi Dayingpan in Dongchuan County, Yunnan Province Composed of dark gray dolomitic sandstone with interbeds of conglomerate dolomite and argillaceous limestone lenticle Neoproterozoic.

Dayingzi Formation () No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chaoyang Sheet Dayingzi in Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Composed of gneiss, leptynite, leucogranulite and marble Archean. Dayixikanghe Formation () No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet, Humazhen Sheet Dayixikanghe in Xinglong Township, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For pebblebearing sandstone with interbeds of siltstone and slate Early Ordovician.

Dayizishan Formation () Dayizishan Cinder Beds Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 292 Dayizishan in Longgang County, Jilin Province For basalt beds or basalt sand,cinder and basalt rhyotaxitic beds Pleistocene. Dayu Formation (1) ( 1) Dayu Mangan-bearing Series Wan Shui, 1956, in Sun Dianqing, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(1-4): 32-33 Dayu located north of Mashenqiao, Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For mangan-bearing series Presinian Homonym: Dayu Formation (2), (3). Dayu Formation (2) ( 2) Gansu Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1964, Special Report of Bailongjiang Series and Stratigraphic Research of Kangxian and Wudu, Gansu Dayu located 34 km southeast of Dangchang County, Gansu Province For thin-bedded limestone with interbeds of breccia and carbonate phyllite Late Permian-Triassic Homonymous with Dayu Formation (1). Dayu Formation (3) ( 3) Tong Yongsheng, Wang Jingwen, 1980, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 18(1): 21-27. First appeared in a manuscript by No.4 Team of Henan Bureau of Geology Dayu close to Sanjiaogou, Lushi County, Henan Province Composed of brownish red conglomerate with interbeds of clay beds, grayish yellow, grayish white, grayish

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red marls, with green fish-bearing fossils Oligocene Homonymous with Dayu Formation (1). Dayuan Formation () Li Jijun et al., 1996, Science in China, 26(4): 316-322 Dayuan in Linchuan County, Gansu Province For the loess on the surface of terrace Quaternary.

Dayueping Formation ( ) Yan Zhubin, 1985, Geological Review, 31(2): 101-110. First appeared in a 1971

manuscript by No.6 Geology Team of Shaanxi Bureau of Geology, and Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences who cooperated with Xiao Qinling Regional Mineral Resources Survey Team Dayueping in Xiao Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province Archean-Proterozoic. Dayugou Formation ()

No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fuxin Sheet Dayugou, 50 km southeast of Shenyang City, Liaoning Province Dealing with a component formation within

the Anshan Group, for leptynite, gneiss, quartz schist, and magnetite quartzite

Archean.

Dazhai Member () Xiao Weimin, Wang Hongdi, Zhang Linxin, Dong Wenlan, 1986, Early Permian

Stratigraphy and Faunas in Southern Guizhou, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House Dazhai in Huagong, Qinglong County, Guizhou Province For dark gray flint-bearing limestone Early Permian.

Dazhaigou Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ankang Sheet Dazhaigou in Sichuan Province Cambrian.

Dazhaimen Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Dazhaimen, 3.5 km west of Shidian County, Yunnan Province Composed of dark gray marls, argillaceous limestone, with siltstone in the upper part Late Devonian.

Dazhaizi Formation () Zhang Zonghu, 1987, Acta Geologica Sinica, 61(4): 268-269 Dazhaizi in Pingliang County, Gansu Province For loess Pleistocene.

Dazhan Formation () No.1 Shandong Geology Team, 1988, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangqiu Sheet Dazhan reservoir in Zaoyuan Town, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province For yellow sandy clay and sand-gravel beds Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dazhan Sandstone ( ) Chang Jianglin, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou ed., 1992, Late Paleozoic Sedimentary

Environments and Coal Accumulation in Shanxi, China, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 13 Dazhan in Henan Province For sandstone Early Permian. Dazhang Formation ( )

Tong Yungsheng, Wang Jingwen, 1980, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 18(1): 21-27 Dazhang located 7 km northeast of Songxian County, Henan Province Compos-

ed of grayish brown conglomerate with interbeds of brownish red sandstone, mudstone with interbeds of sandstone, garish black, yellowish green sandy mudstone, yellowish green, dark brown sandstone, grayish green mudstone with interbeds of yellow marl and oil shale Paleocene. Dazhangzi Diamictite () Dazhangzi Gravel Beds Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 314. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Liaoning Hydrological Geology Team Dazhangzi village in Dayingzi Town, south of Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province For diamictite Pleistocene.

Dazhi Formation () Guo Hongjun, Zhao Da, 1982, On the Problems of Ordovician System and Provinces of Trilobita in the Tianshan-Hinggan Geosynclines Area, China, in Proceedings of Mesozoic Geology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Dazhi in west bank of the Luohe River, Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province Composed of alternating beds of rhyolitic tuffite, crystalline limestone with interbeds of volcanic breccia, and alternating beds of sandstone and slate Early Ordovician. Dazhongzhai Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pu’er Sheet Dazhongzhai village in Bixi Township, Mojiang County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of grayish white, gray quartzose sandstone, siltstone and black shale Early Devonian. Dazhuang Formation (1) (  1) Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.712 Team, Department of Metallurgical Industry of Shaanxi Province and Department of Geology, Northwest University Dazhuang in Shaanxi Province Mesoproterozoic Homonym: Dazhuang Formation (2).

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Dazhuang Formation (2) (  2) No.1 Shandong Geology Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang and Chaoli Sheet Dazhuang in Shandong Province Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Dazhuang Formation (1).

Dazhuka Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000

Scale Geological Map: Xigaze, Yadong Sheet. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Tibet Geology Team Dazhuka (Qiabulin), 10 km northwest of Xigaze City, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red conglomerate, sandstone, shale, with interbeds of tuffite Oligocene-Miocene Synonymous with Kailas Group; Synonym: Kangrinboge Formation, Qiabulin Formation. De’an Formation () De’an Member Xue Chunting, Su Yangzheng, Zhang Hairi, Cui Ge, 1980, Up-

per Silurian and Lower Devonian of the northwestern Xiao Hinggan Ling (Lesser Khingan Mountains), Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1): 1-12. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Zhang Haiyang De’an in Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province Dealing with a component member within the Holungmen Formation, for finegrained clastic rock with interbeds of limestone Early-Mid Devonian. Debao Formation () Wu Yi, Yan Chengxian, 1980, Lower and Middle Devonian in Qinjia, Debao County, Guangxi, Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(3): 201-208 Debao County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For argillaceous limestone, siliceous limestone and siliceous bands Early-Mid Devonian.

De’e Formation () Xian Siyuan, Zhou Xiyun, 1978, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contributions to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 35-42 De’e in Longlin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish white dolomite and limestone EarlyMid Devonian.

De’erhetongte Formation () Compiling Group for Ningxia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House De’erhetongte in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Archean. Dege Group ()

Li Pu et al., 1959, Report of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Dege County, Sichuan Province For purplish red clastic rock Late Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dehui Loess () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 291. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Liaoning Hydrological Geology Team Dehui County, Jilin Province For loess Pleistocene.

Demala Group () No.3 Geology Yunnan Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Demala in Guyu Township, 44 km north of Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gneiss, leptynite with interbeds of schist Palaeoproterozoic.

Demula Diamictite () Demula Till Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional

Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 257. First appeared in a manuscript by No.8 Element of Geological Survey Team of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau The pass of Demulain, north of Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish yellow conglomerate Pleistocene. Dengbei Formation () Dengbei Alluvial Formation Pei Taichang, 1989, Regional Geology of Guangdong, (1) Dengbei in Jinzhuang Basin, Fengkai County, Guangdong Province For gray gravel beds Pleistocene.

Dengdengqiao Formation ($$) Yin Hongfu, Yang Fengqing, Huang Qisheng, et al., 1992, The Triassic of Qinling Mountain and Its Adjacent Area, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Dengdengqiao in Gansu Province For a mega lenticle in the upper part within the Longwuhe Group Late Triassic The nomenclature of the Dengdengqiao Formation does not conform to the rules of stratigraphical nomenclature. Denggan Formation (%) Denggan Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 296, chart 69 Denggan, east of Kangding, western Sichuan Province For dark gray phyllite, grayish green chlorite-schist and quartzite Presinian. Denggaoling Diamictite ( ) Denggaoling Till Yang Chaoqun, Pei Taichang, 1963, Geological Review, 21(2) Denggaoling in Jinzhuang Town, Fengkai County, Guangdong Province For red and deep red boulder-clay rock Pleistocene.

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Denggongka Formation ($) Guo Tieying, Liang Dingyi, Zhang Yizhi, 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Denggongka in Ngari Area, Tibet Autonomous Region Mid Triassic Synonymous with Tulong Formation.

Dengguang Group (%#) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Xiaojin Sheet. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Western Sichuan Geological Research Team Dengguang in Sichuan Province Mid Devonian. Dengjia Formation ($)

No.332 Team of Anhui Bureau of Metallurgical Geology, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qimen, Tunxi Sheet Dengjia in Qimen County, Anhui Province For grayish green, grayish yellow, grayish white quartzose sandstone with interbeds of gravel-bearing slate and siltstone Mesoproteroz-

oic.

Dengjiagou Formation ($) Zhu Weiyuan, 1988, Gansu Geology, (9) Dengjiagou, north of Western Qinling Mountain, Gansu Province Devonian.

Denglongsha Formation (%) Huang Zhenguo, Li Pingri, Zhang Zhongying, 1982, The Formation, Develop-

ment and Evolution of Zhujiang Delta, Guangzhou: Guangzhou Branch of Popular Science Press Denglongsha in Doumen County, Guangdong Province Composed of silt, sandy clay Holocene. Dengloujiao Formation (1) (% 1) Hu Pingzhong, Su Houxi, 1981, in Zeng Dingqian ed., 1981, Tertiary of North

Continental Shelf of South China Sea, Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 57, 82. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by South Sea Branch of Petroleum Corporation, the People’s Republic of China Dengloujiao, southwest of the village of Maichen, Xuwen County, Guangdong Province Composed of gray, grayish white, grayish green, reddish brown coarse-grained sandstone, carbonate mudstone and lignite Miocene Homonym: Dengloujiao Formation (2).

Dengloujiao Formation (2) (% 2) Xue Wanjun, 1983, Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, (3) Dengloujiao, southwest of the village of Maichen, Xuwen County, Guangdong Province For

grayish white massive coral reef limestone and beach rock composed of sands, gravel, shell and coral clastic Holocene Homonymous with Dengloujiao Formation (1).

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dengshan Group () Chen Siben, 1987, Regional Geology of China, (2): 178-181. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Dengshan (or Dingshan) in Qigong Town, Geyang County, Jiangxi Province For extrusivesedimentary volcanic melange, included Bazhukeng Formation and Yejia Formation Permian.

Dengta Formation (%) Dengta Series Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Continental Mesozoic Stratigra-

phy of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Ministry of Geology Dengta in Heyuan County, Guangdong Province Composed of purplish red and red quartz siltstone, shale and conglomerate Late Cretaceous.

Dengxian Formation ($) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 309. First appeared in a manuscript by Henan Institute of Geology Dengxian County in Nanyang Basin, Henan Province For brownish yellow clay with muddy siltstone in the lower part Pleistocene. Dengxiangying Formation () Southwest Institute of Geology and No.205 Geology Team, 1965, Geological Reference Materials of Southwest China, II. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Integrative Team of Xichang Geological Survey Team, Sichuan Geology Bureau of Dengxiangying in Xide, Mianning County, Sichuan Province For white thickbedded massive dolomite and dolomitic limestone Proterozoic Homonym: Dengxiangying Group; Synonym: Darezha Formation. Dengxiangying Group () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 35. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by the Compiling Group of Geological Map along the Railway of Chengdu-Kunming Dengxiangying in Xide, Mianning County, Sichuan Province Included Lugu Rhyolite Formation, Songlinping Formation, Shengou Formation, Zegu Formation, Chaowangping Formation, Darezha Formation (i.e. original Dengxiangying Formation), and Jiupanying Formation Sinian Lugu Rhyolite Formation, Songlinping Formation, Shengou Formation, Zegu Formation, Chaowangping Formation, Dengxiangying Formation and Jiupanying Formation were called jointly as Dengxiangying Group by Southwest Institute of Geology and No.205 Geology Team in 1965. In 1991, Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources used the name Dengxianying Group to include the above-mentioned seven formations. Although they found that the Dengxiangying Group had been formed homonymous with the Dengxiangying

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Formation, they did not propose a new name for the junior homonym Dengxiangying Group. On the contrary, they proposed a new name Darezha Formation to replace the senior homonym Dengxiangying Formation. This practice broke the Law of Priority. Denitangga Formation ( ) Guo Tieying, Liang Dingyi, Zhang Yizhi, 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team Denitangga in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For carbonate rock Silurian Synonymous with Pulu Formation. De’ou Formation (&) De’ou Beds No.4 Tibet Geology Team, 1978, Petroleum Geology of Tibet, (2). First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Qinghai Petroleum Team De’ou in Bolunla Area, Tibet Autonomous Region For the component formation within the lowest part of the Lunpola Group Neogene. Depsang Limestone (' ) Norin E, 1935, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 14(3): 338 The pass of Depsang in Karakunlun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Limestone Late Cretaceous. Deqin Group () Deqin Metamorphic Series Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Deqin Sheet Deqin County in Yunnan Province Composed of quartz schist, with interbeds of metamorphic sandstone, and crystalline limestone Neoproterozoic. Deqing Formation () Deqing Volcanic Rock Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia

Sinica, 1959, Information of Geology and Mineral Resources of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 48 Deqing in Lhasa Valley, Tibet Autonomous Region For metamorphic volcanic rock and rhyolite Cretaceous (?) Homonym: Deqing Group.

Deqing Group () Han Tonglin, 1983, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, (3) Deqing in Tibet Autonomous Region Jurassic Homonymous with Deqing Formation. Deren Formation ( ) Deren Andesite Member, Deren Black Shale Beds Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by No.107 Geology Team, Northeast Bureau of Coal Field Geology

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Deren close to Pinggang, Xifeng County, Jilin Province For andesite, tuffite with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Late Jurassic.

Derengeliyideng Formation ( ) No.3 Team of Xinjiang Bureau of Metallurgical Geology, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kamusite Sheet Derengeliyideng in Xingjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mid Devonian.

Deriangma Formation () Lin Baoyu, 1981, Geological Review, 27(4) Deriangma Hill in Yongzhu Township, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For metamorphic quartzose sandstone Early Devonian Deriangma Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

Derirong Formation () Mu Enzhi, Yin Jixiang, Wen Shixuan, Wang Yigang, Zhang Binggao, 1973,

Stratigraphy of the Mount Jolmo Lungma Region in southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (1): 25-36 The bridge of Derirong, northeast of Tulong village, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Composed of quartzose sandstone with interbeds of sandy limestone and carbonate sandstone Late Triassic. Desitewula Formation ()

Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Ge-

ology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 37. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Ningxia Iron Mine Team Desitewula in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Presinian. Dewu Formation ( ) Yang Shipu, 1962, Abstracts of Delegate to the second Congress and 10th Annual Conference of Palaeontological Society of China Dewu District in Shuicheng County, Guizhou Province For dolomitic limestone and dolomite Late Car-

boniferous.

Dewukaxia Formation ( ) Tibet Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1980, Geological Review, 26(2), First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Xia Daixiang Dewukaxia in Yongzhu Township, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of shale and limestone Early Silurian.

Dianbai Formation (() Li Pingri et al., 1986, Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 8(3) Dianbai County, Guangdong Province Pleistocene.

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Dianbei Shale ()) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiushui Sheet Dianbei village in Chuantan, Wuning County, Jiangxi Province Composed of yellowish green, grayish green shale Early Silurian. Dianchi Formation (*#) Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources and Yunnan Bureau of Geology, 1990, Late Cenozoic Geology and Sedimentary Evolution of Kunming Basin, Chongqing: Chongqing Press Dianchi, Kunming City, Yunnan Province For grayish green mudstone with interbeds of silt, fine-grained sands, charcoal-bearing mudstone and lignite Pleistocene. Dianfangtai Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshann, ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 49. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Dianfangtai close to Zaisuangou village, Zhaobei Township, Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province For gneiss Archean. Diannan Formation (+) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 260 Diannan in Jianchuan Basin Pleistocene. Diantou Formation () Ji Shukai, 1966, Geological Review, 24(2) Diantou in Shanxi Province Palaeoproterozoic. Dianzhong Formation (,) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Dianzhong, 40 km southwest of Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region For andesite Paleocene.

Dianzishang Formation () Zhang Mingfa, Kang Peiquan, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingren, Anlong Sheet Dianzishang 6 km northwest of Shazigou, Zhenning County, Guizhou Province Late Carboniferous. Diaochuanggou Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangzhou Sheet Diaochuanggou in Liangjiafen, Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province Composed of gray mud-bearing bedded dolomittic limestone, dolomite, marbleized siliceous limestone Early Ordovician.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Di’aosu Formation (- ) Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by No.1 Geology Team, Qinghai Bureau of Geology Di’aosu in Wutumeiren Township, Golmud City, Qinghai Province For alternating beds of carbonate rock and clastic rock Late Carboniferous. Diaowangshan Formation (.) North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian. First appeared in a manuscript by Bai Jin Diaowangshan in Wutai County, Shanxi Province For grayish white and pink conglomerate Proterozoic. Dibadu Formation ( ) Bai Jin, Zhang Xueqi, 1981, Bull. Tianjin Geol. Miner. Resour., Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (3) Dibadu in Xinping County, Yunnan Province A component formation of Dahongshan Group Palaeo Proterozoic. Didao Formation (/ ) Didao Group Morita G, 1943, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.50 The spring of Didao in Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province For volcanic clastic rock, tuffaceous sandstone and andesite, with interbeds of coal seams Early Cretaceous. Diebu Formation (0?) Zhai Yupei, 1977, Geological Science and Technology Information, (6) Diebu County in Gansu Province For blackish gray charcoal-bearing siliceous slate, siltstone, metamorphic sandstone, phyllie, with interbeds of dolomite and dolomitic limestone Early Silurian. Diebusike Formation (0) Compiling Group for Ningxia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Diebusike in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For a component formation of Qianlishan Group Archean. Dieshan Formation (0) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Shi Meiliang Dieshan, north of Diebu County, Gansu Province For limestone with interbeds of charcoal-bearing calcareous shale or sandy, muddy limestone Late Permian. Dijoin Usu Formation ($) Dijoin Usu Formation Berkey C P, Granger W, Morris F K 1928, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 39(1): 214 Dohoin Usu (Dijoin Usu) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous

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Region For red clay and sands Early Cretaceous. Dikaer Formation ( ) Tan Deyao, 1959, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qiugetashi Sheet, Kangu’ertake Sheet, Qoltag Sheet Dikaer in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For medium extrusive lava and volcanic clastic rock Late

Carboniferous.

Dikou Formation ( ) Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Jianou Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Fujian Institute of Geology Dikou in Fujian Province A component formation of Jian’ou Group, for leptynite, gneiss and schist Neoproterozoic.

Dilibang Usu Formation (/'") Guan Shicong, Che Shuzheng, 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica, 35(2): 95-108 Dilibang Usu in Zhuozi Mountain, Otog Banner, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For parti-coloured rock Permian-Triassic.

Dilisuhe Formation (1) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Ge-

ology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 37. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Huhhot Sheet Team of Inner Mongolia Dilisuhe in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region A component formation of Dabulasiwula Group Presinian. Dingbo Group (2) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Dingbo in Songzong, Zhada County, Tibet Autonomous Region For metamorphic clastic rock Carboniferous.

Dingcun Formation (2) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 242, 259 Dingcun village in left bank of Fenhe River, south of Fenxiang County, Shanxi Province For the accumulation of terrace of 3rd stage, green fine-grained sands and gravel Pleistocene. Dinggeniu Formation () Guan Shicong, 1957, Geological Knowledge, (12): 19-22 Dinggeniu in Langshan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Jurassic-Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dingguosi Member (%) Zhang Zengqi, Zhang Shufen, Song Zhiyong, Chi Shouxiang, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by No.3 Shandong Geology Team Dingguosi in Muping County, Shandong province For the marble in the upper part of Yetoushan Formation Palaeoproterozoic. Dingjiagang Formation (2) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 261. First appeared in a manuscript by No.413 Hunan Geology Team Dingjiagang in Hunan Province Pleistocene. Dingjiagou Formation (2) Dingjiagou Group No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shanghuangqi Sheet Dingjiagou in Hebei Province Triassic.

Dingjiatun Formation (2) Dingjiatun Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Dingjiatun in Wuhuzui, Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For coal-bearing beds Late Carboniferous Homonym: Dingjiatun Limestone. Dingjiatun Limestone (2) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Dingjiatun in Wuhuzui, Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Dingjiatun Formation. Dingjiayao Formation (2) Han Zifang, Shen Guanglong, 1978, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Northwest China Dingjiayao in Baiyin City, Gansu Province For alternating beds of purplish red and grayish green clastic rock Mid Triassic.

Dingjiaying Formation (2) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Dingjiaying in Wudangshan Area, Hubei Province For a component formation within the local Wutang Group Proterozoic. Dingjiazhai Formation (2) No.3 Yunnan Rigional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Dingjiazhai in Youwang, Shidian County, Yunnan Province For gray sandstone, siltstone, calcareous shale, with interbeds of limestone lenticle, with conglomerate in the base Late Carboniferous.

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Dingjiazhuang Member (2 ) Zhang Zengqi et al., 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Dingjiazhuang near Mantou Hill, Changqing County, Shandong Province For the dolomite in the upper part of the Chapeng Formation Early Cambrian. Dingjie Formation ($) Yang Zunyi, Wu Shunbao, 1964, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 12(4) Dingjie County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of yellowish green sandstone, dark gray shale and quartzose sandstone Mid-Late Jurassic.

Dingla Formation (2) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Dingla in Tibet Autonomous Region Pa-

leocene.

Dingpo Formation () Dingpo Group Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet Dingpo in Zhongzan Township, Batang County, Sichuan Province For oolitic Limestone Carboniferous. Dingqing Group (2 ) Dingqing Beds, Dingqinghu Formation Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Dingqing lake in Lunpola Basin, 100 km north of Bange County, Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For brown, grayish red, purplish red or brownish red sandstone, sandy mudstone or muddy sandstone and conglomerate Oligocene Homonym: Dingqing Ophiolite. Dingqing Ophiolite (2 ) Dingqing Ophiolite Group Zheng Yiyi, 1983, Discovery of Ophiolite and Melange in Dingqing Area, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (13), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dingqing County, Tibet Autonomous Region For diabasic peridotite, ultramafic rock, pillow basalt and siltstone Late Triassic-Late Jurassic Homonymous with Dingqing Group. Dingrenbuqiao Formation (2 ) Ying Szu-huai, 1973, Magmatic, metamorphic and migmatic rocks of the Mount Jolmo Lungma region in the southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (2): 129-150 Dingrenbuqiao close to Zhangmu, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For biotite-gneiss, schist with interbeds of quartz schist Precambrian. Dingri Group () Yang Zunyi, Wu Shunbao, 1964, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 12(2) Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the sum of Dingjie Formation, Cazuo Formation and Xinmudi Limestone Mid-Late Jurassic.

238

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dingshan Formation (2) Yu Xueguang, 1976, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 15(2) Dingshan in Yixing County For a part of dolomite belonging to Bashikirian Age Late Carboniferous Dingshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Dingshancun Formation (2) Wang Danqun, Luo Yuxing, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuchang County Sheet Dingshancun in Shangzhi County, Heilongjiang Province For black pebble-bearing coarse-grained sandstone, white mudstone, with interbeds of black silty mudstone and lignite Eocene-Oligocene. Dingshanling Member (2) Hong Hongfei, Xian Siyuan, 1975, Early to Mid Devonian Brachiopod of Guangxi and Guizhou, in Contribution to Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (1) Dingshanling in Xiangxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a component member within the Dale Formation Early-Mid Devonian.

Dingwuling Formation (2) Compiling Group Fujian Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of East China: Fujian Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House

Dingwuling in Changding County, Fujian Province For metamorphic fine-grain-

ed sandstone, calcareous fine-grained sandstone, metamorphic siltstone with interbeds of phyllite and siltstone Sinian.

Dingyaohe Formation (2) Tang Xiaoshan, 1992, Geological Survey of Hunan, (5) Dingyaohe in Chukou Township, Zixing City, Hunan Province For black or white siltstone with interbeds of slate and siltstone Sinian. Dingyuan Formation () Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinxiang County Sheet Dingyuan in Luoshan County, Henan Province For gneiss and schist Mesoproterozoic. Dingzonglong Formation (2 ) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Dingzonglong in Xiaobangda District, east of Mangkang County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dolomite, knotty limestone and limestone Mid Devonian. Dishaogouwan Formation (/) Dong Guangrong, Li Baosheng, Gao Shangyu, 1983, Chinese Desert Research, 3(2) Dishaogouwan in right bank of Salawusu River, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For the recent dune, secondary loess and chernozem

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above the local so called Dagouwan Formation (Yuan Baoyin, 1978) Holocene Dishaogouwan Formation may be regarded as a member of original Dagouwan Formation. Dishuiyan Member (/ ) Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dishuiyan close to Guixi, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province For grayish white quartzose sandstone and grayish green siltstone and mudstone Early Devonian.

Diske Beds (“ ” ) Andersson J G, 1923, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (3): 46, 47 Diske located 60 km north of Hollong Oseo, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Pleistocene.

Diwopu Formation (3) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Diwopu in Gansu Province Early Cretaceous.

Diya Group ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Diya in Zanda County Carboniferous.

Djadochta Formation () Djadokhta Formation Berkey C P, Granger W, 1923, Amer. Mus. Novit, (77): 11 Shabarakh Usa (Djadochta) on the Kwaihwa-ting trail, 80 km east of Artsa Bogdo, now in the People’s Republic of Mongolia For red friable sandstone and

shale sandstone. It contains remains of mammals and other dinosaurs as well as dinosaurs’eggs Early Cretaceous Synonym: Wulansuhai Formation.

Djadokhta Formation i.e. Djadochta Formation. Djalai Formation i.e. Dalai Formation. Djalainor Formation See Chalainor Formation. Donganzhen Formation () Sha Jingeng, Yuan Fusheng, 1985, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 24(6): 651-662. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Ma Wanchang & Fu Lei Donganzhen in Raohe County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of muddy fine-grained sandstone with silty shale and shale Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dongba Formation () Tang Tianfu, Yang Hengren, Lan Xiu, et al., 1989, Cretaceous-Early Tertiary Marine Stratigraphy and Oil Measures of Western Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, Beijing: Science Press Dongba located 5 km northwest of Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brownish red calcareous mudstone with interbeds of gypsum, mudstone and grayish white dolomite, gypsum-mudstone with parti-colored mudstone Late Cretaceous-Paleocene. Dongba Formation (1) ( 1) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongning Sheet Dongba in Yunnan Province Late Permian Homonym: Dongba Formation (2). Dongba Formation (2) ( 2) No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mangkang Sheet, Yanjing Sheet Dongba located 38 km northeast of Zuogong County, Tibet Autonomous Region Composed of light metamorphic clastic rock, crystalline limestone and dolomitic limestone Early Permian Homonymous with Dongba Formation (1). Dongbei Formation () Yang Xibin, Lian Yuqiu, 1980, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, (4) Dongbei in Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic. Dongbula Formation (4) Wu Ruizhong, Chen Dequan, et al., 1986, Stratigraphic System of Chiangtang Area, Western Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (9), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dongbula Mountain, south of Shanghais, northern Tibet Area, Tibet Autonomous Region For microlite limestone with interbeds of mudstone Triassic. Dongchahe Formation () Yang Zhihua, 1991, Tectonic Lithofacies and Liberalization in Marginal Transformed Basin, Beijing: Science Press Dongchahe close to Laodong, Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province Palaeoproterozoic Synonymous with Dafenggou Formation. Dongchong Formation (1) ( 1) Mo Zhusun, Du Hengling, 1943, Proceedings of Geological Survey of Kwangtung and Kwangsi, (1): 1-26 Dongchong in eastern side of Yaopai, southwest of Lianxian County, Guangdong Province Early Carboniferous Homonym: Dongchong Formation (2). Dongchong Formation (2) ( 2) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yin Baoan, ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (45), Stratigra-

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phy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 35. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team Dongchong in Naming Township, Yunfu County, Guangdong Province For quartzose sandstone and schist Mid Ordovician Homonymous with Dongchong Formation (1). Dongchonghe Complex () Li Fuxi, Nie Xuewu, 1987, Hubei Geology, 1(1): 19-41 Dongchonghe River in Yichang County, Hubei Province For metamorphic complex Archean. Dongchuan Group () Hua Youren, 1959, Geological Review, 19(4) Dongchuan County, Yunnan Province Proterozoic.

Dongcun Basalt () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 257 Dongcun in Heilongjiang Province For basalt Pliocene Homonymous with Dongcun Formation (1),(2). Dongcun Formation (1) ( 1) Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol.1, Beijing: Science Press, 94-109. First appeared in a manuscript by Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology, Jilin Bureau of Geology and Changchun College of Geology Dongcun in Yanbian Chaoxian Autonomous County, Jilin Province For parti-coloured tuffaceous slate with interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone Early Carboniferous Homonym: Dongcun Formation (2), Dongcun Basalt. Dongcun Formation (2) ( 2) Yin Baoan et al., 1987, 11th International Congress of Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology, Guide of Field Investigation of Geology (6) Dongcun, 5 km south of Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Composed of grayish white to light gray medium-thick bedded limestone, dolomitic limestone and dolomite Late Devonian Homonymous with Dongcun Formation (1). Dongcuo Formation (1) (  1) Yang Xibin, Lian Yuqiu, 1980, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, (4) Dongcuo in Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic Homonym: Dongcuo Formation (1), Dongcuo Group. Dongcuo Formation (2) (  2) Wei Zhensheng, Tan Yueyan, 1983, Outline of Stratigraphy of Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dongcuo in Tibet Autonomous Region A component formation of

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dongcuo Group with the same geographic name Paleocene-Eocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Dongcuo Group. Dongcuo Group ( ) Wei Zhensheng, Tan Yueyan, 1983, Outline of Stratigraphy of Tibet, in Contribu-

tion to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dongcuo in Tibet Autonomous Region A higher rank group included a lower rank formation with the same name Paleocene-Eocene Homonymous with Dongcuo Formation (1). Dongdacun Formation () Zou Chengjing, Han Zizhang, 1985, Tibet Geology, First Issue Dongdacun close to the town of Zuogong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone with interbeds of sandstone, shale and conglomerate Late Triassic.

Dongdaling Formation () No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Yang Yaoyu, Qu Guansheng), 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dongning County Sheet Dongdaling in Heilongjiang Province For rhyolite, felsites, perlite, andesite with interbeds of tufflite and siltstone Early Cretaceous. Dongdaqiao Formation () Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luolong Sheet, Qamdo Sheet Dongdaqiao in Tibet Autonomous Region Mid Jurassic. Dongdianzi Formation (+) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jilin City Sheet, Panshi County Sheet Dongdianzi in Jilin Province Early Cretaceous. Dongdu Formation (5) Chen Binwei, Ai Changxing, 1983, Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (7): 25-40 Dongdu, north of Wala Temple, Jiangda County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the red beds in the lower part of the Jiapila Formation Late Triassic. Dongfangshen Shale () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Dongfangshen village in Dongjiagou coal field, Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For shale Early Permian. Dongfeng Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 283-293. First appeared in a manuscript by Compiling Group

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for Jilin Regional stratigraphic Scale Dongfeng in eastern Songliao Plane, Jilin Province For old loess Pleistocene. Dongfenggou Quartzite Member ( ) Tong Zhengxiang, 1978, The upper boundary of Lower Devonian and its Bra-

chiopoda of Nuo’ergai, Sichuan-Diebu, Gansu, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 125. First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dongfenggou in Diebu, Gansu Province Dealing with a component member within the Lengpuzi Formation, for quartzite Mid Devonian. Dongfengling Formation () Fan Yingnian, 1988, Carboniferous System of Tibet, Chongqing: Chongqing Press. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.1 Tibet Geology Team Dongfengling in Leiniaoqi, Qamdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dolomitic and flint band-bearing limestone Early Carboniferous. Dongfu Diamictite () Dongfu Till Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Ge Liangtao Dongfu in Shulan Area, Jilin Province For diamictite Pleistocene. Donggang Formation () Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yushuo, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 34 The Donggang village in Yushu City, Jilin Province For grayish green clay and sands Pleistocene. Donggou Diamictite () Donggou Till Wu Xiangnong, 1994, in Cheng Yuqi ed., 1994, Concise Regional Geology of China, Geological Publishing House, 191 Donggou in Qilian Mountain, Gansu Province For diamictite Pleistocene Homonymous with Donggou

Formation (1).

Donggou Formation (1) ( 1) Donggou Series Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hutubi Sheet, Urumqi Sheet. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Sun Jianliang Donggou between Changjihe and Urumqi, Xijiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of particoloured conglomerate and sandstone Late Cretaceous Synonym: Ailikehu Formation; Homonym: Donggou Formation (2). Donggou Formation (2) ( 2) Cao Xuanduo, Zhang Ruilin, Zhang Hanwen, et al., 1990, in Bull. Xi’an Inst. Geol. Miner. Resour., (27). First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by Li Yongjun Donggou in Dangchang County, Gansu Province For thick-bedded carbonate

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

rock above the Qigu Formation Late Devonian Synonymous with Dashanliang Formation; Homonymous with Donggou Formation (1). Donggou Formation () Yang Binquan, Yong Yongyuan, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuncheng, Sanmenxia Sheet Donggou in Yuncheng County, Shanxi Province A component formation in the top of Sushui Group, for gneiss, leucogranulite, amphibolites and marble Archean. Donggoucun Formation () Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972 Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jining Sheet Donggou village in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a component formation within the Wulashan Group Archean. Donggualing Formation () Donggualing Coal Series No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974 Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jinkuang Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Xichang Geology Team Donggualing in Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province Dealing with the local Baiguowan Coal Series, for gray, grayish green, dark gray, and grayish black quartzite, silty mudstone and shale, with interbeds of coal seams Late Triassic. Dongguashan Group (6) Zhang Zhide, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Kangxiwa, Western Kunlun Mountain to Heweitan, Karakunlun Mountain Area Dongguashan in Hetian County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For argillaceous limestone with interbeds of phyllitic shale, calcareous and muddy siltstone and volcanic rocks Early-Mid Ordovician. Donggulubasitao Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongliuxia Sheet Donggulubasitao in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Carboniferous.

Donggutuo Formation () Sun Jianzhong, Zhao Jingbo, 1991, Quaternary of Loess Highland, Beijing: Science Press, 86 Donggutuo in Yangyuan Basin, the Sanggan River Valley, Hebei Province For Donggutuo fauna-bearing and cultural-remains-bearing sediments within Nihowan Formation Pleistocene Donggutuo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic or archaeostratigraphic meaning. Donghai Group (1) (  1) Donghai Complex Li Chunhu et al., 1987, Jiangsu Geology, (43) Donghai in Jiangsu Province For the metamorphic rocks in original Jiaodong Group or Jiaonan Group Archean Homonym: Donghai Group (2).

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Donghai Group (2) (  2) The Team of Integrative Marine Geological Survey, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1989, Cenozoic Fauna of Continental Shelf of East China Sea, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Shanghai Integrative Survey Team on Oceanologic Geology East China Sea in Jiangsu Province Pleistocene Homonymous with Donghai Group (1).

Donghe Formation () Donghe Group Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Donghe in Minzhu Township (Mogoukou), Langao County, Shaanxi Province For slate and limestone with interbeds of volcanic clastic rock and lava, with coal seams Ordovician.

Donghekou Conglomerate () Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 52. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Yuyao Donghekou in northeast of Dabieshan Mountain, Anhui Province For conglomerate Mesozoic (?).

Donghetang Formation ( ) Donghe Sandstone Member Jia Chengzao, Yao Huijun, Gao Jie, Zhou Dongyan, Wei Guiqi, 1992, Stratigraphic System of Tarim Basin, in Tong Xiaoguang, Liang Digang, ed., 1992, Proceedings of Exploration of Oil and Gas of Tarim Basin, Urumqi: Xinjiang Science, Technology and Health Press Donghetang in Bachu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish white massive thick bedded fine-grained sandstone Late Devonian.

Donghua Formation (1) ( 1) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 331. First appeared in a manuscript by Chu Benjun Donghua in Longjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish white, grayish yellow, blackish green clay with interbeds of thinbedded sandstone and conglomerate beds Pleistocene Homonym: Donghua Formation (2). Donghua Formation (2) ( 2) Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Jianhai, ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (35), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Fujian Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 20. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team Donghua village in Zhongxian Township, Longxi County, Fujian Province For hornblende schist and leptynite Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Donghua Formation (1).

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Donghuacun Formation () Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 82. First appeared in a manuscript by Huang Yuanzhang & Lu Huafu Donghuacun in Yunnan Province For yellow thin-bedded sandstone, light purple sandy shale and yellow sandy shale Mid-Late Cambrian. Donghuangshan Member () Donghuanshan Formation Chen Junyuan, Zhang Junming, Liang Zongwei, 1984, Proceedings of Palaeontological Society of Jiangsu Province, (5) Donghuangshan in Wennan Town, Xintai City, Shandong Province For the dolomite of the middle part within the Machiakou Limestone Early Ordovician. Dongjia Formation (4) Guan Baode, Pan Zecheng, Geng Wuchen, Rong Zhiquan, Di Huiying, 1980,

Sinian Suberathem in the Northern Slope of Eastern Qinling Ranges, in North China Institute of Geology ed., 1980, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 288-313 Dongjia in Jiunvdong, Xitang Town, Lushan County, Henan Province For sandstone, conglomerate and muddy carbonate rocks Sinian. Dongjiagou Formation (1) (4 1) No.1 Element of No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fuzhou Sheet, Luda Sheet Dongjiagou in Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For a component formation within the Anshan Group Archean Homonym: Dongjiagou Formation (2). Dongjiagou Formation (2) (4 2)

Dongjiagou Coal Measure Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Dongjiagou, east of Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For coal measure Early Permian Homonymous with Dongjiagou Formation (1).

Dongjiagou Shale (4) Dongjiagou Siliceous Shale Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Dongjiagou, east of Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For siliceous shales Early Permian Homonymous with Dongjiagou Formation (1). Dongjiao Group (%) Dongjiao Phosphate Beds Wang Qichao, Chen Boyan, Wu Tieshan, Xu Chaolei, Wu Zhenshan, Stratigraphy of Sinian Suberathem in Taihang and Wutai Ranges and Discussion on Its Relationship with Hutuo Supergroup, in North China Institute of Geology ed., 1980, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 370-393. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Hebei College of Geology Dongjiao in Huolu County, Hebei Province Dealing with a group above the Gantaohe Group, for the sum of Nansizhang Formation, Nansi Formation, Haoting Formation and Niushan Formation, for a phosphate-bearing series Palaeoproterozoic.

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Dongjiaodebushan Basalt (%) i.e. Jiodebu Basalt. Dongjing Formation ( ) Chu Cheng, 1978, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(2): 146-251 Dongjing in Youxian County, Hunan Province For dark purplish red muddy silt Early Creta-

ceous.

Dongjingpu Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 262. First appeared in a manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Dongjingpu in south suburbs of Changsha City, Hunan Province For gravel beds and dark brown sandy clay Pleistocene.

Dongjingzi Formation ( ) Ma Xingyuan, Wang Jiayin, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 13 Dongjingzi in Xiahuayuan, Xuanhua City, Hebei Province For coal measure Early Jurassic.

Dongjun Formation ( ) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tiandong Sheet Dongjun in Silin Township, Tiandong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone, brecciated limestone and conglomerate Eocene.

Dongka Formation () Liang Shousheng, 1978, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 17(1) The lake of Dongka in Tibet Autonomous Region For series of dark green phyllite, sandy slate, quartzite with interbeds of quartz schist, dolomitic limestone with interbeds of muddy and sandy banded limestone Silurian.

Dongka Formation () Chen Bingwei, Ai Changxing, 1983, Bulletin of Chinese Academy Geological Sciences, (7): 25-40. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Li Yongsen et al. Dongka in Tongpu District, Jiangda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For medium basic and medium acidic volcanic breccia, basaltic andesite and tuffaceous volcanic breccia, with interbeds of sandstone and limestone Late Triassic.

Dongkacuo Group ( ) Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xia Daixiang, Liu Shikun ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (54), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Tibet Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 100 i.e. Dongqiacuo Group.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dongkengkou Formation ( ) Li Jianhai et al., 1983, Geology of Fujian, 2(1) Dongkengkou in Yongan City, Fujian Province For gray light metamorphic thick-bedded carbonaceous finegrained quartz graywacke Late Cambrian.

Dongli Formation () Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Song Yongqiang, Zhang Zhongying, 1987, Hanjiang Delta, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1-296 Dongli in Chenghai County, Guangdong Province Composed of rhythmic beds of yellowish gray silty clay and silt, fine-grained sands Holocene.

Dongli Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology

of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Liang Zhende Dongli in Ningming County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For quartzite and pebble-bearing sandstone Late Jurassic. Dongliji Formation () Yun Ya, 1978, Classification and Correlation of Devonian of Eastern Yunnan,

in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 125. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Fang Rensen Dongliji in Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province For grayish white quartzose sandstone with interbeds of grayish black siltstone and black shale Early Devonian. Donglingzi Formation ()

Donglingzi Gravel Beds Beijing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1991, Regional Geology of Beijing Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.27], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 218, 254. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Zhou Kunshu Donglingzi in Zhoukoudian area, Fangshan District, Beijing Municipality For the fluvial facies gravel beds of the Tertiary outside the cave Pliocene Homonymous with Donglingzi Speleothem; Donglingzi Speleothem is the cave deposits, the former belongs to Pleistocene, the later belongs to Pliocene. The two Donglingzi appeared within the same “The Brief Table of Stratigraphy of Late Mesozoic of Beijing”, that did not conform to the rules. In view of the above-mentioned facts that come from an unpublished manuscript, we may refuse to take them into account. But in 1991, Beijing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources in its “Regional Geology of Beijing Municipality” accepted and published this table without any explanation or discussion, then the author became the maker of the homonym.

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Donglingzi Speliothem ( ) Beijing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Beijing Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.27], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 218, 254. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Zhou Kunshu Donglingzi in Zhoukoudian area, Fangshan District, Beijing Municipality For speleothem composed of calc-cemented red clay, pink sandy clay, silty clay and limestone breccia Pleistocene Homonym: Donglingzi Formation. Dongliukeng Formation ( ) Xu Bei, 1987, Stratigraphy and Tectonic Paleogeography of Mid-Late Proterozoic of Northwestern Jiangxi, Wuhan: Wuhan College of Geology Press Dongliu-keng in Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the upper part of the Xiushui Group, for arkose with interbeds of slate Mid Proterozoic. Dongliushui Formation ( ) Zhang Qiusheng, Zhu Yongzheng, 1980, Metamorphic Geology of East Qinling Mountain of China, Changchun: Jilin People’s Publishing House Dongliushui in Shaanxi Province Palaeo Proterozoic. Dongliutang Formation ( ) Dongliutang Coal Measure Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku Imp. Univ., (13): 1-84 Dongliutang in Liaoning Province For coal measure Permian. Dongluokezong Formation (! ) Wen Shixuan, 2000, Cretaceous, in Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-

Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Geological Evolution of the Karakorum Kunlun Mountains, Beijing: Science Press, 65-72 Dongluokezong Hill in Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red, light gray massive limestone Late Cretaceous. Dongma’anshan Formation () Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 144. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Wang Guixiang Dongma’anshan close to Yueshan, Huaining County, Anhui Province Dealing with the lower part of original Yueshan Formation, for dolomite and karst breccia Mid Triassic. Dongmaolong Formation () Ma Fubao, Wang Xiulin, Che Yi, 1984, Classification of Jiezha Group of Upper Triassic in Southern Yushu County, Qinghai Province, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (14), Beijing: Geological Publishing House

250

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dongmaolong, 40 km west of Shanglaxiu, Yushu County, Qinghai Province For

grayish purple quartzose sandstone, conglomerate with interbeds of marls, coal seams and siliceous clay Mid-Late Triassic.

Dongmashishan Formation () No.1 Shandong Geology Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet Dongmashishan in Shandong Province Early Cretaceous.

Dongmen Formation () i.e. Hengluntungmen Sandstone. Dongnancha Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiangyang Commune Sheet Dongnancha in Jilin Province Late Permian. Dongning Formation () Yang Yaoyu, Qu Guansheng, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dongning County Sheet Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province Early Cretaceous.

Dongping Formation () Zhao Ruxuan, 1995, Guangdong Geology, 10(1): 27-41 Dongping in Ruyuan County, Guangdong Province For a series of fine-grained clastic rocks, with intercalation of calcareous, carbonaceous mudstone, muddy siltstone, silty micrite or biostatic micrite lenticle Mid Devonian. Dongpo Formation () Guan Baode, Pan Zecheng, Geng Wuchen, Rong Zhiquan, Du Huiying, 1980, Sinian Suberathem in the Northern Slope of Eastern Qinling Ranges, in North China Institute of Geology ed. 1980, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 288-313 Dongpo close to Luoquan, Mangchuan Township, Linru County, Henan Province For alternating beds of quartzite, pebble-bearing shale and sandstone Neoproterozoic. Dongpocun Formation () Cao Zhaoyuan, Xing Lisheng, Yu Qinghe, 1985, Bulletin of the Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (5): 65-73 Dongpo village in Dongpo valley, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province For alternating beds of gravel and sands Pleistocene.

Dongpu Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Zhejiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Zhejiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dongpocun farm in Wenling City, Zhejiang Province For parti-coloured sandstone, conglomerate and clay Pleistocene.

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Dongqiacuo Group ( ) Dongkacuo Group, Dongqia Formation Tibet Integrative Geological Survey

Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet

Dongqiacuo (or Dongkacuo) in Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region Composed of Dongka Formation and Ke’ermu Formation Early Silurian Synonym:

Dongkacuo Formation.

Dongqiao Formation () Liao Weihua, 1979, in Wen Shixuan, 1979, New materials of biostratigraphy in the northern Qiangtang Plateau, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(2): 150-156 Dongqiao in Anduo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For sandstone with interbeds of carbonaceous shale and coal seams Late Jurassic Synonym: Dongqiao Ophi-

olite.

Dongqiao Ophiolite (

) Dongqiao Ultrabasic Rock Wang Xibin, Bao Peisheng, et al., 1987, Ophiolite in Tibet, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dongqiao in Anduo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For deformed peridotite, accumulative crystallized complex, pillow basalt and siltstone Jurassic Homonymous with Dongqiao Formation. Dongqiao’enbulake Formation () Lu Songnian, Gao Zhenjia, et al., 1990, Bull. 562 Integr. Geol. Team, Chi-

nese Academy of Geological Science, (9). First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by GaoZhenjia Qiao’enbulake Hill, east of Qiao’enbulake, out of Wushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the Qiaoenbulake Group, for grayish green diamictite, gravel-bearing graywacke Mesoproterozoic. Dongre Member () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin, ed.), 1997, Multi-

ple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 69 Dongre in Tonghua City, Jilin Province For dolomite Early Cambrian. Dongrong Formation () Huang Guanjun, 1989, The Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary strata of the sub-inland Jixian areas in Heilongjiang, Journal of Stratigraphy, 13(2): 126-132 Dongrong District of Jixian County, Heilongjiang Province For siltstone, fine-grained sandstone and tuffite Late Jurassic.

Dongshan Basalt () Ding Guoyu, Gao Weiming, 1964, Quaternary Volcanic Clastic Accumulation

of Hebei Plain and the Eastern Foot of Taihang Mountain—A Sign of Lithologic Classification and Correlation of Quaternary in Accumulated Plain, in Institute of

252

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1964, Geological Problems of Quaternary, Beijing: Science Press, 151-155 Dongshan in Weishui, Jingxing County, Hebei Province For basalt Quaternary Homonym: Dongshan Formation. Dongshan Formation (1) ( 1) Tong Yongfu, 1985, Quaternaria Sinica, 6(3): 99-105 Dongshan Island in Fujian Province For brownish yellow, grayish yellow muddy sands, gravel with interbeds of grayish black, grayish green clay and clay lenticle Holocene Homonymous with Dongshan Basalt. Dongshan Formation (2) ( 2) Wan Xiaoqiao, 1985, The Foraminifer Fauna in Cretaceous Stratigraphy of Gangba Area, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dongshan in Gangba, Gangbaba Zong, Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous Homonymous with Dongshan Basalt. Dongshan Formation (3) ( 3) Li Jijun et al., 1996, Science in China, 26(4): 316-322 Dongshan in Linxia County, Gansu Province For greenish gray and black lacustrine deposits Quaternary Dongshan Formation (3) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with nonlithostraigraphic meaning; Homonymous with Dongshan Basalt. Dongshan Limestone () Shen Qingrong, 1949, Brief introduction of Geological Tectonic of Dongshan Coal Field of Huainan, Recent Notes on Mineral Resources Survey, (95) Dongshan in Huainan City, Anhui Province For grayish white massive limestone with interbeds of shales Early-Mid Ordovician. Dongshan Sandstone ( ) Chang Jianglin, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou, 1992, Late Paleozoic Sedimentary En-

vironments and Coal Accumulation in Shanxi, China, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 19 Dongshan in Zuoyun County, Shanxi Province For sandstone Early Permian Homonymous with Dongshan Basalt.

Dongshanfeng Formation () Liu Hongyun, Dong Rongsheng, Li Jianlin, 1980, Problems of classification and correlation of the Sinian system, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (4): 120-329 Dongshanfeng in Shimen County, Hunan Province For dark gray, black diamictitic mudstone, diamictitic sandy slate and agglomerate slate Sinian. Dongshen Formation () Yao Qingyuan, He Zhaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary Study on the Quaternary Stratigraphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Earthquake Press, 77-83 Dongshen village, Dongshan Island, Fujian Province For brownish red fine-grained silty sands bed Pleistocene.

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Dongsheng Formation () Dongsheng Beds No.206 Team of Petroleum Bureau of Exploration, Ministry of Geology, 1956, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Dalate Banner and Its Adjacent Area, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Dongsheng in Dalate Banner, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For yellowish green conglomerate, grayish green sandstone and red muddy sandstone Early Cretaceous. Dongshengcun Formation () Ju Ranhong, Zheng Shaolin, Yu Xihan et al., 1981, Geological Review, 27(5): 391-401 Dongsheng village in Depei Township, Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province For a series of coal-bearing strata Mid Jurassic.

Dongshenjing Formation ( ) Zhou Renqing, 1994, in Cheng Yuqi ed., 1994, Concise Regional Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 44, table 1-4 Dongshenjing in Liaoning Province For the upper part of the Taikang Formation Pleistocene.

Dongshuigou Formation ( ) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan, ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 62 Dongshuigou in Mafang Township, Fangshan County, Shanxi Province Archean New name of Zhoujiagou Formation (Xu Chaolei,1984). Dongtang Formation ( ) Chu Cheng, 1978, Red beds of You County and Chaling County, Hunan, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(2): 146-151 Dongtang in Youxian County, Hunan Province For purplish red sandstone with interbeds of lateritic red arkose Paleocene.

Dongting Beds () Li Wenyi, 1962, Acta Geologica Sinica, 28(1) Dongting Lake in Hunan Province For peat beds Pleistocene. Dongtujinhe Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dongtujinhe in the middle reaches of the Aqiale River, Nileke County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone and volcanic clastic rock Mid Carboniferous.

Dongwang Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guxue Sheet Dongwang in Yunnan Province EoceneOligocene.

254

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dongwu Formation (6) Lu Songnian, Gao Zhenjia, Peng Changwen, 1992, The Important Geological

Events and Its Significance of Precambrian in the Northern Margin of Tarim Block, in Geological Society of China ed., 1992, Proceedings of Conference of Academic Exchange of Important Geological Scientific and Technological Achievements of the Seventh Five-year Plan. Beijing: Science and Technology Press Dongwu south of the Herdsman village of Youermeinake, south of Wushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For massive boulder-bearing coarse-grained sandstone Mesoproterozoic-Sinian. Dongxiachang Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 248. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Hunan Institute of Geology Dongxiachang in Zhijiang County, Hunan Province Early Cretaceous. Dongxiang Beds ()

Xie Junyi, 1991, Journal of Stratigraphy, 15(1) Dongxiang Autonomous County, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province For a part of Linxia Formation Miocene Donggxiang Beds is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with

non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

Dongxileke Formation () No.6 Element of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baihaba Sheet, Halasi Sheet, Huomiyindaban Sheet Dongxileke northeast of Baihaba, Habahe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, grayish purple volcanic lava and breccia Late Ordovician. Dongxing Formation ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yin Baoan, ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (45), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 199. First appeared in a 1993 manuscript by No.4 Guang Xi Geology Team Dongxing County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For quartzitic arkose with interbeds of purplish red mudstone Late Jurassic.

Dongxuanguan Formation (&) Cheng Yuqi, Shen Yonghe, 1948, Tertiary volcanic rocks of Fangshan, Jiangning County, Jiangsu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 28(3/4): 107-154 Dongxuanguan in south slope of Fangshan, Jiangning County, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For

alternating beds of brownish yellow, grayish white sand-bearing conglomerate, grayish white, brownish yellow calcareous mudstone, and sandy mudstone Neogene.

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Dongyan Formation () Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Fujian Province. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.3 Fujian Geology Team Dongyan County, Fujian Province Dealing with a formation between the Beixi Formation and the Daling Formation (1) Neo proterozoic. Dongyaozitou Formation () Tang Yingjun, Ji Hongxiang, 1983, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 21(3): 245-254 Dongyaozitou in Beidaquan, Yuxian County, Hebei Province For the part of strata containing the Donyaozitou fauna in the base of the original Nihowan Beds Pliocene or Pleistocene Dongyaozitou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning; Synonym: Daodi Formation, Dahonggou Formation and Nangou Formation. Dongyetou Formation () Wu Tieshan, 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Strata of Shanxi, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Dongyetou in Shanxi Province Mesoproterozoic. Dongyihejiu Complex () Guan Shicong, 1957, Geological Knowledge, (12): 19-22 Dongyihejiu in Langshan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For complex PermianTriassic. Dongying Formation () Compiling Group for Shandong Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Shandong Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Jia Zhonghui, Ma Zaitian & Shuai Defu Dongying village in Kenli County, Shandong Province For alternating beds of brownish red, yellowish green mudstone, silty mudstone and green sandstone Oligocene. Dongyingfang Formation () Fan Guoqing, 1982, Bull. Geol. Soc. Liaoning, (1) Dongyingfang in Liaoning Province Late Jurassic.

Dongyou Formation (4) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wenshan Sheet Dongyoucun in Xichou County, Yunnan Province For gray limestone with interbeds of marls Early Carboniferous. Dongzhakou Formation () Huang Zhenhui, 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Dongzhakou, 19 km southwest of Zhangxian County,

256

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Gansu Province For limestone with interbeds of thin-bedded sandstone, shale and coal seams Late Carboniferous-Permian. Dongzhuang Complex (4 ) Wang Renmin, 1991, Acta Petrologica Sinica, (4): 1-11 Dongzhuang in Hengshan, Shanxi Province For gneiss-complex Archean. Dongzhi Formation () No.311 Geology Team of Anhui Bureau of Metallurgical Geology, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Taihu Sheet Dongzhi County, Anhui Province For purplish red and grayish green knotty limestone and muddy limestone Early Ordovician.

Dongzhoule Group () Xi’an Institute of Coal Science, 1973, Coal Geology & Exploration, (1) Dongzhoule in northern Guangdong Province Dealing with the lower part of the original Jinji Formation and the coal-bearing strata in the Qiaoyuan Formation Early Jurassic. Dongzigou Formation () Qu Guansheng, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map:

Jidong Sheet, Xingkaihu Farm Sheet, Mishan Sheet, Hulin County Sheet and Hutou Sheet Dongzigou in Shihuiyao, Wupaicun, Qianwei Township, Jidong County, Heilongjiang Province For quartzose sandstone with interbeds of phyllite, slate, and a few volcanic rocks Early Permian. Dothak Formation () Dothak Series Hayden H H, 1905, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol.32, 160-174 Duota (Dothak) located 17 km southwest of Pali, southeast of Xigaze City, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone with interbeds of shale Ordovician.

Douling Complex () Douling Group Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981. Explanatory Text for 1:5000 000 Scale Geological Map of Henan Province. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Xiao Douling, southwest of Da Douling, in Jingziguan Township, Xichuan County, Henan Province For augen migmatite, gneiss, leptynite and marble Palaeoproterozoic. Douling’ao Formation () Tang Zhengxiu, Tang Xiaoshan, 1987, Early Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Brachiopod Association of Central Hunan, Proceedings of National Carboniferous Conference, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 150-178 Douling’ao, 1.5 km southeast of Yantang Town, Xinshao County, Hunan Province For grayish black biolimestone with interbeds of marls and shale Early Carboniferous. Douman Formation (7) i.e. Touman Formation.

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Doumu Formation (8) No.311 Geology Team of Anhui Bureau of Metallurgical Geology, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Taihu Sheet Doumu located 6 km north of Huangpu, Qianshan County, Anhui Province Composed of purplish red conglomerate, boulder-bearing sandstone, sandstone and sandy mudstone Paleocene. Douniuzi Beds () Jin Chuntai et al., 1989, Bull. Chengdu Inst. Geol. Minera. Resour., Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (11) Douniuzi in Sichuan Province Early Devonian. Doupengling Member (9) Liu Jinrong, 1978, Devonian Stratigraphy of Xiangzhou, Guangxi, in Institute

of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9 Doupengling close to the town of Xiangzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region A member of Tungkangling Formation, for limestone Mid Devonian.

Doushangou Formation () Doushangou Member Xiang Liwen, Lin Baoyu, Nan Runshan, 1963, Handbook of Fossils of Qinling Mountain, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Doushangou in Mulianqiao, Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For sandstone, siltstone, sandy slate with interbeds of black carbonaceous slate Early Silurian. Doushishan Formation () Xi’an Institute of Geology and No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team,

1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhuoni Sheet

Doushishan in Dangduo valley, 24 km northwest of Diebu County, Gansu Province For gray micrite with interbeds of black flint bands or flint beds Late Devonian.

Doushui Formation ( ) Zhou Dianchao, Zhu Zhenggang, 1978, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contributio to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Doushui in Shangyou County, Jiangxi Province For alternating beds of purplish red shales siltstone, and sandstone, with grayish white quartzose sandstone and conglomerate in the lower part MidLate Devonian. Douya Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang City, Weifang, Youxi Sheet. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Cao Guoquan, Ai Xiansen & Zhang Chengji Douya in Lugezhuang Township, southwest of Laiyang City, Shandong Province Dealing with a formation within the Jingshan Group, for leptynite, gneiss Palaeoproterozoic.

258

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Duangou Formation () Duangou Formation Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989,

Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 20. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by No.2 Regional Geological Survey Team Duangou in Luoning County, Henan Province A formation of Taihua Group Archean.

Duanji Formation () Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geol-

ogy, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: ShangchengXinxiang Sheet Duanji in Gushi County, Henan Province For volcanic clasticsbearing parti-coloured deposits Late Jurassic. Duanjiagou Formation () Teaching and Researching Room of Coal Field, Wuhan College of Geology, 1981, Geology of Coal Field, II, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 30 Duanjiagou in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For limestone, marl and coal seams Late

Cambrian.

Duanjiaxia Formation () Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of East China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Sun Zhaocai & Hu Xianmu Duanjiaxia in Longxian County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of yellowish green, grayish black silty shale, tuffaceous sandstone and siltstone, with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone Mid-Late Ordovician. Duanshan Member (:) Xiao Weimin, 1987, in Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987,

Regional Geology of Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 259,261 Duanshan close to Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Dealing with a special diachronous lithostratigraphic body between Jiyaopo Member and Mulaichong Member within local Wuchiaping Formation, for gray thin-bedded siltstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle occasionally Late Permian. Duanshugou Formation () Liu Lujun, Wang Jun, Zhao Xiuhu, 2000, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and

Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979–1999), Hefei: China University of Science and Technology Press, 217, table 10-1 Duanshugou, north of Xialamulun River, south end of Da Hinggan Mountain, Keshiketeng Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Permian.

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Duantouya Formation (:) Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of East China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Duantouya in Lveyang County, Shaanxi Province For grayish green pyroclastic cemented or muddy cemented sandstone and conglomerate Sinian.

Duanyanshan Formation (:) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuchagou Sheet Duanyanshan in Jilin Province EarlyMid Ordovician.

Duanzhenlongri Formation (;) Liang Dingyi, 1991, in Guo Tieying, Liang Dingyi, Zhang Yizhi, et al., 1991,Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Duanzhenlongri in Zhada County, Tibet Autonomous Region For sandstone with interbeds of argillaceous limestone Cambrian-Early Ordovician Duanzhenlongri Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Dubshih Formation () Berkey C P, Morris F K, 1927, Geology of Mongolia, Natural History of Central Asia, vol.II, The American Museum of Natural History, N. K., 309 Dubushi (Dubshih) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Cretaceous.

Ducun Formation (<) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaomi Sheet, Qingdao Sheet, Lingshan Sheet

Ducun Township, Jiaozhou City, Shandong Province For grayish brown coarsegrained sandstone with interbeds of gravel-bearing sandstone Early Cretaceous.

Du’erbinhe Group (&) Sui Liancheng, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map:

Xunke County Sheet, Changjiatun Sheet, Xinxingcun commute Sheet, Furao commune Sheet Du’erbinhe in Heilongjiang Province Early Permian.

Duguan Formation (<) Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, (11) Duguan village in Lushi County, Henan Province For parti-coloured banded shale with interbeds of argillaceous limestone Sinian.

Duhu Formation () Li Pingri et al., 1986, Acta Oceanologica Sinica Duhu in Guangdong Province Holocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dui’ershi Formation (=) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang, ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 101. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Dui’ershi in Sishun Township, Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province For alternating beds of black siliceous slate and slate Ordovician. Duihesi Formation (=) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 302 Duihesi in Zhangla County, Sichuan Province Pleistocene. Duiwoliang Formation ( ) Ebian Metamorphic Series No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977. Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingwu Sheet Duiwoliang in Ebian County, Sichuan For metamorphic sedimentary clastic rock with interbeds of carbonate rocks and volcanic rocks Sinian.

Dujiacun Formation (5) Dujiacun Group Hong Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian of

China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Fang Runsen Dujiacun in Shidian County, Yunnan Province For light gray limestone Late Devonian. Dujiagou Formation (<) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972. Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi Sheet, Jingle Sheet Dujiagou in Fangshan County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a formation within the top of Lvliang Group, for metamorphic acidic volcanic rocks Aechaean.

Dulahala Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971. Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bayan Obo Sheet Dulahala located north of Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For metamorphic quartzose sandstone Palaeoproterozoic.

Dulanqiao Formation (5) Sun Cunli, Huang Dongbao, 1995, Regional Geology of China, (1): 32-35 Dulanqiao in Yangling, Yinxia Township, Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province For grayish green, yellowish green blacktosandstone, graywacke and slate Silurian.

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Duliujiang Formation () Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House.

First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Yang Jingzhi & Qian Yiyuan et al. Yang’s manuscript was published in 1963 Duliujiang close to the town of Sandu County, Guizhou Province For sandy shales with interbeds of limestone Mid Cambrian.

Dumuhe Formation (5) Li Zhongwen, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhenbaodao Sheet Dumuhe in Heilongjiang Province Mid Jurassic.

Dundunliang Formation ( ) Dundunliang Member Yan Zhiqiang, Fang Feilong, 1992, Regional Geology of China, (4): 364-368 Dundunliang in Huashan, west of Haiyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For light gray thick-bedded massive breccia, with interbeds of light metamorphic graywacke, with mudstone and marls occasionally Sinian Dundunliang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with nonlithostratigraphic meaning, within Wenchang shan Group.

Dundunshan Group () No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Anbei Sheet Dundunshan in Subei County, Gansu Province For boulder, rhyolite, dacite, andesite and other pyroclastic rocks Late Devonian.

Dunwashan Formation () Sun Jianzhong, Zhao Jingbo, et al., 1991, Quaternary of Loess Plateau in China, Beijing: Science Press, 81, Fig. 2-12 Dunwashan in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province For fluvial facies sand-gravel beds and alluvial facies loess Pleistocene.

Dunzigou Group () No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yonghang Sheet Dunzigou in Yongchang County, Gansu Province For purple, gray quartzose sandstone, boulder-bearing coarsegrained sandstone, conglomerate and siliceous limestone Mesoproterozoic.

Duoba Member () Han Xiangtao, Lunzhu Jiacuo, Li Cai, 1983, Classification of Marine Cretaceous of Bange Area, Northern Tibet Lake Area, in Contribution to the Geology of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 194-211. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.4 Tibet Geology Team Duoba in Tibet Autonomous Region A member in the upper part of the Qusongbo Group, for alternating beds of parti-coloured conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and shale Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Duobaoshan Formation ( ) Tang Kedong, Su Yangzheng, 1966, Acta Geologica Sinica, 46(1): 14-28 Duobaoshan in west side of Luohe River, Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For volcanic breccia, tuffite and slate, with interbeds of marble Mid Ordovician. Duodaoshi Formation (>#) No.5 Petroleum Geological Survey Team of Ministry of Geology, 1962 (?). First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Jianghan Integrative Research Team on Petroleum Geology of Hubei Province Duodaoshi in Jingmen, Hubei Province For grayish white, light red massive thick-bedded marls with interbeds of grayish green clay, with conglomerate in the base Miocene. Duofutun Group () Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in by No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team Duofutun in Zeku County, Qinghai Province For volcanic lava and volcanic breccia, with interbeds of sedimentary clastic rocks Early Cretaceous.

Duogaila Formation (?) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 192 Duogaila in Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish black siltstone, mudstone, with interbeds of coal seams and carbonaceous shale in the middle and upper part Late Triassic. Duogeluoma Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Duogeluoma in Tibet Autonomous Region Neogene.

Duojiang Formation () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Tonggu Sheet Duojiang in Efeng Township, Wanzai County, Jiangxi Province For parti-coloured sandy and muddy clastic rocks, with interbeds of carbonaceous shale and coal seams Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Homonym: Duojiang Member. Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, in “Regional Geology of Jiangxi Province”(259), subdivided the original Duojiang Formation into two members, the lower one belongs to Triassic, and the upper one belongs to Jurassic. In addition, they named the lower member as Duojiang Member and reinstated it into the Anyuan Formation. This practice did not conform to the rules of stratigraphical classification and nomenclature. Duojiang Member () See Duojiang Formation.

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Duojiatan Phyllite () Duojiatan Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 151, chart 36. First appeared in a manuscript by Hsieh C Y Duojiatan in Shiqingtong, Gansu Province  For tuffaceous phyllite Presinian.

Duojiban Formation (') No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mangkang Sheet, Yanjing Sheet Duojiban in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Devonian.

Duojiu Formation (

)

Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Research on Regional Ge-

ology of Yanzhuoyongcuo, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Duojiu in Tibet Autonomous Region Composed of dark gray, grayish black, grayish yellow siliceous shales, siltstone, calcareous shale with interbeds of limestone and marl lenticle Cretaceous Duojiu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit without lithostratigraphic meaning. Duolang Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet, Yanjing Sheet Duolang in Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic.

Duolun Formation () Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Re-

gional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Duolun in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Jurassic.

Duoluojin Group (!) Duoluojin Series Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 167. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Zhan Puhui & Wei Sihuai Duoluojin between Tanggula Mt. and Kekexili Mt., Qinghai Province For alternating beds of grayish purple, grayish green thickbedded coarse-grained conglomerate and sandstone, with interbeds of sandy mudstone Mid Jurassic. Duomulang Group () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet, Derong Sheet Duomulang in Sichuan Province Duomulang Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Duonageli Member () Yang Shipu, Fan Yingnian, 1982, Carboniferous System and the Character of Biofauna of Xainza Area, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (10): 46-69 Duonageli in Yongzhu Township, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the strata containing Early Carboniferous fossil in original Chaguoluoma FormationEarly Carboniferous Duonageli Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Duopang Member (+) Hou Hongfei & Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157 Duopang, east of the village of Chengtun, Qinjia County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region The lower member of the Debao Formation, for alternating beds of thick-bedded siliceous limestone and marl Early Devonian. Duoquanshan Formation ( ) Duoquanshan Limestone Mu Enzhi, 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports

of All-China Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press, 12-28 Duoquanshan in Oulongbuluke area, Da Qaidam Town, Qinghai Province For thick-bedded and thin-bedded limestone with interbeds of grave-bearing limestone and calcareous shale Early Ordovician. Duorang Formation () Guo Tieying, Liang Dingyi, Zhang Yizhi, et al., 1991,Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China Univercity of Geosciences Press Duorang in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of black shale, fine-grained sandstone and biolimestone Mid Triassic Synonymous with Qudenggongba Formation. Duoruonuoer Group () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Qian Jiaqi Duoruonuoer in Centre Qilian Mountain, Gansu Province Composed of volcanic rock, siltstone, slate, schist with interbeds of sandstone, included Shibandun Formation, Bianmagou Formation and Chaganbu’ergasi Formation Sinian. Duoshan Formation ($) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jianshui Sheet Tuoshan (Duoshan) in Yunnan Province Late Devonian. Duosuoqu Formation ( ) Sun Chongren, 1995, Qinghai Geology, 4(1) Duosuoqu in Tianjun County, Qinghai Province For volcanic clastics with interbeds of volcanic lava and slate Late Ordovician.

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Duowen Member () Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157 Duowen village in Qinjia County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dealing with the upper member of Qinjia Formation, for dark gray argillaceous limestone Early Devonian.

Duoxi Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet, Derong Sheet Duoxi in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Jurassic-Late Cretaceous.

Duoyitang Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng, ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 18. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Duoyitang in Xikou, Zhijiang County, Hunan Province For silty slate, tuffite with interbeds of sandstone Neoproterozoic. Duozishan Formation (@) Yu Jianzhang, Cui Shengqin, Qiu Ganlin, 1964, Acta Geologica Sinica, 44(1): 1-12 Duozishan, west of Yongning, Fuxian County, Liaoning Province Dealing

with a formation within the Yongning Group, for rhythmic beds of purple thickbedded conglomerate and purplish brown graywacke Proterozoic. Dusa Formation ()

Dusa yanzu Yao Huazhou, 1994, Integrative Stratigraphic Research of Regional Geological Survey of Organic Belt: An Example from Triassic Study of DenglongRejia Area, West Sichuan, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 10-11. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by Hou Liwei et al. Dusa in Baiyu County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a formation within the Rejia Formation, for a series of bluish green, grayish blue phyllite, schist, tuffaceous sandstone and sandy phyllite Early-Mid Triassic.

Dushan Formation (5) Southern Henan Rigional Regional Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology,

1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Shangcheng Area

Dushan in Gushi County, Henan Province For quartzose arkose Mid Jurassic Synonymous with Zhuji Formation; Homonymous with Tushan Formation.

Dushitou Formation (5) Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Dushitou in Yunnan Province Miocene-Pliocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dushuijing Formation (5 ) Wu Genyao, 2000, Orogenic Stratigraphy, Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Publishing House, 131. First appeared in 1990 manuscript of thesis by Song Shuangmao Dushuijing in Xiding County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a formation within in the local Lancang Group Preordovician. Dushuke Formation (5) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Dushuke in Pingba Township, Wenshan County, Yunnan Province For yellowish white sandstone with interbeds of grayish green shale Early Ordovician. Duwa Formation (<) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Duwa located 100 km southeast of Pishan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed of purplish red, reddish brown conglomerate, coarse-grained sandstone, with interbeds of grayish green mudstone, siltstone and a few limestones Late Permian. Duyantang Formation (5 ) No.108 Guizhou Team (Ling Changfu, Mo Yaozhi, Wang Yangeng et al.),1975,

Features of bedded ultrabasic rocks in Fanjingshan Region of Guizhou Province and preliminary discussion of their origin, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1975(4): 351-364. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.108 Geology Team, Guizhou Bureau of Geology Duyantang in eastern Fanjingshan, northeastern Guizhou Province Dealing with the formation within the top of Fanjingshan Group, for alternating beds of light gray, grayish green blastograywacke-siltstone, thin bedded serititeslate and silty slate Mesoproterozoic.

Duyun Formation () Lu Yanhao, Zhu Zhaoling, et al., Correlation Chart of Cambrian in China with Explanatory Text, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1982, Stratigraphic Correlation Chart in China with Explanatory Text, Beijing: Science Press, 28-54 Duyun County, Guizhou Province Mid Cambrian. Dzongbuk Shale ( ) Hayden, H. H., 1907, Mem. Geol. Surv. India, 36(2): 122-201 Zongpuqu (Dzongbuk) in Kangpa Zong, Dingri Area, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish green and gray thin-bedded shale Tertiary.

E E'叫in Formation (额阿钦组) ( 额 阿 钦 组 )

( Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Te飞t for 1:200000 Scale Geological Map: Yidun Sheet @ E' aqin in Batang County, Sichuan Province ( For metamorphicmudstone, volcanicrock, and ωffite with interbeds of limestone and clastic rock ( Early Pennian

Ebana Formation (俄巴纳组) ( Wen Peiran , 1992, Regional Geology ofNuji ang-Lancangjiang飞Jinshaj iangRivers , Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 148-2 18 ( Ebana located iO km southeast of Mangkang County, Tibet Autonomous Region ( Composed of altemating beds of grayish black calcareous shale and carbonaceous shale, with interbeds of flint banded limestone, muddy siliceous limestone, shale and volcanic breccia ( Early Pennian

Ecba Formation (俄查组) ( Guangdong Regional Gωlogical Survey Te缸n， Guangdong Bureau 0 1' Geolog)飞 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Ge:ologiιal Map of 1切inan Island @Echa in Jianbian Township, Dongfang County, Hainan Province ( For altem ating beds of qua由ose sandstone aod slate ( E arly Permiao (   ) } L  l W L }     

CZ>Guangdong Regional Geological Sur飞鸣I T，巳am， Guangdong Bureau of Geology, 1964, ExplauatoJY Text for 1 200000 Geo logical Map of Hainan Islaud ( Eding in Dongfa吨 County， Hainan Province ( :For limestone @EarlyPennian ( Synonymous

with Yanwoling Limestone Eding Formation (额顶组) ( NO.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet, Derong Sheet ( Eding close to Yongren, Zhongzan District, Batang County, Sichuan Province ( Dealing with a componeut formation with.iJJ the Xjaobachoug Group , for gray limestone, lU arl with inlerb巳ds of dolomitic marble , with metamOJ1)hic sandstone and schist with interbeds of phy llite and slate ( Late Cambrian.

EbuMember i.e. Ehuling Formation Ebuling Formation (鹅湖岭组) ( Ehu Member ( Beijing College of Geology, 196 1, Explanatory Text for 1 200000 Scale Geological Map: Shangrao Sheet ( Ehuling(range), 10 kmsoutheastofQianshan Range, Ji angxi Province ③Forpl叩l.ish red daci tic rhyoli te, rhyolitic andesite, tuffaceolls l1111dstone , tllffite， 飞vith interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone ( Late J lI rassic.

Copynghted ma怡nal

268

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Ejia’ao Formation () Shen Zhida, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Guizhou Province Ejia’ao in Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of light, grayish green blastosandstone, blastoquartzose sandstone and blastotuffite, with interbeds of slate and conglomerate Neoproterozoic. Ejin Formation ( ) Li Baolin, Xue Duo, 2000, The Underground Mesozoic Strata and Its Age in Beishan-Badian Jaran Area, in Editorial Committee of the Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 308-317 Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray, brown sands, mudstone and conglomerate Early Cretaceous. Eke Andesite () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 269, chart 57. First appeared in a 1941 manuscript “Geology of Songpan Grassland” by Xiong Yongxian Eke River in Kanggan, Songpan Grassland, Sichuan Province For andesite Tertiary. Ekou Gneiss ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 11, chart 45 Ekou in Wutai County, Shanxi Province For granitic gneiss Presinian.

Elantage Formation () Feng Mingdao, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bashikaogong Sheet Elantage in Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For arkose, silty mudstone, siltstone, mudstone and a few limestones Early Ordovician.

Elashan Group See Alxa Group. Elashan Formation () Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Elashan in Haisi Township, Dulan County, Qinghai Province For parti-coloured pyroclastic rocks and sedimentary rocks Late Triassic. Elegan Formation () Ailegan Formation (Airgin Sum Formation(?)) Berkey C P, Granger W, Morris F R, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., (385) The name of the Elegan Formation is derived from the temple of Elegan (Airgin Sum) in the Dorbod (Ulan hua) Banner, 100 km

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southwest of Erenhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Brown clay and white sands Oligocene. Elitu Formation () Northeast China Institute of Geology of & Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology,

1976, Palaeontological Atlas of North China Area, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Elitu in Xiangbai Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For continental volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks Early Permian.

Elksen Group ( ) Elksen Formation Norin E, 1931, Geografiska Annaler, Arg.13, 183-189 Elksen Daban in Quruq Tagh Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Phyllitic slate. Now it is composed of Yangjibulake Formation, Beisaina’ertage Formation, Saina’ertage Formation and Nansaina’ertage Formation Mid Protero-

zoic.

Eluchaka Formation ( ) Wei Zhensheng, Tan Yueyan, 1983, Outline of Stratigraphy of Tibet, in Contri-

bution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Eluchaka in Qiangtang Area, Tibet Autonomous Region For the strata corresponded to the Rejuechaka Formation Late Permian. Eluo Formation ()

Wen Peiran, 1992, Regional Geology of Nujiang-Lancangjiang-Jinshajiang Rivers, Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 148-218 Eluo, 10 km southeast of Mangkang County, Tibet Autonomous Region Carboniferous.

Emaokou Sandstone ( ) Chang Zhilin, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou ed., 1992, Late Paleozoic Sedimentary Environments and Coal Accumulation, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 19 Emaokou in Datong City, Shanxi Province For sandstone Early Permian.

Emu’erhe Group () Compiling Group Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stra-

tigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology Emu’er he River in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province Included Qixilinji Formation, Ershi’er zhan Formation, Mohe Formation and Kaikukang Formation Mid Jurassic. E’na Formation () Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, 1982, New Knowledge of Paleozoic Stratigraphy of

Himalayan Area, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (7), Beijing: Geological Publishing House E’na close to Shiqipo, 1 km south of Alai,

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the lower part of Shiqipo Formation (Mu Enzhi et al., 1984) Ordovician E’na Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Enda Formation () Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Yang Xianhe et al. Enda in Leiwuqi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For metamorphic strata composed mainly of gneiss and migmatite Presinian.

Ende’erguole Formation ( ) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 37. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript of classified material by Inner Mongolia Huhhot Sheet Team Ende’erguole in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a component formation within Dabulasiwula Group Presinian. Enge’erwusu Formation () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 75 Enge’erwusu in Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For argillaceous limestone, crystalline limestone, with interbeds of siliceous bands, dolomite and siltstone Late Cambrian. Enmari Formation () Han Tonglin, 1983, Discussion on the Paleozoic and the Sequence of Northeastern

Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Enmari in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Permian Enmari Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Enshih Formation () Enshih Sandstone Liu Zhiyuan, 1951, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 31(1): 1 Enshi (Enshih) County, Hubei Province For sandstone Triassic. Equnga Formation () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 75 Equnga in Zaduo County, Qinghai Province The only

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Early Carboniferous coal-bearing clastic strata in Tanggula Mountain Area, for gray, grayish black siltstone with interbeds of sandstone and carbonaceous slate Early Carboniferous. Erchiu Formation () Geographic name Erchiu was Romanized as Niki by the Japanese (LSI) Ichikawa Y, 1930, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Taoyuan Sheet Erchiu, southwest of Taipei County, Taiwan Province For alternating beds of mediumgrained sandstone and shale Miocene.

Erdaogang Member ( ) Erdaogang Eolianite Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Geology and Mineral Resources of People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Erdaogang in Xingkai Lake, Heilongjiang Province For brown, grayish yellow sandy clay Holocene. Erdaogou Formation (1) (  1) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Balikun Sheet Erdaogou in Balikun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For medium-basic volcanic rock with interbeds of volcanic clastic rock Carboniferous-Permian Homonym: Erdaogou Formation (2), (3). Erdaogou Formation (2) (  2) No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Changma Sheet Erdaogou in Gansu Province Late Cambrian Homonymous with Erdaogou Formation (1). Erdaogou Formation (3) (  3) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Xinde, Li Xingyun,

ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (21),Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Liaoning Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 39. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by No.9 Team of Liaoning Bureau of Geology Erdaogou close to Baijiajie, Dadianzi Township, Tieling County, Liaoning Province For spilite with interbeds of carbonaceous banded slate Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Erdaogou Formation (1).

Erdaohe Formation (1) (  1) Su Yumin, 1960, Geological Review, 20(6): 258-262 Erdaohe, 7.5 km south of Fangji,Gushi County, Henan Province For slate Early Permian Homonym: Erdaohe Formation (2). Erdaohe Formation (2) (  2) Qiu Shuyu, Liu Hongfu, 1982, Bulletin of Northwest University, Special issue: Precambrian, 127-159 Erdaohe close to Huanglongpu, Luonan County, Shaanxi

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Province For quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of dolomitic sandstone and silty slate Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Erdaohe Formation (1). Erdaohezi Group ( ) Wang Xiuzhang, 1959, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (2): 56-57 Erdaohezi in Nadanhadaling District, eastern Heilongjiang Province For the sum of Qingjiang Group and Sanyang Group Late Triassic-Early Jurassic.

Erdaoqiao Formation ( ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Erdaoqiao in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For the upper part of Donghe Group Ordovician.

Erdaowa Group ( )) Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huhhot Sheet Erdaowa in Daqingshan Township, Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For schist, quartzite and lepynite, included Fengjiayao Formation, Hongshangou Formation and Halaqin Formation Palaeoproterozoic. Erduanjing Formation (: ) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Erduanjing in Mazongshan Township, Subei County, Gansu Province For purplish red and grayish white gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone and conglomerate Late Triassic Synonym: Shanhujing Formation. Er’eshan Sandstone ( ) Huang T K, Yao H H, 1940, On the unconformity between the Triassic & Jurassic in Weiyuan, Szechuan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.20, 241-244 E’reshan in Weiyuan County, Sichuan Province For sandstone Late Triassic.

Ergou Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengxian Sheet Ergou close to Liuba, Shaanxi Province Composed mainly of sandstone Silurian. Ergulazi Formation (') Liu Maoqiang, Mi Jiarong, 1981, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, (3). First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by Tang Shilin Ergulazi in Naozhi Township, Hunjiang City, Jilin Province For lava-breccia Early Jurassic. Ergun He Formation ( ) Ergun Ho Group Ning Qisheng, Tang Kedong, 1959, Geological Monthly, (8) Ergun He in Xiao Hinggan Mountain, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For green schist and marble Early Cambrian.

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Erhagong Formation () Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, Xu Changcheng, 1984, Geological Review, 30(2) Erhagong in Dashetai, Wulate Qian Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For dolomitic limestone and dolomite Mid Ordovician.

Erhchiao Formation () Erhchiao Sandstone Yoh S S, Kiang Y, 1944, Guide of Geological Travel in Guizhou. First appeared in a 1928 manuscript by Ting V K Erqiao (Erhchiao), west of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For sandstone Late Triassic.

Erhchuetai Formation () Erhchuetai Series, Chuetaigou Formation Huang Shaoxian, Du Hengjian, 1946, Geological Review, 11(3/4): 254 The valley of Erquetai (Erhchuetai) close to Riqigou Hill, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For red, purple sandstone and sandy shale, with marl in the top of the formation Jurassic-Cretaceous Synonym: Chuetaigou Formation.

Erhchungchi Formation () Stach L W, 1956, Stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the upper Cenozoic

sequence in the foothill region east of Chiayi and Hsinying, The Symposium on Petroleum Geology of Taiwan Erhchungchi village close to Chientapu in Tungshan, Tainan County, Taiwan Province The lower part of the sequence is probably all shale, but the outcrop is lacing in the lowest part, the middle part consists of a thin alternation of shale and fine- to medium-grained sandstone and shale, with a conspicuous zone of dark gray sumptuous shale Pliocene-Pleistocene.

Erheying Group () Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Erheying in Heilongjiang Province Silurian.

Erhongliutan Formation () Luo Hui, 2000, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plate-

au, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000, Geological Evolution of KarakorumKunlun Mountain, Beijing: Science Press, 53 Erhongliutan in Shakesgam, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark gray siltstone with interbeds of yellow shale, massive limestone with interbeds of siliceous nodule and bands Late Permian. Erhtaocheng Quartzite (  ) Zhang Zongyin, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 85,87,89 Erdaocheng (Erhtaocheng) in Miyun County, Hebei Province (Now Miyun County in Beijing Municipality) For quartzite Proterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Erhtaokou Limestone ( ) Yabe H, Eguchi M, 1944, Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo, vol.20 Erdaogou (Erhtaokou) in Dasuihe Township, 15 km west of Jilin City, Jilin Province For green shale, phyllitic shale with interbeds of gray massive crystalline limestone and thin bedded argillaceous limestone Early Devonian. Erhtaoshui Limestone ( ) Erhtaoshui Dolomitic Limestone Zhang Yunxiang, 1958, Geological Monthly, (6) Erdaoshui (Erhtaoshui) close to Qingshuihe, Huili City, Sichuan Province For dolomitic Limestone Mid Cambrian-Early Ordovician. Erjingou Formation () Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no. 17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 105. First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Erjingou in Xixia County, Henan Province Sinian. Erkisengol Formation ( ) Erkisengol Series Norin E, 1937, Geology of West Qurug Tagh, East Tien-shan Erkisengol, east of Yuli, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Mesozoic (?). Erlanghe Formation (1) ( 1) No.311 Geology Team of Anhui Bureau of Metallurgical Geology, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Taihu Lake Sheet Erlanghe in Susong County, Anhui Province For phosphate-bearing schist Palaeoproterozoic Synonymous with Susong Group; Homonym: Erlanghe Formation (2). Erlanghe Formation (2) ( 2) Zhang Lizhu, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lanzhan Sheet Erlanghe in Hailin County, Heilongjiang Province For lava with interbeds of volcanic rock and sedimentary rocks Early Jurassic Homonymous

with Erlanghe Formation (1).

Erlangmiao Breccia () Zhang Wenyou trans., 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co., 114. First appeared in a manuscript by Hou Defeng et al. Erlangmiao in Guanxian County, Sichuan Province For breccia Tertiary Homonymous with Erlangmiao Volcanics. Erlangmiao Volcanics () Muroi W, 1940, Guide Book to No.2 Excursion, Geol. Conf. Manch. Erlangmiao in Fuxin County, Liaoning Province For volcanic rocks Jurassic Homonym: Erlangmiao Breccia.

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Erlangping Group () Jin Shouwen, 1976, Geological Information of Science and Technology of CentralSouth China, (1) Erlangping in Xixia County, Henan Province For a group included Damiao Formation (1), Huoshenmiao Formation (2), Xiaozhai Formation and Zimugou Formation Mid Ordovician. Erlangshan Formation (1) ( 1) No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuanhua Sheet Erlangshan in Hebei Province Mid Jurassic Homonym: Erlangshan Formation (2). Erlangshan Formation (2) ( 2) Jin Chuntai et al., 1989, Silurian Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Erlangshan Area, Sichuan, Bull. Chengdu Inst. Geol. Min. Resour., Chinese Acadmy of Geological Science, (11) Erlangshan, western Sichuan Province Late Ordovician Homonymous with Erlangshan Formation (1). Erlianqiao Formation (#) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 124. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Li Wenkang Erlianqiao in eastern Wandashan Mountain, Heilongjiang Province For both coral-bearing limestone and its rounded dadiolaria-bearing siltstone, siltstone and slate Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Synonym: Daqiaoling Formation; Homonym: Erlianqiao Limestone. Erlianqiao Limestone (#) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 124 Erlianqiao in eastern Wandashan Mountain, Heilongjiang Province For only the coral-bearing limestone (olistolite) rounded by the other radiolarian-bearing siltstone, siltstone and slate Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Erlianqiao Formation. Erligou Formation () Zhan Lihua, Wang Mincheng, 1993, Liaoning Geology, (1): 67-73 Erligou in Liaoning Province Late Carboniferous. Erlongshan Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Liang Qingchu Erlongshan Forestry Farm in Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province

276

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

For yellowish green, purplish brown andesite, basalt with interbeds of tuffite and siltstone Early Permian.

Ermaying Formation () Shanxi Stratigraphy Team, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1959, Contribution to the Field Meeting of Stratigraphy, Shanxi, National Stratigraphical Conference Ermaying in Ningwu County, Shanxi Province For red sandstone and mudstone Triassic. Erqingshan Formation ( ) You Wendeng, 1988, Geology of Shandong, 4(1) Erqingshan in Xinxing Township, Cangshan County, Shandong Province Neoproterozoic. Ershi’erzhan Formation () Wang Ying, 1985, New Advances in the Studies of the Jurassic and Cretaceous System of Da Hinggan Mountains, Journal of Stratigraphy, 9(3): 203-209 Ershi’erzhan in Kaikukang Township, Tahe County, Heilongjiang Province Dealing with a component formation within the Emu’erhe Group, for blackish gray, grayish green fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, and silty mudstone, with interbeds of conglomerate Mid Jurassic. Ershijiazi Formation () Ershijiazi Clastics No.104 Team of Liaoning Bureau of Coal Management, 1958, Report of Coalfield Survey of Machang Ershijiazi close to Machang, Jianping County, Liaoning Province Early Cretaceous. Ershilipu Formation () Chen Jinbiao, Zhang Huimin, Zhu Shixing, Zhao Zhen, 1980, in Tianjin Insti-

tute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 56-114. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Tianjin Integrative Geology Research Team, Hebei Bureau of Geology Ershilipu, 5 km north of Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For gray argillaceous limestone, with interbeds of black siliceous bands Mesoproterozoic.

Ertaizi Formation (1) ( 1) Wan Zhengquan, 1981, The introduction of Ertaizi Formation, a new stratigraphical unit, Journal of Stratigraphy, 5(2): 128-132 Ertaizi close to Xiejiawan, south of the village of Ganxi, Pingwu County, Sichuan Province For a part within limestone in the base of the original Yangmapa Formation Early Devonian Ertaizi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning; Homonym: Ertaizi Formation (2). Ertaizi Formation (2) ( 2) Yang Zhihua, 1991, Tectonic Lithofacies and Mineralization in Marginal Transformed Basin, Beijing: Science Press Ertaizi in Shaanxi Province Late Devonian Homonymous with Ertaizi Formation (1).

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Ertaizi Slate () Du Qiliang, 1986, Bulletin of Chengdu College of Geology Ertaizi in Huilong, Zhenan County, Shaanxi Province For the slate in so called Xinghongpu Formation close to Ertaizi Late Devonian Homonymous with Ertaizi Formation (1). Ertang Formation ( ) Yu Changmin, Yin Baoan, 1978, A new stratigraphic unit of Lower Devonian in Central Guangxi, Journal of Stratigraphy, 2(1): 23-31 Ertang in Wuxuan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For marls and argillaceous limestone, with interbeds of mudstone and dolomitic limestone Early Devonian.

Ertemte Formation () Ertemte Sand Anderson J G, 1923, Essays on the Cenozoic of North China, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (3) Erdengde (Ertemte) village, 4 km east to Huade County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For light coloured sandy clay Neogene. Eryuhe Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangzhou Sheet Eryuhe, 8 km northwest of Shangyang County, Shaanxi Province Composed of light gray sandstone, limestone and car-

bonaceous slate, with slate with inerbeds of quartzose sandstone, coal seams and limestone Early Carboniferous Eryuhe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Erzhan Formation () Zhang Lizhu et al., 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shalanzhan Sheet Erzhan in Heilongjiang Province Mesoproterozoic. Erzuiqiang Formation ( ) Du Qiliang, 1986, Bulletin of Chengdu College of Geology, 13(1) Erzuiqiang close to Qiasi, Daocheng County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Qiasi Group, for schist, leucogranulite, with interbeds of marble Presinian. Eshikan Formation ( ) He Shucheng, 1989, Bull. Geol. Soc. Sichuan, 9(3) Eshikan in Qingchuan and Pingwu Area, Sichuan Province Sinian. Etouchang Formation ( ) Yunnan Integrative Geology Research Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Mineral Resources Map of Yunnan Etouchang in Huanglongzhai, Lufeng County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Kun-

yang Group, for grayish black slate, with interbeds of dolomite, limestone and siltstone Mesoproterozoic.

278

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Etoucun Formation () Yin Baoan, 1987, 11th International Congress of Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology, Guide of Field Investigation of Geology (6) Etoucun in Tangjiawan, south of Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone with interbeds of argillaceous limestone Late Devonian. Etoushan Formation () Jilin Integrative Geology Research Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hadayingzi Sheet Etoushan in Jilin Province Cretaceous. Eulkai Formation ( ) Horizon de Eulkai Depart J, 1912, Etude G´eologique du Yun-nan Oriental, I, G´eologie G´enerale, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1 Ergai (Erjie, Eulkai), 19 km northwest of Kunyang County, Yunnan Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Ewenling Formation () Hainan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Chen Zhepei ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (46),Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hainan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 10. First appeared in a 1994 manuscript by Ma Daquan, Huang Xiangding & Chen Zhepei Ewenling in Ledong County, Hainan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Baoban Group, for schist and quartzite, with graphite Mesoproterozoic. Ezhai Formation () Li Jianhai et al., 1994, New Lithostratigraphic unit established in Fujian Province, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 325-347 Ezhai in Qiaotou Township, Minhou County, Fujian Province For a series of volcanic rocks Late Jurassic or Cretaceous.

F Fajiaying Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaomi Sheet, Qingdao Sheet, Lingshanwei Sheet Fajiaying in Yinghai Town, Jiaozhou City, Shandong Province For particoloured fine-grained sandstone, siltstone and shale, with interbeds of rhyolitic tuff Early Cretaceous. Falang Formation () Falang Beds Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geol-

ogy, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Xu Deyou & Chen Kang Falang village, 5 km south of Huajiang, Guanling County, Guizhou Province For dark gray argillaceous limestone, knotty limestone, with interbeds of yellow calcareous claystone, marls and sandy limestone Mid Triassic. Fanchiatang Formation ( ) Fanchiatang Coal Series Chu S, Li Y Y, Lee C, 1935, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica, (11) Fanjiatang (Fanchiatang), south of Longtan Town, Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province For dark gray, grayish black siltstone, fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of sandy mudstone and coal seams Late Triassic. Fanchuang Formation ( ) Fanchuang Series Li C, Chu S, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica, (9) Fanzhuang (Fanchuang) in Xichuan County, Henan Province For alternating beds of fossil-bearing red sandstone and marl Tertiary.

Fancun Formation () Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 101. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Bi Zhiguo & Zang Runhai Fancun village in Ningguo County, Anhui Province For white quartzose sandstone and yellowish green siltstone Mid Silurian. Fangcheng Formation () Fangcheng Group Zhang Jiefang, 1959, Geological Review, 19(7): 308 Fangcheng Autonomous County, Guangdong Province For brownish yellow, purplish red, grayish black fine-grained sandstone, shale, siltstone, with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Late Silurian. Fangchiao Member () Fangchiao Formation Yen T O, Chen P Y, 1953, Explanatory Text of Geological Map of Taiwan: Ruifang Sheet, Geological Survey of Taiwan Fangjiao(Fangchiao)

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

in northeast of Xueshan Mountain, Taiwan Province For sandstone and shale with interbeds of coal seams Pliocene. Fangchong Formation () Fangchong Coal Series Hsieh C Y, Chang K, 1928, Geology of the Tang Shan and Its Vicinity, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 7(2): 157 Fangchong Coal Mine, north of Tangshui Town, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For coal series Permian. Fangcun Formation () Wu Tieshan, 1997, Explanatory Text of 1:500 000 Scale Digital Geological Map of Shanxi Province Fangcun in Daixian County, Shanxi Province For gravel beds with reddish brown clay and yellowish silt sandy clay with interbeds of gravel Pleistocene. Fangfanghe Group () Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.186 Shaanxi Coal Field Geology Team Fangfanghe River in Qianyang County, Shaanxi Province For red thick-bedded conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone Late Jurassic. Fanggezhuang Formation ( ) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text of 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaomi Sheet, Qingdao Sheet, Lingshan Sheet Fanggezhuang in Jiaohe Township, Jiaonan City, Shandong Province For only alternating circle beds of basic volcanic lava and volcanic clastics Early Cretaceous Fangezhuang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with nonlithostratigraphic meaning. Fangjiachong Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Fangjiachong in Luotian County, Hubei Province Dealing with the lowest formation within the Tapei Group, for gneiss Archean.

Fangjiahe Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 227. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Jianghan Department of Petroleum Exploration Fangjiahe in Dangyang County, Hubei Province Palaeogene.

Fangjian Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and

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281

Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 41 Fangjian (Lingdian) in Xinlinqu, Tahe County, Heilongjiang Province For metamorphic quartzose sandstone, slate, phyllite, crystalline limestone and metamorphic volcanic rocks Neoproterozoic. Fangling Schist () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Sanxia Hydrological Engineering Geology Team Fangling close to Sandouping, Yichang County, Hubei Province Dealing with a part within the Huangling Complex Proterozoic. Fangmachang Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text of 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Fangmachang in Zhada County, Tibet Autonomous Region For sandy shale and nodular shale with interbeds of sandstone Jurassic-Cretaceous Synonymous with Menkadun Formation.

Fangniugou Sandstone ( ) Fangniugou Sandstone Conglomerate Beds Sugai, K, 1942, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 49(585): 228-230 Fangniugou in Saima, Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province For sandstone and conglomerate Mid Jurassic Homonym: Fangniugou Volcanics.

Fangniugou Volcanics () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xia Daixiang, Liu Shikun ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 88 Fangniugou in Moli Township, Yitong County, Jilin Province For tuffaceous lava with interbeds of crystalline limestone Silurian Homonymous with Fangniugou Sandstone. Fangniuling Limestone () Chu Yinong, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(3): 378. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by Zheng Gongpu & Zhong King Fangniuling in northern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Late Permian.

Fangniushan Formation () Xi Wenxiang, 1994, The establishment of the Fangniushan Formation, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 298-300 Fangniushan in Zhangcun Township, Shanxian County, Henan Province For schist with interbeds of quartzite and conglomerate and marble Palaeoproterozoic.

282

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Fangou Formation () Xue Xiang, Zhao Zhenfa, 1982, Bulletin of Northwest University, (3): 70-80, Fangou in Shimen Town, Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For brownish red, purplish red mudstone, siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate Palaeogene.

Fangpo Formation () Dengjiaolou Formation Xue Wanjun, 2000, in Zhou Mulin et al. ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Lexicon of China: The Quaternary System, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 36 Fangpo village close to Dengjiaolou, southwest of Maicheng village, Xuwen County, Guangdong Province For white coral limestone, beach rocks, and delta sediments Holocene New name of Dengjiaolou Formation (Xue Wanjun, 1983).

Fangqiao Formation () Yu Jianhua, Cheng Minjuan, Huang Zhicheng, Fang Yiting, Chen Yunshang,

1979, On Ordovician from South Jiangsu, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(3): 157174 Fangqiao in Yixing County, Jiangsu Province For silicified or unsilicified crystalline limestone distributed in Dayangshan and Xiaoyangshan Early Ordovician. Fangshan Formation () Fangshan Volcanics Series Cheng Yuqi, Shen Yonghe, 1948, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 28(3/4): 107-154 Fangshan in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For volcanic rocks Tertiary.

Fangshan Formation () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 212, chart 44 Fangshan County, Beijing Municipality For limestone, shale and sandstone Permian Homonymous with Fangshan Marble. Fangshan Limestone ()

Cao Shilu, 1933, Geology and Mineral Resources of Nanyang, Zhenping and Xichuan Counties, Henan, Report of Geological Survey of Henan, (2) Fangshan in Neixiang County, Henan Province For limestone Proterozoic.

Fangshan Marble () Fangshan Dolomite-Marble Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby and Co., 60 Fangshan County, Beijing Municipality For

dolomite marble, proved to be an excellent building material, commonly used for the construction of the Imperial Palace in Beijing. At time, the rock became so highly magnesian that it was a true magnetite Proterozoic Homonym: Fangshan Formation.

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283

Fangshankou Formation () Zhu Weiyuan, Shen Guanglong, 1977, Bulletin of Lanzhou University (Naturial Science), (1), Fangshankou in Dunhuang City, Gansu Province For a series of volcanic lava and volcanic breccia Late Permian. Fangshanzhen Volcanics () Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 73. First appeared in a manuscript by Minagawa N Fangshan Town in Badaohao, Heishan County, Liaoning Province Dealing with a component formation within the Badaohao Group, for volcanic rocks Late Jurassic Synonymous with Kangtai Formation. Fangshenpao Formation () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Dexin, Li Xingyun

ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (21), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Liaoning Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 197. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by Sun Zhencheng et al. Fangshenpao in Xialiaohe District, Liaoning Province For basalt with interbeds of sandstone, mudstone and coal seams Paleocene-Eocene.

Fangtze Formation () Fangtze Series T’an H C, 1923, New Research on the Mesozoic and Early Tertiary Geology in Shantung, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (5), pt.2 Fangzi (Fangtze) (today Weifang City), Weixian County, Shandong Province For clastic rock and coal seams with basal conglomerate Early-Mid Jurassic. Fanho Formation () Fanho system, geographic name Fanho was Romanized as Hanga by the Japanese (LSI) Saito R, 1943, Mem. Geol. Inst. Manch., (18) Fanhe (Fanho) in Tieling, Liaoning Province For the sum of Sanchazi Member, Chaihe Member, Tieling Member and Huishihtun Member Proterozoic. Fanhsia Formation ( ) Liao Shifan, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1): 65-72 Fanxia (Fanhsia) in Yongxing County, Jiangxi Province  Composed of black shale, green sandstone and oolitic hematite beds Late Devonian.

Fanjiajiao Member () Wu Tieshan, 1988, in Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, Lithostraigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi Fanjiajiao in Licheng County, Shanxi Province For quartzose arkose with interbeds of grayish green shale and siltstone Mesoproterozoic. Fanjiamen Formation () Lu Zhaoqia, Li Shuxun, 1945, Preliminary Report of Northwest Branch of National Geological Survey of China, (9): 1-10 Fanjiamen valley, south of Yanjing

284

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Town, Zhangxian County, Gansu Province For alternating beds of shale and limestone Carboniferous. Fanjiaping Formation () Zhu Hongyuan et al., 1993, Hubei Geology, 7(2): 11-18 Fanjiaping in Yunxi County, Hubei Province For limestone, dolomitic limestone and quartzose sandstone Early Carboniferous.

Fanjiaying Formation () Tao Hongxiang, He Huiya, Wang Jinqing, Pei Xianzhi, 1993, Evolutionary His-

tory Tectonics of Northern Margin of the Yangtze Plate, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press Fanjiaying in Lveyang County, Shaanxi Province Proterozoic.

Fanjingshan Group (&) No.108 Guizhou Geology Team (Ling Changfu, Mo Yaizhi, Wang Yangeng, et al.), 1975, Features of bedded ultrabasic rocks in Fanjingshan Region of Guizhou Province and preliminary discussion of their origin, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1975 (4): 351-364. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Xiang-Qian-Gui Prospecting Group of Precambrian Fanjingshan in northeast Guizhou Province Dealing with a series of huge thickness metamorphic continental source clastic sedimentary and volcanic sedimentary strata, for the sum of Baiyunsi Subgroup and Hetaoping Subgroup Mesoproterozoic.

Fankeng Formation ( ) Cao Baosen, 1983, Geology of Fujian, 2(1): 51-56 Fankeng in Xiacun, Yongding County, Fujian Province For purplish gray, dark gray andesite, basalt, with interbeds of trashy basalt and tuffite Jurassic.

Fanshang Formation () Liu Yongyao, Sun Zhenhua, Yang Shaoming, 1984,Trasitional types of the Cam-

brian and Ordovician systems in southeastern Hubei, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(2): 94-106 Fanshang in Wuning County, Jiangxi Province For gray banded limestone with gray thin bedded shale Late Cambrian.

) Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jianhe Sheet Fanshao village, 8 km east of Taijiang County, Guizhou Province For blastosandstone with interbeds of slate, marble, slate, phyllite and blastotuff Proterozoic. Fanshao Formation (

Fanshengbao Formation () Fanshengbao Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku Imp. Univ., (13): 1-84 Fanshengbao in Liaoning Province For coalbearing strata Permian.

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Fanshi Formation (!) Fanshi Basalt Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Fanshi County, Shanxi Province For basalt with interbeds of red, yellow and white clay beds and lignite Eocene-Oligocene Homonym: Fanshi Group. Fanshi Group (!)

Yang Zhensheng, Li Shuxun, Ji Shukai, 1982, The Disintegration of Wutai Group

and the Establishment of Taihuai Movement, in Contribution to Tectonic Geology, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Fanshi County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the lower part of the original Wutai Group, included Banyukou Formation, Jingangku Formation and Zhuangwang Formation Archean Homonymous with Fanshi Formation. Fanyongquan Schist ( ) Fanyongquan Quartz Schist Sha Shaoli, 1998, Yunnan Geology, 17(1): 1-16 Fanyongquan in Diancangshan, Dali City, Yunnan Province For quartz schist.

Feidong Group (") Xu Jiawei, 1965, Geology of East China, (6) Feidong County, Anhui Province For biotite-plagiogneiss, plagioamphibolite, biotite-schist, hornblende schist Palaeoproterozoic.

Feihsienkuan Formation (#) Feihsienkuan Shale Chao Y T, 1929, Geological Notes in Szechuan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 8(2): 137 Feixianguan (Feihsienkuan), 15 km north of Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For a series of alternating beds of purple mudstone and limestone, with interbeds of sandy, muddy and calcareous shale Triassic Homonymous with Fisankou Limestone.

Feihu Formation (#) Feishan Formation Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Feihu Range in Huanggang County, Hubei Province A component formation of Tapei Group Palaeoproterozoic.

Feijiba Formation (#) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 302 Feijiba in Zhangla County, Sichuan Province For gravel beds and yellow clay Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Feilaifeng Limestone (#) Chu T H, 1924, Brief Report of Geological Survey of Chekiang, (1-3) Feilaifeng in West Lake, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province For limestone Early Permian. Feilaissu Formation (#) Feilaissu Series Ting V K, 1947, Report of Geological Survey, National Geological Survey Feilaisi (Feilaissu) in Fumin County, Yunnan Province Carboniferous-Permian(?). Feilongshan Formation (#) Xie Guisheng et al., 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet, Huma Sheet Feilongshan in Heilongjiang Province Early Ordovician. Feishan Formation (“” ) First appeared in Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 60 Feishan in Jiangxi Province or Hunan Province(?) For coal-bearing strata Triassic or Jurassic.

Feishuiyen Limestone (# ) Liu Guochang, 1947, Recent Notes on Mineral Resources Survey, (80): 4 Feishuiyan (Feishuiyen) in Xinhua County, Hunan Province For limestone Devonian.

Feishuyen Limestone (#) Hsieh C Y, Chu T H, et al., 1928, Geological Report of Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (1): 2 Feishuyan (Feishuyen), south of Chini, Huaxian County, Guangdong Prov ince For dark gray argillaceous limestone with interbeds of shale, locally with pyrite-bearing massive limestone Early Carboniferous. Feiweihe Formation (") Feiwei Formation Bai Jin, Zhang Xueqi, 1981, Tectonics and the classification of Dahongshan Group in Dahongshan Mine Region, Yunnan, Bull. Tianjin Inst. Geol. Min. Resou., (3) Feiweihe in Xinping County, Yunnan Province For dolomitic marble, carbonaceous slate, graphite and pyrite-bearing marble, with interbeds of diabase Palaeoproterozoic. Fenbigou Formation ($!) Xiao Siyun, Zhang Weiji, 1988, Metamorphic Stratigraphy of Northern Qinling Mountain, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press Fenbigou in Ludao, Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province For metamorphic quartzose sandstone with interbeds of quartz schist and with a few marbles Late Paleozoic.

Fenfanghe Formation (%) Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.186 Shaanxi Coalfield Geology Team Fenfanghe in Qianyang County, Shaanxi Province For purplish gray,

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brownish red conglomerate, huge pebble, with interbeds of brownish red sandstone and muddy siltstone Late Jurassic. Fengboyu Quartzite (@ ) Zhang Bosheng, 1958, The Precambrian System and its development of tectonic of Zhongtiao Mountain, Bulletin of Northwest University, (2) Fengboyu in Yuxiang County, Shaanxi Province For quartzite Presinian. Fengcheng Formation () Jin Yugan, 1987, Stratigraphy, in Devision of Geosciences, Chinese Academy of

Sciences ed., 1987, Geological Development and Prospect of Oil and Gas, Beijing: Science Press, 16-32 Fengcheng in Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For muddy, tuffaceous dolomite, dolomitic mudstone with interbeds of sandstone, siltstone and limestone Late Permian. Fengchu Shale () Liu C C, Chao Y T, 1927, Geology of Western Chekiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (9): 19 Fengzhu (the error of Fengzu) (Fengchu), 8 km north of Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province For shales Late Ordovician. Fengchuipo Formation ( #) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Fengchuipo in Fengqing County, Yunnan Province For a component formation within the local Lancang Group Early Paleozoic. Fengdonggang Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 98. First appeared in a manuscript of conference materials Fengdonggang close to Guanyinqiao, Qijiang County, Sichuan Province For a series of local shell facies strata composed mainly of carbonate rocks Mid Ordovician. Fengdongkou Formation (&) Nan Yi, 1994, Guangdong Geology, 9(4) Fengdongkou in Xinyi County, Guangdong Province For a series of light metamorphic carbonaceous clastic rocks Proterozoic.

Fengfeng Formation () Compiling Group for Hebei Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team Fengfeng Mine Area, Handan City, Hebei Province For the strata belonging to Mid Ordovician Mid Ordovician Fengfeng Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Fenggang Member (&) Zhang Xianqiu, 1984, Division and biota of Luofuzhai Group in Pingling Section of Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong, Journal of stratigraphy, 8(4): 239-254 Fenggang in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For a component member within the Buxin Formation Palaeogene. Fenggou Beds (&() Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157 Fenggou in Heshun County, Shanxi Province For a limestone beds within the Shansi Formation Early Permian. Fenggou Formation () Xu Jie, Huang Zhigao, 1979, Acta Geologica Sinica, 53(1): 1-21. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Lin Baoyu Fenggou in Huocheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a formation name in original Xinertai GroupEarly Ordovician Fenggou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with

chronostratigraphic meaning.

Fenghuangshan Formation (1) (  1) Fenghuangshan Series Shimitzu S, Matzuzawa I, 1935, Geology of Chengte, Johol Area, Rept. Inst, pt.II, Exp. Manchukuo, ser.II, pt.II, 31 Fenghuangshan close to Chengde City, Hebei Province Proterozoic Homonymous with Fenghuangshan Limestone. Fenghuangshan Formation (2) (  2) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Onuki Y Fenghuangshan in Shandong Province For dark red, dark purple sandstone with interbeds of brown, gray, and yellow clay and marls Permian-Triassic Homonymous with Fenghuangshan Limestone. Fenghuangshan Formation (3) (  3) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 207 Fenghuangshan close to Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For brownish red, light gray conglomerate and sandstone Eocene Homonymous with Fenghuangshan Limestone. Fenghuangshan Formation (4) (  4) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing:

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Geological Publishing House, 10. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.3 Yunnan Geology Team Fenghuangshan in central Yunnan Province For a component formation within the Yuanmou Group Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Fenghuangshan Limestone. Fenghuangshan Limestone ( ) Li C, 1928, Geology of Puchi, Kiayu, Hsienning, Chunyang, and Wuchang Districts, Hupeh Province, Mem. Nat. Res. Geol. Nanking, (3) Fenghuangshan in the southeast of Hubei Province For limestone Late Permian Homonym:

Fenghuangshan Formation (1), (2), (3), (4), Fenghuangshan Member. Fenghuangshan Member ( )

Xie Guisheng et al., 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet, Huma Sheet Fenghuangshan in Heilongjiang Province Early Ordovician Homonymous with Fenghuangshan Limestone.

Fenghuangtai Formation ( ) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team , 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Lu’an Sheet. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript “Preliminary Knowledge of Mesozoic Stratigraphy in Hefei Depression” by Yang Zhijian Fenghuangtai in Lu’an City, Anhui Province For purplish red thick-bedded conglomerate Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Fenghuangzhen Formation ( )

Zhou Shiquan, Han Shimin, Zhang Yongcai, 1979, Subdivision of “Red Beds” of Liguanqiao Basin, Henan Province, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (1): 43-55 Fenghuangzhen in Xichuan County, Henan Province For gray, grayish black conglom-

erate, grayish yellow sandy mudstone, siltstone with alternating beds of sandstone, grayish white marls and calcareous mudstone Neogene Synonymous with Nanyang Formation. Fenghuangzui Formation ( )

Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 37 Fenghuangzui in Chengde City, Hebei Province For a component formation within the Dantazi Group Archean. Fenghuoshan Group () Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Zhao Zongpu Fenghuoshan, south of Kunlun Mountain, Qinghai Province For alternating beds of purplish red conglomerate, sandstone, light gray shale, sandy mudstone and green sandstone Cretaceous.

290

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Fengjia’ao Formation (')) Zhu Hongyuan, Tao Jinbao, 1988, Cambrian Strata of Xijiadian, Junxian, Hubei, Journal of Stratigraphy, 12(3): 230-234 Fengjia’ao close to Xijiadian, Junxian County, Hubei Province For thick-bedded limestone Mid Cambrian. Fengjiachong Formation (') Gu Zhiwei, Cheng Zhenxiu, 1981, Geologic age of the Jurassic Formation in southwestern Hunan, China, Journal of Stratigraphy, 5(4): 241-262 Fengjiachong in Lingling County, Hunan Province Late Triassic Fengjiachong Formation is

the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Fengjiahe Formation (') Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dali Sheet. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Fengjiahe in Pupeng District, Xiangyun County, Yunnan Province For coarse-grained sandstone and conglomerate Early Jurassic. Fengjiawan Formation (') Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, (11) Fengjiawan village in Duguan Township, Lushi County, Henan Province For algae-bearing limestone with interbeds of flint bands or nodule Sinian.

Fenglezhen Formation (&) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 196. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Fenglezhen in Feixi County, Anhui Province For brownish yellow sand, gravel, grayish yellow clay, sand and sand clay Holocene. Fenglin Formation ( ) Xie Wenwei, 1992, Jiangxi Geology, 2(1): 26-30 Fenglin in Jiangxi Province Early Carboniferous.

Fenglishan Formation () Li Songsheng, 1987, Hubei Geology, (1) Fenglishan in Hubei Province Mid Triassic. Fengmi Limestone () Fengmi Formation Misch P, 1946, On the discovery of upper Permian (Lopingian) in Western Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 26(1/4): 65-82 Fengmi, between Heinishao and Heqing, western Yunnan Province For limestone Mid Triassic.

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Fengmuping Formation () Lin Huanling, Wang Jungeng, Liu Yiren, 1966, Cambrian Stratigraphy in Songtao, Tongren, Guizhou and Lixi, Hunan, Journal of Stratigraphy, 1(1): 4-24 Fengmuping in Tongren County, Guizhou Province For limestone and marl with interbeds of brecciated limestone and edgewise conglomerate, dolomite Mid Cam-

brian.

Fengning Group (&) Fengninian System, this term was originally applied to the whole of the Chinese Lower Carboniferous SeriesTing V K, 1931, On the Stratigraphy of the

Fengninian System, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 10(1), the Grabau Anniversary Volume, in commemoration of Dr. Grabau A W’s 60th birthday and also his ten year work in China, 31-48 Fengning (Fengnin) Today is Dushan County where most fossiliferous Lower Carboniferous beds situated Originally, divided into an upper division (Tatang Group) and a lower division (Aikuan Group), each of which is again subdivided into two groups. The lower Fengninian consists of Kolaoho Limestone and Tangpakou sandstone, and the upper Fengninian consists of Chiussu Sandstone and Shangssu Limestone, all in the ascending order Early Carboniferous The concept of stratigraphic classification and terminology of the Fengninian System and its subdivision are confusable. All subdivisions of the Fengninian are lithostratigraphic classification and nomenclature. So we may handle the Fengninian System as the Fengning Group or Supergroup with higher rank lithostratigraphic unit. Fengpi Formation () Fengpi Coal Series, Fengpiqiao Formation T’an H C, Wang S W, 1930, Geological Reconnaissance along the Projected Railway Line from Nanchang to Fuchow, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14) Fengpiqiao village, 15 km southeast of Chongren County, Jiangxi Province For coal-bearing strata Jurassic. Fengping Formation (&&) Juan V C, 1954, Physiography and Geology of Taiwan, China Culture Publishing

Foundation (This name appeared in a table on pages 20-21 of the author’s book to indicate the Miocene rocks in eastern Taiwan) Fengping town in Hualien County, Taiwan Province For sandstone and shale Miocene. Fengping Formation () Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishui Sheet. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Xi’an Institute of Coal Science Fengping close to Songyang, Lishui County, Zhejiang Province For alternating beds of quartzose sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and coal seams Early Jurassic Synonym to be confirmed: Huaqiao Formation (?). Fengpiqiao Formation () i.e. Fengpi Formation.

292

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Fengshan Formation () Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yutai Sheet Fengshan in Jiangsu Province Miocene. Fengshan Formation ( ) Fengshan Series, geographic name Fengshan was Romanized as Fenchan by the French (LsI) Sun Y C, 1923, Upper Cambrian of Kaiping Basin, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 2(1/2): 93-100 Fengshan, 15 km northeast of Tangshan City, Hebei Province For edgewise conglomerate Late Cambrian Fengshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Fengshanli Formation (() Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bengbu Sheet Fengshanli in Anhui Province Dealing

with a component formation within the Wuhe Group, for gneiss, leptynite and marble Palaeoproterozoic. Fengshantun Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157 Fengshantun in Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province For acid lava, tuffite with interbeds of sedimentary rock Late Triassic. Fengshanying Formation ( ) Zhang Yunxiang, 1958, Geological Monthly, (6). First appeared in a manuscript by Tang Kecheng Fengshanying close to Limahe, Huili County, Sichuan Province Presinian.

Fengshui Formation ( ) Onuki Y, 1951, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 57(664-675): 527-537 Fengshui in Zibo City, Shandong Province For coal series Permian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Fengshui Limestone. Fengshui Limestone ( ) Onuki Y, 1951, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 57(664-675): 527-537 Fengshui in Zibo City, Shandong Province For the limestone bed within the Fengshui Formation Permian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Fengshui Formation. Fengshuigouhe Group ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology,

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no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 32-33 Fengshuigouhe in central Heilongjiang Province For leptynite, gneiss and schist Neoproterozoic. Fengtai Formation ( ) Fengtai Conglomerate Xu Jiawei, 1958, Geological Review, 18(1): 41-45 Fengtai County, Anhui Province For red brecciated dolomitic conglomerate Early

Cambrian.

Fengtian Limestone (() Sun Y C, 1923, Upper Cambrian of Kaiping Basin, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 2(1/2): 93-100 Fengtian (Fentien) (today Shenyang City) in Liaoning Province For limestone Late Cambrian. Fengtien Formation () Fengtien Series Wang C C, 1920, On the Geology and Coal Resources of the District of Chi-an, An-fu, Yung Hsin in Kiangsi Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (2) Fengtian (Fengtien) Town, 7 km northwest of Anfu County, Jiangxi Province For a coal series Late Permian. Fengtongzhai Formation ()) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoxing Sheet Fengtongzhai in Yanjing Township, Baoxing County, Sichuan Province For phyllite with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Miocene. Fengwo Member () Xiao Weimin, Wang Hongdi, Zhang Linxin, Dong Wenlan, 1986, Early Permian

Stratigraphy and Faunas in Southern Guizhou: Guiyang, Guizhou People’s Publishing House, 30 Fengwo close to Sazhi, south of Langdai Town, Liuzhi Special Region, Guizhou Province Dealing with a component member within the Sazhi Formation, for alternating beds of gray dolomite and grayish yellow silty mudstone Early Permian. Fengxiang Marble ( ) Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol.1, Beijing: Science Press, 94-109. First appeared in a manuscript by Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology, Jilin Bureau of Geology and Changchun College of Geology Fengxiang in Heilongjiang Province For marble. Fengxin Conglomerate (() Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongxiu Sheet Fengxin County, Jiangxi Province For purplish red thick-bedded conglomerate, and fine-grained clastic rocks EoceneOligocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Fengxing Member ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology

of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245 Fengxing County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a component member within the Nadang Formation Early Jurassic. Fengyang Formation ( ) Fengyang Beds Zhang Wenyou (translator), 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co., 120, table 19 Fengyang County, Anhui Province For red, yellow and black sands and gravel Pleistocene Homonym:

Fengyang Group.

Fengyang Group ( ) Xu Jiawei et al., 1965, Geology of East China, (6): 35-50 Fengyang County, Anhui Province For schist, included Baiyunshan Formation and Chingshishan Formation Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Fengyang Formation.

Fengyuan Group (&) Fengyuan Series, geographic name Fengyuan was Romanized as Toyohara by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K, 1935, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tungshan Sheet Fengyuan village in Taichung County, Taiwan Province At the typical place, it was subdivided into Tungshan Formation and Maifuping

Formation; Rin T (1935) divided it into another two formations: Cholan Formation and Pitoushan Formation Miocene-Pliocene. Fengzhen Formation ( )

Yang Zhihua, 1991, Tectonic Lithofacies and Mineralization in Marginal Transformed Basin, Beijing: Science Press Fengzhen Town in Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province Mid Devonian.

Fengzishan Formation ( ) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 70 Fengzishan in Lanxian County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the Lanhe Group, for metamorphic conglomerate, quartzite, and light metamorphic clastic rocks Palaeoproterozoic. Fenhe Formation (*) Zhang Shiya, 1979, Geological Science and Technology of Shanxi, (1) Fenhe in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For grayish yellow sandy clay, sands and gravel (notes in holes) Holocene Homonymous with Fenho Formation.

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Fenho Formation (*) Fenho Sandstone Fuller M L, 1919, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., vol.3, 101 Fenhe (Fenho) in Shanxi Province For red sandstone Permian-Triassic Synonym: Shihchienfeng Formation; Homonym: Fenhe Formation. Fenhsiang Formation (+) Fenhsiang Series Wang Yu, 1938, Geological Review, 3(2): 138 Fenxiang (Fenhsiang) chang, 13 km northwest of Yichang City, Hubei Province For yellowish green shale with interbeds of limestone Early Ordovician.

Fenkeng Formation (* ) Fenkeng Series Hsu K C, Ting I, 1943, Geology and Tungsten deposits of southern Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (17) Fenkeng Chang, 40 km northeast of Yudu County, Jiangxi Province Predevonian. Fenshui Formation (* ) Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Fenshui in Shandong Province Holocene. Fen-shui Formation (+ ) Fen-shui Clayslate Series Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1): 6; 1915, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.22, 159-162 Fenshui County, Zhejiang Province For clayslate Ordovician-Silurian. Fenshuiao Formation (+ ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 247. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Hunan Petroleum Geology Team Fenshuiao in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province For huge thickness conglomerate, lateritic red quartzose sandstone, siltstone, and sandy mudstone Late Cretaceous. Fenshuiling Formation (1) (+  1) Wang Chanyi, Liu Xuegui, Hu Furen, 1966, Acta Geologica Sinica, 46(2): 163172 Fenshuiling in Nanling County, Anhui Province A unit within the upper part of the original Nanlinghu Formation Mid Triassic Homonym: Fenshuiling Formation (2), (3). Fenshuiling Formation (2) (+  2) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 1974, Hand-

book of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1972 manuseript by Sha Qingan Fenshuiling, west of Daliantang, Guangnan County, Yunnan Province Devonian Homonymous with Fenshuiling Formation (1).

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Fenshuiling Formation (3) (+  3) Pei Fang, Cai Shuhua, 1987, Ordovician Conodont of Henan Province, Wuhan: Wuhan College of Geology Press Fenshuiling in Henan Province Mid Ordovician Fenshuiling Formation is the form of lithostraigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning; Homonymous with Fenshuiling Formation (1). Fentou Formation (,) Pan Jiang, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(1): 1-24 Fentou village in Tangshan, Jiangning County, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For gray, green and yellow quartzose sandstone, muddy siltstone, and sandy mudstone, with interbeds of yellowish green shale Early Silurian. Fentsushan Group ($) Fentsushan Series Yang Boquan et al., 1950, Recent Notes of Mineral Resources Survey, (113) Fenzishan (Fentsushan), 5 km west of Laizhou City (Yexian County), Shandong Province For phyllite, schist and marble Palaeoproterozoic. Fenzhuang Formation (, ) Yue Guangyu, 1958, Geological Review, 18(6): 428-432 Fenzhuang, 15 km northeast of Yixian County, Hebei Province For coal-bearing strata Permian. Fisankou Limestone (#) Loczy L von, 1893, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse Reise des Grafen Bela Szechenyi in Ostasien, 1877–1880, vol.I Feixiankou (Fisankou), north of Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For limestone Early Triassic Synonym: Chialing Limestone or Kialing Limestone; Homonym: Feihsienkuan Formation. Foluo Formation ( ) Li Yuntong, 1984, The Tertiary of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by No.765 Guangdong Geology Team Foluo in Jiusuo, Ledong County, Hainan Province For sandy mudstone, sandstone, and conglomerate Miocene.

Fotan Group ( ) Fotan Formation Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Sanming Sheet. First appeared in a 1946 manuscript by Yin Weihan Fotan in Zhangpu County, Fujian Province Composed of three parts: lower rudite and sandy shale; middle basalts with interbeds of rudite; upper rudite and sandy shales with interbeds of basalt Neogene Synonymous with Liuhuisheh Basalt (Hou T F, 1935). Fotangcun Formation ( ) Wu Tieshan, 1997, Explanatory Text of 1:500 000 Scale Digital Geological Map of Shanxi Province Fotangcun in Daxiwai, Yuxian County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the Qidongshan Group, for dolomitic marble with interbeds of gneiss Palaeoproterozoic.

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Foyeshan Sandstone (  ) Liao Shifan, 1958, Acta Geologica Sinica, 38(4): 462-472 Foyeshan in Duyun County, Guizhou Province For purple sandstone, quartzose sandstone and inferior coal Early Carboniferous.

Foziling Group ( ) Foziling Series Zhang Zuhuan, 1957, Proceedings of the First National Conference of Regional Geological Survey, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Foziling in Huoshan County, Anhui Province For quartz schist, quartzite Precambrian.

Fucheng Limestone () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157 Fucheng County, southeastern Shanxi Province For a layer of limestone within the Shansi Formation Early Permian. Fuchi Sandstone (1) (

 1) Fichi White Sandstone, also known as the White Sandstone Formation Omura I, 1928, Lectures on Oil Geology, Chikyu, 9(6) Fuchi village in Chuhuangkeng Oilfield, Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Composed mainly of coarse-grained,

loosely-cohered, massive white sandstone with gray shale interbeds or thin alternating beds of shale and sandstone. One to three thin coal seams are usually found in the upper part of the sandstone. It is overlain by the Fuchi Sandstone (2) Miocene Homonym: Fuchi Sandstone (2). Fuchi Sandstone (2) (

 2)

Ando S, 1930, On the Geology of the Byoritsu Oilfield of Taiwan, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, vol.37, supplement to no.447 Fuchi village in Chuhuangkeng Oilfield, Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Fuchi Sandstone (2) is underlain by the Fuchi Sandstone (1) Miocene Homonymous with Fuchi Sandstone (1).

Fuchihkou Formation (#) Fuchihkou Shale and Sandstone, Fuchi Series Hsieh C Y, 1924, Stratigraphy of Southeastern Hupei, China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(2): 91-98 Fuchikou (Fuchihkou) in Yangxin County, Hubei Province For grayish yellow, grayish green

shale and sandstone, with interbeds of quartzite in the top part of the formation Early Silurian. Fuchou Formation () Fuchou Series Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis and Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.1, pt.1 Fuzhou (Fuchou) County, Liaoning Province For green calcareous and muddy rocks Proterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Fudashan Conglomerate () Su Yumin, 1960, Geological Review, 20(6): 258-261 Fudashan, 1.5 km northwest of Erdaohe, Gushi County, Henan Province For conglomerate Permian. Fudian Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 24. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Henan Bureau of Geology Fudian in Henan Province For purplish brown, dark grayish green basic volcanic rock with interbeds of tuffite and rhyolite Proterozoic Synonymous with Xionger Group. Fuding Formation () Zhang Zhiming, 1987, Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 4(1): 55-72 Fuding in Fujian Province Early Cretaceous.

Fudong Formation () Yunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 238 Fudong in Lanping-Simao District, Yunan Province Pliocene. Fuerhyen Formation ( ) Li Chengsan, Yuan Jianqi, Guo Lingzhi, 1940, Geological Review, 5(1/2): 72 Foeryan (Fuerhyen) between Longbapu and Lengqi’east of Daduhe River, Luding County, Sichuan Province For black shale Silurian. Fufengshan Formation () Fufengshan Basalt Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Changchun Sheet Fufengshan in Datun, Changchun City, Jilin Province For purple, grayish green basalt Late

Cretaceous-Paleocene.

Fuhe Formation () Weng Jinyao, Gong Xingbao, 1986, 5(3): 165-174 Fuhe in Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Mid-Late Devonian Synonymous with Baqi Formation. Fuhsin Formation () Fuhsin Series, Fusin Series, Fuhsin Coal-bearing Series, geographic name Fuhsin was Romanized as Fousin by the Japanese (LSI) Wang C C, Huang T K, 1929, Geology of the Coal Field of Fi-Hsin Hsien, Jehol Province, Bull. Geo. Surv. China, (13) Fuxin (Fuhsin) County, Liaoning Province Fuhsin Formation begins with a striking volcanic series as the forerunner of sediments, with yellow, brown, green, gray and black sandstone, shale and conglomerate. It consists of volcanic strata in

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the lower part, and the Fuhsin coal-bearing strata with interbeds of bentonites and oil shale. It contains important coal seams Late Jurassic Fuhyungshan Gneiss (! ) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 482 Furongshan (Fuhyungshan) in central Nanling Mountain, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For granite gneiss Precambrian.

Fujiawazi Formation () Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by Jilin Coalfield Geology Team Fujiawazi in Wanbao Town, Taonan County, Jilin Province For a series of volcanic rocks with interbeds of sedimentary clastic rocks Late Jurassic. Fujin Formation () Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Fujin County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish green, grayish yellow, gray fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, conglomerate and lignite Neogene.

Fujin Limestone () Fujinling Limestone Morishima M, 1940, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 47(561): 241-249 Fujin range between Bexi and Qiaotou, Liaoning Province For limestone Proterozoic.

Fujinshan Formation () Fujunshan Formation No.3 Hebei Geology Team, 1965, in North China Insti-

tute of Geology, Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, 105-108 Fujinshan in Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For limestone Early Cambrian Synonym: Fujunshan Formation. Fujunshan Formation ()

i.e. Fujinshan Formation. Fulaishan Formation ( ) You Wendeng, 1988, Geology of Shandong, 4(1) Fulaishan in Juxian County, Shandong Province For siltstone with interbeds of shale and sandy marls Sinian.

Fuliangpeng Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text of 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuxi Sheet Fuliangpeng in Eshan County, Yunnan Province For sericite slate, quartzose siltstone, marl and tuffite Mesoprote-

rozoic.

300

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Fulin Formation ( ) Xie Guisheng et al., 1983, Explanatory Text of 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet, Huma Sheet Fulin in Heilongjiang Province Late Cretaceous Homonymous with Fulin Igneous Complex. Fulin Igneous Complex ( ) Peng C J, Chu H, 1944, On the occurrence of rock in the vicinity of Fulin, Sikang, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 21(1/2): 67 Fulin (today Hanyuan) County, Sichuan Province For igneous complex Presinian Homonym: Fulin Formation. Fuling Formation (-) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by the Beijing College of Geology Fuling in Suixian County, Hubei Province For a component formation within the top of Yingshan Group Proterozoic. Fulong Formation (.) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Chongzuo Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Liu Zhengkun Fulongao in Fangcheng City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Fulong Formation is subdivided into Pinglongshan Member and Fulongao Member Late Triassic.

Fulongao Member (.) Fulongao Formation Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 313 Fulongao in Fangcheng City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dealing with a component member within the Fulong Formation, for dark purplish red conglomerate, sandstone with interbeds of grayish white sandstone, shale, carbonaceous mudstone Late Triassic. Fulongquan Formation (- ) Kobayashi T, 1942, On the Manmo Group, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 54(643) Fulongquan in Changchun City, Jilin Province Late Cretaceous.

Fulu Formation (") Fulu Sandstone Lee J S, Chao K K, Chang W Y, 1941, Stratigraphical Scale of Kwangsi, Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica. First appeared in a 1933 manuscript by Li C Fulu village in Rongshui County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For iron-bearing sandstone and shale with interbeds of banded hematite, quartzose sandstone, shale and conglomerate Sinian. Fulungshan Formation () Fulungshan Series, geographic name Fulungshan was Romanized as Huryzan by the Japanese (LSI) Chang L H, 1944, Mem. Mining Geol. Soc., Bureau of Econ.

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Res. South Manchuria Railway Co. Fulongshan (Fulungshan) in Nanpiao Coalfield, Jinxi County, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province For sandstone and conglomerate Permian-Triassic. Fulushan Formation (") Fulushan Metamorphic Conglomerate Deng Youhua, Hu Qiuhua, Xu Hongchang, 1984, Research on Penglai Group and Fenzishan Group in Eastern Shandong, Bull. Nanjing Inst. Geol. Min. Resources, 5(2) Fulushan in Shandong Province Dealing with a formation within the base of the Fentsushan Group, for metamorphic conglomerate Palaeoproterozoic. Fumin Formation () Fumin Series Ting V K, 1947, Reports of Geological Survey, National Institute of Geological Survey Fumin County, Yunnan Province Carboniferous. Fuminhe Formation () No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xunkexian Sheet, Changjiatun Sheet, Xinxing Sheet, Furao Sheet, Baihua Foresty Farm Sheet Fuminhe in Jiayin County, Heilongjiang Province For rhyolite with interbeds of volcanic clastic rock, acid lava and perlite. Funan Sandstone ( ) Ho C S et al., 1954, Geology of the Nanchuang Coalfield, Miaoli, Taiwan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (6) Funan in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For sandstone Miocene.

Fung Wong Wat Formation ( ) Li Zuoming, 1984 (?) Fung Wong Wat in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Early Jurassic.

Funing Formation () Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xu Xuesi, ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (32), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangsu Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 246. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Jiangsu Petroleum Geological Survey Team Funing County, Jiangsu Province Dealing with a series of underground strata, for alternating beds of grayish black shale, brown mudstone and grayish green sandstone Palaeogene. Fuping Formation (- ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yin Baoan ed.) 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (45), Stratigraphy (Lithostraic) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 222. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Guangxi Petroleum Geology Team Fuping village in Tiandong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous

302

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Region For grayish green, yellowish green, blue mudstone, siltstone with interbeds of sandstone Oligocene. Fuping Group ( ) Serie de Fupinghsien, Fupinghsien Series, Fuping Gneiss Yang Kieh, 1936, Note preliminaries sur la gelogie du Woutaischan, Shanhsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(2): 261-268 Fuping County, Hebei Province For gneiss Archean. Fuhpo Formation () Fuhpo Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 498 Fuhpo in southwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For sandstone and conglomerate Cretaceous.

Furao Formation (") No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Furao Sheet Furao County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish brown carbonaceous mudstone, silty mudstone and siltstone, with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone, tuffite and thin-bedded coal seams Late Cretaceous. Furongba Formation (!) Qin Shourong, Zhu Shuncai, et al., 1984, Guizhou Geology, 1(2) Furongba in Yinjiang County, Guizhou Province For purplish gray, grayish green phyllite, slate and marble Neoproterozoic. Fushan Formation () No.317 Anhui Geology Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongling Sheet Fushan in Zongyang County, Anhui Province For purplish red, purplish gray, gray, pink trachyte, trachytic tuffite, andesite with interbeds of tuffaceous siltstone Early Cretaceous. Fushan Sandstone ( ) Noda M, 1952, Geology and Mineral Resources of Eastern Asia, vol.II, 1-49 Fushan in Xinglong County, Hebei Province For sandstone Permian. Fushun Formation () Fushun Series, geographic name Fushun was Romanized as Fouchoun by the Japanese (LSI) Andersson J G, 1923, Essays on the Cenozoic of North China, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (3) Fushun City, Liaoning Province Original Fushun Series can be divided into two parts, the lower consists of tuffaceous sandstone, conglomerate and shale, two coal seams are interbedded; the main part consists of shale with a thick coal seam but not sandstone Eocene-Oligocene. Futzeya Limestone ( ) Yu C C, Shu W P, 1929, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, vol.8, 41 Fuziya (Futzeya) in Nanzhang County, Hubei Province It is subdivided into two parts,

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the lower and middle part with alternating beds of siltstone and limestone, the upper part with flint-bearing thin-bedded limestone Sinian. Fuxian Formation () Fuxian Formation, geographic name Fuxian was Romanized as Fousian by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology,

Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1951 manuscript by Li Gesheng Fuxian County in Shaanxi Province For purplish red siltstone and mudstone with interbeds of sandstone Early Jurassic Abandoned synonym: Fuxian Formation (). Fuxian Formation () i. e. Fuxian Formation (). Fuxianling Formation (/) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 45 Fuxianling in Qimen County, Anhui Province For alternating beds of phyllite and schist Presinian. Fuxikou Formation () Ma Changxin, Liu Guirong, Lu Degui, et al., 1992, Presinian Geology of Northeastern Jiangxi, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Fuxikou in Jiangxi Province Mesoproterozoic. Fuxingtun Formation ( ) Ma’anshan Formation Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic

Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Zhang Shengyuan who changed Ma’anshan Formation to Fuxingtun Formation Fuxingtun in Yanshou County, Heilongjiang Province For slate with interbeds of felsites Mid Devonian. Fuyang Formation ( ) Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Song Yongqiang, Zhang Zhongyin, 1987, Delta of Hanjiang River, Beijing: China Ocean Press Fuyang in Chaozhou County, Guangdong Province Pleistocene. Fuyang Formation () Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 29, vii+856. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by No.805 Shandong Geology Team Fuyang, southeast of Penglai County Dealing with a component formation within the Jiaodong Complex, for diorite (intrusive body) Archean.

304

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Fuyang Group () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hefei Sheet, Dingyuan Sheet Fuyang County, Anhui Province Paleocene. Fuyuan Formation () Yuan P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, pl.1 Fuyuan, west of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Pliocene. Fuyuan Formation () Geographic name Fuyuan was Romanized as Tomihara by the Japanese (LSI) Ooe Z, 1939, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Taitung Sheet Fuyuan in Shishan, Taitung County, Taiwan Province For clayly shale Miocene. Fuyungshan Formation (!) Fuyungshan Series Xu Ruilin, Geological Review, 2(4): 370 Furongshan (Fuyungshan) west of Qujiang County, Guangdong Province Early Carboniferous. Fuzhou Formation () Wang Yushuo, 1990, Geology of Fujian, 9(4) Fuzhou City, Fujian Province For grayish green silty sands, gravel, pebble with interbeds of clay Pleistocene. Fuzhoucheng Group () Cui Shengqin, Qiu Ganlin, Chen Zhaohu, Ma Xilan, 1965, in North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, 169-174 Fuzhou Town in Liaoning Province Sinian. Fuzikuang Formation (

)

Fuzikuang Quartzite Formation Division of Precambrian Geology and Meta-

morphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 13. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Jiaodong Regional Geological Survey Team, Changchun College of Geology Fuzikuang in Qixia County, Shandong Province For white thick-bedded quartzite with interbeds of greenish gray, brownish yellow and brownish red slate and thin-bedded quartzite Proterozoic.

G Gabo Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Wang Naiwen et al. Gabo (today Luozha) County, Tibet Autonomous Region Composed of black slate, phyllite, schist with interbeds of silty shale and dark gray silty marble Late Triassic Gabo Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Gacha’e’ri Formation ( ) Li Yong, Wu Ruizhong, Shi He, Zhu Lidong, Yi Haisheng, Wang Chengshan,

2000, New Development of Stratigraphy in Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in Editorial Committee of the Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China ed., 2000, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 397-400. First appeared in a 1996 manuscript by Wang Xiaobo Gacha’e’ri close to Ga’erqu in southern part of Qiangtang Basin, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish white siliceous or dolomitic limestone Late Cretaceous. Gacun Formation () Hou Liwei, Fu Deming, Luo Daixi, et al., 1991, Evolution of Triassic SedimentsTectonics of Western Sichuan and Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Gacun village in western Sichuan Province Late Triassic. Gadenglongba Formation () Gadenglongba Volcanics Geological Group of Working Team of Tibet, Academia Sinica, 1959, Materials of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey in Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 72 Gadenglongba of Zangzong, north of Lhasa District, Tibet Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks with interbeds of red sandstone Late Cretaceous. Gadikao Formation (A) No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zaduo Sheet, Shanglaxiu Sheet Gadikao close to Gamaodengzou, Zadoi County, Qinghai Province For parti-coloured volcanic clastic rocks with interbeds of limestone and clastic rocks Early Permian. Gagala Formation () Xie Guisheng, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huma Sheet Gagala in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish black, dark black slate, quartzose sandstone, marble and limestone Devonian.

Gahai Group ( ) No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luqu Sheet Gahai in Luqu County, Gansu

306

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Province For a series of carbonate rocks Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Gaicha Formation ( ) Gaicha Member Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guiyang Sheet Gaicha close to Erqiao, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Dealing with a member within the upper part of the Guiyang Formation, for yellowish green, purplish red shale, gray, pink limestone with interbeds of dolomite and limestone Mid Triassic. Gaidongshan Formation () Du Qiliang, 1986, Bulletin of Chengdu College of Geology, 13(1) Gaidongshan in Sichuan Province Sinian-Devonian. Gaijiao Member () Xiao Weimin, Wang Hongdi, Zhang Linxin, Dong Wenlan, 1986, Early Permian Stratigraphy and Faunas in Southern Guizhou, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House, 28-29 Gaijiao close to Saiwa village, Sidazhai Township, 10 km northwest of Houchang, Ziyun County, Guizhou Province Dealing with a member within the lower part of Sidazhai Formation, for grayish green clay, stone with interbeds of marl lenticles and limestone Early Permian. Gaijitage Formation () Hao Yichun, Zeng Xuelu, Li Hanmin, 1982, Earth Science, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, 1(2): 4-42 Gaijitage Mountain located at eastern side of Kuzigongsu

River, 10 km northeast of Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Dealing with the upper member of original Qimugen Formation, for brownish

red gypsum mudstone and muddy gypsum rocks with interbeds of yellowish green mudstone Eocene.

Gaiyao Formation () No.8 Guizhou Petroleum Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:350 000 Scale Geological Map of Guizhou Province Gaiyao in Guizhou Province Late Devonian. Gaizi Group () No.2 Xinjiang Rigional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text of Geological Map and Mineral Resources Map of Southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Gaizi in Southwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green clastic rocks, carbonate rocks with interbeds of volcanic rocks Late Carboniferous. Gajie Formation (') Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by Liang Dingyi Gajie close to Bolinxiala-Cahga Valley, Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For black muddy siltstone with interbeds of brown fine-grained

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307

quartzose sandstone and yellow marl lenticles, occasionally with interbeds of purple graywacke Cretaceous. Gajinxueshan Group () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Derong Sheet Gajinxueshan in Sichuan Province Permian.

Gala Formation () Qin Feng, Gan Yiyan, 1976, Acta Geologica Sinica, 50(1): 74-79. First ap-

peared in a 1973 manuscript by Northwest Institute of Geological Science and No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Gala located in Dangduo Valley, 24 km northwest of Diebu County, Gansu Province For dolomite with interbeds of sandy shale, slate and marls Early Devonian. Galashan Formation () Sui Liancheng, Wang Xingyun, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Sandaoka Sheet, Baishilazi Sheet Galashan in Damushan, west of Xinlitun, Sanka Township, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For gray schist and leptynite Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous.

Galedesi Formation () Yang Zunyi, Yin Hongfu, Xu Guirong, Wu Shunbao, He Yuanliang, Liu Guang-

cai, Zu Jiarun, 1983, Triassic System in Southern Qilian Mountain, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Galedesi in Mole Township, Qilian County, Qinghai Province Dealing with a component formation within Mole Group, for rhythmic beds composed of alternating beds of gray, dark gray siltstone, silty shale and sandstone Late Triassic. Gamolong Formation () Yao Huazhou, 1994, Integrative Stratigraphic Research of Regional Geological

Survey of Organic Belt: An Example from Triassic Study of Denglong-Rejia Area, West Sichuan, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 10-11 Gamolong in Denglong Township, Baiyu County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component formation within the upper part of the Rejia Group, for metamorphic basalt, phyllite, phyllitic slate with interbeds of tuffite and limestone Late Triassic. Ganchaigou Formation (1) (  1) Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China,

Beijing: Science Press, 26-27. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by No.802 Qinghai Petroleum Geology Team Ganchaigou in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For oil-bearing sandstone, calcareous siltstone and mudstone Tertiary Homo nym: Ganchaigou Formation (2).

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Ganchaigou Formation (2) (  2) Xu Fuxiang, 1975, Geological Science and Technology, (5) Ganchaigou close to Hou Laojunmiao, Tianshui County, Gansu Province Late Triassic Homonymous with Ganchaigou Formation (1). Ganchaozhai Gravel (!) The Working Team of Guizhou Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 303 Ganchaozhai between Zhouxi and Dazhong basins, Guizhou Province For scattered gravels Pleistocene. Gandaozi Limestone Member () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Dexin, Li Xingyun ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (21), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Liaoning Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 32. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team Gandaozi in Luhai village, Jinzhou district, Dalian City, Liaoning Province For the limestone within the upper part of the original Xingmincun Formation Sinian. Gandun Formation () No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, The Palaeozoic of Xinjiang, II-1, Urumuq: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Wu Wenkui Gandun valley in Yandun, Hami County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For black siliceous mudstone, siliceous siltstone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Early Carboniferous. Gan’erbao Formation (!) Wen Shixuan et al., 1981, in Liu Dongsheng ed., 1981, Proceedings of Sympo-

sium on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Beijing, China), Geological and Ecological Studies of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, vol. 1, Geology, Geological History and Origin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Sciences Press Gan’erbao in Tanggula Mountain, Tibet Autonomous Region Early Permian.

Gangao Formation (") Zhou Xiyun, Zhai Zhiqiang, Xian Siyuan, 1981, Oil & Gas Geology, 2(2): 123140 Gangao close to Wengxiang, 15 km northeast of Kaili County, Guizhou Province Dealing with the lowest member within the Wengxiang Formation, for mudstone, silty mudstone with interbeds of limestone Early Silurian. Gangbacunkou Formation () Wang Yigang, Sun Dongli, He Guoxiong, 1980, New Advances in the Stratigraphy of the Himalayas (China’s side), Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1): 55-59 The exits and entrances of Gangba village, Gangba County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the 5-9 beds within Zongshan Section or 7-15 beds within Dongshan Section, for gray shale, calcareous shale with interbeds of marls Cretaceous

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The geographic name “Gangbacunkou” of this stratigraphic unit does not con-

form to the rules of stratigraphical nomenclature; It is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Gangbadongshan Formation ()

Wang Yigang, Sun Dongli, He Guoxiong, 1980, New Advances in the Stratigraphy of the Himalayas (China’s side), Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1): 55-59 Dongshan located within Gangba County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the

2-5 beds within Dongshan Section, for grayish black, dark gray shale with interbeds of mudstone Cretaceous The geographic name “Ganbadongshan” of this stratigraphic unit does not conform to the rules of stratigraphical nomenclature; It is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Gangdagai Formation i.e. Gandakai Formation. Gangdakai Formation ()

Gandag Formation No. 3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Derong Sheet Gangdakai in Ciwu Township, Batang County, Sichuan Province For light metamorphic basic volcanic rock, carbonate rock, mudstone and sandstone Permian.

Gangjing Formation ( ) Scientific Expedition Team of Mt. Xixiabangma, Academia Sinica, 1982, Expedition Report of Mt. Xixiabangma, Beijing: Science Press Gangjing in Tibet Autonomous Region Carboniferous.

Gangjiu Limestone (

)

Wu Haoruo, 1984, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Gangjiu in Zhongba County, Tibet Autonomous Region For light gray and pink limestone Late Permian.

Gangmacuo Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaize Sheet Gangmacuo north of Lugu, Chabu district, Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For yellow quartzose sandstone, grayish green siltstone and limestone lenticle Late Carboniferous Synonym: Talilai Formation.

Gangmei Formation () Chen Peihong et al., 1987, Pearl River, (6) Gangmei in Guangdong Province Pleistocene.

310

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Gangmenqiong Group () Shi Yafeng, Liu Dongsheng, 1964, Chinese Science Bulletion, (10) The Gang-

menqiong hill close to Selong village, 31 km north of Mt. Xixiabangma, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of slate, quartzose sandstone Early Carboniferous-Early Permian. Gangmusang Formation ()

Tibet Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1980, Geological Review, 26(2). First appeared in a manuscript by Xia Daixiang Gangmusang in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For nodule-bearing limestone and shale Mid-Late Ordovi-

cian.

Gangnan Formation () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 106, chart 115 Gangnan in Guangdong Province For rhyolite, obsidian, volcanic agglomerate, volcanic bomb, with conglomerate in the base Mid-Late Jurassic. Gangou Formation (1) ( 1) Dai Yongding, 1963, in Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition

of Heilongjiang River Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol.1, Beijing: Science Press, 142155 Gangou close to Erdaohe, 60 km north of Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province For metamorphic andesite and tuffite Late Carboniferous (?) Homonym: Gangou Formation (2), (3), Gangou Member. Gangou Formation (2) ( 2) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lijiang Sheet Gangou close to Dacaozi, Ninglang County, Yunnan Province For limestone and dolomite Mid-Late Devonian Homonymous with Gangou Formation (1).

Gangou Formation (3) ( 3) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Gangou in Shaanxi Province Late Devonian Homonymous with Gangou Formation (1).

Gangou Member () Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 109 Gangou close to Muerchang of Guixi, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province The middle member of the Mu’erchang Formation, for black muddy siltstone with interbeds of sandstone Early Devonian.

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Gangoucun Formation () Ge Meiyu, Chen Xu, Han Zheyuan, Yang Zhiquan, 1983, Cambro-Ordovician Strata in Yaxian, Hainan Island, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(1): 41-49 Gangoucun in Honghua Township, Sanya City, Hainan Province A formation in the upper part

of the Shanpo Group, for gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone, grayish white silty shale Mid Ordovician Gangoucun Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Gangouzi Diamictite ()

Gangouzi Till Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological publishing House Gangouzi in Jilin Province For brownish red mud-pebble Pleistocene. Gangrinboqi Formation i.e. Kailas Formation. Gangshiga Diamictite () Ganshiga Till Wu Xiangnong, 1994, in Cheng Yuqi ed., 1994, Concise Regional Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 191 Gangshiga in Mt. Qilianshan, Gansu Province For diamictite Holocene.

Gangtou Formation () Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yushuo, 1984, Chronological study of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 30-37 Gangtou village in Sidaogou, Hunjiang County, Jilin Province For diatomitic clay and diatomite Holocene.

Gangwei Formation ( ) Yao Qingyuan, He Zhaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary Study on the Quaternary Strati-

graphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology in Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 77-83 Gangwei in Longhai County, Fujian Province Composed of yellow sandy clay, sands and gravel Pleistocene. Gangyao Formation (1) ( 1) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shulan Sheet Ganyao Town in Shulan County, Jilin Province For conglomerate, graywacke with interbeds of mudstone Neogene Homonym: Gangyao Formation (2).

Gangyao Formation (2) ( 2) Yan Guoshun, Wang Deyou, Jiang Yuan, Xi Yunhong, 1987, The Classification

and Correlation of North China Type Carboniferous and Early Permian Stratigraphy

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

in Henan, Proceedings of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.17, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 72-79 Gangyao in Henan Province For moderately thickbedded grayish black limestone cut by many calcite veins; contains intraformational conglomerate in places Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Gangyao Formation (1). Gangyu Formation ( ) Changchun College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yantai, Penglai Sheet Gangyu located 7 km west of Fushan District, Yantai City, Shandong Province For biotite-schist with interbeds of marble; schist with interbeds of leptynite Palaeoproterozoic.

Gangzhai Formation (#) Zhou Tianrong et al., 1986, Guizhou Geology, 3(4) Gangzhai close to Lilve, Sandu County, Guizhou Province For yellowish green, grayish green shale and silty shale Mid Cambrian.

Ganhaizi Formation ( ) Sheng Xinfu, Chang Longqing, Cai Shaoying, Xiao Rongwu, 1962, Acta Geolog-

ica Sinica, 42(1): 31-56. First appeared in a 1943 manuscript by Chen Guangyuan, Zhang Kai & Xu Hongyou et al. Ganhaizi village, 8 km south of Yipinglang, Lufeng County, Yunnan Province For a series of sandstone, mudstone, hales and coal seams Late Triassic. Ganhe Formation () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.3 Shaanxi Petroleum Geological Survey Team Ganhe in Huxian County, Shaanxi Province For strata in underground hole, composed of alternating beds of grayish white gravel-bearing sandstone, and mudstone Palaeogene Homonym: Ganhe Sandstone. Ganhe Sandstone ( )

Fang Runsen, 1976, The Devonian of Yunnan, Yunnan Institute of Geology and

Mineral Resources. First appeared in a manuscript by No.15 Yunnan Geology Team

Ganhe in Yunnan Province For sandstone Mid Devonian Homonymous

with Ganhe Formation.

Ganheba Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.)

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 40. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Zhang Honggang & Li Chengyan

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Ganheba in Dayi County, Sichuan Province For grayish green, grayish purple metamorphic basalt, andesite Mesoproterozoic.

Ganhegou Formation () Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhongwei Sheet Ganhegou, east of Zhangenpu in Baima

Township, west foot of Niushou Mountain, Zhongning County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For gray sandstone, grayish white quartzose sandstone, yellowish brown, reddish brown siltstone and sandy mudstone Miocene. Ganhezi Diamictite (!) Ganhezi Till Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanation of 1:1 500 000 Scale of Qua-

ternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China: Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 21 Ganhezi in Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray gravel beds Pleistocene. Ganhutang Member (! )

Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guiyang Sheet Ganhutang in Guizhou Province For a member within the Kuanling Formation Mid Triassic.

Ganjia Group (!) Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 124. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team Ganjia in Qinghai Province Late Permian Ganjia Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Ganjian Conglomerate () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 218, chart 47. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by Cao Guoquan & Wang Shui Ganjian in Hebei Province For conglomerate Cretaceous. Ganjianghe Formation () Song Ziji, Zhang Weiji, 1987, Geology of Shaanxi, 5(1): 12-24. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Ganjianhe in Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province For marble with interbeds of phyllite and schist Ordovician.

Ganlanba Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jinghong Sheet Ganlanba in Jinghong County, Yunnan Province Mid-Late Triassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Ganong Formation ( ) Rao Jingguo, Zhang Zhenggui, 1985, Tibet Geology, (1) Ganong in Tibet Autonomous Region Early-Mid Devonian Ganong Formation is the form of lithstratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning.

Ganqiao Member (!) Ganqiao Shale Sheng Jinzhang, 1962, The Permian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 41. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Wang Yu Ganqiao in Zisong Town, Wangmo County, Guizhou Province For grayish green sandstone, calcareous mudstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle Late Permian.

Ganquan Formation ( ) No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fangshankou Sheet Ganquan located 73 km northwest of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province For volcanic continental clastic rocks and carbonate rocks Late Carboniferous.

Ganshuijing Slate ( ) Sha Shaoli, 1988, Yunnan Geology, 17(4): 1-16 Ganshuijing in Mt. Diancang, Dali City, Yunnan Province For slate.

Gantang Formation (!%) Jiang Nengren, 1989, Yunnan Geology, Supplement Gantang in Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan Province A new formation subdivided out from the Yuanmo Formation Pliocene.

Gantaohe Group (!) Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologicla Map: Gaoyi Sheet, Xingtai Sheet Gantaohe in Jingxing County, Hebei Province For a series of calcareous conglomerate, sandstone, sandy mud-

stone, carbonate rocks and basalt, included Niushan Formation, Haotingzi Formation, Nansi Formation and Nansizhang Formation Palaeoproterozoic. Ganyintang Member (! ) No.108 Guizhou Geology Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologicla Map: Guiyang Sheet Ganyintang close to Erqiao, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Dealing with a component member within the lower part of the Guiyang Formation, for muddy dolomite, yellowish green, purplish red muddy shale Mid

Triassic.

Ganyouquan Beds ( ) Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Gansu Geology, (2): 6-7 Ganyouquan in Gansu Province Oligocene.

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Ganzhou Gravel Beds ($) Yao Qingyuan, He Zhaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary Notes on the Quaternary Stratigraphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 77-83. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Yao Qingyuan Ganzhou County, Jiangxi Province For gravel beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Ganzhou Group. Ganzhou Group ($) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologicla Map: Ganzhou Sheet Ganzhou County, Jiangxi Province For the sum of Maodian Formation and Zhoutian Formation Cretaceous Homonym: Ganzhou Gravel Beds. Ganziwan Shale (%) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 80, chart 96 Ganziwan in Guizhou Province For dark gray calcareous shale Cambrian.

Gao’an Limestone Member ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36),Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 217 Gao’an County, Jiangxi Province For dolomite limestone, with interbeds of sandstone and silty mudstone Triassic. Gaobiantou Formation ( ) Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of

Fujian Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 172. First appeared in a manuscript by Huang Baolin et al. Gaobiantou in Hekou Plain of Jiulong River, Fujian Province For marine deposits beds Holocene.

Gaocheng Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Gaocheng in Dahongshan District, Suixian County, Hubei Province For a component formation within the Yingshan Group Proterozoic. Gaocun Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8],

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 251. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Huang Baolin et al. Gaocun close to Datang, Majiang County, Hunan Province Paleocene. Gaofan Group ( !) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 24. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript of shale Conference Gaofan village in Daixian County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component subgroup within the Wutai Group, included Hongsi Formation, Yangtigou Formation, for a series of green schist facies phyllite, schist, metamorphic sandstone with interbeds of quartzite and tuffite Archean.

Gaofeng Member ( ) Cai Peirong, Zheng Xuejie, Chen Lie, 1979, On the age of the Menkoushan Formation from Xinyu, Jiangxi, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(4): 312-316 Gaofeng village in Huagushan, Xinyu County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with a component member within the Menkoushan Formation, for white quartzite Early Jurassic.

Gaofengsi Formation ( ) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology et al., 1975, Mesozoic Red Beds of Yunnan, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Gaofengsi in Mouding County, Yunnan Province For grayish yellow, grayish green quartzose sandstone with interbeds of purplish red mudstone, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone and conglomerate Early Cretaceous.

Gaogan Formation ( ) Gaogan Group Ooe Z, 1931, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Ritozan Sheet Gaogan in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province EoceneOligocene There is a tendency of replacing the term Gaogan Formation with the

term Shuichangliu Formation which is almost asynonym in current usage. Gaogang Member ( )

Zhang Xianqiu, 1984, Division and biota of the Luofuzhai Group in the Pingling

section of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 239-254

Gaogang in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For a component member within the Buxin Formation Palaeogene.

Gaogezhuang Formation (  ) Cui Shengqin, Qiu ganlin, Chen Zhaohu, Ma Xilan, 1965, in North China Insti-

tute of Geology, Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, 169-174 Gaogezhuang in Shandong Province For flint-bearing bands or nodule dolomitic limestone Sinian.

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Gaogou Formation ( ) Zhou Shiquan, Han Shijing, Zhang Yongcai, 1975, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Central-South China, (3): 64-71 Gaogou close to Taohe river in Dashiqiao, Xichuan County, Henan Province For brownish gray, gray-

ish black conglomerate with interbeds of red sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Late Cretaceous.

Gaojiaba Formation ( ) Cao Xuanduo, Zhang Ruilin, Zhang Hanwen, et al., 1990, Bull. Xi’an Inst. Geol. Miner. Resour., (27). First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Gaojiaba in Wudu County, Gansu Province Mid-Late Devonian.

Gaojian Formation ( ) Zhao Zhongxin, 1986, Guizhou Geology, (3) Gaojian in Wuluo Basin, Songtao County, Guizhou Province For brown yellow, brownish red muddy gravel beds with interbeds of stock work clay thin-beds and lenticle Pleistocene.

Gaojian Group ( ) Gaojian Formation Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 23. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Regional Geological Survey Team of Hunan Province Gaojian in Shuangfeng County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of dark gray, grayish green sandstone and slate, with interbeds of limestone and dolomite Mesoproterozoic.

Gaojiashan Formation ( ) Chen Menge, Chen Xianggao, Lao Qiuyuan, 1975, An introduction to the meta-

zoa fossil from the Upper Sinian System in southern Shensi and its stratigraphic significance, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (2): 190-193 Gaojiashan close to Yangpingguan, Shaanxi Province For dolomite Sinian. Gaojiatian Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Gaojiatian in Liling County, Hunan Province For gray, yellow quartzose sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of shale and coal seams Jurassic. Gaojiawan Formation (1) (  1)

Gaojiawan Limestone Qu Zhanru, 1962, Acta Geologica Sinica, 42(4): 388409 Gaojiawan, west of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province For limestone Proterozoic Homonym: Gaojiawan Formation (2).

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Gaojiawan Formation (2) (  2) Yang Daozheng, Di Jianbin, 1989, Hubei Geology, 3(1) Gaojiawan in Fancun of Gucheng, Suizhou City, Hubei Province For dark gray slate, phyllite and crystalline limestone with interbeds of basalt Early Ordovician Homonymous with Gaojiawan Formation (1). Gaojiayu Formation ( ) Integrative Research Group of Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Northeast China, (4): 77-78 Gaojiayu in Bali Township, Haicheng County, Liaoning Province For graphitetremolitic rock and biotite-marble Palaeoproterozoic. Gaojingchao Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Gaojingchao in Luchun County, Yunnan Province Composed of quartzose sandstone, silty shale, muddy shale with interbeds of limestone, dacite, volcanic breccia and tuffite Late Permian. Gaokanba Formation ( ) Sichuan Air Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologicla Map: Langzhong, Deyang, Santai and Jianyang Sheet Gaokanba in Sichuan Province Late Cretaceous.

Gaolacun Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 238 Gaolacun in Zhongdian County, Yunnan Province Eocene. Gaoligongshan Group ( )) i.e. Kaoliang Group. Gaoligou Formation ( ) No.2 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet Gaoligou, east of Xinglonggou, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For gray phyllite, with interbeds of sandy and muddy limestone and calcareous sandstone Early Cambrian. Gaoling Formation ( ) Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologicla Map: Xinglong Sheet Gaoling in Miyun County, Beijing Municipality For a component formation within the Miyun Group Archean.

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Gaolingzi Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Ge-

ology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 177 Gaolingzi in Shangzhi City, Heilongjiang Province For andesite with interbeds of tuffite Early Jurassic.

Gaolouping Formation ( ) Gaolouping limestone Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute

of Geology, Academia Sinica,1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 80, chart 96 Gaolouping in Guizhou Province For alternating beds of gray thin-bedded and thick-bedded limestone with interbeds of thin-bedded dark gray shale Cambrian. Gaomiao Formation ( )

Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Gaomiao close to Liulin River, Pinglu County, Shanxi Province For alternating beds of purplish red mudstone and light grayish green sandstone Eocene New name of Da’an Formation (1). Gaopengling Formation ( ) Gaopengling Beds Teaching and Researching Room of Coalfield, Wuhan Col-

lege of Geology, 1981, Geology of Coalfield, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 149. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by No.130 Team of Ministry of Coal Industry Gaopengling in Gaozhou County, Maomin Basin, Guangdong Province For grayish yellow, purplish red and parti-coloured conglomerate and grayish white medium-coarse-grained sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone Pliocene. Gaopingshan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Gaopingshan in Jilin Province Late Jurassic.

Gaopo Group ( ) Zhang Yuping, Huang Wanbo, Tang Yingjun, Ji Hongxiang, You Yuzhu, Tong

Yongsheng, Ding Suying, Huang Xuesi, Zheng Jiajian, 1978, Mem. Inst. Vert. Palaeo. Palaeoanthrop., Academia Sinica, (14): 1-46, Beijing: Science Press Gaopo in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province Miocene. Gaopochang Formation ( )

Wang Keyong, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologicla Map: Guiyang Sheet Gaopochang in Huaxi Town, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For dolomite and a few limestones Late Devonian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Gaopu Sub formation ( ) No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologicl Map: Guiyang Sheet Gaopu in Huaxi Town, Guizhou Province Early-Mid Triassic. Gaoqiao Formation (1) (  1) Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologicla Map: Yangzhou Sheet Gaoqiao close to Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province For phyllite with interbeds of quartz schist Sinian Homonym: Gaoqiao Formation (2). Gaoqiao Formation (2) (  2) Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Gaoqiao in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For gray silty slate, muddy limestone with interbeds of carbonaceous slate Early Ordovician Homonymous with Gaoqiao Formation (1); New name: Gaoqiaozhen Formation. Gaoqiaohe Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Gaoqiaohe in Shennongjia Forestry Area, Hubei Province For a component formation within the Wuziping Group Proterozoic. Gaoqiaozhen Formation ( ) Gaoqiao Formation An Taixiang, 1987, The Lower Paleozoic Conodonts of South China, Beijing: Peking University Press, 26 Gaoqiao Town close to the estuary of Quanhe River, Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For gray silty slate, argillaceous limestone with carbonaceous slate Early Ordovician New name of Gaoqiao Formation (2); Synonym: Qiaozhen Formation, Renhe Formation. Gaoshanhe Formation ( ) Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luonan Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript “Stratigraphy of Henan” by Henan Institute of Geology Gaoshanhe village in Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For conglomerate, parti-coloured quartzite with interbeds of grayish green, grayish purple shale and calcareous quartzite Neoproterozoic. Gaoshantai Formation ( ) Gaoshantai Fossil-bearing Beds Morita G, 1939, Jubilee Publication in Commemoration of Professor Yabe H’s Sixtieth Birthday, vol.1, 19-38 Gaoshantai in Fuxin County, Liaoning Province Early Cretaceous.

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Gaoshanzhai Formation ( ) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuanyang Sheet, Daluma Sheet Gaoshanzhai, north of Lvchun County, Yunnan Province For purple sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone, with interbeds of volcanic rock, with conglomerate in the base Late Triassic. Gaoshenggou Formation ( ) Xie Guisheng, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologicla Map: Xinglonggou Sheet, Huma Sheet Gaoshenggou in Heilongjiang Province Late Permian. Gaotaizhang Beds (  ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Scale Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 30, chart 62. First appeared in a 1948 manuscript “Coal Mine of Henan” by Henan Geological Survey Team Gaotaizhang in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province For coal beds Carboniferous-Permian. Gaotan Formation ( ) Gaotan Group Compiling Group for Jiangxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Jiangxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Gaotan, northwest of Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province For rhythmic beds composed of grayish green sandstone and slate Mid Cambrian Gaotan Formation is the form of lithostratigrphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Gaotian Formation (&) Wang Changsheng, Gong Liming, Qian Shouxia, Du Yongbi, 1988, Cambrian of Youxi and Xiushan District, Sichuan, Chongqing: Scientific and Technical Literature Press Gaotian in Youxi County, Sichuan Province Mid Cambrian. Gaowan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Hebei Province and Tianjin Municipality Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province and Tianjin Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Hebei Institute of Hydrological Geology Gaowan village in Haixing County, Hebei Province For brownish yellow, grayish yellow and grayish black clay with interbeds of coarse-grained sands, occasionally with peat beds Holocene. Gaowang Formation ( ) Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing:

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geological Publishing House, 368, 398-399. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by Lin Shuji Gaowang village, 3 km south of Huishui County, Guizhou Province Included Lannizhai Member, Dapozhai Member and Lianjiang Member, for conglomerate, sands and clay with interbeds of thin-bedded peat Holocene. Gaowu Formation ( ) Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 147 Gaowu close to Wulujian in Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with the middle formation of the Moshishan Group, for a series of huge thick-bedded massive volcanic clastic rocks Late Jurassic. Gaoxi Formation ( ) Gaoxi Mud Gravel The Working Team of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of

Guizhou, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 303 Gaoxi in Kaili County, Guizhou Province For dark brownish yellow, brownish red mud gravel Pleistocene. Gaoxiaoling Formation ( ) Jiang Chunchao, 1975, Research on Geology and Mineral Resources, (Supplement), (4) Gaoxiaoling in Liujiahe Township, Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province Dealing with a component formation within the Kuandian Group, for leptynite and leucogranulite Palaeoproterozoic.

Gaoyugou Formation ( ) Tong Yongsheng, Wang Jingwen, 1980, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 18(1): 19-32 Gaoyugou, 5 km northwest of Tantou Town, 25 km northeast of Luanchuan County, Henan Province For intercalation or alternation of purplish red mudstone and conglomerate Paleocene. Gaozhuang Formation (1) (  1) Onuki Y, 1952, Geology and Mineral Resources of East Asia, vol.3, North China New Geological History, 5b-2, 1-4 Gaozhuang close to Fengshui, northeast of Zichuan County, Shandong Province For coal series strata Late Carboniferous Homonym: Gaozhuang Formation (2); Gaozhuang Limestone. Gaozhuang Formation (2) (  2) Qiu Zhanxiang, Huang Weilong, Guo Zhihui, 1987, Palaeontologia Sinica, New series C, (25), Beijing: Science Press Gaozhuang, 10 km southwest of Yushe County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the second formation of Yushe Group in

Yunzu, for a series of alternating beds of yellow sandstone and grayish green clay

Pliocene Homonymous with Gaozhuang Formation (1).

Gaozhuang Limestone ( ) Onuki Y, 1952, Geology and Mineral Resources of East Asia, vol.3, North China New Geological History, 5b-2, 1-4 Gaozhuang close to Fengshui, northeast of

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Zichuan County, Shandong Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Gaozhuang Formation (1). Garang Group () Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huangyuan Sheet Garang in Hualong District, Qinghai Province For schist, gneiss and marble Presinian. Gashato Formation (') Berkey C P, Morris F K, 1924, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol.51, Art.V, 112, 117, 118, 123, 124, 125 Geshatou (Gashato) in Dayeketa Basin, northeastern Central Altay Mt., Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Gasikule Formation () Shen Zhenshu, Cheng Guo, Yue Changshuo, Liu Shuqin, 1993, Classification of Quaternary Salt-bearing Startigraphy and Sedimentary Environment of Qaidam Basin, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Gasikule Lake in Mangnai Town, western end of the Qaidam Basin For yellow, yellowish brown gypsum-bearing clayly siltstone with interbeds of silt beds Pleistocene Gasikule Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Gaxue Group ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xikaze Sheet Gaxue village, north of Jiala, 13 km northeast of Saga County, Tibet Autonomous Region For slate, radiolarianbearing siltstone, metamorphic basalt and database Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Gayang Formation (

)

Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, 1883, Silurian of Tibet, in Contribution to the Geol-

ogy of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15-28

Gayang in Pazhuo District, Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray siliceous bands limestone, with black thin-bedded limestone Late Silurian.

Gecun Formation (') Southern Jiangsu Special Subject Team of No.6 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology, 1960, Report of Integrative Research on Petroleum Geology in Southern Jiangsu Province Gecun in Jurong County, Jiangsu Province For brown, grayish green silty mudstone, muddy siltstone Late Cretaceous. Gedacun Member (($) Gedacun Metamorphic Volcanics Member Xu Chaolei, 1980, Geological Science and Technology of Shanxi, (3) Geda village close to Songjiashan, Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province For the second metamorphic basic volcanic rock member composed of chlorite schist and tremolite schist in Jiangdaogou Formation of local Songjiashan Group Archean-Palaeoproetrozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Gedamiao Formation (($) Xue Xiangxi, Zhao Jufa, 1982, Bulletin of Northwest University, (3): 70-80 Geda Temple close to Shimen Town, Luonan County, Shanaxi Province For purplish red conglomerate and clay stone Pliocene.

Gedang Formation () ) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Funing Sheet Gedang in Funing County, Yunnan Province For light gray to pink limestone Late Devonian.

Gedicun Formation ( ) Gedicun Conglomerate No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geologicla Map: Qamdo Sheet Gedilongba in Dandu Township, Luhuo County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of conglomerate, sandstone and slate Early Triassic. Geding Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 161. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Xu Guanghong & Zhan Jianguo Geding camp in Renhua County, Guangdong Province Dealing with a mudstone strata mainly characterized by the black shale with interbeds of sandstone, marl and limestone, between the two series of coalbearing clastic rock strata bodies  Late Permian. Gedongguan Member (4) Gedongguan Beds Hou Hongfei, Wei Jiarong, 1985, in Hou Hongfei, Ji Qiang, Wuxianghe, Xiong Jianfei, Wang Shitao, Gao Linda, Sheng Huaibin Wei Jiayong, Susan-Turner, 1985, Muhua Sections of Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary Beds, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 6-10 Gedongguan village, 1 km north of the village of Muhua, Changshun County, Guizhou Province Dealing with a composite strata body made up of both the Changshun Shale Beds of the Wangyou Formation and its overlain yellowish brown limestone lenticle in the section located at the side of highway, 600 m north of Muhua village Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous Gedongguan Beds should be elevated to higher rank, called Gedongguan Member, Changshun Shale Beds cannot be included within the Gedongguan Beds if we insisted on that Gedongguan Beds is the unit of rank of bed. Ge’ermo Formation () Ge’ermogou Group Xiang Liwen, Li Shanji, Nan Runshan, et al., 1981, The Cambrian of China, Stratigraphy of China (4), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Ge’ermogou in Jintieshan, Sunan County, Gansu Province Dealing with a strata body composed of conglomerate, sandstone, tuffite, siliceous slate with in-

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terbeds of limestone and limestone Late Cambrian Ge’ermo Fomation is the form of lithostaratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Gegen Obo Formation ( ) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Wenguo ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (15), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 49. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Xie Tonglun Gegen Obo in north hill of Salt Lake, Dong Ujimqin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks Early Permian. Gegongzhen Formation (') Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Yufa, Jiang Lifu, ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (34), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Anhui Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 106. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Gegong Town, Dongzhi County, Anhui Province For fine-grained conglomerate, metamorphic sandstone and mudstone Mesoproterozoic. Gehu Formation () Wu Yunbiao, Li Congxian, 1987, Quaternary Geology of Changjiang Delta, Beijing: China Ocean Press Gehu village bridge in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu Province For grayish, greenish gray and grayish yellow clay Pleistocene. Gehuyao Formation (') Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Datong Sheet Gehuyao in Yanggao County, Shanxi Province For phyllite Archean. Geji Formation ()) Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Geji in Shiquanhe District, Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone Early Cretaceous Synonymous with Langshan Formation. Gekeng Formation (' ) Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Jianhai ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (35), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Fujian Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 24. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team Gekeng Township, Dehua County, Fujian Province For schist with interbeds of leptynite Archean. Geku Member () Geku Volcanics Brown J Coggin, 1912, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol.42, 231253 Jiku (Geku) in Xi’en District, eastern Tibet Autonomous Region For the upper member of the Abor Volcanics Tertiary.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Gelalongba Formation () Genalongba Formation Zhang Zuoming, Lu Yiju, 1984, Discussion on the Problems of the Geologic Time of Tumengela Group, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (14), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Gelalongba in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Jurassic. Gelanghe Formation () Zhang Yuping, Wang Banyue, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 21(2): 119-128 Gelanghe close to Caijiachong in Yuezhou Basin, Qujing County, Yunnan Province For brownish red mudstone, calcareous nodule-bearing siltstone and conglomerate Eocene. Gelaoshan Basalt (*) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Lieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 310 Gelaoshan in Jinshan, Datong City, Shanxi Province For basalt Pleistocene. Gelashankou Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Gelashankou in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Triassic. Geleshan Speleothem (+ ) Young C C, Liu T S, 1950, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 30(1-4) Geleshan in Chongqing Municipality For yellowish gray, reddish yellow, orange yellow clay and gravel Pleistocene. Geliping Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 298 Geliping in Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province For yellow clay and silty sands Pleistocene. Gelong Formation () Ye Shida, Yang Tongshi, 1982, Classification and Correlation of Mid Triassic in Yushu District, Qinghai, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (10), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Gelong in Yushu County, Qinghai Province For quartzose sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of limestone and clay stone with interbeds of volcanic rocks occasionally Mid Triassic. Geluo Formation ( !) Sichuan Air Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologicla Map: Qijiang Sheet Geluo in Qijiang District, Sichuan Province

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Early-Mid Triassic.

Gema Formation () Chen Guolong, Chen Chuzhen, 1990, Triassic System and Biofauna of Yushu

District, Qinghai, in Qinghai Institute of Geological Science and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 1990, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of DevonianTriassic in Yushu District, Qinghai (I), Nanjing: Nanking University Press Gema in Yushu District, Qinghai Province Late Triassic.

Gemige Formation ( ) Yin jiarun, Enay R, Wan Xiaoqiao, 1999, The first report of the Late TriassicEarly Jurassic passage beds in the Eastern Tethyan Himalaya, Earth & Planetary Sciences, Paris, 329 Gemige valley located at 5 259 km point of China-Nepal Highway, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a series of clastic rocks Late Triassic-Early Jurassic.

Gemuri Group ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Gemuri in southern Qiantang District, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within

the Amugang Group, for siliceous rock with interbeds of sandstone, volcanic rock Predevonian. Gengjiadian Formation (,)

No.107 Sichuan Geology Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Youyang Sheet Gengjiadian in Sichuan Province Cambrian-

Ordovician.

Gengjiajie Formation (, ) Hong Youchong et al., 1974, Acta Geologica Sinica, 48(2): 113-158 Gengjiajie in Laohutai, north of Fushun Coalfield, Liaoning Province For brown shale with interbeds of thin-bedded sandstone, green mudstone and marls in holes Oligocene.

Gengxiu Formation (-) Huang Baoyu, Guo Shuyuan, et al., 1991, Cenozoic Stratigraphy and Palaeontologic Fauna in Central-Southern Shanxi Province, Beijing: Science Press Gengxiu in Shanxi Province Pleistocene.

Genkeng Member ( ) Zhang Xianqiu, Division and biota of the Luofuzhai Group in the Pingling sec-

tion of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 239-254

Genkeng in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For a member within the upper part of the Xinzhuang Formation Palaeogene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Genlihe Formation ( ) Zhang Haiyang, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Handaqi Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhao Guisan Genlihe in Handaqi District, Aihui County, Heilongjiang Province For blackish gray graywacke, chlorite slate, tuffite and marls Mid-Late Devonian.

Genlong Formation ( ) Hou Liwei, Luo Daixi, Fu Deming, Hu Shihua, Li Kaiyuan, 1991, Evolution of

Sedimentation and Tectonics of Triassic system in Western Sichuan and Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Genlong valley in Changtai, Baiyu County, Sichuan Province For grayish green, dark green basalt andesite with interbeds of limestone and volcanic clastic rocks Late Triassic. Gequ Formation () Liu Guangcai, Li Xianghong, 1994, Qinghai Geology, 3(2): 1-7 Gequ in Maqin County For clastic rock with interbeds of limestone, volcanic rock and slate Late

Permian.

Gerile Formation () Tao Minghua, Zhu Yuheng, Zheng Guoguang, Zou Weihong, Li Yanxia, 2000,

Jurassic Stratigraphic Sequence of Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, in Editorial Committee of the Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 203-207 Gerile (Geroleaodu) in Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a much coal-bearing mudstone and sandstone Mid Jurassic. Gerong Formation (#) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet Gerong close to Ricuo, Xiangcheng County, Sichuan Province For grayish white dolomite, dolomitic limestone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Early Devonian.

Geshaokebu Formation () Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bainai Sheet Geshaokebu in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For kyanite schist, quartz schist with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Ordovician-Silurian.

Gesuo Group ( ) Han Tonglin, 1983, Try on the “Shading Slate Series”, in Contribution to the

Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House

Gesuo in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Cretaceous.

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Getanggou Formation (. ) Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Gansu Geology, (2): 6-7 Getanggou in Gansu Province Neogene. Getanggou Formation (/) An Taixiang, Zheng Zhaochang, 1990, The Conodonts of the Marginal Area around the Ordos Basin, North China, Beijing: Science Press, 1-184. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Du Demin & Chen Jingzhi Getanggou in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Early Ordovician Getanggou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Getun Formation (') Zhang Huanqiao, 1977, Liaoning Information of Regional Geological Survey, (1) Getun in Manjia, Jinzhou, Dalian City, Liaoning Province For gray sandstone and shale Early Cambrian. Gezhadi Formation ( ) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet Gezhadi in Zhongzan, Batang County, Sichuan Province For crystalline limestone, argillaceous limestone and marls, with basal conglomerate Early Silurian.

Gezhenbao Group ()) Yu Jianzhang et al., 1958, Proceedings of Basic Material of Geology of China, no.4, Beijing, Geological Publishing House Gezhenbao in Dalian City, Liaoning Province Proterozoic. Gezhencun Formation ( ) Ma Daquan, Huang Xiangding, Chen Zhepei, Xiao Zhifa, Zhang Wangchi, et al., 1997, Regional Geology of China, 16(2): 130-136 Gezhencun village in Changhua Township, Changjiang County, Hainan Province Dealing with a component formation within the local Baoban Group, for gneiss and leptynite Palaeoproterozoic. Gezhongwu Formation ( ) Gezhongwu Member Yin Gongzheng, Wang Yangeng, Qian Yi, 1982, A preliminary research in the boundary between the Sinian and the Cambrian of Guizhou, Journal of Stratigraphy, 6(4): 286-293 Gezhongwu located 14 km east of Zhijin County, Guizhou Province For siliceous apatite-bearing dolomite, dolomitic phosphorite with interbeds of apatite-bearing dolomite Sinian-Early Cambrian. Gezhuang Formation (* ) Chen Junyuan, Zou Xiping, 1975, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (1) Gezhuang village in Jiaonan, Xintai County, Shandong Province For grayish white, pink dolomite and argillaceous limestone Mid Ordovician.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Gezi Formation () Fu Lipu, Li Yaoxi, Song Lisheng, Wen Yuling, 1983, The Silurian of Western Qinling, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(4): 258-271 Gezi in Diebu County, Gansu Province For dark gray sandy slate, phyllite, with interbeds of limestone lenlicle Early Silurian. Gezidong Speleothem (/ ) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 304 Gezidong village in Shuiquan Township, Gazuo County, northwest of Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province For cataclastic rocks beds crammed by yellow clay Pleistocene. Giri Limestone () Hayden H H, 1907, Mem. Geol. Surv. India, vol.36, pt.2, 112-201 Jili (Giri) village located southeast of Ganba, 15 km southwest of Xigaze City, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone Early Cretaceous. Gobi Formation ( ) Gobi Series Obruchev, 1900, Central Asia, Northern China and Nanshan, Report on the Exploration of 1892–1894, vol.1, 96 Gobi close to Yumen City, Gansu Province For grayish yellow sands, pebble and clay Pleistocene. Gochu Formation () Berkey C P, Morris F K, 1926, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 38(1): 127 Gequ (Gochu) in front of Mt Altay., Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For coarsegrained conglomerate Pleistocene. Golmud He Formation () Wang Zengji, 1981, Geological Review, 27(6): 533-538 Golmud River, south of Golmud City, Qinghai Province For a series of clastic rocks with interbeds of limestone Late Carboniferous. Goma Sandstone (“ ” ) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thoms Murby & Co., 449 Goma in the Huangmei District on the southern side of the Dabieshan, Hubei Province For sandstone often quartzose and barren of fossils in the Huangmei District, but bearing plant remains and coal in the Shangcheng District on the northern side of the gange Jurassic. Gongba Conglomerate () Gongba Sandstone and Conglomerate Zhao Xitao, Guo Xudong, Gao Fuqing, 1976, Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qolmolungma Mt. Region, in Scientific Expedition Team of Qolmolungma Mt. Region, Academia Sinica, 1976, Report of Scientific Expedition of Qolmolungma Mt. Region (1966–1968), Beijing: Science Press,

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16. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Wang Mingye, Tang Xingbang & Wang Baofu Gongba close to west of Gongdafu, 5 km south of Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For yellow conglomerate Pleistocene. Gongbaqiang Formation ( ) Yang Zengrong, 1985, Silurian of Southern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 35-49 Gongbaqiang in Dingjie County, Tibet Autonomous Region For sandy shale and sandy limestone Early Silurian Gongbaqiang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Gongbo’gyamda Granite ( ) Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Gongbogyamda in Lhasa District, eastern Tibet Autonomous Region For granite Late Cretaceous. Gongboxue Formation ( ) Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Research on Regional Stratigraphy of Yangzhuoyong Lake, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3): 1-20 Gongboxue in Langkazi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a part of strata classified by Palaeotological fossils within the Yangzhuoyong Group Late Cretaceous Gongboxue Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Gongbushan Formation () Yin Jixiang et al., 1984, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the QinghaiTibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Gongbushan in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Devonian. Gongcha Group (0) Qian Jiaqi, Ye Yongzheng, 1981, Geology of Northwest China, (1): 1-25. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Ye Yongzheng Gongcha in Shibaocheng Township, Subei Mongol Autonomous County, Gansu Province For the sum of Qi-

tadaban Formation, Wugeshan Formation, Hashiha’er Formation and Yaodonggou Formation Neoproterozoic.

Gongdong Formation (1) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Samen Sheet Gongdong village in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For phyllite, slate, with interbeds of metamorphic sandstone and siltstone Neoproterozoic. Gongge’er Group () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15 Gongge’er Mountain in Kunlun Mt. Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with the

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

part of metamorphic rocks underlain the unmetamorphic clastic rocks and carbonate rocks in the top of original Mijigan Group, for crystalline schist and marble Palaeoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Gongguan Formation ()) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangzou Sheet Gongguan in Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province For dolomite, dolomitic limestone, with interbeds of clay stone Early

Devonian.

Gonghe Formation ( ) Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs ot the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 234. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Zhou Benxiong Gonghe County, Qinghai Province For dark gray sandstone and conglomerate, grayish yellow siltstone and medium-grained sandstone Pleistocene The author of this term should not refuse to accept the Kungho Formation (Sun C C, 1936) and adopt the Gonghe Formation; Homonymous with Kungho Formation; Synonym: Gonghe Formation (China Stratigraphical Information System (CSIS), 1995, http://www.drc.cgs.gov.cn). Gonghudong Formation () Zhu Xiangkui, 1965, in North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geol-

ogy, 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, 158-162

Gonghudong, north of Bayanxibie, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish white siliceous limestone with interbeds of slate and limestone Sinian.

Gongjiachong Formation (0) Lei Yizhen, 1987, Biostratigraphy of Gorges Area in Yangtze River (5), CretaceousTertiary, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Gongjiachong in Dangyang County, Hubei Province For the part of rocks belonging to Paleocene in the lower part of local Yangxi Formation Paleocene Gongjiachong Formation is the form of

lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Gongjiagou Formation (0)

Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 243. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.3 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Gongjiagou in Shaanxi Province Neogene.

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Gongjiang Schist () Gongjiang Formation Yin Guanghou et al., 1998, Yunnan Geology, 17(40): 1726Gongjiang, 140 km southeast of Xuelongshan, Yunnan Province For a schist body bounded by faults. Gongjo Formation (() Gongjo Red Beds Li Pu, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Gongjo Zong, southeast of Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of purplish red sandstone, mudstone, shale and marls, with interbeds of thin-bedded gypsum Eocene-Eocene. Gongkang Formation () Tang Yingjun, You Yuzhu, Xu Xinqi, Qiu Zhuding, Hu Yankun, 1974, The Lower

Tertiary of the Baise and Yungle Basin, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 12(4): 279-290

Gongkang in Baise Basin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For alternat-

ing beds of yellowish green, grayish green and purple mudstone, sandy mudstone and sandstone Oligocene. Gongpoquan Formation ( ) Gongpoquan Group No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gongpoquan Sheet Gongpoquan in Subei Mongol Autonomous County, Gansu Province For volcanic rocks, volcanic clastic rocks, purplish red calcareous sandstone, conglomerate, with interbeds of limestone Mid Silurian. Gongshan Formation (2) Yao Zude, Ni Bingfang, 1990, Regional Geology of China, (2): 166-172 Gongshan in Huili County, Sichuan Province A component formation of Xiacun Group, for schist with interbeds of quartzite Palaeoproterozoic. Gongwangling Diamictite () Gongwangling Till Wang Shufang, Chen Maonan, Duan Wangti, Cao Zhaoyuan, 1966, Proceedings of Cenozoic of Worksite Conference of Lantian, Shaanxi, Beijing: Science Press Gongwangling in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province For red mudstone Pleistocene. Gongwusu Group () Gongwusu Formation Chen Junyuan, Zhou Zhiyi, Lin Yaokun, Yang Xuechang, Zou Xiping, Wang Zhihao, Luo Kunquan, Yao Baoqi, Shen Hou, 1984, Chihkan. Nanking Inst. Geol. Palaeont., (29). First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.3 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Gongwusu in Wuhai City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Included Lashichong Formation and Gongwusu Formation possessed of the same name with Gongwusu Group Late Ordovician Gongwusu Group included a Gongwusu Formation with the same name and subordinate relationship, which does not conform to the rules in stratigraphical Nomenclature.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Gongxingshan Beds (3) Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Gansu Geology, (2): 6-7 Gongxingshan in Gansu Province Neogene. Gongyanghe Group (!) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tengchong Sheet Gongyanghe between Changning and Tengchong, Western Yunnan Province Subdivided into two parts, the lower part for metamorphic arkose quartzite with interbeds of slate or crystalline limestone; the upper part for alternating beds of slate, phyllite and quartzose sandstone, with micropalaeotological fossils and trilobita fragments Neoproterozoic-Cambrian. Gongyenong Formation ( ) Chen Bingwei, Ai Changxing, 1983, Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Geological Scienoces, (7): 25-40 Gongyenong in Jiangzong, Tongpu District, Jiangda County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with a division within the middle part

of the Jiapila Formation, composed of bioclastic limestone, micro-crystalline limestone and dolomitic limestone Late Triassic.

Gongyuan Formation () Penhsihu Beds, Gongyuan Group, geographic name Gongyuan was Romanized as Miyanohara by the Japanese (LSI) Kido Ch, 1912, Sinkoku Kogyo Jiho, (14); Noda M, 1939 (Bull. Cent. Nat. Mus., Manchoukuo, (1) revised as Miyanohara Series; Li Wenbin, Li Changyi, 1950 [in translation of “Geology and Mineral Resources of Northeastern China (Manchuria), third edition ”, Shenyang: Xinhua Book Co., 132], revised as Gongyuan Group (in Chinese) Gongyuan, 4 km south of Benxi City, Liaoning Province (see Wang Yu et al., 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1): 17, Fig.1) For purplish red conglomerate, sandstone, white conglomerate sandstone, with interbeds of parti-coloured tuffaceous shales Cretaceous Abandoned synonym: Benxihu Formation. Gongzula Formation ( ) Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Gongzula in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of limestone and sandstone Late Triassic.

Gouhou Formation () The United Team of Anhui and Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Teams, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologicla Map: Tangshan, Suxian, Lingbi Sheet Gouhou in Suxian County, northern Anhui Province Dealing with a component formation within the Suxian Group, out of original Houjiashan Formation, for dolomite with interbeds of shale or marls Sinian-Early Cambrian. Goujiang Formation (*) Liao Shifan, 1988, Guizhou Geology, 5(4) Goujiang Bauxite Mine, 30 km southwest of Zunyi City, Guizhou Province For bauxite-bearing strata body Early

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Carboniferous. Goujiapu Formation () Goujiapu Beds Zhang Wenyou (translator), 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhenfeng Book Co., 102 Goujiapu in southern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For conglomerate, mud, sand and fresh water limestone Palaeogene. Goukou Group () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 63 Altun north margin of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province Cambrian-Ordovician.

Goulongri Formation () Goulonri Member Wang Xiaofeng, 1980, Acta Geologica Sinica, 54(1). First appeared in a manuscript by Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team Goulongri in Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Late Ordovician Goulongri Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Goupiwan Formation ( ) Yang Jialu, Yu Suyu, Liu Guitao, Su Nanmao, He Minghua, Shang Jianguo, Zhang Haiqing, Zhu Hongyuan, Li Yujing, Yan Guoshun, 1991, Cambrian Stratigraphy, Lithofacies Paleogeography and Trilobita Fauna of Eastern Qinling Mt. and Dabashan Mt., Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Goupiwan in Wamiao Township, Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province Sinian-Early Cambrian Goupiwan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Goushenmiao Formation (() Xiao Siyun, Zhang Weiji, 1988, Metamorphic Stratigraphy of North Qinling Mt.,

Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Goushenmiao in Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province For phyllite with interbeds of sandstone lenticle Neoproterozoic. Goutoushan Formation (+) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Yufa ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (34), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Anhui Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 227. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Wang Jianhua & Guan Kexing Goutoushan in Shunshanji, Laian County, Anhui Province For purplish red, grayish red sandstone and mudstone Eocene. Go Yoto Formation (4) Osborn H F, 1930, Livre Jubilaire, Centenaire Soc. Geol. France Geyaotou (Go Yoto) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For silt and fine-grained sands Late Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Goyu Formation () Chen Tingen, 1986, Ordovician of Xainza and Bange, Tibet, Bull. Nanking Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Chinese Academy of Sciences, (10) Goyu in Zayu County, eastern Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red muddy banded limestone Late Ordovician. Guadigou Limestone () i.e. Kuantikou Limestone. Guaizihu Formation (") Zheng Zhaochang, Zhu Hong, 1987, in Zhu Hong, Zheng Zhaochang, He Xinyi,

1987, Palaeozoic Biostraigraphy and Tectonic Evolution of the North Margin of Alxa Block, Wuhan: Wuhan College of Geology Press Guaizihu in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of muddy slate and siltstone Early Silurian. Gu’an Formation (,) Compiling Group for Hebei Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Hebei Hydrological Geology Team Gu’an County, Hebei Province For pink red sands, gravel and pebble, with interbeds of coarsegrained sands and clay Pliocene-Pleistocene. Guanbingchang Formation (&%) Lei Yizhen et al., 1987, Biostratigraphy of Gorges Area in Yantze River (5), Cretaceous-Tertiary, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Guanbingchang, west of Fangxian County, Hubei Province For grayish white, rich yellow, and light red marls and limestone, with interbeds of mudstone Eocene. Guancailaochi Formation (-A*#) Guancailaochi Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Sharts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 151, chart 36 Guancailaochi close to Lanzhou City, Gansu Province For calcareous phyllite with interbeds of thin-bedded quartzite Silurian. Guandaokou Group (. ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Henan Province Guandaokou in Lushi County, Henan Province For the sum of Gaoshanhe Formation, Youjiayuan Formation, Xunjiansi Formation and Fengjiawan Formation Mesoproterozoic. Guandi Subformation (.) Tianjin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1992, Regional Geology of Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.29], Beijing:

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Geological Publishing House, 10-18 Guandi close to Gaogezhuang village, Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality A subdivision of Kaoyuchuang Formation, for dolomite with interbeds of siltstone Mesoproterozoic Guandi Subformation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Guandingliang Formation (& ) Henan Institute of Geology & No.3 Beijing Institute of Geology, 1979, Henan Geology, no.1 Guandingliang in Zhaigou District, Linru County, Henan Province For a component formation within the local Tengfung Complex Archean.

Guandong Limestone () Guandong Black Banded Limestone Endo R, 1928, Rep. Educ. Res. Inst., South Manchuria, Railway Co., (3) Former Guandong, the suburb of Luda City, eastern Liaoning Peninsula, Liaoning Province For limestone, sandy shale, calcareous limestone and dolomite Proterozoic. Guandu Formation (1) (. 1) Zhao Jinke, Chen Chuzhen, Liang Xiluo, 1962, The Triassic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 40. First appeared in a manuscript by Sichuan Bureau of Petroleum Exploration Guandu in western Sichuan Province Late Triassic Homonym: Guandu Formation (2). Guandu Formation (2) (. 2) Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Late Cenozoic Geol-

ogy and Environmental Evolution of Kunming Basin, Chongqing: Chongqing Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Jiang Nengren Guandu in Haigeng village, northeast of Dianchi Lake, Kunming City, Yunnan Province For gray fine-grained sands, silt beds, with interbeds of peat, occasionally with interbeds of fine-grained gravel Pleistocene Homonymous with Guandu Formation (1).

Guaner Formation (. ) Wang Bailin, Wang Lixin, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hunyuan Sheet Guaner in Shanxi Province Archean. Guanfang Formation (.) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 84. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Guanfang in Wudang District, Hubei Province For a component formation within the Wutang Group Proterozoic. Guanfangshan Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 27, table 1-4. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

by Zhang Honggang & Li Chengyan Guanfangshan in Lushan County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Huanghe Group, for a series of metamorphic mudstone and sandstone, with interbeds of carbonate rocks and volcanic clastic rocks Proterozoic. Guangde Formation (/) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuancheng, Guangde Sheet Guangde County, Anhui Province For brownish yellow, grayish purple tuffite with interbeds of purplish red fine-grained sandstone and mudstone Late Jurassic.

Guangdongping Formation (/) Zhang Qiusheng, 1980, Metamorphic Stratigraphy of Eastern Qinling Mt., China,

Changchun: Jilin People’s Publishing House. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Guangdongping in Kuanping, Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province For metamorphic basic volcanic rocks with interbeds of marble, quartzite, and schist Mesoproterozoic. Guanggaishan Formation (#) Yin Hongfu, Yang Fengqing, 1992, Triassic of Qinling Mt. and Adjacent Area, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Guanggaishan in Gansu Province Mid-Late Triassic.

Guanghan Clay (/) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 293. First appeared in a manuscript by Li Qingzhao Guanghan County, Sichuan Province For clay beds Pleistocene. Guanghua Formation (#) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 193 Guanghua in Shanquan Township, Longjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For acid tuffite, tuff lava with interbeds of oil shale and clay stone Early Cretaceous. Guanghuasi Formation (/) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 244. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by Hubei Bureau of Petroleum Management Guanghuasi in Hubei Province For grayish yellow and parti-coloured mudstone Miocene.

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Guangling Formation (/#) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 345. First appeared in a 1994 manuscript by Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Guangling County, Shanxi Province Neoproterozoic.

Guangou Formation (.) Compiling Group for Sichuan Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Guangou in Changxin Township, Huidong County, Sichuan Province For purple, red, gray and yellow mudstone and siltstone Late Jurassic. Guangping Basalt (/) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 294. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team Guangping in Helong County, Jilin Province For basalt Pleistocene Synonymous with Nanping Formation. Guangqing Formation (#) Qu Guansheng, 1984 Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mishan Sheet Guangqing in Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of tuffaceous slate and graywacke Late Carboniferous.

Guangshan Member (#) Zhang Zengqi, Chi Shouxiang, Song Zhiyong, 1994, Redefinition of the Jiaonan Rock Group in Shandong and the establishment of the Pengheshi Formation, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 354-356 Guangshan in Laishan Township, Muping County, Shandong Province For a member of Xiangshan Formation within the Jiaodong Complex Palaeoproterozoic. Guangtoupo Formation (#) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Weixi Sheet Guangtoupo in Yunnan Province Mid Devonian. Guangwu Formation (#) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of

Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 180. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Anhui Department of Petroleum Geology Guangwu in Jieshou County, Anhui Province

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For alternating beds of dark brown mudstone and fine-grained sandstone Palaeogene.

Guangzhou Formation (/) Xu Guanghong et al., 1979, Early Permian Stratigraphy and Ammonites Fossils

of Central Guangdong, in Yichang Institute Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1979, Proceedings of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Early Permian Homonymous with Canton Formation.

Guangzhuling Formation (#) Hubei Institute of Regional Geological Survey, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xianfeng Sheet Guangzhuling in Dingzhai, Xianfeng County, Hubei Province For limestone with interbeds of siltstone Mid Cambrian. Guanjiaba Formation () Tao Hongxiang, He Huiya, Wang Quanqing, Pei Xianzhi, 1993, History of Tectonic Evolution of the North Margin of Yangtze Plate, Xi’an: Northwest University Press Guanjiaba close to the boundary between Gansu and Shaanxi, Shaanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within local Guanjiagou Group, for a series of slate, agglomerate with interbeds of limestone Sinian. Guanjiagou Group () Guanjiagou Stage, Guanjiagou Formation Qin Feng, Gan Yiyan, Acta Geologica Sinica, 59(1): 74-79. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Tianshui Geology Team, Gansu Bureau of Geology Guanjiagou in Wenxian County, Gansu Province For a series of light metamorphic diamictite with interbeds of limestone, included Huangluba Formation, Dishuiya Formation, Guanjiaba Formation and Haozidian Formation Sinian. Guanjingliang Gravel (. ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Scale Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 79, chart 18 Guanjingliang in Daqingshan Mt., Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray gravel Pleistocene. Guankou Formation () Guankou Sandstone and Conglomerate Wang Yuelun, 1960, Geological Review, 20(5): 191-197 Guankou in Dengfeng County, Henan Province  For sandstone and quartzitic sandstone Early Cambrian Synonymous with Huoshan Sandstone; Homonym: Guankou Sandstone, Guankou Volcanics. Guankou Sandstone ( ) Guizhou Bureau of Regional Geological Survey, 1987, Regional Geology of Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing:

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Geological Publishing House, 338 Guankou close to Huaihema, Xishui County, Guizhou Province A component formation of local Shachimiao Formation, for grayish green thick-bedded massive sandstone, with calcareous balls Jurassic Homonymous with Guankou Formation, Homonym: Guankou Volcanics. Guankou Volcanics () Shanxi Bureau of Regional Geological Survey, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 104. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Guankou village in Baiban Township, north of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For dacitic rhyolite and andesite basalt Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Guankou Formation. Guanmaotun Formation (. ) Li Dongjin, 1982, Jilin Geology, (1) Guanmaotun close to Mingcheng, Panshi County, Jilin Province For fossil-bearing clastic rocks of Early Carboniferous Early Carboniferous Guanmaotun Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic

unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Guanmenshan Formation (1) ( 1) Guanmenshan Member Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yicheng, Suixian Sheet Guanmenshan in Hubei Province Dealing with originally a member within Shicaohe Formation of local Shennongjia Group Archean Homonym: Guanmenshan Formation (2).

Guanmenshan Formation (2) ( 2) No.9 Liaoning Geology Team, 1989, Liaoning Geology, (4) Guanmenshan in Fushun County, Liaoning Province For dolomite Mesoproterozoic Homony-

mous with Guanmenshan Formation (1). Guanniaohe Formation ()

Tang Kedong, Su Yanzheng, 1966, Acta Geologica Sinica, 46(1): 14-28 Guanniaohe in Xinghuo Township, Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For two informal subdivisions—the Lower Guanniaohe and the Upper Guanniaohe MidLate Silurian Guanniaohe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with

chronostratigraphic meaning.

Guanqiao Dolomite (.) Guanqiao Member Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, Fang Dawei, 1965, Chinese Science Bulletin, (4): 364-367 Guanqiao village close to Lifengshan Foresty Farm,

north of Ertang Township, Wuxuan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gray, light gray dolomite, dolomitic limestone and thin-bedded calcareous mudstone Early Devonian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Guanshan Complex () Guanshan Magma Complex Chen Zhenghong, 1990, Magmatic Rocks of Taiwan, National Geological Survey of Ministry of Economic Affairs, 1-137. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Shi Ran Guanshan in Taiwan Province For ultrabasic rock, gabbros, and diabasite, pillow vitrobasalt Miocene. Guanshan Formation (1) (. 1) Feng Jinglan, 1950, Science Report of Tsinghua University, Series C, 2(2) Guanshan in Leping County, Jiangxi Province For white, grayish white coarsegrained quartzose sandstone Late Permian Homonym: Guanshan Formation (2). Guanshan Formation (2) (. 2) An Sanyuan, Zhang Weiji, 1990, in Liu Guohui, Zhang Shouguang ed., 1990, Pro-

ceedings of Geology of the Qinling-Dabashan, Beijing: Beijing Science and Technology Press Guanshan in Shaanxi Province Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Guanshan Formation (1). Guanshan Formation (&)

Liu Tungsheng, Pan Jiang, 1958, Palaeontologia Sinica, New series C, (15) Guanshan, in Longtan Town, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For quartzose sandstone Late Devonian.

Guanshan Formation (0) Pan Jiang, 1959, Acta Geologica Sinica, 39(1): 23-39 Guanshan in Beipiao County, Liaoning Province Proterozoic. Guanshang Formation () Guanmenshan Member Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tengchong Sheet Guanshang in Yinjiang County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of slate, sandy limestone, banded limestone and dolomite Early Devonian. Guanshannao Formation (. ) Wang Xiaofeng, Ni Shizhao, Zeng Qingluan, Xu Guanghong, Zhou Tianhai, Li Zhihong, Xiang Liwen, Lai Caigen, 1987, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (2), Early Palaeozoic, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Guanshannao, east of Qinjiamiao, Yichang County, Hubei Province For the dolomite and dolomitic limestone in the upper part within the local Qinjiamiao Group Mid Cambrian Guanshannao Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Guanshanpo Formation () Hou Hongfei, Wan Zhengquan, Tang Dezhang, Xian Siyuan, 1985, Advances in the studies of Devonian Guixi-Shawozi section of Beichuan, in Longmenshan of Sichuan, Journal of Stratigraphy, 9(3): 186-194 Guanshanpo, north of Guixi

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village, Ganxi of Longmenshan, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of gray quartzose sandstone, quartz graywacke and siltstone Early Devonian Guanshanpo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with nonlithostratigraphic meaning. Guantao Formation ()) Compiling Group for Shandong Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Shandong Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Jia Zhonghui, Ma Zaitian & Shuai Defu Guantao County in Hebei Province For alternating beds of grayish white gravel-bearing sandstone, fine-grained sandstone and red mudstone Miocene. Guanting Group (. ) Huang Zhenhui, 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Guanting, south of Dangchang, Gansu Province For sandy shale with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone Late Palaeozoic. Gu’antun Formation (,) Heilongjiang Bureau of Regional Geological Survey, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 41 Gu’antun in Shangzhi County, Heilongjiang Province For slate, siltstone and sandy or muddy rocks Neoproterozoic. Guanwangpu Formation (.) Meng Lingshan, Hou Aibao, 1982, Geology of Wutaishan, 82(2) Guanwangpu in Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province Mid Jurassic.

Guanxia Formation () Li Yaoxi, Song Lisheng, Zhou Zhiqiang, 1975, Stratigraphical Table of Early Palaeozoic of Western Dabashan Mountain, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Guanxia in Shaanxi Province Early Cambrian. Guanyinge Formation (&*) Xu Bei, 1987, Mid-Late Proterozoic Stratigraphy and Tectonic Paleogeography of Northwest Jiangxi, in the History of Tectonic of the Margin of Old continental of South China Area, Wuhan: Wuhan College of Geology Press. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Zhu Shengqing Guanyinge located 4 km north of Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the local Xiushui Group, for alternating beds of conglomerate, graywacke and carbonaceous slate Neoproterozoic. Guanyingou Formation (&) Guanyingou Beds Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 157. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

by Shen Guomao & Wu Zhipu et al. Guanyingou in Baimaguan, Luojiang County, Sichuan Province Cretaceous. Guanyinmiao Formation (&) Hou Hongfei, Wan Zhengquan, Tang Dezhang, Xian Siyuan, 1985, Advances in

the studies of Devonian Guixi-Shawozi section of Beichuan, in Longmenshan of Sichuan, Journal of Stratigraphy, 9(3): 186-194 Guanyinmiao (demolished) in Ganxi Township, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province For light gray fine-grained quartzose sandstone and quartzose graywacke Early Devonian. Guanyinshan Formation (&) Hubei Bureau of Regional Geological Survey, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 184 Guanyinshan in the area just outside the city gate of Puqi County, Hubei Province For light gray thick-bedded dolomite, breccia dolomite, with interbeds of oolitic dolomite, limestone and gypsum pseudocrystal Early Triassic. Guanyintai Formation (&) Jiangsu Reional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yangzhou Sheet Guanyintai in Lunshan, Jurong County, Jiangsu Province For dolomite, dolomitic limestone, with flint nodule and bands Late Cambrian. Guanyintan Formation (&) Chen Jinhua, Zhou Zhiyan, Pan Huazhang et al., 1980, On the Mesozoic coal

series and its faunas and floras in southwest Hunan, Bull. Nanjing Inst. Geol. Palaeont., (1): 76-98 Guanyintan in Hunan Province Late Triassic.

Guanyintang Formation (&) Henan Bureau of Regional Geological Survey, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 22. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by No.1 Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Guanyintang in Tongbai County, Henan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Taihua Group Archean. Guanziyao Formation (1) Hou Hongfei, Xu Guirong, 1964, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, (4) Guanziyao, 2 km southwest of Qianchang, Pu’an County, Guizhou Province For limestone and dolomite Early-Mid Devonian. Gubi Formation (B) Kuang Guodun, Zhao Mingte, Tao Yebin, 1989, The Standard Devonian Section of China, Liujing Section of Guangxi, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences

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Press, 1-154 Gubi in Liujing, Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For argillaceous limestone, ventricular limestone Late Devonian. Guchang Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Guchang in Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the sum of Laga Formation and Angjie Formation Carboniferous.

Guche Formation () Guche Member Hou Hongfei, Xian Siyuan, 1975, Early and Mid Devonian

Brachiopoda of Guangxi and Guizhou, in Contribution to Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.1 Guche close to the Yingtang village, Dale of Xiangzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For chert-bearing granule limestone, dolomitic limestone and argillaceous limestone with interbeds of calcareous shale Mid Devonian. Gucheng Formation (1) ( 1) Guchengcun Formation (a wrong proposal in “Stratigraphy (Lithstratic) of Guangdong Province”, 1996, 174) Zhang Xianqiu, 1984, Division and biota of the

Luofuzhai Group in the Pingling section of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 239-254 Gucheng village, south of Zhenxianyan, north of Datangxu, in northeastern Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong Province Dealing with a component formation of Luofozhai Group in Pingshan Section, composed of Maojiwan Member, for alternating beds of brownish red and grayish black mudstone; Zhenxianyan Member, for dark brown silty mudstone with interbeds of grayish yellow, grayish green silty mudstone Eocene The new name should be given to Gucheng Formation (2), but not to Gucheng Formation (1). Gucheng Formation (2) ( 2) Zhao Ziqiang et al., 1985, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (1), Sinian,

Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Ma Guogan Gucheng range, 5.5 km southeast of Gaojiayan, Changyang County, Hubei Province For diamictite, sandstone, gravel-bearing sandy clay and silty clay Sinian Homonymous with Gucheng Formation (1), this name should be substituted by a new name. Gucheng Formation (,) Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Geology, (10), supplement Gucheng in Pingyi County, Shandong Province For red clay, gravel with interbeds of sandstone Paleocene.

Guchengcun Formation () See Gucheng Formation (1).

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Guchengfan Group () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geologicla Map: Suixian County Sheet Guchengfan village in Suixian County, Hubei Province Ordovician.

Guchengzi Formation () Hong Youchong, Yang Ziqiang, Wang Shitao, Wang Sien, Li Yougui, Sun

Mengrong, Sun Xiangjun, Du Naiqiu, 1974, Acta Geologica Sinica, 48(2): 113-158

Guchengzi in Fushun City, Liaoning Province For coal seams with interbeds of black shale, carbonaceous shale, amber, grayish black siltstone Oligocene.

Gucunping Formation () Hubei Bureau of Regional Geological Survey, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Gucunping in east of Yangtze Gorges Area, Hubei Province A component formation of Kongling Group Proterozoic.

Gucuo Formation ( ) Wang Yigang, Zhang Mingliang, 1974, Jurassic, in Report of Scientific Expe-

dition of Qolmolunma Mt. Region (1966–1968), Beijing: Science Press, 127-147

Gucuo close to No.4 highway maintenance between Dingri and Nyalam, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray limestone and grayish yellow argillaceous limestone Late Jurassic The five formations of Gucuo 1, Gucuo 2,

Gucuo 3, Gucuo 4 and Gucuo 5 are not the normal stratigraphic subdivision names. Another five new “formation” names: Chucuobingzhan, Manquhe, Pandingsi, Rigana, and Gongbamana in the “Stratigraphical Lexicon of China, the Jurassic System” (2000, 51) suggested by Liu Guifang remains to be published. They are yet not the valid new name. Gucuocun Formation ( )

Yu Guangming, Zhang Qihua, et al., 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (11): 165-177 Gucuocun (i.e. Gucuo) close to No.4 high-

way maintenance between Dingri and Nyalam, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with a series of fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, shale, with silicalite and calcariferous nodule, overlain the original Gucuo Formation Jurassic.

Gudian Formation () Sichuan Air Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Langzhong, Deyang, Santai Jianyang Sheet

Gudianchang in Zongjiang County, Sichuan Province For purple, lateritic red,

purplish gray calcareous sandstone, gravel-bearing calcareous sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone and gravel beds Early Cretaceous.

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Gudongjing Formation ( ) Zhu Xiangkui, 1965, in North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, 158-162. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Xiu Zelei & Zhao Xiangsheng Gudongjing in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Sinian. Guifeng Group (2) Jiangxi Petroleum Survey Team, 1961, Preliminary studies of stratigraphic classification and correlation and its oil-bearing “Old Red Series” of Jiangxi Guifeng Hill in Geyang County, Jiangxi Province For lateritic red, purplish red thickbedded conglomerate and sandstone Late Cretaceous. Guihuaqiaogou Formation (3 ) Sichuan Bureau of Regional Geological Survey, 1991, Regional Geology of Sich-

uan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 24-25. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Chen Jiadi Guihuaqiao in Pingwu County, Sichuan Province Presinian.

Guijiatun Member (3) Guijiatun Formation Pan Jiang, Wang Shitao, Gao Lianda, Hou Jingpeng, Continental Devonian System of South China, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 240-269. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Yunnan Petroleum Geology Team Guijiatun close to Xishancun, south foot of Cuifengshan, Qujing County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a component member within the Tzuifengshan Formation, for purplish red, yellowish green mudstone and calcareous quartzose siltstone Early Devonian. Guilin Formation (3 ) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qimen, Tunxi Sheet Guilin in Shexian County, Anhui Province Early Cretaceous. Guiping Formation (1) (3  1) Wang Yangeng, Yin Gongzheng, 1984, The Boundaries of Precambrian-Sinian and Sinian-Cambrian in Guizhou, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House Guiping village, 25 km northeast of Sansui County, Guizhou Province For quartzose sandstone, conglomerate and clay stone Sinian Homonym: Guiping Formation (2). Guiping Formation (2) (3  2) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 285. First appeared in a

348

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

1975 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Guiping County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For sands, gravel, and sandy clay Holocene Homonymous with Guiping Formation (1). Guitang Formation ( ) Guitang Member Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1965, Chinese Science Bulletin, (12) Guitang village, 3.5 km north of Beiliu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonom-ous Region Dealing with a component member within the original Beiliu Formation,

for limestone with interbeds of reef limestone, sandy limestone and calcareous sandstone Early-Mid Devonian. Guitou Group (3)

Guitou Series Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1962, The Devonian of China, Bei-

jing: Science Press, 53. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Zhang Youzheng

Guitou chang in Ruyuan County, Guangdong Province For sandstone and conglomerate Early-Mid Devonian.

Guiwu Formation (3) Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yutai Sheet Guiwu in Yutai County, Jiangsu Province For gray, brownish gray and grayish black basalt Pliocene.

Guixi Formation (3) Hou Hongfei, Wan Zhengquan, Tang Dezhang, Xian Siyuan, 1985, Advances

in the studies of Devonian Guixi-Shawozi section of Beichuan, in Longmenshan of Sichuan, Journal of Stratigraphy, 9(3): 186-193 Guixi village in Beichuan County, Sichuan Province For dark gray quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of quartz graywacke and black muddy siltstone, included Zhaobishan Member and Raoheba Member Early Devonian.

Guiya Formation (3) Liang Shousheng, Xia Jinbao, 1983, Marine Cretaceous of Bange Area, North-

ern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 181-193 (perhaps Wang Naiwen, 1983, Development of Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Its Significance of Plate Tectonics in Lakes Area, Northern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 29-40) Guiya in Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray, grayish brown, yellowish brown massive limestone with interbeds of siltstone Early Cretaceous The priority of the Guiya Formation remains to be verified. Guiyang Formation ()

No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guiyang Sheet Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For the sum of Ganyintang Member and Gaicha Member Mid Triassic.

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Guiyang Formation (3) Tan Zhengxiu, Dong Zhenchang, Jin Yulong, et al., 1987, Stratigraphy and Palaeontological Fauna of Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous of Hunan, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Guiyang in Xinshao County, Hunan Province Dealing with a series of limestone, its geologic time extends across the Devonian and Carboniferous Periods Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous Guiyang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. The relationship of senior synonym and (or) junior synonym between the Guiyang Formation and the Malanbian Formation remains to be verified.

Guiyunhua Formation (3 ) Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhuanghe Sheet Guiyunhua Township, Zhuanghe County, Liaoning Province For grayish purple, yellowish green volcanic brec-

cia, with interbeds of yellowish green, grayish purple tuffaceous siltstone and shales

Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous.

Guizhou Group (3) Nanhai Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1978, Quaternary Geology of Littoral of South China, Beijing: Science Press Guizhou Town, Shunde County, Guangdong Province For modern delta deposits, included Henglan Formation, Wanqingsha Formation and Denglongsha Formation Holocene.

Gujiao Formation () No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guiyang Sheet Gujiao in Longli County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of limestone and dolimite, included Ni’erguan Member and Xiaojiazhuang Member Early Triassic. Gujin Formation () Chen T E, 1984, Ordovician, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press; also used in Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 23(4): 252-267 Gujin (the mistake of Guqin) in Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a series of dolomitic limestone and its underlain sandstone, phyllite, slate and schist Ordovician Prof. Chen Xu suggested to revise the Gujin Formation as Guqin Formation in the “Straigraphical Lexicon of China, the Ordovician System” (English Edition,1996, 75). Because the term “Guqin Formation” yet have not been named formally by any authors in any publications, it should not be included in the Lexicon. Gujing Formation ( ) Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Suixian County Sheet Gujing in Hubei Province For a component formation within the local Suixian Group Neoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Gula Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Gula Township, 63 km northeast of Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray, grayish black slate with interbeds of metamorphic quartzose sandstone Late Triassic. Gulangdi Formation (B) Xu Xian, Wei Zhensheng, Chen Guosi, Jiao Shengrui, 1982, Regional Stratigraphical Scales of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.7 Qinghai Geology Team Gulangdi in Jianzha County, Qinghai Province For sandy and muddy flysch Mid Triassic. Gulanhe Formation () Xue Chunding, Su Yangzheng, Zhang Haiyang, Cui Ge, 1980, Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian of the northwestern Xiao Hinggan Ling (Lesser Khingan Mountains), Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1): 1-12 Gulanhe River, northwest of 727 Forest Farm, Aihui County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish green slate with interbeds of siltstone Late Silurian. Guliya Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Guliya pass close to Dabangcuo, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of black slate, gray limestone phyllite and carbonaceous slate Late Carboniferous. Gumu Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 38. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team Gumu in south of Fuyun County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of quartzose sandstone and shale Early Silurian. Guniutan Formation () Guniutan Limestone Zhang Wentang, Li Jijin, Qian Yiyuan, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Chuzhen, Zhang Shouxin, 1957, Cambrian and Ordovician strata of eastern gorges, Hubei, Chinese Science Bulletin, (5): 145-146 Guniutan, south of Fenxiang Chang, 16 km northwest of Yichang County, Hubei Province For nodular structure light purple, yellowish green or gray limestone Early Ordovician. Guobayan Formation () Guobayan Marble No.101 Geology Team, Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoxing Sheet Guobayan in Sichuan Province Dealing with a component formation within Yanjing Group, for white marble Proterozoic.

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Guobu Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet Guobu in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Permian. Guodikeng Formation (

) Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academia of Geological Sciences and Xinjiang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1986, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Xinjiang Department of Petroleum Geology Guodikeng close to Quanzijie, Jimusa’er County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, yellowish green mudstone with interbeds of sandstone Late PermianLate Triassic. Guodingshan Formation () Pan Jiang, Wang Shitao, Liu Yuanpeng, 1975, Proceedings of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (1): 135-169 Guodingshan in Hanyang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province Dealing with the 4∼10 fish fossil-bearing beds of original Wuchang Sandstone in Guodingshan section Early Silurian Guodingshan Formation is the form of

lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning.

Guohua Formation ( ) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tiandong Sheet Guohua in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Triassic Guohua Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with Chronostratigraphic meaning. Guojiadian Formation () Sun Jianzhong, 1982, Acta Geologica Sinica, 56(2). First appeared in a manuscript by Jilin Hydrological Geology Team Guojiadian, east of Bubo hill, Shuangliao County, Heilongjiang Province For current aeolian sands Holocene. Guojialiang Formation ( ) Zhang Zonghu et al., 1987, Acta Geologica Sinica, 61(4) Guojialiang in Baiyushan Area, Shaanxi Province For grayish yellow loess with interbeds of pale soils and silt beds Pleistocene. Guojiashan Formation (1) ( 1) Li Yongjun, 1990, The stratigraphic division of the Triassic in the Minjiang River valley in the Western Qinling Mountains, Regional Geology of China, no.2 (serial no.33), 126-133 Guojiashan, north of Qinyu Township, Dangchang County, Gansu Province For alternating beds of limestone and slate Mid Triassic. Guojiashan Formation (2) ( 2) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51),

352

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 341. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by Yin Hongfu & Lai Xulong Guojiashan in northwestern Sichuan Province For grayish white dolomitic limestone and dolomite Triassic Synonymous with Qiranggou Formation. Guojiaya Formation () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 188. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.185 Shaanxi Coal field Geological Survey Team Guojiaya in Xixiang Township, Zhenba County, Shaanxi Province For black mudstone with interbeds of siltstone, siltstone and coalfield rock Permian. Guojiayao Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linru Sheet Guojiayao in Linru County, Henan Province For schist, leptynite Archean. Guokeshan Formation ( ) Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wulan Sheet Guokeshan in Da Qaidam Town, Qinghai Province For dolomite, limestone with interbeds of volcanic rock Carboniferous-

Permian.

Guokou Formation (4) An Sanyuan, Zhang Weiji, 1990, in Liu Guohui, Zhang Shouguang ed., 1990, Proceedings of Geology of Qinling-Dabashan, Beijing: Science and Technology Press Guokou in Shaanxi Province Palaeoproterozoic. Guolang Formation ( ) Guolang Group Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dali Sheet Guolang village, north of the town of Yunlong County, Yunnan Province For brownish red silty mudstone Eocene Guolang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Guolie Formation ( $) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Guolie in Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic. Guoling Formation () Wang Zongqi, 1990, in Liu Guohui, Zhang Shouguang ed., 1990, Proceedings of Geology of Qinling-Dabashan, Beijing: Beijing Science and Technology Press Guoling in Shaanxi Province For olistolite within the Taowan Group Proterozoic.

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Guomugou Formation ( ) Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology

of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 152. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guomugou close to Longwuhe, Qinghai Province For a stratigraphic division with special fauna within Longwuhe Group Early Permian Guomugou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Guoqu Group () Han Tonglin, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3) Guoqu in Tibet Autonomous Region Jurassic.

Guoshandong Speleothem (4 ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 264 Guoshandong in Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province For speleothem Pleistocene. Guotang Formation ( ) Li Jijin, Chen Xu, 1962, Acta Palaeotologica Sinica, 10(1): 12-13. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Yang Jingzhi & Qian Yiyuan et al., Yang’s paper was published in 1963 Guotang, south of Sandu County, Guizhou Province For grayish yellow muddy banded limestone with interbeds of calcareous shales and argillaceous limestone Early Ordovician.

Guoxuepu Formation () Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luolong Sheet, Qamdo Sheet Guoxuepu in Tibet Autonomous Region Mid Triassic.

Guoyang Formation () Yang Zhongjie, 1994, in Cheng Yuqi ed., 1994, Concise Regional Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 122, table 2-7 Guoyang in Weihe River, Basin Shaanxi Province Pleistocene.

Guozhuang Formation ( ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Henan Province Guozhuang in Neixiang Township, Henan Province For migmatitic gneiss with interbeds of marble Palaeoproteroz-

oic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Guozigou Formation ( ) Cheng Shoude, 1979, Regional Geological Survey of Xinjiang, (1). First appeared

in a 1974 manuscript by United Team between Regional Geology Survey Team of Xinjiang Uygur Autorcomous Region and Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guozigou District in Huocheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish black limestone with interbeds of muddy-banded limestone Late Cambrian. Gupa Formation () Guba Member Hou Hongfei, Xian Siyuan, 1975, Early-Mid Devonian Brachiopoda of Guangxi and Guizhou, in Proceedings of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology (1) Gupa close to Dale, Xiangzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For yellow mudstone, occasionally with limestone lenticle Mid Devonian.

Guqin Formation () Chen Bingwei, Ai Changxing, Zhaxiwangqu, 1982, Some Problems of Geology

of Bomi and Zayu District, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (10), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Guqin in Zuyu District, Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region Presinian. Guquanshan Member ( ) Guquanshan Formation Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Guquanshan in Wutai County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a member within the Dashiling Formation, for quartzitic arkose, calcariferous quartzite and quartzite Palaeop-

roterozoic.

Gushan Diamictite () Gushan Till Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classification of Quaternary

Stratigraphy of Qinghai Area, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 23-30 Gushan in Kunlun Mountain Area, Qinghai Province For a bed of diamictite within the lower part of the Gushan Formation (3) Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Gushan Formation (3). Gushan Formation (1) ( 1) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 7, chart 2 Gushan, 9 km south of Zhalainuo’er, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray and black shale Late Jurassic Homonym: Gushan Formation (2), (3); Gushan Diamictite.

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Gushan Formation (2) ( 1) No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kaiyuan Sheet Gushan in northern valley of Xifeidi, Kaiyuan County, Liaoning Province For grayish green andesite with interbeds of purplish gray silty shale Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Homonymous

with Gushan Formation (1).

Gushan Formation (3) ( 3) Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classification of Quaternary Stratigraphy of

Qinghai Area, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 2330 Gushan in Kunlun Mountain Area, Qinghai Province For the sum of Gushan Till, Gushan-Meikuanggou Interglacial Deposits and Meikuanggou Till Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Gushan Diamictite; Homonymous with Gushan Formation (1). Gushan Formation () Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangsu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.1], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 253. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Xue Keqin Gushan in Dangtu County, Anhui Province For sedimentary strata with interbeds of volcanic rocks Early Cretaceous Gushan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Gushantou Formation ()

Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xi Wengxiang, Pei Fang ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (41), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Henan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, viii+417 Gushantou in Tongboshan Mountain, Henan Province Dealing with a division of high metamorphic rock strata within the local Tsinling Group Palaeoproterozoic. Gushi Formation (,) Wang Rennong, Wang Yi, Ouyang Shu, 1994, New development in research of

Carboniferous of north foot of Dabeishan Mountain, Journal of Stratigraphy, 18(1): 17-23 Gushi County, Henan Province For siltstone, gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone, and siliceous slate Early Carboniferous Gushi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Gutian Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by

356

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

No.201 Guangdong Coalfield Geology Team Gutian close to Sanjiangkou, Lianxian County, Guangdong Province For the aluminous coal-bearing strata Late Permian. Guting Formation ( ) Guting Subgroup Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 66. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Yu Shoujun Guting in Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province For quartzose sandstone with interbeds of slate and phyllite with interbeds of limestone Late Ordovician. Guxiang Diamictite () Guxiang Tillite Li Jijun et al., 1979, Science in China, (6) Guxiang in Bomi District, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene. Guyang Formation (,) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guyang Sheet. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by No.201 Team of North China Bureau of Geology Guyang County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a formation with the same name in the Guyang Group Early Cretaceous Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Guyang Group. Guyang Group (,) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guyang Sheet. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by No.201 Team of North China Bureau of Geology Guyang County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a group included of Guyang Formation with the same name Early Cretaceous Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Guyang Formation. Guyuan Formation (5) No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qipanshan Sheet Guyuan in Hebei Province Jurassic.

Guzhan Formation () Guzhan Sandstone Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition

of Heilongjiang River Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol. 1, Beijing: Science Press Guzhan in Heilongjiang Province For sandstone Mid Jurassic.

Guzi Formation (6) Liang Dingyi, Wang Weiping, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (2). First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Wuhan College of Geology and No.2 Tibet Geology Team Guzi in Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region For deep metamorphic rocks in the lower part of original Shaogang Group Carboniferous.

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Guzuizi Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Longguan Sheet Guzuizi in Huaian County, Hebei Province For gneiss, granulite, marble and magnetite quartzite Archean. Gyangze Formation () Gyangze Series Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Gyangze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of black sandstone and shale Triassic-Jurassic. Gyawa Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 301. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Gyawa, southeast of Litang County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of thick-bedded conglomerate and mudstone Pleistocene Synonym: Nancun Gravel Beds.

H Haba Group () i.e. Kabino Formation. Habuqigai Formation () Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuhai City Sheet Habuqigai in Northern Helan Mountain, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For a component formation within the Qianlishan Group Archean. Hadatan Formation () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.24] Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 228. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Huang Difan Hadatan in Qinghai lakeshore, Gonghe County, Qinghai Province For yellow muddy conglomerate, yellowish green clayey siltstone, with interbeds of sandstone lenticle Pleistocene. Hadataolegai Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuchagou Sheet Hadataolagai in Suolun Town, Horqin You Banner, Hinggan League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For andesite, tuffaceous lava, with interbeds of siltstone, shale, tuffaceous sandstone Early Tri-

assic.

Hadayinbuqi Formation () Nan Runshan, Zhu Ciying, Zheng Yuejuan, Li Wenguo, He Xige, 1992, in Nan Runshan, Guo Shengzhe, et al., 1992, Palaeozoic Biostratigraphy and Paleogeography of Inner Mongolia-Northeast China Geosynclines Area, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Hadayinbuqi, south of Sumu, Sonid Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For slate with interbeds of sandstone and limestone lenticle Early Ordovician Hadayinbuqi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Ha’erbin Formation (&) Ha’erbin Loess Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yuzhuo, 1984, Chronological study of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 30-37. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Jilin Hydrological Geology Team Ha’erbin City, Heilongjiang Province For loess, clay and yellow silt with interbeds of gravel Pleistocene. Ha’erdaban Group () No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Tian Kuobang et al.), 1988, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Basita Mountain, Huocheng

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Sheet Ha’erdaban in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Palaeo proterozoic. Ha’erhada Formation () Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Maodeng Sheet Haerhada close to Sumuhaer Obo in Butumoji, Sonid You Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For quartz schist, iron-bearing quartzite, with interbeds of marble Mesoproterozoic.

Ha’erhushu Formation ( ) Huo Fucheng, Cao Jingxuan, Dong Yansheng, Gu Qichang, Yan Zhiqiang, 1987, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, 17(1) Ha’erhushu in Diebusike Mountain, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region A component formation within the Diebusike Group, for gneiss and migmatite with marble Archean.

Ha’erjiao Formation () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology

of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 172 Haerjiao in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For neutral volcanic rock, grayish green, yellowish brown dark gray volcanic breccia, tuffite, andesite and marly sandstone Early Permian. Ha’ersuhai Formation ( ) Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Alxa Zuo Banner Sheet Ha’ersuhai in Alxa You Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For quartzose sandstone,

graywacke, argillaceous limestone with interbeds of siltstone, limestone and gravelbearing sandstone Late Permian.

Hagong Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhongdian Sheet Hagong in Zhongdian County, Yunnan Province For sandstone, marl with interbeds of limestone, occasionally composed of alternating beds, with a few conglomerates Late Triassic.

Haicheng Volcanics ( ) Haicheng Volcanic Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 475 Haicheng County, Fujian Province For volcanic rocks Tertiary.

Haidianshan Group (

) i.e. Heidianxia Group.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Haidong Formation ( ) Sheng Xinfu, 1974, Classification and Correlation of Ordovician in China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Haidong in Yunnan Province For gray quartzose sandstone Early Ordovician. Haifanggou Formation ( ) Muroi W, 1940, Fushin and Lingyuan District, Guide Book to No.2 Excursion, Geological Conference of Manchuria Haifanggou in Beipiao County, Liaoning Province For conglomerate and volcanic rocks Mid Jurassic.

Haigeng Formation ( ) Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources and Yunnan Bureau of Ge-

ology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Geology and Sedimentary Evolution of Late Cenozoic in Kunming Basin, Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Jiang Nengren Haigeng in the north shore of Dianchi, Kunming City, Yunnan Province For gray, grayish green, brownish yellow fine to medium-grained sand beds, with interbeds of peat, occasionally with gravel, with carbonaceous mudstone in the base Holocene.

Haiguan Formation ( ) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Panshi Sheet Haiguan in Jilin Province Jurassic. Hai-Keuou Formation ( ) Horizon de Hai-Keuou Depart J, 1912, M´em. Ser. G´eol. L’Indochine, G´eologie G´eneral, vol.1, fasc.1, pt.1, 118 The village of Haikou (Hai-Keuou), 12 km north of Kunyang County, Yunnan Province For gray sandstone and siltstone Mid Devonian Homonym: Haikou Formation (2). Haikou Formation ( ) Zhao Xitao, Peng Gui, Zhang Jingwen, 1979, A preliminary study of Holocene Stratigraphy and sea level changes along the coast of Hainan Island, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1979(4):350-358 Haikou City, Hainan Province Holocene Homonymous with Hai-Keuou Formation (1). Hailang Formation ( ) No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Yang Yaoyu), 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mudanjiang Sheet Hailang Airport, Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province For parti-coloured purple sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone Late Cretaceous. Hailar Formation ( ) Geographic name Hailar was Romanized as Hairaru by the Japanese (LSI), Khailar by the French (LSI) Iwai J, Yoshizawa H, Watanabe T, Okada S, 1937, Geol. Geogra. Northwest Manchuria Hailar in Hulun Buir League, Heilongjiang Province

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(Now Hulun Buir City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) For grayish yellow fine-grained sands, sandy clay and black clay and gravel, with calcareous nodule, with conglomerate in the base Pleistocene Synonym: Kuhsiangtun Formation. Hailasi’a’mu Formation ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Hailasiamu in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous.

Hailong Diamictite ( ) Hailong Till Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional

Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 25. First appeared in a manuscript by Qian Fang Hailong in Gangdaga-Nyainqentanglha Area, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene. Hailongjing Formation (  ) Zhou Zhiwu et al., 1985, Oil & Gas Geology, 6(1): 1-14 No.1 Hole of Hailongjing in continental shelf of East China Sea For alternating beds of dark gray mudstone and white sandstone Miocene.

Hailuo Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Weixi Sheet Hailuo in Yunnan Province Early Devo-

nian.

Hailuogou Diamictite ( %) Hailuogou Till Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 87 Hailuogou in Gongga mountain, Sichuan Province For diamictite Pleistocene.

Haimen Formation ( ) Wu Yunbiao, Li Congxian, 1987, Quaternary Geology of Changjiang Delta, Beijing: China Ocean Press Haimen in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province For gray-

ish yellow, greenish gray clay, silt and gravel-bearing medium-grained sandstone

Pleistocene.

Haimenkou Formation ( ) Yuan Fuli, Du Hengjian, 1984, Biostratigraphy of Cenozoic of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Haimenkou in Jianchuan County, Yunnan Province For grayish green gravel-bearing silty sands and grayish black clay Holocene.

362

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Haishan Formation ( ) Geographic name Haishan was Romanized as Kaizan by the Japanese (LSI) Yabe H, Hanzawa S, 1930, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 14 (13) Haishan in Southern Taipei County, Taiwan Province For sandstone, shale with interbeds of volcanic rocks, occasionally with coal and limestone or with limestone without coal Miocene. Haishenghala Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Ningxia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Zheng Zhaochang & Zhang Luyi Haishenghala in Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish brown muddy slate and limestone Mesoproterozoic. Haitangshan Limestone ( %) Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Sruv. China, ser.A, (9): 1-48 Haitangshan, northeast of Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province For limestone Early Carboniferous. Haitong Formation ( ) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Haitong in Mangkang County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray, grayish purple clastics Early-Mid Devonian. Haixingdi Formation ( ) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Taihu Sheet Haixingdi village in Wanghe Township, Qianshan County, Anhui Province For purplish red muddy sandstone, with interbeds of conglomerate and white sandstone, with calcareous nodule Paleocene. Haiyan Formation ( ) Li Pingri et al., 1986, Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 8(3) Haiyan in Guangdong Province Holocene.

Haiyan Formation ( ) Haiyan Beds Qiu Zhanxiang, Yan Defa, Chen Guanfang, Qiu Zhuding, 1987, Chinese Science Bulletin, 32(19): 1 487-1 491. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Jia Hang Haiyan, northwest of Yushe County, Shanxi Province For a series of lacustrine facies sediments, yellow loose sand beds and purplish red, grayish green clay Pliocene. Haiyangdao Beds (

) Liu Minhou, Wu Shiying, Wang Yongji, Gao Jianxi, 1986, Late Quaternary sea level changes in the Huanghai Sea, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 68-73 Haiyangdao in Jiaozhou Bay of Huanghai Sea, Shandong Province For paleosol, peat with interbeds of brownish silty mud and muddy silt Pleistocene.

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363

Haiyankou Formation ( ) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Rizhao Sheet Haiyankou in Wulian County, Shandong Province A component formation within the Wulian Group, for quartzite, schist and leptynite Palaeo proterozoic.

Haiyuan Group ( ) Ningxia Integrative Geology Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Haiyuan Sheet Haiyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For chlorite schist, dolomitic quartz schist and marble Palaeo proterozoic. Haizhou Formation ( ) Galeeva L M, 1955, Ostrakody Melovyh otloe-ni Mongossko Narodno Respubliki VNIG-RI, Moskva, Gostopteliapat. First appeared in a manuscript by Gu Zhiwei, which published in 1962 Haizhou open cut coal mine in Fuxin, Liaoning Province For Fuhsin Coal-bearing Series Late Jurassic Gu Zhiwei suggested to substitute Fuhsin Member (Fuhsin Coal-bearing Series) with Haizhou Formation (in 1962, Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing, Science Press, 13, foot-note 1); Homonym: Haizhou Group. Haizhou Group ( ) Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangsu Province and Shanghai Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.1], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, vii+856. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by No. 6 Jiangsu Geology Team Haizhou in Jiangsu Province For the sum of Jinping Formation and Yuntai Formation Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Haizhou Formation. Haizhouwang Beds ( ) Liu Minhou, Wu Shiying, Wang Yongji, Gao Jianxi, 1986, Late Quaternary sea level changes in the Huanghai Sea, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 65-66 Haizhou Bay, east of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province Pleistocene.

Haizi Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 259 Haizi in Zhaotong County, Yunnan Province Pleistocene. Haizishan Formation ( ) Hou Liwei, Fu Deming, Luo Daixi, et al., 1991, Triassic Sediments-Tectonic Evolution in Western Sichuan and Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Geological Publishing Hause Haizishan in Sichuan Province Late Triassic.

364

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Haizishao Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 109. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.3 Yunnan Geology Team Haizishao in Yunnan Province For a component formation within the Yuanmo Group Palaeo proterozoic. Haizitou Conglomerate ( ) Haizitou Mud Gravel The Working Team of Guizhou Stratigraphy and Pa-

leontology, 1977, Regional Stratigraphical Tables of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Haizitou in Panxian County, Guizhou Province For brownish red muddy gravel, red clay, with thin-shell of limonite, basalt gravel Pleistocene. Haji’er Formation () Liu Guangcai, Zhou Guangdi, 1980, Qinghai Geology, (1) Haji’er in Xia Huancang Township, Tianjun County, Qinghai Province Composed of parti-coloured, purplish red clastic rocks in the lower part, and gray clastic rocks with interbeds of limestone in the upper part Late Permian. Hala Formation (1) ( 1) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Darhan Muminggan Joint-Banner Sheet Hala in Bayan Obo Township, Darhan Muminggan Joint-Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For tuffite, andesite with interbeds of tuffaceou sandstone, graywacke, locally with breccia, with interbeds of limestone and basalt lenticles Mid Ordovician Homonymous with Hala Formation (2). Hala Formation (2) ( 2) Han Tonglin, 1983, Palaeozoic Erathem and Discussion on the Sequence of Northeastern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2) Hala in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Jurassic Homonymous with Hala Formation (1). Hala’alate Formation () Wu Naiyuan, 1991, Carboniferous System, Palaeozoic of Xinjiang, Summary of Stratigraphy of Xinjiang, II-1, Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Hao Fuguang Hala’alate in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Ugur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous. Halabayigou Formation () Li Guangcen, Lin Baoyu, 1982, Discussion on Some Geological Problems of Eastern Kunlun Mountain, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet

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365

Plateau, (1) Halabayigou in Golmud City, Qinghai Province For phyllite, metamorphic sandstone and slate, with interbeds of schist and limestone Late Ordovician-Early Silurian. Halagou Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangjiakou Sheet Halagou close to Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province Jurassic.

Halaguole Formation () No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Aikengdaodelesite Sheet Halaguole in Dulan County, Qinghai Province Composed of clastic rock (lower) and marble, limestone, slate, conglomerate and volcanic rocks (upper) Early Carboniferous. Halahada Formation () Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bainai Sheet Halahada in Darhan Muminggan Joint-Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For quartzite OrdovicianSilurian. Halahatang Formation ( ) Dong Yanru, 1990, Proceedings of Petroleum Geology of Tarim Basin, Northwest Bureau of Petroleum Geology, Ministry of Geology, 190-204 Halahatang, southwest of Xinhe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For light gray siltstone, sandstone, with interbeds of conglomerate Late Triassic.

Halahuogete Formation (() No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bayan Obo Sheet Halahuogete, north of Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For quartzite, conglomerate with interbeds of limestone Mesoproterozoic. Halamayi Formation () Halamayi Series, Halamagai Formation (Pei Wenzhong et al.,1963) Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 28. First appeared in a manuscript by Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Halamayi located at the northern margin of Junggar basin, Xinjian Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, grayish green, yellow sandstone, mudstone, with interbeds of conglomerate Mid-Late Triassic. Halamilanhe Group ( ) Kalamilanhe Group Zhang Yuqian et al., 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qiemo Sheet Halamilan (also Kalamilan) River, south of Achang, Qiemo County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of clastic rocks and carbonate rocks Late Carboniferous.

366

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Halasi Group () Kalasi Group Wang Guangyao, Zhang Yuting, 1983, A discovery of Sinian plant microfossils from Altay Mountain of Xinjiang, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(4): 313 The village Halasi (also Kalasi) close to Halasikule in the upper reaches of Haba River, northern Altay Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the part of grayish green, purplish red light metamorphic sandstone with Sinian microfossils plant in local Kabino Group of Halasi Section Sinian-Early Cambrian Halasi Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning.

Halatumiao Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Halagaitu Farm Sheet Halatumiao in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous.

Halayan Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text

for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Halayan in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Ordovician.

Halazha Formation () Geographic name Halazha was Romanized as Khalatchja by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 16, chart 4 Halazha in south margin of Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For green sandstone Early Cretaceous. Halhin Formation (7) Iwai J, Yoshizawa H, Watanabe T, Okada S, 1937, Geol. Geogra. Northwest Manchuria Halhin river between Halaha river and Bu’er lake, 30 km east of Manzhouli City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Composed of sandstone and conglomerate Oligocene.

Halhin Gol Formation () Halhin Gol Series Ning Qisheng, Tang Kedong, Geological Monthly, (8) Halhin River in Central-Southern Da Hinggan Mountain, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For sandy shale, crystalline limestone with interbeds of porphyry, quartzite and porphyry Ordovician.

Haliqi Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bainaimiao Sheet Haliqi in Bayan Obo

Township, northeast of Bayan Obo, Darhan Muminggan Joint-Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray sandstone and silty mudstone OrdovicianSilurian.

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367

Halunwusu Group () Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 233. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Geology Team Halunwusu in Subei County, Gansu Province Late Triassic. Hamajing Member (5 ) Zhao Ziqiang et al., 1985, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (1), Sinian Period, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Hamajing in Hubei Province Sinian. Hamangou Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stra-

tigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Xinjiang Institute of Geological Science Hamangou close to Bositeng lake, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish white, grayish green coarse-grained sandstone, sandy conglomerate, with interbeds of siltstone, mudstone and coal seams Early Jurassic. Hamashan Formation (5) Hamashan Mesozoic Beds; Hamashan Series, geographic name Hamashan was Romanized as Gemachan by the French (LSI) Matsuzawa I, 1935, Bull. Geol. Soc. Japan, 42 (501) Hamashan, 4 km northwest of Hongluoxian, Yangjiazhangzi, Jinxi County, Liaoning Province For white, purple thick-bedded sandstone with interbeds of coal beds and sandy shales Late Permian. Hamencuo Formation ( ) Liu Tungsheng, Cui Zhijiu, 1982, Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology of

Xixiabangma Mountain Area, Report of Expedition of Sciences of Mt. Xixiabangma, Beijing: Science Press Hamencuo, north of Mt. Xixiabangma, Tibet Autonomous Region For yellowish brown sands and gravel, gray silt and clay beds Pleistocene.

Hamisite Formation ( ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gongliu Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by No.9 Xinjiang Geology Team Hamisite in Nileke County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For tuffite, volcanic breccia, basalt with interbeds of sandstone, mudstone, and tuffite Late Permian. Han Group ( ) Han System Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, 299-300 Hanjiang River in southern Shaanxi Province For the sum of Kisinling Lime-

368

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

stone, Sintan Shale, Wushan Limestone and Kweichow Formation Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. Hanbeibudunshao Formation (C) Nan Runshan, Zhu Ciying, Zheng Yuejuan, Li Wenguo, He Xige, 1992, in Nan

Runshan, Guo Shengzhe, et al., 1992, Paleozoic Biostratigraphy and Paleogeography of Inner Mongolia-Northeast China Geosynclines Area, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Hanbeibudunshao in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For metamorphic sandstone, greywacke and slate with interbeds of limestone lenticle and andesite Early Ordovician Hanbeibudunshao Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Hanchi Formation (8) Geographic name Hanchi was Romanized as Kankei by the Japanese (LSI) Ogasawara M, 1933, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Dainano Sheet Hanchi village in Ilan County, Taiwan Province For alternating beds of black and brown shale and fine-grained sandstone Eocene.

Hanchiatien Formation (9) Hanchiatien Shale Hiong Y H, Luo C Y, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2). First appeared in a 1930 manuscript by Ting V K. Hanjiadian (Hanchiatien), north of Tongzi County, Guizhou Province For grayish green, yellowish green, blue mudstone, silt mudstone Early Silurian.

Hanchung Formation () Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, part 1:Palaeozoic and Older, 188, 193,195 Hanzhong (Hanchung) County, Shaanxi Province Devonian Homon-

ym: Hanchung Gravel.

Hanchung Gravel () Hanchung Loam and Gravel Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (9) Hanzhong (Hanchung) County, Shaanxi Province For sands and gravel Quaternary Homonymous

with Hanchung Formation.

Hanconggou Formation (:%) Zhang Pifu, 1973, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Northeast China, (3) Hanchonggou in Jilin Province Archean.

Handaqi Formation (7) Zhao Guisan et al., 1958, Report of Regional Geological Survey of Aihui County, Xiao Hinggan Mountain, Xiao Hinggan Mountain Regional Geological Survey Team Handaqi in Xiao Hinggan Mountain, Heilongjiang Province For volcanic rocks Early Devonian.

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369

Handu Formation (:) Handu Red Series Li Pu, 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Handu in Tibet Autonomous Region For red beds. Hanfushan Sandstone (9 ) Hsieh C Y, Sun K, Cheng Y C, 1935, Geology of the iron deposits of the Lower Yangtze, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (13) Hanfushan, 7 km south of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For sandstone Cretaceous.

Hange’erqiaoke Formation () Hangeerqiaoke Series No.13 Geology Team of Ministry of Geology (Zhu Shuncheng), 1958, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Middle Kuruktag Sheet Hange’erqiaoke Mountain close to the middle part of Kuruktag Mountain. Hang Hau Formation ( ) Yim W W S, 1996, Offshore Quaternary of Hong Kong: worldwide and regional correlation, Quaternary Sciences, 1996(4): 283-287 Hang Hau in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For reverie deposits at the coastal seas Holocene Hang Hau Formation is the form of lithostrigraphic unit with seismostratigraphic meaning. Hangjin Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Geology Team (Zhu Shuncheng), 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hangjin Banner Sheet Hangjin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Cretaceous. Hangou Slate (:) Hangou Carbonaceous Slate Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 40. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Tonghua Geology Team Hangou in Tonghua County, Hunjiang City, Jilin Province For carbonaceous slate and graphite schist Palaeo proterozoic. Hangpu Formation () Hangpu Sand and Gravel T’an H C, Wang S W, 1930, Geological reconnaissance along the projected railway line from Nanchang to Fuchow, Bull. Geo. Surv. China, (14) Hangbu (Hangpu), 25 km northeast of Chongren County, Jiangxi Province For red, gray thin-bedded soft sands with interbeds of gray mudstone Tertiary. Hangwula Formation () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of

370

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, vii+856. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Zhou Zhiqiang & Zheng Zhaochang Hangwula range, northwest of Wuliji, Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For siltstone, crystalline limestone, alternating beds of muddy slate and limestone Early Ordovician. Hangzhou Formation () Chen Qishi, 1987, Bulletin of Nanjing Geology and Mineral Resources, 8(2) Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province For dolomite Early Carboniferous.

Hanhsia Formation (:) Hanhsia Series Yu Changmin, 1956, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 4(4): 599620. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by Wang Shangwen Hanxia (Hanhsia), west of Yumen, southwest of Jiuquan County, Gansu Province For purplish red siltstone sandstone with interbeds of conglomerate Early-Mid Silurian.

Hanjia Member (9) Hanjia Formation Anhui Geology Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dangshan, Suxian, Lingbi Sheet The village of Hanjia in Jiagou, north of Suxian County, northern Anhui Province For yellow dolomite and purple muddy dolomite Early Cambrian-Early Ordovician.

Hanjiang Formation (1) (9 1) Wei Xiuze, Xiao Chengxie, Chen Shenggao, Yu Tao, 1966, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica,1(1): 65-76 Hanjiang in Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province For grayish green fine-grained sandstone and slate Mid Ordovician Hanjiang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning; Homonym: Hanjiang Formation (2).

Hanjiang Formation (2) (9 2) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geol-

ogy of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 256. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Zhong Shuixian, Chen Shengyuan Hanjiang close to the estuary of Zhujiang River Basin, Guangdong Province For gray mudstone and sandstone, with interbeds of conglomerate and calcareous sandstone, with asphalted shale and lignite beds Miocene Homonymous with Hanjiang Formation (1). Hanjiaping Formation (9) Yan Zhubin, 1985, Geological Review, 31(2): 101-110. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.6 Shaanxi Geology Team Hanjiaping, 3.6 km east of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province A component formation within the Qiucha Group, for metamorphic andesite, gneiss, schist and quartzite Archean.

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Hanjiawa Formation (9) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Hanjiawa in Hubei Province For a component formation within the Dagushi Group Mesoproterozoic. Hanjiga Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stra-tigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Hanjiga in Bole County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish white, grayish green and grayish black muddy siltstone, sandstone, fine-grained conglomerate, with interbeds of limestone and basalt Mid Devonian. Han Jo P’a Basalt () Hanoorpa Basalt Barbour G B, 1929, The Geology of Kalgan Area, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (6) Hannuoba (Han Jo P’a or Hanoorpa) in Zhangbei County close to Zhangjiakou (Kalgan), Hebei Province For basalt Oligocene Synonym: Yuxian Basalt, Weichang Basalt, Wuliangtai Basalt, and Qipanshan

Basalt.

Hankao Group ( ) Hankao Series Norin E, 1924, An Algonkian Continental Sedimentary Formation in West Shanxi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(1): 55-72 Hangao ( Hankao) Mountain in Linxian County, Shanxi Province For sandstone Proterozoic.

Hankeng Formation (9 ) Ma Changxin, Liu Guirong, Lu Guide, et al., 1992, Geology of Presinian of northeastern Jiangxi Province Hankeng in Jiangxi Province Mesoproterozoic.

Hanlung Limestone (9) Xu Ruilin, 1937, Geological Review, 2(4): 366 Hanlong (Hanglung) in Wushui Gorge, Beijiang, Guangdong Province For limestone Late Devonian.

Hanmushan Group (9) No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongchang Sheet Hanmushan in Yongchang County, Gansu Province For a series of light metamorphic carbonate rocks and clastic rocks Sinian. Hannan Complex (“” ) Geographic name Hannan was Romanized by the French as Khannan by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology,

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing, Science Press, 522, chart 59 Hanna perhaps referring to south of Hanzhong County in Dabashan Mountain Area, Northern Sichuan Province For magma complex and sedimentary metamorphic rocks Presinian. Hanoorpa Basalt i.e. Han Jo P’a Basalt. Hanpoling Formation (9) Hanpoling Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-654 Hanpoling in Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province For coal series Late Carboniferous Synonym: Hanwangmiao Formation; Homonym: Hanpoling Limestone. Hanpoling Limestone (9) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-654 Hanpoling in Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Hanpoling Formation; Synonym: Hanwangmiao Limestone. Hanshou Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 257. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Hunan Petroleum Geology Team Hanshou in southwest of Yuanjiang River, Hunan Province For underground strata of alternating beds of reddish brown, particoloured mudstone and grayish white dolomitic mudstone Eocene. Hantiereke Formation (7) Hanjia Formation No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Ex-

planatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Bulunkou-Qiaerlong area, Western Kunlun Mountain Hantiereke in Aketao County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For black limestone, muddy limestone and dolomite, with a few calcareous sandstones Early Carboniferous. Hanting Formation (8 ) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Taian, Xintai Sheet. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Ai Xiansen Hanting, northeast of Lingezhuang, Penglai City, Shandong Province For yellowish white fine-grained sandstone, silt or yellow clayey silt Holocene. Ha’nuo’aobao Formation ( ) Li Wenguo, 1991, in Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of

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China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 137 Ha’nuo’aobao in Dong Ujimqin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For yellowish green silty slate and tuffite Early-Mid Devonian. Hanwangmiao Formation (9) Hanwangmiao Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku Imp. Univ., (13): 1-84 Hanwangmiao, southeast of Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province For a coal-bearing series Late Carboniferous Synonymous

with Hanpoling Formation; Homonymous with Hanwangmiao Limestone. Hanwangmiao Limestone (9)

Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku Imp. Univ., (13): 1-84 Hanwangmiao, southeast of Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Synonymous with Hanpoling Limestone; Homonym:

Hanwangmiao Formation.

Hanwula Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Hanwula in Daotenuoersumu, Dong Ujimqin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For tuffite tuffaceous siltstone, tuffaceous graywacke and tuffaceois slate, with interbeds of limestone Early Ordovician Hanwula Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostrti-

graphic meaning.

Hanxinzhai Group (9) Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lushan Sheet Hanxinzhai in Nanshao County, Henan Province For coal-bearing strata Late Triassic.

Hanyang Limestone () Yu Jianzhang, Guo Hongjun, 1948, Contr. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (8): 176 Hanyang County, Hubei Province For limestone Early Permian.

Hanyangpu Formation () Chen Chuzhen et al., 1964, Bull. Nanjing Inst. Geol. Palaeont., (1) Hanyangpu in Jiange County, Sichuan Province For rhythmic beds of purplish red conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Early Cretaceous.

Hanyuan Formation (9) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 21 Hanyuan in Jietian Township, Dexing County, Jiangxi Province For phyllite, slate and schist, with interbeds of volcanic rocks Mesoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hanzhen Formation (: ) Li Zhiming, 1982, Earth Science, (1): 35-47 Hanzhen in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Early Devonian. Hanzhuang Formation (9 ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet Hanzhuang in Chengliu Township, Jiyuan County, Henan Province For alternating beds of lateritic red quartzose sandstone and purplish red shales Late Jurassic. Haobiru Formation (;) Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hariaoribuge Sheet, Alxa Zuo Banner Sheet Haobiru in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous. Haodouzakuo’er Group (<9) Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 156 Haodouzakuo’er located at the south side of Xiqingshan, Qinghai Province For alternating beds of greenish gray calcareous slate and quartzose sandstone with interbeds of limestone, with muddy and dolomitic limestone in the upper part Early Triassic. Haofang Conglomerate (=) Wang C C, Lee Y Y, 1938, Geology of the Yangchiatun Coal Field, West of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (31): 39-56 The Haofang village close to Yangchiatun, West Hill of Beijing Municipality For conglomerate Late Carboniferous. Haojiabaozi Formation (=) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jilin City Sheet Haojiabaozi in Jilin Province Early Cretaceous. Haojiagou Formation (=) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological publishing House Haojiagou in Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of yellowish green sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone, with interbeds of coal seams Late Triassic. Haojiatai Member (=) Haojiatai Formation Xia Zhengkai, Zhang Yun, Chen Tiemei, 1993, Science in China, 23(8): 874-879 Haojiatai in Yangyuan County, Hebei Province For a interval of strata belongs to the middle time of Pleistocene Epoch within the Nihowan

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Beds Pleistocene Haojiatai Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Haojiatun Formation (=) No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1988, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shuangyashan Sheet Haojiatun in Baoqing County, Heilongjiang Province For acidic lava and volcanic clastic rocks, with few of clastics Late Triassic.

Haolishan Formation ( ) Kaolishan Limestone, Kaoli Limestone, Gaolishan Limestone (Sun Y C, 1924, in Grabau A W, 1923–1924, 515) Sun Y C, 1924, Contribution to the Cambrian Fauna of North China, ser.B, vol.1, fasc.4, 1-110 Haolishan (misread as Kaolishan by Sun Y C) in Taian County, Shandong Province For limestone Late

Cambrian.

Haoping Formation ( ) Yang Jialu, 1988, Earth Science, 13(5): 473-480 Haoping in Junxian County, Hubei Province For limestone Mid Cambrian.

Haoteluowa Formation (<!) No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Aikengdelesite Sheet Haoteluowa in the upper reaches of Nuomuhong River, Dulan County, Qinghai Province For limestone with interbeds of sandstone and quartz andesite Late Carboniferous.

Haoting Formation ( ) Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaoyi Sheet, Xingtai Sheet Haoting in Jingxing County A component formation within the Gantaohe Group, for slate, dolomite, metamorphic basalt, with interbeds of metamorphic conglomerate Palaeo proterozoic.

Haoxian Formation (;) Lei Yizhen et al., 1992, Tertiary and Quaternary, in Wang Xiaofeng, Ma Daquan,

Jiang Dahai ed., 1992, Geology of Hainan Island, (1) Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Haoxian in Hainan Province Paleocene. Haozidian Formation ( ) Liu Hongyun et al., 1991, Sinian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 99. First

appeared in a 1987 manuscript by Xian Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources

Haodianzi close to linjiang, Longnan County, Gansu Province For grayish black muddy siltstone with interbeds of slate and dolomite, with siliceous beds Sinian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Haozituo Group (>) Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaoyi Sheet, Xiangfeng Sheet Haozituo in Dingzhai, Xianfeng County, Hubei Province For dolomite Late Cambrian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Haozizhai Formation (>) Zhou Xiyun, Zhai Zhiqiang, Xian Siyuan, 1981, Oil & Gas Geology, 2(2): 123140 Haozizhai close to Wengxiang, 15 km northeast of Kaili County, Guizhou Province For fine-gained sandstone, siltstone and muddy siltstone Early Silurian. Haratologay Group (&) First appeared in Gu Zhiwei, 1962, Jurassic and Cretaceous Systems of China,

Beijing: Science Press, Correlation Table of Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, 6667, VIII column Halatuoluogai (Haratologay) in Xilin Gol League or Ulanqab League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Cretaceous. Harr Obo Formation () Harr Obo Clay Andersson J G, 1923, Essays on the Cenozoic of North China, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (3): 47, 48 Ha’er’ebo (Harr Obo) close to the

village of Gongweizi, 4 km east of Dehua County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For brownish red, brownish yellow sandy clay and fine-grained sands Neogene. Hasafen Group (,) Yang Zunyi et al., 1983, Triassic of Southern Qilian Mountain, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Hasafen in Qinghai Province Mid Triassic. Hashiha’er Formation () Qian Jiaqi, Gong Baojun, 1986, Gansu Geology, (4) Hashiha’er in Subei County, Gansu Province For gray, grayish purple, grayish green, and black sandy slate and siltstone with interbeds of sandy limestone, quartzose sandstone and conglomerate lenticle Neoproterozoic. Hateho Formation () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing, Science Press, 133, chart 31. First appeared in a manuscript by Li Pu & Yuan Qilin Hade River (Hateho) in Alxa Area, Gansu Province For limestone with interbeds of purple mudstone, crystalline limestone with interbeds of green schist, quartz schist, black carbonaceous and siliceous limestone Precambrian. Hati Group () i.e. Ahati Group.

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Hawula Formation () Compiling Group for Ningxia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological publishing House Hawula in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For gneiss and migmatite with interbeds of marble Archean-Palaeoproterozoic. Haxionggoukou Diamictite () Haxionggoukou Tillite Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory Text for 1:1 500 000 Scale Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 21 Haxionggoukou in Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray gravel beds Pleistocene. Hazhu Formation () Gansu Bureau of Geology and Minreal Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 144. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Gansu Regional Dynamic Geological Survey Team Hazhu close to Quershan, Subei County, Gansu Province Mid Devonian. Hebei Member () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 365. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Nan Yi Hebei in Changba, Qujiang County, Guangdong Province A member within the Xiahuangkeng Formation, for black carbonaceous shale, a few fine-grained quartzose sandstones, and black siliceous rocks Early Ordovician. Hebi Formation ( ) No.1 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Handan Sheet. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by North China Petroleum Geology Team Hebi County, Henan Province The middle subdivision within the original Hebiji Conglomerate, for irregular alternating beds of gray conglomerate, red, yellow, green clay stone, marls and gravel-bearing sandstone Miocene Hebi Formation should not be seen as the procedure of revision of Hopeitsi Conglomerate, but one of three subdivisions (Zhangwu Formation, Hebi Formation, and Luwangfen Formation). So, the author of Hebi Formation is not Wang Yu, 1935, but No.1 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974. It is to say that the Hebi Formation is unequaled to the Hopeitsi Conglomerate. It is not right to make a decision that two units being merged into one without investigation of stratigraphical nomenclature [as in “Stratigraphy(Lithostratic) of Henan Province”, 1997, 179]. Hebiancun Formation () North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, Tianjin, 136. First appeared in

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

a manuscript by Bai Jin The Hebian village close to Dongye County, Shanxi Province For purple slate with interbeds of quartzite and marble Proterozoic. Hebukehe Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuerhe Sheet Hebukehe in Western Junggar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of dark green, dark gray, purplish gray, yellowish green sandy limestone, calcareous marls and siltstone Early Carboniferous. Hebukesai’er Formation ( ) Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Zhu Shida, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tuosite Sheet Hebukesai’er in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For calcareous siltstone and sandy limestone Early

Devonian.

Hecun Formation () Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Rongjiang Sheet Hecun village in Damiaoshan Mountain, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For alternating beds of light gray, grayish green metamorphic sandstone, sericite sandstone and chlorite phyllite Mesoproterozoic. Hedao Member ( ) Qin Hongbin, Huang Yanzhou, 1960, Bulletin of Chengdu College of Geology, (1) The Hedao village in Yayang Township, Huishui County, Guizhou Province For light yellow quartzose sandstone, black carbonaceous shale, yellowish brown shale, with interbeds of yellowish gray thin-bedded quartzose sandstone and black, white flint beds Early Carboniferous. Hedi Formation (B) Zhou Mingzhen, Li Chuankui, Zhang Yuping, 1973, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 11(2): 165-181 Heti, 20 km west of Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province For purplish red,

grayish brown, grayish green mudstone, sandy mudstone and sandstone, included Yuli Member, Zhaojialing Member and Xitan Member Eocene.

Hedi Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8 Hedi in Cangshan District, Dali County, Yunnan Province A component formation within the Tsang Shan Group, for leptynite, migmatite, gneiss, with interbeds of marble Palaeoproterozoic. He’ermaori Formation () Fu Lipu, Hu Yunxu, Zhang Zifu, Wang Shixi, 1993, Geological Sciences of Northwest China, 14(2) He’ermaori close to Gongwusu, Wuhai City, Inner Mongolia

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Autonomous Region The basal formation of the original Gongwusu Formation, for 33 m thickness of grayish green shales Mid Ordovician. Hefei Group (") Hefei Series Gu Zhiwei, 1962, Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 52. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Li Yuyao Hefei City, Anhui Province For red beds Early Cretaceous.

Hefeng Formation (&) Xu Hankui, 1991, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 30(3): 307-336 Hefeng in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the local marine sediments with Endophyllum zhifangense Cai Mid Devonian Hefeng Formation is

the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Hegenshan Group ($ )

Xie Tonglun, 1980, Geology of Inner Mongolia, (2) Hegenshan in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For ophiolite Devonian Homonym: Hegenshan Formation.

Hegenshan Formation ($ ) Tao Minghua, Zhu Yuheng, Zheng Guoguang, Zou Weizhi, Li Yanxia, 2000,

Stratigraphical Sequence of Jurassic in Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, in Editorial Committee of the Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphic Conference of China, 2000, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphic Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 203-207 Hegenshan in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For tuffite, tuffaceous mudstone and sandstone Late Jurassic Homonymous with Hegenshan Group.

Heibeizi Formation (C) Tong Zhifang, Xie Guisheng, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Longzhen Sheet Heibeizi in Heilongjiang Province Carboniferous.

Heichashan Group ( ) Heichashan Quartzite Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Ex-

planatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Shen Qihan Heichashan in Xingxian County, Shanxi Province For conglomerate and quartzite Palaeo proterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Heichengtzu Formation ()

Heichengtzu Series Morita G, Sakaguchi S, 1939, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 46(555) Heichengzi ( Heichengtzu) in Beipiao County, Liaoning Province For volcanic rocks with coal and oil shales Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous.

380

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Heicigou Group () Song Shuhe, 1959, Acta Geologica Sinica, 39(2): 135-146 Heicigou in Tianzhu County, Gansu Province For black lava, tuffite, dark green basalt, andesite, with interbeds of green tuffaceous sandstone, black siliceous rocks and limestone Mid Cambrian. Heidianxia Formation ( ) Haidianshan Group Huang Zhenhui, 1963, Contribution to Acaedmic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-site Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Heidianxia in the upper reaches of Taohe River, 33 km south of Lintao County, Gansu Province For green sandstone and conglomerate, with interbeds of shale and coal seams Late Carboniferous. Heidong Speleothem ( ) Heidong Accumulation Pei Wenzhong, 1965, Mem. Inst. Vert. Palaeont. Palaeoant., Academia Sinica, ser.A, (7) Heidong in Shuiniushan, north of Na-

longtun, Zhenglong Township, Daxin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For speleothem Pleistocene.

Heidouya Member (7) Wu Tieshan, Zhang Juxing, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Heidouya in Shanxi Province Archean. Heifeng Formation () Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Wang Lixin Heifeng in Qixian County, Shanxi Province Late Jurassic. Heigou Formation (1) ( 1) Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 32. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.2 Shaanxi Regional Geomechanics Survey Team Heigou in Shaanxi Province Neoproterozoic Homonym: Heigou Formation (2). Heigou Formation (2) ( 2) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources ed. 1992, Palaeontological Atlas of Jilin, China, Changchun: Jilin Science and Technology Press, 5 Heiguo(zi) in Tonghua City, Jilin Province For the upper member of the Heigouzi Formation Early Cambrian Homonymous with Heigou Formation (1). Heigougang Formation () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral

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Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 204 Heigougang close to Laohushan, Youyan County, Liaoning Province For slate, schist and metamorphic conglomerate Early Permian. Heigouling Formation () Jilin Institute of Geology, 1991, Jilin Geology, (4) Heigouling in Jilin Province Proterozoic.

Heigouzi Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 86. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Tonghua Geology Team Heigouzi, 25 km northeast of Tonghua City, Jilin Province For purplish red, grayish purple, yellow brown cellophane sandstone and conglomerate, phosphorite-bearing, gravel-bearing siltstone, silty shale, mudstone and stromatolite limestone Cambrian. Heihe Formation () Li Pu, 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Heihe in Tibet Autonomous Region Jurassic-Cretaceous(?) Homonym: Heihe Gravel Beds. Heihe Gravel Beds () Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classification of Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qinghai Area, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, in Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 23-30 Heihe in Qilian County, Qinghai Province The upper part of Suancigou Formation, for grayish yellow, grayish white gravel interbeds of sands Pleistocene Homonymous with Heihe Formation. Heijianshan Formation () No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongliuyuan Sheet Heijianshan in Mazongshan Township, Subei Mongol Autonomous County, Gansu Province For black,

dark gray slate, siliceous rocks, quartzite, siltstone, siliceous limestone, sandy and carbonaceous shale Early Silurian.

Hei Kou Formation () Yuan P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol. 17, pl. I Hei Kou in Fuyuan District, Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Pleistocene. Heilinpu Formation ( ) Chiungchussu Formation Luo Huilin, Jiang Zhiwen, Tang Liangdong, 1994, Stereotype Section for Establishment of Stage of Lower Cambrian, China, Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press Heilinpu close to Kunming City,

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yunnan Province A new name to substitute Chiungchussu Formation Early Cambrian Synonymous with Chiungchussu Formation. Heilonggong Formation (6) Xia heilonggong Formation Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 100. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Zhu Songnian Heilonggong in Shangzhi City, Heilongjiang Province For grayish green, grayish yellow, grayish purple sandstone, conglomerate, slate and crystalline limestone Early Devonian. Hei Lung Tan Shale () Hei Lung Tan Schaefer Richthofen F Von, 1882, China, Bd. II, 311 Heilongtan

(Hei Lung Tan) located at north of Xiangshan, West Hills of Beijing Municipality

For schist Permian(?).

Heinishao Formation () Heinishao Limestone Misch P, 1946, Remarks on the tectonic history of Yunnan, with special reference to its relations to the type of the young organic deformation, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 25(1): 47-154 Heinishao, 14 km southwest of Heqing County, Yunnan Province For dark grayish green sandy shales and black leaf-like shales with interbeds of several thin-bedded gray fine-grained sandstone, with coal seams, with limestone in the lower part Late Permian. Heiqing Formation () Li Fuhan, 1988, Presinian System of Xikang-Yunnan area, Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House Heiqing in Sichuan Province Palaeo proterozoic. Heishan Conglomerate () Wang Jianzhang, 1963, in Contribution to Acaedmic Reports of National Strati-

graphic Conference: On-site Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Heishan in Gansu Province For conglomerate in the base of Choniukou Formation Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Heishan Formation (1). Heishan Formation (1) ( 1) Heishan Series T’an H C, 1926, Geology of the Pa-tao-hao Coal Field, Chaoyang District, Jehol, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (8): 20-29 Heishan County, Liaoning Province For coal series Cretaceous Homonym: Heishan Formation (2),

(3), Heishan Conglomerate, Heishan Limestone (1), (2).

Heishan Formation (2) ( 2) Ma Ziji, 1947, Recent Notes of Mining Survey, (82): 9, 11. First appeared in a 1944 manuscript by Onuki Y Heishan in Zibo County, Shandong Province For alternating beds of yellowish brown sandstone and yellowish brown, purple, green gray shales Carboniferous-Permian Homonymous with Heishan Formation (1).

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Heishan Formation (3) ( 3) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Hua Youren Heishan in Dongchuan District, Yunnan Province For dark gray, grayish black slate Proterozoic Synonymous with Taoyuan Slate. Heishan Limestone (1) ( 1) Lee J S, Chao Y T, 1926, Classification and Correlation of Paleozoic Formations in North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 5(2): 107-134 Heishan in Zibo County, Shandong Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Heishan Formation (1). Heishan Limestone (2) ( 2) Meng H M, 1947, in Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (17) Heishan in Dongchuan District, Yunnan Province For gray, grayish green thin-bedded to

thick-bedded limestone with interbeds of slate, and with hematite beds in the base

Sinian Homonymous with Heishan Limestone (1).

Heishanbei Formation () North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, Tianjin, 138. First appeared in a manuscript by Baijin Heishanbei in Wutai County, Shanxi Province For pink and grayish white massive quartzite Proterozoic. Heishangou Formation () Qinghai Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tuyaodong Sheet Heishangou in Golmud City, Qinghai Province For conglomerate, sandstone, and limestone Late Devonian Heishangou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Heishanguan Formation (.) You Wendeng, 1988, Geology of Shandong, 4(1) Heishanguan village in Wutu Town, Changle County, Shandong Province A component formation within the

Tumen Group, for quartzose sandstone, dark purple shale with interbeds of limestone Neoproterozoic.

Heishantou Basalt () Ding Guoyu, Gao Weimin, 1964, in Problems in Quaternary Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 151-166 Heishantou in Qihe, southwest of Tangyin County, Henan Province For basalt Quaternary Homonym: Heishantou Formation. Heishantou Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuxi Sheet Heishantou in Eshan County, Yunnan Province

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

For alternating beds of metamorphic quartzose sandstone, siltstone and slate Mid-Proterozoic Homonymous with Heishantou Basalt.

Heishanyao Formation () Compiling Group for Hebei and Tianjin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Re-

gional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province and Tianjin Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Heishanyao in Hebei Province Triassic.

Heishibeihu Formation () Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of

Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 251. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by Tibet Regional Geological Team Heishibeihu in northern Chabu District, Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For trachytite and basalt Pleistocene to Holocene. Heishidu Formation () Compiling Group for Anhui Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Anhui Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Yang Zhijian Heishidu in Huoshan County, Anhui Province For alternating beds of tuffaceous conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and shales Late Jurassic.

Heishihling Formation () Chang W Y, 1937, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Nanking, Academia Sinica, (6): 1, pls.13 Heishiling (Heishihling) in Fengtai County, Anhui Province For red, purple sandstone, shale, with interbeds of greenish gray sandy shales Early Cambrian.

Heishishan Formation () No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1998, Xinjiang Geology, 16(2) Heishishan, southeast of Hami, eastern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish green sandstone and dolomite Late Carbonif-

erous.

Heishitou Beds () Heishitou Diluvia Beds Guizhou Working Group of Stratigraphy and Palaeon-

tology, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Heishitou close to Caohai, Guizhou Province For the diluvia composed of yellow clay, red and parti-coloured sands, with crushed stones Pleistocene. Heishui Formation ( ) Heishui System Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.1, pt.1, 299317 Heishui River in Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Province Palaeozoic.

H

385

Heishuihe Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphical Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphical Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 135. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Yichang Institute of Geology Heishuihe in Shennongjia Forestry Area, Hubei Province A component formation of the Wuziping Group Proterozoic. Heitai Formation () Geographic name Heitai was Romanized as Kheitai by the French (LSI) Yabe H, 1940, Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo, vol.16 Heitai Station, 30 km southwest of Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of sandstone and shale, with crystalline limestone, green tuffaceou shale and sandstone Mid Devonian. Heitoujiang Formation () No.1 Shandong Geology Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet Heitoujiang in Shandong Province Early Cretaceous. Heitoushan Basalt () No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mishan County Sheet, Ji Dong County Sheet, Hulin County Sheet, Hulin Sheet, Xingkaihu Farm Sheet Heishantou in Heilongjiang Province For basalt Pliocene. Heituao Formation ()) Zhong Rui, Hao Yongxiang, 1990, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Sinian in Tarim Basin (1), Kuruktag, Nanjing: Nanjing University Press Heituao in Kuruktag District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Ordovician. Heituhu Formation () Mao Jiaheng, 1987, Quaternary of Shandong, 3(2) The Heituhu village in Mazhuang Township, Feixian County, Shandong Province For brownish red sandstone, conglomerate and yellow clay, with interbeds of black bog soil Pleistocene

or Holocene.

Heitupo Formation () Wang Yunshan et al., 1980, Quanji Group of Northern Margin of Qaidam Basin, in Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 214-230 Heitupo close to Quanji Mountain, Da Qaidam Town, Qinghai Province For yellowish green, light gray siltstone and shale Early Cambrian. Heiwaizi Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Longhai County Sheet Heiwaizi in Liuhe Basin,

386

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jilin Province For red beds composed of purple sandstone and conglomerate Cretaceous. Heiwan Member () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphical Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphical Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 135 Heiwan in Shennongjia Forestry Area, Hubei Province A member in Yulongting Formation of Shennongjia Group Proterozoic. Heiyanshan Formation () Chen T H, 1977, Proc. Geol. Soc. China, (20): 61-70 Heiyanshan, east of Tayuling, Southern Cross Mountain Highway, Taiwan Province Eocene.

Heiyantang Formation ( ) Heiyantang Coal Formation Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 218. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Xichang Geology Team Heiyantang in Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province For a series of coal-bearing strata Late Triassic Synonymous with Donggualing Formation. Heiyanwo Formation () Hou Hongfei, Wan Zhengquan, Xian Siyuan, 1988, Devonian Stratigraphy, Palaeontology and Sedimentary Facies, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Heiyanwo, east of Shawozi, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province For dolomite, dolomitic limestone, with interbeds of limestone, marls and shale Early Carboniferous Heiyanwo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic

meaning.

Heiyazhai Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi Sheet Heiyazhai in Xiaoshetou, Lanxian County, Shanxi Province For hornblendite with interbeds of quartzite and marble Archean.

Heizhanggou Formation () Lei Yizhen, Guan Shaozeng, Zhang Qingru, Sun Heying, 1987, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (5),Cretaceous, Tertiary Periods, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Heizhanggou in Fangxian County, Hubei Province For alternating beds of grayish brown conglomerate, brown calcareous siltstone and sandy mudstone Eocene. Heizuojiang Conglomerate () Guo W K, Yeh C T, 1942, Special Report on Department of Mineral Survey of Southwest China, (26) Heizuojiang in Qiaojia County, Yunnan Province For conglomerate Quaternary.

H

387

Hejiakouzi Formation ($) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 202 Hejiakouzi in Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For red mudstone with interbeds of sandstone and thin-bedded Gypsum Miocene. Hejian Formation () Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 522, 524 Hejian County, Hebei Province For yellowish gray, grayish yellow sandy clay Holocene.

Hejiazhai Formation (?) Wang Zejiu, 1963, Geological Review, 21(2):107. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang Yuelun Hejiazhai (a mistake of “Haojiazhai” Village), Foguang Township, Yanshi County, Henan Province For yellowish green, purplish red shales,

gray mudstone, with stromatolite limestone, dolomite, with interbeds of quartzose siltstone Neoproterozoic New name: Heyao Formation. Hejiazhai Member ($)

Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwest China, Beijing: Science Press Hejiazhai, 2.5 km north of Dushan County, Guizhou Province For the interval of carbonate rocks without the fossils of Stringocephalus and Cyrtospirifer within the upper part of the Jiwo Member of the original Dushan Formation Late Devonian Hejiazhai Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning; Homonymous with Hejiazhai Formation. Hekou Formation (@) Wang Mengzhou, 1979, in Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds of South China, Beijing: Science Press Hekou in Ninghua County, Fujian Province For purplish red, grayish green, and grayish black siltstone and shale Early Cretaceous.

Hekou Formation (1) ( 1) Zhang Yunxiang et al., 1958, Geologicl Monthly, (6) Hekou in Lima river, Huili County, Sichuan Province Presinian Homonym: Hekou Formation (2), (3), (4),

(5) and Hekou Member.

Hekou Formation (2) ( 2) Hekou Subgroup Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 66. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Yu Shoujun Hekou in southern Jiangxi Province For alternating beds of black thin-bedded flint and slate Cambrian Homonymous with Hekou Formation (1).

388

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hekou Formation (3) ( 3) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tiandong Sheet Hekou in Tianlin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Triassic Homonymous with Hekou Formation (1).

Hekou Formation (4) ( 4) Wang Mingsheng, Li Jiecai, Yu Jixian, Zhao Wendian, 1984, Henan Geology, 2(1):36-41 Hekou in Henan Province Early Palaeozoic Homonymous with Hekou Formation (1).

Hekou Formation (5) ( 5) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36),Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 286 Hekou town in Fuhui Township, Qianshan County, Jiangxi Province For red conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone, siltstone, and tuffite Late Cretaceous Homonymous with Hekou Formation (1).

Hekou Member () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multi-

ple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 70 Hekou in Hunjiang City, Jilin Province For purple siltstone, shale with interbeds of limestone Early Cambrian Homonymous with Hekou Formation (1). Helan Formation ($) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 222-334 Helan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For alternating beds of yellow, brown clay sands, gray fine-grained sands and gravel Pleistocene.

Helixi Formation (') No.327 Anhui Geology Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Desheng Sheet Helixi in Ningguo County, Anhui Province For grayish green, yellowish green siltstone, sandy shale and sandstone Silurian.

Helongshan Member () Helongshan Formation Guichi Team of Research on Stratigraphy of Anhui, 1965, Geology of East China, (7) Helongshan in Yinkeng, Guichi County, Anhui Province For light gray banded and thin-bedded argillaceous limestone with interbeds of gravitational calcarenite Early Triassic.

H

389

Heluositan Group (A ) Heluositan Series Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993,

Regional Geology of Xinjian Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15 Heluositan close to Tiekelike, Altun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For migmatite and migmatic gneiss Palaeoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification; Synonymous with Ayliankat Complex (elevski, 1947). He-mo Beds ( ) Horizon de He-mo Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1, 73 He-mo in Jianshui County, Yunnan Province For sandstone Devonian. Hemudu Formation () Lang Hongru, 1981, Holocene of Zhejiang, in Proceedings of Quaternary of Coastal Areas, China Hemudu in Yutao County, Zhejiang Province For gray,

dark gray silt and silty clay, brownish gray, blackish gray organic clay and peat Holocene. Hengchi Group (

)

Geographic name Hengchi was Romanized as Okei by the Japanese (LSI) Gan

S, 1940, Geology of the Sankyo District, Kaizan-gun, Taihoku Prefecture, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 11(3-4) Hengchi in Taipei County, Taiwan Province Consists mainly of white brittle, medium- or coarse-grained sandstone, with interbeds of thin-bedded shale, and divided into two parts: the upper coal-bearing beds and the Taiho coarse-grained sandstone beds, the former contains several coal seams, while the latter contains marine fossils Miocene. Hengchun Formation (B) Geographic name Hengchun was Romanized as Kosyun by the Japanese (LSI) Yabe H, Hazawa S, 1929, Jubilee Publication in Commemoration of Dr. Ogawa’s Sixtieth Birthday Hengchun in Pingtung County, Taiwan Province For shale, sandstone, alternating beds of shale and sandstone, and conglomerate Miocene Homonym: Hengchun Limestone, Hengchun Volcanics. Hengchun Limestone (B) Geographic name Hengchun was Romanized as Kosyun by the Japanese (LSI) Rokaku H, Makiyama T, 1934, Report on the Hengchun Oil Field, Kaohsiung Hengchun in Pingtung county, Taiwan Province For limestone Pleistocene Homonymous with Hengchun Formation. Hengchun Volcanics (B) Hengchun Ophiolite Supple J, 1988, Acta Geologica Taiwanica, 26: 1-18 Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan Province For metamorphic basic and acidic vol-

390

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

canic rocks, metamorphic diabase, metamorphic gabbros Miocene Homonymous with Hengchun Formation.

) Tao Hongxiang, Wang Quanqing, et al., 1993, History of Tectonic Evolution of Northern Margin of Yangtze Plate, Xi’an: Northwest University Press Hengdan in Gansu Province Proterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Hengdan Group (

) Wu Tieshan, Xu Chaolei, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet Hengjian in Shanxi Province Archean. Hengjian Formation (

) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Zhiyuan ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 154 Hengjing in Eryuan County, Yunnan Province For gray siliceous nodule or banded limestone, marls, breccia limestone and siliceous rocks Early Carboniferous. Hengjing Formation (

) Huang Zhenguo, Li Pingri, Zhang Zhongying, Li Konghong, Qiao Pengnian, 1982, Formation and Evolution of Zhujiang Delta: Guangzhou: Guangzhou Branch of Popular Science Press Henglan in Zhongshan County, Guangdong Province Dark gray siltstone, silt and clay Holocene Synonym: Zhongshan Formation. Henglan Formation (

Hengliang Group (

)

No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Minle Sheet Hengliang in Gansu Province Mid Silurian.

Henglinghe Formation (

)

Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology,

1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang District, Minle Sheet Henglinghe, i.e. Danjiang River, Danjiang County, Henan Province For dolomitic limestone Sinian.

) Geographic name Hengliuchi was Romanized as Oryukei by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K, 1935, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tungshih Sheet Hengliuchi, the branch stream of Tachiachi, east of Chuyunshan, Taichung County, Taiwan Province Composed of, in alternation, gray, medium- to finegrained hard sandstone and dark gray dense shale with laminar alternations of the same rocks Oligocene and Miocene.

Hengliuchi Formation (

H

Henglong Formation (

391

)

Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 158. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Henglong in Anfu County, Jiangxi Province For alternating beds of grayish white sandstone, fine-grained sandstone and shale Early Carboniferous. Hengluanshan Group (

&)

Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphical Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphical Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Hengluanshan in Gansu Province Early Ordovician. Hengluchong Formation (

)

Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43),Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 13 Hengluchong in Xikou, Zhijiang County, Hunan Province For conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone, with interbeds of slate Neoproterozoic. Henglutungmen Sandstone (

 )

Dongmen Sandstone (Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983) Lee Y Y, 1933, Contr. Nat. Res. Inst. Nanking, (3) Dongmen (Tungmen) in Wangyinpu of Henglu, north slope of Shuanjiaoshan, Wuning County, Jiangxi Province For

sandstone, grayish green, purplish red, grayish white quartzose sandstone with interbeds of sandstone-conglomerate Sinian Henglutungmen is the composite of two geographic names of different ranks.

Hengshan Formation (1) (  1) Hengshan Sandstone Wang C C, 1925, On the Stratigraphy of North Shensi, Bull. Soc. Geol. China, 4(1): 57-66 Hengshan in Shaanxi Province For red cross-bedded sandstone Late Jurassic Homonym: Hengshan Formation (2).

 2) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jiande Sheet Hengshan in Yanxia village, Shouchang Town, Jiande County, Zhejiang Province For red and purplish red sandstone and shale Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Hengshan Formation (1). Hengshan Formation (2) (

Hengshuitang Limestone ( ) Yin T H Lu C H, 1937 On the Ordovician & Silurian beds of Shihtien, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.16, 41-56 Hengshuitang in Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For limestone Ordovician.

392

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hengxian Member ( ) Pan Jiang, Wang Shitao, et al., 1978, Continental Devonian of South China, in Institute of Geology, Chiese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 249 Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray argillaceous limestone and purplish red silty mudstone Early Devonian. Hengyang Formation (C) Hengyang Red Beds, geographic name Hengyang was Romanized as Khenian by the French (LSI) Tien C C, et al., 1933, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (15): 29 Hengyang City, Hunan Province For two parts; lower red thick-bedded sandstone, occasionally with interbeds of conglomerate; upper red shale and sandstone Tertiary. Hengyankuang Formation (

)

No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Leibo Sheet Hengyankuang in Sichuan Province Early Triassic.

Hengyong Formation ( ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hukou Sheet Hengyong in Boyang County, Jiangxi Province For metamorphic tuffaceous sandstone, slate with interbeds of siltstone and carbonaceous slate Mesoproterozoic. Hepingxiang Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphical Scale, 1978, Regional

Stratigraphical Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.16 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Heping Township, 19 km south of Qingyi District, Jinggu County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of yellowish green, purplish red mudstone and sandstone Mid Jurassic. Hepu Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphical Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphical Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 73. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Hepu in Luotian County, Hubei Province A component formation within the Tapeishan Complex, for gneiss and horhblendite Archean. Hepu Formation ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Hepu County, Guangxi

H

393

Zhuang Autonomous Region For alternating beds of muddy siltstone and sandy shale Mid Silurian. Heqishui Formation ( ) Wang Genxian, 1996, Devonian Organic Reef of Hunan, in Fan Jiasong ed., 1996, Organic Reef and Oil-Gas of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 121 Heqishui in Xuefeng Mountain, Hunan Province For sylvite and marls Mid Devonian. Heshan Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 76. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Hu Rongmin who worked in Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Heshan close to Xiangyangjie, Dali County, Yunnan Province Early Ordovician. Heshangdong Formation () Heshangdong Cave Rock-shelter Deposits Bien M N, Chia L P, 1938, Cave & rock-shelter deposits in Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol. 18, 325-348 Heshangdong close to Tanglangchuan, 10 km southwest of Fumin County, Yunnan Province For cave rock-shelter deposits, yellow sands, limestone breccia beds, with interbeds of brown mudstone, with lime rock in the top Pleistocene. Heshangpu Formation ($) Wang Y L, Lee C H, Liu C, 1948, in Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (37) Heshangpu in Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For purplish red sandstone and mudstone Early Cretaceous.

Heshangzhen Group () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yu Guohua ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Zhejiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 21. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team Heshangzhen in Zhejiang Province For the sum of Luojiamen Formation, Hongchicun Formation and Shangshu Formation Neoproterozoic. Heshilafu Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphical Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphical Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Heshilafu in Shache County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, yellowish green, brownish red sandstone, black shale and purple limestone Early Carboniferous. Heshui Formation ( ) Heshui Member Zheng Jiajian, Tang Yingjun, Qiu Zhanxiang, Ye Xiangkui, 1973, Notes on the Upper Cretaceous, Lower Tertiary of the Nanhsiung Basin,

394

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

North Kwangtung, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 11(1): 18-30 Heshui in Xingning County, Guangdong Province A component formation within the Xingning Group, for conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone, sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone and copper-bearing sandstone Early Cretaceous. Hetang Formation (D ) Hetang Siliceous Shale and Bone Coal Lu Yanhao et al., 1955, Geological Knowledge, (2) The Hetang village in Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province For purple, gray, light gray and black siliceous shale and carbonaceous shale (popular name bone coal) Early Cambrian.

Hetaoping Formation (E') Yunnan Bureau of Geology, 1974, Fossils Atlas of Yunnan, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by Luo Huilin Hetaoping in Wayao, Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For banded mudstone, slate, with interbeds of dolomite, dolimitic limestone and marls Late Cambrian Homonym:

Hetaoping Subgroup.

Hetaoping Subgroup (E') Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Dong Weiping ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (52), Stratigraphy (Lithostraic) of Guizhou, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 17 Hetaoping in eastern foot of Fanjingshan Mountain, Guizhou Province For a subgroup of Fanjingshan Group, included Tongchang Formation, Guixi Formation and Dujiaotang Formation Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Hetaoping Formation. Hetaoshan Formation (E') Tong Zhifang, Xie Guisheng, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shuhetun Sheet Hetaoshan in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For volcanic effusive rock and lava Late Carboniferous.

Hetaowan Formation (E') Yao Zude, Ni Bingfang, 1990, The characteristics of Presinian metamorphic rocks

in the Huili-Miyi-Yanbian Area, Sichuan Provinces, and their age, Regional Geology of China, no.2 (serial no.33), 166-172 Hetaowan in Chahe Township, Huili County, Sichuan Province For schist with interbeds of breccia Palaeoproterozoic. Hetaoyuan Formation (E')

Lee C, Chu S, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (9): 72-76 Hetaoyuan in Liguanqiao, Xichuan County, Henan Province For parti-coloured

marls, mudstone, sandy mudstone, with interbeds of sands, gravel, oil-shale, with gypsum and rock-salt Eocene.

H

395

Hetong Formation (() Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Sanjiang Sheet The Hetong village in Danzhou, Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For black phyllite with interbeds of metamorphic sandstone Neoproterozoic.

Hetongshala Group (") Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mohe’er Sheet Hetongshala in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mid-Late Silurian.

Hewangjia Formation (?) Wangjiashan Formation Li Jijun et al., Science in China, D: Earth Sciences, 26(4): 316-322 Hewangjia in Linchuan County, Gansu Province For fluvial facies deposits Tertiary Hewangjia Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning; New name of Wangjia Formation.

Hewanjie Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Hewanjie in Xiahewan, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province For dolomite, dolomitic limestone with interbeds of limestone Early-Mid Triassic.

Heweitan Group ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphical Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphical Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Heweitan in Hetian County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone, sandstone and siliceous rocks Mid Triassic.

Hexi Conglomerate (1) ( 1) Hexi Conglomerate Beds Wang C C, 1929, Geology of Coal Field in Liaoning (Fengtien) and Kirin Provinces, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (13) Hexi in Jilin Province For conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone and coal seams Late Jurassic Synonym: Moshilazi Formation; Homonym: Hexi Conglomerate (2), Hexi Formation.

Hexi Conglomerate (2) ( 2) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 289 Hexi in Changbaishan Mountain Area, Jilin Province For yellowish brown sands, gravel, and brown sand beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Hexi Conglomerate (1).

396

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hexi Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 299 Hexi in Xichang City, Sichuan Province For dark gray siltstone, fine-grained sands beds, grayish yellow sands, gravel, and clay Holocene Homonymous with Hexi Conglomerate (1). Hexi Group ( ) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Regional Geological Survey of Zhejiang, (2) Hexi in Jingning She Autonomous County, Zhejiang Province For light metamorphic sandstone, marble, and quartzose sandstone Late Palaeozoic.

Hexian Formation ($) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Guangxi, (1) Hexian in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region A part strata belongs to Early Devonian within local Lienhuashan Formation, for parti-coloured muddy shale with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone Early Devonian Hexian Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Heyang Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaguan Sheet Heyang in Cangshan District, Yunnan Province For a formation of the Tsang Shan Group Proterozoic, Cambrian or

Ordovician.

Heyao Formation (?) Hejiazhai Shale, Limestone Member (Wang Zejiu, 1963) Ma Xingyuan, Suo

Shutian, Wen Lifeng, Wang Weixiang, 1975, Palaeostructure type of the Sinian System, Sungshan area, Honan Province, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1975(1): 3147 The Heyao village, 3 km southwest of Foguangyu, Yanshi County, Henan Province A component formation within the Wufoshan Group, for the interval of shale and limestone within the original Heyuanzhai Formation Sinian The type of Hejiazhai Shale, Limestone Member located close to Heyao, not Hejiazhai, then Ma Xingyuan et al. revised the Hejiazhai Formation as Heyao Formation.. Heyeba Formation (D) Du Dinghan, Zhou Zhijun, Wang Wuyuan, 1986, In Du Dinghan et al., 1986, Research on Devonian of Qinling-Dabashan Area, Shaanxi, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press, 22 Heyeba, south of Lveyang, Shaanxi Province For a interval of strata belongs to the time of coral fossils within the lower part of original Lveyang Limestone Mid Devonian Heyeba Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic or chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Heyunsi Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 260 Heyunsi in Heqing County, Yunnan Province Pleistocene. Heziao Member () Zhao Ziqiang, Xing Yusheng, Ding Qixiu, 1988, Sinian of Hubei, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Heziao in Hubei Province For the sum of the

top of the Tongying Formation and the basic part of the original Shihpai Shale

Early Cambrian Heziao Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with bios-

tratigraphic or chronostratigraphic meaning. Hinchai Conglomerate ()

Poudingue de base de Hin-tchai Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1, pt.1 Xinzhai (Hinchai) in Yunnan Province For conglomerate Late Carboniferous Homonym: Xinzhai Member.

Hitzushan Rhyolite () Zhou S S, Jiang A, 1953, Acta Geologica Sinica, 33(2): 149-172 Jizishan (Hitzushan) in Ling Township, southwest of Echeng County, Hubei Province For rhyolite Cretaceous.

Hoa-Keuou Shale ( ) Cakschisten de Hoa-Keuou Deprat J,1912, M´em. Ser. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1, pt.1, G´eologie G´enerale, 98 Huakou (Hoa-Keuou) in Mile County, Yunnan Province For shales Early Carboniferous.

Hoang-I-tien Formation (“” ) Gres et marines de Hoang-i-tien, Haojiedian Formation Deprat J, 1912, M´em, Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1 Huangyidian (Hoang-I-tien), 12 km east of Yiliang County, Yunnan Province For sandstone and marls Early Carboniferous.

Hochiakou Clay (?) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 406 Hejiagou (Hochiakou) close to Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province For black, sandy clay with lenticles of sand and patches of kaolin Quaternary.

Hoching Formation ( ) Misch P, 1946, On the discovery of Upper Permian (Lopingian) in West Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, (26): 65-82 Heqing County, Yunnan Province For black shale with interbeds of sandstone Triassic.

398

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hochow Formation () Hochow Limestone, Hochou Limestone Chu S, 1931, Annual General Report of Academia Sinica of 1929, Nanking, 158-160 Hezhou (Hochow or Hochou) (today Hexian) County, Anhui Province For thin-bedded argillaceous limestone becoming shaly towards the lower part. The limestone in the upper part are full of foraminifera Early Carboniferous. Hochung Formation () Hochung Series Grabau A W, 1928, Stratigraphy of China, pt.II, 333, 769 Heshun (Hochung) County, Shanxi Province For yellow or green shale with plants fossils Permian. Hoit Taria Formation () Yang Jingzhi, Sheng Jinzhang, Wu Wangshi, Lu Linhuang, 1962, The Carboniferous of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Mu Enzhi Hoit Taria Coal Mine, west of Delinha, Qinghai province For clastic rocks with interbeds of carbonate rocks and coal seams Early Carboniferous. Hokang Formation ( ) Hokang Series, geographic name Hokang was Romanized as Turuka by the Japanese (LSI) Morita G, 1941, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 48(570) Hokang Coal Mine, Heilongjiang Province For sandstone and coal seams, with conglomerate in the base, included Nanling Conglomerate and Shitouhe Formation Late Jurassic. Hokou Formation () Hokou Series Men Zhaoyi, Wang Shangwen, Situ Yuwang, Zhang Xiling, Du Bomin,Zhang Weiya, 1937, Mem. Petr. Geol., (1): 1-13 Hekou (Hokou), southeast of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province For purplish red mudstone with interbeds of sandstone Cretaceous. Holankou Formation () Imamura Z, 1940, Bull. Geol. Inst. Manchukuo, (100): 159-170 Helangou (Holankou) village in Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province Presinian.

Holanshan Group ($) Holanshan Series, geographic name Holanshan was Romanized as Holanchan and Khelanchan by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 269, chart 57. First appeared in a 1944 manuscript by Bien C H & Lee H H Helanshan Mountain, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For black siliceous limestone quartzite with interbeds of slate and phyllite Archean. Holung Formation () Holung Coal-bearing Series, geographic name Holung was Romanized as Waryu by the Japanese (LSI) Nisida S, 1940, Lungching, 1:150 000 Geological Map

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399

sheet and text Helong (Holung) County, Jilin Province For coal series Late Jurassic. Holungmen Formation () Geographic name Holungmen was Romanized as Kholounmyn by the Japanese (LSI) Yabe H, Sugiyama T, 1942, Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo, 18(8) Huolongmen (Holungmen) (today Huolinhe) in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of grayish black, green limestone, purple shale, phyllite, schist and hornfels Early Devonian. Holuo Formation () Holuo Coal Series Yoh S S, Chang K, 1929, Spec. Pub. Geol. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (10): 1-12 The geographic name Heluo is the composite form of the abbreviation for the “Hechi” and “Luocheng”, original Tianhe County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone and shale with interbeds of coal seams Early Carboniferous Synonymous with the Szumen Formation. Hong’an Group () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 71. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Hong’an in Huangpi County, Hubei Province For the sum of Tiantaishan Formation, Qijiaoshan Formation, Mopanzhai Formation and Ta’ergang Formation Proterozoic. Hongaobao Formation (! ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Hongaobao in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Carboniferous.

Hongchicun Formation (F) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhuji Sheet Hongchicun in Qiaotou, Xiaoshan County, Zhejiang Province For grayish purple, greenish gray, grayish green sandstone Neoproterozoic.

Hongchuan Formation (G) Sui Liancheng, Liu Diansheng, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xunke County Sheet, Changjiatun Sheet Hongchuan Station in Shangganling, Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province For green tuffaceous sandstone and conglomerate, breccia, slate with interbeds of limestone Mid Devonian. Hongfangou Limestone (0) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing:

400

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geological Publishing House, 153 Hongfangou in southeastern Shanxi Province For limestone beds within Yumengou Member of the local Taiyuan Formation Early Permian. Hongfanji Formation (!) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology,

1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale General Integrative Regional Geological Map of Neixiang District Hongfanji in Guangshan County, Henan Province For volcanic clastic rocks Early Cretaceous. Honggeda Formation (($) Zhao Fengyou, 1978, Acta Geologica Sinica, 52(2):139 Honggeda in Gansu Province Early Ordovician.

Hongge’ermiao Formation (!) Hou Hongfei, Xiang Liwen, Lai Caigen, Lin Baoyu, 1979, Advances in the

Palaeozoic Stratigraphy of Tianshan-Xingan Region, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(3):175-187. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Ding Yunjie & Tong Zhengxiang Hongge’ermiao in Abaga Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For arkose, pink shale with interbeds of limestone lenticle Late Devonian. Honggou Formation (!) Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 208. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Huang Youyuan Honggou in Xining Basin, Qinghai Province A component formation within the Xining Group, for brownish red mudstone, alternating beds of grayish green banded gypsum and brownish red mudstone Eocene Honggou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic or chronostratigraphic meaning. Hongguang Formation (#)

No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hualinzhen Sheet  Hongguang business spot in Hailin County, Heilongjiang Province For tuffite, phyllite, slate with interbeds of tuffaceous lava Neoproterozoic.

Hongguleleng Formation (!&) Joint Team of Stratigraphy of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team and

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tuosite Sheet Hongguleleng in Hezhu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone, tuffaceous coarse-grained sandstone and parti-coloured clastic rocks Late Devonian.

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401

Honghe Formation () Jia Lanpo, Zhang Yuping, et al., 1966, Cenozoic of Lantian, Shaanxi, in Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-site Meeting of Lantian Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Honghe close to Tongguan, Lantian County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of purplish red mudstone, sandy mudstone and fine-grained sandstone Eocene Homonym: Honghe Member.

Honghe Member () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 135. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Honghe in Shennongjia Foresty Area, Hubei Province The member within Tiechanghe Formation of Shennongjia Group Proterozoic Homonymous with Honghe Formation. Honghe Member (!)

Zhang Zengqi, Zhang Shufang, et al., 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Honghe in Wennan, Xintai City, Shandong Province For quartzose arkose, siltstone with interbeds of shale Mid Cambrian.

Honghuapu Formation ( ) Yang Zhichao, Liu Jian, Jin Lehai, 1984, Geology of Shaanxi, 2(5): 20-24. First

appeared in a 1978 manuscript by No.3 Geology Team of Shaanxi Bureau of Geology Honghuapu in Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province For rhythmic beds of gray, grayish green metamorphic siltstone and silty slate Early-Mid Ordovician. Honghuaqiao Formation ( )

Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing City Sheet Honghuaqiao Reservoir in Chuzhou City Anhui Province Late Jurassic.

Honghuatao Formation ( ) Lei Yizhen, Guan Shaozen, Zhang Qingru, Sun Quanying, 1987, Biostratigra-

phy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (4),Cretaceous-Tertiary Period, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Honghuatao in Yidu County, Hubei Province For brownish red gravelbearing sandstone and siltstone Early Cretaceous. Honghutuhe Formation (!) Tong Zhifang, Xie Guisheng, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shuhetun Sheet Honghutuhe in Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of volcanic breccia and sedimentary rocks Early Carbonif-

erous.

402

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hongjianshan Formation () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Hongjianshan in Gansu Province For a component formation within the Quershan Formation Mid Devonian.

Hong Kong Formation () Uglow W L, 1926, Geology and Mineral Resources of the Colony of Hongkong, Preliminary Report, Colonial Government, Hongkong, China Hong Kong Island, in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China For volcanic rocks Cretaceous.

Hongla Formation () Hongla Series Chang L H, 1943, Bull. Geol. Soc. Manchuria, (4-5): 3738 Da Hongshilazi village in Nanpiao, Jinxi County, Liaoning Province For purplish red to greenish gray sandstone, conglomerate Permian-Triassic.

Honglakong Member () Xiao Weimin, Wang Hongdi, Zhang Linxin, Dong Wenlan, 1986, Early Permian

Stratigraphy and Faunas in Southern Guizhou, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House 32 Honglakong located at the side of Highway from Langdai Town (originally county) to Sazhi Township, Liuzhi special district, Guizhou Province A component formation within the local Maokou Formation, for gray dolomitic limestone Early Permian. Hongliangou Formation (+) Hongliangou Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-654 Hongliangou, 3 km southeast of Niuxintai, Benxi County, Liao-ning Province For coal series Late Carboniferous Homonym: Hongliangou Lime-

stone.

Hongliangou Limestone (+) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-654 Hongliangou, 3 km southeast of Niuxintai, Benxi County, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Hongliangou Formation.

Honglin Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Ge-

ology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 20 Honglin in Yilin, Heilongjiang Province Modified from Xingdong Group, Sizishan Formation and Yadanhe Formation Palaeoproterozoic.

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Hongling Formation () Ma Xingyuan, Suo Shutian, Wen Lifeng, Wang Weixiang, 1975, Paleostruc-

ture type of the Sinian System, Sunshan area, Henan Province, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1975(1): 12-30 Hongling (or Hengling) in Foguangyu, Yanshi County, Henan Province For gray, purplish red stromatolite-bearing dolomitic limestone, with interbeds of siliceous granule, and with carbonaceous shale and siltstone in the base Sinian.

Honglingshan Formation () Du Yuansheng, Li Guancheng, Zhao Xiwen, 1988, Earth Science, 13(5) Honglingshan in Xihe County, Gansu Province For limestone with interbeds of slate Mid-Late Devonian. Honglishan Formation () Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China,

Beijing: Science Press, 10. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Tang Keyi et al. Honglishan in Fuhai County, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For red sandstone, mudstone and basal conglomerate Late Cretaceous. Hongliugou Formation (1) ( 1) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kalamaili Sheet. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Wang Jingbin Hongliugou close to Pingdingshan, Kalamaili district, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, grayish green fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, muddy and siliceous rocks with interbeds of limestone Late Silurian-Early Devonian Synonym: Taheierbasitao Formation; Homonym: Hongliugou Formation (2). Hongliugou Formation (2) ( 2) Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zongwei Sheet Hongliugou in Zhongning County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For tangerine clay, sands and mudstone, with interbeds of grayish white arkose and conglomerate lenticle Miocene Homonymous with Hongliugou Formation (1). Hongliuquan Formation ( ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bashikaogong Sheet Hongliuquan in Altun Mountain, Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For schist and quartzite Mesoproterozoic.

Hongliuxia Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongliuxia Sheet Hongliuxia in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mid Silurian.

404

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hongliuyuan Formation () No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongliuyuan Sheet Hongliuyuan in Anxi County, Gansu Province For clastic rocks with interbeds of carbonate rocks and volcanic rocks Early Carboniferous Synonym: Liuyuan Formation. Honglong Group (F) Honglong Limestone Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Lu Zongbin Honglong in southeastern Anhui Province For gray and black thick-bedded limestone with interbeds of black muddy slate Late Cambrian Homonymous with Qingkeng Formation. Hongluoxian Formation (F% ) Hongluoxian Coal-bearing Beds Matsuzawa I, 1935, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 42 (501): 340-341 Hongluoxian, north of Yangjiazhangzi, Liaoning Province For gray and black shale, sandstone and conglomerate, with interbeds of coal seams Late Carboniferous-Early Permian.

Hongmen Formation (H) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Hongmen close to Dongzhuang, Wutai County, Shanxi Province The formation in the middle of Taihuai Subgroup, for volcanic rocks, metamorphic chlorite schist, magnetite-bearing quartzite Archean. Hongni Member () Niu Jinrong et al., 1975, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Guangxi, (1): 4-13 Hongni close to Miaohuang, Xiangzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the upper member within the local Yuchiang Formation Early Devonian. Hongniwan Formation () No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qipanshan Sheet Hongniwan in Hebei Province Late Jurassic. Hongpo Formation () No.1 Element of Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Deqin Sheet Hongpo in Yunnan Province Late Triassic. Hongqi Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by No.217 Jilin Coal Field Team Hongqi in Taoan County, Jilin Province For dark gray siltstone, mudstone, with

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405

interbeds of sandstone and basal conglomerate, with coal seams in the middle part Early Jurassic Homonym: Hongqi Limestone. Hongqi Limestone ( ) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) The village of Hongqigou, north of Benxihu, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Hongqi Formation.

Hongqiang Member ( ) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 214 Hongqiang, close to Yungang, Datong City, Shanxi Province For alternating beds of dark purplish red sandstone and mudstone Mid Jurassic. Hongqiangping Formation ( ) Jin Chuntai, Ye Shaohua, 1989, Silurian Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Erlangshan area, Sichuan, Bull. Chengdu Inst. Geol. Min. Resour., (11) Hongqiangping in Erlangshan District, Sichuan Province Ordovician Hongqiangping For-

mation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic or chronostratigraphic meaning. Hongqiao Formation (F)

Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangsu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.1], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 100 Hongqiao in Jiangsu Province Early Cambrian. Hongqiao Member ()

Dong Zhizhong, 1987, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 26(4): 411-416 Hongqiao in Yunnan Province Carboniferous.

Hongqigou Shale ( ) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Hongqigou village, northwest of Benxihu, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For shale Late Carboniferous.

Hongqilafu Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Xinjiang Institute of Geology Hongqilafu located at the upper reaches of Tashikuergan River, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray limestone Late Jurassic.

406

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hongqin Formation (!) No.332 Geology Team of Anhui Bureau of Metallurgical Geology, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qimen, Tunxi Sheet Hongqin in Shexian County, Anhui Province For purplish red, parti-coloured sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate, with interbeds of andesite Mid Jurassic.

Hongqiyingzi Group ( ) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 17. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team Hongqiyingzi in Hebei Province For leptynite, mica schist, metamorphic conglomerate and quartzite Proterozoic.

Hongquan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Liang Jiande Hongquan in Yongchang City, Gansu Province For purplish red sandstone, gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone, conglomerate and sandstone with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone, shale and siliceous marls Permian. Hongshan Formation () Zhang Hairi, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jinshantun Sheet Hongshan in Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province For conglom-

erate, sandstone and slate, with carbonaceous and tuffaceous, occasionally volcanic rocks Late Permian. Hongshan Formation (1) (! 1) i.e. Hungshan Formation. Hongshan Formation (2) (! 2)

Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 98. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Hongshan in Dahongshan District, Hubei Province The middle formation of Huashan Group, for leptynite, gravel-bearing phyllite, quartzite, siliceous limestone and dolomite Proterozoic Homonymous with Hungshan Formation. Hongshan Formation (3) (! 3) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangrao Sheet Hongshan in Zhoutan Township, Yiyang County, Jiangxi Province For schist, quartzite, leptynite and marble Sinian Homonymous with Hungshan Formation.

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407

Hongshan Member () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology

of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Liu Zhenghuan Hongshan in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a component member within the Baiji Formation Late Jurassic. Hongshanbao Formation ( ) No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Golmud City Sheet Hongshanbao in Qinghai Province Jurassic.

Hongshandaban Formation () Sun Dongli, 2000, Chapter 2, Stratigraphy, (5) Devonian, in The Integrated Sci-

entific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Geological Evolution of the Karakoram-Kunlun Mountains, Beijing: Science Press, 34 Hongshandaban, south of Shuangdiandaban, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous Region For clastic rocks and carbonate rocks Early Devonian. Hongshankou Formation ()

Hongshankou Group Zhao Xiangsheng, Zou Xianghua, Zhang Ruilin, Niu Daoyun, Zhang Luyi, Wang Shuxi, 1984, Bull. Xi’an Inst. Geol. Mine. Resour., (8) 1-109 Hongshankou in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For parti-coloured gravel-bearing sandy slate, sandy limestone, marble and dolomite Sinian.

Hongshantou Formation () Hongshan Formation Mu Enzhi, Yin Jixiang, Wen Shixuan, Wang Yigang, Zhang Binggao, et al., 1973, Stratigraphy of the Mount Julmolungma region in southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1973(1):25-36; Wang Yigan, 1974, Ordovician and Silurian, in Scientific Expedition of Tibet, Academia Sinica, 1974, Reports of Scientific Expedition of the Mount Julmolungma Region (1966–1968), Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 24-47 revised as Hongshantou Formation Houshantou located at north side of Liangquan, between Yali and Jiacun on ChinaNepal Highway, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For brownish gray, brownish red silty shale with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone Late Ordovician.

Hongshanzui Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Rui Xingjian Hongshanzui, east of Altay Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks and volcanic clastic rocks Early Carboniferous.

408

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hongshaxi Formation ( ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 39. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Southeastern Sichuan Geology Team Hongshaxi in Xiushan County, Sichuan Province For a component formation within the local Panhsi Group Neoproterozoic. Hongshenggou Formation (!) No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Humazhen Sheet Hongshenggou in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of yellow and grayish black

thin-bedded limestone and sandy and muddy limestone, with interbeds of slate and siliceous slate Early Cambrian. Hongshishan Formation ()

Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Hongshishan in Shandong Province Pleistocene.

Hongshitou Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 48 Hongshitou in Wutai Mountain area, Shanxi Province For flint breccia Palaeo proterozoic. Hongshuichuan Formation (! ) No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kuairimaduo Sheet Hongshuichuan in Cangjiangou, Maduo County, Qinghai Province For clastic rocks with interbeds of acidic volcanic rocks Early-Mid Triassic.

Hongshuigou Formation (! ) Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.168 Shaanxi Coal Field Geology Team Hongshuigou in Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province For particoloured conglomerate Early Jurassic. Hongshuigou Formation (1) (  1) Hongshuigou Group Gu Zhiwei, 1962, Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 31. First appeared in a manuscript by Ministry of Geology and Petroleum Hongshuigou in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For a new subdivision belongs to the part of Cretaceous in original Caishiling Group Early Cretaceous Hongshuigou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with

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biostratigraphic or chronostratigraphic meaning; Homonym: Hongshuigou Formation (2). Hongshuigou Formation (2) (  2) Fu Lipu, Li Yaoxi, Song Lisheng, Wen Yuling, 1983, The Silurian of western Qinling, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(40):258-271 Hongshuigou in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province For grayish black slate and banded muddy limestone Late Silurian Homonymous with Hongshuigou Formation (1). When an author found a

homonym, he should publish a paper or in remarks column of the entry to propose the new name for the junior homonym, but it should not be immediatelyre placed as the entry (Hongshuigoukou Formation) in Stratigraphical Lexicon of China, Silurian System (1998, by Lin Baoyu, Zhu Ciying, 45). New name “Hongshuigoukou Formation” (2) is not recognized as valid. Hongshuiliang Group (! ) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 62 Hongshuiliang in northern Qilian Mountain Gansu Province For schist and gneiss Presinian.

Hongshuiquan Formation ( ) Yu Jianzhang et al., 1958, 1963, in Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of

Expedition of Heilongjiang River valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol.1, Beijing: Science Press, 32-52 Hongshuiquan located at the right side of Ergun River, west of Da Hinggan Mountain, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For sandstone and shale, with interbeds of limestone Early Carboniferous.

Hongsi Formation (!) Bai Jin, 1986, Geology of Early Precambrian of Wutai Mountain Area, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press Hongsi in Daixian County, Shanxi Province A component formation within the Gaofan Group, for quartzite Archean.

Hongta Formation () Lei Yizhen, Guan Shaozeng, Zhang Qingru, Sun Quanying, 1987, Biostratigra-

phy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (5), Cretaceous-Tertiary Peroid, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Hongta, south of Fangxian County, Hubei Province For brownish red huge conglomerate, breccia, with interbeds of sandstone, conglomerate, muddy sandstone and sandy mudstone Pliocene.

Hongtiegou Formation () Wang Yunshan, Zhuang Qingxing, Shi Congyan, Liu Jifang, Zheng Liangchi,

1980, Quanji Group in Northern Margin of Qiadam Basin, in North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 214-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

230 Hongtiegou in Quanji Mountain, Da Qaidam Town, Qinghai Province A component formation within the Qonj Group, for diamictite Early Cambrian. Hongtongshan Formation () Wu Genyao, 1985, Discovery of Nature, 4(2): 67-73 Hongtongshan in Sichuan Province A formation within the middle of Lixi Group, for marble Mesoproterozoic. Hongtoushan Formation ()) Hongtoushan Beds, Hongtoushan Member, Hongtoushan Subformation Shao

Jingbo, He Chisong, 1980, Probe into the preliminary establishing of Qingyuan Group and its geological significance, in Proceedings of Liaoning Institute of metallurgical Geology. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team Hongtoushan in Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province A component formation within the Anshan Group, for leptynite and amphibolites Archean. Hongtouyu Formation () Hongtouyu Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 114, chart 117 Hongtouyu in Taiwan Province For andesite, agglomerate, with interbeds of tuffite and limestone Oligocene. Hongtuling Formation () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.3 Petroleum Geological Survey Team of Minstry of Geology Hongtuling in Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For brownish red sandy mudstone Eocene. Hongtupo Formation (1) ( 1) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Hongtupo in Pingshan County, Hebei Province For leucogranulite, gneiss and marble Archean Homonym: Hongtupo Formation (2). Hongtupo Formation (2) ( 2) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songpan Sheet Hongtupo, 30 km southwest of Songpan County, Sichuan Province For purplish red, grayish white siltstone, purplish red, lateritic red sandstone and conglomerate Neogene Homonymous

with Hongtupo Formation (1).

Hongtupu Formation () Hongtupu Beds Wang Wenxian, 1986, A study on the development history of the Quaternary Deposits of the Lopnur Lake and its adjacent area, Quaternaria

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Sinica, 7(2): 75-86 Hongtupu close to the northern margin of Lopnur Lake, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For red mudstone, brownish red siltstone Neogene. Hongtuwa Formation () Wu Xiuyuan, Li Xingxue, Shen Guanglong, et al., 1987, New advance in the

study of Carboniferous rocks of Jingyuan, eastern Gansu, Journal of Stratigraphy, 11(3):163-178 Hongtuwa in Ciyao, Jingyuan County, Gansu Province The upper member of original Jingyuan Formation, for grayish black shale, with interbeds of limestone and coal seams Late Carboniferous Hongtuwa Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Hongtuwan Formation () Qu Xinguo, 1984, The Dalmanitina-bearing Shichengzi Formation of Gulang,

Gansu, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(2): 149-151 [This entry was introduced and published in a 1978 manuscript by Wang Jianzhong, but Qu Xinguo did not adopt it] The Hongtuwan well close to Shichengzi, Gulang County, Gansu Province For the Dalmanitina-bearing black carbonaceous shale and grayish yellow calcareous siltstone Late Ordovician Hongtuwan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Hongtuya Formation ()

Liu Mingwei, Luan Hengyan, Chi Peixing, Xu Lijun, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Hongtuya in Zhaowangzhuang Township, Laiyang City, Shandong Province For lateritic red, purplish red fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Late Cretaceous.

Hongweikeng Formation (

)

Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology

of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Guangdong Company of Coalfield Exploration Hongweikeng in Longguixu, Qujiang County, Guangdong Province For the lower formation of local Kenko Group, composed of sandstone, conglomerate, included Shezhu Member with interbeds of shale and coal seams, and the Niugudun Member with sandstone and shale Late Triassic. Hongxing Formation (!) Hongxing Rock Formation No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team,

1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangla Sheet

Hongxing Township in Songpan County, Sichuan Province For dolomite with intrbeds of sandy limestone, occasionally with lime-breccia Early Triassic.

412

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hongxingcheng Formation (!) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Li Weirong & Liu Maoqiang Hongxingcheng in Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province For sandstone with interbeds of calcareous sandstone and tuffaceous sandstone Mid Jurassic. Hongxiugou Formation (") No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xunke County, Changjiatun, Xinxing, Furao, and Baihualinchang 5 Sheets Hongxiugou in Heilongjiang Province Late Jurassic. Hongya Diamictite () Hongya Tillite Zhou Mulin, 1979, On “Hongya Ice Age”, Documents of 3rd Conference of Quaternary of China, 2, 3 Hongya village located at the left side of Huhe River, 14 km southeast of Huashaoying, Yangyuan County, Hebei Province For the diamictite composed of brownish red mud-gravel beds Pliocene Lately, Zhou himself refuted the tillite. Hongyan Limestone () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 42 Hongyan in Tongan District, Huili County, Sichuan Province For yellow, light gray siliceous limestone and alternating beds of black limestone and carbonaceous schist Presinian. Hongyanjing Formation ( ) No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Niujuanzi Sheet Hongyanjing in Mazongshan district, Subei County, Gansu Province For gray, grayish green and yellow carbonaceous shale, with interbeds of graywacke, conglomerate and siliceous marl lenticle Late Permian. Hongyansi Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangzhou Sheet Hongyansi in Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province For phyllite and thin-bedded limestone Early Carboniferous. Hongyanzi Formation () Jin Chuntai et al., 1989, Silurian Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Erlangshan district, Sichuan, Bull. Chengdu Inst. Geol. Mine. Resour., (11) Hongyanzi located at southern Erlangshan, western Sichuan Province For purplish red, green, grayish green silty mudstone with interbeds of coarse-grained sandstone Early Silurian.

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Hongyapo Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhaotong Sheet Hongyapo in Qingmen, Zhaotong County, Yunnan Province For purplish red, yellowish green siltstone, shale, sandy shale with interbeds of dolomitic limestone Mid Devonian. Hongyashan Formation () Wang Naiwen, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8): 29-40 Hongyashan close to Guiya, Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region For light red calc-algal limestone Late Cretaceous. Hongyazi Formation (1) ( 1) Hongya Formation No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Ex-

planatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bogelike Sheet, Nalinggele Sheet, Wutumeiren Sheet Hongyazi in Daha’erteng River valley, Wulan County, Western Qilian Mountain, Qinghai Province For the part of “Hongyazi Hipparion Fauna-bearing” red deposits within local original Baiyanghe Formation or Shulehe Formation Miocene Hongyazi Formation (1) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. When compiling a stratigraphical dictionary, it was not suitable to substitute the senior homonym “Hongyazi Formation” with “Hongya Formation” [Stratigraphical Lexicon of China, Tertiary System, 1999, 52 (by Chen Guanfang)]; Homonym: Hongyazi Formation (2). Hongyazi Formation (2) ( 2) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 287 The Hongyazi village in Boda Township, Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province For the conglomerate, breccia with interbeds of sandstone within the local so called Lijiang Formation Eocene-Oligocene Homonymous with Hongyazi Formation (1). Hongyeqiao Formation () Zhang Hairi, Liu Diansheng, 1993, in Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Min-

eral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 139 Hongyeqiao in Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province For volcanic rocks with interbeds of slate and limestone lenticle Early Permian. Hongzaoshan Formation ( ) Wang Yunshan, Zhuang Qingxing, Shi Congyan, Liu Jifang, Zheng Liangchi, 1980, Quanji Group in Northern Margin of Qiadam Basin, in North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 214230 Hongzaoshan, east of Hongtiegou in Quanjishan, southeast of Da Qiadam

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Town, Qiadam Basin, Qinghai Province For dolomite, with calcareous sandstone Sinian. Hongzixi Formation () No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1975, Features of bedded ultra-

basic rocks in Fanjingshan Region of Guizhou Province and preliminary discussion of their origin, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1975(4): 351-364 Hongzixi close to Lengjiaba, Songtao Miao Autonomous County, Guizhou Province For slate with interbeds of blast sandstone Neoproterozoic. Hopeitsi Formation ( ) Hopeitsi Conglomerate Wang Y et al., 1935, Research on Underground Water, (2): 20 Hebiji (Hopeitsi) in Tangyin County, Henan Province Hopeitsi Formation included three subdivisions: Zhangwu Formation, Hebi Formation, and Luwangfen Formation Miocene-Pleistocene See Hebi Formation. Horpatso Group ( ) Horpatso Series Norin E, 1946, The Sino-Swedish Expedition Publication 29,III, Geology, (7): 1-214, Stockholm Huoerpacuo (Horpatso) lake in northwestern Tibet Autonomous Region For sandstone, shale with interbeds of volcanic rocks Early Permian. Hoshan Sandstone ( ) Yamane S, 1924, Geol. Geogr. Jap. Jour. 13(3-4): 65-77 Huoshan (Hoshan) in Huoxian County, Shanxi Province For red quartzite like sandstone Early Cambrian Within the range of distribution, the geologic age of the Hoshan are varying

from place to place and displaying the diachronous feature evidently.

Hoshan Formation () Chang W Y, Chen C T, 1938, Brief Report Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (7) Heshan (Hoshan), northwest of Laibin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Composed of three parts: upper, dark gray thin-bedded or thick-bedded limestone; middle, black carbonaceous shale with interbeds of coal seams and thinbedded limestone; and lower, black thin-bedded shale with white microforaminifera fossils Late Permian. Hoshangpu Formation ($) Hoshangpu Coal Series Ho C S, 1946, Geological Review, 11(3/4): 171-198 Heshangpu (Hoshangpu), 4 km west of Aganzhen, 20 km south of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province For coal series Cretaceous. Hosin Formation () Hosin Limestone Cheng Y C Jen C Y, 1942, On the discovery of Pre-middle Devonian volcanic series in Eastern Sikang, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 22(3-4): 253262 Hexin (Hosin) in Shetang County, Sichuan Province For thin-bedded and massive limestone Mid Devonian.

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Hotaowan Formation (E') Juan V C, 1942, Geology of Paikuowan Coal Field, Huili, Sikiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (35) Hetaowan (Hotaowan), southeast of Baiguowan, Huili County, Sichuan Province A subdivision within the upper part of Paikuowan Coal Series,

for grayish green, yellow sandstone, green shale, with interbeds of conglomerate Late Triassic. Hotou Formation () Hotou Coal Series Wu Rukang, 1960, Vertebrata Palasiatica 2(1): 39. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by XiongYongxian Hetou (Hotou) close to Xiaolongtan, Kaiyuan County, Yunnan Province For coal series Pliocene.

Houba Formation () Ganxi Formation Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yanhe Sheet Houba in Ganxi, Yanhe County, Guizhou Province For dolomite Late Cambrian The New

name of Ganxi Formation.

Houbaiyinbulang Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Houbaiyinbulang in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Miocene.

Houchang Limestone (I) Zhang Zhenghua, Wang Zhihua, Li Quanchang, 1988, Permian Stratigraphy of Southern Huizhou Province, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House Houchang in Ziyun County, Guizhou Province For Fusulina-bearing limestone, in-

cluded 3 chronostratigraphic subdivisions with the forms of lithostratigraphic name, but without lithostratigraphic meaning: Sidazhai Formation, Wujiaping Formation, and Houziguan Limestone Late Carboniferous-Late Permian. Houcheng Formation () Compiling Group for Beijing Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1977, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Beijing Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Chen Jinbiao Houcheng in Chicheng County, Hebei Province Mid Jurassic. Hou’ershan Formation (I ) Hou’ershan Member Zhang Mingfa et al., 1963, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dushan Sheet Hou’ershan in Dushan County, Guizhou Province For sandstone and limestone Early Devonian.

Houfanchuang Formation ( ) i.e. Fanchuang Formation.

416

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Houfulongshan Formation () Zhang Wu, Dong Guoyi, 1982, The Triassic of Liaoning, Journal of Stratigraphy, 6(1): 20-23 Fulongshan in Shaguotun, Nanpiao County, Liaoning Province For the gray sandstone, muddy siltstone, yellow gravel-bearing sandstone and sandstone below the yellow conglomerate within local original Hongla Formation Mid Triassic Houfulongshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Houhe Formation () Houhe Complex Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.2 Shaanxi Geology Team Houhe in Beiba, Nanzheng County, Shaanxi Province A component formation within the Original Huotiya Group, for volcanic rocks Mesoproterozoic. Houho Formation (I) Houho Series Li C, Chu S, 1930, Geology of the southern slope of the central part of Tsinling Range, Chihkan, Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (9) The estuary of Houhe (Houho) in Baihe County, Shaanxi Province For gray slate with interbeds of carbonaceous shale Jurassic. Houhuangdi Sandstone ( ) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) The village of Houhuangdi in Tianshifugou Coal Field, Benxi County, Liaoning Province For sandstone Late

Carboniferous.

Houjiashan Formation (I) Houjiashan Series Xu Jiawei, 1956, Bulletin of Hefei College of Mining Industry, (1) Houjiashan, southeast of Fengtai County, Anhui Province For the sum of Fengtai Conglomerate, Yutaishan Shale and Baiheshan Beds Early Cambrian. Houjiatang Formation (J ) Zhang Quanzhong, Jiao Shiding, 1982, Advances of Research on Silurian inTangshan District, Nanjing, Bulletin of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, 3(2) Houjiatang in Tangshan, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For the lower part of the Fentou Formation Early Silurian Houjiatang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Houjiatun Formation (J) Houjiatun Red Siltstone Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hailong County Sheet Houjiatun in Dashatan, Liuhe County, Jilin Province For purple, yellowish green muddy siltstone with interbeds of coal seams Late Jurassic.

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Houkou Limestone () Houkoutsun Limestone Wang C C, Chao Y T, Tien C C, 1924, Stratigraphy of Lincheng Coal Field, Chihli Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6): 67-82 The village Hougou (Houkou), 10 km northwest of Yancheng County, Hebei Province For limestone Late Carboniferous.

Houkoutsun Limestone () i.e. Houkou Limestone. Houkuang Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaomi, Qingdao and Lingshan Sheet Houkuang in Hexiguo Township, Jiaozhou City, Shandong Province For the rhyolitic tuff in the base of Qingshan Group Early Cretaceous. Houlangmiao Formation () Houlangmiao Coal Series Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & Southern Kansu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (19) Houlangmiao in Tianshui County, Gansu Province For coal series Cretaceous. Houlaomiao Formation () Houlaomiao Group Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 236. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Xu Fuxiang Houlaomiao in Tianshui County, Gansu Province For alternating beds of gray, dark gray siltstone and fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of conglomerate Late Triassic. Houldjin Formation ( ) Geographic name Houldjin was Romanized as Khoutszin by the French (LSI) Granger W, Berkey C P, 1922, Amer. Mus. Novit., (42): 4 Huerjing (Houldjin) cliff close to Yilundabasu, Erenhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For yellow gravel and sands Oligocene. Houlung Group () Houlungchi Sandstone Ando S, 1930, On the Geology of the Byoritsu Oilfield of Taiwan, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, vol.37, supplement to no.447 Houlongxi (Houlungchi) River in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province The name of the Houlung Group was used as a substitute for the Houlungchi Sandstone coined by Omura I in 1928. The group crops out typically along the river bank of Houlungchi in Miaoli County. The author divided the Houlung Group into six parts: Fuchi Sandstone, White Sandstone formation, Laoman Sandstone, Talu Shale, Peiliao Sandstone, and Chuhuangkeng Sandstone in descending order Miocene Synonymous with Houlungchi Sandstone.

418

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Houlungchi Sandstone ( ) Houlungchi Sandstone Beds Omura I, 1928, Chikyu, 9(6) Houlongxi (Houlungchi) River in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For bluish gray sandstone with interbeds of shale Miocene Synonym: Houlung Group. Houmazong Formation ( ) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 70-71. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Wu Tieshan & Xu Chaolei Houmazong close to Luanshi village, Wangshi Township, north of Lancheng Town, Lanxian County, Shanxi Province For a component formation within the Lanhe Group, composed of conglomerate, quartzite, phyllite and dolomite Palaeoproterozoic Houmazong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with cyclostratigraphic meaning. Houping Formation (K) Cheng Hanjun, Wang Mingzhou, Chen Xiangrong, Xu Dongan, Chen Shue, 1988, Research on Ordovician of Dabashan Mountain, Bulletin of Xi’an College of Geology, 10(1) Houping in northeastern Sichuan Province For alternating beds of thin-medium-thick bedded limestone and sandy shale Early Ordovician. Houshancun Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14),Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 76 Houshancun village in Wenxi County, Shanxi Province A component formation within the base of Tungkuangyu Group, for quartzite Archean. Houshihkou Formation (I) Houshihkou Conglomerate Wang H S, 1929, Geology and Mineral Resources

of Mo-ling & Mi-shan Districts, Kirin Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (13): 2531 Houshigou (Houshihkou) in Muleng Coal Mine, Heilongjiang Province For conglomerate Cretaceous.

Housi Limestone () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 152 Housi in southeastern Shanxi Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Housuo Formation ( ) No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guiyang Sheet Housuo in Wudang District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For the Mu enzhi’s “Lower Gaozhaitian Group”, grayish green,

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yellowish green calcareous clay stone with interbeds of lateritic red clay stone, occasionally with interbeds of marl, siltstone and limestone-gravel Early Silurian. Houtang Formation (I ) Houtang Limestone Formation Zhang Wentang, 1962, The Ordovician of China,

Beijing: Science Press, 96. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Yang Jingzhi et al Houtang, north of Sandu County, Guizhou Province For gray and blue medium thick-bedded limestone Early Ordovician. Houxia Diamictite () Houxia Till Zhou Renqing, 1994, in Cheng Yuqi ed., 1994, Concise Regional Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 44, table 1-4 Houxia in

Daxigou valley, northern slope of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For breccia beds composed of clay and sands Pleistocene. Houyaokou Formation () Houyaokou Coal Series Zhang Yujun, Wei Shoukun, 1939, Geological Review, 4(2): 109-122 Houyaogou (Houyaokou) in Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province For coal series Jurassic.

Houzhen Formation (J) Li Jingrong, Hou Jinli, Yao Yimin, Xiang Weida, 1989, Chinese Science Bulletin,34(24): 1 882-1 884 Houzhen in Shouguang County, Shandong Province For brownish gray mudstone with interbeds of sandstone, dark purple and grayish green, dark gray basalt with interbeds of purplish red mudstone and carbonaceous mudstone Paleocene.

Houzhu Formation () Yao Qingyuan, He Zhaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary Study on the Quaternary Strati-

graphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 77-83 Houzhu village, Huangshi Town, Putian County, Fujian Province For dark ooze beds Holocene.

Houziguan Limestone (I) Wang Yu, Sheng Jinzhang, Chen Chuzhen, Lu Linhuang, 1963, Proceedings of

Science Conference of Stratigraphy of Southern Guizhou, Beijing: Science Press

Houziguan, 2 km northwest of Zisong Town, Ziyun County, Guizhou Province For limestone Late Carboniferous-Early Permian.

Hoyuanchai Formation (?!) Hoyuanchai Limestone Sun Y C, 1947, Geological Review, 12(1,2): 73-84  Heyuanzhai (Hoyuanchai) in Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For limestone Mid-Late Devonian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hsanda Gol Formation (% ) Hsanda Gol Formation=Shanda Gol Formation Berkey C P, Granger W, 1923, Amer. Mus. Novit., (77): 8 Xiandagaolu (Hsanda Gol) located at the north foot of Baga Bogado Hill, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For red clay and light yellow sands Oligocene Synonym: St. Jacques Formation. Hsiachiang Formation ( ) Hsiachiang Series Wang Y L, 1938, Report of Mineral Resources of Eastern Kueichow, Preliminary Report of Geological Survey, Ministry of Economics, (9) Xiajiang (Hsiachiang) in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province For light metamorphic sandy shale, tuffaceous sandstone, tuffite and limestone Neoproterozoic Homonym: Xiajiang Formation. Hsiachiao Member ( ) Hsiachiao Coal Series Hsieh C Y, 1947, Recent Notes on Mineral Resources Survey, (76): 4 Xiaqiao (Hsiachiao), 9 km southwest of Jiawang, Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province For gray, grayish green, parti-coloured shale, grayish white, grayish green, grayish yellow sandstone, gray sandy shale and coal seams Late

Permian.

Hsiachuang Formation (

) Hsiachuang Series Hsieh C Y, 1933, Notes on the geology of ChangsintienTuoli area, Southwest of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 12(3/4): 513-532 Xiazhuang (Hsiachuang) west of Changxindian, Western Hills, Beijing Municipality Cretaceous. Hsiakuan Phyllite ( ) Hsiakuan Phyllite and Quartzite Mo C S, 1944, Supplement to The Earth, First Issue, 64 Xiaguan(Hsiakuan) in Dali County, Yunnan Province For phyllite and quartzite Presinian. Hsialikuan Sandstone ( & ) Tomita Y, 1935, The minor thrust and intraformational corrugation in the middle

stream of Tsengwen chi, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 6(9): 4. First appeared in a 1935 manuscript by Lin C C Hsialikuan valley close to Tuching, Tainan County, Taiwan Province For sandstone Miocene. Hsiamaling Formation ( ) Hsiamaling Shale Yih L F, 1920, Geology of His-shan or Western Hills of Peking, Mem. Geo. Surv. China, ser. A,(1) Xiamaling (Hsiamaling) village, close to Xigou of Qingbaikou village, Mentougou District, Beijing Municipality For black, dark gray shale Neoproterozoic. Hsiangchi Formation () Hsiangchi Coal-bearing Sandstone Series, geographic name Hsiangchi was Romanized as Siantsi by the French (LSI) Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv.

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Japan, 25(1): 71-74 Xiangxi (Hsiangchi) in Zigui County, Hubei Province For yellowish white quartzose sandstone in the upper, brownish yellow coarse-grained sandstone or conglomerate in the middle and green shale with interbeds of sandstone in the lower, with coal seams Late Triassic-Early Jurassic. Hsianghsiang Group () Hsianghsiang Series Tien C C, Wang H C, 1932, Report of Geological Survey of Hunan, (13), Economic Geology, fasc.10, 7-27 Xiangxiang (Hsianghsiang) County, Hunan Province For the sum of Shihtengtze Formation, Tseshui Formation and Tsemenchiao Limestone Early Carboniferous. Hsianghsien Group ( ) Tien C C, 1938, Geological Review, 3(4): 355-404 Xiangxian (Hsianghsien) County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Devonian. Hsiangshan Formation () Geographic name Hsiangshan was Romanized as Kozan by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K, Yoshida K, 1931, Report on the Geology of the Oil Field of Miaoli and Hsinchu Hsiangshan village in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province PliocenePleistocene Homonym: Xiangshan Group, Xiangshan Formation. Hsiangshui Marl ( ) Wang C C, Lu C H, 1940, Geology of the Coal Field Niaoke, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Xiangshui (Hsiangshui) close to Buzhaoba, Kaiyuan County, Yunnan Province For marls Pleistocene. Hsiangshuiszu Group ( ) Hsiangshuiszu Formation Matsushita S, 1930, Jubilee Publication in Commemoration of Dr. Ogawa T’s Sixtieth Birthday, 519-539 Xiangshuisi (Hsiangshuiszu) close to Jinzhou, Liaoning Province Archean. Hsiangyang Formation () Hsiangyang Sandstone Sun Y C, 1946, The Sino-Burmese geosynclines of early Palaeozoic time with special reference to its extent & character, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 25(1): 1-8 Xiangyang (Hsiangyang) in Dali County, Yunnan Province For grayish white quartzose sandstone with interbeds of black, gray, sandy slate, with conglomerate occasionally Early Ordovician Homonym: Xiangyang Formation. Hsiangyen Group (") Ooe Z, 1931, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Ritozan Sheet Hsiangyen in Taiwan Province Eocene. Hsiangyun Formation () Hsiangyun Coal Series Hsieh C Y, 1942, Geology and Miner Resources of Hsiangyun, Binchuan, Mido and Munghua, Yunnan, Temporary Report of Depart-

422

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

ment of Mineral Resources Survey of Southwest China, no.19 Xiangyun (Hsiangyun) County, Yunnan Province For coal-bearing strata Early Triassic. Hsiaochiangkou Formation ( ) Hsiaochiangkou Coal Series Liu K C, 1940, Temporary Report of Geological Survey of Hunan, (23) Xiaojiangkou (Hsiaochiangkou) in Xupu County, Hunan Province For purple, yellowish green shale with interbeds of red sandstone, yellow sandy shale, with interbeds of sandstone and coal seams Jurassic.

Hsiaochiangpien Formation ( ) Hsiaochiangpien Limestone, Hsiaochiang Limestone Wang C C, 1920, On the

Geology & coal resources of the District of Chi-an, An-fu and Yung hsin in Kiangsi Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (2) Xiaojiangbian (Hsiaochiangpien) in Jiangxi Province For augen limestone Early Permian.

Hsiaochiho Formation ( ) Ting V K, 1947, Report of Geological Survey, Nanjing, National Geological Survey of China Xiaojihe (Hsiaochiho) in Yunnan Province.

Hsiaofangshen Formation ( ) Hsiao-Fang-shen Series Murakami H, 1922, Geology of Anshan Iron Mine District, South Manchuria, South Manchuria Railway (S.M.R.) Co., Ta-lien Xiaofangshen (Hsiaofangshen)in Anshan City, Liaoning Province Cambrian.

Hsiaofuho Member (#7) Hsiaofuho Formation Onuki Y, 1944, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 51(605) Xiaofuhe (Hsiaofuho) in Zibo City, Shandong Province Permian.

Hsiaohokou Formation ( ) Hsiaohokou Series Hsu T Y, 1944, Geological Review, 9(1/2): 25 Xiaohegou

(Hsiaohokou) close to Banan (today Wanlan), 20 km west of Zhenfeng County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of sandstone and shale Late Triassic Synonym: Zhenfeng Group. Hsiaohopa Formation ( ) Hsiaohopa Series Chang L C, 1933, Bull. Inst. Geol. Acad. Western China, (1): 29 Xiaoheba (Xiaohopa), 30 km southeast of Nanchuan County, Sichuan Province For grayish green, yellowish green siltstone with interbeds of thin biolimestone Early Silurian.

Hsiaohsiangling Formation ( ) Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Atlas for the Geology of Szechuan Province & Eastern Sikang, sheet 23 Xiaoxiangling (Hsiaohsiangling) Range, 20 km southwest of Yuexi County, Sichuan Province For rhyolite Devonian.

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Hsiaohsissu Limestone () Siaochisze Limestone Yu C C, Shu W P, 1929, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (8): 45 Xiaoxisi (Hsiaohsissu) between Xiangyang County and Nanzhang County, Hubei Province For alternating beds of limestone, sandstone and flintbearing limestone, with flint nodule-bearing thin-bedded limestone in line in the lower part Early Ordovician Synonym: Siaochisze Formation. Hsiaoling Formation ( ) Hsiaoling Volcanics Wang Yu, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(2): 136 Xiaoling area, north of Taizihe, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For yellowish green rhyolite, andesite and light blue tuffite Cretaceous Homonym: Xiaoling Formation. Hsiaomei Formation ( ) Yoshida K, 1935, Report on the Geology of the Hsiaomei Oil Field, Tainan Hsiaomei Town (Meishan) in Chiayi County, Taiwan Province For alternat-

ing beds of fine- to medium-grained, loose sandstone and muddy or sandy shale, the sandstone contains occasionally thin conglomerate layers with rounded pebbles Pliocene-Pleistocene. Hsiaonanchuan Formation ( ) Hsiaonanchuan Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphical Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 20, chart 53 Xiaonanchuan in Qinghai Province For grayish green phyllite, grayish white marble, green sandstone, black thin limestone, with green sandstone, grayish green slate, grayish white marble, quartzose sandstone, purplish green phyllite and thick-bedded conglomerate in the lower part Early Paleozoic. Hsiaopatu Formation ( ) Hsiaopatu Series Song Shuhe, 1947, Geological Review, 12(3/4): 234 Xiaobatu

(Hsiaopatu) in Wenquan County, Tianshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

For quartz conglomerate beds with interbeds of slate Early Carboniferous.

Hsiaopeiling Conglomerate ( ) Sun C C, 1934, Geology of Suiyuan & Southwest Chahar, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (12): 38 Xiaobeiling (Hsiaopeiling), north of Guanjinggou, close to Anbei County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For conglomerate Jurassic. Hsiaoping Formation ( ) Hsiaoping Series, Hsiaoping Coal Series Heim A K, Krejci Graf, Lee Chengsen 1930, Geology of Canton, in Spe. Publ. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (7): 1-29, with 1 Geological Map, 10 Plates, and 12 Text Figs. Xiaoping (Hsiaoping) station, 10 km north of Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province For a series of gray quartzites, with black shales in the lower part Early Jurassic  Homonym: Xiaoping Formation.

424

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hsiaopuchi Formation ( ) Wang H C, 1939, Papers in Commemoration of the Fortieth Anniversary of National Peking University Xiaopuji (Hsiaopuchi) village, close to Kunming City, Yunnan Province For red beds Jurassic. Hsiaoshan Formation ( ) Hsiaoshan Sandstone Hsu J L, 1938, Geological Review, 3(5): 497-506 Xiao-

shan (Hsiaoshan) village, 40 km southwest of Xiuren County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For quartzose sandstone Mid Devonian. Hsiaoshih Formation ( )

Hsiaoshih Series, Geographic name Hsiaoshih was Romanized as Syosis by the Japanese (LSI) Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku Imp. Univ., (13) Xiaoshi (Hsiaoshih), east of Benxi City, Liaoning Province For limestone, sandstone, shale with interbeds of coal seams Late Carboniferous Homonym

with the same name and subordinate relationship: Hsiaoshih Limestone. Hsiaoshih Limestone ( )

Sheng Jinzhang, 1958, Palaeontologia Sinica, New ser.B, (7): 1-53 Xiaoshi (Hsiaoshih) east of Benxi City, Liaoning Province For a bed of purplish gray limestone within the bottom of the Hsiaoshih Formation Late Carboniferous Homo-

nym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Hsiaoshih Formation.

Hsiaosongshan Complex ( ) Hsiaosungshan Complex Body Huang Shaoxian, Du Hengjian, Lu Zhenxing, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4):163-184 Xiaosongshan (Hsiaosongshan) in Huoshuote Banner, Alza, northwest of Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For plutonic metamorphic rocks Archean Homonym: Hsiaosongshan Limestone. Hsiaosongshan Limestone ( ) Huang Shaoxian, Du Hengjian, Lu Zhenxing, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 163-184 Xiaosongshan (Hsiaosongshan) in Huoshuote Banner, Alxa, northwest of Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For limestone Early Ordovician Homonymous with Hsiaosongshan Complex. Hsiaotingshan Formation ( ) Hsiaotingshan Series Yang Zhijian, 1958, Acta Geologica Sinica, 38(4): 473 Xiaodingshan (Hsiaotingshan) close to Baoan, Fangcheng County, Henan Province For the sum of Sanjiaotang Formation and Luoyukou Formation Sinian. Hsiaowuli Formation (

) Chu T H, Sun H H, 1924, Preliminary Report of Geological Survey of Chekiang, (1) Xiaowuli in Zhejiang Province For sandstone, conglomerate, phyllite and limestone, with coal seams Early Carboniferous.

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425

Hsiaowushih Limestone ( ) Chen K T, 1949, Geological Review, 14(1/3): 67 Xiaowushi (Hsiaowushih) in Huaxian County, Guangdong Province For limestone Early Carboniferous A slip of the pen for Tawushih Formation. Hsiaoyenchi Formation ( $) Hsiaoyenchi Slate Wang C H, Bien H T, 1949, Predevonian Stratigraphy of the middle reaches of Tsichiang River of Western Hunan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 29(1/4): 63-74 Xiaoyanxi (Hsiaoyenchi), northwest of Anping of Lingjiang, Anhua County, Hunan Province For black siliceous slate Cambrian.

Hsiaoyu Limestone ( ) Lee J S, Chao Y T, 1926, Classification and Correlation of Palaeozoic Coalbearing Formations in North. China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 5(2): 107-134 Xiaoyu (Hsiaoyu) valley in Shunzishan, northwest of Benxi City, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Hsiapingchou Dolomite ( ) Kobayashi T, 1933, Faunal study of the Wanwanian (Basal Ordovician) Series

with special notes on the Ribeiridae and the Ellesmereoceroids, Jour. Fac. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, sec.II, vol.3, pt.7, 249-328 Xiapingzhou (Hsiapingchou) close to Niuxintai, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For Dolomite Early Ordovician Synonymous with Sanshantzu Dolomite. Hsiashan Sandstone ( ) Hsiashan Series Chen K T, Liu H S, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (6): 8 Xiashan (Hsiashan) Xu, close to Sanmentan, 30 km southwest of Yudu County, Jiangxi Province For quartzite, phyllite and quartz conglomerate, with a bed of limestone in the upper part Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous Synonymous

with Lienhuashan sandstone.

Hsiassu Limestone ( ) Hsiassu Flint Limestone Yoh S S, 1929, Geological Reconnaissance of South Kueichou, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (12): 14 Xiasi (Hsiassu), south of Dushan County, Guizhou Province For flint limestone Early Carboniferous. Hsiasu Loam ( ) Sia Shu Series Lee J S, Chu S, 1932, in A geological guide to the Lungtan District, Nanking, 13, Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica Xiashu (Hsiasu or Sia Shu) town, 50 km northeast of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For light yellow fine sandy clay Quaternary. Hsiawanpu Formation ( ) Hsiawanpu Series Cao K J, 1947, Recent Notes on Mineral Resources Survey, (73): 5 Xiawanpu (Hsiawanpu), 7.5 km southwest of Xiangxiang County, Hu-

426

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

nan Province For grayish black, yellow, gray mudstone, shale, with interbeds of mudstone, oil shale and 4 beds of marls lenticle Eocene. Hsiayaopo Formation ( ) Wang C C, Chi Y S, 1933, The Coal Field of Mentoukou, West of Peking, Bull. Geol. Soc. China., 12(4): 399-412 Xiayaopo (Hsiayaopo) in Mentoukou, Western Hills, Bejing Municipality For coal series Jurassic.

Hsichih Group () Chang L S, 1953, Geologic Map of Taiwan, Geological Survey of Taiwan Hsichih in Taipei County, Taiwan Province For the sum of Kiirun Group and Sinten Group Miocene. Hsichuan Clay ( ) Teilhard de Chardin P, Young C C, 1935, The Late Cenozoic Formations of Southeast Shansi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 12(2): 207-248 Xichuan County, Henan Province For red clay Cenozoic. Hsichung Formation See Hsitsun Formation. Hsiehchingssu Formation (%)) Hsieh C Y, Liu C C, 1927, Geology and Mineral Resources of Southwest Hupei, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (9) Xiejingsi (Hsiehchingssu) in Yidu County, Hubei Province For parti-coloured shale and sandstone, with interbeds of iron nodule, with carbonaceous shale in the top Late Devonian. Hsiehhushan Group () Lin C C, 1948, Geological Review, 13(1/2): 151 Shehushan (Hsiehhushan) in Liaoning Province For limestone, sandstone and shale Proterozoic. Hsiehtao Limestone Member (& ) Hsiehtao Limestone Norin E. 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 37 Xiedao (Hsiehtao) village, close to Dongdayao in Yuemengou valley, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For limestone Early Permian. Hsiehwa Formation (') Hsiewa Grayish Green Sandstone and Shale Series Cao S L, 1933, Report of Geological Survey of Henan, (2) Xiewa (Hsiehwa) in Neixiang County, Henan Province For light metamorphic grayish green sandstone and shale Silurian(?). Hsienchingnong Formation ( ) Chang W Y ed. (translator), 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhenfeng Book Co. First appeared in a manuscript by Lee C et al. Xianqingnong (Hsienchingnong), 20 km northwest of Jiangshan City, Zhejiang

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427

Province For dark gray thick limestone, with quartzite in the bottom Late Carboniferous. Hsienfeng Formation ( ) Hsienfeng Series Chen K T, Liu H S, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (2) Xianfeng (Hsienfeng) mountain, 10 km northeast of Maodian, Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province Mid Ordovician.

Hsienfeng Limestone (&) Liu C Y, 1951, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 31(1/4) Xianfeng (Hsienfeng) County, Hubei Province For limestone Cambrian.

Hsienhuashan Formation ( ) Hsienhuashan Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 441 Xianhuashan (Hsienhuashan) in Gansu Province For red-

dish and yellowish quartzose sandstone, containing plant fossils in the basal part

Permian to Triassic.

Hsienjenchieh Formation () Hsienjenchieh Series Wang H C, Liu T Y, 1936, Mem. Geol. Surv. Hunan, ser.B, (1): 49 Xianrenjie (Hsienjenchieh), south of Taoyuan County, Hunan Province Sinian.

Hsienlinpu Formation ( ) Shu W P, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res Inst. Geol. Nanking, (10): 93 Xianlinbu (Hsienlinpu), 8 km southeast of Yuhang County, Zhejiang Province Mid Ordovi-

cian.

Hsienshuiho Formation ( ) Hsienshuiho Series Young C C, Bien M N, 1937, Cenozoic Geology of the

Kaolan-Yungteng area of Central Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 16(3/4): 221260 Xianshuihe (Hsienshuiho) in Yongdeng County, Gansu Province For alternating beds of yellow sandy mudstone and light yellow conglomeratic sandstone Miocene. Hsienutung Formation ( ) Pan C H,Feng K C, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2) Xiannvdong (Hsienutung) close to Nanjiang, Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For oolitic limestone with interbeds of calcareous sandstone and breccia limestone Early Cam-

brian.

Hsierh Formation (1) Hsierh Beds, geographic name was Romanized as Sieul Beds by French (LSI) Mansuy H, 1912, Mem. Serv. Geol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fas.1, pt.2, Paleontoloque Xier (Hsierh) in Yunnan Province Mid Devonian.

428

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hsiho Formation () Hsiho Series, geographic name Hsiho was Romanized as Saiga by the Japanese (LSI) Aoji O, 1928, Proc. Imp. Acad. Japan, 4(10): 603-606 Xihe (Hsiho) between Qiaotou and Nanfen, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For the sum of Chiaotou Quartzite, Nanfen Shale and Tiaoyutai Quartzite Proterozoic.

Hsihsia Limestone () Hsihsia Kalkstein, Chihsia Limestone (Grabau A W, 1923–1924), Chihsia Formation (Lee J S, 1930) The term was introduced by Richthofen F von (1912, China,

bd.III, 727, fig.99), who vaguely applied it to a thick sequence of limestone (Frech F, 1911, in Richthofen’s China, bd.V, 61, first appeared in a manuscript by Richthofen F von) Hsihsia Limestone was found in a small hill, Qixiashan (Hsi-hsia-shan, or Single Tree Hill), some 20 km east of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Lee J S, Chu S (1930, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.9, 37-43) applied the term Chihsia Formation to include three limestones, named Huanglung Limestone, Chuanshan Limestone and Chinglung Limestone. Afterwards, Lee J S (1931, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.10, 273-290) abandoned his former usage of the term and definitely redefined it as a formation beginning from his “lower lydite” and ending at his “upper lydite”. The vague original name defined a series of limestone between two sets of clastic rocks (lower Wutung Quartzite and present Lungtan Formation), for dark gray thick chert limestone, with irregular chert bodies (after Richthofen F von’s “profil durch den Hsi-hsia-shan and the Wu-kung-shan”, 727, fig.99). It seems to correspond to the sum of the present Hochow Limestone, Laohudong Dolomite, Hunglung Limestone, Chuanshan Limestone, Zhenjiang Limestone and the part of overlaid “lower lydite to upper lydite” (i.e. Lee J S’s Chihsia Limestone, 1931) Early Carboniferous-Early Permian Roger J, the President of the Sub-commission on the Lexique (1964, LSI, vol.III, Asie, fasc.1, Republique Populaire Chinoise, I, 278-284) did not know the story of who, when, where and in which reference the Hsihsia Limestone was published and come to be what it was today. He explained the distribution and the characters of the Hsihsia Limestone in ten provinces covering Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi and Hunan in South China, hardly ever did he think of those of the naming locality Hsihsiashan some 20 km east of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province. Lee J S (1931, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.10, 273-290) abandoned his former usage of the term and redefined it as a limestone beginning from his “lower lydite” and ending at his “upper lydite” in Chuanshan Section. This Chihsia Formation (Lee J S, 1931) can not be correlated with the Hsihsia Kalkstein (Richthofen F von, 1912) in Qixiashan Section. Lee J S ’s Chihsia Limestone in Chuanshan Section is not the Hsihsia Kalkstein but a “teratoma” of it. It is homonymous with the Hsihsia Limestone. Homonym: Qixia Basalt. Hsihsiangchih Formation i.e. Sisiangchih Formation.

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Hsikang Group i.e. Sikang Group. Hsikou Formation () Hsikou Limestone and Shale Wang S W, 1930, Mining and Metallurgy, 4(13) Xikou (Hsikou) village, 20 km west of Yongan County, Fujian Province For parti-coloured shale with interbeds of limestone, with sandstone occasionally Early

Triassic.

Hsikuangshan Group ( ) Hsikuangshan Series Tien C C, Wang H C, Guo S Y, 1929, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (3) Xikuangshan (Hsikuangshan) in Xinhua County (today Lengshuijiang City), Hunan Province The sum (lately classified) of Changlongjie Shale,

Hsikuangshan Limestone (or Tuzitang Limestone), Nitangli Beds and Magunao Limestone, for limestone, sandy shale and quartzose sandstone Late Devonian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Hsikuangshan Limestone. Hsikuangshan Limestone ( ) Tien C C, 1938, Palaeontologia Sinica, New Ser.B, no.4 (serial no.113) Xikuang-

shan (Hsikuangshan) in Xinhua County(today Lengshuijiang City), Hunan Province

For limestone Late Devonian Homonym with the same name and subordinate

relationship: Hsikuangshan Group.

Hsimatan Formation () Hsimatan Sandstone Liu Zhiyuan, 1948, Bull. Nat. Inst. Geol., Academia Sinica, (7) Ximatan (Hsimatan), outside the north gate of old city, Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For brownish yellow, grayish white coarse-grained quartzose sandstone and black carbonaceous shale Late Triassic.

Hsimatang Formation ( ) Hsimatang Shale Yin T H, 1937, Yehlangian, upper Permian or lower Triassic, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 17(3/4): 289-302 Ximatang (Hsimatang), 6 km west of Xinnongzhuang village, Qiubei County, Yunnan Province For green, yellow, yellowish green shale, sandy shale with interbeds of gray limestone Early Triassic.

Hsinaobao Formation ( ) Hsinaobao Sands and Gravel Formation, The Hsinaobao Sands and Gravel Formation was Romanized as Graviers de Sinaobao by the French (LSI) Editorial

Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 79, chart 18 Xinaobao (Hsinaobao) in Daqingshan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For brownish gray gravel beds with interbeds of coarse-grained sands Pleistocene.

430

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hsinchan Sandstone ( ) Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Geosci. Depart. Inst. Liberal Arts, National Chekiang Univ., (1): 41 Xinzhan (Hsinchan) in Tongzi County, Guizhou Province For sandstone Jurassic.

Hsinchie Formation ( ) Hsinchie volcanics Wang C H, Kong C K, 1942, Report of Geology and Mineral Resources between Yunan Hsien and Mengyong along the railway form Yunnan to Burma, Department of Mineral Resources of Commission on Resources, no.14 Xinjie (Hsinchie) in Nasaba, Yunxian County, Yunnan Province For volcanic rocks Pliocene-Pleistocene.

Hsinchou Loess (() Willis B, 1907, Research in China, vol.I Xinzhou (Hsinchou) in Shanxi Province For loess Pleistocene.

Hsinchoukai Limestone ( ) Lee J S, Chao K K, Chang W Y, 1941, Stratigraphic Tables of Kwangsi, Insti-

tute of Geology, Academia Sinica. First appeared in a 1940 manuscript by Chang K, Yang C C & Wu L P Xinzhoujie (Ksinchoukai), close to Dachang, 25 km southeast of Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Early Carboniferous. Hsinchu Formation ()

Ksinchu Series, geographic name Ksinchu was Romanized as Sintiku by the Japanese (LSI) Ishikawa Y, 1929, The stratigraphy of the coalfields of Taiwan, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, 36(429) Hsinchu in Taiwan Province The rock components composed mainly of medium- to coarse-grained sandstone, locally conglomerate and shale Miocene-Pliocene.

Hsinchuang Formation ( ) Hsinchuang Purple Shale and Conglomerate Series Hsieh C Y, 1933, Notes

on the Geology of Chanfsintien-Tuoli Area, Southwest of Peking, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 12(4): 513-532 Xinzhuang (Hsinchuang) in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality For purple shale and conglomerate Cretaceous Homonym: Xinzhuang Formation. Hsinchuangtze Formation ( ) Geographic name Hsinchuangtze was Romanized as Sinsyosi by the Japanese (LSI) Makiyama T, 1933, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Kyuko Sheet Hsinchuangtze in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province Composed of gravels and clay, with a thin layer of yellowish lateritic earth on the top Pleistocene Synonym: Tyureki Formation.

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Hsing’an Complex ( ) Licent E, Teilhard de Chardin P, 1930, Geological Observation in North Manchuria and Barga (Hailar), Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 9(1): 23-36 Da Hinggan Mountain, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For metamorphic complex Premesozoic(?).

Hsingchuan Formation ( ) Hsingchuan Coal-bearing Series, Sintsouen Beds (Grabau A W, 1931) Feng K

L, Lee T C, 1929, Temporary Report Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (15): 1-27

Geographic name Xingquan is the abbreviated form of the sum of two names of Xiang’an County and Quan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For coal-bearing strata Early Carboniferus Synonym: Sintsouen Beds.

Hsingkuo Formation ( %) Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1) Xingguo (Hsingkuo) (today Yangguan) County, Hubei Province Carboniferous-Permian.

Hsinglungchai Formation ( ) Hsinglungchai Clay, Sand and Gravel Beds Wang C H, Lu C H, 1940, Geol-

ogy of the Coal Field Niaoke, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33)

Xinglongzhai (Hsinglungchai) in Buzhaoba, Kaiyun County, Yunnan Province For yellow sandy clay, calcareous clay and gravel beds Pliocene-Pleistocene Homonym: Xinglongzhai Formation.

Hsinglunghsien Group ( ) Hsinglunghsien Sandstone Beds Ihara K, 1935, Rep. Inst. Sci. Exp. Manchukuo, sec.II, pt.2, 9 Xinglongxian (Hsinglunghsien) in Hebei Province For sandstone Jurassic.

Hsinglungkou Formation ( ) Hsinglungkou Volcanic Series Tan H C 1931, Geology of Eastern Jehol & Western Liaoning, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (16) Xinglonggou (Hsinglungkou) in Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province For andesite  Jurassic.

Hsingpeshan Formation () Assise de Hsing Pe Shan Mathieu F F, 1941, Contribution de la stratigraphie

et de la Tectonique du Jurassique a couches de houille dans la Chine septentrionale. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belgique Xinbeishan (Hsingpeshan) in Dongshan Township, Shiqianggui, Gaoshan Town, north of Datong County, Shanxi Province Jurassic. Hsingshan Formation ( ) Hsing-shan Red Sandstone Series Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1): 15 Xingshan (Hsingshan) County, Hubei Province For brown sandstone Mesozoic.

432

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hsingshan Shale ()) Hsing Shan Shale Chang W Y (translator), 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co., 121, table 19 Xingshan (Hsingshan), Anhui Province For dark grayish green and yellow shales with interbeds of thin muddy limestone Neoproterozoic Synonymous with Liulaopei Formation.

Hsinho Limestone () Lee J S, Chao Y T, 1926, Classification and correlation of Palaeozoic coal-bearing formations in North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 5(2): 107-134 Xinhe (Hsinho), 20 km east of Shandan County, Gansu Province For limestone Carboniferous.

Hsinhsu Formation ( ) Yoh S S, Chang K, 1929, Temporary Report Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (14) Xinxu (Hsinhsu), 15 km northwest of Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For coal-bearing strata Early Carboniferous.

Hsinkaissu Formation () Hsinkaissu Series Heim A, 1930, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (6): 5-9 Xinkaisi (Hsinkaissu) in Emeishan, Sichuan Province Silurian.

Hsinkao Formation ( ) Tan K, 1944, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 34(246) Hsinkao in Yushan County, Taiwan Province Eocene.

Hsinkuanting Formation (.*) Hsinkuanting Limestone Ting V K, 1947, Repot of Geological Survey, Nanjing, National Geological Survey Xinguanting (Hsinkuanting) village, 8 km northeast of Weining County, Guizhou Province For limestone Early Carboniferous.

Hsinpu Formation () Hsinpu Coal-bearing Series Yoh S S, Yao W K, 1932, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.IV, pt.1, 21 Xinpu (Hsinpu) in Jiaoling County, Guangdong Province For coal series Permian Homonymous with Sinpu Formation.

Hsinti Formation () Hsin Ti Formation Yuang P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, pl.1 Xindi

(Hsinti) in Fuyuan County, west of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cretaceous.

Hsintien Group () Hsintien group was Romanized as Sinten group by the Japanese (LSI) Ishikawa Y, 1929, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, 36(429) Hsintien Township in Taipei County, Taiwan Province For dark grays hales and sandstone with interbeds of coal seams, basalt, tuffite and agglomerate Miocene Homonym: Xindian Formation.

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Hsintientzu Formation () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 321, chart 72. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Zhang Weigang & Ma Weixiang Xindianzi (Hsintientzu) between Yibin County and Ziliujing, Sichuan Province A subdivision of the Tshungking Group, for alternating beds of purplish red clay and purplish gray sandstone Late Jurassic Homonym:Xindianzi Member. Hsintsun Formation () Li Xiji et al., 1953, Acta Geologica Sinica, 33(1): 77. First appeared in a 1947– 1948 manuscript by Meng Xianmin Xincun (Hsintsun), northeast of Yangdan, Dongchuan County, Yunnan Province For dark gray, black calcareous shale and sandy shale, with parti-coloured phyllitic shale and conglomerate locally Sinian Homonym: Xincun Formation.

Hsintukou Limestone () Hsin-tu-kou Limestone Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Geosci. Depart, Inst. Liberal Arts, National Chekiang Univ., (1): 11 Xintugou (Hsintukou) in western foot of Jinding, 15 km northwest of Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For limestone Sinian.

Hsintungkou Member () Hsintungkou Shale Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Xindonggou (Hsintungkou) village, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For shales Late Carbonif-

erous.

Hsipeichien Formation () Hsipeichien Series Obata T, 1939, Bull. Inst. Nat. Res. Shanghai, (8) Xibeijian (Hsipeichien) in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality For dark massive limestone

with interbeds of thin-bedded flint and green shale, with thin limestone in the lower part Ordovician.

Hsishan Formation (1) ( 1) Chu T H, 1927, Report of Geological Survey of Yunnan, (2), Geological Survey of Yunnan Western Hills, Kunming City, Yunnan Province For limestone Carboniferous-Permian Homonym: Xishan Formation (1), (2), Xishan Sand-

stone, Hsishan Formation (2), Xishan Basalt. Hsishan Formation (2) ( 2)

Hsishan Coal Beds Misch P, 1946, On the facies of carboniferous of the Kunming region, East Yunnan, with special reference to the bauxite deposits, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 26(1): 1-64 Western Hills, Kunming City, Yunnan Province For coal-bearing strata Carboniferous Homonymous with Hsishan Formation (1).

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hsishui Group ( ) Hsishui Formation Yin T H, Chin N, Chen Y J, 1944, Geological Review, 9(5/6): 205-220 Xishui (Hsishui) northwest of Xiazichang, Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For the sum of Maotsaopu Limestone, Sungtzukan Formation and Shihtzushan Limestone Mid Triassic. Hsitakou Formation () Hsitakou Series Sun C C, 1935, On the stratigraphy of upper Huangho & Nan Shan region, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 75-86 Xidagou (Hsitakou, today Xidatanhe), Xidatan Township, Tianzhu County, Gansu Province For light rose,

purplish red, grayish green gray sandstone, gravel-bearing sandstone, sandstone, with interbeds of siltstone Early-Mid Triassic.

Hsitashan Formation () Zhang Ridong, 1959, Chihkan Inst. Palaeont., Academia Sinica, (2) Xidashan (Hsitashan) in Kruktag, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For flint beds, andisite, phosphorite, calcareous sandstone and marls Early Cambrian.

Hsitsun Formation () Hsichung Formation, Hsitsun was Romanized as Nisimura by the Japanese Ooe

Z), 1931, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Ritozan Sheet

Hsiutsun (or Haichung) in Ilan County, Taiwan Province Composed of alternating beds of black slate and dark quartzose sandstone Eocene-Oligocene Homonym: Xicun Formation.

Hsiujen Group ( ) Hsiujen Series Tien C C, 1938, Geological Review, 3(4): 396 Xiuren (Hsiujen) County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the sum of Chinchuao Sandstone and Szupai Shale Early Devonian.

Hsiunglin Formation ( ) Kunglin Formation, geographic name Hsiunglin was misread as Kunglin, and Romanized as Kurin by the Japanese Ishikawa Y, 1930, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tikuto Sheet Hsiunglin in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province Composed of soft sandstone, conglomerate and light bluish muddy shale with well preserved mollusk and foraminifera Pliocene-Pleistocene. Hsiungpailing Formation () Hsiungpailing series Lee Y Y, Chu S, Chiu C, 1933, Fourth Annual Report, Academia Sinica, 175 Xiongpiling (Hsiungpailing), northeast of Qiyang County, Hunan Province Late Devonian. Hsiuning Sandstone (* ) Hsiuning Formation Lee Y Y, Lee C, 1930, Annual Report of 1930 of Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica Xiuning (Hsiuning) County, Anhui

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Province For gray, purplish red fine-grained sandstone and siltstone, mudstone, with gravel in the bottom Sinian Homonym: Xiuning Formation. Hsiwan Formation () Hsiwan Coal Series Yoh S S, 1933, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.IV, pt.2, 38 Xiwan (Hsiwan) at the boundary between He County and Zhong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For coal-bearing strata Jurassic. Hsiwangmiao Formation () Zhang Yunxiang, 1958, Geological Monthly, (6) Xiwangmiao (Hsiwangmiao) close to Limahe, Huili County, Sichuan Province For purplish red, lateritic red with interbeds of grayish green banded siltstone, fine sandstone and sandy mudstone Mid Cambrian. Hsiyu Conglomerate () Siyu Gravel Beds Huang T K, Young C C, Cheng Y C, Chow T C, Bien M N, Weng W P, 1947, Report on geological investigation of some oil-fields in Sinkiang, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (21): 31 Xiyu (Hsiyu or Siyu) (called by a joint name for the sum of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the Middle Asia Area west of Yumenguan during the time of the Han Dynasty) For grayish brown massive conglomerate Pliocene-Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Xiyu Formation. Hsuanchiaping Formation (+) Hsuanchiaping Coal Series Yoh S S, 1929, Geology Reconnaissance of West Kueichou, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (12) Xuanjiaping (Hsuanchiaping), north of Guiding County, Guizhou Province For coal-bearing strata Late Permian.

Hsuanching Formation (+) Hsuanching Coal Series Yih L F, Li C, 1924, Geology of the Coal Field of Chin Hsien and Hsuan-cheng, Anhui, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6) Geographic

name Xuanjing (Hsuanching) is the abbreviated form of the sum of two names of Xuancheng and Jinxian County (Hsuan-cheng and Chin Hsien), Anhui Province For coal-bearing strata Late Permian. Hsuankou Formation () Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press & the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections), Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (15) Xuankou (Hsuankou) village west of Guanxian County, Sichuan Province Carboniferous.

Hsuannan Formation (+) Yih L F, Li C, 1924, Geology of the Coal Field of Chin Hsien and Hsuan-cheng, Anhui, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6): 13-20 Geographic name Xuannan (Hsuannan) is the abbreviated form of the sum of two names of Xuancheng and Nanling

436

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

County (Hsuan-cheng and Nanling County), Anhui Province For purplish red, dark purple thick-bedded conglomerate, rudite with interbeds of sandstone Early Cretaceous-Paleocene. Hsuanwei Formation (+!) Hsuanwei Coal Series Hsieh C Y, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1/2): 1-42 Xuanwei (Hsuanwei, today Rongfeng) County, Yunnan Province For coalbearing strata Late Permian Homonym: Hsuanwei Vocanics.

Hsuanwei Volcanics (+!) Hsuanwei Volcanic Series Wang C C, Huo S C, 1945, The phosphate deposits of Kuanching, Sungming, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36): 18-26 Xuanwei (Hsuanwei, today Rongfeng) County, Yunnan Province For effusive rocks Permian Homonymous with Hsuanwei Formation. Hsuanyuan Formation () Hsuanyuan Slate Formation, geographic name Hsuanyuan was Romanized as Kayahara by the Japanese Ooe Z, 1931, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Ritozan Sheet Hsuanyuan in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province Comp-osed of black slate and slaty sandstone Eocene-Oligocene. Hsuchiachuang Limestone (, ) Chao Y T, 1926, Succession of the Marine Beds in the Chang Chiu Coal Field of Shantung, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (8): 1-5 Xujiazhuang (Hsuchiachuang) in Zhangqiu County, Shandong Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Homonym: Xujiazhuang Group. Hsuchiaho Formation () Hsuchiaho Series, Suchiaho Series Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (9): 1-48 Xujiahe (Hsuchiaho) in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For gray carbonaceous shale and gray sandstone with interbeds of coal seams Jurassic Synonymous with Kwang-

yuan Formation.

Hsuchuang Formation (, ) Xsuchuang Series Lu Yanhao, Dong Nanting, 1953, Acta Geologica Sinica, 32(3): 166 Xuzhuang (Hsuchuang) village in northern foot of Mantou hill, 3 km south of zhangxia Town, Changqing County, Shandong Province Mid Cambrian Hsuchuang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Hsuehfengshan Sandstone ( ) Wang H T, Liu C Y, 1936, Mem. Geol. Surv. Hunan, ser.B, (1): 72. First appeared in a 1934 manuscript by Wang Y L et al. Xuefengshan (Hsuehfengshan), 50 km west of Ningxiang County, Hunan Province For sandstone Devonian-Early Carboniferous.

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Hsuehhuashan Basalt ( ) Wang C C, 1930, A study on the Hsueh-hua-shan Basalt Lava and its underlying fossiferous sediments in the Chinghsing District, Bull. Geol. Surv. China,, (15). First appeared in a 1914 manuscript by Ting V K et al. Xuehuashan (Hsuehhuashan), southwest of Jingxing County, Hebei Province For basalt EoceneMiocene. Hsuehpaoting Formation ( ) Hsuehpaoting Series Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press & the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections), Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (15) Xuebaoding (Hsuehpaoting) Hill, 24 km north of Songpan County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of muddy limestone and phyllite Devonian-Permian. Hsuehshankeng Formation ( ) Geographic name Hsuehshankeng was Romanized as Setuzanko by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K, 1935, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tosei Sheet Hsuehshankeng river in Taichung County, Taiwan Province Composed chifely of black or dark gray hard shale with sandstone and laminar alternations of shale and sandstone Oligocene-Miocene. Hsuimogo Formation ( ) Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2(2) Shuimo-gou (Hsuimogo), 22 km southwest of Guanxian County, Sichuan Province For limestone and shales Mid Devonian. Hsuinan Complex ( ) Chang H C, 1928–1928, The Geology of Sa Shui, Szu Hui, Kwang Ning and Kao Yao Districts of West Kwangtung, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.2. pt.2, 109-117 Shuinanxu (Hsuinan), 33 km northwest of Gaoyao County, Guangdong Province For complex Silurian(?) Shuinan Formation. Hsunte Group () Hsunte Volcanic Series, geographic name Hsunte was Romanized as Syuntoku by the Japanese (LSI) Morita G, 1941, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 48(570) Hsunte in Hegang Coalfield Area, Heilongjiang Province Composed of two parts, the upper of which mainly composed of sandstone, and the lower is divided again (a) into the upper and (b) the lower: (a) composed of sandstone intercalated with agglomerate, shales, and tuff; (b) composed of tuffaceous conglomerate Cretaceous. Huabaoshan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team Huabaoshan close to Xiegou, Ledu County, Qinghai Province For coarse-grained clastic rocks Early Ordovician.

438

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Huabiaoshi Formation (D) Huabiaoshi Beds Hsu R L, Chiang R, 1932, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.4, pt.1 Huabiaoshi in Fengchuan County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of volcanic conglomerate, red sandy shale, and tuffite Cretaceous.

Huacaojian Formation ( ) Huacaojian Member Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984,

Regional Geology of Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 270. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Huacaojian north of Zhoujiayuan, Dongxiang County, Jiangxi Province For tuffite with interbeds of quartz andesite Late Jurassic.

Huacheling Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 31. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Huacheling in Moshigou, Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province For leptynite, amphibolites and schist Archean. Huadaqi Formation ( )

Zhang Hairi, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Handaqi Sheet Huadaqi Township, located at right bank of Xiaoheli River, Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province For grayish brown conglomerate, black tuffaceous sandstone with interbeds of slate Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous.

Huade Group () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 17. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Huade County, Hebei Province Composed of two parts: the lower, quartzite, metamorphic sandstone and quartz schist; the upper, phyllite, muddy schist and marble Proterozoic. Huaduoshan Formation ( @) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Grology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 162. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by No.2 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Huaduoshan in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province Late Permian.

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Hua’erdi Formation ( ) Qian Jiaqi, Gong Baojun, 1981, Gansu Geology, (1) Hua’erdi in Tianjun County, Qinghai Province A component formation within the Tuolainanshan Group, for limestone and dolomite with interbeds of slate Mesoproterozoic.

Huagang Formation ( ) Integrative Research Team of Marine Geology, Ministry of Geology & Institute of

Geology and Mineral Resources,Chinese Academia of Geological Sciences, 1989, Cenozoic Palaeontological Fauna of the Continental Shelf of East China Sea (Dong Hai), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Shanghai Marine Geology Research Team of Ministry of Geology Longjing Hole no.2 in Continental Shelf of East China Sea (Dong Hai) For grayish white sandstone with interbeds of dark gray mudstone and coal Oligocene. Huagaolin Member (" ) Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology

of Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 259 Huagaolin close to Jiaozishan, Anshun County, Guizhou Province A component member of local Lungtan Formation, for gray, grayish yellow siltstone, silty clay stone, with flint-bearing limestone Early Permian Lower member, middle member and upper member are not the normal terminology of the subdivisions in stratigraphical nomenclature. Huagong Formation ( ) Huagong clastic rock with interbeds of limestone member (a member of original Longyin Formation) Xiao Weimin, Wang Hongdi, Zhang Linxin, Dong Wenlan, 1986, Early Permian Stratigraphy and Faunas in Southern Guizhou, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House, 31. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team Huagong, 50 km north of Qinglong County, Guizhou Province For limestone, marls and quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of clay, included Yutang Member and Baomoshan Member Early Permian. Huaguoshan Formation (1) (  1) Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yutai Sheet Huaguoshan in Yutai County, Jiangsu Province For lacustrine facies clastic sediments and basalt Paleocene Homonym: Huaguoshan Formation (2). Huaguoshan Formation (2) (  2) Zhang Zonghu 1991 The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 105,107 Huaguoshan in Dati County, Sichuan Province For dark red, purplish red to yellowish brown clay and gravel, with sands lenticle Pleistocene Homonymous with Huaguoshan Formation (1).

440

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Huaian Complex () Geng Yuansheng, 1996, Sanggan (Sangkan) Complex, in Cheng Yuqi ed. 1996,

Stratigraphical Lexicon of China, Archean Erathem, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 43. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by Liu Yuguang Huaian County (today Chaigoupu), Hebei Province A subdivision of the local Sangkan Gneiss, for gneiss and granulites Archean Homonymous with Huaian Formation. Huaian Formation ()

Huaian Beds Pumpelly Raphael, 1866, Geological Research in China, Mongolia and Japan, during the years 1862–1865, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge Publication, no.202 Huaian County (today Chaigoupu), Hebei Province For a formation of red sandstone and shales Jurrasic (?) The pioneering example of geological terminology in China; Homonym: Huaian Complex.

Huaibei Group () Xing Yusheng, 1984, The Sinian System and Its Position in Geological Time

Scale, in Scientific Papers on Geology for International Exchange, Prepared for the 27th International Geological Congress, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 37-48 Huaibei referring to the north of Huaihe River, Anhui Province For a component formation within the Huaihe Group Neoproterozoic Huaibei Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Huaihe Group ()

Huaihe System Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of Jiangsu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.1], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 38 Huaihe River in Jiangsu Province For the sum of Lanling Formation, Xinxing Formation, Jushan Formation, Chengshan Formation, Jiayuan Formation, Zhowei Formation, Jiudingshan Formation, Zhangqu Formation, Weiji Formation, Shijia Formation and Wangshan Formation Neoproterozoic The Huaihe Group of 1984 was derived from the Huaihe System of 1980, they were the local chronostratigraphical terminology.

Huailu Limestone () Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 430 Huolu (Huailu) County, Hebei Province For gray siliceous limestone, with interbeds of brown, black, light green shale with black flint Presinian.

Huainan Group () Yang Qinghe, Zhang Youli, Zheng Wenwu, Xu Xuesi, 1980, in North China Insti-

tute of Geology ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 231-264 Huainan City, Anhui Province For carbonate rocks above the original Bagongshan Group Sinian.

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Huaiyang Group () Xing Yusheng, 1984, The Sinian System and Its Position in Geological Time Scale,in Scientific Papers on Geology for International Exchange, Prepared for the 27th International Geological Congress, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 37-48 Huaiyang referring to the south of Huaihe River, Anhui Province Now for the sum of Liulaobei Formation (lower) and Shouxian Formation (upper) Sinian. Huaiyincun Formation ( ) Wutai Group of No.1 Division of North China Institute of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, Tianjin, North China Institute of Geological Sciences, 133-140 Huaiyinshu close to Dongye, Shanxi Province For dark gray dolomitic marble Proterozoic. Huaiyuan Formation (1) ( 1) Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2(2): 118119. First appeared in a manuscript by Ting V K Huaiyuan Town in Qingyuan County (today Yishan County), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Devonian Homonym: Huaiyuan Formation (2).

Huaiyuan Formation (2) ( 2) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 196. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Huaiyuan County, northern Anhui Province For gray, grayish black sands, gravel, siltstone, and clay stone Holocene Homonymous with Huaiyuan Formation (1). Huajia’ao Formation ( )) Huajia’ao Siliceous Rock Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) The

village of Huajia’ao in Yantai Coalfield, northeast of Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province For black siliceous rocks Late Carboniferous. Huajiahu Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 205. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Huajiahu in Echeng County, Hubei Province For alternating beds of yellow, yellowish green quartzose sandstone, purplish red siltstone and mudstone, with interbeds of coarse-grained sandstone and conglomerate Mid Jurassic. Huajiaozhai Formation ( ) Li Fuhan, 1988, Presinian System of Xikang-Yunnan District, Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House Huajiaozhai in Sichuan Province Neoproterozoic.

442

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Huajiaqing Formation () Li Xiji, 1984, Geological Review,30(5): 399-408 Huajiaqing in Yunnan Province Mesoproterozoic. Huajiayao Formation ( ) Huajiayao Siliceous Rock Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Huajiayao in Liaoning Province For siliceous rock Carboniferous.

Huajiying Formation ( ) No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chengde Sheet Huajiying in Fengning County, Hebei Province For volcanic rocks with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Late Jurassic.

Huakaizuo Formation ( ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, News Letter of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwest China, (4) Huakaizuo village in Weishan County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of purplish red, grayish purple and yellowish brow quartzose sandstone, siltstone and purplish red or grayish purple mudstone Mid Jurassic. Huakou Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Huakou in Wudang District, Hubei Province A component formation of the Wudang Group Proterozoic. Hualien Formation ( $) Hualien Series Lin C C, 1951, Geo-historical Study of the Hualien District, Taiwan, Formosan Science, 5(3-4) Hualien City, Taiwan Province For faintly dune sand and black sand-clay, composed of three part: the lower, the Old Milun lacustrine black sand-clay beds in the Milun tableland; the middle, Castleshan dune sand in the Milun tableland and the Melanoides-chara clay beds along the coast, close to hyaline; the upper, manfully dune sand Holocene. Hualiengchai Limestone () Kobayashi T, 1930–1931, Jap. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol.8, 136-138 Hualiangzhai (Hualiengchai) close to Benxi County, Liaoning Province For limestone Mid Cambrian Homonym: Hualiengchai Shale. Hualiengchai Shale () Kobayashi T, 1930–1931, Jap. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol.8, 136-138 Hualiangzhai (Hualiengchai) close to Benxi County, Liaoning Province For shale Mid Cambrian Homonymous with Hualiengchai Limestone.

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Hualong Group () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Sun Chongren ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 14. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Eastern Qinghai Geology Team Hualong District, Qinghai Province For schist, gneiss, quartzite and marble Archean Synonymous with Garang Group. Huamawan Formation ()

Wang Zhiben, Wang Yuling, Zhang Chunchi, 1991, Geology of Shandong, 7(2) Huamawan in Shandong Province For the epicrustal rock within the Taipingding

Formation and the Wanshanzhuang Formation of the original Taishan Group Archean. Huameishan Formation (!)

Zhu Weiyuan, 1988, Gansu Geology, (9): 16-28 Huameishan in northern part of West Qilian Mountain, Gansu Province Early Devonian.

Huamen Formation ( ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tonggu Sheet Huamen in Hunan Province Proterozoic Synonymous with Lengjiaxi Group.

Huamianlong Formation (  ) Xiao Chengxie, 1986, Jiangxi Geology, 13(14) Huamianlong in Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province For grayish black, grayish green siliceous rock, silty and carbonaceous slate and slate Late Ordovician.

Huanan Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Ge-

ology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 224 Huanan County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of white and grayish green mudstone, with interbeds of black massive clay stone, with gold and gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone Miocene. Huanchiyu Formation ("#) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 22. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by No.1 Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Huanchiyu in Yanshi County, Henan Province For a component formation within the Taihua Group Archean.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Huang’ai Formation ( ) Huang’ai Sandstone and Shale Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 476, chart 98. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript “Geology of Guangxi” by Zhao Jinke & Zhang Wenyou, which was published in 1959 The village of Huangai in Huajiang Township, Xing’an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gray, grayish green, grayish purple banded sandstone and siliceous shale Early Ordovician. Huangbailing Formation () i.e. Huanpoling Formation. Huangbanjishan Formation (%) Huangbanji Formation Zhu Ciying, Nan Runshan, Xie Guisheng, Xie Deren, 1982, Bull. Shenyang Inst. Geol. Min. Resour., (4) Huangbanjishan Hill, 40 km northwest of Fulintun, Xinglong Town, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For the local so-called individual Schizophoria-bearing “Devonian” strata Early Ordovician. Huangben Formation ( ) Nanling Geology Team, 1958, Explanatory Text of Integrative Geological Survey of Lianxian County, Liannan, Guangdong and Yizhang, Linwu, Hunan Huangbenchang in Yangshan County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of brownish red shales and yellowish gray medium-thick-bedded coarse-grained sandstone Mid Triassic. Huangcaoding Member ( ) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map; Wendeng, Weiyuan, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet Huangcaoding in Shandong Province Mid Cambrian. Huangcaoping Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Huangcaoping in Shennongjia Foresty Area, Hubei Province A component formation of the Wuziping Group Proterozoic. Huangcaopo Group ( ) Zhao Mingyu, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Balikun Sheet Huangcaopo, northeast of Balikun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For siltstone and banded marble Mid Ordovician. Huangcha Group () Zhao Jinke, Chen Chuzhen, Liang Xiluo, 1962, The Triassic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 57,58 i.e. a slip of the pen of Huangben Group.

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Huangchi Formation ( ) Huangchi Series, Huangchi (for two Chinese characters) was Romanized as Koki by the Japanese Noda M, 1937, Ann. Rept. Jap. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol.13 Huangqi (Huangchi) valley, 4 km northwest of Benxi County, Liaoning Province For gray sandy shale with interbeds of dark ventricular limestone Late Carboniferous. Huangchiateng Formation () Yang Jingzhi, Mu Enzhi, 1953, Acta Palaeotologica Sinica, 1(2): 59 Huangjiadeng (Huangchiateng), east of Maanshan, Changyang County, Hubei Province For quartzose sandstone with interbeds of shale, sandy shale, sandstone Late Devonian. Huangchiawan Formation () Huangchiawan Coal Series Yoh S S, 1928, A geological reconnaissance from Chung-ching, Szechuan to Guei-yang, Kueichou Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (11) Huangjiawan (Huangchiawan), 5 km east of Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For coal series Late Permian.

Huangchiayao Formation () Huangchiayao Coal Series Ho C S, 1946, Geological Review, 11(3-4): 171 Huangjiayao (Huangchiayao), northeast of Tongxiao County, Gansu Province For coal series Late Carboniferous.

Huangchiayuantse Formation () Hsu Te-yao, Yao H H, 1941, On the occurrence of a Wellenkalk fauna in Patung Series of Western Hupeh, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 21(2-4): 253-256 Huangjiayuanzi (Huangchiayuantse), west of Yuanan County, Hubei Province For the purple shale and the limestone within Patung Group Early Triassic.

Huangchin Formation () Huangchin Limestone Chao K K, Chang W Y, 1952, 1:250 000 Scale Geological Map of Guangxi, Nat. Res. Inst. Geol., Academia Sinica For limestone Early Carboniferous. Huangdianzi Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoxing Sheet Huandianzi in Baoxing County, Sichuan Province A component formation within the Yangjin Group, for trachorheite, rhyolitic keratophyre, volcanic breccia, with a few quartz schists, phyllites, slates and marbles Presinian. Huangdingzi Formation () No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Siping-Kiangping Sheet Huangdingzi in Yuan-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

jiaxiaoling, Changtu County, Liaoning Province For siliceous nodule-bearing marble, metamorphic sandstone and slate Ordovician. Huang Erh Liang Formation ( ) Huang Erh Liang Beds Yuan P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, pl.1 Huangerliang (Huang Erh Liang) in Fuyuan district, west of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Triassic.

Huangfu Limestone (#) Geographic name Huangfu was taken from the surname, it should be Romanized as “Huangfu” not “Huangpu”. “Huangpu Limestone ” was the mistaken pronunciation used by the Japanese author Noda S Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1): 22-26 (English in 159-162) The household of Huangfu, located at the right bank of Tonglu River, 15 km north of Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province For limestone Permian. Huanggang Formation () Bi Zhiguo, Yu Zhenjiang, Qiu Zhanxiang, 1977, First discovery of mammal remains from Upper Tertiary Deposits, close to Nanking, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 15(2): 126-138 Huanggang in Maji Township, Luhe County, 20 km north of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For the Hipparion-bearing sand beds intercalated in Lingshan Basalt Miocene. Huanggang Member () Huanggang Eolian Beds Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Re-

sources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 246. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Hu Junshen Huanggang located at shore of the Xingkai lake, Heilongjiang Province For brownish yellow, yellowish brown sand-bearing and ferruginous & manganese-bearing clay Pleistocene. Huanggangling Beds (#) Xu Ruilin, 1937, Geoloical Review, 2(4): 361-376 Huanggangling, north of Qujiang County, Guangdong Province Mid Devonian.

Huanggangshan Formation () Li Quanwei, 1997, Guangdong Geology, 12(2) Huanggangshan in Guangdong Province For gravel with interbeds of coarse-grained sands forming the terrace Pleistocene. Huanggexi Formation (') No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhenxiong Sheet Huanggexi in Daguan County, Yunnan Province For grayish white quartzose siltstone with interbeds of marls and mudstone Early Silurian.

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Huanggongtang Dolomite ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 134 Huanggongtang in Xintian County, Hunan Province For dolomite Devonian. Huanggou Formation () Yan Guoshun, Wang Deyou, Jiang Yuan, Xi Yunhong, 1987, Classification and

Correlation of Carboniferous and Early Permian Stratigraphy of North China Type of Henan, in Proceedings of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.13, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 72-79 Huanggou in Xichuan County, Henan Province For the micrite within the lower part of original Lianggou Formation Early Carboniferous. Huangguoshu Beds ( ) Guo W K, Yeh C C, 1942, Special Report of Department of Mineral Resources Exploration of Southwest China, (26) Huangguoshu in north of Qiaojia County, Yunnan Province For gravel beds Quaternary.

Huanghai Subbed ( ) Huanghai Beds Liu Minhou, Wu Shiying, Wang Yongji, Gao Jianxi, 1986, Late

Quaternary sea level changes in the Huanghai Sea, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 6168Huanghai, Jiaozhouwan, Shandong Province For grayish brown silty mud and muddy silt intercalated with the Haiyangdao Beds Quaternary. Huanghaicao Subbed ( >)

Huanghaicao Beds Liu Minhou, Wu Shiying, Wang Yongji, Gao Jianxi, 1986,

Late Quaternary sea level changes in the Huanghai Sea, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 61-68Huanghaicao, Jiaozhouwan, Shandong Province For gray silty mud and silt intercalated with the Chengshan Beds Quaternary.

Huanghe Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, Shandong Bureau of Geological Exploration, 1997, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Digital Geological map. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by No.1 Geology Team of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Along the bank of Huanghe River in Pingyang County, Shandong Province For yellow clayey sand and reddish brown clay Holocene. Huanghejing Member ( ) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Qichang ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (64), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 28 Huanghejing, 2.5 km south of Zhangdajing, Tongxin

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For parti-coloured siliceous dolomite, black flint beds and parti-coloured siltstone Cambrian. Huanghou Formation (#) Ma Changxin, Liu Ronggui, Lu Guide, et al., 1992, Geology of Presinian of Northeastern Jiangxi, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Huanghou in Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province For grayish green quartz schist Palaeoproterozoic.

Huanghua Basalt ( ) Yang Yaoyu, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological map: Mudanjiang Sheet Huanghua in Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province For basalt with interbeds of carbonaceous shale and oil shale, with coal seam in the middle part Eocene. Huanghua Formation () Huanghua Group Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no. 26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 201. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by No.1 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Huanghua County, Hebei Province For parti-coloured mudstone with interbeds of sandstone and gravel-bearing sandstone Neogene. Huanghuachong Formation ( ) Huanghuachong Group Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Huanghuachong in Wudang, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For gray limestone Early-Mid Ordovician. Huanghuagou Formation ( ) Tang Kedong, Su Yangzheng, 1966, Acta Geologica Sinica, 46(1): 14-28 Huanghuagou in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Silurian Huanghuagou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronos-

tratigraphic meaning.

Huanghuaping Formation ( ) Huanghuaping Series Mo C S, Tu H L, 1943, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung and Kwangsi, (1). First appeared in a manuscript by Bai Yuheng Huanghuaping in Qinan of Dongpi, Lianxian County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of pink, yellow and light green argillaceous limestone and yellow limestone Mid Devonian. Huanghuashan Breccia ( ) Muroi W, 1940, Fushin and Lingyuan District, Guide Book to No.2 Excursion, Geological Congress of Manchuria, 39 Huanghuashan in Yixian County, Liaoning Province For volcanic breccia Jurassic Synonymous with Tuhulu Formation.

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Huanghudong Formation () Du Yuansheng, Li Guanbin, Zhao Xiwen, 1988, Earth Science, 13(5) The village Huanhudong in Shegang Township, Liuyang County, Hunan Province For graywacke, quartzose sandstone with interbeds of sandy slate Mesoproterozoic. Huanghutan Formation () Liang Yuehan et al., 1981, Research on Archean Stratigraphy and the Iron-bearing Horizon of Northwest Anhui and Central Henan Area, in Bulletin of Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (3)  Huanghutan in Ruzhou Area, Henan Province For a formation of local Dengfeng Group Archean. Huangjiagou Formation () Du Yuansheng, Li Guanbin, Zhao Xiwen, 1988, Earth Science, 13(5) Huangjiagou close to Dongshan, Hexi County, Gansu Province For the sum of Yushuping Formation and Leijiaba Formation Devonian. Huangjialing Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet Huangjialing in Shandong Province Late Cretaceous. Huangjiapu Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangjiakou Sheet Huangjiapu in Hebei Province Late Cretaceous. Huangjingshan Formation () Huangjingshan Member Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1965, Chinese Science Bulletin, (12) Huangjingshan, 3.5 km north of Beiliu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region A component member within the original Beiliu Formation, for thick-bedded dolomite Early Devonian. Huangjintang Limestone ( ) Ou Yuanren, Ao Zhenkuan, Feng Xiebiao, 1958, Bull. Central-South College of Mineral and Metallurgy, 3(1): 1-29 The village of Huangjintang, east of Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province For limestone Carboniferous.

Huangkangling Formation (#) Huangkangling Series Feng K L, Chu S S, 1928, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.I, 36-37 Huanggangling (Huangkangling) Mountain, north of Qujiang County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of sandstone and shale Late Permian. Huangkeng Formation ( ) Li Jianhai, Wang Guoping, Zheng Tiefan, Liang Sijin, 1994, New lithostratigraphic units established in Fujian Province, Regional Geology of China, (Quar-

450

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

terly), no.4 (serial no.51), 325-347 Huangkeng in Fuqing City, Fujian Province For purplish red sedimentary-volcanic extrusive rocks Early Cretaceous. Huangkutun Formation () Geographic name Huangkutun was Romanized as Kokoton by the Japanese (LSI) Matsuzawa I, 1935, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, 42(500); 1939 Jour. Geogr. Soc. Tokyo, 51(592) Huanggutun (Huangkutun) in Longhua County, Hebei Province For crystalline schist, quartzite, and limestone Archean-Proterozoic.

Huanglian Formation () Compiling Group for Fujian Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of East China: Fujian Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House

Huanglian village in Changding County, Fujian Province For gray grayish green,

grayish white siliceous rocks, with interbeds of metamorphic sandstone, sandstone and phyllite Sinian.

Huanglianba Formation ($) Zhang Wentabg, Lu Yanhao, Zhu Zhaoling, et al., 1980, Palaeontologia Sinica, Serial (159), New Ser.B, (16), Beijing: Science Press Huanglianba in Maoping, Meitan County, Guizhou Province For quartzose sandstone, gravel-bearing

sandstone, silty shale, with interbeds of thin-bedded marls, carbonaceous shale and phosphate-bearing siliceous rocks Early Cambrian. Huanglianduo Formation (D)

Guan Baode, Pan Zecheng, Geng Wuchen, Rong Zhiquan, Du Huiying,1980,

Sinian Suberathem in the Northern Slope of Eastern Qinling Ranges, in North China Institute of Geology ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 288-313 Huanglianduo in Jiunvdong, Xiatang Township, Lushan County, Henan Province For siliceous banded dolomite,, with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate, quartzose sandstone, with conglomerate in the base, with flint in the top Sinian. Huangliang Formation ( ) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team & No.213 Shanxi Geology Team, 1976,

Explanatory Text For 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen, Qinyuan Sheet

Huangliang in Huoxian County, Shanxi Province A component formation of local Huoxian Group, for migmatite and gneiss Archean.

Huanglianggou Formation ( ) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Cai Tuci ed.), 1999, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (65), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Yang Wenxiao Huanglianggou in Kalamaili District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For conglomerate with interbeds of mudstone Late Permian.

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Huanglianghe Group () Huanglianghe Formation Fu Gongqin, Li Shilin, 1992, Acta Petrologica et

Mineralogica, 13(1), First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by Western Hubei Geology Team Huanglianghe in Xingshan County, Hubei Province For metamorphic intrusive rocks and epicrustal rocks Archean Synonymous with Taching Formation. Huanglianguan Formation (#) Li Youheng, Huang Wanbo, 1978, Preliminary Expediton to the Cenozoic Geol-

ogy of Jinping District, Sichuan, in Proceedings of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Huanglianguan in Xichang City, Sichuan Province For red clay, with interbeds of silt, sand and gravel beds, and yellow clay Pleistocene. Huanglianqiao Formation () Triassic Team of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Acade-

my of Sciences, 1977, Triassic of Southwest Area, in Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (6) Huanglianqiao in Jianshe Township of Tongkou, Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province For grayish yellow, bluish gray limestone, with flint nodule and bands and argillaceous limestone Mid Triassic.

Huanglienpo Formation () Loczy L von, 1899, Wiss. Erg. Reise des Grafen B. Szechenyi 1877–1880, 210 Huangliangpo (Huanglienpo) in southern Sichuan Province For alternating beds of limestone and shale Mid Devonian.

Huanglienshu Shale () Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Geosci. Depart. Inst. Liberal Arts, National Chekiang

University, (1). First appeared in a manuscript by Zhang Mingshao & Sheng Xinfu, Zhang and Sheng’s paper was published in 1958 Huanglianshu (Huanglienshu) located between Hanjiadian and Jiudianya, north of Tongzi County, Guizhou Province For shale Late Ordovician. Huangling Formation () Zhou Guoqiang, Zheng Youming, et al., 1996, Regional Geology of China, (4) Huangling in Dianbai County, Guangdong Province For migmatite, amphibolites and granulites, with remain body of quartzite, schist and marble Mesoproter-

ozoic.

Huangling Granite ( ) Huangling Granite Gneiss Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis and Blackwelder, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 265-279 Huangling Temple, close to Nantuo, northwest of Yichang City, Hubei Province For granite gneiss Proterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Huangliu Formation () Hu Zhizhong, Su Houxi, 1981, in Zeng Dingqian ed., 1981, Tertiary System of

North Continental Shelf of South China Sea, Guangzhou: Guangzhou Science and Technology Press, 35-143 Huangliu close to Yingge Sea, Beibuwan, northern South China Sea For alternating beds of gray mudstone, sandstone, dolomite, sandy chalk Miocene. Huanglonggang Formation () Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Yufa, Jiang Lifu ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (34), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Anhui Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 9. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Huanglonggang in Huoshan County, Anhui Province For quartz schist with interbeds of quartzite Sinian-Devonian. Huanglung Formation () Geographic name Huanglung was Romanized as Khouanloun by the French (LSI) Lee J S, Chu S, 1930, Notes on the Chihsia Limestone and its associated formations, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 9(1): 37-44 Huanglong (Huanglung) Range, west of Longtan Town, 25 km east of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For grayish white to gray or light red fine-grained, massive limestone Late Carboniferous.

Huangma Formation () Huangmaching Shale; Huangma Purple Shale and Sandstone Hu P C, Liang T, Hsieh C Y, 1931, Notes on the Artesian Wells in Nanking, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (16): 1-48 Huangma village, northeast of Zijinshan Mountain, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For purple shale and sandstone Mid Triassic The new name to substitute the Huangmaching Shale.

Huangmaching Shale ( ) Huangma Purple Shale and Sandstone, Huangma Shale, geographic name Huangmaching was Romanized as Khouanmatsin by the French (LSI) Hsieh C Y, 1928,

Geology of Chungshan and its bearing on the supply of Artesian Water in Nanking, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 7(2): 139-156 Huangmaqing (Huangmaching) consists of two village names, the Huangma village and the Qingma village, between Zhongshan and Xia Wuqi, east of Zijinshan Mountain, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For purple shale and sandstone Mid Triassic New name: Huangma Shale; An abandoned synonym of Huangma Shale. Huangmaogeng Formation () Huangmaogeng Series Chang L C, 1935, Notes on Survey of Leibo, Mabian, Ebian and Pingshan, 104 Huangmaogeng in Sichuan Province Late PermianEarly Triassic.

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Huangmaoxia Member () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geol-

ogy of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 184. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.706 Guangdong Geology Team Huangmaoxia in Dawan, Yingde District, Guangdong Province A component member of Kenkou Group for mudstone and siltstone Late Triassic.

Huangnichuan Formation () Huangnichuan Stage Matsushita S, 1935, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., 8(2) Huangnichuan, 20 km southwest of Dalian City, Liaoning Province For slate Proterozoic.

Huangnigang Member () Huangnigang Shale Lu Yanhao, Mu Enzhi, 1955, Geological Knowledge, (2) The village of Huangnigang, 3 km north of Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province For yellowish green, partly purplish red calcareous nodule-bearing mudstone, silty mudstone, with interbeds of nodular limestone Late Ordovician.

Huangnipu Formation () Zhang Zonghu, 1991,The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 95 Huangnipu in Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province For gravel beds with interbeds of sands and silt beds Pleistocene.

Huangniu Sandstone ( ) i.e. Huangniutou Sandstone. Huangniuling Formation () Chen K T, Huang Y H, 1949, Special Publication Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (37): 8 Huangniuling close to Yangjiaoxu, northwest of Dianbai County, Guangdong Province For grayish white loose sandstone, conglomerate and green, light yellow sandy clay with interbeds of coal seams Tertiary.

Huangniutou Sandstone ( ) Huangniu Sandstone (Lee J S, 1939) Meng H M, Chang K, 1933, Ann. Rept. Academia Sinica, (4): 180, and columnar section VII on 2nd pl. facing, 158 Huangniutou in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For sandstone Devonian Synonym: Huangniu Sandstone.

Huangpaiyu Formation () Tsuru Ichio, 1931, Memoir of Ryojun College of Engineering, 1 (3) Huangbaiyu

(Huangpaiyu), 15 km south of Nanfen Station, Benxi County, Liaoning Province

Archean.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Huangpayi Formation () Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt. 1, Paleozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 131 Huangbayi (Huangpayi), 20 km southwest of Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province For limestone Silurian. Huangping Formation (#) Jian Wanchou, Qiu Shuyu, 1990, Classification and Correlation of Upper PreCambrian of the Southwestern Margin of North China Platform, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press Huangping in Liquan County, Shaanxi Province Ordovician. Huangping Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guangyuan Sheet Huangping in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province Silurian. Huangpoling Formation (

)

Huangpoling Series Zhan Ruixi, Li Ping, Liu Yuanchang, 1951, Geological Review,16(3-6): 73-78 Huangpoling (misreading of Huangbailing), in Qingyang County, Anhui Province For slate, Shale and siliceous limestone Cambrian Synonym: Huangbailing Formation (Qian Yiyuan et al., 1964, revised).

Huangpu Limestone i.e. Huangfu limestone. Huangqiao Formation () Hu Gongyi, 1980, Geological Science and Technology of Jiangxi, (2). First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.901 Jiangxi Geology Team Huangqiao in Jishui County, Jiangxi Province For alternating beds of gray, brownish gray peat and organic and sandy clay Pliocene-Pleistocene. Huangqikou Formation ( ) Huangqukou Formation Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Balunbieli Sheet Huangqikou valley in Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For grayish white, purplish red quartzite, quartzite state of sandstone and quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of purplish red, grayish green sandy and siliceous slate Mesoproterozoic. Huangshachi Granite (  ) Chang P C, Liu Y C, Special Publication Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (36): 12 Huangshaxi (Huangshachi) in Guangdong Province For granite.

Huangshan Formation (1) ( 1) Compiling Group for Hebei Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province, Beijing municipality and Tianjin Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Huangshan in Hebei Province Early Permian Homonym: Huangshan Formation (2).

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Huangshan Formation (2) ( 2) Huangshan Formation () (Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Palaeo-

anthropology, Brief Table of Correlation of Cenozoic, in Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, post p. 26) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 283. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript of revision recommendation by Stratigraphical Conference held in Jilin Huangshan in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province For greenish yellow, grayish white coarse-grained sands, clay, and fine-grained sandstone Pleistocene Homonymous with Huangshan Formation (1). Huangshan Formation (3) ( 1) i.e. Huangshan Formation (1). Huangshan Formation (4) ( 2) Chen Shoude, 1979, Regional Geological Survey of Xinjiang , (1) Huangshan in Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For tuffaceous sandstone with interbeds of limestone and siliceous rocks Early Cambrian. Huangshan Granite ( ) Zhao Jiaxian, Yan Zhen, Dong Nanting, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 115 Xi Huangshan, east of Qibaoshan, Jiaonan County, Shandong Province For granite Cretaceous. Huangshandong Formation () Qian Yi, 1977, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 16(2): 255-276 Huangshandong in Gorges of Yangtze River, Hubei Province Dealing with miniature fossils-bearing dolomite part within the top of the Tongying Formation Early Cambrian Huanhshandong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic or biostratigraphic meaning. Huangshanjie Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by No.106 Team of Department of Geology of Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Huangshanjie in Fukang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed of gray, grayish yellow, and grayish green mudstone, siltstone, and carbonaceous mudstone Late Triassic.

Huangshenshan Formation () Noda M, 1952, Geology and Mineral Resources of East Asia, vol. 2, Horizon-5a, 1-49. First appeared in a manuscript by Kihara B Huangshenshan in Xinglong Coal Field, Xinglong County, Hebei Province For coal series CarboniferousPermian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Huangshiba Formation () Compiling Group for Anhui Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Anhui Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Department of Geology of Nanjing University and No.811 Geology Team Huangshiba in Huangshan Township, Chuxian County, Anhui Province For dark purple, grayish green andesite, agglomerate, with interbeds of tuffite, tuffaceous sandstone and conglomerate Late JurassicEarly Cretaceous. Huangshidong Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43),Stratigraphy (Lithostraic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 23. First appeared in a 1995 manuscript by Tang Xiaoshan Huangshidong in Qianyang County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of dark gray calcareous slate, muddy marble, and marble Neoproterozoic. Huangshih Formation () Huangshih Series Noda S, 1915, Geology of the Northwestern Part of Hupehsheng, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1): 51-77 Huangshi (Huanshih) Port, northeast of Daye County, Hubei Province Jurassic.

Huangshihtan Formation () Huangshihtan Series Hu Bosu, Cheng Shaoqi, Wang Taikui, 1938, Geological Review, 3(6): 591-600 Huangshitan (Huangshihtan) in the west bank of Hongjiang, northeast of Suining County, Hunan Province For black, red, yellow, white siliceous rocks Early Ordovician. Huangshu Formation (-) Huangshu Series Lee Y Y, Li C, Chu S, 1935, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (11): 1-381 Huanxu (Huangshu), northeast of Danyang County, and 20 km southeast of Zhenjiang of Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province For alternating

beds of dark grayish brown banded shale and thin-bedded argillaceous limestone, locally with carbonaceous shale Cambrian.

Huangshui Member ( ) Huangshui Sand and Gravel Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classification of Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qinghai Area, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 23-30 Huangshui in Qinghai Province For the gray or parti-coloured sands and gravel within the top of local Ledu Formation Pleistocene. Huangshuigou Sandstone (  ) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral

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Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 158 Huangshuigou in Southeastern Shanxi Province For the sandstone member of local Shansi Formation Early Permian. Huangshuihe Group ( ) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoxing Sheet Huangshuihe in Kuaile Township. Lushan County, Sichuan Province A part within the Paishuiho Series(T’an

H C, Lee C Y, 1931), for metamorphic volcanic and sedimentary deposits in Lushan Area, it included Huangtongjianzi Formation, Guanfangshan Formation, Ganheba Formation, in Boxing, included Dongzixi Formation, Baitongjianzi Formation, Shitigou Formation, Muozigou Formation and Daluodi Formation Mesoproterozoic.

Huangsigou Formation ( ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Huangsigou in Shaanxi Province Late

Devonian.

Huangsong Group () Yang Yaoyu, Qu Guansheng, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological map: Dongning Sheet Huangsong in Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province For schist, leptynite with interbeds of iron-bearing quartzite Neoprote-

rozoic.

Huangtan Formation () Li Jianhai, Wang Guoping, Zheng Tiefan, Liang Sijin, 1994, New lithostrati-

graphic units established in Fujian Province, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 325-347 Huangtan in Jiangle County, Fujian Province For leptynite with interbeds of schist and metamorphic sandstone Sinian. Huangtang Formation (+) Liao Shifan, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1): 65-72 Huangtang in Yongxing County, Jiangxi Province For black shale, quartzose sandstone and sandy shale Late Devonian.

Huangtian Formation () Yang Xianhe, 1976, Newsletter of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, (8) Huangtian in Yanbian County, Sichuan Province For grayish green metamorphic volcanic rock and sedimentary rocks Mesoproterozoic.

Huangtianfan Formation (#) Lang Hongru, 1981, Holocene Series of Zhejiang, in Proceedings of Quaternary along the Coast of China Huangtianfan in Zhejiang Province For gray silt, clay and brownish gray peat and organic clay Holocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Huangtongjianzi Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 27 Huangtongjianzi in Lushan County, Sichuan Province For gray, grayish green, grayish brown schist with interbeds of carbonate rocks Mesoproterozoic. Huangtsunpa Limestone () Yin T H, et al. 1944, Palaeontology of the country around Hsiatzechang before the Chihsia Transgression, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 24(3-4): 179-183 Huangcunba (Huangtsunpa) in Dong Township, Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For limestone Early Triassic.

Huangtuzhai Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological map: Suixian County Sheet Huangtuzhai in Hubei Province For a component formation within the local Tongboshan Group Archean.

Huangtuzui Marble () Yang Jie, 1956, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 36(1): 95-102 Huangtuzui in Wutai County, Shanxi province For marble Proterozoic. Huangushan Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 264. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Huanggushan Jinshi City, Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Province For fresh red muddy gravel Pleistocene. Huangutan Group (") Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 104. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Huangutan in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For sandy slate and phyllite Early Ordovician. Huangxian Formation () Compiling Group for Shandong Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional

Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Shandong Province, Beijing, Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by No.3 Shandong Integrative Geology Team Huangxian County, eastern Shandong Province Composed of mudstone, marls, argillaceous limestone, clastic rocks, coal and oil shales Eocene.

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Huangyaguan Formation () Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 76. To introduce Chen Ronghui’s recommendation (in an unpublished manuscript, 1958) about to substitute the name Changcheng Quartzite with Huangyaguan Formation Huangyaguan in Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality Mesoproterozoic Synonymous with Changcheng Quartzite. Huangyandian Formation () Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Huangyandian in Shandong Province Neogene. Huangyangba Formation () Zhang Qiusheng, Zhu Yongzhen, 1980, in Zhang Qiusheng ed., 1980, Metamor-

phic Geology of Eastern Qingling Mountain, China, Changchun: Jilin people’s Publishing House Huangyangba in Central Qinling Mountain, Shaaxi Province Palaeoproterozoic. Huangyangling Formation () No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Yulongkashi River, Kunlun Mt.-Kalamilan River Area Huangyangling in Dugaoshan, Minfeng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish brown sandstone and calcareous quartzite, with interbeds of limestone Palaeoproterozoic. Huangyangquan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Huangyangquan in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a component formation within the Wuerhe Group Early Permian. Huangyingtun Formation ( ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 82. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Guo Hongjun Huangyingtun in Jilin City, Jilin Province For alternating beds of schist and marble Cambrian-Ordovician. Huangyishan Basalt () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing:

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geological Publishing House, 305. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team Huangyishan in Kuandian, Liaoning Province Purplish red volcanic breccia and basalt Pleistocene. Huangyuan Group () Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text of 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huangyuan Sheet Huangyuan County, Qinghai Province For a metamorphic rock series composed of gneiss, amphibolites, marble, schist,

quartzite and phyllite, included Liujiatai Formation and Dongchagou Formation

Sinian.

Huangzeguan Basalt () Wu Yasong, Wang Xingwu, 1978, Basalt of Recent Period of Shanxi, in Summary of Startigraphy of 1:200 000 Scale Regional Geological Survey, Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, Shangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Huangzeguan in Shanxi Province For basalt Pliocene Synonymous with Hsuehhuashan Basalt. Huangzhong Group () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province Composed of quartzite, quartzose sandstone, siltstone, slate and phyllite, included Moshigou Formation (1) and Qingshipo Formation Mesoproterozoic. Huangzhuang Formation ( ) Sha Yexue, Wang Jingwen, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 23(4): 295-300 Huangzhuang, east of Qufu County, Shandong Province For grayish white, grayish green sandstone, sandy conglomerate, with purplish red clay Eocene.

Huangzhudong Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jianxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 112. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Huangzhudong in Guting Town, Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province For grayish green slate and graywacke Late Ordovician. Huangzhulin Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 189 Huangzhulin in Simao County, Yunnan Province For the sum of Xiapotou Member and Dashuijingshan Formation Mid Triassic.

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Huanhe Formation ($) Sichuan Air Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Huanhe in Sichuan Province Synonymous with Yajiang Formation. Huanhsien Formation ($) Huanhsien Phase Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34 Huanxian (Huanhsien) County, Gansu Province Early Cretaceous.

Huaning Formation () Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Huaning County, Yunnan Province Mid Devonian. Huaniushan Group ( ) No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongliuyuan Sheet Huaniushan in Anxi County, Gansu Province Composed of light metamorphic clastic rocks, marble and volcanic lava Late Carboniferous. Huanjen Formation (% ) Chi Y S, 1931, On the occurrence of Fossil Estheria in China, and its geological significance, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.10, 180-228 Huanren (Huanjen) County, Liaoning Province For dark black fine-grained sandy shale Early Cretaceous. Huantan Formation ($) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Huantan in Dahongshan District, Hubei Province For a component formation within the local Yingshan Group Proterozoic. Huanxiling Formation (&) Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 167 Huanxiling in Liujiang Basin, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province For dark gray siltstone, with interbeds of grayish white medium-grained sandstone and three coal seams Early Permian. Huanxingshan Formation ($) No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bashikaofu Sheet Huanxingshan in southern part of Altun Mountain, Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

For purplish red, brownish red, grayish green and green clastic rocks Mid Or-

dovician.

Huanxiusi Subformation ($) Chen Jinbiao, Zhang Huimin, Zhu Shixing, Zhao Zhen, Wang Zhengang, 1980,

Research on Sinian Suberathem of Jixian, Tianjin, in North China Institute of Geology ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 56-114 Huanxiusi close to the village of Gaogezhuang, north of Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality A subformation within the Kaoyuchuang Formation, for dolomite Mesoproterozoic Huanxiusi Subformation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Huapigou Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 20 Huapigou in Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province A component formation within the Dongfengshan Group, for schist, quartzite and marbles Palaeoproterozoic.

Huaqiao Formation ( ) Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Jishou Sheet. Revised by Peng Shanchi et al., 2004 (The Paibi Section in Huayuan, northwestern Hunan. A Global Standard StereotypeSection and Point for Cambrian Furongian Series and Paibi Stage, in Editorial Committee of Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 2004, Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (28): 11-25) Huaqiao in Baojing County, northwest Hunan Province The reversionary Huaqiao Formation, for limestone (the sum of original Huaqiao Formation, Chefu Formation and Bitiao Formation) Mid Cambrian Synonym: Chefu Formation; Bitiao Formation. Huari Formation () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Sun Chongren ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (63), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Qinghai Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 163. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team Huari in Zeku County, Qinghai Province For dacite and volcanic clastic rocks Late Triassic. Huarong Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing:

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Geological Publishing House, 46, table 10 Huarong in Huaping County, Yunnan Province Early Cambrian. Huashan Formation ( ) Huanshan Series, geographic name Huashan was Romanized as Kazan by the Japanese (LSI) Morita G, 1941, On the stratigraphy of the Jurassic coal-bearing series distributed mainly in northeastern Manchuria, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 48(570): 167-168 Huashan in Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province For red beds with interbeds of workable coal seams, with basal conglomerate of huge boulders and bentonite and fossil flora Early-Mid Cretaceous.

Huashan Formation ( ) Saito R, 1943, Precambrian Stratigraphy of South Manchuria and North China, Mem. Geol. Inst. Manchukuo, (18): 36-104 Huashan, northwest of Linjiang, Hunjiang County, Jilin Province Proterozoic Homonym: Huashan Group,

Huashan Member.

Huashan Group ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Huashan in Suixian County, Hubei Province For the sum of Dagushi Formation, Hongshan Formation and Liufangzui Formation Proterozoic Homonymous with Huashan Formation. Huashan Member ( ) Liu Jinrong, 1978, Devonian Stratigraphy of Xiangzhou, Guangxi, in Institute

of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 10 Huashan close to Xiangzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For phosphate & iron-bearing part of rock within local Tungkangling Formation Mid Devonian Homonymous with Huashan Formation. Huashan Silicalite Member (L)

Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36),Stratigraphy (Lithostraic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 78 Huashan in Lintan, Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province For silicalite Early Cambrian. Huashanling Formation ()

Liu Yaguan, 1980, Jiangxi Geology, (2) Huashanling in Dongjia, Fengcheng County, Jiangxi Province For grayish white, purplish red sandy conglomerate, fine-grained sandstone and shale Early Carboniferous Huashanling Formation

is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Huashiban Formation () Jin Xiaohua, Zhai Zhiqiang, Li Xianji, Liu Chaoan, 1962, Proceedings of the

First Congress of Representatives of Geological Society of Guizhou Province, Geological Society of Guizhou Huashiban village, 30 km east of Panxian County, Guizhou Province For gray, light gray to grayish white medium-thick bedded massive limestone Late Carboniferous. Huashiguan Formation () Li Yongjun, 1990, The Stratigraphic Division of the Triassic in the Minjiang River

valley in the Western Qinling Mountains, Regional Geology of China, no.2 (serial no.33), 126-131 Huashiguan in Dangchang County, Gansu Province For limestone Mid Triassic.

Huashishan Dolomite ( ) Zhu Shaolong, Zhu Deshou, 1974, Geological Science and Technology, (5) Huashishan in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province For dolomite EarlyLate Carboniferous Synonymous with Laohudong Dolomite; Homonymous with

Huashishan Group.

Huashishan Group ( ) Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huangyuan Sheet Huashishan, south of Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province Composed of Kesuer Formation and Beimenxia Formation, for dolomite and crystalline limestone Sinian.

Huashugou Formation ( ) Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 46, table 19. First appeared in a manuscript by No.6 Element of Qilianshan Geology Team Huashugou close to Nanshan, Hexi Corridor, Qilianshan Mountain, Gansu Province For a component formation within the Zhulongguan Group Mesoproterozoic. Huatianpo Formation ()

No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guangyuan Sheet Huatianpo in Sichuan Province Silurian.

Huatiaoshan Formation ( ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Aqikekule District Huatiaoshan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Miocene-Pliocene.

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Huatien Formation ( +) Huatien Series, geographic name Huatien was Romanized as Nouadian by the Japanese (LSI) Nisida S, 1940, Rept. Inst. Geol. Surv. Manchuria, (99) Huadian (Huatien) County, Jilin Province For grayish white, gray gravel-bearing sandstone, sandstone, muddy sandstone and calcareous mudstone, with interbeds of oil shales Eocene.

Huating Group ( ) Huating Coal Series Huo C S, Liu T C, Chang E T, 1946, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, vol.37, 44, 48, 58 Huating County, Gansu Province For coal series Early Jurassic. Huaxi Formation ( ) No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guiyang Sheet Huaxi Town, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Mid Triassic.

Huaya Formation () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Qi Hua et al. Huaya in Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province A component formation within the Donghe Group, for parti-coloured siltstone, with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Early Cretaceous. Huayenssu Formation (.) Huayenssu Limestone Lu Yanhao, Mu Enzhi, 1955, Geological Knowledge, (2) Huayansi (Huayenssu), southwest of Changshan Town, Quxian County, Zhejiang Province For dark gray to black thin-bedded limestone, with thin-bedded calcareous shale in the upper part Late Cambrian. Huayong Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 163. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Zhang Xianqiu Huayong in Nanhai City, Guangdong Province For the sum of Xiqiaoshan Member and Jinxinggang Member Eocene. Huayu Formation ( ) Xiaohuayu Formation Henan Geology Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuchang Sheet, Pingdingshan Sheet Xiao Huayu in Tangzhuang, Dengfeng County, Henan Province A component formation

within the Sungshan Group, for seritite phyllite, phosphate-bearing brecciated phyllite, with interbeds of marble Palaeoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Huayuan Formation ( ) Sang Baoliang, Shao Guiqing, 1979, Henan Geology, (4) Huayuan in Huoqiu County, Anhui Province For a component formation within the Huoqiu Group Archean. Huazhige Formation ( ) No.2 Yunnan Geology Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Maguan Sheet Huazhige in Maguan County, Yunnan Province For coal-bearing strata Miocene.

Hubaoling Shale () Mu Enzhi, 1948, Geological Review, vol.13, 158 Hubaoling close to Yulingang, Hainan Province For purple, yellow shale and sandstone Jurassic

Huchashan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Huchawula Hill in Hangwulasumu, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish white sandy conglomerate, sandstone and gravelbearing sandy mudstone Miocene. Hudukedaban Formation (5) Hou Hongfei, Xiang Liwen, Lai Caigen, Lin Baoyu, 1979, Advances in the Palaeozoic Stratigraphy of Tianshan-Xing’an Region, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(3): 175-187 Hudukedaban, south of Jinghe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the local “Late Ordovician coral”-bearing limestone Late Ordovician Hudukedaban Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Huengtien Gravel (') Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 448 Huntian (Huengtien) in Hubei Province For loose gravel with well-rounded quartzite pebbles Pleistocene. Hugang Formation () Xu Yuxuan, Yan Defa, Zhou Shuquan, et al., 1979, in Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology, Academia Sinica et al., 1979, Red Beds of Mesozoic and Cenozoic of South China, Beijing: Science Press Hugang in Xichuan County, Henan Province For dark grayish red breccia with interbeds of calcareous siltstone Late Cretaceous Homonym: Hugang Formation (2).

Hugang Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33],

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Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 264 Hugang, close to Xingkai lake, Heilongjiang Province For eolianite, included Huanggang Member, Erdaogang Member, Taiyanggang Member and Dahugang Member Pleistocene-Holocene Homonymous with Hugang Formation (1). Hugejiletu Formation () Tao Minghua, Zhu Yuheng, Zheng Guoguang, Zou Weihong, Li Yanxia, 2000,

Stratigraphical Sequence of Jurassic in Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, in Editorial Committee of Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, 2000, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 203-207 Hugejiletu close to Gegu Well no.1, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For red conglomerate and sandy conglomerate in well interval of 322-676.5 m Late Jurassic.

Huguangyan Formation (#) No.1 Guangdong Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qishuigang, Zhanjiang, Wushigang and Haikou Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Guangdong Hydrological Geology Team Huguangyan in Suixi County, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province For basic volcanic rocks and volcanic clastic rocks Pleistocene. Huhai’ao Formation ( )) Zhao Yinsheng, 1989, The discovery of the Nantuo drift sheet in eastern Hubei and redefinition of the Sinian System, Regional Geology of China, no.2 (serial no.29), 106-112 The village of Huhai’ao located at the side of a reservoir, Qichun County, Hubei Province For a series of volcanic clastic rocks Sinian. Huhsingshan Formation () Huhsingshan Series Liao Shifan, 1951, Bull. Geol. Central-South China, (3): 78 Huxingshan (Huhsingshan) in Xiangtan County, Hunan Province For flint gravel and coarse-grained sandstone Jurassic. Huibu Formation () Deng Youhua, Hu Qiuhua, Xu Hongchang, et al., 1984, Bull. Nanjing Inst. Geol. Min. Res., 5(2) Huibu close to Laizhou (Yexian) County, Shandong Province For a component formation within the local Fenzishan Group Palaeoproterozoic. Huicaozi Quartzite (> ) Tseng F J, 1945, Geology and Mineral Resources of Lantsang District, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36) Huicaozi in Yongren County, Yunnan Province For purplish red, yellow quartzite Devonian. Huihekou Formation () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional

468

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 334. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.1 Heilongjiang Hydrogeology Team Huihekou at the two rivers convergence of Hui River and Nuomin River joint, 15 km south of Ewenki Banner, Hailaer City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For purplish brown, yellow clay and sand, gravel beds Pleistocene. Huihsien Formation (() Huihsien Series Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geo. Surv. China, ser. A, (9) Huixian (Huihsien) County, Gansu Province For purplish red loose sandstone and clayey shale, with interbeds of a few green sandstones and thin-bedded shales Neogene.

Huihuipu Group ()) Huihuipu Series, Xinminpu Group Wang Shangwen, 1949, Geological Re-

view, 14(4-6): 171-172. First appeared in a 1936 manuscript by Meng Zhaoyi

Huihuipu (today Xinminpu) in Qingquan Township, northeast of Yumen City, Gansu Province For chocolate color, gray-grayish green clay shale and alternat-

ing beds of dark red, grayish green conglomerate, sandstone and muddy shales Cretaceous Invalid substitute name: Xinminpu Group. Huiku Formation ( )

Lee H T, Wang Y,1985, Geology and tectonic near Likuan on southern cross mountain high way, Taiwan, Geology, 6 (1) Huiku on Southern Cross Mountain Highway, Taiwan Province For a component formation within the local Pilushan Formation Eocene.

Huili Group (1) (* 1) Huili Series Chang L C, 1937, Geology and Mineral Resources of Seven Counties, (9) Huili County, Sichuan Province Cretaceous Homonymous with Huili

Group (2).

Huili Group (2) (* 2) No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huili Sheet. First appeared in a1963 manuscript by Xie Zhenxi Huili County, Sichuan Province Originally for a series of metamorphic formations of isoflysch and carbonate rocks Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Huili Group (1). Huilo Formation () Huilo Limestone Lee J S, Chao K K, Chang W Y, 1941, Stratigraphical Tables

of Kwangsi, Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Kuilin, Academia Sinica. First appeared in a manuscript by Cheng K Huiluo (Huilo) in Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Late Devonian.

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469

Huilong Group ()) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Mo ZhusunHuilong in Gaoyao County, Guangdong Province For purplish red, grayish white dolomitic schist and quartzose sandstone Early Ordovician A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Huilongsi Formation ()

Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 64. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Huilongsi in Tongbai County, Henan Province A component formation of Maoji Group, for schist and quartzite Proterozoic.

Huimin Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongjing Sheet Huimin Mining District, Lancang County, Yunnan Province For schist with interbeds of ferruginous silicate rocks and marble lenticle Proterozoic.

Huinong Formation () Tong Guobang et al., 1998, Journal of Stratigraphy, 22(1): 42 Huinong County, Gansu Province Pleistocene.

Huiquanbao Formation ( ) Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tianzhen Sheet Huiquanbao in Yangyuan County, Hebei Province For coarse-grained clastic conglomerate and red mudstone Late Cre-

taceous.

Huishan Formation (*) Huishan Series, geographic name Huishan was Romanized as Kaisan by the Japan-ese (LSI) Saito R, 1943, Mem. Geol. Inst. Manchukuo, (18) Huishan located at the bank of Fanhe River, close to Tieling, Liaoning Province For crystalline dolomite, limestone, slate and quartzite Proterozoic.

Huishantsing limestone ( ) Li Yueyan, 1940, Geological Review, 5(6): 506 Huishanjing (Huishantsing), south of Wutongqiao, Sichuan Province For limestone Cretaceous.

Huishihtun Group (*) Huishihtun Series, geographic name Huishihtun was Romanized as Kaishiton by the Japanese (LSI) Saito R, 1943, Precambrian Stratigraphy of South Manchuria

470

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

and North China, Mem. Geol. Inst. Manchukuo, (18): 36-104 Huishitun (Huishihtun) in Liqianhu Township, Tieling, Liaoning Province For purple, green shale, sandstone, limestone and clay Proterozoic. Huitangqiao Formation (* ) Hu Jimin, 1979, Chara fossils of Early Cretaceous in Henyang Basin, in Proceeding of First Congress of Micropalaeontological Society of China Huitangqiao in Qidong County, Hunan Province For purplish red muddy siltstone, silty mudstone, with interbeds of grayish green and parti-coloured mudstone Late Cretaceous. Huitoushan Formation ()) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Huitoushan in Baisha, Changning County, Yunnan Province For gray muddy banded limestone with interbeds of schist Sinian.

Huixian Formation ()) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luxi, Ruili, Huinongdao Sheet Huixian in Luxi District, Yunnan Province For dolomite with interbeds of sandstone, with black limestone in the upper part Mid Devonian. Huixiangdian Formation ())) Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Jianhai ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (35), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Fujian Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 12. First appeared in a 1993 manuscript by Northeastern Fujian Geology Team Huixiangdian in Jiunu Township, Pucheng County, Fujian Province For leptynite Archean. Huixiangping Formation ()) No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1975, Features of bedded ultrabasic rocks in Fanjingshan Region of Guizhou Province and a preliminary discussion of their origin, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1975(4): 351-364 Huixiangping close to Heiwanhe River, Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province For spilite, keratophyre and bedded basic rocks Palaeoproterozoic. Huixianshan Formation (*) No.1 Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang City, Weifang City, Youxi Sheet Huixianshan in Shandong Province Early Cretaceous. Huixing Formation ()/) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menglian Sheet Huixing in Yunnan Province Early Permian.

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Huixingshao Formation ()!) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 1974, Hand-

book of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Ge Zhizhou Huixingshao in Rongxi, Xiushan County, Sichuan Province For purplish red muddy shale with interbeds of yellowish green siltstone, shale Late Silurian. Huixingzhen Formation (* ) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 300. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Henan Institute of Geological Science Huixingzhen in Sanmenxia City, Henan Province For gray gravel beds, sands and clay Pleistocene. Huiyu Conglomerate () Wang C C, Lee Y Y, 1938, Geology of the Yangchiatun Coal Field, West of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Surv.China, (31) The village of Huiyu in West Hills, Beijing Municipality For conglomerate Carboniferous-Permian.

Huizhou Formation (() Guilin Formation (No.322 Anhui Geology Team or Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971) Zhang Wentang, Chen Piji, et al., 1976, Estheritina of China, Beijing: Science Press Huizhou (Shexian) County, Anhui Province The charac-

ter of original Guilin Formation, for purplish red, dark red sandy mudstone, calcareous sandstone with interbeds of conglomerate Early Cretaceous To substitute the name of Guilin Formation. Hujiacun Formation (1) ( 1) Tsao Ruichi, Liang Yuzhuo, 1974, On the classification and correlation of the

Sinian System in China, based on a study of algae and stromatolites, Mem. Nanjing Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Academia Sinica, (5): 1-26 Hujia village in Liaoning Province Mesoproterozoic Homonym: Hujiacun Formation (2).

Hujiacun Formation (2) ( 2) Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 203. First appeared in a manuscript of documents by Northwestern China Stratigraphical Congress of Mesocenozoic Hujiacun in Yanchang county, Shaanxi Province For gray, grayish green thick-bedded sandstone with interbeds of argillaceous rock Late Triassic Homonymous with Hujiacun Formation (1).

472

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hujiagou Group () Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 68. First appeared in a 1940 manuscript by Zhang Jun Hujiagou in Dabashan Mountain area, northern Sichuan Province Cambrian.

Hujiataizi Formation () Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology,

1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang District, Henan Province Hujiataizi in Danjiang City, Henan Province For limestone Sinian. Hujiayuan Formation (+)

An Sanyuan et al., 1990, in Liu Guohui, Zhang Shouguang ed., 1990, Proceed-

ings of Geology of Qinling-Dabashan Mountains, Beijing, Beijing: Science and Technology Press Hujiayuan in Shaanxi Province Proterozoic.

Hujiazhai Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingwu Sheet Hujiazhai in Pingwu County, Sichuan Province i.e. Wugongkou Formation.

Hujiazhuang Group ( ) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 142 Hujiazhuang in Xiuzigou, Shengwan Township, Xichuan County, Henan Province For dark gray argillaceous limestone and dolomite Mid Cambrian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Huji’ersite Formation () Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, China Academy of Geological Sci-

ences and Zhu Shida, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huji’ersite Sheet Huji’ersite in Bukesaier County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish brown sandy conglomerate with interbeds of siltstone, gary conglomerate, dacite and limestone lenticle Mid Devonian Synonym: Chaganshan Formation. Huji’ertu Formation ()

Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Darhan Muminggan Joint-Banner (Bailingmiao) Sheet Hujiertu, northwest of Bailingmiao, Darhan Muminggan Joint-Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For argillaceous limestone, epidote rock and metamorphic sandstone Mesoproterozoic.

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Hukou Shale () Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt. 1, Palaeozoic and Older,

Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 485488 Hukou County, Jiangxi Province For black and dark shales with interbeds of coal seams Late Permian.

Hulagou Formation () Halagou Formation Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangjiakou Sheet Hulagou in Hebei Province Jurassic. Hulangpa Formation (!!) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 299. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Henan Institute of Geology Hulangpa in Henan Province Brownish red clay sands and Gravels Pleistocene.

Hulashan Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoertu Sheet Hulashan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous. Hulin Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by No.108 Team of Heilongjiang Company of Coal Field Exploration Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish white, grayish green, parti-coloured mudstone, coarse-grained sandstone, with interbeds of conglomerate, peat and lignite Eocene. Huling Formation () Huling Phyllite Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province , Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 37 Huling in Geyang, Xiajiang County, Jiangxi Province For gray, grayish green, grayish yellow phyllite with interbeds of siltstone Neoproterozoic. Huliuhe Formation (,) Wang Dean, 1982, Chinese Science Bulletin, 27(4): 227-229 Huliuhe River in Yangyuan County, Hebei Province For a component part of dark red brecciabearing clay beds within a new subdivision Weixian Formation of original Hiparion Red Clay Pliocene.

474

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hulo Formation () Hulo Shale Hsu C, 1934, Monogr. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Academia Sinica, Ser.A, vol.IV, 7 Huluosi (Hulo), 60 km south of Ningguo County, Anhui Province For dark gray to black silicalite beds with interbeds of siliceous shale and carbonaceous shale Mid Ordovician

Huluchiao Formation (') Chen K D, Liu H S, 1939, Geology of Kongshui River Valley, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (2): 8-33 The village of Hulujiao (Huluchiao), 5 km south of Baiexu, Huichang County, Jiangxi Province Sinian.

Huluhsing Limestone (') Hu Bosu, Cheng Shaoqi, Wang Taikui, 1938, Geological Review, 3(6): 591-600 Huluxing (Huluhsing), northeast of Suining County, Hunan Province For grayish blue massive limestone Early Ordovician.

Hulun Buir Formation () Geographic name Hulun Buir was Romanized as Haronbair by the Japanese (LSI) Iwai J, Yoshizawa H, Watanabe T, Okada S, 1937, Geol. Geogr. Northwest Manchuria Highland of Hulun Buir, southwest of Manchouli, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For eolian sands Pleistocene.

Hulun Formation () Compiling Group for Petroleum Geology of Daqing Oil Field, 1993, Petroleum Geology of China, vol. I, Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press Hulun lake in Hulun Buir Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For light gray and purplish red sandy mudstone Early Cretaceous.

Hulunshan Formation ( ) Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.303 Element of No.3 Petroleum Geological Survey Team of National Geology Bureau Hulunshan in Xiewan Township, Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For grayish brown sandy conglomerate, with interbeds of yellowish brown argillaceous rocks and gravel-bearing sandstone Miocene Synonym: Laozhuang Formation. Hulushan Formation (') Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology,

1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Minle Sheet, Neixiang District Hulushan in Neixiang Township, Henan Province For shale, ironbearing sandstone and quartzose sandstone Late Devonian.

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Hulustai Formation () Hulustai Limestone Du Hengjian, 1950, Geological Review, 15(1-3): 92-93 Hulusitai (Hulustai) in Helanshan Mountain, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For limestone Mid-Late Cambrian Synonym: Abuqiehai Formation. Hulutao Formation (') Wang H S, Hou T F, 1931, General Features of the Hulutao Harbour, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (16): 26 Huludao (Hulutao) Harbour in Liaoning Province For quartzite and shales, with thick-bedded conglomerate in the base Proterozoic.

Humangtung Gneiss ( ) Wang S W, 1930, Mining and Metallurgy, 4(13): 48 Humangdong (Humang-

tung) located at the boundary between Changting County and Liancheng County, Fujian Province For gneiss Archean. Hunanying Formation () Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Hunanying in Huanan County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of hornblende quartz schist, quartz schist and albite schist Mesoproterozpic. Hunchun Formation () Geographic name Hunchun was Romanized as Konsyun by the Japanese (LSI) Sakamoto T, 1936, Shina Kogyo Jiho, (86) Hunchun County, Jilin Province Composed chiefly of grayish blue sandstone and shale intercalated with medium sandstone, clay and lenses of coal Palaeogene.

Hungchi Formation () Wang H C, 1945, Some Triassic Sections from Mileh, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 25(1): 37-46 Hongxi (Hungchi) in Mile (Mileh) County, Yunnan Province For gray thin-bedded or massive limestone, dolomitic limestone with interbeds of argillaceous limestone and lime breccia Mid Triassic. Hungchungping Limestone (!) Chao T T, 1929, Geological Notes in Szechuan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 8(2): 137-150 Hongchunping (Hungchungping) in Emeishan Mountain, Sichuan Province For limestone Sinian.

Hunghuayuan Limestone ( ) Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Geosci. Depart. Inst. Liberal Arts, National Chekiang

Univ., (1). First appeared in a manuscript by Zhang Mingshao & Sheng Xinfu, Zhang and Sheng’s paper was published in 1958 Honghuayuan (Hunghuayuan), 7 km south of Tongzi County, Guizhou Province For thin-bedded limestone Early Ordovician.

476

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hungkaoling Formation ( ) Chang W Y, Chen C T, 1938, Brief Report Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (7) Honggaoling (Hungkaoling), north of Laibin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For purplish red shale and sandy shale with interbeds of thinbedded limestone Late Triassic. Hungkou Sandstone ( ) Hungkou Series Sun C C, 1936, On the stratigraphy of upper Huangho & Nan Shan region, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 75-86 Honggou (Hungkou) in Yaojie, Yongdeng County, Gansu Province For sandstone Cretaceous Synonymous with Chingtuching Formation. Hungkureh Formation (,) Berkey C P, Granger W, 1923, Amer. Mus. Novit., (77): 9 Huanggulei (Hungkureh) in the foot of Baga Bogda Mountain, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Pliocene. Hungmiaoling Sandstone ( ) Yih L F, 1920, Geology of His-shan or Western Hills of Peking, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (1) Hongmiaoling (Hungmiaoling) in West Hill of Beijing Municipality For yellowish white quartzose sandstone Late Permian.

Hungshan Formation () Hongshan Formation (1) T’an H C, 1922, The Coal Field of Tzu-chuan & Poshan, Shantung, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4) Hongshan, east of Zichuan County, Shandong Province Permian Homonym: Hongshan Formation (2), (3). Hungshankou Sandstone ( ) Yang Jie, 1957, Geological Review, 17(2): 161-178 Hongshankou (Hungshankou) in West Hill, Beijing Municipality For sandstone Late Permian. Hungshanyao Formation () Yuan P L, 1925, Carboniferous Stratigraphy of Northwest Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(1): 29-38 Hongshanyao (Hungshanyao) in Yongdeng County, Gansu Province For alternating beds of shale and limestone Late Carboniferous. Hungshihyen Formation () Hungshihyen Shale Kuo W K, 1941, Ordovician Stratigraphy of Erhtsun, Kunming, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 21(2-4): 257-260 The village of Hongshiya

(Hungshihyen), north of Ercun, 2 km northwest of Kunming City, Yunnan Province

For purplish red, grayish green, and grayish white sandstone and shale, partly with phosphate-bearing sandstone Early Ordovician.

Hungshuichuang Formation (! ) Hungshuichuang Shale Kao C S, Hsiung Y H, Kao P, 1934, Preliminary Notes on Sinian Stratigraphy of North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(2): 243288 Hongshuizhuang (Hungshuichuang) in West Hill, Beijing Municipality For shale Presinian.

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Hungtuliang Formation ( ) Hungtuliang Series Sun C C, 1934, Geology of Suiyuan & Southwest Chahar, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (12) Hongtuliang in Hebei Province Jurassic.

Hunhe Group () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology

of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 283. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by No.2 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Hunhe in Liaoning Province For the sum of Jiazhangsi Formation and Santaizi Formation Neogene Homonym: Hunho Formation. Hunho Formation () Hunho Series Yih L F, 1920, Geology of His-shan or Western Hills of Peking,

Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (1). First appeared in a 1910–1912 manuscript of Geological Map by Solger E Hunhe (Hunho) (i.e. Yongdinghe River) in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality Carboniferous and Jurassic Homonymous with Hunhe Group.

Hunshuihe Formation ( ) Tong Yongsheng, Wang Jingwen, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 18(1): 21-27 Hunshuihe close to Hujiacun village, Lingbao County, Henan Province For brownish red mudstone with interbeds of conglomerate, grayish brown sandy mudstone, sandstone with interbeds of mudstone Eocene. Huntan Formation (') Xigeda Formation Chang L C, 1937, Geology and Mineral Resources of sev-

eral Counties, Report of Natural Resources Survey of Szechuan (1), Published by Department of Construction, Szechuan Government Hundan (Huntan) village located at the bank of Jinshajiang River, southwest of Huili County, Sichuan Province For greenish gray, black gray and rakish white marl shale, with interbeds of green sandstone, with alternating beds of shale and conglomerate occasionally PliocenePleistocene New Name: Xigeda Formation. Hunyuan Shale () Grabau A W, 1923, Cretaceous mollusca from North China, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (5) Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province For dark purple massive mudstone Cretaceous.

Huobashan Group (,) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Huobashan in Gexi Township, Geyang County, Jiangxi

478

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Province For the sum of Shixi Formation and Lengshuiwu Formation Early cretaceous. Huoboshan Formation () No.2 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Boketu Sheet. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Wang Ying Huoboshan in Heilongjiang Province For grayish green breccia with interbeds of quartzose sandstone and silicalite Mid Devonian. Huocheng Formation () Wang Jingbin, Cheng Shoude, 1985, in Institute of Geological Sciences, Xinjiang

Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Regional Geological Survey Team, Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1985, Stratigraphy and Trilobite Faunas of the Cambrian in the western part of northern Tianshan, Xinjiang [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (2)Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, ix+242, 18 Huocheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For phosphorite-bearing microcrystalline limestone Early Cambrian. Huodao Formation (- ) Zhou Guoqiang, 1995, Guangdong Geology, 10(1): 10. First appeared in a 1993 manuscript by Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team Huodao in Gaoyao County, Guangdong Province For brownish gray to greenish gray muddy finegrained sandstone, phyllite and marble Sinian.

Huohe Formation () Zhao Ziqiang, Xing Yusheng, Ding Qixiu, 1988, Sinian of Hubei, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Huohe in Zhushan County, Hubei Province For marble Sinian. Huohong Formation (M) Guizhou Working Team of Stratigraphy and Palaontology, 1977, Regional Stratigraphical Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Huohong District in Ziyun County, Guizhou Province For gray mudstone, sandy mudstone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone, fine-grained sandstone and siliceous limestone Mid Devonian, Huojialing Formation () Han Zhongren et al., 1998, Regional Geology of China, 17(2) Huojialing in Tantou Township, Yongfeng County, Jiangxi Province For parti-coloured phyllite with interbeds of graywacke and blastotuffite Neoproterozoic.

Huolienchai Limestone () Kobayashi T, 1930–1931, Jap. Jour. Geol. Geogra. vol.8, 136-138 Huolianzhai(Huolienchai) in Benxi County, Liaoning Province For limestone Mid Cambrian Congenital Homonym: Huolienchai Shale.

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Huolienchai Shale () Kobayashi T, 1930–1931, Jap. Jour. Geol. Geogra., vol.8, 136-138 Huolianzhai(Huolienchai) in Benxi County, Liaoning Province For shale Mid Cambrian Homonymous with Huolienchai Limestone.

Huomucun Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology

of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 213. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Zhang Zhenxian Huomucun in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Late Triassic Huomucun Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Huomushan Formation ()

Huomushan Group Xia Zhongshi, 1987, Brief Introduction of Devonian System of Sichuan, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 98-103. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Huomushan in Mianning County, Sichuan Province For marble with interbeds of schist and gravel-bearing sandstone Early Devonian.

Huopachung Formation (,) Huopachung Coal Series Meng H M, 1936, Geological Reciew, 1(3): 341 Huobachong (Huopachung), 25 km southwest of Gejiu County, Yunnan Province For parti-coloured fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, muddy shale and fine-grained conglomerate, with interbeds of Carbonaceous shale and coal seams Mid-Late

Triassic.

Huoqiu Complex ( ) Huoqiu Group, Huoqiu Formation Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team,

1976, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Anhui Province. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.337 Geology Team of Anhui Bureau of Metallurgical Geology Huoqiu County, Anhui Province For the sum of Huayuan Formation, Wuji Formation and Zhouji Formation Archean.

Huoshaogou Formation (1) (

 1) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 127, chart 30. First appeared in a 1946 manuscript by Situ Yuwang, Du Boming, Zhang Weiyan and Zhang Fujin Huoshaogou in Kuantai, Jiuquan County, western Gansu Province For red mudstone, sandstone and conglomerate Tertiary Homonym: Huoshaogou Formation (2).

480

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Huoshaogou Formation (2) (

 2) Dai Yongding, 1963, in Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol.1, Beijing: Science Press Huoshaogou, southwest of Diaoyutai, 20 km west of Erdaohezi, 60 km north of Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province For phyllite, metamorphic sandstone, and crystalline limestone Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Huoshaogou Formation (1). Huoshaojian Formation (

) Zhang Huimin, Zhang Wenzhi, 1984, Middle and Upper Proterozoic Magnetostratigraphy and Tectonic Evolution in Eastern China, in Scientific Papers on Geology for International Exchange (1), Prepared for the 27th International Geological Congress, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 151-160 Huoshaojian in Xingshan County, Hubei Province For conglomerate, coarse-grained sandstone with interbeds of dolomite Neoproterozoic. Huoshaoshan Formation (

) Li Peijuan, He Yuanliang, Wu Xiangnong, Mei Shengwu, Li Bingyou, 1988, Early and Middle Jurassic Stratigraphy and flora of northeastern margin of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai, Nanjing: Nanjing University Press Huoshaoshan located at the northern margin of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province Early Jurassic. Huoshenmiao Formation (1) ( 1) Nishida V, Asano G, 1939, Report of Inst. Geol. Surv. Manchuria, (97) Huoshenmiao in Liaoning Province Late Permian Homonym: Huoshenmiao

Formation (2).

Huoshenmiao Formation (2) ( 2) Jin Shouwen, Zhang Yi, et al., 1973, Geological Information of Henan, (1).

First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team

Huoshenmiao in Erlangping Township, Xixia County, Henan Province A com-

ponent formation within the Erlangping Group, for spilite, keratophyre, and silicalite Paleozoic Homonymous with Huoshenmiao Formation (1). Huoshihshan Beds ()

Huoshihshan Siliceous Beds Yu C C, Kuo H T, 1948, Bull. Nat. Res Inst. Geol., (8): 177 Huoshishan (Huoshihshan), east of Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province For flint beds Permian Synonym: Luojia Flint Beds; Homonymous with Huoshishan Formation.

Huoshiling Formation () Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing

H

481

House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Yang Xuelin Huoshiling in Jiutai County, Jilin Province For grayish green andesite, tuffite with interbeds of sandstone, mudstone and coal seams Late Jurassic. Huoshishan Formation () Yang Wenzhi, 1981, Henan Geology, (1): 55-66 Huoshishan in Xiatang Township, Henan Province A component formation of Huanglianduo Group, for sandstone, conglomerate and siliceous beds Sinian Homonymous with Huoshishan Beds.

Huoshiwan Formation () Yang Jialu et al, 1991, Cambian Stratigraphy, Lithofaices Paleogeography and Trolobita Fauna of Eastearn Qinling Mt. and Dabashan Mt., Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Huoshiwan in Shaanxi Province Early Cambrian.

Huotiya Group () Huotiya Formation Hou T F, Wang H H, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2) Huodiya (Huotiya), east of Yingzuiyan, between Guangyuan County and Nanjiang County, Sichuan Province Sinian.

Huoxia’er Formation () Yang Jiduan, Li Peijuan, et al., 1994, Discovery and stratigraphic significance

of sporopollen assemblage of Late Triassic in Aketao District, in Proceedings of Petroleum Geology of Tarim Basin, Western Bureau of Petroleum, Ministry of GeologyHuoxiaer Coal Mining in Wuyitake, Aketao County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green mudstone, sandstone with interbeds of coal Late Triassic. Huoxian Group () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team and No.213 Shanxi Geology Team,

1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen, Qinyuan Sheet Huoxian County, Shanxi Province For the sum of Pengpenggou Formation, Xiaonanping Formation, Dananping Formation, Anziping Formation, Huangliang Formation and Zhengnangou Formation Archean. Huoxinggou Formation (!) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangzhou Sheet Huoxinggou close to Yunzhen Town, Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province Late Devonian.

Huoyangou Conglomerate (0) Yang Shigong, 1963, in Geological Society of Beijing ed., 1963, Abstract of 1963

Annual Science Meeting of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Coal Field Group, 6566 Huoyangou in West Hills, Beijing Municipality For conglomerate Late Carboniferous.

482

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Huoyanxi Formation (#) Du Dinghan, Zhou Zhijun, Wang Wuyuan, 1986, (Research on the Devonian Sys-

tem of the Qinling-Dabashan Mountains District, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press, 77 Huoyanxi in Xinglongchang, Zhenba County, Shaanxi Province The upper part of the original Lonpanshan Formation, for carbonate rocks with interbeds of clay stone Late Devonian Huoyanxi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Huoyenshan Conglomerate (1) Geographic name Huoyenshan was Romanized as Kaenzan by the Japanese (LSI) Ando S, 1930, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, vol.37, Supplement to no.447 Huoyenshan in Daanxi, Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For conglomerate PliocenePleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Huoyen-

shan Group.

Huoyenshan Group (1) Geographic name Huoyenshan was Romanized as Kaenzan by the Japanese (LSI) Ando S, 1930, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, vol.37, Supplement to no.447 Huoyenshan in Daanxi, Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For a group included Huoyenshan Conglomerate Pliocene-Pleistocene Congenital homonym with the same name

and subordinate relationship: Huoyenshan Conglomerate. Huping Formation ()

Xu Chaolei, 1980, Geological Science and Technology of Shanxi, (3) Huping close to Tongshanba, Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province A component formation of the Jiangxian Group, for gneiss Archean.

Hurige Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hadayingzi Sheet Hurige in Hadayingzi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For volcanic rock with interbeds of sedimentary rocks Late Jurassic.

Hurleg Formation () Yang Jingzhi, Sheng Jinzhang, Wu Wangshi, Lu linhuang, 1962, The Carbonif-

erous of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Mu Enzhi Hurleg Hills, close to Huaitoutala, Oulongbuluke, Delingka County, Qinghai Province For coal series with interbeds of limestone Carboniferous. Hushan Formation ()

No.762 Element of Guangdong Geological Survey Team, 1963, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kaiping Sheet Hushan in Jinji, Kaiping County, Guangdong Province For silicalite with interbeds of siliceous shale, silty shale and shale Ordovician.

H

483

Hushan Member () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing Sheet Hushan in eastern suburbs of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province A component member within the Chinglung Formation, for yellow mudstone with interbeds of marls, limestone Mid Triassic. Husung Formation () Husung Series Wang C C, 1922, Stratigraphy of Pao-the-chou, Northwestern Shansi, Bull. Geo. Surv. China, (4). First appeared in a 1917 manuscript “Geological Report of Ping, Yu, Lu, Ze” by Wang C C herself The village between Yuci County and Heshun County, Shanxi Province For red sandstone and shales Permian-Triassic. Hutashi Formation (,) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1986, Regional Geology of An-

hui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 23. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by No.311 Geology Team of Anhui Bureau of Metallurgical Geology Hutashi close to Erlang River, northwest of Susong County, Anhui Province A component formation of Susong Group, for schist, marble, and gneiss Palaeoproterozoic. Hutian Formation () Ding Peizhen, Fan Jiasong, Hao Shusheng, Sha Qingan, Ding Qixiu, 1961, Upper Palaeozoic Stratigraphy of Zibo, Shandong, in Geological Chihkan, (7): 57-74. First appeared in a 1952 manuscript by Guan Shicong & Zhang Wentang Hutian mining area in Zibo Coal Field, Zibo County, Shandong Province For aluminiferous shale Late Carboniferous. Hutiaochian Schist (-) Hutiaochian Green Schist Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic

Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1946 or 1947 manuscript by Misch P Hutiaojian in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, northwestern Yunnan Province For green schist Early Permian Synonymous with Gangdakai Formation. Hutien Formation (,) Hutien Limestone Tien C C, Wang H C, 1932, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (13): 4-16 Hutian (Hutien ) Town, 60 km northwest of Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province For yellow massive limestone with interbeds of grayish white red Late Carboniferous. Huto Group () Huto System Willis B, Blackwelder E, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, 99-152, Carnegie Institution of Washington Hutuo (Huto) River, southwest of

484

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wutai Mountain, Wutai County, Shanxi Province The sum of Toutsun Slate and Tungyu Limestone, for slate, quartzite, dolomite, flint-limestone Proterozoic Most of the authors, dates and references of this entry in Lexicon of Stratigraphy of China (LSC)’s [Naming] and [Evolution] or in China Stratigraphical Information System, China Geological Survey (www.drc.cgs.gov.cn) are all the rubbish information. Hutoshan Conglomerate () Meng H M, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica, (10) 64 Hutoushan (Hutoshan), 3 km south of Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province For conglomerate and sandstone Cretaceous.

Hutou Formation () Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of

Fujian Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.4], Beijing Geological Publishing House, 172. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Chen Yuantian Hutou in Fujian Province For alluvial fan deposits Pleistocene. Hutoukan formation ( ) Hao K, 1956, Proceedings of Discussion on Petroleum Geology of Taiwan Hutoukan in Taiwan Province.

Hutouliang Member ( ) Hutouliang Formation Huang Baoren, 1980, Chinese Science Bulletin, (6): 277-278 Hutouliang, east of Yangyuan County, Hebei Province For an interval of strata within the top of original Nihowan Beds belong to the Mid Pleistocene Pleistocene Hutouliang Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Hutoupi Formation ( ) Hutoupi Shell-bearing Formation Kaneko S, 1942, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 13(2-3) Hutoupi in Hsinhua, Tainan County, Taiwan Province Consists chiefly of clay and sand Holocene.

Hutoushan Conglomerate () Zhang Lanqing, Chen Jingfa, Han Ying, Sun Tongyi, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 85 Hutoushan in Luanping County, Hebei Province For conglomerate Proterozoic Homonymous with Hutoushan Formation (1).

Hutoushan Formation (1) ( 1) Usami M, 1936, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Ilan Sheet Hutoushan in Ilan County, Taiwan Province Eocene Homonym: Hutoushan

Formation (2).

H

485

Hutoushan Formation (2) ( 2) Zhang Wentang, Zhu Zhaoling, 2000, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeo-

ntology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979–1999), 12 Hutoushan in Linqing County, Shandong Province For oolitic limestone, i.e. Changhsia Limestone Mid Cambriam Synonymous with Changhsia Formation or Changhsia Limestone; Homonymous with Hutoushan Formation (1). Hutousi Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Hutousi close to Longcheng County, Yunnan Province For grayish brown, grayish white and yellowish green quartzite Early Cretaceous. Hutouya Member ()

Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet

Hutouya in Shandong Province For a component member within the Changhsia Formation, for limestone Mid Cambrian.

Hutubihe Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Department (107/75) of Petroleum Geological Survey, Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Hutubi River in Shawan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A component formation within the Tugulike Group, for purplish red sandy mudstone, muddy siltstone with interbeds of grayish green sandstone, marls and limestone Early Cretaceous. Huxianshan Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 270. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Huxianshan in Yueyang County, Hunan Province For mud gravel, varied clay, sands and gravel deposits Pleistocene. Huxingliang Formation (. )

No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kupu Sheet. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Xinjiang Petroleum Administration Bureau Huxingliang Gange located at the

486

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

south foot of the Kalamaili Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For volcanic effusive rocks Late Carboniferous. Huyan Member () Huyan Formation Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, in Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 260. Huyan in Dongxiang County, Jiangxi Province A component member of Ehuling Formation, for agglomerate, tuffaceous breccia Late Jurassic. Huyu Formation () Wu Tieshan et al., 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Huyu in Hengshan County, Shanxi Province For gneiss Archean. Huyutsun Quartzite ( ) Huyutsun Limestone Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 420 Huyu village, north of Nankou, Changping County, Beijing Municipality For quartzite Presinian Synonymous with Changcheng Quartzite. Huzhangzi Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingquan Sheet Huzhangzi in Hebei Province Early

Triassic.

Huzigou Member (/) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 103 Huzigou in Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province For grayish white, pink flintbearing dolomite and dolomite, a member within Kaoyuchuang Formation Mesoproterozoic. Hwachih Formation (#) Hwachih Sandstone Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34; 1927, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol.38 Huachi (Hwachih) County, Gansu Province For red sandstone Cretaceous. Hwanho Formation ($) Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34; 1927, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol.38 Huanhe (Hwanho) Basin in Huanxian County, Gansu Province For alternating beds of red and green thick-bedded sandstones Early Creta-

ceous.

I Ichang Limestone ($) Lee J S, with assistance of Chao Y T, 1924, Geology of the Gorges Area of the Yangtze from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(4): 350-392 Yichang (Ichang) City, Hubei Province For gray thin-bedded limestone, with interbeds of yellowish green shales in the lower part Early Ordovician. Ichuen Formation ($) Ichuen Conglomerate Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34 Yijun (Ichuen) County, Shaanxi Province Early Cretaceous. Ie-ma-Tchouang Formation ( ) Horizon de Ie-ma-Tchouang Depart J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol, L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1, pt.1 Yemazhuang (Ie-ma-Tchouang) in Jianshui County, Yunnan Province For sandstone Late Carboniferous.

Ifeng Formation ($&) Ifeng Coal Series Wang C C, 1930, Geology of the Shiushui Valley, Kiangsi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14): 13-17 Yifeng (Ifeng) County, Jiangxi Province For coal-bearing strata Jurassic Homonym: Yifeng Formation. I-Hsien Formation i.e. Yihsien Formation. Iliang Formation ($) Iliang Series Sun Y C et al., 1955, Pale Ontological History and Geology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 162 Yiliang (Iliang) in south Hebei Province For red, purple, brown shales with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone Early Cambrian. Ilu Formation ($) Chu T H, 1927, Geological Notes in Yunnan, pt.2, 8 Yi-Lu represented the abbreviation of both Yiliang County and Lunan County Ordovician or Silurian. Imen Formation ( ) Imen Red Formation Juan V C, 1942, Geology of Paikuowan Coal Field, Huili, Sikiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (35) Yimen (Imen), south of Baiguowan, Huili County, Sichuan Province For red, purple, yellow sandstone and shales Late Triassic. Imen Formation (%) Imen beds Tan H C, 1943, Geological Review, 8(1/6): 41-66 Yimen (Imen) County, Yunnan Province Composed mainly of red, brown, grayish green and

488

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

purplish yellow, occasionally blackish gray shales, with interbeds of thin-bedded sandstone, and thin-bedded iron mining beds in the upper part Sinian. Imin Formation () Yoshizawa H, 1937, Geol. Geogr. Northwest Manchuria, 61, 62, 63 Yiminhe (Imin River) close to Hailaer City, Heilongjiang Province Late Cretaceous Homonym: Yimin Formation.

Ipinchang Formation (&!) Ipin Chang Series Zeng Dingqian, 1955, Report of Oil Survey Conference, Ministry of Geology Yipinchang (Ipinchang) in Sichuan Province Jurassic-

Cretaceous.

Ipinglang Formation (& ) Ipinglang Coal Series Wang H S, Lu C H, 1936, Report of Geological survey of Ipinglang, Kwangtong, Yunnan, Southwest China Institute of Geology Ipinglang (Yipinglang), Guangtong County, Yunnan Province A series of coal-bearing strata, for green, yellow, black sandy shale, thin-bedded quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of clay stone and conglomerate, today was divided into Pujiacun Member, Ganhaizi Member and Shezi Member Late Triassic. Irdin Manha Formation ( 2) Irdin Mangh Formation Granger W, Berkey C P, 1922, Amer. Mus. Novit., (42): 5 Erdingmanha (Irdin Manha between Pangjiang and Erlian, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish white sand, clay and gravel Eocene. Iren Dabasu Formation () Iren Formation Granger W,Berkey C P, 1922, Amer. Mus. Novit., (42): 4 The

salt pond of Iren Dabasu, 6 km northeast of Erenhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For red and gray sandy clay and coarse-grained sandstone Early Cretaceous. Iren Formation See Iren Dabasu Formation. Geographic name Iren was Romanized as d’Erlian by the Japanese. The abbreviation of Iren Dabasu Formation. Itate Formation (&) Sun Y C, 1944, Sci. Rec., Academia Sinica, 1(3/4) Yidade (Itate, misunder-

standing of “Yutade”) village, close to Panxi, Huaning County, Yunnan Province

For grayish white, grayish black marls with interbeds of yellowish green shales and yellow sandstone, with dolomite crystalline limestone in the lower part Late

Devonian.

Itu Formation ($) Itu Terrace Teilhard de Chardin P, Young C C, 1935, The Cenozoic sequence in the Yangtze Valley, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 14(2): 161-178 Yidu (Itu) County, Hubei Province For terrace Pleistocene.

I

489

Iwu Limestone (%) Wang C P, Ho C S, 1945, Geology of Houso Coal Field, Pingyi, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36): 129 Yiwu (Iwu) between Mojiang and Kunyong, Yunnan Province For limestone Permian.

J Jagka Formation ( ) Jagka Series Li Pu et al., Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Jagka in Zuogong County, Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For thin-bedded limestone, sandstone, and shale with interbeds of coal seams Carboniferous Homonym: Jagka Granite. Jagka Granite (  ) Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Documents of Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 20 Jagka in Zuogong County, Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For biotite granite Mesozoic Homonymous with Jagka Formation. Jamde Granite ( ) Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Documents

of Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Jamde in Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For quartz diorite Mesozoic. Jasu Jergulung Formation (') Berkey C P, Granger W, Morris F K, 1928, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 39(1): 214 Yasuyegulong (Jasu Jergulung) close to the boundary between China and Russia, 120 km northwest of Shalamulun, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For paper shale Early Cretaceous.

Jechouei-tang Limestone ( ) Calcaires de Je-chouei-tang Depart J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.I, fasc.1, pt.1, 75, 148,152 Reshuitang, 33 km southwest of Rongfeng County, Yunnan Province For limestone Early Carboniferous Homonym: Reshuitang Group. Jehol Group () Jehol Series, Johol Series Grabau A W, 1923, Cretaceous Mollusca from North China, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (5): pt. 2 Original Rehe (Jehol or Johol) Province For the fish fossil-bearing green and purple shale between the lower and upper porphyry beds Late Jurssic-Early Cretaceous Synonym: Luanping Group. Jenglung Formation ( ) Jenglung Sandstone and Shale Lin C C, 1951, Some problems on the oil fields of Hsinchu and Miaoli, Formosan Mining Industry, 3(3-4) Jenglung, northeast of Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For sandstone and shale Pliocene. Jenhochiao Formation () Jenhochiao Series Yin T H, Lu C H, 1937, On the Ordovician & Silurian beds of Shihtien, West Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.16, 55 Reheqiao (Jen-

J

491

hochiao), 6 km north of Shidian, Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For dark massive limestone and chert thin-bedded limestone, with black shale, mudstone, limestone and sandstone in the lower part Silurian. Jiabosa’er Formation ( ) Jiapusa’er Formation Hou Hongfei, Xiang Liwen, Lai Caigen, Lin Baoyu, 1979, Advances in the Paleozoic Stratigraphy of Tianshan-Xingan region, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(3): 175-187 Jiabosa’er located at the north bank of Wulungu River of Ertai, Fuyun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the Jiapusa’er Group, for light red limestone and calcareous tuffaceous sandstone Mid Ordovician Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Jiabosa’er Group.

Jiabosa’er Group ( ) Jiapusa’er Group Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qiakuerte Sheet Jiabosaer located at the north bank of Wulungu River of Ertai, Fuyun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Basitawu Formation, Jiabosaer Formation and Keziletesikela Formation Mid Ordovician Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Jiabosa’er Formation.

Jiabula Formation ( ) Jiabula Inter Ice Age Lacustrine Deposits Zhao Xitao, Guo Xudong, Gao Fuqing,

1976, Quaternary Stratigraphy of Mt. Qolmolungma Region, in Rept. Sci. Exped. Mt. Qolmolungma Region (1966–1968), Quaternary Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 1-28 The village of Jiabula, south of Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of fine-grained sands and gravel Pleistocene.

Jiachazong Gneiss (

 ) Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Documents of

Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, fig.48 Jiachazong in Tibet Autonomous Region For gneiss and hornblendite Precambrian. Jiacun Group () Mu Enzhi et al., 1973, Science in China, (1) Jiacun in Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For carbonate rocks with interbeds of clastic rocks Ordovician Synonym: Mount Jolmolungma Formation.

) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 37. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by No.207 Sichuan Geology Team Jiadanqiao on Jinkou River, Yanbian County, Sichuan Jiadanqiao Formation (

492

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Province A component formation of Ebian Group, for gray dolomite, marble and limestone, with interbeds of slate and siltstone Mesopoterozoic. Jiadengda Formation ( ) Ma Fubao, Wang Xiulin, Che Yi, 1984, Classification of the Jiezha Group of Upper Triassic Series of Southern Yushu, Qinghai Province, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (14), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jiadengda in Yushu County, Qinghai Province For dark gray fine-grained silicalite, quartzose sandstone with interbeds of argillaceous and calcareous siltstone Late Triassic. Jiadenglongba Formation () Jiadenglongba Volcanics Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Documents of Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, fig. 72 Jiadenglongba in north Zangzong, Tibet Autonomous Region For red sandstone and volcanic rocks Cretaceous. Jiading Formation () Jioding Formation ( Zhang Zonghu quoted erroneously) Zhang Zonghu ed., 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 522, table 16-2. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Shanghai Hydrological Geology Team Jiading County, Shanghai Municipality For bluish gray, gray, brownish yellow clay with interbeds of fine-grained sands Pleistocene. Jiafu Formation ( ) Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Longyan Sheet Jiafu County, Fujian Province For coalbearing series Mid Permian Synonymous with Tungtzuyan Formation.

Jiagang Group () Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press Jiagang in Ngari District, Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous. Jiaguan Formation () Jiaguan Beds No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Maowen-Guanxian Sheet. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Daduhe River Geology Team of SichuanJiaguan Town in Qionglai County, Sichuan Province For brownish red thick-bedded massive quartzose sandstone and grayish white conglomerate Late Cretaceous. Jiahuanggou Group () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 192. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.207

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Sichuan Air Regional Geological Survey Team Jiahuanggou in Sichuan Province Early Permian Jiahuanggou Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Jiala Formation ( ) i.e. Jialashankou Formation. Jialafu Formation () i.e. Jiaolapu Formation. Jialao Formation () Zhang Wentang, 1974, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Zhang Zhenghua & Zhou Zhiyi Jialao in Jiumenchong, Naogao, Danzhai County, Guizhou Province For carbonaceous limestone, carbonaceous shale, calcareous shale, marls, sandy shale and calcareous siltstone Mid Cambrian. Jialapu Formation ( ) Jialafu Formation (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979–1999), 286) Wang Naiwen, Basulei J, 1984, Jurassic and Cretaceous Systems of Northern Lhasa District, Tibet, in Sino-France Himalayas Research Achievement (1980), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 133-142 Jialapu in Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish black sandstone, shale, limestone, with interbeds of volcanic rocks Early Jurassic Synonym: Chaguoqie Group. Jialashankou Formation ( ) Jiala Formation (Sheng Huaibin, Liu Shikun, 1983) Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, 1982, New Knowledge about Palaeozoic Stratigraphy of Himalaya Mountain District, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 5(2), Beijing, Geological Publishing house Pass of Jiala in Saga County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark purple tuffite, basalt, marls and limestone Mid Permian. Jialazi Formation ( ) Liu Chengjie, Yin Jixiang, Sun Xiaoxing, Sun Yiyin, 1988, Marine Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary sequence—the non-flysch deposits of the Tibet fore-arc basin in South Tibet, Chihkan Inst. Geol. Chinese Academy of Sciences, (3): 130-157 The peak of Jialazi, south of Cuojiangding, Qiongguo, Chongba County, Tibet Autonomous Region Originally dealing with the interval of 15-22 beds within the Cuojiangding Section Paleocene-Eocene Jialazi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Jiali Formation () Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Song Yongxiang, Zhang Zhongying, 1987, Hanjiang Delta, Beijing: China Ocean Press Jiali in Chaozhou County, Guangdong Province

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

For grayish black silty sands, clay, and rhythmic beds composed of coarse-grained and fine-grained sands Pleistocene.

Jialige Formation (4) Yang Zunyi, Yin Hongfu, Xu Guirong, Wu Shunbao, He Yuanliang, Liu Guang-

cai, Zu Jiayin, 1983, Triassic System of Southern Qilian Mt., Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jialige in Qinghai Province Early Triassic Jialige Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Jialingjiang Beds ()

Sun Yunzhu, Zhang Xichi, 1955, Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 224 Jialingjiang River in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province A subdivision within the Chialing Limestone Mid Triassic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Chialing Limestone.

Jialingjiang Limestone i.e. Chialing Limestone. Jialu Formation () No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1975, Features of bedded ultrabasic

rocks in Fanjingshan Region of Guizhou Province and a preliminary discussion of their origin, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1975(4): 343-349. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Xhao Huachen Jialu in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province For schist with interbeds of pink marble lens Mid Proterozoic.

Jialuhe Formation () No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet, Huma Sheet Jialuhe River in Heilongjiang Province Mid Permian.

Jiama Limestone () Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Documents of

Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, fig. 48 Jiama in Lhasa Valley, Tibet Autonomous Region For muddy bryozoan limestone Jurassic-Cretaceous.

Jiamacao Formation (>) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 227. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Sanxia Hydrological Geology Team Jiamacao in western Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province Neogene.

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Jiamainong Group ( ) Liu Guangcai, 1988, Qinghai Geology, (2) Jiamainong in Nangqian County, Qinghai Province Composed of black slate, siltstone with interbeds of limestone and a few volcanic rocks and coal seams (lower part); limestone (upper part) Late Carboniferous. Jiamuhe Formation () Jin Yugan, 1987, Stratigraphy, in Department of Geosciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1987, Geological Development and the Prospect of Oil and Gas, Beijing: Science Press, 16-32 Jiamuhe, southwest of Hala’alate Mountain, Wuerhe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For parti-coloured volcanic breccia, tuffite with interbeds of gravel beds and sandstone lens Early Permian. Jiamukaba Formation ( ) Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Jiamukaba in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Jurassic.

Ji’an Gravel Beds () Yao Qingyuan, He Zhaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary Study on the Quaternary Stratigraphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 77-83. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Yao Qingyuan Ji’an County, Jiangxi Province For gravel beds Pleistocene. Jian’ancun Formation () North China Institute of Geology , Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, Tianjin, 133-140 Jian’ancun close to Dongye, Shanxi Province For yellowish green, grayish green slate, with interbeds of marble, white quartzite and brownish red iron-bearing quartzite Proterozoic. Jiancaodianzi Formation (! +) Zheng Chunzi, 1989, New division of the Devonian stratigraphic sequence of Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 13(1): 47-51 Jiancaodianzi close to Wangjiajie, west of Huangyutun, Yongji County, Jilin Province  For light gray and black thinbedded limestone with interbeds of flint limestone Early Devonian Jiancaodianzi

Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Jianchang Formation () Compiling Group for Liaoning Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Liaoning Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Ren Guanzheng Jianchang County, Liaoning Province For volcanic rocks and bentonite Late Jurassic. Jianchang Formation (! ) Xiang Liwen, 1999, Changping Formation, in Xiang Liwen, Zhu Zhailing, Li Shanji, Zhou Zhiqiang ed., 1999, Stratigraphical Lexicon of China, Cambrian Sys-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

tem, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 20. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Zhang Wentang Jianchang in Benxi County, Liaoning Province For banded flint limestone Early Cambrian. Jianchanggou Formation (" ) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Integrative Geological Map of Neixiang District Jianchanggou in Xichuan County, Henan Province For red sandstone, siltstone and conglomerate Late Cretaceous. Jianchuan Formation () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1975, Mesozoic Red Beds of Yunnan, Beijing: Science Press Jianchuan County, Yunnan Province For red sandstone and mudstone Late Triassic. Jianfang Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989,Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 41 Jianfang (Lingdian) in Xinlin Township, Tayuan County, Heilongjiang Province Dealing with a component formation within the Lingdian Group, composed of metamorphic quartzose sandstone, slate, phyllite, crystalline limestone and metamorphic volcanic rocks Neoproterozoic. Jianfeng Formation () Xue Wanjun et al., 1991, Research on Geology of Hainan Province, (4) Marine

mountain of the Jianfeng, north of northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province For gray silty clay with interbeds of ash Pleistocene. Jiangba Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Jiangba in Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous.

Jiangbasitao Formation ( ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhifang Sheet Jiangbasitao, north of Zhifang in Balikun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, yellowish green, dark green calcareous tuff siltstone, tuff silty mudstone, carbonaceous mudstone, carbonaceous siltstone and graywacke Early Carboniferous. Jiangbian Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 159. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Wu Ping & Jin Yuqin Jiangbian in Dongfang County, Hainan Province Dealing

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with a component formation within the Nanhu Formation, for alternating beds of gray, brownish gray calcareous siltstone, and mudstone Early Permian. Jiangcuo Formation ( ) Zhang Zhenggui et al., 1989, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (20), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jiangcuo in Shenzha County, Tibet Autonomous Region Early Permian.

Jiangdaogou Formation ( ) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Geological Science and Technology of Shanxi, (3) Jiangdaogou valley, northwest of Tongshan Town, Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the middle formation within the Songjiashan Group, for schist with interbeds of quartzite and marble Palaeoproterozoic.

Jiangdong Formation () Mao Yanshi, Guan Weiyi, et al., 1985, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (17) Jiangdong close to Youyi bridge, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For schist, gneiss, leptynite, migmatite, marble Archean.

Jiangdonggou Formation () Zhao Jinke, Chen Chuzhen, Liang Xiluo, 1962, The Triassic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 24. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Wang Yu et al. Jiangdonggou, east of Ziyun County, Guizhou Province For grayish green fine-grained sandstone and shale Mid Triassic.

Jiange Formation (*) Chen Chuzhen, Chen Piji, Ma Qihong, 1964, New observation of Mesozoic of

Northern Sichuan, Memoirs of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (1): 84-95 Jiange County, Sichuan Province For purplish red sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Early Cretaceous.

Jianghe Formation ( ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinxian County Sheet Jianghe in Xinxian County, Henan Province For a component formation within the Tapei Group Archean.

Jianghe Formation () Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript of documents by Meeting of Marine Triassic-Jurassic Stratigraphy of Western China Jianghe close to Xiahuancang, Tianjun County, Qinghai Province Dealing with a component formation within the Yangkang Group, for alternating beds of grayish green sandstone, siltstone, shale and bioclastic rocks Early-Mid Triassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jiangjiagou Formation ( ) Yang Zhihua, 1991, Tectonic Lithofacies and Mineralization in Marginal Transformed Basin, Beijing: Science Press Jiangjiagou in Shaanxi Province Late

Devonian.

Jiangjiakuang Formation ( ) No.1 Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet Jiangjiakuang in Shandong Province Early Cretaceous.

Jiangjiawan Formation ( ) Du Demin, 1984, Discovery of the deposits of the Linxiang Age of Late Ordovi-

cian in Jiangjiawan, western margin of Ordos Basin, Regional Geology of China, (10): 84 Jiangjiawan in Shibangou, Huanxian County, Gansu Province For sandstone, siltstone, shale and mudstone Late Ordovician.

Jiangjiawei Formation (#) Qi Donglun, Du Senguan, 1984, The Ordovician of the Susong Region, Anhui, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(2): 144-151 Jiangjiawei close to Longshan, northeast of Susong County, Anhui Province For shale with interbeds of limestone Early

Ordovician.

Jiangjiayao Conglomerate (#) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 153 Jiangjiayao in Fanjiatun, Yongji County, Jilin Province For alternating beds of conglomerate, sandstone or graywacke Late Permian.

Jiangjunfu Member ( ) Zhang Wei, 1984, Guangdong Geology, 9(2) Jiangjunfu in Guangdong Province Early Jurassic.

Jiangjungou Formation ( ) Wang Jingbin, Cheng Shoude, 1985, in Institute of Geological Sciences, Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Regional Geological Survey Team, Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1985, Stratigraphy and Trilobite Faunas of the Cambrian in the Western Part of Northern Tianshan, Xinjiang [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China (2) Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 3, 31 Jiangjungou close to Guozigou, west part of Northern Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray massive sandstone, calcareous siltstone with interbeds of limestone Late Cambrian.

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Jiangjunmiao Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Yang Chenlu Jiangjunmiao close to Shengligou, north of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, brownish red and grayish green conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone and mudstone Late Permian. Jiangkou Formation () Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dongkou Sheet Jiangkou village in Dongkou County, Hunan Province For slate and limestone Sinian. Jianglang Group () Sichuan Air Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qijiang Sheet Jianglang in Sichuan Province Ordovician. Jiangligou Formation () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 152. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.7 Qinghai Geology Team and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangligou close to Longwuhe River, Qinghai Province A component formation of the Longwuhe Group, for alternating beds of sandstone, mudstone and slate Early Triassic. Jianglongma Formation () Tibet Air Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Jianglongma in Pulan District, Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic. Jianglongzong Granite ( ) Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Documents of Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, fig. 38 Jianglongzong in lakes area of northern Tibet Autonomous Region For porphyritic granite Post Late Cretaceous. Jiangping Formation ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 285. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Jiangping in Fangcheng Ge Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For

500

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

sea wall composed of grayish white, brownish yellow and reddish brown piebald sandstone Pleistocene. Jiangse Volcanics () Wu Hauruo, Wang Dongan, 1981, Proceedings of Studies of Sedimentary Petrology, Beijing: Science Press, 120-127 Jiangse village, 5 km south of Jiding County, Tibet Autonomous Region For volcanic silicalite Late Cretaceous.

Jiangxian Group () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Sanmenxia Sheet Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province For the sum of Huping Formation, Luweigou Formation, Xuanfenggou Formation, Pingtouling Formation, Henglingguan Formation, Yuantoushan Formation, Tungkuangyu Formation and Shijiashan Formation Palaeoproterozoic. Jiangxigou Formation () Zhao Ziqiang, Xing Yusheng, Ding Qixiu, 1988, Sinian System of Hubei, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Jiangxigou in Shuangtai, Zhushan County, Hubei Province For black slate, carbon-bearing silicalite, dolomite, limestone or marble, with interbeds of carbonaceous shale Sinian. Jiangyema Formation ( ) Guo Tieying, Liang Dingyi, et al., 1982, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 90-103 Jiangyema, 100 km southeast of Zhada County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish white, light red limestone Late Permian. Jiangying Formation ( ) Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality, and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 89. First appeared in a manuscript by No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team Jiangying in Fengning County, Hebei Province For a component formation within the Shuangshanzi Group Archean. Jiangzhen Formation () No.311 Anhui Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Taihu Sheet Jiangzhen in Huaining County, Anhui Province Currently dealing with only the part of volcanic rocks in the original Jiangzhen Formation, for grayish white, light gray, and light rhyolitic volcanic rocks Early Cretaceous. Jiangzi’erkuduke Formation () Jiangzikuduke Formation Wang Hongru, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qia’erte Sheet Jiangzi’erkuduke in Xinjiang Uygur Au-

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tonomous Region For sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of conglomerate, andesite, tuffaceous sandstone and tuffite Late Devonian- Early Carboniferous. Jiangzikuduke Formation () i.e. Jiangzi’erkuduke Formation. Jianhu Formation () Yuan P L, Du H J, 1984, Biostratigraphy of Cenozoic of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jianhu in Jianchuan County, Yunnan Province For

alternating beds of grayish yellow siltstone with interbeds of greenish gray ventricular gravel beds, gravel, sand and clay Holocene.

Jianhu Group (!) Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1962, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 92. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Wang Wenbin Jianhu in northwestern part of lakes area, Tibet Autonomous Region For siliceous limestone and calcirudite limestone Late Devonian. Jianjiaxi Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 257. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Hunan Petroleum Geology Team Jianjiaxi in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province For lacustrine muddy sandstone with interbeds of salt mineral resources Paleocene.

Jianling Formation () Ge Meiyu, Chen Yu, Han Zheyuan, Yang Zhiquan, 1983, Cambro-Ordovician strata in Yaxian, Hainan Island, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(1): 41-49 Jianling in Yaxian County, Hainan Province For clay stone, gravel-bearing siltstone, sandstone and calcirudite siltstone Mid Ordovician. Jiannigou Formation () Zhai Yupei, 1977, Geological Science and Technology, (6) Jiannigou in Diebu County, Gansu Province A component formation of the Diebu Group, for sandy and carbonaceous phyllite, occasionally with interbeds of silicalite or siliceous slate Early Silurian. Jian’ou Group ( ) Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pucheng Sheet Jian’ou County, Fujian Province For the

sum of Dikou Formation, Longbeixi Formation, Daling Formation (1), Songyuan Formation and Wudang Formation Neoproterozoic. Jianquanzi Beds ( ) Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Gansu Geology, (2): 6-7 Jianquanzi in Gansu Province Oligocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jianshan Formation (1) ( 1) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bayan Obo Sheet Jianshan in Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For slate, quartzose sandstone, silty, muddy slate and limestone Mesoproterozoic Homonym: Jianshan Formation (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5). Jianshan Formation (2) ( 2) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing Sheet Jianshan in Jiangsu Province Pleistocene Homonymous with Jianshan Formation (1). Jianshan Formation (3) ( 3) Liu Hongchou, Liang Jiande, Yang Zucai, et al., 1980, Bulletin of Lanzhou University, (3): 104-118 Jianshan located at the north side of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, 48 km northwest of Yongchang County, Gansu Province For gray quartzose

sandstone, with interbeds of black slate, gravel-bearing sandstone and thin-bedded limestone Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Jianshan Formation (1).

Jianshan Formation (4) ( 4) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Jiangshan in Yunnan Province Early Permian Homonymous with Jianshan Formation (1). Jianshan Formation (5) (5) Ma Xiaoda, 1983, Classification and Correlation of Marine Jurassic of Southern Qinghai and Northern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 113-117. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Integrative Research Team of No.4 Tibet Geology Team Jianshan, 45 km west of Zigedancuo, northeastern margin of Lunpola Basin, Anduo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray, yellow, black muddy shale with interbeds of limestone and marls Early Jurassic Homonymous with Jianshan Formation (1); Synonym: Zhamunaqu Formation. Jianshangou Formation () Xidagou Formation Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Cai Tuci ed.), 1999, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (65), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Jianshangou close to Xidagou, Jimusaer County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, brownish yellow, yellowish gray and grayish green conglomerate with interbeds of mudstone Early Triassic Substitute Jianshangou Formation for Xidagou Formation. Jianshantai Formation () No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuwei Sheet Jianshantai in Tianzhu County,

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Gansu Province For grayish white thick-bedded limestone Early Silurian. Jianshanying Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lijiang Sheet Jianshanying in Jinzigou Township, Ninglang County, Yunnan Province Composed of conglomerate or brecciated limestone

(lower part); oolitic limestone, bioclast limestone with interbeds of marls (upper part) Carboniferous.

Jiantang Formation () Ma Wanchang et al., 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200,000 Scale Geological Map: Boli County Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Chen Xiling et al.Jiantang in Linkou County, Heilongjiang Province For migmatite Palaeoproterozoic. Jiantang Formation ( ) An Taixiang, 1987, The Lower Palaeozoic Conodonts of South China, Beijing: Peking University Press, 8. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Li Shanji Jiantang close to Qiangongping, northwest of Fenghuang, Hunan Province For the part of carbonate rocks with fossils in the upper part of original Bitiao Formation, Such as Trilobita Mictosaukia, Tellerina, etc. Late Cambrian Jiantang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Jiantsaokou Formation ( ) Lu Yanhao, 1959, Classification and Correlation of Ordovician of Southern China,

Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1945 manuscript by Wang Yu & Chen Mengxiong Jiancaogou (Jiantsaokou) is the erroneous calling of Jiancaohe River, close to Donggongsi, Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For purplish red thin-bedded to medium-bedded knotty limestone and marls Late Ordovician. Jiantuliang Formation (! ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Aqikekule Sheet Jiantuliang in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Pliocene. Jianxing Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jianxing in Suileng County, Heilongjiang Province Composed of basal conglomerate, gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone, with interbeds of siltstone, mudstone and coal seams Early Cretaceous. Jianzhanong Formation ( ) Li Xingxue, Wu Yimin, Fu Zaibin, 1985, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 24(2): 150-170. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.4 Tibet Geology Team

504

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jianzhanong in Xiagangjiang, Cuole County, southeast of Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray sandstone and fine-grained sandy conglomerate, with interbeds of coal seams Late Permian.

Jianzhuba Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Jianzhuba in Chengkou County, Shaanxi Province For gray thin-bedded limestone bands with interbeds of mudstone and carbonaceous slate Early Cambrian.

Jiaobuleshihe Formation (%) No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team(Xie Guisheng), 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huma Sheet Jiaobuleshihe in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For black, grayish black silty slate, carbonaceous slate, yellowish brown, yellowish green tuffite Early Cambrian.

Jiaodebu Basalt (%) Dongjiaodebu Basalt Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province[Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Jiaodebu Hill in Wudalianchi, Dedu County, Heilongjiang Province For blackish gray, purplish red, dark purple amygdaloidal vesicular structure olivine-basalt Pleistocene. Jiaodong Complex (*) Guo Wenkui, 1950, Recent Notes on Mineral Resources Survey, (109) Eastern Jiaozhou Bay District, Shangdong Province For deep metamorphic rocks Arch-

ean.

Jiaoga Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Jiaoga Township in Mangkang County, Tibet Autonomous Region For fine-grained clastic rocks, limestone with interbeds of tuffite Early Permian.

Jiaogaoshan Formation ( ) No.2 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Jiaogaoshan (i.e. Ya’ergaiyinwenduo’er)

in Ewenkezu Autonomous Banner (Nantun), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

For light yellow tuffite, quartz hornstone-porphyry with interbeds of black slate, mudstone and sandstone, with conglomerate partly Early Carboniferous.

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505

Jiaohe Group () Morita G, 1943, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 50(595): 114-1173 Jiaohe in Jilin Province For conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone and coal seams Late

Jurassic.

Jiaoliuhe Formation () Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by No.102 Jilin Coal Field Geology Team Jiaoliuhe River, west of Baicheng City, Jilin Province For the volcanic rocks within the lower part of local coal series Late Triassic. Jiaomuchaka Formation ( ) Wu Ruizhong, Cheng Dequan, et al., 1986, The Stratigraphic System of Qiang-

tang Distinct, Northern Tibet Autonomous Region, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (9), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jiaomuchaka in Double Lakes Area, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish gray brecciated limestone, biolimestone and oolitic limestone Mid Permian. Jiaonan Group (*) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Rizhao Sheet Jiaonan County, Shandong Province For the sum of Dashangou Formation, Zhenjiagou Formation, Qiuguanzhuang Formation and Yujialing Formation Palaeoproterozoic.

Jiaotanzhuang Group ( ) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15 Jiaotanzhuang in Hebei Province For the sum of Manshan Formation, Muchang Formation, Sidaohe Formation and Hongtupo Formation Archean. Jiaowei Formation ( ) No.4 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology, 1965, Report of Integrative Studies of Petroleum Geology of Guangdong Area Jiaowei Pai in Xuewenli, south tip of Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong Province For alternating

beds of gray, grayish green mudstone, silty mudstone and fine-grained sandstone

Miocene.

Jiaoyuan Formation (%) Yu Jixian, Wang Mingsheng, Yang Jianchao, et al., 1985, Henan Geology, 3(4): 55-62 Jiaoyuan in Luanchuan District, Henan Province For quartz porphyry or rhyolitic porphyry Mesoproterozoic Synonymous with Jidanping Formation.

506

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jiaozhou Formation (*) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaomi, Qingdao, Lingshanwei Sheet Jiaozhou City, Shandong Province For purple siltstone with interbeds of grayish green siltstone, marls and sandy conglomerate Late Cretaceous-Paleocene.

Jiaoziding Complex () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 24 Jiaoziding in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province For magma complex Palaeo proterozoic.

Jiaozigou Formation () Qiu Zhanxiang, Xie Junyi, Yan Defa, 1990, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 28(1): 924 Jiaozigou, 10 km southwest of Suonan Town, Dongxian Autonomous County, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province For two informal intervals of purplish red mudstone, sandy mudstone, sandy mudstone, brownish red mudstone with interbeds of grayish brown gravel-bearing sandstone within the local Linxia Formation Miocene Jiaozigou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Jiapila Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gamdo Sheet Jiapila in Qamdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For red clastic rocks, with interbeds of andesite or limestone partly Mid-Late Triassic.

Jiaposa’er Formation ( ) Jiapusa’er Formation (Xinjiang Bureau of Geology, 1993, 69) Wang Hongru,

1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qiakuerte Sheet

Jiabosa’er in Northern Dong Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the formation within the Jiapusaer Group Mid Ordovician Homonym: Ji-

apusa’er Group.

Jiapusa’er Group ( ) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region[Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 69 Jiabosa’er in Northern Dong Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Basitawu Formation, Jiabosa’er Formation (or Jiapusa’er Formation) and Keziletesikela Formation Late Ordovician Jiapusa’er Group included the Jiabosa’er (or Jiapusa’er) Formation; Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Jiabosa’er Formation.

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Jiaqiong Formation () Wang Mingzhou, Cheng Liren, 1980, Bulletin of Changchun College Geology, (3) Jiaqiong in Tibet Autonomous Region Jurassic.

Jiaqu Formation () Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, 1982, New Knowledge of Palaeozoic Stratigraphy

of Himalaya Mountain Area, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (7), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jiaqu between Jiacun and Yali, Nyalam County, Tibet autonomous Region Dealing with the upper part of Jiacun Group, for light purple argillaceous limestone and bioclastic limestone Synonym: Quanshang Formation (1), Ngari Formation. Jiashan Formation ()

Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yangzhou Sheet Jiashan County, Jiangsu Province Sinian.

Jiashan Formation () Jioshan Formation (erroneous spelling in Zhang Zhonghu, 1991, 522,528) Cai

Zuren, Huang Aizhen, 1991, The Simple Explanation on Marine Transgression and Climatic Evolution of Wenzhou Plain Area Since 730 thousand years, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1991, Proceedings of the Quaternary Geology along the Coastal Area of Southeastern China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 89-94. First appeared in a manuscript by No.14 Zhejiang Geology Team Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province For hard clay Pleistocene. Jiashangou Formation () Cao Xuanduo, Zhang Ruilin, et al., 1990, Bull. Geol. Inst. Xi’an, (27). First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Jiashangou in Liuba County, Shaanxi Province For carbonaceous silty slate with interbeds of siltstone Early Carboniferous.

Jiawendaban Formation ( ") Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for

1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Kangxiwa, Western Kunlun Mt. to Heweitan, Kunlun Mt. District Jiawendaban in Qiangchengmo River, southeast of Konggashan pass, Hetian County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray quartzose sandstone, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of bioclastic limestone Early Permian. Jiaxiang Sandstone ( ) Chang Zhilin, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou, 1992, Late Paleozoic Sedimentary En-

vironments and Coal Accumulation, Book Series on Earth Sciences of Shanxi, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 13 Jiaxiang in Lingchuan County, Shanxi Province For sandstone Early Permian.

508

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jiaxiangzhai Sandstone ( ) Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology

of Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 332 Jiaxiangzhai in Jiucang, Renhuai, Xishui County, Guizhou Province Dealing with a component member within the local Shazimiao Formation, for light sheeted sandstone Jurassic. Jiaxiantian Formation ()

Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 25. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Tang Xiaoshan Jiajiantian (Jiaxiantian) close to Furongxi village, Qunfeng Township, Qianyang County, Hunan Province For grayish green quartzose sandstone, graywacke with interbeds of slate Neoprotero-zoic. Jiaxing Formation ( ) Cai Zuren, Ye Guoliang, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Zhe-

jiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.6 Zhejiang Geology Team Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province For parti-coloured clay, yellow sands and gravel beds Pleistocene. Jiaxiu Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 58. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Northwest Sichuan Geology Team Jiaxiu close to Caibaoshan, Luqu County, Gansu Province For alternating beds of dark gray, yellowish green sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone and mudstone Jurassic. Jiayin Group () Jiayin Group Luo Yuxing, Zhang Zhicheng, Li Weirong, 1983, Late Mesozoic and Tertiary strata in the Jiayin-Xunke Region, Heilongjiang, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(3): 169-183 Jiayin County, Heilongjiang Province For the sum of Yongancun Formation, Taipinglinchang Formation and Yuliangzi Formation Late Cretaceous. Jiayuan Formation () Joint Team of Jiangsu and Anhui Regional Geological Survey Teams, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuzhou Sheet Jiayuan in Zhancheng Township, Pixian County, Jiangsu Province A component formation

of the Huaihe Group, for silty limestone with interbeds of siltstone, mudstone, grayish green shale, stromatolite, limestone lens Neoproterozoic.

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Jiayuguan Formation () Wang Dexu et al., 1986, Gansu Geology, (6) Jiayuguan in Gansu Province Late Permian Jiayuguan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Jiayuqiao Group () Jiayuqiao Schist Li Pu, 1955, Preliminary Knowledge of Geology of Eastern Tibet, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7): 62-71 Jiayuqiao on Nujiang River, west of Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region For chlorite schist, graphite-schist, quartzite with interbeds of limestone, limestone with interbeds of chlorite schist Palaeozoic. Jiazhangsi Formation ($ ) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 283. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by No.2 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Jiazhangsi, north of Shenyang City, Liaoning Province For a component formation within the Hunhe Group Miocene. Jiazhila Formation ( ) Rao Rongbiao, Xu Jifan, Chen Yongming, Zou Dingbang, 1987, Triassic of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jiazhila in Quka, Hajia District, Gongjue County, Tibet Autonomous Region For parti-coloured quartzose sandstone and siltstone Early Triassic. Jibozhai Formation () Zhou Xiyun, Zhai Zhiqiang, Xian Siyuan, 1981, Oil & Gas Geology, 2(2): 123140 Jibozhai in Kaili County, Guizhou Province For mudstone, siltstone with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone Early Silurian. Jidaguo Group ( ) Qian Fang, 1982, Glacial Geology of Quaternary of Southeast Foot of Nyaingentanglha Mt., in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (4), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jidaguo in Nyaingentanglha District, Tibet Autonomous Region Pliocene-Pleistocene. Jidanping Formation (E) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet Jidanping village in Tongshan Township, Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province For purplish red, grayish black rhyolite, quartz andesite, quartz porphyry and volcanic clastic rocks Mesoproterozoic. Jide Formation () Bai S L, Jin S Y, Ning Z S, 1982, The Devonian Biostratigraphy of Guangxi and Adjacent Area, Beijing: Peking University Press, 203 ps., 37 pls. Jide village

510

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

in Dale Township, Luzhai County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For alternating beds of limestone with interbeds of flint bands, grayish green shale and mudstone Mid Devonian Jide Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Jidike Formation ( ) Tian Zaiyi, Wang Aimin, Wu Mang, 1960, Cenozoic Stratigraphy of Xinjiang. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by No.2 and No.10 Teams of Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Jidike in Kuqa County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brownish red mudstone with interbeds of grayish green muddy bands Tertiary. Jidong Basalt () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 257 Jidong County, Heilongjiang Province For basalt Pliocene. Jidonglong Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Deqin Sheet Jidonglong, 36 km west of Deqin County, Yunnan Province For gray calcareous clastic rocks with interbeds of carbonate rocks and volcanic rocks Early Permian. Jidula Formation ( ) Mu Enzhi, Yin Jixiang, Wen Shixuan, Wang Yigang, Zhang Binggao, 1973, Stratigraphy of the Mount Jolmo Lungma Region in Southern Tibet, China: Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1973(1): 25-36 Jidula in Zongshan, west of Gangba County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish white, yellowish brown quartzite with interbeds of thin-bedded sandy limestone and calcareous shale Paleocene. Jiedi Formation (+) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Jiedi (Jidi) in Zhongdian County, Yunnan Province For gray limestone, argillaceous limestone and dolomite, with interbeds of purplish red, yellowish green shale and siltstone Early-Mid Triassic. Jiega Formation (,) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gadake Sheet Jiega in Geji County, Tibet Autonomous Region For parti-coloured metamorphic sandstone, conglomerate, limestone, volcanic rocks and volcanic breccia Early Cretaceous. Jieguanting Formation (.*) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 99. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology

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511

Jieguanting in Dahongshan District, Hubei Province For a component formation within the local Yingshan Group Proterozoic.

Jiegutai Formation (-) Longwangmiao Formation (No.2 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology, 1963) Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kaiyuan Sheet Jiegutai close to Longwangmiao, Dadianzi Basin, Tieling County, Liaoning Province For grayish brown conglomerate with interbeds of gravel-bearing sandstone, black sandstone, shale sand coal seams Early Jurassic. Jiehejie Formation ( ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangzhou Sheet Jiehejie, 40 km southeast of Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province For gray limestone with interbeds of calcareous slate and limestone Early Carboniferous.

Jieliehe Formation ($() No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xunke County, Changjiatun, Xinxing, Furao, and Baihualinchang five Sheets Jieliehe in Heilongjiang Province Jurassic. Jieling Member () Yoh S S, Hou H F, 1962, Science Quarterly of University of Peking, 8(3): 226-284 Jieling in Shaoyang County, Hunan Province Early Carboniferous Synonym: Shuanghe Member. Jielong Formation ($) No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laxiu Sheet Jielong in Yushu County, Qinghai Province For slate with interbeds of limestone and sandstone Mid Triassic.

Jielongqiao Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 235. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Zhu Lunjie Jielongqiao in Luyang, Huaihua County, Hunan Province For sandy mudstone, siltstone, and fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of coal seams Early Jurassic. Jienu Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet Jienu in Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region For white, gray, green, purplish red conglomerate, sandstone, silty mudstone, sandy shale, with interbeds of volcanic rock, gravel-bearing sandstone and sandy limestone Mid Jurassic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification.

512

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jiepai Formation (") Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, (11) Jiepai in Xixia County, Henan Province For light green knotty cordierite schist, quartz schist with interbeds of marble, marbleized limestone with interbeds of hornblend-schist Late Proterozoic. Jiepailiang Formation (" ) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 22. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Bai Jin Jiepailiang in Zhongtiaoshan Mountain District, southeastern Shanxi Province For light pink, light gray fine-grained quartzite, with conglomerate locally Proterozoic. Jieshandaban Formation () He Guoxiong, 1984, Stratigraphy of Karakorum Area, in Wen Shixuan et al., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 190-200 Jieshandaban in Karakorum Mountain, Tibet Autonomous Region Late Jurassic Jieshandaban Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Jiesheng Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Jiesheng in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For agglomerate Early Permian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Jieshou Formation (!) Guangwu Formation (Compiling Group for Anhui Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology

of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 180 Jieshou County, Anhui Province For the sum of original Guangwu Formation and the upper part of original Fushan Formation Paleocene Substitute name of Guangwu Formation.

Jiezha Group ($) Jiezha Formation Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Wenquan Sheet Jiezha (today Jieza) in Zhaduo County, Qinghai Province For clastic rocks and carbonate rocks with interbeds of volcanic rocks Mid-Late Triassic. Jifucun Formation () Jipucun Formation (Liang Dingyi et al., 1991) Yang Zunyi, Nie Zetong, et al., 1990, Palaeontology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 1-209 Jifucun in Duoma, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For algal reef and coral reef Late Triassic.

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Jifuke Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team and Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Jifuke in Boluohuoluo Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A series of coral-bearing carbonate rocks Mid Silurian. Jigongjing Formation (.) Liu Yongyao, Sun Zhenhua, Yang Shaoming, 1984, Transitional types of the Cambrian and Ordovician systems in southeastern Hubei, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(2): 94-106 Jigongjing, south of Yangloudong, Puqi County, Hubei Province For grayish black carbonaceous, silty shale with interbeds of marls and mudstone Early Cambrian. Jigongling Formation () Wang Yunhui, Chen Huacheng, Qin Zhaosong, 1989, Journal of Stratigraphy, 13(2): 133-138 Jigongling in Gaoan County, Jiangxi Province For dark gray limestone and flint limestone Early Permian.

Jigongshan Formation (1) ( 1) Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map: Puqi Sheet Jigongshan in Town of Puqi County, Hubei Province For a formation within the Wuchang Group Early Jurassic Homonym: Jigongshan Formation (2). Jigongshan Formation (2) ( 2) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingwu Sheet Jigongshan in Sichuan Province Devonian(?) Homonymous with Jigongshan Formation (1). Jigujiao Formation () Huang Huizhen, Tang Baogen, Yang Wenda, 1996, Sedimentary Geology of Changjiang Delta, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jigujiao in Yangtze Delta, Jiangsu Province For underground strata Holocene.

Jiguling Formation () Zhou Xiyun, Zhai Zhiqiang, Xian Siyuan, Oil & Gas Geology, 2(2): 123-140 Jigushan in Shiqian County, northeastern Guizhou Province Mid Silurian. Jijiagou Limestone (%) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province[Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 145. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Jijiagou in West Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi

514

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Province For the lowest limestone bed within the local Pankou Limestone Member Late Carboniferous. Jijialing Formation (&) Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Continental Stratigraphy of Mesozoic of China,

Beijing: Science Press, 57. And Gu Zhiwei, 1962, Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 42, First appeared in a manuscript by No.2 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Jijialing in Jilin Province For reddish green sandy conglomerate with interbeds of mudstone Early Cretaceous Used to substitute for Tsuantou Formation with the same name within the Quantou Group. Jijiawopu Diamictite (&) Jijiawopu Tillite Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Liaoning Province[Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 314. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Liaoning Hydrological Geology Survey Team The village of Jijiawopu in Changbaoyingzi, Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province For brownish red mud-gravel Pleistocene. Jijigou Formation () Xu Fuxiang, Du Baoan, Li Wangzu, Li Xiurong, Duan Wenhai, Shen Guanglong, 1976, Science Bulletin of Lanzhou University, (4): 78-93 Jijigou in Alxa You Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish white, yellowish brown sandstone, purplish red conglomerate, marls and shale, with interbeds of carbonaceous shale and coal seams Late Jurassic. Jijitaizi Formation () No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongliudaquan Sheet. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Guo Jingxin Jijitaizi, 20 km east of Beishan Coal Mining, Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For thick-bedded carbonate rocks Carboniferous. Jijiu Formation (' ) Yang Zengrong, 1985, Silurian of Southern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing HouseJijiu in Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a part of limestone within the Pulu Formation Mid-Late Silurian Jijiu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with nonlithostratigraphic meaning. Jijuntun Formation (( ) Hong Youchong, Wang Shitao, Wang Sien, Li Yougui, Sun Mengrong, Sun Xiangjun, Du Naiqiu, 1974, Acta Geologica Sinica, 48(2): 113-123 Jijuntun in Fushun District, Liaoning Province For light brown, dark brown mudstone, marls and oil shale Eocene.

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Jilantai Formation ( ) Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Alxa Zuo Banner Sheet Jilantai in Jilantai Basin, Alxa Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of yellow, gray clay, sands, gray silty sands, with interbeds of red clay Pleistocene. Jilin Basalt ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 256 Jilin Township, Jidong County, Heilongjiang Province For black vesicular massive olivine-basalt with interbeds of sandstone and mudstone Oligocene. Jilin Formation (( ) Ma Changxin, et al., 1992, Geology of Presinian of Northeastern Jiangxi, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jilin in Boyang County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the Shuangchiaoshan Group, for purplish red slate, silty slate, fine-grained blastosandstone with interbeds of grayish green slate, fine-grained sandstone, silt slate and a few keratophyre and spilite Mesoproterozoic. Jilin Granite ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Chart (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 124, chart 6 Jilin City, Jilin Province For grayish white, light red biotite-granite and hornblendite-biotite-granite Palaeozoic-Mesozoic. Jilingwan Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Zhang Youzheng Jilingwan in Heyuan County, Guangdong Province For volcanic rocks Jurassic.

Jilong Formation ( ) Yin Jixiang, Guo Shizeng, 1976, On the Discovery of the Stratigraphy of Gondwana Facies in Northern Slope of the Qomolangma Mt. in Southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1976(4): 291-322 Jilong (or Jilonggongba) in Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region Composed of three members: Zhadari Diamictite Member (lower); Arenaceous Siltstone Member (middle); and Chaya Quartzose Sandstone Member (upper) Carboniferous. Jilong Formation (1) ( 1) Jilong Group Yin Jixiang, Wang Yigang, Zhang Mingliang, et al., 1974, Triassic, in Rept. Sci. Exped. Mt. Qolmolungma Region (1966–1968), Geology, Beijing Science Press Jilong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For sandstone

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

and shale with interbeds of marls Late Triassic Homonym: Jilong Formation (2). Jilong Formation (2) ( 2) Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 250. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by No.8 Element of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources Jilong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone, siltstone and clay stone Pleistocene Homonymous with Jilong Formation (1). Jilongshan Formation () Liang Wenping, 1990, Permian Lengwu Formation and its Fauna of Zhejiang Province, Beijing Geological Publishing House Jilongshan in Zhejiang Province Late Carboniferous Jilongshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Jilongsi Diamictite ( ) Jilong Tillite Zhao Xitao, Guo Xudong, Gao Fuqing,1976, Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qolmolunma Mt. region, in Scientific Expedition Team of Qolmolungma Mt. Region, Academia Sinica, 1976, Report of Scientific Expedition of Qolmolunma Mt. Region (1966–1968), Beijing: Science Press Jilongsi in Rongbu River valley, north of the Qolmolungma Mt., Tibet Autonomous Region For pebble Pleistocene. Jilongzhang Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 279. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Jilongzhang in Anyuan County, Jiangxi Province For tuffite and a few of rhyolite Late Jurassic. Jimu Formation () Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanping Sheet Jimu in Fujian Province For coal-bearing strata Late Jurassic. Jimunai Formation () Sa’erbulake Formation Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 140 Jimunai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For felsitic porphyry,

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volcanic breccia, tuffite, siliceous and tuffaceous siltstone, with interbeds of coal seams Late Carboniferous New name of Sa’erbulake Formation. Jinbaoshi Formation ( ) Wan Zhengquan, 1983, Research development and the establishment of Jinbaoshi Formation of Devonian in Longmenshan Mt., Sichuan, Bull. Chengdu Inst. Geol. Min. Resour., (4) Jinbaoshi, 5 km south of the village of Ganxi, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of black quartzose sandstone, siltstone, reef limestone and biolimestone of the lower part of original Guanwushan Formation, with hematite beds Mid Devonian. Jinfengling Formation ( ) Jinfengling Member Shen Baofeng, Luo Hui, Peng Xiaoliang, Li Junjian, Han Guogang, 1989, Geological Characters of Archean in Qingyuan District, Liaoning, in Geology of Precambrian, (5), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jinfengling in Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province Dealing with the lower member in Tongshicun Formation of original Anshan Group, for fine-grained amphibolites with interbeds of hornblende leptynite Archean. Jingangkou Formation () Liu Weiming, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Jingangkou in Lugezhuang Township, Laiyang City, Shandong Province For parti-coloured mudstone, siltstone, and massive marls, with interbeds of coarse-grained sandstone and dolomite Late Cretaceous. Jingangku Formation () Jingangku Member Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet The village of Jingangku, north of Shizui Township, Wutai County, Shanxi Province For leptynite with interbeds of mudstone Archean. Jingangtai Formation () Jingangtai Group Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Henan Institute of Geology Jingangtai in Shangcheng County, Henan Province For andesite, tuffite and volcanic breccia Late Jurassic. Jingchong Formation ( ) Liao Shifan, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1): 65 Jingchong in Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province For grayish white and white quartzose sandstone with interbeds of sandy shale Late Devonian. Jingdiquan Formation (

) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.2 Ningxia Geology Team Jingdiquan close to Huangqikou valley, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Dealing with the lower member in Zhengmuguan Formation, for diamictite Sinian. Jinge’erda Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kamusite Sheet Jinge’erda inXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Devonian. Jingerwa Formation ( ) Min Longrui, Chi Zhenqing, 2000, Discussion on plans of dividing Quaternary to series in China, Quaternary Sciences, 20(2): 107-127 The Jingerwa village in Futujiang, Yangyuan County, Hebei Province For the 0-20 m interval below surfaces in Jingerwa borehole section, a part of the top of the local original Nihowan Beds (i.e. today local Yangyuan Group), its lithostratigraphic characters are unknown Pleistocene Jingerwa Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Jingfeng Member () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 176, 185. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Coal Field Geology Team  Jingfeng in Shaanxi Province For the top member of local Shihchienfeng Formation Early Triassic. Jinggoutou Formation ( ) Li Jijun et al., 1996, Science in China, D: Earth Sciences, 26(4): 316-322 Jinggoutou in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province For gravel beds Holocene. Jinghe Formation () Fu Lipu, 1981, Middle and Upper Ordovician Series and its correlation of Taoqubo, Yaoxian County, Shaanxi, Bull. Xi’an Inst. Geol. Min. Resour., 2(1) Jinghe in Liquan County, Shaanxi Province For thick-bedded limestone Mid Ordovician Synonym: Yaoxian Formation. Jinghe Formation () Mengjiku’erhe Formation Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 71. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by Qiu Guansen Jinghe close to the upper reaches of Mengjiku’er River, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray

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sandy limestone, black thin-bedded siliceous sandstone, with interbeds of limestone and fine-grained sandstone Late Ordovician New name of Mengjiku’erhe Formation; Homonymous with Chingho Formation. Jinghezhen Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 71,243. First appeared in a manuscript by Department of Jianghan Petroleum Management Jinghezhen in Hubei Province For dark gray mudstone with interbeds of sandstone, mud gypsum rock, salt rocks and oil shale Eocene. Jingjiagou Formation () Yan E, Li Zuquan, Han Guogang, 1981, Bull. Geol. Soc. Liaoning, (1) Jingjiagou in Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province For the component formation within the base of the Qingyuan Group Archean. Jingjingzigou Formation ( ) Tang Deyao, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Urumqi Sheet Jingjingzigou, southeast of Urumqi City, Xijiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish yellow tuffaceous sandstone, mudstone, with interbeds of shales Late Permian.

Jingkan Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luxi Sheet Jingkan in Luxi District, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of muddy dolomite and sandstone Mid Devonian. Jingkou Formation (/) Wu Yi, Liang Yanlin, 1992, in Zhong Ken, Wu Yi, Yin Baoan, Liang Yanlin, Yao

Zhaogui, Peng Jinlan, 1992, One of Guangxi Stratigraphy: Devonian of Guangxi, Wuhan: Ching University Geosciences Press, 50-53 Jingkou, northeast of Gongguan Township, Hepu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray conglomerate and purple siltstone Early Devonian. Jingmao Formation ()

Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menglian Sheet Jingmao in Yunnan Province Early Per-

mian.

Jingou Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team & No.213 Geology Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen, Qinyuan Sheet Jingou close to Qinggangping, Huoxian County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the Taiyueshan Group, for gneiss and migmatite Archean.

520

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jingouling Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laoheishan Sheet Jingouling in Jilin Province Late Jurassic. Jingsha Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Chen Gongxin, Jin Jingwei ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (42), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hubei Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 243. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by 5-7 Oil Field, Jianghan Bureau of Petroleum Management Geographic name derived from two localities Jingzhou and Shashi City, Jiangling County, Hubei Province For brownish red, purplish red mudstone, with interbeds of gray, light gray, light brown mudstone,with mud gypsum rock and salt rock locally Pliocene The geographic name “Jingsha” did not conform to the rules of stratigraphical nomenclature. Jingshan Group () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Laiyang City, Weifang City, Xiyou Sheet. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Cao Guiquan & Ai Xiansen Jingshan, 13 km southwest of Laiyang County, Shandong Province Included Douya Formation, Yetou Formation and Lugezhuang Formation Palaeoproterozoic. Jingshan Group () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Peking University Jingshan in Suixian County, Hubei Province Sinian. Jingshe Formation ()) Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Longyan Sheet The village of Jingshe in Zengxi Township, Longyan County, Fujian Province For siltstone, sandy mudstone, siliceous

mudstone, and conglomerate, with interbeds of limestone, silicalite and magic beds

Late Carboniferous-Early Permian.

Jingtan Formation ( ) No.332 Anhui Geology Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qimen, Tunxi Sheet Jingtan in Shexian County, Anhui Province For metamorphic volcanic rocks Mesoproterozoic. Jingtieshan Group () No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team (Tang Guangzhong et al.), 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qilianshan Mt. Sheet Jingtieshan Mining Area in Qiqing Township, Sunan Yugu Autonomous County,

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Gansu Province For alternating beds of gray, grayish green phyllite and yellow metamorphic siltstone, with interbeds of limestone, quartzite, volcanic clastic rocks and ferruginous rocks in the upper part Mesoproterozoic Synonymous with Huashugou Formation. Jingwan Formation ( ) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1969, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 34. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Jingwan in Tangzhuang, Dengfeng County, Henan Province For purplish red, grayish white quartzite Palaeoproterozoic Synonymous with Miaoposhan Formation. Jingxian Diamictite (0) Jingxian Tillite Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classification of Quater-

nary Stratigraphy of Qinghai Area, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 23-30 Jingxian valley in Kunlun Mt. District, Qinghai Province For the diamictite within the lower part of the Jingxian Formation Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Jingxian Formation. Jingxian Formation (0) Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classification of Quaternary Stratigraphy of

Qinghai Area, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 2330 Jingxian valley in Kunlun Mt. District, Qinghai Province For the sum of Jingxian Diamictite and its overlain beds of yellow, brownish yellow sands and gravel, with interbeds of silt and sandy clay Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Jingxian Diamictite. Jingxing Diamictite ( ) Jingxing Till Cao Zhaoyuan et al., 1964, Bulletin of the Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (2) Jingxing County, Hebei Province For diamictite Pleistocene Homonymous with Jingxing Formation.

Jingxing Formation ( ) Onuki Y, 1951, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 57: 527-537 Jingxing County, Hebei Province Late Carboniferous Homonym: Jingxing Diamictite.

Jingxing Formation (!) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Pu’er Sheet Jingxing street, Mojiang County, Yunnan Province For calcareous conglomerate, sandstone with interbeds of mudstone Early Cretaceous.

522

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jingzhushan Formation (1) No.4 Tibet Geology Team, 1978, Petroleum Geology of Tibet, (1) Jingzhushan in Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a series of sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone and mudstone Late Cretaceous Synonymous with Qushengbao Group (Li Pu, 1955). Jinhe Formation () Han Jianxiu, Guo Shengzhe, Ma Xiu, Zhou Junchang, 1979, The Middle and Upper Carboniferous strata of Southern Da Hinggan Ling, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, (3):214-224 Jinhe in Xi Ujimqin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For siltstone and massive limestone Late Carboniferous. Jinhongshan Formation (H) Jinhongshan Series Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 64. First appeared in a manuscript by Qinghai Petroleum Geological Survey Team Jinhongshan in Altun Mt., Qinghai Province. Jinhua Formation () Gu Zhiwei, 1980, Classification and Correlation of Mesozoic Volcanic Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Zhejiang and Anhui, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Zou Xinhu & Chen Qishi Jinhua County, Zhejiang Province For brown silty mudstone and muddy siltstone Late Cretaceous. Jining Group () Group of Metamorphic Iron Mine of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, China Geological Survey, 1979, Geology of East China, (2) Jining District, Shandong Province For slate, phyllite, metamorphic quartz andesite, with hematite and magnetite Palaeoproterozoic. Jinji Formation () Jinji Coal Series Sun Yunzhu et al., Geological Science and Technology Information, (10); 1960, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 8(2) Jinji Hill in Kaiping County, Guangdong Province For coal measure Early Jurassic.

Jinjiabaozi Sandstone ( ) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Jinjiabaozi in Liaoning Province For sandstone. Jinjiadong Formation () Hunan Institute of Regional Geological Survey, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuanling Sheet. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Jinjiadong in Muxi, Xupu County, Hunan Province For dark gray Carbonaceous shale, marls with interbeds of ventricular dolomite and thin-bedded silicalite, siliceous shale Sinian.

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Jinjiamen Formation () Liu Ruqi et al., 1980, Science in China, (3). First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Hubei Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Jinjiamen in Junshao District, Dengfeng County, Henan Province For a component formation within the local Dengfeng Group Archean The Lithostratigraphic Dictionary of China (by Gao Zhenjia et al., 2000, 19) mistaked Jinjiage Formation for Jinjiamen Formation.

Jinjiang Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 250. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Zhong Shuixian Jinjiang in Mayuan County, Hunan Province For lateritic red sandstone and conglomerate Early Cretaceous.

Jinjiang Formation () Yao Qingyuan, He Zhaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary Study on Quaternary Strati-

graphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 77-83 Jinjiang County, Fujian Province For sands and grave beds and brownish yellow sandy clay Pleistocene. Jinjiatun Formation () Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1975, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.203 Jilin Coal Field Geological Survey Team Jinjiatun in Shuangyang County, Jilin Province For andesite, basalt, rhyolite and tuffaceous sandstone, with interbeds of coal seams Early Cretaceous. Jinjiayaozi Formation () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Wenguo ed.),

1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (15), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 272 Jinjiayaozi in Jiufenzi Township, Guyang County, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For volcanic rock with interbeds of siltstone Early Cretaceous. Jinjibang Formation (-) Li Zhengji, 1982, On the division and correlation of Late Permian coal-bearing

strata of Yunlian area, southern Sichuan, Journal of Stratigraphy, 6(3): 174-182

Jinjibang in Yunlian County, Sichuan Province For clastic rocks with interbeds of mudstone, marls, and coal-bearing beds Mid Permian Jinjibang Formation is

the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jinjiguan Member () Jinjiguan Sandstone No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Maowen-Guanxian County Sheet Jinjiguan in Sichuan Province A component member of Mingshan Formation, for dark quartzose sandstone Paleocene.

Jinjiling Formation () Liu Lu, 1964, Acta Palaeotologica Sinica, 12(2). First appeared in a manuscript by Jiang Chunfa Jinjiling close to Zhangjiawan, Xikou, Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of brownish yellow, grayish black sandy and calcareous shale and thin-bedded marls Early Triassic.

Jinjiwan Formation () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 96. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Jinjiwan in Zhaolixi valley, Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For grayish green shale, silty mudstone with interbeds of marls Early Ordovician. Jinlan Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology

of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 175. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Zhejiang Petroleum Geology Team Jinlan in Jin-Qu basin, Zhejiang Province For a series of dark strata underlain the Qujiang Sandstone Late Cretaceous Synonymous with Fangyan Formation. Jinlishan Formation (%) An Taixiang, Zhang Antai, Xi Jianmin, 1985, Acta Geologica Sinica, (2) Jinlishan in Fuping County, Shaanxi Province For dolomite, marls with interbeds of siliceous beds and tuffite Early Ordovician.

Jinlongdingzi Formation () Jinlongdingzi Basalt Liu Eryi, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jingyu Sheet Jinlongdingzi in Jilin Province For black olivinebasalt Holocene.

Jinmenguoka Formation (4) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongning Sheet Jinmenguoka in Yunnan Province Late

Triassic.

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Jinniushan Speleothem ( ) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 307Jinniushan in Yingkou County, Liaoning Province For brownish yellow clay and cataclasite, coarse-grained sands and breccia Pleistocene. Jinqianling Formation () Wu Qijun, Huang Lingling, 1993, Bulletin of Sun Yat-sen University, 32(1) Jinqianling in Guangdong Province Late Devonian. Jinshan Formation () Jinshan Group Compiling Group for Liaoning Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Liaoning Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jinshan in Luoboqi valley, Qingshan Township, Kelaqin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For dark gray slate, metamorphic sandstone, grayish green phyllite and crystalline limestone Late Cambrian. Jinshan Formation () No.1 Shandong Geology Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang City, Weifang City, Xiyou Sheet Jinshan in Shandong Province Pleistocene. Jinshandian Formation () Jinshandian Member Chen Gongxin, 1983, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Hubei, (1) Jinshandian in Daye County, Hubei Province Dealing with a component formation within the Wuchang Group, for alternating beds of yellowish green fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, mudstone Early Jurassic. Jinshankou Shale () Jinshankou Purple Shale Yang Jie, 1957, Geological Review, 17(2) Jinshankou in West Hills, Beijing Municipality For purple shale Late Permian-Triassic.

Jinshanzhai Formation () Joint Team of Anhui and Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Teams, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200,000 Scale Geological Map: Dangshan, Suxian County, Lingbi Sheet Jinshanzhai in Langan Township, Suxian County, Anhui Province Dealing with a component formation within the Suxian Group, for gray shale with interbeds of thin bedded fine-grained sandstone, with conglomerate in the base and limestone in the top Sinian. Jinshuikou Formation ( ) Jinshuikou Formation Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nuomuhong Sheet, Xiangride

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sheet Jinshuikou, 18 km south of Nuomuhong, Dulan County, Qinghai Province For the local metamorphic rocks Proterozoic. Jinsichang Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Weixi Sheet Jinsichang in Lijiang County For purplish

red conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of purplish red mudstone, and silty mudstone Archean-Proterozoic.

Jinta Formation () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, which replaced “Wutonggou Formation (2)” Jinta County, Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish green basalt, tuffite, volcanic breccia, with interbeds of black, yellowish green shale, silicalite and limestone Early Permian. Jintaiguan Formation (&) Jin Chuntai, Wan Zhengquan, Ye Shaohua, Chen Jierong, Qian Yongtai, 1992, Sil-

urian System of Guangyuan, Sichuan and Ningqiang, Shaanxi, Chengdu: Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press Jintaiguan in Yangmo, Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For purple silty mudstone, with interbeds of yellowish green, bluish gray silty mudstone, and yellowish brown muddy siltstone Early Silurian. Jintang Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 289Jintang in Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province For gravel, sands with interbeds of clay Pleistocene. Jintang Formation ( ) Yao Qingyuan, He Zhaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary Study on the Quaternary Strati-

graphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 77-83 Jintang in Shentu, Zhangpu County, Fujian Province For gravel beds Pleistocene. Jinxian Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 340. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Zhang

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Lanting Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province For dark red gravel beds and stockwork red clay Pleistocene. Jinxian Group () Pan Jiang, 1959, Acta Geologica Sinica, 39(1):23-29 Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For grayish green shale with interbeds of marls, sandstone, shale with interbeds of marls Proterozoic.

Jinxian’an Formation () Jinxian’an Subseries Yang Jie, 1957, Geological Review, 17(2) Jinxian’an in West Hills, Beijing Municipality For tuffaceous conglomerate Mid-Late Juras-

sic.

Jinxingtun Formation ( ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 281 Jinxingtun close to Songhua lake, Jilin Province Pleistocene. Jinyanshan Formation (1) (" 1) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 63 Jinyanshan in Altun Mt. located at the northern margin of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For quartzite with interbeds of schist Presinian Homonym: Jinyanshan Formation (2). Jinyanshan Formation (2) (" 2)

Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 19781 Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bashikaogong Sheet Jinyanshan close to Neiyazialeke, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, purplish gray, and purplish red limestone, marble, dolomite, with interbeds of clastic rocks Mesopreterozoic Homonymous with Jinyanshan Formation (1).

Jinyinku Formation () Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Zhan Guohua Jinyinku in Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province For marble, phyllite, sandy slate and quartz schist Early Cambrian.

Jinzhouying Formation (2) i.e. Jinzhouyu Formation.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jinzhouyu Formation (2) Jinzhouying Formation (The Lithostratigraphic Dictionary of China edited by Gao Zhenjia et al., 2000, 218) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 46. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Jinzhouyu in Lanxian County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the Luliang Group, for basalt and schist Archean. Jinzhuping Formation () Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Dong Weiping ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (52), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guizhou Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 34 Jinzhuping in Wuluo, Songtao, Yinjiang County, Guizhou Province Dealing with a part within the original Wuye Formation, for grayish green, grayish purple sandy slate, dark gray carbonaceous slate, with interbeds of blastosandstone Neoproterozoic. Jinzigou Formation () Jinzigou Member Dong Zhizhong, 1987, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 26(4): 411-416 Jinzigou in Laolongdong, Ninglang County, Yunnan Province For

the part of gray conodont-bearing fossil limestone belongs to Early Carboniferous within the original Jianshanying Formation Early Carboniferous Jinzigou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic or chronostratigraphic meaning. Jiongba Group (3)

Jiongba Group Yao Huazhou, 1994, Integrative Stratigraphic Research of Re-

gional Survey of Orogenic Belt: An Example from Triassic Study of DenglongRejia Area, West Sichuan, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 10-11 Jiongba in Baiyu County, Sichuan Province For the sum of local Chadeng Formation and Rongxuesi Formation Late Triassic. Jioshan Formation () See Jiashan Formation. Jipiling Formation ( ) Jipiling Volcanic Breccia Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 52. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Lee Y Y Jipiling located at northeast of Dabieshan, Anhui Province For volcanic breccia Mesozoic (?). Jipucun Formation () i.e. Jifucun Formation.

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Jipuri’a Formation () Jipuri’a Group Liang Dingyi, Nie Zetong, 1983, Earth Science, no.3 (serial no.19) Jipuria in Duoma district, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a series of clastic rocks and dolomitic limestone, with interbeds of volcanic rocks Late Permian. Jiri Group () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 188 Jiri close to Quemocuo lake, Golmud City, Qinghai Province For the upper part of the original Yanshiping Group Late Jurassic. Jirilgo Formation () Berkey C P, Granger W, Morris F K, 1928, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 39(1): 21-44 Jirilgo in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For reddish gray sands and red clay Pliocene. Jishan Formation () Ding Baoliang et al., 1989, Biota in non-marine Jurassic and Cretaceous Volcanic and Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Zhejiang, Fujian, and Jiangxi District, Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Liang Shijing Jishan in Yongan County, Fujian Province For gray, grayish white huge thick-bedded conglomerate with interbeds of coarse-grained sandstone Early Cretaceous. Jishi Formation () Li Jijun et al., 1996, Science in China, D: Earth Sciences, 26(4): 316-322 Jishi gorge in the upper reaches of the Huanghe River, Gansu Province For gravel beds Pliocene.

Jishu Diamictite ( ) Jishu Till Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Ge Liangtao Jishu in Shulan County, Jilin Province For diamictite Pleistocene. Jishuimen Formation ( ) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 135. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team Jishuimen in Haifeng County, Guangdong Province For purplish gray, grayish black mudstone with interbeds of sandstone Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jisu Honguer Formation (") Geographic name Jisu was Romanized as Tchjesy by the French (LSI) Berkey C

P, Morris F K, 1927, Geology of Mongolia, Natural History of Central Area, II, New York: American Museum of Natural History Zhesiaobao (Jisu Honguer) in northern Darhan Muminggan Joint-Banner (Bailingmiao), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Dealing with a series of alternating beds of slate, graywacke and limestone, with coal-bearing shale, for limestone prevails in the upper part, sandstone and conglomerate in the lower part. The limestone is either dark brown or gray in color, but a considerable thickness is pinkish; cherty in certain beds and dolomitic in others. The cherty beds are especially rich in fossils Permian.

Jitang Group ( ) Chen Bingwei, Ai Changxing, 1986, Tibet Geology, (1). First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.1 Tibet Geology Team Jitang or Jidang in Changdu District, Tibet Autonomous Region For the sum of Youxi Formation and Enda Formation, a series of light metamorphic rocks Precambrian.

Jitoushan Member () Jitoushan Limestone Rong Jiayu, Chen Xu, 1987, Acta Palaeotologica Sinica, 26(5) Jitoushan close to Sanqushan, Changshan County, western Zhejiang Province Dealing with a omponent member within the Sanchushan Formation, for carbonate rocks Late Ordovician.

Jiubao Formation () Wan Xiaoqiao, 1985, Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Foraminifer Fauna in Ganba District, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 203-223 Jiubao, north of Xiawuchubo valley, eastern side of Zongshan, 250 km southeast of the village of Ganba, Ganba County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray and yellowish green marls, gray limestone with interbeds of yellowish green shale Late Cretaceous. Jiubei Formation () Hubei Institute of Geological Sciences, 1972, Research on Late Permian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Hunan and Northern Goangdong, in Proceedings to the Report of Geological Study, (1) Jiubei in Lianxian County, Guangdong Province A component member of the Yizhang Formation, for mudstone, siltstone, finegrained sandstone with interbeds of coal seams Late Permian. Jiucaiyazi Formation (4() Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Integrative Research Team, Hubei Bureau of Geology Jiucaiyazi in Shennongjia Foresty

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Area, Hubei Province For a component formation within the Shennongjia Group Proterozoic. Jiucaiyu Sandstone (4( ) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-645 Jiucaiyu, 14 km east of Benxi County, Liaoning Province For sandstone Permian-Triassic Congenital

homonym: Jiucaiyu Shale.

Jiucaiyu Shale (4() Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-645 Jiucaiyu, 14 km east of Benxi County, Liaoning Province For shale Permian-Triassic Congenital

homonym of Jiucaiyu Sandstone.

Jiucaiyuan Formation (() Xinjiang Institute of Geology, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map: Urumqi Sheet Jiucaiyuanzi close to Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For parti-colored clastic rocks with interbeds of mudstone Early Triassic. Jiucengpo Limestone () Peng C J, 1942, Brief Note of Geological Survey of China, (76) Jiucengpo in Wangguancun, Xiuwen County, Guizhou Province For thin-bedded siliceous limestone Late Cambrian.

Jiuchizi Formation (#) Jiuchizi Volcanics Formation Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 73. First appeared in a manuscript by Minagawa N Jiuchizi in Badahao, Heishan, southeast of Fuxin County, Liaoning Province Dealing with a component formation within the Shuiquanzi Group, for volcanic rocks Early Cretaceous. Jiucunling Group () Xia Bangdong, Ren Zhenpeng, 1979, Bulletin of Nanjing University, Geology, (1): 43-55 Jiucunling in Hainan Province For the sum of Tuolie Formation and Nanbigou Formation Ordovician-Silurian. Jiuda Formation ( ) Jiuda Coal Beds Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 73. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by No.1 Northeast China Coal Field Geological Exploration Team Jiuda in Youfeng County, Liaoning Province For volcanic rocks with interbeds of coal seams Late Jurassic. Jiudaoguai Formation ( ") Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bikou Sheet Jiudaoguai in Shaanxi Province A formation between Duantouya Formation and Wangtianping Formation Sinian.

532

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jiudian Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linru Sheet Jiudian in Songxian County, Henan Province For tuffite with interbeds of conglomerate Early Cretaceous.

Jiudingshan Formation () Joint Team of Anhui and Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Teams, 1977, Ex-

planatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dangshan, Suxian and Lingbi Sheet Jiudingshan in Jiuding Township, Lingbi County, Anhui Province Dealing with a component formation within the Huaihe Group, for gray carbonate rocks Neoproterozoic. Jiufengshan Formation () Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.109 Heilongjiang Coal Field Geology Survey Team Jiufengshan in Dayangshu Coalfield, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Dealing with the part within the original Ganhe Volcanic Series, for grayish white sandstone, gravel-bearing sandstone, tuff sandstone and black mudstone, with interbeds of volcanic clastic rocks, basalt and coal seams Early Cretaceous.

Jiugeqingyang Formation ( ) No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qilianshan Mt. Sheet Jiugeqingyang in Gansu Province For a component formation of Jingtieshan Group Mesoproterozoic.

Jiujialu Formation ()) Jiujialu Beds Liao Shifan, 1957, Contribution to Documents on Geological Survey Conference of Guiyang and Hangzhou, General Bureau of Southern China, Ministry of Geology, 176-183 Jiujialu in Xiaoshanba (Wangguan), Xiuwen County, Guizhou Province For alum shale Late Carboniferous.

Jiujiang Gravel Beds () Fang Hongqi, 1961, Acta Geologica Sinica, 14(3) Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province For yellowish brown-reddish brown with interbeds of white gravel beds Pleistocene Synonymous with Kanhsien Formation.

Jiujuzi Formation (5) No.2 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiawa Sheet Jiujuzi Southern Hill, in Aohan (Xinhui) Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For coal-bearing sandstone and shale ( or slate), with interbeds of limestone lens and tuffite Early Per-

mian.

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Jiuligang Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Hubei Province Jiuligang in Maoping, Yuanan County, Hubei Province For grayish yellow, dark gray siltstone, sandy shale, shale with

interbeds of quartzose sandstone, carbonaceous shale and thin-bedded coal seams

Late Triassic.

Jiuliping Formation (1) ( 1) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangxian County Sheet Jiuliping in Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province For metamorphic sandstone with interbeds of slate Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous Homonym: Jiuliping Formation (2).

Jiuliping Formation (2) ( 2) Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology

of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 152. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhejiang Bureau of Regional Geological Survey Jiuliping in Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with a component formation within the Moshishan Group in Southeastern Zhejiang Province, for a series of volcanic rocks composed mainly of lava Late Jurassic Homonymous with Jiuliping Formation (1). Jiuliqiao Formation () Zhu Zhaoling et al., 1964, Mem. Nanjing Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Academia Sinica, (1) Jiuliqiao located 9 km of Shou-Feng Highway, north of Shouxian County, Anhui Province For argillaceous limestone and sandy limestone Neoproterozoic.

Jiulong Group () Jiulong Formation Guizhou Working Team of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology,

1977, Regional Stratigraphical Scales of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 240. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Zhao Huachen Jiulong close to Yaodeng, Congjiang County, Guizhou Province For the sum of Yaodeng Formation and Hecun Formation Palaeoproterozoic Synonymous with Sibao Group. Jiulongkou Formation () Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 16, table V Jiulongkou in Cixian County, Hebei Province For sand beds and grayish green marls Miocene.

Jiulongpo Gravel () Jiulongpo Gravel Clay Beds Xiong Yongxian, 1951, Geological Review, 16(3/6): 26 Jiulongpo in Chongqing Municipality For gravel and clay Pleistocene.

534

Jiuma’er Formation (

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

)

Hiem, Gansser, 1939, Central Himalaya, geological observations of the Swiss Expedition 1936, Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., 73(1): 1-245 Jiumaer, east of Mt. Qolmolungma, Tibet Autonomous Region For sandstone Late Triassic-Early

Jurassic.

Jiumenchong Formation () Zhang Wentang, 1974, in Institute of Nanjing Geology and Palaeontology ed.,

1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwest China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Zhang Zhenghua & Zhou Zhiyi Jiumenchong in Nangao, Danzhai County, Guizhou Province For black organic limestone with interbeds of grayish green, grayish black shale Early Cambrian. Jiuqujiang Formation ()

Zhou Zhiyan, Li Baoxian, 1979, Acta Palaeotologica Sinica, 18(5) Jiuqujiang in Haiqiong County, Hainan Province Early Triassic.

Jiushidaoban Formation ( ) Liu Guangcai, Tian Qi, 1993, New data of Permian Strata in the central sector of

the Tangula Mountains, Qinghai, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.2 (serial no.45), 113-120 90 highway maintenance squad on Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Tanggulashan Township, Golmud City, Qinghai Province For carbonate rock with interbeds of clastic rock Early Permian. Jiuxi Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Liu Yiren Jiuxi, northwest of Taoyuan County, Hunan Province For yellowish green, grayish green shale with interbeds of parti-colored limestone lens Mid-Late Ordovician.

Jiuxiandong Formation () No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yixian County Sheet Jiuxiandong in Liaoning Province Mesoproterozoic.

Jiuxiao Formation ( ) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luocheng County Sheet The village of Jiuxiao in Dongxing, Huanjiang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region A com-

ponent formation of the Sibao Group, for alternating beds of metamorphic siltstone, phyllite and metamorphic quartzose arkose Mesoproterozoic.

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Jiuxikeng Formation ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 268. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.5 Element of Guangxi Geophysical Prospecting Team Jiuxikeng in Hepu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Miocene. Jiuzhou Formation () Wang Keyong, 1984, Regional Geology of Guizhou, (1): 2 Jiuzhou in Huangping County, Guizhou Province For lateritic red, brownish yellow conglomerate, gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone, siltstone, purplish red sandy mudstone Late Cretaceous. Jiuzhoutai Formation () Sun Jianzhong, Zhao Jingbo, 1991, Quaternary of Loess Plateau, Beijing: Science Press Jiuzhoutai, north of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province For fluvial sands and gravel, alluvial loess and eolian loess Pleistocene. Jiwa Formation () Rao Jingguo, Zhang Zhenggui, Yang Zengrong, 1988, Silurian, Devonian and Permian of Tibet, Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press Jiwa in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Devonian. Jixi Group () Jixi series Chen Guangya, 1959, Geological Review, 19(5). First appeared in a 1950 manuscript by Ren Ji Jixi County, Heilongjiang Province For coal series Jurassic. Jixiangfeng Formation () Wang Ying, 1985, New advances in the studies of the Jurassic and Cretaceous Systems of Da Hinggan Mountains, Journal of Stratigraphy, 9(3): 203-209 Jixiang-

feng Station in Yakeshi City, Hulun Buir League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For dark rhyolitic volcanic lava and volcanic clastic rocks Late Jurassic.

Jixianggou Formation () Zhong Weicheng, 1962, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Eastern Half Part of N-51-XXXVI Jixianggou in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For gray quartz schist, phyllite, slate and limestone ProterozoicCambrian. Jixing Formation ( ) Jixing Coal-bearing Beds Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Continental Mesozoic Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 49. First appeared in a manuscript by Heilongjiang Department of Fuel Industry Jixing County, Heilongjiang Province For coal measure Late Jurassic.

536

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jiyang Group () Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by No.1 Geological Survey and Prospecting Team of Ministry of Geology Jiyang County, Shandong Province For parti-coloured basic volcanic rocks with interbeds of gypsum and coal seams Eocene-Oligocene. Jiyaopo Member (() Sheng Jinzhang, 1962, The Permian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 42. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang Yu et al. Jiyaopo in Zisong Town, Wangmo County, Guizhou Province For gray and grayish white limestone Late Permian. Jiyuan Group () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by No.104 Petroleum Geological Exploration Team, Ministry of Petroleum Jiyuan County, Henan Province For the sum of Niezhuang Formation, Yuzhuang Formation (2), Zeyu Formation and Nanyao Formation Eocene. Johol Group i.e. Jehol Group. Jolmolungma Diamictite (#-) Zhumulangma Ice Age Till Zhao Xitao, Guo Xudong, Gao Fuqing, 1976, in Scientific Expedition Team of Mount Qomolangma Region ed., 1976, Expedition Report of Mount Qomolangma Region (1966–1968), Quaternary Geology, Beijing Science Press, 1-28 Mount Qomolangma Region, southern Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene Homonymous with Qomolangma Group. Joselungi Formation (!)) Berkey C P, Granger W, Morris F K, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., (385) Luoselongji (Joselungi) in Central Altay, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gobi gravel Pleistocene. Juanling Formation (6) Xue Xiangxi, Yue Dongping, Zang Yunxiang, 1994, Science in China, 24(4): 413-417 Juanling in Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province For brownish red conglomerate, sandstone with interbeds of sandy mudstone Paleocene. Ju’ao Formation (&) Ju’ao Volcanics Series Kao P, 1935, Notes on the Geology of Eastern Chekiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (25): 49 Ruao (Juao), south of Chengxian County, Zhejiang Province For extrusive rock Cretaceous.

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Jubao Formation (7 ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 196. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by No.203 Jilin Coal Field Team Jubao village in Wanbao Town, Taonan County, Jilin Province For volcanic clastic rocks Mid Jurassic. Jubaoshan Formation (8 ) Jubaoshan Subseries Yang Jie, 1957, Geological Review, 17(2) Jubaoshan in West Hills, Beijing Municipality For purple and green volcanic clastic rocks Mid-Late Jurassic. Juchikou Formation (' ) Juchikou Coal Series Huang S H, Tu H C, 1946, Geologicla Review, 11(3/4): 254 Rujigou (Juchikou), northwest of Pingluo County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For coal-bearing sandstone with interbeds of shale in the upper part, shale with interbeds of sandstone in the lower part Mid Jurassic.

Judian Group (7+) Yunan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1988, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Digital Geological Map of Yunnan Province Judian in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province For schist, phyllite with interbeds of carbonaceous slate and quartzite Neoproterozoic. Jueshangou Formation (9) Wei Xiuze, Xiao Chengxie, Chen Shenggao, Yu Tao, 1966, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(1): 65-76 Jueshangou close to Xiaping, 30 km northeast of Jinggangshan, Jiangxi Province For grayish green, yellowish green metamorphic finegrained sandstone, with interbeds of silty slate Early Ordovician. Jueyong Formation (() Zhang Zhenggui et al., 1990, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (20), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jueyong in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Devonian. Juhuashan Formation (: ) Wu Ruizhong, Chen Dequan, 1986, Stratigraphical System of Qiangtang District, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (9), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Juhuashan in northern Qiangtang Area, Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic. Jukeng Group (; ) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Ge-

538

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

ological Publishing House, 101. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Jukeng, northeast of Shanyuan Town, Huangshan City, Anhui Province Dealing with the upper part of the original Taiping Group, for purplish red, yellowish green, grayish green quartzose sandstone, sandstone, with interbeds of calcareous sandstone and siltstone Late Silurian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Jukou Formation () Gong Shifu et al., 1987, Geology of Fujian, 6(2): 71-107 Jukou in Fujian Province Precambrian. Jukoupu Formation (7) Tan Zhengxiu, Dong Zhenchang, et al., 1987, Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Palaeontological Fauna of Hunan, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Jukoupu in Hunan Province Mid Devonian. Julan Formation (;) Julan Group Chen Qishi, 1991, Geology of Zhejiang, 7(2). First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.5 Element of No.2 Fujian Geology Team Julan in Taining County, Fujian Province For alternating beds of grayish white pink sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Julang Formation () Yin Hongfu, Yang Fengqing, 1992, Triassic of Qinling Mt. and Its Adjacent, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Julang in Gansu Province Late Triassic. Julideneng Formation ($) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mulei Sheet Julideneng close to Jiapi Spring, Mulei County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark gray, grayish green, purplish graytuffite, grayish black carbonaceous, muddy siltstone, conglomerate and silicalite Late Carboniferous. Julin Group ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 10 Julin close to Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province Dealing with the oldest strata of Yunnan, included Pudeng Formation, Lugumo Formation, Fenghuangshan Formation (4), Haizishao Formation and Alayi Formation Palaeoproterozoic. Julisi Formation () Sichuan Air Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jilong Sheet, Gonggashan Sheet Julisi in Sichuan Late Triassic.

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Junggar Formation () Junggar Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 71, chart 16 Junggar Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For parti-coloured coarse-grained sands and sandstone Miocene. Junghsien Limestone (() Yunghsien Series Tien C C, 1938, Geological Review, 3(4): 283 Rongxian (Junghsien or Yunghsien) County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Late Devonian. Jungsan Formation ((%) Jungsan Coal Series Yoh S S, Chang K, 1928, Temporary Report of Geological Survey of Kwangtung & Kwangsi, no.10, 1-12 Rongsan (Jungsan) refering to the two geographic names Rongxian County and Sanjiang County For sandstone, shale, metamorphic rock and coal series Early Carboniferous.

Jungshan Formation () Tan C C, Wang S W, 1930, Geological reconnaissance along the projected railway line from Nanchang to Fuchou, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14): 1-6 Rongshan (Jungshan) village, 35 km southeast of Linchuan County, Jiangxi Province For white sandstone with interbeds of brownish red and greenish gray shale Jurassic.

Junjianshan Basalt ( *) Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yushuo, 1984, Chronological study of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jilin, Journal of Stratigrapgy, 8(1): 30-37 Junjianshan in Tumenjiang River valley, close to Gucheng village, Jilin Province For basalt Pleistocene. Junkou Formation ( ) Fujian Petroleum Geology Team, 1979, Classification of Cretaceous Red Beds of Western Fujian, in Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds of South China, Beijing: Science Press Junkou in Jianning County, Fujian Province For light gray, grayish green, grayish black siltstone, sandy mudstone with interbeds of marls, purple siltstone and gypsum Early Cretaceous. Junshao Group () Hu Shouxi, Lin Qianlong, et al., 1988, Geology and Miner Genesis in Collage Belt between Ancient Plates of North China and South China, Nanjing: Nanjing University Press Junshao District in Henan Province For the sum of local Guojiayao Formation, Jinjiamen(xi) Formation and Laoyanggou Formation Archean. Junzihe Group () Junzihe Series Ding Peizhen et al., 1963, Triassic of Qilianshan Mt. District, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences et al., 1963, Geology of

540

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qilianshan Mt., vol.II, (1), Beijing: Science Press Junzihe in Tianjun County, Qinghai Province For marls Triassic. Juripu Formation (7 ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze-Yadong Sheet Juripu in Yarlung Zangbo River valley, Tibet Autonomous Region Early Permian.

Jurisang Group (7) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze-Yadong Sheet Jurisang in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Permian. Jushan Formation () Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuzhou Sheet Jushan in Pixian County, Jiangsu Province Dealing with a component formation within the Huaihe Group, for grayish white gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone and quartzite like sandstone Neoproterozoic. Jushitan Formation (:) Beishan Formation Zhu Weiyuan et al., Gansu Geology, (1) Jushitan in Subei County, Gansu Province i.e. original Beishan Formation Late Permian To

substitute the Beishan Formation.

Jutai Formation () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Western Qinling Geology Team Jutai in Gansu province Sinian. Jutun Formation (7) Changchun College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yantai, Penglai Sheet Jutun close to Zhanggezhuang, Fushan district, Yantai City, Shandong Province For leptynite with interbeds of marble Palaeoproterozoic Synonym: Jutun-Zhanggezhuang Formation. Jutun-Zhanggezhuang Formation (7–  ) i.e. Jutun Formation. Juxian Formation (8) No.1 Shandong Geology Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang, Weifang, Xiyou Sheet Juxian in Shandong Province Early Cretaceous.

K Kabino Group (“#” ) Kabinskaya Suite (Kabinska Svita), Kabino Series Nekhoroshev V P (NehoroxevB), 1937, The Tectonics of the Altai, Report of the XVII section, International Geological Congress; (1946, VSEGEI, sb. 7, str,52). First appeared in a 1935 manuscript by Voronov H. Introduced into China by the Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 2, chart 1Kabino River (ρ . Kaba) in southern Altay (Russia) For gray, grayish green metamorphic clastic rock Precambrian to Ordovician Synonym: Ashan Formation. Kache Formation () Yin Hongfu, Yang Fengqing, et al., 1992, The Triassic of Qinling Mt. and Adja-

cent Area, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Northwestern Sichuan Geology Team Kache in Gansu Province Late Triassic Synonymous with Xinduqiao Formation. Kadabeng Formation (E) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Deqin Sheet Kadabeng, 72 km south of Deqin County, Yunnan Province For basalt with interbeds of grayish white limestone, and limestone with interbeds of grayish green basalt and sandy slate Early Permian. Kadang Formation ( ) Rao Jingguo, Zhang Zhenggui, Yang Zengrong, 1988, The Silurian, Devonian and Permian Systems of Tibet, Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 1-121 Kadang in Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of quartzose sandstone and shales Late Permian Kadang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Kadong Formation () Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Cheng Guoming, 1983, Research on Stratigraphy

of Yangzhuoyong lake area, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-20 Kadong village in Duoque area, Langkazi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray, grayish yellow clastic rocks with interbeds of siliceous shale, andesite and tuffite Late JurassicEarly Cretaceous. Ka’er Ophiolite ( ) Lamazhai Ophiolite, Ka’er Ophiolite Formation Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 343. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Wang Zhongshi Ka’er pastureland in Muli

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

County, Sichuan Province For ophiolite Late Permian-Early Triassic There is not Kaler Ophiolite name in “Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House”, but there is the Lamazhai Ophiolite in p. 393; Synonymous with Lamazhai Ophiolite. Ka’erwa Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Aqikekule Region Kaerwa close to Haxi-

akelike river in Aerge Hill, Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

For grayish purple calcareous sandstone, conglomerate with interbeds of limestone and carbonaceous shales Early Permian.

Kafang Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinxian County Sheet Kafang in Xinxian County, Hubai Province For a component formation of the Tapei Group Archean. Kagong Group () No.1 Geology Team of Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Qamdo Region Kagong in Chaya County, Tibet Autonomous Region For phyllite and slate, with metamorphic sandstone and marble, with interbeds of volcanic rocks Early Carboniferous. Kaibei Group () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Qu Guansheng ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (23), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Heilongjiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 183. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Li Rongwei Kaibei in Yonghong Township, Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province For clastic rocks with coal-bearing beds Early Jurassic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Kaidifang Formation () Zhang Kuan, 1993, Geological Information of Hebei, (1) The Kaidifang village in Zhangbei County, Hebei Province For parti-coloured clay stone and shale with interbeds of conglomerate, sandstone, marls, gypsum-bearing clay and lignite beds Eocene-Oligocene. Kai’erge Diamictite ( ) Kai’erge Till Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 254. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology

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and Mineral Resources Kai’erge in Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene. Kai’ertasi Group () No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Sailimuhu Sheet Kai’ertasi in Jinghe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For carbonate rocks with interbeds of shale and silicalite Mesoproterozoic.

Kaifeng Formation (2) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 306. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Henan Institute of Geology Kaifeng City, Henan Province For silty and fine-grained sand dune Holocene. Kaijianqiao Formation ()

Zhang Shengshi, 1963, Proceedings of Abstract of Third Annual Meeting of the

Geological Society of Sichuan. First appeared in a manuscript by Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Kaijianqiao in Ganluo County, Sichuan Province For tuffite, tuffaceous sandstone-conglomerate Early Sinian.

Kaikukang Formation () Kaikukang Conglomerate Formation Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team

of Expedition of Heilongjiang River Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol. 1, Beijing: Science Press Kaikukang located at the southern bank of Heilongjiang River, Heilongjiang Province Composed mainly of black thick-bedded conglomerate, with grayish black fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, gravel-bearing sandstone and grayish green thick-bedded shales Late Jurassic.

Kailaketi Group () Wang Jingbin, 1979, Xinjiang Geology, (1). First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Lin Baoyu et al. Kailaketi in Boluohuoluo Mt., Huocheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a group composed of Talisayi Formation,

Ta’erqiate Formation, Kayingdi Formation, Biexibasitao Formation, Tulasu Formation and Kulutielieketi Formation Sinian. Kailas Group ( )

Kailas Conglomerate, Gandisi Group  Heim A, Gansser A, 1939, Central Hi-

malaya, Geological Observation of the Swiss Expedition 1936. Mem. Soc. Helve. Sci. Nat., 73(1) Kailas (Kangrinboqe) Peak in Tibet Autonomous Region  For coal-bearing clastic rocks, parti-coloured or red conglomerate  Eocene-Oligocene Synonym: Kangrinboqe Formation.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kaili Formation () Lu Yanhao, 1963, Acta Geologica Sinica, 43(4): 317-330 Kaili County, Guangzhou Province For grayish green, yellowish green sandy shale and calcareous clay shale Early-Mid Cambrian Synonym: Nangao Formation.

Kaipaizileike Formation (") Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.8 Xinjiang Geology Team Kaipaizileike in Keping County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed of yellowish pink arkose, tuffite, coal and limestone, with basalt intercalation of mudstone in the upper part Early Permian.

Kaiping Beds i.e. the misunderstanding of the Anping Formation. Kaiping Formation ( ) Couches de Kaiping, Kaiping Series Mathieu F F, 1923, I’Ecole des Mines de Mons, fasc.3, 283-529 Kaiping Town, 7.5 km northeast of Tangshan City, Hebei Province For coal series Carboniferous-Permian.

Kaiping Formation ( ) Kaiping Series, geographic name Kaiping was Romanized as Gaihei by the Japanese  Hada J, 1931, Geological Map: Fengtien Sheet, 1:400 000, South Manchuria Railway Co. Gaiping (Kaiping) County, Liaoning Province  Consists chiefly of greenish mica phyllite  Palaeoproterozoic.

Kaishantun Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yanji City Sheet Kaishantun Town in Longjing County, Jilin Province For tuffaceous sandstone-conglomerate with interbeds of black slate Late Permian.

Kaixinling Group () Sheng Jinzhang, 1962, The Permian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 81, First

appeared in a 1957 manuscript by No.632 Geology Team of Qinghai Bureau of Petroleum Kaixinling in Tanggula Mt., Qinghai Province Included Zhageyong Formation, Nuoribagaribao Formation and Jiushidaoban Formation Early Permian. Kaiyuan Limestone () Wang C H, Lu C H, 1940, Geology of the Niaoke Coal Field, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Kaiyuan County, Yunnan Province For gravelly limestone with interbeds of red and yellow shale Triassic.

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Kake Formation () Xinjiang Institute of Geology and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sci-

ences, 1987, Carboniferous and Permian Systems and Its Faunas of Keping District, Xinjiang, Beijing: China Ocean Press Kaka in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Permian.

Kalachuka Formation () Sun Dongli, Luo Hui, 1990, Journal of Stratigraphy, 14(3): 231-234 Kalachuka-

shan located at the southern bank of Aqikekule lake, Muzitage District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For black micrite, marls with interbeds of phyllite Early Devonian. Kalae’erqisi Group i.e. Karaalzis Formation. Kalagang Formation () No.3 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1960, Regional Geological Sur-

vey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of District of Bahatai Junggar-Sawu’ershan, Xinjiang Frontier Kalagang river in western Mayila Range, Tuoli County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks, with interbeds of sandstone, siltstone and coal seams in the base Late Carboniferous. Kalakashi Formation () Wang Naiwen, 1986, Stratigraphy of Xinjiang, Cretaceous System, in Hai Yichun

et al., 1986, The Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245271 Kalakashi close to Bagongbulansha, north of Tianshendaban, Luokezong Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone and clastic rocks, with conglomerate in the base Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Kalakashitage Group () Yin Jixiang, 2000, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000, Geological Evolution of the KarakorumKunlun Mountains, Beijing: Science Press, 10. First appeared in a manuscript by No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Kalakashi Range in Altun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Archean-Palaeoproterozoic.

Kalakasu Formation i. e. Karakasch Group. Kalake’er Formation () Ma Shipeng, Wang Yuzhen, 1991, Xinjiang Geology, 9(1) Kalake’er in Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For parti-coloured slate and quartzite like sandstone Mesoproterozoic.

546

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kalamaili Formation ( ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kupu Sheet Kalamaili Hills in Qinghe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green sandstone with interbeds of sandy limestone Devonian.

Kalamilanhe Group ( ) Zhang Yuqian, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Southern Quemo District Kalamilan River, south of Quemo, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish black, grayish white limestone, with interbeds of grayish green calcareous siltstone and tuffite Late Carboniferous.

Kalashayi Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Kalashayi in Awati County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brownish red, grayish green mudstone and gypsum beds Late Carboniferous.

Kalasi Diamictite () Kalasi Moraine Chen Huahui, Lin Xiulun, Guan Kangnian, 1990, Research on Quaternary Geology of Xinjiang, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 148-256 Kalasi lake in Altay, northern margin of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For yellow, green mud-gravel, gray, grayish white mud-gravel, light coloured gravel and muddy sands Pleistocene Synonym: Daqinghe Diamictite.

Kalata’er Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Wang Aimin & Peng Xiling Kalata’er in Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A component formation of Kashi Group, for alternating beds of grayish green limestone, marls, sandy limestone, gray mudstone and siltstone Late Carboniferous.

Kalatage Formation () Ding Taoquan, 1988, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kanggu’ertage Sheet. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Zhang Jinhui Kalat-

age in eastern south-foot of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For green tuffaceous sandstone, with interbeds of conglomerate and limestone lenticle, with tuffaceous conglomerate in the base Early Devonian.

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Kalatashi Group () Ding Puquan, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Western Kunlun-Muji-Tashiku’ergan District Kalatashi in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Silurian-Mid Devonian.

Kalawuyi Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing, Geological Publishing House Kalawuyi in Heshilafu, Hetian County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray limestone, grayish black, grayish green shale, yellowish green sandstone, with interbeds of dark mudstone Late Carboniferous. Kalazhi’erjin Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Zhang Chengjing Kalazhi’erjin, west of Kalatieke Range, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For sandstone, shale with interbeds of limestone Early Permian.

Kalela Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Aqikekule Area Kalela in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, gray breccia and lava, tuffite with interbeds of sandstone Late Triassic. Kalgan Formation ( ) Kalgan Trachytes Barbour G B, 1924, Preliminary Observation in the Kalgan Area, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(2): 153-168 Zhangjiakou (Kalgan) City, Hebei Province For a series of porphyry lava, chiefly trachyte intrusions, tuffs and ashes, with local development of conglomerate and sandstone Cretaceous Homonym:

Kalgan Gravel.

Kalgan Gravel ( ) Grabau A W, 1928, Stratigraphy of China, pt.II, Mesozoic, Peking, Geological Survey of China, 674-675 Zhangjiakou (Kalgan) City, Hebei Province For red coarse conglomerate within the base of the Kalgan Formation, with pebbles derived from the underlying gneiss upon which it rests unconformably Cretaceous Homonymous with Kalgan Formation; Synonymous with Shanfangpu Formation. Kalpin Formation () Kalping Series, Kalpingtag Series Zhang Ridong et al., 1959, Paleozoic stratigraphy of southern foot of Tianshan Mt., in Mem. Nanjing Inst. Geol. Palaeont., (2). First appeared in a 1943 manuscript by CB M Keping County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of yellowish green, grayish

548

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

green, and purplish brown fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone Early Silurian. Kampa Group () Kampa Shale Hayden H H, 1907, Mem. Geol. Surv. India, 36(2): 122-201 Gangba (Kampa) Zong, 150 km southwest of Xigaze City, Tibet Autonomous Region For shale, sandy shale with interbeds of marl and sandstone Cretaceous.

Kamuste Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kamuste Sheet Kamuste in Eastern Junggar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous.

Kanangan Gneiss ( ) Yen T P, 1954, Some geological problems on the Tananao Schist, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (7) Kanangan, north of the Hualien Harbor, Taiwan Province For gneiss Paleozoic-(?) Mesozoic.

Kanasi Group See Halasi Group. Kanchi Formation (!) Yoh S S, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(4): 448, 450, 452. First appeared in a manuscript by Bao Ci Ganxi (Kanchi) Township in Beichuan County, northwest of Jiangyou, Sichuan Province For silty mudstone, muddy siltstone with interbeds of limestone Early Devonian.

Kanchiang Formation ($) Kanchiang Red Clay Formation Kao P, Hsia H Y, 1939, Special Report of Inst. Geol. Chiangsi, (3): 21 Ganjiang (Kanchiang), Jiangxi Province For red clay Pleistocene.

Kanchingtzu Formation (! ) Kanchingtzu Stage Matsushita S, 1935, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., 8(2) Ganjingzi (Kanchingtzu) in the north side of Dalian Bay, Liaoning Province For dolomite and limestone Proterozoic.

Kandilike Formation ( ) Xiao Bing, 1990, in Xinjiang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources & No.1

Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team ed., 1990, Paleozoic of Xinjiang (I), Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Ma Shipeng & Wang Yuzhen Kandilike district in Shache County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish black limestone and quartzose sandstone Early Ordovician.

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Kangbutiebao Formation () Wang Guangyao, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Altay Sheet Kangbutiebao in Altay County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For porphyrite, felsite and volcanic breccia, schist, leptynite with interbeds of siltstone and siliceous marble Early Devonian.

Kangchai Formation () Kangchia Series Morishima M, 1940, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 7(561): 24422490 Kangjiabuzi (Kangchia), west of Benxi Bridge, Liaoning Province For

purplish red and dark green mica, sandy shale with interbeds of siliceous shale, thin-bedded quartzite, marl shale and black banded limestone Neoproterozoic.

Kangcun Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Beijing, Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Wang Aimin & Peng Xiling Kangcun in Kuqa County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish brown sandstone with interbeds of conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone with interbeds of muddy bands Neocene.

Kangdui Formation () Sun Dongli et al., 2000, Marine Jurassic, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and

Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979–1999), Hefei, China University of Science and Technology Press, 286 Kangdui in Kampa-Dingri District, Tibet Autonomous Region Early Jurassic. Kanggu’ertage Formation () No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1988, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kanggu’ertage Sheet Kanggu’ertage in Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, purplish red dacite, felsites, tuffaceous mudstone, marls, conglomerate and breccia Late

Devonian.

Kangji Formation () Yang Yaoyu, Qu Guansheng, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mulengzhen Sheet, Dongning County Sheet Kangji in Heilongjiang Province Late Cretaceous.

Kanglang Formation (.) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team,1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dali Sheet Kanglang in Eryuan County, Yunnan Province For a klippe composed of dolomitic limestone and dolomite, west of Wanqiao, north of Dali County Mid-Late Silurian.

550

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kanglu Formation () Wen Shixuan, 1979, New materials of biostratigraphy in the northern Qiangtang Plateau, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(2): 150-156 Kanglu Range, 2 km northwest of Shuanghu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red clastic rocks, gray sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone and marls Early Triassic. Kangma Formation ( ) Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2(2): 118. First appeared in a manuscript by Ting V K Kengma (Kangma) in Hechi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For yellow, light purple shale with interbeds of sandy shale and calcareous shale Mid Devonian. Kangma Formation () Zhang Binggao, 1974, Permian, in Reports of Scientific Expedition to Mt. Qol-

molungma Region (1966–1968), Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 74. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhang Shouxin Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region For agglomerate, with marbles or crystalline limestone lenticles Early Permian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Kangma Group.

Kangma Group () Liang Dingyi, Wang Weiping, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 226-236 Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with a series of strata included the original Kangma Formation, and its underlying beds of Kewoxiga Formation and Bilong Formation, and its overlying Baidingpu Formation Early Permian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Kangma Formation. Kangnan Formation () Wen Shixuan, 1979, New materials of biostratigraphy in the northern Qiangtang Plateau, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(2): 150-156 Kangnan is not a geographic

name, but the south of Kanglu Range, 2 km northwest of Shuanghu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For sandstone with interbeds of sandy limestone and thin bedded limestone Early Triassic.

Kangrinboqe Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet The peak of Mt. Kailash in its western sector, stretching in a southeast direction, Tibet Autonomous Region For a series of red continental molasses strata body (molasses in foot of Mt. Kailash) OligoceneMiocene Synonymous with Kailas Group and Dazhuka Formation. Kangshan Formation () Kangshan Group Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lin’an Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Zhejiang Institute of Coal Geology, Ministry of Coal Industry

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Kangshan in Ji’an County, Zhejiang Province For gray feldspar-sandstone with interbeds of mudstone Mid Silurian.

Kangshanqiao Formation () Ying Sze-huai, 1973, Magmatic metamorphic and migmatic rocks of the Mount

Jolmo Lungma region in southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1973(2): 129-150 Kangshanqiao Bridge, 6 km south of Nyalam, Tibet Autonomous Region For gneiss with interbeds of quartz schist Presinian. Kangshare Formation () Wang Yigang, Sun Dongli, He Guoxiong, 1980, New advances in the stratigraphy of the Himalayas (China’s side), Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1): 55-59 Kangshare Ranges, west of Tulong, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with

the basal subdivision of the Tulong Formation, for gray, light purple shale, gray limestone, purplish red, gray thick-bedded limestone Early Triassic.

Kangsu Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China:, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Kangsu in Kashi District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish green or gray sandstone, sandstone-conglomerate, and mudstone Early Jurassic.

Kangtai Formation (8) T’an H C, 1926, Geology of the Pa-tao-hao Coal Field, Heishan District, Fengtien, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (8): 20-29 Gangtai (Kangtai), 7.5 km south of Badaohao, Heishan County, Liaoning Province For brown, purple and violet volcanic andesitic lavas and dark green and violet tuff Mid Jurassic.

Kangting Complex () Kangting Slate Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1933, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text

in press & the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections) Kangding (Kangting) County, Sichuan Province For a series of strata composed of metamorphic and migmatization Archean-Proterozoic. Kangtuo Formation (&)

Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Kangtuo in Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For parti-coloured sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone, with interbeds of volcanic rocks Neocene.

Kangwuli Formation (/) Team of Expedition of Sciences of Mt. Xixiabangma, Academia Sinica, 1982,

in Report of Expedition of Sciences of Mt. Xixiabangma, Beijing: Science Press

Kangwuli in Tibet Autonomous Region Carboniferous-Permian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kangyao Formation () Kangyao Series Endo R, 1932, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull., (164): 17 Gangyao

(Kangyao), 1.5 km south of the Huazi Town (east of Yantai), north of Taizihe River, Dengta County, Liaoning Province For limestone Mid Ordovician. Kangzhuangzi Formation ( )

Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology

of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by No.9 Liaoning Geology Team Kangzhuangzi in Dadianzi Township, Tieling County, Liaoning Province For clastic rocks, clay stone and carbonate rocks Mesoproterozoic.

Kanhaitze Limestone ( ) Chang W Y, Jen C Y, 1941, New geological observation along the route from Lut-

ing, Tanchang, Yungching to Ya’an, Sikang, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 21(2/4): 199130 Ganhaizi (Kanhaitze) close to Tanchang, west of Ya’an, Sichuan Province For limestone Late Devonian. Kanho Formation (!) Kanho Extrusive Formation T’an H C, Wang H S, 1929, Geology along the valley of the Neng River, Heilungkiang Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (13): 33-41 The gorge of Ganhe (Kanho) in Dayangshu coal field, Elunchun Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For basic volcanic rocks, vitric tuffite fragment, basalt, tuffaceous sandstone, blackish gray fine-grained sandstone, sandy mudstone, with black coal-bearing shale Early Cretaceous. Kanhsialiao Formation ( ) Stach L W, 1956, Stratigraphical subdivision and correlation of the upper Cenozoic sequence in the foothill region east of Chiayi and Hsinying, The Symposium on Petroleum Geology of Taiwan Kanhsialiao village, close to Chientapu, Tainan County, Taiwan Province Consists almost entirely of shale, except for the thin sandy lower member Pliocene. Kanhsien Beds ($) Kanhsien Gravel Beds Chen Guoda, Liu Huisi, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (2): 32 Ganxian (Kanhsien) County, Jiangxi Province For yellow, light brownish red gravel beds, coarse-grained sands and stockwork red clay Pleistocene Synonym: Jiujiang Gravel Beds. Kanji Complex ( ) Kanji Group Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Stratigraphy of Anhui, Precambrian, Hefei: Anhui Science and Technology Press Kanji in Feidong County, Anhui Province For the sum of Cuoshan Formation and Hengshan Formation Archean.

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Kankerin Formation ( ) Kankerin Limestone Grober P, 1914, Geogr. Abh., bd.10, heft 1 Kangkelintage (Kankerin), 10 km west of more, Keping County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone Late Carboniferous. Kankou Formation () Geographic name Kankou was Romanized as Kanko by the Japanese (LSI) Ichikawa Y, 1932, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Sinten Sheet Kankou in Taipei County, Taiwan Province For black sandy shale, sometimes becoming slate with the development of flow cleavage Eocene-Pliocene. Kan Kou Formation () Yuan P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, pl.1 Gangou (Kan Kou) in Fuyuan, west of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mid-Late Triassic. Kanling Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Qiao Xindong & Zhang Tairong Kanling close to Yingan village, southwest of Akesu City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purple and gray knotty argillaceous limestone and grayish green limestone Mid Ordovician. Kansoho Formation (! ) Kansoho Series Norin E, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, 188 Gancaohu (Kansoho), 45 km northwest of Qinggir village, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For quartzose sandstone, phyllitic slate, and crystalline limestone Early Carboniferous. Kansu Formation ( ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinyuan Sheet Kansu in Xinyuan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For tuffaceous and calcareous siltstone, volcanic clastic rocks and dacite porphyry Mid-Late Devonian.

Kansu Group (!) Kansu Series Young C C, Bien M N, 1937, Cenozoic Geology of the Kao-lan Area of Central Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, (16): 221-260 Gansu (Kansu) Province Composed of a series of alternating beds of brownish gray huge breccia, sandy conglomerate, muddy sandstone, purplish gray conglomerate and yellow mudstone Tertiary. Kantzechi Sandstone (  ) Lin C C, 1951, Some problems on the oilfields of Hsinchu and Miaoli, Formosan Mining Industry, 3(3 & 4) Kantzechi in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province For sandstone Miocene.

554

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kantzupu Shale (%) Li Yueyan, 1940, Geological Review, 5(6): 506, pl.II Ganzipu (Kantzupu), 2.5 km northeast of Wutongqiao, Sichuan Province For shale Cretaceous.

Kanyangkou Formation (9) Kanyangkou Series T’an H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press & the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections), Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (15) Ganyanggou (Kanyangkou) in Sichuan (original Xikang) Province Permian.

Kanyinlike Group () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Aqikekule District Kanyinlike in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous.

Kanyuwan Schist ( ) Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol. I, pt.1, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 299-317 Kanyuwan in the north slope of the Qinling Mt., Shaanxi Province Precambrian.

Kaochaitien Formation ( ) Kaochaitien Shale Yoh S S, Chiang Y, 1944, Guide of Geological Travels close to Guiyang Gaozhaitian (Kaochaitien), 7 km northeast of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For yellowish green, brownish yellow muddy siltstone with interbeds of marls Early Silurian.

Kaochiapien Formation ( ) Kaochiapien Shale Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.1, Palaeo-

zoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 436 Gaojiabian (Kaochiapien), 20 km northeast of Jurong County, Jiangsu Province For yellowish green shale and sandstone Early Silurian. Kaochiatun Formation ( )

Kaochiatun Shale and Sandstone Aoji O, 1928, Contribution to the Precambrian Straigraphy of South Manchuria, Imp. Acad., 4(10): 604 Gaojiatun (Kaochiatun) in Wuxingshan district, Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For calcareous shale and siliceous sandstone Proterozoic.

Kaochiawopu Limestone ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 7, chart 2 Gaojiawopu (Kaochiawopu) in Da Hinggan Mt., Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For thin-bedded crystalline limestone or marble Carboniferous or Permian.

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Kaohsiung Limestone ( ) Chen P Y, 1949, New looks at oilfields of Taiwan Kaohsiung City, Taiwan Province For limestone Pliocene. Kaohuang Limestone ( ) Kaohuang Series Li C, Chu S, 1934, Note on the stratigraphy of the environs of the Maping City, Central Kwangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.13, 215-232 Gaohuang (Kaohuang), southeast of Samenjiang river, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Early Triassic. Kaokeng Limestone ( ) Kao P, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (3): 49 Gaokeng (Kaokeng) village, 35 km west of Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province For limestone Early Devonian. Kaokesai’ergai Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongliuxia Sheet Kaokesai’ergai in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Silurian. Kaokeya Formation () Li Luozhao, 1994, Sinian-Permian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Tarim Basin (II), fascicle Tiekelike district, Beijing, Petroleum Industry Publishing house Kaokeya close to Keziletao, Aketao County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For clastic rock and limestone Late Devonian. Kaolan Formation (:) Kaolan Series Sun C C, 1936, On the stratigraphy of Upper Huangho & Nan Shan region, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 78 Kaolan County, Gansu Province For gneiss, mica schist with interbeds of marble Presinian.

Kaoliang Group ( ) Kaoliang System Brown J C, 1913, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol.43, pt. 3, 182-188 Gaoliang (Kaoliang) (the abbreviation of Gaoligongshan Romanized by Wade), Yunnan Province For a series of green schist, leptynite and phyllite, slate, quartzite and lightly metamorphic shale or thin-bedded siliceous limestone Sinian. Kaolishan Formation ( ) Kaolishan Sandstone, Kaolih Shale (Lee J S, 1939) Chu S, 1931, Annual General Report of Academia Sinica of 1929, 154-158 Gaolishan (Kaolishan), northwest of Dongchangjie Town, 20 km northeast of Jurong County, Jiangsu Province Dealing with a component formation composed of yellowish green or purple colour sandstone and shales, with a few thick-bedded quartzites and ventricular layers of yellow earthy limestone, locally with interbeds of carbonaceous shale, coal seams and limonite, within the top of Wutung Group in Nanjing District Early Carboniferous.

556

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kaolishan Limestone ( ) i.e. pronunciation error (Kaolishan Limestone or Kaoli Limestone) of Haolishan Limestone or Haoli Limestone. Kaoposhao Formation ( ) Kaoposhao Limestone Yoh S S, Chiang Y, 1944, Guide of Geological Toils close to Guiyang Gaoposhao (Kaoposhao), 6.5 km west of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For limestone Mid Triassic. Kaoqinshan Formation () Cheng Zhepei, Zhong Shengzhong, Huang Liangjun, 1985, Geological Science and Technology of Guangdong, (2) Kaoqinshan in Maogan District, Baoting County, Hainan Province For alternating beds of grayish green silty slate, quartzose fine-grained sandstone Early-Mid Silurian. Kao Shan Formation ( ) Assise de Kao Shan Mathieu F F, 1941, Contribution de la stratigraphie et

de la Tectonique du Jurassique a couches de houille dans la Chine septentrionale. Gaoshan (Kao Shan) Town, north of Datong City, Shanxi Province For a subdivision of Tatung Coal Series Early Jurassic. Kaotai Formation ( ) Kaotai Limestone Yin T H, Chen Y J, Chin N, 1945, Geological Review, 10(5/6): 205-210 Gaotai (Kaotai), 25 km southwest of Meitan County, Guizhou Province For light gray thin-bedded siliceous and dolomitic limestone with interbeds of light yellow shales, with fine-grained sandstone in the base Mid Cambrian The so-called “Kaotai Formation” revised lately by Zhang Wentang in 1964, on the base of trilobites Kaotaia magna zone, is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Kaoting Sandstone ( ) Lee Y Y, Hsu Singwu C, 1937, Notes on the Lantien Tillite, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.17, 303-308 Gaoting (Kaoting), 3 km north of Lantian, Xiuning County, Anhui Province For sandstone Sinian. Kaotingyen Conglomerate ( ) Zhang Wenyou (translator), 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co., 120, table 19 Gaodingyan (Kaotingyen) close to Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province For purplish red conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone Tertiary. Kaowukeng Limestone ( ) Meng, Hsien-Ming, 1930, Geology of Shaohsing, Chekiang Province, and its neighboring district with special reference to the Lead, Zinc Deposits around Huangshan, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (10): 61 Gaowukeng (Kaowukeng), 22 km southeast of Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province For limestone Preordovician.

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Kaoyuchuang Formation (  ) Kaoyuchuang Limestone Kao C S, Hsiung Y H, Kao P, 1934, Preliminary notes on Sinian stratigraphy of North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(2): 243-288 Gaoyuzhuang (Kaoyuchuang) in West Hills, Beijing Municipality For limestone Proterozoic.

Kapuchir Formation () Kapuchir Coal Series Guang Shicong, Che Shuzheng, 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica, 35(2): 95-108. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Zhuozishan Geology Team Qabqir (Kapuchir) Temple, 45 km southeast of Dengkou Town, Otog Banner, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of white sandstone and black shale, with interbeds of coal seams and thin-bedded limestone Carboniferous-Permian.

Kapushaliang Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Kapushaliang River, close to Baicheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Yageliemu Formation, Baxigai Formation and Shushanhe Formation Early Cretaceous.

Kapusilang Group () i.e. Kapushaliang Group. Karaalzis Formation () Kalae’erqisi Group Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigeaphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 1, chart 1. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Ciniqyn B M Kalae’erjisi river in Altay District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of sandstone, conglomerate and fine-grained sandstone, muddy shale, with interbeds of ventricular limestone Early Carboniferous.

Karakasch Group () Karakasu Formation Terra H de, 1932, Karbonische und Permische Fissile aus

dem Kunlun und Karakorum, in Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Dr. Trinklerrrschen Zeentralacien-Expedition, bd. 2, Geologische Forschungen in West-lischen Kunlun und Karakorum-Himalaya Kalakashi (Karakasch) river, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gneiss, quartzite and marble Palaeoproterozoic.

Karakorum Diamictite (

0) Karakunlun Till Wu Xiangnong, 1994, in Cheng Yuqi ed., Concise Regional Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing house, 191 Karakunlun Mt., Qinghai Province For diamictite Pleistocene.

558

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Karateki Formation () Cheng Shoude et al., 1965, Explanatory Text of 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Zanbile Sheet and Yudaigelike Sheet Kalatieke (Karateki) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous. Karegande Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text of 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Aoshikeshan Sheet Karegande in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Devonian. Karewa Schist ($) Karewa Schichten Loczy L von, 1893, Wissen Ergebn. Reise des Grafen Bela Szechenyi in Ostasien 1877-1880, bd.1, Wien, 532-559 Kaliewa (Karewa) in Yunnan Province For schist. Kashi Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Kashi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Qimugen Formation, Kalata’er Formation, Wulagen Formation and Bashibulake Formation Paleocene. Kashih Formation () Kashih Series Schuster J, 1916, Abh.d.k.bayer.Akad.d.Wiss.math.-phys., kl., bd. 27, abt.5, 299-305 Kashi River in Nileke County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For argillaceous limestone Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Kat O Formation () Ruxton B P, 1960, The Geology of Hong Kong, Jour. Geol. Soc. London, (115): 223-260 Kat O (i.e. Crooked Island), northeast of New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Cretaceous. Kauling Shale ( ) Kauling Schiefer Richthofen F von, 1912, China, bd. III, 218, 612, 740 The pass of Gaoling (Kauling) in Fuliang County, Jiangxi Province For kaolin Precambrian.

Kawabulake Group () Wu Wenkui, Gao Zhenjia, et al., 1959, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Aqishan, Kawabulake, Kalatage and Yamansu Areas Kawabulake, south of Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For light metamorphic carbonate rocks, dolomite and quartz schist Mesoproterozoic. Kawenggou Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Kawenggou in Tongba, Muli

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County, Sichuan Province For metamorphic carbonate rocks, muddy and sandy rocks with interbeds of silicalite or tuffaceous slate Permian. Kaxiangda Formation () Zhang Linxian, Mu Xinan, Sun Dongli, Dong Deyuan, 1979, New Observation on the “Toba Coal Series” of Qamdo, Tibet Kaxiangda in Toba, 70 km east of Qamdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish black mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, gray calcareous shale and limestone Late Permian Synonym: Zha-

lagongga Formation.

Kaxiong Formation () No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Kaxiong ox grazing land, 14 km northwest of Zhayu, Zuogong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish

white, dark gray silty slate and feldspathic quartz sandstone, with interbeds of siliceous shale and thin-bedded limestone Early Triassic. Kaxiweng Formation ()

Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qiaku’erte Sheet Kaxiweng in Fuyun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For muddy siltstone, silty mudstone, with interbeds of silicalite, limestone, volcanic rocks and conglomerate Late Devonian.

Kayingdi Formation ( ) Wang Jingbin, 1985, The Sinian Suberahem of West of Northern Tianshan Mt.,

Proceedings of Geological Research of Xinjiang, Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House Kayingdi in Jinghe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A component formation of Kailaketi Group, for dark gray, black, grayish green sandstone with interbeds of shale Sinian. Kayinnongba Diamictite () ) Kayinnongba Till No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Kayinnongba in Laiguo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For boulder, sands and clay Pleistocene.

Kayitou Formation (*) Kayitou Yellowish Green Shale and Sandstone Beds Wang C C, Huo S C, 1945,

Geology of Houso Coal Field, Pingyi, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36): 27 Kayitou, west of Dasuopo, Rongfeng County (old Xuanwei County), Yunnan Province For shale and sandstone Late Permian. Ke’ankuduke Formation ()

Li Tiande, Qin Dianxue, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongliuxia Sheet Ke’ankuduke in Kaokesai’ergai Hills, Balikun County,

560

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For muddy siltstone with interbeds of feldspathic sandstone, tuffite, tuffaceous conglomerate and tuffaceous sandstone Late Devonian. Kecuo Formation () Yao Qingyuan, He Zhaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary Study on Quaternary Strati-

graphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 77-83 Kecuo in Xiamen City, Fujian Province For brownish red sandy clay, red clay and red coarse-grained sands Pleistocene. Kedao Formation ()

Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yanji City Sheet Kedao village on the side of Tumenjiang River, close to Kaishantun Town, Longjing County, Jilin Province For particoloured sandstone and conglomerate with interbeds of marble Early Permian.

Kede Formation () Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, 1983, Silurian of Tibet, in Contribution to the Geol-

ogy of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15-28

Kede village in Pazhuo District, Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the part of limestone within the Pulu Formation Silurian Kede Formation is the

form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Kedela Formation ()

Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, 1983, New Knowledge of Paleozoic Stratigraphy of

the Himalaya Area, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (7), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Kedela in Pazhuo district, Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the upper part of the Liangquan Formation Early Devonian Kedela Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Kedoushan Formation ()

Compiling Group for Anhui Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Anhui Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.3 Element of Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Kedoushan Hills (i.e. Madaishan), Fanchang County, Anhui Province For volcanic effusive rock and sedimentary rock Late Jurassic.

Ke’erduo Formation () Tibet Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1980, Geological Review, 26(2): 162. First appeared in a manuscript by Xia Daixiang Ke’erduoshan Range in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region Mid Ordovician  Ke’erduo Formation is a

formation without stereotype and definition,and it’s inappropriate to be used.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Keji’er Group ( ) Wang Naiwen, 1983, Development of Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Its Significance of Plate Tectonic of Northern Tibet Lakes Area, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 29-40 Keji’er in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Jurassic- Late Cretaceous A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification.

Kekesai’erkeshan Formation ( ) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 89 Kekesai’erke Mt. in Balikun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For yellowish green, grayish green tuffaceous sandstone, tuffite and limestone Late Silurian.

Kekesaleixi Formation () Hou Hongfei, Xiang Liwen, Laicaigen, Lin Baoyu, 1979, Advances in the Paleo-

zoic Stratigraphy of Tianshan-Xing’an Region, Acta Stratigraphic Sinica, 3(3):175187. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Integrative Stratigraphy Team of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team and Institute of Geology Kekesaleixi close to Kensayi pass, the southern slope of Luobokenu Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark gray, grayish green calcareous siltstone, silty slate with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone Late Ordovician. Kekesayi Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Li Peiji & Li Tiande Kekesayi close to the southern slope of Mayile Mt., western Junggar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the Qinghe Group, for volcanic lava, tuffite with interbeds of silicalite, grayish brown, dark gray sandy slate, limestone and quartzose siltstone Mid Ordovician.

Kekesu Group () Tan Hongbing, 1977, Xinjiang Geology, (1) Kekesu River, south of Tekesixian, southern margin of Yili Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For light metamorphic carbonate rock Neoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of Stratigraphical classification.

Keketiekedaban Formation () Keketiekedaban Group Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text of 1:200 000 Scale of Geological Map: Keketieke Sheet Keketiekedaban in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Silurian.

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Kekexiongkuduke Formation () Joint Stratigraphy Team of Xinjiang Regional Georgica Survey Team and Insti-

tute of Geology, Chinese Academia of Geological Sciences, 1974, Explanatory Text of 1:200 000 Scale of Geological Map: Tuosite Sheet Kekexiongkuduke in Bukesai’er Mongol Autonomous County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For parti-colored tuffaceous clastic rocks Late Silurian.

Kelan Formation () Kelan Series Chang W Y, Wu L P, 1939, Preliminary Report of Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica, (12) Gelan (Kelan) in Laibin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For purple quartzose sandstone, red shale, and purple sandy shale Late Triassic. Kelasu Group () Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Geological Pub-

lishing House, 59. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Yao Guofan & Tao Ruiming Kelasu in Kuqa County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Jurassic.

Keleqinghe Group ( ) Keleqing Formation (Yang Zhirong, Sun Nengli, 1990) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Northwest China Bureau of Coal Field Geology Keleqing River in Luokezong, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of light metamorphic fine-grained sandstone, feldspathic quartz sandstone, phyllitic sandstone, slate and shale Late Triassic. Keleqingshui Diamictite ( ) Keleqingshui Tillite Wu Xiangnong, 1994, in Cheng Yuqi ed., 1994, Concise Regional Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 191, table 3-5 Keleqingshui in western Kunlun Mt., Qinghai Province For diamictite Pleistocene. Kelitake Formation () Kelitake Series Hu Bing, 1960, in Ustrisky B, 1962, Memoirs of Institute of Geology, Minisrty of Geology, ser.B, (1): 7-13. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Lu Zheng & Zeng Yasen Kelitake in Yecheng County, southwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dolomite, quartzose sandstone, fine-grained conglomerate and dolomitic limestone Early Carboniferous. Kelixi Formation () Fang Xiliang, 1980, Xinjiang Geology, (4): 107-108. First appeared in a manuscript by Ma Shipeng & Wang Yuzhen Kelixi valley in Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish purple, grayish green conglomerate, dark gray, grayish green muddy silicalite Sinian.

564

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Keliya Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Keliya Pass in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish black, grayish green slate, phyllite, quartzose sandstone and silicalite Late Carboniferous. Keliyang Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Geology Keliyang in Pishan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For coarse-grained clastic rocks, gypsum-bearing mudstone and gypsum Cretaceous.

Kelu Formation () Li Pingri et al., 1986, Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 8(3) Kelu in Guangdong Province Pleistocene. Kelubo Formation () No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bokalike Sheet, Nalingguole Sheet, Wutumeiren Sheet Kelubo in Qinghai Province Late Triassic.

Kelumute Group () Mu Enzhi, 1962, The Silurian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 7. First appeared in a manuscript by Yuan P L Kelumute (Zhelete) river in Altay Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Synonymous with Songkemu Formation. Kenan Group () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 159 First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team Kenan in Yushu County, Qinghai Province Light-deep metamorphic clastic rocks and volcanic rocks Late Triassic. Kending Formation ( 2) Chan H F, 1974, Proc. Geol. Soc. China, (17) Kending park located at Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan Province For light gray breccia with basalt PliocenePleistocene. Kengtzekou Beds ( ) Geographic name Kentzekou was Romanized as Kosiko by the Japanese Makiyama T, 1933, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Kyuko Sheet Kentzekou

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in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province Composed of lateritic red earth in the upper part and gravel in the lower part. The pebbles of the gravel are mainly whitish quartzite, dark gray siliceous sandstone, basalt and diabase Pleistocene Synonym: Tientzehu Formation. Kengyang Sandstone (“ ” ) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 480 Kengyang in central Nanling Mt., Guangdong Province For red sandstone with conglomerate, close to the base Paleocene. Kenko Group i.e. Kenkou Group. Kenkou Group () Kenko Series Lee Y Y, Chu S, 1933-1934, Geology of Kenkou on the HunanKwangtung Border and its bearing to the orogeny of the Nanling Ranges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(2): 183-196 The village of Genkou (Kenkou) in Lechang County, Guangdong Province For conglomerate, graywacke, siltstone, sandy shale, with interbeds of magnetite and thin-bedded coal seams Late Triassic. Kensayi Formation () Cheng Shoude, 1979, Regional Geological Survey of Xinjiang, (1). First appeared

in a 1974 manuscript by Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Kensayi Pass in Huocheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For silicalite, sandstone with interbeds of limestone, grayish black silty mudstone with interbeds of limestone, and the alternating beds of siltstone and silicalite Mid-Late Cambrian. Kenzuoga Formation () Zhao Jingxi, 1985, in Wang Sien et al., 1985, Jurassic System of China, Stratigraphy of China (II), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Kenzuoga village in Xiangdui District, Chaya County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish brown

mudstone, purplish brown, yellowish green sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of grayish black shale, conglomerate, mudstone and mudstone with interbeds of conglomerate lenticle Late Jurassic. Kepeining Formation (#) Kepeining Beds Grober P, 1914, Geogr. Abh., bd. 110, heft 11, v+104 Kepeining pass, 50 km northwest of Keping County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed mainly of green shale, sandstone, conglomerate and limestone Late Carboniferous.

Kepu Formation ( ) Liang Dingyi, Wang Weiping, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 226-236 Kepu in Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a series of three divisions included the

566

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

original Kangma Formation, and its underlying Kewoxiga Formation and Bilong Formation Permian. Keren Formation () Yao Qingyuan, He Shaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary Study on Quaternary Stratigraphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 77-83 Keren in Jinjiang County, Fujian Province For brownish red fine-grained siltstone Pleistocene. Keshan Formation (!) Zhejiang Rhyolite Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1962, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map: Shaoxing Sheet Keshan in Shengxian County (original Xinchang County), Zhejiang Province For rhyolite Late Cretaceous. Kesikekalakuoyi Group (&) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Western Kunlun-Muji-Tashiku’ergan District Kesikekalakuoyi in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Carboniferous A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Kesu’er Formation () Qinghai Integrative Geological Survey Team, Northwest Bureau of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xining Sheet Kesu’er in Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province For dolomite and breccioid limestone Mesoproterozoic. Ketaszu Slate (($) Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (9): 139 Geda Temple, north of Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province Composed of green and grayish yellow banded shale with interbeds of white marble and grayish white crystalline limestone Silurian-Devonian. Ketu’er Formation () Dong Yanru, 1990, Triassic System in Aman Depression of Northeastern Tarim Basin, in Proceedings of Petroleum Geology of Tarim Basin, Northwest China Bureau of Petroleum Geology, Ministry of Geology, 190-204 Ketu’er located at northeastern Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray mudstone with interbeds of sandstone Early Triassic. Kewoxiga Formation () Zhang Binggao, 1974, Permian, in Reports of Scientific Expedition to Mt. Qolmolungma Region (1966–1968), Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 74. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhang Shouxin Kewoxiga in Baidingpu valley, Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray conglomerate Early Permian.

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Kexibao Formation (" ) Wang Xiaofen, Ni Shizhao, et al., 1987, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (2), Triassic-Jurassic Period, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Kexibao in Qinjiamiao of Pingshanba, Yichang City, Hubei Province For thin-bedded limestone Mid Cambrian Kexibao Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

Keya Formation () Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, 1983, Silurian of Tibet, in Contribution to the Geol-

ogy of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15-28

Keya in Zhangdong area, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For light gray thin- to thick-bedded limestone Mid Silurian.

Kezibieyite Formation () No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tacheng, Abaxile Sheet Kezibieyite in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mid Devonian.

Kezibulake Diamictite () Kezibulake Moraine Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanation Text for 1:1 500 000 Scale of Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 13, table 2 Kezibulake in Tianshan Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a combined flow deposits of grayish white pebble, sands and mud Pleistocene. Kezi’ertage Formation () Kezha’ertake Formation No.13 Geology Team, Ministry of Geology, 1957, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Kashi-Akesu District Kezi’ertage in Kepingtage area, northern margin of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a component formation within the Shalayimu Group Mid-Late Devonian. Kezilejieyike Group (*) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by Ding Puquan & Lu Zheng Kezilejieyike in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Cretaceous A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Kezilenu’er Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Yao Guofan & Cheng Ruiming Kezilenu’er valley in Kuqa County, Xinjiang Uygur Au-

568

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

tonomous Region For grayish green siltstone, black carbonaceous shale, grayish white quartzite with interbeds of a few coal beds Mid Jurassic. Kezilesu Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.107109/75 Team, Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Kezilesu in Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brownish red quartzose sandstone, muddy sandstone, with interbeds of brownish red sandy mudstone, grayish green siltstone and conglomerate Early Cretaceous A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification.

Keziletao Formation () No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for

1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Bulun Pass of Western Kunlun Mt.-Qia’ersa Area Keziletao in Aketao County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For calcareous siltstone, silty mudstone with interbeds of limestone and quartzose sandstone Mid Devonian.

Keziletesikela Formation () Hou Hongfei, Xiang Liwen, Lai Caigen, Lin Baoyu, 1979, Advances in the

Palaeozoic Stratigraphy of Tianshan-Xing’an Region, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(3): 175-187. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Integrative Stratigraphy Team of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Keziletesikela in Fuyun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of yellowish green thin-bedded argillaceous limestone Mid Ordovician. Keziliqiman Formation () Zhao Zhixin, Han Jianxiu, Wang Zengji, 1984, Carboniferous Stratigraphy an Its

Paleontology of Southwestern Margin of Tarim Basin, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-183 Keziliqiman in Pishan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of carbonate rocks and clastic rocks characterized by the flourish of Eoparafusulina shengi and E. instabilis Early Permian Keziliqiman Fromation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Keziluoyi Formation (!) Kezileyi Formation Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale,

1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Keziluoyi in Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the Wuqia Group, for brownish red mudstone with interbeds of grayish green, grayish white siltstone, and a few gypsums Miocene.

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Kezisuhumu Formation () Fang Xilian, 1980, Xinjiang Geology, (4): 107-108. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Ma Shipeng, Wang Yuzhen, et al. Kezisuhumu valley in Western Kunlun Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of dolomite, dark gray, purple, rose sandstone and siltstone, with interbeds of dolomite Sinian. Khan-Khai Formation ( ) Khan-Khai Series Obrutschew, 1895, Geographische Skizze von Centralasien und seiner sudlichen Um-randung, Geographisch Ergebnisse seiner Reise von 1892– 1894, Geog. Zeit., bd. I, 257-285, 1 map; or Obrutschew, 1900, Central Asia, Northern China and Nanshan, Report on the Exploration of 1892-1894,vol.1, St. Pitersburg, 69 (Russian) Hanhai (Khan-Khai) close to the boundary between China and People’s Republic of Mongolia, in China’s side For red, green sandstone with interbeds of limestone Pleistocene. Kholobolchi Formation (4 ) Berkey C P, Granger W, Morris F K, 1928, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 39(1): 214 Gelubuqi (Kholobolchi) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For white, red gravel and sands Eocene. Khunuk Formation () Berkey C P, Granger W, Morris F K, 1928, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 39(1): 214 Kunuke (Khunuk) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Pleistocene. Kiauchangpa Limestone (<) Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.I, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 131 Jiaochangba (Kiauchangpa) in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For limestone Ordovician. Kichou Group (

)

Kizhou Limestone Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis and Blackwelder, Research in China, Carnegie Institution of Washington, vol.I, pt.1, 136-152 Jizhou (Kichou)

Hill located at the southern end of Xinzhou basin, Xinzhou County, Shanxi Province

For limestone Cambrian-Ordovician.

Kienteh Group () Kienteh Formation Liu C C, Chao Y T, 1927, Geology of Western Chekiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (9): 11-28 Jiande (Kienteh) County, Zhejiang Province For alternating beds of purplish red sandstone, shale, tuffaceous conglomerate and green sandstone and shale Jurassic or Cretaceous. Kilian Formation ($) Kilian Gruppe Terra Hellmut de, 1932, Geologische forschungen in Westlichen Kunlon und Karakorum-Himalaya, Wissenschaftliche Ergehnisse der Dr Trinkler-

570

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

schen Zentralasien-Expedition, bd.II, 3 Qilian (Kilian) river in western Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For quartzite-graywacke, quartz phyllite, with conglomerate in the base Early Palaeozoic. Kingling Formation () Jin Yugan, 1961, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 9(3) Jinling (Kingling), the ancient name of the Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For

the sum of Kingling Limestone (grayish black thick-bedded dolomitic muddy limestone ) and its underlying calcareous sandstone beds (0.5-2.5 m) Early Carboniferous Homonymous with Kingling Limestone. Kingling Limestone () Lee J S, Chu S, 1930, Note on Chihsia Limestone and its associated formations, Mem. Geol. Soc. China, 9(1): 11-28 Geographic name in Jiangning County, Jinling (Kingling) was the ancient name of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province The

authors found them in Guanshan Town, Longtan County, Nanjing City,and subdivided the Chihsia Limestone into ten beds ( a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j). Kingling Limestone is located at the base of b bed (39-40). It can be lithologically divided into two parts of about equal thickness. The lower half is deep blue in color, exceedingly compact and scattered red grains of calcite, the upper half consists of an earthy, dirty grayish-blue, slabby limestone often highly fossiliferous. For the grayish black thick-bedded dolomitic muddy limestone. The thickness is about 4 meters Early Carboniferous Homonym: Kingling Formation. Kingshan Beds ()

Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.I, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking,

Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 475, 515

Jingshan (Kingshan) in Hubei Province Mid Ordovician.

Kingsungshan Formation () Kingsungshan-Schichten Richthofen F von, 1882, China, bd.II, Berlin, 219 Jinsongshan (Kingsungshan, i.e. Baotashan in marine atlas), southeast of Sanshilipu, between Yantai County and Dengzhou County, Shandong Province For light blue grained limestone Presinian.

King-yang Formation () King-yang Phase Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34 Qingyang (King-yang) County, Gansu province For the lower part of the Huanhe Formation Early Cretaceous.

Kintung Shale (“” ) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 494 Kintung in eastern Yunnan Province For purple and green shale Triassic.

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Kisinling Limestone () Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis and Blackwelder, Research in China, Carnegie Institution of Washinton, vol. I, pt.1, 269 Jixinling (Kisinling) located at the boundary of Sichuan Province (Wuxi County), Shaanxi Province and Hubei Province For limestone Cambrian-Ordovician. Kitau Limestone () Kitau Kalkstien Richthofen F von, 1869, Schichtgebirge am Yang-tse-kiang Verh; d k.k.; Geol. Richsanst. Wien, 131-137 Jitou (Kitau) Cliff, 30 km southwest of Qinshui County, Hubei Province For limestone Carboniferous-Permian. Kiulung Group () Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis and Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, Carnegie Institution of Washington, publication no.54, vol.1, pt.I, 19-58 Jiulong (Kiulung) Hills in Nanshan, Yangzhuang, Xintai County, Shandong Province For the sum of Changhsia Limestone, Kushan Shale and Chaumitien Limestone Mid

Cambrian.

Klimli Formation ( ) Klimli Limestone Guan Shicong, Che Shuzheng, 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica, 35(2): 100 Kelimoli (Klimli), south of Lashichong temple in Gangder Mt., Wuhai City, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For black and dark gray thin-bedded limestone, and knotty limestone with interbeds of black shale Early Ordovician. Kmuche Formation () Kmuche Series Lee C S, 1946, Geography, 4(1-2): 49-58 Kemuqi (Kmuche), south of Chenghua, in Altay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Proterozoic.

Kochiu Formation () Kochiu Limestone Meng H M, 1936, Geological Review, 1(3): 339-346 Gejiu (Kochiu) in Yunnan Province For dolomite, shale and limestone Triassic. Koeitcheou Formation () Kweichow Formation (Willis B, Blackwelder E, April, 1907), Kweitsu Formation (Abendanon E C, 1907), Kwei-Schichten (Richthofen F von,1912), Kuichou Formation, Kweichow Series (Hsien C Y, in Grabau A W, 1928, 320), geographic name Kuichou (Koeitcheou) was Romanized as Gouitchjoou by the French (LSI, 1964, 457) Abendanon E C, 1906, La Geologie du Bassin rouge de la Province du Se-Tchouan (Chine), 16-18 Guizhou (Koei-tcheou, Kweichow, Kweitsu, Kwei, Kuichou) ( tody Zigui County), Hubei Province For alternating beds and layers of red-brown ferruginous clay stone and light coloured sandstone, with shell marls in the base Cretaceous Abendanon E C, 1906, La Geol. du Bassin roug e de la Province de Szt-chouan (Chine), 16-18 (publication questionable) Abendanon E C, 1907, Die Geologie des Roten Backens der Provinz Sz-tschwan (Szechwan) in China, Monatschriften der Deutschen Geologisch -en Gesellschaft. bd.59, Jahrgang

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

1907, (8/9): 197-203, 2 pls. (published later than Willis and Blackwelder, the exact date of its publishing remains to be verified). Kokjar Group () Kokjar Formation Terra H de, 1932, Geologische Forschungen im westhichen Kunlun und Karakorum-Himalaya. Wiss. Ergebnisse d. Dr. Trinklerschen Zentralasien-Expedition, bd.II, x+196, Berlin Kekeya (Kokjar), 110 km south of Ye’erqiang, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For green sandstone, conglomerate, mudstone, and coal-bearing clastic rocks, with conglomerate in the base Triassic.

Kokodepsan Diamictite (' ) Kokodepsan Tillite Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory Text for 1:1 500 000 Scale of Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 20,71. First appeared in a 1944 manuscript by Huang T K Kekedipusang (Kokodepsan) between Tailan River and Quekedake River, north of Akesu, Hantengge’er district, Tianshan Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gravel beds Pleistocene.

Kokomaideng Formation (*) Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China,

Beijing: Science Press, 15. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Zhu Xia et al. Kekemaideng (Kokomaideng) in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brownish yellow coarse-grained sandstone and light grayish green sandstone Miocene. Kolaoho Formation ()) Kolaoho Series Ting V K, 1931, On the stratigraphy of the Fengninian System,

the Chinese Lower Carboniferous as based on coral zones, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 10(1): 31-48 Gelao river(Kolaoho), 11 km south of Dushan County, Guizhou Province For dark gray to black limestone with interbeds of muddy shale, with dolomitic limestone or dolomite in the lower part Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous. Kom Diamictite () Kom Moraine Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory Text for 1:1 500 000 Scale of Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 14, 71, table 2 Kumu(Kom) village in Nalun Basin, Altay Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For pebble, mud and sand Pleistocene Synonym: Camel Neck Diamictite.

Kongbeili Group () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Aqikekule Area Kongbeili in Aqikekule District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous.

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Kongbulake Beds () Qinghai Petroleum Geological Survey Team, 1963, Outline of Stratigraphy of Qilianshan, Altun and Kunlun Mts., in Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Kongbulake in the northern slope of Qimantage, Qinghai Province For gray, dark gray limestone with interbeds of dolomite and shale Early Permian. Kongdian Formation () Compiling Group for Shandong Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Shandong Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by No.1 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Kongdian village in Huanghua County, Hebei Province For brownish red, gray, and brown clastic rocks with interbeds of coal seams and oil shales Eocene. Kongdonghe Formation () Zhang Mingfa, Kang Peiquan, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingren, Anlong Sheet Kongdonghe farm, 5.5 km north of Shazigou, Zhenning County, Guizhou Province For a part of limestone within a limestone sequence Late Carboniferous Kongdonghe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Kongjiapuzi Shale () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-654 Kongjiapuzi village in Tianshifu valley, Benxi County, Liaoning Province For shales Late Carboniferous. Kongkashankou Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Kongkashankou in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of quartzite mudstone, with interbeds of limestone, breccioid limestone with interbeds of sandstone and silicalite Early Permian. Kongliecun Formation ($) Chen Zhepei, Zhong Shengzhong, Huang Lianjun, 1985, Geological Science and Technology of Guangdong, (2) Kongliecun village, 1.08 km southeast of Yangdao village, Ledong County, Hainan Province For alternating beds of thin-bedded slate and siltstone, with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Early Silurian. Kongmingdong Formation ( ) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjiang Sheet Kongmingdong in Nanjiang, Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For dark gray dolomite, dolomitic limestone with interbeds of sandstone, shale and marls Early Cambrian.

574

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kongqibulake Formation () Zhong Rui, Hao Yongxiang, 1990, Sinian-Permian Straigraphy and Paleontology of Tarim Basin (1), Kuruktag District, Nanjing: Nanking University Press Kongqibulakesayi, southwest of Quemo County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For blackish gray silty mudstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle, with sandstone-conglomerate in the upper part Late Ordovician The so called Kongqibulake Formation is an exotic block which encircled in the strata of Early Carboniferous or Permian. Kongqinzhaga Formation () Han Tonglin, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Kongqinzhaga in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Jurassic.

Kongshuhe Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lushui Sheet, Bijiang Sheet Kongshuhe in Mingguang, Tengchong County, Yunnan province For sandstone and limestone Late Carboniferous Komgshuhe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-

lithostratigraphic meaning.

Kongwangxi Formation () Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Sangzhi Sheet Kongwangxi, 1.5 km south of Guangmuchang, Hefeng County, Hunan Province For limestone, dolomite with interbeds of sandy dolomite Mid-Late Cambrian.

Kopaotsun Formation () Kopaotsun Lignite Series Wang Y L, Pien C S, 1945, Geology of the Kopaotsun Lignite Deposits, Iliang, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36): 61 Kebaocun (Kopaotsun) in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province For lignite beds Pliocene.

Kotuho Formation () Ting, V. K., 1947, Reports of Geogical Survey (1914-1930), Nanking, National Geological Survey Keduhe (Kotuho) located at the boundary between Rongfeng County, Yunnan Province and Weining County, Guizhou Province Mid Triassic.

Kouchuan Limestone ( ) Lee J S, 1927, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser.B, vol.4, fasc.1, 7 Kouchuan Town, Datong City, Shanxi Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Koujiacun Formation (#) Liu Tungsheng, Ding Menglin, Gao Fuqing, 1960, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1960(4) Koujiacun in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of light red clay and radish yellow sandy clay Miocene.

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Koumenzi Formation ($) Koumenzi Series Zhang Wentang, 1962, The Ordovician of China, Beijing: Science Press, 38. First appeared in a manuscript by Yu Changmin, Yu’s paper was published in 1963 (“Geology of Qilianshan Mt.”, vol.4, pt.3) Koumenzi in Daliang, Menyuan County, Qinghai Province For parti-coloured sandstone, slate and limestone, with interbeds of green sandstone Mid Ordovician.

Koumenzi Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 238. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Chu Benjun Koumenzi, northeast of Hailong County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish white, grayish yellow clay-bearing sands and gravel, with interbeds of white clay, brownish red gravel-bearing clay and coarse-grained sands Pleistocene. Kuahsinshan Formation (% ) Kuahsinshan Beds Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.I, 188 Kuaxingshan (Kuahsinshan) in Luquan County, Yunnan Province For limestone and marls Mid Devonian.

Kuaji Formation (& ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 221 First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Kuaji in Lixian County, Sichuan Province For metamorphic sandstone, sandy slate and limestone Late Triassic.

Kuanchai Sandstone (. ) Kuanchai Red Sandstone Wang S W, 1930, Mining and Metallurgy, 4(13): 56 Guanzhai (Kuanchai), 5 km east of Lianchang County, Fujian Province For red sandstone Tertiary.

Kuanchengzi Formation () Kuanchengzi Group Morita G, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 50(595): 114-117 Kuanchengzi in Changchun City, Jilin Province For coal-bearing strata Late

Jurassic.

Kuanchiaan Limestone . Kuanchiaan Siliceous Limestone Zhang W Y, transl., 1952, The Geology of China (in Chinese) (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co. Guanjiaan (Kuanchiaan) in Anhui Province For siliceous limestone Sinian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kuanchuang Group (. ) Kuanchuang Series T’an H C, 1923, New Research on the Mesozoic and Early Tertiary Geology in Shantung, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (5): 2 Guanzhuang (Kuanchuang) in Xintai County, Shandong Province Oligocene. Kuanchuanpu Formation () Cheng Meng’e, Cheng Xianggao, Lao Qiuyuan, 1975, An Introduction to the Metazoan Fossil from the Upper Sinian System in Southern Shensi and Its Stratigraphic Significance, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1975(2): 190-193 Kuanchuanpu in northern Ninqiang County, Shaanxi Province For the part belongs to the Cambrian within the top of the local Tongying Limestone Early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. It is the typical practice to dismember the definition of lithostratigraphic unit with the concept of geologic time Kuandian Group (+) Jiang Chunchao, 1973, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Northeast China, (2) Kuandian County, Liaoning Province For the sum of Dajiucaigou Formation, Daxicha Formation, Taipingshao Formation etc. Palaeoproterozoic. Kuangjiawan Formation (') Huishui Formation (Wang Keyong, 1984) Lin Shuji, 1992, in Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1992, Regional Geology of Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, revised the Huishui Formation as Kuangjiashan Formation Kuangjiawan in Huishui County, Guizhou Province For gray breccia, conglomerate, lateritic red gravel-bearing sandstone and mudstone Late Cretaceous Substitute name of Huishui Formation. Kuangshan Formation (1) (# 1) Kuangshan Series T’an H C, 1925, Report of Geological Survey of Henan, (1) Guangshan (Kuangshan) County, Henan Province For reddish brown tuffite, tuffaceous conglomerate and volcanic rocks Cretaceous Homonym: Kuangshan

Formation (2).

Kuangshan Formation (2) (# 2) Kuangshan Series Lee C, Chu S, 1933, Annual General Report of Academia Sinica of 1932, 159-166 Guangshan (Kuangshan) in Wugang County, Hunan Province For thin-bedded limestone with flint nodule Early Carboniferous Homonymous with Kuangshan Formation (1). Kuangshan Formation ( ) Kuangshan Coal Series, Kuangshanchang Coal Series Meng H M, 1947, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (17) Kuangshanchang in Heize County, Yunnan

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Province For yellow, green, gray shale, yellow, purplish red coarse-grained sandstone with interbeds of white quartzite, with conglomerate in the base and coal seams in the top Early Permian Synonym: Kuangshanchang Formation. Kuangshanchang Formation ( ) i.e. Kuangshan Formation. Kuangshantou Limestone ( ) Kuangshantou Limestone Series Chiang R, 1934, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.5, (I) Kuangshantou in Yunfu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For crystalline limestone Proterozoic. Kuangshishan Formation ( ) Hubei Institute of Regional Geological Survey, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shennongjia Sheet Kuangshishan located at the western slope of the main peak in Shennongjia Area, Hubei Province A component formation of the Shennongjia Group, for dolomitic siltstone with interbeds of mudstone, hematite, dolomite and quartzose sandstone Mesoproterozoic. Kuanhsien Conglomerate (N) Zhao Jiaxiang, He Shaoxun, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (8): 139 Guanxian (Kuanhsien) County, in Sichuan Province For conglomerate Cretaceous.

Kuankou Formation (N) Zhao Jiaxiang, He Shaoxun, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (8): 139 Guankou (Kuankou) Town, northwest of Dayi County, Sichuan Province For red sandstone and mudstone Cretaceous. Kuanling Formation () Kuanling Series Xu Deyou, 1939, Geological Review, 4(5): 314 Guanling (Kuanling) County, Guizhou Province For yellow sandy shale and black limestone Mid Triassic.

Kuanmenkou Limestone () Norin E, 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shanxi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 45 Guanmengou (Kuanmenkou) in Dongshan, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For limestone Early Permian. Kuanping Group () Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, (11) Kuanping, north of Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province For quartz schist, quartz marble and quartzite Proterozoic. Kuanshan Formation (.) Liu C C, Chao J G, 1924, Preliminary report on the geology and mineral resources of Kiangsu, Mem. Geol. Sruv. China, (4) Guanshan in Nanxiang Township, Shuining County, Jiangsu Province For limestone Sinian.

578

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kuansi Conglomerate () Geographic name Kuansi was Romanized as Kansai by the Japanese ( Ishizaki K, 1942) (LSI) Tan K, Rin T, 1934, On the Syokkozan Formation, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 24(130) Kuansi Town in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province For conglomerate Pliocene-Pleistocene. Kuantan Formation () Hu Xuezhi, 1992, Shanxi Geology, 7(4) Kuantan Township in Fanshi County, Shanxi Province For schistose conglomerate and mylonitization quartzite Palaeoproterozoic. Kuantanghou Formation (+) Kuantanghou Series Sun C C, 1928, Some Observations on the Oldest Formation in Shansi Province, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 7(3/4): 245-277 Kuantanggou (Kuantanghou) in Wutai County, Shanxi Province Presinian. Kuantaoshan Group (#) Geographic name Kuantaoshan was Romanized as Kantozan by the Japanese (LSI) Lin C C, 1935, Mem. Fac. Sci. & Agr., Taihoku Imp. Univ., 13(3) Kuantaoshan in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Miocene Homonym: Kuantaoshan Sandstone. Kuantaoshan Sandstone (# ) Geographic name Kuantaoshan was Romanized as Kantozan by the Japanese (LSI) Lin C C, 1935, Mem. Fac. Sci. & Agr., Taihoku Imp. Univ., 13(3) Kuantaoshan in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Miocene Homonym with

the same name and subordinate relationship: Kuantaoshan Group.

Kuanti Formation ( ) Kuanti Group Ting V K, Wang Y L, 1937, Cambrian and Silurian Formations of Malung and Chutang Districts, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 16(1): 128 Guandi (Kuanti) in Malong County, Yunnan Province For shale, siltstone, mudstone, with interbeds of marls Late Silurian. Kuantikou Limestone ( ) Norin E, 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 47 Guandigou (Kuantikou) in Eastern Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For limestone Early Permian Kuantoushan Formation () Liao Shifan, 1951, Bull. Geol. Central South China, (3): 77 Kuantoushan in Xiangtan County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of yellow sandy shale and gray shale, with interbeds of conglomerate and sandstone Late Jurassic.

Kuantoushan Shale (.9) Li Yueyan, 1940, Geological Review, 5(6): 494-506 Guandoushan (Kuantoushan), northwest of Jianwei County, Sichuan Province For shale Jurassic.

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Kuantzeling Formation () Geographic name Kuantzeling (for three Chinese characters) was Romanized as Kansirei by the Japanese Rokaku H, 1931, Report of Oilfield Geology of Chiayi, Tainan Kuantzeling village in Chiayi County, Taiwan Province For dark gray

shale with interbeds of thin-bedded calcareous sandstone, banded sandstone with interbeds of dark gray shale Miocene-Pliocene. Kuanwushan Formation (&#)

Kuanwushan Limestone Chu S, Wu T C, Yeh L T, 1942, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (4): 9 Guanwushan (Kuanwushan), northwest of Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province For limestone with interbeds of dolomitic limestone and calcareous siltstone Mid Devonian.

Kuanyinchiao Beds (&) Lu Yanhao, 1959, Professional Proceedings of Basic Material of the Geology of China, (2) Guanyinqiao (Kuanyinchiao) in Qijiang County, Sichuan Province For the calcareous mudstone beds within the Lungmachi Formation Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Abandoned synonym: Wulipo Beds; Within the range of distribution of the Kuanyinchiao, its geologic ages are varing from place to place and displaying the diachronic feature evidently.

Kuanyinshan Formation (&) Geographic name Kuanyinshan was Romanized as Kannozan by the Japanese (LSI)  Makiyama T, 1934, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan, Kuanyinshan Sheet Kuanyinshan close to the estuary of the Tanshui river, Taiwan Province Consists of yellowish sandstone, grayish or greenish tuffaceous sandy shale and thin conglomerate Pliocene-Pleistocene.

Kuanyinssu Formation (&) Kuanyinssu Series Young C C, Bien M N, 1937, Cenozoic geology of the Kaolan-Yungteng area of Central Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.16, 221-260 Guanyinsi (Kuanyinssu) close to Lanzhou City, Gansu Province Tertiary.

Kuanyintang Formation (&) Kuanyintang Beds, Kuanyintang Series Lee J S, 1931, Geology of Lushan, in Annals of Lushan (I) Guanyintang, west of Lushan pass, Jiangxi Province For blue shaly limestone and chocolate-coloured shale Cambrian.

Kuanyintung Limestone (&) Yoh S S, 1928, A Geological Reconnaissance of Chung-ching, Szechuan to Kueiyang, Kueichou Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (11): 34 Guanyindong (Kuanyintung), 2 km southwest of Donggongci, Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For limestone Early Permian Homonym: Kuanyintung Speleothem.

580

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kuanyintung Speleothem (& ) Pei Wenzhong, 1965, Discovery of Paleolithic Chert Artifacts in Kuan-Yin Tung Cave in Chien-Hsihien of Kweichow Province, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 9(3): 270279 Guanyindong (Kuanyintung) in Jingshan village, Shawo district, Qianxi County, Guizhou Province For speleothem, alternating beds of sands, gravel, and clay Pleistocene Homonymous with Kuanyintung Limestone. Kuanyinyen Limestone (&) Kuanyinyen Cherty Limestone Juan V C, 1942, Geology of Paikuowan Coal Field, Huili, Sikiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (35) Guanyinya (Kuanyinyen) in Baiguowan, Huili County, Sichuan Province For cherty limestone Permian. Kubaimu Formation () Wang Yunshan et al., 1980, Quanji Group of Northern Margin of Qaidam Basin, in Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 214-230 Kubaimu in Quanjishan, 70 km southeast of Da Qaidam Township, Qinghai Province For grayish white, light red thick-bedded quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of conglomerate, phosphorite and iron-bearing nodule Sinian. Kubusu Group () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kupu Sheet Kubusu in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For phyllite, siltstone, mudstone, slate and arkose Silurian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Kucha Formation () Norin E, 1935, Tertiary of the Tarim Basin, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 14(3): 340345 Kuqa (Kucha) County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Neocene. Kuchuang Slate ( ) Meng H M, 1947, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (17) Guzhuang (Kuchuang) in Huize County, Yunnan Province For black slate with interbeds of quartzose sandstone, with flint beds in the upper part Presinian.

Kueichulin Formation (3 ) Kueichuling Beds (Juan V C, 1954) Torii K, Yoshida K, 1931, Report on the Geology of the Oil Fields of Miaoli and Chutung, Hsinchu Kueichulin in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For alternating beds of greenish gray sandstone, sandy shale and shales Miocene. Kueihsien Formation () Kueihsien Limestone Chu T H, 1927-1928, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtug & Kwangsi, vol.1, 11 Guixian(Kueihsien) County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Carboniferous-Permian.

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Kueihsingshan Formation (O) Wang Xiaoqing, Xu Ruilin, 1951, Bull. Geol. Central South China, (3): 101 Guixingshan (Kueihsingshan), northwest of Shimenkou, Liling County, Hunan Province For coal series Mid Jurassic. Kueilin Formation (3 ) Kueilin Limestone Feng T L, 1929, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol. II, pt.2, 21-52 Guilin (Kueilin) City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Late Devonian.

Kueiling Formation (O) Kueiling Sandstone Formation Wang Shaowen, 1930, Mining and Metallurgy, 4(13): 56 Guiling range, 20 km east of Changding County, Fujian Province For sandstone Early Jurassic.

Kueishan Formation (O) Tan K, 1929, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 19(105) Kueishan village in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Miocene. Kueishan Formation (2) Kueishan Coal Series Li Hongmo, Wang Shanwen, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1/2). First appeared in a manuscript by Wang C C, Ho C S Guishan between Lunan County and Luxi County, Yunnan Province For coal series Late Permian. Kueiteh Group () Kueiteh Formation Loczy F von, 1899, in Die Wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse der Reise des Grafen Bela Szechenyi in Ostasien, 1877-1880, bd. III, Wien Guide (Kueiteh) in Qinghai Province For alternating beds of parti-coloured siltstone, sandstone, and mudstone Pleistocene. Ku’ergan Formation () Kushigan Formation (Liao Zhuoting et al., in Cheng Piji, 1990, 229, misunderstanding) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Stratigraphic Team of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology Ku’ergan in Xiao Tikanlikequan valley, Wensu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of silty mudstone and sandstone with interbeds of carbonaceous shale Early Permian. Ku’erkake Formation () Fang Xilian, 1980, Xinjiang Geology, (4). First appeared in a manuscript by Ma Shipeng & Wang Yuzhen Ku’erkake in Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of dark gray siltstone and silty shale Sinian.

582

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Ku’erliang Group () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for

1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Kanxiwa, Western Kunlun Mt.- Heweitan, Karakorum Mt.Area Ku’erliang close to Keliyang river, Pishan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish black conglomerate, grayish green quartzose sandstone, phyllite and limestone Late Carboniferous. Ku’ermutu Group () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology

of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 89 Ku’ermutu, northeast of Altay Town, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of metamorphic and normal sedimentary clastic rocks, schist, gneiss, migmatite, with interbeds of light metamorphic sandstone, mudstone and siltstone Late Silurian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Ku’erti Formation () Zhao Mingyu et al., 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fuyun Sheet Ku’erti in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Permian.

Kufeng Formation () Kufeng Limestone Yih L F, Li C, 1924, Geology of the Coalfield of ChinHsien and Hsuan-cheng, Anhui, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6): 13-20 Gufeng (Kufeng) Town, Jingxian County, Anhui Province For grayish black siliceous shale and siliceous beds, with interbeds of bitumen shale, red, yellow sandy shale Early Permian.

Kuhai Formation (( ) No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinghai Sheet Kuhai in Qinghai Province Neocene.

Kuhsiangtun Formation (P) Geographic name Kuhsiangtun was Romanized as Kokyoton by the Japanese, and as Housiandoun by the French (LSI) Endo R, 1939, Geology and Mineral

Resources in Manchuria, revised edition, Sanseido, Tokyo, Osaka, 1941, “Kokyoton”, Bull. Assoc. Preserv. Noted Places, History Sites, vol.2 Guxiangtun (Kuhsiungtun), southwest of Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province For light yellow fine-grained sandy clay, black clay, with alternating beds of yellow and grayish white core-grained sands, clay and conglomerate in the lower part, yellowish-gray clayey sand to sandy clay and fossil-bearing strata in the upper part Pleistocene Synonym: Haila’er Formation.

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Kuhua Group () Kuhua Series Yoh S S, 1929, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.II, 53-85 Guhua (Kuhua) County ( today Shoucheng), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the sum of Panhsiung Shale and Kuhua Limestone Late Devonian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Kuhua

Limestone.

Kuhua Limestone () Feng T L, 1929, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.II, 2152 Guhua (Kuhua) County (today Shoucheng), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the limestone within the Kuhua Group Late Devonian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Kuhua Group.

Kuji’ertai Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tuoli Sheet Kuji’ertai in Tuoli County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For parti-coloured sandstone, conglomerate, with interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone and coal seams Late Permian.

Kukebai Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by No.107 Geology Team of Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Management Kukebai in Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the Yingjisha Group, for green, garish green with interbeds of grayish yellow and dark gray mudstone and conglomerate, and interbeds of carbonaceous mudstone and tuffite Cretaceous.

Kukeya Formation i.e. Kokjar Group. Kulai Formation ( ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hami Sheet Kulai in Hami County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, yellowish green, grayish yellow clastic rocks, silty mudstone and conglomerate Late Permian.

Kulanagu Group () Liu Zengqian et al., 1990 The Tectonics and the Evolution of Formations, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-165 Kulanagu in the middle reaches of Kalakashi River, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gneiss, schist, quartzite and marble Palaeoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures

of stratigraphical classification.

584

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kulang Formation () Kulang Series Sun C C, 1936, On the radiography of upper Huangho & Nan Shan region, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 75-86 Gulang in Wuwei County, Gansu Province For limestone Ordovician. Kuli Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 40 Kuli in Liangshan Town, Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province For phyllite and tuffite with interbeds of siliceous slate and blastosandstone Neoproterozoic. Kulutielieketi Formation ($) Wang Jingbin, Cheng Shoude, Bai Wenxian, Wang Lixin, The Glacial Rocks in

Sinian System of Western Tianshan Mt., Precambrian Geology, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 105-118 Kulutielieketi located at the upper reaches of Keguerqin River, Jinghe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For basic volcanic rocks, tuffite and diamictite Sinian. Kumasu Group () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Deliu, Qinghe Sheet Kumasu in Fuyun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For sandstone, sandy limestone, phyllite with interbeds of quartzite Early Carboniferous A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Kumdaban Formation (#) Kumdaban Series Norin E, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, 185-196 Kumudaban (Kumdaban), 48 km southeast of Tuokexun, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For tuffite, breccia, parti-coloured sandstone and marls Late Carboniferous. Kumuqibulake Formation () Zhong Rui, Hao Yongxiang, 1990, Sinian-Permian Biostratigraphy of Tarim Basin, Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press Kumuqibulake in Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone Mid Ordovician. Kumushi Formation () Song Shuhe, 1947, Geological Review, 12(3/4): 232 Kumushi in Tuokexun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For biotite-schist, muscovite, schist and quartzite Palaeoproterozoic. Kumutake Formation (#) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing:

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Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Xinjiang Department of Petroleum Geology Kumutake close to Shadunzi, south of Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For orange yellow, brownish red mudstone, with blue conglomerate in the base Late Cretaceous. Kuna’erhe Formation ( ) Tong Zhifang, Xie Guisheng, et al., 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Longzhen Sheet Kuna’erhe in Heilongjiang Province For volcanic clastic rocks with interbeds of sandstone Early Carboniferous. Kunanau Beds ( ) Usami M, Matumoto T, 1940, Geological Map of Taiwan: Daibuzan Sheet Kunanau village in Pingtung County, Taiwan Province Consists mainly of dark gray slate intercalated with thin layers of compact sandstone and sometimes conglomerate composed of pebbles of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks Eocene. Kunasenhe Formation ( ) Zhu Ciying et al., 1982, Bull. Shenyang Inst. Geol. Miner. Resour., (4) Kunasen river in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For quartzose sandstone, arkose, graywacke, tuffaceous sandstone, with interbeds of conglomerate Early Ordovician. Kungchangling Granite (3 ) Geographic Kungchangling was Romanized as Kyuchorei by the Japanese (LSI) Tsuru K, 1935, Contact effect upon iron ore deposits, Publ. Ryojun Coll. Eng., (93) Gongchangling (Kungchangling) close to the Anshan Iron Mine, 48 km south of Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province For cataclastic rock containing quartz, plagioclase (albite-olbite-clase), microcline and small amount of mica Proterozoic. Kungchiafen Shale (,) Wang Y L, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1/2): 73-94. First appeared in a manuscript

by Wang C C, Huo S C, Wang and Huo’s paper was published in 1945 (Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36)) Kongjiafen (Kungchiafen) in Songming County, Yunnan Province For yellowish green shales Early Cambrian.

Kungho Formation ( ) Kungho Series Sun C C, 1936, On the stratigraphy of upper Huangho & Nan Shan region, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 75-86 Gonghe (Kungho) County, Qinghai Province For gray sands, gravel and mudstone Tertiary Homonym: Gonghe Formation (Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991) and Gonghe Formation (China Stratigraphical Information System, 1995, www. drc.cgs.gov.cn). Kung Hsin Tun Formation () Yuan P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, pl.1 Kongxintun (Kung Hsin Tun) close to Fuyuan, Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous.

586

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kungkuan Tuff ()) Geographic name Kungkuan was Romanized as Kokan by the Japanese (LSI) Ishikawa Y, 1930, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan, Taihoku Sheet Gungkuan located at southeast Taipei City, Taiwan Province For tuffite Miocene. Kungkuan-Taliao Formation ()–) Kungkuan-Taliao, the composite of two Chinese geographic names is Romanized as Kokan-Tairyo by the Japanese Tan K, 1938, Geological Report on the Shantzechiao Oil Field, Taipei The typical place in the Shangtzechiao Coal Field, Taipei City, Taiwan Province Included the Kungkuan Tuff and the Taliao Forma-

tion. Tan divided it into four subdivisions, from the top downwards: the Ditrupabearing sandstone member, the Pecten-bearing sandstone member, the tuffaceous limestone (Lepidocyclina-bearing) member, and the fossiliferous arkose member Miocene Such geographic name of the stratigraphical unit does not conform to the rules of the stratigraphical nomenclature. It may be called as a new group. Kunglin Formation i.e. Hsiunglin Formation. Kungling Schist () Lee J S, with assistance of Chao Y T, 1924, Geology of the Gorges Area of the Yangtze from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(3): 357 Kongling beach, east of Xintan County, Hubei Province For schist Presinian.

Kungpaofu Limestone () Chao T H, He S H, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (8): 135 Gongbaofu in Goujiaping between Guanxian County and Dayi County, Sichuan Province For limestone Early Carboniferous.

Kungtsiaossu Formation ()) Sun Y C, 1946, Recent Notes on Mineral Resources Survey, (67): 5 Kongquesi (Kungtsiaossu) in Baoshan County, Yunnan Province Late Cambrian. Kungtungshan Formation () Kuntungshan Series Ho C S, Liu T C, Chang E T, 1948, Coal Field Geology of Eastern Kansu, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (37). First appeared in a 1944 manuscript by Biq C C, Hsu T L Kongdongshan, 20 km west of Pingliang County, Gansu Province For conglomerate Mid-Late Jurassic. Kuniuling Formation () Kuniuling Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co. Guniuling (Kuniuling) in Lushan, Jiangxi Province For bluish white, greenish and silver gray, clay slates with laminated miraculous sandstone in

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the upper part, and loose or crumbly ashy-gray sandstone marked by numerous inconstant layers, lenses and streaks of black material in the lower part. Intercalated with a hard conglomeratic sandstone in the base Sinian. Kunkelaqi Formation (0$) Wu Shaozu, Zhang Zhimin, 1987, Carboniferous-Permian Systems and Its Fauna of Keping District, Xinjiang, Beijing: China Ocean Press Kunkelaqitag, southwest of Aheqi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For argillaceous

limestone with interbeds of muddy sandstone, gray limestone with interbeds of sandstone Early Permian. Kunlun Formation (0) Kunlun Series Tan H C, 1923, New Research on the Mesozoic and Early Ter-

tiary Geology in Shantung, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (5). First appeared in a manuscript by Solgar F Kunlun Town in Zibo City, Shandong Province Jurassic.

Kunlunguan Granite (0 ) Chang W Y, Hsu T Y, 1943, The third note on the stratigraphical unconformities in Kuangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 23(1/2): 57-60 Kunlunguan in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For granite.

Kunshan Formation (1) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Rizhao Sheet Kunshan in Wulian County, Shandong Province Dealing with a component formation within the Wulian Group, for marble, slate, leptynite and schist Palaeoproterozoic.

Kunshan Formation (1) (0 1) Yu Jianhua, Cheng Minjuan, Huang Zhicheng, Fang Yiting, Cheng Yuntan, 1979, On Ordovician from South Jiangsu, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(3): 157-174 Kunshan County, Jiangsu Province For calcareous dolomite and brecciated dolomite Early Ordovician Homonym: Kunshan Formation (2).

Kunshan Formation (2) (0 2) Wu Yunbiao, Li Congxian, 1987, Quaternary Geology of Changjiang Delta, Beijing: China Ocean Press Kunshan County, Jiangsu Province For grayish yellow, grayish green gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone and clay Pleistocene Homonymous with Kunshan Formation (1).

Kunteqi Formation (1) No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chenqing Sheet Kunteqi in Heilongjiang Province Early Cretaceous.

588

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kunyang Group (0) Kunyang Formation Zhu T H, 1927, Geological Notes of Yunnan, pt.2, 3 Kunyang County, Yunnan Province For purple, green, brown, gray, and black

slate and phyllite with interbeds of grayish white to dark gray siliceous dolomitic limestone, yellow, reddish purple quartzose sandstone, with ferruginous beds, a few carbonaceous shales and graphites Presinian.

Kunyang Member () Chang B T, Lee C S, 1984, Industrial Technology, (116): 28-43 Kunyang close to Lushan Hot Spring, Nantou County, Taiwan Province Dealing with a member in Lushan Formation, for phyllite Miocene.

Kuochia’ao Sandstone ( ) T’an H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press &

the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections) Guojia’ao (Kuochia’ao), 0.5 km north of Ziliujing, Sichuan Province For sandstone Cretaceous. Kuochiapa Formation () Kuochiapa Series Hou Defeng, 1939, Geological Review, 4(6): 425 Guojiaba (Kuochiapa) in Wangcang County, Sichuan Province For quartzose sandstone, purple and green shales with interbeds of limestone Cambrian.

Kuochiapu Conglomerate () Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 432 Guojiapo close to Datong City, Shanxi Province For conglomerate Oligocene

or Miocene.

Kuohsing Formation (%) Geographic name Kuohsing was Romanized as Kokusei by the Japanese (LSI) Hayasaka I, Ichimura T, Tomita Y, Tan K, 1936, Report on the Geology of the

Damaged Area of the Taiwan Earthquake of 1935, in The Taiwan Earthquake of 1935 Kuohsing in Nantou County, Taiwan Province For the following strata as a whole: the upper coal-bearing formation, the upper marine fossil formation, the middle coal-bearing formation, and the upper part of the lower marine fossil formation Miocene.

Kuonuo’erguo Beds ( ) Kouonuo’erguo Bed (originally wrong spelling) Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanation Text for 1:1 500 000 Scale Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 14, 23, table 2 Kuonuo’erguo located at the northwest margin of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For yellow, brown grave beds Pleistocene.

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Kuotashan Formation () Kuotashan Series Zhang Zhaojin, 1941, Bull. Geol. Surv. Sikang, (1): 5 Guodashan (Kuotashan), north of Kangding County, Sichuan Province CambrianOrdovician. Kuotsun Shale () Kuotsun Series Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1935 manuscript by Ting Y Guocun (Kuotsun) in Taiping County, Anhui Province For shale Late Cambrian (?) or Ordovician. Kupeikou Conglomerate () Zhang Lanqing, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 85, 89 Gubeikou (Kupeikou) in Miyun county, Hebei Province For conglomerate Proterozoic Homonym: Kupeikou Gneiss. Kupeikou Gneiss ( ) Zhang Lanqing, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 85, 89 Gubeikou (Kupeikou) in Miyun county, Hebei Province For gneiss Archean Homonymous with

Kupeikou Conglomerate.

Kupukuziman Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Kupukuziman in Shazijing County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, purplish red mudstone, sandstone, limestone, tuffite and parti-coloured basalt Early Permian. Kuquan Formation (1) ((  1) Zhang Mingshu, 1964, Geological Review, 22(1) Kuquan in Subei County, Gansu Province For red silty mudstone, parti-coloured mudstone and sandstoneconglomerate Pliocene  Homonym: Kuquan Formation (2). Kuquan Formation (2) ((  2) Jin Songqiao, 1974, Acta Geologica Sinica, 48(2): 159-174. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by Guo Jingxin Kuquan in Subei County, Gansu Province Early Carboniferous Homonymous with Kuquan Formation (1). Kurasu Formation () Kurasu Series Torii K, 1935, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tosei Sheet Kurasu village in Taichung County, Taiwan Province Included two members: the lower Wushihkeng Member and the upper Paileng Member which are predominantly erinaceous Eocene. Kuru’er Formation (*) Kuru’er Series Lin Juntang et al., 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Kuqa District. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by No.

590

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

13 Geology Team, Ministry of Geology Kuru’er in Boluohuoluo Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green massive sandstone, calcareous finegrained sandstone, with interbeds of siliceous siltstone and limestone Mid Silurian. Kurukeshayi Beds (*) Kurukeshayi Conglomerate Wang Wenxian, 1986, A study on the development

history of the Quaternary Deposits of the Lop-nur lake and its adjacent area, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 75-86 Kurukeshayi valley, 8-10 km west of Qiongkuerpu valley, 30 km southeast of Milan ruins, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gravel beds Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Kurukeshayi Formation. Kurukeshayi Formation (*) Wang Wenxian, 1986, A study on the development history of the Quaternary Deposits of the Lop-nur lake and its adjacent area, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 75-86 Kurukeshayi valley, 8-10 km west of Qiongkuerpu valley, 30 km southeast of Milan ruins, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Kurukeshayi Beds, Luanshanzi Beds and Tuyin Beds Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Kurukeshayi Beds. Kuruktagh Formation i.e. Quruq Tagh Group. Kurukusum Formation () Grober P, 1914, Der Sudliche Tien-schan, Geogr. Abh., bd.10, heft 1 Kulukew-

usumu (Kurukusum) village between Keping County and Akesu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For conglomerate, parti-coloured sandstone, shale and marls, with interbeds of gypsum in red shale Late Carboniferous. Kushan Formation () Kushan Series (Lee J S, 1939, 470) Shu Wenbo, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica, (10): 98 Gushan in West Lake, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province Early Cretaceous.

Kushan Formation () Kushan Shale Blackwelder E,1907,in Willis and Blackwelder, Research in China, vol. 1,pt. 1, 19-58 Kushan in Changqing County, Shandong Province For yellowish green shale with interbeds of purple shale, bluish gray banded limestone and edgewise conglomerate Late Cambrian. Kushanhe Formation () No.2 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, The Paleozoic of Xinjiang (II), Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by No.2 Geology Team, Minisrty of Geology Kushanhe, southeast of Aketao County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, grayish black

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limestone, grayish green muddy siltstone and sandy mudstone Early Carboniferous. Kushigan Formation () See Ku’ergan Formation. Kushitai Group () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhaosu Sheet Kushitai in Tekesi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dolomite, limestone, silicalite and marble, with interbeds of siltstone Mesoproterozoic A group without any formation de-

viates the procedures of stratigraphical classification.

Kushiwunike’er Formation () Cheng Tingen, 2000, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-

Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000, Geological Evolution of the Karakorum-Kunlun Mountains, Beijing: Science Press, 57, 59 Kushiwunike’er in Pamir, southwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark gray shale with interbeds of sandstone and brownish gray marls Late Triassic.

Kushuiquan Formation (( ) Wang Baoyu, Li Henghai, 1989, Xinjiang Geology, 7(1): 53-66 Kushuiquan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Synonymous with Hongliugou Formation.

Kushuixia Formation (( ) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Kushuixia in Jingyuan County, Gansu Province For alternating beds of purple sandstone and pork-liver clayey shale Late Jurassic.

Kusongmuqieke Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Kusongmuqieke Range, close to Songshuitoudaban, Western Tianshan Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the limestone with interbeds of sands mud, and carbonaceous rocks Mesoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classfication.

Kutaoling Formation ( ) Kutaoling Limestone Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (9): 136-137 Gudaoling (Kutaoling) in the valley of Qianyou River, Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province For dark gray thick-

bedded limestone, with thin-bedded shale in the upper part, and with interbeds of thin-bedded shale and quartzose sandstone in the lower part Mid Devonian.

592

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kuti Limestone () Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Kuti in Ngari District, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone Triassic.

Kutiereke Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Atlas, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Subashi Sheet Kutiereke in Subashi District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of parti-coloured acidic lava, tuffite, and tuffaceous conglomerate, with interbeds of clastics Early Permian.

Kutingkeng Formation ( ) Torii K, 1932, Report on the Geology of the Hsinhua Oil Field, Tainan The village of Kutingkeng in Kaohsiung County, Taiwan Province Kutingkeng Formation is supposed to be equivalent to the Yunshui Formation Pliocene This

name “Kutingkeng” is not used today. Kutsing Formation ()

Kutsing Group Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt. I, Palaeo-

zoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 188, 191 Qujing (Kutsing) County, Yunnan Province For limestone and shale Mid Devonian. Kutzushan Limestone ()

Ting V K, 1947, Report of Geological Survey, National Geological Survey of China Guzishan (Kutzushan), 10 km north of Fumin County, Yunnan Province For limestone Permian.

Kuweixi Formation () Xiao Bing, 1990, Paleozoic of Xinjiang (I), Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Ma Shipeng et al. Kuweixi,

northwest of Kandilike village, Shache County, southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray quartzose sandstone and crystalline limestone Mid Ordovician. Kuyang Formation (,) Sun C C, 1934, Geology of Suiyuan & Southwest Chahar, Mem. Geo. Surv. China, ser.A, (12) Guyang County in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For schist Proterozoic.

Kuyeh Formation () Kuyeh couche de Mathieu, F. F., 1927, Bull. Soc. Belge de Geol., tome 36, 162; 1928, Ann. Soc. Geol. Nord, 52 Guye (Kuyeh) County, Hebei Province For sandstone Permian.

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Kuyihe Group () Tong Zhifang, Xie Guisheng, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Longzhen Sheet Kuyihe in Heilongjiang Province Neoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of Stratigraphical classi-

fication. Kuyuan Formation (,) Kuyuan Series Young C C, Bien M N, 1937, Cenozoic Geology of the Kaolan-

Yungteng Area of Central Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 16(1), in commemoration of Dr. Ting V K Guyuan (Kuyuan) County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For red sands, mudstone with interbeds of gypsum Eocene. Kuzhu Formation (() Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 52 First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Cai Jin Kuzhu in Tangli Township, Lizhu, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province For brownish yellow shale with interbeds of lime-

stone, light gray to grayish black siliceous, muddy and carbonaceous limestone

Late Cambrian.

Kuzigongsu Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Kuzigongsu in Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For red thick-bedded conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone and mudstone Late Jurassic.

Kwangsi Group (/) Kwangsi Series Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2(2) Guangxi (Kwangsi) Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Devonian.

Kwangyuan Formation (/!) Kwangyuan Coal Series Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, 406, fig.294 Guangyuan (Kwangyuan) County, Sichuan Province Dealing with Richth-

fen F von’s Kohienfuhrende Formation von Kwang-Yuen, for coal-bearing strata

Jurassic Grabau A W misunderstood the Kohienfuhrende Formation von Kwang-

Yuen ( in Germany ) of Richthofen F von as a stratigraphic name “Kwangyuan Coal Series”; Synonym: Xujiahe Formation; Homonym: Kwangyuan Group. Kwangyuan Group (/!)

Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (9): 161-162 Guangyuan (Kwangyuan) County, Sichuan Province For purple, yellowish green, yellowish brown clay, mudstone sandstone and shale Mid-Late Jurassic Chao and Huang were on the one side abandoned

Richthofen F von’s Kwangyuan Coal Series, then they established their Kwangyuan

594

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Formation with the same geographic name Kwangyuan, This practice did not conform to the rules of stratigraphic nomenclature. Homonymous with Kwangyuan Formation. Kwan yin ya Formation (&) Zhang Yunxiang, Duan Guoda, Li Cunshuai, Gao Zhengliang, 1958, Geological Monthly, (6): 19-28 Guanyinya (Kwan yin ya) in Baguanhe, Yanbian County, Sichuan Province For purplish red sandstone, shale, and dolomite Late Sinian.

L Laba Formation (1) ( 1) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menglian Sheet Old Laba (today Nanpan), Lancang County, Yunnan Province For gray quartzose sandstone, yellowish green shale, grayish black silicalite with interbeds of purplish red shale and marl lenticle Permian Homonym: Laba Formation (2). Laba Formation (2) ( 2) Laba Group Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Re-

gional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 68. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Li Peiji & Li Tiande Laba in Habahe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For schist with interbeds of quartzite Early Ordovician Laba Formation (2) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning; Homonymous with Laba Formation (1). Labuchari Formation (F ) Liu Guangcai, 1993, Qinghai Geology, 2(1) Labuchari in Golmud City, Qinghai Province For dark gray clastic rocks with interbeds of thin coal seams Late Permian. Labugang Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Labugang in Tibet Autonomous Region Pliocene. Lafa Group () Lafahe Group ( Yang Xuechang et al., 1978, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(2): 130-145, revised) Morita G, 1943, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 50(595): 114-117 Lafa in Jiaohe district, Jilin Province For the sum of Moshilazi Formation and Baojiatun Formation, composed of gravel-bearing sandstone, paper shale, oil shale, with interbeds of coal seams, with tuffaceous sandstone and bentonite in the lower part Cretaceous. Lafahe Group See Lafa Group. Laga Formation () Lin Baoyu, 1983, Paleozoic Stratigraphy of Xainza District, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Laga in Yongzhu Township, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish white, grayish green quartzose sandstone, gravel-bearing sandy slate, siltstone, shale with interbeds of conglomerate Late Carboniferous.

596

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lagengla Schist (-) Lagenla Schist Series Li Pu, 1955, Preliminary knowledge of geology of eastern Tibet, Academia Sinica, 7, table 5 Lagengla in Tibet Autonomous Region For green chlorite schist Precambrian-Cambrian. Lagongtang Formation ( ) Lagongtang Series Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1955(7) Lagongtang in Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For black limestone and brown dolomite Late Jurassic. Lagu Formation () See Laigu Formation. Lagude Formation () Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Stratigraphy and Palaeontology Group, Laboratory of Yunnan Bureau of Geology Lagude village, 10 km north of Lude, Kongsheng County, Yunnan Province For limestone and dolomitic limestone Mid Devonian. Laguigangri Group (Q) Liu Shikun, Yaozongfu, 1997, in Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xia Daixiang, Liu Shikun ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (54), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Tibet Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 76-77 Laguigangri in Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region For quartz schist with interbeds of marble, with gneiss and metamorphic volcanic rocks Presinian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Laguocuo Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Laguocuo in Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous.

Laibuxi Formation (2) Wang Yigang, Sun Dongli, He Guixiong, 1980, New advances in the stratigraphy of the Himalayas, Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1): 55-59 Laibuxi bridge, south of Tulong village, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish yellow shale, sandstone, tuffaceous limestone, limestone, argillaceous limestone and muddy shale Mid Triassic. Laicun Formation (2) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press,

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256 Laicun Township, Ningdu County, Jiangxi Province For parti-coloured conglomerate, sandstone with interbeds of gravel-bearing graywacke Late TriassicEarly Jurassic. Laigu Formation () Laigu Group, Lagu Formation (Yin Jixiang, 1977) No.3 Sichuan Regional Ge-

ological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Laigu (today Lagu) in Basu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a series of strata composed mainly of clastic rocks with interbeds of volcanic rocks and a few carbonate rocks Late Carboniferous-Early Permian.

Laiguo Diamictite ( ) Laiguo Tillite No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Laiguo in Tibet Autonomous Region For yellow gravel and clay Pleistocene.

Laijia Group (2) Laijia Formation Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xianju Sheet Laijia in Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province For the sum of Liangtoutang Formation and Chichengshan Formation Late Cretaceous.

Laikeshan Formation (2!) Wang Gang, Jiao Huiliang, 1983, Regional Geology of Guizhou, (1) Laikeshan in Sandu County, Guizhou Province For yellowish green, grayish green silty shale and thin-bedded muddy silicalite, silty claystone Mid Ordovician.

Laiqing Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yadong Sheet Laiqing in Mulin County, Tibet Autonomous Region Pliocene.

Laishike Formation (2) Laishike Member Chen Chuzhen, Li Wenben, 1979, Triassic System of South-

western China, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Carbonate Biostratigraphy of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Laishike village, 4 km southwest of Longchang, Zhenfeng County, Guizhou Province For gray, grayish green, yellowish green claystone, siltstone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Late Triassic. Laiwu Formation ( $)

Chi Peixing, 1993, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Laiwu County, Shandong Province Holocene.

598

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Laiyang Group ( ) Laiyang Formation Tan H C, 1923, New research on the Mesozoic and Early Tertiary geology in Shantung, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (5): 55-67 Laiyang County, Shandong Province Early Cretaceous.

Lajiangshan Formation () Tibet Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Lajiangshan Township, Deqing District, Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red, particoloured clastic rocks with interbeds of limestone Early Cretaceous.

Lajiunongba Formation (

)

No.3 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Lajiunongba in Guyu Township, Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray thickbedded flint nodule and bands dolomite Late Ordovician.

Lala Formation () Li Fuhan, 1988, Presinian of the Xikang-Yunnan District, Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House Lala in Sichuan Province Palaeoproterozoic(?).

Lalagou Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multi-

ple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 11 Lalagou in Dashanzuizi Township, close to Tadong, Dunhua City, Jilin Province A component formation of the Tadong Group, for gneiss, leptynite etc. Proterozoic. Lalan Formation (3) Wang Yuelun, 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(4): 361-374 Lalan, east of Sanhe, Guizhou Province Presinian.

Lalang Formation () Lalang Series Lee J S, Chao K K, Chang W Y, 1941, Stratigraphic Tables of Kwangsi, Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Guilin Lalang close to Yishan, Tianhe County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Early Triassic.

Lalaotu Limestone (.) Sheng Jinzhang, 1958, Acta Palaeotologica Sinica, 6(1): 35. First appeared in a manuscript by Weng Lixun Lalaotu, 70 km southwest of Zhesi, 22 km northeast of Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For limestone Late

Carboniferous.

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Lalei Formation ( ,) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menglian Sheet Lalei in Yunnan Province Early Devonian. Lalijian Formation (4) No.326 Anhui Geology Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Taihu Sheet Lalijian, close to to Riyueshan, Huaining County, Anhui Province For gray, grayish black sandstone, siltstone, sandy shale and grayish black carbonaceous shale with interbeds of coal seams Late Triassic Synonymous with Fanchiatang Formation. Laluobu Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhongdian Sheet Laluobu, close to Niushibu, 72 km southeast of Deqin County, Yunnan Province For grayish green basalt, yellowish green sandy slate, with interbeds of crystalline limestone Late Permian.

Lamagou Beds ( +) Noda M, 1952, Geology and Mineral Resources of East Asia, Stratigraphy-5a, 1-49. First appeared in a manuscript by Kihara B Lamagou in Xinglong County, Hebei Province For black shale and sandy shale Late Carboniferous. Lamagou Formation () Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 31. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Changchun College of Geology Lamagou in Qinglong County, Hebei Province For a component formation of local Qianxi Group Palaeoproterozoic. Lamamiao Formation ( +) Cheng Piji, 2000, Chapter 17, Continental Cretaceous, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979–1999), Hefei: China University of Science and Technology Press, 341, 343, table 17-4 Lamamiao in Junggar Banner, northeast of Erdos Basin, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region The top component formation of the Pao’an Group, for alternating beds of yellowish gray sandstone and red sandy mudstone, with interbeds of coal seams or coal lenticle Early Cretaceous. Lamassu Formation ( +) Misch P, 1946, On the discovery of Upper Permian (Lopingian) in West Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.26, 65-82 Lamasi (Lamassu), northwest of Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province For black shale, parti-coloured shale with interbeds of sandstone Early-Mid Triassic.

600

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lamaya Formation ( +) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Lamaya close to Reke, Litang County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of dark gray quartzose sandstone, black carbonaceous slate and silty slate Late Triassic. Lamei Formation ( ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lijiang Sheet Lamei village located at the west bank of Jinshajiang River, Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province For yellow, yellowish green sandstone, mudstone and limestone Early Triassic Synonymous with original Likiang Beds. Lameng Formation () Lameng Beds Brown J C, 1916, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol.47, pc.4, 244 Lameng, southwest of Baoshan County, Yunnan Province Early Ordovician.

Lamenzi Formation () Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team Lamenzi, north of Liuhe Town, Liuhe County, Jilin Province For grayish white sandstone, silicalite with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Early Jurassic. Lamenzi Formation () i.e. Lamenzi Formation (). Lanashan Formation ( ) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for

1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by Wen Peiran Lanashan in Batang County, Sichuan Province For a series of metamorphic sandstone, slate and carbonaceous shale with interbeds of coal seams, with limestone and dolomitic limestone in the middle part Late Triassic.

Lancang Group (56) Lancangjiang Series Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiguan Sheet. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Peng Xiaoxian Lancangjiang River, Yunnan Province For grayish green, grayish yellow sericite schist, phyllite with interbeds of carbonaceous silicalite, quartz keratophyre Presinian. Lanchengqu Group ( ) Liang Dingyi et al., 1991, in Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Lanchengqu river in Zhada County, Tibet Autonomous Region For yellow, purplish red limestone (lower); black,

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blackish green slate with interbeds of marls (middle); and grayish white quartzose sandstone with interbeds of silicalite (upper) Triassic-Early Jurassic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Landaowanwusu Formation ( ) He Yuanliang, 1984, Probe into the Classification of Continental Jurassic of Qinghai Province Preliminarily, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (14), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 165-184 Landaowanwusu in Qinghai Province For white thick-bedded conglomerate, gravel-bearing coarsegrained sandstone, white fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of carbonaceous shale Early Jurassic. Lanfengnan Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiguan Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by Investigation Group of Special Subject on Metamorphic Rocks of No.1 Regional Geological Survey Team Lanfengnan in Diancangshan District, Yunnan Province For a component formation of the Tsang Shan Group Proterozoic or CambrianOrdovician. Langan Group () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yutai Sheet Langan Township in Suxian County, northern Anhui Province For the sum of Jinshanzhai Formation and Houjiashan Formation Neoproterozoic. Langba Formation (-) Liang Dingyi, Wang Weiping, 1983, Probe into the Carboniferous and Its Bio-

fauna of Kangma and Quxia, Lazi, Tibet Preliminarily, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 226334 Langba in Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the component formation of the Shaogang Group, for schist, marble Early Carboniferous. Langcuo Group ( ) Tibet Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1980, Geological Review, 26(2): 151162 Langcuo, 20 km east of Ngamring County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red micrite Late Permian. Langdai Formation () Langdai Group No.8 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:350 000 Scale Geological Map of Guizhou Province. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by He Ziai Langdai in Liuzhi County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of quartzose sandstone, grayish black mudstone and carbonaceous mudstone, with interbeds of coal seams Late Triassic Synonymous with Huopachung Formation.

602

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Langdonggou Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China,(1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 122 Langdonggou in Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of grayish black silty agglomerate and tuffaceous sandstone Early Permian. Langjiu Formation (1) ( ) Wang Naiwen, 1983, Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Its Plate Tectonics of Northern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Langjiu in Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region Jurassic Homonym: Langjiu Formation (2) Langjiu Formation (2) (-

)

Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gadake Sheet Langjiu in Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red, parti-coloured sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone Miocene Homonymous with Langjiu Formation (1).

Langma Formation (-) Lin Baoyu, 1981, Geological Review, 27(4) Langma close to Chaguoluoma, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the condone-bearing part within the limestone of the Chaguoluoma Formation Early-Mid Devonian Langma Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Langmari Group (-) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xikaze Sheet Langmari in Yongzhu Township, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the sum of Sisuo Formation and Angjie Formation Late Carboniferous.

Langmari’a Formation (-) Yang Shipu, Fan Yingnian, 1982, The Characters of Carboniferous System and Biofauna of Xainza District, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (10), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 49-69 Langmaria in Yongzhu Township, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For lightgray, grayish green, feldspar quartz gravel-bearing sandstone, graywacke, fine-grained sandstone, silicalite, with interbeds of thin-bedded sandy, muddy limestone and massive limestone Early Permian. Langmuqiao Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxiang Sheet Langmuqiao in Mengzi County, Yunnan Province For phosphorite-bearing siltstone, siliceous and carbonaceous shale, with interbeds of dolomite and limestone Sinian-Carboniferous.

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Langmusi Formation () Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Langmusi in Gansu Province Early-Mid Jurassic.

Langqi Formation (6) Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of

Fujian Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 172. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Wang Shaohong Langqi in Fujian Province For alluvial beds Holocene.

Langquan Formation (! ) Peng Xiangping, Bai Yunshan, 1998, Xinjiang Geology, 16(3) Langquan in Xingxingxia gorge, Hami County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For volcanic lava with interbeds of volcanic clastic rocks Early Carboniferous.

Langshan Formation () No.4 Tibet Geology Team, 1978, Petroleum Geology of Tibet, (1) Langqinshan in Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the middle and up-

per parts of the Mendeluozi Group, for gray, dark gray, grayish black limestone and argillaceous limestone, with interbeds of siltstone, silty mudstone and volcanic rocks Early Cretaceous Synonym: Geji Formation. Langshan Formation (!) Langshan Coal Series, geographic name Langshan was Romanized as Lanchan by the LSI Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology,

Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 75, chart 17. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Liu Tungsheng Langshan in Wuyuan, Hangjin Banner, Bayan Nur League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For coal-bearing strata Carboniferous-Permian Synonym: Langshan Granite. Langshan Granite (! ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 73, chart 16 Langshan in Wuyuan, Hangjin Banner, Bayan Nur League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For red granite Homonymous with Langshan Formation. Langshudi Formation ( )

Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press,

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

23 Langshudi in Jietian Township, Dexing County, Jiangxi Province For alternating beds of gray, grayish green, dark gray blastograywacke, tuffaceous finegrained sandstone, metamorphic tuffite, silty slate, and phyllite Mesoproterozoic. Langyashan Formation (!) Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Qinghai Institute of Geological Science Langyashan in Golmud City, Qinghai Province For light metamorphic carbonate rocks with interbeds of fine-grained clastic rocks Mesoproterozoic. Langyashan Formation (6 ) Langyashan Limestone Dong Nanting, 1949, Recent Notes on Mineral Resources Survey, (105) Lanyashan in Chuxian County, Anhui Province For thinbedded limestone with interbeds of yellow, purple, red calcareous shale and slate, with black siliceous limestone with interbeds of siliceous shale Late Cambrian. Langzishan Formation () Liaodong Regional Geological Survey Team, Changchun College of Geology, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Liaoyang Sheet Langzishan in Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province For schist, phyllite, leptynite and marble Palaeoproterozoic. Langzuizi Formation (!) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Qichang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (64), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 27 Langzuizi close to Zhangdajing, Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For grayish green feldspathic quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of phyllite and limestone lenticle Cambrian. Lanhe Group () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jingle Sheet Lanhe River in Lanxian County, Shanxi Province For light metamorphic sedimentary rocks with interbeds of basic volcanic rocks Palaeoproterozoic.

Lanhsu Formation () Chang L H, 1953, Geological Map of Taiwan, Geological Survey of Taiwan Lanhsu Island, Taiwan Province Oligocene. Lanjiafan Formation () Lanjiafan Group Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 123. First appeared in a 1976

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manuscript of classified material by No.8 Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Lanjiafan in Liulin, south of Suizhou County, Hubei Province For grayish green basalt volcanic clastic rocks, lava with interbeds of limestone, marble and phyllite Early Silurian. Lanjiawang Sandstone (% ) Li Dongjin et al., 1988, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 27(6) Lanjiawang in Jilin Province Late Carboniferous.

Lankeng Formation ( ) Zhou Guoqiang, 1995, Guangdong Geology, 10(1): 9. First appeared in a 1977

manuscript “The Sinian System of Guangdong” by Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team Lankeng in Xinyi County, Guangdong Province For schist with interbeds of quartzite and marble Neoproterozoic. Lanling Formation () Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuzhou Sheet Lanling District, Cangshan County, Shandong Province Dealing with a formation within the Huaihe Group, for grayish white quartzitic sandstone with interbeds of micrite Neoproterozoic Synonymo-

us with Tiaoyutai Quartzite.

Lanlong Formation () Zhao Biequan, 1994, Regional Geology of China, no.4 (serial no.51): 316 Lanlong in Baishui Township, Hengyang County, Hunan Province Dealing with

the base of the original Shenhuangshan Formation, for purplish red, brownish red thick-bedded conglomerate and sandstone Late Cretaceous.

Lanmentou Group () Tang Xin, Liang Baochang, 1965, Acta Geologica Sinica, 45(4): 358-370 Lanmentou in Guangdong Province Paleocene.

Lanmu Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qiubei Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Lu Zhongqiu Lanmu in Donglan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For alternating beds of siltstone and mudstone Mid Triassic. Lanmutan Formation (7)

Mu Enzhi, Zhu Zhaoling, 1977, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (8), Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanmutan station, west of Yangnengzhai, Sandu County, Guizhou Province For purplish red limestone, bluish gray thin-bedded siliceous limestone Early Ordovician.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lannikeng Member (8 ) Tong Yongsheng, Zhang Yuping, Wang Banyue, Ding Suyin, 1976, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 14(1): 23-24 Lannikeng close to Chijiang Township, Dayu County, Jiangxi Province A component member of the Chijiang Formation Paleocene.

Lan nin tsin Formation (7) Lan nin tsin horizon (limestone) Depart J, 1912, Yunnan Oriental, 73, 87 Lanniqing (Lannintsin) in Lunan County, Yunnan Province For limestone Early Devonian.

Lanniqing Formation (7) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lijiang Sheet Lanniqing in Ninglang County, Yunnan Province For gray bituminitic limestone, dolomitic limestone, with interbeds of marls Mid-Late Devonian.

Lannizhai Member (8) Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of

Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 398. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Lin Shuji Lannizhai in Huishui County, Guizhou Province The lower part of Gaowang Formation, for gray gravel beds, clay with interbeds of mud beds Holocene. Lanongla Formation ( ) Yu Guangming, Xu Yulin, et al., 1983, Classification and Correlation of Jurassic Strata in Nyalam District, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Lanongla in Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the subdivision of Wang Yigang’s Nieniexiongla Formation (1980, the upper part of original Nieniexiongla Group) Mid-Late Jurassic Lanongla Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

Lanpachai Formation (8) Lanpachai Series Pian C H, Tung S P, 1942, Special Report of Department of Mineral Resources Survey, Commission of Resources, (15): 1-8 Lanbazhai (Lanpachai), 2 km west of Mengban, Zhenkang County, Yunnan Province Composed mainly of gray shale, with interbeds of massive limestone Early Carboniferous.

Lanping Formation () Zhao Jinke, Chen Chuzhen, Liang Xiluo, 1962, The Triassic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 12 Lanping County, Yunnan Province For marl, carbonaceous shale and black shale Mid Triassic.

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Lantang Group (9 ) Lantang Series No.762 Guangdong Geological Survey Team, 1959, Explana-

tory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Heyuan, Boluo and Zijin District

Lantang in Zijin County, Guangdong Province For sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone Early Jurassic.

Lantau Formation () Uglow W L, 1926, Geology and Mineral Resources of the Colony of Hongkong, (7), Hongkong Government Lantau Island in southwestern Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For volcanic rock Cretaceous. Lantian Formation () Liu Tungsheng, Ding Menglin, Gao Fuqing, 1960, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1960(4) Lantian County, Shaanxi Province Pliocene Homonymous with Lantien Formation. Lantian Limestone Member () Li Jianhai, Wang Guoping, Zheng Tiefan, Liang Sijing, 1994, Regional Geology of China, no.4 (serial no.51): 346Lantian village in Shizhong Township, Longyan County, Fujian Province The middle member of the Hsikou Formation, for light gray limestone with interbeds of siliceous limestone and thin-bedded mudstone Early Triassic Homonymous with Lantian Formation. Lantien Diamictite () Lantien Series, Lantien Tillite, geographic name Lantien was Romanized as Lantian by the French (LSI) Lee Y Y, 1936, The Sinian glaciation in the lower

Yangtze valley, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 131-134. First appeared in a 1935 manuscript by Ting Yi Lantian (Lantien) village in Xiuning County, Anhui Province For grayish green carbonaceous shale and mudstone, alternating beds of siliceous-carbonaceous shale and muddy-carbonaceous shale, gray marl dolomite, dolomitic marls, silty slate, with sylvie-bearing shale and coaly stone Mid Sinian Homonym: Lantien Formation. Lantien Formation () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 402, chart 86 Lantian (Lantien) village in Xiuning County, Anhui Province Dealing with the upper part of the original Lantien Series or Lantien Diamictite, for the thin-bedded limestone and calcareous shale Sinian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Lantien Diamictite. Lantsun Limestone () Huo S C, 1937, Data of Mining and Metallurgy, 1(7): 20 Lancun (Lantsun) in West Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For limestone Ordovician Synonymous with Machiakou Limestone.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lantu Sandstone (7 ) Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1962, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 57. First appeared in a 1939 manuscript by Ji Rongsen & Huo Shicheng Lantu in Dushan County, Guizhou Province For quartzose sandstone Early Devonian Synonymous with Pangchai Sandstone. Lanweng Formation (&) Nan Yi, 1995, Guangdong Geology, 10(1): 22. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by No.6 Element of Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team Lanweng in Nan Township, Deqing County, Guangdong Province For gray, grayish white, grayish yellow, purplish red gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone, muddy siltstone Late Ordovician. Lanzhou Gravel Beds () Zhang Wenyou, Transl., 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co., 111 Lanzhou City, Gansu Province For gravel beds Pleistocene.

Laobao Formation () Laobao Silicalite Beds Lee J S, Chao K K, Chang W Y, 1941, Stratigraphic Tables of Kwangsi, Nat. Res. Inst. Geol., First appeared in a 1936 manuscript by Xiong Yongxian, Wang Yuelun & Wu Xizeng Laobao in Sanjiang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For silicalite with interbeds of carbonaceous shale Mid Sinian Synonymous with Chetien Beds. Laochang Volcanics ( ) Wu Genyao, 1993, Journal of Stratigraphy, 17(4): 302-309 Laochang in Lancang County, Yunnan Province For volcanic rocks Late Permian-Early Triassic Synonymous with Yiliu Formation.

Laochanghe Formation ( ) Bai Jin, Zhang Xueqi, 1981, Tectonics of Dahongshan mining district and the classification of Dahongshan Group, Yunnan, Bulletin of Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (3) Laochanghe in Nangan, close to Mosha, Xinping County, Yunnan Province The basal formation of Dahongshan Group, for quartzite with interbeds of schist, marble with interbeds of muddy siltstone and carbonaceous schist, schist, marble with interbeds of carbonaceous mudstone Palaeoproterozoic. Laochunshan Conglomerate () Geographic name Laochunshan was Romanized as Laokiounchan or Laotsziounchan by the French (LSI) Huang T K, 1945, On Major Tectonic Forms of China, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (20): 31, 39 Laojunshan (Laochunshan) close to Minhe County, Gulang Gorge (north of Wushaoling Mt.), Gansu Province For a series of purplish red conglomerate and sandstone, with interbeds of tuffite Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous Homonym: Laojunshan Formation (1), (2).

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Laocun Formation (1) ( 1) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jiande Sheet Laocun village in Jiande County, Zhejiang Province For dark purplish red muddy siltstone with rhyolitic tuff and a few conglomerates Early Cretaceous Synonymous with Yanling Formation, Homonym: Laocun Formation (2). Laocun Formation (2) ( 2) Compiling Group for Zhejiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Zhejiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team Laocun village in Qiushan, Lin’an County, Zhejiang Province A formation in the base of Moshishan Group, for purplish red muddy siltstone with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone Late Jurassic Homonymous with Laocun Formation (1). Laodaiyao Formation (&) Henan Institute of Geology and No.3 Institute of Beijing, 1979, Regional Geological Survey of Henan, (1) Laodaiyao in Zhaigou district, Linru County, Henan Province For a formation in the local Dengfeng Group Archean. Laoditai Beds ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing, Science Press, chart 62. First appeared in a manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Laoditai in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province For coal seams Carboniferous-Permian. Laofengtsun Formation (“(” ) Laofengtsun Beds Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, 495 Laofengcun (Laofengtsun) in eastern Yunnan Province Characterized by Atrypa aspera, Cyrtina heleroclita and Bellerophon striatus Late Devonian Laofengtsun Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Laogongzhai Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 160 Laogongzhai in Yunnan Province For mudstone, siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate Late Permian Synonymous with Yangbazhai Formation. Laogou Formation () Laogou Conglomerate and Sandstone Formation Jiang Chunchao, Sun Shu, 1963, in Hodak & Sun Shu, ( Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River Valley, Academia Sinica), 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Its Adjacent Area, vol.1, Beijing: Science Press Laogou in Heilongjiang Province For conglomerate Mid Jurassic Synonym: Xiufeng Formation. Laogushan Formation () Chen Zhiyong, 1994, Lithostratigraphic division of the Cambrian in the Mount

Serteng Area, Inner Mongolia, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4(serial no.51): 319-324 Laogushan, west of Semagou, Ming’an Township, Wulate Qian Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For micrite and calcarenite, banded muddy-bearing and flint-bearing limestone Mid-Late Cambrian. Laoheishan Basalt () Laoheishan Formation Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 255. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Chu Benjun Laoheishan in Wudalianchi area, Dedu County, Heilongjiang Province For black basic basalt, pumice, volcanic bombs. The lava blocked up the Bailonghe River and formed into five barrier lakes like a string of beads with varied size, i.e. Wudalianchi Holocene Homonymous with Laoheishan Group.

Laoheishan Group () Peng Yuqiong, Wang Youqin, et al., 1982, Jilin Geology, 82(3) Laoheishan in northeastern Jilin Province For coal-bearing volcanic rocks Late Triassic Homonym: Laoheishan Basalt.

Laoho Beds () Couches du Laoho Teilhard de Chardin P, 1926, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, Mem. & tome 3, fasc.3, 13 Laohe (Laoho) (Beihe) in Jianping County, Hebei Province Pleistocene.

Laohoshan Formation () Laohoshan Formation or Laoho Formation Chu T H, Sun H H., 1924, Preliminary Report of Geological Survey of Chekiang, (3) Laoheshan (Laohoshan) in northeast Zhejiang Province For sandstone Devonian-Carboniferous Synonym:

Chianlikang Sandstone.

Laohsuchang Formation (-) Laohsu Shale Zhang K, 1940, Special Report of Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, (13) Laoxuchang (Laohsuchang) in Hechi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For black or dark gray thin-bedded limestone with interbeds of carbonaceous shale Early Carboniferous.

Laohu Formation See Laohushan Formation.

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Laohuanghekou Beds () Liu Minhou, Wu Shiying, Wang Junji, Gao Jianxi, 1986, Late Quaternary Sea Level Changes in the Huanghai Sea, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 67 Laohuanghekou (old estuary of Huanghe River), Shandong Province Pleistocene. Laohuding Subformation () Chen Jinbiao et al., 1980, Research on Sinian Suberathem of Jixian, Tianjin, In Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1980, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 76-111 Laohuding close to Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For a subformation of the Tiehling Formation Mesoproterozoic. Laohudong Dolomite () Xia Bangdong, 1959, Geologicl Review, 19(5): 212-215 Laohudong in Dalianshan, Chunhua Township, Jiangning County, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For dolomite and dolomitic limestone Early-Late Carboniferous Within the range of distribution, the geologic age of the Laohudong are varying from place to place and displaying the diachronous feature evidently. Laohugou Formation () Northeast China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1970, Paleontological Atlas of Northeast China (Mesozoic), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Laohugou in Lingyuan County, Liaoning Province For sandstone, conglomerate, sandy shale and shale, with interbeds of siltstone, carbonaceous shale and coal seams Late Triassic. Laohuichang Sandstone ( ) Laohuichang Calcareous Quartzite Wang Y L, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1/2): 77. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang C C & Huo S C, the paper published in 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36) Laohuichang, 7 km southwest of Songming County, Yunnan Province For sandstone Sinian. Laohuling Formation () Teaching and Research Room of Coal Field, Wuhan College of Geology, 1981, Coal Field Geology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 149. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by No.130 Team of Central-South Bureau of Coal Field Exploration Laohuling in Maoming City, Guangdong Province For gravel-bearing feldspathic quartzose sandstone, siltstone and clay beds, with interbeds of coal seams Pliocene. Laohushan Formation () Laohushan Coal Series, Laoshan Coal Formation or Laohu Series, geographic name Laohushan was Romanized as Laochan by the French (LSI) Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, part I, Paleozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 503, 516. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang C C (published in 1930, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14):

612

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

13-17) Laohushan in Susong County, Anhui Province For coal-bearing strata Late Permian Homonym: Laohushan Member. Laohushan Member () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dangshan, Suxian and Lingbi Sheet Laohushan in Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province Dealing with a part of limestone within the orig-

inal Machiakou Limestone, for light gray dolomite with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone Early Ordovician Homonymous with the Laohushan Formation; Laohushan Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Laohutai Formation () Hong Youchong et al., 1974, Acta Geologica Sinica, 48(2): 113-158 Laohutai in Fushun City, Liaoning Province For grayish black, grayish green basalt, with

interbeds of coarse-grained sandstone, shale, carbonaceous shale and coal seams Paleocene. Laohutang Formation ( ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yichun Sheet Laohutang in Chengshang Township, Xiajiang County, Jiangxi Province Composed mainly of fine-grained sandstone, siltstone and slate, with interbeds of silicalite Precambrian.

Laohutou Formation () Hsu R L, 1937, Geological Review, 2(4): 365 Laohutou, north of Lechang County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of grayish white, grayish green quartzose sandstone, yellow and red sandstone Mid-Late Devonian.

Laojiangchong Formation () Wang Genxian, Jing Yuanjia, et al., 1986, Hunan Geology, 5(3): 48-65 Laojiangchong in Hunan Province Late Devonian Synonymous with Shetienchiao Group.

Laojianshan Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Laojianshan in Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of purplish red, gray, grayish green shale, siltstone and quartzite Early Ordovician Laojianshan Formation is the form of lithos-

tratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Laojiezi Formation ( )

Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menglian Sheet Laojiezi in Ximeng County, Yunnan Province A component formation of Ximeng Group, for gneiss Neoproterozoic.

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Laojingou Limestone () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 153 Laojingou in southeastern Shanxi Province For a key bed of limestone L2 Early Permian. Laojingzhai Formation () Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.6 Element of No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Laojingzhai in Yunnan Province For limestone, oolitic limestone, with interbeds of shale Mid Devonian Synonymous with the Lanniqing Formation. Laojunmiao Formation () Laojunmiao Series Chen Ben, 1945, Geological Review, 10(1/2): 29-36 Laojunmiao in Yumen City, Gansu Province For red mudstone and sandstone Paleocene Homonym: Laojun miao Sandstone.

Laojunmiao Sandstone ( ) Chang Zhilin, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou, 1992, Late Paleozoic Sedimentary Environments and Coal Accumulation, Book Series on Earth Sciences of Shanxi, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 13 Laojunmiao in Yuxian County, Henan Province For sandstone Early Permian Homonymous with Laojunmiao Formation Laojunshan Formation (1) ( 1) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology,

1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang District, Henan Laojunshan in Danjiang City, Henan Province For limestone Sinian Homonymous with Laojunshan Conglomerate.

Laojunshan Formation (2) ( 2) Li Yuntong et al., 1984, The Tertiary of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1945 manuscript “Geology of Likiang” by Misch PLaojunshan in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province For purplish red and grayish purple feldspathic quartzose sandstone and conglomerate Paleocene Homonymous with Laojunshan Conglomerate. Laokanchai Limestone () Geographic name Laokanchai was Romanized as Laogantchjai by the French (LSI) Ting V K, 1931, in Chi Y S, 1931, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser.B, vol.12, fasc.5, 10 Laoganzhai (Laokanchai), 10 km west of Pintang County, Guizhou Province For grayish white thick-bedded limestone and dolomite Late Carboniferous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Laoke Diamictite () Laoke Tillite Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Laoke in Changbai Town, Jilin Province For brownish red muddy gravel Pleistocene.

Laoliangdi Formation ( ) No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chifeng Sheet Laoliangdi in Wangfu Township, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For yellow, grayish yel-

low and light gray sandstone, shale, with interbeds of conglomerate and mudstone Miocene. Laoling Group () Laolinghe Group Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, 1:3 000 000

Scale Geological Map of Jilin, in Atlas of Geological Maps of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Laoling Hills in Hunjiang City, Jilin Province For the sum of Dataishan Formation, Zhenzhumen Formation, Huashan Formation, Linjiang Formation and Dalinzi Formation Palaeoproterozoic. Laolongdong Formation () Dong Zhizhong et al., 1987, Acta Palaeotologica Sinica, 26(4): 411-416 Laolongdong in Ninglang County, Yunnan Province For limestone Early Car-

boniferous.

Laolongtou Formation () Liu Buchang, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hua’an Sheet Laolongtou in Jiqinhe Township, Longjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of parti-coloured quartzose sandstone, gravel-bearing siltstone and muddy slate Early Triassic.

Laoluocun Formation () Fang Xiaosi et al., 2000, The Definition of Lower, Middle and Upper Jurassic

Series in Lufeng, Yunnan, in Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 208-214 Laoluocun in Chuanjie Township, 20 km south of Lufeng County, Yunnan Province For purplish gray, purplish red middle thick-bedded mudstone, with interbeds of purplish red, grayish white, and yellowish green thin-bedded siltstone, muddy siltstone Mid Jurassic. Laoman Sandstone ( ) Ando S, 1930, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, vol.37, Supplement to no.447 Laoman in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For sandstone Miocene.

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Laomaqie Diamictite (*) Laomaqie Tillite Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Re-

gional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region[Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 253. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by No.8 Element of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources Laomaqie in Ga’er County, Tibet Autonomous Region For brown red gravel, sands and clay Pleistocene. Laomeishan Formation () Chu T H, 1925, Report of Geological Survey of Yunnan, (2): 24 Laomeishan, 12.5 km east of Fumin County, Yunnan Province For coal measure Carboniferous-

Permian.

Laomiaotai Beds () Xu Jiawei, 1956, Bulletin of Hefei College of Mining Industry, (1) Laomiaotai in Shouxian County, Anhui Province A component formation of Sidingshan Formation, for a pink thin-bedded limestone with Brachiopoda fossils Neoproterozoic(?).

Laoniugou Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 14. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team Laoniugou in Huadian County, Jilin Province A component formation of Jiapigou Group, for amphibolites with interbeds of schist Archean. Laopo Formation ( ) Pei Taichang, 1989, Regional Geology of Guangdong, (1) Laopo village in Jinzhuang Town, Fengkai County, Guangdong Province For gray sandstone, conglomerate and mud-bearing sands and gravel Holocene.

Laopozhai Formation (

) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 25 For parti-coloured quartzose sandstone with interbeds of shale and siltstone Sinian. Laopuchang Formation () Laopuchang Red Clay, geographic name Laopuchang was Romanized as Laopoutchan by the French (LSI) Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Geosci. Depart. Inst. Liberal Arts, National Chekiang University, (1): 22 Laopuchang in Tongzi County, Guizhou Province For brownish red or brownish yellow clay Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Laoqiang Sandstone ( ) Laoqiang Conglomerate Beijing Academy of Coal Science, 1959, Stratigraphy of Main Coalfields of China, Beijing: Coal Industry Press, 1-125 Laoqiang in Nanpiao, Jinxi County, Liaoning Province For conglomerate and sandstone Late Permian. Laoran Formation () Zhao Jinxi, 1980, Mem. Inst. Vert. Palaeoa., Academy Sinica, ser.A, (15): 6-103 Laoran village in Bilonggou, Mangkang County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish brown, grayish purple mudstone and sandstone with interbeds of yellowish green, light yellow siltstone and muddy bands Cretaceous. Laoshan Granite ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 250, chart 51 Laoshan in Shandong Peninsula, Shandong Province Light red coarse-grained granite Late Cretaceous.

Laoshan Member () Laoshan Beds Feng C L, 1950, Scientific Report of Tsinghua University, ser.3, 2(1) Laoshan in Leping County, Jiangxi Province For sandstone and sandy shale Late Permian. Laoshihtan Formation () Laoshihtan Red Formation, geographic name Laoshihtan was Romanized as Laochidan by the French (LSI) Guan S C, Che S C, 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica, 35(2): 95, 106 Laoshidan (Laoshihtan) in Zhuozishan, Otog banner, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For brownish red coarse-grained sandstone and sandy shale, and clay, with interbeds of gravel beds Palaeogene-Neogene. Laoshuwo Group () Song Jieyi, 1993, Cretaceous of Gansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. Gansu, Supplement,

1-49. First appeared in a 1946 manuscript by Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology(1964) Laoshuwo in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Cretaceous A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Laoshuzhai Formation () Zhang Liang, He Qiuying, 1993, Guangdong Geology, 8(1) Laoshuzhai close to Oujiadong, Ruyuan County, Guangdong Province For the circle within the Bacun Group Late Cambrian Laoshuzhai Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Laotangou Formation () Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing

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House. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Wang Qichao Laotanggou close to Zhenghuayu, Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province For a component formation within the Wutai Group Archean. Laotieshan Formation () Yu Jianzhang et al., 1958, Contribution to the Summary of Basic Data of the Geology of China, (4), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Laotieshan in Lvda City, Liaoning Province For quartzose sandstone with interbeds of conglomerate Mesoproterozoic. Laotudingzi Formation (#) Laotudingzi Volcanics Formation Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 105. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Zhang Jiayuan Laotudingzi in Baoqing County, Heilongjiang Province For tuffite, slate with interbeds of silty slate Late Devonian. Laowangzhai Formation () Li Guangxun, 1989, Yunnan Geology, 8(2) Laowangzhai in Ailaoshan, Yunnan Province For slate, phyllite, and graywacke, with interbeds of carbonate rock and breccia, tuffite Carboniferous. Laowatong Formation () Horizon de Lao-wa-tong Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol. 1, fasc. 1, pt. 1 Laoguadong (Lao-wa-tong), 5 km south of Ahuitang Station, Chenggong County, Yunnan Province For sandstone, limestone and conglomerate Mid Carboniferous. Laowopu Formation () Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Re-

gional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Gu Zhiwei Laowopu, east of Shiguai, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of purple gravel-bearing sandstone, siltstone, and greywacke Permian-Triassic. Laoyanggou Formation () Chen Weizhi, 1977, Henan Geology, (1) Laoyanggou in Dengfeng County, Henan Province For a component formation of the local Tengfung Complex Archean. Laoyashan Sandstone (2 ) Laoyashan Quartzite Jiang Nengren, 1958, Acta Geologica Sinica, 38(4): 449461. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Gong Jingguan Laoyashan in Wan-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

chao, Kaili County, Guizhou Province For grayish white, light yellow thickbedded quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of conglomerate, with green and purple shale in the base Mid Devonian. Laoyeling Basalt () Liu Jiaqi, 1988, Acta Petrologica Sinica, (1) Laoyeling in Jilin Province For basalt Miocene. Laoyemiao Beds (1) ( 1) Wang C C, Lee Y Y, 1938, Geology of the Yangchiatun Coal Field, west of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (31)Laoyemiao, north of Yangjiatun (Yangchiatun), West Hills, Beijing Municipality Carboniferous-Permian Homonym: Laoyemiao

Beds (2).

Laoyemiao Beds (2) ( 2) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 332. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Fan Tingxing Laoyemiao in Boyang Lake District, Jiangxi Province For the post ice age sediments Pleistocene Homonymous with Laoyemiao Beds (1). Laoyeshan Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Penglai, Yantai, Tuoji Sheet Laoyeshan in Zhifu Island, Yantai City, Shandong Province For gravel-, quartz-, vivianite-bearing quartzite with interbeds of schist Palaeoproterozoic. Laoyinggou Formation () Jiang Chunchao, 1975, Research on Geology and Mineral Resources, (Supplement), (4) Laoyinggou, 2 km south of Heping village, Daxicha Township, Kuandian County, Liaoning Province For migmatite, amphibolite and marble Palaeo-

proterozoic.

Laozhai Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wenshan Sheet Laozhai in Gumu Township, Wenshan County, Yunnan Province For grayish white quartzose sandstone with interbeds of grayish green and yellowish green shales Early Ordovician.

Laozhouzhai Member () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 232. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.16 Yunnan Geology Team Laozhouzhai close to Huakaizuo District, Yunnan Province For a component member within the Hepingxiang Formation Mid Jurassic.

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Laozhu Formation () Tang Wenquan, 1983, The study of the chemical composition and evolution law of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Zhejiang, Regional Geology of China, (6): 1530 Laozhu in Lishui County, Zhejiang Province A component formation of the Lishui Group, for gray sandstone, shale, with a few andesites, and with conglomerate in the base Late Jurassic Synonym: Chawan Formation. Laozhuang Formation ( ) Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 249. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.3 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Laozhuang in Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province For grayish green conglomerate with interbeds of yellowish brown sandstone Neogene Synonymous with Hulunshan Formation. Laozhuanghu Formation ( 0) Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lingyuan Sheet Laozhuanghu village, close to Goumenzi, Lingyuan County, Liaoning Province For flint nodule limestone, dolomitic limestone and siliceous band limestone Early Cambrian.

Laozhuangwan Formation ( ) Zhang Zonghu, 1987, Acta Geologica Sinica, 61(4): 368-369 Laozhuangwan in Pingliang County, Gansu Province For loess Pleistocene. Lapakang Formation ( .) Lapakang Series Chao Y T, 1929, Geological Notes in Szechuan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.8, 137-150 Labagang (Lapakang) in Emeishan Mountain, Sichuan Province For purplish red shale, sandstone, slate with interbeds of green slate and silicalite Sinian. Lapeiquan Group (% ) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 78. First appeared in a manuscript by the No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team Laipeiquan in Altun Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For clastic rocks with interbeds of volcanic rocks Mid-Late Ordovician A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Lari Gravel Beds ( ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing:

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geological Publishing House, 8, 301 Lari in Luhuo County, Sichuan Province For sands and gravel beds Pleistocene. Lasaila Limestone ( ) Wu Haoruo, 1984, In The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Lasaila, 50 km southwest of Chongba County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a series of strata body composed of grayish white crystalline limestone, breccia, silicalite and red limestone Late Permian Lasaila is a exotic block. Lasengmiao Formation (+) Guan S C, Che S C, 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica, 35(2): 95-108 Lasengmiao in Zhuozishan, Otog Banner, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish yellow conglomerate, sandstone and shales Jurassic-(?) Cretaceous.

Lashih-chung Formation () Lashih-chung Green Series Guan S C, Che S C, 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica, 35(2): 95-108 Lashichong (Lashih-chung) in Hatu valley, southern end of Gangder Mt., Otog Banner, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish green calcareous sandstone and shale with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone, with conglomerate in the base Mid Ordovician. Lashihpa Formation ( ) Lashihpa Beds Misch P, 1946, On the Discovery of Upper Permian (Lopingian) in West Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.26, 65-82 Lashiba (Lashihpa) in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, western Yunnan Province Early Triassic. Lashihpa Formation () Lashihpa Coal Series Hsu R L, 1937, Geological Review, 2(4): 372 Lashiba (Lashihpa) in Qujiang County, Guangdong Province For coal measure Late Per-

mian.

Lasikemu Group () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15 Lasikemu in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For crystalline schist, marble, quartzite, metamorphic basic volcanic rocks, volcanic lava and tuffite Palaeoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Lating Group (2) Lating Formation Li Pu, 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1955(7) Lading (Lating) in Mozhugongka district, east of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of sandstone, slate, with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone Late Carboniferous-Early Permian.

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Lawula Andesite () Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Documents

of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 22 Lawula Hills in Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For hornblendebiotite-trachyandesite with interbeds of volcanic ash and lava Late Cretaceous Homonym: Lawula Formation. Lawula Formation () Lawula Group No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Lawula Township, Mangkang County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red, grayish white, and yellowish green sandstone, conglomerate, mudstone, siltstone, with tuffite and coal seams locally Neogene Homonymous with Lawula Andesite.

Layan Formation () No.8 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Petroleum Geology, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:350 000 Scale Geological Map of Guizhou Province Layan close to Buzhai, Dushan County, Guizhou Province Late Devonian.

Layileke Formation () Ma Shipeng, Wang Yuzhen, Fang Xilian, 1991, Xinjiang Geology, 9(1): 59-71 Layileke in Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For carbonaceous slate with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Mesoproterozoic.

Laze Group () Wu Haoruo, Wang Dongan, Wang Liancheng, 1977, The Cretaceous of LazeJiangze District, Southern Tibet, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1977(3): 262-273 Laze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For red, green volcanic silicalite, with interbeds of andesite, phyllite and slate Late Cretaceous.

Lazhapu Member (  ) Lin Baoyu, Wang Naiwen, Wang Sien, Liu Guifang, Qiu Hongrong, 1989, Tec-

tonic Evolution of Lithosphere of Himalaya Mountain, Stratigraphy of Tibet [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (2) Stratigrapgy and Palaeontology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Lazhapu in Tibet Autonomous Region Carboniferous. Lazhuhe Formation ()

Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Lazhuhe River in Lanping County, Yunnan Province For gray limestone, grayish black sandy mudstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle, with black slate and coal lenticle in the base Early Permian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lazhulong Formation () Zhang Binggao, He Guoxiong, 1984, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to

the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Lazhulong in Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For carbonate rocks Mid-Late Devonian. Lazhutai Formation (

)

Geographic name Lazhutai was Romanized as Latchjoutai by the French (LSI) Chao K K, 1947, Stratigraphical development in Kwangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc.

China, vol.27, 321-346. First appeared in a manuscript by Chang K & Wu L P Lazhutai in Hechi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For light gray or brownish gray silicalite, with interbeds of black carbonaceous shale and ventricular marls occasionally Late Devonian. Lazigou Formation ( ) Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, Devonian System of China, Beijing:

Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Sun Guangyi

Lazigou in Diebu County, Gansu Province For gray slate, marls, with interbeds of limestone and fine-grained sandstone Mid Devonian.

Lazike Formation (:!) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 94. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript “Summary of Stratigraphy of Hunan, Silurian” by Huang Weipei Lazike close to Bidong, Longshan County, Hunan Province For grayish green quartzose sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of shale and cellophane beds Early Silurian. Lebaquan Group ( ) No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Niujuanzi Sheet Lebaquan in Gansu Province Mid Silurian.

Lechang Limestone () Mo C S, Du H L, 1943, Bull. Geol. Surv. of Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (1) Lechang County, Guangdong Province For limestone Late Devonian.

Lechangxia Group () No.761 Nanling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1959, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shaoguan Sheet Lechang Gorge in Lechang County, Guangdong Province For the sum of Laohutang Formation and Bali Formation Mid Sinian.

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Ledong Formation () Zhang Zhongying, Liu Ruihua, Han Zhongyuan, 1987, Tropical Geography, 7(1) Ledong County, Hainan Province Holocene Synonymous with Yandun For-

mation.

Ledu Diamictite () Ledu Tillite Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classification of Quaternary

Stratigraphy of Qinghai Area, In Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing, Science Press, 23-30 Ledu County, Qinghai Province For the diamictite in the base of the Ledu Formation Pleistocene Congenital homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Ledu Formation. Ledu Formation () Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classification of Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qinghai Area, In Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 23-30 Ledu County, Qinghai Province Dealing with the sum of Ledu Diamictite, Shangzhangfangtai Member, Maochonggou Member and Huangshui Member, for grayish yellow sandstone and conglomerate, yellow, lateritic red sandy clay Pleistocene Congenitally homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Ledu Diamictite. Leguan Formation (&) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Boyang Sheet Leguan in Boyang County, Jiangxi Province The same characters as the sum of Huayansi Formation and Xiyangshan Formation distributed in Zhejiang Province Late Cambrian. Leidashu Formation () Leidashu Beds Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 216. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by No.508 Geology Team of Southwest Sichuan Bureau of Geology Leidashu close to Zhangguan, Huili County, Sichuan Province Composed mainly of purplish red and grayish purple feldspathic quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of siltstone and mudstone Paleocene-Eocene. Leigongjian Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 124. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.8 Hubei Geology Team Leigongjian, southwest of Liulin, Suixian County, Hubei

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Province For light gray, grayish green and yellow metamorphic quartzose finegrained sandstone with interbeds of phyllite Mid Silurian. Leigongwu Formation ( ) Liu Hongyun, Sha Qing’an, 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Stratigraphy of Western Zhejiang, Beijing: Science Press Leigongwu in Changshan County, Zhejiang Province For gray and grayish green diamictite Early Sinian. Leigutai Formation (;) Liu Tungsheng, Pan Jiang, 1958, Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C, (15) Leigutai in Longtan town, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For quartzite and sandstone Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous.

Leijiaba Formation () Qin Feng, Gan Yiyan, 1976, Acta Geologica Sinica, 50(1): 74-97 Leijiaba, south of Lixian County, Gansu Province Foe alternating beds of sandy phyllite and calcareous sandstone, sandstone and limestone Mid Devonian Leijiaba Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Leijiashan Formation () See Neichiashan Formation. Leijiatun Formation () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Yang Yugang, Rong Jiayu, et al. Leijiatun village, 5 km north of Shiqian County, Guizhou Province Foe yellowish green, bluish gray shale and mudstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle, with interbeds of marls in the upper part Early Silurian. Leijiawan Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fuping Sheet Leijiawan in Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province For a component formation within the Wutai Group Archean. Leikoupo Formation () Leikoupo Series, geographic name Leikoupo was Romanized as Leikooupo by the French (LSI) Hsu T Y, 1939, Geological Review, 4(5): 300-302 Leikoupo close to Xinchang, Weiyuan County, Sichuan Province For dolomitic limestone with interbeds of shale, dealing with the upper part of the original Chialing Limestone Mid Triassic. Leikunghuo Formation () Geographic name Leikunghuo was Romanized as Raikoka by the Japanese (LSI) Ooe Z, 1939, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Taito Sheet

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Leikunghuo located at the southeastern part of the coastal range, in north of Taitung County, Taiwan Province For the soft shale Miocene.

Leikuping Formation (;) Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press & the

atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections) Leiguping (Leikupin), 16 km north of Anbei County, Sichuan Province Devonian. Leipakou Formation () Lui-pa-kou Formation, Leibakou FormationGrabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratig-

raphy of China, pt. I, Paleozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, Alphabetical List of Chinese Geological Formations, 360, 516 Leibakou (They said it was a lip of the mouth for Nibakou) located on the banks of the Leishui (Lui-ho) River, Leiyang County, Hunan Province (See Richthofen von, 1912, China, III, 455-457) For coal-bearing strata. These beds carry the Gigantopteris flora (Schenk A, 1883) and in some places contain a fauna of small pelecypods and gastropods in the plastic blue clay associated with the coal Late Permian.

Leishenmiao Formation () Tang Xiaoshan, 1988, Hunan Geology, (3) Leishenmiao in Liuyang County, Hunan Province For grayish green muddy slate with interbeds of sandstone Mesoproterozoic.

Leiwuqi Group (<) Leiwuqi Metamorphic Rock Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources

(Xia Daixiang, Liu Shikun ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (54), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Tibet Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 81. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Wei Zhensheng For metamorphic rocks Precambrian The notes “Li Pu (1959) called the metamorphic rocks of northern Lancangjiang River separately as Jitang Metamorphic rock, Xieba Metamorphic rock and Leiwuqi Metamorphic rock, and attributed to the Precambrian–Jinshajiang Series” in Xia & Liu (1997, 81) is a false rumor. Lemengou Formation () Lemenggou Formation (Liu Guangcai, 1984) Liu Guangcai, Zhou Guangdi, 1980, Qinghai Geology, (1) Lemengou in Yangkang Township, Tianjun County, Qinghai Province Dealing with a component formation within the Bayinhe Group, for gray and purplish red clastic rocks Early Permian.

Lengchi Formation ( ) Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press & the at-

las already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections),

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

sheet 25 Lengqi (Lengchi), 23 km south of Luding County, Sichuan Province Silurian or Devonian. Lengchiahsi Group ( ) Lengchiahsi Series Wang H T, Liu C Y, 1936, Mem. Geol. Surv. Hunan, ser.B, (50) Lengjiaxi (Lengchiahsi), south of Taoyuan County, Hunan Province Sinian.

Lenghu Formation ( ) No.802 Team of Qinghai Bureau of Petroleum Geology, 1960, Special research on the classification and correlation of Mesozoic and the rules of distribution of Oil and Gas field in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Bureau of Petroleum Lenghu in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province Paleocene-Neogene Synonymous with Shizigou Formation (1). Lenglongling Diamictite ( ) Lenglongling Tillite Wu Xiangnong, 1994, in Cheng Yuqi ed., 1994, Concise Regional Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 191, table 3-5 Lenglongling in Qilianshan Mt., Gansu Province For diamictite Pleistocene. Lengpuzi Formation ( ) Zhang Yan, 1961, Proceedings of the Geology of Gansu Bureau of Geology, (8) Lengshuipuzi in Wenxian County, Gansu Province For the sum of Shawan Member and Dongfenggou Quartzite Member, for quartzite Mid Devonian Synonymous with Lubanchiao Quartzite.

Lengqingre Formation ( ) Wan Xiaoqiao, 1985, Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Its Foraminifer Fauna of Kampa

District, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Lengqingre, east of Kampa village, Kampa County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the subdivision of the original Kampadongshan Formation Late Cretaceous. Lengquanwang Formation ( ) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hefei, Dingyuan Sheet Lengquanwang close to to Tangshan, northeast of Bantang, Chaohu City, Anhui Province For dolomite Early Cambrian Lengquanwang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Lengshan Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993,Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China,(1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 156. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by Zhang Hairi Lengshan in Shangzhi City, Heilongjiang Province For black

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muddy siltstone, with interbeds of alternating beds of tuffaceous slate, slate and fine-grained sandstone Late Triassic. Lengshuichiao Shale ( ) Chang H C, 1936, Geological Review, 1(4): 404-406 Lenshuiqiao (Lengshuichiao), 100 km northwest of Changyang County, Hubei Province For shale Early

Silurian.

Lengshuigou Formation (1) (  1) Jia Lanpo, Zhang Yuping, et al., 1966, Cenozoic of Lantian, Shaanxi, in Proceedings of Cenozoic Conference of Lantian, Shaanxi, Beijing: Science Press Lengshuigou, southwest of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of brownish red sandy mudstone and grayish yellow, grayish green sandstone Miocene Homonym: Lengshuigou Formation (2).

Lengshuigou Formation (2) (  2) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Maguan Sheet Lengshuigou in Panzhihua, Wenshan County, Yunnan Province For yellow, yellowish green siltstone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone, shale and marls Mid Ordovician Homonymous

with Lengshuigou Formation (1).

Lengshuihe Formation ( ) Xi’an Institute of Geology, 1983, Atlas of Palaeontology of Northwest China,

Shaan-Gan-Ning Part, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Wang Liuhe Lengshuihe in Zhangping, Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province For sandy and muddy limestone with interbeds of sandstone Late Devonian Lengshuihe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Lengshuiwu Formation ( ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript “Old Red Series” by Li Zhonghong Lenshuiwu close to Huobashan, Zhongfan Township, Geyang County, Sichuan Province For parti-coloured sandstone, siltstone, mudstone with interbeds of gravelbearing sandstone and conglomerate Early Cretaceous. Lengwu Formation ( ) Liang Wenping, 1991, Lengwu Formation and Its Brachiopods Fauna of Permian,

Zhejiang, Geological Memoirs, ser.2, (6), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1521 Lengwu in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province For a small carbonate reef body within the local Lungtan Formation (1) Late Permian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lengzhuguan Formation ( ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript “Preliminary idea about the classification of group and formation, Kangding Complex, Western Sichuan Province” by Cheng Wenxiang & Zhang Yinggui Lengzhuguan, north of Luding County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of migmatic leptynite and migmatic gneiss Palaeoproterozoic. Lengzhuping Formation ( ) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Emei Sheet Lengzhuping in Sichuan Province Mesoproterozoic.

Leshan Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China,(1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 238. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Chu Benjun Leshan located at the left bank of Shuhe River, Taxi Township, Heilongjiang Province For brownish yellow gravel-bearing clay and sands, with conglomerate in the lower part Pleistocene. Lhasa Granite ( ) Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1955(7) Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous RegionFor granite Post Mesozoic.

Li’an Formation () Jianxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hukou Sheet Li’an in Anhui Province Proterozoic. Liancun Formation (=) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989,Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China,(1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 307. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Henan Institute of Geology Liancun village in Xinyang City, Henan Province For brown, grayish yellow clay Pleistocene. Liandi Schist () Liandi Schist Formation Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Fujian Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and the Mineral Resources of People’s Republic of China,(1)Regional Geology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 11. First appeared in a 1962

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manuscript by Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team Liandi in Jian’ou County, Fujian Province For schist Neoproterozoic. Liang’ao Formation ( )) Pei Fang, Cai Shuhua, 1987, Ordovician Conodonts of Henan Province, Wuhan: Wuhan College of Geology Press Liang’ao in Xichuan County, Henan Province For the part of conodont-bearing limestone within the lower part of original Zuoqu Formation Early Ordovician Liang’ao Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Liangcai Formation (0) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 213. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Lu Zhongqiu & Cai Maopei Liangcai in Shanglin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Triassic. Liangchahe Formation (>*) No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yanbian, Leibo Sheet Liangchahe in Sichuan Province Mid Triassic. Liangchakou Formation (>) Lai Caigen, Qiu Hongrong, 1982, in Lai Caigen et al., 1982, The Ordovician of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Xu Baozheng Liangchakou in Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province For calcareous phyllite with interbeds of dolomitic limestone and sandstone Late Ordovician. Langchi Formation (,#) Geographic name Liangchi was Romanized as Liantchi by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 262, chart 56 Liangchisi (Liangchihssu), 30 km south of Liangdang County, Gansu Province For grayish green slate, phyllite with interbeds of limestone, green sandstone, siliceous limestone, with coal seams in the lower part Early Permian. Liangchiashan Formation (,) Liangchiashan Limestone, geographic name Liangchiashan was Romanized as Liantsziachan by the French (LSI) Yih L F, 1920, Geology of His-shan or Western Hills of Peking, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (1) Liangjiashan (Liangchiashan), 1 km north of Shimenzhai, Linyu County ( today Shanhaiguan City), Hebei Province For flint-band-bearing or nodule-bearing thick-bedded limestone, dolomitic limestone and dolomite Early Ordovician Hu Baisu (1931, Bull. Geol. Soc. Peking University, (3)) revised as Liangchiashan Formation.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Liangchihssu Formation (,#) Liangchihssu Coal Series Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & Southern Kansu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (19): 1-77 Liangchisi (Liangchihssu), 30 km south of Liangdang County, Gansu Province For coal-bearing strata Early Jurassic.

Liangfengpo Shale () Wang Yu, 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Con-

ference: On-the-spot meeting of Stratigraphy of Southern Guizhou, Beijing: Science Press Liangfengpo close to Tangbianzhai, 3 km west of Qinglong County, Guizhou Province For shale Late Permian. Liangfungya Formation () Liangfungya Sandstone Yin T H, Shen I W, 1947, Silurian Sections between Chumipu & Kuanyinchiao, Bull. Geo. Soc. China, vol.27, 273-298 Liangfengya (Liangfunya), 20 km north of Tongzi County, northern Guizhou Province For gray, yellowish brown shale, sandstone and siltstone Early Silurian.

Lianggou Formation ( ) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geol-

ogy, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Neixiang Sheet

Lianggou in Xichuan County, Henan Province For grayish white thick-bedded limestone Early Carboniferous.

Lianghetang Formation (@ ) Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Ge-

ological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Lianghetang in Yulin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the mudstone within the middle part of local Qinzhou Formation Early Devonian. Lianghokou Formation (1) (> 1) Lianghokou Series Li C, Chu S, 1930, Geology of the southern slope of the central part of Tsinling Range, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (9): 1109 Lianghokou close to Songluohe river between Mishan and Fangxian County, Hubei Province For the black shale and conglomerate Eocene Homonym: Lianghokou Formation (2).

Lianghokou Formation (2) (> 2) Lianghokou Shale Li Yueyan, 1940, Geological Review, 5(6): 506 Lianghokou, northwest of Yajiang (old Jianwei) County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of light metamorphic quartzose sandstone, silty slate and carbonaceous slate Mid Triassic Homonymous with Lianghokou Formation (1).

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Liangjianghe Formation (>) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 105. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Luo Haiyan & Huang Weipei Liangjianghe in Xupu County, Hunan Province For grayish green metamorphic fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, or a few carbonaceous slates Early Silurian. Liangjiangkou Formation (>) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 244, 248. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Zhu Lunjie Liangjiangkou in Lanshan County, Hunan Province For volcanic lava and volcanic clastic rocks with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Mid Jurassic. Liangjiaocun Formation (>) Liangjiaocun Marble and Phyllite Formation Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 20. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Shen Qihan Liangjiaocun in Lanxian County, Shanxi Province For white siliceous marble with interbeds of phyllite and schist Proterozoic.

Liangjiehe Formation (>) No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1975, in Research on Geology and

Mineral Resources, (Supplement), 80-93. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by No.103 Guizhou Geology Team Liangjiehe (also Meijiahe or Niejiahe), east of Datangpo, Songtao County, Guizhou Province For sandstone, conglomerate and gravel-bearing sandstone, with interbeds of dolomite Sinian. Liangkaoshan Formation ( ) Liangkaoshan Sandstone Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan & Sikang (text in press & the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections) Lianggaoshan (Liangkaoshan), 5 km northeast of Ziliujing, Sichuan Province For sandstone Cretaceous.

Lianglitage Formation () Zhou Zhiyi, Chen Xu, Wang Zhihao, et al., 1990, in Zhou Zhiyi, Chen Piji ed.,

1990, Oil and Gas Geology of Tarim (4): Biostratigraphy and Evolution of Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 86 Lianglitage located at the milestone of 1186 km on Wu-Yi Highway (Sanchakou to Akesu), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region  Dealing with the limestone, grayish white thick-bedded massive limestone in the top of Saergantage Group Late Ordovician.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lianglukou Formation (>) Lianglukou Series Wang Y L, 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica, 35(4): 327-330 Lianglukou, 20 km east of Zhenyuan County, Guizhou Province For siliceous limestone Sinian. Liangquan Formation ( ) Mu Enzhi et al., 1973, Science in China, (1) Liangquan close to Jiacun village, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish white, dark gray sandy shale and thin-bedded limestone Early Devonian. Liangshan Formation ( ) Geographic name Liangshan was Romanized as Lianchan by the French (LSI) Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (9): 144-145 Liangshan in Nanzheng County, Shaanxi Province For black shale with interbeds of sandstone and thin-bedded anthracite Early Permian.

Liangshuiao Formation ( ) Geographic name Liangshuiao was Romanized as Lianchouiiou by the French (LSI) Yoh S S, 1927-1928, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol. 1, 104 Liangshuiao in Hechi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Consists of a hard blackish limestone bed Mid Devonian. Liangshuijing Formation (1) (  1) Zhu Zhaoling, Ge Meiyu, Xu Hankui, et al., 1977, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Stratigraphy and PalaeontologyLiangshuijing in Shaanxi Province Early Cambrian Homonym: Liangshuijing Formation (2), (3). Liangshuijing Formation (2) (  2) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology Liangshuijing village in Dasjiang Township, Bianyang, Luodian County, Guizhou Province For limestone, dolomite and calcareous breccia Mid Triassic Homonymous with Liangshuijing Formation (1). Liangshuijing Formation (3) (  3) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Liangshuijing in Emei County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of grayish yellow and purplish gray fine-grained to boulder conglomerate Pliocene Homonymous with Liangshuijing Formation (1).

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Liangtoutang Formation (> ) Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yu Guohua ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (33), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Zhejiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 167 Liangtoutang, 7 km west of Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province A component formation of Tiantai Group, for purplish red muddy siltstone, sandy conglomerate with interbeds of tuffite (the lower part of original Laijia Formation) Late Cretaceous. Liangyun Group (>#) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 94. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Hubei Integrative Geological Survey Team Liangyun is not the geographic name, but the sum of abbreviation of Yunxian County and Yunxi County, Hubei Province For metamorphic volcanic rocks Proterozoic. Liangzichuan Formation (,) Wang Youqin, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laoheshan Sheet, Shuangchengzi Sheet Liangzichuan in Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province For siltstone and hornfels Early Permian.

Liangzihe Formation (>) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 19 Liangzihe Iron Mining in Tangyuan County, Heilongjiang Province For quartz schist, quartzite and marble Palaeoproterozoic. Liangziling Formation (?) Geographic name Liangziling was Romanized as Liantszylin by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 484, chart 101 Liangziling in Changning District, southern Hunan Province For gray siliceous shale and chert beds, with interbeds of limestone lenticles in the lower part Early Permian.

Liangzizhai Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuanyang Sheet Liangzizhai in Yunnan Province Late Triassic. Lianhe Formation ($D) Jiangxi Petroleum Geological Survey Team, 1961, Summary of Petroleum Geological Survey of Jiangxi Province Lianhe in Hengfeng County, Jiangxi Province

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

For lateritic red conglomerate Creataceous-Palaeogene.

Lianhua Formation ($ ) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jinhua Sheet Lianhua village in Juxian County, Zhejiang Province For grayish yellow conglomerate and sandy conglomerate, with interbeds of peat and clay Pleistocene.

Lianhuakou Formation ($ ) Lianhuakou Conglomerate Hou T F, Wang H H, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2) Lianghekou (Lianhuakou), 5 km north of Jianmenguan, Jiange County, Sichuan province Dealing with the lower part of the original Chengtsiangyen Formation, for thick-bedded conglomerate Cretaceous. Lianhuaqu Formation ($ ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dali Sheet Lianhuaqu in Eryuan County, Yunnan Province For gray marls and yellow shale with interbeds of breccia- and siliceous nodule-bearing thin-bedded limestone Early-Mid Devonian. Lianhuashi Formation ($ ) Wu Genyao, 1985, Discovery of Nature, 4(2): 67-73 Lianhuashi close to the boundary between Sichuan and Yunnan, Yunnan Province For a component formation of Lixi Group Mesoproterozoic.

Lianjiang Member (@) Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of

Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China,(1)Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Lin Shuji Lianjiang in Huishui County, Guizhou Province For grayish white sandy clay, siltstone with interbeds of peat, a member of Gaowang Formation Holocene. Liankan Formation ( ) Zhai Renjie, Zheng Jiajian, Tong Yongsheng, 1978, Stratigraphy of the Mammalbearing Tertiary of the Turfan Basin, Sinkiang, Mem. Inst. Vert. Palaeont. Palaeoanthr., Academia Sinica, ser.A, (13): 68-81 Liankan in Nanshan, Lianmuqin Township, 40 km west of Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of sandstone and sandy mudstone within the original Sangshan Series belong to Eocene Eocene Liankan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Lianmuqin Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Xia Gongshi

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Lianmuqin Township, Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of purplish brown, brownish red and grayish green sandy mudstone, mudstone and fine-grained sandstone Early Cretaceous.

Liantang Formation (1) ($  1) Liantang Beds Fang Hongru, 1961, Acta Geologica Sinica, 41(3/4): 354-366 Liantang in Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province For dune and sand hills distributed in Ganjiang valley Pleistocene Homonym: Liantang Formation (2).

Liantang Formation (2) ($  2) Li Fuhan et al., 1988, Precambrian in Xikang and Yunnan District, Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House Liantang in Sichuan Province Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Liantang Formation (1). Liantuo Formation ($) Liu Hongyun, Sha Qing’an, 1963, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1963(4): 177178Liantuo Town, Yichang County, Hubei Province For diamictite Early Sinian. Lianxia Formation ($ ) Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Song Yongqiang, Zhang Zhongying, 1987, Hanjiang Delta, Beijing: China Ocean Press Lianxia in Chenghai County, Guangdong Province For gray sandy silt or clayey sands, gravel Holocene. Lianxian Subformation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China,(1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138, table 14. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Central-South Institute of Geology Lianxian County, Guangdong Province For the upper subformation of local Lungtan Formation Late Permian. Lianxisi Formation ($) Lianxisi Beds, Lianxisi Quartzite Yan Lianquan, Han Yingshan, 1952, Report of Geology and Mineral Resources. of Western Henan, Kaifeng Element of Central-South Geological Survey Lianxisi in Ruyang (old Yiyang) County, Henan Province A component formation of Yunmengshan Group, for light purple and red quartzose sandstone, quartzite, with white arkose and purple thin-bedded shale in the top Sinian. Lianxu Formation (# ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China,(1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138, table 14. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team and Jiangxi Hydrological Geology Team

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lianxu in Xinjian County, Jiangxi Province For grayish white coarse-grained sandy gravel beds with interbeds of blackish clay, sands and silt Holocene.

Lianyang Formation () Lianyang Coal Formation Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Re-

sources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China,(1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138, table 14. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.201 Guangdong Coal Field Geology Team Lianyang County, Guangdong Province Early Permian.

Lianyungang Formation () Lianyungang Beds Liu Minhou, Wu Shiying, Wang Yongji, Gao Jianxi, 1986,

Late Quaternary Sea level Changes in the Huanghai Sea, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 62. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Chen Xixiang, Chen’s paper was published in 1988 Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province For yellow sands or clay with interbeds of sand Holocene. Lianzhu Limestone ()

Pian C H, Teng K T, 1949, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (2) Lianzhu, north of Bainixu, Huaxian County, Guangdong Province Dark gray, grayish white limestone Carboniferous-Permian.

Lianzitang Member ($ ) Zhang Xianqiu, 1984, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 239-254 Lianzitang in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For the middle member of local Huayong Formation Paleocene.

Liaocheng Formation (-) Zhao Zhiqing, 1980, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 19(5) Liaocheng County, Shandong Province For light gray fine-grained sandstone, brown siltstone and purplish red mudstone, with interbeds of conglomerate Triassic.

Liaoho Group (.) Liaoho System, geographic name Liaoho was Romanized as Ryoga by the Japanese, and as Liaokhe by the French (LSI) Saito R, 1938, Bull. Geol. Inst. Manchukuo, (93) Liaohe (Liaoho) in Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province For phyllitic slate,

mica schist with interbeds of limestone and dolomite with interbeds of magnesite Palaeoproterozoic Synonym: Linjiang Group.

Liaonan Group (.) Xing Yusheng, Liu Guifang, 1979, Acta Geologica Sinica, 53(3): 167-172 Liaonan, i.e. southern Liaoning Province Equals to the Sinian System in South China Sinian Liaonan Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronos-

tratigraphic meaning.

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Liaotung Group (.) Liaotung System, geographic name Liaotung was Romanized as Ryoto by the Japanese Sawatari M, 1936, Bull. Ryojun Coll. Eng., (112) Liaodong, i.e. eastern Liaoninng Province For gneiss, amphibolites, mica schist Archean.

Liaoxi Group (.) Pan Guang, 1979, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1979(6) Liaoxi, i.e. western Liaoning Province Mid Jurassic-Early Cretaceous.

Liaoyang Group (.) Liaoyang Series Aoji O, 1928, Proc. Imp. Acad., 4(10) Liaoyang referring to the southern Liaoning Province, not the Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province For purple, green shale and brownish red limestone Early Cambrian.

Liaoyanggou Formation (.) Liaoyanggou Coal Measure Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cetaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 58 Liaoyanggou in Qinling Mt., Shaanxi Province For coal-bearing strata Jurassic.

Liaozhuang Formation (/ ) Henan Bureau of Petroleum Exploration, China National Oil and Gas General

Co. and North China Bureau of Petroleum Geology, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1995, Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Zhoukou and Nanyang, Henan, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-424 Liaozhuang in Nanyang City, Henan Province Eocene. Licha Formation ( ) Licha Group No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Licha ox pastureland, close to Macha La Mining, 15 km east of Leiwuqi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray, grayish brown, grayish black massive limestone and dolomitic limestone, with interbeds of clastic rocks, and volcanic rocks occasionally Late Carboniferous Synonym: Ebana Formation.

Lichaiba Formation (% ) Wang Deju, 1977, Silurian of Yunnan, Yunnan Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Lichaba in Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of yellowish green silty shale and purplish red mudstone Silurian.

Lichi Formation () Geographic name Lichi was Romanized as Uehara by the Japanese (LSI) Ooe Z, 1939, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Taito Sheet Lichi village, 2 km northwest of Taitung County, Taiwan Province For limestone Miocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lichiachuan Formation (( ) Yuan P L, 1925, Carboniferous Stratigraphy of Northwest Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(1): 29-38 Lijiaquan (Lichiachuan), 32.5 km west of Hongshanyao, Yongchang County, Gansu Province For sandstone, shale and limestone Late Carboniferous. Lichiachuang Limestone (( ) Zhang Wenyou, 1937, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol., (6): 1, pls.1-3 Lijiazhuang (Lichiachuang) in Dingyuan County, Anhui Province For grayish white nodulebearing limestone Late Cambrian. Lichiapai Formation (() Lichiapai Series Xiong Bingxin, 1940, Geological Review, 5(1/2): 38 Lijiabai (Lichiapai) village, close to Minglangbao, Kunming County, Yunnan Province For white sandstone Mid Sinian. Lichuntun Basalt () Cai Wenhua et al., 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jiamusi Sheet Lichuntun in Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province For basalt Miocene.

Lidui Conglomerate (A) Chang L T, 1938, Geological Review, 3(3): 255 Lidui (The watershed of Min River and Tuo River) in Guanxian County, Sichuan Province For conglomerate Cretaceous(?). Lieguliu Formation ($0) No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mianning Sheet Lieguliu village, close to Lianghong, Ganluo County, Sichuan Province For purplish red conglomerate, sandy tuffite, siltstone and mudstone Neoproterozoic. Lielonggou Formation ($) Tibet Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Lielonggou, north of Quesang Temple, Duilongdeqing County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray slate with interbeds of tuffite, grayish white silicalite Late Permian Lielonggou Formation

is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Lienhsien Formation () Lienhsien Limestone Mo C S, 1944, Supplemet to The Earth, First Issue, 12 Lianxian (Lienhsien) County, Guangdong Province For limestone Early Carboniferous. Lienhua Sandstone ($ ) See Lienhuashan Formation.

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Lienhuashan Formation ($ ) Lienhuashan Series, Lienhua Sandstone (Lee J S, 1939, 481), geographic name Lienhuashan was Romanized as Liankhouachan bu the French (LSI) Chu T H,

1927–1928, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.I 1928–1929, ibid., vol.II, pt.2, 65-66 Lianhuashan (Lienhuashan), east of Longshanxu, north of Guixian County (today Guigang City), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For red hard thick-bedded quartzite, alternating beds of red sandstone and thinbedded shale, with interbeds of limestone and the basal conglomerate Early-Mid Devonian Synonym: Lienhua Sandstone. Lienhuayan Sandstone ($  ) Lee Y Y, 1940, Geological Review, 5(6): 506; Lee Y Y, 1944, Salt deposits of Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (18): 11 Lianhuayan (Lienhuayan) in Wutongqiao, Leshan County, Sichuan Province For sandstone Jurassic.

Lienhushan Formation (“$” ) Lienhushan Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 115, 311. First appeared in a manuscript by Li T Lianhushan (Lien-

hushan) close to Chang’an Town, Rongxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For blackish schist or shale Ordovician(?). Lientan Formation () Hsu R L, Chiang R, 1932, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.4, pt.I Liantan (Lientan) xu, Yunan County, Guangdong Province For dark gray, black shale, brown banded shale with interbeds of sandstone Early Silurian.

Li’eryu Formation () Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Northeastern China Li’eryu village in Huaziyu Town, Bali Township, Haicheng County, Liaoning Province For leptynite, dolomitic marble and amphibolites Palaeoproterozoic.

Lieyi Formation ($ ) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Sichuan, 1977(2): 22-30. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.3 Sichuang Regional Geological Survey Team Leiyi in Dang’en Township, Batang County, Sichuan Province For gray metamorphic sandstone with interbeds of slate and phyllite, and with basalt in the top Mid Triassic.

Lifan Formation (

) Lifan Series Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan & Sikang (text in press & the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections), Sheet 2 Lifan (today Lixian) County, Sichuan Province Permian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Liguan Formation ((.) Liang Zongwei, 1980, On the “Wushan Formation” of the Lower Cambrian in central and southern Shandong, Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(4): 282-287 Liguan Township in Linyi City, Shandong Province Early Cambrian Substitute Liguan Formation for original Wushan Formation. Liguo Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Liguo in Changning County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Mengtong Group, for leptynite and schist Sinian.

Lihsien Formation () Lihsien Coal Series Liu C C, Chao Y T, 1927, Geology of the Western Chekiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (9): 11-28 Lixian (Lihsien) Town, Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province For coal-bearing strata Late Permian. Lihua Sandstone ( ) Ma Xingyuan, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 14-50 Lihua shop in Xiahuayuan, Hebei Province For sandstone Jurassic Lihua Sandstone is not the geographic

name, but a name of the coal shop, this did not conform to the rules of stratigraphic nomenclature.

Lihua Shale (“” ) Lihua Shale Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 456 Lihua in Sichuan (old Xikang or Sikang Province) For green and purple shale sometimes altered to green schist, occasionally traversed by quartz veins which are usually barren of basal part Triassic(?). Lihuoshan Formation () Lihuoshan Series Hiong B H, 1940, Geological Review, 5(1/2): 38, 40 Lihuoshan close to Qitai, Kunming City, Yunnan Province For quartzite, siliceous limestone and slate Late Sinian. Lijia Formation (() Li Xinxue, He Yan, He Dechang, Xu Fuxiang, 1963, Contribution to Academic

Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Western Zhejiang Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Lijia between Dongwuli and Yuankou, Shouchang, Jiande County, Zhejiang Province For black silicalite and sandy shale, with phosphorite nodule Early Permian Synonymous with Tingchiashan Formation.

Lijiamiao Formation (() Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral

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Resources of the People’s Republic of China,(1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 249. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.3 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, National General Bureau of Geology Lijiamiao close to Dajingzhen Town, Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of yellowish brown, brownish red claystone, sandy claystone and conglomerate Pliocene. Lijiang Diamictite (/) Lijiang Till Zhang Zhonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing, China Ocean Press, 87 Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province For blocks of limestone, basalt and pink sandy gravel Pleistocene Homonymous with

Likiang Formation.

Lijiapo Formation ()) Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Sanjiang Sheet Lijiapo, west of Sanjiang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish green, light purple sandy mudstone with interbeds of purplish red claystone Sinian Synonym: Silikou Forma-

tion.

Lijiaya Formation (() Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet

Lijiaya village in Qixian Township, Linju County, Shandong Province A component formation of Wutu Group, for mudstone with interbeds of oil shale Eocene.

Lijiazui Formation (() Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China,(1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. First appeared in a manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Lijiazui in Suixian County, Hubei Province For a component formation of local Dagushi Group Proterozoic.

Likiang Formation (/) Misch P, 1945, Remarks on the tectonic history of Yunnan, with special reference

to its relation to the type of the young organic deformation, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.25, 47-154 Lijiang (Likiang) Naxi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province For gray and purple calcareous beds, with breccia and shale in the base Eocene Homonym: Lijiang Diamictite. Likou Formation (') Xia Bangdong, 1962, Bulletin of Nanking University, Geology Likou in Qimen County, Anhui Province For light metamorphic volcanic rocks, included Puling Metamorphic Volcanics and Yangzhanling Beds Neoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Likuan Formation (&) Likuan Beds Lee H T, Wang Y, 1985, Geology and tectonic near Likuan on southern Cross mountain highway, Taiwan, Geology, 6(1) Likuan located at Jil-

iangshan, west section of Southern Cross Mountain Highway, southern Taiwan Province For alternating beds of blackish, yellowish sandstone with interbeds of sandy shale and sandstone Oligocene-Miocene. Lile Group () Institute of Ocean, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1978, Quaternary Geology along the Coast of South China, Beijing: Science Press Lile Town in Xinhui County, Guangdong Province Composed of Shipai Formation, Xinanzhen Formation, Sanjiao Formation and Lufeng Formation Pleistocene.

Lili Formation () Geographic name Lili was Romanized as Rikriki by the Japanese (LSI) Usami M, Matumoto T, 1940, Geological Map of Taiwan: Daibuzan Sheet Lili village in Pingtung County, Taiwan Province Composed mainly of quartzite and sometimes intercalated with thin layers of dark gray slate Eocene.

Liling Formation () Liling Series Tien C C, 1930, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (9); Economic Geology,(6): 4 Liling County, Hunan Province Triassic.

Lilungshan Beds () Teng Y M, Wei K Y, 1983, Geology, 4(2): 51-66 Lilungshan close to Lilung, Taitung County, eastern Taiwan Province Miocene Synonymous with Changle Beds.

Lilve Formation (1) Zhou Tianrong et al., 1986, Guizhou Geology, 3(4) Lilve in Sandu County, Guzhou Province For a series of siltstone, sandy mudstone and carbonaceous shale, with trilobita of Mid Cambrian Mid Cambrian Lilve Formation is the

form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Limahe Formation ()

Limahe Series Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, In-

stitute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 41, post p. 50, table 3. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Limahe Geology Team, Sichuan Bureau of Geology Limahe in Huili County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component formation within the original Kunyang Group (today Huili Group), for grayish black, gray, grayish white quartzite, phyllite, schist and volcanic clastic rocks Presinian.

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Limuping Formation (%) Li Chuankui, Qiu Zhanxiang, Yan Defa, Xie Shuhua, 1979, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 17(1): 71-80. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Hunan Petroleum Geology Team Limuping, 10 km southwest of Hengyang County, Hunan Province Dealing with the part of red muddy sandstone and sand mudstone with mammal fossils of Eocene within the original Hengyang Red Beds or Hengyang Sandstone Eocene Limuping Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Limushan Member (%) Ji Qiang, Wei Jiayong, Wang Hongdi, et al., 1987, Acta Geologica Sinica, 68(2) Limushan, 5 km northwest of Muhua County, Guizhou Province For a component member of the Daihua Formation Early Carboniferous. Linbingwan Member (2) Chen Yuanren, 1978, Several Problems on Devonian System in Longmenshan Mountain District, Sichuan, In Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 106, 107 Linbingwan close to Ganxi, Beichuan County, Longmenshan Mt. District, Sichuan Province A component member of the Ganxi Formation, for thin-bedded limestone, yellowish green shale with interbeds of marl and sandstone Early Devonian  Linbingwan Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Linbuzong Formation (  ) Luo Zhongshu, 1973, Tibet Geology, (1) Linbuzong in Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous region For sandstone, slate, carbonaceous mudstone and coal seams Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Lincheng Beds (3) Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 51. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Cai Qianzhong Lincheng County, Hebei Province Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Lincheng Limestone.

Lincheng Diamictite (3) Lincheng Tillite Cao Zhaoyuan et al., 1964, The Quaternary Glacier Phenomenon between Zhanhe-Hutuohe, East Foot of Taihang Mountain, in Proceedings of Quaternary Glacier Remains in China, Beijing: Science press, 25-37 Lincheng County, Hebei Province For muddy gravel, sandy mudstone and conglomerate Pleistocene Homonymous with Lincheng Limestone. Lincheng Limestone (3) Lee J S, Chao Y T, 1926, Classification and Correlation of Palaeozoic Coalbearing Formations in North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 5(2): 107-134 Lincheng County, Hebei Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Homonym: Lincheng Beds, Lincheng Diamictite.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Linchia Formation ( ) Kobayashi T, 1942, Jour. Geogr. Soc. Tokyo, 54(645) Linjia (Linchia) weizi, southwest of Benxi City, Liaoning Province Composed mainly of shale, with conglomerate and coarse-grained sandstone in the base Mid Triassic. Linchiang Formation (3) Morita G., 1939, Jubilee Publication in Commemoration of Professor Yabe H’s Sixtieth Birthday, vol.1, 19-38 Linjiang (Linchiang) in Hunjiang City, Jilin Province For metamorphic rocks Proterozoic.

Linchuan Formation (3) Linchuan Series Tan H C, Wang S W, 1930, Geological Reconnaissance along the Projected Railway Line from Nanchang to Fuchow, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14): 1-6 Linchuan County, Jiangxi Province Proterozoic. Lindi Formation ( ) Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yong’an Sheet Lindi village in Chishui Township, Zhangping County, Fujian Province For yellowish white quartz conglomerate, sandy conglomerate and sandstone, with interbeds of siltstone in the upper part of Nanching Sandstone Early Carboniferous. Lindianzi Formation ( +) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Lindianzi close to Qianjin village, Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of grayish black clay and sands, with interbeds of gravel-bearing sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Pleistocene. Lingbei Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Lingbei in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Paleocene. Lingbei Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 227. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Department of Jianghan Petroleum Exploration Lingbei in Yingcheng County, Hubei Province Paleocene.

Lingcha Formation ( ) Zhang Yiyong, Lan Xiu, Yang Hengren, 2000, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies

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in China (1979-1999), Hefei China University of Science and Technology Press Lingcha in Hunan Province Eocene. Lingchuan Sandstone ( ) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157 Lingchuan County, Shanxi Province For a layer of sandstone in local Shansi Formation Late Permian. Lingdi Member ( ) Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 176. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Shaanxi Coal Field Geology Team Lingdi in Shaanxi Province For a component member of local Shihchienfeng Formation Late Permian. Lingdian Group (4F) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 41 Lingdian (i.e. Jianfang), 7.5 km east of Xinlin Township, Tayuan County, Heilongjiang Province For the sum of Jianfang Formation and Dawusuhe Formation Neoproterozoic. Lingdingyang Formation (5 ) Li Pingri et al., 1986, Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 8(3) Lingdingyang in Guangdong Province Holocene. Lingfeng Formation (#) Shanghai Integrative Research Team on Marine Geology, 1989, in Shanghai Integrative Research Team on Marine Geology and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1989, Cenozoic Paleobiofauna in Continental Basin of East China Sea Lingfeng No.1 Hole in Oujiang Depression, Continental Basin of East China Sea For dark gray mudstone Paleocene. Linggou Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ankang Sheet Linggou, north of Chengjiachuan, Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province For gray, yellowish brown silty slate and marls with interbeds of limestone Mid Triassic.

Lingguangta Basalt (##) Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yuzhuo, 1984, Chronological study of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 30-37 Lingguangta in Changbai County, Jilin Province For basalt Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lingguanmiao Member (#.) Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 109 Lingguanmiao close to Muerchang in Guixi, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province A component member of Mu’erchang Formation, for thick-bedded quartzose sandstone and siltstone Early Devonian. Linghao Formation (6) Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingren Sheet, Anlong Sheet Linghao village in Longlin Ge Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For brownish yellow, grayish green, dark gray sandstone, mudstone, with interbeds of silicalite and limestone Late Permian. Linghsiang Formation (#) Linghsiang Sandstone and Conglomerate Hsieh C Y, 1924, Stratigraphy of Southeastern Hupei, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(2): 91-98 Lingxiang (Linghsiang) in Echeng County, Hubei Province For the sum of the lower volcanic rock formation, the middle parti-coloured clastic rocks formation (i.e. sandstone and shale, with calcareous shale and limestone, and basal conglomerate), and the upper volcanic rock formation Early Cretaceous. Lingkecun Formation (!) Lingkecun Group Hainan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Chen Zhepei et al., ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (46), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hainan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 62. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Hainan Geology Team Linghao village in Zhanan Township, Sanya City, Hainan Province For rhyotaxitic porphyry, quartz-andesite porphyry, brecciated tuffite and volcanic breccia Late Cretaceous. Lingkou Conglomerate () Geographic name Lingkou was Romanized as Reiko by the Japanese (LSI) Yosh-

ida K, 1932, Report on the Geology of the Oil Field of Southwestern Chishan, Kaohsiung-Hsien Lingkou in Kaohsiung County, Taiwan Province For conglomerate Pleistocene.

Lingkussu Shale (#) Hsieh C Y, 1928, Geology of Chung Shan and its bearing on the supply of Artesian Water in Nanking, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 7(2): 133-138 Linggusi (Lingkussu), east of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For shale Early Jurassic. Lingli Member (5B) Pan Jiang, Wang Shitao, 1978, Continental Devonian of South China, In Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 249 Lingli close to Liujing, Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

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A component member of Lienhuashan Formation, for white quartzose sandstone Early Devonian.

Linglung Granite (7 ) Guo Wenkui, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 64 Linglong (Linglung), 15 km north of Zhaoyuan County, Shandong Province For granitic gneiss Post Palaeoproterozoic. Lingmaigou Formation (6 ) Xue Bing, 1977, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Sichuan, (2): 22-30. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by Mao Junyi Lingmaigou in Muli County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of gray metamorphic sandy slate and limestone, with parti-coloured beds in the lower part Early Triassic.

Lingnan Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 227. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Jianghan Department of Shaanxi Petroleum Exploration Team Lingnan in Yingcheng County, Hubei Province Paleocene. Lingshan Basalt (#) Lingshan Basalt Formation Bi Zhiguo, Yu Zhenjiang, 1977, First discovery of mammal remains from Upper Tertiary Deposits near Nanking, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 15(2): 126-138 Lingyanshan in Luhe County, 20 km north of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For basalt with interbeds of sandstone Homonymous with Lingshan Formation. Lingshan Formation (#) N(L)ingshan Formation Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 151 Lingshan Town, Fuping County, Hebei Province For coarse-grained conglomerate with interbeds of purplish red mudstone and siltstone Eocene Homonym: Lingshan

Schist, Lingshan Basalt.

Lingshan Schist (#) Zhao Jinke, Zhang Wenyou, 1959, Guangxi Geology (I), Outline of Geology of Guangxi, Beijing: Science Press Lingshan in Rongxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For schist Early Silurian Homonymous with Lingshan Formation. Lingshandao Beds (#) Liu Minhou, Wu Shiying, Wang Yongji, Gao Jianxi, 1986, Late Quarternary Sea Level Changes in the Huanghai Sea, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 61-68 Lingshan Island in Huanghai Sea, Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong Province For grayish brown muddy silt Pleistocene.

648

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lingshui Formation ( ) Hu Pingzhong, Su Houxi, et al., 1981, in Zeng Dingqian ed., 1981, Tertiary System of North Continental Shelf of South China Sea, Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 85, 93 Lingshui close to Yinggehai Sea, Beibu Bay, north of South China Sea, Guangdong Province Oligocene-Miocene Lingshui Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Lingwen Formation () Lingwen Group No.764 Guangdong Geology Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Hainan Island Lingwen village in Hanlin, Ding’an County, Hainan Province For conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and shale Early Triassic. Lingwu Formation (#) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 234 Lingwu County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For gray coarse-grained sands and gravel beds Holocene. Lingxia Formation ( ) Nan Yi, 1964, Abstract of 11th Annual Meeting of Palaeontologial Society of China Lingxia village in Nan Township, Yunfu County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of grayish purple, yellowish white phyllite and muddy siltstone Silurian. Lingxiqiao Formation (#) Mu Enzhi, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Junyuan, Rong Jiayu, 1983, Silurian rocks in the

vicinity of Shuanghe, Changning, Southwest Sichuan, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(3): 208-215 Lingxiqiao close to Shuanghe, Changning County, Sichuan Province For calcareous mudstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle Mid Devonian. Lingyansi Formation (1) (# 1) Du Dinghan, Zhou Zhijun, Wang Wuyuan, 1986, in Du Dinghan et al., 1986, Research of the Devonian System of Qin-Ba Region within the Territory of Shaanxi, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press, 53 Lingyansi Temple, south of Lveyang County, Shaanxi Province For the part with coral and conodont fossils in the lower part of the Lveyang Limestone Late Devonian Lingyansi Formation (1) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning; Homonym: Lingyansi Formation (2). Lingyansi Formation (2) (# 2) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 167 Lingyansi in Huanglong Township, Dayu County, Jiangxi Province For

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purple rhythmic beds of conglomerate and sandstone Late Devonian Homonymous with Lingyansi Formation (1). Lingyuan Beds (8) Ueda F, Sasakura M, 1937, Geology and Geography of Southwestern Manchuria, 21-80 Lingyuan County, Liaoning Province For limestone and shale Cambrian Lingyuan Beds was refused to take into account by anyone for more than fifty

years and had become a name oblitum today. Homonym: Lingyuan Diamictite. Lingyuan Conglomerate (8)

Lingyuan Red Conglomerate, Lingyuan Formation (Chen Piji et al., 1980) Chao C P, Ho C W, 1959, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1959(2): 45-48 Lingyuan County, Liaoning Province For purplish red sandstone and conglomerate Mid Jurassic Homonymous with Lingyuan Beds.

Lingyuan Formation () Lingyuan Shale and Sandstone Hu P C, Liang T, Hsieh C Y, 1931, Notes on the Artesian Wells in Nanking, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (16) Lingyuan of Sun Yatsen Mausoleum, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For shale and sandstone Early Jurassic. Linhe Formation (3) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Wenguo ed.),

1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (15), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Zhang Xingjing Linhe City, Bayan Nur Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray, black mudstone with interbeds of siltstone Paleocene. Linhsiang Formation (3) Linhsiang Limestone Yang Jingzhi, Mu Enzhi, 1954, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2(1): 72, table 2 Linxiang (Linhsiang) County, Hunan Province For knotty limestone, marls and knotty marls Mid Ordovician.

Linjiaguanzhuang Formation ( . ) Cheng Zhizhong, 1990, Geology of Shandong, 6(1) Linjiaguanzhuang in Yishui County, Shandong Province For amphibolite and leptynite Archean. Linjiang Formation (1) (3 1) Zhang Yan, 1961, Proceedings of the Geology of Gansu Bureau of Geology, (8) Linjiang in Wenxian County, Gansu Province Devonian Homonym: Linjiang Formation (2). Linjiang Formation (2) (3 2) Zhang Yuping, Tong Yongsheng, 1963, On the Age of the “Red Beds” of Yuanshui Basin, Kiangsi, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 7(2): 178-181. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Jiangxi Petroleum Geological Survey Team Linjiang Town,

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qingjiang County, Jiangxi Province For purplish red mudstone with interbeds of sandstone Eocene Homonymous with Linjiang Formation (1). Linjiataizi Formation ( ) Jiang Chunchao, 1975, Research on Geology and Mineral Resources, (Supplement), (4) Linjiataizi in Tongyuanpu Town, Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province For marble, leptynite with interbeds of leucogranulite and amphibolite Palaeop-

roterozoic.

Linjiatun Formation () Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional

Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Linjiatun in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For purplish sandstone and conglomerate Early Triassic. Linjiazhai Formation ( ) Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang, Weifang, Xiyou Sheets. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Cao Guoquan & Ai Xiansen Linjiazhai in Sikou Township, Qixia County, Shandong Province For amphibolite and leptynite Archean. Linjiazhuang Formation (  ) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaomi, Qingdao and Lingshan Sheets Linjiazhuang in Jiaozhou City, Shandong Province For conglomerate Early Cretaceous. Linjitang Formation (  ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Linjitang in Luokezong District, Tibet Autonomous Region Late Triassic.

Linka Sandstone (  ) Yang Zunyi, Wu Shunbao, 1964, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 12(2) Linka, 10 km south of Cuomuchilin lake, Dingjie County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray quartzose sandstone with interbeds of shale Late Jurassic. Linkou Beds ( ) Tan K, 1939, Geological consideration on the Taihoku basin, Jubilee Publication in Commemoration of Professor Yabe H’s Sixtieth Birthday, vol.1 Linkou village in Taipei County, Taiwan Province Pleistocene. Linkuanggou Formation (9 ) Cheng Shoude, 1979, Regional Geological Survey of Xinjiang, (1) Linkuanggou, southwest of Kensayisi Pass, Huocheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray limestone, grayish green calcareous phosphatebearing sandstone, shale and limestone Early Cambrian.

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Linlo Limestone (“3” ) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 448 Linlo in northwestern Hubei Province For yellowish green shale and light gray muddy limestone Ordovician. Linnsi Formation ( ) Linnsi Series; Linnsi Slates; Schistes de Linn-si Teilhard de Chardin P, 1924, Geology of Northern Chihli and Eastern Mongolia, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(3/4): 399-407 Linxi (Linnsi) County, Keshiketeng Banner, Zhaowuda League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Composed of gray, yellow, grayish green to black sandstone, shale, hornfels, slate and phyllite, with interbeds of limestone or marble lenticle Carboniferous-Permian Synonym: Soron Formation, Baoeraobao Formation. Linqu Group (3) Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Linqu County, Shandong Province Included Niushang Formation, Shanwang Formation and Yao-

shan Formation, for basalt with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate, clay stone and diatomite Neocene.

Linru Diamictite (3') Linru Tillite, Linru Member (Zhang Erpeng, 1998, 92) Yang Zhijian, 1958, Acta Geologica Sinica, 38(4): 473-510 Linru County, Henan Province For diamictite composed of purplish red, yellowish green mudstone Late Sinian Synonym: Luoquan Formation (1). Linshan Group ( ) Zhang Zulian et al., 1962, Geological Science and Technology Information, (1) Linshan in Litian Township, Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province Composed mainly of sandstone with coal-bearing strata Early Jurassic Synonymous with Shuibei Sandstone. Linshui Conglomerate (3 ) Mu Enzhi, 1948, Geological Review, vol.13, 158 Linshui close to Yulin harbor, Hainan Province For conglomerate Tertiary. Linsishan Formation ( ) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang and Chaoli Sheets Linsishan in Facheng Town, Haiyang County, Shandong Province For flood deposits of boulders with interbeds of conglomerate and coarse-grained sandstone Early Cretaceous. Lintian Formation ( ) Li Jianhai et al., 1983, Geology of Fujian, 2(1): 1-19 Lintian in Changding County, Fujian Province For dark gray metamorphic sandstone, carbonaceous

652

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

slate and silicalite Early-Mid Cambrian. Linwu Formation (3) Linwu (Lingwu) Series, geographic name Linwu was Romanized as Linou by the French (LSI) Lee Y Y, Chu S, 1933, General Report of 1932 of Academia Sinica Linwu County, Hunan Province For blackish limestone Early Carboniferous.

Linxi Granite (  ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1958, Suplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 133, chart 20-21 Linxi County, Zhaowuda League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For pink coarse-grained granite Late Cretaceous. Linxia Formation (3 ) No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoji Sheet Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province For brownish red sandstone, siltstone, purplish red mudstone, with interbeds of sandstone and gypsum Pliocene.

Linyi Formation (3+) Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by No.7 Shandong Geology Team Linyi County, Shandong Pro-vince For yellow clayey silt, with gravel-bearing coarse-grained sands in the terrace of modern river Holocene.

Linzizong Formation (  ) Linzizong Volcanic Series Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Linzizong, northeast of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region For volcanic

rocks with interbeds of basic and acidic volcanic lava, volcanic clastic rocks, particoloured thin-bedded shale, marls and purplish quartzite with interbeds of basalt Paleocene-Eocene. Lioyang Formation (1)

Lioyang Limestone, geographic name Lioyang was Romanized as Liouian by the French (LSI) Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (9): 140-141 Lveyang (Lioyang) County, Shaanxi Province For grayish black to black massive limestone with interbeds of thin-bedded muddy and sandy beds Early Carboniferous.

Lipichiao Formation ( ) Tan H C, Wang S W, 1930, Geological Reconnaissance along the Projected Railway Line from Nanchang to Fuchow, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14) Lipiqiao (Lipichiao), south of Chongren County, Jiangxi Province For gray, black shale

with interbeds of gray sandstone, with thin-bedded coal seams.

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Liping Formation () ) Liping Series Luo S W, 1944, Special Report of Guizhou Team of Mineral Resources Survey, (19) Liping County, Guizhou Province For slate and quartzite Sinian.

Liqiuwan Formation () Yang Daozheng, Du Jianbin, 1989, Hubei Geology, 3(1) Liqiuwan close to Guchengfan, Suizhou City, Hubei Province A component formation of Guchengfan Group, for yellowish green, grayish yellow and black slate with interbeds of basalt Mid-Late Cambrian.

Lisangou Formation ((%) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology, 1982, Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Palaeontology in Guyang Coal-bearing Basin, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Lisangou, 20 km northwest of Guyang County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For la-

teritic red, grayish white conglomerate with interbeds of sandy mudstone, grayish green, purplish gray and lateritic red sandy mudstone with calcareous mudstone and sandstone Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Lishan Formation ()

Lishan Coal Series, geographic name Lishan was Romanized as Lihshan or Lichan by the French (LSI) Wang H S, Lee C Y, 1930, Geological Reconnaissance along the Nanking-Namping Section of the Projected Line from Nanking to Canton, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14): 7-11 Lishan, 6 km southeast of Jianou County, Fujian Province For light gray, white, brownish yellow quartzose sandstone with interbeds of muddy sandstone, shale sandy shale and coal seams Jurassic.

Lishanqian Formation () Du Senguan, Wang Lili, 1980, Ordovician strata in the vicinity of Liudu, Shitai District, Anhui, Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(2): 120-128 Lishanqian, 2 km north of Liudu, Shitai County, Anhui Province For grayish white massive limestone and dolomitic limestone Early Ordovician Lishanqian Formation is the form of

lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Lishigou Formation (()

Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongbai Sheet Lishigou close to Dalishuizhuang in Wucheng Basin, Yongbai County, Henan Province For alternating beds of yellow, green

sandy conglomerate, grayish greensand conglomerate and sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone, marls and conglomerate lenticle Eocene.

Lishih Loess (A) Lishih “Huangtu” (Loess) Liu T S, Chang C H, 1962, Acta Geologica Sinica 42(1): 1-14 Lishi (Lishih) County, Shanxi Province For loess Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lishiling Formation () Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, (11) Lishiling in Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For conglomerate, parti-coloured quartzite, with interbeds of shale and quartzose sandstone Mesoproterozoic. Lishugou Formation () No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yingpan Sheet Lishugou, 6 km southeast of Zamu Township, Xinbin County, Liaoning Province For gray shale with interbeds of yellow sandstone, locally tuffite and volcanic rocks Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Lishui Formation (/ ) Lishui Series Sheng H F, 1934, Notes of Zhejiang Geology, (33) Lishui County, Zhejiang Province Cretaceous.

Lishuwo Formation ()) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiushui Sheet Lishuwo close to Chuantan, Wuning County, Jiangxi Province For flysch formation composed of grayish green, grayish yellow shale, siltstone and quartzite Early Silurian. Lisungpu Formation ( ) Chang H C, 1936, Geological Review, 1(2): post p.120, table 1 Lisongpu (Lisungpu) in Gansu Province Cretaceous. Litang Group ( ) Litang Ophiolite Group Wang Zhongshi, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Litang, Daocheng, Gongling Sheet Litang County, Sichuan Province For green schist, included Waneng Ophiolite Formation and Ka’er Ophiolite Formation Permian-Triassic.

Litao Formation (!) Yen T P, Sheng C C, Keng W P, Yang Y T, Some problems on the Mesozoic formation of Taiwan, 1956, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (8) Litao village in Taitung County, Taiwan Province Consists of very massive sandstone, with slate or phyllite in the lower part and slate, part phyllite in the upper Mesozoic(?). Litianhu Group () Litian Group Wang Naiwen, 1986, in Hao Yichun et al., 1986, The Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Litiancuo (i.e. Guozhacuo) lake, south of Karakunlun Pass, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with the bed D to bed Q in Guozhacuo Section (Norin, 1946), or the middle part of the Tielongtan Group of Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale (1981) Late Cretaceous A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification.

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Litzukou Formation (%) Sun C C, 1934, Geology of the Yuhsien and Mihsien Coal Field, Honan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (24): 2 Lizigou (Litzukou) in Yuxian County, Henan Province For red, green muddy shale and slate Cambrian. Litzuping Formation (() Litzuping Series Ting V K, 1947, Reports of Geological Survey, National Geological Survey, 1-746 Litzuping between Fumin County and Kunming City, Yunnan Province. Liubatang Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geology and Mineral Resources Map of Yunnan Liubatang village in Jinning County, Yunnan Province For black slate with interbeds of siliceous slate and Mn-bearing slate Mesoproterozoic. Liubintun Formation (:G) Compiling Group for Beijing Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1977, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Beijing Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Liubintun in Beijing Municipality Holocene.

Liubu Formation (0-) Liubu Metamorphic Sandstone and Shale Beds Hsu R L, Chiang R, 1932, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.4, (I) Liubu in Gaoyao County, Guangdong Province For dark red, grayish yellow and dark gray fine-grained sandstone, pink, grayish yellow, grayish black phyllitic shale with interbeds of slate Mesozoic. Liuchapo Formation ( ) Liuchapo Chert Beds, geographic name Liuchapo was Romanized as Lioutchapo by the French (LSI) Wang C H, Pian H T, 1949, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 29(1): 66-72 Liuchapo village in Anhua County, Hunan Province For gray massive

silicalite with interbeds of a few calcareous banded shales and limestones, dolomite lenticles Sinian.

Liuchen Formation (0) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Guangxi Liuchen village in Pingnan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For light gray graptolite-bearing fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of purplish red shale Early Ordovician. Liucheng Formation () Liucheng Speleothem Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 281

656

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Liuchengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For speleothem, red clay, clayey breccia Pleistocene

Liuchiang Beds () Couches de Liuchiang Mathieu F F, 1927, Bull. Soc. Belge de Geol., tome 36: 162 Liujiang (Liuchiang) north of Shanhaiguan City, Hebei Province Permian.

Liuchiang Formation (;) Liuchiang Series, geographic name Liuchiang was Romanized as Lioutszian or Liukiang by the French (LSI) Fong K L, 1927-1928, Geology and Resources of Kueilin, I Ningm, Ku Hua, Ling Chuan, Hsing An, Chuan Hsien, Liu Chiang, Siu Ren, Yanh Shuo, Li Pu, Mung Shan, Tsang Wu, Teng Hsien and Ping Nan Districs of Kwangsi, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol. 2, pt. 2, 2958 Liujiang (Liuchiang) County ( today Shazhen of Luzhai), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For green and red silicalite with interbeds of lenticular limestone Mid-Late Devonian. Liuchiapo Formation (:) Liuchiapo Sandstone Yu C C, Shu W P, 1929, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol., (8): 44 Liujiapo (Lichiapo), 48 km northwest of Zhongxiang County, Hubei Province For gray, yellow thin to thick-bedded sandstone with interbeds of mica graywacke Cambrian. Liuchiu Limestone (<) Riukiu Limestone, geographic name Liuchiu was Romanized as Ryukyu (Riukiu)

by the Japanese (The name “Ryukyu or Riukiu” was applied for both the Ryukyu Island and Taiwan Island, for that reason the name Riukiu Limestone was employed by Yabe H & Hanzawa S) Yabe H, Hanzawa S, 1930, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., ser.II, 14(1) Liuchiu (Yu) Islands located at the southern sea coast of Taiwan Host Island, Taiwan Province For white and grayish white massive coral limestone composed dominantly of reef remains, containing rich foraminifers, mollusks, echinoids and calcareous Pliocene-Pleistocene.

Liuchou Formation (0) Liuniu Formation Ding Suyin, Zheng Jiajian, Zhang Yuping, Tong Yongsheng, 1977, The Age and Characteristic of the Liuniu and the Dongjun Faunas, Bose of Guangxi, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 15(1): 35-45 Liuchou, southeast of Nalou village, Tiandong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For purplish red conglomerate, mudstone with interbeds of sandstone, locally with grayish green shale Eocene The correct pronunciation of Chinese character “” should be “chou” not “niu”. So, The Liuniu Formation is an incorrect orthography originally. Liuchuangyeh Schist (: ) Liuchuang Yeh Schist Ma Xingyuan, 1957, Acta Geologica Sinica, 37(1): 1132Liuzhuangye (Liuchuangyeh) in Zhongtiao Mt., Shanxi Province For schist Proterozoic.

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Liuchungchi Formation (0) Stach L W, 1956, Stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the upper Ceno-

zoic sequence of the foothills region, east of Chiayi and Hsinying, The Symposium on Petroleum Geology of Taiwan Liuchungchi in Liuchungchu village on the Liuchunchi stream, Chiayi County, Taiwan Province For sandy mudstone and muddy fine-gained sandstone Pliocene. Liudaogou Formation (0 )

Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geology Map: Xi’ning Sheet Liudaogou in Huangzong County, Qinghai Province For basic volcanic lava, volcanic clastic rocks with interbeds of limestone, silicalite and slate Late Cambrian.

Liufan Formation (:) No.311 Anhui Geology Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geology Map: Taihu Sheet Liufan in Taihu County, Anhui Province Dealing with a component formation of Tapei Group, for metamorphic complex Archean.

Liufangzui Formation (0) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Liufangzui in Suixian County, Hubei Province For a component formation within the local Huashan Group Proterozoic. Liufengguan Group ( ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geology Map: Fengxian Sheet Liufengguan in Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province For the sum of Xipo Formation and Renjiagou Formation Early Tri-

assic.

Liugengshan Formation (0-) Chu Yinong, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(3): 377-382. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by Zhong Keng Liugengshan in northern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For Mn-bearing strata Mid Carboniferous.

Liugou Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245, table 1-34. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Shanxi Petroleum Geology Team Liugou close to Xiatuhe, Taigu County, Shanxi Province For yellow fine-grained sands, gravel with interbeds of sandstone lenticle, thin banded marls and green clay beds Pleistocene.

658

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Liuhang Formation () Shandong Geology Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geology Map: Taian, Xintai Sheet Liuhang in Xintai County, Shandong Province A

component formation of the Taishan Complex, for leptynite, amphibolite, metamorphic volcanic rocks Archean. Liuhe Group () Geology Team of Changchun College of Geology, 1960, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hailong County SheetLiuhe in Hailong County, Jilin Province For coal-bearing strata Late Jurassic-Cretaceous Homonym:

Liuho Group.

Liuho Group () Liuho Coal-bearing Series, geographic name Liuhe (Liuho) was Romanized as Ryo-ho by the Japanese (LSI) Ihara K, 1935, Rep. 1st. Sci. Exp. Manchukuo, ser.II, pt.2, 93 Liuhe (liuho), northeast of Xinglong County, Hebei Province For coal-bearing strata Jurassic Homonymous with Liuhe Group.

Liuhongwan Formation (:!) Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Liuhongwan in Wulate Qian Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For quartzite with interbeds of dolomitic limestone Mesoproterozoic. Liuhotan Formation (0) Liuhotan Limestone Chao K K, 1947, Stratigraphical development in Kwangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 27(3/4): 321-346 Liuhetan (Liuhotan) in Yishan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone and coal-bearing strata Late Permian. Liuhuanghe Formation (=) Zhang Wentang, 1962, The Ordovician of China, Beijing: Science Press, 38. First appeared in a manuscript by Yu Changmin, Yu’s paper was published in 1963 Liuhuanghe close to Menyuan, eastern Qilian County, Qinghai Province For bluish gray thin banded siliceous limestone, light yellow calcareous phyllite, grayish white crystalline limestone, mica sandstone and schist Early Ordovician. Liuhuangshan Group (=) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinge’er Sheet. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Chen Songguang Liuhuangshan in Tukexun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of grayish green, yellowish brown phyllite with interbeds of a few sandstones, siltstones, conglomerates and limestone lenticles Mid-Late Ordovician.

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Liuhui Member (0)) Hou Hongfei, Xian Siyuan, 1975, Brachiopoda of Early and Mid Devonian in Xiangzhou County, in Proceedings of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (1) Liuhui in Xiangzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a component member of the Dale Formation Mid Devonian. Liuhuisheh Basalt (*") Hou T F, Wang Y L, Chang C C, 1935, Geological Reconnaissance between Sungyen & Amoy, Fikien, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (25): 5 Liuhuishe (Liuhuisheh), southeast of Haicheng County, Fujian Province For basalt Tertiary. Liujia Formation () Sichuan Air Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qijiang Sheet Liujia chang, 60 km northwest of Yibin County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component formation in the top of the Tshiating

(Kiating or Chiating) Group, for lateritic red quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of thin-bedded and lenticular mudstone Paleocene-Eocene.

Liujiadong Formation (:) No.2 Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qipanshan Sheet Liujiadong in Hebei Province Cretaceous.

Liujiagang Formation (:) Zhang Liang, 1985, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (6) Liujiagang, south of Weining County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of grayish yellow, grayish black fine-grained sandstone, siltstone and shale Early Carboniferous Liujiagang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Liujiagou Formation (:) Shanxi Stratigraphy Team, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1959, Proceedings of Shanxi Meeting of Stratigraphy, National Stratigraphical Commission Liujiagou in Ningwu County, Shanxi province For red sandstone and mudstone Triassic. Liujiahe Formation (:) Jiang Chunchao, 1975, Research on Geology and Mineral Resources, (Supplement), (4) Liujiahe in Tongyuanpu, Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province For migmatite, amphibolites and leptynite Palaeoproterozoic. Liujiang Group () Liuchiang Group Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2 (2): 91-162. First appeared in a manuscript by Ting V K Liujiang (Liuchiang) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Devonian Homonymous with Liuchiang Beds.

660

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Liujiangcun Formation () Compiling Group for Hebei Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Liujiangcun in Liujiang Basin, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province For yellowish white, grayish green gravel-bearing quatzose sandstone, with interbeds of siltstone and mudstone Late Permian. Liujiapo Formation (:) Liu Yinhuan, Wang Jianping, Zhang Haiqing, Du Fengjun, 1991, The Cambrian and Ordovician Systems of Henan, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Liujiapo in Dashiqiao Township, Xichuan County, Henan Province For the mudstone without coral fossils in the upper part of the Shiyanhe Formation (Pei Fang, 1987) Late Ordovician Liujiapo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Liujiaquan Formation (: ) Bai Yunshan et al., 1997, Xinjiang Geology, 17(3) Lijiaquan in Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark gray, grayish green quartz schist, quartzite and marble Palaeoproterozoic. Liujiatai Formation (:) Qinghai Integrative Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xi’ning Sheet Liujiatai in Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province For carbonaceous mica schist with interbeds of marble Proterozoic. Liujiatang Member (: ) Yoh S S, Hou Hongfei, 1962, Bulletin of Peking University (Natural Science), 8(3): 226 Liujiatang village, 1.5 km northwest of Jieling, Shaoyang County, Hunan Province Early Carboniferous. Liujing Member (0) Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1965, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1965(12) Liujing station, Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gray, grayish yellow muddy limestone Early Devonian. Liujuqiao Formation () No.2 Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongshan Sheet Liujuqiao in Tongshan County, Hubei Province For silty shale with interbeds of marls and muddy banded limestone Early Ordovician. Liukankou Member (0 ) Pan Jiang, Wang Shitao, 1978, Continental Devonian of South China, In Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 249

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Liukankou reservoir, north of Liujing village, Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dealing with the upper member of the Lienhuashan Formation, for purplish red silty mudstone with interbeds of siltstone Early Devonian.

Liukeshu Formation (0)) Pingliang Formaton Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Liukeshu, east of Jiangjunmiao of East Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For parti-coloured graywacke, with interbeds of muddy siltstone, tuffite and volcanic rocks Late Carboniferous Liukeshu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Liukuang Formation () Compiling Group for Shandong Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Shandong Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Gao Mingde Liukuang in Chengshanwei Town, Rongcheng County, Shandong Province For alternating beds of brownish red sands and clay, with conglomerate in the lower part Pleistocene. Liukuei Conglomerate (0O) Geographic name Liukuei was Romanized as Rokki by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K, 1933, Report on the Geology of the Chishan Oil Field, Kaohsiung Liukuei village, close to Qishan in Kaohsiung County, Taiwan Province Composed of

gray or yellow brown soft sandstone intercalated with mudstone bands and thin conglomerate layers in the lower part, and occasionally of a thick conglomerate with sandstone interbeds in the upper part. Large pieces of carbonized drifting woods are often found in it Plioene-Pleistocene.

Liulang Formation () Shanghai Integrative Research Team on Marine Geology of Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1989, Cenozoic Paleobiofauna in Continental Basin of East China Sea, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Shanghai Integrative Research Team on Marine Geology Liulang in eastern Shanghai Municipality Dealing with the sedimentary rock between the T2-2 to T2-0 earthquake wave band in “Long 2 Hole”, for sands, mudstone with interbeds of coal seams Miocene Liulang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with seismic stratigraphic meaning. Liulaopei Formation (:H) Liulaopei Series Hsieh C Y, 1947, Geological Review, 12(5): 317-348 Liulaobei (Liulaopei), north of Shouxian County, Anhui Province For grayish green shale with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone Neoproterozoic Synonym: Hsingshan Shale.

662

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Liuliho Shale (
Liulin Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.8 Hubei Geology Team Liulin in Hubei Province For a component formation of the Suixian Group Neoproterozoic. Liulin Formation (0 ) Wu Yi, Liang Yanlin, 1992, in Zhong Keng et al., 1992, The Devonian System of Guangxi, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 53 Liulin, 5 km northeast of Santanxu, Bobai County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For

alternating beds of dark gray, grayish yellow, and grayish white muddy siltstone and fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone Early Devonian.

Liuling Group (:) Qinling Integrative Regional Geological Survey Team, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangxian Sheet Liuling in Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province Mid-Late Devonian. Liulinhe Formation (: ) Shanxi Integrative Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuncheng Sheet, Sanmenxia Sheet Liulinhe in Pinglu County, Shanxi Province A component formation of the Pinglu Group, for alternating beds of red conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone, and mudstone Oligocene. Liuluocun Formation (0) Hainan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Chen Zhepei ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (46), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hainan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Liuluocun in Sanya City, Hainan Province For andesitic tuffite with interbeds of volcanic breccia and lava Late Cretaceous. Liumei Group () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 367, IV6-1. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by No.763 Guangdong Geology Team (No.763 Team’s “Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shaoguan Sheet” was published in 1982) Liumei close to Wudianmeihua,

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Yingde County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of grayish green sandstone and siltstone, with interbeds of mica schist and quartzose sandstone Sinian. Liumengling Member (0) Liu Jinrong, 1978, The Devonian Stratigraphy of Guangxi, in Institute of Geol-

ogy, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9 Liumengling close to Xiangzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region A component member of original Tungkangling Formation, for dark gray limestone with interbeds of marl, shale or silicalite bands Mid Devonian. Liuniu Formation See Liuchou Formation. Liupanshan Group (0)

Liupanshan Series, geographic name Liupanshan was Romanized as Lieoupanchan or Lioupanchan by the French (LSI) Andersson J G, 1925, Geological Notes from Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc.China, 4(1): 17-18 Liupanshan in Huating County, Gansu Province For purplish red conglomerate, purplish red sandstone, grayish

blue, grayish green sandstone, mudstone, with interbeds of oil shale and gay sum Early-Mid Cretaceous Synonym: Paoan Group. Liuping Formation ()

No.311 Anhui Geology Team, 1982, The classification and correlation of the Susong Group in southeastern foot of the Dabieshan Mt., Geological Science and Technology of Anhui, (2) Liuping Mining Area in Susong County, Anhui Province For quartz schist, marble, and phosphate Neoproterozoic.

Liupo Formation (0) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Liupo in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Cambrian.

Liuqu Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team,1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet Liuqu in Lhaze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red, parti-coloured rudite, conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone and mudstone or shale Paleocene-Eocene A group without any formations

deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Liuranka Formation (,)

No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Derong Sheet Liuranka in Batang County, Sichuan Province For dark gray dolomite with interbeds of limestone Early

Ordovician.

664

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Liushagang Formation () Hu Pingzhong, Su Houxi, 1981, Tertiary System in Beibuwan and Yinggehai Depression, in Zeng Dingqian ed., 1981, Tertiary System of Continental Shelf of Northern South China Sea, Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 91. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Maoming Petroleum Co. Liushagang in Xuwen County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of gray, black, green mudstone and fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of brownish red mudstone and grayish white conglomerate Eocene-Pleistocene. Liushanyan Formation (:) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 10. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Liushanyan in Tongbai County, Henan Province For a series of flysch deposits, included Xipo Formation and Renjiagou Formation Early Triassic. Liushishan Formation (0) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostraic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 346. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Hu Gonghua & Zhu Daozun Liushishan in Shanxi Province Archean. Liushu Formation () Li Jijun et al., 1996, Science in China, D: Earth Sciences, 26(4): 316-322 Liushu in Linchuan County, Gansu Province For alluvial deposits Tertiary Liushu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Liushuang Formation (0) Liushuang Beds Chang H L, 1962, Proceedings of Geological Society of China, (1) Liushuang in Guantian Township, Tainan County, Taiwan Province For al-

ternating beds of dark gray mudstone and shale, with interbeds of sandstone and siltstone Pleistocene.

Liushugou Formation () Tan Deyao, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Urumqi Sheet Liushugou in Daxihe District, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For volcanic breccia with interbeds of lava Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Liushugou Limestone. Liushugou Limestone () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-654 Lishugou village in Yantai Coal Mining, Dengta County, Liaoning Province For limestone Late

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Carboniferous Homonym: Liushugou Formation. Liushui Formation ( ) Luo Huilin, 1974, Fossils Handbook of Yunnan, Trilobita, Kunming: Yunnan

People’s Publishing House. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Cao Renguan

Liushui, south of Shidian County, Yunnan Province For grayish green, light

green, gray silty banded shale, and siltstone, with interbeds of oolitic limestone and muddy bands Late Cambrian Synonym: Shahechang Formation.

Liushuitou Formation ( ) No.1 Shandong Geology Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:1 200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet Liushuitou in Shandong Province Early Cretaceous.

Liutang Formation ( ) Liutang Series, geographic name Liutang was Romanized as Ryuto by the Japanese, and Romanized as Lioutan by the French (LSI) Noda M, 1937, Ann. Rep. Jap. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol.13 Liutang, 4 km west of Benxi County, Liaoning Province For grayish white to purplish red coarse-grained sandstone, sandy shale and conglomerate, without limestone Early Permian.

Liutiaogou Limestone () Geographic name Liutiaogou was Romanized as Lioutiaogoou by the Japanese (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 7, chart 2. First appeared in a manuscript by Liu Guochang Liutiaogou, south of Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For flint-bearing nodule limestone with interbeds of quartzite Carboniferous-Permian.

Liutingssu Group (:) Liutingssu Series Sun C C, 1928, Some Observations on the Oldest Formation in the Province of Shansi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 7(3/4): 245-277 Liudingsi (Liutingssu) in Wutai County, Shanxi Province Proterozoic

Liuwan Formation () Liu Wan Beds Reed F R Cowper, 1927, Pal. Indica, N. S. 10(1) Liuwan close to Dabanqing, east of Nujiang River, Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For dark gray, yellowish green muddy limestone with interbeds of yellow, gray and purple shale Mid Jurassic.

Liuwu Formation () Wang Naiwen et al., 1983, Acta Geologica Sinica, 57(1): 83-95 Liuwu, west of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region For silicalite block and volcanic rocksbearing limestone Early Cretaceous.

666

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Liuxia Formation ( ) Ding Lianshen, An Taixiang, 1985, in Proceedings of Institute of Geology of Peking University, Beijing: Peking University Press Liuxia close to Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province For knotty limestone, dolomitic limestone, and silty mudstone Early Ordovician Liuxia Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit

with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

Liuyuan Formation () Northeastern Jiangxi Geology Team, 1977, Geological Information of Northeastern Jiangxi, (1) Liuyuan in northeastern Jiangxi Province Sinian. Liuyuan Formation () Jin Songqiao, 1974, Acta Geologica Sinica, 48(2): 159-174 Liuyuan Station (Hongliuyuan Town), Anxi County, Gansu Province Early Carboniferous.

Liuzhai Member (0) Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Dong Weiping ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (52), Stratigraphy (Lithostraic) of Guizhou Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 168. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.4 Element of Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team Liuzhai in Banjin, Huishui County, Guizhou Province For a component member of Chiussu Formation Early Carboniferous. Liuzhuang Formation (: ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinyang Sheet Liuzhuang in Xinyang City, Henan Province For a component formation of the Maoji Group Palaeoproterozoic.

Liuzigou Limestone () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Shanxi Stratigraphy Team, Chinese Academy of Sciences Liuzigou in Gty, West Hills, Shanxi Province For a layer of cone-in-coin limestone within the Shansi Formation Late Permian. Liwaxia Formation (() Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1980, Regional Geology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by No.125 Team of Yinchuan Bureau of Petroleum Liwaxia in Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray sandstone, mudstone, and marl Early Cretaceous.

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Lixi Formation ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Lixi in Wuding County, Jiangxi Province For a series of yellowish green siltstone or muddy sandstone with interbeds of shale Mid Silurian. Lixi Group ())

Wu Genyao, 1985, Discovery of Nature, 4(2): 67-73 Lixi close to the vicinity of the boundary between Sichuan and Yunnan, Yunnan Province Mesoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classi-

fication.

Lixian Formation () Geograhpic name Lixian was Romanized as Lisian by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 268, chart 57 Lixian County, Sichuan Province For black chlorite schist, slate, black phyllite, schist and slate, and blue to black quartzite with interbeds of limestone Late Permian.

Lixuewei Formation (') Du Qiliang, 1986, Bulletin of Chengdu College of Geology, (1) Lixuewei close to Qiasi, Daocheng County, Sichuan Province For green schist, and leucogranulite Proterozoic.

Liyao Limestone (() Yu Jianzhang, Zhang Wentang, 1951, Chinese Science Bulletin, 2(6) Liyao close to Xinfatun, 17 km southwest of Yuquan, Acheng County, Heilongjiang Province For limestone Carboniferous-Permian.

Liyingjiang Formation ((+) The Group of Geological Survey and Exploration Co. of Liaoning Bureau of

Coal Field Management, 1965, Summary of Research on the Data of Kangping and Faku Coal-bearing Provinces, 2-8 Liyingjiang in Faku, Liaoning Province For purplish red shale, sandstone and conglomerate Late Jurassic.

Liyuankou Formation () Liyuankou Series Sun C C, 1936, On the stratigraphy of upper Huangho & Nan Shan region, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 75-86 Liyuankou, east of Qilianshan Mt., Gansu Province For green sandstone, clay and shale Cretaceous Synonym: Chingtuching Formation.

668

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lizhiwan Limestone (") Mu Enzhi, 1948, Geological Review, 13(1/2): 158 Lizhiwan close to Yulin Harbour, Hainan Province For limestone Devonian(?). Lizhuang Formation (( ) Lizhuang Group Zhou Shiquan, Han Jingcai, Zhang Yongcai, 1980, Henan Geology, (2):7-15 Lizhuang in Minggang, Xinyang City, Henan Province For alternating beds of grayish white, brownish red, brownish yellow rudite, sandstone, with interbeds of siltstone Eocene. Lizigou Formation (%) Hong Youchong, Sun Xiangjun, 1974, Acta Geologica Sinica, 48(2): 113-158 Lizigou in Fushun City, Liaoning Province A component formation of the Fushun Group, for grayish green tuffite with interbeds of tuffaceous breccia, tuffaceous sandstone, black shale and coal seams Paleocene Homonymous with Lizigou Shale. Lizigou Shale (%) Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China,

Beijing: Science Press, 142. First appeared in a 1942 manuscript by Chen Bingfan

Lizigou in Weiyuan County, Sichuan Province For shale Jurassic Homonym:

Lizigou Formation.

Lo’ao Formation () Loyao Series Hsu K C, Ting I, 1943, Geology & Tungsten deposits of southern Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (17) Luo’ao (Lo’ao), 13 km west of Yudu County, Jiangxi Province For purplish red with interbeds of bluish gray, greenish gray, grayish yellow and lateritic red feldspathic quartzose sandstone MidLate Jurassic. Loatien Limestone () Horizon calcaire de Lo-a-tien, Laoyadian Limestone Depart J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol. 1, fasc. 1, pt. 1, 106 Laodian (Loatien) in Chenggong County, Yunnan Province For limestone Mid Carboniferous. Locheng Formation () Locheng Limestone, geographic name Locheng was Romanized as Lotchen or Loching by the French (LSI) Yoh S S, 1929, Geology and Mineral Resources of Northern Kwangsi, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.II, pt.2, 59101 Luocheng (Locheng) County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For brown thin-bedded limestone with interbeds of shale Carboniferous. Lochia Cherty Beds ( ) Zhang Deren, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 256 Luojiashan (Lochiashan) between Sheshan and Guishan, Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province For brownish gray-black silicalite, with purple hard chert Permian.

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Lochiachung Formation () Lochiachung Series Hu Baisu, Cheng Shaoqi, Wang Taikui, 1938, Geological Review, 3(6): 593 Luojiachong (Lochiachung), northeast of Suining County, Hunan Province For grayish black thin-bedded limestone Early Ordovician.

Lochiashan Quartzite (  ) Lochiashan Quartzose Sandstone, Lochia Quartzite Yu C C, Kwo H C, 1948, Chihkan. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (8): 175 Luojiashan (Lochiashan) between Sheshan and Guishan, Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province For white quartzite, with conglomerate in the base Late Devonian Synonym: Wuchang

Sandstone.

Loching Limestone () Wang Zhenping, 1933, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, pt. II, 4(2): 20 Luojing (Loching) xu, Luoding County, Guangdong Province For light gray thin-bedded limestone Late Devonian.

Lochoueitong Formation ( ) Serie de Lo-chouei-tong Depart J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, pt.1, G´eologie G´enerale, 110 Luoshuidong (Lo-chouei-tong) in Yunnan Province.

Lochu Formation () Lochu Series Hsiung B H, 1940, Geological Review, 5(1/2): 38 Leju (Lochu) village, west of Kunming City, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of purple slate and sandstone Sinian.

Lofungchi Formation () Lofungchi Phyllite, geographic name Lofungchi was Romanized as Lofentsi by the French (LSI) Wang S W, 1930, Mining and Metallurgy, 4(13): 50 Luofengxi (Lofungchi), northwest of Ansha County, Fujian Province Composed mainly of phyllite, with a few quartzites, slates and quartz schists Sinian.

Lohanpo Formation () Geographic name Lohanpo was Romanized as Lokhanpo by the French (LSI) Sheng H F, 1940, Geological Review, 5(1/2): 87 Luohanpo (Lohanpo) close to Jinhekou, Ebian County, Sichuan Province For purple shale with interbeds of purple sandstone and quartzite Early Ordovician.

Loho Formation (!) Loho Sandstone, geographic name Loho was Romanized as Lokhe by the French (LSI) Fuller, Clapp, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34 Fuller, Clapp, 1927, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 38 Luohe (Loho), southwest of Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province For red thick-bedded quartzose sandstone Early Cretaceous.

670

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lohsienling Formation () Lohsienling Coal Series Tan C C, (1939) 1947, Contribution to Geology Institute of National University of Peking, (26) Luoxianling (Lohsienling) in Zixing County, Hunan Province For coal series Jurassic. Lojoping Formation () Lojoping Series, geographic name Lojoping was Romanized as Lojopin by the French (LSI) Hsieh C Y, Chao Y T, 1925, A Study of the Silurian Section at Lo Jo Ping, West Hupei, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(1): 39-44 Luoreping (Lo Jo Ping), 20 km northeast of Yichang City, Hubei Province For yellowish green calcareous siltstone, silty mudstone with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone and marls EarlyMid Silurian. Lok Ma Chau Formation () Williams M Y, 1943, Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, Third Series, 37(4): 93-117 Lok Ma Chau, southwest of Luohu Lake, close to the northwestern boundary of the New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionEarly Carbonifer-

ous.

Loling Formation () Loling Sandstone Tan H C, Wang S W, 1930 Geological Reconnaissance along the Projected Railway Line from Nanchang to Fuchow, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14) Luoling (Loling) Mountain, 15 km northwest of Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province For sandstone Permian. Lomi Sandstone ( ) Lomi Sandstone Series Wang Y L, Hsiung Y H, Wu H C, 1938, Preliminary Report of National Geological Survey of China, (9) Lomi in Lushan County, Guizhou Province For sandstone Early Ordovician. Longan Formation () Zong Keng, Kuang Guodun, 1992, in Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resource ed., 1992, Stratigraphy of Guangxi, China, pt. 2, Carboniferous of Guangxi, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Longan in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous. Long’anchang Shale () Long’anchang Purple Shale Ma T C, Wang Y C, 1947, Geological Review, 12(6): 575-586 Long’anchang between Guang’an County and Yuechi County, Sichuan Province For purple shale Late Jurassic. Longba Formation () No.2 Element of Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhongdian Sheet Longba in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, northwestern Yunnan Province For sericite quartz schist, with interbeds of quartzose siltstone and black carbonaceous slate Sinian.

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Longbeixi Formation () Longbeixi Quartz Carbonate Rocks Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jian’ou Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Fujian Institute of Geology Lonbeixi in Jian’ou County, Fujian Province For a component formation within the Jian’ou Group Neoproterozoic. Longbie Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pu’er Sheet Longbie in Dashuigou Township, Luchuan County, Yunnan Province A component formation of the Mojiang Group, for timbered marls, black silicalite, mudstone and siltstone Early Devonian. Longchang Member () Wang Yigang, 1983, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 22(2) Longchang in southwestern Guizhou Province For alternating beds of thin-bedded limestone and shale Late Triassic Longchang Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Longchuan Formation () Qian Fang, 1977, Proceedings of Quaternary Glacial Geology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Longchuan in Yunnan Province Pliocene. Longdan Formation (') Jin Chuntai et al., 1989, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (11) Longdanxi, east of Erlangshan Mt., western Sichuan Province For gray knotty limestone, dolomitic and muddy limestone and calcareous mudstone Early Silurian. Longdongchuan Formation () No.3 Division of Institute of Geology of Chinese Academy of Geological Sci-

ence, 1963, Fossils Handbook of Qinling Mt., Beijing: Geological Publishing House

Longdongchuan in Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province For limestone Late

Permian.

Longdonggou Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:1 200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Longdonggou in Shaanxi Province For siltstone and limestone Mid Devonian. Longdonghe Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 200 000 Scale Geological Map: Simao Sheet Longdonghe close to Bi’an, Jinggu County, Yunnan Province For grayish green, grayish purplish tuffite, andesite, volcanic breccia, siltstone, and radiolarian-bearing silicalite Late Carboniferous.

672

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Longdongshui Formation ( ) Longdongshui Member Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1964, Chinese Science Bul-

letin, (9). First appeared in a manuscript by No.104 Yunnan and Guizhou Petroleum Exploration Team Longdongshui village, close to Houershan, 10 km east of Dushan County, Guizhou Province For muddy limestone, marls, limestone, dolomite and clay Mid Devonian. Longfengkan Formation ( ) Hong Youchong, Yang Ziqiang, Wang Shitao, et al., 1974, Acta Geologica Sinica, 48(2): 113-123 Longfengkan in Liaoning Province Early Cretaceous.

Longgang Group () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 12 Synonymous with Anshan Group.

Longge Formation () Liang Dingyi, Nie Zetong, Guo Tieying, Zhang Yizhi, Wang Weiping, 1982, Geological Review, 28(3): 245-246 Longge close to Duoma’oula, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone Early Permian Synonymous with

Tashiliqkol Formation.

Longguling Formation () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 260 Longguling in Hengkou, Ankang County, Shaanxi province For clay, sandy clay, silt, fine-grained sands and sandy gravel beds Pleistocene. Longguozhapu Formation ( ) No.3 Geology Team of Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1995, Explanatory Text for 1:1 200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet Longgu-

ozhapu, west side of Ran-Cha highway, 47 km northwest of Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dolomite, limestone with interbeds of slate and dolomitic limestone Early Devonian.

Longha Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:1 1000 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxiang Sheet (Yunnan Part) Longha village, close to Tianpeng, Funing County, Yunnan Province For dolomitic limestone, muddy banded limestone with interbeds of siltstone and dolomite Mid Cambrian Longha Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-

lithostratigraphic meaning.

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Longhai Formation (1) (  1) Yin Jixiang, Fang Zhongjin, 1973, Marine Jurassic in Western Yunnan, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1973(3): 217-236 Longhaizi pool, 2 km north of Mengga area, 30 km southwest of Mang City (Luxi County), Yunnan Province For yellow calcareous shale, yellowish green shale, sandy shale and siltstone Mid Jurassic Homonym: Longhai Formation (2).

Longhai Formation (2) (  2) Tong Yongfu, 1985, An outline of the Quaternary deposits of Fujian Province, Quaternaria Sinica, 6(1): 106-111 Longhai County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province For yellow muddy sand and gravel with interbeds of yellow clay, white clay with interbeds of rudite Pleistocene Homonymous with Longhai Formation (1).

Longhuo Formation (1) Lin Yingtang, Wu Shizhong, 1988, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 27(5): 565-582 Longhuo in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous.

Longjiahe Formation () Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1983, Atlas of Paleontology of

Northwest China (Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia)(II), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Longjiahe in Shaanxi Province Devonian. Longjiang Formation (1) ( 1) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Wang Wuli et al. Longjiang County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks, volcanic breccias with interbeds of sedimentary rocks Early Cretaceous Homonym: Longjiang Formation (2).

Longjiang Formation (2) ( 2) Longmen Formation (Xu Shouyong et al., 1979) Guangdong Bureau of Ge-

ology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 103. Substituted Longmen Formaton for Longjiang Formation (2) Longjiang in Longmen County, Guangdong Province For light gray, yellow, and purplish red sandstone, siltstone and shale, with interbeds of calcareous shale and siltstone (i.e. original Longmen Formaton) Early Carboniferous Homonymous with Longjiang Formation (1); New name: Longmen Formation. Longjiayuan Formation () Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, 1959(11): 32-39 Longjiayuan village in Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For dolomite Mesoproterozoic.

674

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Longjie Sandstone ( ) Longjie Silt Bien M N, 1940, Geology of the Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 20(1): 23-32 Longjie Town, north of Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of grayish green, grayish yellow, grayish white

massive thick-bedded siltstone and thin-bedded silt, with interbeds of black clay occasionally Pleistocene. Longjing Formation ( )

No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:1 200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guiyang Sheet Longjing close to Wudang, Guiyang City, Guizhou province For the part of strata body contains distinctive

coral fauna within the upper part of the local original Huanghuachong Formation

Late Ordovician Longjing Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with

biostratigraphic meaning.

Longjingquan Gravel ( ) Guizhou Working Team of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, 1977, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 303 Longjingquan in Duyun County, Guizhou Province For gravel Pleistocene. Longkang Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 219. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Deng Yongfu Longkang close to Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan Province For an exotic block within the Tazang Group Mid Triassic Longkang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Longkou Formation () Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 198-199. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Gong Jingxian Longkou in Huangxian County, Shandong Province For the part of strata with a distinctive spore and pollen assemblage within the lower part of the local original Huangxian Formation Eocene Longkou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning.

Longli Formation () Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Raoyuan Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Zhao Hushen Longli in Jinping County, Guizhou Province For sandstone with interbeds of sandy slate Neoproterozoic.

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Longlinqiao Formation ( ) Longlinqiao Member Qin Feng, Gan Yiyan, 1976, Acta Geologica Sinica, 50(1): 74-98 Longlinqiao, 28 km south of Lixian County, Gansu Province For car-

bonaceous slate with interbeds of limestone within the upper part of the original Yushuping Formation Late Devonian.

Longma Member () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yin Baoan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (45), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 149 Longma in Hechi District, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region A component member of the Sidazhai Formation, for mudstone with interbeds of silicalite Early Permian.

Longmaigou Formation (>) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 236. First appeared in a manuscript by Lei Yizhen Longmaigou in Fangxian County, Hubei Province For alternating beds of brownish red gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone and brown silty mudstone, with interbeds of yellow gravel-bearing sandstone Paleocene. Longmen Formation () Longjiang Formation (Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988) Xu Shouyong, Lin Jiaxing, 1979, Development of Research on Stratigra-

phy of Central-South China, Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources

Longmen County, Guangdong Province The same to the Longjiang Formation Early Carboniferous Substitute name of Longjiang Formation (2); See

Longjiang Formation (2).

Longmendian Formation () Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 20. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by No.2 Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Longmendian in Luoning county, Henan Province For a component formation of the Taihua Group Archean.

Longmendong Formation () Chen Junyuan, Zhou Zhiyi, Lin Yaokun, et al., 1984, Memoirs of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (29) Longmendong in Longxian County, Shaanxi Province For shale, limestone and sandstone Mid Ordovician Synonymous with Pingliang Formation.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Longmenka Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Longmenka, west of Qiangtang, Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red conglomerate and sandstone, with a few mudstones Neocene.

Longmenyuan Formation ($) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of

Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 154. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by No.4 Element of Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Longmenyuan in Lujiang County, Anhui Province For the part of strata of volcanic rocks of Late Jurassic within the lower part of local original Zhuanqiao Formation Late Jurassic Longmenyuan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Longmucuo Formation ( ) Longmucuo Group Zhang Binggao, 1984, in The Integrated Scientific Expe-

dition of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Longmucuo in Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone with interbeds of marls and purple sandstone Late Carboniferous-Early Permian.

Longpan Formation ( ) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing Sheet Longpan in Langya District, Chuxian County, Anhui Province For the component subdivision of the Langyashan Formation Late Cambrian Longpan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Longpu Formation () Ye Meina, Li Baoxian, 1982, Subdivision and Correlation of the Jurassic Flora-

bearing Strata in China, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ed., 1982, Stratigraphic Correlation Charts in China with Explanatory Text, Beijing: Science Press, 241-243. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by He Dechang Longpu village in Meiyuan District, 20 km southwest of Yunhe County, Zhejiang Province For alternating beds of conglomerate and sandstone Mid Jurassic. Longquan Formation ( ) Pei Fang, Cai Shuhua, 1987, Conodonts of Ordovician of Henan, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Longquan in Xichuan County, Henan Province For conodont-bearing carbonate rocks Early Ordovician Homonymous with

Longquan Group. Longquan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

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Longquan Group ( ) Longquan Metamorphic Complex Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team,

1983, The Sinian Systen in northwestern Zhejiang Province, Regional Geological Survey of Zhejiang, (2) Longquan County, southeastern Zhejiang Province Sinian-Early Paleozoic Homonym: Longquan Formation. Longshan Formation () Joint Team of Jiangsu and Anhui Regional Geological Survey Teams, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuzhou Sheet Longshan in Jiangsu Province Neoproterozoic.

Longshan Formation (1) ( 1) Longshan Front Slope Sandstone, Longshan Sandstone, Changlongshan Formation (Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, 74, 109) Qiao

Xiufu, 1976, Investigation on Stratigraphy of the Chingpeikou Group of the Yenshan Mountains, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1976(3): 246-264. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by Hao Yichun Longshan in Shisanling, Changping County, Beijing Muncipality Dealing with a component formation within the Qingbaokou Group, for gray, brownish red, and green quartzose sandstone, with thin-bedded paper shales in the top and gravel-bearing sandstone and conglomerate in the base Neoproterozoic Changlongshan is not a geographic name, and can not be used to name this stratigraphic unit. Homonym: Longshan Formation (2). Longshan Formation (2) ( 2) No.1 Xijiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Kanxiwa to Heweitan of Karakunlun District Longshan, west of Kulehu of Heweitan, Western Kunlun Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray limestone, muddy limestone, parti-coloured conglomerate, with interbeds of volcanic rocks locally Mid Jurassic Homonymous with Longshan Formation (1). Longshoushan Group (!) Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 10. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Longshoushan in Shandan County, Gansu Province For the sum of Qilingou Formation, Baijiazui Formation, Tazigou Formation and Shijingkou Formation Pre-Mesoproterozoic. Longtangou Formation (1) ( 1) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang District Longtanggou in Xichuan County, Henan Province Dealing with a component formation within the local Yaolinghe Group, for gneiss and schist Palaeoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Longtangou Formation (2) ( 2) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 20. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by No.2 Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Longtangou in Luoning County, Henan Province For a component formation of the Taihua Group Archean.

Longtankeng Formation ( ) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 142. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team Longtankeng in Puning County, Guangdong Province For sedimentary volcanic rocks Jurassic. Longtanqiao Basalt () Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yushuo, 1984, Chronological study of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 30-37 Longtanqiao in Jilin City, Jilin Province Dealing with the basalt within the lower part of the first terrain Holocene. Longtanshan Speleothem ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 264 Longtanshan close to Dayucun, 11 km south of Chenggong County, Yunnan Province For yellow, yellowish green sinter, brownish red gravel-bearing calcareous mudstone Pleistocene. Longtou Formation ( ) No.8 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:350 000 Scale Geological Map of Guizhou Province Longtou village, 2 km north of Qingyan, Huaxi Town, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For reef plain sediments Mid Triassic. Longtou Formation (1) ( 1) Longtou Manganese Series Chu Yinong, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(3): 379 Longtou, southwest of Yishan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Gray, grayish black limestone with interbeds of manganese beds Late Carboniferous Homonym: Longtou Formation (2). Longtou Formation (2) ( 2) Li Jianhai et al., 1994, New lithostratigraphic units established in Fujian Province, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51): 325-347 Longtou

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village in Hucun Township, 24 km northeast of Ninghua County, Fujian Province For volcanic breccia Sinian Homonymous with Longtou Formation (1). Longtouping Formation () Zheng Weizhao, Liu Guanliang, Wang Xiongwu, 1991, Bulletin of Yichang Insti-

tute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (16) Longtouping in Yichang County, Hubei Province For a subdivision classified by isotopic age in Donghe Formation Archean Loingtouping Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Longtoushan Formation ()

Wang Changyi, Liu Xuegui, Hu Furen, 1966, Acta Geologica Sinica, 46(2): 163172 Longtoushan in Tongling County, Anhui Province Mid Triassic Homony-

mous with Longtoushan Group.

Longtoushan Group () Longtoushan Sandstone Luo S W, Chiang R, 1944, Special Report of Mineral Survey of Kuichow, (19) Longtoushan in Zhenfeng County, Guizhou Province For quartzose sandstone and conglomerate with interbeds of sandy mudstone and coal seams Late Triassic Homonym: Longtoushan Formation.

Longtouzhai Group () No.761 Nanling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1959, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shaoguan Sheet Longtouzhai in Qujiang County, Guangdong Province For grayish green, light gray, yellowish brown shale, gray limestone and grayish green, purplish red sandstone and sandy shale Early Ordovician Synonymous with Shixing Group.

Longwan Formation (1) ( 1) Longwan Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-654 Da Longwan village and Xiao Longwan village, close to Yaoziyu, northeast of Benxi City, Liaoning Province For coal series Late Carboniferous Homonym: Longwan Formation (2).

Longwan Formation (2) ( 2) Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Zhang Zhongying, Zong Yongqiang, 1986, Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 8(3) Longwan in Guangdong Province Holocene Homony-

mous with Longwan Formation (1).

Longwanggou Formation () Li Yaoxi, Song Yongsheng, Zhou Zhiqiang, Yang Jingyao, 1975, Early Palaeozoic

Stratigraphy in Western Dabashan Mountain, Beijing: Geological Publishing House

Longwanggou close to Wulangba, Nanzheng County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of dolomitic sandstone, quartzose sandstone and shale Early Cam-

bria

680

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Longwangmiao Formation () No.2 Petroleum Geological Survey Team of Ministry of Geology, 1963, Preliminary Report of Research on Mesozoic Stratigraphy of Tieling District, 3-28 Longwangmiao close to Dadianzi, Tieling County, Liaoning Province For conglomerate, sandstone and breccia Early Jurassic. Longwangzhuang Formation (1) (

 1) No.1 Petroleum Geological Survey Team of Ministry of Geology, 1962, General Report of Geological Survey of Rongyang Basin in Shandong Province Longwangzhuang in Shandong Province For parti-coloured sandstone Early Cretaceous Homonym: Longwangzhuang Formation (2). Longwangzhuang Formation (2) (

 2) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaomi, Qingdao, Lingshan Sheet Longwangzhuang Town in Laiyang City, Shandong Province For grayish purple, grayish green sandstone, rudite, mudstone and marls Early Cretaceous Homonymous

with Longwangzhuang Formation (1). Longxi Beds ()

Zheng Honghan, 1985, in Liu Tungsheng et al., 1985, Loess and the Environment, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 99 Longxi County, Gansu Province For loess Holocene.

Longxi Formation () Wei Xiuze, Xiao Chengxie, Chen Shenggao, Yu Tao, 1966, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(1): 65-76 Longxi, 2 km northeast of Hanjiang River, Yongxin County, southeastern Jiangxi Province For black siliceous slate Mid Ordovician. Longyan Formation () Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Fujian Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by No.5 Fujian Geology Team Longyan County, Fujian Province Early Permian. Longyangxia Group () Longyangxia Series Chen Qingxuan, Li Yulong, Bulletin of Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (1): 209-235 Longyangxia in Guide County, Qinghai Province For the sandy and muddy flysch with interbeds of lava and volcanic clastic rocks Early Triassic. Longyin Formation (,) Longyin Beds No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shuicheng Sheet Longyin village,

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28 km east of Puan County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of yellowish brown mudstone, quartzose sandstone, limestone and marls Early Permian. Longyou Group () Longyou Series Liu Hongyun, Sha Qing’an, 1963, Proceedings of Western Zhejiang Science Meeting of Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Longyou County, Zhejiang Province For the sum of Zhitang Formation and Leigongwu Formation Mid-Late Sinian.

Longyu Formation () Sun Dazong, Shi Shimin, 1959, Acta Geologica Sinica, 39(3): 305-317 Longyu in Zhongtiao Mountain, Shanxi Province For slate Proterozoic.

Longzhang Formation (%) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Dian-QianGui Institute of Petroleum Geology Longzhang in Guangnan County, Yunnan Province For mudstone and siltstone, with interbeds of limestone and silicalite Early Triassic. Loping Formation ( ) Loping Epoch, Loping Horizon, Loping Series (Grabau, 1931), Lopingian (Huang T K, 1932) Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.1, Palaeozoic

and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 469, 472, 498 Leping (Loping) County, Jiangxi Province For a coalbearing measure Late Permian Lopingian Series was adopted as the international chronostratigraphic series (Epoch) name of Upper Permian in International Stratigraphic Charts by International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), 2004. Loping Limestone () Ting V K, 1947, Report of Geological Survey, Nanking, National Geological Survey Luoping(Loping), northwest of Duyun County, Guizhou Province For limestone Ordovician.

Loshankuan Formation () Loshankuan Limestone, geographic name Loshankuan was Romanized as Loouchangouan or Louchan by the French (LSI) Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Geosci.

Dept. Inst. Liberal Arts, National Chekiang University, (1): 12. First appeared in a manuscript by Ting V K Loushanguan (Loshankuan) between north of Zunyi County and south of Tongzi County, Guizhou Province For dolomite Mid-Late Cambrian.

682

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Loshui Formation ( ) Chialoshui Sandstone Member (Song K C, 1990) Chan H F, 1974, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (24): 141-146 Loshui (today Chialoshui), east of Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan Province  For alternating beds of sandstone, shale and sandy shale Miocene Synonym: Chialoshui Sandstone Member.

Lossuchai Limestone (%) Wang Y L, Hsiong Y H, 1938, Preliminary Report of National Geological Survey, (8): 3 Luosizhai (Lossuchai) in Wongxiang, 40 km east of Lushan County, Guizhou Province For limestone Mid Ordovician.

Losueh Formation () Losueh Limestone, geographic name Losueh was Romanized as Losioueb by the French (LSI) Meng H M, 1947 Chihkan Nat. Res. Geol. Inst. Nanking, (17) Luoxue (Losueh) close to Dongchuan County, Yunnan Province For siliceous limestone, dolomite and light yellow marble Presinian.

Lotopo Sandstone (4 ) Norin E, 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 49 Luotuobo valley, West Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For sandstone Permian.

Lotoshan Formation () Saito S, 1938, Report of Inst. Geol. Surv. Manchuria, (93): 53 Luotuoshan (Lotoshan), 13 km northwest of Fuzhou, Liaoning Province Proterozoic.

Lotungpu Limestone (() Lotungpu Limestone Series Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1) 1915, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.22, 159-162 Luotongbu (Lotungpu), west of Jiande County, Zhejiang Province Composed of limestone, slate and sandstone Late Palaeozoic.

Lotzukou Formation () Lotzukou Series Uwatoko K, 1933, Report on the oil-shale deposits in the

neighborhood of Taltzu, Helung Hsien, Chilin Province, No.3 Team, Defence Mineral Survey in Manchuria Luozigou (Lotzukou), northeast of Wangqing County, Jilin Province Early Cretaceous.

Loudoushan Member (?9) Luodoushan Parti-coloured Rock Member Jilin Regional Geological Survey

Team (Liu Guoliang), 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shulan Sheet Loudoushan in Jiutai County, Jilin Province A component member of Lujiatun Formation, for purple, yellowish gray sandstone, graywacke, and conglomerate Late Triassic.

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Loulan Beds () Wang Wenxian, 1986, A study on the development history of the Quaternary De-

posits of the Lopnur Lake and its adjacent area, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 75-86

Loulan Ancient City located at the lower reaches of the Kungque river, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For light yellow loess, with interbeds of grayish blue or gray sands and clay Pleistocene.

Lounan Formation () Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2(2): 91162. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang Yuelun Lunan (Lounan) County, Yunnan Province For limestone Carboniferous-Permian Synonymous with

Bolila Formation; Homonymous with Lunan Clay. Loutang Formation ( )

Shanghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Shanghai Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.16], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Shanghai Hydrological Geology Team Loutang in Jiading County, Shanghai Municipality For light gray, yellowish gray silty fine- to coarse-grained sands with interbeds of clay Holocene. Louzeyu Formation (&) Wang Xingwu, Guo Liqing, 1979, Regional Geological Survey of Shanxi, (2) Louzeyu village in Wuxiang County, Shanxi Province For yellow, light purple sands, with interbeds of clay, with gravel-bearing sand beds in the base Pleistocene.

Louziba Formation () Louziba Group Compiling Group for Fujian Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, 1983, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Fujian Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Louziba in Changding County, Fujian Province For metamorphic fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, siltstone, phyllite and slate Sinian.

Loyao Formation See Lo’ao Formation. Luanchuan Group ( ) Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Luonan Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript “Henan Stratigraphy” by Henan Institute of Geology Luanchuan County, Henan Province For siliceous limestone, dolomitic limestone and siliceous marble, with interbeds of black Carbonaceous schist and white quartzite, included Zhuyuangou Formation and Nannihu Formation or the sum of Baishugou Formation, Sanchuan Formation, Nannihu Formation and Meiyaogou Formation Neoproterozoic.

684

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Luanduizi Formation (@) Yan Zhiqiang, 1994, Journal of Stratigraphy, 18(1): 30-38 Luanduizi in Haiyuan District, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Proterozoic.

Luanniba Formation (@) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luolong Sheet, Qamdo Sheet Luanniba in Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone Late Triassic Synonymous with Bolila For-

mation.

Luanping Group (A ) Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality, and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Luanping County, Hebei Province Dealing with the local Johol (or Jehol) Group, included Dabeigou Formation and Xiguagou Formation Cretaceous. Luanshanzi Formation (@) Luanshanzi Beds Wang Wenxian, 1986, A study on the development history of the Quaternary Deposits of the Lopnur Lake and its adjacent area, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 75-86 Luanshanzi located at the lower reaches of Shule River, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For sands, clay, and gavel Pleistocene. Luanshicun Formation (@) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Field Trip Team of Beijing College of Geology Luanshi village in Lanxian County, Shanxi Province A component formation of the Lanxian Group, for metamorphic conglomerate and quartzite Palaeoproterozoic. Luanshidui Limestone (@) Mu Enzhi, 1962, The Silurian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 10-11. First appeared in a manuscript by Li Pu, Xu Daoyi & Li Kang, Li et al.’s paper was published in 1963 Luanshidui in the northern slope of Laohugoudaban, Menyuan County, Qinghai Province For white limestone, black thin-bedded muddy limestone, yellowish green sandstone and sandy shale Mid-Late Silurian Synonymous with Luanshigou Limestone. Luanshigou Formation (@) Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shennongjia Sheet Luanshigou, 1 km west of Jiuchong, Honghua area, Shennongjia District, Hubei Province A component formation of

the Shennongjia Group, for dolomite, dolomitic breccia, tuffaceous siltstone and muddy dolomite Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Luanshigou Limestone.

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Luanshigou Limestone (@) Song Shuhe, 1959, Acta Geologica Sinica, 39(2): 135-146 Luanshigou in Menyuan County, Qinghai Province For limestone Mid-Late Silurian Synonym: Luansidui Limestone; Homonym: Luanshigou Formation. Luanshijiao Formation (@=) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoxing Sheet Luanshijiao close to Shilama of Jintang, Kangding County, Sichuan Province For light crystalline limestone Late Carboniferous. Luanshishan Formation (@) Feng Mingdao, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Suoerkuli Sheet Luanshishan in Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A component formation of the Suo’erkuli Group, for quartzose sandstone, calcareous fine-grained sandstone, siliceous siltstone, with interbeds of siliceous limestone and limestone lenticle Mesoproterozoic. Luanxian Group (A) Department of Geology and Geography, Peking University, 1978, in Proceedings of Study of Rich Iron Mine Luanxian County, Hebei Province Dealing with the iron-bearing amphibolite within the original Dantazi Group distributed in Luanxian County, Lulong County and southern Qian’an County Archean Homonym: Luanxian Sandstone. Luanxian Sandstone (A ) Geographic name Luanxian was Romanized as Louansian by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 219, chart 47 Luanxian County, Hebei Province For sandstone PermianTriassic Homonymous with Luanxian Group. Lubagou Formation (B) Sun Guangyi, 1980, Devonian of Luoda District in Western Qinling Mountain Luobagou, 8 km northwest of Luoda, Diebu County, Gansu Province For gray slate, marls with interbeds of limestone and fine-grained sandstone Mid Devonian.

Lubanchiao Quartzite ( ) Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & Southern Kansu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (19) Lubanqiao (Lubanchiao) between Shawan and Lengpuzi, Wenxian County, Gansu Province For quartzite Silurian-Devonian. Lucaogou Formation (' ) Yaomoshan Formation (Xiang Dingpu, 1958) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lucaogou close to Cangfanggou, in Yamalike Hills (Yaomoshan), west of Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region New name to substitute Yaomoshan Formation (2) Late Permian.

Lucaotan Formation (' ) Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fangshankou Sheet Lucaotan in Dunhuang County, Gansu Province A component formation of Sangejing Group, for carbonate rocks and volcanic rock Mid-Late Devonian.

Luchai Formation () Luchai Series Fong C L, 1929, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.II, pt.2, 37-38 Luzhai (Luchai) County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For shale and sandstone with interbeds of limestone Carboniferous.

Luchang Beds ( ) Luchang Red Beds Zhang Yunxiang, 1958, Geological Monthly, 1958(6). First appeared in a manuscript by Tang Kecheng & Sun Boming Luchang in Limahe river, Huili County, Sichuan Province For red beds Jurassic-Cretaceous.

Lucheng Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qichun Sheet Lucheng in Hubei Province Sinian.

Luchiachiao Formation () Luchiachiao Series Hou T F, Wang H H, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2); Hou T F, 1939, Geological Review, 4(6): 423-434 Lujiaqiao (Luchiachiao), east of Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For quartzite, clay, quartzose sandstone and limestone, with conglomerate in the base Ordovician.

Luchuan Shale ("-) Tien C C, 1938, Geological Review, 3(4): 400 Luquan (Luchuan) in Yunnan Province For black shale Late Devonian.

Luda Group (C) Luda Series Yu Jianzhang et al., 1958, Proceedings of the Summary of Basic Data of Chinese Geology, (4), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Lvda (Luda) District, Liaoning Province For the sum of Huangnichuan Formation, Waitoushan Formation, Lungwangtang Formation and Chagou Formation Neoproterozoic.

Luding Formation () Li Fuhan,Qin Jiaming, Shen Yulian, et al., 1988, Presinian of the Xikang-Yunnan District, Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House Luding County, Sichuan Province For a component formation of the Kangding Group Archean.

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Lufeng Group ("&) Lufeng Series, geographic name Lufeng was Romanized as Loufyn by the French (LSI) Bien M N, 1940, Preliminary observation on the Cenozoic geology of Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 20(2/4): 179-304 Lufeng County, Yunnan Province, For green, purple shale with interbeds of red sandstone, with yellowish white thin-bedded calcareous beds and marls beds Late Triassic. Lufeng Formation (&) Nanhai Institute of Oceanology, 1978, Quaternary Geology of South China Coast, Beijing: Science Press Lufeng County, Guangdong Province Dealing with the brownish red, yellow sands located at the place with benchmark of 10-20 m Pleistocene-Holocene. Lufengtsun Formation ("&) Lufengtsun formation Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, vol.2, 91-162 Lufengcun (Lufengtsun), southwest of Lunan County, Yunnan Province For limestone and sandstone Mid Devonian.

Lugezhuang Formation (" ) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang City, Weifang City and Xiyou Sheet. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Cao Guoquan, Ai Xiansen and Zhang Chengjing Lugezhuang in Laishan Town, Muping County, Shandong Province A component formation of the local Jingshan Group, for schist, marble and pyroxenite Palaeoproterozoic. Lugou Formation () Cai Kaidi, 1993, Acta Geologica Gansu, Supplement. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by Li Peixian Lugou close to Shezigou, Sunan County, Gansu Province For arkose with interbeds of purple sandstone, gravel-bearing sandstone, conglomerate with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone Early Triassic. Lugou Formation () Ning Qisheng, Tang Kedong, 1959, Geological Monthly, 1959(8) Lugou in Halaha River District, Da Hinggan Mountains, Heilongjiang Province For phyllitic shale and siltstone Silurian-Early Devonian.

Lugu Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Lugu in Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the Local Permian System in Gerze Early Permian Lugu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Luguhu Formation (1) (5 1) Chen Dingchang, 1983, Yunnan Geology, 2(3): 219-226 Luguhu Lake located at the boundary between Sichuan and Yunnan, southwest of Zuosuo, Yanyuan County,

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sichuan Province Dealing with the original Lichiang Beds (Misch P, 1947)(i.e. the lower part of original Lamei Formation), for purplish red sandy shale, yellowish green mudstone with interbeds of dolomite and limestone Early Triassic Homonym:Luguhu Formation (2). Luguhu Formation (2) (5 2) Dong Zhizhong, 1986, Yunnan Geology, 5(4): 411-419 Luguhu Lake located at

the boundary between Sichuan and Yunnan, east of Yongning, northwest of Ninglang County, Yunnan Province For purplish gray and light gray limestone Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Luguhu Formation (1).

Lugumo Formation (%) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 10. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.3 Yunnan Geology Team Lugumo in Yunnan Province For a component formation within the Yuanmou Group Palaeoproterozoic.

Luhe Formation (0) Liuhe Formation (An incorrect original orthography) Bi Zhiguo, Yu Zhen-

jiang, 1977, First discovery of mammal remains from Upper Tertiary Deposits near Nanking, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 15(2): 126-138 Liuhe County, 20 km north of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For the mammal-bearing rudite beneath the Lingshan Basalt of Lingyanshan locally Miocene Synonymous with Yuhuatai Formation; Luhe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Luhuitou Formation ()) Zhao Xitao, Peng Gui, Zhang Jingwen, 1979, A preliminary study of Holocene

stratigraphy and sea level changes along the coast of Hainan Island, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1979(4): 358-372 Luhuitou in Yaxian County, Hainan Province For grayish white coral conglomerate and sands Holocene. Luhuo Gravel Beds ()) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 301 Luhuo County, Sichuan Province For sands and gravel Pleistocene.

Lujiagou Formation () Zhang Zhenlai, Kong Fansong, 1987, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (4),Triassic-Jurassic Period, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Lujiagou in Hubei Province Mid Triassic.

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Lujiaomiao Formation () Hu Xuezhi, 1992, Shanxi Geology, 7(4) Lujiaomiao village in Kuantan Township, Fanshi County, Shanxi Province For the quartzite in the middle part of Nantai Formation of Lvcun Group Archean.

Lujiaping Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Lujiaping, 3 km south of Wamiao Township, Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For siltstone, carbonaceous shale, and

crystalline limestone, with interbeds of silicalite, siliceous slate and coal seams Sinian-Cambrian. Lujiatun Formation (') Liu Guoliang, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shulan Sheet Lujiatun in Lujia Township, Jiutai County, Jilin Province For tuffa-

ceous conglomerate and sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone, marls and gypsum, composed of Yingbishan Conglomerate Member and Lujiatun Member Early Triassic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Lujiatun Member. Lujiatun Member (') See Lujiatun Formation. Lujiayao Limestone (') Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 160 Lujiayao in Datong City, Shanxi Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Lujiazhai Member (D) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Lujiazhai, 25 km north of Dushan County, Guizhou Province Dealing with gray dolomitic limestone and muddy limestone, with interbeds of limestone, calcareous mudstone and carbonaceous siltstone within the upper part of local Dushan Formation (i.e. original Wangchengpo Formation) Late Devonian Lujiazhai Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Lukungchiao Formation () Lee Y Y, 1944, Salt deposits of Szechuan, Mem. Geo. Surv. China, ser.A, (18): 113 Lugongqiao (Lukungchiao), north of Wutongqiao, Sichuan Province For sandstone and shale Cretaceous.

690

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lulehe Formation () Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Zhu Xia Lulehe in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For purplish red, grayish brown conglomerate, sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone Eocene. Luliang Formation () Liu Hongyun, Xiong Jiayong, Cai Zongbai, et al., 1983, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1983(2): 103-114 Luliang County, Yunnan Province For conglomerate, grayish yellow, grayish white gravel-bearing sandstone with interbeds of muddy siltstone and tuffite Sinian. Lulong Group (') Wang Qichao, Zhang Shaoqing, Qi Honglie, 1994, Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources of North China, 9(1): 51. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Li Zhizhong, Bai Yiuliang & Gu Delin Lulong County, Hebei Province For a series of metamorphic rocks distributed in Luanxian Archean. Luma Formation () No.2 Part of Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mojiang Sheet Luma in Yunnan Province Late Triassic.

Luma Formation () Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, Fang Dawei, 1964, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1964(11) Luma village, close to Sipaixu, Luzhai County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For marls with interbeds of dark gray limestone Early Devonian. Lumeiyi Formation () Zheng Jiajian, Tang Yingjun, Zhai Renjie, Ding Suyin, Huang Xuesi, 1978, Paleocene Stratigraphy of Lunan Basin, Yunnan, in Proceedings of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (7), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 22-29 Lumeiyi in Lunan County, Yunnan Province For purplish red, brownish red, grayish white and garish black sandy mudstone, with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Paleocene Lumeiyi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Lumenssu Limestone () Yu C C, Shu W P, 1929, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol., (8): 98 Lumensi (Lumenssu) located at the eastern bank of Hanjiang River, 20 km southeast of Xiangyang County, Hubei Province For thin-bedded limestone, with alternating beds of limestone and green shale Cambrian. Lumuwan Formation () Lumuwan Group Guangdong Bureau of Geology, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Hainan Island Lumuwan in Zhan County,

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Hainan Province For red coarse-grained clastic rocks Mid Cretaceous. Lunan Clay () Lunan Series Thorp J, 1936, Geography of the Soils of China, Special Soils Publication, ser.B, (1), published by National Geological Survey, Nanking (see Young C C, Bien M N, 1939, Geological Review, 4(3/4): 171) Lunan County, Yunnan Province For red clay Pleistocene Homonym: Lounan Formation. Lunan Formation () Lunan Red Series Feng Jinglan, Li Pu, 1943, Bulletin of Geolology of Tsinghua University, 1(4): 341 Lunan County, Yunnan Province For red sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone Eocene Homonymous with Lunan Clay.

Lunan Limestone () Wang C C, Lu C H, 1940, Kweishan Coal Field, Lusi & Lunan District, YunnanLunan County, Yunnan Province For fusulinid limestone Carboniferous Homonymous with Lunan Clay. Lunasi Formation (&) Luo Huilin, 1984, Sinian System of Meishucun, Jinning County, Yunnan Province, China, Boundary-Stereotype of Sinian-Cambrian, Kunming: Yunnan People’ s Publishing House Lunasi in Jinning County, Yunnan Province Sinian. Lungchiakou Formation () Lungchiakou Coal Series Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central and Southern Kansu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (19): 1-72 Longjiagou (Lungchiakou), 45 km north of Wudu County, Gansu Province For coal series Late Per-

mian.

Lungchih Clay (#) Lungchih Red Beds Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 475 Longchi (Lungchih) in southern Fujian Province For red clay Tertiary. Lungching Formation ( ) Lungching Series, geographic name Lungching was Romanized as Ryusei by the Japanese Nisida S, 1940, Geologic Sheet Map and Text: Lung-ching, 1:150 000 Scale, Geological Institute of Manchukuo Longjing (Lungching) village in Yanji Chaoxian Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province For reddish brown sandy shale, tuffaceous sandstone and breccia, with interbeds of andesite lava and limestone, with conglomerate and coarse-grained sandstone in the base Early-Mid Cretaceous. Lungchipu Formation () Lungchipu Series Li C, Chu S, 1933, Note on the Stratigraphy of the Environs of the Mapping City, Central Kwangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.13, 215-232

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Longxipu (Lungchipu) in Longxi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For alternating beds of thin-bedded limestone and shale Late Devonian.

Lungchow Formation () Lung-Chow Gravel Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34; 1927, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol.38 Longzhou (Lungchow, today Longxian) County, Shaanxi Province For conglomerate Cretaceous. Lungchuankuan gneiss (  ) Yang Kiek, 1936, Quelques observations Geologiques du Hsischuan, nord-ouestde Peiping, China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(2): 247-268 Longquanguan (Lungchuankuan) in Jianping County, Hebei Province For augen gneiss Archean. Lungfengshan Formation ( ) Lungfengshan Series Sun C C, 1936, On the stratigraphy of the upper Huangho & Nan Shan Region, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 75-86 Longfengshan (Lungfengshan, today Hongqishan), north of Dalachi (today Honghui), northeast of Jingyuan County, Gansu Province For alternating beds of conglomerate, sandstone and shale Early Jurassic. Lunghuashan Formation () Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2(2) Longhuashan (Lunghuashan) in Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of yellowish green, purplish red, yellowish white sandstone, mudstone and shale Early Devonian Synonym: Tzuifengshan Formation. Lunghuyen Limestone () Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 479 Longhuyan (Lunghuyen) in western Guangdong Province For black shale and thin-bedded muddy limestone Presilurian. Lungkouchung Formation () Lungkouchung Beds Tien C T, Wang H C, Hsu Y T, 1933, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (15): 15 Longkouchong (Lungkouchung), 35 km west of Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of sandstone, thin-bedded sandstone and shale Late Devonian. Lungkouling Limestone () Yeh L F, Li C, 1924, Bulletin of Geological Survey Diary of Anhui, (11): 3 Longkouling (Lungkouling) in Tongling County, Anhui Province For limestone Triassic. Lungling Formation () Lungling Beds Wang C C, 1920, On the geology & coal resources of the district of Chi-an, An-fu and Yung Hsin in Kiangsi Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (2) Longling (Lungling) village, north of Aocheng County, Jiangxi Province For

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black shale with thin-bedded coal seams and garish white limestone Precarboniferous. Lungma Limestone () Hayden H H, Burrand S G, 1907-1908, A sketch of the geography and geology of the Himalaya Mountain and Tibet, pt. I-IV Longma (Lungma) grasslands, south of Kangpa County, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone Mid Jurassic.

Lungmachi Shale () Lungma Shale Lee J S, with assistance of Chao Y T, 1924, Geology of the

Gorges Area of the Yangtze from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(3/4): 350-392 (revised as Lungmachi Shale in 1943, see Yin T H, 1943, Geological Review, 8(1/6): 4) Lungmachi, southeast of Zigui County, Hubei Province For black shale Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Homonymous with Lungma Shale. Lungmen Formation (1) ( 1) Lungmen Series Wang C C, Chi Y S, 1933, The coal field of Mentoukou, west of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 12(1/4): 399-412 Longmen (Lungmen), northeast of Mentougou, West Hills, Beijing Municipality Early Jurassic Homonym: Lungmen Formation (2). Lungmen Formation (2) ( 2) Kobayashi T, 1942, Jour. Geogr. Soc. Tokyo, 54(643) Longmen (Lungmen),

41 km northwest of Huolongmen, southwest of Aihui County, Heilongjiang Province

Devonian Homonymous with Lungmen Formation (1).

Lungmonn Formation () Lungmonn Schichten Richthofen F von, 1882, China, bd.II, Berlin, Dietrich Reimer, 792Longmen (Lungmonn) Grottoes in south of Luoyang City, Henan Province For alternating beds of oolitic limestone and clayey shale Cambrian Homonymous with Lungmen Formation (1).

Lungpapu Formation () Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Atlas for Geology of Sichuan Province & Eastern Sikang (text in press & the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections), Sheet 25 Longbapu (Lungpapu), 18 km southeast of Luding County, Sichuan Province Devonian. Lungpochai Formation () Sun C C, 1934, Geology of the Yuhsien and Mihsien Coal Field, Honan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (24) Longpozhai (Lungpochai) close to Longtan between Yuxian County and Mixian County, Henan Province Presinian.

Lungshan Formaton () Lungshan Series Hsieh C Y, 1925, Science, 9(10) Longshan (Lungshan) in Gansu Province Early Palaeozoic.

694

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lungshan group () Lungshan Series Chu T H, 1928, A preliminary report on the geology and mineral resources of Kuei, Hung, Yung Chun, Yung Ning, and Ping Yang Districts, Kwangsi Province, Ann. Rep. Geol. Sruv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (1): 1-23 Longshan village, north of Guxian County (today Guigang County), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For parti-coloured thick-bedded phyllite, phyllitic shale, quartzite, quartzose sandstone, slate, and mica schist Cambrian-Silurian. Lungtan Formation (1) ( 1) Lungtan Coal Series Ting V K, 1919, Geology of the Yangtze below Wuhu, Shanghai Harbour Investigation, ser. I, (1): 1-83 Longtan (Lungtan) Town, 25 km east of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For a coal series with interbeds of a layer of limestone (Lungtan Limestone) in the middle part Late Permian Homonym

with the same name and subordinate relationship: Lungtan Limestone. Lungtan Formation (2) ( 2)

Sun C C, 1934, Geology of the Yuhsien and Mihsien Coal Field, Honan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (24) Longtan (Lungtan) close to Mixian County Coal Field, Henan Province Proterozoic Homonymous with Lungtan Formation. (1).

Lungtan Limestone () Lee J S, Chu S, 1930, Notes on the Chihsia Limestone and its associated formations, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 9(4): 37-44 Longtan (Lungtan) Town, 25 km east of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For a layer of limestone within the middle of the Lungtan Formation (1) Late Permian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Lungtan Formation (1); Name oblitum. Lungtankai Formation ( ) Xiong Bingxin, 1940, Geological Review, 5(1/2): 28-40 Longtanjie (Lungtankai), west of Kunming City, Yunnan Province Mid Sinian.

Lungti Schist () Wang S W, 1930, Mining and Metallurgy, 4(13): 48 Longdi (Lungti) in Ninghua County, Fujian Province For schist Proterozoic. Lungtou Formation () Lungtou Stage Matsushita S, 1934, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., Inouye Commemoration Volume, 342; 1935, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., 8(2) Longtou (Lungtou) village, southwest of Yinggeshi, Dalian City, Liaoning Province For quartzite Proterozoic. Lungtouao Sandstone ( ) Lee Y Y, 1940, Geological Review, 5(6): post p.506, pl.II; 1944, Salt deposits of Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (18) Longtouao (Lungtouao), northwest of Jianwei County, Sichuan Province For sandstone Jurassic.

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Lungtoushan Quartzite ( ) Zhang Yunxiang, 1958, Geological Monthly, (6). First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Fan Chengjun Longtoushan(Lungtoushan) in Dongchuan County, Yunnan Province For quartzose sandstone Presinian. Lungtsutung Speleothem ( ) Wang K M, 1931, Nat. Res. Bull. Inst. Geol., (1) Longzuidong (Lungtsutung) in Hantianfan, close to Dachen village, 13 km north of Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province For speleothem Pleistocene. Lungtung Formaton () Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (9): 1-48 Longdong (Lungtung) ridge in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province Late Devonian. Lungwan Basalt () Asano G, 1941, Bull. Geol. Surv. Manchuria, (103): 38 Longwan (Lungwan) in eastern Liaoning Province For blackish multihole olivine basalt Pleistocene.

Lungwangmiao Formation () Lu Yenhao, 1941, Lower Cambrian stratigraphy & trilobite fauna of Kunming, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 21(1): 71-90 Longwangmiao (Lungwangmiao) in West Hills of Kunming City, Yunnan Province For light gray, greenish gray, dark gray muddy and siliceous limestone with interbeds of calcareous shale Early

Cambrian.

Lungwangtang Formation ( ) Lungwangtang Stage Matsushita S, 1935, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., 8(2) Longwangtang (Lungwangtang), 15 km northeast of Lvshun City, Liaoning Province For quartzite Proterozoic. Lungwassuho Group (() Lungwassuho Series Liu Tungsheng, 1955, Geological Knowledge, 1955(5): 23 Longwusihe (Lungwassuho) in Xunhua County, Qinghai Province For dark gray slate, sandstone and conglomerate with interbeds of limestone Early Triassic. Lungyen Limestone () Lungyen Limestone and Dolomite Beds Hsu R L, Chiang R, 1932, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, 1 (4), Longyan (Lungyen), north of Liantan, Yunan County, Guangdong Province For grayish white to dark grayish blue limestone and dolomite with interbeds of thin-bedded red shale Ordovician.

Lunjiao Member (<) Zhang Jiefang, 1988, Fossils and their ages in the massif of Baizushan mountain, Regional Geology of China, (4): 326-331 Lunjiao in Sanshui County, Guangdong Province Dealing with a component member within the Baizushan Formation, for mudstone, siltstone Early Cretaceous.

696

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lunpola Group () Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Lunpola Basin in northern Tibet Autonomous Region For yellowish green, light green mudstone with interbeds of gray shale and gray paper shale, with alternating beds of shales and mudstone in the base Pliocene. Lunshan Formation () Lunshan Limestone Ting V K, 1919, Geology of the Yangtze below Wuhu, Shanghai Harbour Investigation, ser. I, (1): 1-83 Lunshan, 18 km northeast of Jurong County, Jiangsu Province For light gray to dark gray thin-bedded to massive dolomitic limestone Early Ordovician. Luo Formation () Berkey C P, Morris F K, 1924, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, vol.51, Art.v, 115 Luo River in the southern part of Ushik Hills, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For olivine green and brown clay Miocene. Luobadui Formation (!=) Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Luobadui in Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region For marble with interbeds of volcanic rocks Permian. Luobaduishuiku Member (! ) Wang Yujing, Mu Xinan, 1981, in Liu Dongsheng ed., 1981, Proceedings of Symposium on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Beijing, China), Geological and Ecological Studies of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, vol. 1, Geology, Geological History and Origin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Science Press Luobadui Reservoir in Gandisinianqing Tangula District, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with a component member within Luobadui Formation, for massive limestone Early Permian. Luobian Member () Zhang Xianqiu, 1984, Division and biota of the Luofozhai Group in the Pingling

Section of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 239-254

Luobian in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For a component member within the local Baoyue Formation Paleocene.

Luoburi Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Luoburi in Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic. Luobusha Group (1) ( 1) Tibet Integrative Geology Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Luobusha in Qusong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red conglomerate, sandstone, shale with interbeds of tuffite Oligocene-Miocene Synonymous with Kailas Group; Homonym: Luobusha Group (2).

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Luobusha Group (2) ( 2) Luobusha Ophiolite Group Liu Shikun, Teng Yun, 1997, in Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xia Daixing, Liu Shikun ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (54),Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Tibet Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 211 Luobusha in Qusong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For ophiolite Triassic-Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Luobusha Group (1).

Luobutong Formation () No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Luobutong in Ranniao Township, Basu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray, grayish white calcareous quart-

zose sandstone, with interbeds of limestone, slate with interbeds of sandstone, black limestone marls with interbeds of silicalite and shale Late Carboniferous.

Luochuan Loess (!) Susumu Nishimura, Miao Jianyu, Sadao Sasajima, 1984, in Sadao Sasajima,

Wang Yongyan ed., 1984, The Recent Research of Loess in China, Wako Printing Ltd., 69 Luochuan County, Shaanxi Province For loess Holocene.

Luocun Formation () Northeastern Jiangxi Geology Team, 1977, Geological Information of Northeastern Jiangxi, (1) Luocun in Xiaxi Township, Guangfeng County, Jiangxi Province For yellowish green siltstone, silty mudstone and mudstone, with interbeds of black silicalite, marls and tuffite Mesoproterozoic.

Luocun Formation (%) Yao Zhaogui, 1992, in Zhong Keng, Wu Yi, Yin Baoan, et al., 1992, Stratigraphy of Guangxi, China, pt.1, Devonian of Guangxi, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 136 Luocun, 2 km north of Beiliu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone and reef limestone Mid Devonian.

Luodang Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 17. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Zhang Hongkang & Li Chengyan Luodang in Huili County, Sichuan Province For grayish white quartz schist with interbeds of marble lenticles Palaeoproterozoic. Luoding Formation () No.762 Team of Guangdong Bureau of Geology, 1960, Report of Integrative Geological Survey of Luoding, Guangdong, Cenxi, Guangxi Luoding County, Guangdong Province For red clastic rocks Early Cretaceous.

698

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Luoduan Formation () Pan Jiang, Wang Shitao, et al., 1978, Continental Devonian of South China, in

Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 258. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Zhou Dianchao Luoduan close to Shaokeng, Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province For grayish white, grayish yellow and grayish purple quartzose arkose with interbeds of siltstone Mid Devonian. Luofozhai Group ( )

Zhang Yuping, Tong Yongsheng, 1963, Subdivision of “Red beds” of Nanhsiung Basin, Kwangtung, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 7(1): 249-262 Luofozhai in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For dark brown, purplish red, grayish green silty mudstone, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone Cretaceous.

Luofu Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nandan Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by No.5 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Luofu Township, 20 km south of Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For black carbonaceous mudstone, muddy siltstone with interbeds of sandstone and siliceous limestone Mid Devonian. Luofushan Sandstone ( ) Feng Jinglan, Zhang Baisheng, 1952, Report of Geology and Mineral Resources of Western Henan, Kaifeng Department of Central-South China Geological Survey Luofushan (i.e. Pingdingshan) in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province For sandstone Early Permian Synonymous with Pingdingshan Sandstone. Luogong Formation (!) Lin Baoyu, 1984, Early Carboniferous Favorites Fossils in Xainza, Tibet, in Editorial Commission of Geological Proceedings of Himalaya Mountain, 1984, One of 1981 Results of China-France Cooperation Expedition of Himalaya Geology, Geology of Himalaya-II. Beijing: Geological Publishing House Luogong in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the part of coral-bearing limestone within the local Chaguoluoma Formation (limestone) Early Carboniferous Luogong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Luohandong Formation (1) ( 1) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 117, chart 40. First appeared in a 1952 manuscript by Zhang Geng & Tian Zaiyi Luohandong (Luohantung), east of Jingchuan County, Gansu Province For brownish red, purplish red, yellow sandstone, dark purple muddy sandstone with interbeds

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of siltstone, sandy mudstone, shale and fine-grained conglomerate Early Cretaceous Homonym: Luohandong Formation (2). Luohandong Formation (2) ( 2) Songshan Team, Wuhan College of Geology, 1977, The Precambrian Deformation History and Paleo-structureal Types of the Songshan Area, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1977(2): 105-117. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Wuhan College of Geology Luohandong in Dengfeng County, Henan Province For quartzite Palaeoproterozoic Synonymous with Sungshan Quartzite; Homonymous with Luohandong Formation (1). Luohanling Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Luohanling in Hubei Province For a component formation of the Daguling Group Mesoproterozoic. Luohe Formation (E) Tang Kedong, Su Yanzheng, 1966, Acta Geologica Sinica, 49(1): 14-28. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Zhang Guohua & Peng Yunbiao Luohe in Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province For yellowish green calcareous sandstone, siltstone, tuffite, limestone lenticle and parti-coloured conglomerate with interbeds of quartzite-andesite Late Ordovician. Luohe Group (!) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976 (or 1977), Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuchang, Pingdingshan Sheet Luohe in Henan Province Sinian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Luohong Formation (!) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 33. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team Luohong close to Dongwang, Deqing County, Guangdong Province For grayish white, grayish yellow conglomerate, rudite and gravel-bearing sandstone Ordovician. Luohong Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Puer Sheet Luohong in Luchun County, Yunnan Province For black banded marls with interbeds of blackish gray calcareous shale, and muddy diatomite Early Devonian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Luojia Member () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 208 Luojia close to Zhangjiaping, Leiyang County, Hunan Province A component member of the Zhangjiaping Formation, for alternating beds of quartzose sandstone and shale Early Triassic. Luojiadashan Formation () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaguan Sheet Luojiadashan in Xiangyun County, Yunnan Province For siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, mudstone and shale Late Triassic. Luojiahe Formation ($) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangzhou Sheet Luojiahe in Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province Dealing with the strata which originally called the Xinghongpu Formation. Luojiamen Formation () Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhuji Sheet Luojiamen village in Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province For gravel-bearing sandstone with interbeds of volcanic clastic rocks, sandstone, mudstone, siliceous mudstone, with interbeds of basalt Neoproterozoic. Luojingtan Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 222. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by No.106 Team of North China, Ministry of Petroleum Luojingtan in Yichang City, Hubei Province For grayish red, purplish red, gray rudite with interbeds of siltstone Late Cretaceous. Luojiucun Group () Luojiucun Formation Guo Fuxiang, 1973, Regional Geology of Western Yunnan, (1) 13-23 Luojiucun in Weishan County, Yunnan Province For the sum of Waigucun Formation, Sanhedong Formation and Waluba Formation Late Triassic. Luokedong Formation () Luokedong Conglomerate Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiushui Sheet Luokedong ( i.e. Laohadong) close to Panshanzui, Luoxi Township, Wuning County, Jiangxi Province For volcanic clastic rocks with interbeds of volcanic lava Proterozoic.

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Luokeng Formation ( ) Li Jianhai, Wang Guoping, Zheng Tieli, Liang Sijing, 1994, New lithostratigraphic units established in Fujian Province, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51): 325-347 Luokeng village in Lijia Township, Qingliu County, Fujian Province For a series of sandy and muddy rocks Permian. Luokongsongduo Formation () Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Luokongsongduo in Sichuan Province Late Triassic.

Luokou Formation (!) No.1 Shandong Geology Team, 1988, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangqiu Sheet Luokou in Shangdong Province Holocene.

Luolika Formation (!) Ji Liuxiang, 1994, On the problem of the definition of the Fenghuoshan Group in theTanggula Mountain area, Qinghai, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51): 374-380 Luolika in Zaduo County, Qinghai Province For yellow, gray limestone with interbeds of tuffite, siltstone and chalk Early Cretaceous. Luoling Formation () Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Luoling in Tongcheng County, Anhui Province For purplish red, grayish purple, dark yellow quartzose sandstone, siltstone and silty shale, with coarse-grained sandstone and conglomerate in the base Mid Jurassic. Luolou Formation () Luolou Beds, geographic name Luolou was Romanized as Loloou by the French (LSI) Zhao Jinke, Zhang Wenyou, In Zhang Wenyou, trans., 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co., 160 Luolouxu, 60 km east of Lingyun County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For dark gray thick-bedded and thin-bedded limestone with interbeds of shale Early Triassic. Luomai Formation (>) Bai Shunliang, Jin Shanyu, 1982, Devonian Biostratigraphy in Guangxi and Adjacent Areas, Beijing: Peking University Press Luomai in Dale Township, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For marls and mudstone Early Devonian. Luomian Formation (!) Zhou Xiyun, Zhai Zhiqiang, Xian Siyuan, Oil & Gas Geology, 2(2): 123-140 Luomian close to Wengxiang, 15 km north of Kaili County, Guizhou Province

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Dealing with the part of conodont-bearing and shelly facies fossils marls, cal-

careous mudstone with marl and limestone lenticle within th local Wenghsiang Formation Early Silurian Luomian Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Luoming Formation ( ) Weng Jinyao et al., 1986, Carsologica Sinica, 5(3): 165-174 Luoming in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Late Devonian.

Luonan Group (!) Qiu Shuyu, Liu Hongfu, 1982, Bulletin of Northwest University, Precambrian Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For the sum of Youjiayuan Formation, Xunjiansi Formation, Duguan Formation and Fengjiawan Formation Mesoproterozoic Homonym: Luonan Diamictite.

Luonan Diamictite (!) Luonan Tillite Liu Youmin, Wang Guizeng, 1987, Bulletin of Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (14) Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For purplish red clay, muddy gravel and gravel Pleistocene Homonymous with Luonan Group.

Luopingshan Formation ( ) Sha Shaoli, 1998, Yunnan Geology, 17(4): 1-16 Luopingshan in Eryuan County, Yunnan Province For dolomitic limestone with interbeds of quartz schist, quartz schist with interbeds of metamorphic graywacke and phyllite Neoproterozoic.

Luoquan Formation (1) (. 1) Wang Yuelun, 1963, Acta Geologica Sinica, 43(2): 116-140. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Liu Chang’an & Lin Weixing Luoquan village in Mangchuan Township, Linru County, Henan Province For the original Linru Diamictite Late Sinian Synonymous with Linru Diamictite.

Luoquan Formation (2) (. 2) Guan Baode, Pan Zecheng, Geng Wuchen, Ge Zhiquan, Du Huiying, 1980, Sinian

Suberathem in the Minor Qinling Range in Shaanxi Province, in Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 288-313 Luoquan village in Linru County, Henan Province For muddy conglomerate, stratiform muddy gravel and sandy conglomerate within the lower part of original Linru Diamictite (or original Luoquan Formation (1)) Late Sinian Homonymous with Luoquan Formation (1); Linru Diamictite is still the valid name. Luoquan Formation (1) is the junior synonym of the Linru Diamictite, it should be abandoned. While the Linru Diamictite is subdivided into two subdivisions, the abandoned name Luoquan Formation (2) can not be adopted to name any subdivisions.

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Luoquanwan Formation (.) Jin Chuntai et al., 1989, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (11) Luoquanwan in Sichuan Province For dark gray to grayish black sandy mudstone and muddy sandstone Early Silurian.

Luoquanzhan Formation (.) Wang Youqin, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laoheishan Sheet, Fuluoxiluofu Sheet Luoquanzhan village in Laoheishan Township, Dongning County, Jilin Province For rhyolitic and andesitic volcanic rocks with interbeds of tuffite Late Triassic.

Luoranggou Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangla Sheet Luoranggou 30 km north of Songpan County, Sichuan Province For gray, dark gray muddy limestone and limestone Early Triassic. Luoshigou Formation (1) ( 1) No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Surve Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Kanxiwa, Western Kunlun Mt.-Heweitan, Karakulum Mt. District Luoshigou in Pishan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone with interbeds of sandstone Mid Devonian Homonym: Luoshigou Formation (2). Luoshigou Formation (2) ( 2) Liu Shikun, Zhang Jiandong, Chen Tingen, 1986, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 25(5): 491-506 Luoshigou, northwest of Chagou, Pishan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish yellow and purple knotty limestone with interbeds of mudstone beds Mid Ordovician Homonymous with Luoshigou Formation (1); New Name: Beiluoshigou Formation. Luosipo Member (%) Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 259 Luosipo in Sanchahe District, Guizhou Province A component member of local Lungtan Formation, for dark gray, grayish green calcareous siltstone, silty claystone with interbeds of cherts or limestone lenticles Late Permian. Luotang Formation ( ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangrao Sheet Luotang in Jiangxi Province Early Cretaceous Synonymous with Ganzhou Formation.

704

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Luotian Formation () Zhang Qiusheng ed., 1980, Metamorphic Stratigraphy of Eastern Qinling Mt., China, Changchun: Jilin People’s Publishing House Luotian in Shaanxi Province Sinian

Luotuofeng Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 78 Luotuofeng in Wenxi County, Shanxi Province A component formation of the Tungkuangyu Group, for metamorphic rhyolite and tuffite Archean. Luotuogou Formation () No.11 Element of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baiyushan Sheet Luotuogou in Baiyushan, Hami County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating

beds of yellowish brown, gray conglomerate, coarse-grained sandstone and arkose, with interbeds of black limestone, marls, fine-grained sandstone and calcareous and carbonaceous shale Early Permian. Luotuoling Formation ()

Xing Yusheng et al., 1982, Upper Precambrian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Luotuoling, north of Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For the local called “Lungshan Sandstone” Mesoproterozoic New name for Lungshan Sandstone.

Luotuopan Formation (&) Luotuopan Quartzite Wang Zejiu, Geological Review, 21(2): 107 Luotuopan, east of Puyu village of Yanshi, Songshan County, Henan Province For gravelbearing quartzite, shale and marls Proterozoic.

Luotuoshan Formation () No.2 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Boketu Sheet Luotuoshan, 3 km northeast of Wunuer, Heilongjiang Province For grayish green metamorphic quartzose sandstone, phyllitic calcareous slate, siltstone, with interbeds of limestone Early De-

vonian.

Luowan Gravel (!) Guizhou Working Team of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, 1977, Regional Strati-

graphical Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 338 Luowan Basin, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For yellow gravel Pleistocene.

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Luowen Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shiwandashan Sheet Luowen village in Rongxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For purplish red conglomerate, sandstone and sandy mudstone Late Cretaceous. Luowu Diamictite () Luowu Tillite Kuo W K, Yeh C C, 1942, Special Report of Southwest China Department of Mineral Resources Exploration, (26) Luowu in Qiaojia County, Yunnan Province For diamictite composed of gravel, mud, sands and clay Pleistocene. Luoxia Formation () Nan Yi, 1994, Guangdong Geology, 9(4) Luoxia in Xinyi County, Guangdong Province For quartzose phyllite with interbeds of volcanic rocks, epidoce rocks, dioposide rocks and spark Mesoproterozoic. Luoyachushan Formation () No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingxingxia Sheet Luoyachushan in Subei County, Gansu Province For alternating beds of quartzose arkose, quartzite, and siliceous porphyry, with interbeds of limestone and rudite Early-Mid Ordovician.

Luoyang Formation (!) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet Luoyang City, Henan Province For parti-coloured rudite with interbeds of marls Neocene. Luoyang Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 259 Luoyang close to Dongmenqian, Chenxi County, Hunan Province For yellowish brown thick-bedded conglomerate, rudite with interbeds of sandstone lenticle and copper-bearing sandstone Neocene. Luoying Formation () Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang District Luoying in Xichuan County, Henan Province For gray, black gravel-bearing siltstone and fine-grained sandstone Late Cretaceous. Luoyu Group (!) Guan Baode, Pan Zecheng, Geng Wuchen, Rong Zhiquan, Du Huiying, 1980, Sinian Suberathem in the Northern Slope of Eastern Qinling Ranges, in North China Institute of Geology ed., 1980, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 288-312. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Henan

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Institute of Geology Luoyukou in Henan Province For the sum of Cuizhuang Formation, Sanjiaotang Formation and Luoyukou Formation Neoproterozoic. Luoyukou Formation (!) Luoyukou Beds Yan Lianquan, Han Jingshan, 1952, Report of Geology and Resources of Western Henan, Kaifeng Department of Central-South China Geological Survey Luoyukou in Ruyang County, Henan Province For purple thickbedded or thin-bedded limestone with interbeds of shale, purplish red with white dolomitic limestone, and with chert nodule-bearing banded limestone in the upper part Proterozoic Luozhuang Subformation ( ) Chen Jinbiao et al., 1980, Research on Sinian Suberathem of Jixian, Tianjin, in North China Institute of Geology ed., 1980, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 56-114. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Tianjin Integrative Geology Team, Hubei Bureau of Geology Luozhuang in Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For a component subformation within the Wumishan Formation Mesoproterozoic. Luquan Formation (.) Yang Jingzhi et al., 1962, The Carboniferous of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Ye Zhizheng Luquanzi, 3 km southeast of Mingcheng station, Pamshi County, Jilin Province For gray, grayish brown, and black shale with interbeds of sandstone and thin-bedded limestone Early Carboniferous Synonym: Luquantun Formation. Luquantun Formation (.) Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River

Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol. 1, Beijing: Science Press, 94-109. First appeared in a manuscript by Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team and Changchun College of Geology Luquantun (or Luquanzi), 3 km southeast of Mingcheng station, Pamshi County, Jilin Province For gray, grayish brown, and black shale with interbeds of sandstone and thin-bedded limestone Early Carboniferous Synonymous with Luquan Formation. Lure Formation () Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources and No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhuoni Sheet Lure close to Dangduo valley, 24 km northwest of Diebu County, Gansu Province For limestone with interbeds of calcareous and sandy shale and calcareous siltstone Mid Devonian. Lure Formation () Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Research on Regional Stratigraphy of Yangcuoyong District, Southern Tibet, Contribution to the Geology of the

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Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-20 Lure close to Yangcuoyong lake, Tibet Autonomous Region Early Jurassic. Lushan Boulder Beds (F') Meng H M, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res. Geol. Inst. Nanking, (10): 55 Lushan in Jiangxi ProvinceFor brownish yellow clay and boulder beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Lushan Schist. Lushan Formation (') Wang Zhi, Lin Yuancan, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songpan Sheet Lushan in Yaan County, Sichuan Province For orange

red, brownish red mudstone, with interbeds of yellowish green muddy siltstone Oligocene.

Lushan Formation ()) Lushan Limestone Wang Y L et al., 1938 Preliminary Report Nat. Geol. Surv. China, (9): 3 Lushan in Kaili County, Guizhou Province For dolomite and siliceous limestone Late Cambrian Synonymous with Loshankuan Formation. Lushan Schist (F) Lushan Schiefer Richthofen F von, 1912, China, bd.III, 566a, 582A, 585, 589, 686, 687, 713A, 721, 721A3, 736, 739, 740. First appeared in a manuscript by Loczy L Von Lushan in Jiangxi Province For mica schist, hornblende schist, mica garnet schist Presinian Homonym: Lushan Boulder Beds. Lushangshuwen Formation (F$ ,) Lushangshuwen Shale and Sandstone, Lushangwen Formation, geographic name Lushangshuwen was Romanized as Louchanchoufen by the French (LSI) Hsieh C Y, 1933, Note on the Geology of Changsintien Tuoli Area, Southwest of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 12(1/4): 512-532 Lushangshufen (Lushangshuwen), West Hills, Beijing Municipality For shale and sandstone Cretaceous. Lushi Formation (D#) Lushi Beds Zhou Mingzhen, Ye Xiangkui, 1957, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 1(3) Lushi County, Henan Province For alternating beds of brownish red gravelbearing sandy mudstone and conglomerate Eocene. Lushu Formation ("$) Liu Hongyun et al., 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press, 57-93 Lushu close to Chouniugou, Tianzhu County, Gansu Province For coal-bearing strata Early Carboniferous. Lushuihe Formation ( ) Zhang Renjie, Meng Fansong, Zhang Zhenlai, 1982, Triassic Stratigraphy of Southeastern Hubei, Bulletin of Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,

708

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (5) Lushuihe in Puqi County, Hubei Province For gray limestone with interbeds of muddy limestone Mid Triassic. Lusi Sandstone ( ) Li Hongmo, Wang Shangwen, 1941, Geological Review, 3(1/2): 54. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang C C, Ho C S Luxi (Lusi) County, Yunnan Province For red sandstone Early Triassic.

Lutsen Gneiss ( ) Meng H M, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking., (10): 52-78 Lucun

(Lutsen) close to Shuikou village, southeast of Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province For gneiss Preordovician. Lutun Slate ( ) Meng H M, et al., 1947, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (17) Ludun (Lutun) in Dongchuan County, Yunnan Province For light green slate and quartzite Presinian. Lutzukou Formation (D) Lutzukou Beds Zdansky O, 1923, Fundore der Hipparion um Pao Te Hsien in Northwestern Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (5) Luzigou (Lutzukou) in Baode County, Shanxi Province For dark gray mudstone with interbeds of white limestone and yellow sandstone, with conglomerate in the lower part Pliocene. Luwangfen Formation (G,) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Early Pliocene Stratigraphy of Luwangfen, Xinxiang, Henan, Regional Geological Survey of Shaanxi Luwangfen in Xinxiang City, Henan Province For alternating beds of purplish red, red claystone and white marls, with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone and rudite Pliocene.

Luweigou Formation (')) Xu Chaolei, 1980, Geological Information of Shanxi, (3) Luweigou, north of Tongshan Town, Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province A component formation of the Jiangxian Group, for gneiss Palaeoproterozoic. Luxi Formation (G) Hu Rongmin, 1976, Ordovician of Yunnan, Yunnan Institute of Geology Luxi County, Yunnan Province For dolomite with interbeds of muddy siltstone Ordovician. Luyang Formation () Qian Lijun, Bai Qingzhao, Xiong Cunwei, et al., 1987, Mesozoic Coal-bearing Stratigraphy of South China, Beijing: Coal Industry Press. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Luyang in Huaihua County, Hunan Province For conglomerate, purplish red muddy sandstone, sandy mudstone and grayish white quartzose sandstone Mid Jurassic.

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Luzhangzi Formation () Bai Jin et al., 1984, in Sun Dazong et al., Precambrian Geology of Eastern Hebei, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press Luzhangzi, 5 km southwest of Shuangshanzi, Qinglong County, Hebei Province A component formation of the local Shuangshanzi Group, for amphibolite, leptynite, quartz schist and phyllite Palaeoproterozoic. Luzhijiang Formation (

!)

Zhang Jingren et al., 1956, Report of Calculating Reserves of Yimen Copper Mining, (1) Lvzhijiang (Luzhijiang) in Yimen County, Yunnan Province For dolomite Presinian.

Luziqing Formation (') Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Luziqing in Changning County, Yunnan Province For purplish red, grayish green silty mudstone, with interbeds of siltstone Mid Jurassic. Luziwa Formation (') Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Luziwa in Shanxi Province Cretaceous.

Luzuitou Formation (') Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Luzuitou village in Pushang Township, Wutai County, Shanxi Province For the lower part of Pushang Formation of the Wutai Group Archean. Lvcun Formation (H) Lvcun Group Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yadong Sheet Lvcun in Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray, black slate and phyllite Early-Mid Triassic. Lvdouzhuang Formation ( 7 ) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Lvdouzhuang in Yunnan Province Mid Devonian. Lvhe Formation (H) Teaching and Research Room of Coal Field Geology of Wuhan College of Geolgy, 1981, Coal Field Geology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 149. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Southwestern Institute of Geology Lvhe Town, Chuxiong County, Yunnan Province For coal-bearing strata Pliocene.

710

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Lvjiaxinzhuang Formation (H ) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 58. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team Lvjiaxinzhuang in Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For alternating beds of quartzose sandstone and slate Mid Cambrian. Lvjiayu Formation () Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 22. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by No.1 Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Lvjiayu in Yanshi County, Henan Province For a component formation of the Taihua Group Archean. Lvliangshan Loess (H ) Lvliangshan Huangtu Liu Tungsheng, Chang Tsunghu, 1964, The ”Huangtu” (Loess) of China, Report of the 6th International Congress on Quaternary, Warsaw, Poland, 1961, vol. IV: Symposium on Loess Lvliangshan in Shanxi Province For loess Pleistocene. Lvshun Group (C) Wang Dongpo, Li Quan, 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, North China Institute of Geology, 175-178 Lvshun in Lvshun-Dalian District, Liaoning Province For the sum of Shanggou Formation and Xiaogushan Formation Sinian.

Lvtang Formation (H ) Hou Hongfei, Xian Siyuan, 1975, Early to Middle Devonian Brachiopods of Guangxi and Guizhou, Proceedings of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (1) Lvtang in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region  For dolomite Early Devonian. Lvtiaoshan Formation ( ) No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongliudaquan Sheet Lvtiaoshan in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous. Lvxi Group () Pan Guang, 1979, Chinese Science Bulletin, (6) Lvxi in Liaoning Province Jurassic.

Lvyintang Volcanics (

- )

Lvyintang Metamorphic Volcanics Sha Shaoli, 1998, Yunnan Geology, 17(4): 1-16Lvyintang in Diancangshan Mt., Dali City, Yunnan Province For metamorphic volcanic rocks Palaeozoic(?).

M Ma’an Formation () Ma’an Coal Series, Ma’anshan Formation Lee C, Hsu C, Ma C T, 1937, Hubei

Team of Geology & Mineral Resources Survey, published by Construction Department of Hubei Province Ma’anshan, south of Changyang County, Hubei Province For coal-bearing strata Early Permian. Ma’anliang Formation () No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Leikoupo Sheet Ma’anliang in Sichuan Province Mid Triassic.

Ma’anliao Formation () Geographic name Ma’anliao was Romanized as Ma’anryo by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K, 1935, Explanatory Text of Geological Map of Taiwan: Tosei Sheet Ma’anliao in Taichung County, Taiwan Province Composed mainly of sandstone and intercalated with sandstone and shale Miocene.

Ma’anshan Beds () Ma’anshan Sandstone, geographic name Ma’anshan was Romanized as Ma’anchan by the French (LSI) Zhang Youzheng, 1957, Geological Review, 17(3): 313 Ma’anshan close to Shuikoushan, Changning County, Hunan Province For sandstone Late Permian Homonymous with Ma’anshan Clay.

Ma’anshan Clay () Geographic name Ma’anshan was Romanized as Ma’anchan by the French (LSI) Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press & the

atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets and 5 sheets of geological sections), Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (15): sheet 38 & sheet 41 Ma’anshan, 2 km north of Ziliujing (today Zigong City), Sichuan Province For red mudstone Cretaceous Homonym: Ma’anshan Limestone, Ma’anshan Formation (1), (2), (3), Ma’anshan Beds. Ma’anshan Formation (1) ( 1) Ishizaki K, 1942, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 32(220-226) Ma’anshan, south of Pingtung County, Taiwan Province Pliocene Homonymous with Ma’anshan Clay.

Ma’anshan Formation (2) ( 2) Wang Zejiu, 1963, Bulletin of Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, ser.A, (1) Ma’anshan in Foguang Township, Yanshi County, Henan Province For sandstone Proterozoic Homonymous with Ma’anshan Clay.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Ma’anshan Formation (3) ( 3) Li Zuoming, 1987, Preliminary introduction to the geology of Hong Kong, Guangdong Geology,, 2(1): 29-48 Ma’anshan mining in New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For silty shale, sandstone with interbeds of limestone Devonian Homonymous with Ma’anshan Clay; New name: New Territories Formation. Ma’anshan Limestone () Hsu R L, 1937, Geological Review, 2(4): 368 Ma’anshan in Qujiang County, Guangdong Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Synonymous with Mapa Limestone; Homonymous with Ma’anshan Clay. Ma’anshancun Formation () Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yuzhuo, 1984, Chronological study of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 30-37 Ma’anshancun in Changbai County, Jilin Province For the part of strata below the denuded surface within the Ma’anshan Formation Miocene.

Ma’antang Formation () Deng Kangling, 1975, Communication of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwest China, (7) Ma’antang in Shiyuan Township, Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province For gray shale with interbeds of fine-grained quartzose sandstone, siltstone and limestone Late Triassic. Ma’ao Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological map: Luoyang Sheet. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Henan Petroleum Geology Exploration Team Ma’ao village in Chengliu Township, west of Jiyuan County, Henan Province For conglomerate with interbeds of green shale, yellow, green, blue, and purple siltstone, clay stone and marls Mid Jurassic. Macaoyuan Group () Macaoyuan Formation Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shennongjia Sheet Macaoyuan close to Shennongjia, Xingshan County, Hubei Province For a series of gravelbearing molasse sediments, composed mainly of dolomitic conglomerate with interbeds of volcanic, dolomitic sandstone, massive dolomite and marly sandstone lenticle, for the sum of Baliya Formation and Huoshaojian Formation Mesoproterozoic. Machala Group () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Machala in Qamdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the sum of Jagka Formation, Shanhuhe Formation and Dongfengling Formation Early Carboniferous.

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713

Machang Formation () Yan Zhiqiang, 1992, Journal of Stratigraphy, 18(1): 30-38 Machang in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Mesoproterozoic. Machang Formation () Machang Coal-bearing Beds Liaoning Bureau of Geological Exploration, Liaoning Bureau of Coal Field Management, 1962, Coal Geology of Liaoning Machang in Jianping County, Liaoning Province For coal-bearing series Late Jurassic. Machanggou Formation () Xing Yusheng et al., 1984, Stratigraphy of China (3), Upper Precambrian of

China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Gao Zhenjia Machanggou located at the eastern bank of Ke’ersu river, Tekesi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish white dolomite, siliceous crystalline limestone, with interbeds of a few quartzites Mesoproterozoic. Machangpo Formation () Jin Chuntai et al., 1989, Silurian Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Erlangshan

Area, Sichuan, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (11) Machangpo in southern Erlangshan Area, western Sichuan Province For the sum of Xiaoheigou Member and Waizuiyan Member Early Silurian. Machepu Sandstone () Ma-che-pu Sandstone Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1); Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, vol.22, 159-162 Machebu (Machepu), southwest of Yuqian County, Zhejiang Province For sandstone Early Palaeozoic. Machia’ao Limestone () Lee J S, Chao T K, Chang W Y, 1941, Stratigraphical Tables of Kwangsi, Kwilin, National Research Institute of Geology. First appeared in a manuscript by Wu L P Majia’ao (Machia’ao) in Nandan, Hechi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Late Devonian. Machiakou Limestone () Geographic name Machiakou was Romanized as Matsziagoou by the French (LSI) Grabau A W, 1922, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser.B, vol.1, fasc.1, 2. First appeared in a manuscript by Sun Y C & Young C C Majiagou (Machiakou), northwest of Yulin County, Hebei Province For gray massive limestone, dolomitic limestone

with interbeds of dolomite muddy limestone, intercalated with brecciated dolomitic limestone and dolomite Ordovician. Machiaoling Formation () Machiaoling Limestone Chang W Y, Chen T T, 1938, Brief Report of Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Kuelin, (7) Majiaoling (Machiaoling) among Heli, Laibin

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

and Beisi Counties, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For thin-bedded limestone, muddy limestone, banded limestone, with interbeds of dolomite and mudstone Early Triassic. Machiatun Formation () Machiatun Stage Matsushita S, 1934, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., Inouye Commemoration Volume, 1934 Majiatun (Machiatun), 40 km south of Jinxian County, Liaoning Province Presinian.

Machiayao Marble () Ma Xingyuan, 1957, Acta Geologica Sinica, 37(1): 26 Majiayao (Machiayao) in Zhongtiaoshan Mt., Shanxi Province For marble Palaeoproterozoic.

Machieh Beds () Machieh Calcareous Tufa Wang C C, Lu C H, 1940, Geology of the Lignite Deposits of Puchaopa, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33): 12 Majie (Machieh) close to Buzhaoba, Kaiyuan County, Yunnan Province For calcareous tufa Pleistocene.

Machitang Formation () Machitang Series Wang H T, Liu C Y, 1936, Mem. Geol. Surv. Hunan, ser.B, (1): 45 Majitang (Machitang), southeast of Taoyuan County, Hunan Province Sinian.

Machong Formation () Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of

Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 197. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Machong in Tongling City, Anhui Province For parti-coloured mudstone and sandy clay Pleistocene. Machuan Formation () Lin Baoyu, Lai Caigen, Guo Zhenming, 1975, The Ordovician System of Shaanxi-

Gansu-Ningxia Border Area, In Proceedings of Special Subject Documents of Ordovician Meeting, Beijing: Science Press Machuan Township, 17 km south of Pingliang County, Gansu Province For dolomite and limestone Early Ordovician. Machuantzu Formation () Machuantzu Volcanic Series Shimitzu S, Matsuzawa I, 1935, Rep.1st Sci. Exp. Manchukuo, ser.II, pt.2, 313 Majuanzi (Machuantzu), north of Xinglong County, Hebei Province For volcanic rock and sandstone, with interbeds of coal seams Late Carboniferous.

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Madaoyu Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Liu Yiren Madaoyu valley, close to Jiuxi river, Taoyuan County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of dark gray limestone, dolomite and yellowish green shale with interbeds of calcareous shale Early Ordovician. Madatun Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shulan Sheet Madatun in Jiutai City, Jilin Province For volcanic clastic rocks with interbeds of rhyolite and andesite Late Permian. Madi Formation () Zhang Yuanzhi ed., 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 20. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Li Gongju Madi village located at the eastern slope of Pudu river, Dongchuan County, Yunnan Province For limestone Mesoproterozoic. Madida Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 15. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Sun Daming & Wang Jinhai Madida Township in Hunchun County, Jilin Province Dealing with the lower part of the original Wudaogou Group, for metamorphic sandstone with interbeds of volcanic rocks Silurian. Madigou Formation () North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian Madigou in Wutaishan Area, Shanxi Province Proterozoic. Madiping Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 223. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Sun Aibao Madiping in Zhuangpu Township, Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province For purplish red sandy mudstone, with interbeds of rudite, volcanic sedimentary rock and calcareous bentonite Palaeoproterozoic. Madishan Formation () Fang Xiaosi, Pang Qiqing, Lu Liwu, et al., 2000, The Definition of Lower, Middle and Upper Jurassic Series in Lufeng, Yunnan, In Editorial Committee of the

716

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, 2000, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 208-214 Madishan village, northeast of Chuandongjie, 20 km south of Lufeng County, Yunnan Province Dealing with the local so called “Upper Red Beds” or “Wine Red Beds”, for light purplish red (wine colour) mudstone Late Jurassic. Madiyi Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Hunan-Guizhou-Guangxi Working Group of Precambrian Stratigraphy Maidiyi village in Yuanling County, Hunan Province For a part within the original Panhsi Group Mesoproterozoic. Madong Member () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luocheng Sheet Madong close to the eastern gate of Luocheng Molao Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a component member within the Etoucun Formation Early Carboniferous Madong

Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Madongshan Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Longxian Sheet. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by No.126 Geology Team, Division of Yunchuan Petroleum Exploration, Ministry of Petroleum Madongshan in Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For gray mudstone, shale, with interbeds of limestone and oil shale Cretaceous. Ma’er Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Northwestern Sichuan Geology Team Ma’er village in Zhanwa Township of Ruo’ergai, Sichuan Province For dark gray feldspathic quartz sandstone, siltstone, slate, with interbeds of limestone Mid Silurian. Ma’erguochaka Group () Wu Ruizhong, 1986, Stratigraphic System in Qiangtang Area, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (9) Ma’erguochaka, northwest of Shuanghu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For lateritic red mudstone,

muddy siltstone, sandstone, gravel-bearing sandstone and conglomerate with interbeds of gypsum and salt Neogene Synonymous with Suonahu Formation.

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717

Ma’erzheng Formation () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Maerzheng in Dulan County, Qinghai Province For gray metamorphic basalt, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of silicalite Early Permian. Mafang Member () Zhang, Xianqiu, 1984, Division and biota of the Luofozhai Group in the Pingling

Section of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 329-354 Mafang in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For a component member within the Xinzhuang Formation Palaeogene.

Mafengpo Shale () No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guiyang Sheet Mafengpo in Guizhou Province For a component member within the Tsing-ngai Formation Mid Triassic.

Magazangbu Formation () Guo Tieying , Liang Dingyi, et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Magazangbu in Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a component formation within the Risong Group Jurassic.

Mage Group () Liao Weihua, Xu Hankui, Wang Chengyuan, et al., 1978, Classification and cor-

relation of the Devonian in Southwestern China District, in Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 193213 Mage close to Gumu, southeastern Yunnan Province For oolitic limestone Late Devonian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Magongtan Formation () Mu Enzhi, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Junyuan, Rong Jiayu, 1983, Silurian rocks in

the vicinity of Shuanghe, Southwest Sichuan, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(3): 208215 Magongtan, north of Shuanghe Town, Changning County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of yellowish green mudstone, siltstone, and brownish gray and brownish yellow quartzose sandstone Early Silurian. Maguozhai Formation () Wu Tieshan, Xu Chaolei, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet Maguozhai in Xingxian County, Shanxi Province For gneiss leptynite and marble Archean.

718

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Maha Formation () Maha Series Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang(text in Press & the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections), sheet 24 Maha village, 40 km northwest of Xichang County, Sichuan Province Permian.

Mahalagou Formation () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 209. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Huang Youyuan Mahalagou in Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province For light brown, yellowish brown sandy mudstone with interbeds of gypsum rocks Oligocene Mahalagou Formation in the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Maher Limestone () Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 456 Ma’erkang (Maher) in Sichuan Province For limestone or marl with interbeds of green shale or schist Permian.

Mahuanggou Formation () Wang Yunshan, Zhuang Qingxing, Shi Congyan, Liu Jifang, Zheng Liangchi,

1980, Quanji Group of Northern Margin of Qaidam Basin, In Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 214230 Mahuanggou of Dongdagou, Oulongbuluke, Wulan County, northern margin of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province A component formation of the Qonj Group, for alternating beds of purplish gray, grayish white or grayish green gravel-bearing feldspathic quartzose sandstone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone and mudstone Sinian. Mahuangling Member () Hou Hongfei, Xian Siyuan, 1975, Brachiopodas of Early-Mid Devonian of Guan-

gxi and Guizhou, in Proceedings of Palaeontology, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Mahuangling, north of Liujing station, Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a component member within the Nagaoling Formation Early Devonian Mahui Formation () Qiu Zhanxiang, Huang Weilong, Guo Zhihui, 1987, Palaeontologia Sinica, New Ser. C, (25) North Mahui and South Mahui, 10 km south of Yushe County, Shanxi Province For alternating beds of purplish red clay and sand gravel Miocene.

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Maichuqing Formation () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Communication of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwest China, (4) Maichuqing village in Dacang Area, Weishan County, Yunnan Province For grayish green, grayish black silt-

stone, fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone, carbonaceous shale, coal seams Late Triassic. Maidiping Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Emei Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Sichuan Institute of Petroleum Science, Sichuan Bureau of Petroleum Maidiping in Emei County, Sichuan Province For phosphorated and silicon-bearing banded dolomite Early Cambrian Maidiping Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Maifuping Group () Geographic name Maifuping was Romanized as Maihukuhei by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K, 1935, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tosei Sheet Maifuping in Taichung County, Taiwan Province For the sum of Takehshan Formation and Kuboyama Formation Miocene.

Maigaoqiao Formation ( ) Lin Tianrui et al., 1986, Newsletter of Geological Society of Jiangsu, (6): 211 Maigaoqiao in Jiangsu Province Early Cambrian.

Maihanhada Formation () Zheng Zhaochang, Zhu Hong, 1987, Development of Palaeozoic Stratigraphy and

Evolution of Tectonic of the Margin of the Alxa Block, in Palaeozoic Stratigraphy and Evolution of Tectonic of the Margin of the Alxa Block, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Maihanhada in Sunbuer Township, Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray conglomerate, parti-coloured gravel-bearing sandstone, with interbeds of limestone, siliceous limestone and biolimestone Late Permian. Maila Conglomerate () Wen Shixuan et al., 1981, in Liu Dongsheng ed., 1981, Proceedings of Symposium on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Beijing, China), Geological and Ecological Studies of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, vol.1, Geology, Geological History and Origin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Science Press Maila in Himalaya District, Tibet Autonomous Region For conglomerate Tertiary.

Mailonggang Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological map: Lhasa Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Lhasa

720

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geology Team Mailonggang in Tangga district, Linzhou County, Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region For thin-bedded crystalline limestone, clastic rock and volcanic rock Late Triassic Wang Naiwen’s minor “Mailonggang Formation” (1983, Acta Geologica Sinica, 57(1)) is the subdivision of the original Mailonggang Formation, it is a homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Mailonggang Formation. It should be abandoned. Mairezigan Formation () Lai Caigen et al., 1982, The Ordovician of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-297. First appeared in a manuscript by No.2 Xinjiang Geology Team Mairezigan in Shache County, Tiekelike District, Xinjiang Uygur Auyonomous Region Silurian(?).

Maisang Beds () Maisang Peat Beds Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 267, chart 57. First appeared in a 1941 manuscript by Hsiung Y H Maisang Tuguangfang in Aba, Songpan Grassland, Sichuan Province For peat beds Pleistocene.

Maiyu Formation () Hsiung B H, 1940, Geological Review, 5(1/2): 41 Maiyu in Kunming City, Yunnan Province For yellowish gray sandstone with interbeds of shale Early

Cambrian. Majiacun Formation () Zhou Shiquan, Han Shimin, Zhang Yongcai, 1975, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Central South China, (3): 65-71 Majiacun village in West Temple, east of Xichuan County, Henan Province For brownish red cal-

careous siltstone with interbeds of rudite and mudstone, with white sand-bearing conglomerate in the base Late Cretaceous. Majiagou Formation () Majiagou Sandstone and Shale Beds Kenichi O, 1962, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 68(798): 152-161 Majiagou, 20 km northeast of Beipiao Town, Liaoning Province For sandstone and shale Early Jurassic, Homonymous with: Machiakou Lime-

stone. Majiahe Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet Majiahe in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province For andesite with interbeds of rhyolite, quartz andesite, volcanic clastic rock, sandstone, shale and limestone Mesoproterozoic.

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Majiahewan Formation () Li Tianbin, 1997, Regional Geology of China, 16(3) Majiahewan in Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For yellow sands and gravel, yellow and brownish gray sandy clay Holocene.

Majiajie Group () Majiajie Formation Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China : Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Xu Yanqiang Majiajie in Huanan County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of schist, crystalline limestone and quartzite Neoproterozoic.

Majiamiao Formation () Yang Binquan, Ying Yongyuan, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuncheng, Sanmenxia Sheet Majiamiao in Wenxi County, Shanxi Province For migmatic gneiss Archean.

Majian Formation () Chen Qishi, 1977, Geology of East China, (2): 73-79. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team Majian Town, Lanxi County, Zhejiang Province For grayish white gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone,

yellowish green siltstone, black mudstone, with interbeds of carbonaceous shale and coal seams Early Jurassic. Majianqiao Formation () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hukou Sheet Majianqiao in Duchang County, Jiangxi Province For purplish red andesitic tuffite Mesoproterozoic.

Majiaoba Formation () Fan Yingnian, 1980, Early Carboniferous stratigraphy and coral of northwestern Sichuan Province Majiaoba in Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province For purplish red shale, muddy limestone with interbeds of knotty limestone Early Carbonifer-

ous. Majiaochong Formation () Ge Zhizhou, Rong Jiayu, Yang Xuechang, et al., 1979, Silurian of Southwest China, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1979, Biostratigraphy of Carbonate Rocks of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Majiaochong in Shiqian County, Guizhou Province For grayish green, grayish yellow, and bluish gray shale, siltstone, calcareous shale with interbeds of muddy siltstone, quartzose sandstone and limestone lenticle Early Silurian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Majiashan Formation () Yang Zunyi, Yin Hongfu, Wu Shunbao, Yang Fengqing, 1984, Boundary between the Permian and Triassic Systems and the Zonation of the Biostratigraphy, in Scientific Papers on Geology for International Exchange, Prepared for the 27th International Geological Congress (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 99110 Majiashan in Chaohu City, Anhui Province For clay stone, mudstone and silicalite Late Permian Homonymous with Majiashan Quartzite; New name: Chaoxian Formation. Majiashan Formation () Zhou Shengsheng, Jiang An, 1953, Acta Geologica Sinica, 33(2): 149-172 Majiashan close to Daye, Hubei Province For grayish purple andesitic trachytic tuffite, grayish white fine-grained siliceous tuffite and white rhyolite and volcanic breccia agglomerate etc. Early Cretaceous. Majiashan Quartzite () Shi Shimin, 1959, Bulletin of Beijing College of Geology, (8) Majiashan in Zhongtiaoshan District, Shanxi Province For white and light blue quartzite Proterozoic Synonymous with Danshanshi Quartzite; Homonym: Majiashan

Formation. Majiatan Sandstone () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Shanxi Bureau of Coal Field ManagementMajiatan in Beichagou, West Hills of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For a bed within the local Shansi Formation Early Permian. Majie Formation () Zhang Qiusheng, Zhu Guolin, 1980, Metamorphic Geology of Eastern Qinling Mt., China Majie in Shaanxi Province For a component formation of the Kuanchuanpu Group Mesoproterozoic.

Majishan Formation () Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yangzhou Sheet Majishan in Danyang County, Jiangsu Province For phyllitic mudstone, sandstone and sandy dolomite Sinian Synonymous with Huangxu Formation. Majula Member () Wang Yuqing, Mu Xinan, 1981, in Liu Dongsheng ed., 1981, Proceedings of Symposium on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Beijing, China), Geological and Ecological Studies of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, vol. 1, Geology, Geological History and Origin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Sciences Press Majula in Kailas Mt.-Tanggula

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District, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with a component member within the Luobadui Formation, for carbonate rocks Early Permian. Majunnong Formation () You Zaiping, 2000, The Sequence and Age of Kagong Group in Ziqu Drainage

of North Lancang River, in Editorial Committee of the Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, 2000, Prodeedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 394-396 Majunnong in Leiwuqi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray turbiditic flysch sandstone Early Carboniferous. Makoho Formation () Makoho Coal Series Ting V K, 1947, Reports of Geological Survey, Nanking, National Geological Survey Maguhe (Makoho) in Yunnan Province For coal-

bearing clastic rocks. Makunao Limestone () Wang H T, Liu C Y, 1936, Mem. Geol. Surv. Hunan, ser.B, (1): 55 Magunao (Makunao) between Changsha and Changde, Hunan Province For limestone Late

Devonian. Makuqu Formation () Wang Naiwen, 1983, Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Its Plate Tectonics in Lakes

Area, Northern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Makuqu in Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous Makuqu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Maladun Formation () Maladun Coal Series No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songpan Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by Ganzi Regional Geological Survey Team Maladun in Hongtupo Township, southwest of Songpan County, Sichuan Province For light yellow, grayish white fine-grained conglomerate, clayey siltstone, with interbeds of coal seams Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene.

Malan Gravel Beds () Malan Gravel Yih L F, 1920, Geology of His-shan or Western Hills of Peking,

Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (1). First appeared in a 1919 manuscript by Andersson J G Malanyu valley in Western Hills, 80 km northwest of Beijing Municipality For gravel within terrace Pleistocene Homonym: Malan Loess. Malan Loess () Malan Stage Loess, Malan Loess Association Barbour G B, 1930, The Paote and Chingshui Physiographic Stages and their Significance, Bull. Geol. Soc. China,

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

9(1): 49-58 Malanyu valley in Western Hills, 80 km northwest of Beijing Municipality For loess Holocene Homonymous with Malan Gravel Beds, Synonym: Malan Sandstone. Malan Sandstone () Chang Jianglin, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou, 1992, Late Paleozoic Sedimentary En-

vironments and Coal Accumulation in Shanxi, China, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 19 Malan close to Lanxian County, Shanxi Province For sandstone Early Permian Synonymous with Malan Loess. Malanggou Formation () Li Qingping, Zhao Fenghong, 1992, Geology of Shandong, (2) Malanggou village in Lanlu Township, Anqiu City, Shandong Province For purplish gray, dark

purple andesitic conglomerate, andesitic tuffite, sedimentary brecciated tuffite with interbeds of siltstone Early Cretaceous, Malanguan Formation ( ) Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, in North China Institute of Geol-

ogy, Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 98 Malanguan, north of Malanyu, Zunhua County, Hebei Province For blackish amphibolite, gneiss Archean. Malasongduo Formation ( ) Yang Shanqing, Ma Baohua, Ren Baolin, Chen Kaiguo, Gu Qingge, 1983, Dis-

covery of Early and Middle Triassic Stratigraphy and Its Significance in Zayu, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Malasongduo Mining Area, 10 km northeast of Randa, Chayab County, Tibet Autonomous Region For clastics, volcanic rocks and volcanic clastic rocks Early Triassic. Malasu Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Emin Sheet Malasu in Emin County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For andesite, basalt, rhyolitic porphyry, tuffite, volcanic tuff, sandstone with interbeds of calcareous sandstone and limestone Early

Devonian. Mali Formation () Shi Xiaoyin, Tong Jinnan, 1985, The Characters of Marine Jurassic and Fauna

of Mali, close to Luolong, Eastern Tibet Autonomous Region, Earth Science, (10) Mali close to Luolong, Eastern Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with most

of the lower part of the original Lagongtang Formation, for purplish red, grayish yellow, grayish white conglomerate, fine-grained sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of sandy limestone Mid Jurassic.

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Mali Member ( ) Niu Jinrong et al., 1975, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Guangxi, (4): 13 Mali in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a member within the Yuchiang Formation Early Devonian.

Maliangou Formation ( ) Maliangou Group Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongchang Sheet Maliangou in Xincheng Town, Yongchang County, Gansu Province For gray, grayish green,

grayish purple muddy siltstone, sandy shale, with interbeds of marl and gypsum Late Cretaceous.

Malianhe Basalt ( ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Jilin

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 294. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team Malianhe in Ning’an County, Heilongjiang Province For basalt Pleistocene Synonymous with Nanping Formation. Malianjing Formation () Yang Yu ed., 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of

China (62), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Gansu Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Zhang Mingshu Malianjing located at western Beishan Mt., Gansu Province For carbonaceous and muddy clastic rocks Late Permian Synonymous with Hongyanjing Formation. Malianpo Formation ( ) No.8 Shandong Geology Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Dig-

ital Geological Map of Shandong Province. First appeared in a 1995 manuscript by Liu Maoxiu Malianpo in Zonglou Town, Juxian County, Shandong Province For sandstone with interbeds of silicalite Early Cretaceous. Maliu Limestone ( ) Yoh S S, 1928, A geological reconnaissance from Chung-ching, Szechuan to Kuei-yang, Kueichou Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (11) Maliu village, 11 km north of Tongzi County, Guizhou Province  For limestone Early Per-

mian. Maliuqiao Formation ( ) Jin Chuntai et al., 1989, Silurian Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Erlangshan

Area, Sichuan, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (11) Maliuqiao in eastern Erlangshan

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Mt., western Sichuan Province For calcareous mudstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle, sandy dolomite, calcareous sandstone with interbeds of mudstone Late Silurian. Maliushuwan Formation ( ) Fu Lipu, Song Lisheng, 1984, The Zonation of Late Ordovician-Mid Silurian

Graptolites in Ziyang District, China, in Scientific Papers on Geology for International Exchange–Prepared for the 27th International Geological Congress (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 215-228 Maliushuwan in Wafangdian Township, Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For the lower part of the original Banjiuguan Formation Early Silurian Maliushuwan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Malong Formation ( ) Nanling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1958, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Lianping, Heping, Xinfeng and Zhongxin Malong in Lianping County, Guangdong Province For parti-coloured rudite Mid Jurassic. Maludong Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Maludong in Jinping County, Yunnan Province For dark gray, grayish black dolomitic limestone with interbeds of marls Early-Mid Devonian. Malugou Formation () Wu Shuibo, Sun Ge, Liu Weizhou, et al., 1980, The Upper Triassic of Tuopangou,Wangqing of eastern Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(3): 192-200 Malugou in Wangqing County, Jilin Province Dealing with the upper part of the Tuopangou Formation, for volcanic rocks and coal-bearing clastic rocks Late Triassic. Malukou Shale () Zhang Mingzhao, Sheng Xinfu, 1958, Acta Geologica Sinica, 38(3): 326-342 Malukou, 4 km southeast of Guanyinqiao, Qijiang County, Sichuan Province For

redish yellow, yellowish brown and grayish green shale with interbeds of sandy shale Early Ordovician Synonymous with Meitan Shale. Malung Formation () Malung Limestone, Malung Series (Ting V K, Wang Y L, 1937) Ting V K, 1926, in Grabau A W, 1926, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser. B, vol.2, fasc. 2, 10 Malong (Malung) County, Yunnan Province Dark gray limestone Early Silurian. Maluping Formation () Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xifeng Sheet Maluping in Zhongxin Town, Kaiyang County,

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Guizhou Province For grayish green and purplish red clay stone, silty clay stone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone and gravel-bearing sandstone, with diamictite Sinian. Maluping Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8 Maluping in Wudang Area, Hubei Province For a component formation within the local Wutang Group Proterozoic. Malutang Formation () Hou Hongfei, Liao Weihua, 1988, in Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 216. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Hou Hongfei & Dong Zhizhong Malutang village in Shidian County, Yunnan Province For muddy limestone with interbeds of limestone lenticle Mid Devonian.

Mamuwusu Formation () First appeared in an article by Li Baolin & Xue Duo, 2000, in Editorial Commit-

tee of the Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, 2000, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 307-317 Mamuwusu close to Lujing, Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray, brown mudstone, marls, with yellowish gray, light gray siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone and conglomerate in the base Early Cretaceous Mamuwusu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Mamuxia Formation () Xia Daixiang, Liu Shikun ed., 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (54), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Tibet Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 220. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.2 Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team Mamuxia close to Mamen, Sangri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray andesite, light green, grayish green calcareous conglomerate, grayish green pyroxene-hornfels and gray crystalline limestone Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous.

Manbing Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Manbing close to Menhan, Jinghong County, Yunnan Province For limestone with interbeds of sandy mudstone and muddy siltstone Carboniferous.

728

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Manbo Formation () Zhang Yuanzhi ed., 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 128 Manbo in Mojiang County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of grayish green, grayish yellow shale, siltstone and quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of limestone and marls Mid-Late Silurian. Manchien Formation () Manchien Series Pian C H, Tung S P, 1942, Provisional Report of Department of Mineral Resources Exploration, Resources Commission, (15): 244 Manjian (Manchien), 24 km southeast of Zhenkang County, Yunnan Province For yellowish green, grayish black shale, sandstone Permian-Triassic. Mangang Formation () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology & Yunnan Team of Red Beds, 1975, Mesozoic Beds of Yunnan, Beijing: Science Press Mangang in Heping Township, Jinggu County, Yunnan Province For grayish purple, purplish red quartzose sandstone, sand-bearing conglomerate and conglomerate Early Cretaceous Synonym: Nanxin Formation.

Manganghe Formation () Bai Jin, Zhang Xueqi, 1981, Tectonic of Dahongshan Mining District and the Classification of the Dahongshan Group of Yunnan, Bulletin of Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (3) Manganghe in Xinping County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Dahongshan Group, for schist, volcanic breccia, marble, with interbeds of siderite and cooper beds Palaeoproterozoic. Mangbang Formation () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tengchong Sheet, Yinjiang Sheet Mangbang close to Shanchengzi, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province For rudite, fine-grained

sandstone, clayey siltstone, and thin-bedded coal seams, with interbeds of basalt Pliocene.

Mangchuan Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linru Sheet Mangchuan in Ruzhou City, Henan Province Fro alternating beds of red mudstone, sandy shale, grayish white mudstone, gray rudite and sandstone, with interbeds of black carbonaceous shale, fine-grained sandstone and red conglomerate Eocene. Mangcuo Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Mangcuo in Jiaoga Township, Xiao Bangda, southeast of Mankang County, Tibet Autonomous Region For light

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gray, grayish white limestone, with interbeds of tuffite and tuffaceous lava Early Permian. Mangdaiqia Group () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Daqiao Sheet Mangdaiqia in Fuyun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For andesite, silicalite, slate, muddy siltstone and sandstone Mid-Late Devonian.

Mange’er Formation () Hou Hongfei, Xiang Liwen, Lai Caigen, Lin Baoyu, 1979, Advances in the

Palaeozoic Stratigraphy of Tianshan-Xingan Region, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(3): 175-157 Mange’er in Hebukesaier County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, yellowish green calcareous shale, calcareous tuffaceous sandstone with interbeds of marls and limestone nodule Early Devonian. Manghuai Formation () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jingdong Sheet Manghuai in Yunxian County, Yunnan Province For purplish red, light gray volcanic rocks, with conglomerate in the base Mid Triassic. Manghui Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Cangyuan Sheet Manghui in Yunnan Province Pliocene.

Manghuihe Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Manghuihe in Yunnan Province Late Triassic. Mangkang Formation () No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mangkang, Yanjing Shees Mankang in Yunnan Province Cretaceous. Mangkelu Formation () Hou Hongfei, Xiang Liwen, Lai Caigen, Lin Baoyu, 1979, Advances in the Palaeozoic Stratigraphy of Tianshan-Xing’an Region, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(3): 175-157 Mangkelu in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For yellowish brown sandy limestone and siltstone Early Devonian. Mangshan Group () Mangshan Quartzite Yoh S S, 1929, Geological Reconnaissance from Kueichou, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (12): 14-17 Mangshan, 3 km west of Duyun County, Guizhou Province For white and red quartzite Early-Mid Devonian Synonym: Pangchai Sandstone.

730

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Mangtangyang Formation () Mangtangyang Sandstone and Shale Series Nan Y T, Yan K Y, Lu Y H, 1931, Report of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey for Three Counties of Yongan, Shanghang and Pingwu, Fujian Mangdangyang (Mangtangyang) Mt. between Yongan County and Shanghang County, Fujian Province For sandstone and shale Early Jurassic. Mangtzuhsia Group () Mangtzuhsia Series Fong K L, Chang H J, 1927-1928, Preliminary report on the geology along the Yueh-Han Railroad in Kwangtung, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.I, 65-84 Mangzixia (Mangtzuhsia) Station, close to Lianjiangkou, Yingde County, Guangdong Province For a thick series exceeds 1 000 meters, composed mainly of massive sandstone of various colours, more sandy and coarser in the lower part, while the upper part is a fine-grained sandstone or shaly sandstone, intercalated with thin layers of micaceous shales of brown or brownish red colour. No fossil has been found in this formation Early-Mid Devonian. Mangxiang Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze, Yadong Sheet. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.3 Tibet Geology Team Mangxiang, 48 km east of Namulin County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a series of strata composed of coal-bearing clastic rock (mudstone, sandstone and conglomerate), volcanic clastic rocks(tuffite and tuffaceous rudite, with interbeds of oil shale Miocene. Mangxiangyu Formation () Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Mangxiangyu in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region Late Triassic Synonymous with Qudenggongba Formation. Mangyongquan Schist () Sha Shaoli, 1988, Yunnan Geology, 17(1): 1-16 Mangyongquan in Dali County, Yunnan Province Dealing with the lower part within Dali Metamorphic Rock Formation, for dolomitic quatz schist Palaeozoic The disintegrative part of the orig-

inal Tsang Shan Group. Mangzongrong Formation ( ) Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geoscience Press Mangzongrong in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gravel-bearing conglomerate Permian. Manhei Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Cangyuan Sheet Manhei in Yunnan Province Early Ordovician.

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Manitu Formation () Compiling Group for Liaoning Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Liaoning Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Li Jihai et al., who worked in No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team West Hills of Manitu in Chifeng City, Balin Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For andesite, volcanic clastic rock with interbeds of sedimentary rocks Late Jurassic. Manjia’er Group () Huang Youyuan, 1984, Proceedings of Petroleum Geology of Xinjiang, Western China Bureau of Petroleum, Ministry of Geology Manjia’er located at the northeastern Margin of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Ketu’er Formation, Akekule Formation and Halahatang Formation Neoproterozoic. Manketou’ebo Formation () Compiling Group for Liaoning Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Liaoning Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team Manketou’ebo close to Arikundulengsumu, Zhalute Banner, Zhelimu League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray, grayish white, grayish yellow and grayish purple volcanic rock and volcanic clastic rock Late Jurassic. Mankuanhe Formation () No.16 Yunnan Geology Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of salt-bearing belt of Zhenyuan-Jinggu, Yunnan Mankuanhe in Jiangcheng County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of purplish red muddy siltstone and calcareous and silty mudstone, with interbeds of quartzose sandstone and mudstone lenticle Cretaceous. Manlai Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menghai Sheet Manlai in Menghai County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of grayish green metamorphic muddy siltstone and mudstone, with interbeds of tuffite lenticle and banded magnetite Neoproterozoic.

Manli Formation () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luxi Sheet, Ruili Sheet Manli in Yunnan Province For light yellow siltstone, mudstone, rudite and shale Late Permian Synonym: Yongde Formation, Xiaoxinzhai Formation. Manmo Group () Kobayashi T, Nonaka J, 1942, Jour. Geogr. Soc. Tokyo, 54(645) Manchukuo and original Mongolia Province For the sum of Holungmen Formation, Heitai

732

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Formation, Kirin Formation and Touman Formation Palaeozoic. Mantang Formation () No.3 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Mantang in Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For fine-grained quartzose sandstone and siltstone Early Or-

dovician. Manto Formation () Blackwelder E, in Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 19-58 Mantou (Manto) Hill, 5 km south of Zhangxia Town, Changqing County, Shandong Province For parti-coloured (gray-

ish yellow, gray, purple, and grayish green, etc.) shale and muddy limestone, with a fresh red shale in the upper part Early Cambrian Within the range of distribution, the geologic age of Manto are varing from place to place and displaying the diachronous feature evidently.. Mantoushan Basalt () Zheng Qingdao, Liu Shiwei, et al., 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nenjiang County Sheet Mantoushan in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province Pliocene.

Manxin Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 113 Manxin in Menglian County, Yunnan Province For grayish black silicalite and siliceous shale Mid-Late Devonian. Manzhou Supergroup ( ) Manzhou Series Oishi S, Morita G, 1943. Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 50(595): 111-113 Manchuria, a region inhabited by the Nvzhen Nationality, China Mesozoic.

Manziying Formation () Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geol-

ogy, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Integrative Regional Geological Survey of Neixiang, Henan Manziying in Henan Province Ordovician-Silurian Synonymous with Xieao Formation. Maobaguan Formation (  ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Maobaguan in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For marl and muddy dolomite with interbeds of marl and coal seams Cambrian.

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Maocaojie Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 261. First appeared in a manuscript by No.413 Geology Team Maocaojie in Hunan Province Pleistocene. Maochong Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 114. Maochong in Hunan Province Mid Devonian. Maochonggou Member ( ) Maochonggou Sand and Gravel Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classifica-

tion of Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qinghai Area, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 23-30 Maochong valley, close to Suancigou valley in Qilianshan Mt., Qinghai Province For the sands and gravels in the middle part of the local Ledu Formation Pleistocene. Maochuang Formation ( ) Maochuang Series Hsieh C Y, Liu C C, 1927, Geology and Mineral Resources of Southwest Hupei, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (9) Maozhuang (Maochuang) in Hubei Province For the coal-bearing formation Late Permian. Maochuang Formation ( ) Lu Yanhao, Dong Nanting, 1953, Acta Geologica Sinica, 33(3): 166 Maozhuang (Maochuang) village located at the foot of Mantoushan hill, 2.5 km south of Zhangxia Town, Changqing County, Shandong Province For the part of purplish shale and sandstone subdivided by fossil within the Mantou Shale Early Cambrian Maochuang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Maocifan Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Peking University Maocifan in Dahongshan District, Suixian County, Hubei Province For a group of metamorphic rock in local Yingshan Group Proterozoic. Maodian Formation ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy

734

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

(Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 286 Maodian Township in Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province For purple conglomerate with interbeds of siltstone, mudstone, basalt and tuffite Early Cretaceous. Maoerhkou Limestone ( ) Norin E, 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 135 Mao’ergou (Maoerhkou) a tributary of Yuemengou in West Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For a bed of limestone Early Permian. Mao’ershan Formation () Wang Sien et al., 1985, Stratigraphy of China II, The Jurassic of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Zhu Songnian Mao’ershan in Shangzhi County, Heilongjiang Province Dark gray, grayish black, and grayish green volcanic rock and volcanic breccia Late Jurassic. Maoguzhang Limestone ( ) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157 Maoguzhang in southeastern Shanxi Province For a bed of sandstone in the Shansi Formation Early Permian. Maohsien Group ( ) Maohsien Series Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press & the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections), Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (15), Atlas for the Geology of Szechuan Province & Eastern Sikang, Sheet 26 Maoxian County, Sichuan Province For dark gray slate with interbeds of metamorphic quartzose sandstone, grayish green, grayish black and gray slate with interbeds of carbonaceous limestone and metamorphic quartzose siltstone Early-Mid Silurian. Maohsienling Formation ( ) Liu Yuanzhen, Yuan Zaishu, 1951, Bull. Geol. Central South China, (3) Maoxianling (Maohsienling) in Zixing County, Hunan Province For grayish white, grayish green sandstone with interbeds of shale Jurassic(?). Maoji Group ( ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongbai Sheet Maoji in Tongbai County, Henan Province For the sum of Huilongsi Formation, Yindonggou Formation, Zuolaozhuang Formation and Baozi Formation Palaeoproterozoic.

Maojiagou Group ( ) Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huangyuan Sheet Maojiagou close to Laoyeshan Mt. of

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Qiaotou, Datong County, Qinghai Province For black limestone with interbeds of basalt and grayish white calcareous dolomite Mid Cambrian. Maojiapo Formation ( ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongbai Sheet Maojiapo in Yuzhuang, Tongbai County, Henan Province For lateritic red sandstone, rudite and sandy mudstone, with interbeds of yellowish green rudite locally Eocene. Maojiwan Member ( ) Zhang Xianqiu, 1984, Division and biota of the Luofozhai Group in the Pingling

section of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 239254 Maojiwan, 1 km south of Gucheng, Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For brownish red calcareous mudstone of the lower member in the Gucheng Formation (1) Palaeogene. Maokou Formation ( ) Maokou Schwagerina Limestone Yoh S S, 1929, Geological Reconnaissance of West Kueichou, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (12): 1-12 Maokou river in Langdai County, Guizhou Province For limestone Early Permian. Maolanhe Formation ( ) Chen Deseng et al., 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chenqing Sheet Chenqing County, Heilongjiang Province Late Permian. Maoling Formation ( ) Maoling Series Lee Y Y, 1930, Geology of Southern Anhui Province, Annual General Report of Academia Sinica of 1929 Maoling in Anhui Province Early

Jurassic. Maomaolong Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Maomaolong in Hainan, Qinghai Province Carboniferous-Permian. Maomaotou Formation (

) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jinping Sheet Maomaotou in Pingbian County, Yunnan Province For the original Maomaoyou Formation (included Pingbian Group, Langmuqiao Formation and Maomaotou Formation today) Sinian-Early Cambrian For the upper subdivision of original Maomaotou Formation, it can not be named as Maomaotou Formation again. Maoming Group ( ) Maoming Series Chen K T, Huang K H, 1949, Special Report of Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (37): 6. First appeared in a manuscript by Chou M S

736

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Maoming County, Guangdong Province For oil shales included Paishihling Formation, Yiuchinwo Shale and Huangniuling Formation Palaeogene-Neogene.

Maonong Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Zhejiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of East China: Zhejiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Wu Zhijun, Zhan Xikun & Zhu Fuwang Maonong close to Jingjukou, Songyang County, Zhejiang Province For the sum of Jingjukou Volcanic Rock and Maonong Coal-bearing Member Mid Jurassic The two subdivisions (Jingjukou Volcanic Rock and Maonong Coalbearing Member) merged into one higher division, the later can not be named as Maonong Formation again. Ma On Shan Formation () Li Zuoming, 1987, Brief Introduction of Geology of Hong Kong, Guangdong Geology, 2(1): 29-48 Ma On Shan, southeast of Tolo Harbour, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For sandy shale and sandstone, with interbeds of limestone Devonian Synonymous with New Territories Formation.

Maopa Formation ( ) Maopa Limestone Yoh S S, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(4): 443-476 Maoba (Maopa) village, 4 km northwest of Buyanmenba, Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province For light gray, grayish white limestone Late Devonian.

Maoping Formation (1) (  1) Xiao Chengxie, Xia Tianliang, 1984, Early Ordovician graptolite-bearing strata in Chongyi, Jiangxi, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(3): 220-224 Maoping close to Sishun, Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province For thin-bedded slate Early Ordovician Homonym: Maoping Formation (2).

Maoping Formation (2) (  2) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 75. First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Maoping village in Dingzhai, Xianfeng County, Hubei Province For dark gray banded limestone and dolomite Mid Cambrian Homonymous with Maoping Formation (1). Maopu Shale ( ) Ho C S, 1956, Miocene Rocks of the Chutouchi Oil Field, Tainan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (8) Maopu village in Nanhua, Tainan County, Taiwan Province For dark gray shale with white siltstone bands or laminations, and thin interbeds of fine-grained sandstone Miocene.

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Maoshaching Limestone ( ) Yoh S S, Chiang R, 1944, Guide Book of Geological Travel in Kueichou Maoshajing (Maoshaching), 4 km east of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For limestone Early Carboniferous. Maoshan Formation ( ) Noda S, 1952, Geology and Mineral Resources of East Asia, vol.2, 1-49. First appeared in a manuscript by Kihara B Maoshan in Xinglong Coal Field, Xinglong County, Hebei Province For the sum of Maoshan Sandstone, and shale with interbeds of coal seams Carboniferous-Permian For the subdivision within the original Maoshan Formation, it can not be named as Maoshan Sandstone again. Maoshan Limestone ( ) Hsu T L, 1956, Geology of the Coastal Range, Eastern Taiwan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (8) Maoshan is an isolated hill about 1 km north of Taitung, Taiwan Province For a small limestone hill in the alluvial area Pliocene Homonymous

with Maoshan Sandstone. Maoshan Sanstone ( ) Lee Y Y, Li C, Chu S, 1935, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (11): 10 Maoshan between Jurong County and Jintan County, Jiangsu Province Dealing

with a component subdivision within the basal part of original Wutungshan Quartzite, for grayish white quartzose sandstone with interbeds of purplish red siltstone, and purplish quartzose sandstone with siltstone, sandy shale and conglomerate Late Silurian Homonym: Maoshan Limestone. Maoshannao Andesite ( ) Zhou Shengsheng, Jiang An, 1953, Acta Geologica Sinica, 33(2): 160 Maoshannao close to Lingxiang, southwest of Echeng County, Hubei Province For a body of andesite Cretaceous. Maoshihkan Formation ( ) Hou T F, Chao T H, Yang T H, Hsiao A Y, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (8): 5 Maoshikan (Maoshihkan), 35 km northwest of Zunyi County, Guizhou Province Early Cambrian. Maotai Conglomerate ( ) Yang D H, 1945, Geological Review, 10(5-6): 311 Maotai, 15 km northwest of Renhuai County, Guizhou Province For gray conglomerate Tertiary. Maotang Formation () Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 195. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Maotang in Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province

738

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

For yellow, brownish yellow silt, clay, with interbeds of sandy ooze, calcareous nodule manganese-iron mini balls Pleistocene.

Maotang Group ( ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Henan Province Maotang in Neixiang County, Henan Province Mesoproterozoic.

Maotazi Formation ( ) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guangyuan Sheet Maotazi in Sichuan Province Silurian,. Maotian Formation ( ) No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yanhe Sheet Maotian close to Ganxi, Yanhe County, Guizhou Province For dolomite and limestone within the upper part of the Loshankuan Group Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician. Maotianshan Shale () Ho C S, 1942 Maotianshan (i.e. Dongshan), Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province For shale Early Cambrian. Maotoushan Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baishan Sheet Maotoushan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous. Maotsaopu Formation ( ) Maotsaopu Limestone Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Geosci. Depart. Inst. Liberal

Arts, National Chekiang University, (1). First appeared in a 1929 manuscript by Ting V K Maocaopu (Maotsaopu) village, 2.5 km north of Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For limestone, dolomite and brecciated dolomite Early Triassic. Maotzufung Formation () Maotzufung Shale Hsu R L, 1937, Geological Review, 2(4): 367 Maozifeng (Maotzufung), north of Qujiang County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of parti-coloured(grayish green, yellowish gray, red, yellow etc.) shale and sandstone, with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous. Maowu Group ( ) Li Zhonghai et al., 1982, in Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team & Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1982, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Western Sichuan and Eastern Tibet District (fasc. I), Chengdu: Sichuan People’s Publishing House Maowu in Guxue distrit, Derong

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County, Sichuan Province For light gray, grayish black phyllite, limestone, metamorphic basalt, sandstone and silicalite Late Permian. Maoyangling Group ( ) Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 52. First appeared in a manuscript by Department of Geology of East China Bureau, Ministry of Metallurgical Industry Maoyangling in Tangli Township, close to Lizhu, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province For dark gray to grayish white dolomitic limestone with interbeds of thin-bedded calcareous shale Late Cambrian.

Maoyenshan Formation () Maoyenshan Series Huang T K, Young C C, Cheng T C, Chow M N Bien, Weng W P, 1947, Report on geological investigation of some oilfields in Sinkiang, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (21): 49 Maoyanshan (Maoyenshan), 38 km southwest of Wusu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tertiary.

Maoziling Formation () Liao Shifan, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1): 66 Maoziling in Chaling County, Hunan Province Late Devonian.

Mapa Limestone () Hsu R L, 1937, Geological Review, 2(4): 361-376 Maba (Mapa) village or station, 15 km south of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Synonym: Ma’anshan Limestone.

Mapan Formation () Endo R, 1931, Cambrian Period, Iwanamin Series, 47-62 Mopanshan (Mapan) in Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For alternating beds of slate, shale and limestone Mid Cambrian Homonym: Mopan Formation.

Mapangyongcuo Formation () Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Mapangyongcuo lake in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the part of strata body belongs to Ordovician within the local Dabalao Formation Ordovician Mapangyongcuo Formation is the form of lithostrati-

graphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Mapengkou Formation ( ) Tianjin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.29], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138 Mapengkou in Tianjin Municipality Pleistocene Mapengkou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

740

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Maping Formation ( ) Maping Limestone Yoh S S, 1929, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (1). First appeared in a 1928 manuscript by Ting V K Maping (today Liuzhou City), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish white thick-bedded limestone Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Mapoli Formation () Zhu Weiyuan, 1988, Gansu Geology, (9) Mapoli located at the north slope of the West Qinling Mt., Gansu Province Late Devonian. Maqiao Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 73 Maqiao in Huanggang County, Hubei Province For a formation of the local Tapei Group Palaeoproterozoic. Mariburu Formation ( ) Usami M, Matumoto T, 1940, Geological Map of Taiwan: Daibuzan Sheet Mariburu village in Taitung County, Taiwan Province Composed mainly of dark gray schistose sandstone and sometimes intercalated with thin layers of black slate Eocene. Mashan Formation (1) ( 1) Mashan Series Asano G, 1941, Bull. Geol. Inst. Manchukuo, (101): 15, 22 Mashan station, west of Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province Composed of schist, gneiss, marble Precambrian Homonym: Mashan Formation (2). Mashan Formation (2) ( 2) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 175 Mashan in Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province For calcareous shale, siltstone, sandstone with interbeds of marls or dolomite Late Devonian Mashan Formation (2) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning; Homonymous with Mashan Formation (1). Mashan Hornfels () Zhou Renzhan, Chen Peiyuan, Yang Xiguang, 1950, Report Geol. Min. Res. Fujian Soil and Geol. Surv., (13): 22 Mashan, 10 km north of Ningxiang County, Fujian Province For hornfels Triassic. Mashankou Conglomerate () Han Yingshan, Yan Lianquan, 1952, Brief Report Geol. Min. Res. Western Henan, Kaifeng Department of Central South China Geological Survey Mashankou in Yiyang County, Henan Province For conglomerate with interbeds of grayish white quartzose sandstone, purplish red chert beds and shale Presinian.

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Mashanqiao Formation () East China Institute of Geology, 1976, Geological Science and Technology Information, East China Institute of Geology, (1) Mashanqiao in Huaining County, Anhui Province Mid Triassic. Mashidian Formation ( ) No.1 Shandong Geology Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang and Chaoli Sheet Mashidian in Shandong Province Early Cretaceous. Mashihling Formation () Liao Shifan, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1): 67 Mashiling (Mashihling)in Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province For purple coarse-grained mica sandstone with interbeds of phyllitic shale Late Devonian. Mashikou Group () Zhao Zongpu, 1993, Evolution of Crust of Precambrian in Sino-Korea Paraplatform, Beijing: Science Press Mashikou in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Archean.

Mashiping Formation () Cao Meizhen, Lin Qibin, et al., 1986, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 23(2): 211214 Mashiping close to Huangtuling, Nanshao County, Henan Province For yellowish brown conglomerate, feldspathic quartzose sandstone, clay stone with interbeds of fine-grained conglomerate and marls Early Cretaceous. Masuoshan Formation () Du Qiliang, 1979, Regional Geological Survey of Western Sichuan, (2): 33-39 Masuoshan in Muli County, Sichuan Province For gray limestone and marls with interbeds of green slate and siltstone Mid Triassic. Matebulake Formation ( ) Matekebulake Formation (Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 1993) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Matebulake in Altun Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A formation in lower part of the Taxidaban Group, for gneiss Mesoproterozoic. Matian Formation ( ) Matian Member Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138, table 14 Matian in Yizhang County, Hunan Province Dealing with the member in the upper part of

742

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

the Yizhang Formation, for limestone, silicalite and calcareous sandstone Late Permian. Matishan Formation ( ) Matishan Series Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Sun Chon-

gren ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (63), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Qinghai Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 325. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Academia Sinica & Ministry of Petroleum Matishan in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province Palaeogene. Matou Formation () Matou Sandstone Wang C C, 1922, Stratigraphy of Bao-the-chou, Northwestern Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 107 Matouguan located at the east bank of Yellow River, west of Daning County, Shanxi Province Composed of lower

part: green or white sandstone, upper part: light red sandstone, both intercalated with red thin-bedded shale Triassic. Matoupu Formation (1) ( 1) Matoupu Series Meng H M, Chen K, 1933, Ann. Rept., Academia Sinica, 179, Columnar section VII, 158 Matoupu, south of Jianhua County, Hunan Province Sinian Homonym: Matoupu Formation (2).

Matoupu Formation (2) ( 2) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 267. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Matoupu in Lixian County, Hunan Province For brownish red mud-gravel beds and red clay Pleistocene Homonymous with Matoupu Formation (1). Matoushan Formation (1) ( 1) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology,

1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang District Maitoushan in Xichuan County, Henan Province For light metamorphic basic volcanic rock and volcanic breccia Early Sinian Homonymous with Matoushan

Sandstone. Matoushan Formation (2) ( 2) Wang Shouyi, 1988, in Wu Tieshan, Xiao Suying, Wang Shouyi, 1988, Lithos-

tratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Strata in Shanxi , Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Matoushan in Shanxi Province Late Jurassic Homonymous with Matoushan Sandstone.

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Matoushan Sandstone () Cao S L, 1935, Bull. Geol. Surv. Henan, (4) Matoushan, 15 km west of Mianchi County, Henan Province For sandstone Permian-Triassic Synonym: Pingdingshan Sandstone; Homonym: Matoushan Formation. Matoutan Formation () Wu Naiyuan, 1991, Carboniferous System, Palaeozoic of Xinjiang (Summary of Stratigraphy of Xinjiang II), Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House Matoutan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous. Matouya Formation () Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, (11) Maotouya in Henan Province For light red quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of green, purple shale and quartzose sandstone Sinian. Matsu Limestone () Matsu Kalkstein Richthofen F von, 1869, Verh. d. k. k. Geol. Richsanst. Wien, 131-137 Mazu (Matsu) hill, north of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province For grayish black thin-bedded or thick-bedded siliceous limestone Sinian Homonym: Mazu Beds. Matsun Formation () Hsiung B H, 1940, Geological Review, 5(1/2): 41 Da Macun (Matsun), 3 km north of Kunming City, Yunnan Province Early Cambrian. Matsungling Group () Matsungling Series Yoh S S, Chiang R, 1944, Guide Book of Geological Traveler of Guiyang (for 20th Annual Meeting of Geological Society of China). First appeared in a 1929 manuscript by Ting V K Mazongling (Matsungling) in Wudang District, 8 km northeast of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For the sum of Matsungling Quartzite and Maoshaching Limestone Mid Devonian-Early Carboniferous Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Matsungling Quartzite. Matsungling Quartzite () Yoh S S, Chiang R, 1944, Guide Book of Geological Traveler of Guiyang (for 20th Annual Meeting of Geological Society of China). First appeared in a 1929 manuscript by Ting V K Mazongling (Matsungling) in Wudang District, 8 km northeast of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province A component formation of the Matsungling Group(original series), for grayish white, light red quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of siltstone and shale Mid Devonian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Matsungling Group. Matupo Formation () Matupo Coal Series Kao C H, 1950, Geological Review, 15(1/3): 76 Matupo in Hubei Province For shale, carbonaceous shale and sandstone with interbeds of

744

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

anthracite Early Permian. Mawangdui Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 267. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Mawangdui in Changsha City, Hunan Province For gravel beds, yellow coarse-grained sand beds with interbeds of sand lenticle Late Pleistocene. Mawanshan Formation () Yan Zhiqiang, 1992, Journal of Stratigraphy, 18(1): 30-38 Mawanshan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Mesoproterozoic.

Mawutu Formation () Ishizaki K, 1939, On the stratigraphical relations of the basaltic igneous rocks in the neighbourhood of Mawutoku, Sintiku Prefecture, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 10(2) Mawutu in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province Consists predominantly of brownish medium-grained sandstone with carbonaceous material and interbeds of dark shale Miocene-Pliocene.

Mawuzhai Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology

of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138, table 14. First appeared in a manuscript by No.201 Guangdong Coal Field Team Mawuzhai in Guangdong Province Early Permian. Maxiangou Formation ( ) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hadayingzi Sheet Maxiangou in Jilin Province Cretaceous.

Maxianshan Group ( ) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 62. First appeared in a manuscript by No.1 Gansu Geology Team Maxianshan in Yuzhong County, Gansu Province For gneiss Palaeoproterozoic. Mayang Formation () Hu Jimin, Zeng Demin, 1985, Geology of Oil and Gas, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Mayang in Hunan Province Cretaceous.

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Mayang Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Mayang village, in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the part within the local series of gravel-bearing breccia Permian Mayang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with nonlithostratigraphic meaning. Mayanhe Formation () Department of Geography, Lanzhou University, 1962, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map between Huixian and Chengxian Mayanhe, 36 km north of Chengxian County, Gansu Province For blackish siliceous slate Mid Devonian. Mayi Limestone () Chao Y T, 1926, Carboniferous Stratigraphy of South Manchuria, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (8): 6-19 Mayicun valley, 6 km northwest of Benxi City, Liaoning ProvinceFor two beds of limestone intercalated with a sandy shale bed Early

Permian. Mayicun Formation () Mayicun Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-654 Mayicun, 6 km northwest of Benxi City, Liaoning Province For coalbearing series Early Permian. Mayigou Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, in Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, North China Institute of Geology Mayigou in Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For gneiss Archean. Mayilashan Group () Mayileshan Group (Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 1993) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bo’er Sheet Mayilashan in Tuoli County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For volcanic breccia with interbeds of sedimentary rocks Early-Mid Silurian.

Mayinggou Group () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Mayinggou in Tianzhu County, Gansu Province For grayish black sandy slate with interbeds of limestone lenticles Early Silurian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Mayuan Formation () Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Fujian Province Mayuan village, 17 km northeast of

746

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jianyang County, Fujian Province Dealing with a component formation within the original Jian’ou Group, for schist, leptynite, with interbeds of metamorphic volcanic rock Neoproterozoic. Mazegou Formation () Qiu Zhanxiang, Huang Weilong, Guo Shihui, 1987, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser. new C, (25) Mazegou, 12 km west of Yushe County, Shanxi Province For alternating beds of yellow sandstone and purplish red clay Pliocene.

Mazhuangshan Formation () No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Xinjiang Geology, 16(2) Mazhuangshan, southeast of Hami County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of volcanic rocks Late Carboniferous.

Mazi Member () Mazi Limestone Member Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138, table 14. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No. 201 Guangdong Coal Field Team Mazi in Lianxian County, Guangdong Province A member within the local Damaikong Formation, for limestone Late Permian.

Maziping Formation () Nanling Regional Geological Survey Team (No.761 Team), 1959, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shaoguan Sheet Maiziping in Qujiang County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of dark purple, grayish yellow, grayish white siltstone, and sandy mudstone, with tuffite in the base Mid-Late

Jurassic. Mazishan Formation () Hu Xuezhi, 1992, Shanxi Geology, 7(4) Mazishan, northwest of Zhuangwang Township, Fanshi County, Shanxi Province For leptynite with interbeds of quartzite Archean.

Mazu Beds () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 96, chart 109 Mazu in southeastern Yunnan Province For clay and rudite Pleistocene Homonymous with Matsu Limestone. Meichi Sandstone () Chen C H, 1976, Proceedings of Geological Society of China, (19): 71-77 Meichi between Puli and Wushie, central Taiwan Province For alternating beds of sandstone, and black shale Oligocene.

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Meichiang Beds ( ) Meichiang Red Beds Yoh S S, Yao W K, 1932, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.IV, pt.1, 24 Meijiang River in Guangdong Province For red beds Tertiary.

Meidang Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuxi Sheet Meidang in Eshan County, Yunnan Province For grayish black slate, muddy limestone and calcareous slate with interbeds of siltstone Mesoproterozoic.

Meidigou Sandstone () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 159 Meidigou in Xiangning County, Shanxi Province For sandstone Early Permian. Meifeng Formation ( ) Sui Liangcheng et al., 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: 5 Sheets including Tuokexun Sheet, Changjiatun Sheet, Xinxing Sheet, Furao Sheet and Baihua Sheet Meifeng in Heilongjiang Province Early Cretaceous.

Meihe Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 274 Meihe Coal Field, close to Meihekou City, Jilin Province For conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone with interbeds of coal seams Pleistocene. Meihuagou Formation ( ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lveyang Sheet Meihuagou in Shaanxi Province Dealing

with clastic rocks within the lower part of the original Lveyang Limestone, for limestone Devonian Meihuagou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Meijento Gneiss () Lee J S, with assistance of Chao Y T, 1924, Geology of the Gorges Area of the

Yangtze River from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(4): 350-392 Meirentuo (Meijento), south of Xintan in Three Gorges, Hubei Province For gneiss Presinian.

748

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Meijiang Formation ( ) Meijiang Member Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwest China, Beijing: Science Press Meijiang in Sichuan Province Mid Ordovician.Meijiang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning; Homonymous with Meichiang Beds. Meijiashan Group () Yunnan Bureau of Geological Exploration, 1998, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Digital Geological Map of Yunnan Province Meijiashan in Tengchong County, Yunnan Province Neoproterozoic. Meikeng Formation ( ) Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongshan Sheet Meikeng in Tongshan County, Hubei Province For a component Formation of local Panhsi Group Proterozoic. Meikuanggou Diamictite ( ) Gushan-Meikuanggou Inter-glacial Deposits Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary

Classification of Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qinghai Area, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 29, table 1 Meikuanggou in Kunlun Mt. Area, Qinghai Province For a series of deposits intercalated within the Gushan Diamictite Pleistocene. Meiletu Formation () Compiling Group for Liaoning Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Liaoning Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team Meiletu hill in Zhalute Manner, Zhelimu League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For volcanic lava, volcanic breccia and volcanic sedimentary clastic rocks Early Cretaceous. Meilin Formation () Meilin Red Clay Chen K T, Liu H S, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Chiangsi, (2) Meilin, east of Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province For red clay Quaternary.

Meiling Formation () Meiling Series Feng C L, Chu S S, 1928, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.I, 333. Meiling between Nan’an County and Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province Silurian-Devonian. Meiling Formation () Mei-ling Schichten Richthofen F von, 1882, China, bd.II, 293∼294 Meiling pass in West Hills, Beijing Municipality For coal measure Carboniferous.

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Meilishi Formation () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Deqin Sheet Meilishi in Yunnan Province Late Triassic. Meiluokahe Formation () Meilukahe Formation Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic

Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Meiluokahe river in Boluohuoluoshan Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous. Meipo Formation () Wang Naiwen, 1983, Development of Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Plate Tectonic

Significance of Northern Tibet Lakes Area, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Meipo in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Cretaceous. Meiriqiecuo Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Meiriqiecuo in Shuanghu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For volcanic sedimentary rocks Early Cretaceous.

Meishan Formation () Su M S, Lee T, 1938, Report of Geology and Mineral Resources of Southwestern Tzechuan. Construction Department of Sichuan Province Meishan County, Sichuan Province For gravel beds Quaternary Meishan Formation (1) ( 1) Meishan Beds Lee H T, Wang Y, 1977, Research on the geological tectonic of Likuan in South Cross Mountain Highway, Institute of Taiwan University Meishan located at South Cross Mountain Highway, Taiwan Province Miocene Homonymous with Meishan Group. Meishan Formation (2) ( 2) Hu Pinzhong, Su Houxi, 1981, in Zeng Dingqian ed., Tertiary System of North Continental Shelf of South China Sea, Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 94 Meishan on the island, 69 km southwest of Sanya City, Hainan Province For marine clastics and carbonate rocks Miocene Homonymous with Meishan Group. Meishan Group () Anhui Bureau of Geology, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Anhui Province Meishan in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province For sandy shale, coal-bearing siltstone and limestone Carboniferous Homonym: Meishan Group (1), (2).

750

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Meishan Limestone () Heim A, 1930, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.3, pt.2 Meishan in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province For limestone PermianTriassic Synonymous with Changsing Limestone.

Meishucun Formation () Jiang Nengren, Wang Zunzhou, Chen Yongguang, 1964, Acta Geologica Sinica, 44(2): 137-155 Meishucun in Jinning County, Yunnan Province For phosphorbearing and chert-bearing dolomite Early Cambrian.

Meitan Formation () Meitan Shale Yu C C, 1933, Notes on the Hiatus between the Ichang Limestone

& Neichiashan Formation, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 12(1): 39-42. First appeared in a manuscript by Grabau A W Meitan County in Guizhou Province For grayish green, yellowish green shale with interbeds of siltstone and sandy shale, and alternating beds of limestone and sandy shales in the upper part Early Ordovician Synonym: Malukou Shale. Meitanchung Formation () Liao Shifan, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1): 65-72 Meitanchong (Meitanchung), 1 km north of Gaokeng village, 35 km west of Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province For thin-bedded limestone with black shales in the both lower and upper parts Late Devonian.

Meitanshan Formation () Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yangzhou Sheet Meitanshan in Danyang County, Jiangsu Province For dolomite with interbeds of silicalite Sinian.

Meitian Formation ( ) Meitian Member Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138, table 4. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.201 Coal Fields Geology Team Meitian in Yizhang County, Hunan Province A component member of the Yizhang Formation, for local coal-bearing measure Late Permian Homonymous with Meitien Limestone.

Meitien Limestone ( ) Lee Y Y, 1934, Notes on the Meitien Limestone, an Upper Permian Formation in the Nanling Range, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(2): 233-236 Meitian (Meitien) village, 20 km southwest of Yizhang County, Hunan Province For limestone Late Permian Homonym: Meitian Formation.

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Meitientung Limestone (

) Kao P, Hsu K C, 1943, Geology of West Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (16) Meitiandong (Meitientung) in Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Meiyaogou Formation (1) ( 1) Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous Systems of China, Beijing: Science Press Meiyaogou in Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For coal measure Jurassic Homonym: Meiyaogou Formation (2). Meiyaogou Formation (2) ( 2) Henan Institute of Geological Sciences, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Henan Province. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.3 Henan Geology Team Meiyaogou, east of Luanchuan County, Henan Province For a component formation of the Luanchuan Group Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Meiyaogou Formation (1). Meizicun Formation () See Meizilin Formation. Meizicun Group () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Meizicun in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Late Ordovician. Meizilin Formation () Meizicun Formation (misunderstood name) Compiling Group for Hainan Digital Geological Map, 1998, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Digital Geological Map of Hainan Province. First appeared in a 1994 manuscript by Yao Huazhou et al. Meizilin village, Hele Township, Wanning County, Hainan Province For quartz schist, quartz hornfels. mudstone and sandy crystalline limestone Cambrian Abandoned Synonym: Meizicun Formation. Menbu Formation () Yu Guangming, Xu Yulin, 1983, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Menbu in Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Mid-Late Jurassic.

Mende’ema Formation ( ) Wei Zhensheng, Tan Yueyan, 1983, Outline of Stratigraphy of Tibet, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Mende’ema in Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous. Mende’eyue Formation ( ) Yu Hongjun, 1985, Conodont Biostratigraphy of Middle-Late Silurian in Xainza District, Northern Tibet Autonomous Region, in Contribution to the Geology of the

752

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Mende’eyue in Yongzhu Township, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish gray, grayish white dolomitic limestone Mid Silurian. Mendeluozi Group () Mendeluozi Series Li Pu, 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Mendeluozi in Heiheba District, Tibet Autonomous Region For black asphalt limestone, with red sandstone, shale, with interbeds of parti-coloured sandy shale and conglomerate in the lower part Late Cretaceous. Menduo Formation ( ) Rao Yongbiao, Zhang Zhenggui, 1985, Tibet Geology, (1) Menduo in Tibet Autonomous Region For a part of the Selong Group Permian.

Meng’axiong Group () Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luolong Sheet Meng’axiong in Sichuan Province Triassic. Mengbin Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menglian Sheet Mengbin in Yunnan Province Pliocene. Mengbulake Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baiyanghe Sheet Mengbulake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Devonian. Mengcheng Formation () Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 139. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Mengcheng County, Anhui Province For grayish green, brownish yellow alternating beds of silt and clay Pleistocene. Mengchuan Formation () Yang Jialu, Jin Suyu, Liu Guitao, et al., 1991, Cambrian Stratigraphy, Lithofacies Paleogeography and Trilobita Fauna, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Mengchuan in Yunxi County, Hubei Province For light gray banded muddy limestone, with carbonaceous and dolomite-bearing limestone Late Cambrian. Mengci Formation ( ) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang and Chaoli Sheet Mengci in Shandong Province Late Cretaceous.

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Mengcuonaka Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Mengcuonaka in Batang County, Sichuan Province For clastic rocks and carbonate rocks, with interbeds of volcanic rocks Early Ordovician. Menggu Granite ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 7, chart 2 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For granite Late PalaeozoicEarly Mesozoic. Menghong Group ( ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for

1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaguan Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Fang Zhongjin Menghong village, 20 km southwest of Tengchong County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a part within the original Kaoliang Group, for gray, light purplish red siltstone, mudstone or quartzose sandstone Carboniferous. Mengjia Formation () Yin Jixiang, Fang Zhongjin, 1973, Marine Jurassic in Western Yunnan, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1973(3): 217-235 Mengjia village in Luxi County, Yunnan Province For purplish red sandstone with interbeds of mudstone and gypsum lenticle Mid Jurassic. Mengjialing Marble Member () Zhu Shixing, Chai Donghao, Huangfu Zemin, et al., 1975, On the Geology and Stratigraphy of Zhongtiaoshan Mt. District, Shanxi, in Proceedings of Geological Material of the Symposium on Precambrian of North China Mengjialing in Shanxi Province For the interbeds of marble within the Wenyu Formation Palaeoproterozoic. Mengjiatun Formation () Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Zengqi et al. ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (37), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shandong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 16. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Zhang Lianfeng Mengjiatun in Yuezhuang Township, Xinchun City, Shandong Province For white quartzite Archean. Mengjiku’erhe Formation () No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jinghe Sheet Mingjiku’erhe river in Kekeqin Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Ordovician Synonymous with Chingho Formation.

754

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Mengjingshan Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menghai Sheet Mengjingshan in Menghai County, Yunnan Province For quartz schist with interbeds of metamorphic lenticular basic lava and maghemite Neoproterozoic.

Mengkungao Formation () Menggong’ao Member Hou Hongfei, 1965, Proceedings of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, New ser.B, (1) Menggong’ao (Men-

gkungao), southeast of Shaodong-Jieling between Shaoyang County and Xiangxiang County (80 km southwest of Xiangxiang County), Hunan Province For the alternating beds of limestone and shale within the lower part of the Mengkungao Group Late Devonian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Mengkungao Group. Mengkungao Group () Mengkungao Series Tien C C, Wang H C, 1932, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (13): 4-6 Menggong’ao (Mengkungao), southeast of Shaodong-Jieling between Shao-

yang County and Xiangxiang County (80 km southwest of Xiangxiang County), Hunan Province Dealing with the sum of Mengkungao Formation, Shaodong Formation and Liujiatang Formation (or Malanbian Formation, Tian’eping Formation and Douling’ao Formation), for a series of gray to dark gray thin-bedded limestone with interbeds of gray calcareous shale Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Mengkungao Formation. Mengla Formation () Mengla Group Xu Xian, 1982, Brief Table of Stratigraphy of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing, Geological Publishing House Mengla hill in Ribuqiong valley, Dezhong Township, Menba District, Mozhugongka County, Tibet Autonomous Region For metamorphic stratigraphic body composed of clastic rocks with interbeds of carbonate rocks Late Permian. Mengla Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mojiang Sheet. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Mengla County, Yunnan Province For conglomerate rudite and mudstone Palaeogene. Mengliangyao Member () Mengliangyao Volcanics Member Xu Chaolei, 1980, Shanxi Geology and Technology, (3) Menliangyao in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province A component member of the Daligou Formation of Songjiashan Group, for chlorite schist with interbeds of quartzite and unstable magnetite quartzite in the lower part of the Formation Archean-Palaeoproterozoic.

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Mengshan Group () Mengshan Formation Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and

Sikang (text in press & the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections), Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (15) Mengshan (today Minshan), 1 km west of Minshan County, Sichuan Province Cretaceous. Mengtong Group () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for

1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaguan Sheet. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Metamorphic Rocks Group, Yunnan Bureau of Geology Mengtong street in Changning County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a part subdivided out from the original Chongshan Group, for light metamorphic rocks composed mainly of the gray sedimentary rock of muddy and sandy fine-grained clastic rocks, with a few silicatites and carbonate rocks. Including four formations: Liguo Formation, Chujiashan Formation, Changning Formation and Huitoushan Formation Ordovician. Mengtuan Formation () Mengtong Member Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang

Zengqi et al. ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (37),Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shandong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 232. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.2 Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team Mengtuan Town, Zhucheng City, Shandong Province For alternating beds of yellowish green, purplish red finegrained sandstone and siltstone Late Cretaceous. Mengwang Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 238 Mengwang in Baoshan District, western Yunnan Province Neogene. Mengyashan Formation ( ) Zhang Qiusheng, 1962, Proceedings of Scientific Treatise of Changchun College of Geology, vol. I Mengyashan, 14 km southwest of Dandong City, Liaoning Province Palaeoproterozoic Synonymous with Suzigou Formation.

Mengyejing Formation ( ) Fan Xiquan, 1975, Discussion on some problems in stratigraphic classification

and correlation of Jurassic-Paleogene in Southern Yunnan, Newsletter of Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Southwest China, (6): 46-57 Mengyejing Basin, 26 km northwest of Jiangcheng County, Yunnan Province For a sequence of gypsumbearing muddy sandstone and mudstone Palaeocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Mengyin Formation ( ) Mengyin Series Tan H C., 1923, New Research on the Mesozoic and Early Tertiary Geology in Shantung, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, pt. II, (5): 111 Mengyin County, Shandong Province Early Cretaceous. Mengyueling Formation ( ) Mengyueling Group Ge Meiyu, Chen Xu, Han Zheyuan, Yang Zhiquan, 1983, Cambro-Ordovician strata in Yaxian, Hainan Island, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(1): 41-49 Mengyueling close to Honghua, Yaxian County, Hainan Province Dealing with a sequence of fine-grained clastic rocks, for grayish white, grayish red muddy siltstone, phosphate-bearing fine-grained quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Sinian-Early Cambrian. Menkadun Formation () Mu Enzhi, Yin Jixiang, Wen Shixuan, Wang Yigang, Zhang Binggao, et al., 1973, Tectonic features of the Mount Qomolungma Region in southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (1): 12-24 Menkadun in Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For sandy shale with interbeds of sandstone Mid-Late Jurassic. Menkoushan Formation () Menkoushan Series Li Yingjian, Wu Rongnan, 1959, Acta Geologica Sinica, 39(3): 293-304 Menkoushan in Huagushan Mining District, close to Xinyu, Anyuan, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province A component formation of the Anyuan Group, for coal-bearing series Early Jurassic. Menli Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Sanmenxia Sheet Menli close to Batou, Pinglu County, Shanxi Province For alternating beds of lateritic red and brownish red conglomerate, rudite and mudstone Palaeocene-Eocene.

Menligou Formation () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Ma Runhua ed.), 1998, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (61), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shaanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 187. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Menligou in Yundoutan, Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province For gray, yellow slate and ferruginous limestone Permian. Menshi Group () Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xia Daixiang, Liu Shikun ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (54), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Tibet Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 244. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.156 Team of Tibet Bureau of Geology Menshi Mining Area in Menshi district, Ge’er County,

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Tibet Autonomous Region For coal-bearing clastic rocks Eocene Synonymous with Qiuwu Formation. Mentoukou Formation () Mentoukou Coal Series Yih L F, 1920, Geology of His-shan or Western Hills of Peking, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (1) Mentougou (Mentoukou) in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality For a sequence of coal-bearing strata Early Jurassic.

Menzhong Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000

Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.2 Part, Tibet Bureau of Geology Menzhong in Wen area, Naidong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark metamorphic fine-grained sandstone, muddy limestone and marble, with interbeds of quartzite, siliceous conglomerate, andesite and slate Cretaceous Synonym: Zedang Group, Chenba Formation. Mian’aocun Formation () Mian’ao Formation Cao Zhaoyuan, Xing Lisheng, Yu Qinghe, 1985, Bulletin of Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (5): 65-73 Mian’ao village in Gaomiao Town, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province For brownish yellow and brownish red conglomerate, rudite with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of lenticular gravel-bearing clay Pleistocene.

Miange Formation ( ) Hou Liwei, Luo Daixi, Fu Deming, Hu Shihua, Li Kaiyuan, 1991, Evolution of

Sedimentary Tectonic of Triassic in Western Sichuan and Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Miange close to Marong, Baiyu County, Sichuan Province For volcanic rock with interbeds of conglomerate, sandstone, slate, lenticular limestone and silicalite beds Late Triassic. Mianhe Limestone () Onuki Y, 1951, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.57 Mianhe, east of Jinxing County, Hebei Province For limestone Late Carboniferous.

Mianjiliang Formation ( ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dongquan Sheet Mianjiliang in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous.

Miaochien Formation () Miaochien Series Chen K T, Chunng Y H, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (2), pt.2, 2 Miaoqian (Miaochien) village, 20 km north of Qing’an County, Jiangxi Province Presinian.

758

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Miaochong Formation () Wang Deyou, 1982, Study of the Miaochong Formation of Gushi, Henan, Journal of Stratigraphy, 6(1): 60-63 Miaochong valley in Yangshan Mining Area, Guishi County, Henan Province Composed of muddy siltstone, ferruginous quartzite, with interbeds of silty mudstone, gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone, clayey shale, quartz conglomerate, quartzose sandstone with interbeds of limestone Late Carboniferous.

Miaochuan Formation () Zhu Hongyuan, Tao Jinbao, 1993, Hubei Geology, 7(2): 11-18 Miaochuan in Yunxi District, Hubei Province Late Carboniferous.

Miao’ergou Formation () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Cai Tuci ed.), 1999, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (65), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 30. First appeared in a 1995 manuscript by Du Tianxing Miao’ergou in Balikun Hasake Autonomous County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green tuffaceous sandstone, calcareous sandstone, with interbeds of limestone, schist and marble lenticle Mid-late Ordovician. Miao’erhchuan Formation () Miao’erhchuan Beds Grabau A W, 1931, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser.B, vol.3, fasc.3 Miao’erchuan (Miao’erhchuan), southeast of Chengxian County, Gansu Province For limestone Mid Devonian.

Miaogou Formation (1) ( 1) Miaogou Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 136, chart 32. First appeared in a manuscript by Gan Kewen Miaogou in Alza You Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For dark brownish red muddy sandstone with interbeds of purplish red conglomerate Cretaceous Homonymous with Miaokou Limestone.

Miaogou Formation (2) ( 2) Fu Lipu, Li Yaoxi, Song Lisheng, Wen Yuling, The Silurian of Western Qinling, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(4): 258-271 Miaogou in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province Early Silurian Homonymous with Miaokou Limestone. Miaojia Formation () Compiling Group for Shandong Regional Geological Map, 1997, Explanatory

Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Shandong Province. First appeared in a 1996 manuscript by Qi Liping Miaojia village, close to Sujiadian Town, Qixia City, Shandong Province For alternating beds of leptynite and amphibolite Archean.

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Miaokao Formation () Miaokao Group, Miaokaoshan Group Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt. I, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 126, 516 Miaogao (Miaokao) hills, close to Qujing County, Yunnan Province For thin-bedded limestone with interbeds of shales Late Silurian Synonym: Miaokaoshan Formation. Miaokaoshan Formation () i.e. Miaokao Formation. Miaokou Formation () Miaokou Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 650 Miaogou (Miaokou) in Wuhuzui Coal Field, Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For the coal-bearing strata with interbeds of the Miaokou Shale Early Permian Homonymous with Miaokou Limestone.

Miaokou Limestone () Norin E, 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shansi. Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 26 Miaogou (Miaokou) in Western Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For beds of limestone in Taiyuan Formation of Yuehmenkou Group Early Permian Homonym: Miaokou Shale,

Miaokou Formation, Miaogou Formation (1), Miaogou Formation (2). Miaokou Shale () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 650 Miaogou (Miaokou)in Wuhuzui Coal Field, Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For the shale with the same name within the Miaokou Formation Early Permian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Miaokou Formation. Miaoli Formation () Geographic name Miaoli was Romanized as Byortsu by the Japanese (LSI) Deguchi Y, 1910, Explanatory Statement of Geology and Mineral Resources of Taiwan Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For gray sandstone and shale with interbeds of limestone and soft shale Pliocene-Pleistocene. Miaoling Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1960, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Daxinggou Sheet. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Kliwolski Miaoling in Wangqing County, Jilin Province For grayish black tuffaceous rudite, with interbeds of purplish red, green tuffaceous sandstone and limestone lenticle Early Permian. Miaolintuokaitaoshan Formation () Miaolintuokaishan Formation Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qijiaojing Sheet Miaolintu-

760

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

okaitaoshan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark gray and green basalt, purplish red rhyolite Early Permian. Miaonaoshan Basalt () Ding Guoyu, Gao Weiming, 1964, in Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica ed., 1964, Problems of Quaternary Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 151-166 Miaonaoshan in Jingxing County, Hebei Province For basalt Quaternary.

Miaopo Formation () Miaopo Shale Zhang Wentang, Li Jijin, Qian Yiyuan, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Chuzhen, Zhang Shouxin, 1957, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1957(5): 145-146 Miaopo in Fenxiang, 17 km northwest of Yichang County, Hubei Province For light yellow, grayish black or yellowish green clay stone with interbeds of thinbedded limestone lenticle Mid-Late Ordovician. Miaoposhan Formation () Miaopo Formation Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuchang, Pingdingshan Sheet Miaoposhan close to Miaopo of Tangzhuang, Dengfeng County, Henan Province For white, green, red quartzite with interbeds of thin-bedded iron mineral Proterozoic. Miaoshan Formation (1) ( 1) Yu Jianzhang, Cui Shengqin, Qiu Ganlin, 1964, Acta Geologica Sinica, 44(1): 122 Miaoshan, north of Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For dark purple feldspathic gravel-bearing sandstone Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Miaoshan

Limestone. Miaoshan Formation (2) ( 2) Qu Guansheng et al., 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological

Map: 6 Sheets including Mishan County Sheet, Jidong County Sheet, Hulin County Sheet, Hutou Sheet, Xingkaihu Sheet and Liufenchang Sheet Miaoshan in Heilongjiang Province Early Permian Homonymous with Miaoshan Limestone. Miaoshan Limestone () Chang W Y, 1937, Mem. Inst. Geol. Acad. Sinica, (6): 1, pls.1-3 Miaoshan in Dingyuan County, Anhui Province For bluish gray thick-bedded oolitic limestone Mid Cambrian Homonym: Miaoshan Formation (1), (2). Miaoshanhu Formation ( ) Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhongwei Sheet. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by No.108 Team of Ningxia Petroleum Command PostMiaoshanhu close to Hongyazi, Qingtongxia City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For purplish red brownish red conglomerate, rudite and sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone, grayish white, grayish red marl and sandstone Early Cretaceous.

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Miaoshanpo Formation () Chen Wanyong, 1986, Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 5(1): 89-100 Miaoshanpo, north of Shihuiba village, Lufeng County, Yunnan Province For yellow sandy clay and yellow fine-grained sands Pliocene. Miaowan Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Miaowan, east of Three Gorges, Hubei Province For a component formation of the Kongling Group Proterozoic. Miaozhai Formation () Miaozhai Series Yan S T, Chai T P, 1941, Special Report of Southwest Department of Mineral Resources Exploration, (10) Miaozhai close to Longdong, Zhaotong County, Yunnan Province For coal-bearing deposits with interbeds of marine strata Mid Triassic.

Miboshan Formation ( ) Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongxin Sheet. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Ningxia Integrative Geology Team Miboshan in Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For limestone, slate Mid Ordovician. Micang Formation ( ) Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 106 Misunderstanding of the Milun Formation; Homonymous with Mitsang Limestone. Midiwan Beds () Midiwan Peat Zhou Weijian, An Zhisheng, Zhou Mingfu, 1997, in Liu Jiaqi,

Yuan Baoyin ed., 1997, China Quaternary Geology and Environment, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 176-183 Midiwan in Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province For grayish black silty peat Pleistocene. Mienhsian Formation () Mienhsian Series Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (9): 60, 154-155 Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of bluish gray sandy shale, yellow sandstone, conglomerate and coal seams Jurassic Mienniushih Limestone ( ) Wang H S, Lee C Y, 1930, Geological Reconnaissance along the Nanking-Nanping Section of the Projected Railway Line from Nanking to Canton, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14): 7-11 Mianniushi (Mienniushih) in Mianniushan, southern Anhui

762

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Province For thin-bedded limestone with thickness of about 200 meters, occurring mostly in Fanchang, Xuancheng and Qingxian County Early Triassic. Mienshan Limestone () Liu C C, Chao J C, 1924, Preliminary Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Kiangsu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser. A, (4): 8 Mianshan (Mienshan) in Suining County, Jiangsu Province For limestone Sinian. Mientien Group (! ) Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.I, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 126. First appeared in a manuscript by Ting V K Miandian (Mientien) village, 13 km southwest of Qujing County, Yunnan Province For shale, sandstone and limestone Early Silurian. Migongdong Speleothem ("



) Migongdong Accumulated Strata Huang Wanbo et al., 2000, Longgupo Prehistoric Culture, vol. 2, 7 Migong cavity in Heliang District, Wushan County, Hubei Province For clay, sandy clay Pleistocene. Mihai Member ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Chen Gang Mihai in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Jurassic. Mihei Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Mihei in Xiqiu Township, Muli County, Sichuan Province For dark gray, grayish black carbonaceous and siliceous slate with interbeds of phyllite and crystalline limestone Early Silurian. Mijigan Group ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Mijigan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cambrian-Ordovician A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Mijiucuo Formation () Mijiuxiongcuo Limestone Yang Jingzhi et al., 1962, The Carboniferous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 33. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Wang

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Wenbin who worked in Qinghai Petroleum Survey Team Mijiucuo, 60 km south of Qilinhu lake, central Tibet Autonomous Region For light grayish yellow thickbedded massive limestone with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone, and with interbeds of purple nodular limestone occasionally Early Permian Synonym: Mijiuxiong Limestone, Xiala Formation. Mijiuxiong Limestone () Tibet Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000

Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Wang Wenbin Mijiuxiong (i.e. Mijiucuo), 60 km south of Qilinhu lake, central Tibet Autonomous Region For light grayish yellow thick-bedded massive limestone with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone, and with interbeds of purple nodular limestone occasionally Permian Synonym: Mijiucuo Formation, Xiala Formation. Milan Beds () Wang Wenxian, 1986, A study on the development history of the Quaternary De-

posits of the Lopnur Lake and its adjacent area, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 75-86 Milan ruins, east of Milan River, north foot of Altun Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the boulder, gravel and sands within the lower part of the Milan Formation Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate

relationship: Milan Formation, Milan Group. Milan Formation () Wang Wenxian, 1986, A study on the development history of the Quaternary

Deposits of the Lopnur Lake and its adjacent area, Quaternary Sinica, 7(2): 7586 Milan ruins, east of Milan River, north foot of Altun Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Milan Beds, Anping Beds and Loulan Beds Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Milan Beds; Homonym: Milan Group. Milan Group () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 11 Milan ruins, east of Milan River, north foot of Altun Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with the Archean part within the original Dagelagebulake Group, for a set of metamorphic rocks Archean Homonymous with Milan Formation or Milan Beds; Milan Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Mile Formation (#) Liao Weihua, Xu Hankui, Wang Chengyuan, et al., 1978, Stratigraphic Classification and Correlation of Southwest China, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 193-212 Mile County, Yunnan

764

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Province Composed of the Itate Member (mudstone and marl) and Zaijie (or Zaijieshan) Member (dolomite and limestone) Late Devonian. Miliangpo Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 195 Miliangpo close to Huaqiao, Huaihua County, Hunan Province For dark gray banded limestone and thin-bedded crystalline limestone with interbeds of marls Late Cambrian Miliangpo Formaiton is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Milun Conglomerate () Milun Conglomerate Formation, geographic name Milun was Romanized as Beiron by the Japanese (LSI) Usami M, 1939, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Karenko Sheet Milun in Hualien Area, eastern Taiwan Province For conglomerate Pliocene. Minchia Limestone ($) Gregory J W, Gregory C J, 1925, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, ser.B, vol.213, 220 Minjia (Minchia) in northwester Yunnan Province For limestone Late Devonian Misunderstood Synonym: Mingjia Limestone. Minchiang Formation ( ) Minchiang Series Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (9): 148-149 Minjiang (Minchiang) river between Wenchuan County and Guanxian County, Sichuan Province Silurian-Devonian. Ming’anshan Limestone (%) Ming’anshan Group No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Aohan Banner Sheet Ming’anshan in Lamaqin Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For the marble with interbeds of limestone and marls Ordovician.

Mingcheng Formation (%) Mingcheng Group No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Ye Zhizheng Mingcheng, 30 km north of Panshi County, Jilin Province For the limestone with interbeds of chert bands, hornfels and sandstone with interbeds of limestone Late Carboniferous. Mingchi Formation (%) Mingchi Beds Chou J C, Lin F R, Ma C, 1946, Report of Geol. Min. Surv. Fuchien, (9): 13 Mingxi (Mingchi) County, Fujian Province For grayish black sandy clay, tuffaceous gravel-bearing sands, and lignite Tertiary (revised as Pleistocene by Zheng Fen, 1989, Regional Geology of China, (3)).

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Mingcun Formation (%) Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Weifang Sheet, Shandong Bureau of Geology Mingcun port in Shandong Province Palaeoproterozoic. Minghuazhen Formation (% ) Compiling Group for Shandong Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Shandong Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Jia Zhonghui, Ma Zaitian & Shuai Defu Minghua Town in Nangong County, Hebei Province For alternating beds of purplish red, grayish green mudstone and sandy mudstone Pliocene. Mingjia Limestone (%) See Minchia Limestone (Misunderstanding of Minchia Limestone). Mingjiku’erhe Formation () See Jinghe Formation (). Minglang Formation (%) Chu T H, 1927, Geological Report of Yunnan, pt.II, 20 Minglang village, close to Xixiang, Kunming City, Yunnan Province Carboniferous Homonym: Minglang Member. Minglang Member (%) Minglang Formation Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources &

Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Regional Stratigraphy of NujiangLancangjiang-Jinshajiang Rivers Area, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by No.3 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Minglang Township, Yongde County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a component member within the Hewanjie Formation, for limestone Early Triassic Homonymous with the Minglang Formation. Mingongchaka Limestone ($ ) Zhang Binggao, He Guoxiong, 1984, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Mingongchaka in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Permian. Mingshan Formation () Mingshan Group Wei Min, 1982, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (13). First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Mingshan County, Sichuan Province Dealing with the lower part of the upper member of the original Guankou Formation, for the sum of Jinjiguan Member and Yuguangpo Member, for brownish red muddy siltstone with interbeds or alternating beds of mudstone and marl PalaeoceneEocene.

766

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Mingshangou Limestone (%) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Mingshan valley village, close to Benxi County, Liaoning Province For limestone Permian. Mingshantun Formation (%) Kang Baoxiang, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiajiahe Sheet, Raohe Sheet Mingshantun in Heilongjiang Province Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Mingshashan Group (& ) Compiling Group for Gansu Digital Geological Map, 1998, Explanatory Text for1:500 000 Scale Digital Geological Map of Gansu Province Mingshashan in Dunhuang City, Gansu Province For metamorphic rock body composed of gneiss, schist, marble and amphibolite Archean-Proterozoic. Mingshui Formation (%) No.1 Shandong Geology Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang City, Weifang City and Youxi Sheet Mingshui in Shandong Province Pleistocene.

Mingsinszu Formation (%) Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Geosci. Depart. Liberal Arts. National Chekiang University, (1) Mingxinsi (Mingsinszu) in southeast slope, 15 km northwest of Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For yellow, gray, green shale with interbeds of sandstone Early Cambrian. Mingyin Formation (&) Mu Daocheng, 1978,The Tenticulites Fossil Zone of Devonian of South China,

in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 277-278 Mingyin in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, northwestern Yunnan Province Early Devonian.Mingyin Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Mingyue Formation (% ) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Mingyue Township, Chengkou County, Sichuan Province For grayish green, purplish red tuffaceous conglomerate Sinian. Mingyuefeng Formation (% ) Minyufeng Formation (Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979–1999), 2000, 363, table 18-3) The Integrative Research Team of Marine Geology, Ministry of Geology & Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1989, Paleontological Biota of Continental Areas of East China Sea, Micropaleobotany, Bei-

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jing: Geological Publishing House, 1-324. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Integrative Research Team of Marine Geology, Ministry of Geology Mingyuefengno.1 Hole in Oujiang depression of Continental Basin of East China Sea For a set of coal sands and mudstone-bearing strata Palaeocene-Eocene. Mingyuegou Formation (% ) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mingyuegou Sheet Mingyuegou close to Mingyuezhen Town, Jilin Province Early Jurassic. Mingyuexia Member (% ) Chao King-koo,, Liang His-lo, Zheng Zhuo-guan, 1978, On the Stratigraphical Position of Talung Formation, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(1): 46-52 Mingyuexia in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For the strata part of Tabashannitidaebearing rock within the local Talung Formation Late Permian Mingyuexia Mem-

ber is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Mingyuezhen Speleothem (% 

) Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Mingyuezhen in Jilin Province For speleothem Pleistocene. Minhe Formation ($) Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Qinghai Petroleum Geological Survey Team Minhe County, Qinghai Province Dealing with the strata body of Late Cretaceous fossil composite of Ostracoda and Charophyta within the original lower part of the Sining Group, for brown conglomerate with interbeds of siltstone, silty mudstone and brownish red mudstone with interbeds of gypsum Late Cretaceous Minhe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Minhe Formation () Minhe Series Huang Zhenhui, 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Minhe, south of Dangchang, Gansu Province For sandstone, shale with interbeds of limestone, black limestone Late Carboniferous. Minhou Formation (') Wang Yushuo, 1990, Geology of Fujian, 9(4) Minhou County, Fujian Province For grayish green clay with interbeds of gray silt and clay Holocene.

Minpugou Formation () Minpugou Stage Zhang Yan, 1961, Proceedings of Gansu Bureau of Geology, (8). First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Tianshui Hydrogeology Team

768

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Minpugou in Wenxian County, Gansu Province Composed of siltstone, sandy shale, chlorite sandstone with interbeds of ferrogel, for the sum of Xigou Member and Zhangjiaba Member Mid Devonian.

Minshan Formation ($) Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology

of Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 28. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by No.805 Shandong Geology Team Minshan in Penglai County, Shandong Province A component formation of the Jiaodong Group, for gneiss, schist, quartzite and amphibolite Archean. Minshao Sandstone ($) Huang Y S, 1940, Geology of the Iron Ore Deposits of Imen, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Minshao, 90 km east of Yimen (Imen) County, Yunnan Province For sandstone Early Sinian. Mintang Formation ($) Wan Yu, Yu Changmin, 1965, Chinese Science Bulletin, (12) Mintang in Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray banded limestone and brecciated limestone Mid Devonian. Miqiang Member () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245. First appeared in a manuscript by No.105 Guangxi Geology Team Miqiang in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a component member within the local Nadang Formation Late Triassic. Miri Group () Jain A K, Thakur V C, 1975, Stratigraphy and tectonic significance of the eastern Himalayan Gondwana belt with special reference to the Permo-Carboniferous Rangit pebble slate, Bull. Ins. Geologist Association, 8(2): 50-70 (remains to be verified) Mili (Miri) in Luoyu Area, southeastern Tibet Autonomous Region For a set of light metamorphic clastic rocks with interbeds of volcanic rocks, intercalated with the same name bed Miri Quartzite Formation in it Sinian-Cambrian Synonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Miri Quartzite. Miri Quartzite () Miri Quartzite Formation Jain A K, Thakur V C, 1975, Stratigraphy and tectonic significance of the eastern Himalayan Gondwana belt with special reference to the Permo-Carboniferous Rangit pebble slate, Bull. Ins. Geologist Association, 8(2): 50-70 (remains to be verified) Mili (Miri) in Luoyu Area, sotheastern Tibet

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Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the Miri Group, for quartzite Sinian-Cambrian Synonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Miri Group. Mishan Formation (() Mishan Series, geographic name Mishan was Romanized as Mituzan bu the Japanese (LSI) Morita G, 1943, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 50(595) Mishan coal field in Heilongjiang Province Fr a thick volcanic series in its lower part and a coal-bearing formation with workable coal seams in its upper part Late Jurassic Homonymous with Muling Formation.

Mishigou Formation () Liu Hongfu et al., 1988, Xinjiang Geology, 6(3) Mishigou valley, 45 km south-

west of Bositan Township, Tuokexun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For green, purplish brown greywacke, siltstone and silty slate Early Silurian.

Misibulake Group () Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by No. 2156 Team of Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Misibulake in Kuqa depression, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For conglomerate and round gravel Late Triassic. Mitsang Limestone ( ) Mitsang Limestone Series Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1) Micang (Mitsang) gorge, east of Xiangxi, Zigui County, Hubei Province For limestone Carboniferous-Permian Homonym: Micang Formation.

Miulintuokaitaoshan Formation () No.2 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Palaeozoic of Xinjiang

(Summary of Xinjiang Stratigraphy II), Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House Miulintuokaitaoshan close to Qijiaojing, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For rhyolite and quartz andesite Late Carboniferous.

Mizhenshan Beds (") Saito R, 1939, Report of Geological Institute of Manchuria, (97): 47-49 Mizhenshan in Haicheng County, Liaoning Province Presinian. Moba Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengxian Sheet Moba in Lveyang County, Shaanxi Province Silurian.

Mobin Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 24. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by Hunan

770

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Regional Geological Survey Team Mobin in Huitong County, Hunan Province Neoproterozoic. Mobo Limestone () Wang Yu, Sheng Jinzhang, 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Southern Guizhou Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Mobo village, 1 km east of Ziyun County, Guizhou Province For white thick-bedded limestone Late Permian. Mo-chien-tsin Formation ( ) Mo-chien-tsin Horizon Deprat J, 1912, Etude g´eologique du Yunnan Orien-

tal, pt.I, G´enerale G´eologie, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1, 70-84 Moqinqing (Mo-chien-tsin) in Kaiyuan (Mile) County, Yunnan Province For limestone Late Devonian.

Modaoxi Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Hunan Metallurgy and Exploration Company Modaoxi, 30 km southeast of Taojiang County, Hunan Province For dark gray mudstone, Mn-bearing limestone and manganesite beds Late Ordovician Homonymous with Motaochi Gneiss. Modaoya Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guangyuan Sheet Modaoya close to Shangsi, Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For gray gravel-bearing sandstone with interbeds of grayish green calcareous shale Early Cambrian. Mode Group ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Deqin Sheet Mode in Yunnan Province Carboniferous. Moding Formation ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology

of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 24. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Moding, north of Liujing, Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For dark gray dolomite, silicalite with black chert bands Early Devonian. Mo’ergenhe Formation (  ) Ning Qisheng, Tang Kedong, 1959, Geological Monthly, (8): 37-43. First appeared in a manuscript by Du Qi et al. Mo’ergenhe north of Hailaer, Da Hinggan Mountain, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For andesite and andesitic limestone Early Carboniferous.

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Mogou Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fenxian Sheet Mogou in Shaanxi Province Silurian. Mohe Formation () Tian Yongqing, 1991, The Geology of Greenstone Belt and Metallogenesis of Gold in Wutai-Hengshan Mountains, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Shen Yiwei Mohe in Daixian County, Shanxi Province A component formation in the upper part of the Gaofan Subgroup, for phyllite, schist, metamorphic siltstone, with interbeds of quartzite Archean. Mohe Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional

Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript of Geological Atlas by the Compiling Group, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Mohe close to Wusulijiang River, Heilongjiang Province For the sum of Wusuli Shale and Guguazhan Sandstone Mid Jurassic. Mohe’ershan Formation ( ) Mohu’ershan Group (Lu Yanhao, 1962) Zhang Ridong, 1959, Mem. Inst. Palaeont., Academia Sinica, (2). First appeared in a manuscript by Deng Zihua Mohe’ershan in Kuruktag Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark gray limestone with interbeds of calcareous shales Mid Cambrian. Mohexisayi Formation (  ) Mohexisayi Group Li Yingyang et al., 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mohe’er Sheet Mohexisayi in Tekesi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For phyllite, schist, iron-bearing sandstone and conglomerate Mesoproterozoic. Mohuding Formation ( ) No.1 Shandong Geology Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang City, Weifang City and Youxi Sheet Mohuding in Shandong Province Early Cretaceous.

Mojie Member () Wang Deyou, Yan Guorui, Jiang Yuan, Xi Yunhong, 1987, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Carboniferous and Early Permian in Henan, Beijing: Prospect Press Mojie in Henan Province For a member within the middle part of local Taiyuan Formation Early Permian. Mokou formation ( ) Yuan P L, 1925, Carboniferous Stratigraphy of Northwest Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(1): 29-38 Mogou (Mokou), 35 km south of Linze County (Sha-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

hepu), Gansu Province Composed of conglomerate, sandstone and shale, with interbeds of limestone called Mokou Limestone in the lower part Late Carboniferous Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Mokou Limestone. Mokou Limestone ( ) Yin T H, 1933, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser.B, (11), fasc.3 Mogou (Mokou), 35 km south of Linze County (Shahepu), Gansu Province For limestone beds within the lower part of the Mokou Beds Late Carboniferous Homonym with

the same name and subordinate relationship: Mokou Beds. Molaoba Formation ( ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Karamay Sheet Molaoba in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish gray, grayish green quartz andesite, breccia rhyolite and tuffite with interbeds of rudite Early Permian.

Mole Group ( ) Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript of Geological Conference Mole in Gancha County, Qinghai Province For clastic rocks with interbeds of carbonate rocks Late Triassic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Moling Formation () Moling Coal Series, Muleng Coal Series Wang H S, 1929, Geology and Mineral

Resources of Mo-ling & Mi-shan Districts, Kirin Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (13): 25-31 Muling (Moling) County, Heilongjiang Province For fine-grained feldspar and quartzose sandstone, green tuffaceous sandstone and black shale with interbeds of calcareous shale and coal seams, with conglomerate in the base Early Cretaceous. Moliping Formation ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 80, chart 96 Moliping in Guizhou Province For gray, black muddy limestone with interbeds of dark gray to black calcareous shale Cambrian. Mongshan Formation (&) Mengshan Series (Lee J S, 1939, 461) Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy

of China, pt. I, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 362, 516. First appeared in a 1924 manuscript by Liu C C Mingshan (Mongshan), 5 km west of Leping County, Jiangxi Province For silicalite Early Permian.

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Mopan Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huangbei Sheet Mopan in Hong’an County, Hubei Province For a formation within the Hong’an Group Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Mapan Formation. Mopanjing Formation () Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 58. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Li Yuzhen & Zheng Zhaochang Mopanjing in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For grayish green feldspathic quartzose sandstone and silty slate Cambrian. Mopanshan Formation () Regional Geological Survey Team, Changchun College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jilin City Sheet Mopanshan, 3 km north of Panshi County, Jilin Province For dark gray chert nodular limestone with interbeds of clastic rocks in the base Late Carboniferous.

Mopanyu Formation ( ) North China Institute of Geology, 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 12 Mopanyu in Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For redish gray dolomite Mesoproterozoic. Mopanzhai Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 71 Mopanzhai in Huangpi County, Hubei Province For a component formation of the Hong’an Group Proterozoic. Moqinwula Group ( ) No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mulei Sheet Moqinwula in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early-Mid Devonian A group without any formations de-

viates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Moqishan Sandstone ( ) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Moqishan close to Gangyao, Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province For sandstone Permian-Triassic. Mosetong Formation ( ) No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Mosetong ox pastureland, close

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

to Guyu Township, 44 km north of Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For leptynite, gneiss and amphibolite Palaeo-Mesoproterozoic. Moshan Formation () Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 152. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Moshan in Huaining County, Anhui Province For grayish white quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of shale and siltstone, and with gravel-bearing sandstone and conglomerate in the base and with arkose and carbonaceous mudstone with interbeds of coal seams in the upper part Early Jurassic Moshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Moshigou Formation (1) ( 1) Qinghai Geology Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Xining Sheet Moshigou in Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province For quartzite, quartzitic sandstone with interbeds of siliceous phyllite Mesoproterozoic Homonym: Moshigou Formation (2). Moshigou Formation (2) ( 2) Yu Jixian, Wang Mingsheng, Yang Jianchao, et al., 1985, Henan Geology, 3(4): 55-62Moshigou in Baishan district, Luanchuan County, Henan Province For alternating beds of conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone Mesoproterozoic Synonymous with Dagushi Formation; Homonymous with Moshigou Formation (1). Moshilazi Formation () Moshilazi Sandstone Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continen-

tal Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 51. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by No.112 Jilin Coal Field Team Moshilazi, 6 km southeast of Jiaohe County, Jilin Province Dealing with a component formation within the lower part of the Lafa Group, for sandstone, gravel-bearing sandstone and limestone Early Cretaceous. Moshishan Formation () Moshishan Group Lee C Y, 1961, Acta Geologica Sinica, 41(3/4): 308-324. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Zhejiang Petroleum Geology Team Moshishan located at the boundary between Yongkang County and Jinyun County, Zhejiang Province For a set of complex volcanic rocks Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous. Motaochi Gneiss () Motaochi Schist and Gneiss Hubbard G D, 1937, Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol.48 Modaoxi (Motaochi) between Guanxian County and Weizhou, Sichuan

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Province For schist and gneiss Homonym: Modaoxi Formation. Motianling Formation () Wang Mingzhou, Cheng Liren, 1980, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, (3) Motianling in Tibet Autonomous Region For a part within the Jienu Group Jurassic.

Motong Formation ( ) Peng Xiling, 1993, in Yang Zunyi ed., 1993, Having Pupils Everywhere, Cen-

tennial Memorial Volume of Professor Yuan P L. This book was dedicated to the 30th International Geological Congress, Beijing: China University of Geosciences Press, 139 Motong in northern Shaanxi Province For the part within the local Shihchienfeng Group Late Permian. Motzukou Formation () Motzukou Series Zhang C C, Ren T Y, Hu H K, 1941, Bull. Geol. Surv. Sikang, (1) Mozigou (Motzukou), 25 km northwest of Kangding County, Sichuan Province Devonian Homonym: Mozigou Formation.

Moukeshan Formation ( ) Geographic name Moukeshan was Romanized as Mokkozan by the Japanese Usami M, 1936, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Giran Sheet Moukeshan peak in Taipei County, Taiwan Province Composed mainly of dark

compact sandy and slatey shale, the upper part being characterized by the alternation of clack hard shale and dark fine-grained sandstone Eocene. Mount Jolmolungma Formation () Mt. Everest Calcic Series (Odell, 1925), Mt. Everest Limestone Series (Wager, 1939), Mt. Everest Limestone (Gysin et Lombard, 1960) Yin Jixiang, Guo

Shizeng, 1979, in Scientific Expedition Element Team of Mount Qomolangma of the Integrated Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Mountaineering Party of China eds., 1979, Expedition Report of Mount Qomolangma Region (1975), Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 1-70 Mount Qomolangma in Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the calcareous series within the top of the Mount Qomolangma, for gray fine-grained massive crystalline limestone Ordovician Synonymous with Jiacun Group. Moxia Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 291. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Moxia in Wuning County, Jiangxi Province For purplish red sandstone and conglomerate with interbeds of grayish green calcareous sandstone Late Cretaceous-Palaeocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Moyanshan Granite (  ) Huang Yi, Zhu Fuxiang, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3-4): 211-222 Moyanshan, 15 km southeast of Yangmeisi, Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province For granite. Mozigou Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 28. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by No.10 Sichuan Geology Team Mozigou in Baoxing County, Sichuan Province For a component formation within the local Huangshuihe Group Proterozoic Homonymous with Motzukou Formation. Muben Formation () No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mangkang Sheet, Yanjing Sheet Muben in Yunnan Province Triassic.

Mucha Formation ( ) Geographic name Mucha was Romanized as Mokusaku by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K,1932, Report on the Geology of the Hsinhua Oil Field, Tainan Mucha village in Kaohsiung County, Taiwan Province Mucha Formation was divided into two parts: the alternating beds of sandstone and shale in the lower and the black shale bed in the upper Miocene-Pleistocene. Muchang Formation ( ) Lin Huanling, Wang Jungeng, Liu Yiren, The Cambrian Stratigraphy of Songtao and Tongren, Guizhou & Luxi, Hunan, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(1): 4-23 Muchang village in Songtao Miao Autonomous County, Guizhou Province For grayish black, grayish yellow sandy shale, and fine-grained sandstone; black carbonaceous and phosphotic slate, chert-bearing beds and siltstone Early Cambrian. Muchiapa Formation () Muchiapa Series Huang Y S, 1948, On the Presinian crystalline rocks of the Muchiapa-Sintsi Area in South Shensi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 28(1/2): 34 Mujiaba (Muchiapa), 25 km south of Nanzheng County, Shaanxi Province For muddy metamorphic conglomerate and muddy schist Presinian. Mudanjiang Formation ( ) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 8 Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province For a component formation within the Bamiantong Group Archean. Mu’en Member () Niu Jinqiong, 1978, The Devonian Stratigraphy of Xiangzhou, Guangxi, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution

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to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 10 Mu’en village, close to Xiangzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For alternating beds of thin-bedded limestone and shale, with interbeds of limestone and marls Mid Devonian. Mu’erchang Formation ( ) Hong Hongfei, Wan Zhengquan, Tang Dezhang, Xian Siyuan, 1985, Advances in the studies of Devonian Guixi-Shawozi section of Beichuan, in Longmanshan of Sichuan, Journal of Stratigraphy, 9(3): 186-194 Mu’erchang, north of Ganxi village, Beichuan County, Longmenshan Mountain, Sichuan Province For light gray quartzose sandstone with interbeds of muddy siltstone, including Dishuiyan Member, Gangou Member and Lingguanmiao Member Early Devonian Mu’erchang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Mufushan Formation ( ) Yu Jianhua et al., 1962, Bulletin of Nanking University, Geology, (1) Mufushan in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For dolomite and limestone with interbeds of calcareous shale, chert beds and phosphorite beds Early Cambrian.

Mugagangri Group ( ) Wen Shixuan, 1979, New materials of biostratigraphy in the northern Qiangtang Plateau, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(2): 150-156 Mugagangri, north of Dazecun lake, Nima County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a set of flysch deposits A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classi-

fication. Muge Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Muge in Wutaishan District, Shanxi Province Archean. Mugua Formation () Cai Jiaxin, 1980, Quaternaria Sinica, 5(1) Muguacun village in Wanggong Township, Taigu County, Shanxi Province For grayish yellow fine-grained sands, with interbeds of brownish clay and banded marls and rudite lenticle Pleistocene. Muguahe Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Muguahe close to Xiaomengtong, Dexian County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of purplish red, lateritic red siltstone and sandy mudstone or mudstone Palaeogene.

Muguakeng Formation ( ) Muguakeng Quartzite Xia Bandong, 1962, Bulletin of Nanking University, Geology, (1) Muguakeng (Misunderstanding of Mukeng village) in Xiuning County, Anhui Province For phyllitic sandstone and sandy phyllite Mesoproterozoic Synonym: Mukeng Formation.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Muhua Formation ( ) Xiong Jianfei, 1983, Oil & Gas Geology, 4(4) Muhua village in Changshun County, Guizhou Province For gray, grayish black crystalline limestone, with chert nodule limestone and siliceous limestone in the base Early Carboniferous.

Muhuakuo Formation ( ) Muhuakuo Series Meng H M, Chen K, Ho T, 1937, Geology of the Kocjiu tin-

field, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, in commemoration of Dr. Ting V K, vol.16, 421-438 Muhuaguo (Muhuakuo) in Gejiu, Yunnan Province. Muhulugou Formation ( ) Geographic name Muhulugou was Romanized as Mookhoulougoou by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 154, chart 37 Muhulugou in Helanshan Mountain, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For alternating beds of yellowish green sandstone and shale Early Jurassic. Muji Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Aoshikeshan Sheet Muji in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Silurian-Mid Devonian.

Mujiaqiao Formation () Mujiaqiao Rudite Zhang Yuping, 1978, Cenozoic of Yunnan, Contribution to the Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (7) Mujiaqiao close to Yanggongjiang river, Lijiang County, Yunnan Province For grayish yellow coarse-grained sands, finegrained conglomerate, black sandy clay and soil Pleistocene.

Mujingtang Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Yu Risheng Mujingtang in Hunan Province Late Devonian. Mujiubuqu Formation ( ) Lin Baoyu, 1989, [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral

Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (2) Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Mujiubuqu in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Devonian. Mukeng Formation ( ) i.e. Muguakeng Formation.

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Mulaichong Member ( ) Sheng Jinzhang, 1962, The Permian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 41. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Wang Yu Mulaichong close to Zisong Town, Wangmo County, Guizhou Province For gray chert-bearing nodule limestone Late Permian.

Mulaochai Formation () Mulaochai Series Wang Y L, Hong Y H, Wu H T, 1938, Brief Report of Geology and Mineral Resources, (9): 5 Mulaozhai (Mulaochai), east of Wengxiang, 40 km east of Lushan County, Guizhou Province Early Carboniferous.

Muli Formation () Muli Coal Series Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 179. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Li Zugen Muli in Qinghai Province For conglomerate, coal-bearing clastic rocks and sandy mudstone Mid Jurassic. Mupangpu Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 266. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Jiang Nengren Mupangpu in Xiangyun County, Yunnan Province For quartzose sandstone and shale , with interbeds of coal seams Late Triassic Synonymous with Huaguoshan Formation. Musduk Limestone ( ) Grober P, 1914, Geogr. Abh., bd.X, heft 1 Muziduke (Musduk) Mountain, 60 km northwest of Keping County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone Late Carboniferous. Mushan Formation () Mushan Coal Formation (Geology of the Chinkuashih and Chiufen Districts, Taipei-hsien, Taiwan, Acta Geologica Taiwan, (5)), Geographic name Mushan was Romanized as Mokusan by the Japanese Yen T P, Chen P Y, 1953, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Taipei, Tatunshan and Juifang Sheet, Geological Survey of Taiwan Mushan in Taipei County, Taiwan Province For coal series Miocene. Mushanling Member () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Mushanling in Wutai County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component member within the Nantai Formation, for quartzite, phyllite and marble Palaeoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Mushirebuka Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Mushirebuka in Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the sum of Cameng Formation, Zhanjin Formation and Qudi Formation Carboniferous-Permian.

Mushutun Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Liaoning Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Liaoning Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by No.2 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Mushutun in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province For grayish green basalt with interbeds of sandstone and shale Palaeocene. Musi Formation () Musi Series, geographic name Musi was Romanized as Mousy by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 42, chart 9 Musi in Xinyuan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of parti-coloured sandstone, shale and red coarse-grained sandstone with interbeds of conglomerate lenticle and marls Triassic.

Mutong Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 179. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Mutong close to Huajia, Funing County, Yunnan Province For crystalline limestone, muddy limestone and limestone Mid Ordovician. Muxia Formation () Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Muxia hills in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a formation with the same name within the Muxia group Ordovician Homonym

with the same name and subordinate relationship: Muxia Group. Muxia Group () Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Ti-

bet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 36 Muxia hills in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region A group included Mapangyongcuo Formation, Rangbujiaola Formation, Muxia Formation and Songmusong Formation Ordovician Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Muxia Formation.

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Muyangtan Formation ( ) Lu Songnian, Gao Zhenjia, 1990, Bulletin of No. 652 Integrative Team, (9), Beijing: Gelogical Publishing House Muyangtan, 0.5 km southwest of Youermeinake village, Wushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A component formation within the lower part of Qiao’enbulake Group, for alternating beds of calcareous siltstone and fine-grained sandstone Neoproterozoic. Muyuzi Formation ( ) Yu Jianhua, 1995, Journal of Stratigraphy, 19(3): 220-228 Muyuzi in Huanren County, Liaoning Province Dealing with the purple ferruginous rock, gray aluminous rock and black muddy shale within the base of Penchi Formation Early Carboniferous Homonymous with Hutian Formation. Muzha’erte Group ( ) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 13 Muzha’erte in southern slope of the Ha’erke Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For migmatite and gneiss Palaeoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Muzhailing Formation () Huang Zhenhui, 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Muzhailing, north of Minxian County, Gansu Province For sandstone with interbeds of slate and limestone Late Carboniferous. Muzisayi Formation ( ) Feng Mingdao, Li Tiande, et al., 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bashikaogong Sheet Muzisayi in Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Muzisayi Formation is divided into three parts: the phyllite and schist, quartzite and siltstone, and limestone and dolomitic limestone, in ascending order Mesoproterozoic. Muztag Complex () Muztag Ophiolite Melange Molnar P, Burchfiel B C, Zhao Z Y, et al., 1987, Science , 235: 299-305 Muzitage (Muztag) in Kunlun Mountain, eastern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For complex Early Carboniferous. Muzuo Formation ( ) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingwu Sheet Muzuo in Pingwu County, Sichuan Province For metamorphic conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone and sandstone Sinian.

N Naba Formation () No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Naba located at the eastern bank of Nujiang River, 3 km northeast of Raojin Township, Zuogan County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray muddy limestone, slate with interbeds of mudstone, limestone with interbeds of calcareous silty slate Mid Devonian. Nabiao Formation () Nabiao Member Wei Renyan, Zhang Bufei, 1978, Preliminary Knowledge to

the Devonian Stratigraphic Classification of Guangxi, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-8. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by No.5 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Nabiao in Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gray, grayish yellow dolomitic mudstone with interbeds of limestone and quartzose sandstone, and with black or light purple mudstone in the lower part Mid Devonian Synonymous with Tangxiang Formation. Nacheng Formation () Nacheng Series Lee J S, Chao T K, Chang W Y, 1941, Stratigraphic Tables of Kwangsi, Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica. First appeared in a manuscript by Lee C & Chang W Y Nazhen (Nacheng), west of Jiqiaoling, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For rhyolite, basalt, purple tuffite, breccia, and shales Cretaceous. Nachigou Formation () Cui Zhijiu, Wu Yongqiu, Liu Gengnian, 1988, Record of Natural Section of the Pass of Kunlun Mt. on Qinghai-Tibet Highway, in Shi Yafeng et al., ed. 1988, The Late Cenozoic Uplift and the Evolution of Environment of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 83-102 Nachigou close to the pass of Kunlun Mt., Qinghai Province. Nacuo Group () Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team & Nanjing Institute of Geology and

Palaeontology, 1982, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Western Sichuan and Eastern Tibet, Chengdu: Sichuan People’s Publishing House Nacuo in Sichuan Province Early Permian. Nadang Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxiang, Chongzuo, Dongxingyouyi Sheet. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Chen Gang Nadang close to Baibao, Shangsi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gray, yellow sandstone, with interbeds of purplish red mudstone Early Jurassic.

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Nadigangri Formation ( ) Nadigangri Group Wu Ruizhong, Chen Deuan, et al., 1986, Stratigraphic System in Qiangtang Districts, Northern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (9), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Nadigangri in Qiangtang Districts, Tibet Autonomous Region Late Jurassic. Nadingcuo Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Nadingcuo in Tibet Autonomous Region Paleocene. Nadong Formation ( ) Yang Jialu, 1987, Middle and Upper Cambrian Series and Trilobita Fauna, in Contribution to Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, fasc. 4 Nadong located the boundary between Hunan Province and Guizhou Province, in Hunan Province Mid Cambrian Synonymous with Aoxi Formation.

Nadu Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yin Baoan ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (45), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 217. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Guangxi Petroleum Geological Survey Team Nadu village in Tiandong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish green brown mudstone with interbeds of coal seams Eocene. Na’erhong Formation () Jilin Coal Field Exploration Company, 1975, Atlas of Coal Resources of Jilin Province Na’erhong in Huadian County, Jilin Province For andesite, andesitic breccia, rhyolite and rhyolitic tuffite, with interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone Cret-

aceous. Nagaoling Formation () Nagaoling Shale Wang Yu, 1955, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 3(2): 83-114 Nagaoling, north of Liujing station, Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For yellowish brown, yellowish green thin-bedded shale, with interbeds of calcareous, sandy mudstone and marls, included unreasonably subdivided Nagaoling Member and Mahuangling Member Early Devonian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Nagaoling Member. Nagaoling Member () Hou Hongfei, Xian Siyuan, 1975, Brachiopods of Early-Mid Devonian of Guangxi and Guizhou, in Proceedings of Palaeontology, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Nagaoling, north of Liujing station, Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Early Devonian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Nagaoling Formation.

784

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Naicun Formation () Cheng Yuqi ed., 1994, Concise Regional Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 44, table 4 The misunderstanding of Nailin Diamictite. Naij Tal Diamictite () Naij Tal Till Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 85 Naij Tal close to the pass of Kunlun Mt., Qinghai Province For gray, parti-coloured muddy and sandy pebble Pleistocene Homonymous with Naij Tal Group. Naij Tal Group () Naij Tal Series Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale,

1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Qinghai Bureau of Geology Naij Tal, south of Golmud City, Qinghai Province For the strata body of light metamorphic rocks occurring between Dagangou and Xidatan Paleozoic Homonym: Naij Tal Diamictite. Nailenggeledaban Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript of Stratigraphic Conference Nailenggeledaban located at the upper reaches of the Nanjifuke river, Jinghe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks with interbeds of clastic rocks and limestone lenticles Mid Ordovician. Nailin Diamictite () Nailin Formation Liaoning Hydrogeologic Survey Team, 1983, The Quaternary of Liaoning, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Nailin close to Sanjiazi, Ningcheng County, Liaoning Province For brownish yellow, tangerine mudgravel and gravel beds Pleistocene Misunderstood synonym: Naicun Formation. Naimingshui Group (%) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32 ], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 140 Naimingshui in Qingshui district, Kalamaili Mt., eastern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Jiangbasitao Formation and Narenkala Formation Early Carboniferous. Nainaimiao Formation () Chen Meng’e, Zheng Wenwu, 1986, On the Pre-edicaran Huainan Biota, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1986(3): 221-130 Nainaimiao in Huainan District, Anhui Province Sinian.

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Naitoushan Basalt () Wang Yushuo, Sun Jianzhong, 1980, Jilin Geology, (3) Naitoushan, north of Baitoushan, Changbai County, Jilin Province For basalt Pliocene.

Naizhatashi Group () Ding Fuquan et al., 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Western Kunlun-Muji-Tashiku’ergan District Naizhatashi in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous.

Naizishan Formation () Yang Xuelin, Li Baoxian, Li Wenben, et al., 1978, Younger Mesozoic continental strata of the Jiaohe Basin, Jilin, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(2): 131-145 Naizishan, 4 km southeast of Jiaohe County, Jilin Province Composed mainly of conglomerate and coal-bearing strata Late Jurassic.

Najiao Formation ( ) Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, Fang Dawei, 1964, Chinese Science Bulletin, (11) Najiao, south of Liujing station, Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For alternating beds of dolomite and silicalite, composed unreasonably subdivided Miding Formation and Najiao Formation Mid Devonian.

Nakeshiqijiang Formation (

) Nakeshiqijiang Group Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Nakeshiqijiang located at the southern bank of the Ye’erqiang river-Karakunlun river, southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For light gray limestone, grayish green metamorphic siltstone and brown limestone Mid Ordovician.

Nalaching Formation () Nalaching Series Tseng F J, 1945, Geology of the Coal Field of Nalaching, Yungren, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36) Nalaqing (Nalaching) in Yongren County, Yunnan Province For coal series, included Daqing Beds, Daqiaodi Beds, Taojiadu Beds and Bingnan Beds Late Triassic.

Nalati Group () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 13 Nalati hills in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the local metamorphic rocks Palaeoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification.

786

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Nalu Formation () Yin Hongfu, Yang Fengqing, et al., 1992, The Triassic of the Qinling Mountain and Its Adjacent Area, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Nulu in Gansu Province Late Triassic. Namche Bava Group ( ) Zheng Xilan, Chang Chengfa, 1979, A preliminary note on the tectonic features of the lower Yalu-Tsangpo River region, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1979(2): 116126 Namche Bava Mt., south of Menyu-Luoyu Area, Tibet Autonomous Region For schist, gneiss, leptynite, migmatite and marble Presinian Synonymous with Nyalam Group. Namucuo Group () Namuhu Group (“The Lithostratigraphic Dictionary of China”, 2000) Han Ton-

glin, 1983, The Paleozoic and Discussion on Its Sequence of Northeastern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 93-103 Namucuo in Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the sum of Cuobuzha Formation, Dalakongma Formation and Enmari Formation Carboniferous-Permian. Namunani Group () Liang Dinyi et al., 1991, in Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Namunani in Tibet Autonomous Region Precambrian. Nanbaishuihe Formation ( ) Qian Jiaqi, 1986, Gansu Geology, Special Issue Nanbaishuihe in Suli Township,Tianjun County, Qinghai Province For the strata body composed of light metamorphic parti-coloured clastic rocks with interbeds of slate and carbonate rocks below the Hua’erdi Formation Meso-Neoproterozoic. Nanbanhe Formation ( ) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuanyang Sheet, Daluma Sheet Nanbanhe in Jinping County, Yunnan Province For gray quartzose siltstone with interbeds of muddy siltstone Mid Ordovician Synonym: Tongchang Formation (2). Nanbian Member () Zhang Xianqiu, Division and biota of the Luofozhai Group in the Pingling section of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 239-254 Nanbian in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For the upper member of the local Baoyue Formation Paleocene. Nanbiancun Formation () Wei Weilie, Dai Guogu, et al., 1987, Bulletin of Guilin College of Metallurgical Geology., 7(3): 151-158 Nanbiancun in the southern suburbs of Guiling

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City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous Nanbiancun Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Nanbianshan Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Nanbianshan in Bixishan Mt., Mojiang County, Yunnan Province A component formation of the Mojiang Group, for clastic rocks with interbeds of carbonate rocks and silicalite Mid-Late Devonian. Nanbigou Formation () Hainan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Cheng Zhepei ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (46), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hainan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 20. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Li Ming, Xu Zhenlin, et al. Nanbigou in Changjiang County, Hainan Province For slate, phyllite, metamorphic quartzite, siltstone, with interbeds of volcanic rocks Ordovician. Nanchang Formation ( ) Chu T O, Wu Y S, Wang Y, Ma C T, 1934, Research on Ground Water, (1): 3 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province Sinian. Nanchao Formation () Tong Yongsheng, Wang Jingwen, 1980, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 18(1): 21-27 Nanchao close to Chuankou, Lingbao County, Henan Province For lateritic red sandy clay stone with interbeds of conglomerate Late Cretaceous. Nancheng Sandstone () Nancheng Red Sandstone, Nancheng Series Tan H C, Wang S W, 1930, Geological Reconnaissance along the Projected Railway Line from Nanchang to Fuchow, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14): 1-6 Nancheng County, Jiangxi Province For red sandstone Cretaceous. Nanchiang Formation ( ) Liu Diyong, Chen Xu, Zhang Tairong, 1964, Memoirs of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Stratigraphy, (1): 161-170 Nanjiang (Nanchiang) County, Sichuan Province For black, grayish green, grayish yellow shale with interbeds of thin-bedded sandstone Early Silurian. Nanching Quartzite () Hou T F, Wang Y L, Chang C C, 1935, Geological Reconnaissance between Sungyen and Amoy, Fukien, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (25): 2 Nanjing (Nanching) County, western Fujian Province Composed mainly of quartzite and conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone, sandy shale or phyllitic shale Jurassic

788

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Nanchuang Formation () Nanchuang Coal Formation, geographic name Nangchuang was Romanized as Nansho by the Japanese (LSI) Ho C S, Tsan S F, Pan C W, Yang Y T, 1954, Geology of the Nanchuang coalfield, Miaoli, Taiwan, Bull. Geol. Surv, Taiwan, (6) Nanchuang Town, close to Chunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan Province At the typical place, divided into three members: the lower, Kanyuan; the middle, Fanposhih, and the upper, Funan sandstone member Miocene Homonym: Nanchuang Group. Nanchuang Group () Lin C C, 1954, Geology of Taiwan, in Taiwan Hsin-Chih, China Culture Publishing Foundation Nanchuang Town, close to Chunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Included the Nanchuang Formation and the Kueichulin Formation Miocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Nanchuang Formation. Nancun Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laoheshan Sheet Nancun in Laoheishan Township, Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish black andesitic basalt, andesite, andesitic brecciated tuff lava and brecciated limestone Late Triassic Homonym:

Nancun Gravel Beds. Nancun Gravel Beds () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 301 Nancun in Luhuo County, Sichuan Province For gravel beds and Huangtu beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Nancun Formation. Nandaling Formation () Compiling Group for Beijing Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Beijing Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Nandaling in Mentougou District, Beijing Municipality For dark gray, grayish green, blackish gray basalt, andesite, agglomerate, with interbeds of yellowish brown sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone or shale (i.e. original“Western Hills Diabase”or“Western Peking Basalt”) Early Jurassic. Nandan Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yin Baoan ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (45), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 142. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gray crystalline limestone Carboniferous-Permian.

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Nandatashan Formation () Li Zhongwen, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhenbaodao Sheet Nandatashan in Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province For light gray, dark gray quartz andesite with interbeds of yellowish green rhyolitic tuffite Early Jurassic. Nandaxian Member ( ) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Nandaxian in Wutai County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component member within the Dashiling Formation, for dolomite Palaeoproterozoic. Nandian Formation (1) (  1) Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 39. First appeared in a manuscript by No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team Nandian close to Qingshila village, Fengning County, Hebei Province For a component formation of the Shuangshanzi Group Archean Homonym: Nandian Formation (2). Nandian Formation (2) (  2) Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Hebei Province , Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 225. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team Nandian close to Qingshila village, Fengning County, Hebei Province For sandy shale with interbeds of rudite Cretaceous Synonym: Xiadian Formation; Homonymous with Nandian Formation (1). Nanduan Formation () Guo Fuxiang, 1985, Yunnan Geology, 4(3). First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by No.5 Element of Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Nanduan Township, Menglian County, Yunnan Province For grayish white quartzose sandstone, greywacke and slate Carboniferous. Nanfen Formation ( ) Nanfen Shale Oji O, 1928, Proc. Imp. Acad, vol.IV, (103) Nanfen Town, 25 km south of Benxi City, Liaoning Province For green marly shale and slate, with interbeds of purple and green thin-bedded limestone and shale Presinian. Nangang Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy

790

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

(Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 203 Nangang in Shanggao County, Jiangxi Province For carbonaceous and muddy shale, sandstone and siltstone, with interbeds of silicalite beds or limestone lenticles Early Permian Homonymous with Nankang Formation. Nangao Formation () Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Duyun Sheet Nangao in Danzhai County, Guizhou Province Early Cambrian Synonymous with Kaili Formation; Homonymous with Nankao Formation. Nangou Formation (1) ( 1) Wu Tieshan, Xu Chaolei, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet Nangou in Jingle County, Shanxi Province Archean Homonym: Nangou Formation (2), Nangou Formation (3). Nangou Formation (2) ( 2) Wang Mingsheng, Li Jiecai, Yu Jixian, Zhao Wendian, 1984, Henan Geology, 2(1): 36-41 Nangou in Henan Province Early Paleozoic Homonymous with Nangou Formation (1). Nangou Formation (3) ( 3) Xia Zhengkai, 1993, Geologic Age and Classification of the Nihowan Beds, in Editorial Commission of Proceedings of Centennial Memorial Volume of Professor Yuan Fuli ed., Proceedings of Centennial Memorial Volume of Professor Yuan Fuli, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 11-13 Nangou in Yangyuan County, Hebei Province Dealing with the part of brownish red gravel beds belong to Neogene within the base of the local Nihowan Beds Neogene Nangou Formation (3) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning; Homonymous with Nangou Formation (1); Synonymous with Dongyaozitou Formation and Daodi Formation. Nangouhe Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangzhou Sheet Nangouhe in Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province Early Permian Nangouhe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Nangouyu Formation ( ) Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chengde Sheet Nangouyu in Hebei Province Late Jurassic. Nanguang Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mengla, Shangyong Sheet Nanguang close to

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Manbing, Menhan Township, Jinghong County, Yunnan Province For tuffaceous clastic rocks and tuffite with interbeds of sandstone and muddy slate Late Devonian. Nanhao Formation () Hainan Geology Team(Han Zheyuan), 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale

Geology and Mineral Resources Map of Hainan Island, Guangdong Province Nanhao village in Baoting County, Hainan Province For grayish white siltstone, quartzose sandstone and silty slate, with conglomerate in the base Early

Carboniferous. Nanhsiung Formation () Fong K L, Chu H S, 1927-1928, Preliminary Report on the Geology and Min-

eral Resources of Chu Chiang, Jen Hua, Nanhsiung and Shih Hsing Districts of Northern Kwangtung, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.1, 29-54 Nanxiong (Nanhsiung) County, Guangdong Province For red and other parti-coloured shale, sandstone or conglomerate, with interbeds of limestone locally Late Cretaceous. Nanhu Formation ( ) Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 307. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Gansu Regional Geomechanics Survey Team Nanhu Township, southwest of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province For brown rudite beds, salt crystal fragment-bearing yellowish brown, yellowish green muddy siltstone Pleistocene. Nanhua Schist ( ) Li C, Chu S, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (9): 52 Nanhua pond in Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province For schist Cambrian.

Nanhuashan Formation () Huo Fucheng, Zheng Zhaochang, 1988, Geological Review, 34(1) Nanhuashan in Haiyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For grayish green chlorite

schist with interbeds of marble and quartzite lenticle; quartz schis with interbeds of marble Mesoproterozoic. Nanhui Formation () Wang Pinxian, 1998, in Li Congxian, Wang Pinxian, 1998, Research on Estuary–

Stratigraphy of Late Quaternary of Yangtze River, Beijing: Science Press, 7. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Wuxi Laboratory of Geological Central, Ministry of Geology Nanhui County, Shanghai Municipality For hard clay beds in underground Pleistocene

792

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Nanhuishan Formation () Cheng Shoude, 1979, Xinjiang Geology, (1) A composite name of Huangshan

and Huishan, southeast of Kawabulake, Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish black silicalite with mudstone and marls Mid Cambrian-Ordovician. Nanhung Formation ( ) Nanhung Shale Chang W Y, Chen C T, 1938, Brief Rep. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol., (7) Nanhong (Nanhung) in Laibin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For shale Early Triassic.

Nanhuoxiu Formation ( ) Zhu Xiangkui, 1965, in North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology

ed., Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, Tianjin, North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 160 Nanhuoxiu close to Bayansipie, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For white quartzite Sinian. Nanjing Member () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 124 Nanjing close to Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality Dealing with the lower component member within the Tahungyu Formation, for quartzose sandstone Mesoproterozoic. Nanjinguan Formation ( ) Nanjinguan Limestone Formation Zhang Wentang, 1962, The Ordovician System of China, Beijing: Science Press Nanjinguan located at the eastern mouth of the Three Gorges, southeast of Yichang County, Hubei Province For limestone Early Ordovician Synonym: Ichang Limestone.

Nankang Formation () Nankang Sandstone Formation. Geographic name Nankang was Romanized as Nanko by the Japanese (LSI) Ishikawa Y, 1930, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Taihoku Sheet Nankang Hill, southwest of Nankang, Taipei County, Taiwan Province For sandstone and shale Miocene Homonym: Nan-

gang Formation. Nankang Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology

of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 274 Nankang in Hepu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Neogene.

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Nankang Granite ( ) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 460 Nankang, north of Jiangxi Province For granite Proterozoic Homonym:

Nankang Formation. Nankang-Tsouho Formation (– ) Geographic names Nankang and Tsouho were Romanized as Nanko and Sogo by the Japanese (LSI) Tan K, 1938, Geological Report on the Shantzechiao Oil Field, Taipei Nankang and Tsouho in Taipei County, Taiwan Province Miocene.

Nankangzhuang Formation () No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kaiyuan Sheet. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by No.1 Element of Ministry of Geology Nankangzhuang, south of Dadianzi, Tieling County, Liaoning Province For conglomerate, sandstone, andesite, with interbeds of tuff, sandy conglomerate, mudstone, limestone and coal seams MidLate Jurassic. Nankao Formation () Nankao Coal Series Ting V K, 1919, Shanghai Harbour Investigation, ser. 1, rep.1, Whangpoo Conservancy Board Nangao (Nankao) located at northwest of Changxing County, Zhejiang Province For coal-bearing strata Late Permian Homonym: Nangao Formation.

Nankaofeng Limestone () Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 471 Nangaofeng (Nankaofeng) in Zhejiang Province For dark blue limestone Early

Permian. Nankeng Member ( ) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1983, Regional Geol-

ogy of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 184. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.706 Guangdong Geology Team Nankeng close to Dawan, Yingde County, Guangdong Province Dealing with the upper member of the Gengkou Formation, for siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of carbonaceous shale, coal seams and conglomerate Late Triassic. Nankenghe Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menghai Sheet Nankenghe in Lancang County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Lancang Group, for gray metamorphic quartzose sandstone, schist with interbeds of phyllite Neoproterozoic.

794

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Nanking Basalt ( ) Richthofen F von, 1912, China, bd.3, 711 Nanjing (Nanking) City, Jiangsu Province For basalt Neogene Homonymous with Nanking Sandstone. Nanking Sandstone ( ) Loczy L Von, 1893, Die wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Reise des Grafen Bela Szechenyi in Ostasien 1877–1880, bd. 1, 348-358. Wien Nanjing (Nanking) City, Jiangsu Province For sandstone and quartzite Devonian-Carboniferous Ho-

monym: Nanking Basalt. Nankou Group () Nankou Group Chang H C, Wong W H, 1916, Notes showing the course attended by the teachers and students (or Shidi Xiuyeji), or perhaps Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.I, 15-16 Nankou in Changping County, Beijing Municipality Nankou Group is largely calcareous, comparing the great Nankou Limestone which in turn is overlain by the black Hsiamaling Shale Presinian Homonym: Nankou Limestone. Nankou Limestone () Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.I, 15-16 Nankou in Changping County, Beijing Municipality Nankou Limestone forms the main rock of the Nankou range. A large portion of Nankou Limestone is thin-bedded, and contains abundant of chert. Hence it is often referring to the siliceous limestone under which it is mapped in Western Hills Presinian Homonymous with Nankou Group

Nankuanling Formation ( ) Nankuanling Stage Matsushita S, 1931, Reptort of Ryojun College of Engineering, 1(1) Nanguanling (Nankuanling), 10 km southwest of Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For limestone and argillaceous limestone Presinian.

Nanle Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menghai Sheet Nanle in Lancang County, Yunnan Province For a component formation within the Lancang Group Neoproterozoic. Nanlin Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tengchong Sheet, Yinjiang Sheet. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Yunnan Petroleum Geology Team Nanlin close to Daxianglou, Lianghe County, Yunnan Province For gray conglomerate, rudite and muddy siltstone with interbeds of carbonaceous mudstone and lignite beds Miocene. Nanling Formation (1) ( 1) T’an H C, 1924, Geology of the Tan-yuan Coal Field, and Ho Kang Coal Field, Heilungkiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6): 1-12 Nanling, south of Hegang Min-

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ing Area, Heilongjiang Province For white and yellow conglomerate Jurassic Homonyms: Nanling Formation (2), Nanling Formation (3). Nanling Formation (2) ( 2) Nanling Series Lee C, 1936, Geological Review, 1(3): 311 Nanling close to Simen, Luocheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Sinian Homo-

nymous with Nanling Formation (1). Nanling Formation (3) ( 3) Nanling Series, geographic name Nanling was Romanized as Nanrei by the Japanese (LSI) Morita G, 1943, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 50(595): 111-113 Nanling close to Beipiao County, Liaoning Province For conglomerate and volcanic agglomerate Mid Jurassic Homonymous with Nanling Formation (1). Nanling Granite ( ) Huang Y S, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 212 Nanling Mountain between Guangdong Province and Hunan Province For granite Cretaceous Homonymous with Nanling Formation (1). Nanlinghu Formation ( ) Weang Changyi, Liu Xuegui, Hu Furen, 1966, Acta Geologica Sinica, 46(2): 163-172 Nanlinghu, south of Tongling County, Anhui Province For limestone Early Triassic. Nanlong Formation () Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources & Hainan Bureau of Geol-

ogy and Mineral Resources, 1992, Geology of the Hainan Island (1), Stratigraphy and Palaeontology. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team Nanlong in Dongfang County, Hainan Province For alternating beds of fine-grained sandstone and mudstone Early Permian. Nanlongbu Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang and Chaoli Sheet Nanlongbu in Shandong Province Early Cretaceous. Nanloushan Formation () Jilin Institute of Geology, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Jilin Province. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by No. 2 Institute of Jilin Bureau of Geology Nanloushan in Changshan Township, Huadian County, Jilin Province For breccia tuff, tuffite, andesite and rhyolite Early Jurassic. Nanmenguan Diamictite ( ) Nanmenguan Till Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 87 Nanmenguan in Gonggashan Mountain, Sichuan Province For diamictite Pleistocene.

796

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Nanmenxia Group () Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Nanmenxia in Qinghai Province Late Cambrian. Nanmingshui Formation (%) Nanmingshui Phyllite Yuan P L, 1948, Science Report of Tsinghua University, 3(3): 221 Nanmingshui close to Yuanhu, northeast of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark green muddy phyllite Early Paleozoic.

Nanmugou Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology

of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 40. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Dongchuan Geology Team Nanmugou in Zhongxi, Xiushan County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component formation within the local Panhsi Group, for grayish white quartzose sandstone and gray arkose, with interbeds of slate Mesoproterozoic. Nanmuling Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menghai Sheet Nanmuling in Menghai County, Yunnan Province For black quartz schist with interbeds of schist and carbonaceous beds Neoproterozoic.

Nanmutu Conglomerate () Liu C Y, 1948, Contr. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica, (7) Nanmudu (Nanmutu) in Guizhou Province For conglomerate Neogene.

Nannihu Formation ( ) Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, (11) Nannihu village in Luanchuan County, Henan Province For limestone and calcareous schist Neoproterozoic.

Nanning Formation () Nanning Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 479 Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For red beds Tertiary.

Nannong Formation () Hu Jianxiong, Xu Jinkun, 1991, Precambrian Geology of Southwestern Zhejiang, Precambrian Geology, (5), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Nannong in Longquan City, Zhejiang Province For alternating beds of leptynite, amphibolites with interbeds of marble Mesoproterozoic.

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797

Nanpanchiang Limestone ( ) Sun Y C, 1944, Sci. Rec. Academia Sinica, (3/4) Nanpanjiang (Nanpanchiang) in southeastern Yunnan Province For limestone Early Devonian. Nanpiao Formation () Nanpiao Series, geographic name Nanpiao was Romanized as Nanpyo by the Japanese (LSI) Chang L H, 1944, vior Cho B, 1944, Mem. Mining Geol. Sec. Bureau of Economic Res., South Manchuria Railway Co., (1) Nanpiao Coal Field in Jinxi County, Liaoning Province For coal-bearing strata Carboniferous-Permian. Nanpihe Formation () Lan Chaohua, Sun Cheng, Fan Jiancai, Fang Runsen, 1983, The Carboniferous

and Permian Systems in Zhenkang and Luxi District, western Yunnan, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 79-92 Nanpihe close to Sipaishan, Gengma County, Yunnan Province For dark gray, grayish black, yellowish green shale, carbonaceous and muddy siltstone, silty shale and quartzose sandstone with interbeds of coal seams Late Permian. Nanping Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.109 Team of Heilongjiang Coal Field Exploration Company Nanping in Taipingchuan Coal Field, Buteha Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish white, grayish green conglomerate, coarse-grained sandstone, fine-grained sandstone, mudstone and thin coal beds, with interbeds of tuffite occasionally Mid Jurassic. Nanping Formation () Nanping Basalt Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yushuo, 1984, Chronological study of

Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 30-37. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team Nanping Town in Helong County, Jilin Province For the sum of Xiping Basalt, Malianhe Basalt, Guangping Basalt, Chengqianglazi Basalt, Sanhutun Basalt and Baijianghe Basalt Pleistocene. Nanpoziquan Formation () Jin Songqiao, 1974, Acta Geologica Sinica, 48(2): 157-174. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by Guo Jingxin Nanpoziquan in Subei County, Gansu Province Early Carboniferous. Nanqiao Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 6. First appeared in a 1995 manuscript by Tang Xiaoshan et al. Nanqiao

798

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

in Liuyang City, Hunan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Lengchiahsi Group, for grayish green greywacke, silty slate with interbeds of basalt Mesoproterozoic. Nanshan Conglomerate () Nanshan Sandstone Yih L F, Liu C C, 1919, The Coal Field of Ling Yu Hsien, Chihli, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (1) Nanshan, 3 km southwest of Shimenzhai, Linyu (Ling Yu) County (today Qinhuangdao City), Hebei Province For conglomerate Carboniferous Homonymous with Nanshan Sandstone.

Nanshan Formation (1) ( 1) Nanshan Series, geographic name Nanshan was Romanized as Nanzan by the Japanese(LSI) Endo R, 1928, Manchuria Teachers Collage Research series, vol. 3 Nanshan close to Jinzhou station, Luda City, Liaoning Province For alternating beds of siliceous shale and banded quartzite Proterozoic Homonymous with Nanshan Sandstone. Nanshan Formation (2) ( 2) Gong Shifu et al., 1987, Geology of Fujian, 6(2) Nanshan in Jianyang County, Fujian Province For leptynite and schist Presinian Homonymous with Nanshan Sandstone. Nanshan Formation(3) ( 3) Ma Changxin, Liu Guirong, Lu Guide, et al., 1992, Presinian Geology of Northeastern Jiangxi Province Nanshan close to Zhanggongshan, Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province For a subdivision of the Zhanggongshan Formation Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Nanshan Sandstone.

Nanshan Sandstone () Loczy L von, 1893, Die Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Reise des Grafen Bela Szechenyi in Ostasien 1877–1880, bd. 1, 534, Wien Nanshan (i.e. Qilianshan Mountain), Gansu Province For dark green quartzose sandstone, gray phyllite, slate and crystalline limestone Silurian Homonym: Nanshan Conglomerate,

Nanshan Formation (1), (2), (3), Nanshan Shale. Nanshan Shale () Grabau A W, 1939-1940, Revision of some lower Palaeozoic sections of Central China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 19(4): 455-478 Nanshan in Nanzhang County, Hubei Province For shale Early Ordovician Homonymous with Nanshan Sandstone. Nanshancun Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 145. First appeared in a 1995 manuscript by Guangdong

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799

Regional Geological Survey Team Nanshancun in Huidong County, Guangdong Province For quartz andesite, brecciated tuffite and black mudstone JurassicCretaceous. Nanshe Formation () Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Song Yongqiang, Zhang Zhongying, 1987, Hanjiang

River Delta, Beijing: China Ocean Press. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Chen Peihong Nanshe in Chenghai County, Guangdong Province For sands and gravel beds Pleistocene Synonymous with Shipai Formation. Nanshilun Sandstone ( ) Sun H T, 1965, Proc. Geol. Soc. Taiwan, (8): 100-101 Nanshilun in Taiwan Province For sandstone.

Nanshimengou Formation () Fu Lipu, Li Yaoxi, Song Lisheng, Wen Yuling, 1983, The Silurian of Western Qinling, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(4): 258-271 Nanshimengou in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province Dealing with a component formation within the local

Bailongjiang Group, for dark gray, grayish green phyllite with interbeds of thinbedded limestone or limestone lenticle Late Silurian. Nanshimenzi Formation () Nanshimenzi Series Yin Zanxun et al., 1963, Geology of Qilianshan Mt., vol.2, fasc.1, Beijing: Science Press, 92-99. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Xie Guanhong & Wang Jian Nanshimenzi valley, south of Dongdayao, Yumen County, Gansu Province For shale, volcanic rock and limestone Late Ordovician.

Nanshuba Formation ( ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luxi Sheet Nanshuba close to Dashuitang, Menbang district, Zhenkang County, Yunnan Province For the original Nanshuba Formation without containing the Dashuitang Formation Late Triassic The sum

of Nashuba Formation and Dashuitang Formation can not be called the “Nanshuba Formation”. It should be upgraded to group level and given a new group name. Nansi Formation () Nansizhang Formation Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaoyi Sheet, Xingtai Sheet Nansi in Jingxing County, Hebei Province Dealing with a component formation within the Gantaohe Group, for quartz schist, metamorphic arkose, slate, marble and marble with interbeds of schist Palaeoproterozoic.

Nansizhang Formation () i.e. Nansi Formation.

800

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Nantai Group () Nantai Series Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 95-152 Nantai in Wutaishan Mt., Wutai County, Shanxi Province Presinian. Nantaiwu Beds () Lee J S, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 475 Nantaiwu located at the opposite bank of Nanhai, Xiamen City, Fujian Province For loess and gravel Tertiary. Nantang Formation () Li Pingri, 1986, Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 8(3) Nantang in Guangdong Province Pleistocene. Nantien Formation ( ) Nantien Series Brown J C, 1916, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol.47, pt.44, 230 Nantian (Nantien) river between Tengyue and Bamo, Muema, western Yunnan Province Tertiary and Pleistocene.

Nantienmen Formation () Barbour G B, 1924, Preliminary Observation in the Kalgan Area, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(2): 153-168 Nantianmen (Nantienmen) close to Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province For sandstone and conglomerate with cross-bedding Cretaceous Homonym: Nantienmen Quartzite; Synonym: Wanchuan Formation. Nantienmen Quartzite () Ma Xingyuan, 1957, Acta Geologica Sinica, 37(1): 26 Nantianmen (Nantienmen) village in Zhongtiaoshan Mt., Shanxi Province For quartzite Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Nantienmen Formation. Nantienpu Formation ( ) Wang S W, 1930, Mining and Metallurgy, 4(13): 49 Nantianpu (Nantienpu), 10 km east of Changding County, Fujian Province For dark sandstone Cambrian Nantou Formation () Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis, Blackwelder, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 265-279 Nantuo (Nantou) close to Sandouping, northwest of Yichang City, Hubei Province For grayish green, purplish red diamictite with interbeds of sandstone lenticle, with clayey sandstone and sandy clay stone locally Sinian. Nantun Formation (1) ( 1) Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 381. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Wang

N

801

Keyong & Lin Shuji Nantun, 12 km east of Weining County, Guizhou Province For peat and clay Holocene Homonym: Nantun Formation (2). Nantun Formation (2) ( 2) Yang Jianguo et al., 2000, The Underground Cretaceous Sequence in Halar Basin, in Editoral Committee of the Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, 2000, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 275-279. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by No.109 Team of Dongmei Bureau of Coal Nantun in Ewegki Banner, Hulun Buir League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For the rudite in the lower part of the original Damoguaihe Formation Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Nantun Formation (1).

Nanwading Formation () Liu Hongchou, Liang Jiande, Yang Zucai, et al., 1980, Bulletin of Lanzhou University, (3): 104-118 Nanwading, 17 km northeast of Shandan County, Gansu Province For gray limestone, dolomite, quartzose sandstone, carbonaceous finegrained conglomerate and phyllite Early Carboniferous.

Nanwan Formation () Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geol-

ogy, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Xinxian Area, Henan Province Nanwan in Xinyang City, Henan Province For metamorphic sandstone and calcareous and muddy sandstone Devonian. Nanwanghe Group ( ) Wu Genyao, 2000, Orogenic Stratigraphy, Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 131. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Song Maoshuang Nanwanghe in Huimin County, Yunnan Province For the sum of Huimin Formation and Nankenghe Formation Palaeozoic.

Nanwo Formation ( ) Hao K, Hiao B C, 1957, The Symposium on Petroleum Geology of Taiwan Nanwo in Taiwan Province.

Nanxiangshan Formation ( ) Wu Qichu, Hu Cunli, Yang Wenda, Mu Yuekong, Yu Zhilian, 1986, Mesozoic

continental biostratigraphy, sediments and characters of oil and gas, Bulletin of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, supplement no.2, serial no.26. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Ju Kuixiang Nanxiangshan close to Qixiashan, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For quartzose sandstone, gravel-bearing sandstone, carbonaceous shale and coal seams Early Jurassic.

802

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Nanxin Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 236. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Nanxin in Baofeng Township, Yunlong County, Yunnan Province For brownish red and purplish red clastic rocks Late Cretaceous Synonymous with Mangang Formation. Nanyan Formation () Compiling Group for Fujian Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Fujian Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Nanyan village, 15 km southwest of Changding County, Fujian Province For black and grayish green phyllite, metamorphic siltstone, with interbeds of silicalite Sinian. Nanyang Formation () Teilhard de Chardin P, Barbour G B, Bien M N, 1935, A Geological Reconnaissance across the Eastern Tsinling, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (25): 30-36 Nanyang City, Henan Province For red clay Pleistocene.

Nanyanghe Formation () Xie Guisheng et al., 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet, Humazhen Sheet Nanyanghe in Xinlin County, Heilongjiang Province For gray, grayish yellow silty-bearing slate, with interbeds of arkose and tuffite Mid Ordovician. Nanyangshan Formation ( ) Xi’an Institute of Geology, 1983, Paleontological Atlas of Northwest China, Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia (2). First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Wang Liuhe Nanyangshan in Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province For sandy limestone with interbeds of calcareous sandstone Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous Nanyan-

gshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Nanyao Beds () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157 Nanyao in Heshun County, Shanxi Province For a subdivision within the local Shansi Formation Early Permian. Nanyao Formation ( ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Henan Petroleum Geology Team Nanyao close to Chengliu, Jiyuan County, Henan

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803

Province For brown, light red, brownish red mudstone, sandy mudstone, grayish purple quartzose sandstone, siltstone and white quartzose sandstone Paleocene. Nanyaokou Limestone () Nanyao Limestone Norin E, 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 46 Nanyaogou (Nanyaokou), north of Guanmengou, southeast of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Nanying Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15 Nanying village in Lingshou County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the component formation within the top of the local Chenzhuang Group, for gneiss with interbeds of leucogranulite, marble and quartzite Archean. Nanyingerh Formation () Geographic name Nanyingerh was Romanized as Naniner by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 140, chart 33 Nanyinger (Nanyingerh) in western valley, Wuwei County, Gansu Province For red, white, greenish black sandstone, shale and conglomerate, with interbeds of coal seams and magnetite Triassic. Nanyoh Granite ( ) Tien C C, 1933, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (15): 28 Nanyue (one of the Five Famous Mountains in China) For granite.

Nanyu Beds () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Fei Yueru Nanyu in Zuoquan County, Shanxi Province For a bed of limestone within the Shansi Formation Early Permian. Nanyuan Formation () Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanping Sheet Nanyuan in Minhou County, Fujian Province For dark gray tuffite and purplish gray rhyolite Late Jurassic. Nanyukou Sandstone () Zhao Yiyang, 1958, Acta Geologica Sinica, 38(3): 369-380 Nanyugou (Nanyukou) in West Hills of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province Fore sandstone Permian.

804

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Nanyulin Formation () Han Yunsheng, 1982, On “Nihowan Beds”, Journal of Stratigraphy, 6(2): 121127 Nanyulin, 20 km southeast of Shuoxian County, Shanxi Province For alternating beds of light red, yellowish brown, brownish red sandy mudstone, silty mudstone, sandstone and conglomerate Pliocene Nanyulin Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Nanzha Formation ( ) Xiong Jianfei, 1991, Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 12(2) Nanzha in Bachu District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the strata body belongs to Early Permian in the upper part of Xiaohaizi Formation (2) Early Permian Nanzha Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Nanzhao Formation () Cao Meizhen, Lin Qibin, Chen Jinhua, Zhang Junfeng, 1986, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 23(2): 211-214 Nanzhao County, Henan Province For grayish brown sandstone with interbeds of grayish green shale and mudstone Late Jurassic.

Nanzheng Formation () Nanzheng Shale Lu Yanhao, 1959, Stratigraphic Classification and Correlation of Ordovician in Souththern China, in Editorial Commission on Geology of China ed., 1959, Contribution to the Special Summary of Basic Material of Geology of China, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Nanzheng County, Shaanxi Province For shale Late Ordovician. Nanzhou Member ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Liu Zhenghuan et al. Nanzhou in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the lower member of the Baiji Formation Late Jurassic. Nanzhuang Formation () Nanzhuang slate Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Changchun College of Geology Nanzhuang in Shandong Province For slate Proterozoic Homonymous with Nanchuang Formation. Nanzhuangzi Formation () Lin Baoyu, Lai Caigen, Guo Zhenming, 1975, Ordovician System of ShaanxiGansu-Ningxia Border Area, in Proceedings of Special Subject Meeting of Ordovician of North China, Beijing: Science Press Nanzhuangzi in Chedao Township, Huanxian County, Gansu Province For the formation below the Chedao Formation Mid Ordovician.

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805

Naobaoshan Formation () Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Naobaoshan in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a component formation within the original Wulashan Group Archean. Naocangjiangou Formation ( ) No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kuairimaduo Sheet Naocangjiangou in Huashixia Township, Maduo County, Qinghai Province For rudite, sandy slate and carbonate rocks Mid Triassic. Naogaitu Formation () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Sailimuhu Sheet Naogaitu in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous. Naolihe Formation ( ) Naolihe Series Wang Xiuzhang, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1959(2): 56-57 Naolihe in Naohe County, Heilongjiang Province For yellowish green phyllite, slate, grayish white siliceous slate and tuffaceous sandstone Mid Jurassic.

Naomugen Formation ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chaganaobao Sheet, Abaga Banner Sheet and Bainaimiao Area Naomugen in Dorbod (Ulan Hua) Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For brownish red, grayish green and yellowish green with interbeds of white siltstone and thin-bedded mudstone Paleocene. Naopaokou Formation () Naopaokou Series Li Xingxue, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(4): 411-426 Naobaogou (Naopaokou), 35 km northeast of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for alternating beds of purple sandy shale and sandstone Perm-

ian-Triassic. Naoshan Basalt () Ding Guoyu, Gao Weiming, 1964, in Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica ed., 1964, Problems of Quaternary Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 151-166 Naoshan in Jingxing County, Hebei Province For basalt Quaternary. Naozhigou Formation (1) (  1) Dai Yongding, 1963, in Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area , vol. 1, Beijing: Science Press Naozhigou, 60 km north of Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province For slate and marble Late Carboniferous ? Homonym: Naozhigou Formation (2).

806

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Naozhigou Formation (2) (  2) Liu Maoqiang, Mi Jiarong, 1981, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, (3). First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Tonghua Geology Team of Jilin Province Naozhigou close to south of Ergulazi, Naozhigou Township, Hunjiang City, Jilin Province For lava agglomerate and lava breccia Late Triassic. Homonymous with Naozhigou Formation (1). Naozizhai Formation () Liu Yinhuan, Wang Jianping, Zhang Haiqing, Du Fengjun, 1991, Cambrian and Ordovician Systems of Henan, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Liu Yinhuan Naozizhai in Xichuan County, Henan Province For grayish black medium thick-bedded dolomite Early Cambrian. Napai Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 255. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Liang Zhende Napai close to Shanyu, Fusui County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For purplish red conglomerate, sandstone, with interbeds of green mudstone and muddy siltstone Early Cretaceous. Napo Formation () Napo Series Lee C, Chiu C, 1934, Ann. Rept., Academia Sinica, 169 Napo (today Tianyang County), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Pliocene. Naqing Formation ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Naqing in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Devonian.

Naqing Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 139 Naqing close to Dehua, Pu’er County, Yunnan Province For a series of carbonate rocks Late Permian. Narenkala Formation ( ) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 140 Narenkala in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a component formation of Naimingshui Group Early Carboniferous Narenkala Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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807

Narongpu Formation () No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zaduo County Sheet, Shangxiula Sheet Narongpu in Zaduo County, Qinghai Province The lowest formation of Zaduo Group, for gray carbonate rocks, with volcanic rocks in the lower part Early Carboniferous Naronkala Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Nasapa Formation () Nasapa Series Wang C H, Kung C K, 1942, Special Report of Southwestern Department of Mineral Resources Survey, (24) Nasaba (Nasapa) in Yunnan Province For lignite beds Tertiary.

Nashui Formation () Xiong Jianfei, Zhai Zhiqiang, 1985, Guizhou Geology, (3): 267-287 Nashui village, 35 km southwest of Luodian County, Guizhou Province Dealing with the

strata body of dark gray to grayish black muddy limestone with interbeds of silicalite between Sphaeroschwagerina zone and Misellina zone in the so called black area, close to Nashui Permian Nashui Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Nasongyun Formation () Sichuan Air Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gonggashan Sheet Nasongyun in Sichuan Province For the ophiolite within the Litang fracture belt Mid Triassic.

Nasuo Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qiubei Sheet Nasuo in Yunnan Province Late Permian.

Naxing Formation () Naxing Group Mu Enzhi, Yin Jixiang, Wen Shixuan, Wang Yigang, Zhang Binggao, et al., 1973, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1973(1): 13-25 Naxing, north of Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For black shale, with interbeds of conglomerate, sandstone and a few marls Early-Late Carboniferous. Nayi Formation () Bai S L, Ning Z S, Jin S Y, He J H, Han Y J, 1979, Devonian conodonts and Tentaculitids of Kwangsi, their zonation and correlation, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Pekinensis, 1: 99-118 Nayi in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Devonian. Nayi Member () Liu Jinrong, 1975, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Guangxi, (1): 4-13 Nayi in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For marls with interbeds of limestone and sandstone Early Devonian.

808

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Nayixiong Formation () No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zaduo Sheet, Shangxiula Sheet Nayixiong close to Kaixinling Mining Area, Zhiduo County, Qinghai Province Dealing with

a component formation within the Wuli Group, for sandy shale, silty mudstone, limestone and coal-bearing sediments Late Permian Nayixiong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Nayunur Formation () Guan S C, 1957, Geological Knowledge, 1957(12): 19 Nayunwuer (Nayunur), northeast of Dongsheng Temple, Langshan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For metamorphic rocks Early Palaeozoic.

Nazha Formation () Guo Tieying, Liang Dingyi, Zhang Yizhi, 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Nazha, 50 km south of Longmucuo, Ngari Area, Tibet Autonomous Region For blackish gray, brownish yellow metamor-

phic sandstone, black slate and siliceous limestone, with interbeds of volcanic rock Early Carboniferous. Nazhang Formation () Liu Hongyun, 1973, Southwestern Newsletter of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology Nazhang County, Yunnan Province Sinian.

Nazhouwei Member () Dong Baolin, Huang Peilang, et al., 1994, Regional Geology of Guangxi, (20) Nazhouwei in Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dealing

with a member within the Hsiwan Formation, for gray, grayish white quartzose conglomerate, sandstone and purplish red silty mudstone and sandstone Early Jurassic. Naziduobo Formation () Liang Dingyi, 1991, in Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Naziduobo in Ngari District, Tibet Autonomous Region Permian.

Needle Hill Granite (  ) Needle Hill in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For granite.

Neibu Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Henan Province Neibu in Ruyang County, Henan Province For a revised name for local original Da’an Formation Pliocene.

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809

Neicha Group ( ) Geographic name Neicha was Romanized as Naisaku by the Japanese (LSI) Gan

S, 1940, Geology of the Sankyo District, Kaizan-gun, Taihoku Prefecture, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 11(3-4) Neicha in Taoyuan County, Taiwan Province Composed mainly of sandstone with accompanying bluish shale, in certain places this group contains a small amount of fragments of drift wood. Only teeth and skeletons of mammalian were discovered Pleistocene. Neichiashan Formation ( ) Neichiashan Series, Leijiashan Formation, geographic name Neichiashan was Romanized d’Aitsziachan by the French (LSI) Lee J S, with assistance of Chao Y

T, 1924, Geology of the Gorges Area of the Yangtze River from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(3/4) 350-392 The name derived from the typical place Neichiashan Hill (misunderstanding of Leijiashan), several kilometers southeast of Sintan, western Hubei Province Composed distinctly of two part: lower, a yellowish green shale, intercalated gray and comparatively hard limestone; upper, the yellowish green limestone (or the Pagoga Limestone) Middle Ordovician. Nengkao Group (

)

Lin C C, 1954, Geology of Taiwan, in Taiwan Hsien-chih, China Culture Publishing Foundation Nengkaoshan in Taiwan Province Included a basal conglomerate and the slate which share the geographic name with the group Eocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Nengkao Slate.

 ) Lin C C, 1954, Geology of Taiwan, in Taiwan Hsien-chih, China Culture Publishing Foundation Nengkaoshan in Taiwan Province For a subdivision within the Nengkao Group, the slate which shares the geographic name with the group Eocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Nengkao Group. Nengkao Slate (

Nengkiang Formation (! ) Nengkiang Shale Formation T’an H C, Wang H S, 1929, Geology along the Valley of the Neng River, Heilungkiang Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (13): 33-41 Nenjiang (Nengkiang) County, Heilongjiang Province For blackish mudstone, shale with interbeds of grayish green siltstone and fine-grained sandstone Early Cretaceous. New Territories Formation ( ) Ma’anshan Formation (Li Zuoming, 1987) Cai Chongyang, 2000, Non-marine Devonian, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979–1999), Hefei: China University of Science and Technology Press, 104 (revised) New Territories in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Late Devonian New name for Ma’an-

810

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

shan Formation; New Territories Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Ngamring Formation ( ) Wu Haoruo, Wang Dongan, Wang Liancheng, 1977, The Cretaceous of LazeJiangze District, Southern Tibet, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (3): 262-273 Ngamring in Xigaze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a sequence of sandy and muddy flysch Cretaceous Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team (1983) and the book “Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region” (1993) changed repeatedly the original lithostratigraphic meaning and its boundary according to the geologic time, and the book “Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Tibet Autonomous Region” thirdly again enlarged its range to include original Ngamring Formation and its underlying Sangzugang Formation and also named it as Ngamring Group. These practices did not conform to the rules of stratigraphical nomenclature, and destroyed the stability of the meaning of Ngamring Formation; Homonym: Ngamring Ophiolite. Ngamring Ophiolite (  ) Ngamring Ophiolite Group Liu Shikun, Teng Yun, 1994, Four lithostratigraphic units and their problems related to the ophiolite of Tibet, Tibet Geology, (2) Ngamring in Xigaze County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the ophiolite distributed in Sajia, Nagmring, Xigaze, Bailang and Renbu etc., composed of basalt, diabase, gabbro and peridotite Late Jurassic Homonymous with Ngamring Formation. Nianbao Formation (") No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1988, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological map: Dari County Sheet. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Yuan Zheping Nianbao in Jiuzhi County, Qinghai Province For volcanic rocks with interbeds of clastic rocks Early Jurassic. Nianbo Formation (") Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Nianbo village in Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region For clastic rocks, volcanic rocks and lava, with interbeds of fresh water limestone Eocene. Niangniangchi Diamictite (##) Niangniangchi Ice Age Till Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classification of Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qinghai Area, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution of the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 23-30 Niangniangchi close to Xining City, Qinghai Province For the basal diamictite of the Beishansi Formation Pleistocene. Niangniangmiao Formation (##) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangzhou Sheet Niangniangmiao in Zhen’an County,

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811

Shaanxi Province Devonian. Niangniangshan Formation (##) Wang Dezi et al., 1963, Bulletin of Nanjing University, (2) Niangniangshan in Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province For volcanic rocks Early Cretaceous. Niangtienping Shale () Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 460 Yangtianping (Niangtienping) in Lushan, Jiangxi Province For yellow to greenish yellow shales Sinian. Niangzishan Formation (#) Niangzishan Rhyolite Formation Zhao Zongpu, 1959, Geological Monthly, 9(4) Niangzishan in Hebei Province For rhyolite Mesozoic. Nianniling Diamictite () Nianniling Formation Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1990, Regional Geology of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 306. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Liaoning Hydrogeology Team Nianniling, northeast of Caishi, Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province For grayish white coarse-grained gravel beds Pleistocene. Niantang Formation ($) Yin Jixiang, 1984, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Niantang close to Yaze, Ranwu district, Baxu County, Tibet Autonomous Region Late Devonian Niaohe Formation (%) Wang Danqun et al., 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yibin Sheet, Wuchang County Sheet Niaohe in Heilongjiang Province Early Cretaceous. Niaoke Formation (%) Niaoke Coal Series, Niaoke Shale Hsu T Y, 1939, Geological Review, 4(5):

313. First appeared in a 1938 manuscript by Wang C C, Lu C H, Wang et al.’s paper “Geology of the Coal Field Niaoke, Kaiyuan, Yunnan” later published in Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33): 19-40 Niaoge (Niaoke) in Kaiyuan City, Yunnan Province A subdivision of the Bapanzhai Group, for alternating beds of reddish yellow shale, carbonaceous limestone and thin-bedded limestone Mid Triassic. Niaotsui Formation (%) Stach L W, 1957, Stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the upper Cenozoic sequence in the foothills region east of Chiayi and Hsinying, The Symposium on Petroleum Geology of Taiwan Niaotsuishan, close to Yunshui, about 1.2 km

812

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

south of the stream Chunlunchi in Chiayi County, Taiwan Province Composed dominantly of medium-grained, soft sandstone and fine- to medium-grained muddy sandstone, with a minor amount of sandy shale and shale beds Miocene. Nibuchu Formation () Yang Zhirong, Long Nengli, 1990, Xinjiang Geology, 8(4): 321-332 Nibucu

located at the upper reaches of Karakulun River, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a new name for the part of continental strata with plant fossils within the Bagongbulansha Group Early Jurassic. Nichiuho Formation () Yabe H, Sugiyama T, 1942, Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo, 18(8) Niqiuhe (Niuchiuho), southwest of Aihui, Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For gray muddy slate and sandy slate, with interbeds of siltstone, greywacke and limestone lenticle Early Devonian.

Nidanshan Group () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 122. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team Nidanshan, 10.5 km north of Angsiduo Town, Hualong County, Qinghai Province For grayish green basalt and grayish black siliceous slate with interbeds of white crystalline limestone Mid Cambrian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Niedang Formation (&) Wang Naiwen, 1983, Acta Geologica Sinica, 57(1): 83-95 Neidang, west of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray flysch sediments Early Creta-

ceous. Nie’erku Formation (&) No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yinpan Sheet Nie’erku close to Zamu Township, south of Xinbin County, Liaoning Province For grayish black siltstone and shale, with interbeds of gravel-bearing sandstone and coal seams Early Creta-

ceous. Nie’ertangdao Formation (& ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menghai Sheet Nie’ertangdao in Yunnan Province Late

Permian.

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813

Niehla Formation (') Niehla Series Li Pu, 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1955(7): 4 Niela (Niehla) valley, Changdu District, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of dark gray, black banded shale and grayish green quartzose sandstone Early Palaeozoic. Niejiashan Formation (&) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 159. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Niejiashan in Zigui County, Hubei Province For grayish green sandy clay stone, sandstone with interbeds of limestone and mudstone Early-Mid Jurassic. Nielongzong Granite (&  ) Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Material of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 38 Nielongzong in Heihe District, Tibet Autonomous Region For granite Late Mesozoic-Tertiary. Nieniexiongla Diamictite (&&) Nieniexiongla Ice Age Till Zhao Xitao, Guo Xudong, Gao Fuqing, 1976, Quaternary Stratigraphy of Mt. Qomolungma Region, in Scientific Expedition Team of Mt. Qomolungma, Academia Sinica ed., 1976, Expedition Report of Mt. Qomolungma (1966–1968), Quaternary Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 12 Nieniexiongla, 45 km north of Nyalam, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene Homonymous with Nieniexiongla Group. Nieniexiongla Formation (&&) Wang Yigang, Sun Dongli, He Guoxiong, 1980, New Advances in the Stratigraphy of the Himalayas (China’s Side), Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1): 55-59 Nieniexiongla, 45 km north of Nyalam, Tibet Autonomous Region For a part within the original Nieniexiongla Group, without the lower part Mid Jurassic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Nieniexiongla Group. Nieniexiongla Group (&&) Mu Enzhi, Yin Jixiang, Wen Shixuan, Wang Yigang, Zhang Binggao, et al., 1973, Stratigraphy of the Mt. Qomolangma region in southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1973(1): 25-36 Nieniexiongla, 45 km north of Nyalam, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone, quartzose sandstone with interbeds of shale Jurassic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Nieniexiongla Formation, Nieniexiongla Diamictite. Ni’erguan Member (( ) No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guiyang Sheet Ni’erguan close to Gujuo, Longli County,

814

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Guizhou Province Dealing with the lower member of Gujuo Formation, for red limestone with interbeds of breccia limestone, with marl and chert nodule occasionally Early Triassic. Nieru Formation (') Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yadong Sheet Nieru, east of Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region For fine-grained sandstone and sandy slate Late Tri-

assic. Niezhuang Formation (&) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Henan Petroleum Geology Team Niezhuang in Zhicheng Township, Jiyuan County, Henan Province Composed of red, brownish red muddy quartzose sandstone, gravel-bearing fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of sandy mudstone and quartzite Eocene. Nihewan Formation See Nihowan Formation. Nihezi Formation () Muroi W, 1940, Fushin and Lingyuan District, Guide Book to No.2 Excursion, Geol. Cong. Manch. 28-29 Nihezi in Yixian County, Liaoning Province For mudstone and sandstone Mid-Late Jurassic.

Nihowan Formation () Nihowan Beds Barbour G B, 1924, Preliminary Observation in Kalgan Area,

Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(2): 153-168; See also 1925, The Deposits of the San Kan Ho Valley, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(1): 53-56 Nihewan (Nihowan) village, located at the eastern bank of Sanggan River in Yangyuan Basin, east of Huashaoying, 50 km northeast of Yangyuan County, Hebei Province Dealing with a series of fluvo-lacustrine deposits not less than 600 feet in thickness and a succession of superimposed lenses. Nihowan Formation (in ascending order) can be divided into light brownish red clay and clayey sand, and other four informal subdivisions: the sand-gravel member, the calcareous sand member, the yellow sand member and the sandy clay member. It is separated by disconformities from the underlying red clay and the overlying loess, which begins with a basal pebble or boulder. Both the fresh water shells and the vertebrate fauna are recorded, with a subdivision Tutung (marls) Beds in the top Pliocene-Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Nihewan Formation (Wei Qi, 1978; Cai Baoquan, Zhang Zhaoqun, Zheng Shaohua, Qiu Zhuding, Li Qiang, Li Qian, 2004). Both Wei Qi ’s(1978) and Cai Baoquan et al. ’s(2004) are the forms the lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic or biostratigraphic meaning; Synonym: Yangyuan Group (Min Longrui, 2000).

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815

Nilelong Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Nilelong in Tibet Autonomous Region Late

Triassic. Nilongxiang Member ()) Zhang Xianqiu, 1984, Division and biota of the Luofozhai Group in the Pingling

section of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 239-254 Nilonggang, 40 km north of Shiwan, Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province A

member within the upper part of the Shanghu Formation, for dark brown mudstone Paleocene. Nimaluoshiza Formation () Rao Rongbiao, Zhang Zhenggui, 1985, On discovery of transitional fauna of

Permo-Triassic and consideration to the boundary between P/T Systems, Tibet Geology, 1(1): 19-32 Nimaluoshiza in Tibet Autonomous Region Permian. Ning’an Basalt () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Ge-

ology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 256 Ning’an County, Heilongjiang Province For the part belongs to Miocene within the original Dongcun Basalt Miocene Ning’an Basalt is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Ningbo Formation () Compiling Group for Zhejiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of East China: Zhejiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province For alternating beds of grayish brown gravel-bearing medium-grained sands, yellowish green silty clay and clay Pleistocene. Ningcheng Huangtu () Liaoning Hydrological Geology Team, 1983, Quaternary of Liaoning, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Orange, tangerine or reddish orange loess, with interbeds of dark red pale soil Pleistocene.

Ningduo Group ( ) Yao Zhongfu, 1992, Tibet Geology, (1). First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team Ningduo in Yushu County, Qinghai Province For marls with interbeds of gneiss and quartzite Meso-Neoproterozoic.

816

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Ningerh Formation () Tseng F J, 1945, Geology of the Coal Field of Malaching, Yungjen, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36) Ning’er (Ningerh) County, Yunnan Province For brown shale, white clay with interbeds of coal seams Triassic.

Ninggongqujiulong Formation ( ) Wen Shixuan, 1979, New materials of biostratigraphy in the northern Qiangtang Plateau, Journal of Stratigraphy, 3(2): 150-156 Ninggongqujiulong, 30 km northeast of Maergaichaka, northern Tibet Autonomous Region For light metamorphic grayish green quartzose sandstone, gray shale with interbeds of limestone Early

Permian. Ningjiahe Formation () Chen Huahui, Lin Xiulun, Guan Kangnian, 1990, Research on the Quaternary Geology of Xinjiang, Beijing: China University of Geosciences Press Ningjiahe

located at the upper reaches of Qingshui River, northern foothills of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brownish yellow, gray gravel beds Pleistocene. Ningjiawan Formation () Ningjiawan Gneiss Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi Sheet, Jingle Sheet Ningjiawan in Lanxian County, Shanxi Province For a component formation of the Luliang Group Archean.

Ningkuo Formation () Ningkuo Shale Hsu C, 1934, Monography Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Academia Sinica, ser.A, vol.IV, 7 Ningguo (Ningkuo) County, Anhui Province For dark to black shale Early Ordovician.

Ninglang Formation () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lijiang Sheet Ninglang County, Yunnan Province Early Cretaceous-Paleocene.

Ningming Formation (%) Ningming Series Hsu T Y, 1933, Special Report of Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (29) Ningming County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Tertiary.

Ningnan Formation () Ningnan Series Chang L C, 1937, Geology and Mineral Resources of Lei, Ma, E, Ping 7 Counties. Special Publication of Western China Academy, (1) Ningnan County, Sichuan (original Sikang) Province Triassic.

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817

Ningqiang Formation () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Yu Changmin & Chen Xu Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province Dealing with the strata part without the upper part of Shengxianduo Member and the Yangpowan Formation, for yellowish green with interbeds of purplish red shale, mudstone with interbeds of gray limestone Early Silurian Ningqiang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning; Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Ningqiang Group. Ningqiang Group () Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Zhejiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province For the sum of Yangpowan Formation an Ningqiang Formation Early Silurian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Ningqiang Formation. Ningwu Formation () Ningwu Coal-bearing Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 432 Ningwu County, Shanxi Province For coal series Jurassic.

Ningyuanpu Formation () Ningyuanpu Series Sun C C, 1942, Geological Review, 7(1/3): 20 Ningyuanpu, north of Helishan, Gansu Province For black thin-bedded shale with coal seams in the upper part Jurassic or Cretaceous Synonym: Yaochih Formation.

Niru Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 188 Niru village in Luoji district, Zhongdian County, Yunnan Province For purplish red and grayish green sandstone, slate with interbeds of limestone, basalt and tuffite, and with limestone and marl in the upper part Mid Triassic. Nitangli Sandstone () Wang C, Yang C J, 1947, Recent Notes on Mineral Resources Survey, (80): 5 Nitangli in Xinhua County, Hunan Province For iron-bearing sandstone Late Devonian. Niti Limestone () Neitling F, 1905 Niti Pass in Himalaya Mt., southwestern Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone Mid Triassic.

818

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Niubao Formation () Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of

Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 240. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Qinghai Petroleum Geology Team Niubao in Lunpola Basin, 100 km north of Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region Composed mainly of gray, grayish green muddy shale with interbeds of marls, oil shale, and carbonate rock, and with brownish red conglomerate in the base Paleocene-Eocene. Niubichong Limestone () Meng H M, Zhang K, 1933, Ann. Rept., Academia Sinica, 177-186 Niubichong in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone.

Niuchang Clay Beds () Guizhou Working Group of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, 1977, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 302 Niuchang village in Zhouxi County, Guizhou Province For brownish red sandy clay Pleistocene Homonym: Niuchang Conglomerate. Niuchang Conglomerate () Niuchan Mud Gravel Guizhou Working Group of Stratigraphy and Palaeontol-

ogy, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 302 Niuchang village in Zhouxi County, Guizhou Province For mixed beds of brownish red gravel and clay Pleistocene Homonymous with Niuchang Clay Beds. Niuchangshan Formation () Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Maowen-Guanxian Sheet Niuchangshan in Sichuan Province Mid Triassic.

Niu’erchuan Formation ( ) Du Dinghan, Zhou Zhijun, Wang Wuyuan, in Du Dinghan et al., 1986, Study

of Devonian System in Qinling-Daba Area, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press, 40. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Niu’erchuan in Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province For slate, phyllite with interbeds of siltstone and sandstone, and with a main or amount of limestone Mid Devonian. Niugan Group () Niugan Limestone Series Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1) Niugan gorge in Three Gorges in Changjiang River, western Hubei Province For limestone Cambrian-Ordovician.

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Niugetao Beds () Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Tertiary System of Gansu, Gansu Geology, (2): 6-7 Niugetao in Gansu Province For sands and conglomerate Neogene.

Niugudun Member () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geol-

ogy of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Guangdong Company of Coal Field Exploration Niugudun close to Longguixu, Qujiang County, Guangdong Province A member within the upper part of the Hongweikeng Formation, for sandstone and shale Late Triassic. Niugundang Formation (1) ( 1) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Niugundang in Huidong County, Sichuan Province For red and brownish red mudstone with interbeds of marls Late Jurassic Homonym: Niugundang Formation (2). Niugundang Formation (2) ( 2) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 92. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Niugundang close to Huanggexi, Daguan County, Yunnan Province For purplish red shale Mid Silurian Homonymous with Niugundang Formation (1). Niuguping Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostraic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 20. First appeared in a 1995 manuscript by Tang Xiaoshan Niuguping in Zhijiang County, Hunan Province For grayish green tuffaceous slate Neoproterozoic. Niuhetang Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gengma Sheet, Nanping Sheet Niuhetang in Yongde County, Yunnan Province For basalt and rhyolite Late Triassic.

820

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Niuhuan Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team (Wang Bailin), 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hunyuan Sheet Niuhuan close to Hekou, Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province For gneiss with interbeds of quartzite Archean. Niuhuaxi Formation () Niuhuaxi Red Strata Lee Y Y, 1940, Geological Review, 5(6): 495 Niuhuaxi in Jianwei County, Sichuan Province For red beds, included Lukungchiao Formation and Wuchiashan Formation Cretaceous. Niujiaohe Formation () Compiling Group for Jiangxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Jiangxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Wei Xiuze Niujiaohe For alternating beds of siliceous, carbonaceous and silty slate, with interbeds of siliceous, silty and tuffaceous sandstone Early Cambrian Niujiaohe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Niuling Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 46 Niuling in Henan Province For amphibolites, schist and leptynite Proterozoic. Niumaoling Beds ( ) Niu Mao Ling, Assise de Mathieu F F, 1927, Bull. Soc. Belge de Geol., tome 36, 162 Niumaoling close to Shimenzhai, north of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province Permian-Triassic Homonym: Niumaoling Limestone. Niumaoling Limestone ( ) Sheng Jinzhang, 1951, Meeting News of Palaeontological Society of China, (5): 5-6 Niumaoling between Xindonggou and Mayicungou, 6 km northwest of Benxi City, Liaoning For limestone Early Permian Homonymous with Niumaoling

Beds. Niupiwan Formation () Xiao Chengxie, Huang Xuecen, 1957, Acta Geologica Sinica, 49(2): 122-124 Niupiwan in Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province For a part within the Dui’ershi Formation Early Ordovician. Niushan Conglomerate () Niushan Formation Compiling Group for Shandong Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Shandong Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Integrative Research Team of Petroleum Bureau, Ministry of Geology Niushan in Qix-

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ian Township, Linju County, Shandong Province For conglomerate PliocenePleistocene Homonymous with Niushan Formation. Niushan Formation () Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 28. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Niushan, 18 km north of Huailu County, Hebei Province Dealing with a formation within the Gantaohe Formation, for phyllite with interbeds of dolomite Palaeoproterozoic Homonym: Niushan Conglomerate. Niushang Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuanyang Sheet Niushang in Yunnan Province Mid Triassic.

Niushihshan Quartzite () Lee C S, 1929, Temporary Report Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (20) Niushishan (Niushihshan), 4 km northwest of Jiazi City in Qiongshan, Hainan Province For quartzite Neogene Homonym: Niushihshan Shale.

Niushihshan Shale () Lee C S, 1929, Temporary Report Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (20) Niushishan (Niushihshan), 4 km northwest of Jiazi City in Qiongshan, Hainan Province For red shale, oil shale with interbeds of clay Neogene Homonymous

with Niushihshan Quartzite. Niushiping Formation () Tan Xuechun, Dong Zhizhong, Qin Dehou, 1982, Lower Devonian of the Baoshan

Area, western Yunnan and the boundary between Silurian and Devonian Systems, Journal of Stratigraphy, (3): 199-208 Niushiping in Shidian County, Yunnan Province For purplish red, grayish green muddy siltstone Late Silurian. Niusinshan Group () Shikama T, 1950, Bulletin of Translation of Paleontology, 1955(2) Niuxinshan (Niusinshan) in Haicheng County, Liaoning Province Pleistocene.

Niusintai Formation () Niusintai Series Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Niuxintai (Niusintai), 15 km east of Benxi City, Liaoning Province Included a subdivision of sandstone with the same name in it Permo-Triassic Homonym with the same

name and subordinate relationship: Niusintai Sandstone.

822

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Niusintai Sandstone () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Niuxintai (Niusintai), 15 km east of Benxi City, Liaoning Province For sandstone Permo-Triassic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Niusintai Formation. Niutitang Formation ( ) Niutitang Shale Liu C Y, 1941, Bull. Geosci. Depart. Inst. Liberal Arts, National Chekiang University, (1) Niutitang, 15 km northwest of Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For black shale Early Cambrian.

Niutouhe Group () Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 14 Niutouhe in Long County, Gansu Province For deep metamorphic rocks Pre-Mesoproterozoic. Niutoushan Formation () Liu Hongyun, Liu Yu, 1963, Acta Geologica Sinica, 43(1): 53-78 Niutoushan in Yunnan Province For sandstone Early Sinian. Niuweibashan Formation () Liu Yinhuan, 1985, Regional Geological Survey of Henan, (18): 11-15 Niuweibashan, 35 km east of Xichuan County, Henan Province For limestone and dolomite Early Ordovician. Niuwejin Sandstone () Wang S W, 1930, Mining and Metallurgy, 4(13): 51 Niuweiji (Niuwejin) hill, 35 km southeast of Changding County, Fujian Province For sandstone Early Devonian.

Niuwu Formation () No.332 Geology Team, Anhui Bureau of Metallurgy, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qimen, Tunxi Sheet Niuwu village, close to Likou, Qimen County, Anhui Province For alternating beds of grayish backlight metamorphic siltstone, quartzose sandstone, silty slate and phyllite Mesoproteroz-

oic. Niuxin Member () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 176. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.185 Coal Field Geology Team Niuxin in Shaanxi Province For the upper member of the Shihchienfeng Formation Early Triassic.

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Niuxintan Formation () Wang Baoyu, 1981, Chinese Science Bulletin, (14) Niuxintan in Shanshan County, XinjiangUygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish black, purplish brown limestone, sandy limestone, grayish green fine-grained sandstone and siltstone Early Silurian. Niuyingzi Formation () Chao C P, 1959, Geological Monthly, (4): 23-28 Niuyingzi in Linyuan County, Liaoning Province For coal series Early Jurassic.

Niwan Formation ()) i.e. Repulse Bay Formation. Niyuan Formation (() Joint Team of Jiangsu and Anhui Regional Geological Survey Teams, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuzhou Sheet Niyuan close to Zhongyangchang, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province A formation within the Huahe Group, for muddy crystalline limestone, chert-bands-bearing dolomite and limestone Neoproterozoic. Nogostubulak Formation (*) Nogostubulak Series, Nogustubulaq Series Norin E, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol. 17, 185-196 Nugusibulake (Nogostubulak, Nogustubulaq), north of Luobu Nor, south of Turpan Plain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For conglomerate, sandstone and shale Early Carboniferous. Nongkan Formation () Yin Jixiang, Fang Zhongjing, 1973, Marine Jurassic in Western Yunnan, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1973(3): 236-243 Nongkan in Luxi County, Yunnan Province For purple with inter color of yellow shale, with interbeds of sandstone and mudstone Early Cretaceous.

Nongshan Formation (+) Tong Yongsheng, Zhang Yuping, Wang Banyue, Ding Suyin, 1976, The Lower Tertiary of the Nanxiong and Chijiang Basins, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 14(1): 16-25 Nongshan in Hukou Township, 11 km northeast of Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province Dealing with the formation in the upper part of the Luofozhai Group, for purplish red, brownish red sandy mudstone, siltstone with interbeds of grayish green calcareous mudstone and gravel-bearing sandstone, and included Zhuguikeng Member and Datang Member Paleocene. Nuchen Formation (,) Nuchen System Saito R, 1943, Geol. Inst. Manchukuo, (18) Nvzhen (Nuchen) nationality lives in Changbai Mt. and Songhuajiang River valley, Northeastern China Archean-Proterozoic.

824

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Nuchiang Limestone (- ) Sun Yunzhu et al., 1955, Paleontology and Historical Geology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 236 Nujiang (Nuchiang) in Yunnan Province For limestone Mid Ordovician Homonym: Nujiang Formation.

Nuercheng Sandstone (,) Lee J S, 1934, Data Relating to the Study of the Problem of Glaciation in the Lower Yangtze Valley, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(3): 395-432 Nvercheng (Nuercheng) hill in Guniuling, Lushan Mt., Jiangxi Province For sandstone Sinian. Nujiang Formation (- ) Nujiang Schist Formation Fu Gongqin, 1982, Bulleting of Chengdu College of Geology, (3) Nujiang in Yunnan Province For schist, slate, phyllite and mar-

ble, with interbeds of metamorphic sandstone and gavel-bearing metamorphic rocks Pre-Devonian Homonymous with Nuchiang Limestone. Nuocuo Formation (.) Yin Jixiang, 1984, in Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chi-

nese Academy of Sciences ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Nuocuo, north of Laigu, Yaze Township, Basu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For sandy slate, slate and calcareous slate with interbeds of limestone and quartzose sandstone Early Carboniferous.

Nuo’ergong Group (.) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 32. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Zheng Zhaochang Bayan Nuo’ergong in Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Composed mainly of clastic rocks, with dolomitic limestone in the top, included Shbugengci Formation and Takelinaobao Formation Mesoproterzoic Nuo’ergong Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Nuo’erhe Formation (.) Nao’erhe Formation Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 99 Nuo’erhe in Da Hinggan Mountain, Heilongjiang Province For brownish red clay and gravel Pleistocene.

Nuominhe Formation (.)) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Nuominhe in Longjiang County, Heilongjiang Province Composed of light grayish yellow muddy conglomerate and rudite Pleistocene.

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Nuomuhonghe Formation (. ) Wang Zengji, 1990, Startigraphy of China (8), The Carboniferous of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Nuomuhong River in Dulan County, Qinghai Province For alternating beds of grayish white quartzose sandstone and grayish black limestone, with interbeds of shale occasionally Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Nuoribagaribao Formation (.  ) Liu Guangcai, 1993, Qinghai Geology, 2(1): 1-9 Nuoribagaribao in Golmud City, Qinghai Province For gray, grayish green arkose, quartzose sandstone with interbeds of siltstone, clay stone and muddy limestone Permian. Nuoyinhe Group (.) Nuoyinhe Series Fan Jiasong, Yin Jixiang, Ye Jixun, 1962, in Yang Zunyi et al.,

1962, Geology of Qilianshan Mountain, vol.4, fasc.4, 137. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Yang Zunyi Nuoyinhe close to Delingka, Qinghai Province For black thin-bedded limestone Late Permian. Nuozhuopu Diamictite (/ ) Nuozhuopu Till Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 255. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Nuozhuopu valley, located at the upper reaches of Kainongxingga valley, Ga’er County, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene. Nushan Basalt (,) Zhang Wenyou (translator), 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), London: Thomas Murby & Co., 120. First appeared in a 1937 manuscript by Lee C & Chang W Y Nvshan (Nushan) in Jiashan County, Anhui Province For basalt Tertiary. Nyaiqentanglha Formation ($ ) Nyaiqentanglha Gneiss Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Nyaiqentanglha Mountain in Tibet Autonomous Region For gneiss Mesoproterozoic.

Nyalam Diamictite (&) Nyalam Till Li Bingyuan et al., 1983, Quaternary Geology of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene Homonymous with Nyalam Group. Nyalam Group (&) Zhang Qi, 1981, Magmatic action and metamorphism of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a name to substitute the Qomolangma Group Mesoproterozoic The name “Qomolangma Group” of Ying Sihuai (1973) is not the same as the “Mount Jolmolungma Formation” of Yin

826

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Jixiang (1979), either not the same as the “Mt. Everest Calcic Series” of Odell (1925), the former two names do not yet constitute homonyms. Therefore, we have many reasons to believe that it is not proper to substitute the Qomolangma Group with the Nyalam Group. Synonymous with Qomolangma Group; Homonym: Nyalam Diamictite.

O Obo Formation ( ) Obo Series Sun C C, 1936, On the Stratigraphy of Upper Huangho & Nan Shan region, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 75-86 Ebo (Obo) north hill, 100 km northwest of Menyuan County, Qinghai Province For coal-bearing strata Permian.

Ocheng Volcanics () Ocheng Volcanic Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 456 Echeng County (today Ezhou), Hubei Province For volcanic rock Cretaceous.

Ochungchelo Formation (0) Berkey C P, Granger W, Morris F K, 1928, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 39(1): 214; 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., (385): 4 Ouchongjielu (Ochungchelo) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray, red mudstone and sands, with conglomerate in the base Early Cretaceous.

Ogh-bulag Formation ( ) Ogh-bulag Series Huang T K, Young C C, Cheng Y C, Chow T C, Bien M N,

Weng W P, 1947, Report on Geological Investigation of Soma Oil-fields in Sinkiang, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (21) Ehuobulake (Ogh-bulag), 70 km north of Kuqa County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For green and red clastic rocks Early Triassic. Olan Beds () Andersson J G, 1923, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (3) Olan, 5 km southeast

of Bogdain Gol, 40 km northwest of Hallong Ussu, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Pleistocene. Oluanpi Beds () Oluanpi Sand and Gravel Beds, geographic name Oluanpi was Romanized as Garanbi by the Japanese (LSI) Rokaku H, Makiyama S, 1934, Report on the Hengchun Oil Field, Kaohsiung Oluanpi in Pingtung County, Taiwan Province Composed mainly of yellowish brown sand, clay, and gravel Pleistocene.

Omeishan Basalt () Chao Y T, 1929, Geological Notes in Szechuan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 8(2): 137-150 Emeishan (Omeishan) in Sichuan Province For basalt Permian Ho-

monym: Omeishan Granite. Omeishan Granite ( ) Yang Denghua, 1948, Geological Review, 13(5/6): 5-6 Emeishan (Omeishan) in Sichuan Province For granite Presinian Homonymous with Omeishan Basalt.

828

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Omutnaja Formation (0) Kobayashi T, Nonaka J, 1942, Jour. Geogr. Soc. Tokyo, 54(645) Oumunajia (Omutnaja) in eastern Liaoning Province For a component formation within the Manmo Group Ordovician-Silurian. Ondai Sair Formation ( ) Berkey C P, Granger W, 1923, Amer. Mus. Novit., (77): 7 Ondai Sair, east side of Mount Uskuk (now in the People’s Republic of Mongolia) For gray sandstone and dark paper shale Early Cretaceous. On Gong Formation ( ) Osborn H F, 1930, Livre Jubilaire, Centenaire Soc. Geol. France. First appeared in a manuscript by Sino-Asia Expedition Anggong (On Gong), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For sandstone and clay Early Cretaceous. Opien Group () Opien Series Zeng F J, Ho C S, 1949, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.27 Ebian (Opien) County, Sichuan Province Composed mainly of phyllite, quartz schist, schist and slate, with interbeds of gneiss, basalt, andesite Pre-Sinian.

Orok Nor Formation (.) Berkey C P, Granger W, Morris F K, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., (385) Eluokenuoer (Orok Nor) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Pleistocene. Oshih Formation ( ) Ashile Formation Berkey C P, 1923, Amer. Mus. Novit., (72): 8 Nyuxoi (Oshih or Ashile) Basin, 75 km north of Artsa Bogdo, Altay Mountain (now in the People’s Republic of Mongolia) For boulder, sands, shale and thin-bedded limestone Early Cretacous Synonym: Ashile Formation. Otangti Formation (1) Lu Yanhao, 1955, Geological Knowledge, (2): 1-6 Outangdi (Otangti), 2 km west of Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province For quartzose conglomerate and quartzose sandstone with interbeds of purple shale Late Carboniferous.

Oujiachong Formation (0) Huang Daxin, 1978, The view of classification of the Xuefengshan Sandstone and the supplement to the concept of the Shandong Member, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 80-97 Oujiachong in Lengshuijiang City, Hunan Province For blackish sandy shale, siltstone, with interbeds of quartzite, limestone lenticle and sandy shale Late Devonian. Oujiadong Formation (0 ) Zhang Liang, He Qiuying, 1993, Guangdong Geology, 8(1) Oujiadong in Bacun of Zhoutian Town, Qujiang County, Guangdong Province For grayish green,

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yellowish green feldspathic quartzose sandstone and sericite-slate with interbeds of black carbonaceous slate and shale Cambrian. Oujiang Formation ( ) Shanghai Integrated Research Team of Marine Geology, Ministry of Geology

and Mineral Resources & Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1989, The Cenozoic Palaeontologic Fauna of the Continental Shelf of East China Sea, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Shanghai Integrated Research Team of Marine Geology, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources Oujiang Depression in the Continental Shelf of East China Sea For the medium- to coarsed-grained gravel-bearing fine sands, sandy dolomite, mudstone, siltstone with interbeds of limestone and mudstone Eocene Oujiang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Oukenhe Formation (0) No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songling Sheet Oukenhe river in Heilongjiang Province Late Jurassic.

Oula Formation (0) Liang Dingyi, Nie Zetong, et al., 1982, Geological Review, 28(3): 245-245 Oula in Duoma district, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish white

dolomitic limestone and marls with interbeds of quartzose sandstone and trachybasalt Early-Mid Triassic. Ouli Formation (0) Xiao Jindong, 1988, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (19), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 120-131 Ouli in Duoma District, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red clastic rocks Late Cre-

taceous. Oulongbuluke Group (0) Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 40. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Qinghai Petroleum Geology Team Oulongbuluke, west of Delingka, Qinghai Province For alternating beds of gray limestone, dolo-

mite, light brownish gray and light red thin-bedded and thick-bedded limestone, black limestone Mid-Late Cambrian. Ouyangmaiqiete Group (0 ) Ouyangmaiqiete Series Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Lu Zheng & Chen Zhefu Ouyangmaiqiete

830

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

close to the west of Agazidaban on Xinjiang-Tibet Highway, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For crystalline schist with interbeds of gneiss and a few metamorphic shales, marbles, and metamorphic quartzose sandstones Palaeoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Ouzhuang Formation (0) Compiling Group for Hebei Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Institute of Hydrogeology, Hebei Bureau of Geology Ouzhuang village in Hengshui County, Hebei Province For alternating beds of parti-coloured clay, sands and gravel-bearing sandstone Pleistocene.

P Pacen Formation (2) See Pat Sin Formation. Pachiaotungshan Sandstone () Lin C C, 1951, Formosan Mining Industry, 3(3-4) Pachiaotungshan in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For the upper member of the Nankang Sandstone originally Miocene. Padana Formation (2) Liu Chengjie, Yin Jixiang, Sun Xiaoxing, Sun Yiyin, 1988, in Bulletin of Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (3), Beijing: Science Press, 130-157 Padana valley, close to Sangsang, Ngamring County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with a set of non-flysch gray sandstone, sandy mudstone and the alternating beds of parti-coloured sandstone, red siltstone and sandy mudstone Late Cretaceous. Padang Formation (3) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Zhiyuan ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Padang in Jinghong County, Yunan Province For alternating beds of yellowish gray arkose, dark gray mudstone with interbeds of tuffaceous siltstone EarlyMid Devonian. Pa’ergangtage Group (2) Gao Zhenjia et al., 1980, Contribution to Xinjiang Geology Pa’ergangtage in Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed of Beisaina’ertage Formation and Saina’ertage Formation Mesoproterozoic. Paggar Formation () Rao Rongbiao, Zhang Zhenggui, 1985, Tibet Geology, (1) Paggar close to the village of Serlung, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Clastic rocks intercalated with marls Late Permian.

Pagoda Formation () Pagoda Limestone, geographic name Pagoda was Romanized as Baota by the French (LSI) Lee J S, with assistance of Chao Y T, 1924, Geology of the Gorges Area of the Yangtze from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(4): 351-392  “Pagoda” is not a geographic name but a fossil section form of Orthoceras, because it likes the Chinese ancient building “Pagoda”, then it’s called as Pagoda Limestone. The typical place is at the Leijiashan (Neichiashan), close to Longmaxi, 3 km east of Xintan in Zigui (Tzekuei), Hubei Province Composed of light purple mediumbedded micrite with polygonal cracks, intercalated with very thin yellowish green

832

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

shale; Late Ordovician A lithostratigraphic unit name particularly kept with non-geographic name. Paichienshan Formation () Huang T K, 1938, Geological Review, 3(1): 2 Baijianshan (Paichienshan), north of Ningguo County, Anhui Province Dark green and grayish green sandstone and slate Cambrian-Ordovician.

Paiho Formation ( ) Paiho Series Fromaget M J, Saurin E, 1930 Baihe (Paiho) Meng, a tributary of the Xihe River, Yunnan Province Ordovician-Silurian.

Paikuowan Formation ( ) Paikuowan Coal Series, geographic name Paikuowan was Romanized as Baigovan by the French (LSI) Juan V C, 1942, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (35) Baiguowan (Paikuowan) in Huili County, Sichuan Province A sequence of greenish gray, pur-

plish red, blackish gray shale and sandstone intercalated with coal seams and light gray thin-bedded marl Late Triassic. Paileng Formation ( ) Geographic name Paileng was Romanized as Hakurei by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K, 1935, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tosei Sheet Paileng in Taichung County, Taiwan Province Consists of alternating beds of white and bluish gray sandstone and black shale Eocene.

Pailou Formation (4) Pailou Coal Series Chu S, Liu C Y, 1930, Ann. Rept, Academia sinica Pailou, southwest of Guichi County, Anhui Province For coal-bearing strata Early Per-

mian. Pailungchiang Group (  ) Pailungchiang Series Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & South-

ern Kansu, Geological Memoirs of Geological Survey of China, ser.A, (19): 172 Bailongjiang (Pailungchiang) in Wudu County, Gansu Province Consists mainly of black shale intercalated with black crystalline limestone or dolomite and coal seams. It composed of two formations, Chouchu Formation and Chowukuo Formation Silurian. Paima Formation ( ) Paima Beds Brown J C, 1916, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol.47, pt.4, 215, 225-226 Baima (Paima) located at south of Shihtien, Baoshan County, Yunnan Province Consists of dark colour slate and greenish gray, pink thin-bedded slate Silurian.

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Paimao Formation ( ) Paimao Formation, geographic name Paimao was Romanized as Hakumo by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K, 1935, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tungshih Sheet Paimao Village of Tungshih, Taichung County, Taiwan Province Consists mostly of dark gray shale Oligocene-Miocene.

Painitang Beds ( ) Wu Wangshi, 1964, Memoirs of Nanking Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, (3): 72-98. First appeared in a manuscript by He Lixian et al. Bainitang in Heshangchang, Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For a sequence of alternating beds of black thin-bedded limestone and chert bands Early Permian.

Painiuchen Conglomerate ( ) Shu W P, 1930, Contribution to Institute of Geology of Academia Sinica, (10) Bainiuzhen (Painiuchen), 5 km northeast of Changhua County, Zhejiang Province Conglomerate Early Cretaceous.

Pai-O Limestone ( ) Chen K T, Liu H S, 1939, Compilation of Geology of Geological Survey of Jiangxi, (2) Bai’e (Pai-O) xu, Huichang County, Jiangxi Province Limestone Early

Paleozoic. Paiqian Formation (5) Liao Shifan, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1): 65-72 Paiqian in Chaling County, Hunan Province Late Devonian.

Paisangkuan Limestone (  ) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 448 Baisanggao (Paisangkuan), Yun County, Hubei Province Dark gray silicic limestone Sinian Synonym of Tongying Formation.

Paise Formation () i.e. Pakseh Formation. Paisha Formation ( ) Paisha Red Sandstone and Shale Hou T F, Wang Y L, Chang C C, 1935, Ge-

ological Reconnaissance between Sungyen & Amoy, Fukien, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (25) Baisha (Paisha), 40 km east of Longyan County, Fujian Province For red sandstone and shale Early Cretaceous. Paishaching Formation ( ) Peshaching or Paishaching Series (=Paishatsing Gravel, Lee J S, 1938) Tian Qijun et al., 1933, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (15) Baishajing (Paishaching), Liuyang County, Hunan Province Gravel in the lowest part of red clay Pleistocene.

834

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Paishan Formation ( ) Endo R, 1931, Cambrian Period, Iwanami Series, Iwanami Book Shop, 47-62 Baishan (Paishan) close to Jinjiachengzi on Liaodong peninsula, Liaoning Province Consists of an alternation of blackish gray tabular limestone and grayish white oosparite and edgewise conglomerate intercalated with green calcareous shales Late

Cambrian. Paishihling Conglomerate ( ) Paishihling Formation Lee C S, 1929, Spec. Publ. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (20) Baishiling (Paishihling) located 2.5 km south of Yezizhai, Qiongdong County, Hainan Province Conglomerate Paleocene Homonym: Paishih-

ling Formation. Paishihling Formation ( ) Chen K T, Huang K H, 1943, Spec. Publ. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (37) Baishiling (Paishihling) close to Yangjiaoxu, northwest of Dianbai County, Guangdong Province; Yellow and red gravel layers intercalated with sands Neocene Homonymous with Paishihling Conglomerate.

Paishuichi Slate (  ) Paishuichi Banded Slate Wang C H, Bian S T, 1949, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 29(1-4): 64 Baishuixi (Paishuichi) is a tributary of the Zijiang River, Anhua County, Hunan Province For the alternation of green bedded slate, fine-grained sandstone and clay rock Early Ordovician.

Paishuiho Formation ( ) Paishuiho Series Tan H C, Lee L Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang,

Geological Memoirs of Geological Survey of China, (15) (text in press & the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheet of geological sections), pl. II Baishuihe (Paishuiho) village, Peng County, Sichuan Province Presinian. Paitouan Formation ( ) Yang Jie, 1937, Geological Review, 2(5) Baitouan temple, Wutai County, Shanxi Province Presinian.

Paitouyingzi Formation (5) Paitouyingzi Till Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 336 Paitouyingzi close to Alamulun River, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish white medium-, fine-grained sands mixed with a great number of gravels Pleistocene.

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Paiyenshao Member ( ) Paiyenshao Siliceous Limestone Wang Y L, 1941, Geological Review, 6 (12): 73-94. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang C C & Huo S C Baiyanshao (Paiyenshao) in Songming County, Yunnan Province Siliceous limestone Sinian. Paiyunan Formation ( ) Paiyunan Series Chang L T, Luo T Y, 1933, Contrib. Geol. Dept. Sci. Inst. West China, (2) Baiyun Temple in Beishan of Huaying Hill, Sichuan Province For grayish green mudstone, purplish red mudstone and gray limestone Early Silurian.

Pai-yun-shan Formation ( ) Pai-yun-shan Quartzite Zhang Wenyou (translator), 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co., 122, table 19 Baiyunshan located 40 km northwest of Dingyuan County, Anhui Province Quartzite Presinian.

Paiyunszu Formation ( ) Paiyunszu Series Sun C C, 1928, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol. 7, 245 Baiyunsi (Paiyunsze) in Wutai County, Shanxi Province For marble Presinian.

Pakabulake Formation (2) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Pakabulake valley, 60 km south of Wuqia City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with the middle formation of the Wuqia Group, for alternating beds of gray, brownish gray mudstone, siltstone, and alternating beds of gray, brownish gray, grayish white mudstone, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone Miocene. Pake Formation (2) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Menglian Sheet Pake village, south of Ximeng County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Ximeng Group, for marble, schist, quartzite and leptynite Neoproterozic. Pakeng Shale () Pakeng Limestone and Shale Lee J S, Chao K K, Chang W Y, 1941, Stratigraphic Tables of Kwangsi, Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica Bageng (Pakeng) in Tian’e County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For dark gray limestone intercalated with shale Early Triassic. Pakeseh Formation (“2”) Pakeseh Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 483 Pakeseh in Dupangling, Jiangxi Province For greenish gray sandstone and shale Triassic.

836

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Pakoshiying Tuff (6) Pakoshiying Tuff Series Zhang Lanqing, Chen Fajing, Han Ying, Sun Tongyi, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 85-91 Bakoshiying close to Gubeikou, Miyun County, Hebei Province Grayish red, grayish green tuffite intercalated with red breccia Proterozoic. Pakseh Formation () Paise Series or Pakseh Series Lee J, Qiu J, 1933, Ann. Rept., Academia Sinica, 169; Baise (Paiseh or Paise) County, Guanxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Triassic Homonym: Baise Formation. Pak Sha Tau Chau Formation ( ) Baishatouzhou Formation Li Zuoming, 1982, Communication of Geography, (16) Baishatouzhou (Pai Sha Tau Chau), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For quartzose sandstone intercalated with siltstone, with fish fossils Mid Devonian. Palang Formation (2) Guizhou Working Team of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, 1977, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 12-13 Palang in Chuxiong County, Yunnan Province Holocene. Palang Formation () Palang Shale Yang Jingzhi, Qian Yiyuan, et al., 1963, Proceedings of Science Conference of Stratigraphy of Southern Guizhou, Beijing: Science Press Palang village, 15 km east of Duyun County, Guizhou Province For yellowish green shale, light grayish green clay-shale and calcareous shale, with interbeds of limestone lenticle Early Cambrian. Pali Formation (2) Pali Lacustrine Facies Sediments Zhao Xitao, Guo Xudong, Gao Fuqing, 1976,

Quaternary Stratigraphy of Mt. Qomolungma Region, in Scientific Expedition Team of Mt. Qomolungma, Academia Sinica ed., 1976, Expedition Report of Mt. Qomolungma (1966-1968), Quaternary Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 1-28 Pali County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish white finegrained sands and clay with interbeds of calcareous beds Pleistocene. Paloukou Limestone () Wang C C, 1922, Stratigraphy of Pao-the-chou, Northwestern Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 67-76 Paloukou village, 45 km south of Baode County, Shanxi Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Pa-mao-tseu Formation (“2 ” ) Horizon de Pa-mao-tseu Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Ser. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol. 1, fasc. 1, pt. 1, G´eologie G´enerale, 73D Pa-mao-tseu in Lunan County, Yunnan Province Early Devonian.

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Pamientung Slate (! ) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 407 Bamiantong (Pamientung) in Heilongjiang Province For highly metamorphosed micaceous slates and schists with interbeds of white marble, often injected by granite Late Paleozoic. Pamir Limestone (2) Hayden H H, 1916, Notes on the geology of Chitral, Giligit and Pamir, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol.45, 271-335 Pamir highland in western Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone Jurassic.

Pana Formation (2) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Pana, north of Nianbo village, 37 km southwest of Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region For rhyolitic tuffite with in-

terbeds of volcanic breccia rhyolite, quartzose andesitic greywacke and conglomerate Eocene. Panan Formation () Panan Series Hsu T Y, 1943, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 23(3/4): 121-128 Banan

(Panan, today Wanlan village) village located 10 km west of the city of Zhenfeng County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of sandstones and shales Mid Triassic Panchegou Member () Zhang Zengqi, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Panchegou in Wennan Town, Xintai City, Shandong Province For the yellowish green shale

with interbeds of muddy limestone within the middle part of Changhsia Limestone Mid Cambrian.

Panchiao Limestone ( ) Hubbard G D, 1937, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol.48 Banqiao (Panchiao) between Guan County and Weizhou County, Sichuan Province For limestone Early Permian. Panchiaoshan Sandstone ( ) Wang Wenlong, 1951, Geology of Zhejiang, (2), Zhejiang Institute of Geology Ba-nqiaoshan (Panchiaoshan) located 8 km southwest of Yuhan County, Zhejiang Province For grayish white and grayish yellow hard thick-bedded sandstone Sinian(?). Panchiapu Formation () Panchiapu Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 449 Panjiapu (Panchiapu) in Huangmei County, Hubei Province For andesite Cretaceous.

838

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Pandaoling Member () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Pandaoling in Wutai County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a member within the Dashiling Formation, for phyllite and dolomite Palaeoproterozoic.

Pandi Formation () Li Jianhai, Wang Guoping, Zheng Tiefan, Liang Sijing, 1994, New lithostratigraphic units established in Fujian Province, Regional Geology of China,(Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 325-347 Pandi village in Daixi Township, 19 km southeast of Pingnan County, Fujian Province For topside rock, leptynite with interbeds of schist, marble and graphite Sinian.

Pangchai Formation () Pangchai Sandstone Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2 (2). First appeared in a manuscript by Ting V K Bangzhai (Pangchai) hill in Dushan County, Guizhou Province For pink, brown, gray, yellow thick-banded quartzose sandstone and quartzite Early Devonian Synony-

mous with Mangshan Quartzite. Pangcun Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hebi Sheet Pangcun close to Yangzhuang, Qixian County, Henan Province For rudite with interbeds of mudstone and thin-bedded marls Pliocene.

Pangkiang Formation ( ) Berkey C P, Morris F K, 1924, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 51, Art. V, 119 Pangjiang County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For yellowish white sands and gray clay Pliocene.

Pangna Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Pangna in Tibet Autonomous Region Late

Permian. Pangoujian Formation () Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Pangoujian in Shanxi Province Oligocene. Panguzhuang Formation () Chi Peixing, 1991, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Panguzhuang in Shandong Province Eocene.

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Panho Formation () Panho Series Chang, L C, 1933, Contrib. Geol. Dept. Sci. Inst. West China, (1): 17 Banhe (Panho) close to Jinfoshan, southern Sichuan Province Panho Formation is divided into two parts. Lower: gray limestone intercalated with gray shale and limestone; Upper: yellowish gray and grayish green shales intercalated with purplish gray mudstone Early Ordovician. Panhsi Group ( ) Panhsi Series Wang H T, Liu Zuyi, 1936, Geological Memoirs of Geological Survey of Hunan, ser. B, (2): 40 Banxi (Panhsi) village (today belongs to Taoyuan County), 60 km southwest of Yiyang County, Hunan Province For grayish green, occasionally yellow, purplish red slate, phyllitic shales, phyllite and quartzite Proterozoic. Panhsiung Shale ( ) Yoh S S, 1929, Geology and Mineral Resources of Northern Kwangsi, Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.II, pt.2, 59-101 Banxiong (Panhsiung)

hill, south of Baishou County (old Guhua County), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Shales Late Devonian or Early Carboniferous. Panji Formation () Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 194. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Panji in Fengtai County, Anhui Province For dark gray, grayish white, grayish yellow gravel-bearing medium-, coarse-grained sands and clay Pleistocene. Panjialing Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lu’an, Yuexi Sheet Panjialing in Huoshan County, Anhui Province For quartz schist, dolomite and leptynite Sinian-Devonian. Panjiawan Formation () Zhao Yinsheng, 1989, Regional Geology of China, (2): 106-112 Panjiawan close to Huhaiwa, Qichun County, Hubei Province Sinian.

Panjiaxigou Formation ( ) Panjiaxigou Coal-bearing Beds Sugai K, 1942, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 49(585): 228-230 Panjiaxigou close to Saima, Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province For coal-bearing strata Mid Jurassic. Panjiazui Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publish-

840

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

ing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Liu Yiren Panjiazui village, close to Jiuxi Township, 36 km northwest of Taoyuan County, Hunan Province For limestone, banded marls with interbeds of shale lenticle Early Ordovician. Pankou Limestone Member () Pankou Limestone Norin E, 1922, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4) Bangou

(Pankou) village in Bangou valley, 4 km southeast of Hekou Town (Xiahe), Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province Black shales, clay stone and aluminous rock Late Carboniferous. Panling Formation () No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Siping-Kangping Sheet Panling in Siping County, Liaoning Province For metamorphic volcanic rocks Ordovician.

Panlongshan Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shiquan Sheet Panlongshan in Zhenba County, Shaanxi Province For limestone with interbeds of slate Late Devonian. Panlongshan Sandstone () Cao S L, 1936, Geology and Mineral Resources of Nanzhao, Lushan, Baofeng and Fancheng Counties, Henan Province, Reports of Geological Survey of Henan, (7) Panlongshan, 30 km east of Baofeng County, Henan Province For sandstone Permian-Triassic(?). Panshan Group () Andersson J G, 1925, Preliminary report on archaeological researches of Kansu, Geological Memoirs of Geological Survey of China, ser. A, (5): 39 Banshan (Panshan) in Yongning County, Gansu Province Holocene.

Panshuihe Formation () Yang Zhirong, 1990, Xinjiang Geology, 8(4): 321-332 Panshuihe in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Triassic. Pantiange Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhongdian Sheet Pantiange in Weixi County, Yunnan Province For grayish white and grayish green rhyolite, volcanic conglomerate with conglomerate, slate and metamorphic sandstone Mid Triassic. Pantien Formation ( ) Pantien Series Hsieh C Y, Cheng Y C, 1936, Geology & Mineral Deposits of Anchi,Yungchuan & Yungtai Districts, Fukien Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (27) Pantian (Pantien) in Anxi County, Fujian Province For white quartzite, parti-coloured sandstone and shale Early Jurassic.

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Pantienhsia Gravel Beds ( ) Wang C H, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (33): 11 Pantianxia (Pantienhsia) close to Chitu, Nankang County, Jiangxi Province For gravel beds Quaternary. Pantou Formation () Pantou Series Chen Kai, 1943, Memoirs of Geological and Soil Survey of Fukien, (1) Bantou (Pantou) in Jishan, 9 km north of Yongan County, Fujian Province For alternating beds of clayey shale and fine sandstone intercalated with thinbedded coal seams Early Cretaceous. Panzhangting Formation () Du Qiliang, 1986, Bulletin of Chengdu College of Geology, (1) Panzhangting close to Qiasi, Daicheng County, Sichuan Province For grayish green leucogranulite, schist, with interbeds of quartzite Proterozoic. Pao’an Group () Pao’an Series Pan Zhongxiang, 1934, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (24) Bao’an (Pao’an) County (today Zhidan County), Shaanxi Province Red sandstone and conglomerate Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Pao’an Shale; Synonymous with Liupanshan Group; Synonym: Zhidan Group (No.3 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology, 1974). Pao’an Shale () Pao’an Shale, Pao’an Epoch Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China,

pt.I, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, 472, 478, 479 Bao’an (Pao’an) located west of Huangshi City, Hubei Province Grayish yellow limestone intercalated with grayish yellow shale Late Permian Homonym:

Pao’an Group. Paochiali Formation () Liao Shifan, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1): 66 Baojiali (Paochiali) in Chaling County, Hunan Province Late Devonian. Paochutung Formation ( ) Paochutung Series Teilhard de Chardin P, 1943, Geobiologia, vol.1, 24 Baozhudong (Paochutung) located at the West Hills, Beijing Municipality Triassic. Paohsien Shale ( ) Pauhsien Shale (Lee J S, 1939, 484) Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2(2). First appeared in a manuscript by Yoh S S Baoxian (Paohsien) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Shale Late Devonian. Paojiashan Formation () Li Wanheng, Peng Wenneng, Liu Jinxuan, Yang Changming, 1983, Earth Science, (2) Paojiashan in Hebei Province Deal with a component formation within the Luanxian Group Archean.

842

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Paomachang Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglong Sheet Paomachang in Zunhua County, Hebei Province For a component formation within the local Miyun Group Palaeoproterozoic. Paomuchung Limestone () Yoh S S, 1929, Geological Reconnaissance of South Kueichou, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (12): 16 Paomuchong (Paomuchung), 15 km southeast of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For limestone Early Triassic. Paoquanchang Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Paoquanchang in Shanxi Province For gneiss, leptynite with interbeds of marble Archean. Paoshan Formation () Geographic name Paoshan was Romanized as Hozan by the Japanese (LSI) Makiyama T, 1934, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Hsinchu Sheet Paoshan in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province Consists of alternating layers of thick sandstone and thin sandy shale Pliocene-Pleistocene. Paoshan Shale () Sun Yunzhu, 1939, in The Fortieth Anniversary Paper of National University of Peking, 29-34 Baoshan (Paoshan) County, Yunnan Province Yellow shales intercalated with argillaceous limestone Late Cambrian. Paoshui Formation () Yang Fengqing, 1984, in Yang Zunyi et al., 1984, Permo-Triassic Boundary and Biostratigraphic Donation of South China, Scientific Papers on Geology for International Exchange, Prepared for the 27 th International Geological Congress, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 99-110 Paoshui in Laibin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For clay stone, fine-grained sandstone and siliceous, tuffaceous clay Late Permian. Paotaishan Conglomerate () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 52 Paotaishan in Anshan City, Liaoning Province For gravel-bearing quartzite, with conglomerate in the base Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with: Paotaishan Formation. Paotaishan Formation () Yu Jianhua et al., 1962, Bulleting of Nanking University, Geology, (1) Paotaishan close to Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For light gray dolomitic limestone, light

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red dolomite Mid Cambrian Homonym: Paotaishan Conglomerate. Paote Formation () Paotuh Stage (Lee J S, 1939, 367), Paote Hipparion Red Clay Zdansky O, 1923, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 5(1) Baode County (Pao-Te-Hsien), Shanxi Province For red clay Neocene.

Paotechow Limestone Member ( ) Paotechow Limestone, Paotuh Limestone (Lee J S, 1939, 433) Wang C C, 1922, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 107 Baode (Paote) County, Shanxi Province For a intercalating bed of limestone in the coal measure Early Permian.

Paoting Limestone () Huang Jiqing, Zeng Dingqian, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 253 Baoding (Paoting) located at the top of Huayingshan, Sichuan Province Limestone intercalated with shales Late Permian.

Paozi Formation () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology

of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 310 Paozi Township, close to Pulandian, Xinhui County, Liaoning Province Peat Holocene The new name of the Pulandian Formation; Synonymous with Takushan Peat Beds. Paozizui Formation () Kang Yuyi, Liu Guanbang, Wang Jianhua, 1982, Division and correlation of the

Lower Tertiary in western part of North Jiangsu Basin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 6(1): 9-19 Paozizui village, 2 km northeast of Shunshanji, Lai’an County, Anhui Province For alternating beds of red clastic rocks and green carbonate rocks Paleocene. Papai Formation (37) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Cangyuan Sheet Papai, west of Menxing, Gengma County, Yunnan Province For grayish white and yellowish gray slate with interbeds of sandstone, siliceous slate and tuffite Early Triassic.

Pashahe Formation ( ) Gu Zhiwei, 1982, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1982, Stratigraphic Correlation Charts in China with Explanatory Texts, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.16 Geology Team of Yunnan Bureau of Geology Pashahe close to Mengyejing, Jiangcheng County, Yunnan Province For sandstone Early Cretaceous.

844

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Pataowan Beds () Bataowan Series, geographic name Pataowan is pronounced as Badaovan by the French (LSI) Song S H, Guan S C, 1943, Preliminary report of coal field geological survey of Pataowan, Dihua, Xinjiang, Brief Report of Geology and Mineral Resources, (2): 12 Badaowan (Pataowan) close to Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a sequence of alternating beds of grayish green, dark gray sandstone, sandy mudstone and shale, intercalated with coal seams and brown iron ore Early Jurassic. Pat Sin Formation () Uglow W L, 1926, Geology and Mineral Resources of the Colony of Hongkong, (7), Hongkong Government Pat Sin, North of Tolo Harbour, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For conglomerate Cretaceous. Patu Formation () Patu Series Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & Southern Kansu,

Geological Memoirs of Geological Survey of China, ser. A, (19): 1-72, 12 plates Badu (Patu), north of Mian County, Gansu Province For a sequence of alternating beds of blackish gray sandstone, phyllite, green schist, and limestone Late Devonian-Late Carboniferous Synonym: Baoshekou Formation.

Patung Formation () Patung Schichten (=Patung Series, Hsieh C Y, Chao Y T, 1925) Richthofen F von, 1912, China, Ergebnisse eigener Reisen und darauf gegrundeter Studien., bd. III, (edited by Ernst Tiessen), 101, fig. 19, 20 Badong (Patung) County, Hubei Province Composed mainly of purple shale and dark red sandstone, intercalated with grayish green, yellowish gray shale and gray thin-bedded marl Mid-Late Triassic. Pazhuo Formation (2 ) Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, 1983, The Silurian System of Tibet, in Contribution

to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15-28 Pazhuo in Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray limestone with interbeds of black shale, and with siliceous beds in the base Late Silurian-Early Devonian Synonym: Xianqiong Formation and Zhaxigang Formation, both are the form of their name with non-lithostratigraphic meanings. Pehai Formation ( ) Pehai Series Deng Zhiyi, 1934, Soil Memoirs of the College of Agronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, (1) Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Sands and gravels layers, intercalated with lenticular gravel-bearing sub sandy soil Pleistocene. Peichiatien Formation ( ) Shimizu S, Obata T, 1937, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.24 Beijiadian (Peichiatien) close to Shanhaiguan (old Linyu County), Hebei Province Limestone

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Early Ordovician.

Peiching Limestone () Beijian Formation Wang C C, Chao Y T, Tien C C, 1924, Stratigraphy of Lincheng Coal Field, Chihli Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6): 27-36 Beijing (Peiching) village in Lincheng County, Hebei Province For limestone Early

Permian. Peide Formation () Ju Ranhong, Zheng Shaolin, Yu Xihan, et al., 1981, Geological Review, 27(5):

391-401. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.108 Heilongjiang Coal Field Geology Team Peide Township, Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province For a component formation within the Longzhaogou Group Mid Jurassic. Peidi Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yin Baoan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (45), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 25. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Peidi village, close to Daning Town, Hexian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For green fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, and shale with interbeds of silicalite Sinian. Peijiazhuang Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi Sheet, Jingle Sheet Peijiazhuang in Gaijiazhuang Township, Loufan County, Shanxi Province For a component formation within the Lvliang Group Archean.

Peiliao Sandstone () Ando S, 1930, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, vol.37, supplement to no.447 Peiliao in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Consists of brownish to greenish gray thickbedded sandstone Miocene Homonym: Peiliao Shale.

Peiliao Shale () Ho C S, 1956, Miocene rocks of the Chutouchi Oil-field, Tainan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (8) Peiliao village in Nanhua, Tainan County, Taiwan Province Composed mainly of dark gray massive shale and clay stone with interbeds or lenticles of fine-grained sandstone usually Miocene-Pliocene Homonymous with

Peiliao Sandstone. Peiling Formation () Peiling Coal Series Liu Huisi, Wang Chaoxiang, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Jiangxi, (2) Beiling (Peiling) village, 10 km northeast of Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province For coal measures Late Triassic.

846

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Peilingtze Limestone i. e. Peilintze Limestone. Peilintze Limestone () Peilingtze Limestone Mathieu F F, 1922, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 104 Beilinzi (Peilintze) in Shimenzhai, Shanhaiguan (old Linyu County), Hebei Province For limestone Early Ordovician. Peima Shale ( ) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 120. First appeared in a 1938 manuscript by Yoh S S Baima (Peima) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For shale Silurian and Devonian.

Peinanshan Conglomerate () Pinanshan Formation, geographic name Peinanshan was Romanized as Hinanzan by the Japanese (LSI) Ooe Z, 1939, Explanatory Text of the Geoloical Map of Taiwan: Taito Sheet Peinanshan close to Taitung County, Taiwan Province For thick beds of conglomerate Miocene. Peipiao Clay () Peipiao Red Clay Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing, Science Press, 133, chart 20-21 Peipiao County, Liaoning Province Red clay Neocene Homonymous with Peipiao Formation. Peipiao Formation () Peipiao Coal Series T’an H C, 1926, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (8): 30-32 Peipiao County, Liaoning Province Grayish white, yellowish green sandstone and black, gray, blue, green sandy shale, intercalated with conglomerate, clay, and important coal-bearing beds, subdivided as follows in ascending order: lower volcanic series, lower coal series, upper coal series, upper volcanic series JurassicCretaceous Homonym: Peipiao Clay. Peipu Group () Geographic name Peipu was Romanized as Hoppo by the Japanese (LSI) Ichikawa Y, 1929, Journal of Geological Society of Japan, 36(429). First appeared in a 1928 manuscript by the Japanese Peipu in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province Composed essentially of soft, coarse-grained, locally conglomerate sandstone and shale, subdivided as follows: Kurin Formation, Tikuto Formation, Taireki Formation, Intosi Formation and Chinshui Shale in descending order Pliocene. Peishan Limestone () Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.I, 483. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang C C Beishan in Susong County, Anhui Province Limestone Early Triassic.

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Peissu Limestone () Chang W Y, Chen T T, 1938, Brief Report of Institute of Geology, Academy Sinica, (7) Beisi (Peissu) in Qianjiang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Composed of dolomite, dolomitic limestone or limestone, occasionally with interbeds of muddy limestone, oolite lime Early Triassic. Peitai Gneiss () Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.1, pt.1, 99-152 Beitai (Peitai) in Wutai County, Shanxi Province For gneiss Presinian. Peitoutze Formation ( ) Peitoutze Shale and Sandstone Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt. 1, 379 Baidaozi (Peitoutze) located 2 km northwest of Zhaogezhuang, Kaiping County, Hebei Province For sandstone and shale Carboniferous.

Peitsakou Sandstone Member () Peitsakou Sandstone Norin E, 1922, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 49 Beichagou (Peitsakou) in the upper branch of Liuzigou, 6 km west of Jinci, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province Frog grayish white coarse-grained arouse sandstone Early Permian. Peiya Formation () Misch P, 1947, Red beds and marine Triassic of Yunnan, Sci. Rec. Acad. Sinica, 2(1) Beiya in Heqing County, northwest of Yunnan Province Limestone Mid Triassic Synonym: Baiyang Limestone. Penchi Formation () Penchi Series Lee J S, Chao Y T, 1926, Classification and correlation of Palaeozoic coal-bearing formations in North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.5, 113-134 Benxi (Penchi) in southern Liaoning Province Referring to the lower division of the old Taiyuan Series, consists of alternating beds of shale, sandstone and limestone but contains at least no workable coal seams Late Carboniferous Penchi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Penchi Limestone Member.

Penchi Limestone Member () Penchi Limestone Chao Y T, 1926, Carboniferous Stratigraphy of South Manchuria, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (8) Benxi (Penchi) in southern Liaoning Province Limestone in the Penchi Formation Late Carboniferous Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Penchi Formation. Penchihu Formation ( ) Penchihu Beds, geographic name Penchihu was Romanized as Honkeiko by the Japanese (LSI) Kido Ch, 1912, Sinkoku Kogyo Jiho, (14) Penchihu Lake, south-

848

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

ern Liaoning Province For the thick series of pink and purple shale, sandstone, and conglomerate, intercalated with a number of porphyrite sills Early Cretaceous. Pengbo Formation () Tibet Integrative Geology Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Pengbo in Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous.

Pengchiayan Shale () Huang T K, Yao H H, 1940, On the unconformity between the Triassic & Jurassic in Weiyuan, Szechuan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 20(3/4): 241-244 Pengjiayan (Penchiayan) in Weiyuan County, Sichuan Province For shale Late Triassic.

Peng Chau Formation () Williams M Y, 1943, Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, Third Series, 37(4): 93-117 Peng Chau Island, 2 km east of Lantau Island, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Cretaceous. Pengda Formation (

)

Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Pengda close to Jintang, Kangding County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of light metamorphic calcareous, muddy and dolomitic carbonate rocks and muddy, sandy rocks Early-Mid Devonian. Pengga Member (!) Pengga Formation Yang Shipu, Fan Yingnian, 1981, Characters of Carboniferous System and Palaeontologic Fauna of Xainza, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (10), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Pengga close to Chaguoluoma, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a member in the top of the Chaguoluoma Formation Early Carboniferous. Pengheshi Formation (!) Zhang Zengqi, Chi Shouxiang, et al., 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), Supplement Pengheshi in Junan County, Shandong Province For metamorphic feldspathic quartzose sandstone, arkose and siltstone with interbeds of quartzite, ruditebearing conglomerate, phyllite and slate Sinian. Pengjia Group () Wang Henian, 1961, Acta Geologica Sinica, 41(1): 16-22 Pengjia in Taiyuan County, Hunan Province For flysch Sinian.

Pengjiakou Formation () Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 154. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by No.326

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Anhui Geology Team Pengjiakou, west of Jiangzhen, Huaining County, Anhui Province For purplish gray, purplish red, grayish yellow tuffaceous conglomerate, tuffite, siltstone and shale Late Jurassic. Pengjiatun Formation () Pengjiatun Member Wang Keyong, 1984, Chronological classification of sedi-

mentary stratigraphy in Minor Basin of Guizhou, Regional Geology of Guizhou, 1(2) Pengjiatun close to Shinao, Panxian County, Guizhou Province For cyclothem

beds composed of gray and brown conglomerate, brownish red gravel-bearing sandy and calcareous mudstone Eocene. Pengjiayuan Member () Pengjiayuan Formation Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Acad-

emia Sinica, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Pengjiayuan in Sichuan Province Dealing with the lower part of the Lojoping Formation, for yellowish-grayish green mudstone, silty mudstone, with interbeds of nodular or thin-bedded marls Early Silurian. Pengjiazhai Formation () Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology,

1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang District Pengjiazhai in Henan Province For a part of strata within the Yanglinggou Formation Late Carboniferous.

Pengjiu Formation () Yin Baoan, Chen Jian, Cai Ninghong, 1994, A new lithostratigraphic unit of Permian–Pengjiu Formation, Regional Geology of Guangxi, (20) Pengjiu in Dazhi Town, Qinzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Late Permian.

Pengkanggu Formation (") Pengkanggu Red Beds Geology Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Material of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 66 Pengkanggu in Tibet Autonomous Region Composed dominantly of volcanic effusive matters and with interbeds of red rudite beds Cretaceous.

Pengkuang Formation (") Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology

of Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 26. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by No.805 Shandong Geology Team Pengkuang in Penglai County, Shandong Province Dealing with the component formation within the Jiaodong Group, for schist, gneiss, amphibolites and leptynite Archean.

850

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Penglai Formation (") Penglai Series Liu K C, 1952, Annual Report of Geological Society of China for 28th Session Penglai County, Shandong Province Presinian. Penglaiba Formation (") Zhao Zhixin, Zhang Guizhi, 1992 Conodont-bearing Stratigraphy of Ordovician in Tarim Basin, in Tong Xiaoguang, Liang Digang ed., 1992, Papers on Oil and Gas Exploration of Tarim Basin, Urumqi: Xinjiang Science, Technology and Health Press. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by Zhou Tianrong Penglaiba in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Ordovician Penglaiba Formation is the unit of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Penglaizhen Formation (") Penglaizhen Sandstone Beds Sheng Xinfu, 1962, Acta Geologica Sinica,

42(1): 31-54. First appeared in a 1946 manuscript by Yang Boquan & Sun Wanquan Penglaizhen in Sichuan Province For alternating beds of grayish purple sandstone and brownish red mudstone Late Jurassic. Pengpenggou Formation ( ) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team and No.213 Geology Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen, Qinyuan Sheet Pengpenggou close to Xiaye, Guxian County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the for-

mation within the base part of the Huoxian Group, for leptynite and migmatite Archean. Pengquhe Group (!) Pengquhe Beds, Pengqu Group Li Pu, 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Pengquhe River, south of Tibet Autonomous Region For sandy limestone and sandstone, and alternating beds of black shale and sandstone Jurassic.

Pengri’a Formation (! ) Han Tonglin, 1983, On the “Shading Slate”, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Pengri’a in Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous. Pengshan Formation () Zou Wenxue, 1984, Classification of Sinian and Some Problems in Pengshan District, Northwestern Jiangxi Province Pengshan in De’an County, Jiangxi Province For alternating beds of purplish red silty shale, grayish green tuffite, volcanic breccia and apilite Sinian. Pengtougou Formation (!) Pengtougou Member Meng Lingshan, Sun Aibao, 1982, Wutaishan Geology, 82(2) Pengtougou in Wangpu Township, Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province For volcanic clastic rocks and lava Late Jurassic.

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Penkungling Formation ( ) Penkungling Coal Series Chu S, 1928, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.7, 62 The native pits Penkungling located at southeast of Binxian County, Henan Province For the beds of sandstone, gray shale and black shale with three or four seams of coal, anthracite and bituminous coal Carboniferous. Peshihpu Formation ( ) Paishihpu Formation Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geological Memoirs of Geological Survey of China, ser.A, (9): 137-139 Baishipu (Peshihpu) located 15 km northeast of Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province Lower part: yellowish green,

purple shales intercalated with thin-bedded limestone, white quartzose sandstone or limestone; Upper part: gray thin-bedded limestone Mid Devonian. Peshihshan Group ( ) Paishihshan Formation Chang W Y, Sun T T, 1942, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 22(3/4): 243-245 Baishishan (Paishihshan) in Guiping County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; For red to dark red thick-bedded calcareous sandstone intercalated with thin-bedded shales Paleocene.

Peshui Formation ( ) Peshui Series Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geological Memoirs of Geological Survey of China, ser.A, (9): 139 Baishui (Peshui) River in Qinling, Shaanxi Province For schist and phyllite Permian.

Peu-kiao Formation () Peu-kiao ss. et sh. Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol. 1, fasc. 1, pt. 1, 100 Pojiao (Peu-kiao) in Guangnan County, Yunnan Province For sandstone and shale Early Carboniferous Homonym: Pochiao Formation, Po-

chiao Conglomerate. Picheng Group () Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Geology of NanjingZhenjiang Mountains, Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team Picheng in Danyang City, Jiangsu Province For leptynite, amphibolites and schist Mesoproterozoic. Pichiashan Formation () T’an H C, 1924, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6): 1-12 Pichiashan, 10 km north of Hegang (Hokang) Coal Mine, Heilongjiang Province For the gneiss including intrusive granite and veins Archean Homonym: Pichiashan Limestone. Pichiashan Limestone () Kao P, Hsu K C, 1940, Geology of West Kiangsi, Geological Memoirs of Geological Survey of China, ser.A, (16) Bijiashan (Pichiashan) close to Xicun village,

852

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yichun County, Jiangxi Province For limestone Early Permian Homonymous with Pichiashan Formation. Pidelibulake Group () Pidili Formation (Yang Zhirong, 1990) Wang Guangyao, 1983, in Contribution

to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 57-61 Pidilibulake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish black siltstone with interbeds of gray thin-bedded fine-grained sandstone and sandstone Mid Triassic. Pidoushan Formation (#) Li Xingxue, 1963, Late Paleozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 140 i.e. Potoushang Formation.

Pienchi Formation () Pienchi Series Lee J, Chu S, 1933, Fourth Ann. Rept. Acad. Sinica, 162 and section III and IV Pienchi, south of Bucheng County, Hunan Province Finegrained sandstone, shale with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone lenticles Cambrian. Pienpa Formation () Pienpa Series Cheng Y C, Ren T Y, 1942, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 22(3/4): 253 The ridge of Pienpa in Jintang County, Sichuan Province Precambrian. Pi’erbaoguzi Formation () See Biyoulebaoguzi Formation. Pihou Formation () Pihou Beds, Pihou Series, Pihou Slate, geographic name Pihou was Romanized as Piyahau by the Japanese(LSI) Ogaswara M, 1933, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Dainano Sheet Pihou village in Ilan County, Taiwan Province Separated out from the Suo Series or the Urai Series based on a con-

glomerate rather frequently met within the slate sequence, containing pebbles of schist, slate, sandstone, phyllite and limestone Late Mesozoic to Eocene. Pihyuan Formation () Pihyuan Sandstone Lee Y Y, 1936, The Sinian glaciation in the Lower Yangtze valley, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 131-134 ( See Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 465) Piyuan village, north of Lantian County, Anhui Province For green and purple sandstone and silicalite, with a thick conglomerate at the base Sinian. Pikeshan Formation () Kang Baoxing, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaojiahe Sheet, Raohe Sheet Pikeshan in Raohe County, Heilongjiang Province For neutral and medium acidic continental volcanic rocks Early Cretaceous.

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Pikou Group () Pikou Series Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & Southern Kansu, Geological Memoirs of Geological Survey of China, ser.A, (19): 1-72 Bikou (Pikou) in Wenxian County, Gansu Province Dark green slate, gray, dark gray marls, with interbeds of schist, phyllite, siliceous limestone, chert layer, and with breccia and greywacke in the base Sinian-Silurian. Piling Shale () Ho C S, Tsan S F, Pan C W, Yang Y T, 1954, Geology of the Nanchuang Coal Field, Miaoli, Taiwan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (6) Piling stream, southeast of Nanchuang in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Dominantly a thick sequence of black to dark gray compact shale with sandstone beds in the middle part Miocene. Pilushan Formation (

)

Pilushan Beds Ho C S, 1986, Introduction to Geology of Taiwan—Explanatory Text of Geological map of Taiwan Pilushan located at the boundary between the Nantou County and Hualien County, Taiwan Province For gray slate and phyllite Eocene. Synonymous with Hsinkao Formation.

Pingba Formation ( ) Lin Shuji, 1984, Quaternary Glacier Traces and Classification and Correlation of Tectonic-Climate Epoch in Huishui Basin, Guizhou, in Contribution to the Quaternary Glacier and Quaternary Geology, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Pingba County, Guizhou Province For brownish mud gravel and boulder Pleistocene Homonymous with Pingpa Limestone. Pingbian Group ($) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team and Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxiang Sheet Pingbian County, Yunnan Province For green phyllite, quartz siltstone and dolomite bands Sinian. Pingchen Gravel ( ) Makiyama T, 1934, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Kannonzan Sheet Pingchen in Taoyuan County, Taiwan Province For gravel beds Pleistocene. Pingcheng Member ( ) Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian System of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157 Pingcheng, west of Duowen village, Qinjia County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region A component member of the Qinjia Formation, for dark gray dolomitic limestone and limestone Early Devonian. Pingchiao Limestone ( ) Lee C, Chu S, 1933, Ann. Rept., Academia Sinica, 166-171 Pingqiao (Pingchiao) in Wugang County, Hunan Province For limestone Early Carboniferous.

854

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Pingchou Formation ( ) Xiapingzhou Dolomite Endo R, 1931, Cambrian Period, Iwanami Series, Iwanami Book Shop, 47-62 Xiapingzhou (Pingchou), east of Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province For dolomite Early Ordovician Synonym: Xiapingzhou Dolomite.

Pingchuan Formation ( ) You Jiarong, 1980, Explanatory Text of 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xifeng Sheet Shang Pingchuanzhai, 30 km southeast of Panxian County, Guizhou Province For gray, dark gray crystalline limestone with interbeds of nodular limestone, mudstone and shale, and alternating beds of muddy sandstone and clay Early

Permian. Pingdingcun Basalt ( ) Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yuzhuo, 1984, Chronological study of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 30-37 Pingding village, close to Baijin, Yanji County, Jilin Province For basalt Miocene.

Pingdingshan Member ( ) Pingdingshan Sandstone Pingdingshan Prospecting Team of Central-South Bureau of Geology, 1956, Report of Pingdingshan Coal Field Pingdingshan, north of Pingdingshan City, Henan Province For grayish yellow sandstone and particoloured shale Early Permian.

Pingdiquan Formation ( ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Kupu Sheet. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Department of Xinjiang Petroleum Geology Pingdiquan close to Shengligou, north of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green conglomerate, sandstone, with interbeds of siltstone, mudstone and limestone Late Permian. Pingdong Formation ( ) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Pingxiang Sheet, Chongzuo Sheet, Dongxing Sheet, Youyiguan Sheet Pingdong in Shiwandashan, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gravel-bearing sandstone, fine-grained sandstone with alternating beds of mudstone and muddy sandstone Late Triassic. Ping’en Formation ( ) Xian Siyuan et al., 1980, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Nandan Type of Devonian, Southern China, Guiyang: Guzhou People’s Publishing House Ping’en in Nachi Township, Napo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For

siliceous banded thin-bedded limestone, muddy limestone and dolomitic limestone Early-Mid Devonian.

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Pingerhkuan Group (  ) Pingerhkuan Shale Hsu R L, 1933, Special Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (29) Ping’erguan (Pingerhkuan) in Pingxiang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish green, yellowish gray, orange and red shale, grayish yellow sandstone and dark grayish banded shale Mid Triassic.

Pingfengshan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 99. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Pingfengshan in Dahongshan District, Hubei Province For a component formation within the Yingshan Group Proterozoic. Pinghsiang Formation (%) Pinghsiang Coal Series Sun Yunzhu et al., 1955, Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 232 Pingxiang (Pinghsiang) City, Jiangxi Province For brownish yellow and yellow thin-bedded shale with interbeds of sandy shale Early Triassic.

Pinghu Formation (1) (

 1) Zheng Jiajian, Tong Yongsheng, Ji Hongxiang, Zhang fa, 1973, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 11(2): 206-210 Pinghuli in Xincheng Township, northeast of Dayu County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with a new name of a non-lithostraigraphic formation

in the upper part of the Xincheng Group, for purplish red, brownish red mudstone with parti-coloured beds Eocene Pinghu Formation (1) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Pinghu Formation (2) (

 2) Shanghai Integrative Research Team of Marine Geology, Ministry of Geology

& Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1989, Cenozoic Palaeontological Fauna of the Continental Shelf of East China Sea, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Shanghai Integrative Research Team of Marine Geology, Ministry of Geology Pinghu Hole no.1 in Pinghu Depression, continental shelf basin of East China Sea For gray calcareous mudstone with interbeds of sandstone and bituminitic coal Late Eocene Pinghu Formation (2) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Pingjing Formation ( ) Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Yanhe Sheet. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology Pingjing in Yanhe County, Guizhou Province For dark gray limestone, dolomite, dolomitic limestone, with quartzose sandstone and dolomitic sandstone Mid Cambrian.

856

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Pingliang Formation ( ) Pingliang shale Yuan P L, 1925, The Ordovician Graptolite Beds of Ping Liang, East Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(1): 19-20 Pingliang County, Gansu Province For black, dark gray, yellowish green calcareous, muddy, silty shale Mid Ordovician Synonym: Longmendong Formation.

Pinglin Formation ( ) Pinglin Series Lin C C, 1954, Geology of Taiwan, in Taiwan Hish-chih, China Culture Publishing Foundation Pinglin village in Taipei County, Taiwan Province Oligocene.

Pingling Formation () Pingling Member Zhang Xianqiu, 1982, Proceedings of Geological Society of Guangdong, (2) Pingling in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province A compo-

nent formation in the top of the Nanxiong Group, for dark, dark purplish red silty mudstone with interbeds of conglomerate Late Cretaceous. Pinglongshan Member (

) Pinglongshan Formation Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional

Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 313. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Liu Zhengkun Pinglongshan close to Nadang, Shangsi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dealing with a member in the lower part of Fulong Formation, for purplish red sandstone, gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone with interbeds of sandy mudstone, grayish white rudite and tuffite Late Triassic Pinglu Group ( !) Pinglu Series Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuncheng Sheet, Sanmenxia Sheet. First appeared in a 1927-1929 manuscript by Cao Shilu Pinglu County, Shanxi Province For alternating beds of red conglomerate, rudite and grayish green mudstone, muddy dolomite, gypsum and carbonaceous mudstone Paleocene.

Pinglve Formation ( ") Qin Shouyong, 1984, Guizhou Geology, (2) Pinglve village in Jinping County, Guizhou Province Dealing with the third member of the local original Qingshui-

jiang Formation, for light gray, grayish green slate with interbeds of metamorphic sandstone, tuffite, and with carbonate rock lenticle occasionally Neoproterozoic. Pingpa Limestone ( ) Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt. I, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, pl. VI Pingba (Pingpa) close to Jingshan, northwestern Hubei Province For limestone Silurian(?) Homonym: Pingba Formation.

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Pingpao Formation ( &) Guizhou Team of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 233 Pingpao in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province For grayish green, light purplish red diamictite with interbeds of agglomerate Sinian. Pingqian Formation () Li Quan, Leng Jian ed., 1991, Precambrian of the Shennongjia, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press Pingqian in Shennongjia, Hubei Province Sinian. Pingshan Formation () Huang Zhenguo, Li Pingri, Zhang Zhongying, Li Konghong, Qiao Pengnian,

Song Yongqiang, 1983, Geomorphy of Shenzhen, Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press Pingshan, northeast of Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province For grayish white to gray coarse-grained rudite beds Pleistocene. Pingshan Gneiss ( ) Yih L F, Liu C C, 1919, The Coal Field of Ling Yu Hsien, Chihli, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (1): 37  Shang Pingshan and Xia Pingshan, 8 km southwest of Shimenzhai, Yulin County, Hebei Province For gneiss Archean Synonym:

Pingshan Sandstone. Pingshan Sandstone ( ) Yih L. F, Liu C C, 1919, The Coal Field of Ling Yu Hsien, Chihli, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (1): 38  Shang Pingshan and Xia Pingshan, 8 km southwest of Shimenzhai, Yulin County, Hebei Province For sandstone Early Cambrian Synonymous with Pingshan Gneiss. Ping-shan-pa Limestone ( ) Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1) Pingshanba (Ping-shan-pa) in Yichang County, Hubei Province For limestone Cambrian-Early Ordovician. Pingshih Formation () Wu S S, Tseng C H, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 274 Pingshi (Pingshih) in Lechang County, Guangdong Province For thin-bedded sandstone and shale, with conglomerate in the base Paleocene. Pingshui Formation ( ) Pingshui Group Lin Qinglong, 1992, The formation environment and material source of spilite-keratophyres of the Pingshui Group in Zhejiang, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no. 3 (serial no. 42), 257-265 Pingshui in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province Dealing with a group of volcanic rocks that have obvious difference with the local original Shuangxiwu Group. It composed mainly of basic lava (spilite-keratophyres), with interbeds of oolitic limestone and jasperite Mesoproterozoic.

858

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Pingsikou Formation ( ) Pingsikou Series, Pingxikou Series (Mu Enzhi, 1962, 14) Li C, Chu S, 1930,

Geology of the southern slope of the central part of Tsinling Range, Chihkan. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (9): 1-109 Pingxigou (Pingsikou), 15 km to 20 km northeast of Baokang County, Hubei Province For greenish gray and black banded shale Silurian Synonym: Pingxikou Formation. Pingtaboluo Formation () Wang Naiwen, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 29-40 Pingtaboluo in Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of oolitic limestone, muddy limestone and quartzose sandstone Late Carboniferous.

Pingtaitzu Formation ( ) Pingtaitzu Coal-bearing Formation Kihara B, 1943, Bull. Geol. Soc. Manchuria, (4-5): 7 Pingtaizi (Pingtaitzu) close to Tianshifu, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For coal-bearing series Late Jurassic.

Pingtichai Formation ( ) Pingtichai Series Hsieh C Y, Wang C, 1938, Geological Review, 3(1): 6369 Pingdizhai (Pingtichai), 30 km southeast of Xiwan village, Hexian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For chert beds with thin-bedded limestone and black shale Early Carboniferous.

Pingting Limestone ( ) Lee J S, Chao Y T, 1926, Classification and correlation of Palaeozoic coal-bearing formations in North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 5(2): 107-134 Pingding (Pingting, today Yangquan City) Zhou, Shanxi Province For limestone Late

Carboniferous. Pingtouling Formation ( ) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Houma Sheet, Hancheng Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Bai Jin Pingtouling, north of Henglingguan, Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province A formation of the Jiangxian Group, for quartzite, with gravel in the base Archean. Pingtoushan Formation ( ) Pingtoushan Group No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Niujuanzi Sheet Pingtoushan, 65 km west of Mazongshan Mt., Subei Mongol Autonomous County, northern Gansu Province A substitute name of the local original Yuanzaoshan Group, for carbonate rocks with interbeds of clastic rocks Mesoproterozoic Pingtoushan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

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Pingtsiang Limestone (') Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 498 Pingxiang (Pingtsiang) City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Triassic.

Pingtung Formation (

) Pingtung Series Lee T C, 1929, Geology and Mineral Resources of Laipin,

Wuhsuan and Kueiping, Kwangsi, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.II, fasc.2, 21-36 Pingdong (Pingtung) village, 18 km northeast of Wuxuan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For silicalite Late Devonian Synonymous with Liuchiang Formation. Pingwagou Formation ( ) Feng Mingdao et al., 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bashikaogong Sheet Pingwagou in Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For siliceous limestone, crystalline limestone, sandstone, marble and dolomite, with interbeds of phyllite and (or) slate lenticle Neoproterozoic.

Pingxikou Formation ( ) i.e. Pingsikou Formation. Pingyipu Group ( ) Pingyoupu Quartzite Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Geological Memoirs of Geological Survey of China, (9): 137 Pingyipu in Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province For light gray, yellowish gray light red thick-bedded quartzose sandstone, yellowish gray and black shale and sandy shale (included Ganxi Formation and Pingyipu Sandstone of Yoh S S, 1956) Early Devonian Homonym: Pingyipu Sandstone.

Pingyipu Sandstone ( ) Yoh S S, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(4): 443-476 Pingyipu in Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province For a component sandstone bed of the lower part of the Pingyoupu Quartzite Early Devonian Homonym with the same name and

subordinate relationship: Pingyoupu Quartzite; Homonymous with Pingyipu Group. Pingyoupu Quartzite ( ) i.e. Pingyipu Group. Pingyuan Formation () Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingjiang Sheet Pingyuan in Pingjiang County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of grayish green slate, tuffaceous siltstone and sandstone Mesoproterozoic

860

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Pingyuan Formation ( ) Pingyuan Series Si Xingjian, Zou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 135. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Zhang Youzheng Pingyuan in Guangdong Province For alternating beds of parti-coloured volcanic rocks with interbeds of purplish red sandstone and shale, and with conglomerate and breccias in the base Early Jurassic.

Pingzhai Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qiubei Sheet Pingzhai in Qiubei County, Yunnan Province For gray fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of mudstone, marls and gravel-bearing conglomerate Late Triassic.

Pingzhang Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Pingzhang village in Yingban Township, Fengqing County, Yunnan Province For a series strata composed of acidic extrusive rocks, carbonate rocks and silicalite Early Carboniferous Synonym: Yiliu

Formation. Pinnan Formation () Pingnan Beds Zeng Fannai, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36) Bingnan (Pinnan) close to Nalaqing, Yongren County, Yunnan Province For shales Late Triassic.

Pipi Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Pipi in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Permian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Pishan Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Pishan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Included Duwa Formation, Daliyue’er Formation and Shajing Formation Late Permian. Pishanqiao Formation () Ma Changxin, Liu Ronggui, Lu Guide, et al., 1992, Presinian Geology of Northeastern Jiangxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Pishanqiao close to Hengyong Township, Boyang County, Jiangxi Province For grayish green tuffaceous sandstone with interbeds of slate Neoproterozoic.

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Pitou Formation () Wang Y, 1953, Acta Geologica Taiwanica, (5) Pitou village at the northeastern corner of Taipei County, Taiwan Province Characterized by its dark gray coloured sandy shale or marl and coarse sandstone, contains a rich molluscan fauna, foraminifer and echinoids Miocene-Pliocene. Pitoushan Group () Pitoushan Shale, geographic name Pitoushan was Romanized as Hitosan by the Japanese (LSI) Lin C C, 1933, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 4(5/6) Pitoushan in Taichung County, Taiwan Province Pitoushan Group included a subdivision of Pitoushan Shale with the same name and subordinate relationship Miocene-Pliocene Lin C C used the name Pitoushan Shale as an alternative of his Pitoushan Group to substitute the Chinshui Shale (Lin C C, 1951, Formosan Mining Industry, 3(3/4)). Piyaman Formation () Zhang Daole, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hetian Sheet Piyaman in Hetian County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For

yellowish green muddy sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of carbonaceous shale, grayish white quartz conglomerate and coal seams Late Carboniferous. Piyuan Sandstone () Piyuancun Formation (Qian Yiyuan et al., 1964, Memoirs (or Chihkan) of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Stratigraphy, (1)) Lee Y Y, Lee C, 1930, Ann. Rept. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica Piyuan village close to Latian, Xiuning County, Anhui Province Composed mainly of silicalite with interbeds of carbonaceous and siliceous shale, with argillaceous dolomite locally Sinian Synonym: Piyuancun Formation. Piyuancun Formation () i.e. Piyuan Sandstone. Plover Cove Formation (%) Li Zuoming, 1987 Plover Cove in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For grayish white, light gray coarse-grained sandstone, brownish yellow, purplish red shales Early-Late Devonian. Pochengshan Formation (() Fan Guilin, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Poziquan Sheet Pochengshan in Subei County, Gansu Province For light graygreen, brownish yellow clastic rocks with interbeds of silicalite and carbonate rocks Early Cambrian. Pochengzi Formation (() Pochengzi Tillite Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory Text for 1:1 500 000 Scale Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China,

862

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 13, table 1 Pochengzi in Hantenggeli District, Tianshan Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For loess Pleistocene Homonymous with Pochentze Complex. Pochentze Complex (() Norin E, 1941, The Sino-Swedish Exp. Publ. 16 Pochengzi (Pochentze), south of Ganshahe, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For various coloured greywacke, limestone and calcareous and shaly sandstone Late Paleozoic Homonym: Pochengzi Formation.

Pochiao Conglomerate () Wang C C, Lu C H, 1940, Geology of the Coal Field of Niaoke, Kaituan, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Pojiao (Pochiao), 1 km south of Niaoge Coal Mining, 15 km northwest of Kaiyuan County, Yunnan Province For conglomerate Pliocene or Pleistocene Homonymous with Pochiao Formation.

Pochiao Formation () Pochiao Shale Yin T H, 1938, Devonian fauna of the Pochiao Shale of East Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 18(1): 33-66 Pojiao (Pochiao) in Guangnan County, Eastern Yunnan For shale and marls Early Devonian Homonymous with Peu-kiao Formation, Pochiao Conglomerate.

Pochi Wan Shale () Ting V K, 1947, Reports of Geological Survey, Nanking, Geological Survey of China, 1-74 Pochi Wan village, 3 km south of Weining County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of black shales, yellow sandstone, sandy shale and a few shaly limestones Early Carboniferous.

Podi Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yucheng, Sanmenxia Sheet Podi in Pinglu County, Shanxi Province For alternating beds of brownish red and lateritic red sandstone and rudite Eocene.

Poduan Formation () Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingren, Anlong Sheet Poduan in Ceheng County, Guizhou Province For intraclast and bioclast limestone Mid Triassic.

Pogang Formation () Pagang Beds Yang Zhongjian, Zhou Mingzhen, 1955, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 3(1) Pogang village in Jianshan County, Anhui Province For grayish green, brownish red alternating beds of clay Pleistocene.

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Poindo Group ( ) Poindo Series Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Poindozong, north of Linzhou County, northeast of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region For basic volcanic rocks, volcanic clastic rocks, green gravel-bearing sandstone, agglomerate slate and black slate Late Carboniferous-Early Permian.

Polinpu Formation (() Liang Dingyi, Wang Weiping, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (2) Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 226-234 Polinpu in Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region For slate with interbeds of siltstone and limestone lenticle Late Carboniferous.

Polo Conglomerate (#) Editorial Commission of Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 129, chart 30. First appeared in a 1945 manuscript by Sun C C Boluo(Polo) valley in Mamituogou, Chijin Township, 18 km southeast of Yumen City, Jiuquan Basin, Gansu province For dark purple breccia with interbeds of faulty coal Mid Jurassic. Polokeng Limestone (# ) Yuan W C, 1942, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (35) Polokeng in Baiguowan, Huili County, Sichuan Province Limestone Triassic.

Poqianjie Formation () Yu Jixian, Wang Mingsheng, Yang Jianchao, et al., 1985, Henan Geology, 3(4): 55-62 Poqianjie in Luanchuan County, Henan Province For grayish green, purplish red andesite Mesoproterozoic.

Port Island Formation () Ruxton B P, 1960, Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol.115, 2 223-2 260 Chizhou (Port Island, or Port I) in the northeast mouth of Chek Mun Str., New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Late Cretaceous.

Poshan Formation () Poshan Series Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.1, pt.1, 19-58 Poshan County (today Zibo County), Shangdong Province For a coal measure, shale, sandstone, limestone and coal seams Carboniferous-Permian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Poshan Limestone.

Poshan Limestone () Lee S J, Chao Y T, 1926, Classification and correlation of Paleozoic coal-bearing formations in North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 5(2): 107-134 Poshan County

864

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

(today Zibo County), Shangdong Province A part of limestone in the Poshan Formation Carboniferous Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Poshan Formation. Poshi Formation ()) Poshi Group Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt. I, Palaeozoic

and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 189 Poxi (Poshi) in Eastern Yunnan Province For dark gray thin-bedded limestone, with interbeds of marls and silicalite Mid Devonian. Posongchong Formation () Liao Weihua, Xu Hankui, Wang Chengyuan, Ruan Yiping, Cai Chongyang, Mu Daocheng, Lu Lichang, 1978, Classification and Correlation of Devonian Stratigraphy of Southwestern China, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 193-213 Posongchong close to Xizhang, Guangnan County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of grayish brown finegrained sandstone, siltstone, and silty mudstone Early Devonian. Potou Formation (1) ( 1) Zhang Zonghu, Zhang Zhiyi, Wang Yunsheng, 1987, Acta Geologica Sinica, 61(4): 362-374 Potou village located at the lower reaches of the Heimugou valley, Luochuan County, Shaanxi Province For light red and yellow loess like clay with interbeds of silty beds Pleistocene Homonym: Potou Formation (2). Potou Formation (2) ( 2) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9 Potou in Xinping County, Yunnan Province For schist, marble slate with interbeds of quartzite Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Potou Formation (1). Potoushang Formation () Potoushang Beds, Pidoushan Coal Series Chai Dengbang, Yan Shutan, 1942, Geological Review, 7(1/3): 59. First appeared in a manuscript by Li Chengsan & Ye Lianjun Potoushang close to Longdong, east of Zhaotong County, Yunnan Province For purple marls, shale with interbeds of sandstone, gray limestone and black shale, with coal seams in the base Early Permian Synonym: Pidoushan Formation Pozheluo Formation ($) Liao Weihua, Xu Hankui, Wang Chengyuan, Ruan Yiping, Cai Chongyang, Mu Daocheng, Lu Lichang, 1978, Classification and Correlation of Devonian Stratigraphy of Southwestern China, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Bei-

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jing: Geological Publishing House, 193-213 Pozheluo close to Xizhang, Guangnan County, Yunnan Province For limestone with interbeds of silicalite Mid Devonian. Poziquan Formation () Peng Xiangping, Bai Yunshan, 1998, Xinjiang Geology, 16(3) Poziquan, southeast of Hami County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone Early

Carboniferous. Puchanghe Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 225. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Puchanghe village in Pupeng Town, Xiangyun County, Yunnan Province For purplish red mudstone with interbeds of parti-coloured marls and sandstone bands Early Cretaceous. Puchaopa Formation () Wang C C, Lu C H, 1940, Geology of the Lignite Deposit of Puchaopa, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Puchaopa in Kaiyuan County, Yunnan Province For yellow coarse-grained sandstone, conglomerate and yellowish

gray shales with interbeds of clay, thin-bedded marl, lignite and limonite seams Pliocene.

Puchi Sandstone (* ) Puchi Violet Sandstone Li C, 1928, Geology of Puchi, Kiayu, Hisenning, Chun-

yang and Wuchang Districts, Hupeh Province, Mem. Nat. Res. Ins. Geol. Nanking, (3), with an English Abstract by Lee J S, 1-3 Puqi (Puchi) County, Hubei Province For purple sandstone and sandy shale Mid-Late Triassic. Pudeng Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 10. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.3 Yunnan Geology Team Pudeng in central Yunnan Province For a component formation within the Yuanmo Group Palaeoproterozoic. Pu’ercuo Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Pu’ercuo in Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray quartzose sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of limestone, siliceous limestone and marbles Ordovician-Silurian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Puge Formation () Mu Enzhi, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Junyuan, Rong Jiayu, 1979, Ordovician System of Southwestern China, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 1979, Carbonate Rock Biostratigraphy of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Puge close to Huadan, Ningnan County, Sichuan Province For dolomitic limestone Ordovician. Puhe Complex (*) Puhe Formation No.311 Geology Team of Anhui Bureau of Metallurgical Geology, 1982, Geological Science and Technology of Anhui, (2) Puhe close to Liuping, Susong County, Anhui Province A component formation of the Susong Group, for schist, gneiss with interbeds of marbles Palaeoproterozoic. Pu-Hsien Formation (*) Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol. 34 Puxian County (PuHsien), Shanxi Province For sandstone and red shale Permian-Triassic. Pujiacun Formation () Chen Guangyuan, Zhang Kai, Xu Hongyou, et al., 1943, Preliminary Report of Geology of Yipinglang Coal Field Pujiacun village in Yipinglang Mining Area, Lufeng County, Yunnan Province For sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of mudstone, shale, and quartzose sandstone Late Triassic.

Pukow Formation () Liu C C, Chao J C, 1924, Preliminary Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Kiangsu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (4) Pukou in Jiangsu Province For dark red to purple thick-bedded coarse-grained sandstone, with interbeds of thin-bedded sandy shale, and with conglomerate at the base Mid-Late Cretaceous. Pulai Formation (*) Pulai Member Cai Xuanduo, Zhou Zhiqiang, Zhang Yan, et al., 1987, Late

Silurian and Devonian Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Diebu Area, Nanjing: Nanking University Press Pulai village in Danduo valley, 24 km northwest of Diebu County, Gansu Province For black silty shale with interbeds of crystalline limestone and carbonaceous calcareous shale Mid-Late Devonian. Pulan Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Pulan County, Tibet Autonomous Region For mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, rudite and conglomerate Pliocene-Pleistocene Synonymous with Zanda Group. Pulandian Formation ( ) Pollen and Spore Group of Guiyang Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1977, Science in China, 1977(6): 603-614 Pulandian in Jinxian

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County, Liaoning Province For the peat beds belong to Holocene within the Takushan Peat Beds Homonymous with Pulantien Formation. Pulantien Formation ( ) Morita G, 1939, Jubilee Publication in the Commemoration of Professor Yabe H’s Sixtieth Birthday, vol. 1, 19-38, Sendai, Japan Pulandian (Pulantien) in Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For conglomerate, sandstone and siltstone with interbeds of shale Early Cretaceous Homonym: Pulandian formation.

Pulaqu Formation () No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet Pulaqu in Raojin Township, Zuogan County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray slate and fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of quartzose sandstone and crystalline limestone Late Triassic.

Puli Formation () Geographic name Puli was Romanized as Hori the Japanese (LSI) Oinouye Y, et al., 1928, Preliminary Report on the Oil Fields of Taiwan Puli Town, Nantou County, Taiwan Province For clay with interbeds of peat beds Eocene.

Puling Formation () Puling Metamorphic Volcanics Xia Bangdong, 1962, Bulletin of Nanking University, Geology Puling, west of Qimen County, Anhui Province For alternating beds of grayish green phyllitic andesitic tuffite and andesite Neoproterozoic.

Pulong Formation (*) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 97. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Liu Yiren Pulong in Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province For gray and yellowish brown metamorphic sandstone with interbeds of slate Late Ordovician. Pulu Formation () Mu Enzhi, Chen Ting’en, 1984, New Information on the Silurian strata of southern Tibet, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 49-55 Pulu village in Sa’er area, Dingjie County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish white and grayish yellow muddy banded limestone Mid-Late Silurian Synonym: Qiangla Formation.

Pumenqian Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Pumenqian close to Yangyi, Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For oolitic limestone with interbeds of bioclastic limestone and cherty limestone Early Carboniferous.

868

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Punu Formation (8) Wang Naiwen et al., 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Punu in Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous-Palaeogene. Pupiao Formation (*) Pupiao Series, Pupiao Beds Brown J C, 1916, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol. 47, pt. 4 Pupiao, southeast of Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For yellowish green, yellow and purple siltstone, silty mudstone, and marls Mid Ordovician. Pupuga Formation () Wang Yigang, Sun Dongli, He Guoxiong, 1980, New advances in the stratigraphy of the Himalaya (China’s side), Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1): 55-59 Pupuga

bridge, 0.5 km east of Tulong village, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the middle and lower part of original Nieniexiongla Group Early Jurassic Pupuga Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic

meaning. Pusela Formation () Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Pusela Mt., east of Mayangjiesheng, Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the so called “lower formatiom”of the original Caili Group, for grayish white, grayish green crystalline limestone with interbeds of black muddy limestone, breccia limestone, sand-bearing limestone and algal limestone Early Jurassic Pusela Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Pushang Formation () Wu Tieshan, Zhang Juxing, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Pushang in Shanxi Province Included Liuxi Member and Luzuitou Member Archean.

Pushila Diamictite () Pushila Till Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 254. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Geology Team, Ministry of Geology Pushila located at the north slope of Zuo’aoyou Mt., Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene. Pushuiqiao Formation () Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdu Sheet Pushuiqiao bridge in Jiangda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of parti-coloured fine-grained sandstone and siltstone Early Triassic.

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Pusige Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Pusige close to Duwa, Pishan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brownish red sandstone, gravel-bearing coarsegrained sandstone, sandy mudstone, with interbeds of gravel-bearing mudstone, sandy limestone, marl and sandy limestone Early Permian. Putaogou Formation (+) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Xia Gongshi Putaogou close to Shengjinshan pass, Huoyanshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For yellow, red siltstone with interbeds of conglomerate Pliocene. Putaojing Formation (+) Mu Enzhi, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Junyuan, Rong Jiayu, 1978, The Ordovician strata in the vicinity of Shuanghe, Changning District of Sichuan, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(2): 105-121 Putaojing village in Shuanghe Town, Changning County, Sichuan Province For the quartzose sandstone, shale, mudstone and overlying Shuanghe Formation (1) Early-Mid Ordovician. Putaoling Formation (+) Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 248. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.3 Petroleum Geological Exploration Team of Ministry of Geology Putaoling in Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of grayish white conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone Oligocene. Putaoshan Formation (+) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 110. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Zhu Shaolong et al. Putaoshan in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province For the Asterocalamites cf. scrobiculatus-bearing sandstone Early Carboniferous Putaoshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Putaoyu Formation (+) i.e. Puyu Formation. Putonggou Formation () No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhuoni Sheet Putonggou close to Zhanwa,

870

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Nuo’ergai County, Sichuan Province For gray, grayish green, purplish red mudstone, sandstone with interbeds of limestone Early Devonian. Puyu Formation () Puyu Shale Wang Zejiu, 1963, Geological Review, 21(2): 167-168 Puyu (i.e. Putaoyu), Yanshi County, Henan Province For gray, grayish yellow shale Presinian Synonym: Putaoyu Formation (Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974).

Q Qagan Formation () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Ge-

ology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Cuogang (Qagan) in Haila’er valley, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish yellow, grayish green, grayish black silty fine-grained sands and gravel Pleistocene. Qalendar Formation () Qalendar Beds or Calendar Beds Grober P, 1914, Geogr. Abh., bd.10, heft 1, v+104 Kalunda’er (Qalendar) in southern Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of green fine-grained thin-bedded calcareous sandstone and sandy shale, with interbeds of brownish red, gray mudstone beds, nodule, and with thin-bedded limestone in the top Early Permian.

Qamdo Formation ( ) Qamdo Red Series, Qamdu Red Beds Li Pu, 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For red to purplish red sandstone, shale and muddy sandstone Cretaceous.

Qaragizoil Formation () Qaragizoil Complex Norin E, 1935 or 1941, The Sino-Swedish Expedition, publ.16 Kalakezil (Qaragizoil) in Kuruktag, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For complex Silurian-Devonian.

Qaragoul Formation ( ) Qaragoul Series Huang T K, Young C C, Cheng T C, Chow M N Bien, 1947

Report on geological investigation of some oil-fields in Sinkiang, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (21): 57 Qaragoul in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region PreLate Carboniferous. Qaranghuliq Formation () Norin E, 1937, The Sino-Swedish Expedition, vol. III, Geology, (1) Kalanghulike (Qaranghuliq) Mt. in Kuruktag, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone Palaeozoic(?).

Qiabulin Formation () Wu Haoruo, Wang Dong’an, Wang Liancheng, 1977, The Cretaceous of LazeJiangze District, Southern Tibet, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1977(3): 262-273 Qiabulin, 40 km west of Xigaze City, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish green siltstone with interbeds of conglomerate lenticles Late Cretaceous Synonym:

Dazhuka Formation.

872

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qia’ergaye Formation () Zhang Daole et al., 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Aibihu Sheet Qia’ergaye located at the southern slope of the Mayila Mt., southeast of Tuoli County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, light gray, dark gray and grayish green sandstone with interbeds of rudite Early Silurian. Qiagela Formation () Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 19 Qiagela in Qiangnan County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the lower part of Amugang Group, for gneiss and schist Prepermian. Qiajiao Gravel Beds ( ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 302 Qiajiao in Xianshuihe river valley, Sichuan Province For gravel beds Pleistocene. Qiakebu Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Ding Puquan), 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Aerxiatengbieliqi’er Sheet Qiakebu river in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous. Qiakemakelike Group ( ) Qiakemakelike Formation Ma Shipeng, Wang Yuzhen, Fang Xilian, 1989, Xinjiang Geology, 7(4): 68-79. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Ma Shipeng & Wang Yuzhen Qiakemakelike valley, west of Xinjiang-Tibet highway, northern slope of the Kunlun Mountain, south of Yecheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Bolong Formation, Kelixi Formation and Yutang Formation Sinian. Qiakemakeqi Formation (,) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 229 Qiakemakeqi in Kuqa County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, pink sandstone, conglomerate like sandstone, conglomerate with interbeds of thin-bedded mudstone and siltstone Late Cretaceous. Qiakemaketashidaban Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing:

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Geological Publishing House Qiakemaketashidaban in Altun District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For crystalline limestone Neoproterozoic. Qialaka Formation () Hu Changshou, 1991, Silurian-Early Devonian stratigraphy in the Yanjing area,

Tibet, and its significance, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.3 (serial no.38), 282-284 Qialaka close to Duojiban, Yanjing County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray, grayish brown quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of siltstone and shale, and with shales in the upper part Early Silurian. Qian’an Formation () Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China, Beijing: Science Press Qian’an County, Hebei Province For grayish white sand beds and mudstone Pleistocene.

Qiancun Formation () Ju Tianyin, 1966, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(2): 200-203 Qiancun in Yushan County, Jiangxi Province For grayish green, grayish red shale and siltstone, with interbeds of limestone Late Ordovician Qiancun Formation is the form of lithos-

tratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Qiangang Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 215 Qiantang in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Districts, Zhejiang Province For sandy clay Pleistocene. Qiangfengling Member ( ) Wang C C, 1926, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Taiyuan-Yulin Sheet Qiangfengling in Shanxi Province For basalt, andesite and trachyandesite Late Jurassic.

Qiangge Formation ( ) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Qiangge close to Tuoba, Qamdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish black to black muddy limestone, limestone, with interbeds of biolimestone and calcareous mudstone Late Devo-

nian. Qiangla Formation () Qiangla Group Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Qiangla in Pulan County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red, yellowish gray, and dark gray dolomitic marble Early Devonian Synonymous with Pulu Formation.

874

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qiangmayu Formation ( ) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 22. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by No.1 Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Qiangmayu in Yanshi County, Henan Province For a component formation within the Taihua Group Archean. Qiangmulequ Formation ( 9) Jiang Zhongti, 1983, Some Problems on Jurassic Strata of the Qiangtang Area, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 87-112 Qiangmulequ close to 114 highway maintenance squad of Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Anduo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For particoloured sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, limestone marls and muddy shale Late Jurassic Synonym: Amdo Formation. Qiangruo Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000

Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yadong Sheet. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.1 Tibet Geology Team Qiangruo in Tibet Autonomous Region Originally Dealing with the “ferruginous sandstone” of Hayden, 1907 Eocene Synonymous with the Jidula Formation. Qiangshari Formation ( ) Lin Baoyu, Wang Naiwen, Wang Sien, Liu Guifang, Qiu Hongrong, 1989, Stratigraphy of Tibet, in Tectonic Evolution of Lithosphere of Himalaya[Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (2) Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qiangshari, southeast of Kede village, Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For siliceous limestone Early Silurian. Qiangtang Formation ( ) Wu Xihao, Qian Fang, Pu Qingyu, 1982, Quaternary Glacier Geology of Eastern

Kunlun Mountain, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (4), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qiangtang (inhabited region of an ancient Qiangzu group), between Sichuan and Xinjiang, mainly in Qinghai Province For brownish red sands, gravel beds and yellow clay Pleistocene. Qianguo Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1992, Palaeontological Atlas of Jilin, China, Changchun: Jilin Science and Technology Press, 43 Qianguo in Jilin Province For loess Holocene. Qiangxiangshengdan Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Qiangxiangshengdan in Inner Mongolia Au-

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tonomous Region Late Jurassic. Qianheishan Formation ( ) Qian Zhizheng, 1976, Geological Science and Technology, (5) Qianheishan, Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For purplish red to orange to parti-coloured cyclothem of sandstone, shale and limestone Early Carboniferous Qianheishan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Qianhuangdi Limestone () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-654 Qianhuangdi village in Tianshifu coal field, east of Benxi City, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Qianhuazigou Formation () Qianhuazigou Coal Beds Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohuku Imp. Univ., (13): 1-84 Qianhuazigou in Liaoning Province For coal-bearing strata. Qianjian Conglomerate () Geographic name Qianjian was Romanized as Gantszian by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 218, chart 47. First appeared in a manuscript by Cao Guoquan & Wang Shui Qianjian close to Gubeikou, Hebei Province For conglomerate Cretaceous. Qianjiang Formation ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 283. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Qianjiang in Laibin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For speleothem in Bala cave, for gray, grayish yellow and yellow clay, sands and stalagmite Holocene. Qianjiang Formation ( ) Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 207 Qianjiang in Hangzhou City A component formation of Zhejiang Group, for red conglomerate and clay beds Pleistocene Synonymous with Tsientang Conglomerate. Qianjiang Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing:

876

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geological Publishing House, 242. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Jianghan Bureau of Petroleum Management Qianjiang County, Hubei Province For grayish green, yellowish gray mudstone, gypsum rock and oil shale Eocene. Qiankuntougou Formation () No.2 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiawa Sheet Qiankuntougou in Aoji Township, Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For greywacke, dark

gray silty slate, siltstone, phyllitic slate and volcanic rocks, with interbeds of limestone Early Devonian. Qianligou Formation () Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuhai City Sheet Qianligou in Qianlishan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For a component formation within the Qianlishan Group Archean. Qianling Quartzite () Ma Xingyuan, 1957, Acta Geologica Sinica, 37(1): 11-32 Qianling in Zhongtiaoshan Mt., Shanxi Province For quartzite Palaeoproterozoic. Qianling Sandstone () Yin Hongfu, 1962, Acta Geologica Sinica, 42(2/3): 153-185, 289-306 Qianlingshan in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For grayish white medium-thick-bedded feldspathic quartzose sandstone Late Triassic. Qianlishan Group () Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuhai City Sheet Qianlishan in the north part of Helanshan Mountain, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Enclosed Chaganguole Formation, Qianligou Formation and Kabuqigai Formation Archean. Qianluzigou Group (%) Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Yu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (62), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Gansu Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 14. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Jiuquan Geology Team Qianluzigou in Jinta County, Gansu Province For sandy slate with interbeds of trachybasalt and tuffite Mesoproterozoic. Qianmazong Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi Sheet Qianmazong in Yuwan Township, Lanxian County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the Lanhe Group, for quartzite with interbeds of metamorphic conglomerate and phyllite Palaeoproterozoic.

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Qianmen Formation () Beijing Formation Compiling Group for Beijing Regional Stratigraphic Scale,

1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Beijing Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qianmen Gate, Beijing Municipality Dealing with the original Beijing Formation, for gray, grayish brown, grayish green sandy mudstone, siltstone, and breccia-bearing tuffite, with interbeds of black shale, grayish green greywacke or basalt Eocene-Oligocene. Qianshihuiyaozi Formation () Matsushita S, 1930, Report on Ryojun College of Engineering, 1 (1) Qianshihuiyaozi, 6 km northwest of Jinzhou, Liaoning Province For alternating beds of purple shale with interbeds of sandstone, limestone with interbeds of shale, purple shale and grayish green sandstone Carboniferous-Permian.

Qiantai Formation () The Compelling Group for Liaoning Digital Atlas, 1998, Explanatory Text of 1:500 000 Digital Geological Map of Liaoning Province Qiantai in Liaoning Province For amphibolites, quartzite, gneiss with interbeds of leptynite Archean.

Qiantang Formation () Quantang Formation (a slip of the pen, Zhang Zonghu, 1991) Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: Ocean Press, 528, table 16-7 Qiantang River, Zhejiang Province For gray, grayish blue, dark gray and grayish green clay Pleistocene Homonymous with Tsientang Conglomerate.

Qiantou Formation () Hu Jianxiong, Xu Jinkun, Dong Chaoxu, Chen Chenghua, 1991, Geology of Precambrian of Southwestern Zhejiang, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qiantou close to Tangyuan, Longquan County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with a com-

ponent formation within the Badu Group, for leptynite with interbeds of diorite Presinian.

Qianwanling Formation () Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kaiyuan Sheet Qianwanling close to Dadianzi, Liaoning Province For grayish green, grayish purple andesite Mid Jurassic.

Qianxi Group ( ) No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map:

Shanghaiguan Sheet, Qinhuangdao Sheet

Qianxi County, Hebei Province Dealing with the lower part of the original Dan-

tazi Group in Eastern Hebei Province, composed of Shangchuan Formation, Santunying Formation, Lamagou Formation and Paomachang Formation Archean.

878

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qianxia Diamictite () Qianxia Tillite Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory Text for 1:1 500 000 Scale of Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 21 Qianxia village, close to the estuary of Urumqi river, north foot of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish brown coarse-grained gravel beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Qianxia Formation. Qianxia Formation () Original Chirrgosstau Formation Tan Deyao, 1960, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Daxihe District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Qianxia village, close to the estuary of Urumqi river, north foot of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For silicalite Late Carboniferous Synonymous with Chirrgosstau Formation, Homonym : Qianxia Diamictite. Qianxian Formation () Wang Y Y, Teng C H, 1961. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Liu T S Qianxian County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of brown, grayish yellow clay and gray, brownish yellow sands and gravel beds Pleistocene.

Qianzhuangwang Formation () Wang Renmin, 1991, Acta Petrologica Sinica, (4) Qianzhuangwang in Shanxi Province For epicrustal rock Archean. Qiao’enbulake Group () Qiao’enbulake Formation Gao Zhenjia, 1977, Xinjiang Geology, (1): 23-40. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhang Tairong Qiao’enbulake, south of Suogedantawu Hill, Wushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green arkose, siltstone and conglomerate, composed of Xifangshan Formation, Dongqiao’enbulake Formation, Muyangtan Formation and Dongwu Formation Mesoproterozoic. Qiao’erjian Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tianzhen Sheet Qiao’erjian in Hebei Province Jurassic.

Qiao’ertianshan Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Qiao’ertianshan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region The same series of strata as Suonahu Formation Neocene. Qiaogeli Diamictite ( ) Qiaogeli Tillite Wu Xiangnong, 1994, in Cheng Yuqi ed., 1994, Concise Regional Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 191, table 3-5

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Qiaogeli Mt., Qinghai Province For diamictite Pleistocene.

Qiaogelifeng Gnesis ( ) K2 Mt. Gneiss Desio A, 1981, The Geology of the Upper Shaksgam Valley,

Kara Korum, Xnjiang (Sinkiang), Proceedings of the Symposium of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Beijing), Beijing: Science Press Qiaogeli Mt., Qinghai Province For gneiss Palaeoproterozoic. Qiaogou Member () Qiaogou Formation (Jin Chuntai, Ye Shaohua, He Yuanxiang, et al., 1978) Sou-

thwest Institute of Geological Sciences, 1978, Atlas of Palaeontology of Southwest China (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qiaogou close to Guanyinqiao, Qijiang County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of black calcareous shale, thin-bedded nodular limestone and limestone Early Silurian. Qiaoling Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lu’an Sheet, Yuexi Sheet Qiaoling in Taihu County, Anhui Province Dealing with the formation within the original Tapei Group, for gneiss with interbeds of leptynite Archean-Proterozoic.

Qiaoluokesayi Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by No.2 Xinjiang Geology Team Qiaoluokesayi in Qiemo County, south margin of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green conglomerate with interbeds of fine- to coarse-grained conglomerate and sandstone Late Triassic. Qiaomaishan Formation () Qiaomaishan Series Matsushita S, 1930, Report on Ryojun College of Engineering, 1(1) Qiaomaishan close to Weijia, Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For chert limestone, black banded limestone Early Ordovician.

Qiaoqi Formation () Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Xiaojin Sheet. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Western Sichuan Geology Team Qiaoqi in Sichuan Province Mid-Late Devonian. Qiaoshan Formation () Tang Wenquan, 1983, Mesozoic volcanic rock in Zhejiang, Regional Geology of China, (6): 15-29 Qiaoshan in Zhejiang Province For rhyolitic or andesitic lava tuffite, with interbeds of sedimentary rock Late Jurassic Qiaoshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

880

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qiaotouji Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hefei, Dingyuan Sheet Qiaotouji in Feidong County, Anhui Province Dealing with a component formation within the Feidong Group, for dark green schist, gneiss with interbeds of marble Palaeoproterozoic. Qiaotouzi Group () Qian Jiaqi, 1975, Geological Science and Technology, (5) Qiaotouzi in Gansu Province Palaeoproterozoic. Qiaoxian Formation ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhaung Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 213. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Lu Zhongqiu Qiaoxian in Shanglin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Early Triassic Qiaoxian Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Qiaoyuan Formation () Qiaoyuan Member Xi’an Institute of Coal Science, 1973, Geology and Exploration of Coal Field, (1). First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by No.205 Guangdong Coal Field Geology Team Qiaoyuan in Qujiang County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of purplish gray, dark gray, grayish black quartzose sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Early-Mid Jurassic. Qiaozhen Formation () Lai Caigen et al., 1982, Stratigraphy of China (5), The Ordovician of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 77 Qiaozhen close to Quanhekou, Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For slate and muddy limestone with interbeds of marble, silty slate with interbeds of tuffaceous and carbonaceous slate Early-Mid Ordovician New name: Gaoqiaozhen Formation.

Qiaqihai Formation (, ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bu’erjin Sheet, Jimunai Sheet Qiaqihai in Bu’erjin county, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green with interbeds of grayish brown, yellowish brown greywacke, siltstone with interbeds of siliceous finegrained sandstone Late Carboniferous. Qiasi Group () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 25. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by No.3 Eelement of Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Qiasi in Daicheng

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County, Sichuan Province Composed of Yiji Formation, Canduo Formation, Yazigou Formation, Zangka Formation, Erzuiqiang Formation, Gaidongshan Formation, Panzhangting Formation and Lixuewei Formation Sinian(?). Qiate Formation ( ) Xiao Bing, 1990, in No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team ed., 1990,

Summary of Xinjiang Stratigraphy (2), Palaeozoic of Xijiang, Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Ma Shipeng Qiate close to Kandilike village, Shache County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purple, gray conglomerate and sandstone, with interbeds of dolomite Early Ordovician. Qibainong Formation ( ) Xu Shouyong, Lin Jiaxing, 1979, Advances of stratigraphic study in Central China, Carboniferous, Yichang Institute of Geology Qibainong in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous.

Qibaoshan Formation ( ) Qibaoshan Member Chu Baosen, 1988, Discussion of the Dongwu movement in the light of the diachronism of Loping Formation, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1988(2): 146-153 Qibaoshan in Shanggao County, Jiangxi Province For silicalite, siliceous limestone, with interbeds of siliceous shale, dolomite, knotty limestone, calcareous mudstone and sandstone Late Permian.

Qidong Formation (-) Wu Biaoyun, Li Congxian, 1987, Quaternary Geology of Changjiang Delta, Beijing: China Ocean Press Qidong County, Jiangsu Province For grayish green,

grayish brown clay with interbeds of fine-grained sands and gravel-bearing mediumgrained sands Pleistocene. Qiedao Group () Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Qiedao in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Palaeoproterozoic Qiedao Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostrati-

graphic meaning. Qie’ermagou Formation () Qie’erma Formation (Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979–1999), 2000, 250, table 12-4); Qie’erma Member (Regional Geology of Qinghai Province, 1991) Com-

piling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qie’erma valley in Zhihema Township, Tianjun County, Qinghai Province Dealing with a component formation within the Junzihe Group, for grayish green siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of clastic limestone Mid Triassic.

882

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qiekedaban Diamictite () Qiekedaban Tillite Chen Huahui ed. 1994, Explanatory Text for 1:1 500 000 Scale of Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 14, 21, table 2 Qiekedaban in Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray boulder Pleistocene. Qielihu Formation ( ) Wang Mingzhou, Cheng Liren, 1980, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, (3) Qielihu lake in Tibet Autonomous Region Jurassic. Qifangcun Formation ( ) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuancheng Sheet Qifangcun village in Guangde County, Anhui Province For dark purple conglomerate, rudite and sandstone Late Cretaceous. Qigebulake Formation ( ) Gao Zhenjia, 1977, Xinjiang Geology, (1): 23-40. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Zhang Tairong & Qiao Xindong Qigebulake close to Shayilike, Akesu City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone, muddy limestone, dolomite with interbeds of sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Sinian.

Qigong Formation (.) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangrao Sheet Qigong Town in Yiyang County, Jiangxi Province For ophiolite melange Sinian. Qigu Formation ( ) Li Yongjun, 1988, Bulletin of Xi’an College of Geology, 10(3) Qigu located the top of Zhayu river, at the upper reaches of Dongla valley, Dangchang County, Gansu Province For limestone with interbeds of calcareous slate Late Devonian. Qigu Formation (/) Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press Qigu village, west of Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red mudstone and sandstone with interbeds of green mudstone Late Jurassic. Qiha Formation (/) Tao Minghua, Zhu Yuheng, Zheng Guoguang, Zou Weihong, Li Yanxia, 2000, Jurassic Stratigraphic Sequence of Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, in Editorial Committee of the Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China ed., 2000, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 203-207 Qiha station on the railway from Jining to Erlian, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray, grayish purple,

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883

grayish green and yellow mudstone with interbeds of silty mudstone, with alternating beds of red mudstone and green sandstone and rudite in the base Mid Jurassic. Qihulin Formation ( ) i.e. Qihulinhe Formation. Qihulinhe Formation ( ) Qihulin Formation Team of Mesozoic Coal-bearing Stratigraphic Research of

Eastern Heilongjiang Province, 1986, in Research on the Longzhaogou Group and Its Correlation with the Jixi Group in Eastern Heilongjiang Province, Harbin: Heilongjiang Science and Technology Press Qihulin river in Yonghong Township, Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province A component formation of Longzhaogou Group, for siltstone with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone Mid Jurassic. Qijia Formation ( ) No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingquan Sheet Qijia in Chengde County, Hebei Province For amphibolites, diopside with interbeds of marble Archean. Qijia Member (/) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 209 Qijia close to Zhangjiaping, Leiyang County, Hunan Province Dealing with a component member within the Zhangjiaping Formation, for alternating beds of gray, yellow marl and shale Early Triassic. Qijiachuan Formation (0) Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 208. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Huang Youyuan Qijiachuan in Xining Basin, Qinghai Province For gray, yellowish green mudstone with interbeds of sandstone and marl or gypsum Paleocene. Qijiagou Formation (0) Qijiagou Limestone Wang Hengsheng, 1954, Proceedings of Xi’an Branch of Geological Society of China, (2): 35-52 Qijiagou, 20 km southeast of Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For marine clastic rocks, carbonate rocks,

volcanic clastic rocks, tuffaceous clastic rocks with interbeds of volcanic lava ( included the so called Ao’ertu Formation) Late Carboniferous. Qijiahe Formation (.) Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Hunan, (2) Qijiahe in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province For purplish red conglomerate, sandstone, muddy siltstone and silty mudstone Early Cretaceous.

884

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qijiaji Formation (1) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of An-

hui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 197. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Qijiaji village in Congyang County, Anhui Province For brownish red myrmekitic muddy gravel, clay Pleistocene. Qijianfang Subformation ( ) Lin Yingti, Wu Shizhong, Xu Shouyong, 1984, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, (2) Qijianfang in Jilin Province Carboniferous.

Qijiang Member ( ) Qijiang Iron Mineral Beds Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Conti-

nental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 142. First appeared in a 1942 manuscript by Ding Yi & Guan Shicong Qijiang County, Sichuan Province For hematite, ferruginous sandstone Early Jurassic. Qijiaojing Formation ( ) Geographic name Qijiaojing was Romanized as Tsitsziaotszin by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 67, chart 14. First appeared in a manuscript by Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Qijiaojing close to Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For feldspar-quartz hornfels, slate, limestone and tuffite Mid-Late Devonian. Qijiaoshan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 71 Qijiaoshan close to Dengjiawan, Huangpi County, Hubei Province For the carbonaceous schist in the mid part of the Hong’an Group Mesoproterozoic. Qika Formation ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Qika in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early-Mid Ordovician.

Qiketai Formation ( ) Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Xia Gongjun Qiketai, southwest of Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For

yellowish green quartzose sandstone, green mudstone and muddy shale with interbeds of siltstone Mid Jurassic.

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Qikou Formation () Compiling Group for Hebei Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qikou village in Huanghua County, Hebei Province For brownish yellow, grayish yellow to gray clay with interbeds of thin-bedded silt and peat beds Holocene. Qilang Formation (,) Qiao Xindong, Zhang Tairong, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bashi Sheet Qilang close to Ying’an village, Keping County, 66 km southwest of Akesu City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of purplish red thin-bedded and knotty limestone, grayish green calcareous, silty shale and siltstone Mid Ordovician. Qilianshan Group (0 ) Qilianshan Series Sun C C, 1942, Geological Review, 7(1-3): 15 Qilianshan in Gansu Province For dark green greywacke, gray phyllite and crystalline limestone Early Palaeozoic.

Qiligashan Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 105. First appeared in a manuscript by Qu Guansheng Qiligashan in Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province For yellowish brown quatz-andesitic tuffite, lava, purple slate and siltstone Late Devonian. Qilinhe Formation ( ) Qilinganhe Formation Zhang Hairi, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale

Geological Map: Handaqi Sheet. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.109 Team of Heilongjiang Coal Field Corporation Qilinhe (or Qilinganhe) in Taipingchuan Coal Field, Buteha Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For conglomerate, rudite and sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone and thin coal seams Mid Jurassic. Qilinshan Formation () Qilinshan Beds Zhao Jinke, Chen Chuzhen, Liang Xiluo, 1962, The Triassic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 54. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Qilinshan in Hongshandian Coal Field, Shuangfeng County, Hunan Province For sandy shale, siltstone, limestone, with interbeds of marls Early Triassic. Qilixia Member ( ) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.9],

886

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 184. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by Qu Guansheng who worked in No.706 Guangdong Geology Team Qilixia close to Dawan, Yingde County, Guangdong Province For coal-bearing strata Late Triassic. Qimala Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Qimala in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Triassic Synonymous with Derirong Formation.

Qimanongba Group (2) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yadong Sheet Qimanongba in Qilinhu District, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red sandstone, mudstone with interbeds of conglomerate Paleocene Qimanongba Group is the form of lithos-

tratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Qimantage Group (0) Wang Daxing, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ayakemuhu Sheet Qimantage in Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, grayish green sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone, volcanic rock, slate with interbeds of limestone Ordovician.

Qimugen Formation (/9 ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Geological Management Qimugen located at the front of Kunlun Mountain, Aketao County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the Kashi Group, for red mudstone with interbeds of gypsum and green mudstone with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone Paleocene. Qincanggou Formation ( ) Yan Zhubin, 1985, Geological Review, 31(2): 101-110. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.6 Shaanxi Geology Team, Integrative Mineral Resources Survey Team of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Qincanggou in Minor Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province For a component formation within the Taihua Group Archean.

Qinchuan Group () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

1982, Tables of Stratigraphic Correlation of Various Periods of China, Beijing: Science Press, 296 Qinchuan (i.e. Weihe River Basin), Shaanxi province For sands and mud sediments Pleistocene A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification.

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Qingciyao Member (

) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 214 Qingciyao close to Yungang, Datong City, Shanxi province For a component member within local Yunkang Formation Mid Jurassic. Qingdu Group ( ) Wu Yimin, 1983, Tertiary System of Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qingdu in Tibet Autonomous Region Neocene. Qingfengshan Formation ( ) No.2 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiawa Sheet Qingfengshan in Aiji Township, Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For parti-coloured quartzose sandstone with interbeds of slate and volcanic rocks Early Permian.

Qinggouzi Formation ( ) Xu Yongwen, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dunhua Sheet. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Changchun College of Geology Qinggouzi close to Badaojiang, Hunjiang City, Jilin Province For grayish black silty slate, grayish white sandstone with interbeds of phyllitic slate, sandy slate with interbeds of volcanic rocks Sinian. Qinggu Granite (  ) Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Documents of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 21 Qinggu close to Jiaka, Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For granite Mesozoic. Qinghe Group ( ) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 68 Qinghe close to Keketuomei, eastern Altay Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For black, dark gray schist, gneiss and leptynite Early-Mid Ordovician. Qinghegou Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Gansu Regional Geomechanics Survey Team Qinghegou in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a component formation within the lower part of the Que’ershan Group Early Devonian.

888

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qinghua Formation ( ) Ma Changxin, Liu Ronggui, Lu Guide, et al., 1992, Presinian Geology of Northeastern Jiangxi, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qinghua in Wuning County, Jiangxi Province Palaeoproterozoic. Qingjiang Group ( ) Wang Xiuzhang, 1959, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1959(2): 56-57 Qingjiang close to Nadanhada Mountain, eastern Heilongjiang Province For gray, grayish green tuffite with interbeds of shale and diabase Late Triassic Homonym: Qingjiang Member. Qingjiang Member ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 296. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Jiangxi Petroleum Geology Team Qingjiang Basin in Yanghu Township, Qingjiang County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with a component member of Xinyu Formation, for dark gray, grayish black mudstone with interbeds of siltstone, marls, calc-mirabilite, anhydrite and salt Paleocene-Eocene Homonymous with Qingjiang Group. Qingkeng Formation ( ) Hu Jianxiong, Xu Jinkun, et al., 1991, Precambrian Geology of Southwestern Zhejiang, in Precambrian Geology, (5), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qingkeng in southwestern Zhejiang Province For schist with interbeds of magnetitequartzite, diopside rock, with amphibolites in the base Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Chingkeng Formation. Qingkengcun Formation ( ) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 136. First appeared in a manuscript by Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team Qingkengcun village in Huilai County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of quartzose sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Jurassic. Qinglong Formation ( ) Zhang Zuqi, 1985, Bulletin of Beijing College of Mining Industry, (1) Qinglong County, Guizhou Province For a type of marine clastic rock with interbeds of carbonate rock Early Permian Qinglong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Qinglongchang Formation ( ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Re-

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889

sources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 287 Qinglongchang in Rongjing County For gravel beds Pliocene. Qinglongcun Group ( ) Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qinglongcun close to Changren, Toudao Township, Helong County, Jilin Province For deep metamorphic rock, composed of Xibao’an Formation and Huangyingtun Formation Cambrian-Ordovician. Qinglonghe Group ( ) Bai Jin et al., 1984, in Sun Dazhong ed. 1984, Geology of Early Precambrian of Eastern Hebei, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press Qinglonghe, northwest of Shuangshanzi, Qinglong County, Hebei Province Composed of Changchiakou Formation and Boluotai Formation Palaeoproterozoic. Qinglongshan Formation ( ) Wang Kenan, 1963, Stratigraphy and Tectonics of Presinian in Dongchuan, Yunnan, in Proceedings of Yunnan Branch of Geological Society of China, (Regional Geology, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology) Qinglongshan in Dongchuan County, Yunnan Province For black thick-bedded massive dolomite with interbeds of siliceous nodule bands Mesoproterozoic Homonym: Qinglongshan Member. Qinglongshan Member ( ) No.325 Anhui Geology Team, 1974, Geological Science and Technology, (6) Qinglongshan in Xiaoxian County, northern Anhui Province For the dolomitic limestone and limestone within the Xiaoxian Formation Early Ordovician Synonymous with Machiakou Limestone; Homonymous with Qinglongshan Formation. Qinglongtun Formation ( ) Liu Diansheng, 1993, in Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 133 Qinglongtun in Yanshou County, Heilongjiang Province For andesitic tuffaceous lava, yellowish green tuffaceous breccia and andesite, with interbeds of tuffaceous slate and sandstone, and with tuffite lava and basalt in the upper part Early Permian. Qingmen Formation () Yun Ya, 1978. Classification and Correlation of Devonian of Eastern Yunnan, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 163. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Guizhou Command of PetroleumQingmen in Zhaotong County, Yunnan Province For quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of dolomite, marls and calcareous mudstone Mid Devonian.

890

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qingnidong Formation (  ) Qingnidong Group Dongdeyuan, Mu Xinan, Sun Dongli, Chen Xu, Lin Yaokun, 1979, Lower Ordovician strata in the vicinity of Qunyido, Jomda of Eastern Tibet, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(3): 230 Qinglongdong in Jomda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray quartzose sandstone with interbeds of black slate, with alternating beds of limestone, slate and sandstone, and with slate and quartzose sandstone Early Ordovician Qingnidong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Qingpu Formation ( ) Shanghai Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Shanghai Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.16], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 133. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Shanghai Hydrological Geology Team Qingpu County, Shanghai Municipality For silt with interbeds of brown clay, sandy clay with interbeds of yellow sands Holocene. Qingshan Beds ( ) Fang Hongqi, 1961, Acta Geologica Sinica, 41(3-4) Qingshan in Hubei Province Quaternary Homonym: Qingshan Formation (1), (2).

Qingshan Formation (1) (  1) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dali Sheet Qingshan in Eryauan County, Yunnan Province For dark gray limestone with interbeds of breccia limestone Early Devonian Homonymous with Qingshan Beds. Qingshan Formation (2) (  2) Ge Meiyu, Zheng Zhaochang, Li Yuzhen, 1990, Ordovician and Silurian Graptolite Strata and Graptolite Fauna of Ningxia and Its Vicinity, Nanjing: Nanking University Press. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Du Demin Qingshan in Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For limestone with interbeds of slate, and with sandstone in the base Early Ordovician Homonymous with Qingshan Beds. Qingshanbei Shale ( ) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-654 Qingshanbei village, southeast of Xiaoshi, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For shale Late Carboniferous. Qingshangang Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Minral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Beijing

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891

College of Geology Qingshangang in Wudang District, Hubei Province For a component formation within the Wudang Group Proterozoic. Qingshankou Formation ( ) Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by No.2 Petroleum Geological Survey Team of Ministry of Geology Qingshankou, north of Songhuajiang River, 70 km northeast of Nong’an County, Jilin Province For black, green sandy mudstone Early Cretaceous. Qingshantou Formation ( ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Palaeontological Atlas of Jilin, China, Changchun: Jilin Science and Technology Press, 42 Qingshantou close to Qianguo, Jilin Province For loess like clay and sandy clay Pleistocene. Qingshi Formation ( ) Qingshi Group Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yadong Sheet Qingshi in Qilinhu Lake Area, Tibet Autonomous Region Neocene Qingshi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Qingshicun Formation ( ) North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, 136 Qingshicun in Wutai Mountain District, Shanxi Province For grayish green, light blue sandy slate with interbeds of quartzite and marble Proterozoic. Qingshila Formation ( ) Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 225. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team Qingshila village in Fengning County, Hebei Province For coal-bearing clastic rock Early Cretaceous. Qingshipo Formation ( ) Qinghai Integrative Geology Research Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xining Sheet Qingshipo in Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province For silty slate with interbeds of metamorphic siltstone Mesoproterozoic. Qingshiya Formation ( ) Du Dinghan et al., 1986, Research on the Devonian System of the QinlingDabashan Mountains District, Shaanxi, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Qingshiya close to Xiaohekou, Shanyang County, Shaanxi province For fine-grained clastic rocks, clay stone with interbeds of carbonate rocks Mid Devonian.

892

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qingshui Formation ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Qingshui in Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province For purplish red sandy mudstone, light blue, gray and white sands Early-Mid Silurian Homonymous with Chingshui Formation. Qingshuigou Formation (1) (  1) Zhou Weijun, 1983, Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1(4). First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Gansu Corporation of Metallurgical Geology Qingshuigou, 5 km southwest of Huangzhu Township, Chengxian County, Gansu Province For dark

gray, black siliceous slate, silicalite, white thick-bedded marble with interbeds of dolomite Mid Devonian Homonym: Qingshuigou Formation (2). Qingshuigou Formation (2) (  2) Jin Suhua, 1985, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qingshuigou close to Jinji village, northeast of Banqiao Town, Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For carbonate rocks Early Carboniferous Homonymous with Qingshuigou Formation (1).

Qingshuihe Formation (1) (  1) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Wang Aimin Qingshuihe in Shawan County, XinjiangUygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the tug like group, for alternating beds of grayish green, yellowish green mudstone, sandy mudstone and sandstone Early Cretaceous Homonym: Qingshuihe Formation (2). Qingshuihe Formation (2) (  2) Li Tianbin, 1997, Regional Geology of China, 16(3) Qingshuihe close to Majiahewan, Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For II terrace Holocene Qingshuihe Formation (2) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-

lithostratigraphic meaning; Homonymous with Qinghuihe Formation (1). Qingshuijiang Formation (  ) Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text (1) for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhenyuan Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Survey Group of Precambrian of Xiang-Qian-Gui Qingshuijiang in Jinping County, Guizhou Province For metamorphic tuffite, sandstone and slate Presinian.

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Qingtan Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Peking University Qingtan in Suixian County, Hubei Province For light metamorphic rock formation in the local Yingshan Group Proterozoic. Qingtianpu Formation ( ) No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yanyuan Sheet Qingtianpu close to Xiaogaoshan, Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province For yellowish green, purplish red boulder, rudite, tuffaceous sandstone with interbeds of mudstone Early Permian.

Qingtinggang Formation () Hou Youtang, Song Zhishen, He Junde, et al., 1982, About the Classification and Correlation of Cenozoic Strata of China, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ed., 1982, Stratigraphical Tables of Correlation and Explanatory Text of Various Periods of China, Beijing: Science Press, 299, table 16 Qingtinggang in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province For dark vesicular olivine-basalt, with interbeds of light gray, grayish green mudstone and fine-grained sandstone Pliocene Qingtinggang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Qingtongyang Formation ( ) Chen Junren, Yang Dayuan, 1989, Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 9(1): 75-84 Qingtongyang in Xuwen County, Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong Province For black diatomite and clayey diatomite Pleistocene. Qingxiangping Formation ( ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 298 Qingxiangping in Panzhihua, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of light purple silty mudstone and yellow sandstone Pleistocene. Qingyanggou Formation ( ) Zhang Lizhu, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shalanzhan Sheet Qingyanggou in Heilongjiang Province Neoproterozoic. Qingyanggou Formation ( ) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet Qingyanggou close to Longhushan in Luojiacha Township, Loufan County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the formation

894

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

within the base of the Luliang Group, for schist Palaeoproterozoic Qingyanggou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Qingyanggou Formation ( ) Henan Institute of Geology & Beijing No.3 Institute, 1979, Henan Geology, (1) Qingyanggou in Junshao District, Henan Province For a component formation within the Dengfeng Group Archean.

Qingyangmugou Formation ( ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1992, Palaeontological Atlas of Jilin China, Changchun: Jilin Science and Technology Press, 40 Qingyangmugou in Jilin Province For basalt Miocene-Pliocene Homonymous with Junjianshan Basalt.

Qingyangpo Formation ( ) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaojin Sheet Qingyangpo in Sichuan Province Late Triassic Qingyangpo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with bios-

tratigraphic meaning. Qingyangshu Sandstone ( ) Li Jingang, 1959, Geological Review, 19(2): 96-99 Qingyangshu in southeastern Shanxi Province For sandstone Carboniferous or Permian.

Qingyangshuwan Formation ( ) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet Qingyangshuwan at the south slope of Yejishan, Lanxian County, Shanxi province Dealing with a formation within the base of Yejishan Group, for quartzose sandstone with interbeds of phyllite Palaeo-

proterozoic. Qingyuan Group ( ) Shao Jinbo, He Chisong, 1980, Discussion on Establishment of the Qingyuan

Group and Its Geological Significance, in Contribution to Liaoning Institute of Metallurgical Geology and Exploration Co. Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province Dealing with a subgroup of the Anshan Group, composed of Jingjiagou Formation, Shipengzi Formation and Tongshicun Formation Archean. Qinjia Formation () Wu Yi, Yan Chengxian, 1980, Lower and Middle Devonian in Qinjia of Debao County, Guangxi, Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(3): 201-208 Qinjia, 40 km southwest of Debao County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For dark gray muddy dolomite, dolomitic limestone with interbeds of siliceous bands Early Devonian Qinjia Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic

meaning.

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895

Qinjiazhai Formation () Zhang Zonghu, Zhang Zhiyi, Wang Yunsheng, 1987, Acta Geologica Sinica, 61(4): 369 Qinjiazhai at the upper reaches of Heimugou, Luochuan County, Shaanxi Province For brownish red, brownish yellow loess Pleistocene.

Qinqigou Formation (1) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 257 Qinqigou close to Shenjiahe, Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For light yellow and grayish yellow loess beds Holocene. Qinshan Formation () Zheng Guangying, 1989,Correlation of Typical Strata of Quaternary of South Huanghai Sea, Beijing: Science Press Qinshan Island in Haizhou Bay, 260 km northwest of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province For alternating beds of light gray, yellowish gray rudite and silty clay Pleistocene.

Qinyingshan Formation () Li Jianghai, Wang Guoping, Zheng Tieying, Liang Shijing, 1994, New lithostrati-

graphic units established in Fujian Province, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no. 4 (serial no.51), 325-347 Qinyingshan, 3.5 km southeast of Dongshan County, Fujian Province For leptynite and schist Predevonian. Qinyu Formation () Yin Hongfu, Yang Fengqing, 1992, Triassic System of Qinling and Its Adjacent Area, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Qinyu in Gansu Province For a formation with the lower part of the Longwuhe Group Mid Triassic.

Qinza Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 39. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Southeastern Sichuan Geology Team Qinza in Youyang County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component formation within the local Panhsi Group, for metamorphic tuffite, arkose and slate Neoproterozoic. Qinzhou Formation ( ) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qinzhou Sheet Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For black, grayish black thin-bedded mudstone, light gray thinbedded siltstone, fine-grained sandstone and silicalite Early Devonian.

896

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qiongcuo Formation () N. 3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Derong Sheet Qiongcuo close to Zhongzan, Batang County, Sichuan Province For dark gray crystalline limestone EarlyMid Devonian. Qionggelajunshan Formation () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 144 Qionggelajunshan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish purple conglomerate, gravelbearing sandstone, tuffaceous fine-grained sandstone, tuffaceous breccia, andesite and agglomerate Early Carboniferous. Qiongguo Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yadong Sheet Qiongguo in Zhongba County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of dark gray, grayish black limestone, marl, slate and shale Early-Mid Triassic.

Qionghai Basalt ( ) Qionghai Volcanic Beds Sun Jianzhong, Zhao Jingbo, et al., 1991, Quaternary of Loess Highland, Beijing: Science Press Qionghai County, Hainan Province For basalt Pleistocene. Qiongjiagang Diamictite () Qiongjiagang Tillite Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 253. First appeared in a manuscript by Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Qiongjiagang in the north slope of the Mt. Cho Oyo, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene. Qiongku’erkapugou Formation () Qiongku’erkapugou Sand and Mud Beds Wang Wenxian, 1986, A study on the development history of the Quaternary deposits of the Lop-nur lake and its adjacent area, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 75-86 Qiongku’erkapu valley, 30 km southeast of Milan ruins, east of Milan river, between Ruoqiang County and Hongliu, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish brown or white finegrained sandstone, sands and mudstone Pleistocene. Qiongkushitai Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mohe’er Sheet Qiongkushitai in Xinjiang Uygur Au-

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897

tonomous Region Late Silurian. Qiongri Formation ( ) Han Tonglin, 1983, On Shading Slate Series, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qiongri in Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region Late Cretaceous. Qiongshan Formation () Zhang Zhongying, Liu Ruihua, Hang Zhongyuan, 1987, Tropical Geography, 7(1) Qiongshan County, Hainan Province For grayish yellow, gray clay and fine-grained sands, sand and fine-grained gravel Holocene.

Qiongyi Formation () Li Zongfan, 1994, The Establishment of the Carboniferous Qiongyi Formation in the Muli Area, Sichuan Province, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 363-365 Qiongyi Township, Muli County, Sichuan Province For light metamorphic carbonate rock, mudstone, silicalite and clastic rock Early Carboniferous. Qipan Formation (3) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qipan River in Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of quartzose sandstone with interbeds of purple conglomerate, grayish green sandy mudstone, calcareous shale and mudstone, calcareous sandstone, black shelly limestone and marls Early Permian Synonymous with Qiupandali Formation. Qipanjing Formation (3) Guan Shicong, Zhang Qize, 1958, Geological Working Report, ser.2, Mineral Survey and Exploration, (4), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-93 Qipanj-

ing, south end of Zhuozishan, Otog Banner, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish white quartzose sandstone and black carbonaceous shale Carboniferous. Qiping Formation ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 42. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Zhu Shengqing Qiping in Jiangxi Province Mid Cambrian Qiping Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Qiqiha’er Formation (//) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33],

898

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 24. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Wang Weiwen Qiqiha’er City, Heilongjiang Province Dealing with the underground strata, for gray clay, garish white fine-grained sand with interbeds of clay lenticles Pleistocene. Qiqusi Formation ( ) Sichuan Air Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Langzhong, Deyang, Santai Jianyang Qiqusi in Zitong County, Sichuan Province For lateritic red mudstone with interbeds of siltstone and sandstone Early Cretaceous. Qiranggou Formation (0) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangla Sheet Qiranggou in Hongxing Township, Songpan County, Sichuan Province For gray dolomitic limestone and dolomite Mid-Late Triassic. Qishan Formation (/) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang Sheet, Weifang Sheet, Youxi Sheet. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Cao Guoquan, Ai Xiansen & Zhang Chengji Qishan in Zhaoyuan City, Shandong Province For amphibolites and leptynite Archean. Qishan Formation (4) Yang Zunyi, Li Zishun, Qu Lifan, et al., 1982, Triassic System of China, Bei-

jing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.3 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Qishan County, Shaanxi Province For bluish gray, dark gray sandstone, siltstone and mudstone, with interbeds of marls and rudite Early Triassic. Qishan Formation (5) Ding Taoquan, 1988, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kangguertage Sheet Qishan in Hami County, Xinjiang Uyur Autonomous Region For gray thin-bedded muddy sandstone, calcareous sandstone, muddy siltstone, sandy limestone and marls with interbeds of tuffite and basalt Early Carbonifer-

ous. Qitadaban Formation (,) Qian Jiaqi et al., 1986, Gansu Geology, (4) Qitadaban in Subei Mongol Autonomous County, Gansu Province Dealing with the lowest formation within the local Gongcha Group, for purple, grayish-purplish red quartzite like sandstone, siltstone and grayish yellow and grayish green muddy slate Neoproterozoic. Qiuba Formation () Zheng Jiajian, Qiu Zhanxiang, 1979, in Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica ed., 1979, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds

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899

of South China, Beijing: Science Press Qiuba in Yangpoling, Luanchuan County, Henan Province For brownish red conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone with interbeds of clay stone lenticles Late Cretaceous. Qiucha Group () Yan Zhubin, 1985, Geological Review, 31(2): 101-110. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.6 Shaanxi Geology Team Qiucha close to Hanjiaping, 30 km southeast of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province For metamorphic volcanic rocks, composed of Hanjiaping Formation and Tietonggou Formation Palaeoproterozoic.

Qiudayitage Group () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 72 Qiudayitage in Keping District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dolomite, dolomitic limestone, limestone and marls, with siliceous bands Early Ordovician. Qiufang Group () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 308. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Qiufang in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province Paleocene A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Qiugongba Formation () Liang Dingyi, 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Qiugongba in Tibet Autonomous region Cambrian-Early Or-

dovician. Qiuguanzhuang Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ganyu Sheet Qiuguanzhuang in Junan County, Shandong Province For leptynite, leucogranulite with interbeds of schist Palaeprot-

erozoic. Qiuhuayu Gneiss ( ) Wang Qichao, Zhang Shaoqing, Qi Honglie, Ren Shuxiang, 1995, The protolithc-

haracter of metamorphic rocks and the genetic analysis of granite of Archean Eon in the eastern Hebei, Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources of North China, 10(1): 27-41 Qiuhuayu in Zunhua County, Hebei Province For gneiss, amphibolite, leptynite and quartzite Archean.

900

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qiujiahe Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guangyuan Sheet Qiujiahe close to Chenjiaba, Chaotian, Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For light metamorphic carbonaceous phyllite and slate, black siliceous limestone Mid Cambrian.

Qiujiashan Formation () Li Yongjun, 1990,The stratigraphic division of the Triassic in the Minjiang River valley in the western Qinling Mountain, Regional Geology of China, no.2 (serial no. 33), 126-131 Qiujiashan in Qinyu Township, Dangchang County, Gansu Province For dolomite and dolomitic limestone Mid Triassic. Qiujiatun Formation () Compiling Group for Liaoning Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Liaoning Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Liaoning Corporation of Coal Field Geological Exploration Qiujiatun close to Puhe, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province For purplish brown rudite, gravel-bearing sandstone and sandstone Neocene. Qiujidonggou Group () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 20. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Zhuang Qingxing et al. Qiujidonggou in Dulan County, Qinghai Province Dealing with the clastic rocks in the upper part of Binggou Formation (2), for metamorphic sandstone and slate Neoproterozoic. Qiulitake Group () Qiulitake Formation Zhang Ridong et al., 1959, Memoirs of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, (2): 1-43 Qiulitake close to Ying’an village, Keping County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone and dolomite Early

Ordovician. Qiumushan Formation () Yuan F L, Du H C, 1984, Cenozoic Biostratigraphy of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qiumushan in Jianchuan County, Yunnan Province For

brown siltstone with interbeds of gravel, blackish gray peat with interbeds of silt Holocene.

Qiuwu Formation () Qiuwu Coal Series Li Pu, 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Qiuwu, northwest of Xigaze, Tibet Autonomous Region For coal-bearing sandstone, shale, with conglomerate in the base Pliocene.

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901

Qiuzhuang Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bengbu Sheet Qiuzhuang in Wuhe County, Anhui Province For brownish red sandstone and mudstone Cretaceous. Qiwugongba Group (/) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Qiwugongba at the west side of Mapangyongcuo, south of Baga Area, Pulan County, Tibet Autonomous Region SinianCambrian. Qixia Basalt () Qixiaxian Formation (Changchun College of Geology, 1960) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 249 Qixia County, Shandong Province For basalt Tertiary Homonymous with Hsihsia Limestone; New name: Qixiaxian Basalt. Qixiaxian Basalt () Qixia Basalt Compiling Group for Shandong Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Shandong Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qixia County, Shandong Province For the basalt underlain by the Tangshanpeng Conglomerate Neocene To substitute the name of Qixia Basalt. Qixiling Formation ( ) Wei Xiuze, Xiao Chengxie, Chen Shenggao, Yu Tao, 1966, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(1): 65-76 Qixiling close to Xincheng, Ninggang County, Jiangxi Province For dark silicalite with interbeds of siliceous slate and carbonaceous shale Early Ordovician. Qixinghe Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 210. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Daqing Bureau of Petroleum Management Qixinghe, 300m south of Hongsheng Township, Fujin County, Heilongjiang Province For purplish red, grayish green mudstone, siltstone and conglomerate Late Cretaceous. Qiye Formation (/) Zhou Renliang, Ren Bingchen, 1995, Geological Condition and Type of Ashele Copper-Zinc Mineral Deposit, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Jiao Shengrui Qiye, east of Ashele village, Habahe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For tuffite, tuffaceous breccia, tuffaceous rudite and breccia lava Late Devonian.

902

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qiyuan Formation (0) Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangsu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.1], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 347. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.5 Jiangsu Geology Team Qiyuan in Jiangsu Province Pleistocene. Qiyunshan Formation (/) No.332 Geology Team, Anhui Bureau of Metallurgical Geology, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qimen Sheet Qiyunshan in Xiuning County, Anhui Province For purple, dark purple, purplish gray calcareous siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate Late Cretaceous.

Qizilafu Group ( ) i.e. Tisnab Formation. Qizui Formation (1) Qizui Beds Yang Zhongjian, 1955, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 3(1) Qizui

village located at the boundary between Wuhe County, Anhui Province and Sihong County, Jiangsu Province For clay Pleistocene. Qoltag Formation () Qoltag Series, geographic name Qoltag was Romanized as Tsziouelo-Tag or KiouloTog by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute

of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 60, chart 13. First appeared in a 1949 manuscript by He Mingyu Qoltag, southeast of Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For muddy shale and limestone Early Carboniferous. Qomolangma Group () Jolmo Lungma Group Ying Sze-huai, 1973, Magmatic, metamorphic and migmatic rocks of the Mount Jolmo Lungma region in southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1973(2): 103-132 Mount Qomolangma in Tibet Autonomous Region For the sum of the Youyiqiao Formation, Dingrenbuqiao Formation, Kangshanqiao Formation and Jiaquqiao Formation Precambrian Homonym: Jolmolungma Diamictite.

Qonj Group () Qonj Series Zhu Xia, 1957, Geological Knowledge, (6/7). First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by No.632 Geology Team of Ministry of Geology Qonj Hills, 70 km southeast of Da Qaidam Town, Qinghai Province Composed of Mahuang-

gou Formation, Kubaimu Formation, Shiyingliang Formation, Hongzaoshan Formation, Heitupo Formation, Hongtiegou Formation and Zhoujieshan Formation Sinian.

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Quandongshan Formation () Bai Yunshan et al., 1977, Xinjiang Geology, 17(3) Quandongshan, southeast of Hami County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the Kawabulake Group, for dark gray to white carbonate rocks Permian. Quanergou Formation () Yan Guoqiang, 1994, Journal of Stratigraphy,, 18(1): 30-38 Quanergou in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Mesoproterozoic. Quanhekou Formation () Lai Caigen et al., 1982, The Ordovician of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 77. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Xu Baoquan Quanhekou in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For slate with interbeds of siltstone and quartzose sandstone Early-Mid Ordovician. Quanshang Formation (1) ( 1) Chen Ting’en, 1984, Ordovician, in Integrated Scientific Expedition of QinghaiTibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Quangshang in Tibet Autonomous Region Ordovician Homonym: Quanshang Formation (2). Quanshang Formation (2) ( 2) Li Jianghai, Wang Guoping, Zheng Tieying, Liang Shijing, 1994, New lithostratigraphic units established in Fujian Province, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no. 4(serial no.51), 325-347 Quangshang in Ninghua County, Fujian Province For sandy mudstone, silicalite with interbeds of limestone Early Permian Homonymous with Quanshang Formation (1). Quanshuian Formation () Liao Shifan, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1): 65-72 Quanshuian in Lianhua County, Jiangxi Province For calcareous shale Early Carboniferous. Quanshuicun Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Helong County Sheet Quanshui village in Helong Town, Helong County, Jilin Province For volcanic rocks Early Cretaceous. Quantang Formation () i. e. A slip of the pen of Qiantang Formation. Quantang Formation () Cai Zuren, Huang Aizhen, 1992, in Zhang Zonghu ed., Contribution to the Geology of Southeastern Coast of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 89-94. First appeared in a manuscript by No.11 Zhejiang Geology Team Quantang in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province For sands, gravel and clay Pleistocene.

904

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Quanwan Group () Quanwan Volcanic Group Li Quanwei, 1997, Guangdong Geology, 12(2) Quanwan in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For tuffite and tuffaceous clastic rocks Late Jurassic.

Quanyagou Formation () Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press,

31. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Qinghai Bureau of Petroleum Management Quanyagou in Manya Town, western Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For red sandstone, siltstone and sand-bearing conglomerate Late Cretaceous. Quanzihe Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Petroleum Geology Survey Team of Ministry of Geology Quanzihe in Jingshan County, Hubei Province For grayish purple, light brown conglomerate and gravel-bearing sandstone Early Cretaceous. Quanzijie Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jimusa Sheet. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Tang Zukui Quanzijie in Jimusa County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, yellowish green conglomerate with interbeds of mudstone and siltstone Late Permian. Qubeiya Formation (

) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yadong Sheet Qubeiya, southeast of Cuojiangding, Qiongguo Township, Zhongba County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a part with cephalopodan fossil strata in Ngamring Formation Late Cretaceous Qubeiya Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Qubu Formation () Yin Jixiang, Guo Shizeng, 1976, On the discovery of the stratigraphy of Gondwana Facies in northern slope of the Mt. Qomolangma in Southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1976(4): 291-321 Qubu in Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For white quartzose sandstone with interbeds of shale Early Permian. Quburiga Formation ( ) Yin Jixiang, Guo Shizeng, 1976, On the discovery of the stratigraphy of Gondwana Facies in northern slope of the Mt. Qomolangma in Southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1976(4): 291-321 Quburiga in Western Hills of Qubu

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905

in Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For siltstone with interbeds of limestone and sandy shale Permian. Qudeng Formation () Qian Fang et al., 1982, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (4), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qudeng in southern foot of Nianqingtangkula Mt., Tibet Autonomous Region For a interglacial epoch deposits Pleistocene. Qudenggongba Formation () Rao Yongbiao et al., 1987, Triassic of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qudenggongba in Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the part belongs to Mid Triassic strata within the original Tulong Formation Mid Triassic Qudenggongba Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Qudi Formation () Liang Dingyi, Nei Zetong, Guo Tieying, Zhang Yizhi, Wang Weiping, 1982, Geological Review, 28(3): 245-246 Qudi, northwest of Jibian village, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For silty slate, quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of limestone, silicalite, gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone, with basic volcanic rocks occasionally Carboniferous-Permian. Quehala Group () Rao Rongbiao, Chen Jifan, Cen Yongming, Zou Dingbang, 1987, Triassic of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Quehala Mt., west of Yida, Dingqing County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the Late Triassic part within the original Shading Slate Series Late Triassic Quehala Group is the

form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Quemocuo Formation ( ) Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chibuzhangcuo Sheet Quemocuo in Tangkulashan Township, Golmud City, Qinghai Province For purple, grayish purple, gray conglom-

erate, gravel-bearing sandstone, quartzose sandstone, parti-coloured sandstone with interbeds of limestone Mid Jurassic Quesangwenquan Formation () Wang Naiwen, 1983, Acta Geologica Sinica, 57 (1) Quesangwenquan in Duilongdeqing County, Tibet Autonomous Region For conglomerate, rudite, sandstone, siltstone and calcareous shale Early Jurassic.. Quga Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Quga in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For clastic rocks with interbeds of limestone Early Permian.

906

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qugasi Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Qugasi close to Yaola, 4 km east of Yidun, Batang County, Sichuan Province For gray chert-bearing limestone

with interbeds of basalt; arkose with interbeds of slate; limestone with interbeds of slate Late Triassic. Qugezhuang Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Gaimi, Qingdao Lingshanwei Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by No.3 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Qugezhuang, north of Longwangzhuang Town, Laiyang County, Shandong Province A formation in the upper part of the Laiyang Group, for purplish gray, light gray sandstone, and rudite Early Cretaceous. Quguo Formation () Qugou Formation (Regional Geology of Qinghai Province, 216) Huang Baoren,

1984, Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Ostracodes from Gonghe Basin, Qinghai, Memoirs of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, (19): 1-32. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Petroleum Team of Ministry of Geology Quguo in Zhiduo County, Qinghai Province For purple, gray, white conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone with interbeds of mudstone PliocenePleistocene. Qujie Formation () Chen Junren, 1990, Quaternary Geology of Tianyang Volcanic Lake, Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Qujia in Xuwen County, Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong Province For brownish yellow

to black clay, with interbeds of fine-grained silt, with parti-coloured or brownish yellow clay, with basic conglomerate occasionally Holocene. Qulei Formation () Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 85 Qulei at the southern slope of Tangkula Mt., Tibet Autonomous Region For fluvial deposits Pliocene-Pleistocene.

Qumdo Formation ( ) Qumdo Series Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Documents of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey in Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 48 Qumdo Zong, Bomi District, Tibet Autonomous Region For black slate, quartzite and marble Late Palaeozoic. Qumdola Granite (  ) Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Qumdola Hills in Bomi District, Tibet Autonomous Region For granite Mesozoic.

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Qumenxiala Formation () Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Qumenxiala in Zhongba County, Tibet Autonomous Region Mid-Late Devonian. Qumile Formation () Wan Xiaoqiao et al., 2000, Jurassic Marine Strata of Nyalam Area, in Editorial Committee of the Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China ed., 2000, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 215-220 Qumile in Beishangou, Lanongla pass, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For parti-coloured sandstone with interbeds of dark gray shale Mid Jurassic. Qunli Formation ( ) Sun Jianzhong, 1977, Jilin Geology, (2) Qunli close to Guxiangtun, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province For new loess Pleistocene-Holocene.

Qunping Member ( ) Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157 Qunping, east of Chengtun village, Qinjia County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dealing with a member within the upper

part of the Debao Formation, for thick-bedded limestone with interbeds of dolomite lenticles Early Devonian. Quruq Tagh Group () Quruq Tagh Series, Kuruktagh Formation Norin E, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, 185 Quruq Tagh Mt., eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of light metamorphic Bayisi Formation, Tereeken Formation, Yukkengol Formation and Aitungol Formation Sinian. Quse Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Quse in Shuanghu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the gray, grayish black shale, mudstone and marls below the original Sewa Formation Jurassic Synonym: Zesong Formation.

Qushenla Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Qushenla in Mugagangri District, Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous. Qusong Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Qusong in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the local Mid-Late Jurassic limestone Mid-Late Jurassic Qusong Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Qusongbo Group () Han Tongxiang, Lunzhu Jiacuo, Li Cai, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology

of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Qinghai Petroleum Survey Team Qusongbo in Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the sum of Duoba Formation and Chuanba Formation, for gray coal-bearing clastic rocks with interbeds of mudstone, slate, shale and volcanic rocks Early Cretaceous Synonymous with Duoni Formation. Qusuoma Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Qusuoma in Tibet Autonomous Region Carboniferous Qusuoma Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with

non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Quxia Formation () Liu Chengjie, Yin Jixiang, Sun Xiaoxing, Sun Yiyin, 1988, Chihkan Inst. Geol. Acad. Sinica, (3), Beijing: Science Press, 130-157 Qixia valley, south of Cuo-

jiangding, Qiongguo Township, Zhongba County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the parti-coloured rudite, gray coarse-grained sandstone, purplish red mud gravel-bearing parti-coloured siltstone; alternating beds of parti-coloured sandstone, shale and gray fine-grained conglomerate; gray conglomerate with interbeds of coarse-grained sandstone Late Cretaceous. Quxia Limestone () Liang Dingyi, Wang, Weiping, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, (2): 226-236 Quxia in Lazi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a exotic block Early Permian.

Quxian Formation ( ) Zhen Jinsheng, Li Longtong, 1980, Petroleum Geology of Zhejiang, (2) Quxian County in Zhejiang Province For brown sandstone, siltstone, gravel-bearing sandstone rudite and conglomerate Late Cretaceous.

Quxiang Formation () Mao Yanshi, 1985, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (17), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Quxiang in Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For metamorphic strata composed mainly of coarse-grained gneiss Presinian.

Quxianong Formation (!) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dege Sheet Quxianong in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Triassic.

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Quzong Formation () Yin Jixiang, Guo Shizeng, 1976, Yin Jixiang, Guo Shizeng, 1976, On the discovery of the stratigraphy of Gondwana Facies in northern slope of the Qomolangma Feng in Southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1976(4): 291-321 Quzong in Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish green silty mudstone and shale with interbeds of sandstone Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Chutzung Formation.

R Ranba Formation (!) No.3 Yunnan Geology Team 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Ranba close to Raojin township, Zuogong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dolomite with interbeds of limestone and quartzose sandstone Late Devonian. Ran’equ Formation (!) No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Ran’equ close to Lawu Township, Zuogong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For parti-coloured sandstone, gray sandy mudstone, calcareous slate, dolomite with interbeds of purple mudstone and slate Silurian. Ranfangdi Formation (") No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Keshiketeng Banner Sheet Ranfangdi in Keshiketeng Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks with interbeds of sedimentary rocks Late Permian. Rangbujiaola Formation () Liang Dingyi, Zhang Yizhi, Nie Zetong, Xi Chengde, 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Rangbujiaola in Pulan County, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone and breccia limestone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone and slate Early Ordovician.

Ranjiawan Formation (#) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Weixi Sheet Ranjiawan close to Hutiaojian, Zhongdian County, Yunnan Province For grayish white quartzose sandstone, dark gray siltstone, with interbeds of feldspathic quartzose sandstone, and blackish gray slate with interbeds of limestone Early Devonian. Ranlang Formation (#) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet Ranlang close to Zongzan, 60 km southeast of Batang County, Sichuan Province For light gray limestone Late

Permian. Ranwu Group (!) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team & Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 1982, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Western Sichuan and Eastern Tibet Area, Chengdu: Sichuan People’s Publishing House Ranwu in Zuogong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of parti-coloured siltstone, sandstone and muddy siltstone; rhythmic beds of purplish red, grayish

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green conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone and siltstone Mid-Late Devonian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Ranwuka Formation (!) Zhu Zhanxiang, Liao Yuanan, et al., 1986, Regional Geological Survey of West Sichuan, (1) Ranwuka in Sichuan Province Early Triassic.

Ranxi Formation (! ) Li Zongfan, 1994, The establishment of the Silurian-Devonian Ranxi Forma-

tion in the vicinity of the Jinshajiang River, western Sichuan, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 360-362 Ranxi close to Shanyan, Baiyu County, Sichuan Province For light metamorphic clastic rock, muddy rock, volcanic rock, volcanic breccia and carbonate rocks Silurian-Early Devonian. Raochaguan Formation ($ ) Zhou Xiyun, Zhai Zhiqiang, Xian Siyuan, 1981, Oil & Gas Geology, 2(2): 123140 Raochaguan, west of Leijiatun, Shiqian County, northeastern Guizhou Province For yellowish green or blue mudstone and siltstone Early Silurian.

Raoheba Formation (%) Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 109 Raoheba close to Guixi, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province For grayish green quartzose sandstone, mudstone, with interbeds of white quartzose sandstone Early Devonian.

Rebu Phyllite (*) Rebu Phyllite Series Han Tonglin, 1983, On Shading Slate Series, in Contri-

bution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Rebu, north of Jilutong, Qusuo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For phyllite, phyllitic slate with interbeds of carbonaceous phyllitic slate and sandstone Early-Mid Triassic Synonymous with Shading Slate. Re’er Formation () Northwest Institute of Geology and No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey

Team, 1973, Explanatory Text of 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luqu Sheet River valley in Tiebu District, Ruo’ergai County, Sichuan Province For brown-

ish red, purplish red and grayish green conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and slate Early Devonian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Reganniang Formation (#) Reganniang Series Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Reganniang between Nujiang River and Lancangjiang River, Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone, quartzite and slate Mesozoic(?).

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Rejia Group () Yao Huazhou, 1994, Integrative Stratigraphic Research of Regional Survey of

Organic Belt: An Example from Triassic Study of Denglong-Rejia Area, West Sichuan, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 10-11 Rejia at the eastern bank of Jinshajiang River, Beiyu County, Sichuan Province For the sum of local Dusa Formation and Gamolong Formation Triassic. Rejuechaka Formation ( ) Wen Shixuan, 1979, New materials of biostratigraphy in the northern Qiangtang Plateau, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(2): 150-156 Rejuechaka, 10 km north of Shuanghu Office, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray silty shale and lime-

stone, gray, grayish brown and grayish black sandstone, shale with interbeds of coal seams Late Permian. Rekala Group () Guo Tieying, Liang Dingyi, et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Rekala close to Qusong, Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region Late Permian Rekala Group is the form of lithostrati-

graphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Relu Formation () Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000

Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Relu in Meiwa Township, Litang County, Sichuan Province For purplish red rudite, parti-coloured sandstone with interbeds of mudstone Eocene. Renhe Formation (&) Fu Lipu, Song Lisheng, 1985, Bulletin of Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (14) Renhe close to Quanhekou, Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For slate, muddy limestone with interbeds of marble, and silty slate with interbeds of tuffaceous or carbonaceous slate Early-Mid Ordovician.

Renhe Group () Li Fuhan, 1988, Presinian of Xikang and Yunnan Area, Chongqing: Chongqing Press Renhe in Sichuan Province Palaeoproterozoic.

Renjiagou Formation (&) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Fengxian Sheet. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Jiang Chunfa Renjiagou close to Liufengguan, Fengxian, Shaanxi province For alternating beds of gray calcareous siltstone, thin-bedded limestone, siliceous limestone and banded limestone Early Permian.

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Renjianao Formation (&) Wang Guanwu et al., 1979, Regional Geological Survey of Shanxi, (2) Renjianao in Yushe County, Shanxi Province For alternating beds of gravel beds, yellow, purple siltstone and purple sandy clay Pliocene. Renjiawan Formation (&) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Fengxian Sheet. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Jiang Chunfa Renjiawan between Neijiawan and Pibaxia, Liangdang County, Shaanxi Province For rhythmic beds of gray calcareous siltstone, slate, thinbedded limestone, silty limestone, banded limestone and conglomerate Early Triassic. Renjiazhuang Formation (&) Cheng Yuqi, Shen Qihan, Wang Zejiu, 1977, Bulletin of Institute of Geology

and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (3), serial no.12 Renjiazhuang close to Yanlingguan, Xintai County, Shandong Province Archean New name of the Taipingding Formation.

Renkedong Formation (& ) Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River

Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol. 1, Beijing: Science Press, 94-109 Renkedong in Jilin Province For tuffite, andesite with interbeds of sandstone, siliceous slate and limestone lenticle, and with breccia Late Carboniferous. Renmazhuang Shale () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 158 Renmazhuang in Xiangning County, Shaanxi Province For a shale member within the Shansi Formation Early Permian. Renxingshan Limestone () Liao Shifan, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1): 66 Renxingshan in Chaling County, Hunan Province For limestone Late Devonian. Renzhixueshan Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Deqin Sheet Renzhixueshan in Deqin County, Yunnan Province Late Triassic. Repulse Bay Formation (", )) Uglow W L, 1926, Geology and Mineral Resources of the Colony of Hong Kong, Preliminary Report, Hongkong Government, China Repulse (Niwan) Bay, south

914

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For volcanic ash sediments Cretaceous. Requka Group () Integrated Scientific Expedition of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Requka in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Permian Requka Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

Reshui Formation () No.132 Qinghai Coal Field Geology Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xining City, Qinghai Province Reshui in Qinghai Province Early Jurassic.

Reshuidong Formation ( ) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang

ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 143. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team Reshuidong in Haifeng County, Guangdong Province For rhyolite and volcanic clastic rocks Jurassic. Reshuitang Group () Hou Liwei, 1991, Triassic Sedimentation-Tectonic Development of Western Sichuan and Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Reshuitang in Sichuan Province For ophiolite Early-Mid Triassic Homonymous with Je-

chouei-tang Limestone. Rewei’er Formation () Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Rewei’er in Ngari, Tibet Autonomous Region Jurassic Synonymous with Yanshiping Group.

Rezha Formation () Li Fuhan, 1988, Presinian of Xikang and Yunnan Area, Chongqing: Chongqing Press Rezha in Sichuan Province Mesoproterozoic.

Ri’a Formation ( ) Lin Baoyu, 1982, in Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, 1982, New Knowledge of Pa-

leozoic Stratigraphy of the Himalaya Area, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 5(2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Ri’a valley, close to Xiala, Angjie Mt., 12 km east of Yongzhu Township, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a subdivision of Xiala Formation Early Permian Ri’a Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Ri’agou Formation ( ) Lin Baoyu 1989, in Lin Baoyu, Wang Naiwen, Wang Sien, 1989, Stratigraphy of Tibet and Evolution of Lithosphere of Himalaya, Geological Memoirs, ser.2, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-280 Ri’a valley, close to Xiala, Angjie Mt., 12 km east of Yongzhu Township, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a subdivision of the original Xiala Formation Ri’agou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Ri’ajue Formation ( ) Xu Hankui, Ni Yunan, Chen Ting’en, 1981, Silurian and Devonian of Xainza area, northern Tibet, Journal of Stratigraphy, 5(4): 316-320 Ri’ajue in Xainza Area, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the upper part of the Yuandaerdong Formation, for yellow, grayish black and black thin-bedded sand-bearing muddy marls, muddy limestone Early Devonian. Ri’ajue’abuduo Formation (  ) Lin Baoyu, 1989, in Lin Baoyu, Wang Naiwen, Wang Sien, 1989, Stratigraphy of

Tibet and Evolution of Lithosphere of Himalaya, Geological Memoirs, ser.2, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-280 Ri’ajue’abuduo in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a component subdivision of the upper part of the Xainza Formation Ordovician Ri’ajueabuduo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Ri’a’lu Formation ( ) Han Tonglin, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Ri’alu in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Jurassic. Ri’a’ze’nong Formation ( ) You Zaiping, 2000, The Sequence and Age of Kagong Group in Ziqu Drainage

of North Lancangjiang River, in Editorial Committee of the Proceeding of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China ed., 2000, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 394-396 Ri’azenong in Leiwuqi County, Tibet Autonomous Region A component formation of Kagong Group, for metamorphic basalt, with interbeds of slate and metamorphic sandstone, and with limestone in the top Early Carboniferous. Ridang Formation ( ) Wang Yigang, Sun Dongli, He Guoxiong, 1980, New advances in the stratigraphy of the Himalayas (China’s side), Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1): 55-59 Ridang in Longzi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish black shale and mudstone with interbeds of sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone and flint nodule Early Jurassic. Ridong Formation ( ) No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mangkang Sheet, Yanjing Sheet Ridong in Zayu County, Tibet Au-

916

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

tonomous Region Dealing with the Early Permian strata, for slate with interbeds of sandstone, limestone and volcanic rocks Early Permian Ri’dong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Ri’eda Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Ri’eda in Sichuan Province Early Triassic. Rigabo Formation ( ) Lin Baoyu, 1989, in Lin Baoyu, Wang Naiwen, Wang Sien, 1989, Stratigraphy of Tibet and Evolution of Lithosphere of Himalaya, Geological Memoirs, ser. 2, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-280 Rigabo in Tibet Autonomous Region Ordovician. Riganpeicuo Group ( 6) Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 149 Riganpeicuo, east of Senduo, Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of quartzose sandstone, shale and limestone, greenish gray sandy shale with interbeds of limestone, thickbedded limestone with interbeds of shale Late Triassic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Rigongla Formation ( ) Tibet Geology Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological

Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yadong Sheet [or Wu Yimin, 1983, Tertiary of Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House]. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.3 Tibet Geology Team Rigongla Mt., 60 km east of Namulin County, Tibet Autonomous Region For light red, grayish green mudstone, muddy siltstone with interbeds of thin-bedded mudstone; purplish red, dark purple andesitic breccia lava with interbeds of muddy siltstone Oligocene. Rikangba Formation ( ) Liang Dingyi et al., 1991, in Guo Tieting et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Rikangba, 162 km southeast of Ga’er County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with a set of strata composed of sandstone, conglomerate with interbeds of limestone, shale and volcanic rocks Eocene. Rilagou Formation ( ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1) Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing:

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Geological Publishing House, 220. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by Gu Xuda & Huang Shengbi Rilagou in Luhuo County, Sichuan Province A subdivision of the upper part of the Bocigou Formation, for gray with interbeds of purplish red, grayish green slate, crystalline limestone and metamorphic siltstone Early Triassic. Rimowa Formation (

) Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Research on Regional Geol-

ogy of Yangcuoyong lake, Southern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Rimowa close to Rongduo area, Lankazi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the upper formation within the Yulangbaijia Group in Yangcuoyong Area Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Rimowa Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with nonlithostratigraphic meaning. Rinaore Formation ( ) Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Sun Chongren ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (63), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Qinghai Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 161. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team Rinaore in Guide County, Qinghai Province For andesite, lava and marls Late Triassic Synonym: Galangsi Formation. Ripoqie Formation ( ) Han Tonglin, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Ripoque in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Cretaceous.

Risigong Formation ( ) Sichuan Air Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jilong Sheet Risigong in Sichuan Province Early Permian.

Risong Group ( ) Guo Tieting et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Risong in Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark

gray, grayish black, grayish green sandstone, mudstone with interbeds of siliceous limestone, also may include Dabo Formation and Magazangbu Formation Jurassic Homonymous with Mugagangri Group. Riwanchaka Formation ( ) Xie Yiben, 1983, Regional Geology of China, (4): 107-108. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Yao Zongfu & Chen Fuquan Riwanchaka in Chabu Area, 220 km north of Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For carbonate rocks and clastic rocks Carboniferous.

918

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Riyueshan Formation (1) (  1) Riyueshan Series Li C S, Chou T R, 1944, Notes on the Geographical Survey of Gansu and Qinghai, Geograpgy, 9(12) Riyueshan in Huangyuan County, Qinghai Province For yellow clayey sands and gravel Pleistocene Homonym: Riyueshan Formation (2). Riyueshan Formation (2) (  2) He Yuanliang, Zhang Shanzhen, 1984, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (14), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Yuan Zeping Riyueshan in Huangyuan County, Qinghai Province For gray, grayish white sandstone, rudite, conglomerate and carbonaceous shale Early Jurassic Homonymous with Riyueshan Formation (1). Rongbusi Diamictite (') Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 84 Rongbusi at the northern slope of Qolmolangma Mt., Tibet Autonomous Region For gravel and boulder Pleistocene. Ronggama Formation (') Yin Jixiang, Guo Shizeng, 1976, On the discovery of the stratigraphy of Gondwana Facies in northern slope of the Qolmolangma Feng in Southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1976(4): 291-321 Ronggama, 3.5 km south of Quzong, Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone with interbeds of banded sandstone Early Carboniferous. Rongjiang Formation (() No.5 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:350 000 Scale Geological Map of Guizhou Province Rongjiang in Dushan County, Guizhou Province For grayish white, bluish gray and gray limestone, marls, dolomite and dolomitic limestone Late Devonian. Rongjiga Formation ( ) Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, 1983, Silurian of Tibet, in Contribution to the Geol-

ogy of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15-28 Rongjiga, south of Yali, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray thin-bedded shale and siltstone Early Silurian.

Rongma Formation (') Li Cai, Zheng Anzhu, 1990, Tibet Geology, (1), serial no.4 Rongma in Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Tunlonggongba Formation. Rongwushu Formation () Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang District, Henan Province Rongwushu in Xichuan County, Henan Province For gray

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limestone with interbeds of dolomitic limestone, with black and rose flinted nodule Early Ordovician Synonym: Bailongmiao Formation. Rongxi Diamictite ()) Rongxi Till Member, Rongxi Tillite, Rongxi Formation Sichuan Integrative Ge-

ology Research Team, 1978, Summary of Stratigraphy of Sichuan (Sinian, Paleozoic and Triassic), Sichuan Bureau of Geology, 1-331. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.107 Sichuan Geology Team Rongxi in Xiushan County, Sichuan Province Dealing with the lower member of the Datangpo Formation, for grayish green diamictite Sinian Synonym: Tiesi’ao Formation; Homonym: Rongxi Formation. Rongxi Formation ()) Ge Zhizhou, Rong Jiayu, Yang Xuechang, et al., 1979, Silurian of Southwest-

ern District, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ed., 1979, Biostratigraphy in Carbonate Rock of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press, 155220. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Yang Xuanhe Rongxi in Xiushan County, Sichuan Province For purplish red, yellowish green mudstone and siltstone Early Silurian Synonym: Baisha Formation; Homonymous with Rongxi Diamictite. Rongxuesi Formation (') Yao Huazhou, 1994, Integrative Stratigraphic Research on Regional Survey of

Orogenic Belt: An Example from Triassic Study of Denglong-Rejia Area, West Sichuan, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 10-11 Rongxuesi in Baiyu County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a upper formation within the Jungba Group, for volcanic rock, clastic rock san limestone Late Triassic. Rongzhong Formation ( ) No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Rongzhong at the eastern bank of

Nujiang River, 6.5 km southeast of Raojin Township, Zuogong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For metamorphic basalt with interbeds of gravel-bearing sandy slate and exotic limestone Permian. Rotung Member (#) Rotung Volcanics Brown J Coggin, 1912, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol. 42, 231253 Luotong (Rotung) in Xi’en District, Tibet Autonomous Region A compo-

nent member of Abor Formation, for volcanic rocks. Rouqiecun Group (*) Mu Enzhi, Yin Jixiang, Wen Shixuan, Wang Yigang, Zhang Binggao, et al.,

1973, Stratigraphy of the Mount Qomolungma Region in Southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1973(1): 13-36 Rouqiecun village, north of Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For quartz schist and crystalline limestone

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Cambrian-Ordovician A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification.

Rudong Formation () Wu Yubiao, Li Congxian, 1987, Quaternary Geology of Changjiang Delta, Beijing: China Ocean Press Rudong County (Juegang), Jiangsu Province For gray or dark gray siliceous sands and clay Holocene. Ruicheng Group () Zhu Shixing, Chai Donghao, Huangfu Zemin, et al., 1975, On the Precambrian Geology and Stratigraphy of Zhongtiaoshan Mountain, Shanxi, in Proceedings of North China Conference of Precambrian Stratigraphy Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province Mesoproterozoic. Ruifang Group (+) Ho C S, 1975, Outline of Geology of Taiwan—Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan Ruifang Town, 37 km northeast of Taipei County, Taiwan Province For the sum of Shidi Formation (coal-bearing strata) and Nangang Formation (marine beds) Miocene. Ruiping Formation (+) Zhang Renjie, Meng Fansong, Zhang Zhendong, 1982, Triassic Stratigraphy of

Southern Hubei, Bulletin of Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (5) Ruiping in Yuanbaozui Township, Lichuan City, southwestern Hubei Province For a part of carbonate rocks of Early Triassic within the Tayeh Formation Early Triassic Ruiping Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Rumei Formation () No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mangkang sheet Rumei in Tibet Autonomous Region Jurassic. Runiange Formation (") Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Seda Sheet, Luhuo sheet Runiange close to Rila valley, Luhuo District, Sichuan Province For gray, purplish red calcareous breccia, biolimestone, grayish green and purplish red basalt with interbeds of metamorphic sandy slate and silicalite Late Triassic. Ruolagangri Group ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Ruolagangri, north of Gerze, Shuanghu Special Administrative Region, Tibet Autonomous Region For rhythmic beds of finegrained sandstone, siltstone, shale, conglomerate and limestone, with interbeds of silicalite and basalt Mid-Late Triassic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification.

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921

Ruqu Formation (, ) Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Ruqu close to Supu, Hongdong County, Shanxi Province For dark red to grayish red sandstone and gravel-bearing sandstone, conglomerate, yellowish green sandstone, calcareous sandstone and volcanic breccia Late Jurassic. Ruya Formation () Xiong Jianfei, Chen Longzhi, 1983, Conodont in Carboniferous of Guizhou, in Contribution to the Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Guizhou, (1), Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House Ruya, east of Niyanzhai, Sanglang, Wangmo County, Guizhou Province For limestone with interbeds of shale, dolomite and flint nodule Early Carboniferous. Ruyang Group () Jin Shouwen, 1976, Geological Information of Science and Technology of CentralSouth China, (1) Ruyang (original Yiyang) County, Henan Province For the sum of Yunmengshan Formation, Baicaoping Formation, Beidajian Formation, Cuizhuang Formation, Sanjiaotang Formation and Luoyukou Formation Mesoproterozoic Synonymous with the original Dashimen Quartzite. Ruyiting Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 267 Ruyiting in Gongxi Town, Le’an County, Jiangxi Province For clastic rocks with interbeds of tuffite and volcanic clastic rocks Late Jurassic. Ruzhouhe Formation () Xie Guisheng et al., 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet, Humazhen Sheet Ruzhouhe, west of Yiziquan, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For quartzose sandstone, gravel-bearing sandstone, siltstone and silty slate Early Devonian.

S Sa’a’erming Formation ( %) Shaermin Formation Deng Zihua et al., 1960, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Kaiduhe river valley Sheet Sa’a’erming in Hejing County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mid Devonian shale with interbeds of limestone lenticles Mid-Late Ordovician.

Sa’er Formation ( ) Yang Zengrong, 1985, Silurian of Southern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Sa’er in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Ordovician.

Sa’erbulake Formation ( ) Xiaoerbulake Formation No.13 Geology Team, Ministry of Geology, 1957, Ex-

planatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Keping, Wushi, Aheqi vicinity Sa’erbulake, southeast of You’ermeinake, Wushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For silicalite with interbeds of limestone Early Cambrian.

Sa’ergan Formation ( ) Sa’ergan Series Ma Kulin, Sha Ciji, 1957, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Akesu Area Sa’ergan close to Keping County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For black calcareous graptolites.

Safarbai Formation (-) Safarbai Limestone Krenkel E, 1913, Abh.d. k. bayer. Akad.d. Wiss., math.phys. Kl., bd. 26, abt., 1-44 Safarbai village, 68 km west of Wushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone Early Carboniferous.

Sahentuohai Formation ( ) Zhang Zhongxiu et al., 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Keketieke Sheet Sahentuohai in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous.

Sahkuotun Limestone ( ) Sun Y C, 1923, Upper Cambrian Fossils from Fengtien, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 2(1): 101-104 Shaguotun (Sahkuotun) close to Nanpiao, Jinxi County, 36 km west of Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Cambrian Homo-

nym: Shakuotun Speleothem. Saidulla Group () Mao Guohong et al., 1960, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geologi-

cal Map of Hetian-Yecheng-Pishan Counties, Akesu Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Saidulla in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Proterozoic.

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Sailajiazitage Group ( ) Zhang Liangcheng, 1958, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Keliyang Sheet Sailajiazitage in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Sailikedaban Formation (. ) Zhong Rui, Hao Yongxiang, 1990, Ordovician, Sinian-Permian Stratigraphy and

Paleontology of Tarim Basin (1), Quruktagh Fascicule, Nanjing: Nanking University Press Sailikedaban in Quruktagh, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the base part of the original Wuligezitage Group Mid-Late Ordovician Salikedaban Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Sailimu Formation () Xiang Liwen, Zhang Tairong, 1984, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 24(4): 398410Sailimu close to Guozigou, Huocheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the strata part with trilobita fossils of Tremadocian in the top of the original Guozigou Formation Early Ordovician Sailimu Formation is the form

of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Sailipu Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 100 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Sailipu in Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region Pliocene-Pleistocene.

Sailiyake Group ( ) No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Report on the Geology

and Mineral Resources of Aweitan Area in Kunlun Mt.–Karakunlun, Stratigraphy, 20-88 Sailiyakedaban in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For clastic rocks, carbonate rocks and volcanic rocks Permian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Saima Group () Liaoning Institute of Geology, 1963, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Shenyang Sheet (K-51) Saima in Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province For coal-bearing strata Mid Jurassic.

Sainaer Formation () i.e. Saina’ertage Formation. Saina’ertage Formation () Saina’ertage Series, Sainaer Formation Zhu Shuncheng, Lu Qing, et al., 1958, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinge Sheet Saina’ertage in Quruktagh Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For light metamorphic clastic rocks Presinian Synonym: Xingeertage Formation.

924

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sair Usu Formation () Berkey C P, Morris K, 1924, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol.51, Art.5, 119 Sair Usu in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For sandstone, shale and limestone Early Carboniferous. Saishiteng Group () Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Saishiteng in Qinghai Province Silurian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Saiwa Formation ( ) Sewa Formation Jiang Zhongti, 1983, Some Problems on the Jurassic Stratigraphy of the Qiangtang Area, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 87-112 Synonymous with Sewa Formation. Saiwusu Formation () Li Baolin, Xue Duo, 2000, The Underground Mesozoic Strata and Its Age in Beishan-Badain Jaran Area, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 308-317 Saiwusu in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of brownish red mudstone, light gray gravel-bearing sandstone, rudite, with interbeds of coal seams Early Cretaceous. Saiyikuo Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 239. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Northwestern Sichuan Geology Team Saiyikuo, east of Zhadong, Ruo’ergai County, Sichuan Province For gray gravel-bearing sandstone and slate Sinian. Salachi Formation ( /) Salachi Series, geographic name Salachi was Romanized as Salatsi by the French (LSI) Sun C C, 1934, Geology of Suiyuan & Southwest Chahar, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (12): 32 Salachi (today Sajia County), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For sandstone and shale Permian-Triassic. Salasumen Formation ( ) Geographic name Salasumen was Romanized as Chara-Soume by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 2, chart 1. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Siniqyi B M (Sinicen W M) Salasumen at the southern foot of Altay Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For quartz porphyry and tuffite Mid Devonian.

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925

Salawusu Formation See Sjara Osso Gol Formation. Salbrekin Formation ( ) Geographic name Salbrekin was Romanized as Chara-Bourtchom by the French (LSI)Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 1, chart 1. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Siniqyi B M Salbrekin, south of Wulungu Lake, northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For lava, tuffite and porphyrite Late Permian.

Saleshan Formation (-) Li Jijun et al., 1996, Science in Chinese, D, 26(4): 316-322 Saleshan in Linchuan County, Gansu Province For loess on terrace Quaternary.

Samachich Quartzite ( ) Tan H C, Wang H S, 1929, Geology along the valley of the Neng River, Heilungkiang Province Samachich, northwest of Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish white quartzite Neoproterozoic.

Samchun Formation (“/” ) Samchun Series Samchun in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For white quartzite, quartz slate, shale and quartzose sandstone Pre-Jurassic.

Sanbaoao Formation (/) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 211. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Sanbaoao in Yongxing County, Hunan Province For thin-bedded limestone, muddy limestone and marls with interbeds of siltstone and shale Mid Triassic. Sanbaoshan Formation (/) Xie Guisheng, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet, Humazhen Sheet Sanbaoshan in Baoquangou, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of grayish black slate and arkose Early Devonian.

Sancha Formation (/) Sanchahe Formation Liu Hongchou, Lian Jiande, Yang Zucai, 1988, Bulletin of Lanzhou University, (3): 104-118 Sancha in Gansu Province Carboniferous Synonymous with Sanchahe Formation (1).

926

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sanchagang Formation (/) Ma Changxin, Liu Guirong, Lu Guide, et al., 1992, Geology of Presinian of Northeastern Jiangxi, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Sanchagang in Wuning County, Jiangxi Province Neoproterozoic. Sanchagou Formation (1) (/ 1) Du Dinghan, Zhou Zhijun, Wang Wuyuan, in Du Dinghan et al., 1986, Research

on the Devonian System of the Qinling-Dabashan Mountains District, Shaanxi, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press, 73. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Sanchagou in Zhenba County, Shaanxi Province For sulfate-bearing clastic rocks Mid Devonian Sanchagou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Sanchagou Formation (2) (/ 2) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Sanchagou in Shaanxi Province Cambrian-

Devonian. Sanchahe Formation (/) Xian Siyun et al., 1980, Devonian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Nandan Type of South China, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House For black muddy limestone Early Devonian.

Sanchahe Formation (1) (/ 1) Liu Hongchou et al., Bulletin of Lanzhou University, (3): 104-118 Sanchahe in Gansu Province Late Carboniferous Homonym: Sanchahe Formation (2), (3). Sanchahe Formation (2) (/ 2) No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Sanchahe in Fengqing County, Yunnan Province For red sandstone and shale Late Triassic Homonymous with Sanchahe Formation (1). Sanchahe Formation (3) (/ 3) Sanchahe Till Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 239 Sanchahe in Qinghai Province For gray muddy boulder Pleistocene Homonymous with Sanchahe Formation (1). Sanchahu Formation (/ ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 99. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology

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927

Sanchahu in Dahongshan Area, Hubei Province For a component formation of the Yingshan Group Proterozoic.

Sanchakou Diamictite (/) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 105 Sanchakou in Beigou, Nanwan, Luanchuan County, Henan Province Sinian Homonym: Sanchakou Diamictite. Sanchakou Formation (/) Sanchakou Till Wu Xiangnong, 1994, in Cheng Yuqi ed., 1994, Concise Regional Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 191, table 3-5 Sanchakou in Lenglongling, Qilianshan Mountain, Qinghai Province For diamictite Pleistocene Homonymous with Sanchakou Formation.

Sanchalu Member (1) (/ 1) Xian Siyuan, Zhou Xiyun, 1978, Classification and Correlation of Early Devonian

in Northeastern Yunnan, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 176-183 Sanchalu in Yunnan Province For the upper member of Suotoushan Formation Mid Devonian Homonym: Sanchalu Member (2). Sanchalu Member (2) (/ 2) Xiao Weimin, Wang Hongdi, Zhang Linxin, Dong Wenlan, 1986, Early Permian

Stratigraphy and Faunas in Southern Guizhou, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House, 29-30 Sanchalu close to Sazhi, 5 km south of Langdai Town, Liuzhi Special Region, Guizhou Province Dealing with the upper member of the Sazhi Formation, for dark gray, grayish black carbonaceous muddy limestone and bioclastic limestone, with interbeds of organic clay stone Early Permian Homonymous with Sanchalu Member (1). Sanchatzu Group (/) Sanchatzu Series Endo R, 1943, Bull. Geol. Surv. South Manchuria, (18) Sanchazi(Sanchatzu) in Tieling, Liaoning Province For limestone, dolomite

with interbeds of slate, quartzite and tuffite, with thin-bedded grayish white dolomite with interbeds of slate and quartzite in the lower part, and with conglomerate in the base Proterozoic. Sanchiachung Formation (/) Sanchiachung Shale Huang T K, Hsu K C, 1937, Mesozoic orogenic movements in the Pinghsiang coalfield, Kiangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 16(1/4): 117194 Sanjiachong (Sanchiachung) in Pingxiang County, Jiangxi Province For shales Jurassic.

928

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sanchiangkou Formation (/ ) Sanchiangkou Series Chu T O, 1927-1928, A preliminary report on the geology and mineral resources of Kuei, Hung, Yung Chun, Yung Ning, and Ping Yang Districts, Kwangsi Province, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.1, pt.1, 1-23 Sanjiangkou (Sanchiangkou), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a coal bearing series, and compact sandstones intercalated with shales in the lower part, the uppermost part of the series contains gray, thin-bedded shaly limestone and very fine grained green sandstone Late Permian.

Sanchiao Formation (/) Sanchiao Limestone Ting V K, Grabau A W, 1936, Rept. 16th Internat. Geol. Congr. 1933, vol.1 Sanqiao (Sanchiao) in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For limestone and clastic rocks Late Triassic Homonym: Sanqiao Formation.

Sanchiatzu Formation (/) Sanchiatzu Series, geographic name Sanchiatzu was Romanized as Sankashi or Sanzashi by the Japanese (LSI) Chang L H, 1944, 1944, Voir Cho R, 1944,

Geology of the Southwestern Part of the Nanpiao Coal-field— especially on the Paleozoic Stratigraphy, Mem. Min. Geol. Sect., Bureau of Econ. Res., South Manchuria Railway, (1): 13-38 Sanjiazi (Sanchiatzu) in Nanpiao coalfield, Jinxi County, Liaoning Province For alternating beds of conglomerate, sandstone, and shale, with coarse-grained sandstone and parti-coloured shale in the lower part Carboniferous-Permian. Sanchiatzu Shale (/) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Sanjiazi (Sanchiatzu) in Benxi City, Liaoning Province For shale Permian-Triassic Homonym: Sanjiazi For-

mation. Sanchihshan Limestone (/) Cheng W Y (editor and translator), 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co., 121, table 19 Sanjieshan (Sanchihshan) in Anhui Province For gray, yellow thin-bedded limestone Late Sinian.

Sanchiutien Formation (/ ) Sanchiutien Series Huang T K, Hsu K C, 1936-1937, Mesozoic organic movements in the Pinghsiang Coal Field, Kiangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.19 Sanqiutian (Sanchiutien) in Pingxiang County, Jiangxi Province Jurassic.

Sanchuan Formation (/) Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luanchuan Sheet Sanchuan village in Luanchuan County, Henan Province For quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of phyllite, banded marble, with interbeds of calcareous schist Neoproterozoic.

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Sanchushan Formation (/ ) Sanchushan Limestone Sheng Xinfu, 1951, Stratigraphy of Zhejiang, Geology of Zhejiang, (2) Sanqushan (Sanchushan) in Quxian County, north of Changshan County, Zhejiang Province For grayish black or grayish white limestone EarlyMid Ordovician. Sandaogou Formation (1) (/ 1) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Balikun Sheet Sandaogou in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early-Mid Devonian Synonym: Sandaogou Formation (2), (3). Sandaogou Formation (2) (/ 2) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Geology Team Sandaogou in Xiamen Township, Pingliang County, Gansu Province For knotty limestone, with interbeds of yellowish green calcareous shale Mid Ordovician Homonymous with Sandaogou Formation (1). Sandaogou Formation (3) (/ 3) Sandaogou Group Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team Sandaogou close to Jiapigou, Huadian City, Jilin Province A formation in the upper part of the Jiapigou Group, for leptynite, amphibolites, quartzite with interbeds of quartz schist Archean Homonymous with Sandaogou Formation (1). Sandaohe Group (/) Sandaohe Formation Wang Keyong, 1984, Regional Geology of Guizhou, 1(2) Sandaohe in Weining County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of conglomerate and purplish red feldspathic quartzose sandstone Early Cretaceous Homonym: Sandaohe Shale.

Sandaohe Shale (/) Fu Kun, 1990, Geological Survey in Guizhou and the Contributions of Stratigraphic Study of Ting V K, in Wang Hongzhen ed., 1990, Early Stage History of Geological Cause of China, Beijing: Peking University Press, 192-196, First appeared in a manuscript by Ting V K Sandaohe in Weining County, Guizhou Province For shale Triassic Homonymous with Sandaohe Group. Sandaokan Formation (/) Sandaokan Beds Lu Yanhao, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(3). First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Guan S C & Che S C, Guan and Che’s paper was published in 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica, 35(2): 95-108 Sandaokan close to the

930

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

northern slope of Gangdershan, Wuhai City, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of white thick-bedded quartzite and blue thick-bedded dolomitic limestone and limestone Early Ordovician. Sandaoqiao Formation (/) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 191. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Western Sichuan Research Team Sandaoqiao close to Raoqi, Baoxing County, Sichuan Province For black breccia limestone Late Permian. Sandaoqing Member (/) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Erle Sheet Sandaoqing in Yunnan Province Mid Devonian.

Sandaozhuang Formation (/) Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luanchuan Sheet Sandaozhuang in Sanchuan Township, Luanchuan County, Henan Province For alternating beds of phyllite, schist and quartzose sandstone Neoproterozoic.

Sandong Formation (0 ) Li Hanming, 1995, Guangdong Geology, 10(1): 63. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by No. 705 Guangdong Geology Team Sandong in Renhua County, Guangdong Province For dark purple volcanic rock and volcanic clastic rocks Early Cretaceous.

Sandschu Beds () Sandschu Tagh Group (Hetian Geology Team, 1960) Terra H de, 1932, Wiss. Erg. d. Dr. Trinklerschen Central-assien Exp., bd.II, 60 Sangzhu (Sandschu) Mt., 130 km west of Hetian County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tertiary.

Sandu Formation (/) Sandu Shale Lu Yanhao, 1954, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2(2) Sandu County, Guizhou Province For grayish yellow, yellowish green, bluish gray cal-

careous shale, and shale with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone or limestone lenticle Late Cambrian. Sanduketashi Formation (1) No.3 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wusu Sheet Sanduketashi in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous.

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931

Sanduo Formation (/ ) Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources 1989, Memoir on Geology of Nanjing-Zhenjiang Mountain, Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 64. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by Petroleum Geology Team of East China Sanduo Town in Gaoyou County, Jiangsu Province For underground strata, grayish black mudstone, and muddy siltstone Oligocene. Sandushui Formation (/) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chengxian Sheet. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by No.1 Tianshui Geology Team Sandushui, south of Xipo station, Huixian County, Gansu Province For brownish yellow quartzose sandstone, grayish green sandy shale, bluish gray phyllitic muddy shale and dark gray thin-bedded limestone, with interbeds of rhythmic beds of breccia limestone Early Triassic. Sanfengshan Sandstone (/) Sun C C, 1934, Geology of Yuhsien and Mihsien Coal Field, Honan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (24): 11 Sanfengshan in Yuxian (Yuhsien) County, Henan province For sandstone Permian-Triassic Synonym: Pingdingshan Sandstone.

Sanfucun Clay (/) Sanfucun Red Clay Beijing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Beijing Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.27], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 254 Sanfucun in Yanqing County, Beijing Municipality For red clay Pleistocene. Sangba Group () Tibet Integrative Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Sangba in Jiali County, Tibet autonomous Region For the sum of Mid Jurassic clastic rocks (lower) and the carbonate rocks (upper) Jurassic Sangba Group is the form of lithostratigraphic

unit with non-lithotratigraphic meaning; A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Sangdalaihuduge Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Sangdalaihuduge close to Sundelatu, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For green schist Mesoproterozoic. Sangduo Formation ( ) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luolong Sheet, Qamdo Sheet Sangduo in Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For a part within the original Bagong Coal Series Late Triassic.

932

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sangejing Formation (/) No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Anbei Sheet Sangejing in Subei County, Gansu province A subdivision within the same name higher Sangejing Group, for clastic

rocks with interbeds of volcanic lava and clastic rocks, and with carbonate rocks occasionally Early-Mid Devonian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Sangejing Group. Sangejing Group (/) Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 144. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Sangejing in Subei County, Gansu Province For the sum of Sangejing Formation and Lucaotan Formation Early-Mid Devonian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Sangejing Formation. Sangeling Formation (/) Sangeling Conglomerate Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Sangeling close to Tianshifu valley, east of Xiaoshi, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone, shale and tuffaceous sandstone Mid

Jurassic. Sangequan Formation (/) Wang Jingbin, Li Yongan, Wang, Youbiao, Qi Zhiming, 1982, Sinian Suberathem

of West Segment of Northern Tianshan Mountain, in Contribution to Geological Study on Xinjiang, Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House, 1-9 Sangequan in Kuximuqieke, southwest of Jinghe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dolomitic limestone, dolomite with interbeds of silicalite Mesoproterozoic. Sang-hu Conglomerate ( ) Sang-hu Sandstone and Conglomerate Higgins, 1914, Geology of China, 17. Adopted a geological formation name created by Richthofen F von Shenghong (Sang-hu) close to Huangshi, east of Daye County, Hubei Province For sandstone and conglomerate Permian(?) or Mesozoic(?).

Sangjianyao Member () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 154 Sangjianyao in Western Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi province Dealing with a subdivision within the Shansi Formation, for clastic rock, muddy rock, and coal seam, with interbeds of limestone Permian.

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Sangkalayong Formation ( ) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luolong Sheet, Qamdo Sheet Sangkalayong in Mali Township, Luolong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the Mid Jurassic limestone disrupted south of the local Wahe fracture Mid Jurassic.

Sangkan Gneiss () Richthofen F von, 1882, China, bd.II, 376 Sanggan (Sangkan) River, close to Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province For gneiss Archean. Sanglongtan Formation () Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Stratigraphy and Paleontology Group of Laboratory of Yunnan Bureau of Geology Sanglongtan in Yongsheng County, Yunnan Province For limestone with interbeds of silicalite and sandstone Late Devonian.

Sangonghe Formation (/) Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Sun Jian Sangonghe, south of Fukang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish green sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Early Jurassic. Sangqiashan Formation () Ji Liuxiang, 1994, On the problem of the definition on the Fenghuoshan Group in theTanggula Mountains Area, Qinghai, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (Serial no.51): 371-380 Sangqiashan in Tanggulashan Township, Golmud City, Qinghai Province Dealing with a component formation within the top of Fenghuoshan Group, for purplish red clastic rocks Early Cretaceous. Sangqu Formation () Chen Bingwei, 1982, Some Geological Problems in Zayu District, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (10), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Sangqu close to Guqin, Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a set of carbonate rocks with interbeds of breccia limestone and flint banded limestone, below the Chunjieqiao Formation Early Ordovician Synonym: Gujin Formation. Sangri Group ( ) Sangri Formation Han Tonglin, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.2 Tibet Geology Team Sangri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the sum of Mamuxia Formation and Bima Formation Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sangshu’an Formation () North China Institute of Geology, 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, North China Institute of Geology, 11 Sangshu’an in Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For muddy dolomite and dolomitic limestone Mesoproterozoic.

Sanguandian Formation (/!) Yang Zhihua, 1991, Tectonic Lithofacies and Mineralization in Marginal Transformed Basin, Beijing: Science Press Sanguandian in Shaanxi Province Mid

Devonian. Sanguanmiao Formation (/ ) Yan Zhubin, 1985, Geological Review, 31(2): 101-110. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript Sanguanmiao in Shaanxi Province For a subdivision within the Taihua Group Archean.

Sanguanya Formation (/ ) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xi Wenxiang, Pei Fang ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (41), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Henan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 251. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Yan Guoshun et al. Sanguanya in Xichuan County, Henan Province For black, dark gray limestone and flinty nodule or banded muddy biolimestone with interbeds of mudstone, siltstone and marls Late Carboniferous. Sangxiu Formation () Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Research on Regional Geol-

ogy of Yangzhuoyong Lake Area, Southern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Sangxiu in Yangzhuoyong lake area, Tibet Autonomous Region For a component formation within the middle part of local Yulangbaijia Group Late Jurassic Sangxiu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostraigraphic meaning. Sangye Andesite () Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Documents

of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, fig.48 Sangye at the northern bank of 4, Tibet Autonomous Region For red quartz andesite Cretaceous. Sangyu Formation () Beijing College of Mining Industry, 1960, Sedimentary Characters and Correla-

tion of Coal Seams in Carbon-Permian of Beijing Coal Field, Beijing: Coal Industry Press Sangyu in Beijing Municipality Mid Jurassic.

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Sangzhi’akao Formation () No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangxiula Sheet Sangzhi’akao in Yushu County, Qinghai Province For alternating beds of gray metamorphic conglomerate and garish green andesite, with interbeds of andesitic breccia lava Mid Devonian.

Sangzugang Formation () Wu Haoruo, Wang Dongan, Wang Liancheng, 1977, The Cretaceous of LazeJiangze District, Southern Tibet, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (3): 250-262 Sangzu-

gang village in the southern bank of Xiaqu river, 14 km north of Xiabujiding, Sajia County, Tibet Autonomous Region For thick-bedded limestone Late Cretaceous. Sanhaogou Formation (/

)

Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 242. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Duan Xinhua Sanhaogou in Jinggu County, Yunnan Province For gray, grayish yellow fine-grained sandstone, mudstone with interbeds of conglomerate Miocene Sanhaogou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning Sanhe Formation (/) Sichuan Air Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Langzhong, Deyang, Santai and Jianyang Sheet Sanhechang in Yibin County, Sichuan Province For lateritic red thick-bedded sandstone with interbeds of mudstone Late Cretaceous. Sanhedong Formation (/ ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Newsletter of Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Southwestern China, (4) Sanhedong close to Waigu village, Weishan County, Yunnan Province For dark gray limestone with interbeds of muddy limestone, calcareous mudstone, and with siliceous bands occasionally Late Triassic. Sanhekou Formation (/) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chengxian Sheet. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Western Qinling Geology Team Sanhekou in Wudu County, Gansu Province For thick clastic rocks with interbeds of carbonate rocks Sinian. Sanhezhen Member (/) Sanhezhen Formation Wang Gang, Zhang Bizhi, 1988, Guizhou Geology, 5(2) Sanhezhen in Sandu County, Guizhou Province A component member within

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

the top of the revised Sandu Formation, for gray to dark gray thin-bedded calcareous, clayey limestone and muddy limestone with interbeds of bioclastic limestone Cambrian-Ordovician. Sanhsia Group (/) Geographic name Sanhsia was Romanized as Sankyo by the Japanese (LSI) Ishikawa Y, 1929, The stratigraphy of the coalfields of Taiwan, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 36(429) Sanhsia village in Taipei County, Taiwan Province Composed

mainly of medium- to coarse-grained sandstone and shale in alternation, intercalated with several thin seams of non-coking coal and volcanic rock lenticle in the lower portion. Sanhia Group is composed of Erchiu Formation, Taiho Formation and the upper coal-bearing formation Miocene. Sanhsin Formation (/) Geographic name Sanhsin was Romanized as Sansei by the Japanese (LSI) Ogasawara M, 1933, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Dainano Sheet Sanhsinshan, Ilan County, Taiwan Province Composed of light gray compact sandstone intercalated with black shale Late Mesozoic-Eocene Synonym: Sanhsin-shan Formation.

Sanhuashi Group (/ ) Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team Sanhuashi in Xixiang County, Shaanxi Province For gneiss and crystalline schist Proterozoic-Silurian. Sanhuichang Limestone (/) Pan C H, Peng K T, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2): 49 Sanhuichang in Nanchuan County, Sichuan Province For limestone Cambrian-Early Ordovi-

cian. Sanhutun Basalt (/) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Jilin

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Ge Liangtao et al. Sanhutun in Erdao, Songhuajiang River, Jilin Province For basalt Pleistocene Synonymous with Nanping Formation. Sanjiacun Formation (/) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 242 Sanjiacun close to Yinchanggou, Zhongdian

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County, Yunnan Province For grayish white to dark gray dolomite with interbeds of muddy slate and siltstone Late Cambrian. Sanjiadian Formation (/ ) Sanjiadian Beds Obata T, 1939, Preliminary Report of Geology, close to Jun-

zhuang, Western Hills, Peking, Bull. Inst. Natur. Sci. Shanghai, (8); or Geology , close to Junzhuang, Western Hills, Peking, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 46(549): 352-354 Sanjiadian in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality For purplish red, red, green sandstone, conglomerate and shale Mid Jurassic This was the name oblitum. Sanjian Group (/) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 384. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Mo Zhusun Sanjian close to Liantan, Yunan County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of purplish red, brownish red gneiss, grayish white schist, grayish white, grayish yellow, silver gray and purplish red schist Late Ordovician. Sanjianfang Formation (/) Sanjianfang Series Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Xia Gongjun Sanjianfang in Turpan Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brownish red, grayish green sandy mudstone, with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Early Jurassic. Sanjiao Formation (/) Huang Zhenguo, Li Pingri, Zhang Zhongying, Li Konghong, Qiao Pengnian,

1982, The Formation and Evolution of Zhujiang Delta, Guangzhou: Guangzhou Branch of Popular Science Press, 274 Sanjiao point, Zhongshan County, Guangdong Province For sandy clay, gravel-bearing coarse-grained sand and clay Pleistocene. Sanjiao Limestone (/) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 145. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Sanjiao in Lingshi County, Shanxi province For a bed of limestone within the Yumengou Member Late Carboniferous. Sanjiaoshan Formation (1) (/ 1) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Sanjiaoshan in Heilongjiang Province Late Permian Homonym: Sanjiaoshan Formation (2).

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sanjiaoshan Formation (2) (/ 2) Liu Diyong, Liu Weizhou, 1985, Acta Palaeontolgica Sinica, 24(2) Sanjiaoshan, west of Duanyanshan, north of Yiershi, Heilongjiang Province For parti-coloured metamorphic tuffaceous, muddy siltstone with interbeds of medium-fine-grained quartzose sandstone, with tuffaceous conglomerate in the base Mid Ordovician Homonymous with Sanjiaoshan Formation (1). Sanjiaotang Formation (/ ) Sanjiaotang Beds Yan Lianquan, Han Yingshan, 1952, Report of Geology and

Mineral Resources of Western Henan, Kaifeng Element of Central-South Geological Survey Sanjiaotang village, close to Luoyu, Ruyang County, Henan Province For light red with interbeds of purple quartzite with white bands Presinian. Sanjiazhai Formation (/) Lin Yingdang, Wu Shizhong, 1988, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 27(5): 265-282 Sanjiazhai in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous.

Sanjiazi Formation (/) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Jilin

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 281 Sanjiazi in Yongji County, Jilin Province For sand and gravel bearing clay beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Sanchiatzu Shale. Sankedian Schist (/ ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongping Sheet Sankedian village in Maidi Township, Yangbi County, Yunnan Province For schist Paleozoic.

Sankeyushu Formation (/) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tonghua City Sheet Sankeyushu in Tonghua City, Jilin province For andesite Early Cretaceous. Sankoujiang Formation (/ ) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geol-

ogy of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.201 Guangdong Coal Field Geological Survey Team Sankoujiang in Lianxian County, Guangdong Province Early Permian. Sanlangpu Formation (/) Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral

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Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 32. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Tao Hongxiang Sanlangpu in Shaanxi Province For a component formation within the Xixiang Group Neoproterozoic. Sanlengshan Formation (/) South China Research Team of Rich Iron Ore, Academia Sinica, 1986, Geochem-

istry of Geology and Iron Mining of Shilu, Hainan Island, Beijing: Science Press Sanlengshan in Shilu Iron Mining, Changjiang County, Hainan Province Early

Carboniferous. Sanli Formation (/) Hou Hongfei, 1978, Devonian of Southern China, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 223. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Ning Zongshan Sanli in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For knotty limestone and limestone lenticle with muddy bands Late Devonian.

Sanlichong Formation (/) Wang Guolian, Sun Xiufang, 1973, Acta Geologica Sinica, 47(2): 137-178 Sanlichong in Shaanxi Province Late Carboniferous Sanlichong Formation

is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostraigraphic meaning. Sanling Limestone (/) Chao Y T, 1926, Carboniferous Stratigraphy of South Manchuria, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (8): 6-19 Sanlingshan in Wuhuzui, southwest of Liaodong Peninsula, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Carboniferous.

Sanliwang Formation (/) Sanliwang Coal Series Yeh L F, Lee C, 1924, 11th Report the Diaries of Geological Survey of Anhui Province, pt.2 Sanliwang in Tongling County, Anhui Province For coal series Late Permian.

Sanmen Formation (/) Sanmen Series Andersson J G, 1923, Essays on the Cenozoic of North china,

Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (3): 1-93. First appeared in a 1918 manuscript by Ting V K Sanmenxia on Huanghe River, between Shanxi Province and Henan Province For clay, medium-fine-grained sand beds, rudite and gravel PliocenePleistocene. Sanmendian Formation (/ ) Sun Dazhong et al., 1984, Precambrian Geology of Eastern Hebei Province, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press Sanmendian in eastern Hebei Province For a component formation within the Badaohe Group Palaeoproterozoic.

940

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sanmenjie Formation (/) Dong Baolin, 1990, Regional Geology of Guangxi, (18). First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Sanmenjie in Sanmen Township, Longsheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For basic volcanic rocks with interbeds of carbonaceous phyllite and siltstone Mesoprotero-

zoic. Sanmenkiang Formation (/ ) Sanmenkiang Series Li C, Chu S, 1934, Note on the stratigraphy of the envi-

rons of the Maping City, Central Kwangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(2): 215232 Sanmenjiang (Sanmenkiang), east of Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For sandy clay and gravel Late Permian. Sanmentan Formation (/) Zhou Dianchao, Zhu Zhenggang, 1978,Brief Introduction on Devonian of Jiangxi,

in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 184-188. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Liu Yaguang Sanmentan in Luoao Township, Yudu County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with the upper part of the local original Hsiashan Series, for yellowish green, brownish yellow finegrained sandstone and siltstone Late Devonian. Sanmianjing Formation (/!) Sheng Jinzhang, 1962, The Permian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 73. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Ju Ziyun Sanmianjing in Baokang County, Hebei Province For grayish green, grayish yellow sandstone, gravel-bearing sandstone, with interbeds of volcanic rock and sandy shale lenticle Early Permian.

Sanpai Formation (/5) Mo C S, Tu H, 1943, Mem. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (1): 1-26 Sanpai in Lian County, Guangdong Province For black limestone, purplish red shale and yellow sandstone Early Carboniferous. Sanqiao Formation (/) Sanqiao Beds Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chengxian Sheet. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by No.125 Yinchuan Petroleum Geological Exploration Team Sanqiao, southwest of Guguan Township, 25 km northwest of Longxian County, Shaanxi Province For purple massive conglomerate Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Sanchiao Formation. Sanshantzu Dolomite (/ ) Sanshantzu Limestone Hsieh C Y, 1932, The Chiawang Coal Field of Tungshan District, Jiangsu, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (18): 2 Sanshanzi (Sanshantzu), 2 km south of Daquan village, 35 km southeast of Chiawang, Jiangsu Province

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For dolomite Mid Cambrian- Early Ordovician. The geologic ages of the San-

shantzu Dolomite are varied from place to place within its distribution area, it is a diachronous lithostraigraphic unit clearly. Sanshihlipu Formation (/ ) Sanshihlipu Stage Matsushita S, 1930, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., 1(1) Sanshilipu in Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For slate with interbeds of limestone lenticle Early Cambrian. Sanshilidadun Formation (/ ) Sanshilidadun Beds Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic

Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Xia Gongshi Sanshilidadun, east of Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brownish red, purplish red, with interbeds of brownish yellow sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone Early Cretaceous. Sanshui Formation (/) Hao Yichun, Su Deying, Yu Jingxian, et al., 1986, Stratigraphy of China, (12), The Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Zhang Xianqiu Sanshui County, Guangdong Province For purplish red, brownish red, siltstone, fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of rudite, grayish green calcareous mudstone, marls and gypsum Late Cretaceous. Santai Conglomerate (/) Lee Y Y, Chen B F, 1939, Geological Review, 4(4): 339 Santai County, Sichuan Province For conglomerate Cretaceous Homonymous with Santai Formation. Santai Formation (/) Santai Series Tan H C, 1923, New Research on the Mesozoic and Early Tertiary Geology in Shantung, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (5), pt.2 Santai hills in Boshan County, Shandong Province For conglomerate, rudite, with interbeds of purplish red, yellowish green sandstone Mid Jurassic Homonym: Santai Conglomerate.

Santaizi Formation (/) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 283. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by No.2 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Santaizi, north of Shenyang City, Liaoning Province Dealing with the formation in the upper part of the Hunhe Group, for the rhythmic beds composed of conglomerate, rudite, silicalite, and mudstone Pliocene. Santan Formation (/) Shanghai Integrative Research Team of Marine Geology, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources & Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geosciences,

942

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

1989, Cenozoic Paleontological Fauna of the Continental Shelf Basin of East China Sea, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Shanghai Integrative Research Team of Marine Geology Santan close to Longjing Well no.1, Continental Shelf Basin of East China Sea For alternating beds of gray mudstone, and grayish white sandstone, with interbeds of lignite beds Pliocene. Santanghu Formation (/ ) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Cai Tu Si ed.), 1999, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (65), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region , Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 91. First appeared in a 1995 manuscript by Sun Qiaoli Santanghu in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Permian Santanghu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostraigraphic meaning. Santao Formation (/) Endo R, 1932, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull., (164): 18 Sandaogangzi, 2 km north of Benxi City, Liaoning Province For medium thick-bedded gray muddy limestone Ordovician.

Santiaochiao Formation (/) Geographic name Santiaochiao was Romanized as Sansypkaku by the Japanese (LSI) Yabe H, Hanzawa S, 1935, Sci. Rept. Tohoku Imp. Univ., ser.II, 18(1) Santiaochiao in Taipei County, Taiwan Province Eocene Synonymous with

Puli Formation. Santouping Formation (/) Lee J S, with assistance of Chao Y T, 1924, Geology of the Gorges Area of the

Yangtze from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(3/4): 350-392 Sandouping (Santouping), 12 km west of Nantuo, Hubei Province For the sum of Huangling Granite, Meijento Gneiss and Kungling Schist Presinian. Santunying Formation (/) Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 30. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Changchun College of Geology Santunying, 12 km northwest of Qianxi County, Hebei Province A formation within the upper part of Taipingzhai Subgroup of Qianxi Group, for gneiss with interbeds of amphibolites and quartzite lenticle Archean. Sanwan Formation (/) Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral

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Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 32. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Tao Hongxiang Sanwan in Shaanxi Province For the lowest formation within the Xixiang Group Mesoproterozoic. Sanxiangu Formation (/) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaguan Sheet Sanxiangu in Yunnan Province Early-

Mid Devonian. Sanxianling Formation (/) Wu Shuibo, Sun Ge, Liu Weizhou, Xie Xueguang, Li Chuntian, 1980, The Upper

Triassic of Tuopangou, Wangqing of Eastern Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(3): 191-200 Sanxianling in Jilin Province Late Jurassic. Sanxing Formation (/) Sanxing Beds North Manchuria Geological Survey Team of Former Institute of

Geology, 1952, in Chang W Y ed., The Geology of China, Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co., 88, table (1) Sanxing (Yilan) County, Jilin Province For alternating beds of conglomerate, sandstone and shale, with interbeds of oil shale Eocene. Sanxizhai Formation (/) Li Jianhai, Wang Guoping, Zheng Tiefan, Liang Sijin, 1994, New lithostrati-

graphic units established in Fujian Province, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 325-347 Sanxizhai village in Gaiyang Township, 15.5 km northwest of Mingxi County, Fujian Province For phyllite with interbeds of banded silicalite, dolomitic marble lenticle and pyrite beds Sinian. Sanya Formation (/) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang

ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 175. First appeared in a manuscript by Maoming Corporation of Petroleum Sanya River in Huazhou County, Guangdong Province For red clastic rocks and volcanic clastic rocks Cretaceous. Sanya Formation (1) (/ 1) Hu Zhizhong, Su Houxi, 1981, in Zeng Dingqian ed., 1981, Tertiary System

of North Continental Shelf of South China Sea, Guangzhou: Guangzhou Science and Technology Press, 79, 84. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by South Sea Branch of Petroleum Corporation of the People’s Republic of China Sanya City, Hainan Province For grayish white rudite with interbeds of parti-coloured mudstone Miocene Homonym: Sanya Formation (2).

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sanya Formation (2) (/ 2) Zhang Zhongying, Liu Ruihua, Han Zhongyuan, 1987, Tropical Geography, 7(1) Sanya City, Hainan Province Holocene Homonymous with Sanya Formation (1). Sanyagang Conglomerate (/) Sanyagang Coral-bearing Conglomerate Mu Enzhi, 1948, Geological Review, 13(1/2): 158 Sanyagang, Hainan Province For coral-bearing conglomerate Quaternary.

Sanyang Group (/) Wang Xiuzhang, 1959, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1959(2): 6-7 Sanyang in Sudanhada Range, eastern Heilongjiang Province Early Jurassic.

Sanyanggang Formation (/) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 246. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Hunan Petroleum Geological Survey Team Sanyanggang in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of dark purple, grayish yellow, grayish white gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone, sandstone, and siltstone or mudstone Early Cretaceous. Sanyen Formation (/) Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1955(7) Sanyan (Sanyen) at the western bank of Jinsha River, Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For metamorphic series Precambrian.

Sanyigou Formation (/) Xie Guisheng, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou, Humazhen Sheet Sanyigou in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For black, grayish-yellowish green carbonaceous and silty slate Early Cambrian. Sanying Formation (/) Sanying Coal Series Zhao Guoguang, 1965, Geological Review, 23(5): 345358. First appeared in a manuscript by No.12 Yunnan Geology Team Santing in Yunnan Province For light grayish green, grayish yellow, pink hemi solid siltstone, clay stone, with interbeds of lignite beds Miocene or Pliocene. Sanyu Formation (/) Zheng Guangying, 1989, Correlation of Quaternary Type Strata of South Huanghai Sea, Beijing: Science Press Sanyu Town in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province For grayish yellow, brownish yellow, yellowish green rudite Pleistocene.

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Sanyuankung Limestone (/ ) Huang Y S, 1940, Geology of the Iron Ore Deposits of Imen, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Sanyuangong (Sanyuankung), 2 km northeast of Yimen County, Yunnan Province For limestone Late Sinian. Sanyuanzhi Formation (/ ) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing Sheet Sanyuanzhi in Langyashan, Chuxian County, Anhui Province For dark purple, purplish red knotty muddy limestone with interbeds of mudstone Mid Ordovician. Sanyuen Freestone (/7) Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34; 1927, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol.38 Sanyuan County, north Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province For quartzite with interbeds of red shale Cambrian-Ordovician. Sanyutung Formation (/ ) Sanyutung Limestone Wang Y, 1938, Geological Review, 3(2): 131-142 Sanyoudong (Sanyutung) in Yichang City, Hubei Province For gray massive thick-bedded limestone Cambrian-Ordovician The subdivisions Xinping For-

mation (Middle Cambrian), Wuduhe Formation (Late Cambrian), and Xilingxia Formation (Early Ordovician) of the Sanyutung Limestone are all the form of lithostratigraphic units with chronostratigraphic meaning. Sanze Formation (1) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Derong Sheet Sanze close to Zongzan, Batang County, Sichuan Province For gray limestone, dark gray muddy limestone, dolomite, with interbeds of sandy mudstone, tuffite Mid Silurian. Sanzhushan Formation (/) Du Qiliang, 1978, Regional Geological Survey of Shanxi, (2) Sanzhushan in Tongweng area, Muli County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of light gray

metamorphic sandy mudstone and limestone, with gravel-bearing sandstone in the base Mid Triassic. Saozishan Formation (2) No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mingshui Sheet Saozishan, south of Yemaquan, Subei County, Gansu Province For rudite, slate, marls, with interbeds of volcanic rocks occasionally Carboniferous. Sapushan Formation (-) Sapushan Series Ting V K, 1947, Report of Geological Survey, Nanking, National Geological Survey of China Sapushan, 5 km north of Wuding County, Yunnan Province Cambrian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sarezheyi Formation ( ) Wu Shaozu, Zhang Zhimin, 1985, Lower Permian Series on Southern Xinjiang, in

Xinjiang Institute of Geology ed., 1985, Contribution to Xinjiang Geology, Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House, 93-117 Sarezheyi in Aheqi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, grayish brown calcareous fine-grained sandstone, and siltstone, with interbeds of algal limestone and breccia limestone Late Permian. Sarikol Formation ( ) Sarikol Series Hayden H H, 1915 (?) Sarikol in the northern slope of Karakunlun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Paleozoic.

Sarikuol Shales ( ) Hayden H H, 1916, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol.45, 271-335, Calcuda Shalikuole (Sarikuol) close to Tashikuergan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark porphyry with interbeds of schist and lenticular sandstone Permian.

Sashuiyan Formation (-) Jin Chuntai et al., 1989, Silurian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Erlangshan

District of Sichuan, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (11) Sashuiyan between Longdanxi and Maliuqiao, Erlangshan Area, western Sichuan Province For gray, dark gray knotty and thick-bedded limestone, grayish green silty mudstone and biolimestone Late Silurian. Sawu’ershan Formation ( ) Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and Zhu Shida,

1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tuosite Sheet Sawu’ershan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish green, dark purple tuffite, breccia lava and volcanic breccia Mid Devo-

nian. Saxi Formation (- ) Compiling Group for Yunnan Digital Geological Atlas, 1998, Explanatory Text

for 1:500 000 Scale Digital Geological Map of Yunnan Province. First appeared in a manuscript by Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Saxi in Mengdong Township, Lipo County, Yunnan Province For leptynite, quartzite with interbeds of amphibolites and calcareous silicalite Early Permian. Saxin Formation () Wang Naiwen et al., 1983, Acta Geologica Sinica, 57(1): 83-95 Saxin village, south of Maqu, Duilongdeqing County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the purplish red clastic rocks within the upper part of the original Takenake Formation Late Cretaceous.

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Sayangou Formation ( ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 192. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Sichuan Air Regional Geological Survey Team Sayangou in Sichuan Province For volcanic rocks Late Permian. Sazhi Formation (-) Xiao Weimin, Wang Hongdi, Zhang Linxin, Dong Wenlan, 1986, Early Permian

Stratigraphy and Faunas in Southern Guizhou, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House, 29-30 Sazhi, 5 km south of Langdai Town, Lizhi Special Region, Guizhou Province For carbonaceous, muddy limestone, dolomitic limestone with interbeds of clay stone Early Permian. Sebei Formation (3) Liu Zechun, Sun Shiying, Yang Pan, Zou Zhuhong, 1990, Science in China, B: Chemistry, (11): 1 210-1 212 Sebei tectonic, north of Seniehu lake, Qaidam Basin, Qinghai province For mudstone, sandy mudstone, and marls Pleistocene Sebei Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithstrigraphic

meaning. Se’ertengshan Group () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Ge-

ology of Inner Mongolia autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 33. First appeared in a manuscript by No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team & Inner Mongolia Institute of Geology Se’ertengshan in the middle segment of Yinshan Mountain, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gneiss amphibolites, quartzite and green schist Palaeoproterozoic. Sega Formation () Yang Shanqing, Ma Baohua, Ren Baolin, Chen Kaiguo, Gu Qingge, 1983, Dis-

covery and Its Significance of Early and Middle Triassic Strata in Malasongduo Area, Chaya County, Tibet Autonomous Region, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Sega in Malasongduo area, Chaya County, Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic. Sehwaying Beds ( ) Ting V K, 1926, in Grabau A W, 1926, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser.A, vol.3, fasc.2, 29 Shihuaying (Sehwaying), southeast of Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province Silurian.

948

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Selong Group () Shi Yafeng, Liu Dongsheng, 1964, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1964(10) Selong

village, north of Xixiabangma Mt., Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For marls with interbeds of shale late Permian.

Seluohe Group () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 53 Seluohe river in Huadian County, Jilin Province For green schist with interbeds of marls Mesoproterozoic. Semagou Formation () Chen Zhiyong, 1994, Lithostraigraphic division of the Cambrian in the mountain

Se’erteng area, Inner Mongolia, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no. 51), 319-324. First appeared in a 1994 manuscript by No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team Semagou village in Dashetai Township, Wulate Qian Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For parti-coloured quartzose sandstone, siltstone , shale and silty limestone, with conglomerate in the base Early-Mid Cambrian. Senbei Formation (4) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dege Sheet Senbei in Sichuan Province For a set of tectonic schist Permian Senbei Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit

with non-lithstrigraphic meaning. Senchen Formation () Sench’uan Series, Heim misread the pronunciation of Chinese character “” “zhen”as “chuan” Heim A, 1930, Special Publication of Geological Survey of Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (7) Shenzhen (Senchen) City, Guangdong Province For slate or metamorphic shale with interbeds of quartzite Permian-Mesozoic .

Sench’uan Formation i.e. Senchen Formation. Seribayan’aobao Formation ( ) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Wenguo et al.

ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (15),Stratigraphy (Lithostraic) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 186 Seribayan’aobao, north of Aomugenhuduge, Sonid Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For clastic rocks with interbeds of volcanic rocks Devonian-Carboniferous.

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Serongsi Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Serongsi in Jiangda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the carbonate rocks composed mainly of limestone Early Triassic. Sewa Formation () Wen Shixuan, 1979, New materials of biostratigraphy in the northern Qiangtang Plateau, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(2):150-156 Sewa in Bange County, Tibet Autonomous s Region For gray calcareous mudstone, gray limestone and marls, with interbeds of black shale Mid Jurassic. Sexiong Formation () Wu Yimin, 1983, Tertiary of Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Sexiong in Tibet Autonomous Region Neocene Sexiong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic

unit only with non-lithstrigraphic meaning. Shaba Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaguan Sheet Shaba in Diancangshan area, Yunnan Province For a component formation within the Tsang Shan Group Proterozoic or

Cambrian-Ordovician. Shabahuang Formation ( ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yudu Sheet Shabahuang in Yudu County, Jiangxi Province For metamorphic conglomerate, rudite, gravel-bearing tuffaceous sandstone, greywacke with interbeds of phyllite, slate and metamorphic tuffite Sinian. Shabajiao Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Shabajiao in Shidian County, Yunnan Province for pink silty limestone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Early Devonian. Shabaopu Gravel Beds ( ) Guizhou Working Team of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwestern China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shabaopu in Duyun County, Guizhou Province For brownish yellow conglomerate, with sand and clay Pleistocene. Shabaowan Shale ( ) Shabaowan Yellow Shale Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Geosci. Depart. Inst. Liberal Arts, National Chekiang University, (1) Shabaowan village, 5 km northwest of Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For yellow, yellowish green, brownish gray

950

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

thin-bedded paper shale or banded shale with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone occasionally Early Triassic. Shabarakh Formation ( ) Berkey C P, Morris F K, 1927, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 38(1): 165 Sabala (Shabarakh) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For clay, sands and gravel Holocene.

Shachang Beds ( ) Shachang Ore-bearing Beds Tan H C, 1943, Geological Review, 8(1/6): 43 Shachang located among three counties of Yimen, Anning and Lufeng in Yunnan Province For grayish yellow, brownish purple metamorphic shale and sandstone, with four beds of iron ore in it Sinian.

Shachimiao Formation ( ) Sheng Xinfu, Chang Longqing, Cai Shaoying, Xiao Yingwu, 1962, Acta Geologica Sinica, 42(1): 31-56. First appeared in a 1946 manuscript by Yang Boquan & Sun Wanquan Shaximiao (Shachimiao) in Hechuan County, Sichuan Province For a set of clastic rocks composed mainly of sandstone and mudstone Mid Jurassic.

Shaching Formation ( ) Shaching Stage Andersson J G, 1925, Preliminary report on archaeological researches of Kansu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (5): 39 Shajing (Shaching) in Zhenfan County, Gansu Province Holocene Homonym: Shajing Formation.

Shadangzong Formation ( ) Shadangzong Volcanic Series Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Documents of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 71 Shadangzong in Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red volcanic breccia and purple quartz andesitic porphyry intercalated with a bed of black shale Cretaceous.

Shadawang Formation ( ) Gao Zhisheng, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wusu Sheet Shadawang close to Bayingou, Wusu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of pillow basalt and radiolarian silicalite Early Carboniferous.

Shading Slate ( ) Shading Slate Series, Shading Series Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1955(7) Shadingzong at the upper reaches of Nujiang River, Qamdo Area, Tibet Autonomous Region For black sandy slate with interbeds of quartzite, green slate with interbeds of conglomerate, limestone and volcanic rocks Jurassic(?).

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Shadui Formation (

) Shadui Group Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Research

on Regional Geology of Yanzhuoyong Lake Area, Southern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shadui in Rongduo area, Langkazi county, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray, grayish black, grayish yellow calcareous and siliceous shales with interbeds of marls Creatceous Shadui Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Sha’erbu’erti Formation ( ) Sha’erbu’ertishan Formation Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geo-

logical Sciences & Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tuosite Sheet. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by No.3 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Sha’erbu’erti Mountain in Western Junggar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish brown gravel-bearing sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle Mid Silurian. Sha’erken Beds ( ) Sheng Jinzhang, 1962, The Permian of China, Beijing: Sciensce Press, 75. First appeared in a manuscript by a team of Ministry of Geology Sha’erken in Kuqa County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone and calcareous conglomerate Permian.

Shaermin Formation i.e. Sa’a’erming Formation. Shagang Formation ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology

of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 268. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Guangxi Geophysical Exploration Team Shagang in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Miocene. Shagou Formation ( ) Shagou Fossil Otters-bearing Beds Zhou Mingzhen, 1961, Vertebrata Palasiatica, (2): 164-167 Shagou village, Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province For purple sands, sandy mudstone with interbeds of lignite beds Pliocene.

Shagouping Formation ( ) Yang Zhihua, 1991, Tectonic Lithofacies and Mineralization in Marginal Transformed Basin, Beijing: Science Press Shagouping in Shaanxi Province Early-

Late Devonian.

952

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shaguoyao Sandstone () Chang Jianglin, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou ed., 1992, Late Paleozoic Sedimentary Environments and Coal Accumulation, Book Series on Earth Sciences of Shanxi, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 13 Shaguoyao in Yuxian County, Shanxi Province For sandstone Early Permian. Shahai Formation (

) Shahai Shale Muroi W, 1940, Fushin and Lingyuan Districts, Guide Book to No.2 Excursion, Geol. Conf. Manchu., 28-29 Shahai village in Fuxin County, Liaoning Province For a coal series composed mainly of sandstone and shales Late Jurassic. Shahe Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 112. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Yu Risheng Shahe in Lianyuan County, Hunan Province For marls, shale and muddy limestone, with interbeds of limestone Mid Devonian. Shahechang Formation ( ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Shahechang in Baoshan County, Yunnan province For grayish green, light green gray silty, calcareous banded shale and siltstone, with interbeds of oolitic limestone with interbeds of muddy bands Late Cambrian Synonymous with Liushui Formation. Shahejie Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Shandong Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional

Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Shandong Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Jia Zhonghui, Ma Zaitian & Shuai Defu Shahejie in Shanghe County, Shandong Province For brownish red, grayish green and gray sandstone and mudstone Eocene-Oligocene. Shahotzu Formation ( ) Shahotzu Coal-bearing Beds Sakaguchi S, 1943, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 50(595): 103-110 Shahezi (Shahotzu) in Changtu County, Liaoning Province For a coal-bearing series composed of alternating beds of yellow and black shale, sandy shale and conglomerate Late Jurassic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Shahotzu Group. Shahotzu Group ( ) Shahotzu Series Sakaguchi S, 1943, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 50(595): 103110 Shahezi (Shahotzu) in Changtu County, Liaoning Province For the sum of Shahotzu Coal-bearing Beds and Tatientze Volcanics Late Jurassic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Shahotzu Formation.

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Shahu Formation (

) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Rao Jiaguang Shahu in Yangchun Area, Guangdong Province Early Permian. Shaiwa Formation (5 ) Shaiwa Group Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 272. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team Shaiwa village, northwest of Sidazhai. Houchang area, Ziyun County, Guizhou Province Composed of thin-bedded silicalite, clay stone, siltstone with interbeds of mudstone, marls and limestone lenticle Late Permian Baxian Formation in Zhenning, Guizhou, Linghao Formation in Longlin, Guangxi are not the subdivisions of the Shaiwa Formation. Shaiwusu Formation (5) No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Aohan Sheet Shaiwusu in Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For crystalline limestone, reef limestone and marls, with interbeds of slate and volcanic rocks Mid Silurian.

Shaiyiling Formation (5) Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, 1959(11) Shaiyiling at the northern slope of the Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province For dolomitic limestone, quartzite, quartz schist with interbeds of andesite Proterozoic. Shajiao Formation ( ) Chen Peihong, 1987, Pearl River, (6) Shajiao in Guangdong Province Holocene. Shajing Formation ( ) Huang Zhenguo, Li Pingri, Zhang Zhongying, Li Konghong, Qiao Pengnian, Song Yongqiang, 1983, Geomorphy of Shenzhen, Guangzhou: Guangzhou Science and Technology Press Shajing in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province For gray mud-bearing siltstone and silty clay Holocene Homonymous with Shaching Formation. Shajing Group () Shajing Formation Zhou Zhiyi, Ni Yunan, 1995, Ordovician Stratigraphy and the Outline of Paleogeography, in Zhou Zhiyi et al., 1995, Starigraphy, Paleogeography and Plate Tectonics, Nanjing: Nanking University Press, 43-76. First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Shajing

954

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

in Mazongshan, Subei County, Gansu Province For quartzose sandstone, finegrained sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of carbonaceous and sandy shale, phyllite, silicalite and sandstone lenticle Early Ordovician A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Shajingzi Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shajingzi close to Yingan village, Keping County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, grayish green mudstone, siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate, with carbonaceous mudstone and lignite beds locally Late Permian. Shaksgam Formation ( ) Auden J B, 1938, Geological Results, in Shipton E (ed.): The Shaksgam Expedition, 1937, Geogr. Jour., 91, 335-336, London Shaksgam in Luokezong, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For sandstone, shale, limestone and marls Permian. Shakuan Complex (“ ” ) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 453 Shakuan in southeastern Jiangxi Province For granite, gneiss Archean. Shakuotun Speleothem ( 

) Shakuotun Cave Deposits Andersson J G, 1923, Essays on the Cenozoic of North China, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (3) Shaguotun (Sakuotun) close to Nanpiao, Jinxi County, 36 km west of Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province For speleothem Holocene Homonymous with Sahkuotun Limestone. Shalaxibie Formation (  !) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Ge-

ology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 37. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Ningxia Special Topic Group of Iron Mining Shalaxibie in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a component formation within the Alxa Group Palaeoproterozoic. Shaleisai’erke Formation ( .) No.9 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mulei Sheet Shaleisai’erke close to Kazhaguole, Mulei County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For greywacke, siltstone, volcanic tuffite, conglomerate and biolimestone Late Carboniferous. Shalgandaban Formation ( ) Shalgandaban Series Norin E, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, 192 Shalgandaban village, 70 km west of Ku’erle Town, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Re-

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gion For dark blue and black limestone with interbeds of aluminous shale and gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone Early carboniferous. Shalitashi Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shalitashi in Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone, siltstone and grayish black carbonaceous mudstone Early Jurassic. Shaliuhe Formation ( ) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 58 Shaliuhe in Gansu Province For quartz schist and gneiss Presinian. Shaliushui Formation ( &) No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuwei Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by No.603 Gansu Geology Team Shaliushui close to Yonganpu, Jingyuan County, Gansu Province For the strata upon the unconformity within the original Laochunshan Conglomerate Early Carboniferous. Shalong Formation ( ) No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mangkang Sheet, Yanjing Sheet Shalong in Zuogong County, Yunnan Province For basalt, basaltic tuffite with interbeds of clastic rocks and limestone lenticles Late Permian.

Shalonglieding Formation ( ') Shalonglieding Sandstone and Shale Series Yang Jingzhi, Sheng Jinzhang, Wu

Wangshi, Lu Linhuang, 1962, The Carboniferous of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Wang Wenbin Shalonglieding close to Ta’erma, 100 km south of Qilin lake, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish green or grayish black aluminous shale with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone and quartzose sandstone Early Carboniferous(?). Shama’ershayi Formation (  ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mulei Sheet Shama’ershayi, west of Yangbulake, Mulei County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, yellowish green purplish

red clastic rocks, biolimestone, oolitic limestone, sandy limestone, with interbeds of volcanic rocks, volcanic breccias, and with a few mudstones and silicalites Late Carboniferous.

956

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shamao Formation (6) Hsieh C Y, Chao Y T, 1925, A study of the Silurian Section at Lo Jo Ping, West Hupeh, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(1): 39-44 Shamao Hills, 40 km north of Yichang City, Hubei Province For yellowish green shale, silty mudstone with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone, grayish green quartzose sandstone Early Sil-

urian. Shamola Group (7) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze, Yandong Sheet Shamola in Tibet Autonomous Region For carbonate rocks Mid-Late Devonian A group without any forma-

tions deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Shamoluo Formation (

#) Shamuluo Formation Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Shamoluo, south of Yanhu area, Geji County, Tibet Autonomous Region For white quartzose sand-

stone, gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of calcareous shale and biolimestone Late Jurassic. Shamu Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Deqin Sheet Shamu close to Dajigong, Adengge Township, Deqin County, Yunnan Province Dark purple andesite, tuffite with interbeds of volcanic breccia and thin-bedded sandstone and conglomerate Late Permian.

Shan’aoding Group () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hefei, Dingyuan Sheet Shan’aoding close to Tangshan, northeast of Bantang, Chaohu City, Anhui Province For a set of Mid-Late Cambrian dolomite part within the local originally so-called Lunshan Formation MidLate Cambrian Sahwading Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronos-

tratigraphic meaning. Shancaoyu Formation ( ) Cheng Y C et al., 1977, Bulletin of Geology of Institute, Chinese Academy of Ge-

ological Sciences, (3), serial no.12. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Shancaoyu in Xintai City, Shandong Province A component formation of Taishan Group, for gneiss, leptynite and amphibolites Archean. Shanchengzi Formation () Zhou Shitai, 1978, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Northeast China, (3) Shanchengzi in Benxi County, Liaoning Province For the lowermost formation within the so-called Middle Anshan Group Archean.

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Shanchiaonanshan Sandstone () Tomita Y, 1935, The minor thrust and intraformational corrugation in the middle stream of Tsengwenchi, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 6(9) Shanchiaonanshan, south of Dapu, Chiayi County, Taiwan Province For sandstone Miocene.

Shanda Gol Formation i.e. Hsanda Gol Formation. Shandan Group () Liang Jiande, Yang Zucai, 1980, Geological Review, 26(1): 7-15 Shandan County, Gansu Province Early Permian.

Shandaogou Formation () Shandaogou Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1935, Contri. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohuku Imp. Univ., (13): 1-84 Shandaogou in Liaoning Province For coal-

bearing strata. Shandingdong Speleothem (

) Beijing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Beijing Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.27], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 254 Shandingdong in Longgushan, Zhoukoudian, Fangshan County, Beijing Municipality For cave deposits composed of limestone breccia, yellow silty clay with interbeds of cultural beds Pleistocene. Shanfangpu Gravel () Barbour G B, 1924, Preliminary observation in the Kalgan area, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(2): 153-168 Shanfangpu close to Zhangjiakou (Kalgan), Hebei Province For red coarse-grained conglomerate, with cross beds-bearing gravel and pebbles Cretaceous Synonym: Kalgan Gravel.

Shangba Formation () Wang Keyong, 1984, Regional Geology of Guizhou, 1(2) Shangba close to Shinao, Panxian County, Guizhou Province For brownish red conglomerate and particoloured gravel-bearing sandy mudstone, with coal seams Oligocene Shangba

Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shangbaduo Gravel Beds (") Guizhou Working Team of Stratigrapy and Paleontology, 1977, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shangbaduo village, southwest of Dahe, Sandu County, Guizhou Province For brownish yellow, grayish yellow gravel beds, yellowish brown sands Pleistocene A bed cut oneself off from the formation or member.

958

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shangbaochong Formation (8) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Shangbaochong, 24 km northeast of Liling County, Hunan Province For grayish white quartzose sandstone, siltstone, sandy shale, with interbeds of conglomerate and carbonaceous shale, sandy marls and shale Early Carboniferous. Shangcang Basalt ( ) Zhang Zhenggui, 1976, Newsletter of Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Southwestern China, (8): 42 Shangcang in Binchuan County, Yunnan Province For basalt Early Permian Shangcang Basalt is the form of lithostratigraphic unit

with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shangchangyuan Formation () Shangchangyuan Limestone Ting Y, 1935, Preliminary report of geology of Tongling and Xiuning, Brief Report of Mineral Survey Shanchangyuan in Qimen area, Xiuning County, Anhui Province For dark gray banded siliceous beds, siliceous limestone and limestone Sinian Shangchangyuan Formation is a name

oblium. Shangchao Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yin Baoan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (45), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 128. First appeared in a manuscript by No.4 Guangxi Geology Team Shangchao Town in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For sandstone with interbeds of mudstone and marls Early Carboniferous. Shangcheng Group (9) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangcheng Sheet Shangcheng County, Henan Province For the sum of Waimiao Formation and Shimenchong Formation Mesoprotero-

zoic. Shangchi Formation () Shangchi Chlorite Schist Lee C, Lee Y Y, 1930, Annual General Report of 1930 of Academia Sinica of Shangxi (Shangchi) village (not Shangchikou, south-

west of Xiuning County), close to Lantian, northwest of Xiuning County, Anhui Province For grayish green, yellowish gray phyllite, slate and tuffaceous sandstone Sinian(?) Synonym: Xikou Formation.

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Shangchiaoshan Group () i.e. Shuangjiaoshan Group. Shangchuan Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qinglong Sheet Shangchuan in Qianxi County, Hebei Province Dealing with a component formation within the Taipingzhai Subgroup of Qianxi Group, for granulite with interbeds of ultrabasic rocks Archean.

Shangchuling Formation () Kao P, Hsu K C, (1940)1943, Geology of West Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (16): 11 Shangzhuling (Shangchuling) in Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province For sandstone and quartzite Late Devonian.

Shangcun Formation (8) Shangcun Beds Teaching and Research Room of Coal Field, Wuhan College of Geology, 1981, Geology of Coal Field, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 149. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by No.130 Team of Central–South BureauGeneral of Coal Field Geology Shangcun in Gaozhou County, Guangdong Province For gray, grayish black mudstone, oil shale and siltstone with interbeds of limestone Miocene. Shangdang Formation () Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Geology of NanjingZhenjiang Mountain, Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 141. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team Shangdang in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province For grayish white andesite, breccia tuff with interbeds of purplish red muddy siltstone Late Cretaceous. Shangdeng Formation () Yuan F L, Tu H C, 1984, Cenozoic Biostratigraphy of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shangdeng in Jianchuan County, Yunnan Province For brownish yellow coarse-to fine-grained sand beds, alternating beds of parti-coloured clay and silty clay Holocene. Shangdianfang Formation ( ) Wang Zhendong, 1998, in Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Ma Xinghua ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (61), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shaanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 16 Shangdianfang in Shaanxi Province For quartz schist with interbeds of amphibolites, leptynite and marble Palaeoproterozoic. Shangdimiao Formation (#) Lin Shiji, 1982, Classification and Correlation of Glacial Epoch and Interglacial Epoch of Guizhou Plateau, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982,

960

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 176-178 Shangdimiao close to Weining County, Guizhou Province For brownish yellow clayey silt beds, black paleosol beds and brownish red to brownish yellow clay beds Pleistocene-Holocene. Shangdong Formation ( ) Li Hanming, 1995, Guangdong Geology, 10(1): 72. First appeared in a manuscript by No.704 Guangdong Geology Team Shangdong in Gaozhou County, Guangdong Province For rhythmic beds composed of conglomerate, breccia, rudite, sandstone, siltstone, sandy clay and clay stone Paleocene.

Shangdu Formation (9) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangdu Sheet Shangdu in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Pliocene.

Shangfeng Formation () Gong Shifu, Lin Jinxiong, 1987, Geology of Fujian, 6(2): 71-107 Shangfeng in Fujian Province Precambrian.

Shangfu Gravel () Chen K T, Chong Y H, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (2), pt.2, 5 Shangfu in Fengxin County, Jiangxi Province For gravels beds Quaternary.

Shanggaizi Diamictite () Shanggaizi Tillite Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory Text for 1:1 500 000

Scale of Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 13, 28, table 2 Shanggaizi in Gonggeer Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For boulder and sands Pleistocene. Shanggou Formation () Wang, Dongpo, Li Quan, 1965, in North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of

Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, 7578 Shanggou village in Lvshun City, Liaoning Province For tuffite, tuffaceous siltstone and conglomerate Mesoproterozoic. Shanghai Formation ( ) Shanghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Shanghai Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.16]. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Wuxi Laboratory of Geological Central, Ministry of Geology Shanghai Municipality For ooze clay Holocene Homonymous with Shanghai Gravel Beds.

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Shanghai Gravel Beds ( ) Sun Yongfu, 1966, Geological Review, 24(3): 202-210 Shanghai Municipality For grayish white gravels beds Pleistocene Homonym: Shanghai Formation. Shanghu Formation ( ) Shanghu Member Tong Yongsheng, Zhang Yuping, Wan Banyue, Ding Suyin, 1976, The Lower Tertiary of the Nanxiong and Chijiang Basin, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 14(1):16-25. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Zhou Mingzhen (Zhou et al.’s paper was published in 1977 in Palaeontologia Sinica, new series C, serial no.153, (20), Beijing: Science Press) Shanghu in Hukou Township, Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province Dealing with the lower member of Luofozhai Formation, for purplish red or brownish red sandy mudstone, mudstone with interbeds of sandstone, thin-bedded rudite and lenticle Paleocene. Shanghuang Speleothem (

) Shanghuang Fissure Deposits Qi Tao, Zong Guanfu, Wang Qingyuan, 1991, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 21(1): 59-63 Shanghuang Town in Liyang County, Jiangsu Province For grayish white fine-grained conglomerate, coarse-grained sand and yellow or red sandy clay Eocene. Shangji Formation () Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geolog,

1961, General Report on Regional Geological Survey of 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang District, Henan Province Shangji in Xichuan County, Henan Province For alternating beds of grayish brown, grayish white dolomitic limestone and black dolomitic limestone Early Carboniferous Synonym: Xiaji Formation. Shangjialing Formation () No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shandan Sheet Shangjialing in Longxi County, Gansu Province Late Carboniferous Synonymous with Dongzhakou Formation.

Shangkuan Formation ( ) Mo C S, 1944, The Earth, First Issue, 65 Shangguan (Shangkuan) in Dali County, Yunnan Province Triassic. Shangkuli Formation ( ) No.2 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Genhe Sheet, Sanhezhen Sheet Shangkuli village in Ergum You Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a set of rhyolitic-andesitic volcanic lava and volcanic sediments Late Jurassic. Shanglan Formation () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lanping Sheet Shanglan in Jianchuan County,

962

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yunnan Province For grayish green fine-grained sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of shale and limestone Mid Triassic Synonymous with Weixi Group. Shanglankeng Member ( ) Zhang Wei, 1994, Guangdong Geology, 9(2) Shanglankeng in Guangdong Province Early Jurassic.

Shangliang Formation (!) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjiang Sheet Shangliang in Nanjiang County, Sichuan Province For metamorphic volcanic rock, tuffite and marble Mesoproterozoic. Shanglongqiao Formation () Shanglongqiao Series Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 53. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Western Zhejiang Stratigraphy Team Shanglongqiao close to Lijia, Shouchang County, Zhejiang Province For red sediments without coal seams Late Triassic. Shanglongshui Formation () Wang Baochen. 1986, Regional Geology of Guangdong, (2) Shanglongshui in Huishui County, Guangdong Province For grayish white, grayish black mudstone with interbeds of siltstone, with rudite occasionally Early Jurassic. Shanglun Dolomite (( ) Liu Jinrong, 1975, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Guangxi, (1): 4-13 Shanglun village in Miaohuang Township, Xiangzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For dark gray dolomite with interbeds of limestone Mid Devonian. Shangluoyu Quartzite () Han Yingshan, Yan Lianquan, 1952, Report on Geology and Mineral Resources Survey of Western Henan, Kaifeng Element Central-South Geological Survey Shangluoyu in Henan Province For light yellow sandstone with interbeds of green shales, and with quartzose sandstone in the lower part Presinian. Shangmaoniuping Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Stratigraphy and Paleontology Group of Yunnan Laboratory Shangmaoniuping in Yongsheng County, Yunnan Province For black limestone with interbeds of paper oil shale Late Devonian. Shangmiaoling Quartzite (8) Sun C C, 1934, Geology of the Yuhsien and Mihsien Coal Field, Honan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (24): 5 Shangmiaoling close to Chaohua Town, Mixian

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County, Henan Province For white, pink and gray or grayish white quartzite Presinian. Shangou Limestone (!) Li Runlan, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou ed., 1992, Late Paleozoic Sedimentary En-

vironments and Coal Accumulation, Book Series on Earth Sciences of Shanxi, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 8 Shangou close to Xiaodonggou, Jincheng County, Shanxi Province For a bed of light to dark gray medium thick-bedded limestone within the Shangou Member Early Permian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Shangou Member. Shangou Member (!) Chang Jianglin, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou ed., 1992, Late Paleozoic Sedimentary

Environments and Coal Accumulation, Book Series on Earth Sciences of Shanxi, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 7, 8,13 Shangou close to Xiaodonggou, Jincheng County, Shanxi Province A member included the Shangou Limestone with the same name Early Permian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Shangou Limestone. Shang’ouchong Formation (0) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing Sheet Shang’ouchong in Langyashan, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province For gray dolomitic limestone Early Ordovician.

Shangpanhe Formation () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongxin Sheet Shangpanhe in Jiangxi Province Late

Ordovician. Shangpingfang Formation ( ) Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 36. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Chengde Integrative Geology Team Shangpingfang close to Pingquan, Chengde City, Hebei Province For gneiss and leucogranulite Archean. Shangpu Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fuping Sheet Shangpu in Laiyuan County, Hebei Province A component formation of the local Wutai Group, for leptynite with interbeds of schist, with quartzose sandstone in the bottom Archean.

964

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shangrao Formation (%) Li Fuyu, 1986, The Shangrao Formation in the area to the south of Shangrao, Jiangxi, Journal of Stratigraphy, 10(4): 298-303 Shangrao County, Jiangxi Province For sum of Mingshan Silicalite Beds, Chetou Formation etc. Permian.

Shangshi Formation () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yichun Sheet, Jiangxi Bureau of Geology Shangshi village in Yuankeng Township, Fenyi County, Jiangxi Province For grayish green phyllite with interbeds of metamorphic sandstone Sinian.

Shangshu Formation () Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Quxian Sheet Shangshu (today Shanzhi) village, Xiaoshan County, Zhejiang Province A formation within the top of the Heshangzhen Group, for andesitic basalt with interbeds of tuffaceous breccia Neoproterozoic.

Shangshuanghe Formation ( ) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qujing Sheet Shangshuanghe close to Xichong, Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province For dolomite with interbeds of dolomitic mudstone Mid Devonian.

Shangsi Formation (1) ( 1) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology,

1961, General Report on Regional Geological Survey of 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang District, Henan Province. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Henan Petroleum Geology Team Shangsi in Cangfang Township, Xichuan County, Henan Province For grayish brown thick-bedded conglomerate with interbeds of brownish red mudstone Oligocene Homonym: Shangsi Formation (2). Shangsi Formation (2) ( 2) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Shangsi in Sichuan Province Late Permian Homonymous with Shangsi Formation (1); Shangsi Formation (2) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

Shangssu Formation ( ) Shangssu Series Ting V K, 1931, On the Stratigraphy of the Fengninian System, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 10(1): 31-48 Shangsi (Shangssu), 25 km south of Dushan County, Guizhou Province For limestone with black carbonaceous shale and quartzite Early Carboniferous.

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Shangtan Formation () Gu Zugang et al., 1992, Journal of Stratigraphy, 16(2). First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by Qinghai Integrative Geology Research Team Shangtan in Luopingzang valley, Hualong County, Qinghai Province For bluish gray, yellow, brownish red conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Pliocene.

Shangtao Formation ($) Shangtao Coal-bearing Formation Ho C S, Chan H F, Pan C W, Yang Y T, 1953, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (6) Shangtao, southeast of Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For coal-bearing series Miocene. Shangtaogou Conglomerate (

)

Zhang Erdao, 1965, in North China Institute of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution

to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, North China Institute of Geology, 155 Shangtaogou in Zhongtiaoshan Mountain Area, Shanxi Province For conglomerate and quartzite Proterozoic. Shangtian Formation ( ) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Qichang ed.), 1996, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (64), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 77. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Regional Geological Survey Team, Xi’an College of Geology Shangtian close to Ruqigou, Pingluo County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For grayish green, dark gray arkose, muddy siltstone and mudstone Triassic. Shangtsin Formation ( ) Shangtsin Series Li C, Chu S, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (9): 62 Shangjin (Shangtsin) at the southern slope of Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province For silver gray slate and phyllite Silurian.

Shangtsun Formation () Shangtsun Series Pien C S, 1940, Geology of Tameishan Coal Field, Sungmin & Iliang, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Shangcun (Shangtsun) close to Erlongxizhu, 14 km northeast of Kebaocun, Yiliang County, Yunnan Province For purple and green shale with interbeds of sandstone Silurian. Shanguqi Formation (8) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 158 Shanguqi, 6 km southeast of Kaishantun Town, Yanji City, Jilin Province A lower component formation of the Kedao Group, for rhythmic beds composed of gray, purplish gray conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone and sandstone Early Permian.

966

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shangxikeng Formation ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 187 Shangxikeng in Mashan Township. Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province For grayish white silicalite, with interbeds of quartzite siltstone and shale Carboniferous. Shangxinqiao Formation ( ) Li Xingxue, He Yan, He Dechang, Xu Fuxiang, 1963, Contribution to Academic

Reports of National Stratigraphical Conference, Stratigraphical Spot Meeting of Western Zhejiang, Beijing: Science Press, 57-86 Shangxinqiao close to Lijia, Shouchang County, western Zhejiang Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Shangyang Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology

of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 268. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Zhong Keng Shangyang in Hepu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Paleocene. Shangyanghe Formation () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongxin Sheet Shangyanghe in Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province For sandy slate Ordovician.

Shangyangxi Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaguan Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Shangyangxi in Diancangshan Area, Yunnan Province For a component formation of the Tsang Shan Group Proterozoic or Cambrian-Ordovician. Shangyaopo Formation () Wang C C, Chi Y S, 1933, The Coal Field of Mentoukou, West of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 12(3): 399-412 Shangyaopo in Mentougou, Western Hills, Beijing Municipality Early Jurassic.

Shangyeyu Sandstone () Hu Xilian et al., 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-Spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press, 4-7 Shangyeyu, southwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For sandstone Late Carboniferous-Permian.

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Shangyu Member () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet Shangyu in Shandong Province Early Ordovician.

Shangyuan Group (8) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nancheng Sheet Shangyuan County, Jiangxi Province Sinian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of

stratigraphical classification. Shangyueshan Member ( ) Yin Baoan, Zhou Jiang, Zhang Ruiling, 1987, Observation Guide of 11th In-

ternational Conference of Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology, 1987, Beijing, China, (6) Shangyueshan close to Tangjiawan, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region A component member of Yaiyunling Formation, for blackish gray thin-bedded limestone, with interbeds of chert nodule or bands Early Carboniferous. Shangyupo Schist ( ) Ma Xingyuan, 1957, Acta Geologica Sinica, 37(1): 11-32 Shangyupo in Shanxi Province For schist Archean.

Shangzhangfangtai Member () Shangzhangfangtai Sand and Gravel Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classi-

fication of Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qinghai Area, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 23-30 Shangzhangfangtai close to Ledu County, Qinghai Province For the sands and gravel beds within the lower part of the Ledu formation Pleistocene. Shangzhi Group (8) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Qu Guansheng ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (23), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Heilongjiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 88 Shangzhi County, Heilongjiang Province For the sum of Baoquan Formation, Xiaojingou Formation and Daqing Formation Early Ordovician. Shangzhuang Formation () Li Jijun et al., 1996, Science in China, D: Earch Sciences, 26(4): 316-322 Shangzhuang in Linchuan County, Gansu Province For fluvial sediments Tertiary Shangzhuang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-

lithostratigraphic meaning.

968

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shanheila Formation ( ) Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, Xu Changcheng, 1984, Geological Review, 30(2): 95-105Shanheila close to Dashetai, Wulate Qian Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For thick-bedded massive limestone and thin-bedded limestone, with interbeds of sandy limestone and siltstone occasionally Early Ordovician Shanheila Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shanhou Member () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Shanhou in Yunnan Province For a component member within the Xichong Formation (1) Mid Devonian. Shanhuhe Formation (:) Fan Yingnian, 1988, The Carboniferous of Tibet, Chongqing: Chongqing Press. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.1 Tibet Geology Team Shanhuhe close to Machala, Leiwuqi County, Qamdo Area, Tibet Autonomous Region A component formation of Machala Group, for coal-bearing clastic rocks Early Carbonif-

erous. Shanhujing Formation (:) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shanhujing in Subei County, Gansu Province For alternating beds of gray, grayish green gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone, feldspathic quartzose sandstone, fine-grained sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone and carbonaceous shale Late Triassic Homonymous with Erduanjing Formation. Shanjiang Formation ( ) Yu Changmin, Liao Weihua, 1978, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 17(3). First

appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Duan Yanxue, Li Dingrong & Leng Chonglin Shanjiang close to Alengchu, Lijiang County, Yunnan Province For dark gray limestone with interbeds of calcareous shales Early Devonian Shanjiang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shankou Formation () Kao P, Hsu K C, (1940) 1943, Geology of West Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (16) Shankou village, 20 km south of Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province Mid Devonian. Shankuan Formation (; ) Shankuan Series Tan H C, Wang S W, 1930, Geological Reconnaissance along the Projected Railway Line from Nanchang to Fuchow, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14): 1-6 Shanguanling (Shankuan) Mountain between Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province Archean.

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Shanliang Gravel Beds () Yuan F L, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(2): 113-132 Shanliang, east of Shuangjingzi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish yellow, grayish green conglomerate, gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone with interbeds of siltstone, shale and coal seams Early Carboniferous. Shanmenjie Member () Shanmenjie Formation Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 209 Shanmenjie in Pingshan County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with a component member within the Lianhua Formation, for gravel beds, clay, with peat beds in the base Pleistocene. Shanmupingzi Formation (;) No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yanbian Sheet, Leibo Sheet Shanmupingzi in Sichuan Province Mid Triassic.

Shanpianshan Formation (<) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 74. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Shanpianshan in Gumu area, Wenshan County, Yunnan Province For dark gray bioclastic limestone and oolitic limestone Early Ordovician. Shanpingshang Formation () Yang Jialu, Li Yujing, et al., 1991, Cambriam Stratigraphic Geography and Trilo-

bita Fauna of Eastern Qinling-Dabashan, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Shanpingshang in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province Sinian-Cambrian Shanpingshang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shanpoling Subformation (<) Chen Jinbiao et al., 1980, in Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 69. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Tianjin Integrative Geology Research Team Shanpoling in Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For a subdivision of the Wumishan Formation Mesoproterozoic. Shanpu Formation () Shanpu Series Lee C, 1928, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (3) Shanpo (Shanpu) Station on the railway from Beijing to Guangzhou, Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province For a set of sandstone-bearing shale Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shanqian Formation () Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Shanqian in Shandong Province Quaternary If the word “Shanqian” only refers to a geographic location rather than a geographic name, it will be an unavailable name. Shanqiandian Formation ( ) Pan Zhaoren et al., 1990, Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Spore-Pollen Assemblage of Shandong, in Contribution to the Stratigraphy and Paleontology in Oil and Gas Area, China (2), Series: Oil and Gas of Shandong, Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press Shanqiandian in Shandong Province Early Cretaceous.

Shanqingcun Formation (#) Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 248. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.3 Shaanxi Team of Geological Survey and Exploration Shanqing village in Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of brownish red mudstone and sandy mudstone Oligocene. Shanshenmiao Conglomerate () Wang C C, Lee, Y Y, 1938, Geology of the Yangchiatun Coal Field, west of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (31) Shanshenmiao close to Yinshan, west of Yangjiatun (Yangchiatun), Western Hills, Beijing Municipality  For conglomerate Carboniferous-Permian. Shanshulin Formation (;) Shanshulin Series Pien C H, 1943, Temporary Report of Southwestern De-

partment of Mineral Survey and Exploration, Commission on Natural Resources Shanshulin in Xiuwen County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of slate, phyllite and siliceous, dolomitic limestone Early Cambrian. Shansi Formation ( ) Shansi Series Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis and Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol. I, pt.1, 99-152 Shanxi (Shansi) Province For grayish black shale, sandy shale, gray fine-grained to medium-grained sandstone, with important coal seams in middle part Permian. Shantung Gneiss () Richthofen F von, 1882, China, bd.II, 376 Shandong (Shantung) Province For gneiss Archean Homonym: Shantung Group. Shantung Group () Shantung Series Onuki Y, 1944, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 51(605): 78-79 Shandong (Shantung) Province For the sum of Changchiu Formation, Poshan

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Formation, Tzechuan Formation, Heishan Formation (2), Wanshan Formation, Takueishan Formation, Hsiaofuho Formation and Kunlun Formation Late CarboniferousPermian Homonymous with Shantung Gneiss. Shantzechiao Group () Shantzechiao was Romanized as Sanshikyaku by the Japanese (LSI) Tan K, 1929, On the Stratigraphy of the Shantzechiao District, Taiwan, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 19(105) Shantzechiao, southwest of Taipei County, Taiwan Province To include four parts: upper marine fossil beds, upper coal-bearing beds, lower marine fossil beds, and lower coal-bearing beds Miocene. Shanwang Formation () Shanwang Series Young C C, 1936, On the Cenozoic Geology of Itu, Changlo & Linchu, Shantung, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(2): 171-188 Shanwang village in Linqu (Linchu) County, Shandong Province For tuffaceous shale, sandstone, with interbeds of diatomite beds, with sandstone and conglomerate beds in the upper part Miocene. Shanxiacun Formation () Li Hanmin, 1997, Guangdong Geology, 12(2) Shanxiacun in Guangdong Province For silt with interbeds of mud and brownish yellow silt within the bottom of gravel Pleistocene.

Shanxiuling Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yanji City Sheet Shanxiuling, southwest of Kaishantun Town, Yanji Chaoxian Autonomous County, Jilin Province For grayish white, dark gray limestone, siliceous banded limestone, muddy limestone with interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone Late Carboniferous-Permian. Shanxiyao Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 254 Shanxiyao in Zhijiang County, Hubei Province For gravel beds, sand beds with interbeds of lenticular sand and red clay Pleistocene. Shanyang Formation () Xue Xiangxi, 1987, Bulletin of Northwest University (Nature Sciences), 17(3) Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of brownish red, and lateritic red sandy mudstone, rudite beds Cretaceous-Paleocene .

Shanzhangjia Formation () Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Weifang Sheet Shanzhangjia in Shandong Province For a component formation of the Fentsushan Group Palaeoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shanzigou Formation () Huo Fuchen et al., 1989, Introduction to Geology of Ningxia, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Zheng Zhaochang & Li Yuzhen Shanzigou at the eastern foot of Helanshan Mountain, west of Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For slate, siltstone, quartzose sandstone with interbeds of limestone Mid Ordovician. Shaodong Formation () Shaodong Member Hou Hongfei, 1962, Abstract of 11th Session, Annual Congress of Palaeontological Society of China, 37 Shaodong County, Hunan Province For shale, siltstone, and fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of limestone and marls Late Devonian. Shaofanggou Formation () Zhu Xiufang, 1989, Permo-Triassic Section of Northern Sichuan and Southern Shaanxi, in Li Zishun et al., 1989, Study on the Permian-Triassic Biostratigraphy and Event Stratigraphy of Northern Sichuan and Southern Shaanxi [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (2)Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 25, 34 Shaofanggou in Yankou Area, 7 km southeast of Xixiang County, Shaanxi Province For rich muddy and organic silicalite Late Permian Homonymous with the Shaofangkou Formation Shaofangkou Formation () Shao Fang Kou Formation Yuan P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17 Shaofanggou (Shaofangkou) close to Fuyuan, west of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, grayish purple with interbeds of grayish green sandstone, siltstone, muddy siltstone and rudite Early-Mid Triassic Homonym: Shaofanggou Formation. Shaogang Group () Liang Dingyi, Wang Weiping, 1983, Preliminary Discussion on Carboniferous

and Permian Systems and Its Biofauna of Kangma and Quxia, Lazi, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shaogang in Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the sum of Langba Formation, Guzi Formation and Polinpu Formation Carboniferous. Shaoguotun Formation () No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Siping-Kangping Sheet Shaoguotun close to Xia’ertai, Changtu County, Jilin Province A component formation of Xia’ertai Group, for leptynite and quartz schist Late Ordovician. Shaohsing Tuff (6) Kao P, 1935, Note on the Geology of Eastern Chekiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (25) Shaoxing (Shaohsing) County For tuff Cretaceous.

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Shaohuotonggou Formation (!) Zhao Xiangsheng, Zhan Luti, Zou Xianghua, Wang Shuxi, Hu Yunxu, 1980,

Sinian Tillites in Northwest China and Their Stratigraphic Significance, in Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 164-185 Shaohuotonggou in Alxa You Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish green, purplish red diamictite, gravel-bearing phyllite and silty slate Sinian. Shaokuen Limestone ( ) Fong K L, Chu H S, 1927-1928, Preliminary Report on the Geology and Min-

eral Resources of Chu Chiang, Jen Hua, Nan Hsiung and Shih Hsing Districts of Northern Kwangtung, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.I, 29-54 Shaoguan (Shaokuen) City, Guangdong Province For limestone Early Carboniferous. Shaolinsi Formation () Wang Yuelun, 1960, Geological Review, 20(5): 191-197 Shaolinsi in Songshan, Henan Province For various-colored shale and marls Neoproterozoic.

Shaorenchang Shale () Wang Yuelun, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1/2): 73-94 Shaorenchang close to Dalongtan, Kunming City, Yunnan Province For yellow shale with interbeds of sandstone Early Cambrian.

Shaosilanganlong Formation () Li Zhangrong, Lu Yiju, et al., 1986, Carboniferous and Triassic of Buerhanbuda Mountain, Qinghai, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ed., 1986, Carboniferous and Triassic Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of the Southern Slope of Buerhanbuda Mountain, Qinghai, Hefei: Anhui Science and Technology Press Shaosilanganlong close to Aikenyamatuo, upper reaches of Nuomuhong River, Dulan County, Qinghai Province For grayish black biolimestone, siliceous limestone with interbeds of siltstone Late Carboniferous. Shaotangou Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi Sheet, Jingle Sheet Shaotangou close to Jiehekou, Lanxian County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the original Jiehekou Group, for gneiss Archean. Shaoyang Formation () Shaoyang Stage Wang Zhaoxin, Liang Chengli, Wang Xizeng, Han Tongxiang, 1966, Permian System of Lianyang and Shaoyang Districts, Hunan, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(1): 78-89 Shaoyang County, Hunan Province For a set of black carbonaceous and sandy shale with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone and

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

small amount of limestone lenticle Late Permian This is a typical example of making no distinction between “formation” and “stage”. Shaping Formation (1) (  1) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangxian Sheet Shaping in Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province For the local original Niu’erchuan Formation Devonian Homony-

mous with Shaping Member. Shaping Formation (2) (  2) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 228. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.13 Hubei Geology Team Shaping, west of Fangxian County, Hubei Province For two strata bodies with the same name and subordinate relationship Miocene Homonymous with Shaping Member. Shaping Member ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shaping in Shennongjia, Hubei Province For a component member of the Tiechanghe Formation Proterozoic Homonym: Shaping Formation, (1), (2). Shaqiaomu Formation () Wu Ruizhong, 1986, The Stratigraphic System of Qiangtang Area, Northern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (9), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shaqiaomu in Sewa area, Qerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For quartzose sandstone, mudstone and siltstone, with shell limestone Mid Jurassic. Shaqucun Formation ( $) Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jining Sheet Shaqucun in Jining City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a component formation within the Jining Group Archean. Shara Murun Formation ( () Berkey C P, Granger W, 1923, Amer. Mus. Novit., (77): 9 Shalamulun (Shara Murun) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of white gravel, sands, brownish red and green clay Eocene. Sharatsak Formation ( ) Norin E, 1937, The Sino-Swedish Expedition, vol.III, Geology, (1) Shala-sake (Sharatsak) valley, between Morin Orane Ula and Baldigen Davan Tagh, Kuruktag,

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Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a subdivision within the top of Yukkengol Formation, for calcareous and clay slate Sinian. Shashi Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 241. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Li Linli Shashi City, Hubei Province Dealing with the sum of second and third members, for black, purplish red mudstone with interbeds of salt rock, gypsum, with sandstone occasionally Paleocene Shashi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Shashihchieh Formation () Sha-shih-chieh Formation Grabau A W, 1928, Stratigraphy of China, pt. II, Mesozoic, 354, 771 Shashijie (Shashihchieh) in Anyuan, Pingxiang County, Jiangxi Province For shale Early Jurassic.

Shashishan Formation () Zhang Ridong, Yu Changmin, Lu Linhuang, Zhang Linxin, 1959, Memoirs of

Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, (2): 44-127 Shashishan in the eastern part of southern foot of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of marls, sandstone, with shale Late Devonian.

Shashuigang Formation ( ) Wu Qijun, Dong Lingling, 1993, Bulletin of Sun Yat-sen University (Natural Sciences), 32(1): 111-116 Shashuigang in Guangdong Province Late Devonian.

Shatan Member ( ) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1993, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xijiang Sheet Shatan in Sichuan Province Early Cambrian Synonymous with Chiungchusze Formation.

Shatang Formation ( ) Shatang Group Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Hainan Island Shatang close to Damao, Sanya City, Hainan province For light gray edgewise conglomerate with interbeds of banded fine-grained sandstone Early Ordovician.

Shatanhe Formation ( ) Shatanhe Beds Lee C, Lee Y Y, 1930, Geology of Southern Anhui and Geological Columnar Section of Tsinyang, Tiping, Shihtai, Shehsien, Hsiuning and Ihhsien, Anhui, Annual General Report of Academia Sinica of 1930 Shatanhe in Anhui Province Early Silurian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shatuna Formation ( ) No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Shatuna in Ranwu Township, Baxu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish green, gray, grayish purple quartz andesite and basalt, with interbeds of siliceous slate, sandstone and quartz conglomerate Late Carboniferous. Shatzetien Shale (  ) Tomita Y, 1935, The minor thrust and intraformational corrugation in the middle stream of Tsengwenchi, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 6(9). First appeared in a 1935 manuscript by Lin C C Shatzetien village, close to Yujinzhuang, Tainan County, Taiwan Province For shale Miocene-Pliocene. Shawan Formation (1) (  1) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shawan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A component formation of Changjihe Group, for brownish red mudstone, sandy mudstone, sandstone, conglomerate and limestone Oligocene-Miocene Homonymous with Shawan Member. Shawan Formation (2) (  2) No.2 Sichuan Geology Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Emei Sheet Shawan in Yunnan Province Early Jurassic Homonymous with Shawan Member. Shawan Member ( ) Zhang Zuqi, 1978, Geological Science and Technology, (6). First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Lin ZileShawan, 5 km north of Linjiang, Wenxian County, Gansu province For brown quartzose sandstone, calcareous sandstone, with interbeds of dark gray shale, siltstone, and muddy limestone Mid Devonian Homonym: Shawan Formation (1), (2). Shawanping Formation ( ) Nan Yi, 1994, Guangdong Geology, 4(2) Shawanping close to Wangsha, Xinyi County, Guangdong Province For green schist with interbeds of quartzite and phyllite Proterozoic. Shawotze Formation (

) Shawotze Dolomite Yoh S S, 1956. Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(4): 443-476 Shawozi (Shawotze) close to Ganxi, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province For dolomite Late Devonian Synonymous with Tangwangchai Limestone. Shaxian Formation ( ) Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Sanming Sheet Shaxian County, Fujian Province For

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purplish red siltstone, mudstone, with interbeds of rudite, quartzose sandstone, yellowish green siltstone and tuffite Late Cretaceous. Shayilike Formation ( ) Cheng Shoude, 1979, Regional Geological Survey of Xinjiang, (1): 2-37. First

appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Keping Group of Stratigraphy, No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Shayilike, 50 km northeast of Keping County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with the Mid Cambrian part within the original Awatag Series, for carbonate rock Mid Cambrian Shayilike Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Shazaohe Formation ( ) Shazaohe Series, geographic name Shazaohe was Romanized as Chatszaokhe by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 136, chart 32. First appeared in a 1952 manuscript by Meng Qinglin Shazaohe in Chaoshui Basin, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For brownish red breccia, grayish green conglomerate Cretaceous.

Shazhenxi Formation ( ) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Chen ChuzhenShazhenxi in Zigui County, Hubei Province For the part of Late Triassic coal-bearing strata within the original Hsiangchi Group Late Triassic Shazhenxi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Shazhuanong Diamictite ( ) Shazhuanong Till Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Re-

gional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 254 Shazhuanong at the eastern slope of Ayisongriju, Ge’er County, Tibet Autonomous Region For brownish red, garish yellow diamictite Pleistocene. Shazigou Formation ( ) Zhang Mingfa, Kang Peiquan, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingren, Anlong Sheet Shazigou in Zhenning County, Guizhou Province For black shale, clay stone with interbeds of thin-bedded silicalite and marls Early Carboniferous.

Shazijing Formation ( ) Bai Yunshan, Peng Xiangping, 1997, Xinjiang Geology, 17(3) Shazijing, southeast of Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of black limestone and crystalline marbles Mesoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shazijing Formation () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dali Sheet Shazijing in Yunnan Province For silicalite with interbeds of siliceous shale and limestone lenticle Late Devonian.

Shazipo Formation ( ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luxi Sheet Shazipo close to Nongkan, Luxi County, Yunnan Province For gray, light gray, dark gray, grayish white limestone, dolomitic limestone and marls with interbeds of shale Permian.

Shazishan Formation ( ) Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 98 Shazishan in northwestern Hailaer Basin, Heilongjiang Province For brown-

ish yellow, grayish yellow grayish green thin-grained sandstone and conglomerate Pleistocene.

Shazitang Formation ( ) Wu Wangshi, Zhang Linxin, Wang Keliang, 1979, On the Upper Carboniferous

Series and the Upper Boundary of Carboniferous System of Pu’an and Qinglong, Guizhou, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 1979, Biostratigraphy in Carbonate Rocks of Southwest China, Beijing: Science Press Shazitang, 2 km north of Longyin, Pu’an County, Guizhou Province For thick-bedded fine-grained crystalline limestone Late Carboniferous. Shedian Formation ( ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dayao Sheet Shedian in Dayao County, Yunan Province For purplish red sandstone, with interbeds of rudite and mudstone Late

Jurassic. Shedonggou Beds ( ) Hsiung Y H, Luo C Y, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2) Shedonggou in Xuyong County, Sichuan Province For gravel beds Quaternary.

She’erge Formation ( ) Wang Naiwen, 1983, Mesozoic Stratigraphic Development and Its Significance

of the Plate Tectonics of Lakes Area, Northern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2940 She’ergeshan, west of Yongzhu bridge, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray marls and siltstone, with sandstone, conglomerate intercalated with limestone and andesite Late Cretaceous She’erge Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Shehushan Sandstone ( ) Tien C C, Wang H C, Hsu Y T, 1933, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (15): 14 Shehushan, 36 km east of Shaoyang County, Hunan Province For sandstone Mid Devonian.

Sheli Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 234. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by No.2 Hydrological Geology Team Sheli in Nenjiang Basin, Heilongjiang Province For grayish white sandstone Pleistocene. Shemulong Formation ( ) No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jinkuang Sheet Shemulong in Wumu Township, Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province Dealing with the lower part of the origi-

nal Boda Formation, for grayish yellow calcareous mudstone with interbeds of sandstone and limestone Late Triassic. Shenbei Group () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology

of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 283. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by No.2 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Shenbei referring to the North of Shenyang City, Liaoning Province For the sum of Mushutun Formation and Yangliantun Formation Palaeocene-Oligocene. Shengguantai Sandstone ( ) Shengguantai Coal Powder Sandstone No.105 Team of Jilin Corporation of

Coal Field Geological Exploration, 1960, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xing’an Sheet Shengguantai in Jilin Province For sandstone with interbeds of coal-powder Late Jurassic. Shenghsien Formation () Shenghsien Basalt Meng H M, 1930, Geology of Shaohsing, Chekiang Province, and its neighboring districts with special reference to the Lead, Zine deposits around Huang Shan, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (10): 52-78 Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province For black basalt Neocene.

Shengjiachong Member () Wang Zhaoxin, Liang Chengli, Wang Xizeng, Han Tongxiang, 1966, Permian System of Lianyang and Shaoyang districts, Hunan, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(1): 78-89 Shengjiachong in Lianyuan County, Hunan Province Dealing with

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

the lower part of local Chihsia Formation, for chert limestone and flint beds Early Permian. Shengjinkou Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Xia Gongjun Shengjinkou close to Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A component formation within the upper part of Tugulike Group, for grayish green, yellowish green mudstone, sandy mudstone with interbeds of sandstone and muddy siltstone Early Cretaceous. Shengligou Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Yang Wenxiao Shengligou in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Permian. Shengliquan Formation () Liang Yunhai, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baiyushan Sheet Shengliquan in Hami County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green sandstone, siltstone, carbonaceous and siliceous slate and green tuffite and tuffaceous lava Late Carboniferous.

Shengmi Formation ( ) Rao Jingguo, Zhang Zhenggui, Yang Zengrong, 1988, Silurian, Devonian and Permian of Tibet, Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 1-121 Shengmi in Pazhuo area, Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the upper part of the local Quburiga Formation Early Permian. Shengong Formation () Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hangzhou Sheet Shengong in Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province For greywacke, flysch and metamorphic volcanic rocks Proterozoic. Shengou Formation (1) ( 1) Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huangyuan Sheet Shengou in Nidanshan, Qinghai Province For carbonate rocks, volcanic clastic rocks and volcanic lava Mid Cambrian Homonym: Shengou Formation (2).

Shengou Formation (2) ( 2) Southwest Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1964, Reference Material of Geology of Southwest China, (2) Shengou close to Dengxiangying, Xide County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of white quartzite, metamorphic quartzose sandstone, and phyllite Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Shengou Formation (1).

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Shengpinglu Member (!) Zhao Ruxuan, Qing Guorong, 1990, Journal of Stratigraphy, 14(1) Shengpinglu in Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province Dealing with the lower member of the Maotzufung Formation, for calcareous and muddy siltstone, mudstone and limestone Late Devonian. Shengsi Formation () Tang Baogen, Yuan Yiping, 1986, Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 6(2): 41-52 Shengsi in Shengsi Archipelago, Zhoushan Archipelago, Zhejiang Province For underground strata Pleistocene. Shengtang Formation ( ) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Rao Jiaguang, Chen Jiahuan, Lu Daohou, et al. Shengtang in Enping County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of purple sandstone, green quartzose sandstone and siltstone, with interbeds of black shale occasionally Late Permian. Shengwan Formation () Yang Jialu, 1991, Cambrian Stratigraphy, Lithofacies Paleogeography and Trilobita Fauna of Eastern Qinling-Dabashan Mountain, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Yan Guoshun Shengwan in Xichuan County, Henan Province For the muddy banded limestone within the lower part of Bailongmiao Formation Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician. Shenhsien Formation (=) Shenhsien Series Liu T S, Huang Wanbo, Wang Tingmei, 1957, Neotectonics

of Sanmen Series Strata, in Earth Sciences Department, Academia Sinica ed., 1957, Notes of First Symposium on Neotectonics, Academia Sinica, Beijing: Science Press, 164-169 Shanxian (Shenhsien) County, Henan Province For brownish yellow sands and brownish red clayey paleosol Pleistocene Shenhsien Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Shenhu Formation () Yao Qingyuan, He Zhaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary Study on the Quaternary Stratigraphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 77-83 Shenhu Bay, Jinjiang County, Fujian Province Composed of coarse-grained quartz sand, fine-grained gravel and muddy gravel Pleistocene. Shenhuangshan Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratig-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

raphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 153. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Hubei Institute of Geological Sciences Shenhuangshan in Hengyang County, Hunan Province For conglomerate and calcareous mudstone Cretaceous. Shenjiawan Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 54. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Hunan Institute of Geology Shenjiawan close to Tangjiaxi, Taoyuan County, Hunan Province For muddy banded limestone with breccia limestone Late Cambrian. Shenkeng Limestone ( ) Ho C C , Chu H S, 1931, Special Report of Mining Industry, Kwangtung Department of Construction, 305-312 Shenkeng, 5 km west of Meixian County, Guangdong Province For limestone Early Carboniferous.

Shenkentsu Formation ( ) Kaneko S, 1942, The shell-bearing formation in Kotohi, Shinka-gun and Shinkoshi, Sinho-gun, Tainan Prefecture, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 13 (2-3) Shenkentzu village, close to Kuanmiao, Tainan County, Taiwan Province The sequence at the typical

place is (in descending order): light yellow clayey sand; thin alternation of light yellow sand and bluish gray clay; yellowish brown, false-bedded sand; and bluish gray clayey and fossiliferous sand Holocene. Shenkou Formation () Sun C C , 1934, Geology of the Yuhsien and Mihsien Coal Field, Honan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (24): 8 Shenhou (Shenkou) Town, 21 km southwest of Yuxian County, Henan Province For coal-bearing strata Late Carboniferous-Early

Permian. Shenlungchiao Formation () Tan C C , 1939, 40th Anniversary Papers of the National University of Peking, vol.1, 51-73 Shenlongqiao (Shenlungchiao) village between Zixing and Sandu, Chenxian County, Hunan Province For limestone

Shenluogong Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 140 Shenluogong in Deqin County, Yunnan Province For silty mudstone, tuffaceous sandstone, rudite, thin-bedded flint banded limestone, with interbeds of metamorphic sandstone, silicalite schist and slate Early Carboniferous.

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Shennongjia Group (:) Dashennongjia Formation Jiang Tao, Hua Meichun, 1962, in Proceedings of 1962 Annual Meeting of Geological Society of HubeiShennongjia in Hubei Province For carbonate rocks, clastic rocks and volcanic rocks Mesoproterozoic. Shenshan Formation () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yichun Sheet Shenshan in Xinyu County, Jiangxi Province For black carbonaceous phyllite with interbeds of sandstone Neoproterozoic.

Shenshi Group () Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press,

56. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Nanling Regional Geological Survey Team Shenshi in Guangdong Province Jurassic. Shenshuzhen Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 178 Shenshuzhen in Western Hills of Shenshui, Tieli City, Heilongjiang Province For gray, grayish brown tuffaceous lava, grayish yellow rhyolite and tuffaceous fine-grained sandstone Late Jurassic. Shensi Formation (= ) Shensi Coal-bearing Series Sowerby A C, in Clark R S, Sowerby A C, 1912, Through Shen-kan, 116 Shaanxi (Shensi) Province For coal-bearing series Jurassic. Shenwangshan Formation () Chu Cheng, 1978, Red beds of You County and Chaling County, Hunan, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(2): 146-151 Shenwangshan in Youxian County, Hunan Province For purplish red conglomerate, arkose and grayish purple basalt Early Cretaceous. Shenxiannao Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Shenxiannao between Yangbai Township and Sanjiao village, Wutai County, Shanxi Province For a component formation within the third formation of the local Toutsun Subgroup Archean.

Shenyan Member () Xiao Suzhen, 1988, in Wu Tieshan et al., 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi, 107, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Shenyan in Yuemengou, Western Hills of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province To substitute the informal name of the upper Shihhotse Formation, dealing with

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

yellowish green, purplish red grayish purple, bluish purple etc. parti-coloured mudstone with interbeds of sandstone Late Permian. Sherenwan Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Liu Yiren Sherenwan, northwest of Taoyuan County, Hunan Province For yellowish green banded shale and sandy shale, with interbeds of calcareous shale and thin-bedded marls Mid Ordovician. Sheshan Formation ( ) Chen Junyuan, Zhou Zhiyi, Lin Yaokun, et al., 1984, Progress of Research on

Ordovician Biostratigraphy of Western Margin of Ordos Platform, in Memoirs of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, (in Chinese), (20) Sheshan, 5 km north of Gongwusu, Wuhai City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For yellowish green calcareous shale with interbeds of biolimestone Mid Ordovician Sheshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shetai Formation () Jin Xiangfu, 1981, Discussion on the Shuanmazhuang Group, Journal of Stratigraphy, 5(1): 16-19 Shetai Town, 5 km south of Shuanmazhuang valley, Wulate Qian Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For the part of strata belongs to Mid Carboniferous within the base of original Shuanmachuang Formation Late Carboniferous Shetai Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Shetangcun Formation ( ) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi Sheet, Jingle Sheet Shetang village in Lanxian County, Shanxi Province For gneiss Archean.

Shetienchiao Formation ( ) Shetien Formation (Liu Zuhan, 1987, Geological Review, 33(5): 462-467) Tien C C, 1938, Geological Review, 3(4): 371,400 Shetianqiao (Shetienchiao), 35 km east of Shaoyang County, Hunan Province For the limestone beds within the upper part of Shetienchiao Group Late Devonian Homonym with the same name and

subordinate relationship: Shetienchiao Group. Shetienchiao Group ( ) Shetienchiao Series Tien C C, Wang H C, Kuo S I, 1929, Report of Geology and Mineral Resources of Hsinhua, Hunan, (8), Economic Geology, pt. 5; or Tien C C, Wang H C, Hsu Y T, Report of Geological Survey of Hunan, (15), (Geology of Hunan, 2 volumes) Shetianqiao (Shetienchiao), 35 km east of Shaoyang County,

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Hunan Province For the sum of Lungkouchung Formation and Shetienchiao Formation Late Devonian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Shetienchiao Formation. Shezhu Member () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geol-

ogy of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Guangdong Corporation of Coal Field Exploration Shezhu village in Longguixu, Qujiang County, Guangdong Province A component member in the lower part of Hongweikeng Formation, for rudite, sandstone, with interbeds of shale, sandy shale, and coal seams Late Triassic. Shezi Formation () Chen K Y, Chang K, Hsu H Y, et al., 1943, Preliminary Report of Coal Field

Geology of Lufeng-Yipinglang, Yunnan, Geological Survey of Southwest China Shezi village, 4 km north of Yipinglang Town, Lufeng County, Yunnan Province A component formation within the upper part of Ipinglang Group, for grayish

green, yellowish green siltstone with interbeds of purplish red siltstone, fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of mudstone, and with coal seams in the lower part Late Triassic. Shiaolin Formation () Shiaolin Interbedded Sandstone and Shale Tomita Y, 1935, The minor thrust and intraformational corrugation in the middle stream of Tsengwenchi, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 6(9). First appeared in a 1935 manuscript “Report on the Geology of the Tapu Area” by Lin C C Shiaolin village in Chiayi County, Taiwan Province Tertiary Homonym: Xiaolin Formation.

Shibamian Limestone ( ) Meng H M, Chang K, 1932-1933, Annual General Report of Academia Sinica of 1932, 177-186 Shibamian in Hexian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Early Carboniferous.

Shibandun Formation ( ) Qian Jiaqi et al., 1986, Gansu Geology, (4) Shibandun in Qilianshan Mountain, Gansu Province Dealing with the formation within the lower part of Duoruonuoer Group, for breccia tuffite, siliceous slate, silicalite and schist Sinian.

Shibangou Formation ( ) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 20. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by No.2

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Shibangou in Luoning County, Henan Province For a component formation within the Taihua Group Archean. Shibanhe Formation ( ) Xiao Siyun, Zhang Weiji, Song Ziji, et al., 1988, Metamorphic Stratigraphy of Northern Qinling Mountain, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Shibanhe in Shangzhou County, Shaanxi Province A formation between Taiwan Formation and Goushenmiao Formation, for phyllite and schist Neoproterozoic. Shibanshan Formation ( ) No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fanshankou Sheet Shibanshan, east of Qindunxia Township, Dunhuang City, Gansu Province For sandstone, limestone and mudstone Carboniferous.

Shibantan Member ( ) Zhao Ziqiang et al., 1985, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (1), Sinian Period, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shibantan in Hubei Province For a part of dolomite within the Tongying Formation Sinian Shibantan Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shibashangdi Formation (  ) Kang Baoxiang, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Raohe County Sheet Shibashangdi in Raohe County, Heilongjiang Province For light gray, dark gray and grayish brown silicalite Mid Triassic. Shibeigou Formation () Li Zhongqin, 1980, Sinian Suberathem in the Minor Qinling Range in Shaanxi Province, in Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 314-331 Shibeigou in Henan Province For the local Zhifang Group Neoproterozoic Shibi Formation (") Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 424. First appeared in a manuscript by Hainan Geology Team Shibi in Qionghai County, Hainan Province For grayish white medium-fine-grained quartzose sandstone, and clay, with interbeds of 1-2 lignite beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Shihpi Limestone. Shibiliang Formation (") Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by United Geological Survey Team organized by Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Management

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and Construction Corps of Xinjiang Military Area Shibiliang in Xuefengjian, 50 km southwest of Ayakumu lake, Kumukuli Basin, Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purple thick-bedded sandstone with interbeds of green sandstone, and with black limestone, mudstone and conglomerate occasionally Pliocene. Shibixi Mudstone Member () Li Jianhai et al., 1994, Regional Geology of China, (quarterly), no.4 (Serial no.51), 325-347 Shibixi village in Wushi Township, Yongding County, Fujian Province Dealing with a member within the Xikou Formation, for banded hornfels-bearing siliceous mudstone and hornfels Triassic.

Shicaogou Formation () Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xi Wenxiang, Pei Fang ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (41), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Henan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 73. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by No.4 Henan Geology Team Shicaogou in Shanxian County, Henan Province For gneiss and marbles Palaeoproterozoic. Shicaohe Formation () Jiang Tao, Hua Meichun, 1962, in Proceedings of 1962 Annual Meeting of Geological Society of Hubei Shicaohe in Honghua Area, Shennongjia Forestry Area, Hubei Province For purplish red, gray dolomite with interbeds of dolomitic clastic rocks Mesoproterozoic.

Shichang Limestone () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Shichang village, southeast of Niuxintai, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Homonym: Shichang Shale.

Shichang Shale () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Shichang village, southeast of Niuxintai, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For shales Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Shichang Limestone.

Shichanggou Diamictite () Shichanggou Moraine Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory Text for 1:1 500 000

Scale of Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 20 Shichanggou in Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gravel beds Pleistocene. Shicheng Formation () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hukou Sheet Shicheng in Anhui Province Proterozoic.

988

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shideng Group () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lanping Sheet Shideng in Lanping County, Yunnan Province Dealing with the sum of Longdonghe Formation and Manbing Formation, for volcanic rocks and carbonate rocks, Carboniferous. Shidian Member ( ) Zhang Zengqi, Zhang Shufang, et al., 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Shidian close to Mantou hill, Zhangxia Town, Changqing County, Shandong Province Dealing with the middle member of the Manto Formation, for alternating beds of lateritic red, yellowish gray mudstone, shale, dolomite and limestone Early Cambrian. Shidongsi Formation ( ) Lan Chaohua, Sun Cheng, Fan Jiancai, Fang Runsen, 1983, Carboniferous and

Permian of Zhenkang and Luxi Area, Western Yunnan, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 79-92 Shidongsi close to Yutangzhai, Banka, Yongde County, Yunnan Province For bioclastic limestone Late Carboniferous. Shiduo Formation (" ) Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Shiduo in Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous-Palaeogene. Shifang Formation () Wang Shitao, Li Xueren, 1988, Proceedings of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, (22), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Sichuan Chemical Industry Geology Team Shifang County, Sichuan Province For dark gray breccia phosphorite and clay stone Mid Devonian. Shifang Formation () Shifang Stage Zhang Yan, 1961, Proceedings of the Geology of Gansu Bureau of Geology. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Tianshui Geology Team Shifang, northwest of Wenxian County, Gausu Province For sandy slate and sandstone with interbeds of breccia silicalite, and with coal seams and phosphorite Early Devonian Homonym: Shifang Group. Shifang Group () Qin Feng, Gan Yiyan, 1976, Acta Geologica Sinica, 50(1): 74-97. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Ye Maoquan et al. Shifang close to Minpugou, Wenxian County, Gansu Province For black slate with interbeds of sandstone and siliceous conglomerate Early Devonian Homonymous with Shifang Formation. Shifeng Formation () Guo Hongjun, 1962, Contribution to Sciences of Changchun College of Geology, (1) Shifeng in Yixiang Township, Dongliao County, Jilin Province For meta-

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morphic sandstone and limestone Silurian. Shifo Member () Wu Tieshan, Xu Chaolei, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Shifo in Shanxi Province For diorite intrusive rock body Archean.

Shifodong Formation ( ) Lan Chaohua, Sun Cheng, Fan Jiancai, Fang Runsen, 1983, Carboniferous and Permian of Zhenkang and Luxi Area, Western Yunnan, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 7992 Shifodong in Sipaishan Township, Gengma County, Yunnan Province For gray limestone with interbeds of dolomite Late Permian Homonymous with Shihfotung Formation. Shigaoshan Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team & No.213 Shanxi Geology Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen, Qinyuan Sheet Shigaoshan close to Junzhaigou valley, Huoxian County, Shanxi Province A component formation within the top of the Taiyueshan Group, for leucogranulite, granite and migmatite Archean. Shiguaizi Formation (") Liu Guangcai et al., 1985, Qinghai Geology, (2) Shiguaizi (Dahengshan) close to Manya Town, Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For gray conglomerate, gravel-

bearing sandstone, dark gray, grayish black bioclastic limestone, siliceous limestone and siliceous dolomite Early Carboniferous. Shiguanshan Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jianshui Sheet Shiguanshan in Yunnan Province Late

Devonian. Shihchiao Formation () Endo R, 1931, Cambrian Period, Iwanami Series Shiqiaozi(Shihchiaotzu) Station, on the Dandong-Shenyang Railway Line, Liaoning Province For thin-bedded, dark red to purple micaceous shales interspersed with a few thin, pale-greenish sandy layers and a few lenticular limestone beds close to the bottom Early Cambrian. Shihchienfeng Formation () Shihchienfeng Series Norin E, 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 65 Shiqianfeng (Shihchienfeng) in Western Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For red sandstone and mudstone with interbeds of gypsum Late Permian-Early Triassic.

990

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shihchientan Formation () Yuan P L, 1948, Science Report of Tsinghua University, ser.3, 1(3): 215-228 Shiqiantan (Shihchientan), east of Jiangjunmiao, 80 km northeast of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For clastic rocks with interbeds of limestone and marls Late Carboniferous. Shihchiwakou Limestone (/) Norin E, 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4) Shiqiwagou (Shihchiwakou), north branch of Guangmengou, 7.5 km east of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For limestone Late Carboniferous.

Shihebei Formation () Ju Ranhong, Zheng Shailin, et al., 1982, Bulletin of Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (5) Shihebei in Liaoning Province Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Shihertu Formation ( %) Shihertu Coal Series Chu S, 1928, Upper Paleozoic Formations and Faunas of Yaoling, Chenhsien, South Hunan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 7(1): 61-80 Shierdulong (Shihertulung), south of Yaoling, 20 km southeast of Chenxian County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of black and gray shale, tuffaceous sandstone and quartzose sandstone, with 5-6 coal seams Late Carboniferous. Shihertulung Formation ( % ) Chu S, 1928, Upper Paleozoic Formations and Faunas of Yaoling, Chenhsien, South Hunan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 7(1): 61-80 Shierdulong (Shihertulung), south of Yaoling, 20 km southeast of Chenxian County, Hunan Province For limestone Late Carboniferous.

Shihfotung Formation ( ) Ma H Y, Wang C I, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 13-24 Shifodong (Shihfotung) close to Xiahuayuan, Xuanhua County, Hebei Province Early Jurassic Homonym: Shifodong Formation. Shihhotse Formation (#) Shihhotse Series Norin E, 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 68 Shihezi (Shihhotze) valley in Eastern Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For yellowish green sandstone and shales Permian. Shihhuichung Limestone () Shih-hui-chung Limestone Kao P, Hsu K C, (1940) 1943, Geology of West Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (16) Shihuichong (Shihhuichung) in Jiangxi Province For limestone Mid-Late Devonian.

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Shihkantze Sandstone () Misch P, 1947, Sciences Record of Academia Sinica, 2 (1) Shikanzi (Shihkantze) in Yunnan Province For sandstone Early Triassic.

Shihku Formation ($) Tan H C, 1939(1947), Contribution Geol. Inst. Nat. Univ. Peking, (26): 61 Shigu(Shihku) in Zixing County, Hunan Province For yellow sandy shale and black shale, with poor coal seams Late Jurassic Homonym: Shihku Group.

Shihku Group ($) Shihku Schist, Sheku Schist Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965,

Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiguan Sheet. First appeared in a 1947 manuscript “Geology of Likiang” by Misch P (Peking University) Shigu (Shihku) Town in Lijiang County, western Yunnan Province For schist with interbed of gneiss Sinian, Paleozoic Homonymous with Shihku Formation. Shihkuai Group (") Shihkuai Coal Series Sun C C , 1934, Geology of Suiyuan & Southwest Chahar, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (12): 33 Shiguai (Shihkuai) Town in Daqingshan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For coal-bearing series Early Jurassic.

Shihkuei Formation (%) Shihkuei Marble Chang W Y, trasl., 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co., 162, table 38 Shigui (Shihkuei) village in Lingshan Township, Rongxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For marble Presinian.

Shihlipu Formation ( ) Ting V K, 1947, Report of Geological Survey (1914–1930), National Geological Survey of China Shilipu (Shihlipu), 5 km north of Weining County, Guizhou Province For dark blue to black organic limestone, and limestone with interbeds of black shales Late Carboniferous Homonym: Shilipu Gravel Beds.

Shihlitun Formation ( ) Shihlitun Series Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & Southern Kansu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (19): 1-72 Shilidun(Shihlitun), 5 km south of Huixian County, Gansu Province Early Permian.

Shihliufeng Shale ( )) Shihliufeng Sandy Shale Chang L S, Ho C S, 1948, The Taan anticlineTaichunghien, Geological Review, 13(1/2): 157 Shihliufeng in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For sandy shale Miocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shihloti Formation (") Chang Keng, 1941, Native Antimony of Lamo, Nantan, Kwangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 21(1): 59-66 Shilouti (Shihloti) in Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Late Devonian.

Shihlungtong Limestone ( ) Wang Yu, 1938, Geological Review, 3(2): 131-142 Shilongdong (Shihlungtung), east of Sanxia, Yichang City, Hubei Province For red and gray thin-bedded siliceous limestone, with small amount of flint nodule Early Cambrian.

Shihmachung Limestone () Shihmachung Thin-bedded Limestone Wang Y L et al., 1938, Brief Report of

Geology and Mineral Resources of Eastern Kueichow, Brief Report of Geological Survey, (10) Shimachong (Shihmachung) in Lushan County, Guizhou Province For purplish red thin-bedded muddy limestone Early Ordovician. Shihmen Conglomerate () Lee J S, with assistance of Chao Y T, 1924, Geology of the Gorges Area of the

Yangtze from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(3/4): 350-392 Shimen (Shihmen), 6 km northwest of Yichang, Hubei Province For red coarse-grained clastic sandstone and conglomerate Tertiary Homonym: Shihmen Formation, Shimen Limestone, Shimen Formation (1), (2), Shimen Quartzite. Shihmen Formation () Bien M N, 1940, Discovery of Triassic Saurischian & Primitive Mammalian remains at Lufeng, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 20(2-4): 225-234 Shimen (Shihmen) post, 13 km southeast of Lufeng County, Yunnan Province JurassicCretaceous Homonymous with Shihmen Conglomerate.

Shihmenchai Formation () Grabau A W, 1922, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser.B, vol.1, fasc.11 Shimenzhai (Shihmenchai) in Shanhaiguan City, Hebei Province For shale with interbeds of limestone Early Ordovician.

Shihmenkow Formation () Shihmenkow Coal Series Tien C C, 1930, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (9) Shimenkou (Shihmenkow) in Liling County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of conglomerate and coal bearing strata Late Jurassic.

Shihnahan Group () Shihnahan Limestone Sun C C , 1934, Geology of Suiyuan & Southwest Chahar, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (12): 5 Shinagan (Shihnahan), north of Anhua County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For limestone Proterozoic.

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Shihniulan Formation (") Shihniulan Limestone Hsung Y H, Luo C T, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2). First appeared in a 1930 manuscript by Ting V K Shiniulan (Shihniulan), close to Guanyinqiao, Qijiang County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of black calcareous shale and thin-bedded knotty limestone Early Silurian.

Shihpachongchi Formation ( ) Shihpachongchi Beds Lee C S, 1979, Mem. Geol. Soc. China, (3): 237247Shihpachongchi branch, east of Chenyoulanchi, north of Bo Hot Spring, east of Nantou County, Taiwan Province For alternating beds of black to dark slate, with interbeds of thin-bedded siliceous, metamorphic sandstone and slate Eocene.

Shihpai Formation (4) Shihpai Shale Lee J S, 1924, with assistance of Chao Y T, Geology of the

Gorges Area of the Yangtze from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(3/4): 350-392 Shipai (Shihpai) Stream , 15 km northwest of Yichang County, Hubei Province For alternating beds of parti-coloured shale and sandstone Early Cambrian. Shihpei Formation (") Shihpei Series Kao P, Hsu K C, (1940) 1943, Geology of West Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (16): 11 Shibei (Shihpei), south of Xicun, Yichun County, Jiangxi Province Devonian.

Shihpi Limestone (") Yih L F, Lee C, 1924, Geology of the Coal Field of Chin Haien and Hsuangcheng, Anhui, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6): 13-20 Shibi (Shihpi) hill in Pancun village, east of Jingxian County, Anhui Province For limestone Early Triassic Homonym: Shipi Formation; Shibi Formation.

Shihpitan Formation (") Chao K K, 1947, Stratigraphical Development in Kwangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 27(3/4): 321-346 Shibitan (Shihpitan) in Yishan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For silicalite Permian.

Shihsanlitai Formation ( /) Shihsanlitai Stage Matsushita S, 1931, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., 1(4) Shisanlitai (Shihsanlitai), 8 km northeast of Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For pur-

plish red, bluish gray limestone with interbeds of purplish red, grayish green muddy slate. Shihshan Limestone () Feng C L, 1950, Science Report of Tsinghua University, ser. 3, 2(1): 1-22 Shish-

an (Shihshan), 3 km southeast of Jiezhudu, Leping County, Jiangxi Province.

994

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shihtai Formation () Shihtai Series Lee Y Y, Lee C, 1930-1931, Annual General Report of Academia Sinica of 1930 Shitai (Shihtai) County, southern Anhui Province For red beds Mesozoic.

Shihtao Group (#) Morita G, 1940, Hokang Coal Field, Geological Society of Manchuria Shidaosha (Shihtao), east of Linkou, north of Muling, west of Mishan County, Jilin Province For coal-bearing strata Jurassic.

Shihtengtze Formation () Shihtengtze Limestone Tien C C, Wang H C, 1932, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (13): 4-6 Shidengzi (Shitengtze), 2 km west of Qiziqiao Town, Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province For grayish black thick-bedded and thin-bedded limestone, with interbeds of carbonaceous shale Early Carboniferous.

Shihti Formation () Shihti Coal Formation Wen T P, Chen P Y, 1953, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Taipei, Tatubshan and Juifang Sheets, Geological Survey of Taiwan Shihti village, southwest of Ruifang, Taipei County, Taiwan Province Dealing with the original Miocene coal-bearing formation, for white sandstone, dark gray shales with 5-7 beds of thin-bedded coal seams Miocene.

Shihtien Formation ( ) Shihtien Series Pien C S, 1940, Geology of Siyangtang Coal Field, Sungmin & Iliang, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Shitian (Shihtien) in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province For sandstone and shale with interbeds of limestone Mid Cambrian.

Shihtien Formation (&) Shih-tien Beds, Shih-tien Shale Brown J Coggin, 1913, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol.43, 327-334 Shidian (Shihtien) in Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For limestone, marls or calcareous mudstone and massive slate Early Ordovician.

Shihtih Formation () Shihtih Series Lee Y Y, Lee C, 1930, Annual General Report of Academia Sinica of 1930 Shidai (Shihtih) in Anhui Province For rhyolite in the upper part, tuffs, red sandstone and conglomerate in the lower part Cretaceous.

Shihtih Formation (") Shihtih Series Hsien C Y, Wang C, 1938, Geological Review, 3(1): 67 Shiti

(Shihtih ) village, 7 km north of Xiwan, Hexian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish green and blue arkose with interbeds of yellow shale and kaolin Jurassic.

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Shihtiping Formation () Shihtiping Limestone and Shale Mo C S, 1944, The Earth, First Issue, Sun Yat-sen University, 64 Shidiping (Shihtiping) village, west of Xiangbihe river, southwest of Pingpojie, Dali County, Yunnan Province For limestone and slate Sinian. Shihtouho Formation () Tan H C, 1924, Geology of the Tan-yuan Coal Field, and Ho Kang Coal Field, Heilungkiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6): 1-12 Shitouhe (Shihtouho), east of Bijiashan, 10 km north of Hegang Coal Mining, Heilongjiang Province For grayish white to light yellow coarse-grained sandstone with interbeds of black shale, with recoverable coal seams Jurassic? Homonym: Shitouhe Formation. Shihtsuling Formation (") Wu S S, Tseng C H, 1948, Geological Review, 13(5/6): 247 Shiziling (Shihtsuling) in Pingshi County, Guangdong Province For conglomerate, sandstone and shale Tertiary.

Shihtzemiao Limestone (") Tien C C, 1938, Geological Review, 3(4): 387-388. First appeared in a manuscript by Yoh S S Shizimiao (Shihtzemiao), east of Qujiang County, Guangdong Province For limestone Mid Devonian.

Shihtzuchu Formation ( ) Shihtzuchu Series Lee Y Y, Chu S, 1933, Annual General Report of Academia Sinica of 1932, 171-177 Shizixu (Shihtzuchu), northeast of Xianghualing, Linwu County, Hunan Province For limestone with interbeds of shale Early Carboniferous. Shihtzuhsing Limestone (") Kao P, Hsu K C, (1940) 1943, Geology of W. Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (16): 23 Shizixing (Shihtzuhsing), east of Yongxing County, Jiangxi Province For limestone Early Permian.

Shihtzukou Formation (1) (" 1) Juan V C, 1942, Geology of Paikuowan Coal Field, Huili, Sikang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (35) Shizikou (Shihtzukou), north of Baiguowan, Huili County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a subdivision within the lower part of Paikuowan Coal Series, for black, gray sandstone and shale with interbeds of coal seams Late Triassic Homonym: Shihtzukou Formation (2), Shizikou Formation (1), (2). Shihtzukou Formation (2) (" 2) Shihtzukou Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 467, chart 95. First appeared in a 1941 manuscript by Yuan Jianqi & Liu Mingyan Shizikou (Shihtzukou) in Xiniba, Kaiyang County,

996

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Guizhou Province For dark purple sandy shale, fine-grained sandstone, with green thin-bedded fine-grained sandstone Early Sinian Homonymous with Shihtzukou Formation (1). Shihtzulu Formation ( ) Shihtzulu Series Su L. H., 1943, Bull. Geol. Sci. Tsinghua University, 1(3): 205 Shizilu (Shihtzulu), 8 km southeast of Pingyi County, Yunnan Province Late Triassic.

Shihtzupu Formation ( ) Shihtzupu Shale Yoh S S, 1928, A Geological Reconnaissance from Chungching, Szechuan to Kuei-yang, Kueichou Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (11): 33 Shizipu (Shihtzupu), 5 km north of Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For gray, grayish green calcareous, silty shale, muddy limestone and marls Mid Ordovician.

Shihtzushan Conglomerate (") Feng C L, 1950, Science Report of Tsinghua University, ser.3, 2(1) Shizishan (Shihtzushan) in Leping County, Jiangxi Province For conglomerate and sandstone Permian.

Shihtzushan Limestone (1) (" 1) Heim A, 1930, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, 2(1) Shizishan (Shihtzushan) in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province For limestone PermianTriassic Synonymous with Meishan Limestone; Homonym: Shihtzushan Lime-

stone (2), Shihtzushan Conglomerate, Shizishan Formation. Shihtzushan Limestone (2) (" 2) Wang Y, 1944, Triassic Strata around Tsunyi City, North Kueichou, 24(3/4): 163178 Shizishan (Shihtzushan), close to Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For limestone Mid Triassic Homonymous with Shihtzushan Limestone (1).

Shihuadong Formation ( ) Duan Lilan, 1975, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (17), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 255-276 Shihuadong reservoir in Yunruijie, Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For thick-bedded limestone intercalated with thin-bedded limestone Early Carboniferous.

Shihuiba Formation () Zhang Xingyong, Zhou Guoxing, Hu Youheng, Lin Yipu, 1981, in Research Re-

port of Beijing Museum of Nature, (10): 1-20. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Hu Youheng et al. Shihuiba village in Lufeng County, Yunnan Province For clastic rocks with interbeds of lignite beds Miocene.

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Shihuichang Formation () Li Guangcun, Lin Baoyu, 1982, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shihuichang in Golmud City, Qinghai Province For gray, grayish green volcanic clastic rocks, carbonate rocks, metamorphic clastic rocks, tuffite and marble lenticle Late Ordovician.

Shihuiding Formation () Yang Zunyi, Wang Xiaofeng, Zeng Lingchu, 1978, Geological Information of

Science and Technology of Central-South, (3). First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Stratigraphic Group of South China Team of Rich Iron Ore, Academia Sinica Shihuiding tunnel in Changjiang County, Hainan Province For quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of sandy mudstone Mesoproterozoic. Shihuigou Formation () Shihuigou Shale Mu Enzhi et al., 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Shihuigou, southwest Da Qaidam Town, Qinghai Province For black shale with interbeds of limestone Early Ordovician Homonymous with Shihuigou Limestone.

Shihuigou Limestone () Lee T, Chao C T, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (8): 44-77 Shihuigou close

to Choujinpo, 6 km southeast of Qingping Township (old Daba), Mianzhu County, Sichuan Province For limestone Early Carboniferous Homonym: Shihuigou Formation. Shihuiling Limestone () Feng C L, 1950, Sience Report of Tsinghua University, ser.3, 2(1): 1-22 Shihuiling, 1 km northwest of Mingshan, Leping County, Jiangxi Province For limestone Late Carboniferous.

Shihuzi Formation () He Xilin, 1995, Research on Late Paleozoic Stratigraphic Classification and Cor-

relation and Paleontology of Eastern Hills, Taiyuan City, Changchun: Jilin University Press, 35-36 Shihuzi (i.e. Shihezi or Shihhotze) valley, Eastern Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For the lower part of the original Shihhotze Formation Late Permian Shihuizi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Shihwengtzu Formation () Shihwengtzu Limestone Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (9): 18-19 Shiwengzi (Shihwengtzu), 12 km southeast of Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province For limestone Late Carboniferous.

998

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shihyehwan Formation () Shihyehwan Series Lee H H, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(4): 419 Shiyewan (Shihyehwan) close to Shiguaizi coal field, Daqingshan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Permian. Shijia Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yin Baoan ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (45), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 113. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Zhong Keng & Kuang Guodun Shijia reservoir, northeast of Bancheng, Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish yellow, grayish green black silicalite and siliceous shale Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous. Shijia Formation ($) Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuzhou Sheet Shijia in Langan Township, Suzhou County, Anhui province A component formation of Huaihe Group, for muddy shale and dolomite with interbeds of dolomitic limestone Neoproterozoic.

Shijiagou Formation () Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1983, Atlas of Paleontology of Northwest China: Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by No.1 Shaanxi Geology Team Shijiagou close to Gongguan, Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province For limestone with interbeds of dolomite, slate and sandstone Mid Devonian Shijiagou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shijiagou Formation (1) ($ 1) Shijiagou Beds Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1963, Mesozoic Continental Stratig-

raphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 157. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Shen Guomao, Wu Zhipu, et al. Shijiagou close to Baimaguan, Luojiang County, Sichuan Province Cretaceous Homonym: Shijiagou Formation (2). Shijiagou Formation (2) ($ 2) Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Zengqi ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shandong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 285 Shijiagou in Penglai City, Shandong Province For basalt and volcanic clastic rocks, with sands and gravel beds Pleistocene Synonymous with Chishan Formation; Homonymous with Shijiagou Formation (1). Shijiaozui Member () Zhao Ruxuan, Qin Guorong, 1990, Journal of Stratigraphy, 14(1) Shijiaozui in Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province A component member of the Maotzufung Formation, for a series of clastic rocks with interbeds of thin-bedded carbonate rocks

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composed of silty mudstone, muddy siltstone with interbeds of limestone Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous. Shijiaping Formation ($) Tao Hongxiang, He Huiya, Wang Quanqing, Pei Xianzhi, 1993, History of tectonic evolution of northern margin of Yangtze Plate, Bulletin of Xi’an College of Geology, 3(3) Shijiaping in Shaanxi Province For a part within the local Yangba Formation Neoproterozoic. Shijiatun Formation ($) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli District Shijiatun in Shandong Province Late Cretaceous. Shijing Formation () Zhu Lunjie, 1994, The establishment of the Middle Triassic Shijing Formation in southeastern Hunan, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 313-315 Shijing village in Shangjia Township, Leiyang County, Hunan Province For thin-bedded muddy limestone and marls Mid Triassic. Shijingshan Formation () Shijingshan Green Sandstone Beds Yang C, 1957, Geological Review, 17(2): 161-179 Shijingshan District, Beijing Municipality For grayish green sandstone with interbeds of green shale and conglomerate Late Permian-Triassic.

Shikang Formation (") Hsu J L, Kiang J, 1931, Temporary Report of Geological Survey of Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (23): 1-32 Shigang (Shikang), east of Qixingyan, Gaoyao County, Guangdong Province For grayish white quartzose sandstone, brownish yellow, yellowish red sandstone, shale and with interbeds of limestone lenticle Early Car-

boniferous. Shikang Formation () Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Liuyang Sheet Shikang in Wenjia City, Liuyang County, Hunan Province For the rhythmic beds composed of dark gray silty mudstone and quartzose sandstone Early Jurassic Synonym: Zaoshang Formation. Shikongshan Formation ( ) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lin’an Sheet Shikongshan in Zhejiang Province Late Cambrian Synonymous with Huayenssu Formation. Shikou Formation () Wei Xiuze, Xiao Chengxie, Chen Shenggao, Yu Tao, 1966, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(1): 65-76 Shikou village, southwest of Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province For a set of mega thick sandstone and slate Mid Ordovician.

1000

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shikuaidi Formation () Zhang Zhenggui, Chen Jirong, Yu Hongjin, 1985, Character of Early Permian

Strata and Biofauna of Xainza, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shikuaidi in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region Early Permian. Shilama Formation (#*) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoxing Sheet Shilama close to Jintang, Kangding County, Sichuan province For gray limestone, marls and bioclastic limestone, with interbeds of calcareous silty and muddy slate Late Carboniferous. Shilengshui Formation () Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Meitan Sheet Shilengshui, south of Meitan County, Guizhou Province Dealing with the lower part of the original Loshankuan Formation, for fossiliferous gray dolomite with interbeds of sandy and muddy dolomite Mid Cambrian Shilengshui Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shiling Formation (1) ( 1) No.332 Team of Anhui Bureau of Metallurgical Geology, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qimen, Tunxi Sheet Shiling in Shexian County, Anhui Province For andesite and rhyolite Late Jurassic Homonym:

Shiling Formation (2). Shiling Formation (2) ( 2) Compiling Group for Hebei & Tianjin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Re-

gional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province & Tianjin Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shiling in Liujiang Basin, Hebei Province Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Shiling Formation (1). Shiling Group () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 430 Shiling in Dongfang County, Hainan Province For the lower part: gray, grayish black silicalite with interbeds of quartzose sandstone, and the upper part: dark gray crystalline limestone and dolomitic limestone. Lately it is proved to be the sum of Echa Formation and Eding Formation Permian Homonymous with Shiling Formation (1). Shiling Limestone () Xu Shouyong et al., 1992, Carboniferous, in Wang Xiaofeng, Ma Daquan, Jiang Dahai ed., 1992, Geology of Hainan Island (2), Stratigraphy and Paleontology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shiling in Dongfang County, Hainan Province

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For limestone Late Carboniferous Synonymous with Eding Formation; Hom-

onym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Shiling Group, Shiling Formation (1), (2). Shilipu Gravel Beds ( ) Yao Qingyuan, He Zhaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary Study on the Quaternary Strati-

graphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 77-83. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Yao Qingyuan Shilipu in Jiangxi Province For gravel beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Shihlipu Formation. Shiliting Member ( ) Zhao Ruxuan, Qin Guorong, 1990, Journal of Stratigraphy, 14(1) Shiliting close to Tianziling, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province For a component member within the lower part of Tientzuling Formation Late Devonian.

Shilu Group (+) Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Hainan Island, Guangdong Bureau of Geology. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Jiang Dahai Shilu in Changjiang County, Hainan Province For quartz schist, crystalline limestone, dolomitic crystalline limestone, phyllite and quartzite Early Permian. Shimacun Formation () Chen Zhepei, Huang Xiangding, Zhong Shengzhong, 1995, Geology and Geography of Hainan, (2) Shimacun in Penglai Town (precious stone mining district), Wenchang City, Hainan Province For tuffite, basalt, clay stone and conglomerate Miocene.

Shimagou Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Joint Team of Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Management & Construction Corps of Xinjiang Military Area Shimagou, southwest of Ayakumu lake, Kumukuli Basin, Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brown conglomerate with interbeds of parti-coloured sandstone, mudstone and black shale Miocene-Pliocene. Shimaoling Formation (+) Liang Junping, 1992, The Main Characteristics of the Quaternary Stratigraphy in

Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 109-114 Shimaoling close to Yingli, Haikang County, Guangdong Province For weathering crust of volcanic rocks Pleistocene.

1002

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shimaoshan Group () Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanping Sheet Shimaoshan (today Damaoshan) in Minqing County, eastern Fujian Province For purplish red continental deposits, volcanic rocks, for the sum of Huangkeng Formation, Zhaixia Formation, Shiniushan Formation Early Cretaceous. Shimaping Formation () Fei Anqi, Zhang Jisen, 1983, Some Progress of the Research on Ordovician Stratigraphy of the Western Margin of Ordos Basin, Contribution to Petroleum Geology of the Western Margin District of Ordos Basin, Huhhot: Inner Mongolia People’s Publishing House, 69-95 Shimaping in Jingxian County, Shaanxi Province For dolomite Mid Ordovician. Shimen Formation (1) ( 1) Du Rulin, 1956, in North China Institute of Geology, 1965, Contribution to the

Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, North China Institute of Geology, 114-126 Shimen in Luan County, Hebei Province For parti-coloured shale with interbeds of sandstone lenticle, with conglomerate and iron-bearing quartzose sandstone in the base Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Shihmen Conglomerate. Shimen Formation (2) ( 2) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Xinde, Li Xingyun ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (21), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Liaoning Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 40. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by No.9 Liaoning Geology Team Shimen in Tieling County, Liaoning Province For alternating beds of slate, dolomite and quartzose sandstone Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Shihmen Conglomerate. Shimen Limestone () Pan C H, Peng K C, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2) Shimen in Nanchuan County, Sichuan Province For limestone Early Ordovician Homonymous with

Shihmen Conglomerate. Shimen Quartzite () Zhang Erdao, 1965, in North China Institute of Geology, 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, North China Institute of Geology, 149153. First appeared in a manuscript by Mai Baoyuan Shimen in Zhongtiaoshan District, Shanxi Province For bluish gray, grayish white fine-grained quartzose sandstone Proterozoic Homonymous with Shihmen Conglomerate. Shimenchong Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangcheng Sheet Shimenchong in Shangcheng County, Henan Province For schist with interbeds of marble Early Paleozoic.

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Shimengou Formation (1) ( 1) No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuwei Sheet Shimengou in Gansu Province Homonym: Shimengou Formation (2), (3).

Shimengou Formation (2) ( 2) Zhang Wu, Dong Guiyi, 1984, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 23(3). First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Zhao Zongpu & Zhao Baolin Shimengou in Liaoning Province Early Jurassic Homonymous with Shimengou Formation (1).

Shimengou Formation (3) ( 3) Li Peijuan, He Yuanliang, Wu Xiangnong, Mei Shengwu, Li Bingyou, 1988,

Early and Middle Jurassic Stratigraphy and Flora of the Northeastern Margin of Qaidam Basin, Nanjing: Nanking University Press. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Qinghai Team of Coal Field Physical Exploration and Survey Shimengou at the northeast margin of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province Mid Jurassic Homonymous with Shimengou Formation (1); Shimengou Formation (3) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shimengoucun Formation () Chen Zhepei, Huang Xiangding, Zhong Shengzhong, 1995, Geology and Geography of Hainan, (2) Shimengou village in Penglai Town, Wenchang City, Hainan Province For tuffaceous sandstone, agglomerate, breccia limestone with interbeds of basalt Pliocene. Shimenkan Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoxing Sheet Shimenkan close to Huangdianzi, Baoxing County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Yanjing Group, for metamorphic volcanic rocks composed of rhyolite with interbeds of porphyry, andesite and tuffite Sinian Homonymous with Shimenkan Group. Shimenkan Group () No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xichang Sheet Shimenkan in Sichuan Province For the sum of Huanggexi Formation, Sifengya Formation, Daluzhai Formation and Ganheba Formation Early-Mid Silurian Homonym: Shimenkan Formation. Shimentan Formation () Shanghai Integrative Research Team of Marine Geology, Ministry of Geology

and Mineral Resources & Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1989, Cenozoic Paleontological Fauna of the Continental Shelf Basin of East China Sea, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Shanghai Integrative Research Team of Marine Geology, Ministry of

1004

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geology and Mineral Resources Shimentan well no.1, in the continental shelf of East China Sea For red beds and dark sandy mudstone Palaeocene. Shimenya Formation () Ding Peizhen, 1989, Bulletin of Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (15): 73-86 Shimenya in Xikou, Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province For gray thick-bedded limestone Early Permian Shimenya Formation is the form of litho-

stratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shimogou Formation () Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhongwei Sheet Shimogou in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous Synonymous with Tupo Formation.

Shinacun Formation ($) No.132 Qinghai Coal Field Geology Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:100 000 Scale Coal Field Geological Map of Xining City Shinacun in Xining City, Qinghai Province Early Jurassic Synonymous with Daxigou Formation.

Shinao Formation () Shinao Group Mao Zhizhong, Chen Deqing, 1979, Regional Geology of Guizhou, (2) Shinao in Pan County, Guizhou Province Dealing with the sum of

original Pengjiatun Formation and Shangba Formation, for brownish red gravelbearing calcareous siltstone, mudstone and calcareous conglomerate, with coal seams and parti-coloured beds Eocene. Shinaofeng Sandstone (") Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 180. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by No.119 North China Coal Field Geology Team Shinaofeng hill in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province For yellowish green greywacke Late Permian. Shiniushan Formation () Feng Zongzhi et al., 1991, Bulletin of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (9) Shiniushan close to Xiangxi, Xianyou County, Fujian Province For purplish red tuffaceous rudite, siltstone, mudstone, rhyolitic breccia tuffite with interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone Late Cretaceous.

Shipai Formation (5) Huang Zhenguo, Li Pingri, Zhang Zhongying, Li Konghong, Qiao Pengnian,

1982, The Formation and Evolution of Zhujiang Delta, Guangzhou: Guangzhou Branch of Popular Science Press Shipai in Dongguan County, Guangdong Province For gray rudite and sands Pleistocene.

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Shipao Formation () Zhang Zhengxian, 1982, Oil and Gas Geology of Guangxi, (1) Shipao in Yulin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For volcanic clastic rock, mudstone with interbeds of conglomerate and limestone Early Triassic. Shipapan Formation ( ) Shipapan Limestone Obata T, 1939, Bull. Inst. Nat. Sci. Shanghai, (8) Shipapan hill in Western Hills, Peking Municipality For brown, dark gray shaly limestone Late Cambrian.

Shipeng Member (!) Hou Hongfei, Xian Siyuan, 1975, Early and Late Devonian Brachiopod of Guangxi and Guizhou, in Contribution to Stratigraphy and Paleontology, (1) Shipeng in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a component member within the base of the Szupai Formation Mid Devonian. Shipi Formation (") Ho C S, Chan H F, Pan C W, Yang Y T, 1954, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (6) Shipi village, close to Nanchuang, Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Miocene Homonymous with Shihpi Limestone. Shiping Formation () Yang Zhihua, 1991, Tectonic Lithofacies and Mineralization in Marginal Transformed Basin, Beijing: Science Press Shiping Township in Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province For fine-grained conglomerate, breccia and quartzose sandstone Mid Devonian. Shipingding Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Shipingding close to Chenyu lake, Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For basalt, andesite Pliocene-Pleistocene. Shiqiangzi Member (%) Wang Shouyi, 1988, in Wu Tieshan et al., 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Shiqiangzi in Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province A component member of the Dabeigou Formation, for gray white rhyolitic breccia lava Late Jurassic. Shiqianzhuang Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for

1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Haiyang, Chaoli, Wendeng, Weihai Sheet Shiqianzhuang in Jiaozhou City, Shandong Province A component formation

of the Qingshan Group, for rhyolitic tuffite, breccia, rhyolite, obsidian and perlite Early Cretaceous.

1006

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shiqiao Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shiqiao in Cangwu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the lower continental part within the original Shiqiao Group Early Devonian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Shiqiao Group (1). Shiqiao Group (1) ( 1) Guangxi Integrative Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, The Opinion about the Devonian Startigraphic Classification of Guangxi, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 24-34 Shiqiao in Cangwu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the sum of Shiqiao Formation and Hexian Formation Early Devonian Synonymous with the Lienhuashan Formation; Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Shiqiao Formation; Homonym: Shiqiao Group (2). Shiqiao Group (2) ( 2) Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xu Xuesi ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (32), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangsu Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 12. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team Shiqiao in Ganyu County, Jiangsu Province For metamorphic quartzose sandstone with interbeds of dolomite Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Shiqiao Group (1), Shihchiao Formation. Shiqiaopu Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 22. First appeared in a 1993 manuscript by Peng Jishu et al. Shiqiaopu close to Shimenqian, Longhui County, Hunan Province For volcanic breccia, tuffaceous sandstone and silty slate Neoproterozoic. Shiqinggou Formation ( ) No.4 Institute of Geological Survey of Jilin, 1991, Jilin Geology, (4) Shiqinggou in southeastern Jilin Province A component formation of the local Laoling Group, for metamorphic carbonaceous feldspar quartzite, marble and carbonaceous slate Proterozoic Synonymous with Banfanggou Formation. Shiqipo Formation (9) Mu Enzhi, Chen Ting’en, 1984, New information on the Silurian strata of southern Tibet, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 49-55 Shiqipo, west of Yali, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the lower part of the original Shiqipo

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Group Silurian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Shiqipo Group. Shiqipo Group (9) Mu Enzhi, Yin Jixiang, Wen Shixuan, Wang Yigang, Zhang Binggao, 1973, Science in China, 1973(1) Shiqipo, west of Yali, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the sum of Shiqipo Formation and Pulu Formation Silurian Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Shiqipo Formation.

Shiquanhe Group (") Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Shiquanhe river in Tibet Autonomous Region Palaeogene-Neogene.

Shirebuka Group () Sun Dongli, 2000, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet

Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000, Geological Evolution of the Karakoram-Kunlun Mountains, Beijing: Science Press, 35 Shirebuka close to Qiangduo, east of Geji County, Qiangtang District, Tibet Autonomous Region For volcanic breccia tuffite Devonian. Shirenzigou Limestone () Tan Deyao, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Urumqi Sheet Shirenzigou close to Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone Carboniferous.

Shirigu Formation (“ ” ) Osborn H F, 1930, Livre Jubilaire, Centenaries Geol. Soc. France For sands and clay with fragments of dinosaurs’ fossils Early Cretaceous.

Shisanjianfang Formation ( /) Zhai Renjie, Zheng Jiajian, Tong Yongsheng, 1978, Stratigraphy of the Mammal-

bearing Tertiary of the Turfan Basin, Sinkiang, Mem. Inst. Vert. Paleont. Paleoant., Academia Sinica, ser.A, (13): 81-83 Shisanjianfang Station, east of Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish white, gray, grayish red conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone and muddy sandstone, grayish green, dark red mudstone with interbeds of marls and conglomerate lenticle, rudite and marls Eocene Synonym: Bakan Formation. Shishan Formation () Chen Zhepei, Zhong Shengzhong, 1991, Regional Geology of China, 1991(4) Shishan in Qiongshan County, Hainan Province For agglomerate breccia lava basalt Holocene.

1008

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shishan Formation (") Shishan Peat Guo W K, Yeh C C, 1942, Temporary Report of Southwest Exploration of Mineral Resources, (26) Shishan in Qiaojia County, Yunnan Province For peat beds Quaternary. Shishanguanzhuang Formation () Cheng Zhizhong, 1990, Geology of Shandong, 6(1) Shishanguanzhuang in YishuiTown, Yishui County, Shandong Province For granulite Archean. Shishugou Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kamusite Sheet. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Fan Chenglong Shishugou, north of Jimusa County, Kalamaili District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mid-Late Jurassic. Shishuyuan Formation (%) Jin Wenshan, 1991, Henan Geology, 9(4). First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Shishuyuan in Nanshao County, Henan Province For quartz schist, metamorphic quartzose sandstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle Palaeozoic. Shitaijie Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linru Sheet Shitaijie village in Yanglou Township, Ruzhou City ( original Linru County), Henan Province For alternating beds of red, grayish purple conglomerate, sandstone, sandy mudstone and sandy shale Oligocene. Shitang Diamictite () Shitang Till Yang Chaoqun, Pei Taichang, 1963, Geological Review, 21(2): 106 Shitang village in Jingzhuang Town, Fengkai County, Guangdong Province For yellowish brown clay, mudstone and sandstone Pleistocene.

Shitigou Formation (") Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 12. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Rich Iron Team, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shitigou in Linru County, Songshan Area, Henan province For phyllite, quartz schist, with interbeds of chlorite schist Archean. Shitouhe Formation () Dai Yongding, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol. 1, Beijing: Science Press Shitouhe at the west bank of Gangou, 60 km northwest of Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province For metamorphic

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black mica-sandstone with interbeds of andesite and dolomite Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Shihtouho Formation. Shitoushan Limestone (") First appeared in Li Yong et al., 2000, New Development of Stratigraphy in Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in Editorial Committee of the Proceeding of Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China ed., Proceedings of Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China (Beijing, 2000), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 397-400 Shitoushan in northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tibet Autonomous Region For a exotic block limestone containing Early Permian ammonites fossils in the Triassic strata Early Permian.

Shitsuan Formation () Shitsuan Sandstone Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.1, pt.1, 300 Shiquan (Shitsuan) County ( at the northern bank of HanJiang River), Shaanxi Province For sandstone Jurassic.

Shitsui Schist () Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, pt.1, 99-152 Shizui (Shitsui) in Wutai County, Shanxi Province For gray micaceous schist-gneiss with interbeds of thick-bedded quartzite Proterozoic.

Shiwangzhuang Formation () You Wendeng, 1988, Geology of Shandong, 4(1) Shiwangzhuang in Naliu Town, Anqiu City, Shandong Province A component formation of Tumen Group, for, sandy limestone, dolomite with interbed of shales Sinian.

Shiwuzi Formation () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Shiwuzi in Hubei Province Early Silurian.

Shixia Formation () Huang Baoyu, Guo Shuyuan, 1981, Bulletin of Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (4) Shixia close to Tongya village, Yangyuan County, Hebei Province For dark brownish red clay, conglomerate, sands and gravel beds Pliocene.

Shixiagou Formation () Pan Jian, Wang Shitao, Liu Shiyu, Gu Qichang, Jia Han, 1980, Acta Geologica Sinica, 54(3): 176-185. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.3 Element of Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team Shixiagou in Niushoushan, Zongning County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For quartzose sandstone with interbeds of gravel-bearing sandstone, purple feldspathic quartzose sandstone with interbeds of siltstone and pink sandstone Mid Devonian.

1010

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shiyang Group (&) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 109. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Ma Lifang Shiyang in Zhejiang Province For the sum of Xiaxiang Formation, Heli Formation and Kangshan Formation Early Silurian. Shiyangsi Sandstone ( ) Lee Y Y, 1940, Geological Review, 5(5): 493 Shiyangsi in Jianwei County, Sichuan Province For sandstone Jurassic. Shiyanhe Formation () Pei Fang, Cai Shuhua, 1987, Ordovician Conodont of Henan, Wuhan: Wuhan College of Geology Press. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Yan Guoshun Shiyanhe in Henan Province For tuffaceous rudite, volcanic breccia Late Ordovician. Shiyanpu Formation () Tien C C, 1928, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (2): 3 Shiyanpu, 18 km southeast of Changsha City, Hunan Province Mid Devonian. Shiyantou Member () Luo Huilin, Jiang Zhiwen, Tang Liangdong, 1994, Stratotype Section for Cambrian Stages of China, Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press, 1-183 Shiyantou close to Heilinpu, eastern Yunnan Province A component member in the lower part of Heilinpu Formation (original Chiungchussu Formation) Early Cambrian Synonymous with Badaowan Member. Shiyanzi Formation () Tian Zaiyi et al., 2000, The Development of Triassic-Jurassic Stratigraphy in Liupanshan Basin, in Editorial Committee of the Proceeding of Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China ed., Proceedings of Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China (Beijing: 2000), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 169-173 Shiyanzi in Tanshan, Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For grayish white, grayish yellow gravel-bearing sandstone, with interbeds of grayish green, grayish yellow mudstone Mid Juassic. Shiyao Member () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 214 Shiyao close to Yungang, Datong City, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component member within the local Yunkang Formation, for alternating beds of yellowish green, dark purplish red sandstone Mid Jurassic.

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Shiyaoao Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jingle Sheet Shiyaoao in Lanxian County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the lower part of Lanxian Group,

for thick-bedded quartzite with interbeds of phyllite, green schist and crystalline dolomite Palaeoproterozoic. Shiyingliang Formation () Wang Yunshan, Zhuang Qingxing, Shi Congyan, Liu Jiying, Zheng Liangchi, Qonj Group along the northern border of Qaidam Basin, in Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 214-230 Shiyingliang in Wulan County, Qinghai Province Dealing with a component formation within the Qonj Group, for grayish green quartzite, quartzitic sandstone with interbeds of glauconitic-quartz siltstone, muddy siltstone and basalt Sinian. Shiyougou Beds ( ) Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Gansu Geology, (2): 6-7 Shiyougou in Gansu Province Oligocene. Shiyu Formation () Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shiyu village in Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province For the archaeological cultural relic-bearing beds Pleistocene Shiyu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with archaeostratigraphic meaning. Shizhaobi Limestone (") Sha Shaoli, 1998, Yunnan Geology, 17(4): 1-16 Shizhaobi in Diancangshan, Dali City, Yunnan Province For crystalline limestone Palaeozoic(?). Shizhapo Group () Li Yong et al., 2000, New Development of Stratigraphy in Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in Editorial Committee of the Proceeding of Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China ed., Proceedings of Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China (Beijing, 2000), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 397-400 Shizhapo in Kekexili, Qinghai Province For tectonic schist Late Carboniferous. Shizhuang Formation () Yin Fengjuan et al., 1984, New views about the Early Jixiannian strata in the juncture of three provinces of Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan, in Northwest University ed., 1984, Proceedings of Science Report Meeting of 45th Anniversary of the Founding of Northwest University, Xi’an: Shaanxi Science and Technology Press Shizhuang in Shaanxi Province Mesoproterozoic.

1012

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shizhou Member () Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1965, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1965(12) Shizhou in Liujing, Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish

yellow mudstone with interbeds of biolimestone, fine-grained quartzitic sandstone Early Devonian.

Shizigou Formation (1) (" 1) Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China,

Beijing: Science Press, 15. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Zhu Zonghao Shizigou in eastern Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For sandy mudstone, muddy siltstone with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Pliocene Homonym: Shizigou Formation (2). Shizigou Formation (2) (" 2) Zhang Yiyong, Lan Xiu, Yang Hengren, 2000, Biostratigraphy of Paleocene and

Neocene, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979–1999), Hefei: China University of Science and Technology Press, 362, table 18-3 Shizigou in Chijiang Basin, Jiangxi Province Paleocene Homonymous with Shizigou Formation (1). Shizikou Formation (1) (" 1) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongbai Sheet Shizikou in Hubei Province Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Shihtzukou Formation.

Shizikou Formation (2) (" 2) Tong Yongsheng, Zhang Yuping, Wang Banyue, Ding Suyin, 1976, The Lower Tertiary of the Nanxiong and Chijiang Basins, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 14(1): 16-25 Shizikou village in Qinglong Township, Dayu County, Jiangxi Province For the red clastic rocks belong to Early-Mid Paleocene within the lower part of the regional Chijiang Formation Paleocene Homonymous with Shihtzukou Formation and Shizikou Formation (1); Shizikou Formation (2) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shizikou Group (") Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Method of Geological Maping by Lithostratigraphic Units in Shengqiao Area, Lujiang County, Anhui Province, Hefei: Anhui Science and Technology Press, 198 Shizikou in Shengqiao, Lujiang County, Anhui Province Homonymous with Shihtzukou Formation (1), Shizikou Formation (1). Shiziling Formation () Wang Zhen, 1978, Paleocene Chara of Jianghan Basin, Memoirs of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, (in Chinese), (9): 101-128 Shiziling in Hubei Province Paleocene.

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Shizishan Formation (") Duan Xinhua, 1982, Continental Devonian System in Western Yunnan, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (10), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shizishan close to Guanshang, Yinjiang County, Yunnan Province For light gray quartzose sandstone with interbeds of siltstone Early Devonian Homonymous with Shitzushan Limestone (1). Shiziyuan Formation (") Yang Zhihua, 1991, Tectonic Lithofacies and Mineralization in Marginal Transformed Basin, Beijing: Science Press Shiziyuan in Shaanxi Province Mid-Late Devonian. Shorbulak Formation () Shorbulak Series Norin E, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17 Shaoerbulake (Shorbulak) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A name oblitum. Shouchang Formation (' ) Gu Zhiwei et al., 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science PressShouchang County, Zhejiang Province For grayish green, purplish red sandstone and shale, with interbeds of volcanic rocks Early Cretaceous.

Shoufuhssu Limestone i.e. Shoufuszu Limestone. Shoufuszu Limestone (') Shoufuhssu Limestone Lee Y Y, Chu S, Chiu C, 1933, Ann. Rept., Academia Sinica Shoufosi (Shoufuszu), west of Quan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Late Devonian. Shoupingshan Formation ('$) Shoupingshan Series Su M S, 1944, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (6): 41 Shoupingshan, northwest of Jikouhe, north of Ebian County, Sichuan Province Cambrian.

Shoushan Formation (() Imamura Z, 1940, Bull. Geol. Inst. Manchukuo, (100): 159-170 Shoushan in Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province For black limestone, purplish gray tuffaceous sandstone, shale and dolomite Proterozoic. Shoushangou Formation (') Shoushangou Group Tao Nansheng et al., 1975, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, (1). First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Ye Zhizheng Shoushangou, 3 km east of Yumuqiaozi Township, Huadian County, Jilin Province For grayish white limestone with interbeds of purple muddy limestone, phyllitic siltstone Late Permian Synonym: Qingfengshan Formation; Shoushangou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shouxian Formation (') Compiling Group for Anhui Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Anhui Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shouxian County, Anhui Province Synonymous with Sishilichangshan Formation.

Shouxinghu Formation () ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Shouxinghu in Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark, dark gray quartzose sandstone with interbeds of sandstone, siltstone, sandy shale and phyllite Mid Ordovician.

Shouyangshan Formation (') Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Shouyangshan in Wutai County, Shanxi Province A subdivision of the Nantai Formation, for metamorphic greywacke, quartzite, and gravel-bearing quartzite, with phyllitic slate Palaeoproterzoic.

Shuangchiaoshan Group ( ) Shangchiao Formation, Shuangchiaoshan Series Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stra-

tigraphy of China, pt.1, Paleozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 517, pl. VI. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang C C & Lee C Y, Wang et al.’s paper “Geological Reconnaissance along the Projected Railway Line from Nanchang to Fuchow” was published in 1930, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14). Later, revised as Shuangchiaoshan Series by Lee C Y in 1933 in “Geology of Hsiushui valley of northern Kisangsi”, Contr. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (3): 20-36 Shuangjiaoshan(Shuangchiaoshan, misunderstanding of Shuangjiaoshan), north of Wuning County, Jiangxi Province Sinian. Shuangding Gneiss ( ) Guo W K, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 64 Shuangding close to Linglong, Zhaoyuan County, Shandong Province For gneiss Proterozoic.

Shuangfang Formation ( ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet Shuangfang village in Shaoyuan Township, Jiyuan County, Henan province For schist with interbeds of quartzite and marbles Palaeoproterozoic.

Shuangfeng Limestone ( ) Gu Jiayu, 1997, Contribution to the 30th International Geological Conference (Beijing, 1996), vol. 11, Stratigraphy (in English), VSP Shuangfeng in southwestern Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray marls and thin-bedded mudstone Carboniferous.

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Shuangfu Formation ( ) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 79. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript of Report of Petroleum by Geology Team, Department of Petroleum, Anhui Bureau of Fuel Shuangfu Township in Taihe County, Anhui Province For brown sands and mud Paleocene. Shuanghe Formation (1) (  1) Mu Enzhi, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Junyuan, Rong Jiayu, 1978, The Ordovician strata in the vicinity of Shuanghe district of Sichuan, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(2): 105-121 Shuanghe Town in Changning County, Sichuan Province For grayish yellow quartzose sandstone, shale and mudstone Early Ordovician Homonym: Shuanghe Formation (2); Shuanghe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shuanghe Formation (2) (  2) Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shuanghe in Shaanxi Province Silurian Homonymous with Shuanghe Formation (1). Shuanghechang Formation ( ) Shuanghechang Group Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chengkouwuxi Sheet Shuanghechang close to Tianba, Chengkou County, Sichuan Province Early Silurian Shuanghechang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shuanghu Group ( ) Wu Ruizhong, Chen Dequan, et al., 1986, Stratigraphic Systems of Qiangtang District, Northern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (9), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shuanghu County, Tibet Autonomous Region A component formation of Suonahu Group , for red, lateritic red mudstone, muddy siltstone, sandstone, coarse-grained sandstone, and conglomerate, with interbeds of gypsum and salt rocks Neocene. Shuangjiakou Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 84. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Liu Yiren & Fu Hanying Shuangjiakou village in Qidong County, Hunan Province For silicalite with interbeds of sandy shale Mid Ordovician Shuangjiakou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

1016

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shuangjianshan Formation ( ) Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Suixian Sheet Shuangjianshan in Jingshan County, Hubei Province For dark gray limestone, carbonaceous limestone or muddy limestone Early Cambrian Synonym: Dayanjiao Formation. Shuangjiaoshan Group ( ) Shuangchiaoshan Series Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt. 1, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, 517. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang C C & Lee Y Y, Wang & Lee’s paper was published in 1930 (Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14)); Lee Y Y revised as Shuangjiaoshan Group in 1933 (Contr. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (3)) Shuangjiaoshan, north of Wuning County, Jiangxi Province For phyllite and slate Presinian Synonym: Shuangchiaoshan Formation. Shuangjing Formation ( ) Shuangching Limestone Yuan P L, 1948, Science Report of Tsinghua University, ser.3, 1(3): 215-228 Shuangjing (Shuangching), 100 km northeast of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone Early Carbonifer-

ous. Shuangjing Member ( ) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jianshui Sheet Shuangjing in Yunnan Province Mid Devonian. Shuangjingzi Formation ( ) Hu Zejin, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Liaoning Province (part of Zhaowuda League) Shuangjingzi in Xiaochengzi Township, 60 km southeast of Linxi County, Zhaowuda League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gneiss with interbeds of marble lenticles Early Silurian. Shuanglanggou Formation ( $) Du Yuansheng, Li Guancheng, Zhao Xiwen, 1988, Earth Science, 13(5) Shuanglanggou close to Dongshan, Xihe County, Gansu Province For a component formation of Sihanshui Group Late Devonian. Shuanglongshan Member ( ) Liu Buchang, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huaan Sheet Shuanglongshan in Heilongjiang Province Early Permian. Shuanglongtan Formation ( ) Jiang Nengren, Wang Zunzhou, Chen Yongguang, 1964, Acta Geologica Sinica, 44(2): 137-155 Shuanglongtan, west of Qujing County, Yunnan Province For gray limestone, mudstone, dolomite with interbeds of shales and sandstones Mid Cambrian.

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Shuanglungssu Limestone ( ) Huang Y S, 1940, Geology of the Iron Ore Deposits of Imen, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Shuanglongsi (Shuanglungssu) in Yimen County, Yunnan Province For limestone Late Sinian.

Shuangmaidi Group ( ) No.3 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Shuangmaidi in Yunnan Province Late Cambrian Synonymous with Hetaoping Formation; A group without

any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Shuangmiao Formation ( ) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of

Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 156. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Shuangmiao in Lujiang County, Anhui Province For parti-coloured tuffaceous breccia, siltstone, calcareous mudstone and parti-coloured basalt Late Jurassic. Shuangputang Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by Guo Jingxin Shuangputang in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For volcanic clastic rocks Permian. Shuangqiao Formation ( ) Luo Jinding, 1962, Proceedings of Abstract of 1962 Annual Meeting of Geological Society of China Shuangqiao village, 19 km east of Zhongdian County, Yunnan Province For slate with interbeds of sandstone and limestone lenticle Late Carboniferous.

Shuangqiaoshan Group ( ) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Juxian Sheet Shuangqiaoshan in Zhejiang Province Proterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of strati-

graphical classification. Shuangqiaozi Formation ( ) Yang Yaoyu, Qu Guansheng, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Muling Sheet, Dongning County Sheet Shuangqiaozi close to Suiyang Town, Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province For metamorphic volcanic rocks, with interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone and phyllite Early Permian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shuangshanzi Group ( ) Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Shengzhi ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (13), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hebei Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 8. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Zhang Shuye Shuanshanzi in Hebei Province Archean. Shuangshihtang Quartzite (  ) Zhang Zhongyin, Zhang Zhuoyun, Zhang Liangchen, Feng Zengzhao, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 85 Shuangshitang (Shuangshihtang) in Miyun County, Hebei Province(today Miyun County in Beijing Municipality) For quartzite Proterozoic. Shuangshitou Formation ( ) Nie Zongsheng, Zhao Buyi, Song Dake, 1959, Dedicated to First National Stratigraphical Conference by Beijing College of Geology, (3): 9-24 Shuangshitou village, 2 km east of Shangcheng County, Henan Province For sandstone, with

interbeds of conglomerate and the alternating beds of quartzose sandstone and carbonaceous slate Carboniferous-Permian. Shuangshuimo Formation ( ) Zhang Qiusheng, Zhu Yongzheng, et al., 1980, Metamorphic Stratigraphy of Eastern Qinling Mountain, China, Changchun: Jilin People’s Publishing House Shuangshuimo in Shaanxi Province Palaeoproterozoic. Shuangtai Formation ( ) Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhushan Sheet Shuangtai in Hubei Province For a component formation of the local Wutang Group Mesoproterozoic. Shuangtaling Formation ( ) Jiang Chunchao, 1975, Precambrian of Liaoning District, Research on Geology and Mineral Resources, (Supplement), (4) Shuangtaling, 5 km west of Longchang Township, Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province A component formation of Kuan-

dian Group, for schist with interbeds of leptynite, amphibolite and quartzite Palaeoproterozoic.

Shuangtasi Formation ( ) Shuangtasi Group, Shuangta Group Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuanchen, Guangde Sheet Shuangtasi in Xuancheng County (today Xuanzhou City), Anhui Province Paleocene-Eocene. Shuangtsuan Formation ( ) Shuangtsuan Series Chi Y S, Pan C A, 1933, On the Existence of the Shuantsuan Series and its Triassic flora in Hsishan or the Western Hills of Peiping, Bull. Geol.

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Soc. China, 12(4): 491-504 Shuangquan (Shuangtsuan) temple, close to Badachu, Western Hills, Beijing Municipality Late Permian. Shuangtuikang Formation ( ') Chen K T, 1949, Geological Review, 14(1/3): 67 Shuangduigang (Shuangtuikang) in Huaxian County, Guangdong Province For yellow shale, with interbeds of sandstone and limestone lenticle Early Carboniferous. Shuangxiandaban Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Rotu Sheet Shuangxiandaban in Duoma district, 380 km northeast of Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark limestone Carboniferous. Shuangxiwu Group ( ) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhiji Sheet. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Zhang Jiankang & Ma Ruishi Shuangxiwu village in Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province For the sum of Pingshui Formation, Beiwu Formation, Yanshan Formation and Zhangcun Formation Mesoproterozoic. Shuangyang Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaguan Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Shuangyang in Diancangshan, Yunnan Province For a component formation of Tsang Shan Group Proterozoic or Cambrian-Ordovician. Shuangyangfeng Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8 Shuangyangfeng in Yunnan Province For a component formation within the upper part of the Tsang Shan Group Palaeoproterozoic. Shuangyuzui Formation ( ) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Rongxian Sheet Shuangyuzui close to Dapoxu, Pingnan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For purplish red sandstone and siltstone with interbeds of mudstone Late Cretaceous. Shuanmachuang Formation ( ) Shuanmachuang Coal Series Sun C C , 1934, Geology of Suiyuan & Southwest Chahar, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (12): 1-66 Shuanmazhuang(Shuanmachuang), 5 km north of Shetai Town, Anbei County, Wulate Qian Banner, Inner Mon-

1020

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

golia Autonomous Region For fine-grained conglomerate and sandstone, with interbeds of shales and coal seams Late Carboniferous-Permian. Shugongsi Quartzite (* ) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 65 Shugongsi close to Yaochi village, Wutai County, Shanxi Province A component member of Yaochi Formation, for thickbedded white quartzite Palaeoproterozoic. Shuguang Formation (+) Li Weirong, 1986, Jurassic Longzhaogou Group of Eastern Heilongjiang [Ge-

ological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (2)Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Shuguang in Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province For a component formation within the Longzhaogou Group Late Jurassic. Shuhe Formation () Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team & Nanjing Institute of Geology and

Palaeontology, 1982, Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Western Sichuan and Eastern Tibet, (1), Chengdu: Sichuan People’s Publishing House. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by North China Institute of Geology Shuhe Township in Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province For limestone with interbeds of sandstone and shales Early-Mid Triassic. Shuibashan Member () Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingren, Anlong Sheet Shuibashan close to Huagong, Qinglong County, Guizhou Province For a component member within the Yak-

outian Formation, the name is changed from the original Baomoshan Formation Early Permian Synonymous with Baomoshan Formation.

Shuibei Sandstone () Guo Bokang, Zhang Youming, 1959, Acta Geologica Sinica, 39(1): 85,93 Shuibei Township in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province For sandstone Early Jurassic Synonym: Linshan Group.

Shuichang Formation () Wang Qichao, Zhang Shaoqing, Qi Honglie, 1994, Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources of North China, 9(1): 47-63 Shuichang in Qianxi County, Hebei Province Dealing with a component formation within the lower part of the Qianxi Group, for epicrustal rock Archean.

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Shuichangjing Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 135 Shuichangjing in Eryuan County, Yunnan Province For dolomitic limestone and limestone with interbeds of silicalite Late Carboniferous. Shuichangliu Formation (&) Geographic name Shuichangliu was Romanized as Suityoryu or Suichoryu by the Japanese (LSI) Hayasaka I T, Tomita Y, Tan K, 1936, Report on the Geology of the Damaged Area of the Taiwan Earthquake of 1935, in The Taiwan Earthquake of 1935 Shuichangliu village, close to Guoxing in Nantou County, Taiwan Province Composed mainly of a black shale intercalated with dark gray quartzose sandstone Eocene. Shuicheng Formation () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 1975, Mesozoic Red Beds of

Yunnan, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by No. 16 Yunnan Geology Team Shuicheng close to Mengyejing, Jiangcheng County, Yunnan Province For white quartzite Early Cretaceous Synonym: Pashahe Formation. Shuicheping Formation () Hou T F, Chao K H, Chien S C, Cao K C, 1944, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (6) Shuicheping between Qianjiang County and Youyang County, Sichuan Province For shale and quartzose sandstone Late Devonian. Shuidigou Formation () Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 22. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Shuidigou in Lushan County, Henan Province For a component formation within the Taihua Group Archean. Shuidishan Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang, ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 144. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team Shuidishan in Guangdong province For alternating beds of black phyllitic shale, mudstone, tuffaceous siltstone Late Jurassic. Shuidong Member ( ) Shuidong Formation Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Ge-

1022

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

ology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 86. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Peng Yuqiong who worked in Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team Shuidong in Tonghua County, Jilin Province For the phosphorite-bearing conglomerate and clastic rocks part within the lower part of the Heigouzi Formation Early Cambrian Shuidonggou Formation (1) (  1) Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Northwest Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Shuidonggou in Shuanghe Town, Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province For parti-coloured phyllite with interbeds of metamorphic quartzose sandstone, sandstone and conglomerate Late Silurian Homonym: Shuidonggou Formation (2). Shuidonggou Formation (2) (  2) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 229. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team Shuidonggou in Ningwu County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For gray sand and gravel beds, grayish black peat beds, sandy clay and yellow fine-grained sand beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Shuidonggou Formation (1). Shui’ermiao Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Shen Yulian Shui’ermiao in Sichuan Province Mesoproterozoic. Shuifangjie Member () Shuifangjie Formation Yin Jixiang, Fang Zhongjing, 1973, Marine Jurassic in Western Yunnan, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1973(3): 236-243 Shuifangjie in Chonggang Area, Yongde (Zhenkang) County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a component member within the local Mengjia Formation, for yellow quartzose sandstone with interbeds of purple sandy mudstone, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone Mid Jurassic.

Shuigoukou Formation () Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology Shuigoukou village in Wangjiadian Township, Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province For black

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siliceous schist, carbonaceous shale, aluminous shale, limestone and silicalite, with interbeds of phyllite Early Cambrian. Shuijiawan Formation () Zhang Zhenlai, Meng Fansong, 1987, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (4), Triassic-Jurassic Period, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shuijiawan in Hubei Province Mid Triassic.

Shuijing Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingwu Sheet Shuijing Township, close to Fujian, north of Pingwu County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Pikou Group, for dolomite and dolomitic limestone Sinian. Shuijing Formation () Mo Zhusun, Tu H L, 1943, Chihkan Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (1): 126 Shuijing village, east of Libu, Lianxian County, Guangdong Province Early Carboniferous. Shuijingbian Member () Xian Siyuan, Zhou Xiyun, 1978, Early Devonian Stratigraphic Classification and Correlation of Northeastern Yunnan, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 76-183 Shuijingbian in Zhaotong County, Yunnan Province Mid Devonian. Shuijingtang Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 125 Shuijingtang in Xintian County, Hunan Province For the limestone strata body changed from the local Hsikuangshan Limestone Late Devonian. Shuijingtuo Formation () Zhang Wentang, Li Jijin, Qian Yiyuan, Zhuzhaoling, Chen Chuzhen, Zhang Shouxin, 1957, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1957(5): 145-146 Shuijingtuo, southeast of Shipai village, Sandouping, Yichang County, Yangtze Gorges Area, Hubei Province Dealing with the lower part of the original Shipai Formation, for shales and the alternating beds of shales and thin-bedded limestone Early Cambrian. Shuikotsun Diorite (<) Meng H M, 1930, Geology of Shaohsing, Chekiang Province and its neighbouring district with special reference to the Lead, Zine Deposits around Huang Shan, Chihkan Nat. Res. Ins. Geol. Nanking, (10): 52-78 Shuikou village in Zhejiang Province For diorite Pre-Ordovician.

1024

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shuikou Formation (1) ( 1) Shuikou Series Heim A, Craf K K, Lee C S, 1930, Special Paper of Geological Survey of Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (7): 4-5 Shuikou village, 8 km northwest of Zhuangzhou, Guangdong Province For red clay stone with interbeds of thinbedded sandstone and gray quartzite Mid Carboniferous Homonym: Shuikou

Formation (2). Shuikou Formation (2) ( 2) Shuikou Series Meng H M, Chang K, 1933, Fourth Annual Report of Nature Resources, Academia Sinica (1932–1933) Shuikou in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Cambrian Homonymous with Shuikou Formation (1).

Shuilien Conglomerate (%) Geographic name Shuilien was Romanized as Suiren by the Japanese (LSI) Usami M, 1939, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Karenko Sheet Shuilen close to Shouchuang, northern part of coastal range, Hualien County, Taiwan Province For conglomerate Pliocene.

Shuilikeng Formation ( ) Ho C S et al., 1956, Geology and coal deposits of the Chichitashan area, Nantou, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (9) Shuilikeng, east of Nantou County, Taiwan Province For the sum of Shihmen Member, Changhukeng Shale Member and Shenkeng Sandstone Member Miocene.

Shuilin Formation (,) Shuilin Member Bai Shunliang et al., 1982, Devonian Biostratigraphy of Guangxi and Its Neighbouring District, Beijing: Peking University Press. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Peking University et al. Shuilin in Dale Township, Xiangzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish green shales Early Devonian.

Shuinan Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1: 200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaomi, Qingdao, Lingshanwei Sheet Shuinan village in Laiyang City, Shandong Province For gray calcareous siltstone, black shales, Oil shales and marls Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Hsuinan Com-

plex. Shuinichang Formation () Li Guangcen, Lin Baoyu, 1982, Probe into Several Geologic Problems on Eastern

Kunlun Mountain, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shuinichang close to Golmud City, Qinghai Province For dark gray limestone Late Ordovician.

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Shuiqing Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang YuanZhi ed.), 1996,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Shuiqing close to Changzhai, Mojiang County, Yunnan Province For gray, dark gray, grayish black, grayish green, grayish purple shales, siltstone and finegrained sandstone Early-Mid Silurian. Shuiquan Formation (1) ( 1) Shuiquan Beds Shang Ping, 1986, New contribution to the knowledge of the

Early Cretaceous coal-bearing strata of Fuxin Basin, western Liaoning, Journal of Stratigraphy, 10(2): 144-147 Shuiquan in Liaoning Province Dealing with a component formation within the upper part of Fuxin Group, for grayish white, grayish green sandstone with interbeds of rudite, mudstone and coal seams Early Cretaceous Homonym: Shuiquan Formation (2); Shuiquan Formation (1) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Shuiquan Formation (2) ( 2) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology

of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 314. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Liaoning Hydroligical Geology Team Shuiquan Town, Gazuo Banner (County), Liaoning Province For brownish red clay and grayish white sands and gravel, with interbeds of calcareous sands Pleistocene Homonymous with Shuiquan Formation (1). Shuiquancun Formation () Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shuiquan village in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Jurassic Synonymous with Chinkangshan Formation. Shuiquangou Formation () Hu Zejin, 1982, Regional Geology of China, (1): 65-73 Shuiquangoutun in Xiaochengzi Township, Linxi County, Zhaowuda League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For schist, phyllite with interbeds of metamorphic sandstone Mid Silurian. Shuiquanling Formation () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Shuiquanling close to Shuiquanwan village, Machuan Township, Pingliang County, Gansu Province For dolomitic limestone Early Ordovician Synonymous with Machiakou Limestone.

1026

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shuiquanzi Formation () Shuiquanzi Conglomerate Formation Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Late Palaeozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 73. First appeared in a manuscript by Jin Weijing et al. Shuiquanzi close to Heishan, Fuxin County, Liaoning Province For conglomerate Late Jurassic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Shuiquanzi Group.

Shuiquanzi Group () Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Late Palaeozoic Continental Stratigraphy of

China, Beijing: Science Press, 73. First appeared in a manuscript by Minagawa N Shuiquanzi close to Heishan, Fuxin County, Liaoning Province For the sum of Shuiquanzi Formation and Jiuchizi Formation Late Jurassic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Shuiquanzi Formation. Shuiquliu Formation ( ) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shulan Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Li Yongxiao Shuiquliu in Shulan street, Jilin Province For grayish green sandstone and shales Eocene-Oligocene.

Shuishi Formation () Compiling Group for Jiangxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Central-South China: Jiangxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Wei Xiuze Shuishi in Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province For grayish green, yellowish green slate, silty slate, with interbeds of quartzose sandstone and tuffaceous slate Late Cambrian. Shuisikou Group ( ) Shuisikou Series Yuan P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, pl.1 Shuixi-

gou (Shuisikou) close to Fuyuan, Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Jurassic. Shuitaolin Member (

)

Zhang Zengqi, Chi Shouxiang, Song Zhiyong, Zhang Shufang, 1994, Geology of

Shandong, (10), supplement. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by No.3 Shandong Geology Team Shuitaolin in Muping County, Shandong Province A component member within the upper part of Douya Formation, for schist, with interbeds of gneiss and leptynite Palaeoproterozoic. Shuitasi Formation () Shuitasi Series Yang C, 1957, Geological Review, 17(2): 164 Shuitasi, southwest of Wenquan, Western Hills, Beijing Municipality For rhyolitic tuffite Mid-

Late Jurassic.

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Shuitian Limestone ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 298. First appeared in a manuscript by Jiangxi Geology Research and Survey Team Shuitian Township in Jiyong County, Jiangxi Province For yellowish brown, purplish brown, and purplish red silty crystalline limestone with interbeds of siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate Paleocene-Eocene. Shuitungli Limestone ( ) Tien C C, Wang H C, Hsu Y T, 1933, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (15): 25 Shuidongli (Shuitungli), 70 km west of Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province For limestone Early Permian. Shuiwen Formation () Shuiwen Series Yao W K, 1934, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (5), pt.1 Shuiwenxu in Laibin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Triassic-Jurassic. Shuiyingou Member () Shuiyingou Metamorphic Volcanic Member Xu Chaolei, 1980, Geological Science and Technology of Shanxi, (3) Shuiyingou in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component member within the Jiangdaogou Formation of Songjiashan Group, for metamorphic basic volcanic rocks Archean-Proterozoic. Shuiyou Formation () Zhu Shixing, Chai Donghao, et al., 1975, On the Precambrian Geology and Stratigraphy of Zhongtiaoshan Mountain District, Shanxi, in Proceedings of Material of Symposium on Stratigraphy of North China Shuiyou in Shanxi Province For red quartzite Mesoproterozoic. Shuiyu Group () Shuiyu Series Qiao Xiufu, 1956, Geological Knowledge, (5) Shuiyu in Tangshan City, Hebei Province For the sum of Hsiamaling Shale and Chingeryu Limestone Early Cambrian. Shuiyuesi Group ( ) Li Fuxi, Nie Xuewu, 1987, Hubei Geology, (1) Shuiyuesi in Xingshan County, Hubei province For the sum of Huanglianghe Formation and Zhoujiahe Formation Palaeoproterozoic. Shuizhuhe Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lu’an Sheet, Yuexi Sheet Shuizhuhe village, southeast of Xiaotian Town, Shucheng County, Anhui Province A component formation of Tapeishan Complex, for gneiss with interbeds of marble Proterozoic.

1028

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Shuizhutang Formation () Hou Hongfei, Zhan Lipei, Chen Bingwei, 1979, Late Permian Coal-bearing Strata and Biofauna of Guangdong, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shuizhutang in Lian County, Guangdong Province For limestone and silicalite with interbeds of sandy shale Late Permian.

Shujiaba Group (,) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tianshui Sheet Shujiaba in Tianshi County, Gansu Province For light metamorphic fine-grained clastic rocks and small amount of carbonate rocks Early-Mid Devonian..

Shujiaping Formation (,) Shujiaping Member Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1964, Chinese Science Bulletin,

1964(9): 4. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Yunnan-Guizhou Department of Petroleum Exploration Shujiaping close to Houershan, Dushan County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of purplish red quartzose sandstone and black calcareous siltstone Early Devonian. Shujie Formation (-) Yan Yunqiao et al., 1986, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (7) Shujie in Yunnan Province Sinian.

Shujigou Formation (.) Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Re-

gional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Shujigou in Wulate Qian Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of conglomerate, quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of siltstone Palaeoproterozoic. Shujinggou Formation (/) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 77. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by No.214 Shanxi Geology Team Shujinggou in Wenxi County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the Tungkuangyu Group, for light metamorphic rhyolite with interbeds of tuffaceous lava and breccia Archean. Shulan Formation (,) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shulan Sheet Shulan County, Jilin Province For coalbearing strata Paleocene.

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Shuleiho Formation (0) Shuleiho Series Sun C C , 1942, Geological Review, 7(1/3): 20-21 Shulehe (Shuleiho), south of Yumen City, Gansu Province For light red clay beds, with gravel in the top Neogene Synonym: Kungho Formation. Shundianhe Formation (&) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 191. First appeared in a 1993 manuscript by No.5 Element of Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Shundianhe in Baxin Township, Wensha County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of grayish white silicalite and muddy limestone Carboniferous. Shunkengshan Sandstone () Hsien C Y, 1947, Geological Review, 12(5): 320 Shunkengshan in Shouxian County, Anhui Province For brownish yellow sandstone Mid Cambrian.

Shunshanji Formation () Zhai Renjie, Bi Zhiguo, Yu Zhenjiang, 1976, Stratigraphy of Eocene Zangshanji

Formation with notes on a new special of Eurymylid Mammal, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 14(2):100-103. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Shunshanji in Laian County, Anhui Province For gray sandstone, mudstone, marls, with gypsum, gravel-rudite and conglomerate Paleocene. Shunshanzi Formation () Shunshanzi Silicalite Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Shunshanzi in Benxi City, Liaoning Province For silicalite Late Carboniferous.

Shuolake Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gongliu Sheet Shuolake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous. Shuqiu Formation (1) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Shuqiu in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mid Ordovician.

Shushanhe Formation (,) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Wang Aimin Shushanhe close to Kapushaliang, Baicheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brownish red, brownish yellow bluish gray with interbeds of grayish

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

green mudstone, sandy mudstone, with interbeds of parti-coloured mudstone and sandstone bands Early Cretaceous. Shuweimenke Formation () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 127 Shuweimenke in Dulan County, Qinghai Province For grayish white, white, and rose limestone, dolomite, biolimestone Carboniferous-Permian. Shuyatun Group ( ) Li Xuelu, 1963, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Guanmenshan District of Liaoning Province Shuyatun in Tieling Pastureland Town, Liaoning Province For alternating beds of slate and dolomite Palaeoproterozoic. Siaohoungpo Formation (&) Horizon de Siao-houng-po Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Ser. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, pt.1, 152 Xiaohongpo (Siaohoungpo), 2 km east of Yiliang County, Yunnan Province For sandstone and marls Early Carboniferous Synonym: Hoang-Itien Formation. Siaolungtan Formation () Hsiaolungtan Lignite Wang C C, Lu C H, 1940, Geology of Niaoke the Coal Field, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33): 1-18 Xiaolongtan (Siaolungtan) close to Buzhaoba, 16 km northwest of Kaiyuan City, Yunnan Province For lignite-bearing lacustrine deposits Eocene. Siaochisze Limestone i.e. Hsiaohsissu Limestone. Sia Shu Loam i.e. Hsiasu Loam. Sibao Group () Zhan Taigui, Liang Jue, 1973, Geological Science and Technology, (5) Sibao in Luocheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the sum of Baiyanding Formation, Jiuxiao Formation, Yuxi Formation, Yaodeng Formation and Hecun Formation Mesoproterozoic. Sicha Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangjiakou Sheet Sicha close to Nantianmen, northwest of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province For a component formation within the lower part of original Nantienmen Formation Early Cretaceous Synonymous with Kalgan Formation.

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Sichakou Formation () Zhu Guolin, Yan Yongliang, 1980, in Zhang Qiusheng, 1980, Metamorphic Stratig-

raphy of Eastern Qinling Mountain, China, Changchun: Jilin People’s Publishing House. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional GeologicL Survey Team Sichakou in Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For quartz schist with interbeds of leptynite and marble Mesoproterozoic Synonym: Dazhengou Formation, Hongyagou Formation, Majie Formation and Guangdongping Formation. Sidao Formation () Sidao Conglomerate Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 142. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by No.7 Element of No.2 Jilin Institute of Regional Geological Survey Sidao close to Hengdaohezi, Huadian County, Jilin Province For sandstone and limestone, with conglomerate in the bottom Late Carboniferous. Sidaolazihe Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wusong County Sheet Sidaolazihe in Tonghua County, Jilin Province Dealing with a component formation of local original Anshan Group

(today referring to the lower part of Longgang Group), for various magmatic granite, granulite, gneiss, schist and amphibolite Archean. Sidazhai Formation () Xiao Weimin, Wang Hongdi, Zhang Linxin, Dong Wenlan, 1986, Early Permian

Stratigraphy and Faunas in Southern Guizhou, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House, 34 Sidazhai, 36 km south of Ziyun County, Guizhou Province A formation included Gaijiao Member and Chongtou Member, for clay stone and silicalite Early Permian. Sidingshan Formation () Sidingshan Series Xu Jiawei, 1956, Bulletin of Hefei College of Mining Industry, (1) Sidingshan, north of Shouxian County, Anhui Province For dolomite Neoproterozoic.

Sidonggou Formation ( ) Sun Hengyuan, 1988, New Advance in the Study of the Permian of the Yanbian Area, Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 12(3): 202-209 Sidonggou in Kaishantun, Yanbian District, Jilin Province For marine volcanic clastic rocks Late Permian. Sienchu Formation () Yu C C, Shu W P, 1929, Mem. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (8): 48 Xianju (Sienchu), 50 km northwest of Jingmen County, Hubei Province For green thick shale with interbeds of thin limestone Early Silurian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sienkuling Formation () Sienkuling Coal Series Chen K T, 1940, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (5): 1-56 Xianguling (Sienkuling) in Xiashan County, Jiangxi Province For coal-bearing strata Early Carboniferous. Sieul Beds See: Hsierh Formation. Sifangdi Formation () Yang Jialu, 1991, Cambrian Stratigraphy, Lithofacies Paleogeography and Trilobite Fauna of Eastern Qinling-Dabashan Mountain, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a 1987 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Sifangdi in Shaanxi Province Sinian Sifangdi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Sifangjing Beds () Zhao Jinke, Chen Chuzhen, Liang Xiluo, 1962, The Triassic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 54. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Sifangjing in Xiaojia Mining Area, Hongshandian Coal Field, Shuangfeng County, Hunan Province For yellow thin-bedded massive limestone Early Triassic. Sifangpo Member () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Sifangpo, 3 km north of Dushan County, Guizhou Province A component member in the lower part of the Yaoso Formation, for, grayish black dolomite and dolomitic limestone, with interbeds of limestone Late Devonian Synonym: Chandishan Formation. Sifengshan Formation ( ) Zhang Lizhu et al., 1990, Report on 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Shalanzhan Sifengshan in Heilongjiang Province Late Cretaceous. Sifengssu Limestone ( ) Sifengssu Sandy Limestone, Sifengssu Siliceous Limestone Sheng Xinfu, 1951, Stratigraphy of Zhejiang Province, Geology of Zhejiang, (2): 3 Xifengsi (Sifengssu) at the outside of West Gate, Changshan County, Zhejiang Province For grayish white thick-bedded siliceous limestone, with phosphorite Mid Sinian.

Sifengya Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhenxiong Sheet Sifengya in Daguan County, Yunnan Province For purplish red, dark purplish red shale, siltstone with interbeds of grayish green, yellowish green shale, siltstone and limestone Mid Silurian.

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Sigang Formation (1) ( 1) Pei Fang, Cai Shuhua, 1987, Ordovician Conodont of Henan, Wuhan: Wuhan College of Geology Press Sigang in Zuoqu Township, Neixiang County, Henan Province For the part of metamorphic rocks with interbeds of crystalline limestone within the lower part of original Shiyanhe Formation Early Ordovician Homonym: Sigang Formation (2). Sigang Formation (2) ( 2) Liu Yinhuan et al., 1991, Cambrian and Ordovician of Henan, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Sigang in Zuoqu Township, Neixiang County, Henan Province For the same name subdivision within the upper part of the original Sigang Formation (1) Early Ordovician Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Sigang Formation (1). Sigou Formation () Zhou Shiquan, Han Shijing, Zhang Yongcai, 1975, Report on Mesozoic and

Cenozoic beds stratigraphy in Xichuan Basin, Henan, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Central-South China, (3): 65-71 Sigou village, close to Heidouyan, Taohe , Xichuan County, Henan Province For rudite, conglomerate and brownish red siltstone with interbeds of thin-bedded sandy mudstone Late Cretaceous. Sigouyan Formation (') Jin Chuntai et al., 1989, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (11) Sigouyan between Luoquanwan and Hongyanzi in Southern Erlangshan Mountain, Sichuan Province For dark gray limestone Early Silurian. Sihai Volcanic Scoria ( ) Sihai Formation Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yushuo, 1984, Chronological study of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 30-37 Sihai in Jingyu County, Jilin Province For black scoria Holocene. Sihanshui Group ( () Sihanshui Series Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & Southern Kansu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (19): 1-72 Xihanshui (Sihanshui), south of Lixian County, Gansu Province For phyllite, sandstone with interbeds of limestone Devonian. Sihetang Group ( ) Zhou Shaolin et al., 1984, Beijing Geology, (2) Sihetang in Miyun County, Beijing Municipality For the sum of Yinpodi Formation, Songyingzi Formation, Xiwanzi Formation and Shanshenmiao Conglomerate Archean. Sihetun Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

(Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 181. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by No.2 Jilin Institute of Regional Geological Survey Team Sihetun close to Badaohe, Huadian County, Jilin Province For volcanic clastic rocks Late Triassic. Sihu Formation ( ) Sihu Quartzite Shou W P, 1930, Chihkan Nanking Inst. Geol., Academia Sinica, (10): 96 Xihu (Sihu) in Hanzhou City, Zhejiang Province For white, light yellow quartzite and quartz conglomerate and sandstone, with purple sandstone and shale occasionally Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous Synonymous with Wutung Quartzite. Sijiaban Formation ( ) Sijiaban Green Sandstone Beds Kenichi O, 1962, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 68(798): 152-161 Sijiaban in Liaoning Province For green sandstone Mid Jurassic. Sijiagou Formation () Mu Enzhi, Zhang Youkui, 1964, Chihkan Nanjing Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Academia Sinica, vol.1, 1-19 Sijiagou close to Xiehao, Wuwei County, Gansu Province For muddy limestone, knotty limestone, shale, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone Mid Ordovician. Sijiaoyanggou Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team Sijiaoyanggou, southeast of Yemaquan, Qinghai Province For the upper part of the Di’aosu Formation Late Carboniferous. Sijiaying Formation ( ) Sijiaying Group Li Zhizhong, Bai Yiliang, Gu Delin, 1980, Preliminary research on some problems of Presinian Suberathem stratigraphy of Eastern Hebei District, Geological Study, (5) Sijiaying in Luanxian County, Hebei Province For a component formation within the lower part of Luanxian group Archean. Sijizhuang Formation () North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, 135. First appeared in a manuscript by Wu Tieshan Sijizhuang in Wutaishan Area, Shanxi Province For metamorphic conglomerate Proterozoic. Sikang Group ( ) Hsikang Series Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press and the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections), Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (15) Xikang (original

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Sikang, today Sichuan) Province For black slate Triassic-Jurassic Synonym: Bayan Har Group. Siliangssu Formation ( ) Siliangssu Shale Lu Yanhao, 1959, Classification and Correlation of Ordovician Strata of Southern China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiliangsi

(Siliangssu) in Liangshan, 11.5 km west of Nanzheng County (Hanzhong), Shaanxi Province For shale with interbeds of limestone Early Ordovician. Silikou Formation () Liu Hongyun, Dong Rongsheng, Li Jianlin, 1980, Problems of classification and correlation of the Sinian System, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1980(4): 320-329 Silikou in Sanjiang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the glacigenous deposits within the original Nantou Formation Sinian Synonymous with Lijiapo Formation. Siliting Formation () Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linan Sheet Siliting in Zhejiang Province Sinian. Sinao Member () Wu Tieshan, 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Strata of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Sinao close to Zhangjiaxi, Xiyang County, Shanxi Province For a white quartzite within the local Changzhougou Formation Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Songlincun Forma-

tion. Singhie Shale ( ) Desio A et al., 1991, Geology. Geophysics and Geology of the Shaksgam Valley (Northeast Karakoram) and South Sinkiang Scientific Report, EV-K2-CNR, Italian Expedition to the Karakoram 1988, 1-201, Milano Singhie in the upper reaches of Koehler Green River, southwest of Hetian City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For sandy slate with interbeds of thin limestone Mid Permian. Sinianpan Formation (;) Zhang Quanzhong, Qiu Hongan, et al., 1966, Ordovician stratigraphy of Hexian, Anhui, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(1): 47-64 Sinianpan in Hexian County, Anhui Province For bluish gray, yellowish green, grayish yellow shale with interbeds of limestone lenticle Early Ordovician. Sining Group ( ) Sining Series Sun C C , 1936, On the stratigraphy of the upper Huangho & Nan Shan Region, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 75-86 Xining (Sining) City, Qinghai Province For lateritic red sandstone, conglomerate with interbeds of pink, grayish white sandstone and clay Tertiary.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sinpu Formation ( ) Sinpu Mesozoic Formation Yoh S S, 1929, Geological Reconnaissance of West Kueichou, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (12): 6 Xinpu (Sinpu) close to Falang village, 15 km south of Yongning, west of Guanling County, Guizhou Province For yellow, brown, red, gray and black sandstone, shales with interbeds of conglomerate and quartzite, with coal seams Mid Triassic Homonym: Hsinpu Formation. Sintai Formation ( #) Sintai Series Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, 19-50 Xintai (Sintai) County, Shandong Province PermianMesozoic. Sintan Formation ( ) Sintan Shale Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1 Xintan (Sintan), southeast of Zigui County, Hubei Province For yellowish green sandy shales Silurian Homonym: Xintan Conglomerate. Sintsouen Beds i.e. Hsingchuan Formation. Sipingshan Formation ( ) Zhao Wenxu et al., 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jixi Sheet Sipingshan in Heilongjiang Province Early Cretaceous. Siqiancun Formation () Li Qingping, Zhao Fengjiang, 1990, Geology of Shandong, 8(2) Siqiancun in Dasheng Town, Anqiu City, Shandong Province For gray conglomerate and gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone, purplish gray rudite and muddy sandstone Early Cretaceous. Sishilichangshan Formation ( ) Yang Zhijian, 1960, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1960(7) Sishilichangshan in Huoqiu County, Anhui Province For light gray calcareous quartzite-like sandstone Neoproterozoic.

Sishituo Schist ( $) Sishituo Formation Yin Guanghou, Zhang Jinliang, Chen Sijun, 1998, Yunnan Geology, 17(4): 17-26, revised by Wu Genyao, 2000 Sishituo, 15 km southeast of Xuelongshan, Yunnan Province For schist Palaeozoic. Sisiangchih Formation ( ) Hsihsiangchih Formation Chao Y T, 1929, Geological Notes of Szechuan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 8(2): 137-150 Xixiangchi (Sisiangchih or Hsihsiangchih) in Emeishan, Sichuan Province For gray, yellowish gray limestone and dolomitic limestone, with interbeds of muddy limestone, siliceous limestone, calcareous and siliceous shale and fine-grained sandstone Cambrian.

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Sisuo Formation () Yang Shipu, Fan Yingnian, 1982, Characters of Carboniferous and Biofauna of Xainza Area, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (10), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 46-69 Sisuo between Deri’angma range and Xiala, 6 km northeast of Yongzhu Township, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a component formation within the upper of Yongzhu Group Late Carboniferous. Sitai Schist ( ) Sitai Group Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, 99-152 Xitai (Sitai) in Wutai County, Shanxi Province For green chlorite schist and phyllite Presinian. Sitai Formation () Wang Jingbin et al., 1977, The Sinian Suberathem of Western North-Tianshan, Xinjiang, in Proceedings of Geological Science of Xinjiang Sitai close to Kuximuqieke (Kusongmuqieke) Range, Jinghe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the Kusongmuqieke Group, for white, gray, dark gray and black limestone, dolomite, carbonaceous limestone silicalite and breccia Mesoproterozoic. Sitcheyi Formation (  ) Horizon de Si-tch-yi Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol. 1, fasc. 1, pt. 1, 72 Xicheyi (Sitcheyi) in Kaiyuan County, Yunnan Province Devonian. Situzhen Formation ( %) Situzhen Coal Series Heim A, 1930, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.2, pt.1 Situzhen in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province For coal-bearing strata Late Permian Homonymous with Lungtan Formation. Siwangzhang Formation ( ) Zheng Kexiong, Liu Chuxin, 1982, Coal Field Geological Science and Technology of Guangdong, (6) Siwangzhang in Xingning County, Guangdong Province For calcareous, muddy siltstone, mudstone, thin-bedded marls with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone and siltstone Late Triassic.

Sixiakou Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ankang Sheet Sixiakou in Yunxi County, Hubei Province For carbonaceous and siliceous slate, quartzose sandstone with interbeds of biolimestone and flint limestone Carboniferous. Sixian Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dangshan, Suixian, Lingbi Sheet Sixian County, Anhui Province Late Jurassic.

1038

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Siya Formation ( ) Endo R, 1931, Cambrian Period. Iwanami Series, 47-62 Xiya (Siya) in Changxing Island, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Cambrian. Siyang Limestone () Wang H S, 1929, in Chao Y T, 1929, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser. B, (11), fasc.1, 45 Xiyang (Siyang) County, Shanxi Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Siyangshan Formation ( ) Siyangshan Shale Lu Yanhao, 1955, Geological Knowledge, (2): 1-2 Xiyangshan (Siyangshan), south of Changshan County, Zhejiang Province For shales with interbeds of limestone Late Cambrian. Siyangtang Formation ( ) Horizon de Si-Yang-Tang Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1, pt.1 Xiyangtang (Siyangtang) in Yunnan Province Ordovician.

Siyu Conglomerate i.e. Hsiyu Conglomerate. Siyuan Formation () Hu Xiongjian, Xu Jinkun, Tong Chaoxu, Chen Chenghua, 1991, Precambrian Geology of Southwestern Zhejiang, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Siyuan, 34 km southwest of Longquan City, Zhejiang Province A component formation of Badu Group, for leptynite with interbeds of quartzite, schist Palaeoproterozoic.

Sizhoushan Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 38. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Yang Yanjun & Wei Xushou Sizhoushan in Qiaoshi Township, Guiyang County, Hunan Province For grayish purple slate, sandy slate, with interbeds of gravel-bearing slate and small amount of dolomite Sinian. Sjara Osso Gol Formation ( ) Sjara Osso Formation, geographic name Sjara Osso Gol was Romanized as CharaOusou, Chalaousyho or Chalaousykhe by the French (LSI) Teilhard de Chardin P, Licent E, 1924, On the discovery of a Paleolithic Industry in Northern China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(1/2): 45-50 Salawusu River (Sjara Osso Gol) in the southeastern corner of Ordos Basin, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish green, grayish white clayey silt and silty clay, with interbeds of yellow fine-grained sand beds Pleistocene Both Yuan Baoyin’s (1978) and Dong Guangrong’s Sjara Osso Gol Formations are the form of lithostratigraphic units with chronostratigraphic meaning; Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Salawusu Formation.

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Sogdan Formation () Zhang Ridong, Yu Changmin, Lu Linhuang, Zhang Linxin, 1959, Chihkan Inst. Paleont., Academia Sinica, (2). First appeared in a manuscript by No.13 Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Sogdan range in Wushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For clastic rocks Late Carboniferous. Sohanpu Formation ()) Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.1, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 493 Suohanpu (Sohanpu), 25 km southwest of Jingtai County, Gansu Province For sandstone-gypsum-bearing red shale Carboniferous-Permian. Songdagou Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet, Derong Sheet Songdagou close to Niuchang, Zhongzan, Batang County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a compo-

nent formation within the Xiaobachong Group, for clastic rocks with interbeds of carbonate rocks Cambrian. Songgang Formation () Huang Zhenguo, Li Pingri, Zhang Zhongying, Li Konghong, Qiao Pengnian, Song Yongqiang, 1983, Geomorphy of Shenzhen, Guangzou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press Songang, northwest of Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province For grayish white, gray coarse-grained sands and gravel beds with interbeds of clay beds Holocene. Songji Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hefei Sheet, Dingyuan Sheet Songji in Fengyang County, Anhui Province Dealing with the middle and upper part within the original Ching-

shishan Formation, for green, purple, gray phyllite with interbeds of quartzite, lenticular dolomitic marble Palaeoproterozoic. Songjiachang Formation () Wang Changyi, Gong Liming, et al., 1988, The Cambrian of Youyang and Xiushan Area, Sichuan, Chongqing: Science and Technology Literature Press Songjiachang in Sichuan Province Early Cambrian Synonymous with Chintingshan Formation. Songjiagou Formation () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Xinde, Li Xingyun ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (21), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Liaoning Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 42. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Chang Shaoqun et al. Songjiagou in Tieling County, Liaoning Province For yellowish green muddy slate, muddy siltstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle Mesoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Songjiaji Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript of classified material by Peking University Songjiaji in Sui County, Hubei Province Dealing with a component formation within the local Yingshan Group, for light metamorphic rocks Proterozoic. Songjiashan Group () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuncheng, Sanmenxia Sheet Songjiashan, north of Tongshanzhen, Yuanqu County, Shanxi province For sedimentary and volcanic rocks Archean-Proterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Songjiazhai Formation () Yun Ya, 1978, Devonian Classification and Correlation of Yunnan, in Institute

of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 163 Songjiazhai in Jinping area, western Yunnan Province For peat shale with interbeds of siliceous shale and limestone Mid Devonian. Songka’ersu Formation ( ) Li Qixin, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kupu Sheet Songka’ersu in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late DevonianEarly Carboniferous. Songkan Formation () Rong Jiayu, Yang Xuechang, 1981, Chihkan Nanjing Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Academia Sinica, (13) Songkan, close to Hanjiadian, Tongzi County, Guizhou Province For gray, dark gray calcareous shale, calcareous mudstone and mudstone or thin-bedded knotty muddy limestone Early Silurian Homonymous with Qiaogou Formation. Songkemu Formation () Songmuke Formation Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 2, chart 1. First appeared in a 1941 manuscript “Geology of Songpan Grassland” by Xiong Yongxian. The editors misunderstood Li Chengsan’s Songmuke Formation (Mu Enzhi, 1962, The Silurian of China, 7) See Songmuke Formation. Songlincun Formation () Songlincun Quartzite Formation Wu Tieshan, 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Strata of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological

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Survey Team Songlincun in Shanxi Province For quartzite Mesoproterozoic. Songling Formation () Songling Group Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Meixian Sheet Songling in Meixian County, Guangdong Province For sandstone, siltstone, sandy mudstone and volcanic breccia Early Jurassic.

Songlingou Formation () Yang Jikai, 1984, Bulletin of Chengdu College of Geology, 11(4) Songlingou in Shidian County, Yunnan Province For dark gray, yellowish gray limestone, marls and shale Early-Mid Devonian.

Songlinping Formation () Southwest Institute of Geology, 1964, Reference Material of Southwest Geology, (2) Songlinping in Sichuan Province. Songmaoshan Formation ( ) Xie Guisheng, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet, Humazhen Sheet Songmaoshan in Xinglonggou Area, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For rhythmic beds composed of sandstone, metamorphic sandstone and slate Late Ordovician. Songmuke Formation () Songkemu Formation, geographic name Songmuke was Romanized as Sounmouke by the French (LSI) Li Chengsan, 1946, Geography, 4(1/2), Northwest, 29-36 Songmukedaban in the source of two rivers of Kayelete and Kelumute, Altay Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For light green sandstone and schist, with interbeds of gravel beds Silurian Synonym: Songkemu Formation, Ashan Formation and Kelumute Group. Songmusong Formation () Liang Dingyi, 1991, in Guo Tieying et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Songmusong in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red, grayish green clastic rocks and calcareous mudstone Mid or Late Ordovician. Songmuxicuo Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987 , Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Songmuxicuo in Duoma area, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray limestone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone, fine-grained conglomerate and biolimestone Early-Mid Jurassic. Songpo Formation () Lin Shuji, 1984, in Contribution to the Quaternary Glaciation and Geology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Songpo lake (also called Caohai Basin), Weining County, Guizhou Province For clay and peat Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Songshan Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Songshan in Fengqing County, Yunnan Province Pre-Ordovician Homonymous with Sungshan Beds. Songshu Formation () Yu Jianzhang, Cui Shengqin, Qiu Ganlin, 1964, Acta Geologica Sinica, 44(1): 1-12 Songshu Town in Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For quartzose sandstone and conglomerate Mesoproterozoic.

Songshugou Formation () No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kaiyuan Sheet Songshugou in Dadianzi Township, Tieling County, Liaoning Province For grayish white, yellowish brown rudite, siltstone and black shale with coal seams Mid Jurassic. Songshutou Formation () Li Yongan et al., 1982, Xinjiang Geology, (3): 40-55 Songshutoudaban in Kuximuqieke range, south of Jinghe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a component formation within the Kuximuqieke Group Neoproterozoic.

Songtaopo Formation (&) Songtaopo Coal Series Lu C C, Lee S H, 1946, Brief Rep. Inst. Geol. Surv. Northwest Branch, (9): 1-10 Songtaopo close to Lianfengzhen, southwest of Longxi County, Gansu Province For coal-bearing strata Carboniferous. Songyaogou Limestone () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 148 Songyaogou in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province For a bed of limestone within the local Pankou Limestone Member Late Carboniferous. Songyuan Formation () Songyuan Group Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jian’ou Sheet Songyuan County, Guangdong Province Dealing with a component formation within the Jian’ou Group, for red clastic rocks Late Devonian Homonymous with Laohutou Formation.

Songziyuan Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shennongjia Sheet Songziyuan close to Lianghekou, Badong County, 8 km south of Shennongjia Forestry Area, Hubei Province A com-

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ponent formation of Shennongjia Group, for thin-bedded siliceous siltstone, with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone, dolomite and hematite Mesoproterozoic. Soron Formation (() Soron Series Kobayashi T, 1931, Jap. Jour. Geol. Geogr., 8(4) Suolun

(Soron) village on Railway to Aerhot spring, west of Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of sandstone and shale CarboniferousPermian Synonymous with Linnsi Formation. Ssufangtai Formation () Geographic name Ssufangtai was Romanized as Sihodai by the Japanese (LSI) Horiuchi K, Morita H, Shiota I, 1937, Geol. Geogr. North Manchuria, South Manchuria Railway Co. Sifangtai (Ssufangtai), west of Qing’an County, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province For clay, sands and gravel beds Late Cretaceous. Ssukoutze Formation () Ssukoutze Series Yuan P L, 1925, Geological Notes on Eastern Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(2): 21-28 Sikouzi (Ssukoutze) in Guyuan County, Gansu Province Pliocene. Ssulin Formation () Ssulin Series Guo W K, Kao C L, 1948, Recent Notes on Mineral Resources Survey, (38): 39 Silin (Ssulin) village in Guodong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Triassic. Ssulo Formation (&) Ssulo Series Hsu J L, 1933, Temporary Rept. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (29) Sile (Ssulo), south of Chongzuo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For red beds Late Triassic. Ssuyen Formation () Endo R, 1932, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull., (164): 12 Siyan (Ssuyen) valley, 1 km northwest of Benxi City, Liaoning Province Ordovician. Staghar Limestone () Desio A, 1980, Geology of the Upper Shaksgam Valley, Northeast Karakoram, Xinjiang (Sinkiang). Science Report of Desio’s Ital. Exped. to Karakoram (K2) and Hindu Kush., 3 (4): 1-196, Brill. Leiden. Staghar at the upper reaches of Koehler Green River, southwest of Hetian City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For black limestone, mudstone and flint limestone Late Permian. St Jacques Formation (/) Teilhard de Chardin P, Licent E, 1924, Bull. Geol. Soc. France, ser. 4, T. XXIX, 49-91 Sanshenggong (St Jacques, or Hsanda Gol=Shand Gol) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Pliocene Synonymous with Hsanda Gol or Shanda Gol Formation.

1044

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Suancigou Diamictite () Suancigou Till Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classification of Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qinghai Area, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 23-30 Suancigou in Qilian County, Qinghai Province For a diamictite within the lower part of the local Suancigou Formation with the same name Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Suancigou Formation.

Suancigou Formation () Chen Mingcan, 1982, Preliminary Classification of Quaternary Stratigraphy of

Qinghai Area, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 2330 Suancigou in Qilian County, Qinghai Province For the sum of Suancigou Diamictite and Heihe Gravel Beds Pleistocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Suancigou Diamictite. Su’ao Formation () Geographic name Su’ao was Romanized as Suo by the Japanese (LSI) Ogasawara M, 1933, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Dainana Sheet Su’ao in Ilan County, Taiwan Province For a component formation within the Su’ao Group Eocene-Oligocene Homonym with the same name and subordinate rela-

tionship: Su’ao Group. Su’ao Group () Ogasawara M, 1933, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Dainana Sheet Su’ao in Ilan County, Taiwan Province For the sum of the Su’ao Formation and the others Eocene-Oligocene Homonym with the same name and

subordinate relationship: Su’ao Formation. Subashi Formation () Subashi Series Norin E, 1941, The Sino-Swedish Exp. Publ., (16): 40-46 Subashi, 20 km southwest of Tuokexun, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Permian.

Sudegou Formation () Guan Shicong, 1957, Geological Knowledge, 1957(12): 19-22 Sudegou in Langshan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For conglomerate, sandstone and shale Carboniferous-Permian.

Sudukuduke Formation () No.2 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Aoshikeshan Sheet Sudukuduke in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Permian.

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Suhaitushan Formation ( ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Suhaitu Sheet Suhaitushan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mid Devonian Synonym: Kaxiweng Formation. Suhongtu Formation (&) Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuliji Sheet Suhongtu, north of Sumu, Wuliji, Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For andesite and basalt, with interbeds of grayish green, grayish yellow siltstone, silty limestone and brownish red sandstone Early Cretaceous. Suhuho Formation () Wang Ying, Ning Qisheng, 1957, Geological Knowledge, 1957(9): 57 Suhuho,

northwest of Yiershi, Horqinyouyi Qian Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For quartzose sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of conglomerate lenticle Early-Mid Ordovician. Suibin Formation ()  No.110 Exploartion Team of Northeast Inner Mongolia Corporation of Coal Exploration, 1992, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 31(2) Suibin County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish white fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of conglomerate or sandstone Mid Jurassic.

Suifenhe Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 107 Suifenhe City, Heilongjiang Province For medium basic volcanic rocks with interbeds of tuffite Early Jurassic. Suining Formation () Suining Shale Lee Y Y, Chen B F, 1939, Geological Review, 4(5): 339 Suining County, Sichuan Province For purplish red, lateritic red muddy shale with interbeds of quartzose sandstone occasionally Late Jurassic.

Suishishan Formation () Gansu Regional Geomechanics Survey Team, 1978 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Heiyingshan Sheet Suishishan, north of Qinghegou, Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For parti-coloured silty-muddy slate, metamorphic sandstone, fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle Late Silurian. Suixian Group () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Suixian Sheet Suixian County, Hubei Province Mesopr-

1046

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

oterozoic Synonymous with the Wutang Group. Suiyang Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 8 Suiyang in Xiao Hinggan Mountain, Heilongjiang Province For a component formation within the Bamiantong Group Archean. Sujiahe Group () Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College1 of Geol-

ogy, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Shangcheng District Sujiahe in Xinxian County, Henan Province For gneiss with interbeds of amphibolite, quartz schist and bedded marbles Mesoproterozoic. Sujiawan Formation () Xu Jiawei, 1965, Geology of East China, (6) Sujiawan in Chaohu City, Anhui Province For metamorphic diamictite Sinian.

Sukiapa Member () Blackwelder E, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, 264 Sujiaba (Sukiapa)

close to Daninghe, the juncture of three provinces of Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi Dealing with a component member within the top of the Kisinling Limestone, for green shale and thin-bedded limestone Ordovician.

Sukulike Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Hu Bing et al. Sukulike in the northern slope of Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region For marine clastic rocks and carbonate rocks Silurian-Devonian. Sule Formation (&) Ho C C , 1986, Outline of Geology of Taiwan (An Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan) Sule village, 30 km south of Taoyuan County, Taiwan Province For slate, shale, sandstone and the alternating beds of sandstone and shale Miocene.

Suli Formation () Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Suli Township in Tianjun County, Gansu Province For a component formation within the lower part of the Danghe Group Mesoproterozoic Synonym: Xiaobiegai Formation.

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Sumalan Formation () Ma Shipeng, Fang Yuzhen, Fang Xilian, 1991, Xinjiang Geology, 9(1): 59-71 Sumalan river in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish gray limestone with interbeds of sandstone and mudstone Mesoproterozoic.

Sumutuketa Formation (') Guan Shicong, 1957, Geological Review, 17(2): 196 Sumutuketa in Langshan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Jurassic.

Sunan Formation () Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 211. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Shi Meiliang Sunan County, Gansu Province For purple, light grayish green sandstone, light yellowish green sandstone with interbeds of black shale and purplish red coarse-grained sandstone Late Permian Homonym: Daquan Formation. Sunchiawan Conglomerate (

)

Geographic name Sunchiawan was Romanized as Sonkawan by the Japanese (LSI) Morita G, 1939, Jubilee Publication in the Commemoration of Professor Yabe H’s Sixtieth Birthday, vol.1, 19-38 Sunjiawan (Sunchiawan) in Fuxin County, Liaoning Province A conglomerate subdivision within the Sunchiawan Group Jurassic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Sunchiawan Group.

Sunchiawan Group (

)

Morita G, 1939, Jubilee Publication in the Commemoration of Professor Yabe H’s Sixtieth Birthday, vol.1, 19-38 Sunjiawan (Sunchiawan) in Fuxin County, Liaoning Province For the sum of Sunchiawan Conglomerate and the other subdivisions Jurassic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Sunchi-

awan Conglomerate. Sungchi Formation () Chen H, Wang C Y, 1941, Report of Geological Survey of Fukien, (2): 17 Songxi (Sungchi) village, 20 km northeast of Qingliu County, Fujian Province Cretace-

ous(?). Sungchiachiao Member () Sungchiachiao Sandstone Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2(2): 97. First appeared in a manuscript by Ting V K Songjiaqiao (Sungchiachiao) in Dushan County, Guizhou Province For sandstone Mid Devonian.

1048

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Sunghsiang Formation () Sunghsiang Series Chang L C, 1938, Bull. Inst. Geol. Academia Western Sinica, (1) Songxiang (Sunghsiang) in Sichuan Province Silurian. Sunghuachiang Group ( ) Sunghuachiang Series, geographic name Sunghuachiang River was Romanized as Sungari or Shokako by the Japanese (LSI) Uchino T, 1937, Geol. Geogr. Northeast Manchuria, (89) Songhuajiang (Sunghuachiang) in Dehui County, Jilin Province For tuffaceous shale Late Cretaceous. Sungkui Formation (*) Sungkui Coal Series Misch P, 1947, Science Record, Academia Sinica, 2(1) Songgui (Sungkui) in Heqing County, Yunnan Province For silty mudstone, sandy marls, silicalite and coal seams Late Triassic. Sungliao Group (-) Lin C C , 1948, Geological Review, vol.13, 150 (table) Songhuajiang-Liaohe Plain, Northeast China Cretaceous-Pleistocene.

Sungpan Formation (1) ( 1) Sungpan Series Chang Longqing, 1938, Geological Review, 3(3): 254 Songpan (Sungpan) County, Sichuan Province Silurian-Devonian.Homonym: Sungpan Formation (2); Homonymous with Sungpan Loess. Sungpan Formation (2) ( 2) Sungpan Series Lee H C, 1941, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, 3(96) Songpan (Sungpan) County, Sichuan Province Jurassic Homonymous with Sungpan Loess. Sungpan Loess () Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (15), Atlas Sheet 4, Geol. Explanation Songpan (Sungpan) County, Sichuan Province For loess Quaternary Homonym: Sungpan Formation (1), (2).

Sungshan Beds () Geographic name Sungshan was Romanized as Matuyama by the Japanese (LSI) Tan K, 1939, Jubilee Publication in Commemoration of Professor Yabe H’s Sixtieth Birthday, vol. 1 Sungshan in Taipei County, Taiwan Province Pleistocene. Sungshan Group () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 23 Songshan (Sungshan) in Dengfeng County, Henan Province For the sum of Sungshan Quartzite and Wuzhiling Schist Palaeoproterozoic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Sungshan Quartzite.

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Sungshan Quartzite () Zhang Bosheng, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 79. First appeared in a 1950 manuscript by Feng Jinglan & Zhang Bosheng Songshan (Sungshan) in Dengfeng County, Henan Province For quartzite Palaeoproterozoic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Sungshan Group.

Sungtsung Group () Sungtzung Limestone Li Pu et al., Chinese Science Bulletin, 1955(7) Sumzom (Sungtsung)in Qamdo area, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone Mid Devonian.

Sungtzukan Formation () Sungtzukan Shale Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Geosci. Depart. Inst. Liberal Arts,

National Chekiang University, (1): 21. First appeared in a 1928 manuscript by Ting V K Songzikan (Sungtzukan) in Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For shale Mid Triassic.

) No, 2 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College1 of Geology, 1976 , Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huan Sheet Sunjiafen in Longjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For blackish gray, grayish green silty mudstone, fine-grained sandstone and carbonaceous fine-grained siltstone Early Triassic. Sunjiafen Formation (

) Shanxi Stratigraphy Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Proceedings of Shanxi Field Meeting of Startigraphy Sunjiagou in Ningwu County, Shanxi Province For red sandstone and mudstone Triassic. Sunjiagou Formation (

) Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 32. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Tao Hongxiang Sunjiahe in Shaanxi Province For a component formation within the Xixiang Group Neoproterozoic.

Sunjiahe Formation (

Sunuolin Formation (.) Wang Naiwen, 1983, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8) Sunuolin in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Triassic.

) Heilongjiang Integrative Geology Research Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Heilongjiang Province. First appeared in a Sunwu Formation (

1050

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

1958 manuscript by Heilongjiang Corporation of Metallurgical Geological Exploration Sunwu south hill, north of Zhanhedatun, Xunhe Town, Xunke County, Heilongjiang Province For gray, yellow rudite, sandstone with interbed of mudstone Oligocene-Miocene. Suobaila Formation ( ) Suobaila Metamorphic Series Li Pu et al., 1955, The Brief Knowledge of Geology of Eastern Tibet, Academia Sinica, 6, table 4 Suobaila in Bomi Area, Tibet Autonomous Region For gneiss and marble Precambrian.

Suo’erkuli Group () Feng Daoming, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bashikaogong Sheet Suo’erkuli in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For

the sum of Luanshishan Formation, Binggounan Formation, Pingwagou Formation and Xiaoquandaban Formation Mesoproterozoic. Suojiazhuang Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 14 Suojiazhuang in Hebei Province Dealing with a component formation within the lower part of the local Chenzhuang Group, for gneiss, leucogranulite and marbles Archean. Suonahu Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Suona lake, 210 km northwest of Shuanghu Special Administrative Region, Tibet Autonomous Region For red mudstone,

muddy siltstone, sandstone, coarse-grained sandstone, with interbeds of gypsum Neogene.

Suosuoquan Formation () Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 15. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Zhu Xia Suosuoquan in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For silty mudstone with interbeds of conglomerate Miocene.

Suotoushan Formation (!) Xian Siyuan, Zhou Xiyun, 1978, Early Devonian Stratigraphic Classification and

Correlation of Northeastern Yunnan, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 176-183 Suotoushan in Bianqing valley, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province For grayish yellow quartzose sandstone, included Shuijingbian Member and Sanchalu Member (1) Mid Devonian.

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Suowa Formation ( ) Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chibuzhangcuo Sheet Suowa close to Tanggula Mountain in Golmud City, Qinghai Province Dealing with a component formation within the Yanshiping Group, for alternating beds of dark gray carbonate rocks and grayish green clastic rocks Late Jurassic. Sushui Complex () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Bai Jin Suoshui River in Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province For metamorphic complex Palaeoproterozoic. Sushuichong Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 86. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Liu Yiren & Fu Hanying Sushuichong close to Damiaokou, Dongan County, Hunan Province For grayish black sandy slate with interbeds of sandstone Late Ordovician Substitute name of Xiejiawan Formation (2). Susong Schist (") Susong Phosphorite-bearing Schist Ning Chongzhi, 1959, Bulletin of Geomechanics, (1). First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Liu Xiangpei, Liu’s paper was published in 1985 Susong County, Anhui province For phosphorite-bearing schist Presinian. Suweiyi Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Yong Tianshou Suweiyi village, close to Bashijiqike, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Oligocene. Suxian Group (") Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dangshan, Suxian, Lingbi Sheet Suxian County, northern Anhui Province For the sum of Jiayuan Formation, Zhaowei Formation, Niyuan Formation, Jiudingshan Formation, Zhangqu Formation, Weiji Formation, Shijia Formation and Wangshan Formation Mesoproterozoic Suxiong Formation () No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mabian Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript

1052

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

by Zhang Shengshi Suxiong in Ganluo County, Sichuan Province For volcanic clastic rocks, grayish green tuffite, with interbeds of basalt, quartz andesite and lava Sinian. Suyi Volcanics (#) Wu Genyao, 2000, Orogenic Stratigraphy, Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press & Xinjiang Science, Technology and Health Press (K), 134 Shuyi in Huimin County, Yunnan Province For the volcanic rocks within the original Huimin Formation Ordovician(?). Suyukou Formation () Zhou Zhiqiang, Zheng Zhaochang, 1976, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Northwest China, (1) Suyukou in Jinshan Township, Helan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For a set of phosphorite-bearing clastic rocks and carbonate rocks Early Cambrian.

Suzhong Formation () Tang Shouxian, 1984, Establishment of the Lower Cambrian Suzhong Formation in the middle part of Da Hinggan Mountain, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 314316 Suzhong in Yiershi, Horqinyouyi Qian Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish white, gray limestone, bluish gray, dark gray limestone with interbeds of shale Early Cambrian. Szechiaoting Formation () Szechiaoting Coal Measures, geographic name Szechiaoting was Romanized as Shiyakutei by the Japanese (LSI) Chang L S, 1935, Tertiary Cyclommina from Taiwan and their stratigraphical significance, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (4) Szechiaoting in northern Taiwan Province To replace the middle coal-bearing formation Miocene. Szechiashan Limestone () Geographic name Szechiashan was Romanized as Sytsziachan by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 7, chart 2. First appeared in a manuscript by Liu Guochang Sijiasan (Szechiashan) in Da Hingganling, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For limestone Permian. Szechuan Group () Szechuan Series Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (9): 158-160 Sichuan Province For red sandstone and clayey shale Triassic- Cretaceous.

Szechungchi Formation () Ho C S, 1968, Outline of Geology of Taiwan (Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan) Szechungchi in Hengchung Peninsula, Taiwan Province Neogene.

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Szeleng Formation () Szeleng Sandstone Formation, Szeleng Quartzite, geographic name Szeleng was Romanized as Yonryo by the Japanese (LSI) Ooe Z, 1931, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Ritozan Sheet Szeleng village, Ilan County, Taiwan Province For sandstone Eocene. Szumen Formation () Szumen Coal-bearing Series Yoh S S, 1929, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.II, pt.2, 75-79 Simen (Szumen) village, 20 km northeast of Luocheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For alternating beds of quartzose sandstone, silty shale and shale, with interbeds of gravel-bearing sandstone, dolomitic limestone, carbonaceous shale and coal seams Early Carboniferous. Szupai Formation (5) Szupai Shale Feng C L, 1928–1929, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.II, pt.2, 34-35 Sipai (Szupai) village in Luzhai County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For marls and shales Early Devonian.

T Taanchai limestone () T’an H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (15) Da’anzhai (Taanchai), southwest of Ziliujing, Zigong City, Sichuan Province Limestone Cretaceous.

Tabang Formation () Tsan S E, Keng W P, 1962, Proceedings of Geological Society of China, (5) Tabang in Taiwan Province Neocene.

Tabo Formation (() Tabo Group Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lveyang Sheet Tabosi, south of Lveyang County, Shaanxi Province For conglomerate, sandstone, phyllite with interbeds of limestone Early-Mid Devonian.

Tabpali Formation () Tab-pa-li Phase Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol. 34 Tanpuli (Tabpali) between Huanxian County and Qingyang County, Gansu Province Jurassic.

Tacheng Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhongdian Sheet Tacheng close to Longba, Judian, Lijiang County, Yunnan Province For gray, grayish green schist with interbeds of metamorphic basic rocks Sinian.

Tachengssu formation () T’an H C, Lee C Y, 1933, Geology of Omeishan, Szechuan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (20) Dachengsi (Tachengssu) in Emeishan Mt., Emei County, Sichuan Province For gray, grayish yellow, grayish green shales and sandy shale, with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone or thin-bedded marls Early Ordovician.

Tachenwu Schist () Meng H M, 1930, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol., Academia Sinica, (10): 55 Dachengwu (Tachenwu), 35 km southeast of Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province Schist Pre-Ordovician.

Tachi Group () Geographic name Tachi was Romanized as Taikei by the Japanese (LSI) Gan

S, 1940, The Geology of the Sankyo District, Kaizangun, Taihoku Prefecture, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 11(3-4) Tachi in Taoyuan County, Taiwan Province Consists mostly of sandstone beds with interbeds of shale and sandy shale Pliocene.

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Tachiao Shale () Tachiao Red Shale Sheng Xinfu, 1943, Bull. Geol. Surv. Chekiang, (7): 80 Daqiao (Tachiao) village, 16 km northwest of Wanzai County, Zhejiang Province For red shale Late Triassic.

Tachiaoti Formation () Tachiaoti Coal-bearing Formation Tseng F J, 1945, Geology of the Coal Field of Malaching, Yungjien, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36) The watershed ridge of Daqiaodi (Tachiaoti) between Nalqingin river and Mosha river, Longtan, southwest of Panzhihua (Dukou) City, Sichuan Province Originally belonging to the middle part of Nalaching Formation, for coal-bearing strata, composed of calcareous sandstone, muddy limestone, yellow sandstone and conglomerate, with interbeds of yellow shale, and grayish yellow mudstone, with coal-bearing seams Late Triassic.

Tachien Formation () Tachien Sandstone Chen C H, 1977, Proceedings of Geological Society of China, (20): 61-70 Tachien village located between Guguan and Lishan on central cross mountain highway, 45 km east of Taichung County, Taiwan Province For

white or light gray quartzitic sandstone, with interbeds of slate and metamorphic shale Eocene. Tachienshan Formation () Geographic name Tachienshan was Romanized as Daisenzan by the Japanese (LSI) Yoshida K, 1935, Report on the Geology of the Hsiaomei Oil Field, Tainan Tachienshan Mountain in the eastern part of Chiayi County, Taiwan Province Composed mainly of an alternation of hard sandstone and shale, intercalated with sandy shale and grayish white loose sandstone, comprises the upper coalbearing formation, Kueichulin Formation, Chinshui Shale and the Cholan Formation Miocene-Pliocene.

Taching Formation () Tseng F J, 1945, Geology of the Coal Field of Malaching, Yungjien, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36) Daqing (Taching) close to Nalaching, Yongren County, Yunnan Province Originally belonging to Nalaching Formation, for gray to dark gray limestone with interbeds of dolomite and argillaceous limestone Late Triassic Homonymous with Taching Limestone.

Taching Limestone () Guo Wenkui, Ye Zhizheng, 1942, Special Report of Southwest Department of Mineral Resources, Commission on Resources, (18) Daqing (Taching), 20 km northeast of Qiaojia County, Yunnan Province For gray medium thick-bedded

massive argillaceous nodular dolomite, occasionally with interbeds of muddy siltstone, shale and limestone Mid Ordovician Homonym: Taching Formation.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tachingshan Formation ( ) Tachingshan Series Sun C C, 1934, Geology of Suiyuan & Southwest Chahar, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (12) Daqing Mountain (Tachingshan) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For red and green sandstone and shale, with interbeds of conglomerate and triquetrous gravel Early-Mid Jurassic.

Tachitan Clay Beds () Tachitan Red Clay Bed Lee T, Kin W K, 1932, Report of Mineral Resources Survey of Chekiang, (2) Daxitan (Tachitan) in Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province For red clay Pleistocene Synonym: Chihchiang Formation.

Tachuho Formation () Tachuho Series Cao Guoquan, Xiao Anyuan, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (8). First appeared in a manuscript by Lee C Y, Sun M S, Yang T T & Lee H H Dazhuhe (Tachuho) in Chengkou County, Sichuan Province Silurian.

Tadong Group () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multi-

ple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 10 Tadong in Dunhua City, Jilin Province For a set of curving metamorphic strata body within the granite body, for gneiss, schist, amphibolite, marble and leptynite Neoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Ta’erbagete Formation ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dong Ujimqin Banner Sheet Ta’erbagete in Dong Ujimqin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For brownish yel-

low, brownish gray mudstone, siliceous-tuffaceous siltstone, slate, grayish green siltstone, greywacke Late Devonian. Ta’erga Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Ta’erga in Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a set of parti-coloured clastic rocks composed mainly of mudstone, with interbeds of sandstone and marls Mid Jurassic. Ta’ergang Formation ( ) Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huangpi Sheet Ta’ergang in Huangpi County, Hubei Province For quartzose sandstone, leucogranulite, phyllite, with silicalite Mesopro-

terozoic.

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Ta’erhkou Formation () Yuan P L, 1925, Geological Notes of Eastern Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4 (1): 21-28 Ta’ergou (Ta’erhkou) close to Hongshanyao, 30 km west of Yongchang County, Gansu Province For limestone and shale Late Carboniferous. Ta’erkate Formation ( ) Wang Jingbin et al., 1980, Glacial Till in Sinian System of Western Tianshan, in Precambrian Geology, (1) Ta’erkate in Yining County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, purplish red muddy siltstone, with interbeds of a small amount of limestone and sandstone Sinian.

Ta’erlang Formation () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map: Urumqi Sheet. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Management Ta’erlang close to Taoshuyuan, Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For yellowish green, grayish green, grayish black mudstone, sandy mudstone and a small amount of sandstone and conglomerate Late Permian. Ta’erma Limestone () Ta’erma Limestone Series, Ta’erma Formation Yang Jingzhi et al., 1962, The

Carboniferous of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Wang Wenbin Ta’erma, 40 km southeast of Mijiucuo, 70 km southeast of Xainza County, eastern Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone Early Carboniferous. Tafan limestone () Hsieh C Y, Chao Y T, 1925, The Mesozoic Stratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.3, 92-93 Dafan (Tafan) in Yangxin County, Hubei Province For limestone Ordovician.

Tafengkou formation () Sun C C, 1934, Geology of the Yuhsien and Mihsien Coal Field, Honan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (24): 9 Dafengkou (Tafengkou) in Yuxian County, Henan Province For sandstone Permian. Tafenpao Clay () T’an H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections) Dafenbao (Tafenpao), 2 km northeast of Ziliujing, Zigong city, Sichuan Province For clay Cretaceous. Tafun Formation () Yen T P, Sheng C C, Keng W P, Yang Y T, 1956, Some problems on the Mesozoic formation of Taiwan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (8) Tafun village in Taitung

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

County, Taiwan Province This formation is subdivided into a lower Tomiri Member and an upper Rurun Member, for slate and sandstone with basal conglomerate containing pebbles of various metamorphic rocks Mesozoic (?). Tafungkou Phyllite (*) Huang Y S, 1940, Geology of the Iron Ore Deposits of Imen, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33): 70 Dafengkou (Tafungkou), 13 km east of Yimen County, Yunnan Province For brownish purple, yellowish brown, grayish black shale and slate, intercalated with thin-bedded or lenticular limestone and mudstone Sinian.

Tafungshao Phyllite (*) Huang Y S, 1940, Geology of the Iron Ore Deposits of Imen, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33): 71 Dafengshao (Tafungshao) in Yimen County, Yunnan Province For phyllite Sinian. Tagou Conglomerate () Zhang Lanqing, Chen Fajing, Han Ying, Sun Tongyi, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 84 Tagou in Gubeikou, Miyun County, Beijing Municipality For conglomerate Presinian. Tahaqi Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tahaqi close to Keziliqiman, Pishan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed of Tahaqi Formation and Keziliqiman Formation Late Carboniferous-Early Permian It is refused to accept the subdivision Tahaqi Formation with the same name and subordinate relationship . Tahau Sandstone (+) Tahau Sandstein Richthofen F von, 1912, China, bd. III, 558 Dahao (Tahau) Mt., close to Huayang Town, Dongliu County, Anhui Province For sandstone Cambrian-Ordovician.

Ta-hi-ti Formation () Horizon de Ta-hi-ti, Tahiti Formation Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1, pt.1 Daxidi (Ta-hi-ti) district in eastern Yunnan Province Limestone Late Devonian. Tahoshangshan Formation (8) Geographic name Tahoshangshan was Romanized as Daioshozan by the Japanese(LSI) Matsushita S, 1930, Report on Ryojun College of Engineering, 1(1) Daheshangshan (Tahoshangshan) in Jinxian County, Liaoning Province The original Tahoshangshan Series included six stages: Huangnichuan (calcareous and phyllitic slate), Waitoushan (quartzite), Lungwangtang (platy quartzite), Chakou (quartzite), Yingkeshih (phyllitic limestone and calcareous phyllite) and Lungtou stage (white quartzite) Sinian.

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Tahotien Formation ( ) Tahotien Series Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central and Southern Kansu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (19): 1-72 Dahedian (Tahotien), 30 km north of Lveyang County, Shaanxi Province For black shale with interbeds of greenish slate Early Carboniferous. Tahsuehshan Limestone () Gregory J W, et al., 1925, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, ser.B, vol.213 Daxueshan (Tahsuehshan), i.e. Yulongshan, in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province Limestone Devonian-Permian. Tahuichang Formation () Tahuichang Series Hsieh C Y, 1933, Note on the Geology of ChangsintienTuoli Area, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 12(4): 513-532 Dahuichang (Tahuichang), northwest of Changxindian, Beijing Municipality For alternating beds of black shale, yellowish green sandstone and volcanic rocks, or alternating beds of volcanic ash sandstone, sandy shale and purple shale Early Cretaceous. Tahuling Formation () Tahuling Metamorphic Rock Series Fengcheng-Xiuyan Group of 1950 Geological Survey Team, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 105 Dahuling (Tahuling) in Youyan County, Liaoning Province Precambrian. Tahungyu Formation (,) Tahungyu Quartzite and Andesite Lava Kao C S, Hsiung Y H, Kao P, 1934, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(2): 243-288 Dahongyu (Tahungyu) in Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For quartzite with interbeds of andesite lava Proterozoic. Tai’an Formation (#) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tai’an, Xintai Sheet Tai’an City, Shandong Province For recent fluvial Holocene.

Tai’antun Formation () Wang Danqun et al., 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Binxian County Sheet, Wuchang County Sheet Tai’antun in Shangzhi County, Heilongjiang Province For volcanic rocks with interbeds of sedimentary rocks Mid Jurassic. Taibai Formation ( ) Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 261 Taibaishan, the main peak of the Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province For diamictite composed of pebbles, block gravels and mud gravels, with loess and sandy clay beds in the upper part Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Taifuping Formation () Taifuping Series Wang H T, Liu T Y, 1936, Mem. Geol. Surv. Hunan, ser.B, (1): 41, 45-46 Dafuping (Taifuping), 35 km northeast of Anhua County, Hunan Province Cambrian. Taihochen Sandstone () Lee Y Y, Chen B F, 1939, Geological Review, 4(5): 339 Taihezhen (Taihochen) (today Shehong County), 20 km southeast of Shehong County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of brownish purple thick-bedded sandstone and calcareous mudstone, with Lidusi limestone bed and Cangshan shale bed Late Jurassic. Taihua Complex () Taihua Group Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, 1959(11): 32-35 Taihuashan in Huayin County, Shaanxi Province For metamorphic complex Archean. Taihuai Formation () Yang Jie, 1937, Geological Review, 2(5): 429-448 Taihuai’ Town in Wutai County, Shanxi Province For green schist Presinian.

Taihuangkou Formation () Taihuangkou Series Sun C C, 1936, On the stratigraphy of upper Huangho & Nan Shan Region, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 75-86 Dahuanggou (Taihuangkou), 45 km south of Jiayuguan, Jiuquan City, Gansu Province Early Permian. Taijihe Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 46. First appeared in a manuscript by Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team Taijihe in the southern slope of the Eastern Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province For calcareous schist, limestone and marbles, with interbeds of quartzose sandstone, phyllite and quartzite Proterozoic. Taikang Formation (#) Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by No.2 Songliao Petroleum Geological Survey Team Taikang County, Jilin Province For green muddy shale, sandy mudstone, with interbeds of white siltstone, and parti-coloured sandstone Pliocene. Taiku Formation () Taiku Series Barbour C B, 1931, The Taiku deposits and the problem of Pleistocene Climates, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 10(1/2): 71-104 Taigu (Taiku) County, Shanxi Province For loose sediments and clay Pliocene-Pleistocene.

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Taikuei Formation (-) Chu S, 1928, Upper Paleozoic Formations and Faunas of Yaoling, Chenhsien, South Hunan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 7(1): 61-80 Dagui (Taikuei) village, south of Yaolin, 20 km southeast of Chenxian County, Hunan Province For limestone. The fossils so far found in this limestone Permian. Tailegula Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Halamayi Sheet Tailegula in Halamayi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray, grayish green, purplish red thinbedded tuffite, tuffaceous siltstone and mudstone Late Carboniferous.

Tailing Breccia () Liu Huisi, Mo Zhusun, Mem. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (7): 31-32 (see Hu Haitao, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 26 Tailing in Jiangxi Province Dealing with the original Mongshan Formation, for breccia Cretaceous.

Tailuke Formation () Tailuke Beds, Tailuke Marble Chen C H, 1979, Mem. Geol. Soc. China, (3): 219-236. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Yen T P Tailuke village, 20 km north of Hualien County, Taiwan Province For the marble with interbeds of green schist and siliceous schist within the certain part of the Tananao Schist Pre-Tertiary. Taimoshan Formation () Uglow W L, 1926, Geology and Mineral Resources of Hongkong, Preliminary Report, Colonial Government, Hongkong, China Taimoshan in New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For volcanic rock Cretaceous.

Tainan Formation () Ishizaki K, 1943, The strebus from Taiwan, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 14(3/4) Tainan City, Taiwan Province For clay and sands Holocene. Taingan Group () Taingan Gruppe Richthofen F von, 1882, China, bd.II Da’an (Taingan) between Zhaitang and Hongmeichang, West Hills, Beijing Municipality For coal measures Carboniferous. Tai O Formation () Allen P M, Stephens E A, 1971, Report on the Geological Survey of Hong Kong (1967-1969), Hong Kong Government; 1972, Geological Map of Hong Kong (1:200 000) Companying a Report on the Geological Survey of Hong Kong (1967– 1969), London Institute of Geological Sciences, Published in Hong Kong, 1-107 Tai O in Lantau Island, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For black or white banded siltstone and gray quartzite Carboniferous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Taipei Formation () Taipei Series, geographic name Taipei was Romanized as Taihoku by the Japanese (LSI) Ichikawa Y, 1929, The stratigraphy of the coalfields of Taiwan, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 36(429) Taipei City, Taiwan Province Taipei Formation with seven subdivisions: Nankou Sandstone, Sogo Formation, the middle coal-bearing formation, Tairyo Formation, Kokan Tuff, the lower coal-bearing formation and Seitan Formation Miocene. Taipinch’ang Formation ( ) Tai-Pin-Ch’ang Coal-bearing Horizon Grabau A W, 1928, Stratigraphy of China, pt.II, 47,771 Taipingzhuang (Taipinch’ang) in Yunnan Province For coal-bearing strata Late Triassic Homonym: Taipingzhuang Formation (1). Taiping Formation (1) (  1) Taiping Series Gregory J W et al., 1925, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, ser.B, vol.213, 177-298 Taiping village in Tengchong County, Yunnan Province Presinian Homonym: Taiping Group, Taiping For-

mation (2). Taiping Formation (2) (  2) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 282. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript of classified material by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Taiping in Liucheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dealing with the speleothem within the Fengmendong cave, for reddish yellow clay, brownish yellow clay Pleistocene Homonymous with Taiping Formation (1). Taiping Group ( ) Taiping Shale Hsu C, 1934, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (4): 17 Taiping County, Anhui Province For shale Silurian Homonymous with

Taiping Formation (1). Taipingchuan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Heilongjiang Corporation of Coal Field Geological Exploration Taipingchuan coal-field, Nuteha Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish black siltstone, mudstone, with interbeds of conglomerate, thin-bedded limestone and coal seams Mid Jurassic. Taipingding Formation ( ) Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.26],

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Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Shandong Bureau of Geology, and No.1 Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology Taipingding in Xintai City, Shandong Province Dealing with a component formation within the Taishan Group, for schist, gneiss and amphibolites Archean. Taipinglinchang Formation ( ) No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jiayin, Taipinggou Sheet Taipinglinchang in Jiayin County, Heilongjiang Province For gray mudstone, siltstone, with interbeds of coarse-grained sandstone and purplish red mudstone Late Cretaceous.

Taipingshan Formation ( ) Cao Boxun, 1988, Report of Regional Geological Survey (Zhoukoudian Sheet), People’s Republic of China, Chapter 7 Taipingshan in Zhoukoudian, Fangshan County, Beijing Municipality Dealing with the speleothem, for red, brownish red clay, with rudite and limestone breccia in the bottom Pleistocene.

Taipingshao Formation ( ) Zhang Qiusheng, 1962, Proceedings of Science of Changchun College of Geology, (1) Taipingshao, 30 km northeast of Kuandian County, Liaoning Province Archean Synonymous with Beidiaohuangzi Formation.

Taipingzhai Subgroup ( ) Wang Qichao, Zhang Shaoqing, Qi Honglie, 1994, Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources of North China, 9(1): 47-63 Taipingzhai in Qianxi County, Hebei Province Dealing with a component subgroup within the upper part of the Qianxi Group, for epicrustal rock Archean.

Taipingzhuang Formation (1) (  1) Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 39. First appeared in a manuscript by Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team Taipingzhuang in Fengning County, Hebei Province Dealing with a component formation within the Shuangshanzi Group Archean Homonym: Taipingzhuang Formation (2). Taipingzhuang Formation (2) (  2) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Ge-

ology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 336 Taipingzhuang in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For brownish yellow gravel-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

bearing clay and sands Pleistocene Homonymous with Taipingzhuang Formation (1). Tairum Formation ( ) Tairum Nor Formation Spock L E, Osborn H F, 1930, Livre Jubilaire, Centenaries Soc. Geol. France Tairouhu (Tairum), east of Erenhot, north of Panjiang Basin, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Cretaceous.

Taishan Complex (#) Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, 19-58 Taishan in Tai’an County, Shandong Province For metamorphic complex Archean. Taishan Formation () Geographic name Taishan was Romanized as Daizan by the Japanese (LSI) Endo R, Resser C, 1937, Bulletin of Manchurian Science Museum, 1, 304 Taishan close to Jinjiachengzi, Fuzhou Bay, Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For green shale, edgewise conglomerate and oolitic limestone Late Cambrian. Taishanmiao Formation () Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xi Wenxiang, Pei Fang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (41), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Henan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 164. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Jiaozuo College of Mining Industry Taishanmiao in Nanshao County, Henan Province Dealing with the upper part of the Jiuli Coal Measure, for alternating beds of dark gray, black clay stone, and gray quartzose sandstone and siltstone, with interbeds of silicalite, grayish white marls and Oil shale Late Triassic. Taiso Beds (“”) Taiso Coal Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.I, Palaezoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 389 Taiso close to Yantai, southern Liaoning Province For coal Late Carboniferous or Permian. Tai Tam Formation () Uglow W L, 1926, Geology and Mineral Resources of the Colony of Hongkong, Colonial Government, Hongkong, China Tai Tam Wan located southeast of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For volcanic rocks Cretaceous. Taitemahu Formation (  ) Wang Wenxian, 1986, A study on the development history of the Quaternary Deposits of the Lopnur Lake and its adjacent area, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 7586 Taitemahu, southeast of Luobu village, east of Takelamagan desert, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, grayish red clay Holocene.

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Taitung Volcanics () Taitung Ophiolite Chai B H T, 1972, American Journal of Science, 272: 389422 Taitung, Taiwan Province Dealing with the ultrabasic rock, gabbros, diabase, pillow basalt assemblage within the Liji Formation of eastern coast range, Taiwan Province Miocene. Taitzu Formation () Endo R, 1931, Cambrian Period, Iwanami Series, 47-62 Taizi (Taitzu) River in Liaoning Province For limestone Mid Cambrian. Taitzuho Group () Taitzuho System Sakamoto T, 1926, Geology and Mineral Resources of South Manchuria, (66) Taizi River (Taitzuho) in Liaoning Province For coal-bearing strata Carboniferous-Permian. Taiyang Formation () Taiyang Schishten Richthofen F von, 1882, China, bd. II, 403, 406-408, 410, 411 Daiyang (Taiyang) Town, 18 km northwest of the Town of Jincheng County, Shanxi Province For coal measure with interbeds of limestone beds Carboniferous-Permian Synonym: Taiyuan Formation. Taiyangding Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 82. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript of classified material by Northwest Geological Survey Team Taiyangding in Jiangzha Township, Ruo’ergai County, Sichuan Province For dark gray, black silicalite, siliceous slate, with interbeds of siltstone, coal lenticle Early Cambrian. Taiyanghe Formation () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Taiyanghe in Hubei Province Early Silurian. Taiyangling Formation () Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by Shuangyang Coal Field Geological Survey Team Taiyangling in Taiping Township, Shuangyang County, Jilin Province For coal-bearing series composed of conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone, sandstone, siltstone and coal seams Early-Mid Jurassic. Taiyangping Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991,Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Re-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

sources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 22. First appeared in a manuscript by No.602 Team of Sichuan Corporation of Metallurgical-Geological Exploration Taiyangping in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province For a component formation of the Tongmuliang Group Proterozoic. Taiyangsi Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Taiyangsi in Shennongjia, Hubei Province For a component formation within the local Dagushi Group Mesoproterozoic. Taiyuan Formation () Taiyuan Series Wong W H, Grabau A W, 1923, Compte-Rendu du Congrie Geologique International, 1922, Liege. Imprimerie Vallant-Carinenne, 657-689 Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province Dealing with a series of coal-bearing strata, for white thick-bedded quartzose sandstone, black shale, with interbeds of 1-10 limestone beds, 8-9 coal seams, the limestone is replaced by flint occasionally Late Carboniferous-Early Permian The geologic time of the Taiyuan Formation are varying from place to place in its distribution area of North China Plain, it is a diachronous lithostratigraphic unit. Synonym: Penchi Formation, Taiyang Formation. Taiyueshan Group ( ) No.213 Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen, Qinyang Sheet Taiyueshan in Shanxi Province For the sum of Jingou Formation, Baiyanghe Formation and Shigaoshan Formation Archean. Taizhou Formation (# ) Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resource (Xu Xuesi, ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (32), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangsu Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 246. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Taizhou City, Jiangu Province Dealing with a series of underground strata, for yellow fine-grained sandstone, brownish red muddy sandstone Paleocene. Taizi Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shennongjia Sheet Taizishang, 8 km northwest of the main peak of Shennongjia, Hubei Province Dealing with the sixth (in ascending order) formation within the Shennongjia Group, for gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone, carbonaceous-dolomitic siltstone, with interbeds of knotty limestone Mesoproterozoic.

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Taizicun Formation () Taizi Formation Zhai Renjie, Zheng Jiajian, Tong Yongsheng, 1978, Stratigraphy of the Mammal-bearing Tertiary of the Turfan Basin, Sinkiang, Mem. Inst. Vert. Paleont. Paleoan., Academia Sinica, ser.A, (13): 68-81 Taizi village, east of Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For white sandstone, brownish red, purplish red conglomerate with interbeds of mudstone Paleocene. Taizidi Formation () Wu Tieshan, Wang Lixin, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Taizidi in Shanxi Province For metamorphic intrusive rock Archean. Taizishan Formation () Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xi Wenxiang, Pei Fang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (41), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Henan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 167. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.5 Henan Coal Field Geology Team Taizishan in Nanshao County, Henan Province Dealing with the upper part of original Jiulishan Coal Series, for grayish brown, grayish purple and pink quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of thin-bedded sandstone, siltstone and sandy mudstone Early Jurassic. Takang Group () Takang Series, geographic name Takang was Romanized as Taiko by the Japanese (LSI) Noda M, 1941, Jour. Geol. Soc. Manch., (2) The ridge of Dagang (Takang) in Tiechang Coal Field, southeast of Tonghua County, Jilin Province For grayish white coarse-grained quartzose sandstone with interbeds of gray shale and carbonaceous shale, with coal seams Early Permian. Takangkou Formation () Hsu T L, 1956, Geology of the Coastal Range, Eastern Taiwan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (8) Takangkou village on the coast and close to the middle part of the Coastal Range Contains mainly shale and conglomerate, usually dark gray

in color, carrying abundant foraminifer fossils and occasionally with some round pebbles of andesite or limestone nodules in the lower part Miocene. Takangshan limestone ( ) Geographic name Takangshan was Romanized as Taikozan by the Japanese (LSI) Yoshida K, 1932, Report on the Geology of the Oil Field of Southwestern Chishan, Kaohsiung Takangshan in Kaohsiung County, Taiwan Province Divided into two parts, the lower part, the greenish sandy shale; the upper part, the coralline limestone, being porous, white or light gray in color Pliocene-Pleistocene. Takehshan Formation () Geographic name Takehshan was Romanized as Taikokusan by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K, 1935, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tosei (Tung-

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shih) Sheet Takehshan in Tungshih, Taichung County, Taiwan Province Composed principally of sandstone and shale Miocene. Takena Formation () Luo Zhongshu, 1973, Tibet Geology, (1) Takena close to Linzhou County, Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish green, dark gray carbonate rocks with interbeds of sandy and muddy clastic rocks Early Cretaceous.

Takeng Formation ( ) Ho C S et al., 1956, Geology and coal deposits of the Chichiashan areas, Natou, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (9) Takeng village in Nantou County, Taiwan Province For dark gray shales and thick-bedded massive gray sandstone Miocene.

Takor Formation (!) Geographic name Takor was Romanized as Tagor by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Scale (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 2, chart 1. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Ciniqyn B M (Sinicen W M) Takor in the southern foot of Altay Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous (or Late Devonian). Takou Formation () T’an H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (the atlas issued

containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections), Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (15) Dagou (Takou), 45 km northwest of Xichang County, Sichuan Province Permian. Takouyen sandstone () Hsieh C Y, 1932, The Chiawang Coal Field of Tungshan District, Kiangsu, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (18) Dagouyan (Takouyen) village, 0.5 km west of Jiawang (Chiawang), Jiangsu Province For sandstone Permian. Takuan Group ( ) Guo W K, Huang S H, 1942, Special Report of Department of Mineral Resources and Geological Survey, (17) Daguan (Takuan) County, Yunnan Province For a sequence of dark gray knotty limestone and massive limestone, sandy mudstone and muddy siltstone Early Silurian. Takueishan Formation () Takueishan Series Onuki Y, 1944, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 51(605): 78-79 Dakuishan (Takueishan) in Boshan County, Shandong Province For massive banded quartzose sandstone with interbeds of purple shales Late Permian.

Takuling formation ($) Chen Guoda, 1949, Geological Review, 14(1-3): 67 Daguling (Takuling), 2.5 km northeast of Chinixu, Huaxian County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of sandstone and shale Late Devonian.

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Takushan Beds () Takushan Peat Beds, Dagushan Formation (Guiyang Institute of Geochemistry, 1977, Science in China, (6): 603-614) Shikama T, 1950, see Chinese Translation of Paleontology, 1955(2) Dagushan (Takushan) at Yellow Sea Coast in Liaodong Peninsula, Liaoning Province For peat beds Pleistocene.

Takushan Formation (.) Takushan Series Richthofen F von, 1882, China, bd.II, 71 Dagushan (Takushan), 50 km west of Andong County, Liaoning Province Precambrian.

Takwanshan Limestone ( ) Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & Southern Kansu, Mem. Geol. Surv.China, (19): 1-72 Daguanshan (Takwanshan) in Wudu County, Gansu Province Limestone Late Permian.

Tala Formation ($) Li Jijun et al., 1996, Science in China, D:Earth Sciences, 26(4): 316-322 Tala in Linchuan County, Gansu Province For fluvial deposits Tertiary Tala For-

mation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Talahulun Formation () Yan Yongqiang, 1997, Regional Geology of China, 16(3) Talahulun in Chabei pasture, Zhangbei County, Hebei Province For grayish white, grayish yellow diamictite composed of massive block, gravel, sand and clay Pleistocene.

Talake Formation () No.2 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1963, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Aksu Area For white dolomite, dolomitic limestone, muddy limestone and gypsum Paleocene.

Talapai Formation (4) Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt. I, Paleozoic and Older, Peking,

Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 492-494. First appeared in a manuscript by Wong W H & Hsieh C Y Dalapai (Talapai) in Jingtai County, Gansu Province For sandstone with interbeds of limestone-nodulebearing coal seams Late Carboniferous. Talatzu Formation () Talazi Series Uwatoko K, 1933, Report on the oil-shale deposit in the neigh-

borhood of Talatzu, Holung Hsien, Chilin Province. No.3 part, Defense Mineral Survey in Manchuria Dalazi (Talatzu) in Helong County, Jilin Province For a sequence of alternating beds of yellowish brown coarse-grained sandstone, grayish black shale and sandstone, with interbeds of oil shale, tuffite and lenticular marl, with red and yellow conglomerate in the base Early Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Talejihe Formation () Xu Jie, Huang Zhigao, 1979, Acta Geologica Sinica, 53(1) Talejihe River in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mid Ordovician.

Talekebulake Formation () Talebulake Formation Liu Hongfu, 1988, Xinjiang Geology, 6(3) Talekebulake in Tuokexun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, grayish green greywacke and siltstone Early Silurian.

Tali Formation () Tali Series Gregory J W et al., 1925, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London. ser.B, vol.212, 218 Dali (Tali) County, Yunnan Province For metamorphic rocks Presinian.

Taliao Formation () Geographic name Taliao was Romanized as Tairyo by the Japanese (LSI) Ichikawa I, 1930, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Toen Sheet Taliao village in Sanhsia, Taipei County, Taiwan Province Composed of light bluefish gray, compact and dense, fine-grained sandstone and grayish black shale Miocene.

Talih Formation () Geographic name Talih was Romanized as Taireki by the Japanese (LSI) Ichikawa Y, 1930, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tikuto Sheet Talih in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province Consists of soft, light colourful sandstone with distinct cross-beds, intercalated with thin lenses or nodules of highly siliceous sandstone, in the upper part, with fine-grained and thin beds of sandy shale more frequently Pliocene-Pleistocene.

Talilai Formation ( ) Fan Yingnian, 1988, Carboniferous of Tibet, Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House Talilai in Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray massive

limestone, grayish green siltstone, fine- to coarse-grained quartzose sandstone with interbeds of muddy limestone Late Carboniferous. Taling Formation () Hsieh C Y, Wang C, 1938, Geological Review, 3(1): 63-70 Daling, 1 km northwest of Xiwan, Zhongshan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dealing with a sequence of alternating beds of gray thin-bedded limestone, dark gray shale, black carbonaceous shale, oil shale and fresh water limestone Triassic-Jurassic Homonymous with Taling Limestone.

Taling Limestone () Ozaki K, 1931, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 38(449) Daling (Taling) in Liaoning Province For limestone Mid Ordovician Homonym: Taling Formation.

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Talingho Formation (.) Talingho Volcanics Muroi W, 1940, Fushin and Lingyuan Districts, Guide Book to No.2 Excursion, Geol. Conf. Manch. 28-29 Talingho in Yixian County, Liaoning Province For volcanic rocks Late Cretaceous. Talingong Group ( ) Tang Kedong, 1992, Tectonic evolution and its metallogenesis pattern of plicate

belt located at the northern side of Sino-Korea Plate, Beijing: Peking University Press Talingong close to Haliqi river, Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For the sum (in descending order) of Halahada Formation, Geshaokebu Formation, Aibugaihe Formation and Haliqi Formation Ordovician-Silurian. Talipo Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet Talipo close to Zhongzan, Batang County, Sichuan Province For gray, grayish white carbonate rocks Late Devonian. Taliqike Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Taliqike close to Shushanhe river, Baicheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, grayish white sandstone, quartzose sandstone, conglomerate, with interbeds of black siltstone, carbonaceous mudstone and coal seams Late Triassic-Early Jurassic. Talisayi Formation ( ) Wang Jingbin, Li Yongan, Wang Youbiao, Qi Zhiming, 1982, The Sinian Suberath-

em in West Segment of Northern Tianshan Mountain, in Proceedings of Geological Science of Xinjiang, Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House, 1-9 Talisayi valley in Guozigou area, Huocheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark gray diamictite Sinian. Talitzu Formation () Talitzukou Formation Saito R, 1943, Mem. Geol. Inst. Manchukuo, (18) Dalizikou in Linjiang County, Jilin Province For volcanic rocks Proterozoic. Taliushukou Formation ( ) Taliushukou Series Ozaki H, 1941, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 48(568): 5152 Daliushugou (Taliushukou) village, close to Qingliangshan, Luanxian County, Hebei Province Presinian. Talu Shale () Geographic name Talu was Romanized as Daroku by the Japanese (LSI) Ando S, 1930, On the Geology of Byoritsu Oilfield of Taiwan, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan,

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vol.37, Supplement to no.447 The Talu-keng between Fuchi and Chuhuangkeng, Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For shale Miocene. Talung Formation (/) Sun Y C, 1937, The Earth, 1(7): 1-17. First appeared in a manuscript by Chang W Y & Chen C T Dalong (Talung) in Heshan, Laibin City (original Qijiang County), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For silicalite and siliceous limestone Late Permian.

Talungchuan Limestone () Huang Y S, 1940, Geology of the iron ore deposits of Imen, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Dalongquan (Talungchuan), 2 km west of Yimen (Imen) County, Yunnan Province For limestone Late Sinian.

Talungkou Formation ( ) Talungkou Series Yuan P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17 Dalongkou (Talungkou) close to Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Permian. Talungshan Formation () Ho C S, Tsan S F, Pan C W, Yang Y T, 1954, Geology of the Nanchuang Coalfield, Miaoli, Taiwan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (6) Talungshan in Nanchuang, Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For black massive or thick-bedded sandstone with interbeds of shale Miocene.

Talungtan Formation () Talungtan Coal-bearing Formation Wang C C, Biq C C, 1940, Geology of the Tasopo Coal Field, Hsuanwei, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Dalongtan (Talungtan), west of Dasuopo (Tasopo), Xuanwei County ( today Rongfeng County), Yunnan Province For coal-bearing strata Late Permian. Tamagou Formation () Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 10. First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by No.6 Gansu Geology Team Tamagou close to Longshoushan, Gansu Province PreMesoproterozoic. Tamaokang Formation ( ) Hsia H Y, Liu H S, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (3): 103 Damaogang (Tamaokang), northwest of Dexing County, Jiangxi Province Devonian.

Tamaopu Gravel Beds ( ) Geographic name Tamaopu was Romanized as Daiboho by the Japanese (LSI) Makiyama T, 1934, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tyureki Sheet Tamaopu in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province Consists mainly of pebbles of rather uniform size, loosely cemented by yellowish sand or clay Pleistocene.

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Tameishan Formation () Tameishan Coal Series Wang Y L, Biq C C, 1945, Geology of the Lomachang Lead-Silver Doposit, Lutien, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36): 1-9 Dameish-

an (Tameishan) between Yiliang County and Songming County, Yunnan Province For coal-bearing strata Early Carboniferous Synonym of Wanshoushan Formation. Tamingshan Formation (%) Tamingshan Series, Tamingshan Group Wang Yu et al., 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(2) Damingshan (Tamingshan), east of Gongyuan, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For volcanic rocks Early Cretaceous. Tampa Formation () Tampa Series T’an H C, Lee C Y, 1931, Mineral Deposits of Eastern Sik’ong, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (17) Danba (Tampa) County in Sichuan Province For green, gray, black schist, grayish white quartzite and gneiss Presinian. Tamu Formation () Tamu Group No.2 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explana-

tory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geology and Mineral Resources Map of Southwestern Xinjiang, pt. 1, Stratigraphy, 14-250 Tamu in Tiekelike Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For rhythmic beds of light metamorphic marine sandstone, phyllite with interbeds of limestone Early Devonian. Tamugang Formation () Li Qixin, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kupu Sheet Tamugang, south of Songgeersu, Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish black muddy siltstone, gray sandstone, gravel-bearing coarsegrained sandstone, conglomerate, carbonaceous shale and coal seams Early Carboniferous. Tamulangou Formation () Wang Rongfu et al., 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chuoerhe Sheet Tamulangou, southwest of Chuoer Town, Yakeshi, Hulun Buir League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Dealing with the original Genhe Basic-intermediate Volcanics, for medium basic lava, volcanic clastic rocks and sedimentary rocks Mid-Late Jurassic Synonymous with Genhe Formation. Tamuqi Formation (:) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map; Gongliu Sheet Tamuqi valley in Kusongmuqieke hills, southwest of Jinghe County, Western Tianshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the lower part of Kusongmuqieke Group, for gray, black limestone, carbonaceous limestone with interbeds of silicalite Mesoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tamuqisayi Formation (9, ) Zhang Zhimin, Wu Shaozu, 1991, in No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, The Paleozoic of Xinjiang (Summary of Stratigraphy of Xinjiang), pt.2, Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House, 329-482. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.9 Xinjiang Geology Team Tamuqisayi in Nileke County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, grayish black, grayish green sandstone, marls, limestone, shale and volcanic clastic rocks Late Permian. Tananao Group () Tananao Schist, Tananao Complex, Tananao Series, geographic name Tananao was Romanized as Dainano by the Japanese (LSI) Ogasawara M, 1933, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tananao Sheet Tananao in Ilan County, Taiwan Province In addition to the schist and the crystalline limestone which were originally grouped as the Tananao Series, the Tananao group includes also what are known as the Kiyoku, Kanagan and Yuantoushan gneisses Paleozoic-Mesozoic. Tananling Limestone () Kao P, 1933, Geology of Yushan & Kuangfung of Eastern Kiangsi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (23) Dananling (Tananling) in Xibei Township, Guangfeng County, Jiangxi Province Limestone Early-Mid Ordovician.

Tananwan Formation () Geographic name Tananwan was Romanized as Dainanwan by the Japanese (LSI) Makiyama T, 1934, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Kuantinshan Sheet Tananwan village, 16 km northwest of Taipei County, Taiwan Province Composed of alternating beds of sandstone, dark gray or light gray shale, and conglomerate Pliocene-Pleistocene. Tanbu Group () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map; Xinyu Sheet Tanbu in Jiangxi Province Early Creta-

ceous. Tanchi Formation () Tanchi Series Yoh S S, 1929, Preliminary Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Nan Tan Hsien, Ho Chi Hsien, I shan Hsien, Ma Ping Hsien and Hsiang Hsien, Northern Kwangsi Province, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.I, 97-124 ”Danchi” is the sum from the abbreviation for Nan Tan and Ho Chi, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For quartzite and limestone Carboniferous. Tanchi Formation ()) Tanchi Limestone Wang C H, Pien H T, 1949, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 29(1/4): 63-74 Tanxi (Tanchi) in Anhua County, Hunan Province For limestone Cambrian.

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Tanchiachiao Formation (*) Tanchiachiao Shale Hsu Singwu G, 1936, The Tremadocian in South Anhui, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 105-108 Tanjiaqiao (Tanchiachiao), 15 km south of Taiping County, Anhui Province For yellowish green shale with interbeds

of purple and parti-coloured shale, and with thin-bedded limestone in the bottom Early Ordovician.

Tanchiapa Formation (*) Tanchiapa Series Tien C C, Wang H C, Hsu Y T, 1933, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (15): 8 Tanjiaba (Tanchiapa), 15 km northeast of Xiangtan County, Hunan Province Early Devonian.

Tanchou Group ( ) Tanchou Schist and Phyllite Chao T K, Wu Y S, 1941, in Lee J S, Chang W Y, 1941, Stratigraphic Tables of Kwangsi, Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica Danzhou (Tanchou, original Sanjiang), north of Yongshui County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For schist and phyllite Sinian.

Tangaita’er Formation (+) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by No.13 Geology Team of Ministry of Geology Tangaita’er, 40 km north of Atushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish black schist with interbeds of dolomitic limestone and conglomerate Mid Devonian. Tangbao Member (#) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology

of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.150 Guangxi Geology Team Tangbao in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a component member within the local Nadang Formation Early Jurassic. Tangbian Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 112 Tangbian close to Hetang Township, Hengfeng County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with the middle part of the Guifeng Group, for purplish red, grayish green sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, with interbeds of rudite, gypsum and basalt, with dinosaur eggs fossils Late Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tangbingcuo Diamictite (,$) Tangbingcuo Till Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 251. First appeared in a manuscript by Qiang Fang et al. Tangbingcuo in Kailas-Nyainqentanglha Area, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene.

Tangchiachu(w)ang Formation () Faisceau de Tangchiachwang or Tangchiachuang Mathieu F F, 1927, Bull. Soc. Belge de Geol., tome 36, 162 Tangjiazhuang (Tangchiachwang or Tangchia-chuang) in Kaiping County, Hebei Province Permian Homonym: Tangjiazhuang Formation.

Tangchiawu Formation () Tangchiawu Sandstone Shu W P, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Shanghai, (10) Tangjiawu (Tangchiawu), 12 km northwest of Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province For grayish green massive quartzose sandstone with interbeds of sandy shale Late Ordovician (or Silurian).

Tangchih Formation (-) Tangchih Series Pien C S, 1940, Geology of Tameishan Coal Field, Iliang & Sungmin, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33). First appeared in a 1936 manuscript by Wang Y L & Pien C S Tangchih, 13 km northwest of Yiliang Province For sandstone with interbeds of shale and sandstone Early Ordovician.

Tangchung Formation () Tian C C, Hsu R L, 1936, Rept. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (18) Dangchong (Tangchung) in Baohetang, Shaodong County, Hunan Province For iron and manganesebearing muddy limestone and thin-bedded siliceous shale Early Permian.

Tangcun Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuancheng Sheet Tangcun, west of Jingxian County, Anhui Province For grayish white dolomitic limestone and limestone Late Cam-

brian. Tangding Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Nandan Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by No.5 Petroleum Geological Survey and Exploration Team, Ministry of Geology Tangding in Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the silicalite Mid Devonian.

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Tang’enshan Formation (.) Tang’enshan Sandstone Ho C S, 1956, Miocene Rocks of the Chutouchi Oilfield, Tainan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (8) Tang’enshan, a mountain range east of Yuching in Tainan County, Taiwan Province For light bluish gray to gray massive sandstone with gray shale or sandy shale interbeds Miocene.

Tanggu Formation (/) Tianjin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1992, Regional Geology of Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.29], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138-139 Tanggu harbor, Tianjin Municipality Pleistocene Tanggu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with nonlithostratigraphic meaning.. Tanggula Groug () Jiang Zhongti, 1983 Some Problems on Jurassic Strata in Qiangtang Area, in

Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 87-112. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Integrative Geology Research Team, Ministry of Petroleum Tanggula Mountain Range, Qinghai Province Mid Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Synonymous with Yanshiping Group. Tanghsien Gravel () Andersson J G, 1939, Topographical and Archaeological studies in Far East, Bull. Mus. Far Eastern Antiquities, (11): 7-22 Tangxian County, Hebei Province For gravel beds Neogene. Tangjiawan Formation () Yu Changmin et al., 1991, Reef Assemblage of Devonian of South China, Geo-

logical Guide of International Conference (in English), Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tangjiawan, 4.5 km southwest of Wayao, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gray, dark gray, black limestone and dolomite, with interbeds of marls, shale and sandstone Mid Devonian. Tangjiazhuang Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang, Weifang, Youxi Sheet. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Cao Guoquan, Ai Xiansen & Zhang Chengji Tangjiazhuang in Laixi City, Shandong Province For dark gray leptynite with interbeds of granulite Archean Homonymous with Tangchiachu(w)ang Formation. Tangkeng Formation ( ) Ma Changxin, Liu Ronggui, Lu Guide, et al., 1992, Presinian Geology of Northeastern Jiangxi, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tangkeng in Jiangxi Province Palaeoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tangkou Formation () Tangkou Shale and Sandstone Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of Na-

tional University of Peking, 2(2): 95. First appeared in a manuscript by Ting V K Dangkou (Tangkou), 9 km south of Liujiang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For shale and sandstone Mid Devonian. Tanglishu Member (/') Zhao Xiukun, 1978, Devonian of Wuding District (Abstract), in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 172-175 Tanglishu close to Yuzidian, Wuding County, Yunnan Province A component member within the upper part of Yuzidian Formation, for blackish gray sandy shale, carbonaceous shale with interbeds of siltstone Mid Devonian. Tanglung Formation ( ) Tan H C, 1939 (1947), Contribution to Geological Institute of National University of Peking, (26): 60 Tanglong (Tanglung) in Zixing County, Hunan Province For quartzose sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of coal seams Late Triassic-Early

Jurassic. Tangnei Formation () Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of

Fujian Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 172. First appeared in a manuscript by Huang Zonglin Tangnei close to the estuary of Jiulongjiang, Fujian Province For alluvial beds Holocene Synonymous with Houzhu Formation. Tangpakou Formation (-) Tangpakou Series Ting V K, 1931, On the Stratigraphy of the Fengninian, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 10(1): 31-48 Tanbagou (Tangpakou), 14 km southwest of Dushan County, Guizhou Province For quartzose sandstone with interbeds of thin-bedded black shaly limestone and thin coal seams Early Carboniferous. Tangpan Formation () Yu Jianhua, Xia Shufang, Fang Yiting, 1976, Bulletin of Nanking University (Natural Science), (2) Tangpan in Xiushui valley, Jiangxi Province Early Ordovician Tangpan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Tangshan Conglomerate () Tangshanpeng Conglomerate (Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Shangdong Province, 1976) Feng K L, 1937, Notes on the lava covered gold placer deposits of Tangshan, Chihsia, Shantung, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 17(1): 33-44 Tangshan close to Tangshanpeng village, Huangyadian, Qixia County, Shandong Province

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For conglomerate Tertiary Homonymous with Tongshan Limestone; Feasible substitute name: Tangshanpeng Conglomerate.

Tangshan Formation (-) Tangshan Series Lee Y Y, Lee C, Chu S, 1935, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (11): 6 Tangshan, 20 km east of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For reddish brown medium-thick-bedded siliceous limestone Mid Ordovician. Tangshan Limestone () Mathieu F F, 1920, in Grabau A W, 1920 (A Lower Permian Fauna from the Kaiping Coal Basin, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (2): 76-78), “Notes on the Horizons of the Kaiping Basin”. First appeared in a manuscript by Grabau A W Tangshan City, Hebei Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Homonym: Tangshan Formation, Tangshan Zone, Tangshan Conglomerate. Tangshang Formation () Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xianju Sheet Tangshang village in Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province For a set of acidic sedimentary volcanic clastic lava and purplish red sandstone Early Cretaceous. Tangshanpeng Conglomerate ( ) Tangshan Conglomerate Compiling Group for Shandong Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tangshanpeng in Qixia County, Shandong Province For conglomerate Neogene Feasible substitute name of Tangshan Conglomerate. Tangshih Formation ( ) Endo R, 1931, Cambrian Period, Iwanami Series Dangshi (Tabgshih) Ridge, 5 km southeast of Huazi (Yantai), Dengta County, Liaoning Province Composed

of purplish red and greenish gray shale, dark gray banded limestone, argillaceous limestone and oolitic limestone Mid Cambrian. Tangtadaling Formation (-$) Hainan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Chen Zhepei ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (46), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hainan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 61. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by No.1 Element of Hainan Geology Team Tangtadaling close to Gaofeng, Sanya City, Hainan Province For volcanic rocks Early Cretaceous. Tangtan Formation (-) Tangtan Shale Hsieh C Y, 1938, Preliminary Report of National Geological Survey Tangdan (Tangtan) in Dongchuan County, Yunnan Province For shale and phyllite Sinian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tangtang Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 22. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Hu Yanji Tangtang in Huidong County, Sichuan Province For dark gray, grayish black phyllite Mesoproterozoic. Tangtou Formation (1) (- 1) Tangtou Beds Tan’ H C, 1922, The Coal Field of Tsu-chuan & Po-shan, Shantung, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4) Tangtou in Zibo City, Shandong Province Jurassic or Cretaceous Homonym: Tangtou Formation (2). Tangtou Formation (2) (- 2) Mu Enzhi, Pan Jiang, Yu Changmin, 1955, Geological Knowledge, (1): 24 Tang-

tou village in the southwestern slope of Tangshan, east of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For yellowish green shale with interbeds of knotty limestone Late Ordovician Homonymous with Tangtou Formation (1). Tangwangchai Limestone () Chao, Y. T., Huang, T. K., 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (9): 137 Tangwangzhai (Tangwangchai) in Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province For grayish white thick-bedded massive limestone Late Devonian Homonym: Tangwangzhai Formation. Tangwangling Conglomerate () Tangling Formation, Tangwangling Formation, Tangling Group Li Qinzhong, Yang Yingzhang, Jia Jinchang, 1983, The geologic age of the Tangwangling Conglomerate and its genesis of Lixian County, Shaanxi, Geology of Shaanxi, 1(1). First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.3 Shaanxi Petroleum Geological Survey Team Tangwangling in Lixian County, Shaanxi Province For yellowish green shale with interbeds of quartzose sandstone, siliceous dolomite and purple muddy conglomerate Mid-Late Ordovician. Tangwangzhai Formation () Zhang Wentang, Zhu Zhaoling, 2000, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Strtigraphical Studies in China (1979–1999), Hefei: China University of Science and Technology Press, 11 Tangwangzhai in Qingxian County, Shandong Province For the local original Kushan Formation Mid Cambrian Synonymous with Kushan Formation; Homonymous with Tangwangchai Limestone. Tangxi Formation (-) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jinhua Sheet Tangxi in Jinhua County, Zhejiang Province For brownish yellow, red silt, clay and gravel beds Pleistocene.

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Tangxia Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44),Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 139. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by No.761 Guangdong Geology Team Tangxia in Dongguan County, Guangdong Province For volcanic clastic rocks Jurassic. Tangxiang Formation () First appearance in Wang Yu, Wu Qi, Yu Changmin, 1974, Chihkan of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, (6) Tangxiang in Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a silicalite between Tangding Formation (lower) and Luofu Formation (upper) Mid Devonian Synonym: Nabiao Formation. Tangyu Formation (-) Yan Zhubin, 1985, Geological Review, 31(2): 101-110. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by No.8 Shaanxi Geology Team Tangyu in Shaanxi Province Palaeoproterozoic.

Tanhe Formation (0) Zhong Keng, Wu Yi, Yin Baoan, 1992, Stratigraphy of Guangxi, China, pt. 1, Devonian of Guangxi, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 108, 280 Tanhe village, close to Najia village, Wuxu Town, southwest of Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dealing with the local original Nabiao Formation, for yellowish brown, gray, black thin-bedded silicalite, siliceous shale and black flint bands Early -Mid Devonian. Tanheli Formation () Xu Fuxiang, 1975, Bulletin of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences), (2). First

appeared in a manuscript by No.133 and No.149 Gansu Coal Field Geology Teams Tanheli valley in Zaojiao Town, Tianshui City, Gansu Province For yellow-

ish brown, light yellow, yellowish green sandstone, conglomerate with interbeds of grayish green sandstone, conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone and thin-bedded coal seams Early Jurassic. Tanhsia Formation () Feng K L, Chang H Y, 1929, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.1 Danxia (Tanhsia ) hill between Shaoguan and Renhua, Beijiang County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of lateritic red to dark red sandstone and conglomerate, occasionally with interbeds of shale and mudstone Late Cretaceous. Tanjiacun Formation (1) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing:

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Tanjiacun in Dongzhi County, Anhui Province For brownish gray mud, sands and clay Pleistocene. Tanjiagou Formation (*) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guangyuan Sheet Tanjiagou close to Sanleiba, Guangyuan County, Sichuan For grayish brown, grayish green quartz siltstone, sandy shale, with interbeds of thin-bedded muddy and sandy limestone Early Ordovician.

Tanjianshan Group () Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tanjianshan close to Lianhe valley, Da Qaidam Town, Qinghai Province For a set of light metamorphic clastic rocks with volcanic rocks and limestone between two faults Late Ordovician-Early Silurian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Tanniuping Formation (*) Tanniuping Series Zhang C C, Hu H K, 1941, Bull. Geol. Surv. Sikiang, (1): 31 Tanniuping in Sichuan Province For alternating beds of black limestone, parti-coloured graptolites shale and brownish yellow sandstone Late Devonian.

Tanqian Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multi-

ple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 160 Tanqian in Yanji City, Jilin Province For a set of rhythmic beds composed of grayish green, light blue, purplish red tuffaceous sandstone, sandstone, siltstone, and slate Early Permian. Tansangling Formation (*) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology

of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 213. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Lu Zhongqiu et al. Tansangling in Shanglin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Triassic Tansangling Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Tanshanshih Group () Ma Xingyuan, 1957, Acta Geologica Sinica, 37(1): 26. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Sun Dazhong Danshanshi (Tanshanshih) in Zhongtiao Mountain, Shanxi Province For quartzite Late Proterozoic Synonymous with Tungpo

Quartzite.

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Tanshanwa Limestone () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 53 Tanshanwa in Lingchuan County, southeastern Shanxi Province For a bed of limestone within the local Yumenkou Member Early Permian. Tanshanwan Formation () Tanshanwan Coal Series Hsieh C Y, 1924, Stratigraphy of Southeastern Hupei, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(2): 91-98 Tanshanwan in Hubei Province For coalbearing strata Late Permian.

Tanshih Formation (*) Tanshih Red Beds Tien C C, Wang H C, Hsu Y T, 1933, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (15): 30 Tanshi (Tanshih), 20 km west of Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province For grayish green sandstone, with 4 beds of red conglomerate in the bottom Tertiary.

Tantou Formation () Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1959, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoning Sheet Tantou in Luanchuan County, Henan Province For red rudite, sandstone with interbeds of yellow marls, black oil shale and red clay beds Eocene Homonym: Tantou Group.

Tantou Group () Han Zhongren, 1987, Development of Geological Science and Technology, (46) Tantou Township in Yongfeng County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with a set of blastopsephitic sedimentary tuffite, tuffaceous sandstone, slate, phyllite, for the sum of Tiandong Formation, Huojialing Formation and Shangshi Formation Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Tantou Formation.

Tantu Formation (+2) Sun Jianzhong, The Classification of Quaternary Glacial Epoch of Jilin Province, 1982, Acta Geologica Sinica, 56(2): 174-186. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Jilin Hydrological Geology Team Tantu in Zhenlai County, Heilongjiang Province For black clay and sands Holocene.

Tantungkou Formation ( ) Tantungkou Series Luo Zhongshu, 1959, Acta Geologica Sinica, 39(1): 4058. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by Miao Xiangqing Tandonggou (Tantungkou) in Yaojie, Yongdeng County, Gansu province For dark green, yellowish green sandstone and purplish sandy clay Early Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tantzutou Formation () Chao C H, Ho S H, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (8): 134 Tanzituo (Tantzutou) between Shuimogou, Guanxian County and Sanjiangkou, Sichuan Province Mid Devonian. Tanzhesi Formation () Xiao Zongzheng et al., 1994, Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Biofauna of Beijing, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tanzhesi in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality Mid Triassic. Tanzhuang Member (*) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Henan Petroleum Geology Team Tanzhuang in Jiyuan County, Henan Province For alternating beds of calcareous clay stone and siltstone Late Triassic. Taobeiying Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangjiakou Sheet Taobeiying in Hebei Province Late Jurassic Synonymous with Kalgan Trachytes.

Taochiatu Formation () Taojiadu Beds Tseng F J, 1945, Geology of the Cold Field of Malaching, Yungjen, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36) Taojiadu (Taochiatu) close to Nalaqing, Yongren County, Yunnan Province For yellow, grayish yellow coarsegrained sandstone, mudstone and shale with interbeds of conglomerate and coal seams Late Triassic. Taochung Formation ( ) Hayasaka I, 1924, A new locality of Gigantopteris in Southern China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(21): 31-36 Taochong (Taochung) close to Changlongshan, Fanchang County, Anhui Province For iron-bearing sandstone Permian. Taocun Formation ( ) No.1 Team of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1992, Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang Chaoli Sheet Taocun in Shandong Province Late Cretaceous. Taodian Formation ( ) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 197. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Taodian in Hexian County, Anhui Province For speleothem composed of grayish yellow, brownish red clay and sand Pleistocene.

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Taodonggou Group ( ) Xinjiang Institute of Geological Science, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map: Urumqi Sheet Taodonggou in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Permian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Tao’erwan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishong House Tao’erwan in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Archean. Taofu Volcanics () Taofu Volcanic Series Cheng Y C, 1941, On the occurrence & metamorphism

of Late Paleozoic rocks of Taofu, Sikang, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 21(1): 27. First appeared in a manuscript by Lee C S Daofu (Taofu)County, Sichuan Province For volcanic rocks Paleozoic. Taohaiyingzi Formation ( ) No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Keshiketeng Banner Sheet Taohaiyingzi close to Baitintala, Alu Horqin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray, black, yellowish green shale, fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of manganesebearing ferruginous rocks Late Permian Synonym: Xingfuzhilu Formation. Taohekou Formation (3) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Taohekou in Shaanxi Province Dealing

with the lower part of the local Baiyaya Formation, for rudite with interbeds of limestone and limestone lenticle Silurian. Taohu Formation ( ) No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Aqikekule Lake Region, 41-96 Taohu in Muzitage, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, grayish black quartzose sandstone, fine-grained siltstone, muddy siltstone and carbonaceous mudstone Late Triassic. Taohualashan Group ( ) Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 10. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Taohualashan in Gansu Province For micro plant fossils-bearing metamorphic rocks Pre-Mesoproterozoic Synonymous with Longshoushan Group.

1086

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Taohualing Formation ( ) Chu T H, Wu Y S, Wang Y, Ma C T, 1934, Research of Underground Water, (1): 3 Taohualing, 9 km north of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province Proterozoic. Taohuashi Formation (

)

Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 3. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Liu Yiren Taohuashi in Wuling County, Hunan Province For limestone Early Ordovician. Taojinhe Formation (4) No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1975, Features of bedded ultra-

basic rocks in Fanjingshan Region of Guizhou Province and a preliminary discussion of their origin, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1975(4): 343-350 Taojinhe in Yinjiang County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of light blastosandstone, blastotuffite with interbeds of slate, and grayish green metamorphic basic lava Proterozoic. Taojunshan Gneiss () Wang Qichao, Zhang Shaoqing, Qi Honglie, Ren Shuxiang, 1995, The protolith

character of metamorphic rocks and the genetic analysis of granitics of Archean Eon in the Eastern Hebei, Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources of North China, 10(1): 26-41 Taojunshan in Zunhua County, Hebei Province For gneiss Archean. Taoko Group (

)

Lin C C, 1948, Geological Review, vol.13, 150 Taoke (Taoko) in Liaoning Province For magmatic rocks Proterozoic.

Taonan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Taonan in Jilin Province Mid-Late Jurassic.

) Lin Baoyu, Lai Caigen, Guo Zhenming, 1975, Ordovician of the Juncture of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia three Provinces, Proceedings of Ordovician Professional Meeting of North China, Beijing: Science Press Taoqupo, 11 km northwest of Yaoxian County, Shanxi Province For thin-bedded muddy limestone, with interbeds of thick-bedded limestone and calcareous shale early-Mid Ordovician.

Taoqupo Formation (

Taoshan Formation ( ) Liu Weizhou, Peng Yuqun, Wang Zhenzhong, Xie Ju, Feng Zuofeng, 1982, Early Silurian graptolite-bearing strata of Taoshan, Yitong, Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 6(3): 209-217 Taoshan in Yitong County, south of Changchun City, Jilin Province

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For black, grayish black slate, silty slate with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone, tuffaceous siltstone and light color lava Early Silurian.

Taoshihtou Formation (() Wang H C, 1939, in Fortieth Anniversary Report of National Peking University, vol. 1, 75-102 Daoshitou (Taoshihtou) village between Dianchi and West Hills, southwest of Kunming City, Yunnan Province For limestone with interbeds of coal series Late Carboniferous.

Taoshuiwu Formation (() Zhu Tinghu, Sun Haihuan, 1924, Report of Geological Survey of Zhejiang, (1) Daoshuiwu (Taoshuiwu), north of Yinchubu, Yuqian County, Zhejiang Province For a series of grayish green phyllite, grayish yellow fine-grained quartzose sandy

slate, and gravel-bearing phyllitic shale, and with gravel-bearing fine-grained sandstone in the base Jurassic.

) Taoshuyuan Formation Zhai Renjie, Tong Yongsheng, 1978, Report on Expedition of Paleontology of Xinjiang III, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Xia Gongjun Taoshuyuanzi in the southern foot of Bogeda Mountain, Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For coffee mudstone, muddy siltstone with interbeds of sandy conglomerate and white gypsum Oligocene-Miocene. Taoshuyuanzi Formation (

Taosigou Formation () Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Qichang ed.), 1996, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (64), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 18 Taosigou, west of Shitanjing, Shizuishan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For grayish white, light gray, grayish yellow quartzose sandstone, dolomite, limestone and green shale, with interbeds of oolitic limestone lenticle and purplish red shale Mid Cambrian. Taotsuanyen Limestone (() Huang Jiqing, Zeng Dingqian, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 255 Daozuanyan (Taotsuanyen) in Huayingshan Mountain, Sichuan Province For limestone Permian.

Taotuishan Limestone () ) Heim A, 1930 (?) Daoduishan (Taotuishan) in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province Limestone Permian.

Taowan Formation () Taowan Series Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, (11) Taowan Town, Luanchuan County, Henan Province For marbles, phyllite and schist Sinian.

1088

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

) Li Jianhai, Wang Guoping, Zheng Tiefan, Liang Sijin, 1994, New lithostratigraphic units established in Fujian Province, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 325-347 Taoxi in Wuping County, Fujian Province For a set of deep metamorphic leptynite and schist originally called the Louziba Formation locally Presinian. Taoxi Formation (

) Yan Zhubin, 1959, Geological Review, 31(2): 101-110. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.6 Shaanxi Geology Team & Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Taoyu in Minor Qinling District, Shaanxi Province For the upper part of the local Taihua Group Archean. Taoyu Formation (

 1) Sun Y C, 1924, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser.B, vol.1, fasc.4 Taoyuan in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality For limestone Late Cambrian Homonym: Taoyuan Formation (2), (3), Taoyuan Slate. Taoyuan Formation (1) (

 2) Geographic name Taoyuan was Romanized as Toen by the Japanese (LSI) Makiyama T, 1934, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tyureki Sheet Taoyuan County, Taiwan Province For diamictite composed of gravels, brown sands with interbeds of sandstone and shale Pleistocene Homonymous with Taoyuan Formation (1). Taoyuan Formation (2) (

) Northeastern Jiangxi Geology Team, 1977, Geological Information of Northeastern Jiangxi, (1) Taoyuan in northeastern Jiangxi Province Sinian Synonymous with Shangshu Formation. Taoyuan Formation (3) (

 ) Hsieh C Y, 1938, Brief Report of National Geological Survey Taoyuan in Dongchuan County, Yunnan Province For yellowish brown slate with interbeds of green quartzose sandstone and thin-bedded lenticular sandstone, with purplish red sandstone intercalated shale in the top, and with black mudstone or slate in the bottom Presinian Homonymous with Taoyuan Formation (1). Taoyuan Slate (

) Chen Jinbiao, Zhang Huimin, Zhu Shixing, Zhao Zhen, Wang Zhengang, 1980, Research on Sinian Suberathem of Jixian, Tianjin, in North China Institute of Geology ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 56-114 Taoyuan, north of Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For a component subformation of the Chingeryu Formation Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Taoyuan Formation (1). Taoyuan Subformation (

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Taoyuankou Formation () Taoyuankou Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Taoyuangou (Taoyuankou) in Liaoning Province For coal-bearing strata, with Taoyuankou Sandstone in it Homonym: Taoyuankou Sandstone. Taoyuankou Sandstone () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Taoyuangou (Taoyuankou) in Liaoning Province For a sandstone subdivision within the Taoyuankou Formation Homonymous with Taoyuankou Formation. Taozhang Member () Wu Tieshan, 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Taozhang close to Dongyetou, Xiyang County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a member within the upper part of the local Tahungyu Formation, for grayish white flint-bearing siliceous dolomite with interbeds of purplish red, grayish purple shale Mesoproterozoic. Taoziba Formation (

)

Yang Xianhe, 1976, Newsletter of Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Southwest China, (8) Taoziba in Ebian County, Sichuan Province A component formation

of Ebian Group, for slate and andesitic volcanic rocks, with interbeds of rhythmic beds composed of dolomite, volcanic lava, and clastic rocks Mesoproterozoic. Taozichong Member ( ) Taozichong Formation Wang Yangeng, Yin Gongzheng, 1984, Boundaries between Upper Precambrian, Sinian and Cambrian, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House Taozichong, 10 km north of Qingzhen County, Guizhou Province Dealing with a member within the upper part of local Tongying Formation, for light gray thin- to medium thick-bedded silicalite and siliceous phosphorite Sinian. Taozikeng Formation (  ) Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Longyan Sheet Taozikeng in Longyan City, Fujian Province For grayish white, yellowish white quartzose conglomerate, quartzose rudite with interbeds of phyllitic siltstone, grayish purple, purplish red siltstone with interbeds of rudite Late Devonian. Taozishu Formation (1) (  1) Taozishu Coal Series Hsieh C Y, 1942, Temporary Report of Department of Mineral Resouces Survey and Exploration of Southwest China, (1) Taozishu in Weining County, Guizhou Province For black shale and brown shale, with interbeds of coal seams Mid-Late Triassic Homonym: Taozishu Formation (2). Taozishu Formation (2) (  2) Xiong Jiayong, Liu Shirong, 1983, Triassic Classification and Correlation of Choushui, Southern Yunnan, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet

1090

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Plateau, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Taozishu in Yunxian Township, Simao County, Yunnan Province Dealing with the sum of the clastic rocks within the upper part of local Weiyuanjiang Formation and the clastic rocks within the lower part of local Taipinch’ang Formation, for gray, grayish green sandstone, with interbeds of silty mudstone, marls and fine-grained sandstone Late Triassic Homonymous with Taozishu Formation (1). Tapei Group (!) Tapei Group, Tapeishan Complex Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., xv+527 Dabieshan (Tapeishan) between Hubei Province and Anhui Province For metamorphic complex Presinian.

Tapeishan Formation (%) Tapeishan Series Kao C S, 1947, Rept. Geol. Surv. Min. Resour. Fuchian, (10): 3 Dabeishan (Tapeishan), 16 km north of Changding County, Fujian Province Early Paleozoic.

Tapeissu Shale (%) Tapeissu Beds Yang Jie, 1957, Geological Review, 17(2): 163 Dabeisi (Tapeissu) in West Hills of Beijing Municipality For shale Late Permian.

Tapienya Formation () Tapienya Series Chao C H, Ho S H, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (8) Dabianya (Tapienya), west of Goujiaping, 12 km northwest of Huaiyuan Town, Chongqing County, Sichuan Province For black shale and limestone Late Car-

boniferous. Taping Formation ( ) Taping Series, Taiping Series Gregory J W et al., 1925, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, ser. B, vol. 213, 220 Daping (Taping) in Tengchong County, Yunnan Province For gneiss Presinian.

Tapingtzu Formation () Tapingtzu Limestone Ting V K, 1947, Report of Geological Survey (1914– 1930), National Geological Survey Dapingzi (Tapingtzu), south of Weining County, Guizhou Province Limestone Permian.

Tapo Formation ($) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Zhiyuan ed.), 1996,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 193. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by No.5 Element of Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Tapo in Baxin Township, Wenshan County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of limestone and dolomite CarboniferousPermian.

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Tapu Dolomite ( ) Chang W Y, Wu L P, 1941, in Stratigraphical Tables of Kwangsi, Proceedings of Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, (1) Dapu (Tapu, today Liucheng county), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dolomite Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Tapu Formation. Tapu Formation () Ichikawa Y, 1930, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Taoyuan Sheet Tapu village in Taipei County, Taiwan Province Consist of light-coloured, medium- to coarse-grained fossiliferous sandstone Miocene Homonym: Tapu

Dolomite. Tapu Formation () Tapu Shale Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Dapu (Tapu) in Tianshifu, Benxi County, Liaoning Province For shale Late Triassic- Early

Jurassic. Tapu Limestone () Ozaki K, 1931, On the geologic age of the limestone constituting the lower part

of the Upper Paleozoic coal-bearing series in South Manchuria, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 38(449): 51-86 Tapu close to Tianshifu, Benxi County, Liaoning Province Limestone Mid Ordovician. Taqlaq Group () Taqlaq Series Huang T K, Young C C, Chang Y C, Chow T C, Bien M N, Weng W P, 1947, Report on geological investigation of some oil-field in Sinkiang, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (21): 77 Taqlaq, 70 km northeast of Wensu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red sandstone, shale with interbeds of thin-bedded gypsum Early Cretaceous. Tarim Nor Formation ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 21, chart 5 Tarim Nor in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of limestone and iron-bearing sandstone Early Cretaceous. Taroko Formation (*#) Makiyama T, 1936, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Taiko Sheet Taroko River in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Consists of fine-grained hard sandstone, dark grayish brittle shales and alternation of these rocks Miocene. Tashan Formation () Tashan Beds T’an H C, 1922, The Coal Field of Tzu-chuan & Po-shan, Shantung, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4) Dashan (Tashan) in Zibo County, Shandong Province Jurassic or Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tashan Formation () Wang Yichang, Liu Xuegui, Hu Furen, 1966, Acta Geologica Sinica, 46(2): 163172 Tashan in Anhui Province Early Triassic Homonym: Tashan Group.

Tashan Group () Compiling Group for Hunan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Central-South China: Hunan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tashan, northeast of Xintian County, Hunan Province For gray, grayish black quartzose sandstone and carbonaceous porphyry Cambrian Homonymous with Tashan Formation. Tashengssu Formation () Liao Shifan, 1951, Proceedings of Geology of Central-South China, (3): 78 Dashengsi (Tashengssu) in Xiangtan County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of grayish yellow massive sandstone and sandy shale Jurassic.

Tashidian Formation ($ ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by Xinjiang Institute of Geology Tashidian close to Bositeng lake, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and coal seams Mid Jurassic. Tashihchiao Formation () Tashihchiao Series, geographic name Tashihchiao was Romanized as Taisekkyo by the Japanese (LSI) Saito R, 1938, Bull. Geol. Inst. Manch., (93) Dashiqiao (Tashihchiao) close to the Town of Yingkou County, Liaoning Province For crystalline limestone and dolomite, with interbeds of slate and phyllite Proterozoic.

Tashihling Formation () Tashihling Limestone Tien C C, 1938, Geological Review, 3(4): 388. First appeared in a manuscript by Yoh S S Dashiling (Tashihling) in Qujiang County, Guangdong Province For black limestone Late Devonian.

Tashihmen Quartzite () Zhang Erdao, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(2): 198. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhang Bosheng Dashimen (Tashihmen) in Gongxian County, Henan Province Fro quartzite Neoproterozoic.

Tashiliqkol Formation ( ) Tashiliqkol Series Norin E, 1946, The Sino-Swedish Expedition Publication 29, III, Geology, (7): 1-214, Stockholm Tashilike lake (Tashiliqkol), 30 km west of Huo’erpa lake, Tibet Autonomous Region Permian.

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Tashuichiao Formation (() Chao C H, Ho S, 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (8): 139 Tashuiqiao

(Tashuichiao), west of the boundary between Guanxian County and Dayi County, Sichuan Province Cretaceous. Tatai Formation () Hsu R L, Chiang J, 1932, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.IV, pt. 1, 39 The camp of Datai (Tatai), close to Fuyun County, Guangdong Province Dealing with purplish red or yellowish brown ferruginous sandstone, ferruginous conglomerate and parti-coloured mudstone Pleistocene.

Tatang Formation () Tatang Group Ting V K, 1931, On the stratigraphy of the Fengninian System, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 10(1): 31-48 Datang (Tatang, today Xiguan Town), Pingtang County, Guizhou Province Included Chiussu Sandstone (lower) and Shangssu Limestone (upper) Early Carboniferous.

Tatiehkuan Formation (5 ) Tatiehkuan Series Ting V K, 1947, Report of Geological Survey, National Geological Survey, 661 Datieguan (Tatiehkuan) between Huangping County, Yuqing County and Weng’an County, Guizhou Province Sinian.

Tatientze Group (&) Tatientze Volcanics Sakaguchi S, 1943, Bull. Geol. Soc. Japan, 50(595): 103-111 Dadianzi (Tatientze) in Tieling, Liaoning Province For volcanic rocks Late Jurassic.

Tatouhe Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 122. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Liang Qingchu Tatouhe in Mixian County, Heilongjiang Province For yellowish brown, grayish green siltstone, silty slate, sandstone and conglomerate Early Permian. Ta tsau Formation () Ta tsau Schichten Richthofen F von, 1882, China, bd.II Dacao (Ta tsau) in West Hills, Beijing Municipality For coal measures Jurassic.

Tatung Conglomerate () Tatung Schichten Loczy L Von, 1893, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Reise des Grafen Bela Szecheny in Ostasien 1877–1880, vol.1 Datong (Tatung), southwest of Tongguanshan City, Anhui Province For conglomerate Tertiary.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tatung Formation () Tatung Coal Formation Chang H C, 1936, Geological Review, 1(2): 107-120 Datong (Tatung) City, Shanxi Province Dealing with a series of light yellow sandstone, siltstone, grayish green sandy mudstone, with interbeds of coal seams and fresh water limestone Mid Jurassic Homonym: Tatung Volcanics. Tatung Volcanics () Yin T H, 1937, Geological Review, 2(4): 321-337 Datong (Tatung) City, Shanxi Province For volcanic rocks Pleistocene Homonymous with Tatung Forma-

tion. Tatungkou Formation () Yuan P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, pl.1 Dadonggou (Tatungkou) in Fuyuan, west of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone and sandstone Early Carboniferous.

Tatungshan Formation (6) Ichikawa Y, 1930, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Taiheku Sheet Tatungshan in Taipei County, Taiwan Province Oligocene.

Tawan Formation () Zhang Wentang, Li Jijin, Qian Yiyuan, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Chuzhen, Zhang Shouxin, 1957, Chinese Science Bulletin, (5) Dawan (Tawan) village, 16 km northwest of the Town of Yichang County, Hubei Province For knotty limestone with interbeds of shales Mid Ordovician. Tawangba Gravel Beds () Liao Shifan, 1951, Bull. Geol. Central-South China, (3): 78 Dawangba (Tawangba) in Xiangtan County, Hunan Province For gravel beds Pleistocene. Tawenkou Formation () Sun Y C,1935, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser. B, (7), fasc. 2 Dawenkou (Tawenkou) in Shandong Province For edgewise conglomerate limestone Late Cambrian. Tawo Formation ( ) Chang L H, 1955, Quarterly Journal of the Bank of Taiwan, 7(2) Tawo in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For siltstone Miocene. Tawushih Formation () Tawushih Limestone Hsieh C Y et al., 1928, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (1): 1 Dawushi (Tawushih) close to Chini, Huaxian County, Guangdong Province For dark gray massive argillaceous limestone with interbeds of thin-bedded calcareous shale Early Carboniferous Synonym: Hsiaowushih Limestone (Chen Guoda, 1949, a slip of the pen); Tawu Limestone (Dawu Limestone) (Gao Zhenjia, 2000, misunderstood)

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Taxidaban Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Gao Zhisheng Taxidaban in Altun District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Matebulake Formation, Simierbulake Formation, Zhuo’abulake Formation, Muzisayi Formation and Jinyanshan Formation (1) Mesoproterozoic. Taxigang Formation ( ) Liu Tungsheng, Cui Zhijiu, 1982, Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology of Xixiabangma Mt. Area, Report of Science Expedition of Xixiabangma Mt., Beijing: Science Press Taxigang village in Poqu valley, southeast of Xixiabangma Mt., Tibet Autonomous Region For sands and gravels Pleistocene.

Taxihe Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Taxihe in Manasi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A component formation within the middle part of the Changhe Group, for grayish green mudstone, sandy mudstone with interbeds of sandstone, marls and thin-bedded shell limestone Miocene. Ta-Yang Formation () Ta-Yang Limestone Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol. I, pt.1, chapter VI, 131-134 Dayang (Ta-Yang)village, west of Tangxian County, Hebei Province Limestone Presinian Sun Ronggui misunderstood the Ta-Yang For-

mation as the Taying Limestone (1984, Historical Materials of Geological Sciences, Beijing: Peking University Press, 184), Synonym: Taying Limestone. Tayaokou Formation () Ueda F, Sasakura M, et al., 1937, Geol. Geogr. West Manch., Institute of Geology, South Manchuria Railway Co., 28-29 Dayaogou (Tayaokou) in Nanbiao, Jingzhou City, Liaoning Province Composed of yellowish gray argillaceous limestone, dark gray limestone, dolomitic limestone and myrmekitic limestone Ordovi-

cian. Tayeh Formation () Tayeh Limestone Hsieh C Y, 1924, Stratigraphy of Southern Hupei, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(2): 91-98 Daye (Tayeh) City, Hubei Province For gray thinbedded limestone Early Triassic Synonym: Chinglung Formation.

Taying Limestone () See Ta-Yang Formation.

1096

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tayingpan Formation () Tayingpan Purple Shale Juan V C, 1942, Geology of Paikuowan Coal Field, Huili, Sikiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (35) Dayingpan (Tayingpan) in Baiguowan, Huili County, Sichuan Province For purple shale Cambrian.

Tayu Formation () Tayu Series Hou Defeng, 1953, Acta Geologica Sinica, 33(1): 31 Dayu, east of Benxi County, Liaoning Province Composed of lateritic red sandstone with interbeds of sandy shale, with purplish red conglomerate in the base Cretaceous.

Tayuan Formation () Li Ruishan et al., 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tayuan Sheet Tayuan in Tahe County, Heilongjiang Province For parti-coloured

sandy conglomerate, gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone, metamorphic finegrained sandstone and slate Late Carboniferous. Tayuehshan Formation ( ) Tayuehshan Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of

Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 218, chart 47. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by Cao Guoquan & Wang Shui Dayueshan (Tayuehshan) in Qian County, Hebei Province For trachyte, andesite and tuffite Cretaceous. Tayuehshan Sandstone ( ) Tayuehshan Grit, i.e. Wulaofeng Grit.

Tayukou Sandstone () Yu C C, Shu W P, 1929, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (8): 42 Dayukou (Tayukou) between Nanzhang, Yicheng and Jingmen three counties, Hubei Province Composed of gray thin-bedded sandstone and graywacke, with interbeds of yellow or purple shale and sandy shale Sinian.

Tayuling Formation () Chen C H, 1979, Mem. Geol. Soc. China, (3): 219-236 Tayuling in Taiwan Province Eocene(?).

Tazang Formation () Tazang Group Gu Xueda, Huang Shengbi, 1987, Triassic Conodont Biostratigraphy of Western Sichuan and Eastern Tibet, Proceedings of the Meeting of 1:200 000 Scale Geological Survey, Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Tazang Township in Nanping County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a set of volcanic rocks and carbonate rocks, and migmatite composed of mud and gravel within Minjiang-Heye fault belt and adjacent area Mid-Late Triassic Homonymous with Heihe Formation, Boyuhe Formation, Longkang Formation.

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Taziliang Formation () Taziliang Beds Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 154. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Zhang Yunsheng et al. Taziliang in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For purple, purplish red shale with interbeds of yellow and gray thick-bedded sandstone Mid Jurassic.

Tegeinaiqikedaban Formation ( " ) Zhen Baosheng, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tayuan Sheet Tegeinaiqikedaban in Yinjisha County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For black, grayish black muddy siltstone, calcareous fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of black biolimestone and greenish gray conglomerate Late

Carboniferous. Tekesi Group ( ) Tan Hongbing et al., 1977, A brief introduction to the Sinian of Zhaosu-Tekesi Basin, Xinjiang Geology, vol. 1 Tekesi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For siltstone, phyllite, quartzose sandstone, quartzite, limestone and marble, locally composed of Toudaoqiao Formation and Machanggou Formation Mesoproterozoic. Tela Formation ( ) Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Research on the Regional

Geology of Yangcuoyong district, Southern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tela in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Triassic Tela Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Tengchanwo Formation (+ ) T’an H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press & the atlas already issued containing 36 geological Sheet & 5 sheets of geological sections), Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (15) Dengzhanwo (Tengchanwo) in Dongshan, Erdaoqiao, 6 km north of Kangding County, Sichuan Province Limestone Carboniferous(?)-Permian. Tengfung Complex (

) Ma Xingyuan, 1957, Acta Geologica Sinica, 37(1): 13 Dengfeng (Tengfung) County, Henan Province For sericite-schist with interbeds of quartzite and gneiss Archean. Tengkou Formation () Tengkou Series Teilhard de Chardin P, Licent E, 1924, On the Geology of the Northern, Western and Southern Borders of the Ordos, China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(1): 37-44 Dengkou (Tengkou) in Zhuozishan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Limestone Mid Ordovician.

1098

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tengtien Formation (7 ) Tengtien Coal Series Liu H S, 1940, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (5): 66 Tengtian (Tengtien) Town, south of Yongfeng County, Jiangxi Province For coal-bearing strata Early Carboniferous. Tengtsaokou Formation (+ ) Ma Xingyuan, Wang Jiayin, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 14 Dengcaogou (Tengtsaokou) in Xiahuayuan, Xuanhua City, Hebei Province For green shale with interbeds of green sandstone Jurassic. Tengyen Shale (7) Tengya Shale (Mu Znzhi, 1949, Geological Review, 14(1/3): 16) Lee Y Y, 1933, Contrib. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol., (3): 27 Tengyan (Tengyen) under the Yangfujian, southwest of Ruichang County, Jiangxi Province For shales Silurian Synonym: Tengya Shale. Tengyueh Volcanics (

)

Brown J Coggin, 1913, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, 13(3): 188-199. First appeared in a 1876 manuscript by Andersson J G Tengyue (Tengyueh) in Tengchong County, Yunnan Province For volcanic rocks Tertiary(?)

Tereeken Formation ( +) Norin E, 1937, The Sino-Swedish Expedition, III, Geology, (1) Teruiaiken (Tereeken) in Weili County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For quartzite with interbeds of slate, gravel-bearing mudstone, slate with interbeds of limestone Sinian. Tesibahan Formation ( ) Zhao Mingyu et al., 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fuyun Sheet Tesibahan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Permian. Tewu Formation ( ) Yang Zengrong, 1985, Silurian of Southern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology

of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 35-49 Tewu in Tibet Autonomous Region Silurian.

Tianba Formation (1) (  1) Tianba Coal Series Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1942 manuscript by Guan Shichong Tianba in Qijiang County, Sichuan Province For coal series Jurassic Homonym: Tianba Formation (2), (3). Tianba Formation (2) (  2) Zhu Zhaoling, Ge Meiyu, et al., 1977, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ed., Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, (5): 1-64 Tianba in Sichuan Province Early Silurian Homonymous with Tianba Formation (1).

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Tianba Formation (3) (  3) Yao Zude, Ni Bingfang, 1990, Regional Geology of China, (2): 166-172. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Feng Benzhi Tianba in Sichuan Province Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Tianba Formation (1). Tianba Group ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet Tianba in Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the sum of Ridang Formation and Zhela Formation Early-Mid Juras-

sic. Tianban Group ( ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hukou Sheet Tianban close to Xujiawu, Boyang County, Jiangxi Province For purplish red conglomerate, rudite, sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of grayish white, grayish black mudstone and gypsum Early Cretaceous.

Tianbao Formation () Wu Yi et al., 1987, Devonian Lithofacies Paleogeography and Mineral Resources of Guangxi, Nanning: Guangxi People’s Publishing House Tianbao in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Early Devonian.

Tianbao Formation () Tong Yongfu, 1985, A outline on the Quaternary deposits of Fujian Province, Quaternaria Sinica, 6(1): 99-106 Tianbao in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province For brownish yellow, brownish red muddy boulder Pleistocene. Tianbaoshan Formation () Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tianbaoshan Town in Yanji City, Jilin Province For rhythmic beds composed of gray, black slate and grayish white limestone Late Carboniferous. Tianchi Diamictite () Tianchi Moraine Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory Text for 1:1 500 000 Scale of Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 21 Tianchi in Tianshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene. Tianchihe Formation () Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tianchihe river in Ningwu County, Shanxi Province For purplish red sandstone with interbeds of mudstone, and with volcanics and carbonate rocks Mid Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tiandong Formation ( ) Han Zhongren et al., 1998, Regional Geology of China, (2) Tiandong in Tantou Township, Yongfeng County, Jiangxi Province For blastotuffite, tuffaceous phyllite, with interbeds of acidic lava Neoproterozoic. Tiandushan Formation () Yan Zhiqiang, 1994, Journal of Stratigraphy, 18(1): 30-38 Tiandushan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Mesoproterozoic.

Tian’ebaodan Beds (&,) Tian’ebaodan Gravel Clay Beds Hsiung Y H, 1951, Geological Review, 16(3/5): 25 Tian’ebaodan, south of Egongyan, north of Jiulongpo, Chongqing Municipality For gravel and clay Quaternary.

Tian’eping Formation () Tan Zhengxiu, Tang Xiaoshan, 1987, Early Carboniferous Strata and Brachiopod Assemblage of Central Hunan, Proceedings of Professional Papers of National Conference of Carboniferous, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 150-178 Tian’eping in Guiyang County, Hunan Province For shales, silt sty shale, marls, siltstone, with interbeds of muddy limestone and quartzose sandstone Early Carboniferous. Tiangang Formation ( ) Tiangang Alluvial Formation Pei Taichang, 1989, Regional Geology of Guangdong, (1) Tiangang in Jinzhuang Town, Fengkai County, Guangdong Province For dark gray mud-bearing rudite Pleistocene. Tianheban Formation ( ) Zhang Wentang, Li Jijin, Qian Yiyuan, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Chuzhen, Zhang Shouxin, 1957, Cambrian and Ordovician strata of eastern gorges, Hubei, Chinese Science Bulletin, (5): 145-146 Tianheban close to Shipai valley, Yichang City, Hubei Province For limestone Early Cambrian. Tianhu Group ( ) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 19 Tianhu in Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gneiss, schist and migmatite Meso-Neoproterozoic. Tianhua Group ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing:

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Geological Publishing House, 9. First appeared in a manuscript of classified material by No.5 Hubei Geology Team Tianhua in Shennongjia, Hubei Province For the original Shennongjia Group Proterozoic Synonymous with Shennonhjia Group. Tianjiaba Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Qi Hua et al. Tianjiaba in Kang County, Gansu Province For brownish red, red thick-bedded conglomerate with interbeds of siltstone bands Early Cretaceous. Tianjiagou Formation ( ) Tianjiagou Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku Imp. Univ., (13): 1-84 Tianjiagou in Liaoning Province For coal-bearing series Homonym: Tianjiagou Sandstone (1), (2). Tianjiagou Sandstone (1) (  1) Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku Imp. Univ., (13): 1-84 Tianjiagou in Liaoning Province For a bed of sandstone within the Tianjiagou Formation Homonymous with Tianjiagou Formation; Homonym: Tianjiagou Sandstone (2). Tianjiagou Sandstone (2) (  2) Chang Jianglin, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou, 1992, Late Paleozoic Sedimentary En-

vironments and Coal Accumulation in Shanxi, China, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 13 Tianjiagou in Yuxian County, Henan Province For sandstone Early Permian. Tianjialou Formation ( ) Li Qingping, Zhao Fengjiang, 1992, Geology of Shandong, 8(2) Tianjialou close to Dasheng Town, Anqiu City, Shandong Province For parti-coloured fine-

grained sandstone and siltstone, with interbeds of andesite, marls and dolomite Early Cretaceous.

Tianjiaping Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tianjiaping in Lingyuan County, Hunan Province For dark gray marls and dolomitic marls Late Cambrian Tianjiaping Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Tianjin Formation ( ) Tianjin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1992, Regional Geology of Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.29], Beijing:

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geological Publishing House, 138 Tianjin Municipality Holocene Tianjin Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Tianjingping Formation () Fu Shuchao et al., 1991, Geology of Fujian, 10(2): 103-113. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team Tianjingping village in Yijia Township, Jianning County, Fujian Province For leptynite, schist with interbeds of amphibolites Archean. Tianjingshan Formation () Tianjingshan Limestone Pien C H, 1954, Geological Knowledge, (4) Tianjingshan in Zhongwei County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For dolomitic limestone and dolomite with interbeds of slate Early-Mid Ordovician. Tiankou Formation ( ) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology et al., 1975, Mesozoic Red Beds of Yunnan, Beijing: Science Press Tiankou close to Yangbijiang river, Yangbi County, Yunnan Province For purplish red mudstone, siltstone, with interbeds of marl lenticle Early-Mid Jurassic Synonymous with Yangjiang Formation. Tianlin Group ( ) Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Fujian Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 41 Tianlin, 23 km southeast of Changding County, Fujian Province For fine-grained quartzose sandstone, black phyllitic shale and coal-bearing siliceous shale Early Cambrian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Tianlongsi Member () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 186 Tianlongsi in Western Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi province Dealing with a member within the upper part of the Shihhotse Formation, for yellow mudstone with interbeds of white mudstone Late Permian. Tianmashan Formation () Tianmashan Red Clay and Gravel Beds Zhou Renzhan, Chen Peiyuan, Yang Xiguang, 1950, Report of Geological Survey of Fujian, (13): 33 Tianmashan, 2 km south of Longyan County, Fujian Province For red clay and gravel beds Neogene Homonymous with Tienmashan Formation. Tianmenshan Granite ( ) Huang Yi, Zhu Fuxiang, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 215 Tianmenshan, 15 km southwest of Yangmeisi, Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province For granite.

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Tianpengnao Formation (") North China Institute of Geology, 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, North China Institute of Geology, 138. First appeared in a manuscript by Xu Chaolei Tianpengnao close to Dongye County, Shanxi Province For green slate with interbeds of marble and green conglomerate Proterozoic. Tianqiao Formation () Guizhou Working Team of Stratigraphy and Paleontogy ed., 1978, Atlas of Paleontology of Southwest China, Guizhou Province (I), fig. 7, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tianqiao close to Hanwang, Mianzhu County, Sichuan Province For dolomite Sinian. Tianqiaoling Formation () Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team Tianqiaoling in Wangqing County, Jilin Province For rhyolite with interbeds of tuffite Late Triassic. Tianshiling Member (") Wang Zhaoxin, Liang Chengli, Wang Xizeng, Han Tongxiang, 1966, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(1): 77-89 Tianshiling in Shaodong County, Hunan Province Dealing with the upper member within the local Hsihsia (or Chihsia) Formation, for shale and limestone Early Permian. Tianshuibao Formation (8) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 174. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.146 Gansu Coal Field Geology Team Tianshuibao close to Mafanggou, Gansu Province For conglomerate Late Cretaceous. Tianshuigou Formation (8) Li Peijuan, He Yuanliang, Wu Xiangnong, Mei Shengwu, Li Bingyou, 1988, Early-Middle Jurassic Stratigraphy and Flora of Northeastern Margin of Qaidam Basin, Nanjing: Nanjing University Press Tianshuigou, northeast of Da Qaidam Town, Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For brownish black oil shales with interbeds of sandstone Early Jurassic. Tianshuihai Group (8 ) Li Changhe, Zhang Zhide, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Kanxiwa, Western Kunlum Mt.-Heweitan, Karakunlum Districts Tianshuihai in Hetian County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For metamorphic calcareous sandstone, phyllite, limestone, silicalite and marble, with quartzite in the lower part Mesoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tiantaishan Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 71 Tiantaishan close to Daijiawan, Yingshan County, Hubei Province Dealing with a component formation within the Hong’an Group, for gneiss, leucogranulite, and the Huangmailing Member Mesoproterozoic. Tiantan Formation (0) Compiling Group for Beijing Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1977, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Beijing Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Beijing Hydrological Geology Team Tiantan in Beijing Municipality Dealing with the underground strata, for brownish yellow, grayish white, brownish gray muddy siltstone, silty mudstone, with interbeds of greywacke and rudite Miocene-Pliocene. Tiantangshan Formation ( ) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 46 Tiantangshan in the southern slope of Eastern Qinling Mt., Shaanxi Province For quartzite, quartzose sandstone, phyllite, marls, with interbeds of limestone lenticle Proterozoic Homonymous with Tientangshan Formation. Tianwadong Formation ( ) Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Longyan Sheet Tianwadong close to Taozikeng, Longyan County, Fujian Province For quartz conglomerate, rudite, sandstone and siltstone Late Devonian.

Tianyang Formation ( ) No.1 Guangdong Hydrological GeologyTeam, 1972, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qishuigang, Zhanjian, wushigang, Haikou Sheet. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Jiang Mulin Tianyang village, close to Jietian, Xuwen County, Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong Province For clay with interbeds of diatomite Pleistocene. Tianzhu Formation () Compiling Group for Beijing Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1977, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Beijing Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Beijing Hydrological Geology Team Tianzhu village in Beijing Municipality Dealing with the underground strata, for gray, grayish black, brownish yellow mudstone, siltstone, and conglomerate Pliocene.

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Tianzhu Formation () Mu Enzhi, Zhang Youkui, et al., 1964, Chihkan of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, (1): 1-19 Tianzhu County, Gausu Province For shale with interbeds of sandstone Mid Ordovician. Tianzhuangtai Formation ( ) Liaoning Hydrological Geology Team, 1978, Quaternary of Liaoning, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tianzhuangtai close to Zhengjiadian village, Panshan County, Liaoning Province For green rudite with gravel-bearing medium to coarse-grained sands, gravel-bearing clay and sand and gravel, with interbeds of siderite and carbide wood Pleistocene. Tianzhuping Member () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 135 Tianzhuping in Shennongjia, Hubei Province A component member of Yulongting Formation, for dolomitic slate Proterozoic. Tianzhushan Member () Tianzhushan Formation Study Group of Stratigraphy of Yangtze Gorges Area, Hubei Bureau of Geology, 1987, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area, SinianPermian Period, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tianzhushan close to Liantuo, Yichang County, Hubei Province For a component member belongs to Cambrian within the top of the Tongying Formation Early Cambrian Tianzhushan Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Tianzidi Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 38. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Tianzidi close to Sizhoushan, Qiaoshi Township, Guiyang County, Hunan Province For gray, dark gray calcareous and muddy sandstone, with interbeds of grayish green and yellowish green muddy slate Sinian. Tiaochishan Formation () Yih L F, 1923, Geology of His-shan or Western Hills of Peking, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (1) Tiaojishan (Tiaochishan) in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality For volcanic breccia Late Jurassic. Tiaomachien Formation (9) Tiaomachien Series, geographic name Tiaomachien was Romanized as Chaomachien by the French (LSI) Tien C C, 1928, Report of Geological Survey of Hunan, (2), Geology, pt.1, 1-14 Tiaomajian (Tiaomachien), 35 km south of Changsha City, Hunan Province For grayish white, grayish yellow, purplish red quartzose

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

sandstone, sandy shale, silty mudstone, with interbeds of lenticular hematite beds Early-Mid Devonian. Tiaoyutai Quartzite (-) Geographic name Tiaoyutai was Romanized as Chaoyutai or Chogyo Dai by the Japanese (LSI) Aoji O, 1928, Imp. Acad., 44(10) Diaoyutai (Tiaoyutai) in Benxi County, Liaoning Province For white thick-bedded massive fine-grained quartzite with interbeds of green thin-bedded sandy shale Proterozoic.

Tibetan Group ( ) Tibetan Series Diener C, 1903, Paleont. Indica, ser.15, vol.1, pt.5 Tibet Autonomous Region, China For limestone Permian. Tiebanhe Beds (5 ) Wang Wenxian, 1986, A study on the development history of the Quaternary Deposits of the Lop-nur Lake and its adjacent area, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 75-86 Tiebanhe river, close to Luobu lake, Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a beds within the Xiyu Formation, for alternating beds of yellow, brownish gray, yellow brown mudstone, and gypsum beds, with sandy mudstone, siltstone and gravel beds Pleistocene. Tiechanghe Formation (5) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Tiechanghe in Shennongjia, Hubei Province For a component formation of Wuziping Group Proterozoic. Tiechangpu Formation (5) Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Tiechangpu, 15 km southeast of Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province For clastic rocks, clay stone and carbonate rocks Early Carboniferous-Early Permian. Tiefoshan Formation (5) Yang Fengqing, Yin Hongfu, Subdivision and Correlation of the Changxindian, in Yang Zunyi et al., 1987, Permian-Triassic Boundary Stratigraphy and Fauna of South China [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (2) Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.6], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 86 Tiefoshan in Shangsi Township, Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For dark gray, grayish black thin-bedded siliceous limestone with interbeds of calcareous and carbonaceous shales Late Permian New name for Changjianggou Formation (2).

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Tieganlike Formation (5) Wang Wenxian, 1986, A study on the development history of the Quaternary De-

posits of the Lop-nur Lake and its adjacent area, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 75-86 Tieganlike close to Luobu lake, Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For clay Holocene.

Tieguling Group (5) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Tieguling close to Shishan, Taihe County, Jiangxi Province For purplish brown siltstone, sandstone and mudstone Early Cretaceous. Tiehchang Formation (5) Tiehchang Series, geographic name Tiehchang was Romanized as Tessyo by the Japanese (LSI) Noda M, 1941, Circular Geol. Soc. Manchuria, (2) Tiechang (Tiehchang) Coal Field, Jilin Province For brownish red coarse-grained sandstone and shale, with hematite sandstone or gravel sandstone Late Permian.

Tiehchi Gravel (.) Chang Longqing, 1938, Geological Review, 3(3): 256. First appeared in a manuscript by T’an H C & Lee C Y The tableland of Diexi (Tiehchi), 60 km north of Maoxian County, Sichuan Province For massive thick-bedded gravel beds Pleistocene(?).

Tiehling Formation (5) Tiehling Limestone Kao C S, Hsiung Y H, Kao P, 1934, Preliminary Notes on Sinian Stratigraphy of North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(2): 248 Tieling (Tiehling) in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality For limestone Presinian.

Tiehshan Formation (5) Tiehshan Limestone Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & Southern Kansu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (19): 1-72 Tieshan (Tiehshan), 15 km southeast of Huixian County, Gansu Province For limestone with interbeds of carbonaceous limestone, shale and sandstone Late Devonian Homonym: Tieshan

Diamictite. Tiehshihkou Formation (5) Tieh-shih-kou Series Hsu K C, Ting I, 1943, Geology and Tungsten deposits of southern Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (17) Tieshikou (Tiehshihkou), 30 km south of Xinfeng County, Jiangxi Province For siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, mudstone and limestone Early Triassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tiehshihshan Limestone (5) Tieh-shih-shan Limestone Chang W Y (ed. & transl.), 1952, The Geology of

China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co., 113. First appeared in a manuscript by Northwest Institute of Geological Survey Tieshishan (Tiehshihshan) in southern Gansu Province For limestone Late Devonian. Tiejianggou Sandstone (5) Chang Jianglin, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou, 1992, Late Paleozoic Sedimentary En-

vironments and Coal Accumulation in Shanxi, China, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 19 Tiejianggou in Datong City, Shanxi Province For sandstone Early Permian. Tiekefeike Formation (5!) Mu Enzhi, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Junyuan, Rong Jiayu, 1979, in Nanjing Institute

of Geology and Palaeontology ed., 1979, Biostratigraphy in Carbonate Rocks of Southwest China, Beijing: Science Press Tiekefeike in Butuo County, Sichuan Province For black dolomitic limestone with interbeds of siltstone Early Ordovician Tiekefeike Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with nonlithostratigraphic meaning. Tiekou Formation (5) No.1 Shandong Geology Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet Tiekou in Shandong Province Early Cretaceous.

Tiekuangliang Formation (5 ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Tiekuangliang close to Huoyanxi, Xinglongchang, Zhenba County, Shaanxi Province Composed mainly of quartzose sandstone with interbeds of shales or clastic rocks Late Devonian.

Tiekuangshan Formation (5 ) Zhou Xiyun, 1983, Preliminary Study of Devonian Tabular of Guizhou, Contribu-

tion to Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Guizhou, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House Tiekuangshan in Hezhang County, Guizhou Province For iron beds, dolomite and sandy mudstone Mid Devonian. Tielishagan Diamictite (5 ) Tielishagan Moraine Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory Text for 1:1 500 000 Scale of Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 71, 72, table 2. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Xiang Tianfu et al. Tielishagan in Altay Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For red muddy gravel Pleistocene Synonymous with Chaganguole Diamictite.

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Tielongpu Formation (5) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 24 Tielongpu in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province Early Cambrian. Tielongtan Group (5 ) Tielongtan Group No.2 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Quangshuigou-Tielongtan Area, Western Kunlun Mountain. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by Li Shuangxi et al. Tielongtan close to Akesayi lake, Hetian County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, lateritic red, pink, yellow, white limestone with interbeds of sandstone, siltstone, marls and mudstone Cretaceous. Tieluba Formation (5%) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Tieluba in Shaanxi Province For the thin-bedded limestone within the middle part of local Donghe Group Cambrian Synonymous with Jianzhuba Formation. Tielugou Formation (5%) Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 25. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Western Qinling Team Tielugou in Kangxian County, Gansu Province For a component formation of local Pikou Group Mesoproterozoic. Tieluoshan Formation (5#) Ma Changxin, Liu Ronggui, Lu Guide, et al., 1992, Presinian Geology of Northeastern Jiangxi, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tieluoshan in Jiangxi Province Mesoproterozoic.

Tieluzhuang Formation (5%) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 28, chart 61 Tieluzhuang in Henan Province For red sandstone, red and gray banded limestone Early Cambrian. Tiemaoshan Formation (5) Sui Liancheng, Wang Xingyuan, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bailazi Sheet Tiemaoshan in Beijiang Township, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For marble, leptynite, schist, amphibolite and gneiss Neoproterozoic.

1110

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tiemogou Limestone (5) Li Runlan, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou, 1992, Late Paleozoic Sedimentary Envi-

ronments and Coal Accumulation in Shanxi, China, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 19 Tiemogou in Western Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For limestone Early Permian Homonymous with Tiemogou Sandstone. Tiemogou Sandstone (5) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18] Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Xi’an Coal Exploration Team Tiemogou in Western Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For a bed of sandstone within the local Shansi Formation Early Permian Homonym: Tiemogou Limestone. Tiemulike Formation (5) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinyuan Sheet Tiemulike river in Xinyuan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purple, grayish purple conglomerate and sandstone Late Permian.

Tienchi Formation ( ) Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34; 1927, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol.38, 363 Tianji (Tienchi) in Yanchi County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For anhydrite and limestone Tertiary.

Tienchiao Formation ( ) Tienchiao Series Ting T H, Hsiung B H, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1/2): 95104 Tianjiao (Tienchiao), west of Laojinshan, Mengzi County, Yunnan Province For conglomerate, sandstone and shales Pre-Carboniferous or Carboniferous.

Tienchingshan Formation () Tienchingshan Limestone Chu S, Yeh L C, 1942, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (4): 18, 20 Tianjingshan (Tienchingshan), 65 km north of Zitong County, Sichuan Province For limestone Late Triassic.

Tienho Formation () Tienho Series Wang C C, 1920, On the Geology & Coal Resources of the Dis-

trict of Chi-an, An-fu and Yung Hsin in Kiangsi Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (2) Tianhe (Tienho), 60 km west of Ji’an County, Jiangxi Province For shale and quartzite with interbeds of two coal seams Jurassic Homonym: Tienho Limestone Homonym: Tienho Limestone.

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Tienho Limestone () Lee J S, Chao K K, Chang W Y, 1941, Stratigraphical Tables of Kwangsi, Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica Tianhe (Tienho) County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Late Devonian Homonymous with Tienho Formation. Tienhsin Formation ( ) Tienhsin Limestone Tan H C, 1943, Geological Review, 8(1/6): 5 Tianxin (Tienhsin) in Yimen County, Yunnan Province For dark limestone Sinian. Tienlingkou Formation ( ) Tienlingkou Shale was Romanized as Succession de Tianlinkoou by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 475, chart 98. First appeared in a manuscript by Chao K K & Chang W Y Tianlingkou (Tienlingkou, today Tianlinkou) village, close to Shengping, Xing’an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the sum of grayish green shale, sandstone and Tianlinkou Formation Late Ordovician. Tienmashan Formation () Tienmashan Series Tien C C, Wang H T, Hsu Y T, 1933, Bull. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (15): 10 Tianmashan (Tienmashan), 55 km southwest of Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province For light metamorphic quartzose sandstone, siltstone and slate Ordovician-Silurian Homonym: Tianmashan Formation Tienmongshan Rhyolite (&) Tienmong Rhyolite (Lee J S, 1939) Shu W P, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (10) Tianmushan (Tienmongshan) in northwestern Zhejiang Province For rhyolite Cretaceous It is not necessary to simplify the Tienmongshan Rhyolite as Tienmong Rhyolite. Tiensenkouang Shale (

)

Cakschisten de Tien-sen-kouang Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1, pt.1, 98 Tianshengguan (Tiensenkouang) in eastern Yunnan Province For shales Early Carboniferous.

Tienshifu Formation ( 2#) Tienshifu Series Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Tianshifu (Tienshifu), 22 km east of Xiaoshi Town, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For particoloured shale and alternating beds of shale and limestone Late Carboniferous Homonym: Tiensufu Formation. Tienshuiching Formation () Tienshuiching Red Beds Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & Southern Kansu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (19) Tianshuijing (Tienshuiching) in Tianshui County, Gansu Province For red beds Pliocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tiensufu Formation ( 2$) Tiensufu Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 408 Tianshifu (Tiensufu), 22 km east of Xiaoshi Town, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For conglomerate with interbeds of quartzose sandstone and coal seams Jurassic Homonymous with Tienshifu Formation.

Tientang Formation ( ) Hsieh C Y, Wang C, 1938, Geological Review, 3(1) Tiantangshan, 2 km south of Xiwan, Hexian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For shale, siliceous

breccia, with interbeds of thin-bedded ferruginous sandstone and lenticular limestone Triassic-Jurassic. Tientangshan Formation ( ) Tientangshan Metamorphic Series Yoh S S, Yao W K, 1933, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.IV, pt.2, 5 Tiantangshan (Tientangshan), south

of Lingshan Township, Rongxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gneiss Presinian Homonym: Tiantangshan Formation.

Tientingshan Conglomerate () Tientingshan Conglomerate Beds Sugai K, 1942, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 49(585): 228-230 Tiandingshan (Tientingshan) close to Saima, Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province For conglomerate Mid Jurassic.

Tientou Formation ( ) Tientou Phase Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34 Diantou (Tientou), northwest of Huangling County, Shaanxi Province For the upper part of the Shaanxi Group Jurassic.

Tientzehu Formation (  ) Geographic name Tientzehu was Romanized as Tensiko by the Japanese (LSI) Makiyama T, 1934, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Chungli Sheet The tableland of Tientzehu in Taoyuan County, Taiwan Province For red clay in the upper part and conglomerate in the lower part Pleistocene.

Tientzuling Formation () Tientzuling Limestone Hsu J L, 1837, Geological Review, 2(4): 366 Tianziling (Tientzuling), west of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of grayish black thin-bedded limestone and thick-bedded limestone, with shale in the lower part Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous.

Tientzushan Sandstone () Huang T K, Hsu K C, 1937, Mesozoic orogenic movements in Pinghsiang Coalfield, Kiangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.16, 177-184 Tianzishan (Tientzushan) in Pingxiang County, Jiangxi Province For sandstone Jurassic.

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Tieqing Member (5) Li Shuxun, Ji Shukai, Tian Yongqing, 1986, Geology of Metamorphic Sedimentary Iron Deposits, Changchun: Jilin Science and Technology Press Tieqing in Shanxi Province Archean.

Tieshajie Formation (5 ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangrao Sheet Tieshajie close to Xuguang Township, Geyang County, Jiangxi Province For grayish yellow, bluish gray phyllite with interbeds of metamorphic siltstone and greywacke, with marble occasionally Mesoproterozoic. Tieshan Diamictite (5) Tieshan Till Cao Zhaoyuan, Yu Qinghe, 1982, Classification of Quaternary Ice

Age of Western Hunan and Eastern Guizhou, Bulletin of Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2): 25-37 Tieshan in Qianyang County, Hunan Province For brownish yellow muddy grave and rudite beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Tiehshan Formation. Tieshanguan Group (5> ) Pan Jiang, Wang Shitao, et al., 1978, Continental Devonian of South China, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 258 Tieshanguan in Jiangxi Province For the sum of Doushui Formation (lower) and Luoduan Formation (upper) Mid Devonian. Tieshanhe Formation (5) Tieshanhe Group Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linru Sheet Tieshanhe in Wangwu Township, Jiyuan County, Henan Province For the sum of Beiyashan Formation and Shuangfang Formation Palaeoproterozoic.

Tieshanling Formation (5) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 22. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Tieshanling in Lushan County, Henan Province For a component formation within the Taihua Group Archean. Tieshanmiao Formation (5) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 20. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by No.6

1114

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Henan Geology Team Tieshanmiao in Wuyang County, Henan Province For a component formation of the Taihua Group Archean. Tieshidasi Formation (5) Tieshidasi Limestone Group, Tieshidasi Group Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Qaidam Petroleum Geological Survey Team Tieshidasi close to Lalingzaohuo, Golmud City, southern margin of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For light metamorphic sandy and muddy rocks, volcanic rocks and carbonate rocks Late Ordovician. Tiesi’ao Formation (5%) Ma Guogan, Wang Yangeng, 1983, Bulletin of Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (2) Tiesi’ao close to Datangpo, Songtao County, Guizhou Province For light gray, gray, dark gray gravel-bearing greywacke, sandstone, mudstone and silty clay Sinian.

Tietonggou Formation (5:) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Weinan Sheet. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team Tietonggou close to Bayuan, 36 km east of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province Dealing with a formation within the upper part of the Qiucha Group, for quartzite, schist, with interbeds of marble lenticle occasionally Palaeoproterozoic. Tiexiangou Formation (5) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang District Tiexiangou in Xichuan County, Henan Province For dolomite and limestone Late Cambrian. Tieye Formation (5) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 73 Tieye in Huanggang County, Hubei Province Archean. Tieyegou Formation (5) Tieyegou Red Sandstone Series Wang Yuelun, Li Qixian, Liu Zhuang, Zhang Guozheng, Zhang Jincai, Hu Min, Qiao Zuoshi, Zhang Erdao, 1948, Nat. Geol. Surv. China, (37): 8 Tieyegou in Aganzhen, close to Lanzhou City, Gansu Province For grayish green, purplish red clayey shale with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Mid Jurassic-Cretaceous. Tieyingzi Formation (5) No.2 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Keshiketeng Banner Sheet, Wufendi Sheet

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Tieyingzi in Keshiketeng Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Permian.

Tiger Sandstone () Tiger Sandstein Richthofen F von, 1912, China, bd.III, Berlin Tiger Island in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For sandstone Tertiary Synonymous with Canton Formation. Tikmakdawan Beds (5) Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 59 Tikmakdawan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Jurassic.

Tingchiashan Formation () Sheng H F, 1948, Construction, 1(1): 27. First appeared in a 1947 manuscript by Zhu T H, Sheng H F & He L H Dingjiashan (Tingchiashan), 1.5 km southwest of Gushan, West Lake, Hangxian County, Zhejiang Province For grayish black siltstone, siliceous shale with interbeds of siliceous beds and bone coal Early Permian. Tinghushan Group (/ ) Tinghushan Series Jiang J, Hsu J L, 1932, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.IV, pt.1, 35 Dinghushan (Tinghushan) in Gaoyao County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of purplish gray or purplish red thin-bedded muddy sandstone and purplish red shale Devonian.

Tingmen Formation (;) Northeastern Jiangxi Geology Team, 1977, Geological Information of Northeastern Jiangxi, (1) Tingmen in Xiaxi Township, Guangfeng County, Jiangxi Province For purplish red conglomerate, rudite, gravel-bearing sandstone, greywacke, and siltstone with interbeds of yellowish white shales, sandy mudstone Sinian.

Tingtzuhsia Formation () Tingtzuhsia Sandstone and Shale Yang Zhenhan, 1950, Bull. Geol. CentralSouth, (2): 58 Tingzixia (Tingtzuhsia), 30 km west of Shangrao County, Jiangxi Province For sandstone and shale Cretaceous. Tishuipu Formation () Tishuipu Series Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Suev. China, ser.A, (9) Dishuipu (Tishuipu), north of Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province Cambrian-Ordovician. Tisnab Formation () Terra H de, 1932, Wiss. Ergebnisse d. Dr. Trinklerschen-Expedition, bd.II, X+196, Berlin Tisnab Range, 100 km southwest of Yawashi, Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red arkose, conglomerate with interbeds of mudstone, shale and volcanic rocks Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous.

1116

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Titzuling Limestone (") Chang P C, Liu N L, 1943, Chihkan Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (1) Tiziling (Titzuling) close to Luoyuandong, 12 km northwest of Qujiang County, Guangdong Province For limestone Early Carboniferous. Tizikou Formation (") Feng Shaonan, Xu Shouyong, Lin Jiaxing, et al., 1984, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (3), Late Paleozoic, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tizikou in Gorges Area, Hubei Province Late Devonian Tizikou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

Tolatagh Formation (<) Tolatagh Series Norin E, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol. 17, 185-196 Tolatagh in Kuruktag, Eastern Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the conglomerate within the lower part of Chirrgosstau Group Devonian-Early Carboniferous.

Tolo Channel Formation (# ) Uglow W L, 1926, Geology and Mineral Resources of the Colony of Hong Kong, (7) Tolo Channel in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For black mas-

sive shale, banded flinted volcanic ash, felsites, mudstone, sandy shale and sandstone Early Jurassic. Tolo Crest Formation (#) Heim A, 1928-1929, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, 2(1), pt.1, 6-7 Tolo Crest in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region For quartz conglomerate Jurassic. Tolo Harbour Formation (#) Ruxton B P, 1960, The Geology of Hongkong, Jour. Geol. Soc. London, (115): 223-260 Tolo Harbour in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Early Permian. Tongan Formation () Tong Yongfu, 1985, An outline of the Quaternary deposits of Fujian Province, 6(1): 99-105 Tongan County, north of Xiamen City, Fujian Province For brownish yellow, yellow muddy sand and gravel beds, and peat coarse-grained sands and gravel beds Pleistocene. Tongao Formation (:) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 74. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by No.412 Shanxi Geology Team Tongao, north of Henglingguan village, Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province Dealing with

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the component formation within the upper part of Henglingguan Group, for schist and leptynite with interbeds of quartzite and amphibolite Archean. Tongbaishan Group () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongbai Sheet Tongbai County, Henan Province For a set of local migmatitic metamorphic strata Archean.

Tongbomiao Formation (: ) Compiling Group for Petroleum Geology of Daqing Oil Field, 1993, Geology of Petroleum of China, pt.2, (1), Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press Tongbomiao close to Chuogang Town, Hulun Buir Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Dealing with underground strata of 2 601-2 936 m, for rudite with interbeds of sandy mudstone Early Cretaceous. Tongchang Formation (1) (: 1) No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1975, Features of bedded ultra basic rocks in Fanjingshan Region of Guizhou Province and a preliminary discussion of their origin, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1975(4): 343-351 Tongchang close to Heiwanhe, Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province For dark gray phyllite, slate and blastosandstone with interbeds of tuffite Palaeoproterozoic Homonym: Tongchang Formation (2), (3). Tongchang Formation (2) (: 2) Yi Yongen, 1982, in Lai Caigen et al., 1982, Stratigraphy of China (5), Ordovi-

cian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 80-88. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Hu Rongmin Tongchang in Jinping County, Yunnan Province For calcareous siltstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle, and with marls locally Late Ordovician Homonymous with Tongchang Formation (1). Tongchang Formation (3) (: 3) Ma Changxin, Liu Ronggui, Lu Guide, et al., 1992, Presinian Geology of Northeastern Jiangxi, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tongchang in Jiangxi Province Proterozoic Homonymous with Tongchang Formation (1).

Tongchangjie Group (:) Yunnan Bureau of Geological Exploration, 1998, 1:500 000 Scale Digital Geological Map of Yunnan Province Tongchangjie in Yunxian County, Yunnan Province For phyllite and schist Palaeo-Mesoproterozoic. Tongchangkou Group () Yu Yisheng, Tang Guangzhong, Zhao Wenjie, 1984, Gansu Geology, (2) Tongchangkou, west of Dahuoluoshan, Subei County, Gansu Province For gray siliceous dolomite and grayish yellow siliceous banded limestone Mesoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification.

1118

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tong Chong Formation () Li Zuoming, 1997, Guangdong Geology, 12(2): 14 Tung Chong in Lantau Peak, Lantau Island, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region The strata in a hole under the bottom of the sea, for gray fusulinid limestone Early Permian. Tongchuan Formation (1) (: 1) Tongchuan Series Hao Shisheng, 1958, Acta Geologica Sinica, 38(2): 250-260 Tongchuan County, Shaanxi Province For aluminous shale Late Carboniferous Homonym: Tongchuan Formation (2). Tongchuan Formation (2) (: 2) Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, 1980, Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Basin (part I), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tongchuan County, Shaanxi Province. Mid Triassic Homonymous with Tongchuan Formation (1); Synonymous with Yenchang Formation. Tonggao Formation () Tonggao Shale Li Jijin, Chen Xu, 1962, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 10(1). First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Yang Jingzhi & Qian Yiyuan Tonggao (misunderstanding of Gaotong), north of Sandu County, Guizhou Province For gray, grayish green, yellowish green shale Early-Mid Ordovician. Tonggeng Formation (%) Tonggeng Member Bai S L, Jin S Y, Ning Z S, 1982, The Devonian Biostratigraphy of Guangxi and adjacent area, Beijing: Peking University Press Tonggeng village, close to Dale Township, Xiangzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dealing with the grayish green medium-thick-bedded fine-grained sandstone and siltstone above the local Dayaoshan Group Early Devonian Synonymous with Hsiaoshan Sandstone. Tongguling Formation (:$) Command of Geological Exploration of Maoming Petroleum Co., 1974, Tertiary

Stratigraphy of Maoming Basin, Guangdong, Atlas of Oil Exploration of Maoming Basin of Guangdong Tongguling in Maoming City, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of lateritic red, purplish red, dark red, brownish red greywacke, rudite and sandy clay Paleocene. Tonggutan Formation (:$) Lin Huanling, Wan Jungeng, 1966, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(1): 4-23 Tonggutan in Tongren County, Guizhou Province For siliceous mudstone and marls Mid Cambrian. Tonghai Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Min-

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eral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 262 Tonghai County, Yunnan Province Holocene. Tonghua Formation ( ) Wu Ren, 1992, Journal of Stratigraphy, 16(1) Tonghua City, Jilin Province Carboniferous Homonymous with Tonghua Group.

Tonghua Group ( ) Jilin Institute of Geology, 1991, Jilin Geology, (4) Tonghua City, Jilin Province Palaeoproterozoic Homonym: Tonghua Formation. Tonghuashan Formation (: ) Wu Wenkui, Jiang Changyi, Yang Fu, 1992, Evolution of Crust and Minerogenesis Pattern of Paleozoic in Kumishen Area, Xi’an: Shaanxi Science and Technology Press Tonghuashan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Devonian. Tongjiajie Formation () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by No.9 Liaoning Geology Team Tongjiajie in Mazhou Township, Fushun City, Liaoning Province For quartzose sandstone, dolomite with interbeds of slate Mesoproterozoic. Tongjiazhuang Formation () Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology

of Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 28. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Shandong Integrated Geology Study Team Tongjiazhuang in Sishilipu, Yishui County, Shandong Province Dealing with a component formation within Tumen Group, for quartzose sandstone, limestone, grayish green shale with interbeds of marls Sinian. Tongjiuzangbu Formation () Zheng Jinping, Xiang Jun, et al., 1989, Salt Lake of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Science and Technology Press Tongjiuzangbu, south of Bange Lake, Tibet Autonomous Region For yellow, brownish yellow clay and gravel beds, with carbonate clay in the upper part Pleistocene. Tongkai Member () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245. First appeared in a

1120

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

1960 manuscript by Chen Gang Tongkai in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a component member within the upper of Nadang Formation Late Jurassic. Tongkow Shale () Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 440 Dengkou (Tongkow) in Alxa Area, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For fine, black shale of massive appearance, containing graptolites fossils Mid Or-

dovician. Tonglinggou Formation (:) Li Zongfan, 1994, The establishment of the Early Permian Tonglinggou Forma-

tion in the vicinity of Jintang, Dangdian, Sichuan, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 370-373 Tonglinggou in Tongling Township, Kangding County, Sichuan Province For carbonate rock with interbeds of mudstone, sandy rock, siliceous bands and nodule Early Permian. Tonglingzhu Formation (:) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ningbo Sheet Tonglingzhu in Haining County, Zhejiang Province For bluish gray mudstone, purplish red basalt and green sandstone Miocene.

Tonglou Formation () Tianjin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1992, Regional Geology of

Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.29], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 138 Tonglou in Tianjin Municipality Pleistocene Tonglou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Tongmu Diamictite () Tongmu Till Cao Zhaoyuan, Yu Qinghe, 1982, Classification of Quaternary Ice

Age of Western Hunan and Eastern Guizhou, Bulletin of Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2): 25-37 Tongmu close to Shibing, Guizhou Province For light red, reddish brown gravel beds Pleistocene. Tongmuding Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology

of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 22. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.620 Sichuan Geology Team Tongmuding close to Daoqiao, Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province For a component formation composed of the medium basic volcanic rocks within the lower part of Tongmuliang Group Mesoproterozoic.

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Tongmuliang Group () Tongmuliang Formation No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingwu Sheet Tongmuliang in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province For the sum of Tongmuding Formation and Taiyangping Formation Mesoproterozoic.

Tongqigou Formation (;) Northeast Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1975, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Northeast China, (4) Tongqigou in Dasuihe Township, Yongji County, Jilin Province For yellowish green sandstone Early Carboniferous. Tongshan Beds () Zone de Tongshan Mathieu F F, 1923, Publ. de L’Assoc. Ingen. i’Ecole. des Mines de Mons, fasc.3, 283-529 Tangshan (Tongshan) City, Hebei Province For

the strata between the weathering surface of Machiakou Limestone and the base of the Tangshan Limestone Late Carboniferous Homonym: Tongshan Formation, Tangshan Limestone. Tongshan Formation () Assise de Tongshan Mathieu F F, (1926) 1927, Bull. Soc. Belge, de Geol., de Paleont. et d’hadrol., Bruxelles, 155-172 Tangshan City, Hebei Province For the sum of Tangshan Limestone and the Tongshan Beds Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Tangshan Limestone. Tongshan Formation () Liu Yongyao, Sun Zhenhua, Yang Shaoming, 1984, Transitional types of the Cambrian and Ordovician systems in southern Hubei, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(2): 94-106 Tongshan County, Hubei Province For limestone Mid Cambrian Tongshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Tongshan Formation (:) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.2 Element of No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Tongshan, west of Luohe river, Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish green, dark gray, grayish yellow tuffaceous sandstone, slate, with interbeds of arkose and rudite Mid Ordovician Synonymous with Halahalahe Formation; Homonymous with Tungshan Formation. Tongshan Group () Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhuji Sheet Tongshan in Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province

1122

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

For parti-coloured clastic rocks Mid Jurassic Synonymous with Yushanjian

Formation. Tongshanzhen Formation (:) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of

Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 198. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Tongshan Town in Guichi County, Anhui Province For grayish yellow, yellowish brown sandy clay with interbeds of gravels Pleistocene. Tongshicun Formation () No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yingpan Sheet Tongshicun Township, close to Bapanlu, Fushun County, Liaoning Province For a component formation within the Anshan Group Archean.

Tongtiangou Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Panshi Sheet Tongtiangou in Jilin Province Late Jurassic.

Tongtianhe Complex () Tongtianhe Ophiolitic Melange Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tongtianhe in Qinghai Province Foe melange Carboniferous-Triassic.

Tongtianqiao Formation () Chen Tingen, 2000, in Integrated Expedition of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000, Geology Evolution of the Karakoram-Kunlun Mountains, Beijing: Science Press, 21 Tongtianqiao, 40 km west of Tianshuihai, Tibet Autonomous Region For siliceous banded limestone, marble and overlaying clastic rocks and limestone, within the local original Tianshuihai Group Ordovician.

Tongwei Formation () Wang Dexu, 1986, Gansu Geology, (6) Tongwei in Qinan County, Gansu Province For sandstone, shale, with interbeds of marls or carbonaceous shales and coal seams Early Permian.

Tongxiang Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yu Guohua ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (33), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Zhejiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press,

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168. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Zhejiang Department of Oil Exploration Tongxian County, Zhejiang Province For pink sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of thin mudstone, with conglomerate in the bottom Late Cretaceous. Tongxin Formation () Gao Jianguo, 1987, Early Silurian Tetracoralla Fauna and Silurian Stratigraphy of

Zhongning Area, Tongxian, Ningxia, in Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Tectonic Evolution of the Margin of Alxa block, Wuhan: Wuhan College of Geology Press, 122143 Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Dealing with the lower part of the local Hanxia Group, for purplish red calcareous and muddy quartzose sandstone, with rudite and coarse-grained sandstone Early-Mid Silurian. Tongyicun Formation () No.1 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shanhaiguan Sheet Tongyicun in Hebei Province For the part of Mid Ordovician within the local Machiakou Limestone Mid Ordovician Tongyicun Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronos-

tratigraphic meaning. Tongying Formation (+) Tongying Limestone Lee J S, with assistance of Chao Y T, 1924, Geology of the

Gorges Area of the Yangtze from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(3/4): 350, 363, 364 Dengying (Tongying) Gorge in Changjiang, Yichang County, Hubei Province Dealing with white, grayish white massive bluff forming limestone, dolomite with interbeds of thin-bedded hard flint layers and flint nodule which stands out in relief on the weathered surface. Small amount of black and white flints here and there being irregular in shape and arrangement Sinian-Cambrian. Tongyusi Formation () Du Dinghan, Zhou Zhijun, Wang Wuyuan, 1986, in Du Dinghan et al., 1986, Research of the Devonian System of Qin-Ba Region within the Territory of Shaanxi, Xi’an: Xi’an Traffic University Press, 68. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Tongyusi close to Tongyuhe river, Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province For a set of clastic rocks, for clay stone or a few carbonate rocks Late Devonian.

Tongzhuyuan Formation () Chen Gongxin, 1975, Geological Science and Technology of Central-South China,

(3). First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Tongzhuyuan in Dangyang County, Hubei Province For yellow, yellowish green, grayish yellow sandy shale, siltstone, and quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of carbonaceous shale and thin coal seams Early Jurassic.

1124

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tongzilin Formation () Chen Fubin, Zhao Yongtao, 1988, Neotectonics of Panxi Area, Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press Tongzilin close to Yalongjian, 32 km northeast of Panzhihua, Dukou City, Sichuan Province For sands, gravel and yellow clay Pleistocene-Holocene.

Tongziping Formation () Tongziping Beds Li C H, 1937, Bull. Inst. Geol. West China Academia Sinica, (3) Tongziping in Qijiang County, Sichuan Province Jurassic.

Tongziya Member (=) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 129 Tongziya in Fanshi County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component member within the local Kaoyuchuang Formation, for pink dolomite and black shale Mesoproterozoic. Torsuqtagh Formation (>) Torsuqtagh Series Norin E, 1937, The Sino-Swedish Expedition, III, Geology, (1) Tuersuketage (Torsuqtagh) hills in southern Mochaikutuke Basin, eastern end of Kalatekenwula, Kuruktagh, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For calcareous sandy mudstone and limestone Late Cambrian.

Tossun Nor Formation ( .) Tossun Nor Series Young C C, Bien M N, 1936–1937, Cenozoic Geology of the Kaolan-Yungteng Area of Central Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.16, 221260 Tusunnuoer (Tossun Nor) in Gansu Province For alternating beds of particoloured sandstone, conglomerate and clay beds Pliocene.

Toubei Formation () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guangchang Sheet Toubei Town in Guangchang County, Jiangxi Province For clastic sedimentary rocks with diatomite Neogene.

Toudaobaiyang Formation ( ) Zhao Mingyu, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Balikun Sheet Toudaobaiyang in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early-Mid

Devonian. Toudaogou Formation () Liu Guinian, An Junyi, 1991, Coal Technology of Northeast China, (10) Toudaogou in Jilin Province Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Toudaogou Lime-

stone.

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Toudaogou Limestone () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Toudaogou, south of Xiaoshi Town, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Homonym: Toudaogou Formation. Toudaohe Formation () Northwest University Scientific Research Team on Rich Iron Ore of Henan, 1979, in Department of Geology, Northwest University, 1979, Proceedings of the Precambrian Geology and Scientific Research on Rich Iron Ore of Southern North China (1976-1979) Toudaohe in Dengfeng County, Henan Province For a component formation within the Tengfung Complex Archean. Toudaoqiao Formation () Xing Yusheng et al., 1989, Stratigraphy of China (3), Upper Precambrian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Gao Zhenjia Toudaoqiao close to Kekesu River, southeast of Tekesi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For schist, phyllite and crystalline limestone Mesoproterozoic. Toufang(gou) Formation [0 () ] Toufang Series, Toufanggou Limestone, geographic name Toufang was Romanized as Tofang by the Japanese (LSI) Kobayashi T, 1930, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 37(436): 1-23 Doufanggou (Toufanggou), 5 km south of Huolianzhai station, Benxi County, Liaoning Province For limestone Mid Ordovician. Toufosi Formation () Zhang, Zonghu, Zhang Zhiyi, Wang Yunsheng,1987, Acta Geologica Sinica, 61(4): 362-374 Tufosi (Toufosi), north of Laoshan, Shaanxi Province For clay with interbeds of paleosol and sands Pleistocene. Toukoshan Conglomerate () Toukoshan Group, Toukoshan Series, geographic name Toukoshan was Romanized as Tokazan or Toksan by the Japanese (LSI) Rin T, 1933, On the mode of occurrence of the mammalian fossils from Taiwan, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 4(5-6) Toukoshan in Taichung County, Taiwan Province Representing a rock sequence composed of a 500 m thick conglomerate in the upper part and a 550 m thick sandclay formation in the lower part Pliocene- Pleistocene. Touling Formation () Touling Coal Series Tien C C, 1929, Contr. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (7) Douling (Touling) in Changning County, Hunan Province For coal-bearing strata Late Permian. Touling Group (1) Touling Volcanics Hou T F, Wang Y L, Chang C C, 1935, Geological Reconnaissance between Sungyen & Amoy, Fukian, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (25): 4

1126

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Douling (Touling), 35 km southeast of Longyan County, Fujian Province For volcanic rocks Late Cretaceous.

Toumounyi Limestone (?<) Calcaire de Tou-mou-nyi Deprat J, 1912, M´em. Serv. G´eol. L’Indochine, vol.1, fasc.1 Tuomuni( Toumounyi), 11 km south of Jitou, 20 km southwest of Luoxue, Qiaojia County, Yunnan Province For limestone Early Carboniferous.

Toumuchong Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geol-

ogy of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Guangdong Corporation of Coal Field Exploration Toumuchong valley, close to Luojiadu, Lechang County, Guangdong Province Dealing with the component formation within the upper part of local Kenkou Group, for grayish white quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of siltstone, silty mudstone, carbonaceous mudstone and coal seams Late Triassic. Toupi Group () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 308. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Toupi in Guangchang County, Jiangxi Province Neogene. Toupossu Formation (2) Hsieh C Y, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1): 3. First appeared in a manuscript by Lu Yanhao & Wang H C Douposi (Toupossu) in Malong County, Yunnan Province Mid Cambrian(?).

Touquan Formation () Wang Yuelun, 1960, Geological Review, 20(5): 191-197 Touquan in Hualu County, Hebei Province For siliceous limestone Neoproterozoic.

Toushantou Formation (2) Toushantou Series Lee J S, with assistance of Chao Y T, 1924, Geology of the

Gorges Area of the Yangtze from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc., China, 3(3/4): 350-392 Doushantuo, west of Liantuo Town, Yichang City, Hubei Province Composed essentially of shale and thin-bedded limestone, and the shales predominate in the lowest part, when tracing upward in the sequence, the shales become more and more calcareous Early Sinian.

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Toutsuipo Limestone (2) Huang Y S, 1940, Geology of the iron ore deposits of Imen, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Douzuipo (Toutsuipo), 8 km east of Yimen County, Yunnan Province For limestone Sinian.

Toutsun Formation () Kuo W K, 1941, Ordovician Stratigraphy of Erhtsun, Kunming, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 21(2/4): 261 Toucun (Toutsun), 18 km northwest of Kunming City, Yunnan Province For gray thin-bedded muddy limestone with interbeds of red shale Early Cambrian.

Toutsun Group () Toutsun Slate Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.1, pt.1, 99152 Doucun (Toutsun) village, northeast of the Town of Wutai County, Shanxi Province For a series of gray to purple slate, with interbeds of argillaceous limestone, thin-bedded quartzite and conglomerate Presinian.

Toutunhe Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Fan Chenglong Toutunhe in Manasi Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For yellowish green, grayish green, parti-coloured mudstone, sandy mudstone and grayish green sandstone, with interbeds of tuffite Mid Jurassic. Touwu Formation () Touwu Sandstone and Shale Rin T, 1951, Formosan Mining Industry, 3(3/4) Touwu village in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For sandstone and shale Pliocene.

Touyenshan Limestone (2) Huang Y S, 1940, Geology of the iron ore deposits of Imen, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Douyanshan (Touyenshan) in Yimen County, Yunnan Province For limestone Late Sinian.

Tsaeryen Sandstone (' ) Lee Y Y, 1940, Geological Review, 5(6): 495 Ca’eryan (Tsaeryen) in Jianwei County, Sichuan Province For sandstone Jurassic.

Tsagan Nor Formation (.) Tsagan Nor Series Berkey C P, Granger W, 1923, Amer. Mus. Novit., (77): 14 Tsagan Nor in Abag Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For volcanic clastics, sandstone, conglomerate with interbeds of andesite Late Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tsagan Nuru Formation (8) Berkey C P, Granger W, Morris F K, 1928, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 39(k): 214 Tsagan Nuru in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For sand and fine-grained conglomerate Pleistocene.

Tsaichia Formation (() Tsaichia Series, geographic name Tsaichia was Romanized as Saika by the Japanese (LSI) Noda M, 1937, Ann. Rept. Jap. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 13(3) Caijia (Tsaichia) village in Benxi City, Liaoning Province Upper part: alternating beds of yellow-

ish red sandstone and shales; lower part: greenish gray coarse-grained quartzose sandstone and gravel-bearing sandstone Late Permian. Tsaichiachung Formation ()) Tsai Chia Chung Beds Yang C C, 1932, On some fossil mammal from Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 11 (4): 383-384 Caijiachong (Tsaichiachung) village, 23 km southeast of Qujing County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of green, gray, yellowish red and parti-coloured mudstone, marls, muddy sandstone and siltstone Pliocene.

Tsaichiatun Sandstone ()) Inai Y, 1934, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku Imp. Univ., (13) Caijiatun (Tsaichiatun) in Benxi County, Liaoning Province Sandstone Late Permian.

Tsaiko Formation (!) Tsaiko Limestone Pien C S, 1940, Geology of Siyangtang Coal Field, Sungmin & Iliang, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Da Zaige (Tsaiko), close to Wanshoushan, 16 km northwest of Yiliang County, Yunnan Province For gray,

purplish red, pink and white limestone with interbeds of shale, mudstone and limestone Late Devonian. Tsaishih Formation (*) Hsieh C Y, Sun C C, Chen K, Cheng Y C, 1935, Geology of the Iron Deposits

of the Lower Yangtze Geological Memoirs of Geological Survey of China, (13): 8 Caishiji (a rock projecting over the water), 12 km north of Dangtu County, Anhui Province Purple shale, sandy shale and sandstone with interbeds of coal seams Jurassic.

Tsanglangpu Formation (+) Ting V K, Wang Y L (regulated by Yin T H), 1936–1937, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.16 (in commemoration of Dr. Ting V K), 1-28 Canglangpu (Tsanglangpu), 5 km southwest of Longma County, Yunnan Province Yellow, yellowish green

shale and yellow quartzite, with interbeds of purplish red sandstone, shales or marls Early Cambrian.

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Tsang Shan Group (,) Tsang Shan Complex Brown J C, 1916, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol.47, pt.4, 216-218 Diancangshan in Tali County, Yunnan Province Biotite gneiss and hornblende gneiss Proterozoic.

Tsangyen Quartzite (,) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 431 Cangyanshan (Tsangyenshan) located at the middle of Taihangshan Mountain, Shanxi Province Fine-grained quartzite, often false-bedded, mostly white in the

upper part, containing reddish brown sandy shales and slates with beds of poor hematite in the middle part, and pinkish quartzite in the lower part. Ripple-marks and sun-cracks are frequently met toward the base Sinian. Tsaochichen Conglomerate See Tzaochichen Conglomerate. Tsaofukou Limestone ( ) Nouki Y, 1944, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 51(605): 78-79 Caobugou(Tsaofukou) close to Caobuling in Fengshui, Zibo County, Shandong Province Limestone Late Carboniferous Synonym: Caobuling Limestone.

Tsaoliangi Formation ( ) Tsaoliangi Series Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Geological Memoirs of Geological Survey of China, (9): 1-48 Caoliangyi (Tsaoliangi), 20 km north of Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province For a sequence of alternating beds of grayish black shales, gray sandstone, coal seams and conglomerate Late Carboniferous.

Tsaopapai Formation ( 5) Tsaopapai Series Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (Atlas), Geological Memoirs of Geological Survey of China, ser.A, (16) Caobapai (Tsaopapai) in Shimian County, Sichuan province Silurian-Devonian.

Tsaopi Formation ( ) Tsaopi Series Young C C, Pian M N, Mi T H, 1943, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 22(1-2): 27 Caobi (Tsaopi) between the Longxian County, Gansu Province and Qianyang County, Shaanxi Province Pliocene.

Tsaotien Group ( ) Tsaotien Formation, Tsaotien Beds Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, The Continental Stratigraphy of Mesozoic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 59. First appeared in a 1936 manuscript “The Geology of 13 Counties in Western Henan Province” by Yuan Weizhou & Li Yueyan Caodian (Tsaotien) in Nanshao County, Henan Province For sandstone and shale with interbeds of coal seams Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tsaoyuan Limestone (-) Wang Shaowen, 1930, Mining and Metallurgy, 4(1): 53 Caoyuan (Tsaoyuan) village, 10 km northwest of Yongan County, Fujian Province Limestone Early Permian. Tsehchuanshan Formation (.) Tsehchuanshan Series Zhou Shengsheng, Jiang An, 1953, Acta Geologica Sinica, 33(2): 149-172 Cechuanshan (Tsehchuanshan) in Lingxiang Township, southwest of Echeng County, Hubei Province Yellowish brown tuffite and rhyolitic tuff with interbeds of volcanic breccia and gray andesite Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Tsehtipo Formation (/) Tsehtipo Series Yuan P L, 1925, Carboniferous Stratigraphy of Northwest Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(1): 29-38 Cedipo (Tsehtipo) located at the north of Huating County, Gansu Province For a sequence of green and gray sandstone and shale with a large number of plant fossils Permian. Tseliutsing Formation (&) Tseliutsing Series Heim A, 1930, The geological structure of Tseliutsing, Szechuan, the world’s oldest bore field, Spec. Pub. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (6): 5-9 Ziliujing (Tseliutsing) in Zigong City, Sichuan Province Subdivided into three parts: Tseliutsing Limestone (Upper Tseliutsing Series); Tseliutsing Red Beds (Middle Tseliutsing Series); Tungyueh Limestone (Lower Limestone) and Basalt Red Beds, i.e. Lower Tseliutsing Series Jurassic. Tsemenchiao Limestone () Tien C C, 1929, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica, (7): 69-92 Zimenqiao (Tsemenchiao), 5 km southwest of Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province For gray or black limestone with a few flint nodules Early Carboniferous. Tseshui Formation (0) Tseshui Series Tian Qijun, Wang Xiaoqing, Guo Shaoyi, 1929, Report of Geological Survey of Hunan Ceshui (Tseshui) in Zimenqiao coal field, 7.5 km north of Shuangfeng County, Hunan Province Yellowish white sandstone and black shales with interbeds of coal seams Early Carboniferous.

Tsetsewan Formation () Tsetsewan Series Berkey C P, Morris F K, 1924, The Great Bathylith of Mongolia, A. M. N. H. Novitiates, 119 Tsetsewan (Dorbod) Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For limestone Jurassic. Tsetsiao Formation () Yin T H, Chin N, Chen Y J, 1944, Geological Review, 9(3/6): 314, 330 Zicao (Tsetsiao) valley, southeast of Hujiayakou, Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For

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the sum of Yulungshan Limestone and Chiuchitan Formation Early Triassic. Tshiating Group () Tshiating (or Kiating, Chiating) Series Heim A, 1930, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (6): 2-3 Jiading (Tshiating, today Leshan County), Sichuan Province For lateritic red sandstone and sandy mudstone Late Cretaceous.

Tshin-ngai Formation ( ) Tshin-ngai Beds Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby

& Co., 489. First appeared in a manuscript by Hsu T Y & Chen K (published in 1943, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 23(3/4) Qingyan (Tshin-ngai) close to Huaxi, 30 km south of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For parti-coloured marls with interbeds of limestone Mid Triassic. Tshungking Formation (&) Tshungking Series, also pronounced as Chungching or Chungking Heim A, 1930, Spec. Pub. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (6): 3-5 Chongqing Municipality For a sequence of alternating beds of yellowish brown, purplish red, yellowish green shales and thin-bedded to thick-bedded sandstone Mid-Late Jurassic. Tshungshan Conglomerate () Chungshan Series, Tsungshan Formation Richthofen F von, 1912, China, bd.III Zhongshan (Jinlingshan or Zijinshan), east of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For sandstone and conglomerate Early Jurassic Synonym: Nanking Sandstone. Tsienfuyen Formation () Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (9) Qianfoyan (Tsienfuyen) in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For red clayey shale and sandstone, yellow sandstone and yellowish green shale, with conglomerate in the base Mid Jurassic.

Tsienlikang Sandstone See Chianlikang Sandstone. Tsienshankou Formation () Wang Yu, Lu Yanhao, Yang Jingzhi, Mu Enzhi, Sheng Jinzhang, 1954, Stratigraphy of Taizihe River Valley, Eastern Liaoning (I), Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(1) Jianshangou (Tsienshankou) in Benxi County, Liaoning Province Early Cretaceous. Tsientang Conglomerate () Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 470, table 35 Qiantang (Tsientang) River, Zhejiang Province For coarse-grained conglomerate Tertiary.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tsihlichiang Formation (  ) Tsihlichiang Sandstone Wang H T, Xu Y D, Liu G C, 1938, Mem. Geol. Surv. Hunan, ser.A, (4). First appeared in a 1934 manuscript by Wang Y L & Chang C C Qilijiang (Tsihlichiang) in Xinhua County, Hunan Province For quartzose sandstone Late Devonian. Tsihsingyen Limestone ( ) Chang H C, 1928-1929, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.III, pt.2, 112-113 Qixingyan (Tsihsingyen), 4 km north of Gaoyao County, Guangdong Province For white and gray massive limestone Early Carboniferous.

Tsinan Limestone () Lorenz P T, 1905, Beitrage fur Geologie und Paleontologie von Ost- asien, I Teil, Marburg Jinan (Tsinan) City, Shandong Province For limestone Ordovician. Tsingchi Formation i.e. Chingchi Formation. Tsingchichung Limestone i.e. Chingchichung Limestone. Tsingyuan Formation () Li Xingxue, Yao Zhaoqi, Cai Chongyang, Wu Xiuyuan, 1974, Carboniferous

biostratigraphy of Tsingyuan district, east Kansu, China, Mem. Nanjing Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Academia Sinica, (6): 99-117 Jingyuan (Tsingyuan) County, Gansu Province For the lower part of local Yanghukou Formation Early Carboniferous Tsingyuan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Tsinling Group () Tsinling Schist Willis B, Blackwelder E, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, 299-317 Qinling (Tsinling) Mountain, Shaanxi Province For green chlorite schist with thin-bedded siliceous limestone, quartzite and gneiss Precambrian. Tsintsun Formation () Tsintsun Shale and Sandstone Kao P, 1933, Geology of Yushan & Kuangfung of Eastern Kiangsi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (23) Qincun (Tsintsun) close to Dananqiao, between Guangfeng County and Yushan County, Jiangxi Province For alternating beds of grayish green calcareous shale and brownish yellow fine-grained sandstone Mid Ordovician. Tsiomoshan Formation (") Tsiomoshan Series Hsu J L, 1934, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, 5(1): 69, 132 Zaomushan (Tsiomoshan), west of Heshan, Guangdong Province Triassic-Jurassic.

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Tsiotsishan Formation () Tsiotsishan Series Endo R, Shikama T, 1942, Bull. Cent. Nat. Mus., Manchukuo, (3) Zaocishan (Tsiotsishan) village, southwest of Yixian County, Liaoning Province Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Synonymous with Chinkangshan Formation. Tsiushukou Shale i.e. Chiushukou Shale. Tsoshan Limestone (#) Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.I, Paleozoic and Older, 446,

Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. First appeared in a 1930 manuscript by Wang C C, Wang’s paper was published in 1930 later (Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14)) Zaoshan (Tsoshan) in Susong County, Anhui Province For limestone Early Permian. Tsoshui Formation () Tsoshui Series Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser. A, (9): 128-132 Zuoshui (Tsoshui) County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of dark green slate and quartzite, with green, reddish purple phyllite and white marble Sinian or Cambrian-Ordovician. Tsouho Beds ( ) Geographic name Tsouho was Romanized as Sogo by the Japanese (LSI), Ho C S et al. revised as Tsouho (1956) Ichikawa Y, 1930, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Toen (Taoyuan) Sheet Tsouho village, 6 km south of Sanxia, Taipei County, Taiwan Province Composed of alternating beds of sandstone and shale Miocene. Tsuanchiaputzu Sandstone () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Quanjiapuzi (Tsuanchiaputzu) in Tianshifu coal field, 22 km east of Benxi city, Liaoning Province For sandstone Permian-Triassic. Tsuantou Formation () Chuantou Series, geographic name Tsuantou or Chuantou was Romanized as Sento by the Japanese (LSI) Hada J, 1926, Geological Sheet Map: 1:400 000 Scale Kungchuling Sheet. South Manchuria Railway Co. Quantou (Tsuantou) village in Changtu County, Liaoning Province For red, brown, purple conglomerate, tuffaceous sandstone and shale Cretaceous.

Tsuanwangtou Limestone () Hsieh C Y, 1932, The Chiawang Coal Field of Tungshan District, Kiangsu, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (18): 3 Quanwangtou (Tsuanwangtou), 15 km northwest of Jiawang, Jiangsu Province For limestone Late Carboniferous.

1134

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tsuipingshan Formation ($) Tsuipingshan Shale Hou T F, Wang Y L, Chang C C, 1935, Geological Reconnaissance between Sungyen & Amoy, Fukien, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (25) Cuipingshan (Tsuipingshan), 3 km east of Longyan County, Fujian Province For grayish green, yellowish brown shale and sandstone intercalated with gray, black or purple shale and sandstone Late Permian.

Tsukeng Formation ( ) Ho C S et al., 1956, Geology and coal deposits of the Chichitashan Area, Nantou, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (9) Tsukeng in Nantou County, Taiwan Province Composed of massive dark gray shale in the upper part, purple or light green

tuffaceous sediments in the middle part, and intercalated white sandstone and dark shale in the lower part, abundant of glauconitic layers are found throughout the rocks Miocene. Tsungchangkou Formation () Chu S, Wu C C, Yeh L J, 1942, Proc. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (4): 83-164 Zongchanggou (Tsungchangkou), 7 km southwest of Majiaoba, Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province For gray limestone, muddy limestone, with interbeds of purplish red, yellowish green shale, limestone and fine-grained conglomerate Early Carboniferous. Tsunyi Formation () Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Geosci. Depart. Inst. Liberal Arts, National Chekiang University, (1) Zunyi (Tsunyi) County, Guizhou Province For purplish red muddy shale and sandstone Mid-Late Jurassic.

Tsushan Sandstone () Hsieh C Y, Chang K, 1928, Geology of Tangshan and its vicinity, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 7(2): 157-174 Cishan (Tsushan) close to Tangshan, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Sandstone Jurassic. Tsuyinting Formation ( !) Tsuyinting Series Kao P, Hu K C, (1940) 1943, Geology of West Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (16) Ciyinting (Tsuyingting), north of Fengyangqiao, 15 km northwest of Fenyi County, Jiangxi Province For grayish yellow, yellowish green, light purple and brownish yellow muddy shale, bluish gray and greenish gray calcareous shale, sandy shale and yellowish green, brownish yellow thin-bedded muddy sandstone Triassic. Tuanbugou Formation (@) Zhang Yan, 1961, Proceedings of the Geology of Gansu Bureau of Geology, (8) Tuanbugou, northwest of Wenxian County, Gausu Province For black limestone with interbeds of sandy shale, with purplish red shale in the upper part Mid-Late Devonian.

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Tuanpo Formation (@) Tuanpo Series Yoh S S, Chiang J, 1944, Guide for Geological Travel close to Guiyang, 21st Annual Meeting of Geological Society of China Datuanpo, 12 km northeast of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Ordovician. Tuanpokou Formation (@) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 14 Tuanpokou in Pingshan County, Hebei Province For a component formation within the middle part of local Chenzhuang Group Archean. Tuanshan Formation (1) (@ 1) Qian Yiyuan et al., 1964, Chihkan Nanjing Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Stratigraphy, (1) Tuanshan, south of Xihua village, Qingyang County, Anhui Province For gray limestone Cambrian Homonym: Tuanshan Formation (2).

Tuanshan Formation (2) (@ 2) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Peking University Tuanshan in Suixian County, Hubei Province Dealing with a component formation of the local Yingshan Group, for light metamorphic rocks Proterozoic Homonymous with Tuanshan Formation (1). Tuanshanbao Formation (@) Tuanshanbao Beds Lee C H, 1937, Bull. Inst. Geol. West China Academia Sinica, (3) Tuanshanbao in Qijiang County, Sichuan Province Jurassic. Tuanshanpu Gravel (@) Tuanshanpu Mud Gravel Guizhou Working Team of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 85 Tuanshanpu in Suiyang County, Guizhou Province For yellow, grayish red mud gravel Pleistocene. Tuanshanzi Formation (@) Chen Jinbiao, 1963, Sinian of Hebei, in Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of Geological Society of China, Stratigraphy and Coal Field Geology, Beijing, Geological Society of China, 30-35 Tuanshanzi in Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For limestone Proterozoic. Tuanxi Gravel (@) Guizhou Working Team of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Pub-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

lishing House Tuanxi in Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For grayish red mud gravel, with siliceous and calcareous gravel Pleistocene. Tuba Formation () Tuba Series Xu Jiawei, 1956, Bulletin of Hefei College of Mining Industry, (1) Tuba village in Bagongshan Area, north of Shouxian County, Anhui Province For dolomite Late Cambrian Synonymous with Sanshantzu Dolomite.

Tuchengtzu Formation () Geographic name Tuchengtzu was Romanized as Dozyosi by the Japanese (LSI) Ueda F, Sasakura M, 1937, Geol. Geogr. Southwest Manchuria Tuchengzi (Tuchengtzu), southeast of Keshiketen Banner (original Shanxian County), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For dark gray tuffaceous shale and sandstone Neogene Homonym: Tuchengzi Formation. Tuchengzi Formation () Tucheng Conglomerate Rin T, 1942, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.49 Tuchengzi in Beipiao County, Liaoning Province For conglomerate Mid Jurassic Homonymous with Tuchengtzu Formation. Tudiling Member () Chen Yuanren, 1978, Some Problems on Stratigraphy of Devonian in Longmenshan Area, Sichuan, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 104-122 Tudiling close to Ganxi, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component member within the lower part of Ganxi Formation, for yellowish green shale, muddy siltstone, marls and limestone Early Devonian Tudiling Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Tu’ergendaban Formation ( ) Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuka Sheet Tu’ergendaban in Wulan County, Qinghai Province For phyllite, schist, slate, metamorphic clastic rocks, with interbeds of limestone and dolomite Carboniferous.

Tu’erhonghe Formation ( ) Zhou Shenxi, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinyuan Sheet Tu’erhonghe river in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous. Tugulike Group () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 228 Tugulike in Tianshan-Junggar

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Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Qingshuihe Formation and Lianmuqin Formation Early Cretaceous. Tuhuishan Formation () Tuhuishan Phosphorite Beds Wang Yuelun, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1/2) Tuhuishan close to Guanqing, Songming County, Yunnan Province For phosphorite beds Sinian. Tuhulu Formation () Tuhulu Fossils-bearing Volcanic Clastics Wang C C, Huang T K, 1929, Geology of the Coal Field of Fu-hsin Hsien, Jehol Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (13): 1-12 Tuhulu in Fuxin City, Liaoning Province For volcanic breccia Cretaceous Synonym: Huanghuashan Breccia. Tujingzi Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangjiakou Sheet, Pingxingguan Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Hebei Bureau of Coal Management Tujingzi in Hebei Province Early Cretaceous. Tujinshan Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bengbu Sheet Tujinshan in Jiashan County, Anhui Province For the sum of basalt and the overlaying basalt gravel-bearing sand and gravel Eocene. Tukhum Formation (>) Berkey C P, Morris F K, 1927, Geology of Mongolia Tuhumu (Tukhum), north of Shalamulun, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For green coarse-grained sandstone, red clay with interbeds of sandstone lenticle Eocene.

Tulasu Formation () Wang Jingbin et al., 1985, Tillite Beds in Sinian of Western North-Tianshan Mountain Tulasu in Keguerqin hills, south of Wutai, Jinghe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, black muddy siltstone and muddy rocks Sinian. Tulong Formation ( ) Tulong Group Mu Enzhi et al., 1973, Stratigraphy of Qolmolungma Mt. Area, Tibet, China, Science in China, (1) Tulong village, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For bioclastic rocks, sandy limestone with interbeds of dolomitic and muddy limestone Triassic.

Tulongguoyi Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Li Tiande &

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Li Peiji Tulongguoyi river in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Ordovician. Tulongshan Basalt () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 256 Tulongshan in Huanan County, Heilongjiang Province For basalt Pleistocene. Tuluanshan Formation (0) Tuluanshan Tuffite, geographic name Tuluanshan was Romanized as Toranzan by the Japanese (LSI) Ooe Z, 1939, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tatungshan Sheet Tuluanshan, 15 km north of Taitung County, eastern Taiwan Province To describe the andesitic rocks of the lower part of Miocene Miocene. Tumen Group (,) Geographic name Tumen was Romanized as Toman or Touman by the Japanese (LSI) Ushimaru S, 1933, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Manchuria: Toumanchiang Sheet Tumen River, Jilin Province Composed of conglomerate, sandstone, clay slate hornfels, chlorite schist and lenticular limestone masses, intruded by granite and hornblendes dikes Carboniferous-Permian. Tumen Shale () Wang C C, 1922, Stratigraphy of Pao-the-chou, Northwestern Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 107 Tumen village, 24 km south of Baode County, Shanxi Province For shale with limestone lenticle Late Carboniferous. Tumengela Group () Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Wenquan Sheet Tumengela in Qinghai Province Late Triassic. Tumentzu Formation () Tumentzu Series, geographic name Tumentzu was Romanized as Tomonsi by the Japanese (LSI) Okada S, Nisida S, 1940, Bull. Geol. Inst. Manch., (98) Tumenzi (Tumentzu), 100 km northeast of Hunchuan County, Jilin Province For grayish white tuff, coarse sandy shale, conglomeratic sandstone, with conglomerate in the bottom Miocene. Tumugou Formation (9) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Tumugou in Deda Township, Batang County, Sichuan Province For the strata composed mainly of clastic rocks with volcanic rocks Late Triassic.

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Tumulu Formation () Tumulu Series Sun C C, 1934, Geology of Suiyuan & Southwest Chahar, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (12) Tumulu close to Zhangbei County, Hebei Province Cretaceous.

Tumuxiuke Formation ( ) Tumuxiuke Group Zhao Zhixin, 1987, Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 8(2): 7579 Tumuxiuke in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone Ordov-

ician. Tuna Limestone (A) Hayden H H, 1907, Mem. Geol. Surv. India, vol.36, pt.2, 122-201 Tuna, 180 km southeast of Xigaze, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone Late

Cretaceous. Tung’an Schist () Zhang Yunxiang, 1958, Geological Monthly, (6). First appeared in a manuscript by Tong’an Geology Team Tong’an (Tung’an) close to Limahe, Huili County, Sichuan Province For schist Presinian.

Tungchangho Basalt (:) Ting V K, 1947, Report of Geological Survey, Nanking, National Geological Survey Tongchanghe (Tungchangho) in Weining County, Guizhou Province For basalt Permian.

Tungchechiang Shale ( ) Chang C C, 1941, Geology of the Tin Deposits of Nantanhsien, Kuangsi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (34) Tongchejiang (Tungchechiang), south of Dachang, Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For black shale with interbeds of sandy, carbonaceous shale, with black limestone in the top Late Devonian.

Tungchiehtzu Formation (:) Tungchiehtzu Series, Tungkaitze Series Hsu T Y, 1939, Geological Review, 4(5): 298 Tongjiezi (Tungchiehtzu or Tungkaitze), 25 km south of Leshan County, Sichuan Province For purplish gray, bluish gray or yellow thin-bedded limestone and dolomite with interbeds of grayish green, purplish gray shale Early Triassic.

Tungchuan Formation () Tungchuan Series Meng H M, 1948, Proceedings of Inst. Geol., Academia Sinica, (17) Dongchuan (Tungchuan) County, Yunnan Province For alternating

beds of purplish red sandstone and mudstone, with interbeds of greenish yellow sandy shale, mudstone, argillaceous limestone and conglomerate, occasionally with basalt Early Triassic Synonymous with Tungchuan Quartzite.

1140

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tungchuan Quartzite () Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34; 1927, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol.38, 308 Dongchuan (Tungchuan), east of Lishi County, Shanxi Province For quartzite Cambrian Homonym: Tungchuan Formation. Tunggur Formation () Tung Gur Formation Spock L E, 1929, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 40(1): 182; 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., (394): 4 Tunggur terrace, southwest of Hangaobi, Sonid Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For clay, sandstone and coarse-grained sands Miocene. Tungho Conglomerate () Chao Y T, Huang T K, 1931, Geology of the Tsinlingshan & Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser. A, (9) The old river course of Donghe River in Shuangshipu, Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of grayish, yellow, and light green sandstone, shale and conglomerate, with interbeds of thin-bedded coal seams Cretaceous Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Donghe Group. Tungho Group () Tungho Series Yeh L T, Kwan S C, 1944, Geology of Central & Southern Kansu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, (19): 1-72 The old river course of Donghe River in Shuangshipu, Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province A group rank unit containing the Tungho Conglomerate (lower) and the Jishan Coal Measures (upper) Cretaceous Homonymous with Tungho Conglomerate. Tunghsieh Formation () Geographic name Tunghsieh was Romanized as Tusyo by the Japanese (LSI) Makiyama T, 1935, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Hakusyaton Sheet Tunghsieh in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For alternating beds of sandstone, sandy shale Pliocene-Pleistocene.

Tunghu Group ( ) Tunghu Series Lee J S, with assistance of Chao Y T, 1924, Geology of the Gorges Area of the Yangtze from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.3, 381-382 Donghu (Tunghu) in Yichang County, Hubei Province A higher rank group containing the Tunghu Sandstone and Shihmen Conglomerate Tertiary Homonymous with Tunghu Sandstone. Tunghu Sandstone ( ) Lee J S, with assistance of Chao Y T, 1924, Geology of the Gorges Area of the Yangtze from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.3, 381-382 Donghu (Tunghu) in Yichang County, Hubei Province For a pink massive sandstone with thickness of 1500m in the top of Tunghu Group Tertiary Homonym: Tunghu Group.

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Tung Hung Shan Formation (&) Yuan P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, pl.1 Donghongshan (Tung Hung Shan) in Fuyuan, west of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Triassic. Tungjen Dolomite (: ) Tungjen Limestone Liu K C, 1945, Geological Review, 10(3/4): 129 Tongren (Tungjen) County, Guizhou Province For grayish white thick-bedded dolomitic limestone Late Cambrian. Tungkaitze Formation i.e. Tungchiehtzu Formation. Tungkangling Formation () Yoh S S, 1927-1928, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.I Donggangling (Tungkangling), 3 km east of Xiangxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Mid Devonian. Tungkuan Formation ( ) Tungkuan Series (the abbreviated form of Tungkuanling) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 461. First appeared in a 1930 manuscript by Lee Y Y & Lee C The range of Dongguan (Tungkuan) in Anhui Province For alternating beds of shale and sandstone with plant remains and a coal seam Jurassic. Tungkuangchi Formation (: ) Hsiung Y H, Luo C Y, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2) Tongkuangxi (Tungkuangchi) brickfield in Zhoujia Township, Gongxian County, Sichuan Province For a sequence composed mainly of shale, carbonaceous shale, with iron, coal and pyrite Carboniferous-Permian. Tungkuangyu Group (: ) Tungkuangyu Volcanics Ma Xingyuan, 1957, Acta Gelogica Sinica, 37(1): 26 Tongkuangyu (Tungkuangyu) in Zhongtiaoshan, Shanxi Province For metamorphic volcanic rocks Neoproterozoic.

Tungkuanshan Quartzite (:) Tungkuan Formation Yih L F, Li C, 1924, Geology of the Coal Field of Chin Hsien and Hsuan–cheng, Anhui, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6) Tongguanshan (Tungkuanshan) in Tongling County, Anhui Province For quartzite DevonianCarboniferous. Tungkuaping Gravel () Guo W K, Ye C C, 1942, Special Report of Southwest Department of Mineral Resources Survey, Commission of Nature Resources Dongguaping (Tungkuaping) in Qiaojia County, Yunnan Province For pebble beds Pliocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tungkungssu Limestone (3) Yoh S S, 1928, A Geological Reconnaissance from Chung-Ching, Szechuan to Kuei-Yang, Kueichou Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (11): 34 Donggongsi (Tungkungssu), 7 km north of Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For limestone Early Permian. Tungla Formation (4) Li Pu et al., Chinese Science Bulletin, 1955(7): 4 Dongla (Tungla), 35 km north of Jiangda County, Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region Composed of light, grayish green, grayish black tuffite, rhyolite and slate Late Devonian.

Tunglan Formation () Tunglan Series Hsu T Y, 1939, Geological Review, 4(5): 297 Donglan (Tunglan) County in Guangdong Province For yellowish red and dark yellow muddy shales Mid Triassic. Tunglangkou Formation ($) Tunglangkou Agglomerate Series Chen M K, Hsiung Y H, 1935, Notes on some thrusts in the Western Hills of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 14(4): 535568 Donglanggou (Tunglangkou) close to Dahuichang, Western Hills, Fengtai District, Beijing Municipality For purplish gray andesitic brecciated tuffite with interbeds of basaltic andesite and grayish green sedimentary tuffite Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous. Tungling Shale (:) Hsieh C Y, Sun C C, Chen K, Cheng Y C, 1935, Geology of the iron deposits of the Lower Yangtze, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (13): 85 Tongling (Tungling) County, Anhui Province For shale Triassic.

Tunglingtai Formation () Chenn M K, Hsiung Y H, 1935, Notes on some thrusts in the Western Hills of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 14(4): 535-568 Donglingtai (Tunglingtai) close to Dahuichang, Western Hills, Fengtai District, Beijing Municipality Cretaceous. Tunglo Formation (1) (:1 1) Torii K, Yoshida K, 1931, Report on the Geology of the Oil Fields of Miaoli and Chutung, Hsinchu Tunglo Town in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Composed mainly of conglomerate with a few layers of sand and clay Pliocene-Pleistocene Homonym: Tunglo Formation (2).

Tunglo Formation (2) (:1 2) Tunglo Series Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 483 Tongluo (Tunglo) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For yellowish gray sandstone and black shale Late Permian Homonymous with Tunglo Formation (1).

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Tunglu Sandstone (2) Tunglu Sandstone Series Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1) Tonglu (Tunglu) County, Zhejiang Province For sandstone Late Paleozoic.

Tunglungtan Formation () Tunglungtan Siliceous Limestone Wang Yuelun, 1941, Geological Review,

6(1):79. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang C C & Huo S C, Wang’s paper was published in 1945, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36) Donglongtan (Tunglungtan) in Dongshan, Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province For siliceous limestone Sinian. Tungmenling Formation () Yao W K, 1934, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.5, 1 Dongmenling (Tungmenling), 6 km east of Bobai County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Pleistocene.

Tungning Formation () Tungning Series Uwatoko K, 1933, Report on the oil-shale deposit in the neighborhood of Talatzu, Holung Hsien, Chilin Province. No.3 Party, Defense Mineral Survey in Manchuria Dongning (Tungning) County, Heilongjiang Province Jurassic-Cretaceous.

Tungpi Formation () Mo C S, Tu H L, 1943, Mem. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (1) Dongpi (Tungpi) Basin, 40 km northwest of Lianxian County, Guangdong Province For limestone and shale in the Tungpi Group Early Carboniferous Homonym with

the same name and subordinate relationship: Tungpi Group. Tungpi Group () Mo C S, Tu H L, 1943, Mem. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (1) Dongpi (Tungpi) Basin, 40 km northwest of Lianxian County, Guangdong Province Included Tungpi Formation, Tungchong Formation and Shuijing Formation Early Carboniferous Homonymous with Tungpi Formation.

Tungpo Quartzite () Ishikawa Toshio, 1942, Report of Geological Mineral Deposit Survey of Local

Yuanqu, Shanxi, Geological Survey Material of Peking University, (293): 25-53 Dongpo (Tungpo) in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province For quartzite Cambrian Synonym: Tanshanshih Group.

Tungpuchiao Formation () Tungpuchiao Series Su L H, 1943, Mem. Geol. Tsinghua University, 1(3): 205 Early Triassic.

1144

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tungshan Formation (1) ( 1) T’an H C, 1924, Geology of the Tan-yuan Coal Field, and Ho Kang Coal Field, Heilungkiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6): 4 Dongshan (Tungshan) of Hegang City, Heilongjiang Province For green, gray tuffite, green sandstone and mudstone Jurassic Homonymous with Tungshan Shale (1). Tungshan Formation (2) ( 2) Tungshan Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Ge-

ology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 51, chart 11. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Xinjiang Bureau of Geology Dongshan (Tungshan) in Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For green shale and sandstone with interbeds of thin-bedded limestone and tuffite Carboniferous Homonymous with Tungshan Shale (1). Tungshan Formation (:) Tungshan Coal-bearing Formation Hsieh C Y, 1932, The Chiawang Coal Field of Tungshan District, Kiangsu, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (18): 12 Tongshan (Tungshan) County, Jiangsu Province For coal series Permian Homonym: Tungshan Quartzite, Tongshan Formation. Tungshan Limestone (1) ( 1) Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt. I, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 192 Dongshan (Tungshan) in Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province For limestone Mid Devonian Homonymous with Tungshan Shale (1); Homonym: Tungshan Limestone (2).

Tungshan Limestone (2) ( 2) Hsieh C Y, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1/2): 1-42 Dongshan (Tungshan) in Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province For limestone Sinian Homonymous

with Tungshan Shale (1) and Tungshan Limestone (1). Tungshan Quartzite (:) Hsia H Y, 1940, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (4): 24 Tongshan (Tungshan) in Linchuan County, Jiangxi Province For sandstone and quartzite Devonian Homonymous with Tungshan Formation. Tungshan Shale (1) ( 1) Yih L F, Liu C C, 1919, The Coal Fields of Ling Yu Hsien, Chihli, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (1) Dongshan (Tungshan) in Zhaojiayu, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province For shales Cambrian-Ordovician Homonym; Tungshan Shale (2). Tungshan Shale (2) ( 2) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Dongshan (Tungshan) in Wuhuzui, Liaoning Province For shale Carboniferous Homonymous with Tungshan Shale (1).

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Tungshanssu Formation () Tungshanssu Bentonite Beds Zhou Dezhong, 1941 (?) Dongshansi (Tungshanssu), 3.5 km east of Rongfeng County, Yunnan Province For bentonite Pleistocene.

Tungshapo Formation ( ) Tungshapo Beds Liu Tungsheng, Li Yuqing, 1963, Miocene Mammals From

Tung-sha-po, Loyang, Honan Province, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 7(4): 352-256 Dongshapo (Tungshapo) village, 5 km southwest of Luoyang City, Henan Province For particoloured sandstone and conglomerate Miocene.

Tungshengchiao Formation (!) Tungshengchiao Clay, Sandstone and Conglomerate Wu Rukang, 1958, Verte-

bratia Palasiatica, vol.2. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Xiong Yongxian et al. Dongshengqiao (Tungshengchiao) in Kaiyuan County, Yunnan Province For clay and sand-bearing conglomerate Neogene. Tungshengmiao Conglomerate () Tungshengmiao Red Conglomerate Beds Guan Shicong, 1957, Geological Knowledge, (12): 19-22 Dongshengmiao (Tungshengmiao) in Lianlangshankou, Langshan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For red conglomerate Cretaceous.

Tungshih Formation ( ) Geographic name Tungshih was Romanized as Tosei by the Japanese (LSI) Torii

K, 1935, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tungshih Sheet Tungshih Town in Taichung County, Taiwan Province Tungshih Formation is

subdivided into four parts: the conglomerate, Tamaopu Member, Cholan Member and Kinshui Shale Pliocene. Tungshuichung Shale (5) Hu Bosu, Cheng Shaoqi, Wang Taikui, Geological Review, 3(6): 593 Dongshuichong (Tungshuichung), northeast of Suining County, Hunan Province For particoloured alternating beds (purple, green, gray, white, yellow, brown, etc.)

Tungsinchai Sandstone () Lee Y Y, 1940, Geological Review, 5(6): 494 Tongxinzhai (Tungsinchai) in Jianwei County, Sichuan Province For sandstone Jurassic.

Tungtang Limestone () Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2(2): 111. First appeared in a manuscript by Ting V K Dongtang (Tungtang) close to Lingchuan, north of Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Mid Devonian.

1146

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tungtawa Beds (: ) Tung Ta Wa beds Yuan P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17 Tongtawa (Tungtawa) close to Fuyuan, east of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Jurassic. Tungtayao Limestone () Norin E, 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 40 Dondayao (Tungtayao) in Qiligou, West Hills of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For the massive blue gray limestone with black argillaceous and calcariferous shale Early Permian.

Tungting Formation ( B) Tungting Series Kingsmill T W, 1869, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol.25, 119-138 Dongting (T) Island in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu Province For limestone Carboniferous. Tungtzu Formation () Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Geosci. Depart. Inst. Liberal Arts, National Chekiang

University, (1). First appeared in a manuscript by Zhang Mingshao & Sheng Xinfu, Zhang and Sheng’s paper was published in 1958 Tongzi (Tungtzu) County in Guizhou Province For thin-bedded limestone and grayish yellow shale Early Ordovician. Tungtzuyan Formation (=) Tungtzuyan Coal Series Wang S W, 1930, Mining and Metallurgy, 4(13): 55 Tongziyan (Tungtzuyan), 60 km west of Liancheng County, Fujian Province For coal-bearing strata Late Permian.

Tungwon Formation () Tungwon Schichten Richthofen F von, 1882, China, bd.II, 73, 78, 80, 110 Dongwen (Tungwon) River in Menyin County, Shandong Province For green, flatic, siliceous limestone Mid Cambrian. Tungyangkang Formation () Tungyangkang Series Lee Y Y, Li C, Chu S, 1935, Proc. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol., (11): 21 Dongyanggang, northwest of Chaofengshan, 20 km southwest of Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province For silicalite Late Permian. Tungyu Group () Tungyu Limestone Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, 99-15 Dongye (Tungyu) Town in Wutai County, Shanxi Province For a series of gray siliceous limestone, interbedded with gray to purple slates Sinian. Tungyuan Shale () Lee J S, 1931, Geology of Lushan, Shanghai, Peping, Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking Tongyuan (Tungyuan), west of Lushan, Jiangxi Province For yellow to yellowish green shale and light yellow sandstone Silurian.

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Tungyueh Limestone ( ) Tungyuehmiao Limestone (T’an H C, Lee C Y, 1931) Heim A, 1930, Spec. Pub. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (6) Dongyuemiao (Tungyuehmiao), northeast of Ziliujing, Sichuan Province For limestone Early Cretaceous Synonym: Tungyuehmiao Limestone. Tun Huang Group (6) Tun Huang Series Sun C C, 1936, On the stratigraphy of upper Huangho & Nan Shan Region, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 75-86 Dunhuang (Tun Huang) City, Gansu Province For schist gneiss, amphibolite and marble Palaeoproterozoic. Tunla Formation (A) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yandong Sheet. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by Tibet Bureau of Geology Tunla in Kangba County, Tibet Autonomous Region Late Cretaceous Synonymous with Zongshan Formation. Tunlan Sandstone () Chang Jianglin, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou, 1992, Late Paleozoic Sedimentary En-

vironments and Coal Accumulation in Shanxi, China, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 19 Tunlan in Western Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For sandstone Early Permian. Tunlonggongba Formation (A) Wang Yujing, Mu Xinan, 1980, Some new observations on the Permian biostratigraphy of the Himalayan Province in Southern Tibet, Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(2): 145-151 Tunlonggongba valley in Duoma Area, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of fine clastic rocks and limestone or marls Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Tuntianying Formation ( ) Yang Xuelin, 1959, Geological Review, 19(10): 459-464. First appeared in a manuscript by Jilin Bureau of Coal Field Tuntianying close to Sandao Township, Yanji Chaoxian Autonomous County, Jilin Province For grayish green, grayish purple andesite, volcanic clastic rock and andesitic basalt Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Tuntou Member () Tuntou Coal Series Hsieh C Y, 1947, Recent Notes on Mineral Resources Survey, (76): 4 Tuntou village, 7 km southwest of Jiawang, Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province For gray to dark gray limestone, shale, grayish white sandstone, with coal seams Late Carboniferous. Tuntouhe Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing:

1148

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Fan Chenglong Tuntouhe, west of Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For parti-coloured clastic rocks Mid Jurassic. Tuoba Formation (C) Tuoba Coal Series Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Tuoba, northwest of Qamdo Area, Tibet Autonomous Region For black shale with in-

terbeds of sandstone and thin-bedded marls lenticle, with yellow sandy shale and four beds of coals in the middle part, and with alternating beds of brown sandstone and green shale Late Permian. Tuobuqia Formation (?) Meng H M et al., 1947, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (17) Tuobuqia, west of Dongchuan County, Yunnan Province For conglomerate with interbeds of mud, sand, clay, marls and sandstone Neogene.

Tuochuan Formation () Ma Changxin, Liu Ronggui, Lu Guide, et al., 1992, Presinian Geology of Northeastern Jiangxi, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Tuochuan in Jiangxi Province Palaeoproterozoic.

Tuogemaiti Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by No.13 Xinjiang Geology Team Tuogemaiti, 42 km north of Atushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of black limestone and silicalite, with interbeds of schist and quartzite Late Devonian. Tuohepingcuo Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Tuohepingcuo in Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic.

Tuohuling Formation (D ) Tuohuling Series Kao P, Hsu K C, 1940 (1943), Geology of West Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (16) Tuohuling between Shanggao County and Fenyi County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of light gray thin-bedded limestone and yellowish purple shale Mid Triassic.

Tuokuzidaban Formation () Zhang Yuqian, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Quemo Sheet Tuokuzidaban, close to Mandalakapu, Quemo County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For parti-coloured volcanic clastic rocks, volcanic rocks, with interbeds of limestone Early Carboniferous.

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Tuolai Diamictite ( ) Tuolai Tillite Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 229 Tuolai Mt. in Qinghai Province For light yellow-red boulder beds Pleistocene.

Tuolai Group (() Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 62 Tuolai Hills in Qilian Mountain, Gansu Province For schist and gneiss Palaeoproterozoic Synonym: Yemananshan Group. Tuolainanshan Group (() Qian Jiaqi, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qilianshan Sheet Tuolainanshan in Gansu Province For the sum of Baishuihe Formation and Hua’erdi Formation Mesoproterozoic.

Tuoli Formation () Tuoli Conglomerate Hsieh C Y, 1933, Note on the Geology of ChangsintienTuoli Area, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 12(1/4): 513-532 Tuoli in Fangshan County, Beijing Municipality For conglomerate Late Cretaceous.

Tuolin Formation () Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy

of Sciences, 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Qiangfang et al. Tuolingongba valley, Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For fine conglomerate, sandstone and clay stone Miocene Tuolin Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Tuoni Formation ( ) Tuoni Coal Series Li Pu et al., 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Duoni (Tuoni) in Nujiang River valley, Qamdo District, Tibet Autonomous Region For

alternating beds of black shale with interbeds of sandstone, shale and coal-bearing sandy shale Early Cretaceous. Tuopangou Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Daxinggou Sheet Tuopangou in Tianqiaoling Township, Wangqing County, Jilin Province For volcanic clastic rocks and lava, with interbeds of tuffaceous conglomerate Late Triassic.

1150

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tuopu Formation () Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Song Yongqiang, Zhang Zhongying, 1987, Hanjiang Delta, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 296 Tuopu in Shantou City, Guangdong Province For grayish white gravel beds, rotten woods, with peat and mud Pleistocene.

Tuoranggekuduke Formation () Lu Zheng, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Aoshikeshan Sheet Tuoranggekuduke close to Zhalate, Fuyun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark yellowish gray sandstone, muddy and siliceous siltstone, grayish green andesite and tuffaceous sandstone Early Devonian.

Tuotala Formation (E) Liang Dingyi, Nie Zetong, Guo Tieying, Zhang Yizhi, et al., 1983, Earth Science, (1) Tuotala in Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For clastic rocks and carbonate rocks with interbeds of marls Early Permian Synonymous with Tunlonggongba Formation.

Tuotuohe Formation (1) ( 1) Tuotuohe Group Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explana-

tory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tuotuohe Sheet, Zhanggangrisong Sheet. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Guo Gengcheng et al. Tuotuohe in Tanggula Township, close to Golmud City, Qinghai Province For lateritic red, purplish red, yellowish brown conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, siltstone, with interbeds of muddy rock and limestone, with Ostracoda and Chara fossils Paleocene Homonym: Tuotuohe Formation (2). Tuotuohe Formation (2) ( 2) Bai Haisheng, 1989, Geological Review, 35(6): 529-536 Tuotuohe in Tanggula Township, close to Golmud City, Qinghai Province For alternating beds of purple sandstone and siltstone, with interbeds of calcareous sandstone, quartzose sandstone, black biolimestone, with Brachiopoda and Pelecypoda fossils Late Jurassic Homonymous with Tuotuohe Formation (1).

Tuowei Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qiubei Sheet Tuowei village in Shede Township, Qiubei County, Yunnan Province For dolomite and dolomitic limestone Mid Triassic.

Tuoyang Formation () Wu Tieshan, Guo Liqing, 1996, Regional Geology of China, 1996(3) Tuoyang village, close to Hutuohe River, Dai County, Shanxi Province For recent fluvial deposits Holocene.

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Tuoyaoshan Volcanics () Tuoyaoshan Pillow Lava Kang Baoxiang et al., 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhenbaodao Sheet Tuoyaoshan in Sensongling, Raohe County, Heilongjiang Province For basic-ultrabasic volcanic lava Mid Triassic.

Tupo Formation () Tupo Coal Series Si H C, 1954, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2(2): 183-186 Tupo, 35-40 km southeast of Zhongning County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For coal-bearing strata Late Carboniferous.

Tuqiaozi Member () Tuqiaozi Formation Chen Yuanren, 1978, Some Problems of Devonian Stratig-

raphy in Longmenshan Area, Sichuan, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 102-122 Tuqiaozi village in Beichuan County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component member within the upper part of Shawotze Formation, for limestone, marls Late Devonian Tuqiaozi Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Tushan Formation (7) Tushan Group Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2(2): 36-97. First appeared in a 1929 manuscript by Ting V K Dushan (Tushan) County, Guizhou Province Originally for the sum of Pangchai Sand-

stone, Chipao Limestone, Sungchiachiao Sandstone an Chiwochai Limestone Early-Late Devonian.

Tushantzu Formation (7) Tushantzu Series Huang T K, Young C C, Cheng Y C, Chow T C, Bien M N, Weng W P, 1947, Report on geological investigation of some oil-fields in Sinkiang, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (21): 21 Dushanzi (Tushantzu), 20 km southeast of Wusu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternation or intercalation of yellowish brown sandy mudstone, sandstone, and conglomerate Pliocene. Tusheqbulag Formation () Tusheqbulag Series Norin E, 1941, The Sino-Swedish Expedition Publ., 16 Tushibulake (Tusheqbulag), 50 km west of Luobubo lake, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For green, yellow, red, brown keratophyric tuffite and volcanic rocks, with sandstone, slate and quartzite in the lower part Early Ordovician.

Tushouling Formation (7)) Chen Guoda, 1949, Geological Review, 14(1/3): 68 Dushouling (Tushouling) in Huaxian County, Guangdong Province For purplish gray hard shale and sandstone Devonian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Tusiliang Formation () Yuan P L, 1993, in Yang Zunyi ed., 1993, Have Pupils Everywhere—Centennial

Memorial Volume of Science Symposium of Professor Yuan P L, Beijing: China University of Geosciences Press Tusiliang (salt range) in the southern slope of Mashitage, the lower reaches of Hetian River, Kunlun Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For fine sand with salt beds Pliocene-Pleistocene. Tutung Beds ( ) Barbour G B, 1924, Preliminary observations in the Kalgan area, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(2): 153-168 Tudong (Tutung) in Sanggan river valley, Hebei Province A bed within the top of the Nihowan Formation, for marls Pleistocene.

Tutuo Formation (?) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luolong Sheet, Qamdo Sheet Tutuo in Tibet Autonomous Region Mid Jurassic.

Tutzutang Limestone (') Wang H C, Liu T I, 1936, Mem. Geol. Surv. Hunan, ser.B, (1) Tuzitang (Tutzutang) in Xinhua County, Hunan Province For limestone Late Devonian.

Tuwu’erbulake Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 55 Tuwu’erbulake in Kuruktag Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish white marbles with interbeds of quartz schist Presinian. Tuyiluoke Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Xinjiang Department of Petroleum Geological Survey Tuyiluoke in Yinjisha County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with the formation within the upper part of the Yingjisha Group, for brownish red mudstone, gypsum mudstone, and white limestone Cretaceous. Tuyin Formation () Wang Wenxian, 1986, A study on the development history of the Quaternary De-

posits of the Lopnur Lake and its adjacent area, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 75-86 Tuyin close to Tiebanhe, north of Luobubo, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A component formation of the Kurukesayi Group, for brownish red clay, sand, with coarse gypsum body Pleistocene.

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Tuyu Formation () Tuyu Member Chen Junyuan, Zhang Junming, et al., 1984, Proceedings of Palaeontological Society of Jiangsu, (5) Tuyu village in Zichuan Area, Zibo City, Shandong Province For a part of dolomite within the middle part of local Machiakou Limestone Early Ordovician Tuyu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Tzaochichen Conglomerate ($) Tsaochichen Conglomerate, Tzaochih Conglomerate Shu W P, 1930, Chihkan Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica, (10): 98 Zaoxizhen (Tzaochi-chen, Tsaochichen or Tzaochih), 7 km east of Yuqian County, Zhejiang Province For conglomerate Early Cretaceous. Tzaochih Conglomerate See Tzaochichen Conglomerate. Tzechuan Formation () Onuki Y, 1944, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 51(605): 78-79 Zichuan (Tzechuan) County, Shandong Province Permian.

Tzekuei Formation (0) Tzekuei Series Wong W H, 1930, The Major Stratigraphic Divisions in the Middle & Lower Yangtze Valley, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14): 27 Zigui (Tzekuei) County, Hubei Province Cretaceous. Tzeshan Formation () Tzeshan Coal Series Wang S W, 1930, Mining and Metallurgy, 4(13): 53 Zishan(Tzeshan) xu, Yudu County, Jiangxi Province For quartz conglomerate, rudite, sandstone, with interbeds of silty shale and coal seams Carboniferous Synonym: Sienkuling Formation, Tengtien Formation, Changtung Formation. Tzuchiachung Formation () Tzuchiachung Coal Series Huang T K, Hsu K C, 1936-1937, Mesozoic oro-

genic movement in the Pinghsiang coalfield, Kiangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, vol.16, 177 Zijiachong (Tzuchiachung) in Pingxiang County, Jiangxi Province For coal series Jurassic. Tzuhsiatung Formation ( ) Tzuhsiatung Series Hsieh C Y, 1928, Geology of Chung Shan and its bearing on the supply of artesian water in Nanking, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 7(2): 139-156 Zixiadong (Tzuhsiatung) in Zijinshan (Chung Shan), east of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For limestone Late Carboniferous. Tzuifengshan Formation () Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt. I, Paleozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. First appeared

1154

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

in a manuscript by Ting W K Cuifengshan (Tzuifengshan), east of Qujing County, Yunnan Province For brownish yellow, brownish purple and brownish gray sandstone and shales, with interbeds of dark gray thin-bedded ornately muddy limestone Early Devonian Synonym: Lunghuashan Formation. Tzumeishih Formation (-) Wu S S, Tseng C H, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 275 Zimeishi (Tzumeishih) in Pingshi County, Guangdong Province Tertiary.

U Ulangochu Formation () Ulan Gochu Formation, geographic name Ulangochu was Romanized as Oulangotchou by the French (LSI) Berkey C P, Granger W, Morris F K, 1928, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 39(1) Wulangaochu (Ulangochu) close to Shalamulun, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For white, gray fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of red mudstone Oligocene. Ulanshireh Formation () Ulan Shireh Formation, geographic name Ulanshireh was Romanized as Oulansile by the French (LSI) Berkey C P, Granger W, Morris F K, 1928, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 39(1) Wulanxire (Ulanshireh) close to Shalamulun, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For red mudstone with interbeds of parti-coloured mudstone Eocene.

Uljitungdur Formation ( ) Berkey C P, Morris F K, 1927, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 38(1): 127 Wulijidongduer (Uljitungdur) in the front margin of Altay, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alluvial deposits Pleistocene. Ulukhen Formation () Ulukhen Series Hausen H, 1928, Einige Zuge der Ober flacheng geologie der Sibirisch-Mongolischen Grenzgebiete zwischen Altai und Transbaikalien. Zeit. d. Ges. f. Erdk., zu Berlin, bd. 63, 289-296 Wulukemu (Ulukhen) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(?) Palaeozoic. Ulungur Formation (() Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 13. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhu Xia Ulungur, north of Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish white and grayish green sandstone Oligocene. Unor Limestone (8) i.e. Wunuerh Formation. Upagtarkom Group (2) Sinicen W M (Sinqyi B M, 1946, Geology and Geological Tectonic of Tianshan and Tarim Basin Wupataerkan (Upagtarkom) in southern slope of Kuokesaleling, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone, phyllite, siltstone and quartzose sandstone Late Silurian-Early Devonian. Urtyn Obo Formation () Ardyn Obo Formation Berkey C P, Granger W, 1923, Amer. Mus. Novit., (77): 12 Urtyn Obo close to the boundary between China and Mongolia, 150 km north-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

west of Shalamulun, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For yellow sands, boulder and gray clay Oligocene. Urumqi Formation (/) Urumqi Series Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratig-

raphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 26. First appeared in a 1952 manuscript by Ma Xiageng Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark purplish red conglomerate and mudstone, with interbeds of grayish green mudstone and sandstone Mid Triassic. Usu Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Peng Xiling et al. Usu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with four terraces Pleistocene Usu Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with nonlithostratigraphic meaning.

W Waban Formation i. e. Wapanai Formation. Wachang Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1973 Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Wachang in Shuiluo Township, Muli County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of quartzose sandstone and slate Early Ordovician Waduo Formation ( ) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kangding Sheet Waduo in Yajiang County, Sichuan Province For slate with interbeds of metamorphic sandstone Late Triassic. Wa’erga Formation ( ) Yang Zunyi, 1983, Triassic System of Southern Qilian Mountain, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.105 Qinghai Coal Field Geology Team Wa’erga in Qinghai Province For a part within the Galedesi Formation Late Triassic. Wafangba Formation ( ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangzhou Sheet Wafangba close to Laogou, Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province Mid Devonian. Wafangdian Formation (  ) Fu Lipu, Song Lisheng, 1986, Silurian Stratigraphy and Paleontological Fauna of Ziyang Area, Shaanxi, Bulletin of Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (14): 1-190 Wafangdian in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province Mid Silurian Homonymous with Wafangtien Formation; Wafangdian Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Wafangtien Formation (  ) Morita G, 1939, Jubilee Publication in the Commemoration of Professor Yabe H’s Sixtieth Birthday, vol.1, 19-38 Wafangdian (Wafangtien) in Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For coal-bearing strata Jurassic Synonym: Zuoyao Formation; Homonym: Wafangdian Formation. Wagangxi Formation ( ) Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shennongjia Sheet Wagangxi close to Songzoyuan, Linghekou, Badong County, Hubei Province For dolomite Mesoproterozoic.

1158

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Waibizi Formation () Zhang Lizhu, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shalanzhan Sheet Waibizi in Heilongjiang Province Late Devonian. Waiguankeng Formation (1 ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yahuang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 70 Waiguankeng in Zhoutan Township, Geyang County, Jiangxi Province For dark gray-grayish black schist, carbonaceous and siliceous slate, phyllite, with interbeds of gneiss and leptynite Sinian-Early Cambrian. Waigucun Formation () No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Southwest Newsletter of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, (4) Waigucun village, close to Dacang, Weishan County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a set of purplish red slate, with rudite, conglomerate and quartzose sandstone in the lower part; with green slate and quartzose sandstone, limestone and marls in the upper part Late Triassic. Waimiao Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangcheng Sheet Waimiao in Shangcheng County, Henan Province For amphibolites, schist, gneiss, conglomerate and rudite Palaeozoic.

Waishandaogou Shale () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Waishandaogou in Xiaoshi coal field, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For shale Late Carboniferous.

Waitaoshan Formation () Waitaoshan Coal Series Ting V K, 1947, Report of Geological Survey, Nanking, National Geological Survey of China Waitaoshan, 12 km southwest of Weining County, Guizhou Province For coal-bearing strata Carboniferous. Waitoushan Formation (1) ( 1) Waitoushan Coal Measure Huang T K, 1932, The Permian Formation of Southern China, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (10). First appeared in a 1914 manuscript by Ting V K Waitoushan, 11 km south of Weining County, Guizhou Province For gray quartzose sandstone with interbeds of carbonaceous shales and coal seams Early Permian Homonym: Waitoushan Formation (2), (3). Waitoushan Formation (2) ( 2) Waitoushan Stage Matsushita S, 1934, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng, Inouy Commemoration, (1) Waitoushan, 14 km southwest of Dalian City, Liaoning Province For amphibolites and quartzite Proterozoic Homonymous with Waitoushan Formation (1).

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Waitoushan Formation (3) ( 3) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 105. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript of classified material by No.1 Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Waitoushan in Tongbai County, Henan Province Neoproterozoic Homonymous with Waitoushan Formation (1). Wajilitage Group ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Wajilitage in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Sinian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Walagan Formation ( ) Wang Ying, 1985, New advance in the studies of the Jurassic and Cretaceous System of Da Hinggan Mountain, Journal of Stratigraphy, 9(3): 203-209 Walagan in Da Hinggan Mountain Area, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of basalt and parti-coloured conglomerate, or basalt lava Early Cretaceous.

Walasi Formation ( ) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Walasi in Jiangda County, Sichuan Province For rhythmic beds composed of fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, slate and conglomerate Mid Triassic Synonym: Congla Formation. Wali Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 229. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Lei Yizhen Wali in Puzhan Township, Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province For brownish red sandy mudstone with interbeds of conglomerate and sandstone Eocene. Waluba Formation ( ) Waluba Member Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Yunnan Bureau of Geology & Yunnan Corporation of Metallurgical Geological Exploration, 1975, Mesozoic Red Beds of Yunnan, Beijing: Science Press Waluba village in Weishan County, Yunnan Province For a set of local black thin-bedded siltstone Late Triassic Synonym: Adula Formation. Wan’an Formation () Wan-an Series Hsu K C, Ting I, 1943, Geology and Tungsten deposits of southern Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (17): 20 Wan’an County, Jiangxi

1160

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Province Sinian. Wanbao Formation () Compiling Group for Jilin Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Jilin Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by No.217 Jilin Coal Field Geology Team Wanbao in Taonan County, Jilin Province For the sum of Jubao Formation and its overlaying coal measures and volcanic rocks Mid Jurassic. Wanbaogou Group () Wanbaogou Formation No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Golmud Sheet, Naji Tal Sheet Wanbaogou in Golmud City, Qinghai Province For light metamorphic clastic rocks, volcanic rocks and carbonate rocks Meso-Neoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification.

Wanchang Formation ( ) Zhang Yiyong, Lan Xiu, Yang Hengren, 2000, Biostratigraphy of Paleocene and

Neocene, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979–1999), Hefei: China University of Science and Technology Press, 363, 366, table 18-3. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by An Junyi Wanchang County, Yilan Yitong Area, Jilin Province Oligocene. Wanchuan Formation () Berkey C P, Morris F K, 1927, Geology of Mongolia Wanquan (Wanchuan) pass, north of Zhangjiakou, Wanquan County, Hebei Province For red rudite Cretac-eous Synonymous with Nantienmen (Conglomerate) Formation.

Wandashan Group (!) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Qu Guansheng ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (23), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Heilongjiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 176 Wandashan in Heilongjiang Province For basic and ultrabasic rocks with silicatite, greywacke and m´elange Mid Triassic-Early Jurassic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Wandianba Formation ("&) No.3 Element of Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Wandianba in Changning County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of purplish red, grayish green rudite, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, marls and limestone Late Triassic.

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Waneng Formation (

) Waneng Ophiolite Formation Wang Zhongshi, 1986, Western Sichuan Geology, (1) Waneng in Shuiluo Township, Muli County, Sichuan Province For ophiolite Late Triassic. Wanfa Limestone (") Wang H C et al., 1943, Temporary Report of Mineral Resources Survey and Exploration Department, Commission on Resources, (32): 1-20 Wanfalong, southeast of Jinshiling, 45 km north of Guiyang County, Hunan Province For black limestone Early Carboniferous.

Wangbu Limestone Member () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 292 Wangbu in Songxi Township, Ningwu County, Jiangxi Province Paleocene. Wangchang Formation () Wangchang Gneiss Sun Dazhong et al., 1984, Early Precambrian of Eastern Hebei, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press Wangchang in Qinglong County, Hebei Province For gneiss Archean.

Wangchenggang Clay () Wangchengkang Clay Chu T H, Wu Y S, Wang Y, et al., 1934, Research on Underground Water, (1): 4 Wangchengang, 5 km west of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province For clay Quaternary.

Wangchengpo Formation () Wangchengpo Limestone and Shale Formation Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2(2): 97- 98. First appeared in a 1929 manuscript by Ting V K Wangchengpo village, close to Dushan County, Guizhou Province For light gray to blackish gray limestone with interbeds of parti-coloured clayey shale or sandstone, with dolomitic limestone in the upper part Late Devonian.

Wangchia Formation () Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2(2): 106109 Wangjia (Wangchia) in Cheng County, Gansu Province Mid Devonian.

Wangchiapa Formation () Hou T F, 1939, Geological Review, 4(2): 100 Wangjiaba (Wangchiapa), northeast of Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For grayish white medium-thinbedded limestone with interbeds of shale and dolomite, with alternating beds of black thin-bedded limestone and yellow shale in the lower part Early Triassic.

1162

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wangchiaping Formation () Juan V C, 1942, Geology of Paikuowan Coal Field, Huili, Sikang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (35) Wangjiaping (Wangchiaping), east of Baiguowan, Huili County, Sichuan Province A minor subdivision within the Paikuowan Coal Measure, for black shales, grayish green sandy shales with interbeds of coal seams Late Trias-

sic. Wangchiapu Formation () Wangchiapu Coal Series Lee Y Y, 1933, Contrib. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol., (3) Wangjiapu (Wangchiapu, today Nanyi Township), Ruichang City, Jiangxi Province For black shales with interbeds of coal seams Early Permian.

Wangchika Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhongdian Sheet Wangchika in Zhongdian County, Yunnan Province For yellowish green mudstone with interbeds of muddy limestone, dark gray knotty limestone with yellow sandstone and mudstone Late Triassic. Wangfeng Diamictite () Wangfeng Moraine Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory for 1:1 500 000 Scale of Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 13, table 2 Wangfeng Highway maintenance squad, close to Western Valley, northern slope of Tianshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene. Wangfudian Formation ( ) Xie Guisheng et al., 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet, Humazhan Sheet Wangfudian close to Laogou, Qingyu, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province Composed of volcanic clastic rocks and lacustrine deposits Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous. Wanggao Formation () Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 284. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Department of Geology, Peking University Wanggao village in Zhongshan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gravel beds, clay beds with interbeds of peats Pleistocene Homonymous with Wangkao Limestone. Wanggongmiao Formation () Compiling Group for Anhui Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Anhui Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team

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1163

Wanggongmiao close to Yujiawan, Huaining County, Anhui Province For grayish purple, grayish white andesitic volcanic breccia, siltstone and quartzose sandstone Late Jurassic.

Wangguangou Formation (2) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geol-

ogy, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang District, Henan Province Wangguangou village, 12 km southwest of Xichuan County, Henan Province For purple sandy dolomite with interbeds of calcareous clay stone, with alternating beds of quartzose sandstone, clay stone and reef limestone Late Devonian. Wangguo Formation () Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dege Sheet Wangguo in Sichuan Province Late Carboniferous Wangguo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-

lithostratigraphic meaning. Wanghe Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuancheng Sheet, Guangde Sheet Wanghe in Anhui Province For the lower part of the Fenghuangtai Formation Late Cretaceous.

Wanghu Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 135 Wanghu in Guangling County, Shanxi Province For flint breccia Late Proterozoic. Wanghucun Formation (

) Jin Yugan, 1961, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 9(3): 272-290. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Department of Geology, Nanking University Wanghucun village, east of Xuancheng County, Anhui Province Dealing with an interval consists of gray sandstone, paper shale, and black thin-bedded quartzose sandstone with Lower Carboniferous fossils the same as Kingling Limestone Early Carboniferous Wanghucun Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Wanghudun Formation () No.311 Anhui Metallurgical Geology Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Taihu Sheet Wanghudun close to Haixingdi, Qianshan County, Anhui Province For red coarse-grained clastic deposits Palaeocene-

Eocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wangjiacun Formation (1) ( 1) Wangjiacun Beds Ueda F et al., 1952, Geology and Mineral Resources of East Asia, vol.3, 1-10 Wangjiacun in eastern Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For black shale, sandy shale with aluminous shale, coal seams and limestone lenticle Late Carboniferous.

Wangjiacun Formation (2) ( 2) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Wangjiacun close to Xiangyangsi, Shidian County, Yunnan Province For thick siltstone, silty mudstone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone, with limestone in the upper part Early Devonian Homony-

mous with Wangjiacun Formation (1). Wangjiadashan Beds () Wangjiadashan Gravel Beds Xiong Yongxian, 1951, Geological Review, 16(3/6): 25 Wangjiadashan, northwest of Jiulongpo, Chongqing Municipality For gravel beds Pliocene.

Wangjiadian Formation ( ) Qing Feng, Gan Yiyan, 1976, Acta Geologica Sinica, 50(1):74-97. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Wangjiadian in Dacaotan Township, Zhangxian County, Gansu Province For the part belongs to Early Carboniferous within the upper part of the original Dacaotan Group Early Carboniferous Wangjiadian Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Wangjiadian Formation ( ) Yang Jialu, Yu Suyu, Liu Guitao, et al., 1991, Cambrian Lithofacies Paleogeography and Trilobite Fauna of Eastern Qinling-Dabashan, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Wangjiadian in Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of dark gray muddy limestone and shales, with muddy limestone and marls in the upper part, and with light gray dolomitic limestone in the top Early Cambrian.

Wangjiagou Formation (1) ( 1) Zhu Weiyuan, 1988, Gansu Geology, (9): 16-28 Wangjiagou in Gansu Province Early Devonian Homonym: Wangjiagou Formation (2). Wangjiagou Formation (2) ( 2) Wang Shouyi, 1988, in Wu Tieshan et al., 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Wangjiagou in Zhongzhuangpu Township, Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province A member in Yihsien Formation (or I-Hsien Formation), for dark purplish red sandy mudstone, with conglomerate, rudite and basalt Late JurassicEarly Cretaceous Homonymous with Wangjiagou Formation (1).

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Wangjiaheba Formation () Hu Rongmin, Wang Zilian, Zhao Yinglong, Lei Xiangchun, 1982, Regional Geology of China, (1): 117-118 Wangjiaheba in Jinyang County, Yunnan Province Dealing with the upper part of the original Daqing Formation, for dolomite, with flint bands, graptolites, siltstone occasionally Late Ordovician.

Wangjiajie Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Changchun Sheet. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Li Dongjin Wangjiajie in Huangyu Township, Yongji County, Jilin Province For muddy siltstone, arkose with interbeds of purple marls, volcanic breccia and grayish black limestone, and with biolimestone, dolomitic limestone and flint nodule in the upper part Mid Devonian. Wangjialeng Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Foping Sheet Wangjialeng in Taibai County, Shaanxi Province For sandy slate, siltstone, limestone, sandstone (included the sum of an unreasonable subdivision Wangjialeng Formation and Niu’ershan Formation) Early-Mid Devonian. Wangjianglou Formation (1) (  1) Wangjianglou Beds Zhang Wentang, 1962, The Ordovician of China, Beijing: Science Press, 92. First appeared in a manuscript by Mu Enzhi Wangjianglou close to Liantan, Yunnan County, Guangdong Province For yellow shales, yellowish green slate and quartzose sandstone Ordovician Homonym: Wangjianglou

Formation (2). Wangjianglou Formation (2) (  2) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hadayingzi Sheet Wangjianglou in Yalu Basin, Jilin Province For gray quartzite with interbeds of andesite, shale and coal seams Mid Jurassic Homonymous with Wangjianglou Formation (1). Wangjiapa Limestone () Yoh S S, 1929, Geological Reconnaissance of West Kueichou, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (12): 2 Wangjiaba (Wangchiapa), 15 km northwest of Shuicheng County, Guizhou Province For limestone, shale and sandstone Late Carboniferous. Wangjiashan Formation () Li Baoxian, Xu Fuxiang, Ma Qihong, et al., 1982, Middle Jurassic Deposits of

the Wangjiashan Basin, Jingyuan, Gansu, Journal of Stratigraphy, 6(1): 33-40. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Gansu Coal Field Geological Exploration Team Wangjiashan close to Shuidonggou, northern part of Jingyuan County, Gansu Province Composed of yellow sandstone and dark gray oil shale Mid Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wangjiatan Shale Member (+) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Dexin, Li Xingyun

ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (21), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Liaoning Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 31. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by No.1 Element of Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team Wangjiatan in Qidingshan Township, Jinzhou, Dalian City, Liaoning Province Dealing with a component member within the middle of the Xingmincun Formation, for yellowish green, grayish green and purple shale and sandy shales Sinian. Wangjiawan Formation (1) ( 1) Yu Changmin et al., 1974, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Wangjiawan, 3 km southeast of Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province For yellowish green, purplish red mudstone, silty mudstone, and sandstone Early Silurian Homonym: Wangjiawan Formation (2). Wangjiawan Formation (2) ( 2) Cao Renguan et al., 1980, Sinian System of Wangjiawan Section in Jinning Coun-

ty, Yunnan, in Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 115-132 Wangjiawan in Jinning County, Yunnan Province For grayish white, purplish red quartzose sandstone, silty shale, with interbeds of limestone and dolomite Sinian Homonymous with Wangjiawan Formation (1). Wangjiazhai Formation () Tian Baolin, Zhang Lianwu, 1980, Atlas of Fossils of Wangjiazhai Mining, Beijing: Coal Industry Press Wangjiazhai, 20 km north of Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province Composed of calcareous siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, clay stone and a few marls, with siderite and coal seams Late Permian.

Wangjiazhuang Formation () No.1 Shangdong Geology Team, 1988, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangqiu Sheet Wangjiazhuang in Shandong Province Pleistoce-

ne. Wangkao Limestone () Meng H M, Chang K, 1933, Ann. Rept., Academia Sinica, 181 Wanggao (Wangkao), northeast of Zhongshan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Early Carboniferous Homonym: Wanggao Formation. Wangkun Diamictite ()) Wangkun Moraine Duan Wanti, 1979, Chinese Science Bulletin, (10) Wangkun, west of Kunlun Mountain pass, Qinghai Province For diamictite Quaternary.

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Wangkung Formation () Chi W R, 1983, Petroleum, 19(4): 2-26 Wangkung village, 24 km southwest of Changhua County, Taiwan Province For parti-coloured volcanic clastic rock, sandstone, shale, with limestone occasionally Paleocene. Wanglongtan Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Hubei Province Wanglongtan in Nanzhang County, Hubei Province For feldspathic quartzose sandstone, carbonaceous shale and clay stone, with coal seams Late Triassic-Early Jurassic.

Wanglougang Formation () Li Yuntong et al., 1984, Stratigraphy of China, 13, Tertiary of China, Beijing:

Geological Publishing House, 225-226. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by No.765 Guangdong Geology Team Wanglougang close to Jiuwo Town, Ledong County, Hainan Province For alternating beds of dark gray to grayish black thickbedded clay and sandy clay and thin-bedded rudite Neocene. Wangmen Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxiang, Chongzuo, Dongxing, Youyiguan Sheet Wangmen close to Baibao, Shangsi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For muddy siltstone, mudstone, calcareous mudstone and fine-grained sandstone Early

Jurassic. Wangpanli Member () Feng T L, 1950, Science Report of Tsinghua University, ser. C, 2(1) Wangpanli in Leping County, Jiangxi Province For sandstone, shales and coal seams Late

Permian. Wangpashan Formation () Wangpashan Series Yan Junfeng, Li Guangyou, 1958, Acta Geologica Sinica, 38(3): 343 Wangbashan (Wangpashan) close to Qiaotoula, Leping County, Jiangxi Province Early Carboniferous. Wangpo Shale () Lu Yanhao, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(2): 178 Wangpo in Baocheng County, 12 km northwest of Zhengxian County, Shaanxi Province For shales Late Permian. Wangqiao Member () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Wangqiao in Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province For acidic lava composed

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

mainly of rhyolite, rhyolitic porphyry, with interbeds of breccia and tuffite Late Jurassic. Wangquankou Formation () Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Balunbieli Sheet Wangquankou in Huinong County, Shizuishan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For dolomite with siliceous bands and nodule, with interbeds of quartzose sandstone and siltstone, calcareous slate and conglomerate Mesoproterozoic. Wangshan Formation () Joint Team of Anhui and Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Teams, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dangshan Sheet, Suxian Sheet, Lingbi Sheet Wangshan close to Langan, 50 km northeast of Suzhou City, Anhui Province A component formation of Huaihe Group, for muddy banded dolomitic limestone, limestone and flint nodule-bearing limestone Neoproterozoic. Wangshasi Formation ( ) Yin Jixiang, 2000, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000, Geological Evolution of the Karakoram-Kunlun Mountains, Beijing: Science Press, 77, table 2-4 Wangshasi, south of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Neoproterozic. Wangshih Group (3) Wangshih Series Tan H C, 1923, New Research on the Mesozoic and Early Tertiary Geology in Shandong, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (5): pt.2, 95-135 Wangshi (Wangshih) village, southeast of Laiyang City, Shandong Province For brownish red sandstone with interbeds of conglomerate, mudstone, siltstone with interbeds of conglomerate Late Cretaceous. Wangtai Formation () Wangtai Series Zhao Jiaxiang, Yan Zhen, Dong Nanting, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 114 Wangtai in Jiaonan County, Shandong Province For mega quartz schist, calcareous schist, marble and amphibolite Archean. Wangtianping Formation () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 39. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Wangtianping in Shaanxi Province For a component within the upper part of the Jiudaoguai Formation Sinian. Wangwu Member () Tong Yongsheng, Zhang Yuping, Wang Banyue, Ding Suyin, 1976, The Lower Tertiary of the Nanxiong and Chijiang Basins, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 14(1): 16-25 Wangwu in Jiangxi Province Paleocene.

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Wangxiangtun Formation () No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Siping-Kanping Sheet Wangxiangtun close to Xia’ertai, Changtu County, Jilin Province For a component formation within the top of the Xia’ertai Group Ordovician-Silurian.

Wangyinpu Formation () Wangyinpu Series Lee Y Y, 1933, Contrib. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol., (3): 24 Wangyinpu (Misunderstanding of Huangyingpu) close to Hengludongmen, northwest of Wuning County, Xiushui valley, northern Jiangxi Province For black shale with interbeds of coal-rocks Late Sinian-Early Cambrian.

Wangyou Formation () Wang Chengyuan, Wang Zhihao, 1978, Chihkan of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, (11) Wangyou in Huishui County, Guizhou Province For the limestone within the local Daihua Formation, with ammonites and conodont fossils Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous.

Wangyu Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Weinan Sheet Wangyu village, 9 km north of Yaoshi, Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province For thick-bedded dolomite with interbeds of calcareous conglomerate Late Cambrian.

Wanhedian Group ( ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongbai Sheet Wanhedian in Tongbai County, Henan Province For the sum of Dingyuan Formation, Shizikou Formation (1) and Chenjiawan Formation (1) Palaeoproterozoic.

Wanhougou Formation () i.e. Wuwanhougou Formation. Wanhsien Speleothem (

) Wanhsien Cave Deposits Teilhard de Chardin P, Young C C, 1935, The Cenozoic sequence in the Yangtze Valley, Bull. Geo. Soc. China, 14(2): 161-178 Wanxian (Wanhsien) County, Sichuan Province For speleothem Pleistocene.

Wanjuanshu Formation (.) Mu Enzhi, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Junyuan, Rong Jiayu, 1978, The Ordovician

strata in the vicinity of Shuanghe district of Sichuan, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(2): 105-121 Wanjuanshu hills, close to Putaojing village, southeast of Shuanghe Town, Changning County, Sichuan Province For shales Early Ordovician.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wanlong Formation ( ) Yu Jianzhang, Cui Shengqin, Qiu Ganlin, 1964, Acta Geologica Sinica, 44(1): 112. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Changchun College of Geology Wanlong village, close to Tiechang, 20 km east of Tonghua County, Jilin Prov-ince For dark gray limestone and algal limestone Proterozoic.

Wanning Formation () Zhang Zhongyin, Liu Ruihua, Han Zhongyuan, 1987, Quaternary coastal stratigraphy of Hainan Island, Tropical Geography, 7(1) Wanning County, Hainan Province For dark gray clay with interbeds of conglomeratic medium-coarse-grained sands Holocene.

Wanqingsha Formation (# ) Huang Zhenguo, Li Pingri, Zhang Zhongying, Li Konghong, Qiao Pengnian,

1982, The Formation and Evolution of Zhujiang Delta, Guangzhou: Guangzhou Branch of Popular Science Press Wanqingsha in Panyu County, Guangdong Province For gray, yellow, medium-fine-grained rudite, clay and ruditic mud Holocene. Wanquanhu Group ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Wanquanhu in Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraph-

ical classification. Wanshan Formation () Hu Xiongjian, Xu Jinkun, et al., 1991, Precambrian Geology of Southwestern Zhejiang Province Wanshan County, Zhejiang Province Mesoproterozoic.

Wanshanchang Limestone () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 80, chart 96 Wanshanchang in Guizhou Province For grayish white and grayish black limestone and dolomitic limestone Cambrian. Wanshanzhuang Formation () Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 13. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Shandong Bureau of Geology Wanshanzhuang in Xintai County, Shandong Province Dealing with a component formation within the Taishan Group, for schist, amphibolites, leptynite and gneiss Archean.

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Wanshoushan Formation (') Wanshoushan Coal Series Pien C S, 1940, Geology of Siyangtang Coal Field, Sungmin & Iliang, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Wanshoushan, 21 km northwest of Yiliang County, Yunnan Province For quartzose sandstone, sandy shales with interbeds of coal seams Early Carboniferous.

Wanwankou Limestone () Kobayashi T, 1930-1931, Jap. Jour. Geol. Geogr., 8(3): 131-186 Wanwangou (Wanwankou) close to Niuxintai, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For limestone with interbeds of calcareous shales Late Cambrian.

Wanxiu Formation () Wanxiu Group Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale,

1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team Wanxiu in Qinghai Province For dark purple, purplish red thick-bedded conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone, shale and marls Early Cretaceous. Wanyaoshu Formation ("") Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Sheng Xinfu Wanyaoshu in Yunnan Province For gray sandy mudstone and shales Late Ordovician.

Wanyuan Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 43 Wanyuan in Zhoutan Township, Geyang County, Jiangxi Province For leptynite with interbeds of schist Neoproterozoic. Wanzhangzi Formation (%) Sun Dazhong et al., 1984, Early Precambrian of Eastern Hebei, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press Wanzhangzi in eastern Hebei Province For a component formation within the local Badaohe Group Proterozoic.

Wanziwan Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team Wanziwan in Suixian County, Hubei Province For a component formation within the local Suixian Group Proterozoic.

1172

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wapanai Formation (

) Wapanai Series, Waban Series Chang W Y, Jen C Y, 1941, New geological observation along the route from Luting, Tanchang, Yungching to Ya’an, Sikang, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 21(3/4): 199-204 Wapanai close to Lianglukou on the highway line from Ya’an to Kangding, Sichuan Province Late Jurassic Misunderstood synonym: Waban Formation. Wapu Formation ( ) No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mangkang Sheet, Yanjing Sheet Wapu in Yunnan Province Triassic. Waseh Formation ( ) Washih Formation Sun Y C, 1946, The Sino-Burmese geosynclines of Early Palaeozoic time with special reference to the extent & character, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 25(1-4): 1-8 Wase (Waseh or Washih) in Dali City, Yunnan Province For siliceous beds with interbeds of grayish green shales, black calcareous shales and black thin-bedded muddy limestone Silurian. Wasigou Formation ( ) Li Fuhan et al., 1988, Presinian of Kangding-Yunnan District, Chongqing: Chongqing Press Wasigou in Sichuan Province For metamorphic rocks with intrusion Archean-Proterzoic.

Wateding Formation ( ) No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mangkang Sheet, Yanjing Sheet Wateding in Yunnan Province Triassic. Wawukuang Formation ( ) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang Sheet, Weifang Sheet, Xiyou Sheet Wawukuang close to Longwangzhuang, Laiyang City, Shandong Province For

grayish yellow to grayish green sandstone, shales, with conglomerate in the bottom Early Cretaceous.

Wawuwan Formation ( ) Wawuwan Group Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Permian coal-bearing strata in Northern Shennongjia Area, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Central-South China, (1) Wawuwan close to Gaotang, Fangxian County, Hubei Province For dark gray to grayish black dolomite with interbeds of black shales or carbonaceous shales Early Permian. Waxi Formation () No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1975, Features of bedded ultrabasic rocks in Fanjingshan Region of Guizhou Province and a preliminary discussion of their origin, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1975(4): 351-364 Waxi in Fanjingshan

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Area, northeastern Guizhou Province For blastosandstone, blastotuffite and slate Mesoproterozoic. Wayao Formation ( ) Lei Yizhen et al., 1992, Tertiary and Quaternary, in Wang Xiaofeng, Ma Dayou,

Jiang Dahai ed., 1992, Geology of Hainan Island (1), Stratigraphy and Paleontology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Wayao valley in Changchang Basin. Qiongshan City, Hainan Province For grayish white, grayish yellow sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone and fine-grained conglomerate, with interbeds of gray marls, purplish red, brownish gray muddy siltstone and oil-bearing mudstone lenticle Eocene Homonymous with Wayao Member. Wayao Member ( ) Wayao Formation Dong Weiping, 1987, in Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 287-288 Wayao village, 4 km southwest of Yongning Town, Guanling County, Guizhou Province Dealing with the component member within the upper part of Falang Formation, and without the part of Laishike Formation, for grayish black clay stone with interbeds of knotty limestone, marls and limestone lenticle Mid-Late Triassic Homonym: Wayao Formation. Wayaokou Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Hebei Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team Wayaokou in Tianzhen County, Hebei Province For gneiss Archean. Wayaopu Formation ( ) Wayaopu Coal Series Pan C H, 1934, The Oil Shale Deposits of Northern Shensi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (24) Wayaopu in Zichang County, Shaanxi Province For black sandstone, shales with coal seams Late Triassic-Early Jurassic. Waziyu Formation ( ) Waziyu Group Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yixian County Sheet Waziyu in Yixian County, Liaoning Province Dealing with a component formation within the top of Jianping Group, for schist, marble and phyllite Archean. Weibei Formation (#) Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10). First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by No.2 Shandong Hydrological Geology Team Weibei in Laizhou City, Shangdong Province For grayish black, grayish yellow silty clay, clayey silt with interbeds of conglomeratic coarse-grained sandstone Holocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Weichang Basalt ($) Teilhard de Chardin P, 1932, The Geology of the Weich’ang area, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (19) Weichang County, Hebei Province For basalt Miocene Synonymous with Hanoorpa Basalt. Weichiwa Formation (%) Wu Tieshan et al., 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Weichiwa in Shanxi Province Mesoproterozoic.

Weichou Limestone (& ) Weichou Limestone and Marble Hubbard G D, 1937, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol.48 Weizhou (Weichou) County, Sichuan Province For limestone Permian. Wei’en Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Wei’en in Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous Synonymous with Tuoni Formation. Weifang Formation (') Weifang Group Li Jianhai et al., 1983, Geology of Fujian, 2(1): 1-19 Weifang village, 15 km northwest of Yongan County, Fujian Province For gray, grayish black phyllite, silicalite, siliceous mudstone, with interbeds of metamorphic finegrained sandstone Early Ordovician. Weiguan Formation (( ) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Ganzi Geology Team Weiguan in Lixian County, Sichuan Province For quartzitic sandstone, phyllite, with interbeds of limestone Devonian. Weiji Formation (') Joint Team of Jiangsu and Anhui Regional Geological Survey Teams, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuzhou Sheet Weiji in Wushao Township, Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province Dealing with a component formation within the Huaihe Group, for grayish yellow, grayish purple, purplish red limestone(dolomite), with interbeds of clay stone Neoproterozoic. Weijiachi Formation ()) Yang Bingquan, Yong Yongyuan, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuncheng Sheet, Sanmenxia Sheet Weijiachi village in Caojiazhuang Township, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within

the Shushui Group, for gneiss with interbeds of leptynite, amphibolite and marble Archean.

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Weiling Sandstone () Lee T, Chin W K, 1932, Bull. Geol. Surv. Chekiang, (2) Weiling, north of Juxian County, Zhejiang Province For sandstone Early Carboniferous.

Weiluhe Formation (%) Zhang Lizhu, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuncheng Sheet, Lanshazhan Sheet Weiluhe in Heilongjiang Province Mesoproter-

ozoic. Weimei Formation () Wang Yigang, Sun Dongli, He Guoxiong, 1980, New Advances in the Stratigraphy of the Himalayas (China’s side), Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1): 55-59 Weimei village, north of Renlapuqu, 20 km east of Jiangze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of slate and quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of muddy siltstone, silty shale and limestone lenticle Late Jurassic. Weimen Formation () Huang Shengbi, 1997, in Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 250 Weimen in Maowen County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of clastic rocks and metamorphic clastic rocks Cambrian(?). Weining Formation (&) Weining Limestone Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.1, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 246, 519. First appeared in a manuscript by Ting V K Weining County, Guizhou Province For white, light to grayish black limestone, with interbeds of dolomitic limestone, with grayish yellow muddy limestone in the lower part, with red thin-bedded shales occasionally Late Carboniferous Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Weining Group. Weining Group (&) Weining Series Ting V K, 1947, Geological Reconnaissance in Kueichow and Kuangsi, Geological Reports of Dr. Ting V K (1913–1930), published by the National Geological Survey of China (Under the Ministry of Economic Affair), Nanking, June, 1947 Weining County, Guizhou Province For the sum of (in ascending order) Pochi Wan Shale, Shihtzupu Limestone, Hsinkuanting Limestone and Weining Limestone Late Carboniferous Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Weining Formation. Weishan Formation (*) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology et al., 1975, Mesozoic Red Beds of Yunnan, Beijing: Science Press Weishan in Yunnan Province For the sum

1176

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

of subdivisions of Waigucun Member, Sanhedong Member and Waluba Member Triassic. Weishanhu Formation ($ ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Weishanhu in Tibet Autonomous Region For clastic rocks with interbeds of limestone Early Permian Synonymous

with Ninggongqujiulong Formation. Weiyuanjiang Formation (& ) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology et al., 1975, Mesozoic Red Beds of Yunnan, Beijing: Science Press Weiyuanjiang in Heping Township, Jinggu County, Yunnan Province For dark gray, grayish green mudstone, calcareous siltstone, with interbeds of limestone and muddy limestone Late Triassic. Weizhou Formation ( ) Weizhou Group Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 251. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by No.4 Petroleum Geological Exploration Team, Ministry of Geology Weizhou Island in Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For particoloured mudstone, silty mudstone, sandstone and rudite Oligocene. Weizhou Formation (+ ) An Taixiang, Zheng Zhaochang, 1990, The Conodont around the Ordos Basin, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Du Demin Weizhou in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Early Ordovician Weizhou Formation is

the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Weiziyu Formation (%) Lu Liangzhao et al., 1981, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, (4) Weiziyu in Miyun County, Beijing Municipality For a component formation within the Miyun Group Archean. Wenbifeng Formation (,) Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of Jiangsu Province and Shanghai Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.1], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 100. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Jiangsu Petroleum Geological Survey Team Wenbifeng in Jiangsu Province Late Cambrian. Wenbinshan Formation (,1) Fujian Bureau of Metallurgical Industry, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guangze Sheet. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by

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No.303 Fujian Geology Team Wenbinshan in Zhangping City, Fujian Province For siltstone sandstone with interbeds of mudstone Late Triassic. Wenchangshan Group (,) Yan Zhiqiang, 1994, Journal of Stratigraphy, 18(1): 30-38 Wenchangshan close to Huashan, west of Haiyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For a series of continental clastic rocks Sinian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Wenchuan Gneiss () Chang L C, 1938, Geological Review, 3(2): 256 Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province For granitic gneiss. Wenchuanho Formation () Geographic name Wenchuanho was Romanized as Onsenga by the Japanese (LSI) Skikama T, 1943, Pleistocene Problems in Japan and vicinity, some tentative consideration in Palaeomammalogy, Bull. Cent. Nat. Mus. Manchukuo, (6). First appeared in a 1937 manuscript of private circular by Endo R, Ishijima W, Noda M & Shikama T Wenquanhe (Wenchuanho) close to Guxiangtun, south of Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province For coarse-grained sand, sand and gravel, boulder, grayish brown sand and clay, with interbeds of peat Holocene. Wenduo’er’aobaote Formation (  ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dong Ujimqin Banner Sheet Wenduo’er’aobaote in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mid Devonian.

Wenfengta Formation (,) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 227. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Jianghan Department of Petroleum Exploration Wenfengta in Yingshan County, Hubei Province Neocene. Wenghsiang Group (-) Wenghsiang Shale Wang Y L, Hsiung Y H, Wu H T, 1938, Brief Report of National Geological Survey, (9) Wengxiang (Wenghsiang), 15 km northeast of Kaili, Guizhou Province For silty marls Early Silurian. Wengjialing Formation (-) Wengjialing Schist Northeastern Jiangxi Geology Team, 1977, Geological Information of Northeastern Jiangxi, (1) Wengjialing in Xiaxi Township, Guangfeng County, Jiangxi Province For purplish red, yellowish green siltstone, siliceous slate and silty mudstone, with interbeds of rudite, and with tuffite and dolomite occasionally Mesoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wenjiaci Formation (,) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 301 Wenjiaci in Zhangla County, Sichuan Province For gravel and yellow clay Pleistocene. Wenjialing Formation () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Liaoning Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.14], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 204 Wenjialing close to Laohushan, Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province For slate, schist with interbeds of carbonaceous slate Permian. Wenjialing Formation (,) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luan, Yuexi Sheet Wenjialing northwest of Huadun, Yuexi County, Anhui Province Dealing with a subdivision within the Dabeishan Complex, for leucogranulite and gneiss Archean.

Wenjiashan Formation (,) Song Ziji et al., 1987, Geology of Shaanxi, 5(1) Wenjiashan in Shangzhou County, Shaanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the Xieyuguan Group, for leptynite Proterozoic. Wenmingsi Formation (,% ) Wenmingsi Sandstone Xu Ren, 1958, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 6(2) Wenmingsi in Rucheng County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of dark purplish red silty mudstone and muddy siltstone, with interbeds of grayish green or particoloured mudstone Early Cretaceous. Wennan Formation () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 234, chart 49 Wennan in Xintai County, Shandong Province Dealing with a component formation within the bottom of the Menyin Group, for red rudite with interbeds of green sandstone Early Cretaceous. Wenpeishan Formation i.e. Wenpishan Formation. Wenpishan Formation (,) Wenpishan Shale, Wenpeishan Series Kao C H, Wang C Y, 1942, Report of Geology and Mineral Resources of Inst. Geol. Soil Surv. Fuchien, (5): 10 Wenbishan (Wenpishan or Wenpeishan) in Yongan County, Fujian Province For shale with

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interbeds of sandy shale, a few sandstone and slate, and with conglomerate in the bottom Early Permian. Wenqu Formation (!) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by No.2 Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team Wenqu in Naidong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For black muddy slate with interbeds of rhyolite Late Cretaceous. Wenquan Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Wenquan in Changning County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of gray, grayish black shale, and siltstone, with silicalite Devonian Homonymous with Wenquan Group (1). Wenquan Group (1) ( 1) Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 66. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Wang Wenbin Wenquan in Tibet Autonomous Region Homonym: Wenquan Formation, Wenquan Group (2). Wenquan Group (2) ( 2) No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1988, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Basikanshanai Sheet, Huocheng Sheet, Alataoshan Sheet Wenquan, south of Boertala river, Western Tianshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For marble, quartz schist and gneiss Late Proterozoic Homonymous with Wenquan Group (1). Wenquangou Group () Zhang Yuqian, Zhao Mingyu, Jiao Shengrui, 1976, Geological Science and Technology of Xinjiang, (6) Wenquangou close to the juncture of Yeerqiang river and Aketa rever, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For light metamorphic clastic rocks with interbeds of calcareous siltstone, quartzose sandstone and phyllite Early Silurian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Wenquanhu Group ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Wenquanhu in Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous Wenquanhu Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with nonlithostratigraphic meaning. Wenshan Formation () Wutai Group of No.1 Division of North China Institute of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, North China Institute of Geological sciences, 133-140 Wenshan close

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

to Dongye, Shanxi Province For brownish red, purplish red sandy slate, quartzite and marble Proterozoic. Wenshicun Formation (,&) Lei Yizhen et al., 1992, Tertiary and Quaternary, in Wang Xiaofeng, Ma Dayou, Jiang Dahai ed., 1992, Geology of Hainan Island (1), Stratigraphy and Paleontology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Wenshi cun village in Hainan Province Eocene. Wenshishan Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 61. First appeared in a manuscript by No.413 Hunan Geology Team Wenshishan in Hunan Province Pleistocene. Wenshui Formation () Wenshui Beds Sun Y C, 1937, Geological Review, 2(1) Wenshui in Shandong Province For shale Mid Cambrian. Wenshuihe Formation () Zhang Huimin, Zhang Wenzhi, 1984, Middle and Upper Proterozoic Magnetostratigraphy and Tectonic Evolution in Eastern China, in Scientific Papers on Geology for International Exchange (1), Prepared for the 27th International Geological Congress, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 151-160. First appeared in a manuscript by Li Quan & Leng Jian, Li Quan & Leng Jian’s paper was published in 1987 Wenshuihe close to Tianjiansha farm, 36 km southwest of Songbai Town, Shennongjia, Hubei Province For basalt with interbeds of marls and dolomite, siliceous limestone, siltstone with interbeds of rudite lenticle and tuffite Mesoproterozoic. Wentong Formation (,) Zhang Taigui, Liang Que, 1973, Geological Science and Technology, (5) Wentong in Rongshu Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the top of the Sibao Group, for metamorphic sandstone, siltstone, phyllite and slate, with interbeds of volcanic extrusive rock Mesoproterozoic. Wentoushan Shale (,) Chang H L, 1938, Natural Scinces of College of Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, 8(1) Wentoushan close to Liantan, Luoding County, Guangdong Province For black carbonaceous shales, brownish red siltstone and silty shale Mid Silurian. Wentzukeng Formation (. ) Ho C S, 1986, An Introduction to Geology of Taiwan–Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan, 2nd edition, National Geological Survey, Ministry of

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Economic Affairs. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Chan H F Wentzukeng, northeast of Taipei County, Taiwan Province For grayish black and black shale with interbeds of muddy sandstone and siltstone Oligocene. Wenxi Formation (,) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Wu Tieshan & Zhang Juxing Wenxi close to Zhuangwang Township, Fanshi County, Shanxi Province For a component formation within the upper part of Shizui Group Archean. Wenyu Formation () Ji Shukai, 1966, Geological Review, 24(2): 152-155 Wenyu village in Caojiazhuang Township, Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province A component formation of the Chungtiao Group, for schist with interbeds of marble and quartzite Palaeoproterozoic. Wenzhou Formation ( ) Wang Kede, Ju Xiuzhen, Zhang Jianyi, 1990, Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 7(4): 293-310 Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province Eocene Wenzhou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraohic meaning. Wobo’er Formation (/) Zheng Zhaochang, Zhang Gang, Li Yuzhen, et al., 1982, An Outline of the strata

in the Bado in Jaran Area, Inner Mongolia, Journal of Stratigraphy, 6(3): 225-230 Wobo’ershangde in Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Monglia Autonomous Region For dark gray silicalite with interbeds of muddy slate Early Ordovician.

Woduhe Formation ( ) Woduhe Group No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team and Su Yangzheng, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jiagedaqi Sheet Woduhe, 25 km north of Duobaoshan, Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For quartzose sandstone, rudite, fine-grained siltstone and slate Late Silurian Woduhe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Woguadi Formation ( ) Jilin Institute of Regional Geological Survey, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Panshi Sheet Minor Woguadi in Guanma Township, Panshi County, Jinlin Province For marine volcanic rocks and tuffite Late Carboniferous. Wolonggang Formation (0) No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Kunlun Mountain-Yulongkashihe-Kalaguolanhe Area Wolonggang Area, close to Muzitage, Qiemo County, Xinjiang Uygur

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Autonomous Region For gray, grayish black, yellowish green, brownish gray with interbeds of dark purple siltstone; sandstone, coarse-grained sandstone with interbeds of conglomerate, with alternated coal seams Late Triassic. Wolung Formation (0) Wolung Series Kobayashi T, 1930, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.37 Wolong (Wolung) in Niuxintai Basin, Taizihe area, Liaoning Province For flint-bearing limestone and intraclastic limestone, there is another subdivision of the same name Wolung Limestone within the Wolung Formation Ordovician Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Wolung Limestone.

Wolung Limestone (0) Kobayashi T, 1930, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.37 Wolong (Wolung) in Niuxintai Basin, Taizihe area, Liaoning Province For flint-bearing limestone within the lower part of the Wolung Formation Ordovician Homonym with the same

name and subordinate relationship: Wolung Formation. Wolungshan Formation (0) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 430 Wolungshan in Huailu County, Hebei Province For edgewise conglomerates Late Cambrian.

Woma Formation (/) Huang Wanbo et al., Pliocene Strata in Jilong Basin, Tibet, in Collections of Sci-

entific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Paleontology of Tibet, pt.1, Beijing: Science Press Woma, 15 km southeast of Jilong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For yellow, bluish gray siltstone, and carbonaceous mudstone Miocene. Wonho Conglomerate () Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis, Blackwelder, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, 57 Wenhe (Wonho), southeast of Weifang City, Shandong Province For conglomerate Tertiary.

Woniusi Formation (0) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Woniusi close to Jinji, Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For basalt, tuffite, with interbeds of volcanic clastic rocks, siltstone, shale and lenticular bioclastic limestone Late Carboniferous.

Woronggou Formation (0 ) Tibet Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Woronggou close to Lajiangshan, Deqing area, Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region For parti-coloured clastic rocks and andesite Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous.

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Wote Limestone ( ) Song S H, 1946, Geological Review, 11(3/4): 271-278 Wote close to Tiangeredaban, Jinghe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone Early Carboniferous.

Wotoushan Formation ( ) Sichuan Air Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zigong Sheet Wotoushan close to Sanhe, Yibin County, Sichuan Province For thick-bedded quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of mudstone and limestone lenticle Early Cretaceous.

Wotuoshan Formation (0F) Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yagan Sheet. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Ningxia Integrated Team of Geological Research and Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Wotuoshan in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For conglomerate, gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone, grayish green quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone and limestone Mid Devonian. Wubin’aobao Formation (1) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xilinchaganaobao Sheet, Dalai Sheet Wubin’aobao in Sonid Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For slate with interbeds of siltstone and thin-bedded limestone Early-Mid Ordovician.

Wuchang Group ( ) Wuchang Coal Series Hsieh C Y, 1924, Straitgraphy of Southeastern Hupei, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(2): 91-98 Wuchang in Wuhan City, Hubei Province For a coal series composed of shale, sandstone, quartzite and conglomerate Jurassic Homonym: Wuchang Sandstone.

Wuchang Sandstone ( ) Pan Jiang, 1957, Basic Materials of Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 11 Wuchang in Wuhan City, Hubei Province For sandstone Mid Devonian Homonymous with Wuchang Group.

Wucheng Formation () Wucheng Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 30, chart 62. First appeared in a manuscript by Chen Qin Wucheng in Tongbai County, Henan Province For alternating beds of grayish green, brown, grayish white shale and sandy shale, with marls and black carbonaceous shale locally Tertiary.

1184

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wucheng Loess (1) Liu Tungsheng, Chang T H, 1962, Acta Geologica Sinica, 42(1): 1-14 Wucheng Town, Xianxian County, Lvliangshan, Shanxi Province For loess with interbeds of red palaeo soil bands Pleistocene. Wuchiachi Group () Wuchiachi Limestone Yu C C, Shu W P, 1929, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (8): 45 Wujiaji (Wuchiachi), 20 km northeast of Nanzhang County, Hubei Province For dark gray thin- to thick-bedded limestone with interbeds of red shaly limestone Cambrian. Wuchiaping Limestone () Lu Yanhao, 1956, Acta Geologica Sinica, 36(2): 159-196 Wujiaping (Wuchiaping) village, 12 km northwest of Nanzheng County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province For limestone Permian. Wuchiashan Shale () Lee Y Y, 1944, Salt deposits of Szechuan, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (18): 113 Wujiashan (Wuchiashan) close to Niuhuaxi, north of Wotongqiao, Sichuan Province For shale Cretaceous Homonym: Wujiashan Formation.

Wuchihshan Formation (1) (2 1) Chang C C, 1941, Geology of the Deposit of Nantanhsien, Kuangsi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (34) Wuzhishan (Wuchihshan), east of Dachang, Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish white, green, thin or lenticular limestone with interbeds of thin silicalite Mid-Late Devonian Homonym: Wuchihshan Formation (2). Wuchihshan Formation (2) (2 2) Yen C P, Chen P Y, 1953, Explanatory Texts of the Geologic Map of Taiwan: Taipei, Tatungshan and Juifang Sheet, Geological Survey of Taiwan Wuchihshan is a mountain range on the west of Keelung, Taiwan Province For white, medium-

to coarse-grained sandstone, which is the predominant member in the whole formation Miocene Homonymous with Wuchihshan Formation (1). Wuchimi Formation (() Takeyama Toshio, Asano Goro, 1937, Geology and Geography of Northeast Manchuria, South Manchuria Railway Co. Wujimi (Wuchimi), west of Shanglao County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of tuffaceous sands, gravels, quartz sand and grayish white clay Pliocene. Wuchiu Member (2) Geographic name Wuchiu was Romanized as Goki by the Japanese (LSI) Gan S, 1940, The Geology of the Sankyo District, Kainangun, Taihoku prefecture, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 2(3-4) Wuchiu in Taipei County, Taiwan Province The Wuchiu Beds constitute a member of the Taikei Formation, lie below the Kinkako beds and

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above the Utokutu beds, composed of yellowish brown sandstone and green shale, and yellowish sandy shale Pliocene. Wuchuanshan Formation (2) Wuchuanshan Series Young C C, Bien M N, 1937, Cenozoic geology of the Kaolan-Yungteng area of central Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 16(1/4): 221-260 Wuquanshan (Wuchuanshan) in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province For gravel beds and clay Pleistocene.

Wudalianchi Basalt (2 ) Wudalianchi Volcanics Ogura Tsutomu, 1935, Volcano Movement in Manchuria, Volcano, 2(3) Wudalianchi, northwest of Dedu County, Heilongjiang Province For basalt Pleistocene-Holocene.

Wudang Formation () Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jian’ou Sheet Wudang (today Wudun) village, 9 km southeast of Shunchang County, Fujian Province For a component formation within the top of the Jian’ou Group Sinian.

Wudang Formation () Pan Jiang, Wang Shitao, Liu Yunpeng, 1975, The Early Devonian Agnathans

and Fish fossils from Southern China, in Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Wudang close to Guiyang City, Guizhou Province For purplish red, light gray siltstone, mudstone and quartzose sandstone Early Devonian. Wudaogou Member (2) Wudaogou Coal-bearing Member Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970,

Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jilin City Sheet, Panshi County Sheet Wudaogou in Jilin Province Late Jurassic. Wudaoliang Formation (2) Wudaoliang Group Gou Jin, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Cuorendejia Sheet, Wudaoliang Sheet Wudaoliang in Tanggula Township, Golmud City, Qinghai Province For carbonate rocks Miocene.

Wudaoling Formation (2) Wang Danqun et al., 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Binxian County Sheet, Wuchang County Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by Zheng Guangyuan Wudaoling in Heilongjiang Province For medium lava and tuffite with interbeds of sedimentary rocks Late Permian-Early Triassic Homonymous with Wutaoling Formation.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wudaotang Formation (2) Zhou Zhiqiang, Zheng Zhaochang, 1976, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Northwest China, (1) Wudaotang close to Suyukou, Helan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For dark gray silty and calcareous dolomite, limestone with interbeds of sandy shale Mid Cambrian. Wudaowan Group (2) Tang Kedong et al., 1992, Tectonic Evolution and Metallogenesis in the Fold Belt of Northern Side of Sino-Korea Plate, Beijing: Peking University Press Wudaowan close to Bainaimiao, Dorbod Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For sediments in marginal platform without volcanic rocks Early-Mid Ordovician. Wudi Formation (3) Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 254. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by No.2 Shandong Hydrological Geology Team Wudi County, Shandong Province Pleistocene. Wuduhe Formation (4) Wang Xiaofeng, Xiang Liwen, et al., 1981, Trilobita of Sanyutung Group and the Classification of Upper Cambrian Series, in Annual Report of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences [See also Wang Xiaofeng, Ni Shizhao, Zen Q L, Xu G H, Li Z H, Xiang L W, Lai Caigen, 1987, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Three Gorges Area (2), Early Paleozoic, Beijing: Geological Publishing House] Wuduhe in Yichang City, Hubei Province For Late Cambrian trilobita-bearing gray dolomite with siliceous nodule and bands Late Cambrian Wuduhe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Wu’erhe Group (3) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Str-

atigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Karamay Petroleum Research Team Wu’erhe in Karamay Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Permian. Wu’ersu Formation () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 116-117 Wu’ersu, 1.8 km southeast of Keankuduke Hasake Autonomous County, Balikun, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with the sum of the lower part of Huji’ersite Formation and Wulusubasitao Formation, for gray, grayish green, yellowish gray sandstone, with interbeds of limestone nodule or lenticle Mid Devonian.

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Wu’erta Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Wu’erta in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Cretaceous.

Wu’ertu Formation () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 144 Wu’ertu close to Qijiagou, south of Jimusaer, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For clastic rocks and carbonate rocks Late Carboniferous. Wufeng Formation (2) Wufeng Shale Sun Y C, Graptolite-bearing Strata of China, 1931, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 10(4): 291-300 Wufeng County, Hubei Province For the Late Or-

dovician graptolite-bearing strata part within the lower part of the Lungmachi Shale Late Ordovician Wufeng Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic or biostratigraphic meaning. Wufengshan Formation (2) Wufengshan Rock Formation Li Kaoshe, Bai Shengli, Li Wansheng, 1995, Stratigraphic redivision of Kuanping Group and Qinling Group in the middle segment of the Eastern Qinling Mountain, Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources of North China, 10(1): 93-98. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Wufengshan in Mangnan Area, Shangzhou City, Shaanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the bottom of the Kuanping Group, for marble with interbeds of quartzite Mesoproterozoic. Wufoshan Group (2) Wufoshan Series Zhang Erdao, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(2): 199-207 Wufoshan, south of Yunan, in Foguang Township, Yanshi County, Henan Province For yellow, gray, red siliceous limestone, yellow, yellowish green red slate and pink and grayish white quartzite Meso-Neoproterozoic.

Wufosi Formation (2) Cai Kaidi, 1993, Bull. Geol. Gansu, 1993, (supplement). First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Wang Dexu Wufosi in Jingtai County, Gansu Province For a series of purplish red with interbeds of grayish white clastic rocks between the local Yaogou Group and Dingjiayao Formation Early-Mid Triassic.

Wufoya Formation (2) Wufoya Beds Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 154. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Zhang Yunsheng et al. Wufoya in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

purplish red shale with interbeds of yellow, gray, thick-bedded massive sandstone Mid Jurassic. Wuga Group (5) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet Wuga in Tibet Autonomous Region Trias-

sic. Wugaikou Formation () Guan Shicong, 1957, Geological Review, 17(2): 196 Wugaikou, east of Langshan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Jurassic. Wugeshan Formation (2) Qian Jiaqi, Gong Baojun, 1981, Gansu Geology, (4) Wugeshan in Tuolaimu Township, Qilianshan Mountain, Gansu Province For light gray sandy and dolomitic limestone with interbeds of slate Mesoproterozoic. Wugongkou Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingwu Sheet Wugongkou in Pingwu County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of gray thin phyllite with interbeds of metamorphic sandstone or limestone lenticle, clay, silt and sandstone Sinian. Wugongya Formation () Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 29. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team Wugongya in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For thin banded sandstone, breccia limestone and dolomitic limestone Late Cambrian.

Wuhaxibi Formation ( 2) Zheng Zhaochang, Zhu Hong, 1987, Development of Palaeozoic Stratigraphy and Tectonic Development of the Margin of Alxa Block, in Palaeozoic Biostratigraphy and Tectonic Evolution of the Margin of Alxa Block, Wuhan: Wuhan College of Geology Press Wuhaxibi, 135 km east of Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray muddy limestone with interbeds of sandy limestone Early Permian. Wuhe Complex (2) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hefei Sheet, Dingyuan Sheet Wuhe County, Anhui Province For metamorphic rocks composed of deformed, metamorphic intrusion and epicrustal rocks Archean. Wuho Conglomerate (14) Huang T Y, 1990, Contribution to the Symposium of Stratigraphy Wuhe in Taiwan Province Conglomerate Paleocene.

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Wuholin Formation (2) Imaizumi R, 1952, Geology and Mineral Resources of Far East, Geographical Society of Tokyo, M-III-9a Wuhelin (Wuholin) station, close to Ning’an County, south of Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province For tuffite and sand-bearing sediments Neocene. Wuhsingshan Group (2) Wuhsingshan Series, geographic name Wuhsingshan was Romanized as Gogyozan by the Japanese (LSI) Aoji O, 1928, Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo, 44(10) Wuxingshan (Wuhsingshan), northwest of Jinjiachengzi, Fuxian County, Liaoning Province Dealing with the sum of Jinjia Formation (Wali Formation) and Kaochiatun Formation, for sandstone, shale, and limestone Proterozoic. Wuhsueh Formation ( ) Wuhsueh Limestone, Wusueh Limestone Chen S, 1935, The Division of the

Yangsing Limestone in Southeastern Hupeih, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 14(1): 63-66 Wuxue (Wuhsueh or Wusueh) County, Hubei Province For limestone Permian. Wuhsuehkuan Formation (2 ) Wuhsuehkuan Series Tian Benyu, Gao Fan, in Chang W Y, 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939, Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co., 102, table 8 Wuxueguan (Wuhsuehkuan) close to Shiguaizi, Daqingshan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For sandstone and shale with interbeds of coal seams Jurassic. Wuhu Formation (6 ) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of

Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 199. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Wuhu City, Anhui Province For bluish gray, grayish yellow gravel-bearing medium- to fine-grained sands, silt, clay, black muddy silt and silty mud Holocene. Wuhua Formation (2) Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 47. First appeared in a manuscript by Chen Jinbiao Wuhua in Hebei Province For volcanic rocks Cretaceous. Wuhutsui Limestone (2 ) Lee J S, Chao Y T, 1926, Classification and Correlation of Palaeozoic Coalbearing Formations in North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 5(2): 107-134 Wuhuzui (Wuhutsui), 45 km west of Pulandian Station, Liaoning Province For gray thick-bedded flint-bearing limestone, calcareous shale and gray shale, with gray clay and coal seams in the bottom Late Carboniferous Homonym: Wuhuzui Member.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wuhuzui member (2 ) An Taixiang, 1982, Study on the Cambrian Conodonts from North and Northeast China, Science Reports of the Institute of Geosciences University of Tsukuba, Section B–Geological Sciences, vol.3 Wuhuzui (Wuhutzui), 45 km west of Pulandian Station, Liaoning Province Dealing with beds of dolomite and limestone strata body, overlain by the Hsiapingchou Member of Early Ordovician Yehli Formation, and underlain by the Yanzhou Member of Late Cambrian Fengshan Formation Late Cambrian Homonymous with Wuhutsui Limestone; Wuhuzui Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic or biostratigraphic meaning. Wujiaba Formation (7) Zhu Weiyuan, 1988, Gansu Geology, (9): 16-22 Wujiaba in Gansu Province Mid Devonian. Wujiafang Formation () Zhao Ruxuan, Zhang Caifan, Xia Zhifen, Zuo Zibi, Liu Zuhan, 1978, Devonian

System of Hunan, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 68-89 Wujiafang in Taojiang County, Hunan Province Dealing with the Early Late Devonian continental clastic sediments, for grayish white quartzose sandstone, grayish yellow and purplish red sandstone, siltstone and rudite Late Devonian Wujiafang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Wujiagou Formation () Yao Zude, Ni Bingfang, 1990, The characteristics of Presinian metamorphic rocks in the Huili-Miyi-Yanbian Area, Regional Geology of China, no.2 (serial no.33) Wujiagou close to Shunhe, Huili County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of grayish white quartzite and schist Palaeoproterozoic. Wujiahe Formation () Wuxiahe Formation Fu Lipu, 1983, Silurian Stratigraphy of Bajiaokou, Ziyang

County, Shaanxi, Bulletin of Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (6): 1-18. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Xu Baozheng Wujiahe (original Wuxiahe) in Xiaozhen Township, Mingzhuba Area, Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For gray, grayish black quartzose sandstone, sandy slate, with interbeds of carbonaceous shales Early Silurian Wujiahe Formation, i.e. Wuxiahe Formation, synonymous with Wuxiahe Formation. Wujiaping Formation () Zhu Shixing, Chai Donghao, Huangfu Zemin, et al., 1975, On Precambrian Geology and Stratigraphy of Zhongtiaoshan, Shanxi, in Proceedings of the Professional Meeting on Precambrian Stratigraphy of North China Wujiaping in Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province For the lower part of quartzite within a local unpublished so-called Wujiaping Formation Palaeoproterozoic.

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Wujiashan Formation () Zhou Weijun, 1983, Acta Sedimentologica Sinia, 1(4) Wujiashan, 6 km northwest of Wangmo Township, Chengxian County, Gansu Province For pink, grayish white marble, black carbonaceous phyllite, dolomite, conglomerate, sandstone and rudite Late Silurian Homonymous with Wuchiashan Shale.

Wujiayu Limestone () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 148. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Wujiayu in Nanchagou, Western Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For a component limestone within the Taiyuan Formation Early Permian. Wujiayuan Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 95. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Huang Weipei Wujiayuan, 0.5 km northwest of Bidong, Longshan County, Hunan Province For grayish green, yellowish green silty shale, muddy siltstone with interbeds of gray thin crystalline limestone, biolimestone and sandstone Mid Silurian. Wukueishan Gravel (5) Teihard de Chardin P, Young C C, 1935, The Cenozoic Sequence in the Yangtze Valley, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 14(2): 161-178 Wuguishan (Wukueishan) close to Fentou, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For gravel beds Pliocene.

Wukuepao Conglomerate (5) Hou T F, Chao C H, Chian S C, Cao K C, 1944, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (6) Wuguibao (Wukuepao), 10 km southeast of Qianjiang County, Sichuan Province For breccia Late Cretaceous Synonym: Heishangou Formation.

Wukung Gneiss () Kao P, Hsu K C, 1943, Geology of West Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (16) Wugongshan (Wukungshan) in Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province For amphibolitic gneiss and granitic gneiss Presinian. Wulagen Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Xinjiang Department of Petroleum Geology Wulagen in Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For brown mudstone with interbeds of sandstone Eocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wulai Formation ( ) Ishikawa Y, 1929, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 36(429) Wulai village in Taipei County, Taiwan Province For black slate with interbeds of sandstone, shale, tuffite and agglomerate Eocene-Oligocene.

Wulalike Formation ( ) Wulalike Beds Guan Shicong, Che Shuzheng, 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica, 35(2): 95-108 Wulalike in southern Gandeer Mountain, Otog Banner, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For carbonaceous and siliceous shale, black carbonaceous shale, with interbeds of thin limestone Early-Mid Ordovician.

Wulanbuge Formation () Wang Banyue, Chang Jiang, Meng Xianjia, Chen Jinrong, 1981, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 19(1): 26-34 Wulanbuge between Hujiertu and Yikenbulage, in Qianlishan Distict, Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For purplish red mudstone and sandy mudstone, grayish white and yellow sandstone Oligocene.

Wulanbulage Formation () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Wulanbulage in Gansu Province Early Silurian. Wulandawu Formation () Qian Jiaqi, Gong Baojun, 1986, Gansu Geology, (4) Wulandawu in Tianjun County, Qinghai Province For rhythmic beds composed of light metamorphic clastic rocks and carbonate rocks Mesoproterozoic Synonymous with Nan-

baishuihe Formation. Wulang Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Gongliu Sheet. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by He Mingyu Wulang close to Shikebutai, Xinyuan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish brown andesite, trachyte with interbeds of yellowish brown coarse-grained sandstone, rudite and muddy sandstone Early Permian. Wulanhaxia Group () Liang Yuzuo, 1991, in Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 61 Wulanhaxia in Bayinxibie District, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For the sum of Haishenghala Formation and Zhulazhagamaodao Formation Neoproterozoic Wulanhaxia Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Wulanhudong Formation ( ) Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, Xu Changcheng, 1984, Geological Review, 30(2): 46, 47 Wulanhudong close to Baiyanhuashan in Shetai Township, Wulate Qian Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For dark gray, blackish gray thick limestone and calcareous sandstone Mid Ordovician. Wulanhushao Formation () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 277. First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by No.3 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Wulanhushao close to Qinggeletu, Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish yellow, grayish white sandstone, conglomerate with interbeds of lateritic red mudstone, sandy mudstone, muddy siltstone and marls Late Cretaceous Wulanhushao Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Wulansuhai Formation ( ) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Ge-

ology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 274. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team Wulansuhai, north of Wuliji, Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For brownish red, purplish red, grayish yellow mudstone with interbeds of lateritic red siltstone, gypsum and limestone lenticle, and with conglomerate in the bottom Late Cretaceous. Wulantuke Formation () Zhang Xingjing, 1983, Exploration and Development of Oil, (4) Wulantuke close to to Linhe City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Dealing with the underground strata, for alternating beds of brownish red mudstone and grayish yellow, light gray fine-grained sandstone, with inert beds of marls and conglomerate, with gypsum commonly Pliocene. Wulanwusu Formation () Zhang Zhongxiu, Bai Gongqun, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Keketieke Sheet Wulanwusu in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Ordovician.

Wulaofeng Sandstone (2) Wulaofeng Grit Yu T Y, 1937, Sinian stratigraphy of the Yangtze valley, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 16(2): 29-40 Wulaofeng in Lushan, Jiangxi Province For grayish white or pink thick-bedded quartzose sandstone, with thin phyllite in the upper part, and with interbeds of conglomerate in the middle part Sinian.

1194

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wulapo Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Xie Zukui Wulapo close to Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region A component formation within the bottom of the Jijicaozi Group, for alternating beds of siltstone and mudstone with oil Late Permian. Wulashan Group () Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhuozi Sheet Wulashan in Zhuozi County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For the sum of Shaolingou Formation, Tao’erwan Formation, Naobaoshan Formation and Xiaozigou Formation Archean. Wulate Formation ( ) Zhang Xingjing, 1983, Exploration and Development of Oil, (4) Wulate in Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Dealing with the underground

strata, for alternating beds of brown massive conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, parti-coloured fine-grained sandstone and mudstone Eocene. Wuli Group (*) Wuli Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 19, chart 53. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Qinghai-Tibet Geology Team of Wuli Coal Mining Coal Mining in the northern slope of Tanggula Mountain, Qinghai Province For gray thin fine-grained sandstone, grayish green sandstone with interbeds of dark gray sandstone with interbeds of thin conglomerate, and with 5 beds of coal seams in the lower part Permian. Wulian Group (2) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Rizhao Sheet Wulian County, Shandong Province For the sum of Haiyankou Formation and Kunshan Formation Palaeoproterozoic.

Wuliang Complex (3+) Wuliang Metamorphic Complex Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 497. First appeared in a manuscript by Meng H M Wuliang Hills, west of Jingdong County, Yunnan Province For metamorphic complex composed of gneiss, schist with quartzite bands Proterozoic. Wuliangsi Beds (2 ) Wuliangsi Fluvial Beds, Chaganguole Moraine Chen Huahui ed., 1994, Explanatory for 1:1 500 000 Scale of Quaternary Geological Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 14, 18, table 2 Wuliangsi close to the estuary of Urumqi River, in the southern margin of Junggar Basin,

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Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with the glacial proluvial sandy gravel and detritus beds, for grayish yellow, light red rudite and breccia with interbeds of loess Pleistocene. Wuliangtai Basalt () Compiling Group for Hebei Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province, Tianjin Municipality and Beijing Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Wuliangtai in Hebei Province For basalt Pleistocene. Wulichuan Formation (2) Wulichuan Group Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luanchuan Sheet Wulichuan in Lushi County, Henan Province For conglomerate and gravel-bearing coarsegrained sandstone, with alternating beds of phyllite and siltstone in the upper part, and with shales and mudstone Late Triassic.

Wulidian Formation (2 ) Wilidian Beds Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 77. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Henan Hydrological Geology Team Wulidian in Xinyang Area, Henan Province For grayish green sand-bearing clay and gray sands and gravels Pleistocene.

Wulidun Formation (2) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongbai Sheet Wulidun in Tongbai County, Henan Province For alternating beds of gray, green, grayish yellow siltstone, sandstone and sandy mudstone or shale Eocene.

Wuliegai Formation (') Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Cai Tuci ed.), 1999, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (32), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 27. First appeared in a 1995 manuscript by Du Tianxing Wuliegai in Balikun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For calcareous siltstone, sandstone, banded marble, volcanic clastic rocks, schist, gneiss and migmatite Mid-Late Ordovician. Wuligezitage Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 48, 49 Wuligezitage in Yili County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For crystalline limestone and mudstone Late Ordovician.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wuligou Group ( ) No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qilianshan Sheet Wuligou in Subei County, Gansu Province For volcanic clastic rocks with limestone in the top Early-Mid Ordovician A group without any formations deviates the procedures of strati-

graphical classification. Wuliguan Member (2 ) Wuliguan Formation, Wuliguan Sandstone Member Mu Enzhi, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Junyuan, Rong Jiayu, 1977, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Nanjing, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Wiliguan in Sandu County, Guizhou Province Dealing with a member winthin the top of the Guotang Formation, for gray, grayish yellow, yellow calcareous and muddy siltstone, fine-grained sandstone and quartzose sandstone, with silty clay, biolimestone lenticle and a few calcareous dolomite Early Ordovician. Wulin Formation () Yang Xuelin, Lih Baohsien, Li Wenben, et al., 1978, Younger Mesozoic conti-

nental strata of the Jaohe Basin, Jilin, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(2): 131-145 Wulin, 7 km east of Jiaohe County, Jilin Province A component formation

within the upper part of the Jiaohe Group, for mudstone and clastic rocks with interbeds of coal seams Early Cretaceous. Wulinshan Formation (4) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 210-215 Wulinshan in Qianshan County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with a coal-bearing series, for grayish white, dark yellow and purple quartzose sandstone, siltstone and shale with coal seams Late Permian. Wulipai Formation (24) Wulipai Shale Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 55. First appeared in a manuscript by Mu Enzhi & Sheng Jinzhang Wulipai in Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province For black, greenish yellow, dark green shale Early Cambrian.

Wulipo Beds (2) Wulipo Member Rong Jiayu, 1979, The Hirnantia fauna of China with comments on the Ordovician-Silurian boundary, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(1): 1-29 Wulipo close to Guanyan, Meitan County, Guizhou Province For the yellowish green shales and mudstone with Eospirigerina-bearing shell facies fossils (i.e. the upper part of the local Kuanyinchiao Beds) within the middle part of the local Lungmachi Formation Early Silurian Wulipo Beds is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Wulipu Formation (2) Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 261 Wulipu in Ankang County, Shaanxi Province For brownish yellow clayey silt with interbeds of white clay nodule Holocene. Wulong Formation () Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Wulong in Dongchuan County, Yunnan Province For a part of the Ciying Formation today Pliocene. Wulong Formation ( ) Sun Dongli et al., 2000, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chi-

nese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979–1999), Hefei: China University of Science and Technology Press, 187 Wulong in Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Early Jurassic Wulong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Wulonggou Formation (2) Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Wulonggou in Golmud City, Qinghai Province For dark gray siliceous limestone and biolimestone Early Carboniferous. Wulongtun Formation (2) Xie Guisheng et al., 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinglonggou Sheet, Humazhen Sheet Wulongtun in Duobaoshan Basin, Heilongjiang Province For sedimentary rocks with interbeds of tuffite Early-Mid Ordovician. Wululong Group () Chen Chuzhen, Wang Yujing, 1984, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 141-155 Wululong, west of Panduo, Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish black thin limestone and black slate Late Permian Wululong Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Wuluochipu Formation () Wuluochipu Group No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet Wuluochipu close to Zhongzan, Batang County, Sichuan Province For metamorphic sandstone and limestone with interbeds of mudstone Mid Ordovician Wuluochipu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wulusubasitao Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongliuxia Sheet Wulusubasitao in Balikun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed of arkose, tuffite and biolimestone Mid Devonian. Wumaling Limestone (2) Kao P, Hsu K C, (1940) 1943, Geology of West Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (16): 21 Wumaling (Huitoushan), 6 km east of Yongxian County, Jiangxi Province For limestone Early Permian.

Wumaqing Formation (2) Liao Hongchang, Yang Yingjie, 1984, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Sichuan, (21) Wumaqing close to Yakou, Miyi County, Sichuan Province For schist and leptynite Palaeoproterozoic.

Wuming Beds (&) See Wuning Group. Wumishan Formation (4") Wumishan Limestone Kao C S, Hsiung Y H, Kao P, 1934, Preliminary Notes on Sinian Stratigraphy of North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(2): 243-288 Wumishan in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality For limestone Proterozoic. Wumuhe Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 218. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript of classified material by No.1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Wumuhe in Wumu Township, Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province For the middle part of the original Boda Formation Late Triassic. Wuning Group () Wuning Red Beds, Wuming Red Beds (Lee J S, 1939, 457, 526, a slip of the pen) Wang C C, 1930, Geology of the Shiushui Valley, Kiangsi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14): 13-17 Wuning County, Jiangxi Province For red clay in the upper part interstratified with gravel and conglomerate in the middle part, and conglomerate at the base Tertiary. Wunitang Formation (8) Liu Yiren, Fu Hanying, 1989, Journal of Stratigraphy, 13(3). First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Wunitang close to Baisha, Huaqiao, Huaihua County, Hunan Province For carbonaceous banded shale, dolomitic limestone, dolimite limestone and marls Early-Mid Cambrian.

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Wunuerh Formation (8) Wunuerh Reef Limestone or Unor Reef Limestone, Wunuerh was Romanized as d’Ounuer by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China &

Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 7, chart 2. First appeared in a 1951 manuscript by Liu Guochang Wunuer (Wunuerh) station on Zhong-Chang railway line, Da Hingganling, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of muddy limestone, thick-bedded crystalline limestone and banded phyllitic shale Mid Devonian. Wuping Formation () Wuping Coal Series Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 58 Wuping in Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province For coal measures Jurassic.

Wuqia Group () Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic Erathem of

China, Beijing: Science Press, 26-27. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Wang Zhiwu Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish brown clastic rocks below the so called greenish brown beds Oligocene. Wuqiangxi Formation (2) Compiling Group for Hunan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1964, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of East China: Hunan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Precambrian Stratigraphic Working Group of Xiang-Gui-Qian Three Provinces For quartzose sandstone, metamorphic conglomerate, tuffite and slate Neoproterozoic. Wuqiaogou Formation (2) Yan Zhiqiang, 1994, Journal of Stratigraphy, 18(1): 30-38 Wuqiaogou in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Mesoproterozoic.

Wuqingna Formation ( ) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Wuqingna close to Tuoma, Qamdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish black limestone with interbeds of flint bands Early Carboniferous.

Wushahe Formation ( ) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mengla Sheet, Shangyong Sheet Wushahe in Mojiang County, Yunnan Province For the upper part of the Jingxing Formation Early Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wushan Formation (9) Wushan Quartzite Chang W Y, 1952, The Geology of China (Lee J S, 1939), Shanghai: Zhengfeng Book Co., 121, table 119 Dawushan in Fengyang County, Anhui Province For grayish white quartzite Neoproterozoic. Wushan Limestone (5) Blackwelder E, 1907, in Willis, Blackwelder, 1907, Research in China, vol.I, pt.1, 274 Wushan County, Sichuan Province For limestone Permian Homonym: Wushan Loess. Wushan Loess (5) Liu Xingshi, 1982, Physiographic Cycle in Sichuan Basin, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1982, Contribution to the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 16-19 Wushan in Sichuan Province For loess Pleistocene Homonymous with Wushan Limestone. Wushao Formation () Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Suzhou, Wuxi Sheet Wushao in Jiangsu Province Mid Cambrian Wushao Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Wushe Formation (4) Wushe Series Lin C C, 1954, Geology of Taiwan, in Taiwan Hsin-chih, China Culture Publishing Foundation Wushe, a mountain village located in Nantou County, Taiwan Province For the sum of Bondon Member and Nengkao Member Eocene. Wushihkeng Formation ( ) Geographic name Wushihkeng was Romanized as Usekiko by the Japanese (LSI) Torii K, 1935, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Tosei Sheet Wushihkeng stream in Taichung County, Taiwan Province For the lower sub-

division of the Kurasu Formation, consists mainly of bluish gray sandstone and a minor portion of white sandstone Eocene. Wushihmen Limestone () Grabau A W, 1923–1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.I, Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 434. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang C C, Wang’s paper was published in 1930 Wushimen (Wushihmen) Town, 4 km northwest of De’an County, Jiangxi Province For limestone Early Ordovician Synonym: Changyuan Limestone. Wushihsanti Formation (2 /") Wushihsanti Series Huang T K, Tseng T C, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 253-255 Wushisanti (Wushihsanti) in Huayingshan, Sichuan Province For marls Permian.

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Wushijian Formation () Ma Changxin, Liu Ronggui, Lu Guide, Presinian Geology of Northeastern Jiangxi, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Wushijian in Jiangxi Province Neoport-

erozoic. Wushijiang Group ( ) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Guangxi Province Wushijiang in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Ordovician A group without any formations deviates the

procedures of stratigraphical classification. Wushinanshan Group () Gao Zhenjia, Wang Wuyan, 1985, Presinian System of Xinjiang, Urumqi: Xin-

jiang People’s Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Zhang Taiyan Wushinanshan in Akesu, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of You’ermeinake Formation, Sugaitebulake Formation and Qigebulake Formation Sinian. Wusiaoling Limestone (4) Wusiaoling Marl Li C, Chu S, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (9): 76 Wushaoling (Wusiaoling) in Gucheng County, Hubei Province For grayish white coarse-grained marls Oligocene.

Wusongge’er Formation () Cheng Shoude, 1979, Regional Geological Survey of Xinjiang, (1): 2-7. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Zhang Tairong Wusongge’er, 50 km northeast of Keping County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mid Cambrian Wusong-

ge’er Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Wusueh Limestone i.e. Wuhsueh Formation. Wusuli Formation () Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River

Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol.1, Beijing: Science Press Wusuli river in Heilongjiang Province For carbonaceous sandstone and shale Mid Jurassic. Wusushan Group (4") No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linxia Sheet Wusushan in Yongji County, Gansu Province For a series of marine clastic and volcanic rocks Ordovician

1202

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wutai Group (2) Wutai Schichten, Wutai Formation Richthofen F von, 1882, China, bd.II Wutai Mountain, Shanxi Province For green schist, with interbed of quartzite, calcareous schist, gneiss, a few slates and phyllites with interbeds of marble and quartzite Archean. Wutang Group () Wutang Schist, Wutangshan Group Lee C, Chu S, 1930, Chihkan Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (9) Wudang (Wutang) Mountain, Hubei Province For schist Presinian.

Wutangkou Formation (2) Wutangkou Series Lee H H, 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(4): 411-436 Wudanggou (Wutangkou) close to Shiguaizi, southeast of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish white, grayish yellow coarse-grained sandstone with interbeds of sandy shale Early-Mid Jurassic. Wutankule Formation (+) Xinjiang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1987, Carboniferous and Permian Systems and Its Biofauna of Keping Area, Xinjiang, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1-275 Wutankule close to Subashi, Keping County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, gray, purplish red siltstone, muddy siltstone, calcareous conglomerate, bio-clasitic-limestone with interbeds of sandstone and shale Early Permian. Wutaoling Formation (2) Ueda F, Sasakura M, 1937, Geol. Geogr. Southwest Manchuria Wudaoling (Wutaoling) in Lingyuan County, Liaoning Province Carboniferous-Permian Homonym: Wudaoling Formation.

Wuting Formation (2) Endo R, 1932, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull., (164): 15 Wuding (Wuting) Hills, 3 km south of Huazi Town, east of Yantai, Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province For limestone Mid Ordovician. Wuting Formation () Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 94 Widing (Wuting) County, Liaoning Province For dolomite Ordovician Homonym: Wuting Group. Wuting Group () Wuting Series Wang H C, 1942, The stratigraphical position of the Devonian fish-bearing series of east Yunnan with a special discussion on the Tiaomachien Formation of central Hunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 22(3/4): 217-226 Wuding

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(Wuting) County, Yunnan Province Mid Devonian Homonymous with Wuting Formation. Wutingho Sandstone () Wang C C, 1925, On the stratigraphy of the north Shensi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(1): 57-66 Wudinghe (Wutingho) in northern Shaanxi Province For sandstone Jurassic. Wutong Formation (:) Yao Qingyuan, He Zhaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary on the Quaternary Stratigraphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 77-83 Wutong village, Xiamen Island, Fujian Province Composed of brownish yellow sandy clay, blackish gray carbonaceous ooze and coarse-grained sands Holocene. Wutonggou Formaion (1) (: 1) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jimusaer Sheet. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Tang Zukui Wutonggou close to Jimusaer, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the top of the Cangfanggou Group, for dark red, grayish green mudstone with interbeds of sandstone, and with oil shales Late Permian Homonym: Wutonggou Formation (2). Wutonggou Formaion (2) (: 2) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Wenguo ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (15), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 99. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Wutonggou, west of Beishan coal mining, Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks with interbeds of black shales and sandstones Permian Homonymous with Wutonggou Formation (1). Wutou Shale () Wutou Yellow Shale Beds Liu H S, Wang C H, 1939, Geology and mineral resources between Nanchang and Chinhsien, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (2) Wutou, northwest of Guixi County, Jiangxi Province For yellow shale Cretaceous or Tertiary. Wutsao Formation (&) Wutsao Coal Series Yan C T, 1932, Bull. Geol. Surv. Chechiang, (1); Lee T, Chin W K, 1932, Report of Mineral Resources Survey of Chekiang, (2) Wuzao (Wutsao) village in Yiwu County, Zhejiang Province For yellowish green and yellowish white sandstone with interbeds of shale, conglomerate and 9 beds of coal seams Late Triassic-Early Jurassic.

1204

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wutsun Shale () Witsun Series Yoh S S, 1927-1928, Preliminary report on the geology and mineral resources of Nan Tan Hsien, Ho Chi Hsien, Ishan Hsien, Ma Ping Hsien and Hsiang Hsien, northern Kwangsi Province, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.1, 97-124 Wucun (Wutsun), 25 km west of Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For shale with interbeds of limestone Mid Devonian Synonym: Yuchiang Formation. Wutsunpu Formation (2) Grabau A W, 1928, Stratigraphy of China, pt. II, Mesozoic, 665, 771 Wucunpu (Wutsunpu) soy, 9 km east of Huating County, Gansu Province For yellow, red, green sandstone with interbeds of gray, blue shale and bluish gray fine-grained thinbedded limestone Early Cretaceous. Wutu Formation (28) Yen T P, Chen P Y, 1953, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Taipei, Tatungshan and Juifeng Sheet, Geological Survey of Taiwan Wutu village, north of Tungtu, Taipei County, Taiwan Province Composed chiefly of coarse- to medium-grained white sandstone and sub ornate gray shale with thin coal seams in the upper and middle parts Miocene. Wutu Formation (2) Zhou Mingzhen, Li Chuankui, 1965, Homogalax and Heptodon of Shandong, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 9(1): 15-21 Wutu, 10 km southeast of Changle County, Shandong Province For parti-coloured conglomerate, rudite, with interbeds of sandy mudstone, sandstone with interbeds of oil shale, mudstone and coal seams Eocene. Wutubulake Formation () Hou Hongfei, Xiang Liwen, Lai Caigen, Lin Baoyu, 1979, Advances in the

Palaeozoic Stratigraphy of Tianshan-Xingan Region, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(3): 175-187 Wutubulake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Devonian. Wutuku Beds (G) Geographic name Wutuku was Romanized as Utokutu by the Japanese (LSI) Gan S, 1940, Geology of the Sankyu District, Kaizan-gun, Taihoku Prefecture, Taiwan, Taiwan Tigaku Kizi, 11(3-4) Wutuku close to Tachi, Taoyuan County, Taiwan Province For fine- or medium-grained, brown sandstone with interbeds of shales or sandy shales Miocene. Wutung Formation (2) Wutung Quartzite Ting V K, 1919, Shanghai Harbour Investigation, ser.I, (1): 1-83 Wutong Hill (Wutungshan), 25 km northwest of Meishan, Changxing County, Zhejiang Province For quartzite Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous The “Wutung Quartzite” in Longtan Section, Nanjing can not be correlated with the Wutung

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Formation in Changxing, Zhejiang Province. It is a “teratoma” made by Lee J S (1930). Wutung Quartzite () i.e. Wutung Formation. Wutungchuan Limestone (:) Wutungchuan Series, geographic name Wutungchuan was Romanized as Outountsiouan by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 66, chart 11 Wutongquan (Wutungchuan), northwest of Mingshui or east of Kushi station, Hami County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone Carboniferous-Permian.

Wuwanggou Formation () Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Wuwanggou in Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province For calcareous and sandy slate with interbeds of marls Late Devonian. Wuwanhougou Formation () Wuwanhougou Sandstone and Shale Yan Lianquan, Han Yingshan, (?), Report

of Geology and Mineral Resources of Western Henan, Kaifeng, Central-South Institute of Geological Survey Wuwanhougou in Yiyang County, Henan Province For gray thin quartzite, yellowish brown thick quartzose sandstone, green shale, oolitic hematite quartzite Proterozoic. Wuxi Member (:) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Liu Yaguang Wuxi in Liweiji Township, Dongxiang County, Jiangxi Province A component member of the Ehuling Formation, for a set of rhyolite, andesite, with interbeds of tuffite Late Jurassic. Wuxiahe Formation (2) No.3 Division of Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1963, Atlas of Fos-

sils of Qinling, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Xian Liwen, Lin Baoyu & Nan Runshan Wuxiahe (today Wujiahe) in Mingzhuba Area, Ganggao County, Shaanxi Province For gray, black quartzose sandstone, sandy slate with interbeds of carbonaceous shales Early Silurian Synonym: Wujiahe Formation.

1206

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wuxiangling Formation (2 ) Xian Siyuan, Wang Shoude, et al., 1980, Devonian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Nadan Type of South China, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House Wuxiangling close to Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For silicalite and siliceous mudstone Mid Devonian. Wuxingzhen Formation (2) No.707 Geology Team of Heilongjiang Bureau of Metallurgy and Guo Hongjun, 1978, Metallurgical Geology of Heilongjiang, (1) Wuxingzhen in Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province For gray marble with interbeds of carbonaceous slate and sandy slate Early Cambrian. Wuxueling Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Taihu Sheet Wuxueling in Susong County, Anhui Province For fresh red sandy conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone with interbeds of sandstone Oligocene. Wuxun Formation (

)

Zhang Wentang, 1979, Cambrian of Southwestern China, in Nanjing Institute

of Geology and Palaeontology ed., 1979, Carbonate Stratigraphy in Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Zhang Zhenghua, Zhou Zhiyi, et al. Wuxun close to Nangao, Danzhai County, Guizhou Province For grayish green, yellowish green shale, mudstone with interbeds of dolomitic limestone and calcareous mudstone Early Cambrian. Wuyangshan Member (2) Liang Zongwei, 1987, Geological Information of Shandong, (2) Wuyangshan in Boshan area, Zibo City, Shandong Province For the component member within the local Majiagou Formation Early Ordovician. Wuye Formation () Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jianhe Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Zhao Huachen Wuye in Xutang Township, Congjiang County, Guizhou Province For silty slate and phyllite with interbed of blastosandstone Mesoproterozoic. Wuyi Formation (#) Wang H S, Lee C Y, 1930, Geological Reconnaissance along the Nanking-Nanping Section of the projected line from Nanking to Canton, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14): 7-11 Wuyi Mountain in Chong’an County, Fujian Province For alternating beds of volcanic rocks and clastic rocks Cretaceous. Wuyishan Formation (2$) Sun Jianzhong, 1991, in Sun Jianzhong, Zhao Jingbo, 1991, Quaternary of Loess Plateau, Beijing: Science Press, 81-82 Wuyishan in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province

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For sand and gravel beds, and fluvial loess Holocene.

Wuyitake Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Xinjiang Department of Petroleum Geological Survey Wiyitake at the lower reaches of Ganzi river, southwest of Aketao County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation within the lower part of the Yingjisha Group, for dark red, parti-coloured mudstone and gypsum mudstone with interbeds of sandstone Late Cretaceous. Wuyu Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze, Yadong Sheet Wuyu close to Mangxiang Township, Nanmulin County, Tibet Autonomous Region For coal- and oi-bearing clastic rocks and volcanic rocks Pliocene.

Wuyuan Formation (2) Zhang Xingjing, 1983, Exploration and Development of Oil, (4) Wuyuan County, Ulan Chabu Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For purplish brown,

grayish green, bluish gray mudstone, siltstone, with interbeds of marl and limestone Miocene.

Wuyun Formation () Wuyun Series Horiuchi K, Morita H, Shiota I, 1937, Geology and Geography of North Manchuria, South Manchuria Railway Co. Wuyun Town in Jiayin County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of grayish white clay, quartzose sand-

stone and sandy shale, with interbeds of black carbonaceous shale and lignite beds, and with plant and fresh water shell fossils Eocene. Wuyunshan Formation () Zaho Jiaxiang, Wang Wantong, Shen Qingrong, 1950, Recent Notes on Mineral Resources Survey, (109) Wuyunshan, 35 km northeast of Dingyuan County, Anhui Province For coarse-grained, dark purple, fresh red, purplish gray, yellowish red, grayish white sandstone, sandy shale, with interbeds of parti-coloured marls Tertiary.

Wuzhiling Formation (2) Wuzhiling Schist Zhang Bosheng, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 79-80 Wuzhiling, 7 km northwest of Gongxian County, Henan Province For alter-

nating beds of schist and quartzite, with phyllite, slate and limestone in the upper part Palaeoproterozoic.

1208

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Wuzhuang Formation () Liang Yuehan, 1981, Bulletin of Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (3) Wuzhuang in Xuchang Area, Henan Province For a component formation within the local Tengfung Complex Archean. Wuziping Group (9) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Hubei Integrated Geology Research Team Wuziping in Shennongjia Forestry Area, Hubei Province i.e. Shicaohe Formation Proterozoic New name for Shicaohe Formation. Wuzunbulake Formation () Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 94 Wuzunbulake close to Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, purplish brown sandstone, fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, with phyllite and marble locally Early Silurian. Wuzunsayi Group ( ) Li Yongan, 1984, Xinjiang Geology, 7(3) Wuzunsayi close to Duwa, Pishan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, grayish red silt-

stone with interbeds of black siltstone, sandstone with interbeds of sandy mudstone Triassic.

X Xainza Formation () Ni Yunan, Xu Hankui, Chen Tingen, 1981, Boundary of Ordovician and Silurian in the Xainza Area, Tibet, Journal of Stratigraphy, 5(2): 146-147 Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the dark gray marls and yellow silty and calcareous mudstone belongs to late Wufengian Age Late Ordovician Xainza Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Xiaba Conglomerate () Shi Yafeng, Yang Huairen, 1942, Temporary Report of the Department of Mineral Resources Survey, (36) Xiaba close to Xiaoliuchang, 15 km north of Xiuwen County, Guizhou Province For conglomerate Tertiary.

Xiabaicheng Formation ( ) Bai Jin et al., 1984, Early Precambrian Geology of Eastern Hebei, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press Xiabaicheng in Chengde City, Hebei Province For a component formation within the Shuangshanzi Group Archean. Xiacaowan Formation ( ) Xiacaowan Series Yang Zhongjian, Zhou Mingzhen, 1955, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 3(1) Xiacaowan village, 5 km southeast of Shuanggou Town, Sihong County, Jiangsu Province For calcareous sandstone and mudstone Miocene. Xiachengzi Formation () No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mulengzhen Sheet, Dongning County Sheet Xiachengzi Township in Muleng County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of gray, grayish yellow sandstone and mudstone Early Cretaceous. Xiachuan Formation () Wang Xingwu, 1979, Regional Geological Survey, (2). First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Wang Jian, Wang Xiangqian & Cheng Zhefu Xiachuan village in Qinshui County, Shanxi Province For gravels beds with interbeds of red clay Pleistocene. Xiacun Formation () Hou Liwei, Luo Daixi, Fu Deming, Hu Shihua, Li Kaiyuan, 1991, Evolution of Triassic Sediments and Tectonics of Western Sichuan and Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiacun in Sichuan Province Late Triassic. Xiacun Formation (1) ( 1) Cao Baosen, 1982, Geological Review, 28(5): 490-491 Xiacun, south of Tangpu, Yongding County, Fujian Province For ridite, sandstone and mudstone Early Jurassic Homonym: Xiacun Formation (2), Xiacun Group.

1210

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xiacun Formation (2) ( 2) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 268. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Zhong Keng et al. Xiacun in Hepu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Eocene Homonymous with Xiacun Formation (1). Xiacun Group () Yao Zude, Ni Bingfang, 1990, The characteristics of Presinian metamorphic rocks in the Huili-Miyi-Yanbian area, Sichuan Provinces, and their age, Regional Geology of China, no.2 (serial no.33), 166-172 Xiacun in Huili County, Sichuan Province For the schist and quartzite, included Gongshan Formation, Wujiagou Formation, Xiaohuangtian Formation and Hetaowan Formation Palaeoproterozoic Homonymous with Xiacun Formation (1). Xiadi Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 123. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Northwest Sichuan Geology Team Xiadi village in Zhanwa Township, Ruo’ergai, Sichuan Province For sandy and muddy slate with interbeds of siliceous slate and siliceous bands Mid Silurian. Xiadian Formation ( ) Pei Wenzhong, Zou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team Xiadian in Hebei Province For blackish gray shale with interbeds of coal seams Jurassic Synonymous with Nandian Formation (2). Xiadongshan Formation () Gu Zugang et al., 1992, Journal of Stratigraphy, 16(2). First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by No.5 Element of Qinghai Integrative Geology Team Xiadongshan in Longhua County, Qinghai Province For lateritic red, brownish red, gray, brown mudstone, siltstone, and sandstone, with interbeds of conglomerate Miocene.

Xia’ertai Group () No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Siping-Kangping Sheet Xia’ertai in Changtu County, Jilin Province For the sum of Panling Formation, Huangdingzi Formation, Shaojiyun Formation and Wangxiangtun Formation Ordovician- Silurian. Xiafang Formation () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yichun Sheet Xiafang in Xinyu County, Jiangxi Province

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For grayish green, dark gray, and grayish black phyllite Early Sinian.

Xiafuqiao Formation (#) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of

Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 167. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Xiafuqiao in Huoshan County, Anhui Province Dealing with the component formation within the local Heishidu Formation, for dark red strata Early Cretaceous. Xiagou Formation () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Niu Shaowu Xiagou in Qingquan Township, Yumen City, Gansu Province Dealing with a component formation with in the Xinminpu Group, for purplish red, brownish yellow, grayish green, gray, grayish black clastic rocks with interbeds of mudstone and marls Early Cretaceous. Xiagu’ercuo Group () Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1962, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 92. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Wang Wenbin Xiagu’ercuo Lake in northern Tibet Autonomous Region For black shale and flint nodule- and pyritebearing limestone Mid Devonian.

Xiahe Group () Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xi Wenxian, Pei Fang ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (41), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Henan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 74. First appeared in a 1993 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Xiahe in Shaanxi County, Henan Province For schist, marble (included Zhaigen Formation and Jiepai Formation) Mesoproterozoic. Xiahetu Formation () Kong Xiangsheng, Li Zhifei, Feng Changgen, Gu Mingguang, Ma Jianping, 1995,

Precambrian Geology in Chencai Group Area, Zhejiang, 7, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiahetu village, close to Chencai, Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with a component formation within the Chencai Group, for marble, quartz schist, quartzite, leucogranulite, leptynite and gneiss Mesoproterozoic. Xiaheweitan Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiaheweitan close to Tianshuihai, Hetian County,

1212

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, light grayish white dolomitic limestone, breccia limestone and quartzite, with interbeds of siltstone Early Triassic. Xiahu Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 74. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Xiahushan in Xincheng Township, Dayu County, Jiangxi Province For purplish red shale with interbeds of grayish black carbonaceous shale, and with interbeds of sandstone, rudite and limestone Eocene-Oligocene. Xiahuancang Formation (! ) Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiahuancang in Tianjun County, Qinghai Province For purplish red quartzose sandstone, grayish green sandstone and siltstone Early-Mid Triassic. Xiahuangkeng Formation ( ) Nanling Regional Geological Survey Team (No.761 Team), 1959, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shaoguan Sheet Xiahuangkeng, 50 km east of Qujiang County, Guangdong Province For black shale with interbeds of quartzite and silicalite Early Ordovician.

Xiahuayuan Formation ( ) Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Shengzhi ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (13), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hebei Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 77. First appeared in a 1950 manuscript by Tian Benyu & Yang Zhijia Xiahuayuan in Hebei Province For coal series Jurassic. Xiahui Member (") Zhang Xianqiu, 1984, Division and biota of the Luofozhai Group in the Pin-

gling section of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 239-253 Xiahui, 1 km south of Shitang, Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province Dealing with a component member within the Shanghu Formation, for dark brown silty mudstone Paleocene. Xiaji Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Xiaji close to Houjiapo, Xichuan County, Henan Province i.e. Shangji Formation Early Carboniferous The new name for Shangji Formation.

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Xiajiajie Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Liaoyuan City Sheet Xiajiajie close to Weijinxiang, Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province For andesite, tuffite with interbeds of rudite and siltstone Mid Jurassic.

Xiajialing Formation () No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lintan Sheet Xiajialing in Zhuoni County, Gansu Province For dark gray carbonate rocks with interbeds of mudstone and clastic rocks Carboniferous.

Xiajiang Formation ( ) Wu Yi, 1978, Devonian Lithofacies Paleogeography and Mineral Resources of Guangxi, Nanning: Guangxi People’s Publishing House Xiajiang in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ealy Devonian Homonymous with Hsiachiang

Formation. Xiajiaqiao Formation () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1963, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ruichang Sheet Xiajiaqiao, 20 km northwest of Wuning County, Jiangxi Province For grayish green silty mudstone Early Silurian.

Xiakasha Formation ( ) Hu Jincheng, 1994, The establishment of Qingbaikou’ian Lower Kasha Forma-

tion in the Xolo Area, Muli, Sichuan, Regional Geology of China, no.4 (serial no.51), 366-369 Xiakasha in Muli County, Sichuan Province For grayish green phyllite with interbeds of carbonaceous slate, siltstone, tuffite, with limestone lenticle occasionally Neoproterozoic. Xiala Formation () Tibet Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1980, Geological Review, 26(2): 162. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Xia Daixiang & Xu Zhongxun Xiala in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a set of carbonate rocks with interbeds of clastic rocks locally Early Permian.

Xialafudi Group () Wen Shixuan, 2000, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet

Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000, Geological Evolution of the Karakoram-Kunlun Mountain, Beijing: Science Press, 74. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Xialafudi in Pamir, southern Tibet Autonomous Region For gravel-bearing sandstone, mudstone with interbeds of limestone lenticle Neogene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xialatuo Loess () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 302 Xialatuo in Xianshuhe valley, Sichuan Province For the so called “loess” composed of sub-clay and clay Pleistocene. Xialazi Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Xialazi, southwest of Bolin, Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For clastic rocks and carbonate rocks Mid Ordovi-

cian. Xiali Formation () Qinghai Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chibu, Zhangzuo Sheet Xiali close to Yanshiping, Tanggula Township, Golmud City, Qinghai Province A component for-

mation of Yanshiping Group, for parti-coloured fine clastic rocks with interbeds of limestone and gypsum Mid Jurassic. Xialiangzi Formation (3) Qu Guansheng, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mishan County, Hulin County, Hutou, Xingkaihu and Liufenchang Sheets Xialiangzi in Jidong County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of grayish green mudstone, sandstone and basalt Miocene-Pliocene.

Xialijiang Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 250. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Xialijiang in Muli County, Sichuan Province For carbonate rocks and clastic rocks Cambrian. Xialingcun Sandstone () Ueda F et al., 1952, Geology and Mineral Resources, vol.3, North China, Sedimentary Mineral Resources-I, 1-10 Xialingcun in Eastern Hills, Taiyuan County, Shanxi Province For gray banded sandstone Late Carboniferous.

Xialingnangou Formation () An Taixiang, Zheng Zhaochang, 1990, The Conodonts of the Margin of Ordos Platform, Beijing: Science Press Xialingnangou in the western slope of the Helanshan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For dolomite, dolomitic limestone and limestone Early Ordovician.

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Xialong Formation () Chen Xianwei, He Chongquan, 1983, Regional Geological Survey of Guangxi, (1): 8-22 Xialong village, close to Yingyangguan, Hexian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gray, grayish green silty slate and dolomitic slate Sinian. Xialu Formation (4) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Nan Yi, Zhou Guoqiang ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (44), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guangdong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 209. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by Zhou Yongqing Xialu in Suixi County, Guangdong Province For peat beds Holocene. Xiamaguan Formation ( ) Huo Fucheng, Pan Xingshi, You Guolin, et al., 1989, Introduction to Geology of Ningxia, Beijing: Science Press Xiamaguan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Ordovician.

Xiamalong Formation () Li Yongjun, 1990, The stratigraphic division of Triassic in the Minjiang River

valley in the Western Qinling Mountain, Regional Geology of China, no.2 (serial no.33), 126-131 Xiamalong, north of Qinyu Township, Dangchang County, Gansu Province For sandy marls with interbeds of sandstone Mid Triassic. Xiamen Group () Guan Baode et al., 1988, Mid-Upper Proterozoic of the Northern Slope of Eastern Qinling Mountain, Henan, Zhengzhou: Henan Science and Technology Press Xiamen in Henan Province Mesoproterozoic. Xiamidi Formation (() No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pu’er Sheet Xiamidi close to Baliu, Mojiang County, Yunnan Province For dark gray, grayish black quartzose sandstone, muddy

siltstone, carbonaceous shale, mudstone, with interbeds of muddy limestone, coal seams and coal-bearing clastic rocks Late Carboniferous. Xiamududi Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jinping Sheet Xiamududi in Pingbian County, Yunnan Province For oolite and biolimestone, muddy limestone, dolomitic limestone and dolomite Early Ordovician. Xiananshan Formation () Hou Youtang et al., 1982, On the Problems of Cenozoic Stratigraphic Classification and Correlation of China, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1982, Explanatory Text of Stratigraphic Correlation Tables of Each Period of China, Beijing: Science Press, table 16 Xiananshan

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

in Zhejiang Province Miocene Xiananshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Xiang’adong Formation ( ) Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica,

1(1): 24-46. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Qinghai Bureau of Geology Xiang’adong in Jianzha County, Qinghai Province For gray sandstone, gravelbearing sandstone, limestone with interbeds of slate Mid Triassic.

Xiangba Diamictite () Xiangba Till Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 252 Xiangba close to Xiangzi, Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene.

Xiangbai Formation () Xiangbai Member Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guiyang Sheet Xiangbai cutting area, close to Baijin, Huishui County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of gray, grayish yellow, grayish white quartzose sandstone and black calcareous shale, with 1-4 beds of coal seams Early Carboniferous.

Xiangcheng Formation () Xiangcheng Dolomite Sun Cunli, 1988, Early Triassic strata of Jiangxi, Journal of Stratigraphy, 12(1): 39-47 Xiangcheng in Gao’an County, Jiangxi Province For dolomite Early Triassic.

Xiangdui Group ( ) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Xiangdui in Chaya County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish red, grayish purple siltstone, quartzose

sandstone, gravel-bearing sandstone and conglomerate (included two formations classified by biostratigraphic concepts: Laoran Formation and Zonggu Formation) Cretaceous A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Xiangfangzi Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multi-

ple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 16. First appeared in a 1993 manuscript by Sun Daming & Wang Haijin Xiangfangzi close to Xiangfang valley, Hunchun County, Jilin Province For black schist with interbeds of metamorphic siltstone Silurian.

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Xianggu Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 140 Xianggu in Weixi County, Yunnan Province For gray massive flint banded limestone, marble and dolomitic limestone, with basalt, andesite, slate, schist, silicalite and metamorphic sandstone in the upper part carboniferous Xianggu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Xiangguletage Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by No.772 Xinjiang Geology Team Xiangguletage in Kuruktagh, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, grayish white nodular limestone with interbeds of siltstone Early Ordovician. Xianghongdian Formation ( &) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Yufa, Jiang Lifu ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (34), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Anhui Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 202. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Xianghongdian in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province For basalt and rhyolite Early Cretaceous. Xiangkuang Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 13. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Changchun College of Geology Xiangkuang in Qixia County, Shandong Province For muddy carbonate rocks Neoproterozoic. Xianglongka Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Northwestern Geology Team, Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Xianglongka close to Baiyigou, Zhanwa Township, Ruo’ergai County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of grayish green metamorphic conglomerate, gravel-bearing greywacke and feldspar greywacke, with interbeds of sandstone with sandstone lenticle, and with slate in the upper part Sinian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xianglushan Limestone (%) Jiang Nengren, 1958, Acta Geologica Sinica, 38(4): 449-461. First appeared in a 1956 manuscript by Gong Jingguang & Zhu Jingshan Xianglushan close to Huzhuang, 9 km northwest of Kaili, Wenxiang City, Guizhou Province For siliceous limestone Mid-Late Devonian Homonymous with Hsienlushan Granite. Xiangmaoshan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Xiangmaoshan at the eastern side of Shile River, Subei County, Gansu Province For light metamorphic clastic rocks, muddy rocks, with interbeds of crystalline limestone and volcanic clastic rocks Mid-Late Cambrian New name for Erdaogou Group. Xiangnan Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 76. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Luo Haiyan & Huang Weipei Xiangnan, 12 km southeast of Jianghua County, Hunan Province For light metamorphic sandstone with interbeds of slate Ealy Cambrian. Xiangning Limestone () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 158 Xiangning County, Shanxi Province For limestone within the local Shansi Formation Early Permian. Xiangqucun Group () Xiangqucun Sandstone Chen Qingxuan, Li yulong, 1956, Chihkan Inst. Geol., Academia Sinica, (1) Xiangqucun, 16 km northwest of Guide County, Qinghai Province For light purplish red sandstone and siltstone Mid-Late Triassic.

Xiangshan Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Southwestern Area, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiangshan close to Dazhaimen, Shidian County, Yunnan Province For gray, dark gray limestone, muddy limestone with interbeds of calcareous shale and dolomitic limestone Early Carboniferous Homonymous with Hsiangshan Formation. Xiangshan Group () Ningxia Integrative Geology Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongxin Sheet Xiangshan in the southwestern foot of Mibishan,

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northwest of Hanjiaoshui Township, Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For conglomeratic limestone, oolitic limestone, sandstone and slate MidLate Cambrian Homonymous with Hsiangshan Formation. Xiangshan Member () Zhang Zengqi, Chi Shouxiang, Song Zhiyong, Zhang Shufang, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10). First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Zhao Yunlun et al. Xiangshan close to Laishan Town, Muping County, Shandong Province Dealing with the lower part of the local Yetou Formation, for leptynite, leucogranulite, quartzite and marble Palaeoproterozoic. Xiangshanzhai Formation () Yun Ya, 1978, Classification and Correlation Devonian in Eastern Yunnan, in In-

stitute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 263 Xiangshanzhai in Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province For carbonate rocks Mid Devonian. Xiangshuitan Group () Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 30 Xiangshuitan in Chaoshui Basin, Gansu Province Cretaceous.

Xiangshuyuan Formation () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwest China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Yang Yugang & Rong Jiayu Xiangshuyuan, west of Leijiatun, 5 km north of Shiqian, northeastern Guizhou Province For nodular limestone, bioclastic limestone and marls Early Silurian. Xiangtang Formation ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 148, chart 35. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by Miao Qingxiang Xiangtang in Minhe Basin, Qinghai Province For purplish red clay, sandstone and breccia Late Jurassic. Xiangtian Formation ( ) Hou Hongfei, Ji Qiang, 1986, Boundary between Middle and Upper Devonian of Ma’anshan, Xiangzhou, Guangxi, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiangtian in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Late Devonian.

Xiangyang Formation () Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiangyang close to Nanshichang, Raohe County, Heilongjiang Province For parti-coloured banded silicalite and yellowish green shale Early Jurassic Homonymous with Hsiangyang Formation.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xiangyangcun Formation () Xiangyangcun Subformation Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 29. First appeared in a manuscript by Xu Yanqiang Xiangyancun, southwest of Laotudingzi, Huanan County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of marble, amphibolites and quartzose sandstone Mesoproterozoic Homonym: Xiangyangcun Member.

Xiangyangcun Member () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Wang Shouyi Xiangyangcun close to Zhongloupo, Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component member within the Kalgan Formation, for volcanic clastic rocks and lava Late Jurassic Homonymous with Xiangyangcun Formation. Xiangyangsi Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiangyangsi Sheet Xiangyangsi in Shidian County, Yunnan Province For grayish yellow, purplish red siltstone and mudstone with interbeds of thin calcareous siltstone and mudstone, biolimestone Early Devonian.

Xiangyunzhai Formation () Xu Jiawei, 1961, Bulletin of Hefei University of Technology, (10) Xiangyunzhai in Huoshan County, Anhui Province For grayish white, grayish yellow quartzite Sinian-Silurian.

Xiangzi Formation () Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of

Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 250. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by No.8 Element of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Geology Team Xiangzi in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone, siltstone and clay stone Pleistocene Xiangzi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic or biostratigraphic meaning. Xiangziping Formation () Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luonan Sheet Xiangziping in Shaanxi Province For parti-coloured calcareous banded shale, muddy limestone and limestone Mesoproterozoic.

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Xiannudong Formation (, ) Pan C H, Feng K C, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2) Xiannvdong (Xiannudong) close to Nanjiang, Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For oolitic limestone with interbeds of calcareous sandstone and breccia limestone Early Cambrian.

Xianqian Formation (') Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Xianqian in Tibet Autonomous Region Early

Permian. Xianqin Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Xianqin in Tibet Autonomous Region Early

Devonian. Xianqiong Formation () Rao Jingguo, Yu Hongjun, 1983, Devonian of Southern Tibet, in Contribution

to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xianqiong in Pazhuo Area, Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region Xianqiong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Xianrenchong Formation () Xu Jiawei, 1961, Bulletin of Hefei University of Technology, (10) Xianrenchong in Huoshan County, Anhui Province For dolomitic marble Sinian-Silurian.

Xianrendong Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 135 Xianrendong close to Xiamidi, Mojiang County, Yunnan Province For grayish white, grayish black, dark gray massive limestone, calcareous dolomite, dolomitic limestone, with flint Early Permian. Xianrenmiao Member () Xiao Weimin, Wang Hongdi, Zhang Linxin, Dong Wenlan, 1986, Early Permian

Stratigraphy and Faunas in Southern Guizhou, Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House, 30, 32 Xianrenmiao close to Sazhi, Langdai County, Guizhou Province For light gray thick massive dolomite, dolomitic limestone Early Permian. Xianzhong Formation () See Xianzhonggou Formation.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xianzhonggou Formation () Xianzhong Formation Fu Lipu, 1983, Silurian Stratigraphy of Bajiaokou, Ziyang

County, Shaanxi Province, Bulletin of Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (6): 1-18 (Xianzhong Formation); Fu Lipu, Song Lisheng, 1986, Silurian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Ziyang Area (transitional belt), Shaanxi Province, ibid. (14): 1-190 (revised) Xianzhong valley, north of Bajiaokou, Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of light gray siltstone and sandy slate Mid Silurian New name for Xianzhong Formation; Synonym: Anpingliang Formation; Xianzhonggou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xiao’an Formation () Da’an Formation Zhang Renjie, 1974, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Central-South China, (1) Xiao’an village in Xiao’an valley of Gaomiao, 1 km southwest of Da’an, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province For purplish red, grayish green parti-coloured mudstone, with fine sandstone and gypsum in the lower part, and with muddy dolomite and marls in the upper part Eocene Da’an Formation (1) was published in 1972, Da’an Formation (2) was published in 1974, both constitute the relation of homonyms. The former is senior homonym, the later is junior homonym. According to the code of stratigraphic nomenclature, Zhang Renjie should not give a new name to substitute the Da’an Formation (1). So the Xiao’an Formation as a new name for the Da’an Formation (1) is unavailable or unvalued.

Xiao’anli Formation () Sun Chengyun, 1993, Journal of Stratigraphy, 17(4) Xiao’anli in Dongzhi County, Anhui Province For alternating beds of grayish white, light purplish red fine-grained conglomerate and quartzose sandstone, and muddy siltstone Neopro-

terozoic. Xiaobachong Group () Xiaobachong Formation Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic

Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiaobachong close to Chamashan, Batang County, Sichuan Province Dealing with the sum of Egongdong Formation and Songdagou Formation, for grayish green, dark gray metamorphic basic to medium basic volcanic rocks, with interbeds of carbonate rocks Ealy-Mid Cambrian. Xiaobai Formation ( ) Zhang Shiya, 1980, Late Cenozoic Stratigraphic Classification and Correlation of

Central Shanxi Basin, Shanxi, in Contribution to Petroleum Geology, Stratigraphy and Paleontology, (4), Beijing: Science Press Xiaobai in Taigu County, Shanxi Province For gray, grayish green clay with interbeds of yellow fine-grained sandstone and rudite Pliocene.

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Xiaobeihu Formation ( ) Zhang Lizhu et al., 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shalanzhan Sheet Xiaobeihu in Heilongjiang Province Mid Devonian. Xiaobeishan Formation () Yan Qiao et al., 1986, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (7) Xiaobeishan in Yunnan Province Sinian. Xiaobiegai Formation (!) Qian Jiaqi, 1986, Meso-Neoproterozoic classification and correlation of Western Qilianshan Mountain, Gansu Geology, (4) Xiaobiegai close to Danghe, Qinghai Province Dealing with a component formation within the lower part of Danghe Group, for gray phyllitic sandy slate, muddy and calcareous slate with interbeds of siltstone sand limestone Mesoproterozoic Synonym: Suli Formation. Xiaobuling Formation () Mao Jiaju, 1987, Geology of Shandong, 3(2). First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Wang Chongwen Xiaobulin in Xiaobu Township, Tancheng County, Shandong Province For grayish white, grayish green rudite, conglomerate and clay beds Pleistocene. Xiaochaka Group (! ) Xiaochaka Formation Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gerze Sheet Xiaochaka, 80 km southwest of Shuanghu, Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone with interbeds of clastic rocks Late Permian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Xiaochangcun Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qinyuan Sheet, Fenhe Sheet Xiaochangcun in Yuwu Township, Tunliu County, Shanxi Province For grayish green, grayish brown, purplish red clay with interbeds of ventricular marls Pleistocene.

Xiaodandai Formation () No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Xiaodandai in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Oligocene. Xiaodian Formation ( ) Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1997, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Digital Geological Map of Shandong Province. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Chuangchun College of Geology Xiaodian Township in Quxian County, Shandong Province Dealing with a subdivision within the bottom of Malanggou Formation of the original Dasheng Group, for grayish purple, brownish purple conglomerate with interbeds of siltstone and greywacke Early Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xiaodingxi Formation ( ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lijiang Sheet Xiaodingxi close to Mianhuashi, Yunxian County, Yunnan Province For grayish green, purplish red basalt, andesite, andesitic breccia and rhyolite, with interbeds of sandstone and shale Late Triassic. Xiaodong Formation (3) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaodong, Qinzhou Sheet Xiaodong Town in Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the black thick-bedded mudstone, silt mudstone, yellowish green siltstone with interbeds of mudstone lenticle between Qinzhou Formation and Shijia Formation Early-Mid Devonian. Xiaodong Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 249. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Zhong Shuixian Xiaodong close to Yanqiaolong, Chenxi County, Hunan Province For lateritic beds of grayish green, lateritic red calcareous fine sandstone and mudstone Late Cretaceous. Xiaodonggou Formation () Xiaodonggou Beds Wang Yu et al., 1954, Acta Geologica Sinica, 34(2): 137 Xiaodonggou, east of Benxi City, Liaoning Province For purple sandstone, purple and yellowish green shale, with interbeds of limestone lenticle Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous Homonym: Xiaodonggou Limestone. Xiaodonggou Limestone () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157 Xiaodonggou in southeastern Shanxi Province For a limestone within the local Shansi Formation Late Permian Homonymous with Xiaodonggou Formation. Xiaodukou Formation () Chen Maonan, 1988, The Study of Nihowan Beds, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 124-130 Xiaodukou village, close to Huashaoying Town, Yangyuan County, Hebei Province For a division of Middle Pleistocene, within the upper part of the original Nihowan Beds Pleistocene Xiaodukou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xiaoerbulake Formation i.e. Sa’erbulake Formation.

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Xiao’erkuli Group ( ) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 24 Xiao’erkuli close to the upper reaches of the Shixia river, Altun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Luanshishan Formation, Binggounan Formation, Pingwagou Formation and Xiaoquandaban Formation Mesoproterozoic. Xiaofengkou Member () Yang Guanxiu, 1985, Earth Science, (10) Xiaofengkou close to Dafengkou, Yuxian County, Henan Province Dealing with a member within the Shihhotse Formation, for grayish white sandstone, grayish purple aluminous mudstone, mudstone and coal seams Early Permian. Xiaofengman Basalt ( ) Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yushuo, 1984, Chronological study of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 30-37 Xiaofengman in south of Jilin City, Jilin Province For a tholeite Pleistocene. Xiaofengmidingzi Formation (.) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Liaoyuan City Sheet Xiaofengmidingzi in Jilin Province For volcanic rocks Late Triassic. Xiaogaolu Group (%) Xiaogaolu Formation Wang Yunshan, Zhuang Qingxing, Shi Congyan, Liu Jifang, Zheng Liangchi, 1980, Qonj Group along the Northern Border of Qaidam Basin, in Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 214-230 Xiaogaolu close to Da Qaidam Town, Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For the phosphorite-bearing rudite Late Cambrian. Xiaogoubei Formation () Wang Zhihong, 1979, Henan Geology, (4): 51-55 Xiaogoubei in Wangwushan, Jiyuan County, Shanxi Province Mesoproterozoic Synonymous with Bingmagou

Formation. Xiaoguanzi Formation ( ) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwest China, Beijing: Science Press Xiaoguanzi in Sichuan Province Mid Cambrian Synonymous with the Toupossu Formation. Xiaogulihe Formation () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Min-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

istry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 43 Xiaogulihe in Songling area, Elunchunzu Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Dealing with the formation within the top of the Xinghuadukou Group, for grayish black leptynite, with interbeds of muddy siltstone, sand-bearing conglomerate and schist Palaeoproterozoic. Xiaogushan Formation (.) Wang Dongpo, Li Quan, 1965, in North China Institute of Geology, Ministry

of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, 175-178 Xiaogushan village, west of Dagushan, Lvshun City, Liaoning Province For intercalation or alternation of phyllite, quartzite and tuffite Proterozoic. Xiaogushanzi Formation (.) Xiaogushanzi Coal-bearing Beds Sugai K, 1942, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 49(585): 228-230 Xiaogushanzi in Liaoning Province For coal-bearing strata Jurassic(?).

Xiaohaizi Formation (1) (  1) Bien C H, 1943, Geological Review, 8(1/6): 9. First appeared in a manuscript by Wang Hongzhen Xiaohaizi in Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For shale and sandstone with interbeds of limestone Late Carboniferous Homonym: Xiaohaizi Formation (2).

Xiaohaizi Formation (2) (  2) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum Management Xiaohaizi reservoir in Bachu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray limestone, parti-coloured quartzose sandstone and grayish green mudstone Carboniferous-Permian Homonym: Xiaohaizi Formation (1). Xiaohe Formation (!) West Qinling Geology Team, 1964, Report of Research on Stratigraphical Pro-

fession of Pailungchiang Series, Wudu and Sihanshui Series, Lixian of KangxianWuwei Area, Gansu Xiaohe, north of Lixian County, Gansu Province For clastic rocks with interbeds of limestone occasionally Mid Devonian. Xiaohe Formation (1) ( 1) Zhang Renjie, Meng Fansong, Zhang Zhendong, 1982, Triassic Stratigraphy of

Southeastern Hubei, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (5), Cretaceous, Tertiary Periods, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiaohe in Piqi County, Hubei Province Early Triassic Homonymous with Xiaohe Formation (2).

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Xiaohe Formation (2) ( 2) Qian Fang, Zhou Guoxing, et al., 1991, Quaternary Geology and Palaeoanthropology of Yuanmou, Beijing: Science Press Xiaohe village, northwest of Yuanmou, Yunnan Province For brownish red, purplish red and yellow clay, silty and fine-grained sands with interbeds of fines and gravels Pliocene Homonymous

with Xiaohe Formation (1). Xiaohekou Formation (1) ( 1) Wang Kenan et al., 1963, Presinian Stratigraphy and Tectonics of Dongchuan,

Yunnan, in Contribution to First Science Meeting of Geological Society of Yunnan ( Regional Geology and Stratigraphical Paleontology) Xiaokekou in Dongchuan City, Yunnan Province For grayish white quartzose sandstone and quartzite with interbeds of slate Mesoproterozoic Homonym: Xiaohekou Formation (2) Xiaohekou Formation (2) ( 2) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hunjiang County Sheet Xiaohekou close to Shiren Town, Hunjiang County, Jilin Province Composed of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale and coal seams, with thin beds of andesite Late Triassic Homonymous with Xiaohekou Formation (1).

Xiaohelihe Formation () Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, in Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River

Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol.1, Beijing: Science Press, 94-109. First appeared in a manuscript by Tang Kedong Xiaohelihe in Xiao Hinggan Mountain, Heilongjiang Province For conglomerate, sandstone, shale, with interbeds of volcanic lava and tuffite Carboniferous-Permian Synonymous with Alinhe Group. Xiaohongqiao Formation (&) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mengla Sheet, Shangyong Sheet Xiaohongqiao in Yunnan Province Mid Jurassic.

Xiaohuangtian Formation ( ) Yao Zude, Ni Bingfang, 1990, The characteristics of Presinian metamorphic rocks

in the Huili-Miyi-Yanbian Area, Regional Geology of China, no.2 (serial no.33) Xiaohuangtian close to Chahe, Huili County, Sichuan Province For light gray schist with interbeds of quartzite Palaeoproterozoic.

Xiaohuatian Formation ( ) Zhou Tieming, 1982, Journal of Stratigraphy, 6(3): 169 Xiaohuatian close to Doushaguan, Yanjin County, Yunnan Province For clay stone with interbeds of carbonate rocks and thin clastic rocks Mid Silurian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xiaohulishan Formation (,) Gansu Regional Geomechanics Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Xiaohulishan in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Ordovician.

Xiaojiahe Formation (1) (! 1) No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1975, Features of bedded ultrabasic

bocks in Fanjingshan Region of Guizhou Province and a preliminary discussion of their origin, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1975(4): 351-364 Xiaojiahe in Yinjiang County, Guizhou Province A component formation of the Fanjingshan Group, for bedded basic to ultrabasic rocks, with interbeds of spilite, keratophyre and sedimentary rocks Palaeoproterozoic Homonym: Xiaojiahe Formation (2). Xiaojiahe Formation (2) (! 2) Compiling Group for Beijing Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1977, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Beijing Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiaojiahe in Haidian District, Beijing Municipality For gray fine sand beds and grayish white sandy clay Holocene Homonymous with Xiaojiahe Formation (1). Xiaojiayu Formation () Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuzhou Sheet Xiaojiayu in Jiangsu Province Early Or-

dovician. Xiaojiazhuang Member (!) Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guiyang Sheet Xiaojiazhuang close to Pingba, Youli County, Guizhou Province Dealing with a component member within the upper

part of Hujiao Formation, for purplish red thin-bedded limestone with interbeds of dolomite, and gray thin-bedded dolomite with interbeds of tuffite Early Triassic. Xiaojiling Formation ( ) Xiaojiling Beds Chang W Y, 1937, Mem. Inst. Geol., Academia Sinica, (6): 1, pls.1-3 Xiaojiling in Dingyuan County, Anhui Province For gray, grayish yellow shaly limestone with interbeds of oolitic limestone, edgewise conglomerate and calcareous shale Mid Cambrian.

Xiaojingou Formation () Zhang Hairi, Pu Quansheng, 1987, First discovery of Middle Ordovician strata in eastern Heilongjiang, Journal of Stratigraphy, 11(4): 312-313 Xiaojingou in Shangzhi City, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of purple, grayish

white fine sandstone and siltstone, with interbeds of marble; marble and siltstone with interbeds of lava Mid Ordovician.

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Xiaokuzibai Formation () Li Yuntong et al., 1984, Stratigraphy of China (13), Tertairy of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript of geological survey report by Institute of Geological Science, and Sylvite Team of No.8 Geology Team of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Xiaokuzibai valley in Wenxu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red calcareous mudstone and siltstone with interbeds of gray gypsum Paleocene.

Xiaolaihe Formation () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Digital Geological Map of Liaoning Province. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Shao Jingbo & He Chisong Xiaolaihe in Hongtoushan area, Liaoning Province Dealing with the component formation within the bottom of the local original Qingyan Group, for granulite and gneiss Archean. Xiaolangfengguan Formation ( ) Lu Chongming, Zhang Mingfa, 1990, Guizhou Sedimentary Rocks Area, in Re-

search on Methods of 1:50 000 Scale Geological Mapping, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiaolangfengguan in Ziyun County, Guizhou Province For dark gray thick-bedded limestone, with flint bands and nodule, and with interbeds of bioclasitic limestone, dolomitic limestone and silicalite Carboniferous Synonymous with Nandan Formation. Xiaolao Member (-) Zhang Jiefang, 1988, Fossils and their ages in the Baizushan Formation in eastern Guangdong, Regional Geology of China, (4): 326-331 Xiaolao in Sanshui County, Guangdong Province Dealing with the upper member of the Baizushan Formation, for mudstone and siltstone Early Cretaceous.

Xiaolianggou Formation (!) Western Qinling Geology Team, 1964, Report of Research on Stratigraphical Pro-

fession of Pailungchiang Series, Wudu and Sihanshui Series, Lixian of KangxianWuwei Area, Gansu Xiaolianggou in Lixian County, Gansu Province For clastic rocks with flysch structure Mid Devonian. Xiaolianggou Formation () Fu Lipu, Li Yuexi, Song Lishen, Wen Yuling, 1983, The Silurian of Western Qinling, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(4): 258-277 Xiaolianggou in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province For gray and black thin limestone Mid Silurian Synonym:

Xiadi Formation. Xiaoliangling Andesite (!) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing:

1230

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Geological Publishing House, 104. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Xiaoliangling, 2.5 km east of Baijiatan, in Tiangchidian Township, Loufan County, Shanxi Province For andesite Mesoproterozoic. Xiaoliangting Formation () Wang Yichang, Liu Xuegui, Hu Furen, 1966, Acta Geologica Sinica, 46(2): 163172 Xiaoliangting in Guichi County, Anhui Province For a part within the Yinkeng Formation Mid Triassic.

Xiaolin Formation () Zhu Weiyuan, 1988, Gansu Geology, (9): 16-28 Xiaolin in Gansu Province Late Devonian Homonymous with Shiaolin Formation.

Xiaoling Formation () Yang Binquan, Yong Yongyuan, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuncheng, Sanmenxia Sheet Xiaoling, northeast of Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province Archean Homonymous with Hsiaoling Formation.

Xiaolingpo Formation () Hou Hongfei, Wan Zhengquan, Tang Dezhang, Xian Siyun, 1985, Advances in

the studies of Devonian Guixi-Shawozi Section of Beichuan, in Longmenshan of Sichuan, Journal of Stratigraphy, 9(3): 186-194 Xiaolingpo, south of Tuqiaozi village, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province For grayish white limestone Late Devonian. Xiaoliugou Formation ( ) No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuncheng, Qilianshan Sheet Xiaoliugou in Gansu Province Mesoproterozoic.

Xiaolongkou Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiaolongkou in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Permian. Xiaolongtang Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Xiaolongtang in Yunxian County, Yunnan Province Pre-Ordovician.

Xiaolou Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for

1: 200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript

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by Ministry of Petroleum Xiaolou village in Wutu Town, Changle County, Shandong Province A component formation within the top of Wutu Group, for particoloured sandy mudstone, with interbeds of grayish white fine conglomerate and marls Eocene. Xiaolunshan Formation () Lin Tianrui, 1991, Geological Review, 37(5): 396-403 Xiaolunshan in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For carbonate rocks Sinian-Ealy Cambrian.

Xiaomeidong Formation ( ) Lu Yiju, 1981, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 20(6): 577-584 Xiaomeidong in Qinghai Province For the part with characteristic paleontologic fossils within the top of the original Yaochieh Formation Late Triassic Xiaomeidong Formation

is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Xiaomeigou Formation (1) ( 1) Compiling Group for Qinghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Qinghai Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by Yang Fan & Di Hengshu Xiaomeigou in northeastern margin of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province Dealing with the lower part of the original Dameigou Formation, for grayish yellow, yellowish green, purplish red conglomerate and rudite, with gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone with interbeds of siltstone, clay stone and carbonaceous shale Early Jurassic Homonym: Xiaomeigou Formation (2); Xiaomeigou Formation (1) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xiaomeigou Formation (2) ( 2) Li Tiande, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Suoerkeli Sheet Xiaomeigou close to Meiyao valley of Suoerkeli, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green conglomerate, rudite and coarse-grained sandstone Early Jurassic Homonymous with Xiaomeigou Formation (1).

Xiaomiao Formation () Xiaomiao Group Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Sun Chon-

gren ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (63), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Qinghai Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 25. First appeared in a1986 manuscript by Zhuang Qingxing et al. Xiaomiao in the middle reaches of Nuomuhong River, Dulan County, Qinghai Province For quartzite, schist with interbeds of gneiss and marble Mesoproterozoic. Xiaomichong Member () Zhang Mingfa, Kang Peiquan, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingren, Anlong Sheet Xiaomichong in Huagong District, Guizhou Province For a member within the top of local Longyin Formation Carboniferous.

1232

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xiaomitang Formation () Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luodian Sheet Xiaomitang close to Yongna, Biantang, Luodian County, Guizhou Province For dolomite Mid Triassic. Xiaomuping Formation () Tang Xiaoshan, 1989, Hunan Geology, (1): 1-9 Xiaomuping, 28 km southwest of Sanshi, Pingjiang County, Hunan Province For grayish green banded slate, silty slate and greywacke Mesoproterozoic. Xiaonanping Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team and No.213 Shanxi Geology Team, Explanatory Text for 1:2 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen, Qinyuan Sheet Xiaonanping close to Xiayeping valley, Guxian County, Shanxi Province A component formation of the Huoxian Group, for leptynite with interbeds of quartzite and migmatite Archean. Xiaoneichong Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Xiaoneichong in Hexian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish green sandstone, silty shale and shale with interbeds of carbonaceous shale Early-Mid Cambrian. Xiaoniuqun Formation () No.2 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map: Qian Haolibao Sheet Xiaoniu in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mid Jurassic. Xiaopanshan Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing Sheet Xiaopanshan in Anhui Province Pliocene. Xiaoping Formation () Yang Xianhe, 1976, Newsletter of Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Southwestern China, (8) Xiaoping close to Xinjietian, Yanbian County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component formation within the Yanbian Group, for dark gray carbonaceous slate with interbeds of metamorphic sandstone Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Hsiaoping Formation. Xiaopingqiao Member () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 134 Xiaopingqiao in Shennongjia Forestry Area, Hubei Province A component member within the Shicaihe Formation of local Shennongjia Group Proterozoic.

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Xiaopingtian Formation (

) Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yu Guohua ed.), 1996, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (33), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Zhejiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 157. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team Xiaopingtian in Xianju County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with a component formation within the top of the Yongkang Group, for medium acidic volcanic clastic rocks with interbeds of acidic lava, purplish red sandstone, rudite Early Cretaceous. Xiaoqiacuo Formation (!) Ma Fubao, Wang Xiulin, Che Yi, 1984, The classification of Late Triassic Zhajie

Group of southern Yushu, Qinghai Province, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (14), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiaoqiacuo in the upper reaches of Gemayong river, Zaduo County, Qinghai Province For bio-shell limestone, dolomitic limestone, dolomite, with interbeds of tuffite with interbeds of sandstone and oolitic limestone Late Triassic. Xiaoqiao Gneiss () Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of

Fujian Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 11. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team Xiaoqiao in Fujian Province For gneiss Neoproterozoic. Xiaoquan Formation () No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongliuyuan Sheet Xiaoquan close to Hongliuyuan Town, Anxi County, Gansu Province Early Permian.

Xiaoquandaban Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bashikaofu Sheet Xiaoquandaban, south of Binggou valley, Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For quartzose sandstone, fine sandstone, siltstone, schist and siliceous porphyry Mesoproterozoic.

Xiaorequanzi Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Zhang Zhongxiu Xiaorequanzi close to Azhikebulake and Xiaoquangou, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For green tuffite and quartz andesite Early Carboniferous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xiaorongjiang Sandstone () ) Xiaorongjiang Quartzose Sandstone Ting V K, 1947, Report of Geological Survey, Nanjing, National Geological Survey Xiaorongjiang in Yunnan Province For quartzose sandstone Mid Devonian. Xiaosangedingzi Formation (/) Guo Hongjun, 1962, Contribution to the Science Reports of Changchun College of Geology, (1) Xiaosangedingzi in Jilin Province. Xiaoshansayi Formation (! ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1: 200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gongliu Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by No.9 Xinjiang Geology Team Xiaoshansayi in Nileke County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of purplish brown tuffaceous rudite, conglomerate, tuffaceous sandstone, mudstone, greywacke and black shale Late Permian. Xiaoshennongjia Formation (:) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Yang Kaiqi Xiaoshennongjia in Shennongjia Area, northwestern Hubei Province For the original Shicaohe Formation Proterozoic Synonymous with Shicaohe Formation. Xiaoshetou Formation ( ) Wu Tieshan, Xu Chaolei, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet Xiaoshetou in Shanxi Province Archean. Xiaoshihu Formation ( ) Tsuru Ichio, 1931, Publ. Ryojun Coll. Eng., 1(3) Xiaoshihu, 8 km southwest of Tiechang, Miaoergou, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For shale, slate, mudstone and silicalite Mesoproterozoic. Xiaoshihugou Formation () Mu Enzhi, Zhang Youkui, 1964, Chihkan of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, (1). First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team Xiaoshihugou in the upper reaches of Tongziba River, Minle County, Gansu Province For grayish green, dark gray sandy shale, siltstone, rudite with interbeds of tuffite Early Silurian. Xiaoshui Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Bei-

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jing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by No.300 Guangdong Coal Field Geology Team Xiaoshui in Lechang County, Guangdong Province Dealing with a component formation within the middle part of the local Kenkou Group, for siltstone, mudstone with interbeds of fine sandstone and black mudstone Late Triassic. Xiaosong Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1: 200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by No.4 Shandong Geology Team Xiaosong in Song Township, east of Laizhou City, Shandong Province For leucogranulite and quartzite Palaeoproterozoic. Xiaosuihe Formation () Peng Yuqiong et al., 1990, Jilin Geology, 9(1). First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Northeast Institute of Geology Xiaosuihe River in Jilin Province For grayish green, black sandstone, shale, with interbeds of rudite and limestone lenticle Mid Silurian. Xiaosuoka Formation () Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luolong Sheet, Qamdo Sheet Xiaosuoka in Sichuan Province Late Jurassic. Xiaotan Formation () Zhang Quanzhong, Qiu Hongquan, 1966, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(10): 4764 Xiaotan, 20 km northwest of Hexian County, Anhui Province For dark gray, grayish white thin and thick limestone Early-Mid Ordovician. Xiaotang Member () Zhang Xianqiu, 1984, Division and Biota of the Luofozhai Group in the Pingling

section of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 239-254 Xiaotang in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For a member within the lower part of Huayong Formation Paleocene.

Xiaotangzi Formation () Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript in Mesozoic Meeting of Southwest China Xiaotangzi in Sichuan Province For a member within the original Hsuchiaho Formation Late Triassic. Xiaotazigou Formation () Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Chaoyang sheet Xiaotazi valley in Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province For gneiss, leptynite, granulite and quartzite Archean.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xiaotian Formation (!) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Yufa, Jiang Lifu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (34), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Anhui Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 204. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.327 Anhui Geology Team Xiaotian in Shucheng County, Anhui Province For tuffaceous conglomerate and sandstone alternation with grayish green muddy siltstone and calcareous mudstone, and with thick-bedded conglomerate in the bottom Early Cretaceous. Xiaotielieke Group (5') Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiaotielieke in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Sinian Synonymous with Qigebulake Formation. Xiaotikanlike Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiaotikanlike in Wensu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For tuffite, tuffaceous conglomerate, tuffaceous sandstone, basalt and silicalite Early Permian. Xiaotun Formation () Zheng Jiajian, Tang Yingjun, Zhai Renjie, Ding Suyin, Huang Xuesi, 1978, Early Tertiary Stratigraphy of Lunan Basin, Yunnan, in Editorial Committee of Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (7), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 22-29 Xiaotun, close to Anren village Lunan County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of brownish red thick mudstone and sandy mudstone Oligocene Xiaotun Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xiaowaiyoushan Member () Luo Huilin et al., 1980, Acta Geologica Sinica, 54(2): 95-111 Xiaowaitoushan close to Meishucun village, Jinning County, Yunnan Province For a component

member within the Meishucun Formation, for gray sandy dolomite with interbeds of flint bands Early Cambrian. Xiaowan Member () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 184. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.706 Guangdong Geology Team Xiaowan in Yingde County, Guangdong Province Dealing with the member within the bottom of local Kenkou Group, for silty shale, siltstone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Late Triassic.

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Xiaowangzhuang Formation () Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality and Tianjin Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.15], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiaowangzhuang in Hebei Province Early Permian. Xiaoweijia Formation (') Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang, Weifang, Youxi Sheet Xiaoweijia in Shandong Province Palaeoproterozoic. Xiaoxi Formation ("") Xiaoxi Beds Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 44 Xiaoxi in Qimen County, Anhui Province For silicalite, siliceous shale, calcareous and muddy slate with graphite beds, and with interbeds of phosphorous nodule and pyrite beds Early Cambrian. Xiaoxi Formation (1) ( 1) Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fuzhou, Fuqing, Nanri Island Sheets Xiaoxi in Gutian County, Fujian Province For gray, dark gray, purplish red calcareous, tuffaceous siltstone, siliceous mudstone with interbeds of tuffite and carbonaceous siltstone Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Homonym: Xiaoxi Formation (2). Xiaoxi Formation (2) ( 2) Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Sangzhi Sheet Xiaoxiyu close to Ruitapu, Sangzhi County, Hunan Province For a series of grayish green and yellowish green Antiarchibearing fossils sandstone, muddy siltstone, quartzose sandstone Silurian Hom-

onymous with Xiaoxi Formation (1); Synonymous with Xiaoxiyu Formation; A new name: Xiaoxiyu Formation. Xiaoxia Formation () Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 179. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Lin Wenliang Xiaoxia in Qinghai Province For the upper part of the original Yaochieh Formation Mid Jurassic. Xiaoxian Formation (#) Xiaoxian Member No.325 Anhui Geology Team, 1974, Geological Science and Technology, (6) Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province Dealing with the basal part

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

of the local Majiagou Formation, for gray, bluish gray limestone, dolomitic limestone, with interbeds of conglomeratic limestone (included Zhaishan Member and Daquan Member) Early Ordovician Xiaoxian Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xiaoxigou Formation () Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiaoxigou in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Archean. Xiaoxihe Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lu’an, Yuexi Sheet Xiaoxihe in Fengyang County, Anhui Province For migmatite, amphibolites with interbeds of schist Sinian-Devonian.

Xiaoxiyu Formation () Xiaoxi Formation (2) Zhao Ruxuan et al., 1978, Devonian of Hunan, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 6889 Xiaoxiyu close to Ruitapu, Sangzhi County, Hunan Province For a series of grayish green and yellowish green Antiarchi-bearing fossils sandstone, muddy siltstone, quartzose sandstone Silurian Synonym: Xiaoxi Formation (2); A new name for Xiaoxi Formation (2). Xiaoyan Formation () No.332 Anhui Geology Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qimen Sheet Xiaoyan in Yansi Township, Shexian County, Anhui Province For lateritic red thick-bedded sandstone Early Cretaceous. Xiaoyangchang Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Weixi Sheet Xiaoyangchang in Yunnan Province Late

Devonian. Xiaoyaozi Formation (%) Wang Guolian, Sun Xiufang, 1973, Acta Geologica Sinica, 47(2): 137-151 Xiaoyaozi in Shaanxi Province For the sum of lower and middle part of the original Yangshan Formation and the upper part of original Xiaoyaozi Formation Late Carboniferous Xiaoyaozi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xiaoyi Formation (#) Xiao Suzhen, 1988, in Wu Tieshan et al., 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Strata of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Xiaoyi County, Shanxi Province Late Carboniferous Synonymous with Hutian Formation.

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Xiaoyicun Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Xiaoyicun in eastern gorges, Hubei Province For a component formation within the Kungling Group Proterozoic. Xiaoyingzi Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wusong Sheet Xiaoyongzi in Jilin Province Early Jurassic. Xiaoyizishan Basalt (&) Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yushuo, 1984, Chronological study of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 30-37 Xiaoyizishan in Huanan County, Jilin Province For basalt Pleistocene.

Xiaoyuanchong Formation () Meng Fengyuan, Pan Zhaoshi, Lin Jiaxing, 1980 Geological Review, 26(3): 256263 Xiaoyuanchong in Hunan Province Late Permian.

Xiaoyunwushan Formation (4) Xiaoyunwusha Group Guangdong Bureau of Geology, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Guangdong Province Xiaoyunwushan in Yunfu County, Guangdong Province For grayish black quartzose sandstone with interbeds of conglomerate, rudite and carbonaceous shale Late Triassic. Xiaozhai Formation () Jin Shouwen et al., 1973, Geological Information of Henan, (1). First appeared in a 1969 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Xiaozhai in Shijiehe Township, Xixia County, Henan Province For gneiss, schist and leptynite Paleozoic. Xiaozhanggou Formation () Liu Ziqi, Chen Da, Chen Luquan, Tang Yingjun, Ji Hongxiang, Yan Defa, 1986,

The Late Miocene of Bin Xian and its faunas, Journal of Stratigraphy, 10(4): 270276 Xiaozhanggou in Binxian County, Shaanxi Province For red clastic rocks Neogene. Xiaozhangzhuang Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bengbu Sheet Xiaozhangzhuang in Wuhe County, Anhui Province Dealing with a component formation within the Wuhe Complex, for leptynite and gneiss Palaeoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xiaozhuang Schist () Zhang Erdao, 1965, About the Danshanshi Group, in North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, 155-157 Xiaozhuang in Zhongtiaoshan, Shanxi Province For schist and marble Proterozoic.

Xiaozijing Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 79. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Luo Haiyan & Huang Weipei Xiaozijing in Ningyuan County, Hunan Province For light metamorphic sandstone, with interbeds of slate, limestone and marls Late Cambrian. Xiapangluo Formation (<#) Ni Yunan, 1982, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 21(1): 119-131 Xiapangluo in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province For gray marls with interbeds of carbonaceous shale Mid Silurian.

Xiapotou Member () Xiapotou Formation Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Simao Sheet Xiapotou in Simao County, Yunnan Province A component member within the lower part of the Huangzhulin Formation, for grayish purple, grayish green conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and limestone Mid Triassic. Xiapugou Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Xiapugou in Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous A group without any formations deviates the procedures of strati-

graphical classification. Xiaqiongcuo Formation (1) ( 1) Wang Naiwen, 1983, Evolution of the Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Its Meaning of the Plate Tectonics of Northern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 29-40 Xiaqiongcuo, northeast of Baingion lake, Tibet Autonomous Region Jurassic-Cretaceous Homonym: Xiaqiongcuo Formation (2). Xiaqiongcuo Formation (2) ( 2) Zheng Jinping, Xiang Jun, et al., 1989, Salt Lake of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Science Press Xiaqiongcuo, northeast of Baingoin lake, Tibet Autonomous Region For red rudite and yellow sand beds with interbeds of gravel, and with alternating beds of red sand beds and black clay Pleistocene Homonymous with

Xiaqiongcuo Formation (1).

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Xiare Formation () Xu Yulin, Wan Xiaoqiao, Gou Zonghai, Zhang Qihua, et al., 1989, Biostratigra-

phy of Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary of Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Xiare close to Nariyongcuo, Longzi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray, black sandstone, sandy shale and rudite, with interbeds of basalt, volcanic breccia, conglomerate and limestone Mid Jurassic. Xiariduo Formation ( ) Rao Yongbiao, Xu Jifan, Chen Yongming, Zou Dingbang, 1987, Triassic System of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiariduo in Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic.

Xiarongqu Formation ($') Fu Gongqin, 1982, Bulletin of Chengdu College of Geology, (3) Xiarongqu in Luolong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For marble with interbeds of schist,

gneiss, leptynite and metamorphic sandstone. Xiashibei Formation () Compiling Group for Liaoning Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Liaoning Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1967 manuscript by No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team Xiashibei, 65 km southeast of Naimanqi Banner, Zhelimu League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish white marble Early Devonian. Xiashicun Limestone () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 157 Xiashicun in Liuzigou, Western Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For a bed of cone-in-cone limestone Early Permian. Xiatian Formation ( ) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Qichang ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (64), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 77. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Xi’an College of Geology Xiatian close to Baijijigou, Pingluo County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Late Triassic. Xiatigu Formation () No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Daduhe Geology Team Xiatigu in Kangding County, Sichuan Province Early-Mid Triassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xiatuhe Formation () Zhang Shiya et al., 1980, Stratigraphic Classification and Correlation of Late Cenozoic in Central Shanxi Basin, Shanxi, in Contribution to the Petroleum Geology, Stratigraphhy and Paleontology (4), Beijing: Science Press Xiatuhe in Taigu County, Shanxi Province For brownish gravel with interbeds of grayish purple clay, sandy clay and sand-gravel, and with alternating beds of brownish yellow, grayish brown sand beds and clay Pliocene.

Xiawuchubo Formation () Wan Xiaoqiao et al., 1985, Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Foraminifer Fauna of Kangpa Area, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 203-223 Xiawuchubogou at the southern side of Zongshan, 250 km southeast of Kangpa village, Kangpa County, Tibet Autonomous Region Cretaceous.

Xiawuna Formation () Zhang Yan, 1961, Proceedings of the Geology of Gansu Bureau of Geology, (8) Xiawuna village, 28 km northwest of Diebu County, Gansu Province For dark

gray thick limestone, black shale with interbeds of siltstone and muddy limestone Mid Devonian. Xiawuzhai Formation (') Kong Xiangsheng et al., 1995, Precambrian Geology of Chencai Area, Zhejiang, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiawuzhai close to Xiaosi, Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province For grayish black amphibolite, leptynite with interbeds of magmite Mesoproterozoic.

Xiaxi Formation ( ) Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Development of Mesozoic

Stratigraphy and Its Significance of Plate Tectonics of Northern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 29-40 Xiaxi in Langkazi County, Tibet Autonomous Region Mid Jurassic. Xiaxian Group () Compiling Group for Copper Mining Geology of Zhongtiaoshan, 1978, Copper Mining Geology of Zhongtiaoshan, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province Palaeoproterozoic.

Xiaxiang Formation () No.317 Anhui Geology Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Jingde Sheet Xiaxiang close to Wuhuali, Hule, Ningguo County, Anhui Province For gray, grayish yellow sandstone, siltstone and silty mudstone Silurian.

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Xiayabu Formation () Shi Shaofeng, Jiang Chuanren, 1983, Regional Geological Survey of Zhejiang, (2) Xiayabu in Zhejiang Province Sinian.

Xiayacun Formation () Xiayacun Andesite Formation Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1990,

Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luolong Sheet. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.1 Tibet Geology Team Xiayacun in Tuoba Township, Qamdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region For andesite with interbeds of sandstone, shale and limestone Late Permian-Early Triassic. Xiayang Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geol-

ogy of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 255. First appeared in a manuscript by No.4 Petroleum Geology Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Xiayang in Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For gray, grayish white sands and gravels with interbeds of silt and mudstone Pliocene. Xiayangao Member () Xiayangao Shale Member Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1987, Regional Geology of Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 112 Xiayangao in Pu’an Area, Sandu County, Guizhou Province For gray, grayish green, grayish yellow clayey shale Early Ordovician. Xiayao Formation () Xiayao Limestone Wang Shaowei, Wang Jiajun, 1966, in Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., Bulletin of Geology, (4): 63-100 Xiayao in Huangshi City, Hubei Province For flint-bearing nodule or banded limestone Late Per-

mian. Xiayiling Member () Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1965, Chinese Science Bulletin, (12) Xiayiling in Liujiang, Hengxian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish

white, grayish yellow, grayish green silty mudstone with interbeds of calcareous siltstone Early Devonian. Xiayu Member () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet Xiayu in Shandong Province Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xiayuan Formation () Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingren, Anlong Sheet Xiayuan close to Dianzishang, north of Shazogou, Zhenning County, Guizhou Province For flint limestone with interbeds of silicalite and clay stone Early Carboniferous. Xiayuliangzi Formation (3) Qiherige et al., 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Kaikukang Sheet Xiayuliangzi in Heilongjiang Province Early Cretaceous. Xiazhen Member () Xiazhen Limestone Lai Caigen et al., 1993, Ordovician Biofacies, Sedimen-

tary Facies and Geographic Characters of Lower Yangtze Area, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Chen Junyuan Xiazhen in Zhejiang Province Dealing with a component member within the upper part of Sanchushan Formation, for limestone Late Ordovician. Xibao’an Formation ( ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 82 Xibao’an village, Dongfeng County, Jilin Province Dealing with a component formation within the lower of the Qinglongcun Group, for amphibolites, schist, leptynite, with sedimentary metamorphic iron ore Cambrian-Ordovician Xibei Member () Xibei Formation Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Strati-

graphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Nan Yi Xibei in Guangdong Province A member within the lower part of the Xiahuangkeng Formation, for quartzose and carbonaceous shale Ordovician. Xibeikulasi Formation ( ) No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Karamay Area Sheet Xibeikulasi, southwest of Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of bluish gray tuffaceous sandstone, tuffite, with interbeds of black sandy mudstone, siltstone, breccia and silicalite Early Carboniferous. Xibiantang Formation ( ) Hou Hongfei, Liao Weihua, 1988, in Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 216. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Dong Zhizhong Xibiantang close to Heyuanzhai, Shidian County, Yunnan Province For grayish yellow muddy limestone and calcareous mudstone Early-Mid Devonian.

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Xibiehe Formation ( !) North China Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1976, Atlas of Paleontology of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Li Shouqi et al. Xibiehe close to Bao’erhantu, 20 km north of Bayan Obo Sum, Darhan Muminggan Joint-Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray, grayish yellow sandstone with limestone Mid Silurian. Xicaoping Formation ( ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 298 Xicaoping in Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province For brownish yellow, brownish red dark purple clay beds, sand beds and rudite beds Pleistocene. Xichafang Member ( ) Wang Bailin, Wang Lixin, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hunyuan Sheet Xichafang in Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province Archean. Xichahe Formation ( ) Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1983, Atlas of Paleontology of Northwest China: Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, (II), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team et al. Xichahe in Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province For conglomerate, sandstone and slate, above the dolomite of the Gongguan Formation Early-Mid Devonian. Xichangjing Group () Yu Yisheng, 1984, in Tang Guangzhong, Yu Yisheng, et al., 1984, Gansu Geology, (2) Xichangjing in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray diamictite, grayish green, light purple muddy conglomerate with interbeds of greywacke and dolomitic limestone, with parti-coloured gravel-bearing sandy slate and limestone in the upper part Sinian. Xichong Formation (1) (  1) Liao Weihua, Xu Hankui, Wang Chengyuan, et al., Devonian Stratigraphic Classification and Correlation of Southwest China, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 193-213 Xichong in Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province For a set of quartzose sandstone, quartz greywacke with interbeds of muddy siltstone Mid Devonian Homonym: Xichong Formation (2) Xichong Formation (2) (  2) Zhang Chunchen, 1994, The Establishment of the Sinian Xichong Formation in Hunan, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 311-312 Xichong, 11 km northeast of Huangtupu, Qidong County, Hunan Province For

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

grayish green sandy slate with interbeds of limestone, with siltstone in the upper part and magnetite and hematite in the bottom Sinian Homonymous with Xichong Formation (1). Xichongtou Formation ( ) Nie Zongsheng, Zhao Buyi, Song Dake, 1959, Dedicated to the First Stratigraphic Conference of China, (III), Beijing College of Geology Xichongtou village, 3 km southwest of Fangji, Gushi County, Henan Province For alternating beds of quartzose conglomerate and sandstone with interbeds of purple siltstone and muddy slate Late Carboniferous. Xicun Formation ( ) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Yufa, Jiang Lifu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (34), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Anhui Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 107. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by No.332 Anhui Geology Team Xicun in Shexian County, Anhui Province For phyllite and spilite Neoproterozoic Homonymous with Hsitsun Formation. Xidapo Formation ( ) Xidapo Basalt Wang Yushuo, Sun Jianzhong, 1980, Jilin Geology, (3) Xidapo close to Ma’anshan, Changbai County, Jilin Province For the basalt strata body within the upper of the local Ma’anshan Formation Miocene. Xidatan Diamictite ( ) Xidatan Till Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 86 Xidatan located at the pass of the eastern Kunlun Mountain, Qinghai Province For gray muddy boulder Pleistocene. Xide Group () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology

of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 35. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Zhang Honggang & Li Chengyan Xide County, Sichuan Province MesoNeoproterozoic Homonymous with Dengxiangying Group. Xidianzi Formation ( &) Xidianzi Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-654 Xidianzi in Dongjiagou Coalfield, Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For coal-bearing strata Late Carboniferous Homonym: Xidianzi Limestone. Xidianzi Limestone ( &) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-654 Xidianzi in Dongjiagou Coalfield, Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For limestone Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Xidianzi Formation.

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Xiding Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 20. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Yu Zhenyang Xiding in Menghai County, Yunnan Province For a component formation within the Lancang Group Siluriam. Xidong Formation ( ) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shiwandashan Sheet Xidong village, close to Dalongxu (Shuiwenxu), Cenxi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish

green tuffite, tuffaceous sandstone, tuffaceous breccia, tuffaceous lava and quartz porphyry Late Cretaceous. Xieba Formation ($) No.3 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng, Zhuwagen Sheet Xieba, 56 km northeast of Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray, grayish green metamor-

phic andesite, siliceous andesite, purplish grey, grayish green andesitic tuffite and breccia Late Triassic. Xiechang Formation (%) No.4 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxiang (Yunnan) Sheet Xiechang close to Tianpeng, Funing County, Yunnan Province For grayish green, yellowish green siltstone with interbeds of dolomitic limestone Late Cambrian.

Xie’ertala Formation ($) No.2 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.6 Heilongjiang Geology Team Xie’ertala in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For a series of carbonate rocks and clastic rocks Early Carboniferous. Xiehao Formation (&6) Xiehao Shale Formation Mu Enzhi, Zhang Youkui, 1964, Chihkan of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, (1): 1-19 Xiehao in Wuwei County, Gansu Province For black shale and gray fine sandstone Mid Ordovician.

Xiehu Formation (' ) Jia Lanpo et al., 1966, Contribution to the Papers of Local Meeting of Lantian, Shaanxi, Beijing: Science Press Xiehu Town, 10 km northwest of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province For grayish white gravel beds, light yellow sandy clay and yellow banded calcareous nodule Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xiejia Formation ($) Li Chuankui, Qiu Zhuding, 1980, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 18(3): 198-214. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Huang Youyuan Xiejia village in Tianjiazhai Township, Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province For the formation within the upper part of the Sining Group Miocene Xiejia Formation is the form of lithos-

tratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xiejiakou Group () Cui Shengqin, Qiu Ganlin, Chen Zhaohu, Ma Xilan, 1965, Stratigraphy and Pa-

leogeography of Sinian of Yanshan Area, in North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, 169-174 Xiejiakou in Jiaodong Area, Shandong Province  For the sum of Baoshankou Subgroup and Fuzikuang Subgroup Sinian. Xiejiawan Formation (1) ($ 1) Chen Yunren, 1978, Several Problems of Devonian Stratigraphy in Longmenshan

Area, Sichuan, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 104-122 Xiejiawan in Sichuan Province Carboniferous Homonym: Xiejiawan Formation (2). Xiejiawan Formation ($ 2) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 86 Xiejiawan close to Damiaokou, Dong’an County, Hunan Province For black sandy slate Late Ordovician Homonymous with Xiejiawan Formation (1); New name: Sushuichong Formation. Xieshan Group (&) Gansu Regional Geomechanics Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Xieshan in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Ordovician.

Xieshuihe Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Yang Yanjun & Wei Xushou Xieshuihe close to Yangjiaping, Shimen County, Hunan Province Dealing with a component formation within the upper part of the local Panhsi Group, for purplish gray, grayish white quartzose sandstone and rudite, and with alternating beds of conglomeratic sandstone and slate Sinian.

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Xietan Formation (') Xietan Parti-coloured Shale Beds Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1): 51-77 Xietan close to Xiangxi, Zigui County, Hubei Province For particoloured shales Triassic-Mid Jurassic.

Xiewan Formation ($) Xiao Siyun et al., 1988, Metamorphic Stratigraphy of Northern Qinling, Xi’an,

Xi’an Traffic University. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Zhang Weiji Xiewan in Luonan County, Shaanxi Province For a component formation within the bottom of the Kuanping Group Mesoproterozoic. Xieyuguan Group (& ) Song Ziji et al., 1987, Geology of Shaanxi, 5(1) Xieyuguan in Shangzhou County, Shaanxi Province For metamorphic sandstone Early Paleozoic.

Xifangshan Formation ( ) Lu Songnian, Gao Zhenjia, 1993, in Gao Zhenjia, Chen Jinbiao, et al., 1993 Pre-

cambrian of Northern Xinjiang, Precambrian Geology, (VI), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Gao Zhenjia Xifangshan, i.e. the western slope of Fangshan, a residential area of Youermeinake, north of Akesu, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, dark gray quartzose sandstone Neoproterozoic. Xifeng Formation ( ) Morita G, 1943, Bull. Geol. Soc. Manchuria Railway Co., (4-5): 1-10 Xifeng County, Liaoning Province For volcanic rocks and red beds Cretaceous.

Xifeng Formation ( ) Min Longrui, 1984, Quaternary tectonic movement of Loess Plateau, China, Bull. Chinese Acta. Geosci., 224-236 Xifeng Town in Ningxian County, Gansu Province For loess Pleistocene.

Xifengshan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Copper Mining Geology of Zhongtiaoshan Mountain, 1978,

Copper Mining Geology of Zhongtiaoshan Mountain, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Zhu Shixing, Chai Donghao & Huangfu Zemin Xifengshan in Yuanqu County, Zhongtiaoshan, Shanxi Province For a component formation within the Danshanshi Group Palaeoproterozoic. Xifushan Formation (%&) Li Wanheng, Peng Wenneng, Liu Jinxuan, Yang Changming, 1983, Earth Science, (2) Xifushan in Luanxian County, Hebei Province For a component formation of the local Luanxian Group Archean.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xigaizi Diamictite ( ') Xigaizi Till Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 85 Xigaizi, west of Western Kunlun Mountain, Qinghai Province For gravels and boulder Pleistocene.

Xiganhe Formation ( () Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 85 Xiganhe in Suning County, Jiangsu Province For yellowish gray sandy clay with interbeds of sands, with conglomerate Pleistocene.

Xigaze Formation ( ) Wu Haoruo et al., 1977, The Cretaceous of Laze-Jiangze District, Southern Tibet, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1977(3): 250-262. First appeared in a manuscript by Tibet Bureau of Geology Xigaze City, Tibet Autonomous Region For flysch and flyschoid sediments within the lower part of the original Xigaze Group Cretaceous Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Xigaze Group; New name: Ngamring Formation.

Xigaze Group ( ) Xigaze Series Li Pu, 1955, Chinese Science Bulletin, (7) Xigaze City, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of blackish gray sandstone, black shale, ophiolite, gray shale and slate Cretaceous Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Xigaze Formation.

Xigeda Formation () Huntan Formation Yuan Fuli, 1958, Some stratigraphical material from southwestern area, China, Quaternaria Sinica, 1(2) Xigeda village in Hongge Township, Yanbian County, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province Dealing with the upper

part of the original Huntan Formation, for fine-grained sandstone, clay and conglomerate Pleistocene Fantastic Synonym: Huntan Formation. Xigemu Member ( ) No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Cai Wenhua), 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jiamusi Sheet Xigemu in Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province Dealing with the lower member of the Song-

muhe Formation, for grayish green, grayish black, grayish purple medium lava Late Cretaceous.

Xigou Formation (1) (  1) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songpan Sheet Xigou in Songpan County, Sichuan Province For light metamorphic carbonate rocks with interbeds of siliceous nodule or bands Carboniferous Homonym: Xigou Formation (2), Xigou

Sandstone Member.

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Xigou Formation (2) (  2) Xigou Member Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Lin Zhile Xigou close to Minpugou, 25 km northwest of Wenxian County, Gansu Province Dealing with the lower member of the Minpugou Formation, for dark gray, grayish black shale, sandy shale, dark grayish green muddy siltstone with interbeds of muddy limestone and sandstone, and with limestone and marls in the upper part, and siliceous breccia in the bottom Early Devonian Homonymous with Xigou Formation (1). Xigou Sandstone Member ( ) Xigou Quartzose Sandstone Member Zhang Zuqi, 1978, Geological Science and Technology, (6) Xigou in Gansu Province For quartzose sandstone Mid Devonian Homonymous with Xigou Formation (1). Xiguayuan Formation ( ) No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Mesozoic Stratigraphy of Hebei, in Proceedings of the Material of the Meeting of Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Recent Basalt of North China (I) Xiguayuan village in Luanping County, Hebei Province For grayish yellow conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone and shale Late Jurassic. Xigudui Formation (  ) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bengbu Sheet Xigudui, 15 km south of Wuhe County, Anhui Province Dealing with a component formation within the Wuhe Complex, for deformation, metamorphic intrusion and epicrustal rocks Palaeoproterozoic. Xigulanhe Formation ( ) Xue Chunding, Su Yanzheng, Zhang Hairi, Cui Ge, 1980, Upper Silurian and

Lower Devonian of the northwestern Xiao Hinggan Ling ( Lesser Khingan Mountains), Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1): 1-12 Xigulanhe in Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province For grayish green slate Early Devonian. Xihansitegou Formation ( ( ) Wang Zengji, 1983, Carboniferous Stratigraphy of Western East Kunlun Mountain, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xihansitegou close to the Nansha of Diaosu, in Wutumeiren Township, Golmud City, Qinghai Province For rudite, marls and limestone Early Carboniferous. Xihaoping Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing:

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geological Publishing House, 67. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Wang Shouqiong Xihaoping in Fangxian County, Hubei Province For the dolomite within the top of local Tongying Formation Sinian-Cambrian. Xiheli Formation ( ) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Xiheli in Wutai County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the lower part of the Guijiazhai

Group, for grayish purple, purplish red slate, sandy slate and muddy sandstone Palaeoproterozoic. Xihengshan Formation ( 7) Compiling Group for Jiangsu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of East China: Jiangsu, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by No.6 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Xihengshan in Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province For the sum of Sancun Member, Tianshengqiao Member and Zhaocun Member Late Jurassic. Xihoudu Formation ( ) Jia Lanpo, Wang Jian, 1978, Xihoudu the Paleocultural Relics of Early Pleistocene in Shanxi, Beijing: Cultural Relics Press Xihoudu in Shanxi Province Pleistocene.

Xihu Group ( ) Rao Rongbiao, Xu Jifan, Chen Yongming, Zou Dingbang, 1987, Triassic System of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xihu in Xinrong Area, Luolong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For sandy slate and phyllite with interbeds of silicalite Early-Mid Triassic.

Xihuashan Formation ( ) Huo Fucheng, Zheng Zhaochang, 1988, Geological Review, 34(1) Xihuashan in Haiyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For grayish white quartz schist, grayish green schist with interbeds of marble Mesoproterozoic Homony-

mous with Xihuashan Granite. Xihuashan Granite (  ) Huang Yi, Zhu Fuxiang, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 214 Xihuashan in Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province For granite Homonym: Xihuashan Forma-

tion. Xihui Formation ( ) Bai Jin, Gao Yadong, Xu Wenzheng, 1982, On the Evolution of Wutai Movement

in Wutaishan Area, Proceedings of the Tectonic Geology, (II), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xihui in Shanxi Province Archean.

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Xijiadian Formation (& ) Zhu Hongyuan, Tao Jinbao, 1988, Cambrian Strata of Xijiadian, Hubei, Journal of Stratigraphy, 12(3): 230-234 Xijiadian in Junxian County, Hubei Province For purplish red and yellowish brown marls with interbeds of shale; thin limestone

with interbeds of dolomitic limestone, and with muddy banded limestone in the top Mid Cambrian.

Xijiang Formation ( ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tonggu Sheet Xijiang in Yifeng County, Jiangxi Province Mesoproterozoic.

Xijianshan Basalt ( ) Sun Jianzhong, Wang Yushuo, 1984, Chronological study of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 30-37 Xijianshan in Yitong County, Jilin Province For a isolated volcanic cone Miocene Homonymous

with Xishanjian Formation. Xijianshan Formation ( ) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lin’an Sheet Xijianshan in Zhejiang Province Sinian Homonym: Xijianshan Basalt.

Xijinggou Formation ( ) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 77. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by No.214 Shanxi Geology Team Xijinggou in Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the Tungkuangyu Group, for metamorphic basic volcanic rocks with schist Achaean. Xijinwulan Group ( ) Zhang Yifo, Zheng Jiankang, 1994, Outline of Geology of Kekexili District, Qinghai, Beijing: Seismological Press Xijinwulan lake in Kekexili, Qinghai Province Early Carboniferous-Early Permian.

Xikeng Formation ( ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiushui Sheet Xikeng in Sandu (today Qingshuiyan) Township, Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province For alternating beds of purplish red, grayish green and yellow green sandy and muddy rocks Late Silurian-Early De-

vonian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xikengyuan Formation ( ) Tang Wenquan, 1983, Regional Geology of China, (6): 15-30 Xikengyuan in Zhejiang Province Late Jurassic.

Xilanta Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Xilanta, east of Jiangyema, 100 km east of Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a series of purplish red breccia

limestone and biolimestone with metamorphic basalt above the Jiangyema Formation Late Permian. Xileng Formation (1) (  1) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of

Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xileng close to Shiji, Chuxian County, Anhui Province For metamorphic volcanic rocks Neoproterozoic New name for the subdivision Zhangbaling Formation within the same name Changpaling Group; Homonym: Xileng Formation (2). Xileng Formation (2) (  2) Wang Pinxian, 1998, in Li Congxian, Wang Pinxian, et al., 1998, Stratigraphic

Study in the Yangtze River Estuary during Late Quaternary, Beijing: Science Press Xileng in Zhejiang Province For hard clay beds Pleistocene Homonymous

with Xileng Formation (1). Xiletu Formation ( ) Xiletu Series Guan Shicong, She Shuzheng, 1955, Acta Geologica Sinica, 35(2): 96 Xiletu in Otog Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For quartzite Proterozoic.

Xilikete Formation ( ) Li Zhangrong, Lu Yiju, 1986, in Qinghai Institute of Geology and Mineral Re-

sources & Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 1986, Carboniferous, Triassic Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of the southern slope of Buerhanbuda Mountain, Qinghai, Hefei: Anhui Science and Technology Press Xilikete, north of Hongshuichuan, Dulan County, Qinghai Province For a series of clastic rocks with interbeds of volcanic rocks Mid Triassic. Xilimiao Formation ( ) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geol-

ogy of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 201. First appeared in a 1979

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manuscript by Jiang Haoxian Xilimiao in Dorbod Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For yellowish green, grayish white tuffite, pink, grayish white tuffaceous lava, rhyolite with interbeds of crystalline limestone Early Permian. Xilingxia Formation ( ) Wang Xiaofeng, Xiang Liwen, et al., 1981, Trilobita of Sanyutung Group and the

Classification of Upper Cambrian Series, in Annual Report of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences [See also Wang X F, Ni S Z, Zeng Q L, Xu G H, Li Z H, Xiang L W, Lai C G, 1987, Biostrigraphy of the Yangtze Three Gorges Area (2), Early Paleozoic, Beijing: Geological Publishing House] Xilingxia Gorge in Yichang City, Hubei Province For Early Ordovician trilobita-bearing gray dolomite with siliceous nodule and bands within the Sanyutung Group Early Ordovician Xilingxia Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xilinkebo Formation (; ) Gao Zhenjia, Zhang Tairong, et al., 1966, Geological Science and Technology of Xinjiang, (2) Xilinkebo in Mazongshan Township, Subei County, Gansu Province For black thin silicalite, limestone and sandstone Mid Ordovician.

Xiliugou Formation ( ) Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Gansu Geology, (2) Xiliugou close to Yehulicheng, Yongdeng County, Gansu Province For red massive sandstone, with interbeds of grayish white fine conglomerate and rudite Eocene.

Xiluo Basalt ( #) Zhang Zhenggui, 1976, Newsletter of Stratigraphy and Paleontology of South-

western China, (8): 42. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by No. 1 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Xiluo in Puge County, Sichuan Province For a part within the Omeishan Basalt Late Permian Synonymous with Omeishan Basalt. Xiluokezong Formation ( ) Wen Shixuan, 2000, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet

Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000, Geological Evolution of the Karakoram-Kunlun Mountain, Beijing: Science Press, 70 Xiluokezong in Karakoram, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, grayish brown, yellow limestone, dark purple sandstone and conglomerate Late Cretaceous. Xilutian Formation ( 5) Hong Youchong, Yang Ziqiang, Wang Shitao, et al., 1974, Acta Geologica Sinica, 48(2): 113-158 Xilutian Coal Mining, Fushun City, Liaoning Province Dealing

with a member within the original Gucheng Formation, for alternating beds of green mudstone or green shaly marls Eocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Ximahe Travertine () Liu Minhou et al., 1964, in Geological Problems of Quaternary, Beijing: Science Press Ximahe, north of Baotashan, Kaili County, Guizhou Province For travertine Pleistocene. Ximalin Formation () Li Bai et al., 1981, The Nantianmen Group in the Zhangjiakou area, Hebei province, Regional Geology of China, (2): 44-53 Ximalin Town in Wanquan County, Hebei Province Dealing with the lower part of the original Tujingzi Formation, for lateritic red mudstone with interbeds of sandstone and conglomerate Late Cretaceous. Ximenyazi Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 147 Ximenyazi in Pu’er County, Yunnan Province For the sum of original Ximenyazi Formation and its underlying light gray carbonate rock strata Carboniferous. Ximing Sandstone ( /) Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 154. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Xi’an Academy of Coal Exploration Ximing in Western Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For the sandstone beds within the bottom of the Yuehmenkou Group Early Permian. Xinan Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 377 Xinan Town in Sanshui County, Guangdong Province For grayish white, yellowish white, purplish red thick-bedded conglomeratic sandstone, quartzose sandstone, muddy thin sandstone, and muddy siltstone, with purplish red, lateritic red thick rudite and breccia in the lower part Miocene. Xin’an Formation ( ) Zhou Guoqiang, Zheng Youming, 1996, Regional Geology of China, (4) Xin’an in Huazhou County, Guangdong Province For gray, grayish white metamorphic muddy sandstone, quartzose sandstone, grayish green siltstone and shale Mesoproterozoic. Xin’ancun Formation (1) (  1) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lijiang Sheet Xin’ancun in Yongsheng County,

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Yunnan Province For grayish white, grayish yellow quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of black silty mudstone and shale Late Triassic Homonym: Xin’ancun Formation (2). Xin’ancun Formation (2) (  2) Fan Mengshu, 1981, Coal Field Geology of Jilin, (8) Xin’ancun in Jilin Province Paleocene Homonymous with Xin’ancun Formation (1).

Xinanzhen Formation ( ) Xinan Formation Huang Zhenguo, Li Pingri, Zhang Zhongying, Li Konghong, Qiao Pengnian, 1982, The Formation and Evolution of Zhujiang Delta, Guangzhou: Guangzhou Branch of Popular Science Press Xinan Town in Sanshui County, Guangdong Province Dealing with underground strata of Xinanzhen K5 well, for dark gray silty clay and gravel-bearing sands Pleistocene New name of original Xinan Formation (Pleistocene). Xinaobaotu Formation ( ) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Xinaobaotu in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Xinbagou Formation ( ) Tong Zhengxiang, Chen Jirong, Qian Yongqin, 1990, Carboniferous-Early Per-

mian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Waluo Area, Yanbian, Sichuan, Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House Xinbagou in Yanbian Area, Sichuan Province Late Carboniferous. Xincai Formation ( )) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 77. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Henan Institute of Geology Xincai County, Henan Province For alternating beds of grayish black clay and grayish yellow clay Pleistocene. Xinchang Formation ( ) Nan Yi, 1961, Geological Newsletter of Guangdong, (7) Xinchang village in Taishan County, Guangdong Province For grayish green, purplish gray, yellow shale with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Early Ordovician. Xincheng Group ( ) Zheng Jiajian, Tong Yongsheng, Ji Hongxiang, Zhang Fa, 1973, Preliminary classification of red beds of Chijiang Basin, Jiangxi, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 11(2): 206-221 Xincheng Township, 30 km northeast of Dayu County, Jiangxi Province For the sum of Chijiang Formation and Pinghu Formation (1) Paleocene-Eocene Xincheng Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xinchengzi Formation ( ) Xinchengzi Sandstone Wang Jianzhang, 1963, in Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Xinchengzi, 40 km southwest of Yongchang County, Gansu Province For sandstone Early Carboniferous. Xincun Formation ( ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lanping Sheet Xincun in Yunnan Province Late Triassic Homonymous with Hsintsun Formation. Xindian Formation ( ) Hubei Institute of Regional Geological Survey, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Suixian Sheet Xindian in Suixian County, Hubei Province For a component formation within the local Tongbaishan Group Archean Homonymous with Hsintien Group.

Xindianzi Member ( ) Chen Yuanren, 1978, Several Problems of Devonian Stratigraphy in Longmenshan Area, Sichuan, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 104-122 Xindianzi close to Yangmaba, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province Dealing with a component member within the lower part of local Yangmapa Formation, for sandy shale, calcareous shale, limestone and marls Mid Devonian Homonymous with Hsintientzu Formation; Xindianzi Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xindong Speleothem (

) Beijing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Beijing Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.27], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 241 Xindong, west of original locality of anthropoid ape no.4, Zhoukoudian, Fangshan County, Beijing Municipality For speleothem Pleistocene. Xindongcun Formation ( ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 93 Xindongcun in Jilin Province For gneiss Ordovician. Xindu Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wuzhou Sheet Xindu in Hexian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For siltstone, fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of shales

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Mid Devonian Xindu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chro-

nostratigraphic meaning. Xinduqiao Formation ( ) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for

1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Daduhe Geology Team Xinduqiao in Kangding County, Sichuan Province For gray carbonaceous slate, phyllite with interbeds of quartzite Late Triassic. Xinertai Formation ( ) Hou Hongfei, Xiang Liwen, Lai Caigen, Lin Baoyu, 1979, Advances in the Paleozoic Stratigraphy of Tianshan-Xing’an region, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(3): 175-187. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Zhang Chuan & Wu Shizhi Xinertai in Huocheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark gray, gray siliceous, muddy, and carbonaceous siltstone, silicalite, siliceous mudstone, with interbeds of black shale and thin-bedded limestone Early-Mid Ordovician. Xinfatun Formation ( ") Yu Jianzhang, Zhang Wentang, 1951, Chinese Science Bulletin, 2(6): 625-629 Xinfatun, 17 km south of Yuquan Station, Acheng County, southeast of Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province For limestone Carboniferous-Permian. Xingang Formation ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 348. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Zhang Lanting Xingang in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province For yellowish brown clay and silt Pleistocene. Xing’anling Group () Xing’anling Volcanic Group Ning Qisheng, Tang Kedong, Cao Congzhou, Zhang Mengruo, 1959, Regional Geology and Mineral Resources Formation of Da Xing’anling and Its Adjacent Area, Regional Geology of Da Xing’anling, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Da Xing’anling close to Bokrtu, Hulun Buir Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks, volcanic sedimentary rocks (included Longjiang Formation (1), Jiufengshan Formation and Ganhe Formation in Heilongjiang Province, and Manketou’ebo Formation, Manitu Formation and Baiyingaolao Formation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) Late Jurassic. Xing’anqiao Formation () Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Du Qi Xing’anqiao

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

in Huma County, Heilongjinag Province Dealing with a component formation within the upper part of Xinghuadukou Group, for leptynite, gneiss, schist and marble Palaeoproterozoic. Xingdong Group () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 7 Xingdong in northern Heilongjiang Province For quartzite with interbeds of gneiss, marble and schist Proterozoic. Xingergou Group (() Zhao Xiangsheng et al., 1980, Sinian Tillites in Northwest China and Their Stratigraphic Significance, in North China Institute of Geology ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 164-185 Xingergou in Gansu Province Sinian. Xingezhuang Formation () Liu Mingwei et al., 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10) Xingezhuang in Laiyang City, Shandong Province For purple, yellowish green, grayish green fine grained stone to siltstone, with interbeds of rudite and marls Late Cretaceous. Xingfuyuan Formation ()) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet Xingfuyuan in Yinyugou, Jiyuan County, Henan Province For quartzite, schist and metamorphic sandstone Proterozoic. Xingfuzhilu Formation ()) Zhu Rufeng, Zheng Guangrui, 1992, The establishment of the Lower Triassic Xingfuzhilu Formation in the southern sector of the Greater Khingan Mountain and its geological implications, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.3 (serial no.42), 219-225 Xingfuzhilu in Balin You Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For parti-coloured conglomerate, purplish red greywacke, siltstone and rudite Triassic Synonymous with Taohaiyingzi Formation. Xinghe Group () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Wenguo ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (15), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 114. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by Shen Hongzhang Xinghe County, in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gneiss with interbeds of quartzite Archean. Xinghongpu Formation (&) Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological

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Survey Team Xinghongpu close to Sancha, Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province For grayish green, yellowish brown phyllite with interbeds of muddy limestone Mid Devonian Xinghongpu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xinghua Formation () Xinghuacun Formation Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 22 Xinghuacun close to Xinghuadukou, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province Dealing with a component formation within the lower part of Xinghuadukou Group, for amphibolites, leptynite, gneiss, schist and migmatite Palaeoproterozoic. Xinghuadukou Group () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Ge-

ology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 43. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Xu Lei Xinghuadukou in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For the sum of Xinghua Formation and Xing’anqiao Formation in Heilongjiang Province, and Xinghuacun Formation, Xing’anqiao Formation, Sanshiwugongli Formation and Xiaogulihe Formation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Palaeoproterozoic. Xinghuo Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 22. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Zhang Hairi Xinghuo in the middle reaches of Gunaniaohe river, Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For dark gray andesite, tuffaceous lava and tuffaceous conglomerate, with rudite and slate Late Carboniferous. Xingji Formation () Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 103 Xingji in Suning County, Jiangsu Province For alternating beds of brownish yellow clay and sands Pleistocene.

Xingkai Formation () Qu Guansheng, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mishan, Jidong, Hulin, Xingkaihu Farm Sheet Xingkaihu in Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province Late Triassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xingkaihu Formation ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 241. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Hu Junsheng Xingkaihu in Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish black silty clay with interbeds of sands Pleistocene. Xingli Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 152. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by Zhang Hairi & Liu Diansheng Xingli, west of Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province For volcanic rock, volcanic clastic rocks and conglomerate Late Permian. Xinglong Formation ( ) Jin Chuntai et al., 1989, Silurian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Erlangshan

District, Sichuan, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (11) Xinglong close to Luoquanwan, Erlangshan Area, Sichuan Province For gray, grayish green, grayish yellow mudstone with interbeds of limestone Early Silurian Homonym: Xinglong Group. Xinglong Group ( ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 44. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by Zhang Hairi & Pu Quansheng Xinglong close to Yilehuli Mountain, Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For the sum of Gaoligou Formation, Hongshenggou Formation and Sanchagou Formation Early Cambrian Homonymous with Xinglong Formation. Xinglongchang Formation ( ) Yin Hongfu, 1962, Acta Geologica Sinica, 42(3): 298-306 Xinglongchang, east of Xiazichang, Zunyi County, Guizhou Province For limestone and dolomite Early Triassic.

Xinglongcun Formation ( ) Xinglongcun Beds Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 157. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Shen Guomao, Wu Zhipu, et al. Xinglongcun in Baimaguan, Luojiang County, Sichuan Province Cretaceous.

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Xinglongshan Group ( ) Qu Zhanru, 1962, Acta Geologica Sinica, 42(4): 388-409 Xinglongshan in Xinglongxia, Yuzhong County, southeast of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province For metamorphic volcanic clastic rocks Mesoproterozoic. Xinglongzhai Formation ( ) Guizhou Working Team of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 12 Xinglongzhai in Yunnan Province Pleistocene. Xingmincun Formation ($) Yu Jianzhang, He Xinlu, Qiu Ganlin, Zhao Yiyang, Gong Nianzu, 1958, in Editorial Commission on Geology of China ed., 1958, Contribution to the Special Summary of Basic Material of Geology of China, (4), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xingmincun in Beishan, Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For sandstone, shale and limestone Proterozoic. Xingning Group () Zheng Jiajian, Qiu Zhanxiang, et al., 1983, Vertebrata Palasiatica, (11) Xingning Basin in Guangdong Province Dealing with the red beds in the Xingning Basin, for the sum of Heshui Formation and Yetang Formation Cretaceous. Xingou Formation ( ) Jin Chuntai et al., 1989, Silurian stratigraphy and paleontology of Erlangshan District, Sichuan, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (11) Xingou in Sichuan Province Early Ordovician Xingou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xingouzui Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 71. First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by Jianghan Department of Petroleum Exploration Xingouzui in Qianjiang County, Hubei Province For gray, red mudstone, marls and siltstone, with gypsum Paleocene-Eocene. Xingshikou Formation (() Xingshikou Subseries Yang Jie, 1957, Geological Review, 17(2): 161-179 Xingshikou in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality For conglomerate and black shales Late Triassic. Xingshuwa Formation (() Compiling Group for Liaoning Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Liaoning Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xingshuwa close to Xiaochengzi Township, Linxi County, Zhaowuda Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For breccia slate with interbeds of limestone lenticle Late Silurian.

1264

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xingtan Formation ((0) Li Pingri et al., 1986, Holocene stratigraphy along the coast of Guangdong, Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 8(3) Xingtan Town in Shunde City, Guangdong Province For brownish yellow, blackish yellow gravel-bearing clayey sand, clay Holocene. Xingxingxia Group () Lu Qing et al., 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of Hami Sheet Xingxingxia in Hami County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray gneiss, schist with interbeds of marble Mesoproterozoic.

Xingzi Group () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ruichang Sheet Xingzi County, Jiangxi Province For quartz schist, gneiss, migmatite and marble Palaeoproterozoic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Xinhe Formation ( ) No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongchang Sheet Xinhe Township in Shandan County, Gansu Province For yellowish green gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone, with grayish green, gray sandstone and purplish red sandstone in the upper part Mid Jurassic. Xinhekou Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 258 Xinhekou in Yuanjiang County, Hunan Province For reddish brown, purplish red, grayish green mudstone Eocene. Xinigou Formation ( ) Xinigou Epicrustal Rock Wang Renmin, 1991, Acta Petrologica Sinica, (4) Xinigou in Shanxi Province For epicrustal rocks Archean. Xinji Formation (1) ( 1) Xinji Phosphate-bearing Formation Henan Regional Geological Survey Team,

1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linru Sheet. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Henan Institute of Geology Xinji in Lushan County, Henan Province For phosphate-bearing sandstone, rudite, sand like phosphate and conglomeratic phosphate Early Cambrian Homonym: Xinji Formation (2). Xinji Formation (2) ( 2) Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qinglong Sheet Xinji Town in Qianxi County, Hebei

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Province For purplish red, dark purple thick conglomerate Mid Jurassic Homonymous with Xinji Formation (1). Xinjiang Group ( ) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China, Gansu, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gravel, sand and sandy clay Pleistocene Synonymous with Gobi Formation.

Xinkailing Formation (1) (  1) Xinkailing Shale Sugai K, 1942, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 49(585) Xinkailing close to Saima, Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province For shales Mid Jurassic Homonym: Xinkailing Formation (2), (3).

Xinkailing Formation (2) (  2) Yu Jianhua, Xia Shufang, et al., 1976, Bulletin of Nanking University (Natural Sciences), (2) Xinkailing close to Songxi, Wuning County, Jiangxi Province For black shale with interbeds of shell limestone Late Ordovician Homonymous

with Xinkailing Formation (1); Xinkailing Formation (2) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Xinkailing Formation (3) (  3) Liu Eryi, 1990, The structural characteristics of the Longgang volcano group in Jilin, Regional Geology of China, no.2 (serial no.33), 157-165 Xinkailing in Jilin Province For black basaltic volcanic lava Pleistocene Homonymous with

Xinkailing Formation (1). Xinkaipu Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 265. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Xinkaipu in Changsha City, Hunan Province For alternating beds of yellow sands and gravels and clay Pleistocene. Xinling Formation ( ) Qian Yiyuan, Li Jijin, et al., 1964, Chihkan of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, (1): 48-53 Xinling close to Hulesi, Ningzhong County, Anhui Province For grayish yellow, grayish green shale, sandy shale, siltstone and fine sandstone Mid Ordovician.

Xinlingzhen Formation () Zhang Zhenlai, Kong Fansong, et al., 1987, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (4), Triassic-Jurassic Period, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xinlingzhen in Hubei Province Mid Triassic.

1266

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xinlong Formation ( ) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Rongxian Sheet Xinlong in Nanping County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For purplish red conglomerate with conglomeratic siltstone, muddy siltstone and mudstone Early Cretaceous. Xinmin Formation ( $) No.2 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for

1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhalute Banner Sheet, Alukeerqin Banner Sheet Xinmin Township in Alukeerqin Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For parti-coloured volcanic clastic rocks, volcanic clastic sedimentary rocks, sedimentary rocks with interbeds of coal seams Mid Jurassic Hom-

onymous with Xinmin Slate. Xinmin Slate ( $ ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiushui Sheet Xinmin in Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province For bluish gray, dark gray thin tuffaceous slate with interbeds of tuffite and spilite Mesoproterozoic Homonym: Xinmin Formation. Xinminpu Group ( $) i.e. Huihuipu Group. Xinmudi Limestone (9) Yang Zunyi, Wu Shunbao, 1964, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 12(2) Xinmudi village, 1.5 km north of Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For thick and thin-bedded limestone with marls in the bottom Mid-Late Jurassic. Xinnongcun Formation ( :) No.4 Institute of Jilin Bureau of Geology, 1988, Jilin Geology, (3) Xinnongcun in Tonghua County, Jilin Province For quartzite, leucogranulite, tuffite with interbeds of marble Palaeoproterozoic. Xinping Formation ( ) Wang Xiaofeng, Xiang Liwen, et al., 1981, Trilobita of Sanyutung Group and the Classification of Upper Cambrian Series, in Annual Report of Chinese Academy of Geological Science [See also Wang X F, Ni S Z, Zeng Q L, Xu G H, Li Z H, Xiang L W, Lai C G, 1987, Biostrigraphy of the Yangtze Three Gorges Area (2), Early Paleozoic, Beijing: Geological Publishing House] Xinping in Yichang County, Hubei Province For a part within the Sanyutung Formation Mid Cambrian Xinping Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xinpo Formation ( ) Liang Wenji, Zhao Mingte, 1986, A new Devonian stratigraphical unit, Xinpo Formation of Wuxiangling, Nanning, Journal of Stratigraphy, 10(3): 212-215 Xi-

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npo close to Wuxiangling, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Composed mainly of silicalite and volcanic tuffite Early Devonian. Xinqin Formation ( ) Zhang Liang, 1992, Guangdong Geology, (?) Xinqin in Guangdong Province Devonian.

Xintan Conglomerate ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 116 Xintan in Zigui County, Hubei Province For gray massive conglomerate Pleistocene Homonymous with Sintan Formation. Xintang Formation ( ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhuzhou Sheet Xintang in Jiangxi Province Late Per-

mian. Xintang Member ( /) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology

of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 245. First appeared in a 1971 manuscript by No.150 Guangxi Geology Team Xintang in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For a component formation within the upper part of Nadang Formation Mid Jurassic. Xintiangou Formation ( ) Sichuan Air Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qijiang Sheet Xintiangou in Hechuan County, Sichuan Province For yellowish green, purplish red and dark gray mudstone and siltstone with interbeds of siltstone and biolimestone lenticle Mid Jurassic.

Xintianmen Formation ( ) Hunan Institute of Geology, 1979, Lower Cretaceous in Mayuan Basin, Hunan,

in Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds of South China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Hunan Corporation of Coal Field Xintianmen close to Changce, Yizhang County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of grayish black quartzose sandstone and silty mudstone, with black siltstone, carbonaceous mudstone, mudstone and siltstone Early Jurassic. Xintun Formation ( ) Jilin Institute of Regional Geological Survey, 1991, Jilin Geology, (4) Xintun in Jilin Province Early Permian.

1268

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xinwu Formation ( ) Chu Chaoling, 1978, Upper Cambrian Deposits in Eastern Sichuan and Southwestern Hubei, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 2(1): 57-66 Xinwu close to Taiping, Fengdu County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of gray limestone and dolomite Late Cambrian Xinwu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit

with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Xinxing Formation (1) (  1) Zaho Wenxu et al., 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hualin Town Sheet Xinxing Foresty Farm, Hailin County, Heilongjiang Province For gray, grayish black phyllite, muddy slate grayish green metamorphic siltstone and leptynite Neoproterozoic Homonym: Xinxing Formation (2), (3).

Xinxing Formation (2) (  2) Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuzhou Sheet Xinxing Township, Cangshan County, Shandong Province Dealing with a component formation within the Huaihe Group, for

light blue, yellowish gray and purple muddy limestone, purplish gray shaly marls, yellowish green shales and gray shaly marls Neoproterozoic Homony-mous with Xinxing Formation (1). Xinxing Formation (3) (  3) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology

of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 282. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Xinxing farm in Liujiang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For speleothem Pleistocene Homonymous with Xinxing Formation (1). Xinxingcun Formation ( ) Sui Liancheng, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xinxingcun Sheet Xinxingcun in Heilongjiang Province Late Carboniferous-

Early Permian. Xinyang Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xinyang in Yunnan Province Pliocene.

Xinyang Group () Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Xin County Area Xinyang City, Henan Province For the sum of Guishan Formation and Nanwan Formation Devonian.

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Xinye Formation ( ) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 310. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Henan Institute of Geology Xinye in Nanyang City, Henan Province For grayish yellow, brownish yellow clay with interbeds of black clay and sand beds Pleistocene. Xinyigenhe Formation (  ) No.2 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Genhe Sheet Xinyigenhe in Erguna You Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For gray, grayish black siltstone with interbeds of sandy mudstone, rudite and conglomerate Late Carboniferous.

Xinyingcun Formation ( ) Chen Chuzhen et al., 2000, Marine Triassic, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and

Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979-1999), Hefei, China University of Science and Technology Press, 241258, table 12-3 (II) Xinyingcun in Heqing County, northwestern Yunnan Province Late Triassic. Xinyu Formation ( ) Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China,

Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhang Yuping & Tong Yongshen Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province For purplish red, grayish purple sandy mudstone, muddy sandstone and rudite Eocene. Xinyuan Formation ( () Zhao Jinke, Chen Chuzhen, Liang Xiluo, 1962, The Triassic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 24. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Wang Yu et al. Xinyuan village, 3 km east of Zisong Town, Wangmo County, Guizhou Province For particoloured muddy and calcareous shales with interbeds of sandstone, and with thinbedded marls occasionally Mid Triassic. Xinzha Formation () Fan Yingnian, 1994, Lithofacies and Paleogeography, 14(3): 10-17 Xinzha in Zharu valley, Nanping County, Sichuan Province For dark gray limestone with flint nodule Early Carboniferous. Xinzhai Member ( ) No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guiyang Sheet Xinzhai close to Baizuo, Huishui County, Guizhou Province For a component member within the upper part of Baizuo Formation Early Carboniferous Homonymous with Hinchai Conglom-

erate.

1270

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xinzhong Formation ( ) Qu Guansheng, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mishan Sheet Xinzhongshan in Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province Dealing with the lower part of the original Heitai Formation, for gray silty slate Early

Devonian. Xinzhuang Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, vii+247. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by Hu Xuezhi et al. Xinzhuang village in Chapu Township, Fanshi County, Shanxi Province For metamorphic muddy and sandy deposits with volcanic clastic rocks and volcanic rocks Archean Homonymous with Hsinchuang Formation. Xinzhuang Formation ( ) Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geol-

ogy of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 247. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Zhang Xianqiu Xinazhuang close to Dalangshan, Sanshui County, Guangdong Province Dealing with undergroud strata in ZK52 Hole, for dark red conglomerate, rudite, gavel-bearing sandstone, with alternating beds of dark red and black muddy siltstone, silty mudstone, calcareous mudstone and gypsum beds Paleocene Synonym: Xinzhuangcun Formation. Xinzhuang Formation ( ) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bengbu Sheet Xinzhuang in Wuhe County, Anhui Province For grayish yellow, grayish green and parti-coloured sands, mud, and gravels Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous.

Xinzhuangcun Formation ( ) Li Hanming, 1995, Tertiary lithostratigraphic classification of Guangdong, Guangdong Geology, 10(1): 69-76 Xinzhaung village, close to Dalangshan, Sanshui County, Guangdong Province Underground strata in ZK52 Hole, for dark red conglomerate, rudite, gravel-bearing sandstone, with alternating beds of dark red and black muddy siltstone, silty mudstone, calcareous mudstone and gypsum beds Paleocene Synonymous with Xinzhuang Formation.

Xiongencuo Formation () Yin Jixiang, Guo Shizeng, 1978, Science in China, D: Earth Sciences, (1) Xiongencuo in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Permian.

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Xionger Group (* ) Qinling Regional Geological Survey Team, 1959, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoning Sheet Xiongershan in Luoning County, Henan Province  For andesite, rhyolite, basalt and volcanic clastic rocks Mesoproterozoic Synonym: Xiyanghe Group.

Xiongjiashan Formation (*) Du Dinghan, Guo Hongxiang, 1985, On a new staratigraphic unit Early Tournaisian Age Xiongjiashan Formation, Geology of Shaanxi, 3(2): 47-52 Xiongjiashan in Shaanxi Province Early Carboniferous.

Xiongmei Formation () Chen Ting’en, 1986, Ordovician System of Xainza and Baingoin, Tibet, Chihkan of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, (10): 3-12 Xiongmei, east of Riajue Hill in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For purplish muddy banded limestone Mid Ordovician.

Xiongqin Formation (+) No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shanglaxiu Sheet Xiongqin area in Yushu County, Qinghai Province For muddy limestone and bioclastic limestone Mid-Late De-

vonian. Xipiaoluo Formation ( =$) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongning Sheet Xipiaoluo in Ninglang County, Yunnan Province For basalt Permian Synonymous with Omeishan Basalt.

Xiping Basalt ( ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Jilin

Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 294. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team Xiping Town in Helong County, Jilin Province For basalt Pleistocene Synonymous with Nanping Formation. Xipingshan Formation ( $) Zheng Zhaochang, Zhang Gang, Li Yuzhen, Liu Zhicai, Liu Ruiqi, 1982, An

outline of the strata in the Badain Jaran Area, Inner Mongolia, Journal of Stratigraphy, 6(3): 225-230 Xipingshan close to Zhusilenghaierhan, Badain Jaran District, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish green, light gray and pink sandstone, with three beds of bio-reef limestone, and with a set of purplish red clastic rocks in the upper part Late Devonian.

1272

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xipo Formation ( ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengxian Sheet Xipo close to Liufengguan, Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province Dealing with a part within the local Liufengguan Group,

for the alternating beds of gray thick calcareous siltstone, slate, thin limestone, silicalite and muddy banded limestone Late Triassic Xipo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Xipoli Formation ( ) Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Shengzhi ed.), 1996, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (13), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hebei Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 119. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Cai Qianzhong Xipoli in Lingshan Town, Quyang County, Hebei Province For alternating beds of gray, white, yellowish green calcareous, muddy shale, sandstone and limestone Paleocene. Xiqian Formation (&() Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Xiqian in Buyun County, Yunnan Province For a component formation within the local Lancang Group Pre-Ordovician.

Xiqiaoshan Group ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 377 Xiqiaoshan in Nanhai County, Guangdong Province For gray, grayish white, grayish yellow, yellowish brown trachyte, trachytic tuffitic breccia Pliocene A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Xiqiu Group ( ) Wen Peiran, 1992, Regional Geology of Nujiang-Lancang-Jinsha River District, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiqiu Township, 20 km northwest of Muli County, Sichuan Province For dark gray breccia limestone Carboniferous A

group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Xiqiuhe Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.2 Element of No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Xiqiuhe in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For silty slate, tuffite and sandstone, with gravel-bearing tuffaceous sandstone and slate with interbeds of thin marls Early Ordovician.

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Xiquegou Formation (?) Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of

Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 382. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Lin Shuji Xiquegou close to Bilangying, Qinglong County, Guizhou Province For grayish green muddy and sandy gravels Pleistocene. Xirehada Group () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Xirehada in Gansu Province For siltstone, marble and fine-grained conglomerate Late Ordovician. Xisha Formation ( ) Wang Chongyou, He Xixian, Yuan Songyu, 1979, Experimental Geology of Petroleum, (1): 23-38 Xisha Islands of China For dolomite scraps, calcite scraps, bio-scarps and dolomitic sands Miocene. Xishan Basalt ( ) Hu Junsheng, 1993, in Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 254 Xishan close to Taxi in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For a isolated basalt hill called the Wuchagou basalt Miocene Homonymous with Hsishan Formation (1). Xishan Formation (1) (  1) Xishan Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku. Imp. Univ., (13): 1-84 Xishan in Liaoning Province For coal-bearing beds Carboniferous Homonymous with Hsishan Formation (1). Xishan Formation (2) (  2) He Xilin et al., 1995, Late Paleozoic study of stratigraphic classification, correlation and Paleontology of the Eastern Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, Changchun, Jilin University Press Eastern Hills, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For the upper part of the original Shihhotse Formation Late Permian Homonymous with Hsishan Formation (1), Xishan Formation (2) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xishan Sandstone ( ) Inai Y, 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku. Imp. Univ., (13): 1-84 Xishan in Liaoning Province For sandstone Carboniferous Homonymous with Hsishan Formation (1).

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xishanbulake Formation ( ) Zhang Sengui, 1985, Cambrian Stratigraphic Classification and the Characters of

the Fauna of Kuruktagh, Xinjiang, in Xinjiang Institute of Geological Sciences ed., 1985, Contr. Res. Geol. Xinjiang, Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House, 36-58 Xishanbulake close to the northern slope of the Miheer Mountain, Yuli County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the lower part of the original Xidashan Formation Early Cambrian Xishanbulake Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xishancun Formation ( ) Wutai Group of No.1 Division of North China Institute of Geological Sciences,

Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, North China Institute of Geological Sciences, 133-140 Xishancun, east of Wutai County, Shanxi Province For pink conglomerate, grayish purple, purplish red sandy slate Proterozoic Homonym: Xishancun Member. Xishancun Member ( ) Xiaxishancun Formation Pan Jiang, Wang Shitao, et al., 1978, Continental De-

vonian of South China, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 240-269. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Yunnan Petroleum Geological Survey Team Xishancun in Qujing County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a component formation within the bottom of the Tzuifengshan Formation, for massive hard quartzose sandstone with interbeds of yellowish green and black shale Early Devonian Homonymous with Xishancun Formation. Xishanjie Formation ( ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ganzhou Sheet Xiashanjie in Jiangxi Province Mid Or-

dovician. Xishanping Formation ( ) Yang Xuelin, 1959, Geological Review, 19(10): 459-464 Xishanping in Helong County, Jilin Province For sandstone, sandy mudstone with interbeds of thin coal seams Cretaceous.

Xishantou Formation (1) (  1) Kang Qingshan, 1984, Jurassic Coal-bearing Stratigraphic Classification and Cor-

relation of Qinghai, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (1), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.105 Qinghai Coal Field Geology Team Xishantou in Qinghai Province For the sum of the sandy mudstone member within the original Muli Formation and the transitional member Mid Jurassic Homonym: Xishantou Formation (2).

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Xishantou Formation (2) (  2) Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 149 Xishantou close to Jiuliping, Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with the component formation of the Moshishan Group, for acidic volcanic clastic rocks with interbeds of sedimentary rocks Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Xishantou Formation (1). Xishanyao Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1946 manuscript by Gao Zhigeng Xishanyao, west of Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, grayish green, purplish red sandstone, carbonaceous mudstone with interbeds of coal seams Mid Jurassic. Xishuanghu Formation ( ) Wu Ruizhong, Hu Chengzu, Wang Chengshan, et al., 1985, Stratigraphic System of Qiangtang, Northern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (9), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xishuanghu in Shuanghu County, Northern Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray limestone, gravelscraps limestone and marls with interbeds of calcareous quartzose sandstone Early Triassic. Xishuangyingshan Formation ( ) No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Niujuanzi Sheet Xishuangyingshan in Subei County, Gansu Province For alternating beds of black siliceous limestone and limestone Late Cambrian Xishuangyingshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xitan Member ( ) Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xitan village in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province A component member within the lower part of the Hedi Formation, for light brownish red mudstone, with brownish yellow sandstone in the lower part, and with interbeds of dolomite in the upper part Eocene. Xitang Formation ( ) Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 213, 215 Xitang in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou District, Zhejiang Province For the upper part of the Jiaxing Formation Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xitun Member ( ) Pan Jiang, Wang Shitao, et al., 1978, Continental Devonian of South China, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 240-269. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Yunnan Petroleum Geological Survey Team Xitun close to Xishancun in Qujing County, Yunnan Province Dealing with a component formation within the middle part of the Tzuifengshan Formation, for yellowish green, grayish green shale, mudstone, siltstone with interbeds of marls and thin muddy limestone Early Devonian. Xiufeng Formation (,) Zhang Wencai (Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team), 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tahe Area Sheet Xiufeng Township in Tahe County, Heilongjiang Province For conglomerate, rudite with interbeds of lenticular sandstone Early-Mid Jurassic. Xi Ujimqin Formation ( )) Xiwuqi Formation Ueda F, Sasakura M, 1937, Geol. Geogr. Southwest Manch., 21-80 Xi Ujimqin Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of sandstone and shale with interbeds of limestone lenticle Carboniferous-Permian. Xiukang Group (-) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yandong Sheet Xiukang close to Jienu, Liuqu, Lazi County. Tibet Autonomous Region For sandstone, slate with interbeds of marls, volcanic rocks and silicalite Late Triassic Synonymous with Lanjiexue Group. Xiuning Formation ( ) Qian Yiyuan et al., 1964, in Chihkan of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academis Sinica, Stratigraphy, (1) Xiuning County, Anhui Province De-

aling with a subdivision within the middle part of the Hsiuning Sandstone, for sandstone and shale Early Cambrian Homonymous with Hsiuning Sandstone. Xiushan Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 73. First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Ge Zhizhou Xiushan County, southeastern Sichuan Province For yellowish green, bluish gray quartzose sandstone, silty mudstone and coarse-grained sandstone Mid Silurian. Xiuying Formation () Hainan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Chen Zhepei ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (46), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hainan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press,

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96. First appeared in a manuscript by Yang Jiguang et al. Xiuying Hospital in Haikou City, Hainan Province For alternating beds of parti-coloured sandy shales, massive clay and rudite Pleistocene. Xiuzigou Formation (.) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geol-

ogy, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang Area Xiuzigou in Shengwan Township, Xichuan County, Henan Province For alter-

nating beds of brownish gray dolomitic limestone and limestone, with flint in the upper part and marls in the lower part Cambrian-Ordovician. Xiwa Formation ( ) Chen Piji, Wen Shixuan, Li Baixian, et al., 1980, Research on Late Mesozoic continental stratigraphy of western Liaoning, Chihkan of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, (1): 22-25 Xiwa in Shandong Province For the sum of Bamudi Formation, Tianjialou Formation and Fanggezhuang Formation Early Cretaceous Xiwa Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Xiwanzi Formation ( ) Zhou Shaolin et al., 1993, Early Precambrian Geology and Iron Mining of Bei-

jing [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.34], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xiwanzi in Beijing Municipality Archean. Xixiabangma Diamictite () Xixiabangma Ice Age Till Zhao Xitao, Guo Xudong, Gao Fuqing, 1976, Qua-

ternary Stratigraphy of Mt. Jolmolungma Region, in Scientific Expedition Team of Mt. Jolmolungma, Academia Sinica ed., 1976, Expedition Report of Mt. Jolmolungma (1966-1968), Quaternary Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 10 Xixiabangma Mt. in Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene The name of this unit should not be named from the source of its components. Xixiabangmafeng Group () China Mountaineering Party and Scientific Expedition of Xixiabangma Mt., 1982, Report of Scientific Expedition of Xixiabangma Area, Beijing: Science Press Xixiabangma Mt., Tibet Autonomous Region For the sum of Liangquan Formation and Boqu Formation Pre-Carboniferous.

Xixiakou Formation ( ) Xixiakou Member Wang Qichao, Zhang Shaoqing, Qi Honglie, 1994, Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources of Notth China, 9(1): 47-63 Xixiakou in Qianxi County, eastern Hebei Province Dealing with a component formation

within the lower part of the Qianxi Group, for granulite with interbeds of leptynite and quartzite Archean.

1278

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xiya’ergang Formation ( /) Wu Ruizhong, Hu Chengzu, Wang Chengshan, et al., 1985, Stratigraphic System

of Qiangtang Area, Northern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (9), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Xiya’ergang Snow Mt., southwest of Shuanghu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For carbonate rocks Late Triassic. Xiyang Formation ( ) Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of

Fujian Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 172. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Cheng Yuantian Xiyang in Fujian Province For alluvial deposits Pleistocene. Xiyanghe Group ( ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet Xiyanghe in Henan Province For andesite and rhyolite Proterozoic Synonymous with Xionger Group.

Xiyihejiu Formation ( ) Xiyihejiu Coal-bearing Beds Guan Shicong, 1957, Geological Knowledge, (12): 19-22 Xiyihejiu, 27 km northeast of Langshan, Hanggin Houqi (Xamba), Bayannuar League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For altenating beds of sandstone, conglomerate, and shale, with coal seams Carboniferous-Permian. Xiyu Formation ( ) Wang Wenxian, 1986, A study on the development history of the Quaternary De-

posits of the Lopnur Lake glacial stage and its adjacent area, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 75-86 Xiyu (Hsiyu or Siyu) (be called by a joint name for the sum of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the Middle Asia Area west of Yumenguan during the time of the Han Dynasty) For the sum of Hsiyu Conglomerate, Qiongku’erkapugou Beds and Tiebanhe Beds Pleistocene Possessed same name and subordinate relationships Homonymous with the Hsiyu Conglomerate. Xizha Group ( ) Han Tonglin, 1983, On the Shading Slate Series, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xizha in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Cretaceous A group without any formations

deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Xizhashan Formation ( ) Tibet Integrative Geology Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Xizhashan, east of Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region For foraminifer-bearing limestone and clastic rocks Early Cretaceous.

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Xu’an Formation (0) Kong Xiangsheng et al., 1995, Precambrian Geology of Chencai Area, Zhejiang, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Xu’an in Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province A component formation within the top of Chencai Group, for gneiss and leptynite Mesoproterozoic.

Xuancheng Formation (1) Chen Huacheng, Wang Yunhui, Yan Youyin, 1978, Geology of East China, (1) Xuancheng County, Anhui Province For the strata part without marine beds within the local Kaolishan Formation Early Carboniferous Xuancheng Forma-

tion is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xuande Formation (1) Wang Chongyou, He Xixian, Yuan Songyu, 1979, Experimental Geology of Petroleum, (1): 23-38 Xuande in Xisha Island, South China Sea For white clastic limestone Miocene

Xuanfenggou Formation (2) Xu Chaolei, 1980, Geological Science and Technology of Shanxi, (3) Xuanfenggou close to Tongshan Town, Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the Jiangxian Group, for gneiss and migmatite Pala-

eoproterozoic. Xuanjiangping Formation (3) Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Xuanjiangping close to Kuanchuanpu, Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province For carbonaceous slate with interbeds of silicalite, mudstone and grayish green siltstone Early Cambrian. Xuanren Formation (3) Wu Tieshan, Sun Liqing, 1996, Regional Geology of China, (3) Xuanren village, close to the Hutuohe river, Daixian County, Shanxi Province For the first terrace deposits of recent river Holocene.

Xuanwutian Formation (1 ) No.2 T Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mile Sheet Xuanwutian in Yunnan Province Mid Devonian.

Xuchang Clay (4 ) Xuchang Brown Clay Ma Rongzhi, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 278-281 Xuchang City, Henan Province For brown clay Pleistocene.

1280

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xuchika Formation (4) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet Xuchika in Sichuan Province For dark gray, black limestone Early Carboniferous.

Xucun Member (0) Zhang Zenqi, Chi Shouxiang, et al., 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10) Xucun in Muping County, Shandong Province For the graphite-bearing strata within the lower part of the Douya Formation Palaeoproterozoic.

Xuefeng Diamictite () Xuefeng Tillite Cao Zhaoyuan, Yu Qinghe, 1982, About the Quaternary Ice

Age Classification of Western Hunan and Eastern Guizhou, Bulletin of Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geolgical Science, (2): 25-37 Xuefengshan in Hunan Province For sands and gravel beds Pleistocene. Xuefeng Member (5) Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 176. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.185 Shaanxi Coal Field Geology Team Xuefeng in Shaanxi Province For a component formation within the lower part of the local Shihchienfeng Formation Early Triassic. Xuehuagou Formation ( ) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 22. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Xuehuagou in Lushan County, Henan Province For a component formation within the Taihua Complex Archean. Xuejiagou Formation () Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xi Wenxiang, Pei Fang ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (46), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Henan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 199. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Liu Houyi Xuejiagou close to Wenyu, Lushi County, Henan Province For red conglomerate, grayish yellow sandy clay with interbeds of lenticular conglomerate Miocene. Xuepingli Formation () Zhu Weiyuan, 1988, Gansu Geology, (9): 16-28 Xuepingli in Gansu Province Late Devonian.

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Xueshanliangzi Formation () Xueshanliangzi Series, Xueshanliang Series Li Chengxian, 1941, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (3): 85-116 Xueshanliangzi, 25 km northeast of Songpan County, Sichuan Province Composed chiefly of black slate, with interbeds of green schist, black flint and coal seams Devonian-Carboniferous.

Xueshuihe Diamictite () Xueshuhe Tillite Wu Xiangnong, 1994, in Cheng Yuqi ed., Concise Regional Geology of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 191, table 3-5 Xueshuihe in Eastern Kunlun Mountain, Qinghai Province For diamictite Pleistocene Homonymous with Xueshuihe Formation.

Xueshuihe Formation () Xueshuihe Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Ge-

ology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 20, chart 53 Xueshuihe in Kekexili Mountain, Qinghai Province For green sandstone, phyllite, carbonaceous shale, siliceous limestone, dolomite and marble Paleozoic Homonym: Xueshuihe Diamictite. Xugou Formation (0) Yang Jialu et al., 1991, Cambrian Stratigraphy, Lithofacies-Paleogeography and Trilobita Fauna of Eastern Qinling Mt.-Dabashan Mt., Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Xugou, 8 km southwest of Shengwan, Xichuan County, Henan Province For dolomite and muddy banded limestone Late Cambrian. Xujiachong Member (0) Zhang Xinping, 1966, Proceedings of Jianshui Meeting of Palaeontological Society of China (1966)  Xujiachong in Qujing County, Yunnan Province For purplish red, brownish yellow, grayish green mudstone, muddy siltstone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Early Devonian. Xujialiao Formation (4) Hu Lanying, 1981, Discussion on the Geologic Age of Jiaowei Formation and Xiayang Formation in Lei-Qiong Area, in Zeng Dingqian ed., 1981, Tertiary of North Continental Shelf of South China Sea, Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 231-232 Xujialiao in Guangdong Province For the lower part within the original Jiaowei Formation, with Early Miocene foraminiferous fossils Early Miocene Xujialiao Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xujiaquan Formation (0) Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Qichang ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (64), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 25 Xujiaquan close to Zhangdajing, Tongxin County, Ningxia

1282

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Hui Autonomous Region For conglomerate, breccias and gravel-bearing slate Cambrian. Xujiashan Formation (0) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing Sheet Xujiashan in Anhui Province Mid Trias-

sic. Xujiayao Formation (4) Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Jia Lanpo & Wei Qi Xujiayao in Gucheng Town, Yanggao County, Shanxi Province For yellowish green, grayish green clay, yellowish brown, pink sands Pleistocene. Xujiazhai Formation (0) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Xujiazhai in Yunxian County, Yunnan Province Pre-Ordovician.

Xujiazhuang Group (0) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 143 Xujiazhuang in Xiuzigou, Shengwan Township, Xichuan County, Henan Province For dolomite and limestone Late Cambrian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification; Homonymous with Hsuchiachuang Limestone; Xujiazhuang Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xukou Formation (6) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000

Scale Geological Map: Gaomi, Qingdao, Lingshan Sheet. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Xukou in Yongcheng County, Shandong Province Holocene Xukou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Xulintou Formation (4) Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of

Fujian Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 172. First appeared in a manuscript by Huang Bailin et al. Xulintou close to the estuary of Jiulongjian River, Fujian Province For recent alluvial deposits Holocene.

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Xuman Formation (4) Dong Weiping, 1987, in Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Guizhou Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.7], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 306 Xuman village, 30 km northwest of Wangmo County, Guizhou Province For sandstone, shale and limestone Mid Triassic. Xuniwusu Formation (0) Hu Xiao, Niu Shuyin, Zhang Yingtao, 1987, The Middle-Late Silurian Flysch in the Bainaimiao Area, Inner Mongolia, Regional Geology of China, (4): 333-340 Xuniwusu close to Bainaimiao, Dorbod Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For light metamorphic clastic rocks, limestone and metamorphic tuffite Mid Silurian. Xunjiang Formation ( ) Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 283. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Xunjiang in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Composed of yellow, brownish red gravel beds and clay Pleistocene. Xunjiansi Formation (7 ) Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, (11) Xunjiansi village in Shimen Township, Luonan County, Henan Province For gray siliceous bedded limestone with interbeds of marls Mesoproterozoic. Xushan Formation (4) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet Xushan village, close to the boundary between Jiyuan County and Yuanqu County, Henan Province For andesite, andesitic basalt with interbeds of rhyolite and volcanic clastic rocks Mesoproterozoic. Xuzhong Formation (0) No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mangkang Sheet, Yanjing Sheet Xuzhong in Chaya County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a part within the Xiangdui Group Late Cretaceous. Xuzhou Formation (0 ) Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuzhou Sheet Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province Early Cambrian Xuzhou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronos-

tratigraphic meaning.

Y Ya’an Gravel (/) Ya’an Formation Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press & the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections) Ya’an County, Sichuan Province For gravel Pleistocene.

Yabei Formation (/) No.2 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Paleozoic of Xinjiang

(Summary of Stratigraphy of Xinjiang II), Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House North of Yasu Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For pink siltstone with interbeds of silicalite Late Carboniferous. Yagan Complex () Yagan Metamorphic Core Complex, Yagan Core Complex Zheng Y, Wang S, Wang Y, et al., 1991, Science in China, B: Chemistry, 34(9): 1 146-1 152 Yagan, 10 km southwest of Jindu’aobao, western Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For banded gneiss, banded marble, xylonite gneiss, xylonite-gneissic granite and quartz schist Proterozoic.

Yageliemu Formation (') Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Xinjiang Department of Petroleum Yageliemu in Baicheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For light purple, purplish gray conglomeratic sandstone Early Cretaceous Synonymous with Taqlaq Group. Yahua Formation ( ) Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Hainan Island Yahua close to Damao, Yaxian County, Hainan Province For dark gray limestone with interbeds of black carbonaceous and siliceous shale and quartzose sandstone Early Ordovician.

Yaishan Formation i.e. Yashan Formation. Yajiang Formation (/ ) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Fang Jiasong Yajiang County, Sichuan Province For dark gray sandstone, slate, with interbeds of quartzose sandstone Late Triassic Synonym: Huanhe Formation.

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1285

Yajiu Formation (/) No.3 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Yajiu close to Guyu Township, 65 km northwest of Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray, grayish green, purplish red slate, phyllite and volcanic rocks, with clastic rocks, conglomerate with interbeds of marble and dolomite in the upper part Sinian. Yakeshi Conglomerate () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 119, chart 2 Yakeshi (today Yahusi Temple) in Xiguitu Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For brownish red muddy conglomerate and sandstone Late Cretaceous. Yakoutian Formation ( ) Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingren, Anlong Sheet Yakoutian, 1 km northwest of Huagong Township, Qinglong County, Guizhou Province For dark gray lime-

stone, marls and clay with interbeds of sandstone and coal seams, included Shuishanba Member (Lower) and Yutang Member (Upper) Early Permian Synonym: Huagong Formation; Yakoutian Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Yalaguzi Formation () Fang Ruilian, 1980, Xinjiang Geology, (4): 107-108 Yalaguzi in Qiakemalike valley, Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with a component formation above the unconformity within the original Tisnab Formation, for a series of sandstone lenticle-bearing pink thick conglomerate with interbeds of sandstone, silty mudstone and sandstone Sinian. Yali Formation () Mu Enzhi et al., 1973, Science in China, D: Earth Sciences, (1) Yali in Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For black, grayish black limestone or dolomite, shale with interbeds of sandstone Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous. Yalidonggou Member () Lin Baoyu et al., 1989, [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (2)Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Eastern valley, close to Yali, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Devonian Yalidonggou is not the geographic name. Yaluhe Formation (/) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry

1286

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 333. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Chu Benjun et al. Yaluhe in Longjiang County, Heilongjiang Province For yellow gravel beds and muddy gravels Pleistocene. Yalujiang Group (8 ) Jilin Institute of Geology, 1991, Jilin Geology, (4) Yalujiang river in Jilin Province For a part within the original Jian Group Paleoproterozoic.

Yan’an Sandstone (9) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 179, chart 40 Yan’an County, Shaanxi Province For quartzose sandstone within the lower part of the Yen’an Formation Early Jurassic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Yen’an Formation. Yanba Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Gu Xueda, Liu Xiaohu ed.),

1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (51), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Sichuan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 23. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Li Zhenxing Yanba in Huili County, Sichuan Province For a part within the Limahe Formation Mesoproterozoic Synonymous with Limahe Formation. Yancheng Formation (:) Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xu Xuesi ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (32), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangsu Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 257. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by East China Bureau of Petroleum Exploration Yancheng County, Jiangsu Province For rhythmic beds composed of brownish red, grayish green mudstone, sandstone and conglomerate MiocenePliocene. Yanchi Conglomerate () Zhou Shengsheng, Jiang An, 1953, Acta Geologica Sinica, 33(2): 149-183. First appeared in a manuscript by Gao Zhenxi et al. Yanji (Yanchi) in Echeng County, Hubei Province For conglomerate Cretaceous.

Yanchi Loess ('

)

Yanchi Red Loess Beijing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Beijing Municipality[Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.27], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 254 Yanchi in Western Hills, Beijing Municipality For red loess Pleistocene.

Y

1287

Yanchibeishan Formation (:) Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yanchibeishan in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Permian. Yanchiwan Formation (:) Yanchiwan Group No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yueyahu Sheet Yanchiwan close to Yueyahu, Subei County, Gansu Province For conglomerate, sandstone and slate Ordovician. Yandun Formation () Zhao Xitao et al., 1979, A preliminary study of Holocene stratigraphy and sea level changes along the coast of Hainan Island, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1979(4): 350-358 Yandun in Wenchang County, Hainan Province For rudite, sand with organic clay and sandy clay Holocene. Yanfang Formation (;) Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yanfang close to Zhanyi, Qujing County, Yunnan Province For dark gray, grayish black and light gray limestone, marls and massive limestone Early Carboniferous. Yang’an Formation () Shi Shaofeng, Jiang Chuanren, 1983, Geology of Zhejiang, (2) Yang’an in Zhejiang Province Sinian. Yangba Formation () Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Western Qinling Geology Team Yangba in Kangxian County, Gansu Province For metamorphic volcanic clastic rocks, lava with interbeds of sandstone, mudstone, quartzite and schist Mesoproterozoic. Yangbaiyu Member () Wu Tieshan, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Yangbaiyu in Shanxi Province Archean. Yangbajing Diamictite ( ) Yangbajing Tillite Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 251. First appeared in a

1288

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

manuscript by Qian Fang Yangbajing in Gangdise-Nyainqentanglha Area, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene. Yangbazhai Formation ( ) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 69 Yangbazhai close to Baliu, Mojiang County, Yunnan Province For gray, black, grayish green mudstone, muddy siltstone, siltstone with interbeds of quartzose sandstone, tuffite and coal seams Late Permian. Yangbowan Formation See Yangpowan Formation. Yangbulake Formation () No.9 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mulei Sheet Yangbulake in Mulei County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, grayish purple volcanic tuffite, tuffaceous siltstone, sandstone, rudite, with interbeds of andesite Early Cambrian. Yangbuzhen Sandstone () i.e. misunderstanding of Yangfutsien Sandstone. Yangchangguan Formation (  ) Kang Peiquan, Wang Chengyuan, Wang Zhihao, 1987, Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 4(2). First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Zhang Zhenghua Yangchangguan valley, 13 km south of Ziyun County, Guizhou Province For dark gray, gray limestone, marls with interbeds of calcareous mudstone or bioclastic limestone Early Permian. Yangchi Formation () Teilhard de Chardin P, Young C C, 1935, The Cenozoic Sequence in the Yangtze Valley, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 14(2): 161-178 Yangxi (Yangchi), 20 km southeast of Yidu County, Hubei Province For brownish yellow, brownish red, purplish red, yellowish green sandstone, muddy sandstone and sandy mudstone, with interbeds of yellow sandstone and marls Eocene-Pliocene. Yangchi Formation () Hsu R L, 1937, Geological Review, 2(4): 364 Yangxi (Yangchi) Town, Lechang County, Guangdong Province For red beds Early Devonian. Yangchi Limestone ( ) Hsieh C Y, Liu C C, 1927, Geology and Mineral Resources of Southwest Hupei, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (9): 29-55 Yangxi (Yangchi) village, 8 km southeast of Zhijiang County, Hubei Province For limestone Eocene.

Y

1289

Yangchiachiao Group () Yangchiachiao Formation Liao Shifan, 1951, Bull. Geol. Central South China, (3): 78 Yangjiaqiao (Yangchiachiao) in Xiangtan County, Hunan Province For conglomerate, sandstone and shales, with interbeds of coal seams Jurassic.

Yangchiaohsu Formation ( ) Chen K T, Huang K H, 1949, Temporary Report of Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (34) Yangjiaoxu (Yangchiaohsu), northwest of Dianbai County, Guangdong Province For red, yellow, white gravel, mixed with sand and clay Quater-

nary. Yangchiatun Formation () Yangchiatun Coal Series Yih L F, 1920, Geology of His-shan or Western Hills of Peking, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, 1, Yangjiatun (Yangchiatun) in Western Hills, 30 km northwest of Beijing Municipality For gray and black shales with interbeds of sandstone and coal seams Early Permian Homonym: Yangjiatun Schist.

Yangchiawan Sandstone () Yangchiawan Series Yu T Y, 1937, Sinian stratigraphy of the Yangtze valley, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 16(1): 29-40 Yangjiawan (Yangchiawan), east of Lushan, Jiangxi Province For red and reddish yellow bedded sandstone, with red clay in the base Sinian Homonym: Yangjiawan Formation (1), (2).

Yangchong Formation () Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Geological Memoirs

of Nanjing-Zhenjiang Mountains, Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 141. First appeared in a manuscript by Jin Weijing Yangchong close to Tingzi, Jurong County, Jiangsu Province For gray, purple tuffite, diamictite and muddy siltstone Early Cretaceous. Yangchuang Formation () Yangchuang Red Shale, geographic name Yangchuang was Romanized as Iantchjouan by the French (LSI) Kao C S, Hsiung Y H, Kao P, 1934, Preliminary Notes on Sinian Stratigraphy of North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 13(2): 243-288 Yangchuang, north of the Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For red shale Proterozoic.

Yangchun Formation () Hou Hongfei, Zhan Lipei, Chen Bingwei, 1979, Late Permian Coal-bearing Strata and Biofauna of Guangdong, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yangchun County, Guangdong Province Late Permian Homonymous with Yangchun Lime-

stone.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yangchun Limestone () Chiang J, 1934, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, 5(1): 9 Yangchun County, Guangdong Province For limestone Early Carboniferous Homonym: Yangchun Formation.

Yangdazhuang Formation () Nie Zongseng et al., 1959, Dedicated to First National Stratigraphical Conference by Beijing College of Geology, issue 3 Yangdazhuang, 14 km northeast of Shangcheng County, Henan Province For shales with interbedds of quartzose sandstone, slate and coal seams Late Carboniferous Synonym: Yangxiaozhuang

Formation. Yangdi Formation () Li Jianhai, Wang Guoping, Zheng Tiefan, Liang Shijing, 1994, New lithostrati-

graphic units established in Fujian Province, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 325-347 Yangdi village, Daixi Township, Pingnan County, Fujian Province For leptynite, schist with interbeds of marble Sinian. Yangeryu Gravel Beds ( ) Beijing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Beijing Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.27], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 254 Yangeryu in West Hills of Beijing Municipality For gravel beds Pleistocene. Yangfangwa Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 259 Yangfangwa in Kunming Basin, Yunnan Province Pleistocene. Yangfoukou Formation ( ) Yanghukou Limestone Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, pt.1,

Palaeozoic and Older, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 255, 520 Yanghugou (Yangfoukou) in Shandan County, Gansu Province For shale and limestone Late Carboniferous. Yangfutsien Sandstone ($) Yangbuzhen Sandstone (Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1962, 97) Lee Y Y, 1933, Contrib. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol., Academia Sinica, (3): 30 Yangfujian (Yangfutsien), southwest of Ruichang County, Jiangxi Province For yellowish brown sandstone Late Silurian Synonym: Yangbuzhen Sandstone.

Y

1291

Yanggang Formation () Qu Guansheng, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map:

Jidong County Sheet, Xingkaihu Sheet, Mishan County, Hulin County Sheet, Hutou Sheet Yanggang Township, Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province For volcanic rocks with interbeds of normal sedimentary clastic rocks Late Permian. Yangguo Formation () Jia Lanpo et al., 1964, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 8(1): 75-86 Yangguo Town, Weinan County, Shaanxi Province For brownish red, loess-like sandy clay, with interbeds of paleosol beds Pleistocene.

Yanghe Formation () Compiling Group for Liaoning Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Liaoning Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Northern Liaoning Team of Liaoning Corporation of Coal Field Explanation Yanghe close to Shenyang City, Liaoning Province i.e. original Yanghe Member of the Yangliantun Formation, for dark green muddy sandstone, sandy shale and rudite Pliocene. Yanghu Formation ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 176 Yanghu in Jiangpan Township, Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province For gray, grayish green and grayish white quartzose sandstone, siltstone, with carbonaceous mudstone in the upper part and hematite beds in the lower part Late DevonianEarly Carboniferous. Yangjia Formation () Yangjia Group Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaoan Sheet Yangjia close to Yinggang, Gao’an County, Jiangxi Province For purplish red clastic rocks Early-Mid

Triassic. Yangjiadian Formation ( ) Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wusong Sheet Yangjiadian in Tonghua County, Jilin Province For alternated beds of gneiss, leptynite and schist Archean.

Yangjiagou Formation () Tao Nansheng, Liu Fa, Wu Shizhong, 1975, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, vol.1, 31-61 Yangjiagou close to Bonihe, Jiutai City, Jilin Province For tuffaceous conglomerate, siltstone, with limestone lenticle Late Permian.

1292

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yangjiang Formation ( ) Li Pingri, Zheng Jiansheng, Fang Guoxiang, 1989, Quaternary Geology of Guangzhou District, Guangzhou: South China University of Science and Engineering Press Yangjiang County, Guangdong Province Holocene. Yangjiang Formation (( ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongping Sheet Yangbijiang, 34 km south of Yangbi County, Yunnan Province For purplish red, brownish red mudstone and silty mudstone, with interbeds of fine-grained quartzose sandstone, calcareous mudstone lenticle Early Jurassic Synonym: Tiankou Formation. Yangjianghu Formation ( ) Yang Xibin, Lian Yuqiu, 1980, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, vol.4 Yangjianghu in Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic.

Yangjiaping Formation (1) ( 1) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongning Sheet Yangjiaping in Yunnan Province For a part within the Omeishan Basalt Permian Homonym: Yangjiaping Formation

(2), (3). Yangjiaping Formation (2) ( 2) Xiang Liwen, Li Shanji, Nan Runshan, et al., 1981, Cambrian System of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yangjiaping in Hunan Province Early Cambrian Synonymous with Niutitang Formation; Homonymous with Yangjiaping Formation (1). Yangjiaping Formation (3) ( 3) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 54. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Liu Hongyun Yangjiaping in southeastern Sichuan Province Sinian Homonymous with Yangjiaping Formation (1). Yangjiapu Formation () Zhu Hongyuan, Tao Jinbao, 1988, Cambrian Strata of Xijiadian, Junxian, Hubei, Journal of Stratigraphy, 12(3): 230-234. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.5 Hubei Geology Team Yangjiapu close to Xijiadian area, Junxian County, Hubei Province For gray, light gray and pinkish silicalite Early Cambrian. Yangjiasi Formation () Compiling Group for Hebei Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Hydrological Division of Hebei

Y

1293

Bureau of Geology Yangjiasi village in Wuqiao County, Hebei Province For grayish brown, grayish yellow fine-coated sand beds, grayish black clay with interbeds of thin-bedded peat Holocene. Yangjiatun Schist () Wang Zhuquan, 1950, Geological Review, 31(1-3): 102 Yangjiatun in Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For schist Presinian Homonymous with Yangchiatun Formation.

Yangjiawan Formation (1) ( 1) Yangjiawan Limestone Formation Lu Yanhao, 1962, Cambrian System of China, Beijing: Science Press, 60. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Yang Jinzhi, Qian Yiyuan, et al., Yang et al.’s paper was published in 1963 Yangjiawan close to Duliujiang, east of Sandu County, Guizhou Province For blackish gray muddy limestone Mid-Late Cambrian Homonym: Yangjiawan Formation (2); Homonymous with Yangchiawan Sandstone.

Yangjiawan Formation (2) ( 2) Tang Yingjun, Zong Guanfu, Lei Yulu, Li Shuangxi, 1988, Late Cenozoic Stratigraphy and Its Mammalian Fossils, Beijing: Science and Technology Press Yangjiawan in Tuanzhuang Township, Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province For brown-

ish red, gray, bluish gray clay stone or sandy clay stone, with interbeds of sandstone and rudite Neocene Homonymous with Yangjiawan Formation (1). Yangjiayuan Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 185. First appeared in a 1994 manuscript by Zhu Zhenggang Yangjiayuan in Fangqi Township, Lianhua County, Jiangxi Province For grayish black, black limestone, marls, with interbeds of thin-bedded shale, carbonaceous shales, and with gypsum and dolomite in the middle and upper parts Early Carboniferous. Yangjiazhuang Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaomi Sheet, Qingdao Sheet, Lingshan Sheet Yangjiazhuang in Gaomi County, Shandong Province For yellow, green and gray sandstone with interbeds of purplish red sandstone Early Cretaceous.

Yangjibulake Group () Gao Zhenjia, Wu Wenkui, et al., 1960, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Aqishan, Kawabulake, Kalatage and Yamansu Area Yangjibulake, south of Paergang, eastern Kuruktag Mt., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For sandstone and phyllite Mesoproterozoic.

1294

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yangjingou Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjjn ed.), 1997, Multi-

ple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 15 Yangjingou close to Madida Township, Hunchun County, Jilin Province For grayish black quartzose sandstone, green schist Devonian. Yangjuanhe Formation ( ) Yangjuan Member Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Strati-

graphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Hubei Integrated Geology Survey Team Yangjuanhe in Shennongjia Forestry Area, Hubei Province For a subdivision of the Wuziping Group Proterozoic. Yangkang Group () Yangkang Series Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Re-

gional Geology of Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 233. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript for Jurassic Stratigraphic Conference Yangkang in Tianjun County, Qilianshan, Qinghai Province For the sum of Xiahuancang Formation and Jianghe Formation Early Triassic. Yangkuluan Shale ( 6) Wang S W, 1930, Mining and Metallurgy, 4(13): 51 Yangguluan (Yangkuluan), 60 km south of Changding County, Fujian Province For shales Silurian. Yanglanhe Formation ( ") Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Zengqi ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (37), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shandong Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 2 Yanglanhe in Boshan, Zibo City, Shandong Province For red clay and rudite Pleistocene. Yangliantun Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Liaoning Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Liaoning Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by Liaoning Bureau of Coal-Mining Management Qian Yangliantun close to Xinchengzi, north suburbs of Shenyang City, Liaoning Province For coal series Eocene. Yanglinggou Formation () Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1983, Palaeontological Atlas of Northwest China, Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Provinces, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Shaanxi Geology Team

Y

1295

Yanglinggou in Luohe Township, Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province For grayish green quartzose sandstone with interbeds of purplish red slate and limestone Mid-Late Devonian Yanglinggou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Yangliugang Formation ( ) Yangliugang Limestone Lu Yanhao et al., 1955, Geological Knowledge, (2): 12 Yangliugang in Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province For dark gray to black

thin-bedded dolomitic limestone, muddy bands, with interbeds of calcareous shale in the middle and upper parts Mid Cambrian. Yangliujing Member ( ) Yangliujing Limestone Wang Yu, Chen Chuzhen, Lu Linhuang, 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference, Stratigraphical Spot Meeting of Southern Guizhou, Beijing: Science Press Yangliujing, 2 km southwest of Yongning Town, Guanling County, Guizhou Province For gray thinbedded to massive dolomite and brecciated dolomite Mid Triassic. Yangliuqing Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Hebei Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Division of Hydrological Geology, Hebei Bureau of Geology Yangliuqing Town, west of Tianjin Municipality For alternated beds of yellowish brown, brownish yellow, grayish green clay, thick-bedded fine-grained sands and coarse-grained sands Pleistocene. Yangloudong Formation (  ) Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Puqi Sheet Yangloudong in Puqi County, southeastern Hebei Province For black carbonaceous shale, with grayish green carbonaceous siltstone and mudstone Early Cambrian. Yanglukou Formation () Chen Jinhua, 1980, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 19(5): 357-368. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.3 Team of Hunan Corporation of Coal Field Exploration Yanglukou in Lingling County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of white quartzose sandstone and purplish red silty mudstone Mid Jurassic. Yanglusao Formation (5) Yuan P L, 1925, Carboniferous Stratigraphy of Northwest Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(1): 29-38 Yanglucao (Yanglusao) close to Hongshanyao, Yongdeng County, Gansu Province For shale and limestone Early Permian. Yangmapa Formation ()) Chu S, Wu C C, Yeh L J, 1942, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (4): 7 Yangmaba (Yangmapa) in Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province For gray to grayish black

1296

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

limestone and quartzose sandstone, with brownish black shale, sandstone and flint beds Mid Devonian. Yangmei Formation () Geographic name Yangmei was Romanized as Yobai by the Japanese (LSI) Mak-

iyama T, 1933, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan: Kyuko Sheet Yanmei close to Chungli, Taoyuan County, Taiwan Province Composed mostly of soft sandstone, intercalated with thin layers of sandy shale Pliocene-Pleistocene.

Yangmeiling Formation () Ling Lianhai, 1992, Proceedings of Abstract of the Symposium of the Progress of Earth Sciences Yangmeiling in Jiangxi Province Neoproterozoic Homonym-

ous with Yangmeiling Member. Yangmeiling Member () Yangmeiling Formation Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 209 Yangmeiling in Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with the lower member of the Lianhua Formation, for alternating beds of yellowish brown gravel beds and clay Pleistocene Homonym: Yangmeiling Formation.

Yangmeilung Formation ( ) Tan H C, 1939 (1947), Contrib. Geol. Inst. Nat. Peking Univ., (26): 55-58 Yangmeilong (Yangmeilung) in Zixing County, Hunan Province For dark gray quartzose sandstone, silty mudstone, with interbeds of coal seams Late Triassic.

Yangmu Formation () No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text

for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Muleng Town Sheet, Dongning County Sheet Yangmu Workshop in Shahezi Township, Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province For black schist, leptynite and quartzite Neoproterrozoic.

Yangmugang Formation () Wang Danqun, Luo Yuxing, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wanchang County Sheet, Binxian County Sheet Yangmugang in Shangzhi City, Heilongjiang Province For sandy slate with interbeds of clastic rocks and lava Early Permian.

Yangnengzhai Formation (

) Mu Enzhi, Zhu Zhaoling, Chen Junyan, Rong Jiayu, 1977, in Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Nanjing, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Yangnengzhai in Sandu County, Guizhou Province For calcareous siltstone with sandy shale Early Ordovician.

Y

1297

Yangou Formation () Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yangou in Sichuan Province Sinian. Yangping Formation () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Yangping in Wudang Area, Hubei Province For a formation within the local Wutang Group Proterozoic. Yangping Shale () Hou T F, Wang Y L, Chang C T, 1935, Geological Reconnaissance between Sungyen & Amony, Fukien, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (25) Yangping village, west of Shizhong County, southwestern Fujian Province For yellow, brown, red and grayish green shale with interbeds of sandstone Early Triassic.

Yangpo Complex () Yangpo Group Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Re-

gional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Peking University Yangpo close to Jingxiang County, Hubei Province Referring to the so-called “Presinian” called by Yu Jianzhang & Shu Wenbo in 1928 Proterozoic. Yangpo Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Weixi Sheet Yangpo, 9 km west of Shigu, Lijiang County, Yunnan Province For quartzose schist with interbeds of leptynite, and with a few interbeds of gneiss and amphibolite Sinian.

Yangpoli Formation () Zhu Weiyuan, 1988, Gansu Geology, (9): 16-28 Yangpoli in Gansu Province Mid Devonian.

Yangpowan Formation () Yangpowan Member, Yangbowan Formation (The Lithostratigraphic Dictionary of China, 2000, misunderstood) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontol-

ogy (Yu Changmin), 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwest China, Beijing: Science Press Yangpowan in Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province Mid Silurian Yangpowan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

1298

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yangpu Formation () Yangpu Series Mo C S, 1944, Supplement to The Earth, First Issue, vol.1, 46 Yangbu (Yangpu) village, 10 km northwest of Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province Late Devonian. Yangqiao Formation () Liu Zuhan, 1987, Geological Review, 33(5): 462-467 Yangqiao, Hunan Province Late Devonian. Yangqingshan Shale ( ) Wang Y L, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1-2): 28 Yangqingshan close to Zhongyi village, Kunyang County, Yunnan Province For yellowish green shales Cambrian. Yangqu Formation ( ) Yangqu Group No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guinan Sheet Old Yangqu, close to Gama, Xinghai County, Qinghai Province For a series of coal-bearing clastic rocks with interbeds of a few marls and gypsums Early-Mid Jurassic Syn-

onym: Yematan Formation. Yangqu Formation ($) Zhang Zonghu et al., 1987, Acta Geologica Sinica, 61(4) Yangqu in Baiyushan Area, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of thick-bedded loess and paleosol Pleistocene. Yangshan Conglomerate () See Yangshan Formation. Yangshan Formation () Li Wanheng, Peng Wenneng, Liu Jinxuan, Yang Changming, 1983, Earth Science, (2) Yangshan in eastern Hebei Province For a component formation within the Luanxian Group Archean.

Yangshan Formation () Nie Zongsheng, Zhao Buyi, Song Dake, 1959, Dedicated to First National Stratigraphical Conference by Beijing College of Geology, issue 3. First appeared in a manuscript by No.106 Team of Henan Bureau of Coal Field Geology Dayangshan, 10 km southeast of Fangji, Gushi County, Henan Province For the sum of the informal Yangshan Conglomerate and Yangshan Member (or Yangshan Coal Series) Early Carboniferous Synonym: Yangshan Conglomerate, Yangshan Member. Yangshan Formation (1) (  1) Yangshan Series Nisida S, 1952, Geology and Mineral Resources of Far Asia, Geographical Society of Tokyo Yangshan in Beipiao County, Liaoning Province For a series of five unnamed subdivisions between the Beipiao Formation and Heichengzi Formation Late Triassic Homonym: Yangshan Formation (2).

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1299

Yangshan Formation (2) (  2) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ankang Sheet Yangshan in Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province For the light grayish white limestone composed of the sum of the up-

per part of the local original Yangshan Formation and the lower part of the original Xiaoyaozi Formation Permian Homonymous with Yangshan Formation (1) Yangshan Member () See Yangshan Formation (i.e. Yangshan Coal Series). Yangshanchi Formation ( ) Yih L F, Li C, 1924, Bull. Geol. Surv. Diary Anhui, (11): 4 Yangshanji (Yang-

shanchi) close to Hongmiao, 2 km north of Datong Town, Tongling County, Anhui Province For sands and gravel beds Quaternary. Yangshankang Formation () Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press & the

atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of geological sections), sheet 22, 23, 24, 33 Yangshangang (Yangshankang) village, 6 km west of Fulin Town, south of Hanyuan County, Sichuan Province Devonian. Yangshanling Group ( ) Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yangshanling in Shanxi Province Pliocene. Yangshinao Formation ( ) Yangshinao Series Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China,

Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Li Zuoming & Rao Jiaguang Yangshinao in Heyuan County, Guangdong Province For purplish red coarse-grained quartzose sandstone with interbeds of green sandy shale Jurassic. Yangshitun Formation () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Dexin, Li Xingyun

ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (31), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Liaoning Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 42. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Geological Science Research Team, Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Yangshitun in Tieling County, Liaoning Province For muddy slate, muddy siltstone and purple limestone Mesoproterozoic. Yangshuhezi Member () Yanshuhezi Black Rocks Peng Yujin, Zhang Chuanbo, 1982, Jilin Geology, (5) Yangshuhezi in Jilin Province For black rocks Early Triassic.

1300

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yangshui Formation () Liu Hongyun, Sha Qing’an, Hu Shiling, Zhu Ming, Hu Huaguang, 1966, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(2): 137-160 Yangshui in Kaiyang County, Guizhou Province For the sum of a member of light green muddy sandstone within the Nantou Formation and a phosphate-bearing bed within the Tongying Formation Sinian. Yangshukou Formation () Geographic name Yangshukou was Romanized as Yozyuko by the Japanese (LSI) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494): 641-654; 1935, Contr. Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Tohoku Imp. Univ., (13) Yangshugou (Yangshukou) between Dingjiatun and Peijiatun, Fuxian County, Liaoning Province For the sum of three informal subdivisions, Yangshukou Member, Yangshukou Limestone and Yangshukou Shale with the same names Permian. Yangsing Formation ( ) Yangsing Limestone Hsieh C Y, 1924, Stratigraphy of Southeastern Hupei, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(1): 91-98 Yangxin (Yangsing) County, Hubei Province For limestone Permian. Yangtianba Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Gansu Integrated Geology Team Yangtianba in Kangxian County, Gansu Province For light metamorphic clastic rocks, metamorphic muddy rocks, with interbeds of tuffaceous clastic rocks Mesoproterozoic. Yangtienwo Shale ( ) Liu Zhiyuan, 1941, Bull. Geosci. Depart. Inst. Liberal Arts, National Chekiang

Univ., (1). First appeared in a manuscript by Zhang Mingshao & Sheng Xinfu, Zhang and Sheng’s paper was published in 1958 Yangtianwo (Yangtienwo), 46 km southeast of Qijiang County, Sichuan Province For yellowish green shale, yellowish gray shale and sandy shale Early Ordovician. Yangtigou Formation ( ) Bai Jin et al., 1986, Early Precambrian Geology of Wutai Mountain Area, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press Yangtigou in Shanxi Province Archean. Yangtouhsiantze Formation ( ) Yangtouhsiantze Series, geographic name Yangtouhsiantze was Romanized as Iantoousiantszy by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 151, chart 36 Yangtouxianzi (Yangtouhsiantze) between Heishichuan and Dalapai, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province For black phyllite and green slate, with interbeds of siliceous phyllite and thin-bedded quartzite Silurian.

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1301

Yangtouya Formation ( <) Yangtouya Member Wang Shouyi, 1988, in Wu Tieshan, Xiao Suzhen, Wang Shouyi, 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Yangtouya in Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component formation within the Zhongzhuangpu Group, for alternating beds of grayish yellow conglomerate, sandstone and grayish yellow, grayish black mudstone, carbonaceous mudstone and coal seams Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Yangtsun formation ( ) Tan H C, Lee C Y, 1935, Geology of Szechuan and Sikang (text in press and the atlas already issued containing 36 geological sheets & 5 sheets of Geological sections), sheet 20, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (15) Yangcun (Yangtsun), 7 km northeast of Baoxing County, Sichuan Province Permian. Yangtze Group (*) Yang-Tze Formation Liu C C, Chao J C, 1924, Preliminary Repot on the Ge-

ology and Mineral Resources of Kiangsu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (4): fig. 2 Yangtze River (Changjiang), Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For the sum of original lower limestone, coal series, and upper limestone (i.e. today Hezhou Limestone, upward to Chinglung Limestone) Early Carboniferous-Triassic. Yangwan Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guangde Sheet Yangwan in Congyang County, Anhui Province For purplish red massive conglomerate, fine-grained conglomerate, gravel-bearing coarse-grained sandstone, with gypsum Early Cretaceous. Yangweishan Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Yangweishan in Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of clastic rocks, limestone or marls Early Permian Synonymous with Tunlonggongba Formation.

Yangwu Formation ( ) Yoh S S, 1929, Geological Reconnaissance of West Kueichou, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (12): 1-20 Yangwu between Anshun County and Ziyun County, Guizhou Province Mid Devonian. Yangxi Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team Yangxi in Jinhua County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with the lower formation within the Zhijiang Group, for brownish yellow,

1302

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

brownish red gravel, and clay Pleistocene Homonymous with Yangchi Formation (Hsu R L, 1937). Yangxia Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. Yangxia in Kuqa Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green fine-grained siltstone, grayish black mudstone and carbonaceous shale Early Jurassic. Yangxiaozhuang Formation () Yangdazhuang Formation Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team of Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Linru Sheet, revised the Yangdazhuang Formation as the Yangxiaozhuang Formation Yangxiaozhuang, 14 km northeast of Shangcheng County, Henan Province Synonymous with Yangdazhuang Formation. Yangxingzhuang Limestone () Tan H C, 1943, Geological Review, 8(1/6): 42 Yangxingzhuang located at the boundary of Yimen, Anning and Lufeng Counties, Yunnan Province For limestone Sinian. Yangye Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. Yangye in Wuqia County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, grayish black mudstone with interbeds of massive sandstone, carbonaceous mudstone, marls, coal seams and a few conglomerate Mid Jurassic. Yangyi Formation ( ) Yangyi Coal Series Yun Bo, 1975, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 13(4): 229-233 Yangyi in Yunnan Province For coal series Pliocene. Yangyu Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 235. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.13 Hubei Geology Team Yangyu in Fangxian County, Hubei Province For lateritic red rudite Paleocene. Yangyuan Group () Nihowan Formation Min Longrui, Chi Zhenqing, 2000, Discussion on Plans of Dividing Quaternary to Series in China, Quaternary Sciences, 20(2): 101-107 Yangyuan County, Hebei Province Dealing with the sum of the of “Nihewan

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1303

Formation”, Xiaodukou Formation and Jingerwa Formation (three non- lithostratigraphic unit names), for the fluvio-lacustrine deposits above the red clay in Yangyuan Basin Pleistocene Synonymous with Nihowan Formation. Yangzhanling Formation ( )) Yangzhanling Beds Xia Bangdong, 1962, Bulletin of Nanjing University, Geology Yangzhanling in Qimen County, Anhui Province For alternating beds of dark gray, light grayish green sandstone and muddy slate Neoproterozoic.

Yangzhuangcun Formation () Liu Yinhuan, Wang Jianping, Zhang Haiqing, Du Fengjun, 1991, Cambrian and Ordovician of Henan, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yangzhuangcun village, Xichuan County, Henan Province For the lower part of the Sigang Formation (1) of Peifang et al. (1987) Mid Ordovician Yangzhuangcun Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Yangzhuoyong Group ( ) Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, et al., 1983, The Study of Geology of the Yangzhuoyong Cuo in Southern Tibet, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Wu Yimin et al. Yangzhuoyong Cuo, Langkazi County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the sum of the Gongboxue Formation and the Zhuomadingla Formation (classified by Biostratigraphic Classification), for grayish green sandstone, siliceous shale, with interbeds of volcanic rocks and limestone lenticles Late Cretaceous Yangzhuoyong Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Yanhe Formation (<) Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1983, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Hanzhong Exploration Team of Shaanxi Bureau of Coal Field Management Yanhe in Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province For grayish green sandstone and conglomerate Jurassic. Yanheying Tuff (6) Geographic name Yanheying was Romanized as Iankhein by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 218, chart 47. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by Cao Guoquan & Wang Shui Yanheying in Qian County, Hebei Province For tuffite Cretaceous. Yanjiahe Formation () Xing Yusheng et al., 1983, Boundary between Sinian and Cambrian in China, Bulletin of Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (10). First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Ma Guogan & Chen Ping Yanjiahe close to Sandouping, Yichang City, Hubei Province For

1304

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

alternating beds of black carbonaceous shale and carbonaceous limestone Early Cambrian. Yanjialou Formation (=) Yanjialou Stage Matsushita S, 1930, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., 1(1) Yanjialou, north of Jinzhou, Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For yellowish green muddy shale and limestone Early Cambrian.

Yanjiayao Formation (=) Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhangjiakou Sheet Yanjiayao in Hebei Province Mid

Jurassic. Yanjing Formation (:) No.3Yunnan Geology Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mangkang Sheet, Yanjing Sheet Yanjing in Tibet Autonomous Region Jurassic Homonymous with Yanjing Group.

Yanjing Group (:) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Boxing Sheet Yanjing Township, Baoxing County, Sichuan Province For the sum of Yaside Formation, Shimenkan Formation, Fengtongzhai Formation and Huangdianzi Formation Sinian Homonym: Yan-

jing Formation. Yankong Formation () Luo Huilin, 1982, Cambrian of Yunnan, Yunnan Geology, 1(2). First appeared in a 1970 manuscript by Zhang Zhenghua, Zhou Zhiyi, et al. Yankong in Jinsha County, Guizhou Province For the black thick-bedded siliceous shale, silicalite, phosphate and brownish yellow clay stone Early Cambrian Yankong Formation

is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Yankou Formation (<) Compiling Group for Zhejiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of East China: Zhejiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yankou close to Yuqian, Lin’an County, Zhejiang Province Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Yankou Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Yankou Formation () Tong Zhengxiang, Chen Jirong, Qian Yongqin, et al., 1990, Carboniferous-Early

Permian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Waluodi Area, Yanbian, Sichuan, Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House Yankou, 1 km south of Waluodi, Yanbian County, Sichuan Province For grayish white limestone Early Carboniferous.

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1305

Yanling Formation () Gu Zhiwei, 1963, Proceedings of Science Conference of Stratigraphy of Western Zhejiang, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Li Chunyu Yanling in Shouchang County, Zhejiang Province For purplish red sandstone, conglomerate, tuffaceous conglomerate, with interbeds of shales Cretaceous Synonym: Laocun Formation (1); Fengfan Formation.

Yanlingguan Formation (' ) Cheng Yuqi et al., 1977, Bulletin of Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (3). First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by No.1 Regional Geological Survey Team of Beijing College of Geology Yanlingguan in Xintai City, Shandong Province Dealing with a subdivision of the Taishan Group, for leptynite, schist and amphibolites Archean. Yanlongshan Formation () Zhou Shitai, 1978, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Northeast China, (3) Yanlongshan in Liaoning Province For a component formation within the Anshan Group Archean.

Yanmatou Formation (7) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 248. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Hu Jimin Yanmatou in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of brownish red rudite, gravel-bearing sandstone and fine-grained sandstone and mudstone Early Cretaceous. Yanmenzhai Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 26. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Tang Xiaoshan et al. Yanmenzhai in Qianyang County, Hunan Province For gray, grayish black tuffaceous slate with interbeds of tuffaceous limestone and tuffaceous sandstone Neoproterozoic. Yanqiao Formation (:) Liu Zechun, Sun Shiying, Yang Fan, Zou Zhehong, 1990, Science in China, B: Chemistry, (11): 1 209-1 212 Yanqiao in Dabuxun lake, Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For salt covers Holocene. Yanqiao Formation (<) Sheng Jinzhang, Wang Yunhui, 1962, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 10(3). First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Hu Shizhong Yanqiao in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province For the sum of the lower part of the original Lungtan Formation and the

1306

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

black silicalite (Kufeng Formation) Early Permian Yanqiao Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Yanqing Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Yanqing in Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For gray, grayish white sandstone with interbeds of purplish red shale and muddy banded limestone Early Ordovician Yanqing Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Yanshan Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yu Guohua ed.), 1996, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (33), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Zhejiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 20 Yanshan close to Zhangcun village, Fuyang City, Zhejiang Province For tuffite, silty mudstone, with interbeds of volcanic clastic rocks Proterozoic. Yanshan Formation (1) ( 1) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wenshan County Sheet, Maguan Sheet Yanshan County, Yunnan Province For yellowish red, red with interbeds of light gray conglomerate, rudite and gravel-bearing sandstone with interbeds of siltstone EoceneOligocene Homonym: Yanshan Formation (2). Yanshan Formation (2) ( 2) Chen Baogen et al., 1989, Yunnan Geology, 8(2): 117-129 Yanshan County, Yunnan Province For a interval of micrite between Sphaeroschwagerina globata Zone and Misellina Zone Late Permian Yanshan Formation (2) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning; Homonymous with Yanshan Formation (1). Yanshi Formation (') Yang Zunyi et al., 1984, Permo-Triassic Boundary and Biostratigraphic Donation of South China, Scientific Papers on Geology for International Exchange, Prepared for the 27th International Geological Congress, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 99-109 Yanshi in Longyan County, Fujian Province For siltstone, mudstone, fine-grained sandstone and limestone lenticle Late Permian Yanshi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Yanshiling Formation () Yanshiling Member No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoping Sheet Yanshiling in eastern Yunnan Province For limestone Carboniferous.

Yanshiping Group (') Yanshiping Series Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhan Canhui & Wei Sihuai

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1307

Yanshiping on Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Qinghai Province For purple sandstone

with interbeds of parti-coloured sandstone, with grayish black limestone and gypsum Mid-Late Jurassic. Yantan Formation (:) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baiyushan Sheet Yantan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Carboniferous. Yantang Formation (:) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yanyuan Sheet Yantang in Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province For gray, grayish green and purple siltstone with interbeds of sandstone, mudstone, marl and dolomite Early Triassic. Yantang Formation () No.332 Team of Anhui Bureau of Metallurgical Geology, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qimen, Tunxi Sheet Yantang in Shexian County, Anhui Province For grayish yellow, yellowish green, purplish red sandstone, siltstone and mudstone, with interbeds of andesite and rhyolitic tuffite Late Jurassic. Yantou Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 193. First appeared in a 1993 manuscript by No.5 Element of Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team Yantou in Tapi Township, Wenshan County, Yunnan Province For gray, grayish black limestone with siliceous bands Early Permian. Yantouzhai Travertine () Liu Minhou et al., 1964, Problems of Quaternary Geology, Beijing: Science Press Yantouzhai at the right bank of Qingshuijiang, north of Baitashan, Kaili County, Guizhou Province For travertine Pleistocene.

Yanwangbian Formation (= ) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjiang Sheet. First appeared in a manuscript by Ye Shaohua Yanwangbian close to Nanjiang, Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For purplish red sandy mudstone with interbeds of conglomerate, sandstone and shale Early Cambrian. Yanwangdian Formation (=!) Yang Yaoyu, Qu Guansheng, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Muleng Town Sheet, Dongning County Sheet Yanwangdian in Dongni-

1308

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

ang County, Heilongjiang Province For phyllitic carbonaceous schist Neoproterozoic. Yanwo Formation (' ) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 210. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Daqing Academy of Oil Field Exploration Yanwo, 300 km south of Hongsheng Township, Fujin County, Heilongjiang Province For parti-coloured conglomerate, rudite, with interbeds of red, grayish green mudstone and siltstone Late Cretaceous Yanwo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Yanwoling Limestone ( ) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 116, chart 118 Yanwoling in Hainan Province For grayish black crystalline limestone Early Permian. Yanwugou Formation () Zhu Hongyuan, Tao Baojin, 1988, Cambrian Strata of Xijiadian, Junxian, Hubei, Journal of Stratigraphy, 12(3): 230-234 Yanwogou close to Xijiadian, Junxian County, Hubei Province For carbonaceous and silty slate and clayey slate Early

Cambrian. Yanya Formation (/) Li Jianhai et al., 1994, New lithostratigraphic units established in Fujian Province, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 324-247 Yanya in Dongshan County, Fujian Province For leptynite with interbeds of schist Predevonian. Yanyaozhai Formation () Yu Jixian, Wang Mingsheng, Yang Jianchao, et al., 1985, Henan Geology, 3(4): 55-62 Yanyaozhai in Henan Province For sub-volcanic rocks Mesozoic. Yanzhai Speleothem (

) Guizhou Working Team of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, 1977, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 302 Yanzhai, the opposite of Zhouxi Primary School, in Panxi Basin, Guizhou Province For grayish yellow gravel beds and yellow calcareous clay Pleistocene. Yanzhiling Formation () No.1 Guangdong Hydrological Geology Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qishui, Zhanjiang, Wushi, Haikou Sheet Yanzhiling in Guangdong Province For basalt Pleistocene.

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Yanziping Formation () Jin Chuntai et al., 1989, Silurian stratigraphy and paleontology of Erlangshan Area, Sichuan, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (11) Yanziping on highway from Longdanxi to Maliuqiao, east of Erlangshan, Sichuan Province For purplish red mudstone and dark gray dolomite Early Silurian. Yaochi Formation (+) Yaochicun Formation (Regional Geology of Shanxi Province, 1989, 65) Wu Tieshan, Xu Chaolei, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Yaochicun in Wutai County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the component formation within the local Huto Group, for phyllite with interbeds of crystalline limestone, crystalline dolomite with interbeds of phyllite, and with quartzite (Shugongsi Quartzite) in the top Palaeoproterozoic Homonym: Yaochicun Formation. Yaochieh Formation () Yaochieh Series Sun C C, 1936, On the Stratigraphy of Upper Huangho & Nan Shan Region, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 15(1): 75-86 Yaojie (Yaochieh) Town, Yongdeng County, Gansu Province For coal-bearing strata Jurassic Synony-

mous with Ningyuanbao Formation. Yaodonggou Formation ( ) Qian Jiaqi, Gong Baojun, 1986, Gansu Geology, (4) Yaodonggou in Shibaocheng Township, Subei County, Gansu Province Dealing with a component formation within the Gongcha Group, for dark gray crystalline limestone, breccia limestone, edgewise conglomerate, siliceous limestone and rose muddy limestone with interbeds of purplish red and dark gray slate Neoproterozoic. Yaofeng Formation (,) Yaofeng Coal Series Liu H S, Wang C H, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Kiangsi, (2) Yaofeng in Fengcheng County, Jiangxi Province For coal-bearing strata Early

Jurassic. Yaojiakeng Member (  ) Lai Caigen, Jin Ruogu, Lin Baoyu, Huang Zhigao, et al., 1993, Ordovician Biofacies, Sedimentary Facies and Paleogeographic Characters of Lower Yangtze, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yao-jiakeng close to Sanqushan, Changshan County, Zhejiang Province For a component member within the Sanchushan Formation Late Ordovician. Yaojiatao Formation ( ) Yaojiatao Coal-bearing Beds Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Yaojiatao, west of Qianshihuiyaotun, Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For a coal series below the Yaojiatao Shale Late Carboniferous Homonym: Yaojiatao Shale.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yaojiatao Shale ( ) Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Yaojiatao, west of Qianshihuiyaotun, Jinxian County, Liaoning Province For the shale above the Yaojiatao Formation Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Yaojiatao Formation.

Yaojiaying Member ( ) Dong Zhizhong et al., 1987, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 26(4): 411-416 Yaojiaying in Yunnan Province For a part within the Jianshanying Formation Carboniferous Yaojiaying Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-

lithostratigraphic meaning. Yaokou Formation () Yuan P L, 1925, Carboniferous Stratigraphy of Northwest Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 4(1): 29-37 Yaogou (Yaokou), 30 km south of Gaotai County, Gansu Province For coal-bearing strata Late Carboniferous Homonym: Yaokou Lime-

stone. Yaokou Limestone () Lee J S, Chao Y T, 1926, Classification and correlation of Palaeozoic coal-bearing formations in North China, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 5(2): 107-134 Yaogou (Yaokou), 30 km south of Gaotai County, Gansu Province For a bed of limestone above the Yaokou Formation Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Yaokou

Formation. Yaolesayi Formation (, ) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ayakemu Lake Sheet Yaolesayi in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mid Ordovician.

Yaoling Diamictite (") Yaoling Tillite Sun Jianzhong, 1982, Acta Geologica Sinica, 56(2) Yaoling in Changbai County, Jilin Province For brownish red muddy gravel, yellowish white rudite, muddy sand, gravel and boulder Pleistocene.

Yaoling Formation (") Yaolingzi Formation Changchun College of Geology, 1960, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuanren, Shuozhou Sheet Yaoling, 9 km east of Hongshilazi, Kuandian County, Liaoning Province For leptynite and gneiss Palaeoproterozoic Synonymous with Tandian Formation.

Yaolinghe Formation (-) Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, 11 Yaolinghe in Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province For siliceous chlorite schist with interbeds of marble Neoproterozoic.

Y

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Yaomoliang Formation (.=) Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Zhao Mingyu), 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Balikun Sheet Yaomoliang located

at the upper reaches of Erdao Baiyang river, Balikun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For yellowish green, grayish green tuffite, grayish black tuffaceous sandstone, carbonaceous, muddy siltstone and rudite Late Carboniferous. Yaomoshan Formation (1) (.= 1) Yaomoshan Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of

Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 132, chart 30. First appeared in a 1945 manuscript by Wang Shangwen Yaomoshan, east of Anmen, south of Kulongshan pass between Hanxia and Maobula, southwest of Yumen City, Gansu Province For dark green sandstone, grayish white crystalline limestone, purple, grayish green, gray phyllite and black slate Mid Ordovician Homonym: Yaomoshan Formation (2). Yaomoshan Formation (2) (.= 2) Yaomoshan Series Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Tan Deyao), 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Urumqi Sheet. First appeared in a 1955 manuscript by Hu Houwen Yaomoshan in the north slope of Bogedawula, Junggar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish black, black brownish gray shale, oil shale, siltstone, with interbeds of dolomite and a few sandstones Late Permian Homonymous with Yaomoshan Formation (1); New name: Lucaogou Formation. Yaoping Formation ( ) Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1986, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gucheng Sheet Yaoping in Wudang Mountain Area, Hubei Province For a component formation within the Wutang Group Mesoproterozoic.

Yaopo Formation () Yaopo Series Wang C C, Chi Y S, 1933, The coalfield of Mentoukou, west of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 12(3): 399-412 Yaopo, 0.5 km north of Mentougou, Western Hills of Beijing Municipality For coal-bearing strata Early Jurassic. Yaosangnan Formation (") Zhang Hairi, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Handaqi Sheet Yaosangnan in Aihui County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish purple, grayish green graywacke, tuffaceous sandstone, slate with interbeds of limestone lenticle Mid Devonian. Yaoshan Formation (,) Editorial Commission on Atlas of Oil Geology, Ministry of Geology, 1966, Atlas of Oil Geology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

manuscript by Shandong Phosphorite Team Xiyaoshan close to Shanwang, Shanglin Town, Linju County, Shandong Province For basalt, rudite, shale and oil shale Paleocene It is not the proper way to substitute the name Qixia Basalt with the name of Yaoshan Formation [Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shandong Province, 1996]. Yaoshan Formation () Tian Zaiyi, Yuan Xiaoqi, Fu Zhiyan, He Jing, 2000, The Development of Triassic-

Jurassic Stratigraphy in Liupanshan Basin, in Editorial Committee of the Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, 2000, Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 169-173 Yaoshan, 20 km east of Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For the coal-bearing strata within the lower part of the sum of local original named Yen’an Formation, Chihlo Formation and Anting Formation Late Triassic. Yaoshan Formation (+) Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Yunnan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.21], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. Revised Yaoshan in Hekou County, Yunnan Province Dealing with the local original Pingbian Group, for gneiss, leptynite, amphibolites and marble Mesoproterozoic. Yaoshang Formation (1) ( 1) Lin Shuji, 1982, The Classification and Correlation of Quaternary Ice Age and Interglacial Age of Guizhou Highland, in Chinese Quaternary Research Committee ed., 1982, Proceedings of Third National Conference of Quaternary Sciences, Beijing: Science Press, 176-178 Yaoshang, 7.5 km west of Weining County, Guizhou Province For gray clay beds Meocene-Pleistocene Homonym: Yaoshang Formation (2). Yaoshang Formation (2) ( 2) Wang Mingsheng et al., 1984, Henan Geology, 2(1): 36-41 Yaoshang in Henan Province Early Paleozoic Homonymous with Yaoshang Formation (1). Yaoshuiquan Group (/) Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Huangyuan Sheet Yaoshuiquan in the south slope of Lajishan, Qinghai Province For clastic rocks with interbeds of volcanic rocks Early Ordovician. Yaoso Formation (, ) Yaoso Limestone Grabau A W, 1931, Science Quarterly of National University of Peking, 2(2): 98-99. First appeared in a 1929 manuscript by Ting V K. Ting’s paper was published in 1947 Yaosuo (Yaoso) in Dushan County, Guizhou

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1313

Province For gray thin-bedded siliceous limestone with interbeds of thin-bedded shale Late Devonian. Yaotoucun Formation (+) Cao Zhaoyuan, Xing Lisheng, Yu Qinghe, 1985, Bulletin of Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (5): 65-73 Yaotoucun in Sanmenxia City, Henan Province For clay beds with interbeds of muddy gravels, gravel beds and sandy clay Pleistocene.

Yaotze Conglomerate () Lee J S, with assistance of Chao Y T, 1924, Geology of the Gorges Area of the

Yangtze from Ichang to Tzekuei with special reference to the development of the Gorges, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 3(3/4): 350-394 Yaozi (Yaotze) in Sanxia, Hubei Province For conglomerate Tertiary. Yaotzuwan Shale () Lee Y Y, 1940, Geological Review, 5(6): 506 Yaoziwan (Yaotzuwan) in Leshan County, Sichuan Province For shale Jurassic.

Yaowangmiao Shale (/) Yaowangmiao Shale Formation Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Late Pale-

ozoic Continental Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press, 73. First appeared in a manuscript by Mingawa N Yaowangmiao close to Badaohao, Fuxin County, Liaoning Province Dealing with a component formation, for shale Late Jurassic. Yaoweitaichong Formation ("<) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Dexin, Li Xingyun

ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (21), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Liaoning Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 453. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Liaoning Geological Survey Team Yaoweitaichong in Tieling County, Liaoning Province For white fine-grained quartzose sandstone Mesoproterozoic. Yaoxian Formation (-) First appeared in Zhang Wentang, Li Jijin, Ge Meiyu, Chen Junyuan, 1982, Strati-

graphic Correlation Chart in China with Explanatory Text, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1982, Stratigraphy of Each Periods of China, Correlation Chart and Its Explanatory Text, Beijing: Science Press, 71, chart 9 Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province For gray thick-bedded limestone Mid Ordovician. Yaoxiang Formation (,) Min Qingkuai, 1990, The Sinian of the Ningzhen Mountain in Jiangsu, Journal of Stratigraphy, 13(2): 88-97 Yaoxiang in Danyang County, Jiangsu Province For rudite, sandstone and mudstone Sinian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yaoying Formation ( ) Yaoyingzhai Formation Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Neixiang Sheet Yaoyingzhai in Xichuan County, Henan Province For conglomerate, sandstone, phyllite and tuffite Neoproterozoic Synonym: Yaoyingzhai Formation. Yaoyunling Formation (,) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luocheng Sheet Yaoyunling in Luocheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For dark gray limestone, muddy limestone and bioclastic limestone Early Carboniferous. Yaozitou Sandstone () Chang Jianglin, 1992, in Cheng Baozhou, 1992, Late Palaeozoic Sedimentary En-

vironments and Coal Accumulation in Shanxi, China, Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 19 Yaozitou in Datong City, Shanxi Province For sandstone Early Permian. Yaoziyu Formation () Yaoziyu Quartzite Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Yaoziyu coal field, northeast of Benxi City, Liaoning Province For shale and quartzite above the Yaoziyu Limestone Late Carboniferous Homonym: Yaoziyu Lime-

stone. Yaoziyu Limestone () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Yaoziyu coal field, northeast of Benxi City, Liaoning Province For limestone below the Yaoziyu Limestone Late Carboniferous Homonymous with Yaoziyu Formation. Yapaqin Group (2) Wang Naiwen, 1986, in Hao Yichun et al., 1986, The Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yapaqin, 10 km east of Chalukou, 70 km west of Tianshuihai, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of dark gray, black massive limestone and shale which was pointed by Norin E (1946) Early Cretaceous. Yapuqiasayi Formation ( ) Zhong Rui, Hao Yongxiang, 1990, Sinian-Permian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Tarim Basin, pt. I, Kuruktag area, Nanjing: Nanjing University Press Yapuqiasayi close to Kongqibulake, southwest of Qiemo County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a exotic block composed of alternating beds of gray to dark gray, grayish black quartzose sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Mid Ordovician. Yaqi Formation (/>) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pu’er Sheet Yaqi in Weishan County, Yunnan

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Province Mid Jurassic. Yarang Formation (8@) Yarang Member Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, 1965, Chinese Science Bulletin, (12) Yarang, 3.5 km north of Beiliu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dealing with a component member within the Beiliu Formation, for limestone, dolomitic limestone with interbeds of dolomite Mid Devonian. Yarkend Group ( ) Yarkend Series Terra H de, 1932, Geologische Forschungen in Westlichen Kunlon und Karakoram-Himalaya, Wissenschftiliche Ergehnisse der Dr.Trinklerschen Zentralasien Expedition, bd.II Yarkent river in western Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For yellow marl, red sandy shale, gray shale, coal seams, green, red, and gray shale with interbeds of limestone and conglomerate Late Permian-Early Jurassic. Yarlung Zangbo Formation (/) Qian Dingyu, 1992, A special lithostratigraphic unit, Yarlung Zangbo Formation, Journal of Stratigraphy, 16(4): 277-281 Typical locality in Yenong village, Jiding, Sangya County, Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the Yarlung Zangbo Jiang Ophiolite Belt, consists of basic volcanic rocks, radiolarian siliceous rock (band), diabase, gabbros, olivine diallaite and wheelie, and normal strata, stratified igneous rocks and non-stratified igneous rocks. It is conformable with the overlying Chongdui Formation and unconformable with the underlying Xigaze Peridotite Early Cretaceous. Yarunaga Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Gedake Sheet Yarunaga, 124 km southeast of Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray limestone with interbeds of clastic rocks Early Cretaceous. Yashan Formation () Yashan Shale, Yaishan Formation Wang C C, 1930, Geology of the Shiushui Valley, Kiangsi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (14) Yanshan, 50 km east of Wuning County, Jiangxi Province For yellowish green shale, red shale and green sandstone Early Silurian. Yashui Member (/) Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Dong Weiping ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (52), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Guizhou Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 166. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by No.4 Element of Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team Yashui in Huishui County, Guizhou Province Dealing with a component member within the Datangpo Formation, for limestone with interbeds of marl and silicalite Early Carboniferous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yaside Formation (/) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoxing Sheet Yaside in Baoxing County, Sichuan Province Dealing with the component formation in the base of Yanjing

Group, for metamorphic quartzose sandstone, quartz schist with interbeds of carbonaceous slate and phyllite; carbonaceous slate, phyllite with interbeds of metamorphic sandstone Sinian. Yaxicuo Formation (/ ) Yaxicuo Group Qinghai Integrative Geological Survey Team (Guo Gengcheng),

1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tuotuohe Sheet, Zhangganrisong Sheet Yaxicuo in Golmud City, Qinghai Province For grayish white dolomitic limestone, bioclastic limestone with interbeds of purplish red sandstone, calcareous clay stone,silver and iron mining Eocene-Oligocene. Yaxiehu Group (/> ) Yaxie Group (Wang Naiwen, 1986) Wang Naiwen, 1983, Mesozoic Stratig-

raphy and Its Plate Tectonic of Lakes Area, Northern Tibet, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yaxie lake in Luokezong Mountain Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of flysch sediments within the top of the Tielongtan Group Late Cretaceous A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Yaxi’er Group (/ ) Zhang Binggao, He Guoxiong, 1984, Stratigraphy of Karakoram Area, in Scientific Expedition of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Yaxi’er Lake in Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish white quartzose sandstone, grayish black, grayish white siliceous limestone with marble Early Devonian(?) A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Yaze Formation (/) Yin Jixiang, 1984, in Scientific Expedition of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Yaze close to Ranwu Area, Songzong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a part of limestone within the Songzong Group Mid Devonian Yaze Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Yazhi Formation () Rao Yongbiao, Xu Jifan, Chen Yongming, Zou Dingbang, et al., 1987, Triassic of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yazhi close to Tulong, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a subdivision within the middle part of the Qudenggongba Formation Late Triassic Yazhi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

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Yazi Formation () Wang Guolian, Sun Xiufang, 1973, Acta Geologica Sinica, 47(2): 137-178 Yazi close to Wulipo, Xikou, 25 km southeast of Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province For grayish black, gray limestone Early Permian Yazi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Yazigou Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongning Sheet Yazigou in Muli County, Sichuan Province For a series of metamorphic muddy rocks, carbonic rocks and volcanic rocks Mid Devonian. Yazitang Formation (8) Yazitang Member Wu Wangshi, Zhang Linxin, Jin Yugan, 1974, Carboniferous

of Western Guizhou, Chihkan of Institute of Nanjing Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (6): 72-87 Yazitang, southeast of Weining County, Guizhou Province Dealing with a component member within the Caohai Formation, for grayish black marls Early Carboniferous Yazitang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Yeba Formation () Yeba Group Tibet Integrative Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Yeba valley in Dazi County, Tibet Autonomous Region Composed of gray slate with limestone in the lower part and volcanic rocks in the upper part Early Triassic. Yebokangjiale Formation ( ) Yebokangjiale Rudite Zhao Xitao, Guo Xudong, Gao Fuqing, 1976, Quaternary Stratigraphy of Qumulungma Mountain Area, in Scientific Expedition of Tibet, Academia Sinica, 1976, Report of Scientific Expedition of Qumulungma Mountain Area (1966-1968), Quaternary Geology, Beijing: Science Press, 1-28 Yebokangjiale, headstream of Nakeduola river, the upper reaches of Penqu River, the north slope of Xixiabangma Mountain, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For yellow sandstone, gravel-bearing sandstone, and light gray sandstone Neocene Synonym: Zanda Group. Yecheng Group () Yecheng Formation Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the sum of Duwa Formation, Daliyue’er Formation and Shajingzi Formation Permian. Yechiatang Formation () Yechiatang Coal Series Jiang Shengzhi, Cheng Xianyao, Ge Yan, 1963, in Proceedings of Science Conference of Stratigraphy of Western Zhejiang, Beijing: Sci-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

ence Press Yejiatang (Yechiatang) village, 30 km southeast of Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province For rudite, gravel-bearing rudite, fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, carbonaceous mudstone with interbeds of coal seams Carboniferous. Yefanggou Formation () Yang Jialu, Yu Suyu, Liu Guitao, et al., 1991, Cambrian Stratigraphy, Lithofacies Paleogeography and Trilobita Fauna of Eastern Qinling-Dabashan, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Yefanggou close to Yuejiaping, Wangjiadian Township, Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province For the lower part of the original Yuejiagou Formation without the Naozizhai Formation Mid Cambrian. Yehlang Formation (0) Yehlangian Series Ting V K, Grabau A W, 1936, Report of 16th International Geological Congress ( 1933), Washington, USA Ancient country name Yelang (Yehlang) in northern Guizhou Province Today composed of Shabaowan Member, Huangcunba Member and Jiujitan Member Early Triassic The original definition and its form of the name Yehlang Formation were the “Yehlangian Series” with the suffix “-ian” after the geographic name (Ting V K, Grabau A W, 1936). Therefore the Yehlang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Yehli Formation () Yehli Limestone Grabau A W, 1922, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser.B, (1) Yeli (Yehli) in Kaiping County, Hebei Province For limestone, marls, edgewise conglomerate and yellowish green shales Early Ordovician.

Yehliu Group ( ) Ho C S, 1975, An Introduction to the Geology of Taiwan, An Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Taiwan Yehliu Town, 8 km northwest of Chilung City, Taiwan Province Dealing with the sum of Wuchihshan Formation (2), Mushan Formation and Taliao Formation, for sandstone, shale, with interbeds of coal seams and volcanic rocks Oligocene-Miocene. Yehucheng Formation ( ) Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Gansu Geology, (2) Yehucheng in Yongdeng County, Gansu Province For red mudstone with interbeds of sandstone, with gypsum and mirabilite Oligocene. Yejishan Group ( ) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1984, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet Yejishan close to Zhaishang, Shanxi Province For the sum of Qingyangshuwan Formation, Bailongshan Formation and Chengdaogou Formation Palaeoproterozoic.

Yeka Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guxue Sheet Yeka in Yunnan Province Pliocene.

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Yeliemodun Formation (' :) Cai Tuci, 1984, Discussion on transition zone and age adscription of the Early-

Middle Carboniferous in the Tianshan Region of Xinjiang, in the light of Tetracorals, Regional Geology of China, (8): 59-70 Yeliemodun in Nileke County, Western Tianshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For sandstone, siltstone and muddy limestone Early Carboniferous Yeliemodun Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic or chronostratigraphic meaning. Yemahe Formation ( ) Zhang Huimin, Zhang Wenzhi, 1984, Middle and Upper Proterozoic Magne-

tostratigraphy and Tectonic Evolution in Eastern China, in Scientific Papers on Geology for International Exchange, Prepared for the 27th International Geological Congress, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 151-160. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Li Quan & Leng Jian, Li and Leng’s paper was published in 1987 Yemahe, 31 km southwest of Songbai Town, Shennongjia Forestry Area, Hubei Province Dealing with a component formation within the Shennongjia Group, for massive breccia siliceous dolomite Mesoproterozoic. Yemajie Formation ( ) Fan Guolin, 1994, The establishment of the Yemajie Formation in the Beishan

Mountain, Gansu, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 295297 Yemajie, 10 km northwest of Tongchangkou, Subei County, Gansu Province For purple phyllitic siltstone with interbeds of siltstone and siliceous limestone, and light gray metamorphic siltstone with interbeds of marls and calcareous sandstone Neoproterozoic. Yemananshan Group ( ) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Precambrian Group of Northwest Institute of Geology Yemananshan in Subei County, Gansu Province For gneiss, schist and metamorphic conglomerate Palaeoproterozoic. Yematan Formation ( ) He Yuanliang, 1984, Continental Jurassic Classification and Preliminary Discus-

sion of Qinghai Province, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (14): 165-184 Yematan in Animaqing Mountain Area, Qinghai Province For yellowish green sandstone, shale with interbeds of carbonaceous shale and coal seams Mid Jurassic. Yen’an Formation (9) Yen-an-fu Phase, geographic name Yen-an was Romanized as Ianan by the French (LSI) Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34 Yan’an (Yen’an) County, Shaanxi Province For grayish green, light gray, grayish black sandstone, sandy shales with interbeds of workable coal seams, with purplish red conglomer-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

ate in the bottom Early Jurassic Homonym with the same name and subordinate relationship: Yan’an Sandstone. Yenchang Formation (9) Yenchang Phase, geographic name Yenchang was Romanized as Iantchan by the French (LSI) Fuller M L, Clapp F G, 1926, Journal of Geology, vol.34 Yanchang (Yenchang) County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of grayish, yellowish green sandstone and mudstone Late Triassic.

Yenchi Formation () Yenchi Slate Wang C H, Pian H T, 1949, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 29(1/4): 63 Yanxi (Yenchi) in Xinhua County, Hunan Province For black carbonaceous, siliceous shale or slate with interbeds of yellowish green sandy shale Early Ordov-

ician. Yenchiapu Limestone () Wang H C, Liu C Y, 1936, Mem. Geol. Surv. Hunan, ser.B, (1): 31 Yanjiapu (Yenchiapu), 40 km south of Anhua County, Hunan Province For limestone Late

Permian. Yenchihchieh Formation () Yenchihchieh Clay Beds Yu C C, Kuo H C, 1948, Proc. Nat. Inst. Geol., Academia Sinica, (8): 117 Yanzhijie (Yenchihchieh) in Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province For clayey chert beds Early Permian.

Yenchihshan Formation (? ) Yenchihshan Series Tseng T C, 1944, Middle & Upper Carboniferous Stratig-

raphy of West Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 24(1/2): 37-46. First appeared in a manuscript by Huang T K Yanzhishan (Yenchihshan) or Dahuangshan between Yongchang County and Shandan County, Gansu Province For coal series with interbeds of limestone Permian. Yenchiling Group (@) Yenchiling Series, geographic name Yenchiling was Romanized as Iantszilin by the French (LSI) Liu C C, 1926, Report of Boyang-Leping Coal Field Survey of Kiangsi, Geological Survey of Kiangsi Yanjiling (Yenchiling), east of Boyang County, Jiangxi Province For phyllite Presinian.

Yenchingho Formation (:) Hou T F, Wan H H, 1939, Bull. Geol. Surv. Szechuan, (2): 154 Yanjinghe

(Yenchingho) between Guangyuan County and Nanjiang County, Sichuan Province For siliceous limestone, alternating beds of sandstone and shale, with interbeds of limestone, red sandstone and shale Sinian.

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Yenchingkou Speleothem (:

) Yenchingkou Cave Deposits Matthew W D, Granger W, 1923, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol.48, 563-589 Yanjinggou (Yenchingkou), 30 km southwest of Wanxian County, Sichuan Province For red, yellow clay, sility sand and breccia Pleistocene. Yenchingpa Limestone (:) Yuan C C, Liu P Y, 1941, Report of Geological Survey of Xinitang Salt Mining of Kaiyang, Kueichou Yanjingba (Yenchingpa) in Kaiyang County, Guizhou Province For dolomitic limestone Late Sinian. Yenchou Formation ( ) Endo R, 1931, Cambrian Period, Iwanami Series Yanzhou (Yenchou), 15 km south of Yantai coal mining, Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province For gray muddybands-bearing thin-bedded limestone with interbeds of edgewise conglomerate and purplish yellow shale partly Cambrian. Yenfang Formation (A) Wang S W, 1930, Mining and Metallurgy, 4(13): 56 Yanfang (Yenfang) village, 30 km northeast of Changding County, Fujian Province For tuffite Cretaceous. Yeniupo Formation ( ) Chen Ting’en, 2000, Silurian, in The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Geological Evolution of the Karakoram-Kunlun Mountain, Beijing: Science Press, 25, 28 Yeniupo close to Luokezong hill, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish white limestone with interbeds of red muddy banded limestone and knotty limestone Late Silurian. Yeniushan Formation ( ) Jin Chuntai, Ye Shaohua, He Yuanxiang, et al., 1989, Silurian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Erlanshan Area, Sichuan, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (11) Yeniushan in Erlangshan Area, Sichuan Province Mid-Late Silurian. Yenkoushan Limestone () Meng H M, Chang K, 1932-1933, Geology of Hunan-Kwangtung-Kwangsi border, 1932, Ann. General Report Nat. Res., Academia Sinica Yankoushan (Yenkoushan) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Mid Carbonif-

erous. Yenkuan Group See Aikuan Group. Yenlengshan Sandstone () Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Continental Mesozoic Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 142. First appeared in a 1942 manuscript by Ting Y &

1322

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Kuan S C Yanlengshan (Yenlengshan) in Qijiang County, Sichuan Province For sandstone Jurassic. Yenpian Group (:) Yepian Series Chang L C, 1935, Geology an Mineral Resources of Lei, Ma, E, Ping, 7 Counties, Special Publication of Western China Academy, (1) Yanbian (Yenpian) County, Sichuan Province For metamorphic rocks Proterozoic.

Yenshan Group () Lin C C, 1948, Geological Review, vol.13, a table behind p.150 Yanshan (Yenshan) Mountain, North China For granite Early Cretaceous.

Yenshuikeng Shale (: ) Geographic name Yenshuikeng was Romanized as Intosi by the Japanese (LSI) Ho C S, 1956, Proceedings of Geological Survey of Taiwan, (8) Yenshuikeng village, close to Nanhua, Tainan County, Taiwan Province For shale Miocene.

Yentai Formation () Yentai Coal Series, geographic name Yantai (Yentai) was Romanized as Endai by the Japanese (LSI) Yabe H, 1917, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., ser.2, vol.IV, (2): 61 (after the note of Grabau A W, 1923-1924, 388) Yantai (Yentai) coal field, Liaoning Province For coal-bearing strata Permian.

Yentungshan Quartzite (!) Yang Jie, 1955, Newsletter of Geological Society of China, (9): 25 Yantongshan (Yentungshan), north of Xuanhua County, Hebei Province For quartzite with interbeds of banded shale and hematite Presinian.

Yentze Formation () Yentze Series, Yentzeyen Sandstone (Ting V K, 1947) Yoh S S, 1929, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol. 2, II, 53-90 Yanziyan (Yentzeyen), 2 km south of Liucheng County (old Dapu), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For purple, white, yellow sandstone with interbeds of silicalite, and with limestone in the top Early Carboniferous Homonym: Yentze Sandstone.

Yentze Sandstone () Yentze Silicalite or Yentze Lacustrine Beds Weng W P, Lee T S, 1946, A pre-

liminary study on the Quaternary glaciation of the Nanshan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 26(1/4): 173 Yanzi (Yentze) in Gansu Province For silicalite and lacustrine beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Yentze Formation. Yentzeyen Sandstone () See Yentze Formation.

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Yenwa Formation ( ) Grabau A W, 1923-1924, Stratigraphy of China, Paleozoic and Older, pt. I, Peking, Geological Survey of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 520. First appeared in a manuscript by Liu C C & Hsu Y M Yanwa (Yenwa) located at Dongting Island in Taihu, Jiangsu Province Permian. Yenwangkou Formation (=) Yenwangkou Series Huang T K, Tseng T C, 1948, Geological Review, 12(3/4): 253 Yangwanggou (Yenwangkou) in Huayingshan, Sichuan Province For gray-

ish black shale with interbeds of thin-bedded coal seams, and with 40cm thickness oolitic hematite in the base Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Yenwashan Member ( ) Yenwashan Formation Liu C C, Chao Y T, 1927, Geology of Western Chekiang, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (9): 11-28 Yanwashan (Yenwashan) between Changshan County and Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province For purple, grayish green knotty limestone with interbeds of calcareous shale Mid Ordovician. Yenwuli Formation () Chu T H, Chen H H, 1924, Preliminary Report of Geological Survey of Chekiang, (1) Yanwuli close to Changkou, 17 km southwest of Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province Early Ordovician.

Yenyuan Formation (:) Chang L C, 1937, Geology and Mineral Resources of Lei, Ma, E, Ping, 7 Counties, Special Publication of Western China Academy, (9) Yanyuan (Yenyuan) County, western Sichuan Province For local lignite-bearing muddy shale Pliocene. Yesanggang Formation () Zhang Yuqian, Zhao Mingyu, Jiao Shengrui, 1977, Xinjiang Geology, Stratigraphy, (1): 110-129 Yesanggang in Kalamilan area, Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red sandstone, siltstone and mudstone, with alternating beds of grayish green tuffaceous sandstone and black limestone Late Permian. Yeshan Quartzite ( ) Wang Y L, Hsiung Y H, et al., 1938, Preliminary Report of National Geological Survey, (9): 4 Yeshan close to Wengxiang, 40 km east of Lushan County, Guizhou Province For quartzite Early-Mid Devonian. Yeshanchong Limestone () Yih L F, Lee C, 1924, Geology of the coalfield of Chin Hsien and Hsuan Cheng, Anhui, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (6): 13-20 Yeshanchong in Tongling County, Anhui Province For limestone Early Carboniferous.

1324

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yetang Formation () Zheng Jiajian et al., 1973, Notes on the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary of the Nanhsiung Basin, North Kwangtung, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 11(1): 18-30 Yetang, 9 km north of Xingcheng Town, Xingning County, Guangdong Province For purplish red siltstone, calcareous siltstone with interbeds of grayish green, dark gray calcareous mudstone, limestone and thin-bedded gypsum Late Cretaceous. Yetou Formation ( ) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang, Weifang Sheet. First appeared in a 1986 manuscript by Ai Xiansen Yetou in Laiyang City, Shandong Province Dealing with the component formation, for grayish green diopside rocks, dolomitic marble and serpentine marble Palaeoproterozoic. Yexigou Member ( ) Wang Shouyi, 1988, in Wu Tieshan, Xiao Suzhen, Wang Shouyi, 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Yexigou in Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component member within the Dabeigou Formation, for chocolite, dark purplish red sandy mudstone Late Jurassic. Yeyungou Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Ku’erle Geology Team Yeyungou close to Ku’erle, in the southern slope of Boluohuoluo Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish black, grayish white limestone with interbeds of mudstone, purplish red siltstone with interbeds of rudite Early Carboniferous. Yezhugou Formation ( ) Wu Tieshan, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet Yezhugou in Shanxi Province Archean.

Yezhutang Formation ( ) Chen Zhongliang, Yang Huaming, 1992, The discovery of Sycidium fossils in the Yezhutang Formation in Xichang, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.3 (serial no.42), 229-232. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by Panxi Geology Team Yezhutang in the western bank of Anning river, Xichang County, Sichuan Province For limestone and dolomite Mid Devonian Yezhutang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Yi’an Formation () Jiang Chunchao, 1963, in Hodak, Sun Shu, 1963, Integrated Team of Expedition of Heilongjiang River Valley, Academia Sinica, 1963, The Geology of the Heilongjiang River Valley and Its Adjacent Area, vol.1, Beijing: Science Press. First

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appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Songliao Oil Geological Survey Team Yi’an County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish green mudstone, sandstone, black carbonaceous shale with interbeds of lignite Eocene(?). Yibi Formation (2) No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mengla Sheet, Shangyong Sheet Yibi in Yunnan Province Mid Triassic.

Yichiawan Shale () Yichiawan Shale Tien C C, 1938, Geological Review, 3(4): 369 Yijiawan (Yichiawan) in Xiangtan City, Hunan Province Dealing with a component subdivision within the Chitzuchiao Series, for shale, marls with muddy limestone Mid

Devonian. Yidaohe Formation ($) Yin Hongfu, Yang Fengqing, et al., 1992, Triassic of the Qinling and Neighboring Area, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Yidaohe river in Shaanxi Province Early Triassic Yidaohe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

Yidiehe Member () Wu Tieshan, 1988, in Wu Tieshan, Xiao Suzhen, Wang Shouyi, 1988, Lithos-

tratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Yidiehe in Shilou County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the component member within the middle of the Yenchang Formation, for alternating beds of gray, pinkish, grayish green, yellowish green sandstone, grayish mudstone and shale Mid Jurassic. Yidu Formation (1) Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Yidu County, Shandong Province Pleistocene.

Yidun Group (6) Bing Xue, 1977, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Sichuan, (2): 22-30. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Wen Peiran Yidun in Lieyi Township, Cuola Area, Batang County, Sichuan Province For a series of metamorphic sandy slate with interbeds of limestone and volcanic rocks, included Lieyi Formation and Dang’en Formation Triassic.

Yifeng Formation ( ) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tonggu Sheet Yifeng County, Jiangxi Province For

schist and a few phyllites; metamorphic spilite and diabase with interbeds of keratophyre Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Ifeng Formation.

1326

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yifengling Limestone (2) Sun C C, 1931, in Hsieh C Y, Sun C C, Chen K, Cheng Y C, 1931, Geology of the Iron Deposits of the Lower Yangtze, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (13): 29 Yifengling, 4 km southeast of Tongling County, Anhui Province For limestone Late Permian-Triassic. Yigenhe Formation ( ) No.2 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Genhe Sheet Yigenhe close to Yiligen pastureland, Ergun Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of parti-coloured conglomerate and siltstone Late Carboniferous. Yigeziya Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Wang Aimin Yigeziya in Yingjisha County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with the component formation within the middle part of the Yingjisha Group, for light purple, purplish gray and brownish red massive limestone, with interbeds of grayish yellow sandy limestone, muddy limestone with fine-grained quartz sandstone and mudstone Late Cretaceous. Yihai Formation (3 ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 299 Yihai in Mianning County, Sichuan Province For peat and ooze Holocene. Yihe Formation (4) Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Yihe in Shandong Province For alluvium Holocene.

Yihe Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 206. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Tonghua Geology Team Yihe in Naozhi Township, Hunjiang City, Jilin Province For tuffaceous conglomerate, sandstone, with interbeds of shale and coal seams Early Jurassic. Yihewusu Formation () Ding Runjie, Xia Guoying, Duan Chenghua, et al., 1985, Early Permian Stratigraphy and Fauna of Inner Mongolia, Bulletin of Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (10) Yihewusu in

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Darham Muminggan Joint-Banner (Bailingmiao), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For the subdivision within the top of Jisu Honguer Formation Late Permian. Yihsien Formation () I-Hsien Formation Grabau A W, 1923, Cretaceous Mollusca from North China, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (5), fasc.2, 183-197 Yixian (Yihsien) County, Liaoning Province For gray, yellow and green thin-bedded sandstone Cretaceous Homonym: Yixian Volcanics.

Yihushui Conglomerate ($#) Qian Yiuan et al. 1964, in Chihkan of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Stratigraphy, (1) Yihushui in Xiuning County, Anhui Province Dealing with a subdivision within the base of the Hsiuning Sandstone, for conglomerate Early Cambrian.

Yiji Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongning Sheet Yiji in Muli County, Sichuan Province For light metamorphic muddy rocks with interbeds of clastic rocks, limestone and basic volcanic rocks Early Devonian.

Yijiachong Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 209 Yijiachong close to Guanzishan, Leiyang County, Hunan Province For purplish red mudstone with interbeds of siltstone, and quartzite Early Triassic. Yijianfang Formation ($) Zhou Zhiyi, Wang Pu, Zhou Tianrong, 1990, in Zhou Zhiyi, Chen Piji ed., Bios-

tratigraphy and Geological Evolution of Tarim Basin, Beijing: Science Press, 91 Yijianfang close to Sanchakou, Bachu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For limestone Early Ordovician.

Yijiangqiao Formation ($ ) Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 107 Yijiangqiao in Chengdu Plain, Sichuan Province For yellow clay Pleistocene.

Yijiaqiao Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shennongjia Sheet Yijiaqiao in Mufushan Area, close to the boundary between Hunan and Hubei, Hubei Province For the component formation within the local Lengchiahsi Group Proterozoic.

1328

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yijing Group () Yijing Formation Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dangshan, Suxian, Lingbi Sheet Yijing in Anhui Province For the sum of Shihchienfeng Formation and Santai Formation Early-Mid Jurassic. Yijinhuole Formation () Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Yijinhuole in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Early Cretaceous. Yiken Limestone () Ju Ziyun, 1959, Late Palaeozoic Stratigraphy of Central Inner Mongolia, Proceedings of National Stratigraphic Conference, (169): 1-19 Yiken lake at the southern margin of Tenggeer District, Aga Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For limestone Early Permian. Yikenbulake Formation () Yikebulake Formation Wang Banyue, Chang Jiang, Meng Xianjia, Chen Jinrong, 1981, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 19(1): 26-34 Yikebulake (Yikenbulake) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Oligocene. Yikewusu Formation () Zhang Yan, 1981, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 20(5): 383-392. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Zheng Zhaochang Yikewusu close to Wotuoshan, Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For calcareous fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, sandy and muddy limestone with interbeds of siliceous limestone and silicalite Early-Mid Devonian. Yilan Formation (1) Youlan Formation Wang Yu, Yu Changmin, Wu Qi, 1974, Development of the

study of Devonian biostratigraphy of Southern China, in Chihkan of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2): 1-71. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by No.5 Oil Geological Survey Team Yilan (misunderstood as Youlan) in Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Devonian. Yilaxi Formation ($) Tao Nansheng, Liu Fa, Wu Shizhong, 1975, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, (1): 31-61 Yilaxi in Yongji County, Jilin Province For volcanic rocks with interbeds of sandstone and limestone bands Late Permian. Yilehulishan Group () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Qu Guansheng ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (23), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Heilongjiang Province, Wuhan: China University of

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Geosciences Press, 23 Yilehulishan in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province Composed of Kunasenhe Formation, Huangbanjishan Formation, Dayikanghe Formation, Nanyanghe Formation and Anniangniangqiao Formation Ordovician. Yiliekede Formation See Yilikede Formation. Yilikede Formation () Yiliekede Formation Tanlin, 1991, in Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 243. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Zhang Wencai et al. Yilikede in Yakeshi City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late JurassicEarly Cretaceous Yilikede Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Yiliu Formation ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Yiliu in Fengqing County, Yunnan Province For volcanic rocks beds with olistostrome (Early Carboniferous) Late Permian-Early Triassic Synonymous with Pingzhang Formation; Synonym: Laochang Volcanics. Yilung Limestone ( ) Ting V K, 1926, in Grabau A W, 1926, Palaeontologia Sinica, ser.B, vol.3, fasc.2, 16 Yilong (Yilung) in eastern Yunnan Province For limestone Silurian. Yima Formation () Yima Series Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratig-

raphy of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by No.104 Henan Coal Field Team Yima in Xin’an County, Henan Province For brownish red rudite with interbeds of clay Late Triassic-Early Jurassic. Yimianpo Group ($!) Wang Chengxiao, 1993, Precambrian, in Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 40 Yimianpo in Shangzhi City, Heilongjiang Province Composed of Etoushan Formation and Gu’antun Formation Neoproterozoic. Yimin Formation ()) Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Wenguo ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (15), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Wuhan: China

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

University of Geosciences Press, 59. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Yimin Coal Field Geological Battle Command of Heilongjiang Provicne Yimin City, Ewenk Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish white siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate, with interbeds of carbonaceous shale and mudstone, and with seven coal seams Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Imin Formation. Yimugantawu Formation ($) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by No.13 Geology Team, Ministry of Geology Yimugantawu, northeast of Keping County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark red with intercolour of grayish green siltstone Late Devonian. Yina Formation () Yina Series Ting V K, 1947, Report on Geological Survey, Nanking, National Geological Suevey of China, 25-31 Yina, 14 km west of Wuding County, Yunnan Province Precambrian.

Yinanlike Formation () Wang Baoyu, 1985, Chinese Science Bulletin, (14): 1094-1096. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Zeng Yasheng Yinanlike in Heiyingshan Township, Baicheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For marble, gneiss and migmatite Early-Mid Ordovician Yinanlike Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Yin’aoxia Formation () No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongchang Sheet Yin’aoxia in Gansu Province Permian.

Yinawei Shale (5) Wang C C, Lu C H, 1940, Geology of the Coal Field Niaoke, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33): 2 Yinawei village, north of Niaoge (Niaoke) Coal Field, Kaiyuan County, Yunnan Province For shale Early Triassic.

Yinchanggou Formation () Leng Chonglin, 1983, Discovery of the Cambrian and Ordovician of Jinshajiang,

Zhongdian, Yunnan, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yinchanggou in Jinjiang District, Zhongdian County, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of gray, dark gray siltstone, mudstone and dolomite Late Cambrian. Yinchu Formation i.e. Yinchupu Formation.

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Yinchuan Formation (1) ( 1) Huo Fuchen, Pan Xingshi, You Guolin, et al., 1989, Introduction to Geology of Ningxia, Beijing: Science Press Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For brownish gray dolomitic limestone, grayish yellow muddy banded limestone and network limestone with interbeds of chert concretion Mid Ordovician Homonym: Yinchuan Formation (2).

Yinchuan Formation (2) ( 2) Zhang Guodian, 1990, in Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1990, Regional Geology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 217 Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For light gray fine-grained sands with interbeds of light brown clay, with gravel-bearing clay Pleistocene Homonymous with Yinchuan Formation (1). Yinchufu Formation See Yinchupu Formation. Yinchupu Formation ( ) Yin-chu-pu Limestone Series, Yinchufu Series (Chu T H, Sun H H, 1924), Yinchu Series (Lee J S, 1939) Noda S, 1915, Bull. Imp. Geol. Surv. Japan, 25(1): 6 Yinzhubu (Yinchupu) between Yuqian County and Fenshui County, Zhejiang Province For impure siliceous limestone Early Ordovician Synonym: Yinchu

Formation. Yindonggou Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 64 Yindonggou in Qinyang County, Henan Province Dealing with the component formation within the Maoji Group, for quartz schist and marble Palaeoproterozoic. Yindonggou Formation () Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 83. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Wang Dexu Yindonggou in Gansu Province Late Ordovician Synonymous with Guobeishan Formation. Yinga Formation () Yin Jixiang, Guo Shizeng, 1984, Bomi-Zayu Subzone of Lhasa-Zayu Geologi-

cal Zone, in Integrated Scientific Expedition of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ed., 1984,

1332

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 156-179 Yinga, south of Lagu village, Bomi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray, yellow gravel-bearing sandy slate, mudstone and sand slate Late Permian. Yingan Formation () Zhan Shigao, 1963, Information of Science and Technology of Xinjiang, (2): 6-17 Yingan village, northeast of Keping County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For black and dark gray silty shale with interbeds of limestone Late Ordovician.

Yingbeishan Conglomerate Member () No.6 Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shulan Sheet Yingbeishan in Jiutai County, Jilin Province Dealing with the lower member within the Lujiatun Formation, for tuffaceous sandstone, conglomerate and greywacke Late Triassic.

Yingbishan Formation (") Liaoning Institute of Geology, 1963, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Shenyang Sheet, 73-102 Yingbishan in Yuanren County, Liaoning Province For andesite, tuffaceous breccia and andesitic tuffite Late Jurassic. Yingcheng Formation () Yingcheng Gypsum-bearing Formation Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral

Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 227. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Lu Xichu Yingcheng County, Hubei Province For gypsum-bearing red beds Neocene. Yingcheng Volcanics Series See Yingchengtze Formation (2). Yingchengtze Formation (1) ( 1) Yingchengtze Stage Matsushita S, 1931, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., 1(4): 235254 Yingchengzi (Yingchengtze) in Lvshun, Liaoning Province For black banded limestone and clayey slate Proterozoic Homonym: Yingchengtze Formation (2). Yingchengtze Formation (2) ( 2) Yinchengtze Volcanics Series, Yingcheng Volcanic Series (No.112 Liaoning Coal Field Team, 1956-1959) Morita G, 1941, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 48(570): 167168 Yingcheng Coal Mining, Jiutai City, Jilin Province For volcanics-bearing coal seams Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Yinchengtze Formation (1).

Yingchunshan Shale () Huang Y S, 1940, Geology of the Iron Ore Deposits of Imen, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (33) Yingchunshan, 1 km north of Yimen (Imen) County, Yunnan Province For shale Early Cambrian.

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Yingebulake Group (6) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Gao Zhisheng et al. Yingebulake close to Annaba, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of clastic rocks and carbonate rocks Late Carboniferous-Late Permian. Yingezhuang Formation (7) Compiling Group for Beijing Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1977, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Beijing Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yingezhuang in Beijing Municipality For blackish mudstone beds Holocene. Yinggedaban Group () Sun Dongli, 2000, in Integrated Scientific Expedition of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000, Geological Evolution of Karakoram-Kunlun Mountains Area, Beijing: Science Press, 54 Yinggedaban in Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray, grayish yellow conglomerate with interbeds of siltstone Mid-Late Triassic. Yinggehai Formation ( ) ) Hu Pingzhong, Su Houxi, 1981, Chapter 3, in Zeng Dingqian ed., 1981, Tertiary

of North Continental Shelf of South China Sea, Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 35-143 Yinggehai sea, Northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province Dealing with the segment of 453-1188 in Ying-6 Hole, for gray mudstone with interbeds of white rudite and siltstone Pliocene Yinggoudong Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luocheng Sheet Yinggoudong close to the eastern gate of Luocheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For dark gray, grayish black limestone with interbeds of marls Early Carboniferous Yinggoudong For-

mation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Yinghuacun Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dunhua County Sheet Yinghua village in Jilin Province For grayish white sandstone and conglomerate Early Cretaceous.

Yingjisha Group () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1977, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript

1334

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

by Geological Survey Division of Xinjiang Bureau of Oil Yingjisha County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed of Kukebai Formation, Wuyitake Formation, Yigeyazi Formation and Tuyiluoke Formation Late Cretaceous. Yingken Formation () Jain A K et al. 1974, Stratigraphy and structure of the Siang district, Arunachal (NEFFA) Himalaya, Himalayan Geology, 4, pt.1, 28-60 Yingken in Luoyu area, southern Tibet Autonomous Region For the lower part of the local Miri Group Sinian-Palaeozoic.

Yingkeshih Formation ()) Yingkeshih Stage Matsushita S, 1935, Mem. Ryojun Coll. Eng., 8(2) Yinggeshi (Yingkeshih) village in Dalian City, Liaoning Province For phyllitic limestone and calcareous phyllite Proterozoic.

Yingou Formation ( ) Yingou Series Zhang Wentang, 1962, The Ordovician of China, Beijing: Sci-

ence Press. First appeared in a 1957 manuscript by Yin Zanxun. Yin’s Paper was published in 1963 (Geology of Qilianshan, vol.2, fasc.2, 92-99) Yingou in Yumen City, Gansu Province For volcanic rocks, limestone, shale and breccia Early Ordovician. Yingpan Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fengqing Sheet Yingpan in Yunnan Province Neogene.

Yingpanting Beds () Ying-Pan-ting Formation Yuan P L, 1935, Geografiska Annaler, vol.17, pl.1 Yingpanding (Yingpanting) in Fuyuan County, west of Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Jurassic.

Yingqikejieruike Formation i.e. Yingqikeruike Formation. Yingqikeruike Formation ( +) Yinqikejieruike Formation (Gu Zhiwei, 1962, 59) Kravqink K H, 1958, Geology of CCCP, (8) Yingqikeruike in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Jurassic.

Yingshan Formation () Zhao Zhixin, Zhang Guizhi, 1992, Early Ordovician Conodont Stratigraphy of

Tarim Basin, in Tong Xiaoguang, Liang Digang ed., 1992, Proceedings of the Oil and Gas Expedition of Tarim Basin, Urumqi: Xinjiang Science and Technology Press. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by Zhou Tianrong Yingshan located at the boundary between Keping County and Wushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For gray crystalline limestone Early Ordovician.

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Yingshan Group () Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Yingshan County, Hubei Province Composed of local Gaocheng Formation, Pingfengshan Formation, Jieguanting Formation, Huantan Formation, Sanchahu Formation, Dalishan Formation and Fuling Formation Palaeoproterozoic. Yingshang Formation ( ) Chu T H, Wu Y S, Wang Y, Ma C T, 1934, Research on Underground Water, (1): 4 Yingshan village, northwest of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province Tertiary.

Yingshangou Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lu’an, Yuexi Sheet Yingshangou valley, north of Hekoufan, Yuexi County, Angui Province Dealing with a component formation within the Tapeishan Complex, for light color quartzite, with gneiss Archean.

Yingshuiquan Formation () Wen Shixuan, 1979, New materials of biostratigraphy in the northern Qiangtang Plateau, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(2): 150-156 Yingshuiquan close to Shuanghu Office, Shuanghu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For thin-bedded limestone and marls Early-Mid Triassic.

Yingtang Formation () Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luocheng Sheet Yingtang in Luocheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For grayish black mudstone, sandstone, muddy limestone, limestone and chert limestone Early Carboniferous.

Yingtang Formation ( ) Yoh S S, Bai S L, 1978, Devonian Stratigraphy of Dale Area, Xiangzhou, Guangxi

Zhuang Autonomous Region, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 43-62 Yingtang in Dale Township, Xiangzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Mid Devonian Yingtang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Yingtaogou Formation (

)

Compiling Group for Ningxia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yingtaogou in Helanshan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For limestone, slate and conglomerate Mid Ordovician.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yingtaoyuan Formation ( ) No.1 Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yingpan Sheet. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Zhang Fulai et al. Yingtaoyuan in Anshan City, Liaoning Province For phyllite and leptynite with interbeds of iron-bearing quartzite and schist Archean. Yingteh Limestone () Feng K L, Chang H J, 1927-1928, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.1, 72-73 Yingde (Yingteh) County, Guangdong Province For limestone Early Carboniferous. Yingtzu Formation () Yingtzu Series Kobayashi T, 1930-1931, Jap. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol.8, 139 Yingzi (Yingtzu), 3 km northwest of Benxi City, Liaoning Province For shale Late Cambrian. Yingugou Limestone ( 8) i.e. Yinkuakou Limestone. Yingwodong Formation ( ) Li Quan, Leng Jian, 1987, Upper Precambrian of Shennongjia, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Hubei Institute of Geology and Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Yingwodong river, close to Songluo, 12 km southeast of Laojunshan, Shennongjia Forestry Area, Hubei Province Dealing with a component formation within the Shennongjia Group, for muddy, siliceous and banded dolomite and purplish red muddy dolomite Mesoproterozoic. Yingwoshan Formation ( ) Huang T K, Young C C, Cheng Y C, Bien M N, Chow T C, Weng W P, 1947, Report on geological investigation of some oil-fields in Sinkiang, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (21) Yingwoshan, 57 km north of Kuqa County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Cretaceous. Yingyangguan Formation ( ) Yingyangguan Group Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.3], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 31. First appeared in a 1979 manuscript by Li Zihui Yingyangguan in Hexian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks with interbeds of dolomite, limestone, schist and silicalite; phyllite and marls, quartzite, phyllite and slate Sinian. Yingzhuangkuang Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Laiyang city, Weifang City, Xiyou Sheet Yingzhuangkuang

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in Shandong Province Archean. Yingzhuniang’a Formation (#) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yingzhuniang’a in Xinlong County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of dark gray gravel-bearing coarse-grained graywacke, graywacke siltstone, fine-grained sandstone and black carbonaceous slate Late Triassic. Yingzuilazi Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hunjiang City Sheet Yingzuilazi in Hunjiang City, Jilin Province For coal-bearing strata composed of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and shale Late Jurassic. Yingzuishan Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 205. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team Yingzuishan close to Huayuan, Sangzhi County, Hunan Province For yellowish gray, yellowish green fine-grained sandstone and sandy mudstone, with basal conglomerate Late Triassic. Yingzuiyan Formation () Zhu Zhaoling, Ge Meiyu, Xu Hankui, et al., 1977, Early Palaeozoic Stratigraphy

of Chengkou Area, Sichuan, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ed., 1977, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Yingzuiyan in Chengkou County, Eastern Dabashan, Sichuan Province For the local original Archaeocyathus-bearing reef limestone Early Cambrian. Yinjiahui Formation (8) Bai Jin, Gao Yadong, Xu Wenzheng, et al., 1982, Preliminary Discussion on

the Tectonic Evolution of the Wutai Group in Wutaishan Area, Proceedings of the Tectonic Geology, pt. II, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yinjiahui in Wutaishan Area, Shanxi Province For the component formation within the top of Shangyuan Subgroup of Wutai Group Archean. Yinjiajian Formation (8) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bengbu Sheet Yinjiajian in Fengyang County, Anhui Province Palaeoproterozoic. Yinjiangqiao Formation ( ) Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral

1338

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 211 Yinjiangqiao in Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province For yellow sand and gravel Holocene. Yinkeng Member (8 ) Guichi Stratigraphy Research Team, Anhui Bureau of Geology, 1965, The classification and correlation of Lower and Middle Series in Guichi Area, Anhui, Geology of East China, (7) Yinkeng in Guichi County, Anhui Province For thin-bedded limestone with interbeds of yellowish green shale Early Triassic. Yinkuakou Limestone ( ) Yingugou Limestone (Xu Huaida, 1959, Stratigraphy of Guangxi, 47) Chao K K, 1947, Stratigraphical development in Kwangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 27(1/4): 321-346 Yinguagou (Yinkuakou) in Yishan coal field, Yishan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For limestone Late Permian Synonym: Yingugou Limestone. Yinlukou Shale (%) Hsieh C Y, 1942, On the iron deposits in Shuicheng, Weining & Heichang, West Kueichou, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 22(3/4): 263-276 Yinlugou (Yinlukou) close to Guanyinshan, 25 km southeast of Shuicheng County (today Liupanshui City), Guizhou Province For alternating beds of gray, yellow, black shale, limestone and sandstone Late Carboniferous. Yinmagou Formation (9) Li Peijuan, He Yuanliang, Wu Xiangnong, Mei Shengwu, Li Bingyou, 1988,

Early-Mid Jurassic Stratigraphy and Flora in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province, Nanjing: Nanjing University Press Yinmagou in Qinghai Province For purplish red, grayish green clayey siltstone with interbeds of sandstone and graywacke Mid Jurassic. Yinmin Formation (6$) Yinmin Purple Formation Meng H M, 1947, Chihkan Nat. Inst. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica, (17) Yinmin in Dongchuan County, Yunnan Province For pur-

ple, red quartzite with interbeds of slate, and with light yellow thin-bedded quartzose sandstone in upper part and dark purple breccia in the lower part Sinian. Yinping Formation (

) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingwu Sheet Yinping in Mupi Township, Pingwu County, Sichuan Province For metamorphic sandstone and siltstone, with interbeds of a few volcanic rocks Presinian. Yinping Formation ($) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Stratigraphy of Anhui Province, Permian, Hefei: Anhui Science and Technology Press Yinpingshan in Chaohu

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City, Anhui Province For the stratigraphic body composed of shales with interbeds of silicalite between the local silicalite of Kufeng Formation and Lungtan Formation Early Permian. Yinpingshan Formation ($) Zhong Rui, Hao Yongxiang, 1990, Sinian-Permian Stratigraphy and Palaeontology in Tarim Basin, pt. I, Kuruktag, Nanjing: Nanjing University Press Yinpingshan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Late Ordovician Synonymous with Charchaq Formation. Yinpingshan Formation (?) Wang Baochen, 1986, Regional Geology of Guangdong, (2) Yinpingshan in Jiexi County, Guangdong Province For sandstone, siltstone with interbeds of mudstone Late Triassic-Early Jurassic.

Yinshan Formation ( ) Wang C C, Lee Y Y, 1938, Geology of the Yangchiatun Coal Field, West of Peiping, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (31): 39-56 Yinshan between Yangjiatun (Yangchiatun) and Huiyu, West-Hills, Beijing Municipality For the sun of coal seams, Haofang Conglomerate and Laoyemiao Beds (1) Late Carboniferous Homonym: Yinshan Limestone. Yinshan Limestone ( ) Ting V K, 1947, Reports of Geological Survey, Nanking, National Geological Survey Laoyinshan in Gejiu City, Yunnan Province For limestone Early Carboniferous Homonymous with Yinshan Formation. Yinshancun Formation () Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of

Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 196. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Yinshancun in Chaohu City, Anhui Province For speleothem, brownish red breccia and calcareous sand Pleistocene. Yinshangou Formation ( ) Han Dexin, Yang Qi, 1980, Coal-Field Geology, Beijing: Coal Industry Press. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Beijing Bureau of Mining Yinshangou in Yangtuo Mining Area, Mentougou District, Beijing Municipality For light gray fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of purple coarse-grained sandstone Early Permian. Yinshuihe Formation (9) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Yinshuihe in Duoma Area, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark greenish gray, dark gray, brownish gray quartzose sandstone, sandstone, siltstone, sandy shale and phyllite Mid Ordovician.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yinta Formation () Yinta Siliceous Beds Lee Y Y, Lee C, 1930, Ann. Rep. Nat. Res. Geol. Nanking, Academia Sinica Yinta in southern Anhui Province For silicalite beds Pre-Ordovician.

Yinuogaigou Formation (.) No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: (?) Sheet Yinuogaigou in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Late Silurian.

Yinwagou Formation ( ) Yan Zhiqiang, 1994, Journal of Stratigraphy, 18(1): 30-38 Yinwagou in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Palaeoproterozoic.

Yinwashan Formation ( ) Yinwashan Series Lu C H, Chen M H, 1948, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (37) Yinwoshan close to Jintai (or Jingyuan), northern Gansu Province For coalbearing strata Jurassic.

Yinwo Conglomerate ( ) Beijing Academy of Coal Sciences Research, 1959, Main Coal Fields in China, Beijing: Coal Industry Press Yinwo in Nanpiao, west of Jinxi, Liaoning Province For conglomerate Early Permian.

Yinyugou Group () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet Yinyugou in Wangwu Township, Jiyuan City, Henan Province For quartzose sandstone, schist, gneiss and marble Palae-

oproterozoic. Yinzhuang Formation (7) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongbai Sheet Yinzhuang close to Pingshi, Tongbai County, Henan Province For grayish green and parti-coloured conglomerate, brownish

red, brownish yellow and grayish green sandstone, siltstone and sandy mudstone with interbeds of lenticular rudite Neogene. Yiqihan Formation (;)) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 159. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Zhang Hairi Yiqihan river in Heilongjiang Province For parti-coloured volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks Early Triassic.

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Yiqikebashi Group (:) Wang Baoyu, 1985, Chinese Science Bulletin, (14): 1094-1096. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by No.4 Element of No.3 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Upper reaches of Yiqikebashi River, northeast of Heiyingshan, Baicheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For marble, leptynite and gneiss Mid-Late Silurian Yiqikebashi Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning.

Yishake Formation () Yishake Group First appeared in Yin Jixiang, 2000, in Integrated Scientific Ex-

pedition of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 2000, Geological Evolution of KarakoramKunlun Mountains, Beijing: Science Press, 15 Yishake close to Yulongtake, Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For pillow and massive lava with a few andesitic basalts Sinian. Yishan Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 9. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Hubei Institute of Regional Geological Survey Yishan in Tongshan County, Hubei Province For the component formation within the local Panhsi Group Proterozoic. Yishan Formation (&) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multi-

ple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 114 Yishan Township, Dongliao County, Jilin Province For alternating beds of metamorphic sandstone, marble and limestone in the lower part, and slate, phyllite with interbeds of sandstone and limestone in the upper part Silurian. Yishijilike Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhaosu Sheet Yishijilike, north of Tuomasu, Tekesi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green rhyolitic porphyry, felsitic porphyry, andesite and basalt Late Carboniferous.

Yishitsun Formation (5) Yishitsun Coal Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 179, chart 40. First appeared in a 1941 manuscript by Chen Ben Yishicun (Yishitsun),Tongchuan County, Shaanxi Province For coal series Early Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yishui Group (4) Cheng Zhizhong, 1990, Geology of Shandong, 6(1). First appeared in a manuscript by No.8 Shandong Geology Team Yishui in western Shandong Province For leptynite and granulite Archean. Yitai Formation (1#) Yitai Series Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 116, chart 118 Yitai in Hunan Province For schist, phyllite with interbeds of lenticular limestone and quartzite in the upper part, and alternating beds of phyllite and quartzite in the lower part Presinian. Yiuchinwo Shale (  ) i.e. Youganwo Formation. Yiuling Member ( ) Yiuling Beds Mo C S, Tu H L, 1943, Chihkan of Geological Survey of Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (1): 1-26 Youling (Yiuling) in Lian County, Guangdong Province For the grayish white limestone member within the top of the Lienhsien Formation Early Carboniferous. Yiutsingpo Shale ( ) Lee Y Y, 1940, Geological Review, 5(6): plate post p. 506 Youjingpo (Yiutsingpo) between Jianwei County and Leshan County, Sichuan Province For shale Cretaceous. Yiwagou Formation (1) Yiwa Formation No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhuoni Sheet Yiwagou in Diebu, Gansu Province For a series of carbonate rocks Early Devonian-Early Carboniferous. Yiwanjing Formation ($=) Yiwanjing Mud Gravel Guizhou Working Team of Stratigraphy and Paleontol-

ogy, 1977, Regional Stratigraphical Tables of Southwest China: Guizhou Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 86 Yiwanjing in Tuanxi County, Guizhou Province For yellow and red muddy gravel, slate gravel, limestone gravel and mudstone gravel covered with sandy clay Pleistocene. Yiwanquan Limestone ($=) Li Pu, 1958, Proc. Geol. Soc. China, 19(30) Yiwanquan in Jiuquan County, Gansu Province For limestone Ordovician. Yixiake-dawen Formation () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press,

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42, chart 9 Yixiake-dawen in the northern foot of Tianshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For alternating beds of gray conglomerate, muddy sandstone and shale Cretaceous. Yixian Volcanics () Muroi W, 1940, Fushin and Lingyuan District, Guide Book to No.2 Excursion, Geological Congress of Marchuria, 28-29 Lingyuan District, 130 km west of Yixian (Yihsien), Liaoning Province For the local “lower porphyry beds” Cretaceous Homonymous with Yihsien Formation.

Yixing Formation () Zou Songmei, Qin Zhixiang, Tang Xingyuan, 1990, Jiangsu Geology, (4): 15-20 Yixing County, Jiangsu Province For limestone Late Permian Synonymous

with Changsing Limestone. Yiyuan Speleothem (4

) Yiyuan Formation Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Yiyuan County, Shandong Province Dealing with speleothem, for gravel beds, clay and ash beds Pleistocene.

Yizhang Formation () Teaching Room of Coal Field, Wuhan College of Geology, 1981, Coal Field Geology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, table-III-12 Yizhang County, Hunan Province For the sum of Meitian Member, Jiubei Member and Matian Member Late Permian.

Yizishan Member (&) Wang Zhaoxin, Liang Chengli, Wang Zhaozeng, Han Tongxiang, 1966, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 1(1): 77-89 Yizishan, east of Doulishan, Lianyuan County, Hunan Province Dealing with the lower member within the local Maokou Formation, for limestone with silicalite bands Early Permian.

Yohlu Formation ( 8) Yohlu Series, Yohlushan Sandstone Tien C C, 1928, Rep. Geol. Surv. Hunan, (2), Geology, fasc.1, 1-14 Yuelushan, 3 km west of Changsha City, Hunan Province For grayish white, brownish yellow quartzose sandstone with interbeds of shale Late Devonian Synonym: Yohlushan Sandstone.

Yohlushan Sandstone See Yohlu Formation. Yonganchang Basalt () Wang Jianzhong, Wang Yushuo, 1984, Chronological study of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jilin, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(1): 30-37 Yonganchang between Huinan County and Jingyu County, Jilin Province For basalt Oligocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yongancun Formation () No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jiayin County Sheet Yongancun in Jiayin County, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of grayish green, yellowish green siltstone, sandstone and grayish yellow mudstone Late Cretaceous.

Yongbo Group () Wei Zhensheng, Tan Yuyan, 1983, Outline of Stratigraphy of Tibet, Contribution

to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yongbo in Tibet Autonomous Region Late Triassic. Yongchong Formation () Yongchong Sandstone and Shale beds Wang H C, Lee T M, Chao S T, 1943, Temporary Report of Department of Mineral Resources Survey, Commission on Natural Resources, (32): 1-20 Yongchong close to Dashunlong, 45 km north of Guiyang County, Hunan Province For shales with interbeds of thin-bedded sandstone Early Carboniferous.

Yongde Formation () Lan Chaohua, Sun Cheng, Fan Jiancai, Fang Runsen, 1983, Carboniferous and

Permian of Zhenkang and Luxi Districts, Western Yunnan, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 79-92 Yongde County, Yunnan Province For yellow siltstone, mudstone, rudite and shale Late Permian. Yongdingzhuang Formation () Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yongdingzhuang close to Huayansi, Kouquan Town, Datong City, Shanxi Province For grayish white, grayish yellow gravel-bearing sandstone, rudite with interbeds of siltstone; purple, yellow, gray, green and parti-coloured siltstone, silty mudstone, with interbeds of sandstone and rudite Early Jurassic. Yongfuqiao Formation () Kang Baoxiang, Zhang Shufan, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaojiahe Sheet, Raohe Sheet Yongfuqiao in Raohe City, Heilongjiang Province For alternating beds of grayish green, yellowish green sandstone, sandy slate and porphyry Early Jurassic.

Yonghe Formation () Yonghe Coal Series Zhao Zongpu, 1959, Geological Monthly, (4): 23 Yonghe coal field, Yongde County, Hebei Province For coal-bearing strata Early Jurassic Homonym: Yonghe Member.

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Yonghe Member () Wu Tieshan, Xiao Suzhen, Wang Shouyi, 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Yonghe County, Shanxi Province Dealing with a component member within the upper part of the Yenchang Formation, for yellowish green, grayish green, gray and red sandstone with interbeds of sandy shale, shale and mudstone Late Triassic Homonymous with Yonghe Formation. Yongji Formation () Zhang Yongyi, Lan Xiu, Yang Hengren, 2000, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979-1999), Hefei: China University of Science and Technology Press, 363, table 18-3 Yongji County, Jilin Province Eocene. Yongjia Formation () Sun Dongli, Sha Jingeng, He Guoxiong, 2000, in Nanjing Institute of Geology

and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979-1999), Hefei: China University of Science and Technology Press, 286, 292 Yongjia in Gamba-Dingri Area, Tibet Autonomous Region Early-Mid Jurassic. Yongkang Group () Ju Tianyin, Chen Qishi, 1989, Oil Geology of Zhejiang, (2). First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Zhejiang Oil Geological Survey Team Yongkang County, Zhejiang Province For the sum of Guantou Formation, Chaochuan Formation, Fangyan Conglomerate, Keshan Formation and Xiaopingtian Formation Early Cretaceous. Yongle Formation (&) Jin Qinghuan, 1989, Geology and Oil and Gas Resources of South China Sea, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yongle in Yongxing Island Hill, Xiasha Islands, South China Sea For dolomitic bio-reef rocks Miocene.

Yongledian Group (& ) Hou Youtang et al., 1982, Subdivisions and Correlation of the Cenozoic Strata in China, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ed., 1982, Stratigraphic Correlation Chart in China with Explanatory Text, Beijing: Science Press, chart 17. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.3 Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Yongledian in Weihe Basin, Shaanxi Province Pleistocene A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Yonglong Member ( ) Niu Jinrong et al., 1975, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Guangxi, 4-13 Yonglong close to Miaohuang, Xiangzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For the component member within the base of the Szupai Formation Mid Devonian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yongningzhen Formation () Zhao Jinke, Chen Chuzhen, Liang Xiluo, 1962, The Triassic of China, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Wang Yu, Chen Chuzhen & Lu Linhuang Yongningzhen, Guanling County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of light gray muddy limestone or limestone, grayish green, yellowish green sandy shale, and dark gray myrmekitic banded muddy limestone Early Triassic.

Yongping Group ( ) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaguan Sheet Yongping County, Yunnan Province Included the Huakaizuo Formation and others Jurassic Homonymous with Yungping Member. Yongqincuo Group ( ) Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Ti-

bet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 183 Yongqincuo in Qiangtang Area, northern Tibet Autonomous Region For limestone and clastic rocks Mid Jurassic. Yongqing Formation ( ) Sui Liangcheng, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xunke County, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xiaguan Sheet, Changjiatun Sheet, Xinxing Sheet, Furao Sheet, Baihua Sheet Yongqing in Yichun City. Heilongjiang Province For yellowish brown, grayish white andesitic tuff breccia, tuffite, tuffaceous sandstone, black tuffaceous mudstone and quartzose sandstone Early Cretaceous. Yongren Formation (A) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet Yongren in Zhongzan County, Sichuan Province For crystalline limestone, marble, dolomite and parti-coloured marls with interbeds of reef limestone Late Silurian. Yongshan Speleothem (

) Yongshandong Accumulations Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 332. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Yongshan in Leping County, Jiangxi Province For speleothem Pleistocene. Yongxing Formation () Wang Chongyou, He Xixian, Yuan Songyu, 1979, Experimental Geology of Petroleum, (1): 23-38 Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands, South China Sea, Hainan

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Province For grayish white marls, algal limestone and oncolitic limestone Pleistocene. Yongxingchang Formation () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 321, chart 72. First appeared in the 1953, 1954 manuscripts by Zhang Gangwei & Ma Weixiang Yongxingchang between Yibin County and Ziliujing, Sichuan Province For brownish red clay Late Jurassic. Yongzhe Conglomerate (*) Wu Haoruo, Wang Dongan, Wang Liancheng, 1977, The Cretaceous of LazeJiangze district, southern Tibet, Scientia Geologica Sinica, (3): 262-273. First appeared in a manuscript by Geological Group of Tibet Expedition of Sciences, Academia Sinica (1960-1961) Yongzhe village at the west bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet Autonomous Region For conglomerate Late Cretaceous. Yongzhu Formation () Tibet Integrated Geological Survey Team, 1980, Geological Review, 26(2): 162. First appeared in a manuscript by Xia Daixiang Yongzhu, 12 km east of Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For quartzose sandstone, shale with interbeds of limestone or calcareous sandstone Early Carboniferous. You’ermeinake Formation () Gao Zhenjia, Wu Shaozu, et al., 1981, Chinese Science Bulletin, (12) You’ermeinake in Akesu Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For a series of purplish red diamictite, sandstone and green silty slate Sinian.

Youfang Formation ( ) Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guangyuan Sheet Youfang close to Chenjiaba, Chaotian, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province For gray metamorphic sandstone, quartzose sandstone and siltstone Early Cambrian.

Youfangzhuang Member ( ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Henan Oil Geology Team Youfangzhuang close to Chengliu, Jiyuan County, Henan Province For alternating beds of yellowish green sandstone, purple fine-grained sandstone, and clay Mid Triassic. Youganwo Formation ( * ) Youchinwo Shale Chen K T, Huang K H, 1949, Temporary Report Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (34). Revised as Youganwo Formation by Zhou Mingzhen, 1956 Youganwo, 30 km south of Maoming County, Guangdong Province For coffee oil shales Eocene.

1348

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Youhe Formation () Xue Xiangxi, 1982, Youhe Formation, a new stratigraphic unit between the Sanmen Formation and the Lantian Formation of Youhe, Weinan, Shaanxi, in Proceedings of the Third National Quaternary Sciences Conference, Beijing: Science Press, 20-22 Youhe in Weinan County, Shaanxi Province For the part of Youhe yellowish brown fauna-bearing loess within the base of the local original Sanmen Formation Pleistocene Youhe Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Youjiang Group ( ) Tang Yingjun, You Yuzhu, Xu Qinqi, 1974, The Lower Tartiary of the Baize and Yungle Basins, Kwangsi, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 12(4): 279-290 Youjiang River, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Neogene A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Youjiayuan Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 25 First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Yan Lianquan Youjiayuan in Shaanxi Province For siliceous limestone with flint bands and nodule Sinian. Youjiazhuang Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fuping Sheet Youjiazhuang in Fuping County, Hebei Province For a component formation within the local Wutai Group Archean. Youlan Formation See Yilan Formation. Youmenka Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Youmenka in Tibet Autonomous Region Paleocene.

Youping Formation ( ) Lei Yizhen, Guan Shaozeng, Zhang Qingru, Sun Heying, 1987, Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorges Area (5), Cretaceous-Tertiary Period, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Youping in Fangxian County, Hubei Province For alternating beds of brown conglomerate with interbeds of rudite lenticle, brownish red conglomerate, and silty mudstone, with interbeds of yellowish brown fine-grained sandstone and coffee mudstone and grayish green rudite Eocene. Yousheng Formation (!) Li Hanming, 1995, Cretaceous lithostratigraphic classification of Guangdong, Guangdong Geology, 10(1): 66 Yousheng in Heping County, Guangdong Province

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For rhyolitic tuffite, rhyolite, quartzose andesitic lava and basalt Late Creta-

ceous. Yousuobao Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Hebei Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Hebei Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yousuobao, Huaian County, Hebei Province Dealing with the component formation within the lower part of the Jining Group, for leptynite and gneiss Archean. Youxi Formation (" ) Youxi Group Yong Yongyuan et al., 1990, On the metamorphic rocks of north-

ern Lancang River, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (20), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.1 Tibet Geology Team Youxi in Leiwuqi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the schist and rudite within the upper part of the Jitang Group Pre Carboniferous. Youxiugou Formation (!) Liang Dingyi, 1991, in Guo Tieying, Liang Dingyi, et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Youxiugou in Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For massive limestone with interbeds of muddy

limestone; gray, dark gray, purplish gray limestone, muddy limestone and shell limestone Mid Jurassic. Youyiqiao Formation (#:) Dalaimaqiao Formation Ying Szu-huai, 1973, Magmatic, metamorphic and migmatic rocks of the Mount Qomolungma Region in southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1973(2): 103-129 Youyiqiao on the boundary between China and Nepal, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the component formation within the lower of the Jolmo Lungma Group, for kyanite schist with interbeds of gneiss Precambrian Synonym: Dalaimaqiao Formation. Youzhaling Formation ( +) Qi Dunlun, Du Senguan, 1984, The Ordovician of the Susong Region, Anhui, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(2): 144-148 Youzhaling close to Longshan, Susong County, Anhui Province For trilobita and graptolithina fossils-bearing sandy shale Early Ordovician Youzhaling Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Yuan’an Formation () Yuanan Series Hsu T Y, 1938, Geological Review, 3(2): 108-109 Yuan’an County, Hubei Province For purple shales Late Triassic.

Yuanbaoshan Formation () Zhong Rui, Hao Yongxiang, 1990, Sinian-Permian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Tarim Basin, Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press Yuanbaoshan close to

1350

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Queerqueke, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For clastic rocks Late Ordovician. Yuanbaoshan Formation () Gansu Dynamic Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Liutuoshan Sheet Yuanbaoshan in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For yellowish green, grayish green siltstone, greywacke with interbeds of grayish black shale and silty shale Early Sil-

urian. Yuanchu Formation (,) Yuanchu Series Andersson J G, 1923, Essay on the Cenozoic of North China, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (3) Yuanqu (Yuanchu) County, Shanxi Province For grayish purple shale, white mudstone, with interbeds of gray sandstone, with

gypsum and shale in the upper; alternating beds of yellow sandstone and purple shale in the lower part, locally with interbeds of white marls, parti-coloured clay (green, gray, brown et al.), with thick-bedded conglomerate in the base Eocene. Yuanfeng Member () Chang B T, Lee C S, 1984, Industrial Technology, (115): 28-43 Yuanfeng close to Wenquan of Lushan, Nantou County, Taiwan Province For the middle member of the Lushan Formation Miocene.

Yuanganziba Formation (+) Yuanganzi Formation Zhu Weiyuan, 1988, Gansu Geology, (9): 16-28 Yuanganziba in northern West Qinling Mount, Gansu Province Late Devonian.

Yuanhe Formation () Huo Fucheng, Zheng Zhaochang, 1988, Geological Review, 34(1) Yuanhe vil-

lage in Wobaogou of Huashan, west of Haiyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For marble with interbeds of schist Mesoproterozoic. Yuanhuling Formation ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of

Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 42. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Zhu Shengqing Yuanhuling in Jiangxi Province Late Cambrian Yuanhuling Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Yuanji Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geomechanics Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guangyuan Sheet Yuanji in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province Devonian(?).

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Yuanjiacun Formation (-) Yuanjiacun Iron-bearing Formation Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 20. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Shen Qihan Yuanjiacun in Lan County, Shanxi Province For schist, quartzite, poor magnetite quartz, with interbeds of volcanic rocks Proterozoic.

Yuanjiagou Formation (-) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangxian Sheet Yuanjiagou of Chahe, west of Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province For flint limestone, thin-bedded limestone with interbeds of slate or carbonaceous slate Carboniferous. Yuankeng Formation (- ) Yuankeng Series Hsu K C, Ting I, 1943, Geology and Tungsten deposits of southern Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (17) Yuankeng, 20 km northwest of Shangyou County, Jiangxi Province Early-Mid Devonian.

Yuankou Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 103. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Yu Risheng Yuankou in Jiangyong County, Hunan Province For purplish red rudite, siltstone, muddy siltstone, with interbeds of sandstone and plant fossils Early-Mid Devonian Synonymous with Lienhuashan Formation. Yuanling Formation () Gu Zhiwei, 1962, The Jurassic and Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 56 Yuanling in Guangdong Province Jurassic. Yuanmo Formation (>) Yuanmo Beds Bien M N, 1940, Geology of the Yuanmo Basin, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 20(1): 23-32 Yuanmo Basin in Yunnan Province For alternating beds of brown sandstone and sandy clay, containing a subdivision Shagou Formation Pliocene-Pleistocene The subdivision “Shagou Formation” within the Yuanmo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning (Pliocene). Yu’anshan Member ( ) Luo Huilin, Jiang Zhiwen, Tang Liangdong, 1994, Stratotype Section for Lower Cambrian Stages of China, Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press, 1154 Yu’anshan in Yunnan Province For the upper part of the Chiungchuszu Formation in Heilinpu Early Cambrian.

1352

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yuantoushan Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.18], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 52. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Yu Zhixin Yuantoushan in Wenxi County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the top formation within the Jiangxian Group, for metamorphic siltstone, quartzose sandstone and schist Archean. Yuantoushan Gneiss () Ten T P, 1954, The gneisses of Taiwan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, (5) Yuantoushan in Ilan County, Taiwan Province Mesozoic.

Yuantungtze Formation (.) Yuantungtze Sandstone, geographic name Yuantungtze was Romanized as Intosi by the Japanese (LSI) Ito T, 1943, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, 50(549) Yuantungtze Town in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province For alternating beds of sandstone and shale Pliocene-Pleistocene.

Yuanxi Formation () Sun Cunli, 1988, Early Triassic Strata of Jiangxi, Journal of Stratigraphy, 12(1): 39-47 Yuanxi in Huangsha Township, Shangrao County, Jiangxi Province For

yellowish brown, pink, gray, grayish green, parti-coloured mudstone, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone, occasionally with interbeds of limestone lenticle Early Triassic. Yuanyangyan Formation (/) Jin Chuntai, Ye Shaohua, He Yuanxiang, et al., 1989, Silurian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Erlanshan Area, Sichuan, Bulletin of Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (11) Yuanyangyan located at the side of highway from Xingou to Luding, eastern Erlangshan Mountain, Sichuan Province For dark gray, black thin-bedded silicalite with interbeds of siltstone, sandstone and shale Early Silurian.

Yuanzaoshan Group ($) Lei Zexiu, Zhao Xiangsheng, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Yumen Sheet Yuanzaoshan in Subei Mongol Autonomous County, Gansu Province For stromatolites dolomite, marble with interbeds of clastic rocks Neoporoterozoic.

Yuanzhuishan Formation () No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongshishan Sheet Yuanzhuishan in Gansu Province Mid Devonian.

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Yuanziping Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Bulletin of Hebei College of Geology, (3) Yuanziping in Xingxian County, Hebei Province Dealing with the component formation within the Jiehekou Group, for amphibolites with interbeds of schist Archean.

Yuanziwan Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yicheng Sheet Yuanziwan in Hubei Province Neoprote-

rozoic. Yubeigou Formation ($) Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Dexin, Li Xingyun

ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (21), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Liaoning Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 44. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Liaoning Institute of Geology Yubeigou in Tieling County, Liaoning Province For white quartzite with interbeds of muddy slate Neoproterozoic. Yuchi Limestone ( ) Yuhsi Limestone Misch P, 1942, Contrib. Coll. Sci. Nat. Univ. Peking, (4) Yuxi (Yuchi) County, Yunnan Province For limestone Presinian.

Yuchiang Formation ( ) Chao C K, 1947, Stratigraphical development in Kwangsi, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 27(4): 321-346 Yujiang (Yuchiang) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For marls with interbeds of limestone Early Devonian.

Yuchiba Formation () Cao Xuanduo, Hu Yunxu, Zhao Hongtian, et al., 1994, Bulletin of Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (27). First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Western Qinling Geology Team of Gansu Integrative Geology Team Yuchiba in Lixian County, Gansu Province For grayish green sandy slate and limestone Mid Devonian.

Yuchibaozi Formation () Zhu Weiyuan, 1988, Gansu Geology, (9): 16-28 Yuchibaozi in Gansu Province Early-Mid Devonian.

Yuchien Member ($) Yuchien Series Hsu Singwu C., 1937, The Upper Ordovician & Lower Silurian in western Chekiang, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 17(1): 83-108 Yunqian (Yuchien) County, Zhejiang Province For yellowish gray, brownish green shale, siltstone and sandstone Early Silurian.

1354

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yuchuan Formation ( ) Yuchuan Limestone Yu C C, Chang W T, 1951, Chinese Science Bulletin, 2(6) Yuquan (Yuchuan) Station in Acheng County, Heilongjiang Province For black muddy slate with interbeds of white shale, grayish white marble and sandstone Carboniferous-Permian Homonym: Yuquan Formation. Yuchuanshan Formation ( ) Yuchuanshan Series Young C C, Bien M N, 1937, Cenozoic geology of the Kaolan-Yungdeng area of Central Kansu, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 16(3/4): 221-260 Yuquanshan (Yuchuanshan), south of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province MiocenePliocene. Yudi Member () Wu Tieshan, Xiao Suzhen, Wang Shouyi, 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification

of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Yudi in Shilou County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the component member within the Yenchang Formation, for grayish green, grayish yellow and pink sandstone, with interbeds of purple mudstone and shales Mid Triassic. Yudong Member ( ) Duan Lihua, 1985, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (17), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 255-276 Yudong in Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For a component member within the local Xiangshan Formation Early Carboniferous. Yudongzi Complex ( ) Yudongzi Group Qin Keling, Zou Xianghua, He Shiping, Song Shuguang, 1990, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinling-Dabashan, (1), Metamorphic Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science and Technology Press Yudongzi, 15 km east of Lveyang County, Shaanxi Province For amphibolites migmatite, migmatic amphibolites and leucogranulites, with interbeds of chlorite schist, quartzite and ironbearing limestone Archean-Proterozoic. Yuduo Formation ( ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Yuduo in Tibet Autonomous Region Creta-

ceous. Yuefeijing Formation (%) Bai Yunshan, Peng Xiangping, 1999, Xinjiang Geology, 17(3) Yuefeijing in Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For dark grayish green schist with interbeds of volcanic breccia Mesoproterozoic. Yuegou Formation ( ) Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, 11 Yuegou in the northern slope of Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province For calcareous schist, conglomerate and

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bituminitic limestone Proterozoic. Yuehmenkou Group ( ) Yuehmenkou Coal Series Norin E, 1922, The Stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic

and Early Mesozoic Sediments of Central Shansi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (4): 7 Yuemengou (Yuehmenkou) in West Hills of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province For a series of coal-bearing strata, for the sum of Hutian Formation, Taiyuan Formation and Shansi Formation Late Carboniferous-Early Permian Synonymous with Taiyang Formation. Yuejiaping Formation ( ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yunxian County Sheet Yuejiaping in Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province For purplish red, light purple, purplish yellow thin-bedded dolomitic limestone, dolomite, calcareous siltstone, silty shale and marls Early-Mid Cambrian. Yuejiashan Member ( ) Yuejiashan Formation Lin Baoyu et al., 1984, Stratigraphy of China, Silurian, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Jiang Zonglong & Fang Runsen Yuejiashan, south of Qujing County, Yunnan Province For yellowish green, grayish green, shale, muddy siltstone, with interbeds of marl and thin-bedded sandstone, and with purplish red mudstone occasionally Late Silurian Yuejiashan Member is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Yueliangshan Formation ( 3) Li Songsheng, 1987, Hubei Geology, 1(1) Yueliangshan in Sichuan Province Sinian.

Yueliangwan Formation ( 3) He Shucheng, 1989, Acta Geologica Sichuan, 9(3) Yueliangwan in Sichuan Province Sinian.

Yueling Group ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Guangdong Regional Geological Survey Team Yueling close to Gewai Township, 3 km northeast of Jiangbian Township, Dongfang County, Hainan Province For blackish gray, purple and parti-coloured slate and phyllite Early-Mid Silurian. Yuelizhai Group ( ) No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuyong Sheet Yuelizhai in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province Early-Mid Devonian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yuelong Formation (0) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 232. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Zhu Lunjie Yuelong car station, Liuyang County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of quartzose sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Mid Jurassic Synonymous with Tsienfuyen Formation. Yuemuri Formation (0 ) Yang Zengrong, 1985, Silurian System of Southern Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 35-49 Yuemuri in Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region For the part of strata belongs to Early Silurian within the E’na Formation Early Silurian Yuemuri Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Yuen Long Formation () Li Zuoming, 1997, History of Geological Studies of Hong Kong, Guangdong Geology, 12(2): 1-4 Yuenlong close to Lo Wu, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Dealing with a series of underground strata, for gray dolomitic marble, dolomite, muddy limestone and calcareous mudstone Carboni-

ferous. Yu’ertusi Formation ( ) Qian Jianxin, Xiao Bing, 1984, The Cambriam small shelly fauna of AkesuWushi Area, Xinjiang, in Editorial Committee of Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1984, Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (13), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 65-90 Yu’ertusi range, 80 km southwest of Akesu, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For the part of small shelly fossils-bearing limestone within the lower part of original Xiaoerbulake Formation Early Cambrian Yu’ertusi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Yueshan Formation ( ) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Stratigraphy of Anhui Province, Triassic, Hefei: Anhui Science and Technology Press. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by No.326 Anhui Geology Team Yueshan in Huaining County, Anhui Province For the sum of limestone (today east Ma’anshan Formation) and dolomite Mid Triassic. Yuetan Formation ( ) No.326 Anhui Geology Team, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qimen, Tunxi Sheet Yuetan in Xiuning County, Anhui Province For grayish white siltstone with interbeds of phyllitic silty mudstone, carbonaceous shale and coal seams Early Jurassic.

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Yueyahu Formation (  ) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Yueyahu in Duoma area, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray, grayish black limestone and marls, with interbeds of calcareous shale and siltstone Carboniferous.

Yueyashan Formation ( ) Li Wenguo, 1991, in Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 75 Yueyashan in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For dark gray edgewise conglomerate with oolitic limestone, muddy rocks, with silicalite and finegrained conglomerate Mid Cambrian. Yuezhuang Formation ( ) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Henan Petroleum Geology Team Yuezhuang close to Yuzhuang, Zhicheng Township, Jiyuan County, Henan Province For alternating beds of red, brownish red and dark red sandy mudstone, mudstone, pink and purplish red quartzose sandstone Eocene Synonym: Yuzhuang Formation (2). Yufutun Formation () Lin Yindang, Wu Shizhong, Xu Shouyong, 1984, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, (2) Yufutun in Yantongshan Town, Panshi County, Jilin Province For metamorphic volcanic rocks with interbeds of marblized limestone and metamorphic sandstone Early Carboniferous. Yugong Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Deqin Sheet Yugong in Yunnan Province Early Permian Yugong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Yuguangpo Member () Yuguangpo Formation No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1976,

Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Maowen, Guanxian County Sheet Yuguangpo in Sichuan Province For the component member within the middle part of the Mingshan Formation Paleocene. Yuhong Formation (&) Zeng Qingluan et al., 1992, Research on the basic geology of Sanya Area, Hainan Island, Wuhan: China University Geosciences Press. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by He Yangzhi & Mu Daokun Yuhong village, close to Tiandu, Sanya

1358

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

City, Hainan Province For alternating beds of quartz siltstone and silty shale, conglomerate and sandstone Mid Ordovician. Yuhsi Limestone See Yuchi Limestone. Yuhsiensze Formation (%) Yuhsiensze Series, Yuhsienssu Series Chao Y T, 1929, Geological notes in Szechuan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 8(2):140 Yuxiansi (Yuhsiensze or Yuhsienssu) in Emeishan, Sichuan Province It is divided into two parts: lower part, gray-

ish green or gray shale and sandstone; upper part, grayish yellow sandstone and thin-bedded limestone, with red sandstone and oolitic limestone in the top Early Cambrian. Yuhuangding Formation ( ) Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map Neixiang Area. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Henan Petroleum Geology Team Yuhuangding in Junxian County (today Danjiang City), Hubei Province For alternating beds of light red marls and purplish red mudstone Paleocene. Yuhuangshan Formation ( ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangzhou Sheet Yuhuangshan in Shaanxi Province For the Kutaoling Limestone developed in Shanyin County Devonian Synonymous with Kutailing Limestone; Homonym: Yuhuangshan Member. Yuhuangshan Member ( ) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wendeng, Weihai, Haiyang, Chaoli Sheet Yuhuangshan in Shandong Province For the upper part of the Changhsia Limestone Mid Cambrian Homonymous with Yuhuangshan Formation.

Yuhuatai Formation ( ) Liu C C, Chao J C, 1924, Preliminary Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Kiangsu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (4) Yuhuatai in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For gravel beds Eocene Synonym: Fangshan Gravel Beds. Yuhutsun Formation () Yuhutsun Cherty Quartzite Wang Y L, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1/2): 78.

First appeared in a manuscript by Wang C C & Huo S C, Wang et al.’s paper was published in 1945 (Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (36)) Yuhucun (Yuhutsun) in Dongshan, Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province For cherty quartzite Sinian. Yujiabei Formation i.e. Yujiabeigou Formation.

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Yujiabeigou Formation ($) Yujiabei Formation (Liu Lujun, Wang Jun, Zhao Xiuhu, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (1979-1999), table 10-1) Gu Feng, Huang Benhong, Liang Zhongfa, 1983, Recent Reorganization of Permian Stratigraphy in Xianghuang Banner-Chifeng Area, Inner Mongolia, in Proceedings of Papers of Plate Tectonic of North China, (1) Yujiabeigou in Guangxingyuan Township, Keshiketeng Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish green, yellowish green tuffaceous sandstone, rudite, conglomerate, siltstone with interbeds of volcanic clastic rocks Early-Mid Permian.

Yujiachong Formation () Hubei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Suixian County Sheet Yujiachong close to Songhe, Jingshan County, Hubei Province For black phosphate-, vanadate- and uranium-bearing

silicalite, clayey shales; grayish white muddy siltstone, siliceous and muddy shale and phyllite Early Cambrian. Yujiagou Formation () No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1975, Features of bedded ultraba-

sic rocks in Fanjingshan Region of Guizhou Province and a preliminary discussion of their origin, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1975(4): 351-364 Yujiagou in Fanjingshan Area, Guizhou Province Dealing with the component formation within the lower part of Fanjingshan Group, for bedded basic-ultrabasic rocks and metamorphic sedimentary rocks, with interbeds of lenticular metamorphic conglomerate Palaeoproterozoic. Yujialing Formation ($) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ganyu Sheet Yujialing in Juxian County, Shandong Province Dealing with the component formation within the Jiaonan Group, for schist with interbeds of leptynite, leucogranulite, quartzite and marble Palaeoproterozoic.

Yujiashan Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 25. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Bai Jin Yujiashan in Zhongtiaoshan Area, southeastern Shanxi Province For grayish white, bluish gray thick-bedded massive marble with interbeds of red marble Proterozoic. Yukkengol Formation (&) Norin E, 1 937, Geology of Western Quruq Tagh, Eastern T’ienshan. Reports from the Scientific Expedition to the Northwestern Provinces of China under Leadership of Dr. Sven Hadin the Sino-Swedish Expedition-III, Geology, (1), Stockholm Yukengou (Yukkengol), southern side of west end of Kuruktag Mountain,

1360

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For green slate with interbeds of limestone and quartzite Sinian. Yuku Formation () Compiling Group for Henan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China: Henan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by No.3 Henan Geology Team Yuku valley in Luanxian County, Henan Province For marble with interbeds of quartzite and schist Sinian. Yulangbaijia Group ( ) Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, et al., 1983, Research on Regional Geology of Yang-

zhuoyong cuo of Southern Tibet, Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yulangbaijia in Langkazi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish yellow, gray, bluish gray, grayish green sandstone, shale with interbeds of rudite, siliceous limestone, limestone, andesite and marls Early Cretaceous. Yulanping Shale ( ) Liu Zhiyuan, 1951, Tectonic Geology of Western Hubei, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 31(1/4): 1-8 Yulanping in southwestern Hubei Province For yellowish gray, grayish green shale with interbeds of yellow thin-bedded limestone Early Triassic.

Yuli Group ( ) Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yuli, 60 km east of Keliyang, Shache County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cretaceous. Yuli Member () Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Lei Yizhen Yuli in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the component member within the local Hedi Formation, for alternating beds of brownish red, lateritic red conglomerate, rudite and sandstone Eocene. Yuliangcun Member () Zhang Zengqi, Zhang Shufang, Song Zhiyong, Chi Shouxiang, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Yuliangcun in Liguan Township, Linyi City, Shandong Province Dealing with the component member within the middle part of the

Chushatung Formation, for purple sandy shale, shale with interbeds of calcareous siltstone, yellowish green shale and thin-bedded limestone Early Cambrian. Yuliangzi Formation (3) Ma Wanchang et al., 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jiayin Sheet Yuliangzi, west of Chaoyang Town, Jiayin County, Heilongjiang

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Province For grayish green, yellow rudite, gravel-bearing sandstone and siltstone Late Cretaceous. Yulin Formation () Teilhard de Chardin P, Young C C, 1930, Some correlation between the Geology

of China Proper and the geology of Mongolia, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 9(2): 119126; Teilhard de Chardin P, Young C C, 1930, Preliminary Observation in Western Shansi and Northern Shensi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (8) Yulin County, Shanxi Province For grayish yellow, pink sandy clay with interbeds of calcareous nodule, similar to loess Pleistocene. Yuling Formation () Beijing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Beijing Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.27], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 218-222 Yuling (i.e. 14th locality), Zhoukoudian area, Fangshan County, Beijing Municipality For fluvial lacustrine facies finegrained conglomerate, siltstone beds and clay above the local Machiakou Limestone Pliocene. Yulingang Formation () Mu Enzhi, 1948, Geological Review, vol.13, 158 Yulin Harbour, Hainan Province For white siliceous marble and phyllite Yulinshan Formation (9) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Yulinshan in Chashi Township, 188 km northwest of Gerze County, Tibet Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks and volcanic clastic rocks Pliocene-Pleistocene. Yulinyao Formation () Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 95 Yulinyao in Qilianshan Gansu Province For grayish yellow gravel Pleistocene. Yuliucun Formation ()) Yuluocun Formation Misch P, 1947, Red beds and marine Triassic of Yunnan, Science Record of Academia Sinian, 2(1) Yuliucun (or Yuluocun) in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, northwestern Yunnan Province For gray, grayish black muddy limestone with interbeds of siltstone and shale Mid Triassic. Yulongtan Formation ( ) Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 183. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Hubei Institute of Regional Geological Survey Yulongtan in Nanzhang County, Hubei

1362

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Province For quartzose sandstone, siltstone and carbonaceous shale, with interbeds of rudite and coal seams Late Triassic. Yulongting Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yulongting in Shennongjia Forestry Area, Hubei Province For the component formation within the Wuziping Group Proterozoic. Yulungshan Limestone ( ) Huang T K, 1932, The Permian Formation of Southern China, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (10): 106-107 Yulongshan (Yulungshan), 3 km northwest of Dading County, Guizhou Province For light gray to bluish limestone, dolomitic and muddy partly, and with shales in the upper part Early Triassic. Yulungssu Formation ( ) Yulungssu Group Ting V K, Wang Y L, 1937, Cambrian and Silurian Formations of Malung & Chutsing Districts, Yunnan, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 16(1): 1-28 Yulongsi (Yulungssu) close to Miaojiaoshan, 15 km southwest of Qujing County, Yunnan Province For grayish green, dark gray, bluish gray mudstone, dolomitic limestone and siltstone Late Silurian. Yuluocun Formation i.e. Yuliucun Formation. Yumen Formation () Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 31. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by No.106 Sichuan Geology Team Yumen in Yanbian County, Sichuan Province Dealing with the component formation within the Yanbian Group, for dark gray, black carbonaceous siliceous slate with interbeds of sandy slate and lenticular metamorphic limestone Mesoproterozoic. Yumen Formation ( ) Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Qinghai Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.24], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 229 Yumen City, Gansu Province For the sum of Tuolai Diamictite (Lower) and Yumen Gravel Beds (Upper) Pleistocene Homonymous with Yumen Gravel Beds. Yumen Gravel Beds ( ) Sun C C, 1942, Geological Review, 7(1/3): 23 Yumen City, Gansu Province For gravel beds Tertiary Homonym: Yumen Formation.

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Yumushan Conglomerate (?) Wang H C, Hsu J L, 1951, Bull. Geol. Central-South China, (3): 99 Yumushan in Liling County, Hunan Province For conglomerate Triassic. Yuncailing Formation (() Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 135. First appeared in a 1990 manuscript by Wu Hongfei Yuncailing in Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province For purplish red, lateritic red iron-bearing sandstone and gravel-bearing sandstone Neoproterozoic. Yunchangli Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 27. First appeared in a 1995 manuscript by Tang Xiaoshan Yunchangli in Hunan Province Neoproterozoic. Yundanggang Formation (,-) Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985, Regional Geology of Fujian Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.4], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 172. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Wang Shaohong Yundanggang in Xiamen City, Fujian Province For marine deposits beds Holocene Synonymous with Houzhu Formation. Yundukala Formation (1 ) Wang Ruhong, 1971, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qiakuer Sheet Yundukala in Fuyun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For silty mudstone, silicalite, calcareous sandstone, fine-grained sandstone and limestone Mid Devonian. Yungaishan Member () Yang Guanxiu, 1985, Earth Science, (special), (10) Yungaishan in Yuxian County, Henan Province For the grayish green mudstone within the middle part of the local Shihhotse Formation Late Permian. Yungchang Formation (“ ” ) Lee J S, 1939, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., 500 Yongchang (Yungchang) in Shidian County, western Yunnan Province For gray to grayish green limestone Mid Ordovician. Yungfu Formation () Yungfu Series Lee J S, Chao K K, Chang W Y, 1941, Stratigraphic Tables of Kwangsi, Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica Yongfu (Yungfu) County,

1364

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

northeast Guangxi Province For purplish red conglomerate, siltstone, fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of mudstone Cretaceous. Yunghsien limestone See Junghsien Limestone. Yunghsin Formation ( ) Yunghsin Series, Yunghsin Group (Lee J S, 1939, 462) Wang C C, 1920, On

the Geology & Coal Resources of the District of Chi-an, An-fu and Yung Hsin in Kiangsi Province, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (2) Yongxin (Yunghsin) County, Jiangxi Province For red shale and sandstone Pre-Carboniferous. Yungning Group () Yungning Series Chu T H, 1927-1928, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, vol.I, 13 Yongning County (Nanning City), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For conglomerate, breccia interbedded with red sandstone in

the lower part, and violet sandstone in the upper part. Black shales, lignites and natural characterized coal are present either in the form of regular seams or irregular accumulations Oligocene Yungning Sandstone () Yungning Sandstein Richthofen F von, 1882, China, bd. II Yongning (Yungning) between Fuxian County and Liguancun village, Liaoning Province For the

coarse-grained sandstone, grit or graywacke, which are cross-bedded in intricate forms, prevailingly red or maroon in color, with variations toward dull brown and yellowish tints Early Cambrian. Yungping Member ( ) Yungping Series Wang C C, Pan C H, 1933, On the Oil Geology of North Shensi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (20) Yongping (Yungping), Shaanxi Province Homonym: Yongping Group.

Yungting Formation () Yungting Series Onuki Y, 1952, Geology and Mineral Resources of East Asia, vol. 3, North China, Sedimentary Mineral Resources For coal series Carboniferous Synonymous with Yangchiatun Formation.

Yunjiashan Group () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology

of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 229. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Yunjiashan in Shaanxi Province Early Palaeozoic.

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Yunkai Group () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 10, 15. First appeared in a manuscript to replace the disputed Daganshan Group Yunkai Mountain in western Guangdong Province Dealing with the deep metamorphic rocks belong to Sinian Sinian Yunkai Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning; Synonymous with Daganshan Group. Yunkang Formation () Yunkang Series Morita H, 1944, Outline of Geological Survey of Mongolia, North China Bureau of Geological Survey Co. Yungang (Yunkang) in Datong City, Shanxi Province For purplish red, parti-coloured, gray and white sandstone and conglomerate Mid Jurassic. Yunlian Formation ( ) Li Zhengji, Zhu Jianan, Hu Yufan, 1982, On the division and correlation of Late

Permian coal-bearing strata of Yunlian Area, Journal of Stratigraphy, 6(3): 174-182 Yunlian in Sichuan Province Late Permian Yunlian Formation is the form of

lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Yunlin Formation () Yunlin Beds Ji W J, 1983, Petroleum, (Quarterly), 19(4): 2-26 Yunlin County, Taiwan Province For grayish white sandstone, fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, shale, limestone, conglomerate and basalt Early Cretaceous. Yunlong Formation () Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dali Sheet Yunlong County, Yunnan Province For brown-

ish red, purplish red calcareous mudstone with interbeds of siltstone and fine-grained sandstone Paleocene Yunlong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Yunlugong Formation (8 ) Tan Bixiang, Wang Genxian, 1983, Geological Review, 29(6): 553-562 Yunlugong in Hunan Province For the sandstone within the lower part of the Yohlushan Sandstone Late Devonian. Yunmengshan Formation (0) Yunmengshan Beds Yan Lianquan, Hang Yingshan, 1952, Report of Geology and Mineral Resources of Western Henan, Kaifeng Department of Geological Survey of Central-South China Yunmengshan in Ruyang County (old Yiyang County), Henan Province Dealing with a subdivision formation within the Yunmengshan Group, for light purple, dark gray quartzose sandstone with interbeds of a few purplish red shales Mesoproterozoic Homonym: Yunmengshan Group.

1366

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yunmengshan Group (0) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ruyang Sheet Yunmengshan in Ruyang County (old Yiyang County), Henan Province For the sum of Ziluoshan Conglomerate Beds (conglomerate with interbeds of iron-mining), Yunmengshan Beds (quartzite with interbeds of shales) and Lianxisi Beds (quartzite with interbeds of shales) Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Yunmengshan Formation. Yunnanyi Formation () Yunnanyi Beds Hsieh C Y, 1942, Temporary Report of Southwestern Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey, (19) Yunnanyi in Xiangyun County, Yunnan Province For shales with interbeds of limestone Late Triassic. Yunruijie Formation (+) Yunruijie Member Duan Lilan, 1973, Early Carboniferous Coral Fossils of Baoshan and Shidian Area, Yunnan, in Contribution to the Geology of the QinghaiTibet Plateau, (17), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 255-276 Yunruijie in Baoshan County, Yunnan Province For the upper member within the Pumenqian Formation Carboniferous. Yunshan Formation (1) ( 1) Zhou Dianchao, Zhu Zhenggang, 1978, Introduction to Devonian System of Jiangxi, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 184-188. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Liu Yaguang Yunshan close to Xiashan, Yudu County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with the lower part of the original Xiashan Sandstone, for grayish white quartzose sandstone, rudite and quartzite, with interbeds of grayish green siltstone and shale Mid Devonian Yunshan Formation (1) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning originally. It was revised as the lithostratigraphic unit by Liu Yaguang in 1993 (Regional Geology of China, no.4 (serial no.47), 328-334); Homonymous with Yunshan Sandstone. Yunshan Formation (2) ( 2) Heilongjiang Research Team of Mesozoic Coal-bearing Strata, 1986, Research

on the Longzhaogou Group and Its Correlation with the Jixi Group of Eastern Heilongjiang Province, Harbin: Heilongjiang Science and Technology Press Yunshan in Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province For thick-bedded fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of banded siltstone Late Jurassic Homonymous with Yunshan Sandstone. Yunshan Sandstone () Yih L F, Liu C C, 1919, The coal field of Yu Hsien, Yang Yuan and Kwangling, Chihli, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (1) Yunshan, 2.5 km southwest of Shimenzhai, Linyu County, Hebei Province For sandstone Carboniferous Homonym: Yunshan Formation (1), (2).

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Yunshih Formation () Chiang Y, 1934, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, (5), fasc.1, 6 Yunshi (Yunshih) in Yunfu County, Guangdong Province Proterozoic. Yunshui Formation () Geographic name Yunshui was Romanized as Unsui by the Japanese (LSI) Rokaku H, 1931, Report on the Geology of the Chiayi Oil-field, Tainan Yunshui village in Chiayi County, Taiwan Province The formation is divided into two parts, the upper part with bluish sandy shale and the lower part with interbeds of sandstone and shale Pliocene. Yunshuichi Formation () Stach L W, 1956, Stratigraphic Subdivision and correlation of the Upper Ceno-

zoic sequence in the foothills region east of Chiayi and Hsinying, The Symposium on Petroleum Geology of Taiwan Yunshuichi close to Yunshui village, Chiayi County, Taiwan Province It consists dominantly of shale and sandy shale with some fine-grained and muddy sandstone, close to the middle of the sequence Pliocene Synonymous with Yunshui Formation. Yuntai Formation () Liu C C, Chao J C, 1924, Preliminary Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Kiangsu, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (4): 5 Yuntai Hill in Guanyun County, Jiangsu Province For quartz schist and mica quartz schist Proterozoic. Yuntaikuan Quartzite (9) Yu C C, Shu W P, 1929, Mem. Nat. Res. Inst. Geol. Nanking, (8): 491 Yuntaiguan (Yuntaikuan) Hill, south of Dongqiao Town, Nanzhang County, Hubei Province For pink, grayish white quartzose sandstone Mid-Late Devonian. Yuntaissu Formation () Chu T H, 1927, Geological Notes in Yunnan, pt. II, 46 Yuntaisi (Yuntaissu) on the boundary hill between Yiliang County and Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province Permian(?). Yunwuling Formation (4) No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Qi Deyi), 1986, Explanatory

Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Yulongkashi-Kalamilan Rivers, Kunlun Mountain Yunwuling close to Huangyangling, Minfeng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish black, brownish black, gray with interbeds of purple calcareous quartzose sandstone, sandstone with interbeds of mudstone, muddy siltstone and limestone Late Triassic. Yunxi Group (2 ) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yunxi Sheet Yunxi County, Shaanxi Province Sinian.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yunzhen Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangzhou Sheet Yunzhen in Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province For the local Xinghongpu Formation Early Carboniferous. Yupingshan Formation ( ) Yupingshan Series Zhou Shengsheng, Jiang An, 1953, Acta Geologica Sinica, 33(2): 159 Yupingshan in Ling Township, southwest of Echeng County, Hubei Province For red or yellow shales with interbeds of tuffite and volcanic clastic rocks Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous.

Yupisi Formation () Wu Tieshan, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet Yupisi in Shanxi Province Archean. Yuqing Formation (&) Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 12 Yuqing in Linkou County, Heilongjiang Province For the sum of Yuqing Member and Shichang Member Archean Homonymous with Yuqing Member. Yuqing Member (&) No.1 Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of Heilongjiang, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jixi Sheet Yuqing in Linkou County, Heilongjiang Province Dealing with a member within the Yuqing Formation, for migmatite Archean Homonym: Yuqing Formation. Yuqing Member (&) Yuqing Marl Member No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Guiyang Sheet Yuqing in Guizhou Province Mid Triassic. Yuquan Formation ($) Mao Jiaqu, 1987, Geology of Shandong, 3(2). First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Wang Chongyou Yujiaquan in Tancheng City, Shandong Province For red conglomeratic sand beds and rudite beds Pleistocene Homonymous with Yuchuan

Formation. Yuquan Formation ( ) Integrated Research Team of Marine Geology & Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Ministry of Geology, 1989, Cenozoic Palaeontological Fauna of Continental Shelf of East China Sea, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Shanghai Integrated Research Team of Marine Ge-

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ology Yuquan in Continental Shelf of East China Sea Miocene Homonymous with Yuchuan Formation. Yushan Shale ( ) Kao P, 1933, Geology of Yushan & Kuangfung of Eastern Kiangsi, Bull. Geol. Surv. China, (23) Yushan County, Jiangxi Province For alternating beds of sandy shale and fine-grained sandstone and green shale Early Ordovician.

Yushanjian Formation () Chen Qishi, 1977, Geology of East China, vol.2, 73-70. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Zhejiang Regional Survey Team Yushanjian, north of Majian, Lanxi County, Zhejiang Province For conglomerate, rudite and gravel-bearing sandstone, with interbeds of sandy mudstone, carbonaceous shale and coal seams Mid Jurassic. Yushanzhen Formation ( ) Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of Jiangsu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.1], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 100. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Jiangsu Petroleum Geological Survey Team Yushanzhen in Jiangsu Province Late Cambrian. Yushasi Formation (

) Ma Shipeng et al., 1989, Xinjiang Geology, 7(4) Yushasi valley, close to Sukangluoke village, Halasitan river, Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For parti-coloured mudstone, sandstone, fine-grained quartzose sandstone, siltstone, silicalite and limestone Neoproterozoic. Yushe Group () Pei Wenzhong, Zhou Mingzhen, Zheng Jiajian, 1963, The Cenozoic of China, Beijing: Science Press, 17, 19, 20 Yushe County, Shanxi Province Composed

of Renjianao Formation, Zhangcun Formation and Louzeyu Formation, or of Mahui Formation, Gaozhuang Formation, Mazegou Formation and Haiyan Formation Pliocene-Pleistocene. Yushishan Formation ( ) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Hami Sheet Yushishan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Synonymous with Xingxingxia Group. Yushu Formation () Liaoning Hydrological Geology Team, 1987, Quaternary of Liaoning, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Yushu Farm in Liaoning Province For alternating beds of gray, grayish black muddy gravel-bearing clay and fine-grained sands Pleistocene.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Yushuchuan Formation () Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jilin City Sheet, Panshi County Sheet Yushuchuan in Jilin Province Late Jurassic.

Yushugou Formation () Pan Guang, 1981, Bull. Geol. Soc. Liaoning, (1). First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by North China Institute of Geology Yushugou in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks with interbeds of sedimentary rocks Early Cretaceous.

Yushuliang Formation () Yang Shipu, Hou Hongfei, et al., 1980, Carboniferous System of China, Acta Geologica Sinica, 54(3). First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Wang Dexu Yushuliang in Gansu Province Early Carboniferous Yushuliang Formation is the form

of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Yushuping Formation () Qin Feng, Gan Yiyan, 1976, Acta Geologica Sinica, 50(1): 74-79 Yushuping in Lixian County, Gansu Province For calcareous sandstone, sandy slate with interbeds of limestone Mid Devonian.

Yushuwan Conglomerate () Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of

Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 229 Yushuwan in Shandong Province For conglomerate Pliocene-Pleistocene Homonymous with Yushuwan Formation. Yushuwan Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Yushuwan in Shanxi Province Archean Homonym: Yushuwan Conglomerate.

Yutaishan Formation () Yutaishan Shale Xu Jiawei, 1958, Geological Review, 18(1): 41-55 Yutaishan located at the boundary between Gushi County and Huoqiu County, Anhui Province For grayish green and purple shale with interbeds of phosphorite Early Cambrian.

Yutang Formation () Ma Shipeng, Wang Yuzhen, 1989, Xinjiang Geology, 7(4) Yutang in Yecheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For sandy massive sedimentary rock and sandstone with interbeds of marls Sinian.

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Yutang Member () Guizhou Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingren, Anlong Sheet Yutang close to Huagong, Qinglong County, Guizhou Province Dealing with the upper member within the Huagong Formation, for sandstone with interbeds of limestone Early Permian. Yutangzhai Formation () Lan Chaohua, Sun Cheng, Fan Jiancai, Fang Rensen, 1983, Carboniferous-Per-

mian System in Zhenkang and Luxi Area, Western Yunnan, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (11), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 79-92 Yutangzhai close to Banka, Yongde County, Yunnan Province For grayish white limestone with interbeds of oolitic limestone Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Yutapu Formation () Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Song Yongqiang, Zhang Zhongying, 1987, Hanjiang Delta, Beijing: China Ocean Press Yutapu in Guangdong Province Pleistocene.

Yutengping Sandstone (7) Yutengping Muddy Sandstone Lin C C, 1954, Geology of Taiwan, in Taiwan Hsin-Chih, China Culture Publishing Foundation Yutengping in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province For muddy sandstone Miocene.

Yutian Group ( ) Jiangxi Bureau of Industry & Guangdong Bureau of Geology, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingren, Longnan Sheet Yutian in Longnan County, Jiangxi Province For the sum of Longtankeng Formation, Changpu Formation and Jilongzhang Formation Late Jurassic. Yutu Formation () Yutu Red Sandstone Hsu K C, Ting I, 1943, Geology and Tungsten deposits of southern Kiangsi, Mem. Geol. Surv. China, ser.A, (17) Yudu (Yutu) County, Jiangxi Province For red rudite Oligocene or Miocene. Yuxi Formation ( ) Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luocheng Sheet Yuxi close to Huangjin, Luocheng Molao Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For phyllite and metamorphic sandstone, siltstone, calcareous sandstone and sandstone Meso-

proterozoic. Yuxian Basalt (>) Yuxian Bsalt was Romanized as Basalts de Iouisian by the French (LSI) Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 204, chart

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

44 Yuxian County, Hebei Province For basalt Oligocene Synonymous with Hanoorpa Basalt; Homonym: Yuxian Formation. Yuxian Formation (>) Wang Ande, 1982, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1982(4): 227-229 Yuxian County, Hebei Province For red clay Pliocene Homonymous with Yuxian Basalt.

Yuxiantang Conglomerate () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 301 Yuxiantang in Jingzhou Township, Dayu County, Jiangxi Province For massive conglomerate Palaeocene-Eocene. Yuxingtun Formation ( ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multi-

ple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 216. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by No.7 Jilin Geology Team Yuxing Forestry Farm, Jilin Province For volcanic clastic rocks with interbeds of medium volcanic rocks Early-Mid Jurassic. Yuyang Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of

Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 220. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Jianghan College of Petroleum Yuyang Town, Qianjiang County, Hubei Province For alternating beds of black, brown mudstone, gypsum-, calcium- and mirabilite-bearing mudstone Late Cretaceous. Yuyao Formation ($) Henan Institute of Geology & No.3 Institute of Second Ministry of Machinery, 1979, Henan Geology, (1) Yuyao close to Junshao, Henan Province For the base formation within the Tengfung Complex Archean.

Yuyuanchia Marble () Ma Xingyuan, 1957, Acta Geologica Sinica, 37(1): 26 Yuyuanxia (Yuyuanchia) in Zhongtiaoshan, Shanxi Province For marble Palaeoproterozoic.

Yuyuangou Formation (') Zhang Weiji, Hu Jianmin, 1990, The stratigraphic classification and geologic

time of the Taowan Group, in Liu Guohui, Zhang Shouguang ed., 1990, Proceedings of the Geology of Qinling-Dabashan, Beijing: Science and Technology Press Yuyuangou in Shaanxi Province Neoproterozoic.

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Yuzhuang Formation (1) ($ 1) Tang Wenquan, 1983, Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Zhejiang, Regional Geology of China, (6): 15-30 Yuzhuang in Zhejiang Province Late Jurassic Homonym: Yuzhuang Formation (2). Yuzhuang Formation (2) ($ 2) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Xi Wenxiang, Pei Fang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Henan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 183. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Henan Petroleum Geology Team Yuzhuang in Zhicheng Township, Jiyuan County, Henan Province For alternating beds of red sandy mudstone, mudstone and red sandstone Late Cretaceous Homonymous with Yuzhuang Formation (1). Yuzidian Formation (&) Zhao Xiukun, 1978, The Devonian of Wuding Area, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 172-175. First appeared in a1976 manuscript by Fan Runsen Yuzidian in Yunnan Province Mid Devonian.

Z Zaduo Group ( ) No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Geological Map: Zaduo County Sheet Zaduo County, Qinghai Province For sandstone, carbonaceous shale, mudstone and slate with interbeds of limestone and coal seams, and with volcanic rocks occasionally Early Carboniferous. Zagunao Formation () Zagunao Series Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Ganzi Element of Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team Zagunao in Huili County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of metamorphic quartzose sandstone and dark slate, with interbeds of limestone, edgewise conglomerate and biolimestone Mid Triassic. Za’gya Zangbo Diamictite () Za’gya Zangbo Till Pu Qingyu, 1982, Quaternary Geological Problems in Tanggula Mountain Area, Qinghai-Tibet Highway, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (4), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Za’gya Zangbo in Western Kunlun Mount, Qinghai Province For diamictite Pleistocene. Zahuaigou Formation () Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Li Xingxue Zahuaigou, east of Shiguai, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For dark gray shale with interbeds of sandstone and coal seams Permian. Zaibian Formation (!3) Zaibian Series Luo Shengwu, 1944, Temporary Report of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey, (19) Zaibian in Congjiang County, southern Guizhou Province For schist, slate and marble Proterozoic. Zaijie Formation See Zaijieshan Formation. Zaijieshan Formation (3 ) Zaijie Formation (Hou Hongfei, 1978) Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Fang Runsen Zaijieshan close to Yutade, Panxi, Huaning County, Yunnan Province For a part within the original Itate Formation Late Devonian Zaijieshan Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

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Zanggezhuang Group () Cui Shengqin, Qiu Ganlin, Chen Zhaohu, Ma Xilan, 1965, in North China Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology ed., 1965, Contribution to the Symposium on Sinian System in Jixian, 172 Zanggezhuang in Jiaodong Area, Shandong Province For the sum of Nanzhuang Formation, Xiangkuang Formation and Gaogezhuang Formation Sinian. Zangka Formation () Du Qiliang, 1986, Bulletin of Chengdu College of Geology, (1) Zangka close to Qiasi, Daocheng County, Sichuan Province Dealing with the component formation within the Qiasi Group, for alternating beds of quartzite and schist SinianDevonian. Zanhuang Diamictite (4) Zanhuang Till Cao Zhaoyuan et al., 1964, The Phenomenon of Quaternary Glacier between the Zhanghe and Hutuohe Rivers in Eastern Foot of the Taihangshan, Proceedings to the Traces of Quaternary Glacier, Beijing: Science Press Zanhuang County, Hebei Province For red clay and gravel beds Pleistocene. Zanli Formation (5) Cheng Wenxiang, Zhang Yinggui, 1983, The preliminary opinion on the establishment of group and formation in Kangting Complex, West Sichuan, in Special Issue of Metamorphic Geology Zanli in Kangding County, Sichuan Province Dealing with the component formation within the Kangting Complex, for gray gneiss, amphibolites with interbeds of breccia migmatite Archean-Proterozoic. Zaomu Member () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 217 Zaomu in Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province Dealing with the component member within the upper part of local Chinglung Formation, for sandstone, limestone and muddy limestone, with interbeds of sandstone and siltstone Early Triassic. Zaoshang Formation (6) Wang Sien et al., 1985, Stratigraphy of China II, Jurassic of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Institute of Geology and Coal Exploration, China Coal Research Institute Zaoshang village, close to Chengtanjiang, Liuyang County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of conglomerate, rudite, gray thick-bedded quartzose sandstone and sandy mudstone Early Jurassic Synonymous with Shikang Formation. Zaoshi Formation () Gao Hongxiang, 1975, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 13(2): 89-95 Zaoshi Township, south of Chaling County, Hunan Province For purplish red Tyrannosaurus-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

bearing Paleocene sandy mudstone with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone and grayish green mudstone, and with gypsum occasionally Paleocene Zaoshi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Zaoshumiao Formation () Henan Institute of Geology & No.3 Institute of Second Ministry of Machinery, 1979, Henan Geology, (1) Zaoshuimiao close to Zhaigou, Linru County, Henan Province For the component formation within the local Tengfung Complex Archean.

Zaoyuan Member () Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1980, Mesozoic

Stratigraphy and Palaeontology in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Basin (I). First appeared in a 1950 manuscript by Wang Shangwen Zaoyuan close to Xingzihe, west of Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province Dealing with the member within the upper part of the Yen’an Formation, for alternating beds of grayish white sandstone, grayish black shale and silty mudstone Mid Jurassic. Zaozhuang Formation () Ting V K, 1947, Report of Geological Survey, National Geological Survey of China Zaozhuang in Yixian County, Shandong Province For coal-bearing strata Permian.

Zaozishan Formation () Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute of Geology, Academia

Sinica, 1958, Supplement to China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 135, chart 22 Zaozishan in Liaoning Province For light gray, green shale, sandstone and grayish white limestone Mid Jurassic. Zatupo Formation () Zhong Rui, He Yongxiang, 1990, Sinian-Permian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Tarim Basin, Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press Zatupo in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mid Ordovician.

Zayu Complex (() Zayu Tectonic Complex Zhang Qi, Li Shaohua, 1981, Magmatism and Metamorphism of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Zayu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For complex Geologic time unknown Homonym: Zayu Formation.

Zayu Formation (() Chen Ting’en, 1986, Bulletin of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, (10) Zayu County, eastern Tibet Autonomous Region For dark gray banded limestone and argillaceous limestone Early Ordovician Homonymous with Zayu Complex.

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Zegu Formation () Southwest Institute of Geology, 1964, Geological Reference Material of Southwest China, (2) Zegu in Xide County, Sichuan Province For metamorphic volcanic conglomerate, metamorphic rhyolite, tuffaceous sandstone and phyllite Mesoproterozoic.

Zengjiawopeng Formation (7 ) Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional

Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zengjiawopeng in Heilongjiang Province Late Cretaceous. Zenglongchang Formation (8

) Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zenglongchang close to Zhaertaishan, Wulate Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For sandstone, quartzose sandstone with interbeds of marls and mudstone, with limestone in the upper part Mesoproterozoic. Zengziding Formation (7) Wei Zhensheng, Tan Yueyan, 1983, Outline of Stratigraphy of Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zengziding close to Haitong, Mangkang County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a series carbonate rocks with interbeds of clastic rocks Ordovician. Zenong Group () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1983, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Xigaze Sheet, Yadong Sheet Zenong in Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For parti-coloured metamorphic sandstone, volcanic rocks, metamorphic conglomerate, shale, mudstone with interbeds of silicalite and limestone Late Triassic-Early Jurassic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Zesong Formation () Wu Ruizhong, Chen Dequan, et al., 1985, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (9), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zesong in Sewa area, Bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the part of Jurassic strata below the original Sewa Formation, for gray calcareous mudstone. Its lithostratigraphic character is the same as the Sewa Formation Zesong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning Synonymous with Quse Formation. Zeyu Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Henan Petroleum Team Zeyu in Chengliu Township, Jiyuan County, Henan Province For alternating beds of white quartzose sandstone and yellow mudstone Eocene. Zhabusagaxiu Formation ( ) Qinghai Geological Survey Team, Qinghai Bureau of Geology, 1962, in Con-

tribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Lanzhou Stratigraphy and Coal Mine Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press, 94-101 Zhabusagaxiu, northeast of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province For sandstone, shale and limestone Carboniferous. Zhada Formation (9) Zhada Group (Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region, 1993) Zhang

Qingsong, Wang Fubao, Ji Hongxiang, Huang Wanbo, 1981, Pliocene Stratigraphy of Zhada, Tibet, Journal of Stratigraphy, 5(3):216-220 Zhada County, Tibet Autonomous Region For clayey siltstone with interbeds of rudite PliocenePleistocene. Zhadari Diamictite Member ( ) Yin Jixiang, Guo Shizeng, 1976, On the discovery of the stratigraphy of Gond-

wana Facies in the northern slope of the Qomolangma Feng in southern Tibet, China, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1976(4): 322-329 Zhadari, 4 km southeast of Jilonggunba, Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the component member within the lower part of the Jilong Formation, for dark gray, dark green gravel-bearing slate, gravel-bearing sandstone with shale, sandstone and the diamictite of glacial marine origin Late Carboniferous. Zhadongcuo Formation (9) Yin Jixiang, Guo Shizeng, 1984, Bomi-Zayu Sub-area, Lhasa-Bomi Area, in In-

tegrated Scientific Expedition of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press, 156-179 Zhadongcuo, south of Lagu village, Bomi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of muddy siltstone, sandy slate, gravel-bearing sandy slate Early Permian. Zha’erjiake Formation () Xinjiang Institute of Geology & Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geo-

logical Sciences, 1987, Carboniferous, Permian and Its Fauna of Keping Area, Xinjiang, Beijing China Ocean Press, 1-275 Zha’erjiake in Muziduke Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For black, grayish black limestone, algal limestone with interbeds of marls and muddy limestone Late Carboniferous. Zha’ermage Formation () Yang Zunyi et al., 1983, The Triassic System of Southern Qilian Mountain, Bei-

jing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1972 manuscript by No.2

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Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team Zha’ermage in Gansu Province Early Triassic. Zha’ertai Group (#) Zha’ertaishan Group No.1 Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shetai Town Sheet Zha’ertai hill between Wulate Zhong Banner and Wulate Qian Banner, Bayan Nur League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For the local original Bayan Obo Series, now included Shujigou Formation, Zenglongchang Formation, Agulugou Formation, Liuhongwan Formation and Baiyinbulagou Formation PalaeoMesoproterozoic. Zhaga Formation () Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Shetai Zhaga in Tibet Autonomous Region Late

Triassic. Zhagaqu Formation () Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, 1983, Silurian of Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (8), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 15-28 Zhagaqu in Pazhuo Area, Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For rhythmic beds of bluish gray, grayish black siltstone and stone Early Silurian. Zhagashan Formation () No.2 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songpan Sheet Zhagashan, southwest of Songpan County, Sichuan Province For a series of rhythmic beds of carbonate rocks and clastic rocks Mid Triassic. Zhageyong Formation () No.2 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zaduo County Sheet, Shanglaxiu Sheet Zhageyong close to Kaixinling, Zaduo County, Qinghai Province Dealing with the com-

ponent formation within the upper part of Kaixinling Group, for grayish purpleandistic basalt, volcanic breccia, sandstone oil sandstone, siltstone and limestone Late Permian. Zhagu Formation (:) Yu Chongcai, 1963, Precambrian Stratigraphy and the Volcanic Movement in

Yanbian Area, in Reference Material of Geological Information of Science and Technology of Southwest China, (2) Zhagu in Yanbian County, Sichuan Province For slate with interbeds of dolomitic limestone or dolomitic slate occasionally Mesoproterozoic. Zhaheba Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing:

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.701 Team of Xinjiang Corporation of Metallurgical Geology Exploration, and Xinjiang Bureau of Coal Management Zhaheba in Fuyun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green, yellowish green tuffaceous breccia, tuffaceous sandstone, with black mudstone and sandstone and oil shales in the upper part Late Permian. Zhaigen Formation ( ) Lao Ziqiang, 1989, Henan Geology, 7(3) Zhaigen village, Shanxian County, Henan Province For alternating beds of gneiss, schist and dolomite Mesoproterozoic. Zhaigoukou Formation () Liang Yuehan et al., 1981, Bulletin of Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (3) Zhaigoukou in Linru County, Henan Province For a component formation within the Tengfung Complex Archean.

Zhaijiatun Sandstone (;) Sun Zheng-yi et al., 1991, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bayan County Sheet Zhaijiatun, Bayan County, Heilongjiang Province For sandstone Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Zhaili Member () Zhou Mingzhen, Li Chuankui, Zhang Yuping, 1973, Late Eocene mammalian faunas of Honan and Shansi with notes on some vertebrate fossils collected from there, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 11(2):165-181 Zhaili in Pinglu County, Shanxi Province Eocene. Zhaishan Member () Zhaishan Formation Compiling Group for Jiangsu and Shanghai Regional Strati-

graphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Jiangsu Province and Shanghai Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Fang Shangming et al. Zhaishan close to Jiawang, Daquan Township, Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province Dealing with a component member in the lower part of Xiaoxian Formation within the base of the local Majiagou Formation, for yellow, grayish yellow breccia muddy dolomite or dolomitic limestone Early Ordovician. Zhaitang Gravel Beds (; ) Zhao Xitao, Li Rongquan, 1988, The Quaternary deposits and stratigraphy in Zhaitang Area, Beijing, Chihkan Inst. Geol., Academia Sinica, (2), Beijing: Science Press, 114, 115, 120 Zhaitang village, Mentougou District, Beijing Municipality For grayish white and pink gravel beds Pleistocene. Zhaixia Formation () Li Jianhai et al., 1994, New Lithostratigraphic units established in Fujian Province, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 325-347 Zhaixia in

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Yongtai County, Fujian Province For purplish red sedimentary volcanic effusive rocks Early Cretaceous. Zhaizihe Formation () Zhang Zonghu, 1991, The Quaternary of China, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 504 Zhaizihe in Fenhe Basin, Shanxi Province For lacustrine deposits Pleistocene.

Zhaizishan Quartzite () Wang Y L, 1941, Geological Review, 6(1/2): 78 Zhaizishan close to Dalongtan, Kunming City, Yunnan Province For grayish white breccia, phosphoritic and calcareous quartzite Sinian.

Zhaka Formation (9) Liu Tungsheng, Xiong Hongde, et al., 1982, Geological Summary of Mount Xi-

xiabangma Area, Report of Scientific Expedition of Mount Xixiabangma Area, Beijing: Science Press, 211-274 Zhaka close to Suresha, south of Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For series of strata with the same lithostratigraphic characters as the Quburiga Formation Late Permian Synonymous with Quburiga Formation. Zhalagongga Formation () Zhalagongka Formation (The Lithostratigraphic Dictionary of China, 2000) No.3

Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Zhalagongga in Xiaobangda Area, Mangkang County, Tibet Autonomous Region Late Permian. Zhalagongka Formation i.e. Zhalagongga Formation. Zhalagou Formation () Lu Yanhao, 1962, The Cambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 60. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Yang Jingzhi, Qian Yiyuan, et al. Zhalagou located at the northern bank of Dulijiang River, east of Sandu County, Guizhou Province For dark black phosphoritic and bituminitic shale with interbeds of gray siliceous limestone Early Cambrian.

Zhama Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yuanyang, Daluma Sheet Zhama in Yunnan Province Late Triassic.

Zhamoketi Formation () Gao Zhenjia et al., 1981, Stromatolites and Ancient Algae of Xinjiang, in Atlas of Paleontology of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1958 manuscript by

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Zhu Shuncheng Zhamoketi in Middle Kuruktag Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green coarse-grained sandstone and muddy shale Sinian. Zhamunaqu Group (9) Jiang Zhongti, 1983, Some Problems on Jurassic Stratigraphy in Qiangtang Area,

in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 87-112 Zhamunaqu in Anduo County, Tibet Autonomous Region Early Jurassic. Zhamure Formation () Wang Yigang, Sun Dongli, He Guoxiong, 1980, New Advances in the Stratigraphy of the Himalayas (China’s side), Journal of Stratigraphy, 4(1): 55-59 Zhamure hill, east of Tulong village, Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the lower part of the Tulong Formation and representing the Carnian Stage, for limestone, siliceous, muddy limestone and the alternating beds of magnesitic limestone and sandy shale Late Triassic Zhamure Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Zhangbaling Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hefei Sheet Zhangbaling, Chuxian County, Anhui Province For the component subdivision within the upper part of the Changpaling Group with the same name Mesoproterozoic Junior homonymous with Changpaling Group; New name: Xileng Formation (1). Zhangbashan Limestone (<) Fei Yueru, 1959, Geological Review, 19(9): 402-410 Zhangbashan between Wuxiang County and Zhibaoze, Shanxi Province For limestone Permian.

Zhangcun Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yu Guohua ed.), 1996,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (33), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Zhejiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 20 Zhangcun village in Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province For tuffite Proterozoic. Zhangcun Formation () Wang Xingwu et al., 1981, Regional Geological Survey of Shanxi, 1981(4) Zhangcun in Yushe County, Shanxi Province For a component formation within the middle part of the local Yushe Group Pliocene Homonym: Zhangcun Group. Zhangcun Group () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press,

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21. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Fu Heqin & Li Wuxian Zhangcun village in Dexing County, Jiangxi Province For the sum of Hanyuan Formation and Yeshudi Formation Mesoproterozoic Homonymous with Zhangcun Formation. Zhangcunwu Formation () Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lin’an Sheet Zhangcunwu in Zhejiang Province Late

Ordovician. Zhangdong Formation () Lin Baoyu, Wang Naiwen, Wang Sien, et al., 1989, Tibet Stratigraphy [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (2) Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhangdong in Tibet Autonomous Region Devonian. Zhangdonggou Sandstone () Inai Y, 1934, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 41(494) Zhangdonggou village, southeast of Xiaoshi, Benxi City, Liaoning Province For sandstone Late Carboniferous. Zhang’en Formation () Rao Jingguo, Zhang Zhenggui, Yang Zengrong, 1988, Silurian Devonian and Permian of Tibet, Chengdu, Sichuan Science and Technology Press Zhang’en in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Devonian. Zhangershan Limestone (<) Fei Yueru, 1959, Geological Review, 19(9) Zhangershan between Wuxiang County and Zhibaoze, Shanxi Province For limestone Late carboniferous. Zhangguangcailing Group (:4) Wang Chengxiao, 1993, in Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 38 Zhangguangcailing in Heilongjiang Province For the sum of Zhenggou Formation, Hongguang Formation and Xinxing Formation (1) Neoproterozoic. Zhanggusu Formation () No.1 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1988, Report of Regional Geological Survey of Basikanshanai-Huocheng Area Zhanggusu in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Carboniferous. Zhanghe Formation () Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Yuanzhi ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (53), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Yunnan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 270. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Yunnan Regional Geological

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Survey Team Zhanghe close to Xiazhuang, Xiangyun County, Yunnan Province For coarse-grained sandstone with interbeds of rudite Mid Jurassic. Zhanghemiao Formation () Yu Jixian, Wang Mingsheng, Yang Jianchao, et al., 1985, Henan Geology, 3(4): 55-82 Zhanghemiao in Henan Province Palaeoproterozoic.

Zhangjia Formation () Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Weifang Sheet Zhangjia in Shandong Province. Zhangjiaba Formation (1) ( 1) Zhang Zuqi, 1978, Geological Science and Technology, (6). First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica Zhangjiaba in Gansu Province Mid Devonian Homonym: Zhangjiaba Formation (2). Zhangjiaba Formation (2) ( 2) Qin Shourong et al., 1984, Guizhou Geology, 1(2) Zhangjiaba, 24 km southeast of Yinjiang County, Guizhou Province For alternating beds of quartzose sandstone and metamorphic sandstone, with interbeds of slate Neoproterozoic Homonymous with Zhangjiaba Formation (1); Homonym: Zhangjiaba Member. Zhangjiaba Member () Tong Zhengxiang, 1978, The upper boundary of the Lower Devonian and its Bra-

chiopod fauna in Ruo’ergai, Sichuan-Diebu, Gansu, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 125. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Lin Zhile Zhangjiaba close to Minbaogou, 24 km northwest of Wen County, Gansu Province Dealing with the component member within the upper part of the Minbaogou Formation, for gray quartzite with interbeds of shale and chloritization iron mine Mid Devonian Homonymous with Zhangjiaba Formation (1). Zhangjiacun Formation () Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 271 Zhangjiacun in Lushi County, Henan Province For alternating beds of brownish red, brownish yellow, grayish brown clay stone, muddy siltstone, conglomerate, rudite and sandstone Eocene. Zhangjiadazhuang Formation () Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 105. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Henan

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Regional Geological Survey Team Zhangjiadazhuang in Tongbai County, Henan Province Neoproterozoic. Zhangjiafen Group () Beijing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Beijing Municipality [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.27], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 10. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by Beijing College of Geology Zhangjiafen in Miyun County, Beijing Municipality For the sum of Shicheng Formation, Duanshuliang Formation, Shanshenmiao Conglomerate and Songyingzi Formation Archean. Zhangjiapo Formation () Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 243. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.3 Survey Team of National General Bureau of Geology Zhangjiapo in Weinan County, Shaanxi Province For black mudstone Pleistocene. Zhangjiatun Formation () Liu Fa, Huang Zhuxi, 1977, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, (1): 5267 Zhangjiatun close to Soudeng Station, Yongji County, Jilin Province For yellowish green, grayish purple, dark gray clastic rocks and volcanic clastic rocks Mid Silurian. Zhangjiawan Formation () Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 21. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Luo Haiyan Zhangjiawan close to Yangjiaping, Nishi, Shimen County, Hunan Province For purplish red quartz conglomerate, rudite, gravel-bearing sandstone and quartzose sandstone Neoproterozoic. Zhangjiayan Formation () Zhangjiayan Beds Si Xingjian, Zhou Zhiyan, 1962, Mesozoic Continental Stratigraphy of China, Beijing: Science Press, 154. First appeared in a 1953 manuscript by Zhang Shengyun, Wang Bijun & Wu Sixun Zhangjiayan in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For light lateritic red mudstone and sandy shale Mid Jurassic. Zhangjiayu Subformation () Chen Jinbiao et al., 1980, in Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 76-111 Zhangjiayu close to Gaogezhuang, north of Jixian County, Tianjin Municipality For the component subformation

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

within the Kaoyuchuang Formation Mesoproterozoic Zhangjiayu Subformation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Zhangjiazhuang Formation (1) ( 1) Beijing Coal Research Institute, 1959, Geology of Main Coal Field of China, Beijing: Coal Industry Press, 43 Zhangjiazhuang in Xinglong County, Hebei Province For coal-bearing series Late Carboniferous Homonym: Zhangji-

azhuang Formation (2). Zhangjiazhuang Formation (2) ( 2) Yang Zhichao, Liu Jian, Jin Qinhai, 1984, Geology of Shaanxi, 2(5): 20-24. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by No.3 Shaanxi Geology Team Zhangjiazhuang close to Yangjialing, 4.8 km west of Honghuapu, Feng County, Shaanxi Province For purplish gray, gray volcanic rocks with interbeds of volcanic clastic rocks, silty slate and limestone Mid-Late Ordovician Homonymous with Zhangjiazhuang Formation (1). Zhangla Formation (=) Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a manuscript by Zhangla Geology Team Zhangla in Caodi, Songpan County, Sichuan Province For the sum of Luoranggou Formation, Hongxingyan Formation and Qiranggou Formation Triassic Homonymous with Zhangla Group. Zhangla Group (=) Zhangla Conglomerate Editorial Commission on Geology of China & Institute

of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1956, China Regional Stratigraphic Charts (Project), Beijing: Science Press, 267, chart 57. First appeared in a 1941 manuscript by Xiong Yongxian Zhangla in Caodi, Songpan County, Sichuan Province For conglomerate Quaternary Homonym: Zhangla Formation. Zhanglaogongtun Formation () Wang Wili, Zhen Shaolin, Zhang Lijun, et al., 1989, Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Western Liaoning, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 34-35 Zhanglaogongtun in Liaoning Province Early Cretaceous. Zhangmu Formation (>) Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 166.First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Guangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Zhangmu in Yulin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region For calcareous mudstone and siltstone Early Devonian. Zhangmuqu Formation (>) Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongxin Sheet Zhangmuqu in Chongyi County, Jiangxi

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Province Early Ordovician Zhangmuqu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Zhangping Formation (= ) Zhangping Group Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongan Sheet Zhangping County, Fujian Province For purple, purplish red, grayish green, grayish black and yellowish white sandstone, shale and mudstone, with interbeds of tuffaceous siltstone Mid

Jurassic. Zhangqian Formation (=) Zhangqian Schist Xia Bangdong, 1962, Bulletin of Nanking University, Geology Zhangqian in Qimen County, Anhui Province For grayish green, brownish dark gray quartz schist, quartz chlorite schist, quartzite and phyllite Presinian.

Zhangqu Formation ($) Anhui and Jiangsu Regional Geological Survey Teams, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Dangshan, Su County and Lingbi Sheet Zhangqu in Lingbi County, Anhui Province Dealing with the component formation within the Huaihe Group, for limestone, marls and dolomite Neoproterozoic.

Zhangshanji Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing Sheet Zhangshanji close to Wangjiagang, Lai’an County, Anhui Province For red rudite Eocene.

Zhangshuwan Formation (>) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of

Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 161 Zhangshuwan close to Shangbaochong, 24 km northeast of Liling County, Hunan Province. Zhangsongshan Formation (>) Pu Quansheng, 1993, in Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1988, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 56, 58. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Xie Guisheng Zhangsongshan in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province For grayish white gravel-bearing sandstone and quartzose sandstone Early Ordovician. Zhangtiantang Granite ( ) Huang I, Zhu Fuxiang, 1948, Geological Review, 13(3/4): 215 Zhangtiantang, 15 km north of Yangmeisi, Gan County, Jiangxi Province For granite.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Zhangwan Formation () Yan Guoshun, 1981, Henan Geology, (2) Zhangwan in Xichuan County, Henan Province For yellow, yellowish green shales with interbeds of silty mudstone, siltstone and marls Early Silurian.

Zhangwu Formation (?) No.1 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Handan City Sheet Zhangwu in Shuizhi Town, Anyang City, Henan Province For purple clay stone, sandy clay stone; grayish

white calcareous siltstone and gravel-bearing sandstone; parti-coloured clay stone with interbeds of sandstone, conglomerate and silty mudstone, and with conglomerate in the base Miocene. Zhangxianbao Formation () Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Wu Tieshan ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (14), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Shanxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 24. First appeared in a 1984 manuscript by Shen Yiwei Zhangxianbao in Dai County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the component formation within the lower part of the Gaofan Group, for grayish black phyllite, schist with interbeds of metamorphic siltstone and quartzite Archean. Zhangyan Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yu Guohua ed.), 1996,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (33), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Zhejiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 12. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Hu Xiongjian et al. Zhangyan in Longquan County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with the component formation within the Badu Group, for schist and leptynite Palaeoproterozoic. Zhangying Formation () Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Wengeng, Weihai, Haicheng, Chaoli Sheet Zhangying in Shandong Province Late Cretaceous.

Zhangyu Formation () Zhangyu Series Huang Wanbo, Shen Cuiyu, 1959, Guide Book to Quaternary

Geological Conference of Sanmenxia, in Chinese Society of Quaternary Sciences ed., 1959, Contribution to the Quaternary Geological Conference of Sanmenxia, Beijing: Science Press, 141-146 Zhangyu village in Pinglu County, Shanxi Province For the mammalian fossil-bearing strata belongs to Pleistocene Pleistocene Zhangyu Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

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Zhangzhangzi Formation (<) Wang Qichao, Zhang Shaoqing, Qi Honglie, Ren Shuxiang, 1995, The Protolith character of metamorphic rocks and the genetic analysis of granites of Archean Eon in the eastern Hebei, Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources of North China, 10(1): 27-40. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team Zhangzhangzi in Qinglong County, Hebei Province Dealing with the component formation within the local Zhuzhangzi Group, for leptynite, leucogranulite and amphibolites Archean. Zhangzhou Formation (= ) Yao Qingyuan, He Zhaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary Study on the Quaternary Stratigraphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992, Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 77-83 Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province For a series of brownish red sands and gravel beds Pleistocene. Zhangzhuang Formation () Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luoyang Sheet Zhangzhuang in Zhicheng Township, Henan Province For red sandy mudstone, sandstone and conglomerate Eocene.

Zhangzidao Beds ($) Liu Minhou, Wu Shiying, Wang Yongji, Gao Jianxi, 1986, Late Quaternary Sea Level Changes in the Huanghai Sea, Quaternaria Sinica, 7(2): 61-68 Zhangzi Island in Huanghai Sea, east of Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong Province Pleistocene. Zhanhua Formation (@ ) Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Zhanhua County, Shandong Province Pleistocene. Zhanjiang Formation (A ) Zhanjiang Group Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Strati-

graphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 420, table IV-9-1. First appeared in a 1954 manuscript by Li Shuxun Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province For rhythmic beds of rudite, siltstone and clay, with interbeds of volcanic rocks Pleistocene. Zhanjin Formation (B) Liang Dingyi, Nie Zetong, et al., 1983, Earth Science, (1), serial no.19 Zhanjin river, north of Pucun, Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region For quartzose sandstone, siltstone, sandy slate, with interbeds of volcanic clastic rocks and lava Late Carboniferous. Zhanong’ema Formation ( ) Lin Baoyu, 1981, Geological Review, 27(4): 353 Zhanong’ema close to Yongzhu, Xainza County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish white thick-bedded lime-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

stone Silurian. Zhanpo Formation (B) Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Ziyang Sheet Zhanpo in Zhenba County, Shaanxi Province For gray limestone with interbeds of clastic rocks Early Carboniferous. Zhaoanzhuang Formation (C) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 20. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by No.6 Henan 6 Regional Geological Survey Team Zhaoanzhuang in Wuyang County, Henan Province For a component formation within the Taihua Complex Archean. Zhaobai Formation (D) Wang Shouyi, 1988, in Wu Tieshan, Xiao Suzhen, Wang Shouyi, 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Zhaobai Township in Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the component formation within the top part of the original Taibaiweishan Group, for grayish red, grayish white conglomerate with interbeds of clay stone Mid Jurassic. Zhaobishan Formation (") No.13 Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Zhu Shuncheng et al.), Ministry of Geology, 1958, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingeer Sheet Zhaobishan in Kuruktag Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For black silty mudstone Sinian Homonym: Chaupishan Formation. Zhaobiyan Member (") Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, The Devonian of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 108 Zhaobiyan close to Guixi, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province Dealing with the component member within the lower part of

the Guixi Formation, for gray quartzite with interbeds of black siltstone and sandy mudstone Early Devonian Homonymous with Chaupishan Formation. Zhaochigou Group (C) Huo Fucheng, Cao Jingxuan, Dong Yansheng, Gu Qichang, Yan Zhiqiang, 1987, Bulletin of Changchun College of Geology, 17(1). First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Gu Qichang et al. Zhaochigou, 19 km southeast of Balinbeili, Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For quartz schist and leptynite Palaeoproterozoic. Zhaohuajing Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Ningxia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by Ye Yongzheng

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Zhaohuajing in Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For purplish

gray, grayish green quartzose sandstone with interbeds dark gray, grayish purple muddy limestone, oolitic limestone and purplish red sandstone with inter beds of limestone lenticle Early-Mid Silurian. Zhaojiaba Formation (C) Zhaojiaba Shale Lu Yanhao, 1959, Ordovician Stratigraphic Classification and Correlation of Southern China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhajiaba in Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province For yellowish green shales Early Ordovician. Zhaojialing Member (C) Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhaojialing in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the component member within the upper part of the Pinglu Group, for brownish red, purplish red, and grayish green silty mudstone and mudstone with interbeds of dolomite and gypsum Eocene. Zhaojiashan Formation (C) Wu Wangshi, Zhang Linxin, Jin Yugan, 1974, Carboniferous of Western Guizhou, Chihkan Inst. Geol. Palaeont., Academia Sinica, (6): 72-87 Zhaojiashan, 3 km east of Weining County, Guizhou Province For grayish white limestone Carbon-

iferous. Zhaojiazhuang Formation (C) Du Rulin, 1984, Bulletin of Hebei College of Geology, (1) Zhaojiazhuang in Yuantou Township, Zanhuang County, Hebei Province For purplish red shale with interbeds of dolomite, with gravel-bearing quartz breccia Mesoproterozoic. Zhaolaoyu Formation (C) Mei Zhichao, Li Wenhou, 1986, Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 4(1): 34-42 Zhaolaoyu in Fuping County, Shaanxi Province For alternating beds of grayish black thin-bedded limestone and algal limestone Late Ordovician.

Zhaoling Group (E) Qian Wanchou, Qiu Shuyu, 1990, The Classification and Correlation of Upper Precambrian in the Southern Margin of North China Platform, Xi’an: Northwest University Press Zhaoling in Liquan County, Shaanxi Province Ordovician A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Zhaolingou Formation () Compiling Group for Inner Mongolia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of North China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhaolingou in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mid Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Zhaomingshan Formation (%) Zhaomingshan Basalt Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1989, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hefei Sheet, Dingyuan Sheet Zhaomingshan in Wuwei County, Anhui Province For gray, pink basalt, conglomerate and gravel-bearing mudstone Eocene.

Zhaotong Formation (1) (E 1) Liao Weihua, Xu Hankui, Wang Chengyuan, et al., 1978, Devonian Stratigraphic Classification and Correlation in Southwestern China, in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed., 1978, Contribution to Devonian Conference of South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 193-213 Zhaotong County, Yunnan Province For quartzose sandstone, dolomite and limestone with interbeds of shale and sandstone, it is subdivided into Suotoushan Formation, Hongyapo Formation and Kutsing Formation Mid Devonian Homonym: Zhaotong Formation (2). Zhaotong Formation (2) (E 2) Compiling Group for Yunnan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Yunnan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Zhou Mingzhen Zhaotong County, Yunnan Province For gray clay and lignite Pliocene Homonymous with Zhaotong Formation (1). Zhaowei Formation (C) Jiangsu and Anhui Regional Geological Survey Teams, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuzhou Sheet Zhaowei close to Yizhuang Township, Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province Dealing with the component for-

mation within the Huaihe Group, for gray, bluish gray limestone with interbeds of grayish yellow and grayish purple banded limestone Neoproterozoic. Zhaowuda Formation (E) Compiling Group for Liaoning Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northeast China: Liaoning Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhaowuda in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For basalt Miocene Synonymous with Han Jo P’a or Hanoorpa Basalt. Zhapu Formation () Zhapu Group No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bomi Sheet Zhapu close to Niuchang, Zongzan, 90 km southeast of Batang County, Sichuan Province For light gray, grayish white limestone Late Carboniferous. Zhaqu Formation () Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map of Neixiang Area

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Zhaqu in Neixiang County, Henan Province For volcanic clastic rocks with interbeds of conglomerate, sandstone and marblized limestone Mid Ordovician.

Zhari Formation ( ) Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Research on Regional Ge-

ology of Yangzhuoyong cuo Area, South Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhari in Yangzhuoyong lake area, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish black shale, marls with interbeds of sandstone and flint nodule Early Jurassic. Zharigen Formation ( ) Liu Guangcai, 1993, Qinghai Geology, 2(1): 1-9 Zharigen in Tanggula Township, Golmud City, Qinghai Province For gray limestone Carboniferous-Permian.

Zharinaya Formation ( @/) Liang Dingyi, Guo Tieting, et al., 1991, Geology of Ngari, Tibet. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Zharinata in the western slope of Mayangpuse, Zanda County, Tibet Autonomous Region For black muddy limestone, marls with interbeds of limestone Mid Triassic.

Zharugou Formation () Fan Yingnian, 1994, Lithofacies Geography, 14(3): 10-17 Zharugouxinzha in Nanping County, Sichuan Province For limestone and shale Early Carbonifer-

ous. Zhasikansaihe Formation () Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team (Feng Mingdao), 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bashikaogong Sheet Zhasikansai river,

close to Hongliuquan valley at the slope of the Altun Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with the component formation within the lower part of the Bashiku’ergan Group, for dark grayish green tuffite, volcanic breccia and lava, with interbeds of limestone lenticle and conglomerate Mesoproterozoic. Zhasu Formation () Liu Guangcai, 1993, Qinghai Geology, 2(1): 1-10 Zhasu in Qinghai Province Late Permian.

Zhawangzi Formation () Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Research on Regional Geol-

ogy of Yangzhuoyong cuo Area, South Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhawangzi in Langkazi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For grayish yellow siliceous shale with carbonaceous shale and gray muddy limestone lenticle Early Cretaceous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Zhaworong Formation ( B) Bai Haisheng, 1989, Geological Review, 35(6): 529-536 Zhaworong in Tanggula Township, Golmud City, Qinghai Province For grayish white, grayish green, purplish gray quartzose sandstone, gravel-bearing sandstone, limestone, rudite and muddy siltstone, with purplish red and parti-coloured sandstone with interbeds of limestone and sandy conglomerate in the upper part Late Jurassic. Zhaxigang Formation ( ) Lin Baoyu, Qiu Hongrong, 1982, New Views of the Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Himalaya Mountain Area, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (7), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhaxigang in Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Early Devonian Zhaxigang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Zhaxizhong Formation ( ) Yang Zengrong, 1985, The Silurian in Southern Tibet, in Contribution to the Ge-

ology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhaxizhong in Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region Silurian Zhaxiz-

hong Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Zhayao Formation () i.e. Zhaziyao Formation. Zhazi Formation (F) Wu Ren, 1992, Journal of Stratigraphy, 16(1) Zhazi in Jilin Province Early Carboniferous Zhazi Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning. Zhazigou Formation () No.2 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qilianshan Sheet Zhazigou in Gansu Province Early Ordovician.

Zhaziyao Formation () Zhaziyao Coal-bearing Beds, Zhayao Formation (Shandong Institute of Geology & Changchun College of Geology, 1965) Saito R, 1939, Bull. Geol. Inst. Manchukuo, (97): 47-50 Zhaziyao close to Wafangdian, Fu County, Liaoning Province For coal-bearing sandstone Late Jurassic Synonym: Zhayao Formation, Wafangdian Formation. Zhazuo Formation () Wang Keyong, 1984, Regional Geology of Guizhou, (1). First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by Shen Zhida Zhazuo in Xiuwen County, Guizhou Province For the part of Porochara anluensis-bearing strata Late Cretaceous Zhazuo Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with biostratigraphic meaning.

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Zhebuli Group (G) Yang Zunyi et al., 1964, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 12(2) Zhebuli in Tibet Autonomous Region Tertiary Synonymous with Zhongpu Formation.

Zhecun Formation (G) Zhecun Member Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory

Text for 1:1 100 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by Southern Tibet Geology Team Zhecun close to the northern slope of Zhela hill, Gongga County, Tibet Autonomous Region For black, blackish gray shale, sandstone, with interbeds of limestone lenticle Late Triassic. Zhefang Formation (G&) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luxi Sheet, Ruili Sheet, Nongdao Sheet Zhefang in Yunnan Province Mid Jurassic Synonym: Mengga Formation.

Zhegou Formation () Wang Congfeng et al., 1987, Early Tertiary Pollen and Spore Order of Eastern

China, in Proceedings of the Petroleum Stratigraphy and Paleontology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhegou in Shandong Province Oligocene. Zhela Formation (G) Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Research on Regional Geol-

ogy of Yangzhuoyong cuo Area, South Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by No.1 Tibet Geology Team Zhelashan in Gongga County, Tibet Autonomous Region For parti-coloured, gray, grayish black sandy shale with interbeds of basalt, andesitic tuffite, silicalite, limestone and the block body of conglomerate Jurassic. Zhenbaodao Formation (H$) Li Wenzhong et al., 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhenbaodao Sheet Zhenbaodao in Heilongjiang Province Early Cretaceous.

Zhenggou Formation () Wang Chengxiao, 1993, in Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Re-

sources, 1993, Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 38 Zhenggou close to Dongfeng Foresty Farm, Hailin County, Heilongjiang Province Dealing with the component formation within the lowest part of Zhangguangcailing Group, for volcanic rocks schist and marble Neoproterozoic Synonymous with Moshishan Formation.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Zhenghuoping Formation () Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 45 Zhenghuoping in Qimen County, Anhui Province For grayish green, grayish black phyllite Presinian. Zhengjiadian Formation ( ) Liaoning Hydrological Geology Team, 1978, Quaternary of Liaoning, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhengjiadian in Panshan County, Liaoning Province For alternating beds of gray, grayish black, light yellowish green clay, mudbearing sand Pleistocene.

Zhengjiadu Formation () Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Liu Yaguang ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (36), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jiangxi Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 293. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Zhengjiadu close to Fengchuan Town, Fengxin County, Jiangxi Province For purplish red mudstone and siltstone, with interbeds of rudite, conglomerate and gypsum Paleocene-Eocene. Zhengjiatun Formation () Zhengjiatun Series, Zhenjia Formation (revised by Panguang et al., 1959) Song Xuezhong, Feng Zhongguang, Zhu Zhicheng, Pu Dexiang, Bai Jin, 1951, Geological Review, 16(1): 67 Zhengjiatun in Benxi City, Liaoning Province For purplish red conglomerate and sandstone Early Triassic.

Zhengjiayao Formation () Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tianzhen Sheet, Longguan Sheet, Qinglong Sheet Zhengjiayao in Hebei Province Jurassic.

Zhengmuguan Formation (9) Zhenmuguan Formation (Regional Geology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 1990) Zheng Zhaochang, Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1978, Geological Information of Science and Technology of Northwest China, (5); See also Zhao Xiangsheng et al., 1980, in Sinian Suberathem of China, 164-185 Zhengmuguan (also called Zhenmuguan), 10 km north of Suyukou, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For the sum of diamictite (original Jingdiquan Formation) and slate (original Zhenmuguan Formation) Sinian The name Zhengmuguan Formation can not be changed as Zhenmuguan Formation despite changing geographic name from Zhengmuguan to Zhenmuguan, because Zhenmuguan Formation belongs to the useless name that shoud be abandoned.

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Zhengnangou Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team & No.213 Shanxi Geology Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen, Qinyuan Sheet Zhengnangou in Huo County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the component formation within the lower part of Huoxian Group, for gneiss and amphibolites Archean. Zhengshuihe Formation () Liu Zuhan, 1987, Geological Review, 33(5): 462-467 Zhengshuihe in Hunan Province Late Devonian. Zhengtang Formation (/) Compiling Group for Zhejiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Zhejiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhengtang, 25 km northwest of Youxi, Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province For calcareous mudstone with interbeds of siltstone Early Triassic. Zhengtangzi Formation ( ) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Yufa, Jiang Lifu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (34), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Anhui Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 89. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Zhengtangzi village in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province For schist, leptynite with interbeds of marble Sinian-Devonian. Zhenguan Formation ( ) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 64 Zhenguan in Shaanxi Province Proterozoic. Zhengyang Formation () No.107 Sichuan Geology Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Linfen, Qianjiang Sheet Zhengyang in Qianjiang County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of lateritic red calcareous conglomerate and quartzite Cretaceous.

Zhengyuanling Formation () Huang Jianzhong, 1990, Hunan Geology, 13(3) Zhengyuanling in Qiaoshi Township, Guiyang County, Hunan Province For grayish green with interbeds of purplish red quartz graywacke, quartzose sandstone and silty shale, with siliceous and gravel-bearing slate Sinian. Zhenhai Formation (1) (  1) Yao Qingyuan, He Zhaoxing, 1992, A Preliminary Study on the Quaternary Stratigraphic Subdivision in the Coastal Area of Fujian, in Zhang Zonghu ed., 1992,

1398

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology on Southeast Coastal Zone of China, Beijing: Seismological Press, 77-83 Zhenhai in Longhai County, Fujian Province For a series of parti-coloured sandy clay, sands and gravel beds Pleistocene Homonym: Zhenhai Formation (2). Zhenhai Formation (2) (  2) Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yu Guohua ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (33), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Zhejiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 188 Zhenhai County, Zhejiang Province For grayish yellow, yellowish brown lay, dark gray silt clay Holocene Homonymous with Zhenhai Formation (1); Synonymous with Binhai Formation. Zhenhuayu Formation (

)

Compiling Group for Shanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of North China: Shanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1966 manuscript by Wang Qichao Zhenhuayu in Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province For the component formation within the Wutai Group Archean. Zhenji Formation () Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 283. First appeared in a 1965 manuscript by Jilin Hydrological Geology Team Zhenji in Jilin Province For silt clay Pleistocene Synonym: Daqinggou Formation. Zhenjiagou Formation (I) Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Rizhao Sheet Zhenjiagou in Junan County, Shandong Province Dealing with the component formation within the Jiaonan Group, for leptynite, schist, amphibolites and gneiss Neoproterozoic. Zhenjiang Formation ( ) Zhenjiang Swine Limestone Zhang Linxin, 1983, On the swine limestone, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(3): 184-190 Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province Dealing with the part of swine limestone within the original Chihsia Limestone or Hsihsia Limestone (Lee J S, 1930), for dark gray to black gray limestone with muddy limestone and calcareous mudstone Early Permian. Zhenmuguan Formation ( ) See Zhengmuguan Formation. Zhenmuguan Member ( ) Zhenmuguan Group Ningxia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of

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the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.22], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 38. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.2 Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team Zhenmuguan (also Zhengmuguan), 10 km north of Suyukou, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For schist above the diamictite (Jingdiquan Member) Sinian Homonymous with Zhenmuguan Formation. Zhenning Formation () Zhao Jinke, Chen Chuzhen, Liang Xiluo, 1962, The Triassic of China, Beijing:

Science Press. First appeared in a 1959 manuscript by WangYu, ChenChuzhen & Lu Linhuang Zhenning County, Guizhou Province For grayish green, yellowish green calcareous shale and grayish black limestone Early Triassic. Zhenshui Formation () Zhenshui Member Zhang Xianqiu, 1982, Proceedings of Geological Society of Guangdong, (2) Zhenshui in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For alternating beds of grayish brown, lateritic red rudite, gravel-bearing sandstone, sandstone, brownish red siltstone Late Cretaceous. Zhentou Formation () Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Yufa, Jiang Lifu ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (34), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Anhui Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 107. First appeared in a 1989 manuscript by No.332 Anhui Geology Team Zhentou Town, Jixi County, Anhui Province For gray, purple, green rhyolite and tuffite Neoproterozoic. Zhenxianyan Member (J) Zhang Xianqiu, 1984, Division and biota of the Luofozhai Group in the sec-

tion of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 239-253 Zhenxianyan, 600m north of Gucheng, Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For the component member within the upper part of the Gucheng Formation (1) Paleocene.

Zhenxingpu Diamictite ( ) Zhenxingpu Till Beds Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Jilin Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.10], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 289. First appeared in a manuscript by Jilin Regional Geological Survey Team Zhenxingpu in Jilin Province For diamictite Pleistocene Synonymous with Sidengfang Diamictite. Zhenzhumen Formation (H) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 12. First appeared in a 1960 manuscript by

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Changchun College of Geology Zhengzhumen in Jilin Province For mediumbedded dolomitic marble, siliceous marble and thin-bedded marble Proterozoic. Zhenzishan Formation ( ) Zhenzishan Formation (Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province, 1993) Wu

Xiuyuan, Zhu Huaicheng, 2000, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ed., 2000, Stratigraphical Studies in China (19791999), Hefei: China University of Science and Technology Press, 167-169. First appeared in a 1964 manuscript by Liang Qingchu Zhenzishan in Laoyeling, Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province For sedimentary rocks with interbeds of coal seams and tuffaceous slate Late Carboniferous. Zhenzishan Formation (H) i. e. Zhenzishan Formation (). Zhepure Formation (GC) Zhepure Group Wen Shixuan, 1974, Cretaceous and Tertiary Systems, in Scien-

tific Expedition of Mt. Qomolungma Region, Academia Sinica ed., 1974, Report of Scientific Expedition of Mt. Qolmolungma Region (1966-1968), Geology, Beijing: Science Press. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript Zhepure in Zongpu valley, north of Gangba County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of shale and limestone Eocene. Zhewang Formation (K) Den Fenglin, 1982, The character of the Zhewang Beds and its geologic time

in southern Guizhou, Proceedings of Abstract of Geological Society of Guizhou, Guiyang, Geological Society of Guizhou Zhewangzhai, 7 km southwest of Mochong, Duyun County, Guizhou Province For gray muddy limestone with interbeds of shale Late Devonian. Zhichang Formation (!) Hou Hongfei, Wang Shitao, et al., 1988, Stratigraphy of China, (7), Devonian of

China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 158. First appeared in a manuscript by Xian Siyuan Zhichang close to Gumu, Wenshan County, Yunnan Province For dolomite Early Devonian. Zhidan Group () Pao’an Group Compiling Group for Shaanxi Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980,

Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Shaanxi Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Shaanxi Petroleum Geology Team Zhidan (original Bao’an) County, Shaanxi Province Dealing with the sum of original Luoho Sandstone, Hwachih Sandstone and Huanho Beds, for a sequence of purplish red to parti-coloured sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone, mudstone with interbeds of shale, marls and a few calcareous sandstone Cretaceous Synonymous with Pao’an Group.

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Zhifang Formation (!) Yang Shipu, 1981, in Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhifang in eastern Junggar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green tuffaceous sandstone, rudite with interbeds of sandy limestone Mid Devonian Zhifang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.

Zhifangzhuang Formation (!) Chen Junyuan, Zou Xiping, 1975, Ordovician Stratigraphy of Shandong and New

Views of Huanghe, Gansu, Qinghai and Tibet Areas, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ed., Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, (1) Zhifangzhuang, south of Wennan, Xintai City, Shandong Province For dolomite Early Ordovician. Zhifengzhuang Formation (") Shandong Regional Geological Survey Team, 1992, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Gaomi, Qingdao, Lingshan Sheet Zhifengzhuang village, close to Longwangzhuang, Laiyang City, Shandong Province Dealing with the

component formation within the basic part of the Wutu Group, for conglomerate and rudite Early Cretaceous. Zhigong Quartzite (#) Geological Group of Tibet Working Team, Academia Sinica, 1959, Documents

of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey of Eastern Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Zhigong in Lhasa valley, Tibet Autonomous Region For quartzite Permian.

Zhigou Formation (1) () Zhigou Formation Tong Zhengxiang, 1990, Carboniferous-Permian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Waluo Area, Yanbian, Sichuan, Chongqing: Chong Publishing House Zhigou in Sichuan Province Late Carboniferous Zhigou Formation (1) is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning; Synonym: Zhigou Formation (2).

Zhigou Formation (2) ( ) I. e. Zhigou Formation (1) Zhinishan Formation ($) Guo Shengzhe, 1982, The Tetracoralla assemblage in the northern part of North-

east China and Inner Mongolia geosynclines region, Bulletin of Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (4), Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by No.2 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Zhinishan, 6 km northeast of Wunuer Station, Xiguitu Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For alternating beds of metamorphic siltstone, slate, siltstone and thin-grained quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of limestone and marls Mid Ordovician.

1402

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Zhitang Formation (/) Liu Hongyun, Sha Qing’an, 1963, in Contribution to Academic Reports of Na-

tional Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Western Zhejiang Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Zhitang village, Longyou County, Zhejiang Province For purplish red conglomerate, tuffaceous sandstone with interbeds of tuffite Sinian. Zhixitou Complex (%) Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yu Guohua ed.), 1996, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (33), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Zhejiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 126. First appeared in a 1994 manuscript by Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team Zhixitou in Qingtian County For migmatite Late Paleozoic. Zhongba Formation () Zhang Mingfa, Kang Peiquan, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xingren, Anlong Sheet Zhongba close to Shazigou, Zhenning County, Guizhou Province For dark gray, grayish black limestone with interbeds of flint limestone and marls, and with black silicalite in the base Early Carbonif-

erous. Zhongbao Group () No.1 Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongdeng Sheet Zhongbao valley, Yongdeng County, Gansu Province For clastic rocks, thin-bedded limestone, with volcanic lenticle occasionally Early-Mid Ordovician A group without any formations

deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Zhongbei Group (

) Wei Zhensheng, Tan Yueyan, 1983, Outline of Stratigraphy of Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (2), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2-3 Zhongbei in Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Zhongcao Formation () Compiling Group for Sichuan Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Southwest China: Sichuan Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhongcao close to Shuhe Township, Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of dark gray, grayish black sandy mudstone and siliceous crystalline limestone Mid-Late Silurian. Zhongchuan Formation () Shaanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Fenxian Sheet Zhongchuan in Gansu Province Mid Sil-

urian.

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Zhongcun Formation (1) ( 1) Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingjiang Sheet Zhongcun in Yueyang County, Hunan Province For purplish red, reddish brown calcareous gravel-bearing sandstone and mudstone, quartzose sandstone and calcareous and muddy siltstone, with interbeds of rudite Eocene Homonym: Zhongcun Formation (2). Zhongcun Formation (2) ( 2) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Yongning Sheet Zhongcun in Yongning County, Yunnan Province For some parts of strata within the Gangdagai Formation Early Permian Homonymous with Zhongcun Formation (1). Zhongdai Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yu Guohua ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (33), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Zhejiang Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 126. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by Chen Qishi Zhongdai, 36 km southwest of Jinhua County, Zhejiang Province For purplish red conglomerate, rudite with interbeds of mudstone Late Cretaceous. Zhongdai Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 213 Zhongdai in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Area, Zhejiang Province For yellow, brownish yellow gravel-bearing clay, ooze clay, rudite Pleistocene. Zhongfencun Formation (') Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Xuancheng Sheet, Guangde Sheet Zhongfencun in Fanchang County, Anhui Province For rhyolite, rhyolitic porphyry, magmatitc tuffite and agglomerate Late Jurassic.

Zhonggasheng Formation () Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.25], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 61. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team Zhonggasheng in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Mesoproterozoic. Zhonggou Formation (1) ( 1) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing

1404

Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

House. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Niu Shaowu Zhonggou close to Xiagou, Qingquan Township, Yumen City, Gansu Province For purplish red thick-bedded conglomerate with interbeds of muddy siltstone, with metamorphic parti-coloured clastic rocks Early Cretaceous Homonym: Zhonggou Formation (2). Zhonggou Formation (2) ( 2) Wang Zuoxun, 1982, Geologicla Review, 28(3): 247-249 Zhonggou in Luanchuan County, Henan Province For the component formation within the top of the local Taowan Group Proterozoic Homonymous with Zhonggou Formation (1).

Zhonghesi Marble () Sha Shaoli, 1988, 17(1): 1-16 Zhonghesi in Diancangshan, Dali City, Yunnan Province Dealing with the upper part of Dali Formation, for marble Pre-

Ordovician(?). Zhongjiangou Formation () Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Gansu Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.19], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 249. First appeared in a 1981 manuscript by No.145 Geology Team of Gansu Corporation of Coal Field Geological Exploration Zhongjiangou close to Hanxia Coal Mining, Yumen City, Gansu Province For dark grayish green siltstone, gray mudstone with interbeds of coal and conglomerate Mid Jurassic. Zhongjianliang Formation () Jin Chuntai, Wan Zhengquan, Ye Shaohua, et al., 1992, The Silurian System

in Districts of Guangyuan, Sichuan and Ningqiang, Shaanxi Provinces, Chengdu: Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press Zhongjianliang close to Chejiaba, Northwest Township, Chaotian, Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province For yellowish brown mudstone, silty mudstone and muddy siltstone, with interbeds of shelly limestone and sandy limestone Late Silurian Zhongjianliang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Zhongjiatu Formation () Lang Hongru, 1981, The Holocene of Zhejiang, in Proceedings of the Coastal Quaternary Zhongjiatu in Wen-Rui plain, Zhejiang Province For grayish yellow silty clay and ooze clay Holocene.

Zhongliangzi Formation () Compiling Group for Ningxia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Strati-

graphic Scale of Northwest China: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhongliangzi in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For dolomite Early Ordovician Homonym: Zhongliangzi Granulite.

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Zhongliangzi Granulitite (5.) Zhongliangzi Rock Formation Yin Guanghou, 1998, Yunnan Geology, 17(4): 17-26 Zhongliangzi close to Xuelongshan, Yunnan Province For granulitite with interbeds of amphibolites Homonymous with Zhongliangzi Formation. Zhongloupo Formation () Wang Shouyi, 1988, in Wu Tieshan, Xiao Suzhen, Wang Shouyi, 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Zhongloupo in Zhongzhuangpu Township, Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province Dealing with the component formation within the local Zhongzhuangpu Group, for light gray, grayish purple gravel beds with interbeds of purplish red sandy mudstone Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Zhonglv Group (:) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Quxian Sheet Zhonglv in Quxian County, Zhejiang Province For sandy and muddy flint Proterozoic.

Zhongning Formation () Pan Jiang, Wang Shitao, Gu Qichang, et al., 1980, Discovery of Devonian Bothriolepis and its significance in Zhongning, Ningxia, Acta Geologica Sinica, 54(3):176185 Zhongning County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For purplish red, dark grayish green and white quartzose sandstone and siltstone, with thin-bedded limestone occasionally Late Devonian Zhongning Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Zhongnong Formation () You Zaiping, 2000, The Sequence and Age of Kagong Group in Ziqu Drainage of

North Lancang River, in Editorial Committee of the Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 394-396 Zhongnong close to Leiwuqi Town, Leiwuqi County, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the component formation within the upper part of the Kagong Group, for grayish purple, purple, green and gray phyllite and metamorphic sandstone, with interbeds of coal seams and hematite Early Carboniferous. Zhongpeng Formation ( ) Liu Yaguang, 1980, Jiangxi Geology, (2); Revised by the author in 1993 [Regional Geology of China, (4)] as a lithostratigraphic unit Zhongpeng close to Xiashan, Yudu County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with the component formation within the middle part of the local original Hsiashan Sandstone (Series), for a sequence of alternating beds of purplish red fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and grayish green sandstone Late Devonian-Early carboniferous. Zhongshan Formation () Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Song Yongxiang, Zhang Zhongying, 1987, The Hanjiang Delta, Beijing: China Ocean Press Zhongshan County, Guangdong Province

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Holocene Synonymous with Henglan Formation.

Zhongshao Formation () No.2 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1970, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jinggan Sheet Zhongshao village, close to Qilubai, Mengzi County, Yunnan Province For dark gray limestone with muddy bands, with interbeds of yellow and white dolomitic slate Early Cambrian Syn-

onymous with Dazhai Member. Zhongshigong Formation (&) Liu Guangcai, Zhou Guangdi, 1980, Qinghai Geology, (1) Zhongshigong in Yangkang Township, Tianjun County, Qinghai Province For parti-coloured thickbedded siltstone and quartzose sandstone, with interbeds of gray shale occasionally Late Permian. Zhongshui Formation () Lin Shuji, 1992, in The Annals of Guizhou Province, Annals of Geology and Mineral Resources Zhongshui Basin, close to the boundary between Weining County, Guizhou Province and Zhaotong County, Yunnan Province For conglomerate, gravel-bearing sandstone, gravel-bearing clay stone, clay stone and sandy limestone Oligocene-Miocene New name of Gaobazi Formation. Zhongtuan Formation (@) Guangxi Reiginal Geological Survey Team, 1976, Explanatory Text for 1:500 000 Scale Geological Map of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Zhongtuan in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Cambrian.

Zhongwei Formation ()) Liu Zhicai, Zheng Zhaochang, Yang Fenqing, Zhang Sanhong, Shen Guanglong, 1983, A Namurian stratigraphical section of Jiaoyuchuan, Zhongwei, Ningxia, Journal of Stratigraphy, 7(2): 148-152 Zhongwei County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Dealing with a part within the Tupo Formation, for dark limestone with interbeds of calcareous shale and limestone lenticle Early Carboniferous Zhongwei Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with chronostratigraphic meaning. Zhongwo Formation ( ) No.1 Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Heqing Sheet Zhongwo in Heqing County, Yunnan Province For grayish black muddy limestone, oolitic limestone, with flint and aluminous shale Triassic. Zhongwunongshan Group (:) No.1 Qinghai Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Delinka Sheet Zhongwunongshan in Qinghai Province For gray, grayish green metamorphic clastic rocks with interbeds of limestone and volcanic rocks Late Carboniferous-Early Permian.

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Zhongxin Formation (&) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 471, table IV-7-1. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Nan Yi & Ma Guogan Zhongxinxu, Lianping County, Guangdong Province For brownish yellow quartz rudite, brownish red quartzose sandstone with interbeds of purplish red muddy siltstone, sandy shale and muddy limestone, with inferior coal occasionally Early Carboniferous. Zhongxinrong Group (') No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: DeYong Sheet Zhongxinrong in Sichuan Province Permian-Early or Mid Triassic. Zhongying Formation () Chengdu Institute of Geology and Yunnan Bureau of Geology, 1990, Late Cenozoic Geology and Sedimentary Evolution in Kunming Basin, Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Jiang Nengren Zhongying, northeast of Dianchi, Kunming City, Yunnan Province For alternating beds of grayish black, grayish green, brownish gray clay and muddy siltstone Pleistocene. Zhongzhuang Formation () Li Jijun et al., 1996, Science in China, D: Earth Sciences, 26(4): 316-322 Zhongzhuang in Linchuan County, Gansu Province For fluvial deposits Tertiary Zhongzhuang Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Zhongzhuangpu Group () Wang Shouyi, 1988, in Wu Tieshan, Xiao Suzhen, Wang Shouyi, 1988, Lithostratigraphic Classification of Sedimentary Stratigraphy of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team Zhongzhuangpu in Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province For the sum of Madiping Formation, Yangtouya Formation, Zhongloupo Formation and Wangjiagou Formation (2) Jurassic. Zhongzhuanzhan Formation (L) Liu Tungsheng, Cui Zhijiu, 1982, Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology in Mt. Xixiabangma Region, Scientific Expedition in Mt. Xixiabangma Region, Beijing: Science Press Zhongzhuanzhan close to Beiao, in the northern slope of Mt. Qomolungma, Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gravel Pleistocene. Zhoubei Formation () Yang Jingzhi et al., 1962, The Carboniferous of China, Beijing: Science Press, 10. First appeared in a manuscript by No.2 Element of Nanling Regional Geological Survey Team Zhoubei village, south of Wengyuan County, Guangdong Province For coal series with interbeds of limestone Early Carboniferous.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Zhouchongcun Formation () Compiling Group for Jiangsu and Shanghai Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1978, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of East China: Jiangsu Province and Shanghai Municipality, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.1 Jiangsu Geology Team Zhouchongcun close to Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province For limestone, dolomite, brecciated limestone and gypsum Mid Triassic. Zhoudigou Formation () Liaoning Bureau of Coal Management, 1965, Summary of Study for Kangping and Faku Coal-bearing Region, 2-8 Zhoudigou close to Faku Town, Liaoning Province For conglomerate, sandstone and shale Late Jurassic. Zhougang Formation () Xu Jiawei et al., 1965, Geology of East China, (6) Zhougang village in Quanjiao County, Anhui Province For yellowish green, grayish yellow sandy phyllite with interbeds of phyllitic arkose, sandstone and metamorphic sandstone Sinian. Zhougongshan Formation (1) ( 1) Zhougongshan Group No.328 Anhui Geology Team, 1961, Report of Study

of Cenozoic Stratigraphy of Hefei Depression, Anhui Province, Anhui Bureau of Geology Zhougongshan in Feixi County, Anhui Province For purplish red, grayish purple rudite and gravel-bearing quartzose sandstone Early Cretaceous Homonym: Zhougongshan Formation (2). Zhougongshan Formation (2) ( 2) Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 151 Zhougongshan in Feixi County, Anhui Province For the sum of the original Zhougongshan Formation (1) and the Yuantongshan Formation Mid Jurassic Homonymous with Zhougongshan Formation (1). Zhoujiafen Formation () Wu Genyao, 1986, Geological Review, 32(4): 350-358 Zhoujiafen in Sichuan Province Mesoproterozoic.

Zhoujiagou Formation (1) ( 1) Zhoujiagou Conglomerate Sun Dazhong, Shi Shimin, 1959, Acta Geologica Sinica, 39(3): 105-317 Zhoujiagou in Zhongtiaoshan Mountain, Shanxi Province For parti-coloured gravel beds Palaeoproterozoic Homonym: Zhoujiagou Formation (2); Homonymous with Chouchiakou Shale. Zhoujiagou Formation (2) ( 2) Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1972, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Lishi, Jingle Sheet Zhoujiagou in Fangshan County, Shanxi

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Province Dealing with the component formation within the Lvliang Group, for gneiss, schist and leptynite Archean Homonymous with Chouchiakou Shale and Zhoujiagou Formation (1). Zhoujiatun Formation () Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geol-

ogy of Heilongjiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.33], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 28 Zhoujiatun in Huanan County, Heilongjiang Province For gneiss, schist, leptynite and marble Mesoproterozoic. Zhoujiawaizi Sandstone Member () Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Yang Dexin, Li Xingyun ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (21), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Liaoning Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 31. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Liaoning Regional Geological Survey Team Zhoujiaweizi in Qiding Township, Jinzhou Region, Dalian City, Liaoning Province For the sandstone within the lower part of Xingmincun Formation Sinian. Zhoujiawan Formation (1) ( 1) Compiling Group for Central-South China Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1974, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Central-South China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1963 manuscript by No.1 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Zhoujiawan in Xinyang City, Henan Province For grayish white, brownish red conglomerate, gravel-bearing coarsegrained sandstone and siltstone Late Cretaceous Homonym: Zhoujiawan Formation (2). Zhoujiawan Formation (2) ( 2) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Qi Hua et al. Zhoujiawan in Kang County, Gansu Province Dealing with the component formation within the Donghe Group, for purplish red, yellowish green, grayish green and parti-coloured mudstone with interbeds of sandstone, rudite and conglomerate Early Cretaceous Homonymous with Zhoujiawan Formation (1). Zhoujiayuan Member () Zhoujiayuan Formation Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1984, Regional Geology of Jiangxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.2], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 260. First appeared in a 1978 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Zhoujiayuan in Huxu Township, Dongxiang County, Jiangxi Province For the component member within the Ehuling Formation Late Jurassic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Zhoujieshan Formation ('!) Wang Yunshan et al., 1980, Qonj Group of Northern Margin of Qaidam Basin,

in Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources ed., 1980, Research on Precambrian Geology, Sinian Suberathem in China, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 214-230 Zhoujieshan close to Da Qaidam, Qinghai Province For gravel-bearing dolomite, sandy dolomite, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone Early Cambrian. Zhoujingou Formation (") Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of

Shaanxi Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.13], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 260. First appeared in a 1976 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Zhoujingou close to Chongyang, Shanxian County, Henan Province For schist with interbeds of quartzite and leucogranulite Neoproterozoic. Zhouqu Formation () Zhai Yupei, 1977, Geological Science and Technology, (6) Zhouqu County, Gansu Province For metamorphic sandstone with interbeds of slate and silty phyllite; carbonaceous slate with interbeds of silicalite and limestone Mid Silurian.

Zhoushuicun Formation () Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geol-

ogy of Guangdong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.9], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 94. First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Zhoushuicun in Lian County, Gangdong Province Early Carboniferous. Zhoutan Group () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangrao Sheet Zhoutan in Yiyang County, Jiangxi Province For schist, gneiss and migmatite Mesoproterozoic.

Zhoutian Formation ( ) Sun Cunli et al., 1989, The Cretaceous Classification and Correlation of Jiangxi,

in Palaeontological Society of China ed., Proceedings of the Cretaceous Meeting of Southern China, Nanjing: Nanking University Press. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by Southern Jiangxi No.909 Geological Exploration Team Zhoutian Township, Huichang County, Jiangxi Province For parti-coloured siltstone and mudstone with interbeds of mirabilite, salt, gypsum and fine-grained sandstone, and with conglomerate and rudite locally Cretaceous.

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Zhouzha Formation () Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1982, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shangrao Sheet Zhouzha in Yiyang County, Jiangxi Province For gneiss, migmatite, leptynite, with interbeds of schist and amphibolites Mesoproterozoic. Zhuacun Formation () Pei W C, 1958 Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2(4) Zhuacun, south of Qian’an County, Hebei Province For gray fine-grained sandstone, with interbeds of gray, grayish green muddy siltstone and clay Pleistocene.

Zhualouhe Formation (;) Zhualouhe Beds Takuji Ogawa, 1899, Jap. Jour. Geol. Geogr., 10(114) Zhualouhe (today Balouhe) close to Zhujiawu, south of Zhangqiu County, Shandong Province For gravel Pliocene Synonym: Balouhe Formation. Zhuanghe Formation () Pollen and Spore Group of Guiyang Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1977, Science in China, (6): 603-610 Zhuanghe County, Liaoning Province For gray, blackish gray ooze peat, brownish yellow sandy clay Holocene. Zhuanghegou Formation () Jian Wanchou, Qiu Shuyu, 1990, Upper Precambrian Classification and Correlation of Southwestern Margin of North China Platform, Xi’an: Northwest University Press Zhuanghegou in Liquan County, Shaanxi Province For carbonate rocks Sinian. Zhuangwang Formation () Shanxi Regional Geological Survey Team, 1967, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Pingxingguan Sheet Zhuangwang Township in Fanshi County, Shanxi Province For the sum of Shifo Member (gneiss), Yangbaiyu Member (keratophyre) and Hongmenyan Member (keratophyre) Archean. Zhuangzhi Formation () Compiling Group for Heilongjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1979, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northeast China: Heilongjiang Province, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1974 manuscript by No.1 Heilongjiang Regional Geological Survey Team Zhuangzhi Township, Elunchun Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For grayish green rhyolitic porphyry and tuffite Mid Jurassic. Zhuangzigou Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Chen Gongxin, Jin Jingwei ed.), 1996, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (42), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hubei Province, Wuhan: China University of

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Geosciences Press, 89. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by No.5 Hubei Geology Team Zhuangzigou close to Yangjiabao, Danjiang City, Hubei Province For black carbonaceous sandstone and mudstone, slate Early Cambrian. Zhuangzili Formation () Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bengbu Sheet Zhuangzili in Anhui Province Dealing with the formation within the Wuhe Group, for leptynite, leucogranulite, marble, quartzite and schist Proterozoic. Zhuanmiao Formation ( ) Jiang Chunchao, 1975, Research on Geology and Mineral Resources, (Supplement), (4) Zhu-anmiao village in Jiapigou Township, Kuandian County, Liaoning Province Dealing with the component formation within the top of the Kuandian Group, for leptynite, leucogranulite with interbeds of schist and marble Palaoproterozoic. Zhuanqiangwan Formation ( %) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997, Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 24. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Tang Xiaoshan Zhuanqiangwan in Qianyang County, Hunan Province For grayish black, grayish green carbonaceous slate with interbeds of quartz greywacke Neoproterozoic. Zhuanqiao Formation (

)

No.317 Anhui Geology Team, 1969, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongling Sheet Zhuanqiao in Anhui Province For clastic rocks and andesite Late Jurassic.

Zhuanshigou Formation () Noda M, 1952, Geology and Mineral Resources of East Asia, vol.2. First appeared in a manuscript by Kihara B Zhuanshigou in Xinglong County, Hebei Province For the component formation within the lower part of the Liuhe Group, with basal conglomerate Late Carboniferous. Zhubidian Formation (1) (("  1) Zhupidian Formation Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 196, table I-123. First appeared in a 1962 manuscript by Intergrated Petroleum Geology Team, Ministry of Geology Zhubidian close to Niushan, Linju County, Shandong Province For a subdivision within the basal part of the local Guanzhuang Formation Eocene Synonym: Zhupidian Formation; Homonym: Zhubidian Formation (2).

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Zhubidian Formation (2) (("  2) i.e. Zhupidian Formation. Zhucangwu Formation () Zhucangwu Red Sandstone and Shale Formation Jiang Shengzhi, Cheng Xianyao, Ge Yan, 1963, in Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the-spot Meeting of Western Zhejiang Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Zhucangwu(misunderstanding of Zhucaowu) village, close to Linghu, northeast of Changshan County, Zhejiang Province For purple and parti-coloured shale and sandstone, with interbeds of conglomerate Early Carboniferous. Zhuchong Formation (() Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987, Regional Geology of Anhui Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.5], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 196, First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team Zhuchong in Tongling City, Anhui Province For gravel, rudite and gravel-bearing siltstone Pleistocene. Zhucun Formation () Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Zhejiang Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.11], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 153 Zhucun, 7.5 km east of Lishui County, Zhejiang Province Dealing with the component formation within the top of the Moshishan Group, for volcanic agglomerate breccia and purplish red muddy siltstone Early Cretaceous. Zhudundian Formation ((6 ) Jilin Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Dongjin ed.), 1997, Multi-

ple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (22), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Jilin Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 89. First appeared in a 1992 manuscript by Sun Daming & Wang Jinhai Zhudundian in Dunhua City, Jilin Province For gneiss, schist and marble Proterozoic. Zhufo’an Formation ()) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Liu’an, Lexi Sheet; Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Bengbu Sheet Zhufo’an in Huoshan County, Anhui Province For black quartz schist with interbeds of leptynite and quartzite Sinian-Devonian. Zhuganpo Member (+) Zhuganpo Limestone Wang Yu, Chen Chuzhen, Lu Linhuang, 1963, Contribution to Academic Reports of National Stratigraphic Conference: On-the spot Meeting of Southern Guizhou Stratigraphy, Beijing: Science Press Zhuganpo, 4 km

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

southwest of Yongning Town, Guanling County, Guizhou Province For gray thinbedded pure limestone and grayish white massive dolomite Mid Triassic. Zhugesi Formation ().) Zhu Weiyuan, 1988, Gansu Geology, (9): 16-28 Zhugesi in Gansu Province Mid Devonian.

Zhuguikeng Member (* ) Tong Yongsheng, Zhang Yuping, Wang Banyue, Ding Suyin, 1976, The Lower

Tertiary of the Nanxiong and Chijiang Basin, Vertebrata Palasiatica, 14(1): 1625 Zhuguikeng in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For the component member within the lower part of the Nongshan Formation Paleocene. Zhuhai Formation ( ) Li Pingri, Huang Zhenguo, Song Yongqiang, et al., 1987, The Delta of Hanjiang, Beijing: China Ocean Press Zhuhai Special Administrative Region, Gangdong Province Holocene.

Zhuishan Formation () Zhang Mingshu, Liu Jian, 1992, Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 12(1,2) Zhuishan in Shandong Province Holocene.

Zhuitun Formation (!) Hunan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1964, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Jishou Sheet Zhuitun in Fenghuang County, Hunan Province For dolomite Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician.

Zhuji Formation () ) Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1975, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Zhuji Sheet Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province Late Jurassic Homonymous with Chuchih Formation.

Zhuji Formation (() Southern Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, Beijing College of Geology,

1962, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Integrated Regional Geological Survey Zhuji in Gushi County, Henan Province For purplish red conglomerate, gray and yellow sandstone Mid Jurassic.

Zhujia Formation () Chen Siben, 1987, Regional Geology of China, 1987(2): 178-181. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Team Zhujia close to Qigong Town, Yiyang County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with the component

formation within the lower part of the Dengshan Group, for clastic rocks with interbeds of volcanic lava Neoproterozoic.

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Zhujia Member ()) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1988, Regional Geology of Hunan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.8], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 210 Zhujia close to Guanzishan, Leiyang County, Hunan Province For alternating beds of yellow shale and quartzite Early Triassic. Zhujiagou Formation (1) (( 1) Compiling Group for Gansu Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Gansu Province, Beijing Geological Publishing House Zhujiagou in Gansu Province Mid Devonian Homonym: Zhujiagou Formation (2). Zhujiagou Formation (2) (( 2) Chi Peixing, 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement. First appeared in a

1961 manuscript by No.1 Petroleum Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology Zhujiagou village in Changlu Township, Mengyin County, Shandong Province For gray, purplish gray mudstone with interbeds of muddy siltstone and conglomerate Oligocene Homonymous with Zhujiagou Formation (1).

Zhujiakuang Formation () Changchun College of Geology, 1961, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Penglai Sheet Zhujiakuang, 15 km southwest of Fushan District, Yantai City, Shandong Province For arkosic quartzite with interbeds of marble, leptynite, schist with interbeds of marble Archean. Zhuka Formation () No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1990, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Mangkang Sheet Zhuka, south of Zesong, Chaya County, Tibet Autonomous Region For volcanic rocks, volcanic clastic rocks and sandy slate Mid Triassic.

Zhuke Formation () Tang Wenquan, 1983, The study of the chemical composition and evolution law of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Zhejiang, Regional Geology of China, (6): 1530 Zhuke in Zhejiang Province For rhyolitic tuff with interbeds of lava and sedimentary rocks Late Jurassic. Zhulazhagamaodao Formation ( ) Compiling Group for Ningxia Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1980, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House. First appeared in a 1973 manuscript by Zheng Zhaochang Zhulazhagamaodao in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region For alternating beds of grayish green metamorphic sandstone, muddy limestone and siliceous slate Neoproterozoic.

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Zhulin’ao Formation () Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1990, Regional Geology of Hubei Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.20], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 8. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by Peking University Zhulin’ao in Sui County, Hubei Province For the part of metamorphic rocks within the local Yingshan Group Proterozoic. Zhulingou Formation () Li Kaoshe, Bai Shengli, Li Wansheng, 1995, Stratigraphic redivision of Kuanping Group and Qinling Group in the middle segment of the Eastern Qinling Mountain, Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources of North China, 10(1): 98-107 Zhulingou in Shangzhou County, Middle Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province Dealing with the component formation within the Xieyuguan Group, for metamorphic sandstone Proterozoic Synonymous with Wenjiashan Formation. Zhulongguan Group (( ) Gansu Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Qilianshan Sheet Zhulongguan in Qilianshan, Gansu Province For volcanic clastic rocks, metamorphic sandy and muddy clastic rocks Mesoproterozoic.

Zhulumute Formation (( ) Zhu Shida, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tuosite Sheet Zhulumute in Bukesaier County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For grayish green calcareous, muddy siltstone, carbonaceous mudstone, gravelbearing sandstone, rudite and volcanic lava Late Devonian. Zhumahansayi Formation ( ) No.5 Element of Xinjiang Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Moheer Sheet Zhumahansayi in Tekesi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Composed of phyllite, phyllitic siltstone with interbeds of muddy limestone, quartz schist and quartzite, with grayish green gneiss in the lower part Mesoproterozoic. Zhumapu Formation (*) Inner Mongolia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1973, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Liangsheng Sheet Zhumapu in Zuoyun County, Shanxi Province For red beds Late Cretaceous. Zhunbasitao Formation (") Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 126-127 Zhunbasitao in Eastern Junggar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Early Devonian.

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Zhuo’aoyou Diamictite ( #) Zhuo’aoyou Till Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 253. First appeared in a 1983 manuscript by Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources Mount Zhuo’aoyou in Dingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Quaternary. Zhuobu Formation ( ) Zhang Zhenggui, Chen Jirong, Yu Hongjun, 1985, Early Permian Stratigraphy and Characters of Biofauna of Xainza Area, Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (16), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zhuobu in Kangma County, Tibet Autonomous Region Early Permian. Zhuodi Formation ( ) Fujian Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Li Jianhai ed.), 1997, Mul-

tiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (35), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Fujian Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 23. First appeared in a 1991 manuscript by Fujian Regional Geological Survey Team Zhuodi village in Gekeng Township, Dehua County, Fujian Province For leptynite with interbeds of quartz schist and quartzite Archean. Zhuoga Group ( ) Wu Haoruo, 1984, Stratigraphy in Northern Tethys Himalaya Area, in Integrated Scientific Expedition Team to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ed., 1984, Stratigraphy of Tibet, Beijing: Science Press Zhuoga in Tibet Autonomous Region Triassic. Zhuogedong Formation ( ) No.3 Sichuan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1978, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Qamdo Sheet Zhuogedong in Mangkang County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray limestone and dolomitic limestone Late Devonian. Zhuomadingla Formation ( ) Zhuomading Formation Wang Naiwen, Liu Guifang, Chen Guoming, 1983, Research on Regional Geology of Yangzhuoyong cuo Area, South Tibet, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-20 Zhuomadingla (or Zhuomading) in Langkazi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For a part of strata classified according to the paleontology characters within the Yangzhuoyong Group Late Cretaceous Zhuomadingla Formation is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning. Zhuomubasitao Formation ( ) Li Tiande, Qin Dianxue, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Hongliuxia Sheet Zhuomubasitao in Balikun County, Xinjiang Uygur

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

Autonomous Region For calcareous sandstone and sandy limestone Mid Devonian. Zhuoni Formation ( ) Yin Hongfu, Yang Fengqing, et al., 1992, Triassic System in Qinling and Neighborhood, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press Zhuoni in Gansu Province Late Triassic.

Zhuowukuo Formation ( ) Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1991, Regional Geology of Sichuan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.23], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 123. First appeared in a 1982 manuscript by Northwest Sichuan Geology Team Zhuowukuo in Diebu County, Gansu Province For dark gray, grayish black siliceous slate, phyllite, with interbeds of sandstone and rudite Late Silurian. Zhuozijie Formation (#) Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.32], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 176 Zhuozijie close to Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dealing with the component formation within the lower part of the Cangfanggou Group, for dark purple conglomerate with interbeds of mudstone and sandstone Late Permian. Zhupidian Formation ( ) Zhubidian Formation Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,

1991, Regional Geology of Shandong Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.26], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 196, table I-12-3. First appeared in a 1961 manuscript by No.1 Petroleum Geology Team, Ministry of Geology Zhipidian (misunderstanding of Zhubidian) close to Niushan, Linju County, Shandong Province For a subdivision within the basal part of the local Wutu Formation Eocene Synonymous with Zhubidian Formation (1). Zhuquangou Formation () Zhuquangou Coal-bearing Beds Sugai K, 1942, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 49(585): 228-230 Zhuquangou close to Saima,Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province For coal series Mid Jurassic. Zhushan Formation (1) ( 1) Yunnan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1980, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Baoshan Sheet Zhushan in Changning County, Yunnan Province Eocene-Oligocene Homonym: Zhushan Formation (2); Synonymous with Mengla Formation.

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Zhushan Formation (2) ( 2) Heilongjiang Research Team of Mesozoic Coal-bearing Stratigraphy, 1986, Study of Longzhaogou Group and Its Correlation with the Jixi Group of Eastern Heilongjiang Province, Harbin: Heilongjiang Science and Technology Press Zhushan in Heilongjiang Province Late Jurassic Homonymous with Zhushan Formation (1). Zhushangang Member () Zhang Xianqiu, 1984, Division and Biota of the Luofozhai Group in the Pingling

Section of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong, Journal of Stratigraphy, 8(4): 239-254 Zhushangang in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For the component member within the lower part of the local Baoyue Formation Paleocene.

Zhushiling Formation (+) Division of Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rocks, Institute of Geology,

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Geology, 1962, The Precambrian of China, Beijing: Science Press, 25 Zhushiling in Mount Qinling, Shaanxi Province For quartzite, sandstone with interbeds of quartz porphyry, andesite, with conglomerate in the base Sinian. Zhusileng Formation () Zhang Yan, 1981, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 20(5). First appeared in a 1977 manuscript by Zheng Zhaochang, Zhou Zhiqiang, Zhang Yan, et al. Zhusileng in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For sandstone with interbeds of conglomerate Early Devonian.

Zhutian Formation ( ) Zhang Xianqiu, 1982, Notes of Geological Society of Guangdong, (2) Zhutian close to Dafeng, Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province For brownish red siltstone with interbeds of grayish green marls and siltstone and gravel-bearing sandstone Late Cretaceous.

Zhutougou Formation () Wang Deyou et al., 1987, Carboniferous and Early Permian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Henan, Beijing: China Prospect Press Zhutougou in Henan Province Early Permian.

Zhutoushan Formation (1) ( 1) Anhui Regional Geological Survey Team, 1977, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Nanjing Sheet Zhutoushan in Anhui Province Oligocene Homonym: Zhutoushan Formation (2). Zhutoushan Formation (2) ( 2) Zheng Jinping, Xiang Jun, et al., 1989, Salt Lake of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Beijing: Science and Technology Press Zhutoushan in Lunpola Basin, Tibet Au-

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Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000)

tonomous Region For grayish red calcareous gravel-bearing sandstone Pleistocene Homonymous with Zhutoushan Formation (1). Zhuwo Formation () Zhao Jinke, Chen Chuzhen, Wang Yigang, et al., 1982, Problems of Marine

Triassic Stratigraphic Classification and Correlation of China, in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ed., 1982, Stratigraphic Correlation Chart in China with Explanatory Text, Beijing: Science Press, 203, table 4. First appeared in a 1975 manuscript by Sichuan Bureau of Geology Zhuwo Area in Luhuo County, Sichuan Province For alternating beds of dark gray metamorphic feldspathic quartzose sandstone, fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, sandy slate and carbonaceous slate Late Triassic. Zhuxi Diamictite ( ) Zhuxi Till Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993, Regional Geology of Tibet Autonomous Region [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.31], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 259. First appeared in a 1980 manuscript by No.8 Element of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Geological Survey Team, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources Zhuxi close to Qingduo, Bomi County, Tibet Autonomous Region For diamictite Pleistocene.

Zhuxijiang Formation ( ) Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Zhang Chuncheng ed.), 1997,

Multiple Classification and Correlation of the Stratigraphy of China (43), Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hunan Province, Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 107. First appeared in a 1988 manuscript by Luo Haiyan & Huang Weipei Zhuxijiang close to Shatan, Xupu County, Hunan Province Dealing with the component formation within the upper part of Zhoujiaxi Group, for grayish green or dark green slate, metamorphic siltstone Early Silurian. Zhuyangguan Formation (( ) Xi Wenxiang, Ba Guangjin, Kang Jinfa, 1994, The Establishment of the Zhuyang-

guan Formation, Regional Geology of China, (Quarterly), no.4 (serial no.51), 298300 Zhuyangguan in Lushi County, Henan Province For purplish red, rice yellow, gray conglomerate, rudite, with interbeds of purlish red shale Late Cretaceous. Zhuyuan Member () Cai Peirong, Zheng Xuejie, Chen Lie, 1979, On the Age of the Menkoushan Formation from Xinyu, Jiangxi, Acta Stratigraphica Sinica, 3(4): 312-316 Zhuyuan in Xinyu County, Jiangxi Province Dealing with the component member within

the lower part of the Menkoushan Formation, for grayish white quartzose sandstone early Jurassic.

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Zhuyuangou Formation () Yan Lianquan, 1959, Geological Monthly, (11) Zhuyuangou in the northern slope of Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province For siliceous limestone, dolomitic limestone with interbeds of marble, black schist, quartzite and andesite Proterozoic. Zhuzhangzi Group ((%) No.2 Hebei Regional Geological Survey Team, 1974, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Shanhaiguan Sheet Zhuzhangzi in Qinglong County, Hebei Province For leptynite, schist and magnetite quartzite Archean. Zibo Group () Liu Mingwei et al., 1994, Geology of Shandong, (10), supplement Zibo City, Shandong Province For parti-coloured sandstone, shale, clay stone and rudite, with interbeds of coal seams Jurassic. Zifatang Formation (" ) Liu Zuhan, 1987, Geological Review, 33(5): 462-467 Zifatang in Hunan Province For black silicalite Mid-Late Devonian Synonymous with Liuchiang Formation. Zijiapu Group () Tibet Integrated Geological Survey Team, 1979, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Lhasa Sheet Zijiapu in Qinghai Province Carboniferous A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Ziluoshan Formation (#) Ziluoshan Conglomerate Beds Yan Lianquan, Han Yingshan, 1952, Report of

Geology and Mineral Resources of Western Henan, Kaifeng Department of Geological Survey of Central-South Ziluoshan in Yiyang County, western Henan Province For red quartzitic sandstone with basal conglomerate Presinian. Zimugou Formation (?) Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989, Regional Geology of Henan Province [Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People’s Republic of China, (1)Regional Geology, no.17], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 105. First appeared in a 1968 manuscript by No.8 Element of Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Zimugou close to Miping, Xixia County, Henan Province For gray siliceous marble Sinian. Ziniquanzi Formation () Compiling Group for Xinjiang Regional Stratigraphic Scale, 1981, Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Northwest China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Ziniquanzi in Manasi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region For purplish red, brownish red sandy mudstone with interbeds of grayish red sandstone, and with conglomerate in the base Paleocene.

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Ziqiu Formation () Xu Shouyong, Yang Deli, 1987, Characters of Early Carboniferous Biostratigraphy in Central-South Region, in Proceedings of National Carboniferous Conference, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 21-46 Ziqiu Township, Changyang County, Hubei Province For silty mudstone, sandstone, with interbeds of coal seams Early Carboniferous. Zitai Formation () Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 1974, Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwestern China, Beijing: Science Press Zitai close to Heshui, Yinjiang County, Guizhou Province For purplish red marls and limestone, with interbeds of grayish green shale Early Ordovician. Ziyang Formation () Du Hengjian, Chen Huahui, Cao Boxun, 1981, Geomorphology and Quaternary Geology, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Ziyang County, Sichuan Province For clayey sand, sandy clay and rudite beds Holocene.

Ziyun Formation () No.108 Team of Guizhou Bureau of Geology, 1966, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Luodian Sheet Ziyun County, Guizhou Province For

gray, dark gray, pink thin-bedded limestone with brecciated limestone and siliceous mudstone Early Triassic. Zongbieli Group (!) Ningxia Regional Geological Survey Team, 1981, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map:Shizuishan City Sheet Zongbieli Sum Township, Alxa Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Sinian A group without any formations deviates the procedures of stratigraphical classification. Zonggu Formation () Zhao Jinxi et al., 1986, in Hao Yichun et al., 1986, Stratigraphy of China (12), Cretaceous of China, Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zonggucun in eastern Laoranqu valley, Mangkang County, Tibet Autonomous Region For alternating beds of brownish red conglomerate and sandstone Late Cretaceous. Zongkaba Formation () Han Tonglin et al., 1983, On the Shading Slate Series, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zongkaba in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Cretaceous. Zongshan Formation () Mu Enzhi et al., 1973, Science in China, D: Earth Sciences, (1) Zongshan in Kangpa Zong, Tibet Autonomous Region Dealing with the cliff limestone of Haydenn (1907), for gray limestone, calcareous shale with interbeds of marls Late Cretaceous.

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Zongxiongqu Formation () Han Tonglin et al., 1983, On the Shading Slate Series, in Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, (3), Beijing: Geological Publishing House Zongxiongqu in Tibet Autonomous Region Early Cretaceous. Zoumaling Formation ($) Wang Zhen, 1987, Early Tertiary Charia in Jiang-Han Basin, Chihkan of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, (9): 101-128 Zoumaling in Jiang-Han Basin, Hubei Province Paleocene. Zuitou Diamictite () Zuitou Till Liu Youmin, Wang Guizeng, 1982, Research on Glacial Geology of Qinling Mountain Area Zuitou Town in Taibai Basin, Shaanxi Province For brownish red muddy gravel beds Pleistocene. Zunhua Group ( ) Tan Yingjia, Li Shunxian, Zhao Wenxia, 1983, Earth Science, (3) Zunhua County, Hebei Province For amphibolites and leptynite Archean.

Zuoba Formation (%) No.3 Yunnan Geology Team, 1995, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Songleng Sheet, Zhuwagen Sheet Zuoba in Raojin Township, Zuogong County, Tibet Autonomous Region For gray bioclastic limestone, oolitic limestone with interbeds of mica slate, quartzose sandstone, and with dolomite in the upper part Early Carboniferous. Zuogong Formation (%) Zou Chengjing, Han Zizhang, 1985, Tibet Geology, (1) Zuogong County, Tibet autonomous Region For clastic rocks with interbeds of limestone and volcanic rocks Late Triassic. Zuolaozhuang Formation (%) Henan Regional Geological Survey Team, 1968, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Tongbai Sheet Zuolaozhuang in Tongbai County, Henan Province Dealing with the formation within the Maoji Group, for gneiss, schist and migmatite Palaeoproterozoic. Zuoqu Formation () Beijing College of Geology, 1965, Explanatory Text for 1:200 000 Scale Geological Map: Neixiang Sheet Zuoqu Township, 20 km southwest of Neixiang County, Henan Province For grayish green basalt, purplish red tuffite, tuffaceous sandstone, volcanic breccia with interbeds of limestone Early Ordovician. Zuoshitu Formation () No.132 Qinghai Coal Field Geology Team, 1985, Explanatory Text for 1:100 000 Scale Coal Field Geological Map of Xining City, Qinghai Province Zuoshitu in

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Datong County, Qinghai Province For gray, grayish yellow sandstone, siltstone, lateritic red sandstone, hematite and coal seams Mid Jurassic. Zuosuo Formation (%) Chen Dingchang, 1983, Yunnan Geology, 2(3): 219-226 Zuosuo in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province Early Triassic.

Zuozuo Formation (%%) Tibet Regional Geological Survey Team, 1987, Explanatory Text for 1:1 000 000 Scale Geological Map: Ritu Sheet Zuozuo in Ritu County, Tibet Autonomous Region Late Permian. Zusailing Formation (&) Chen Zhepei, 1987, Discovery of the Silurian Strata in the Nanhao Region of the Hainan Island, Journal of Stratigraphy, 11(3): 230-233 Zusailing close to Nanhao village, Baoting County, Hainan Province For phyllite, carbonaceous phyllite with interbeds of crystalline limestone Late Silurian. Zushimiao Group (2) Yang Jialu, 1988, Earth Science, 13(95): 473-480. First appeared in a 1985 manuscript by Henan Regional Geological Survey Team Zushimiao in Xiuzi valley, Shengwan Township, Xichuan County, Henan province For carbonaceous and siliceous slate with interbeds of coal seams Early-Mid Cambrian Zushimiao

Group is the form of lithostratigraphic unit with non-lithostratigraphic meaning.