Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

James B. Crippin

Forensic Science Techniques Series

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Forensic Science Techniques Series Series Editors Jose R. Almirall Florida International University Miami, Florida and Kenneth G. Furton Florida International University Miami, Florida Analysis and Interpretation of Fire Scene Evidence, by Jose R. Almirall and Kenneth G. Furton Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification, by James B. Crippin

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification James B. Crippin

Boca Raton London New York

A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.

Published in 2006 by CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-3338-5 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-3338-5 (Hardcover) Library of Congress Card Number 2005049657 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC) 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Crippin, James B. Explosives and chemical weapons identification / James B. Crippin. p. cm. ISBN 0-8493-3338-5 1. Explosives--Identification. 2. Chemical weapons--Identification. 3. Chemistry--Nomenclature. I. Title. UF860.C75 2005 623.4'52--dc22

2005049657

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Foreword and Dedication

I have thought long and hard about this book. This book was not created to make money. It was created to save lives — the lives of first responders and the people they have dedicated their lives to protect, the general public. What is a first responder? It is a phrase often mentioned in the press but rarely defined. First responders are just that, the first on the site of an incident. They can be anyone, and more often than not, they are handicapped with too little knowledge and inadequate equipment. This book is based on software that another first responder and I developed to help alleviate these problems. It offers first responders a resource to pull out and consult very quickly that may completely change how a response proceeds. Chemicals are a part of everyday life and can be found all around us. Many common chemicals, when mixed improperly (intentionally or not), can have serious implications for those who come into contact with them or are in their vicinity. This book is designed to give the user the ablility to quickly identify what type of explosive or chemical weapon could possibly be the focus of an investigation and what types of chemicals might be involved. It cannot be used to help manufacture these items. It is merely a tool for law enforcement to use in the war on terrorism and other types of criminal activities. I dedicate this book to those who “step in it” first: The First Responder: Our First Line of Defense. They are always the first in and generally the last out. I know; I have been there myself. James B. Crippin

v

The Author

James B. Crippin is the director of the Western Forensic Law Enforcement Training Center. He set up this training center in February 2002. It is a federally-funded facility devoted to updating and training law enforcement and private corporations in the area of explosive investigation and analysis, first responder safety, WMD response, general crime scene investigation and response, and other areas of forensic science. Additionally, this facility provides forensic casework in the area of trace analysis for the state of Colorado, as well as other areas of the U.S. The training center and forensic lab are located on the campus of Colorado State University–Pueblo. Crippin first started his career in forensics in 1977 and still is extremely active in the field of forensic science. From August 1978 to August 1984, he served as forensic chemist with the Missouri State Highway Patrol system. In August 1984 he was promoted to laboratory supervisor of the St. Joseph, Missouri, Troop H laboratory. During his tenure with the Missouri State Highway Patrol, he was responsible for working all of the explosive incidents in the state. Crippin resigned from the Missouri State Highway Patrol in August 1988 and became a commissioned agent with the Colorado Bureau of Investigation. He was assigned to the Pueblo office laboratory. While an agent with the Colorado Bureau of Investigation, Crippin was involved in many of the agency’s most notable cases. In 1988–1989, he worked one of the first recorded terrorist cases in Colorado—the Al Fuqra bombings. In 1998 he spent 16 days in body armor pursuing three survivalists who had machine-gunned a city police officer to death. During this 16-day response, he assisted in the recovery of numerous explosive devices and helped process many of 20 separate crime scenes. In 1999, Crippin was one of the crime scene team leaders who entered and processed Columbine High School. During that time his team was responsible for processing all areas where explosive devices had been used and, several days into the processing, was one of the individuals who discovered a large duffel bag explosive device that had not functioned. In 2001, during the Arkansas River Canyon shootings, his crime scene team helped process over 16 crime scenes in 3 days. In February 2002, Crippin resigned from the Colorado Bureau of Investigation to form the Western Forensic Law Enforcement Training Center vii

viii

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

(WFLETC). From February 2002 to the present time, he has helped develop explosive analysis programs and train personnel for the Georgia Bureau of Investigation, Tucson Police Department, and the Texas Department of Public Safety. He also has provided forensic analysis in various areas for both private companies and corporations, and law enforcement agencies. Also during this time, Crippin became one of the primary instructors at the Weapons of Mass Destruction School located at the Emergency Response Training Center in Pueblo, Colorado. This school has trained over 125 students from both private industry and law enforcement agencies throughout the U.S. and abroad. Additionally, Crippin is actively involved with Colorado State University– Pueblo’s efforts to start a forensic degree program. He helps teach classes in forensics and has been appointed as the director of the new forensic analysis laboratory being set up on campus. This is the culmination of a 4-year effort by Crippin and the current dean of science and mathematics, Dr. Kristina Proctor. Crippin’s duties at the campus laboratory included both the complete setup of the facility and actual analysis of evidence. The WFLETC has been in operation since August 2003 and is seeing an ever-increasing caseload of evidence and training requests. Crippin has been very active in forensics his entire career and continues to be. He is a member of the following professional associations: Southwestern Association of Forensic Scientist (SWAFS), Midwestern Association of Forensic Scientists (MAFS), Southern Association of Forensic Scientists (SAFS), American Academy of Forensic Science (AAFS), Technical Working Group For Fire and Explosions (TWGFEX), International Association for Microanalysis (IAMA), International Association of Bomb Technicians and Investigators (IABTI), Colorado Springs Multi-Agency Terrorism Task Force (MATT), and Southeastern Colorado Law Enforcement Association (SECLEA). He has also been on the board of directors of both MAFS and SWAFS, and was president and chairman of the board for SWAFS. Currently, he is serving a second term on the executive committee of TWGFEX. Recently, he was elected chairman of TWGFEX and also sits on the board of directors of IAMA. He also is on the training and education committee for MAFS. During his forensic career, Crippin has taught more than 60 classes in various areas of forensic science, including drug analysis, explosive analysis, and arson analysis. He also has given numerous classes for law enforcement personnel in the areas of crime scene response, weapons of mass destruction, and explosives recognition and booby-trap recognition and avoidance. He has published 8 papers in professional journals and has presented 25 papers at professional meetings. Crippin graduated from Missouri Western State College in St. Joseph, Missouri, in 1977 with a bachelor of science degree in biology.

Table of Contents

Foreword and Dedication The Author

v vii

1

Chemical Compounds, Part 1

1

2

Chemical Compounds, Part 2

29

3

Chemical Compounds, Part 3

55

4

Ingredients

83

5

Synonyms

107

6

Explosives

121

7

Chemical Weapons

141

8

Incendiaries

147

9

Propellants

151

10

Explosive Precursors

153

11

Pyrotechnic Ingredients

155

12

Uses

159

Glossary

179

ix

x

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Appendix A: Chemical Structures

187

Appendix B: Illustrations

241

Bibliography

263

Index

265

Chemical Compounds, Part 1

1

1

Ammonium picrate Ammonium picrate

Explosive D

Ammonium 2-amino4,6-dinitrophenolate, Ammonium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate

Yes Yes

Yes No Yes

Ammonium nitrate Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium picramate

Yes Yes Yes No Yes

No

Explosive Yes Yes No

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Synonyms Ammonium chlorate Ammonium chlorate Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrocyanic acid, Prussic acid, Blausaure Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrocyanic acid, Prussic acid, Blausaure 4,Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl nitrate 4,Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl acetate 7-Amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan

Ammonium azide Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate

ADBN ADNB ADNBF Aluminum Amatol

AC

AC AC AC

Common Name

No No

No No No

No No No No No

No No No No No

Yes

Chemical Warfare Agent No No Yes

Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge castable explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Fuel Secondary high explosive, Mixture of TNT and Ammonium nitrate, Military explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Low explosive, Primary ingredient in many types of commercial blasting materials (i.e., ANFO, dynamite, etc.) Oxidizer Oxidizer Primary high explosive

Blood agent, Extreme poison

Use Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Blood agent, Extreme poison

2 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

BC

Azidoethyl Barium carbonate Barium chlorate Barium nitrate Barium oxalate Barium styphnate BBC

Ammonpulver AND AND AND ANFO A-NPNT ANS Anthracene Antimony Antimony trisulfide APC APC Arsine AS-20 Astrolite

Ammonium tri-iodide

Bromobenzylcyanide, Camite, aBromobenzeneacetonitrile, a-Bromo-atolunitrile Cyanogen bromide, Bromide cyanide

Tris(2-azidoethyl)amine

Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium perchlorate Arsenic hydride, Hydrogen arsenide Distilled arsine, Phenylarsine, Diphenylarsine

Ammonium dinitramide Ammonium dinitramide Ammonium dinitramide Binary explosive 4-Amino-N,2,3,5,6-pentanitrotoluene ANS

Fly mines, Nitrogen tri-iodide

No

Yes No No No No Yes No

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Yes

Yes

Yes

No No No No No No Yes

No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No

No

Violent irritant (continued)

Primary high explosive, Impact-sensitive material Early form of black powder Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive Smoke ingredient Fuel Fuel Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Blood agent Blister agent Secondary high explosive, Binary high explosive, Mixture of hydrazine, aluminum, and ammonium nitrate Secondary high explosive Coloring agent Oxidizer coloring agent Oxidizer coloring agent Coloring agent Primary high explosive Lachrymatory agent, Severe irritant

Chemical Compounds, Part 1 3

CA Calcium carbonate Calcium oxalate Carbon black CDNTA CE

CA CA

Lampblack 3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazole copper salt Cast explosive

No No No No Yes Yes

No No

No No

Boric acid Bromopicrin

Nitrobromoform, Bromoacquinite, Tribromonitromethane, Picfume bromide Chloroacetone, 1-Chloro-2-propanone Cyanogen, Ethanedinitrile, Dicyan, Oxalic acid dinitrile, Dicyanide Chloroacetone, 1-Chloro-2-propanone

No

Black smoke

Yes No

Explosive No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No

Gunpowder

Synonyms Cyanogen bromide, Bromide cyanide 1-Bromo-2-propanone Biguanide diperchlorate Bis(1,3-diazido-2-propyl)formal Binary explosive Binary explosive Gunpowder

Black smoke

Black Powder Black smoke

BC BC BDC BDPF BE BE Black Powder

Common Name

Yes No No No No No

Yes Yes

No Yes

No

No

No No

Chemical Warfare Agent Yes Yes No No No No No

Lachrymatory agent Stabilizers Coloring agent Fuel Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Lachrymatory agent Blood agent, Extreme poison

Use Violent irritant Lachrymatory agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant Low explosive, IED filler Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Black smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Black smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Stabilizers Lachrymatory agent

4 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

CNTA

CK CK Clay CN

Chlorosarin

Chloropicrin

Chlorine gas Chloropicrin

Chemical agent 4-692530-02

Chemical agent 4-692530-01

Chemical agent 4-686293-02

CE CE CE Charcoal Chemical agent 4-686293-01

Chloroacetophenone, Mace, 2-Chloro-1phenylethanone, 2-Chloroacetophenone 5-Nitroterazole copper salt

Nitrochloroform, Acquinite, Trichloronitromethane, Picfume Nitrochloroform, Acquinite, Trichloronitromethane, Picfume ClCB, Isopropylmethylphosphonochloridat, Isopropoxymethylphosphoryl chloride Cyanogen chloride, Chloride cyanide Cyanogen chloride, Chloride cyanide

Agent 1-10,1,10-bis[(3-dimethylcarbamoxya-picolinyl)ethylamino]decane dimethobromide 1/2 hydrate Agent 1-8, 1,8-bis[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)ethylamino]octane dimethobromide monohydrate Bis{a-[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)pyrrolidinio]}-4,4′biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate Bis{a-[(3-dimethylcarbamoxyphenyl)methylamino]}-4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate

Cast explosive Cast explosive Cast explosive

Yes

No No No No

No

No

No

Yes Yes No Yes

Yes

No

Yes Yes

Yes

No

No No

Yes

Yes

No No No No Yes

No

No

Yes Yes Yes No No

Primary high explosive

Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Insulator Severe irritant

Nerve agent

Lachrymatory agent

Poison gas used in WW I Lachrymatory agent

Experimental chemical agent

Experimental chemical agent

Experimental chemical agent

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Fuel Experimental chemical agent

(continued)

Chemical Compounds, Part 1 5

Diphenylchloroarsine 1,3-Diazido-2-nitrazapropane 1,3-Diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 5-Carboxy-1,3-diamino-2,4,6trinitrobenzene 1,1-Dichloro-2-propanone, 1,1Dichloroacetone 5,7-Dintiro-5,7-diaza-1,3dioxabicyclooctane-2-one

DA DANP DATB DATBA

DDD

DCA

RDX, C4

o-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile, B,B-Dicyanoo-chlorostyrene, o-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile Phosgene oxime, Dichlorofirmoxime, Hornet gas, Nettle gas RDX, C4

Synonyms

Cyclonite

Cyclonite

CX

Common Name Comp C-1 Copper Copper acetanarsenate Copper azide Copper carbonate Copper chloride Copper fulminate Copper oxide Cryolite CS

Yes

No

No Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Explosive Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No No

No

Yes

Yes No No No

No

No

Yes

Chemical Warfare Agent No No No No No No No No No Yes

Secondary high explosive

Severe irritant

Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Lachrymatory agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Blister agent

Use Secondary high explosive, Plastic explosive Coloring agent Coloring agent Primary high explosive Coloring agent Coloring agent Primary high explosive Coloring agent Coloring agent Severe irritant

6 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

DMMD DNAN DNAT DNB DNFA-P DNP DNP DNPU DNR DPT Dynamite

DDNP DDNP Dextrin DIANP Diazodinitrophenol Diazodinitrophenol Diazodinitrophenol DIM DINA DINA DINA DITN DM

1,5-Diazido-3-nitrazapentane 4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol 4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol 4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol Diimine, N,N′-bis-Isopropylethylenediimine Dintroxydiethylnitramine Dintroxydiethylnitramine Dintroxydiethylnitramine Diisopropylamine trinatrate Adamsite, Phenarsazine chloride, Diphenylaminechloroarsine,10-chloro5,10-dihydrophenarsazine 2,4-Dinitro-2,4-diazapentane Dintroxydiethylamine nitrate 1,1′-Dintro-3,3-azo-1,2,4-triazole 4,4-Dinitro-1-butanol 1,4-Dinitrofurazano piperazine 2,4-Dinitrophenol Lead picrate 2,4-Dinitrophenylurea 4,6-Dinitroresorcinol Methylenedinitrotetraazacyclooctane

Diazodinitrophenol Diazodinitrophenol

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No

No No No No No No No No No No No

No No No No No No No Yes No No No No Yes

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations

Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Binder Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Severe irritant Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Vomiting agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 1 7

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

ED ED

Ethyldichloroarsine Ethyldichloroarsine

Yes

Dynamite

Explosive Yes Yes

Synonyms

Dynamite

Common Name Dynamite

Yes Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Chemical Warfare Agent No Use Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Blister agent Blister agent

8 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Flash comp

Flash comp

Flash comp

Flash comp

Flash comp

Flash powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Yes

Flash comp

Homemade napalm

Yes Yes No No Yes

Erythritol tetranitrate Flash incendiary

ETN FI Fire bricks Fire gel Flash comp

No

Yes Yes

Yes

Ethylenediamine dinitrate N,N′-di-2-Ethanolethylenediamine tetranitrate Nitroglycol, Ethylene glycol dinitrate

Emulsion explosive

EGDN

EDDN EDT

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No No No No No

No

No

No No

(continued)

Replaced nitroglyercin as “main” component in dynamites Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations, “Gelled” explosive Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature incendiary “Underground” literature incendiary Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Chemical Compounds, Part 1 9

Synonyms Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Common Name Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Explosive Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Chemical Warfare Agent No Use Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks

10 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Fluorotabun hydrochloride, Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl fluoride-hydrochloride, N-Dimethylphosphoramidofluoridatehydrochloride 1,3,5-Trifluoro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Tabun, Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, Dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

FTH

F-TNB GA

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Flash powder

Yes No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Secondary high explosive Nerve agent (continued)

Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Nerve agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 1 11

GBI

GBI

GBE

GBE

GB

Gallic acid GB

GAA

GAA

GA

Common Name

Sarin, Trilon 46, Isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylmethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin, Trilon 46, Isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylmethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-ethyl, Sarin-II, Isopropylethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-ethyl, Sarin-II, Isopropylethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-isopropyl, Sarin-III, Isopropyl-2propylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropoxy-2propylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-isopropyl, Sarin-III, Isopropyl-2propylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropoxy-2propylphosphoryl fluoride

Synonyms Tabun, Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, Dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate Tabun-II, Diethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, N-Diethylphosphoramidocyanidate Thiotabun, Dimethylamidoethoxythiophosphorus cyanide, NDiethylthiophosphoroamidocyanidate

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

No Yes

Yes

No

No No

Yes

Chemical Warfare Agent Yes

No

Explosive No

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Binder Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Use

12 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Yes

GF

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

Cyclosarin, o-Cyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate, CMPF Cyclosarin, o-Cyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate, CMPF

Yes

No

GF

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

Soman, Trilon, Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, 1,2,2-Tri-methylpropyl ester Soman, Trilon, Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, 1,2,2-Tri-methylpropyl ester Soman, Trilon, Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, 1,2,2-Tri-methylpropyl ester Chlorosoman, Chlorotrilon, Pinacolyl methylchlorophosphorusfluoridate, Methylchlorophosphorusfluoridic acid, 1,3-Tri-methylpropyl ester Thiosoman, Thiotrilon, Pinacolyl methylthiophosphorusfluoridate, Methylthiophosphorusfluoridic acid, 1,3-Tri-methylpropyl ester

Gelatin explosive

GDS

GDCl

GD

GD

GD

Nerve agent

(continued)

Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 1 13

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

No Yes Yes

No

Explosive No

Yes

Hexanitrobibenzyl

Thiosarin, Sulfur sarin, Isopropylethylthiophosphorusfluoridate, Isopropylethylthiophosphorus fluoride, o-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridothioate

Synonyms

HE mix

Gum arabic HBN HE mix

GS

Common Name Green smoke

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No No No

Yes

Chemical Warfare Agent No

Binder Secondary high explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive

Use Green smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Nerve agent

14 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Octagen, Tetranitro-tetraazacyclooctane

Octagen, Tetranitro-tetraazacyclooctane

N-Ethyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl) amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)ethanamine, 2,2′,-dichlorodiethylamine N-Ethyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl) amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)ethanamine, 2,2′,-dichlorodiethylamine N-Methyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)methamine, 2,2′-dichlorodiethylmethylamine

HMX

HMX

HN1

HN2

HN1

Methenamine Sorbitol hexanitrate Hexanitrobibenzyl Mercury nitrotetrazole Hexamethylenetriperoxide diamine

2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitrodiphenylmethane

Hexachlorobenzene Hexachloromethane Hexaditon Hexamethylenetetramine dinitrate Hexamine Hexanitrate Hexol HGNTA HMTD

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

No No No No No

No No No No

No

No

Yes

Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No No Yes Yes

Blister agent

Blister agent

(continued)

Color enhancer Smoke ingredient Secondary high explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Used to make C4-like compounds Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Originally developed as a military propellant, Used by terrorists as main charge Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in “Shock Tube” (i.e., Nonel) Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in “Shock Tube” (i.e., Nonel) Blister agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 1 15

HNH-3 HNIW HNS HNS HNTCAB HTH Hydrogen gas Hydrogen gas

HNF

HNBP HNF

HN4

HN4

HN3

HN3

Common Name HN2

Synonyms N-Methyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)methamine, 2,2′-dichlorodiethylmethylamine Tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine, 2-Chloro-N,Nbis(2-chloroethyl)-ethaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotriethylamine Tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine, 2-ChloroN,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)ethaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotriethylamine Tris(beta-chlorobutyl)amine, 2-ChloroN,N-bis(2-chlorobutyl)butaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotributylamine Tris(beta-chlorobutyl)amine, 2-ChloroN,N-bis(2-chlorobutyl)butaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotributylamine Hexanitrobiphenyl Hydrazine nitroform, Hydrazinium nitroformate Hydrazine nitroform, Hydrazinium nitroformate 1,1,1,6,6,6-Hexanitrohexyne-3 Hexanitro-hexaazaisowurtzane Hexanitrostilbene Hexanitrostilbene Hexanitrotetrachloroazobenzene Calcium hypochlorite Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Yes

No No No No No No No No

No

No No

Yes

No

Yes Yes

Chemical Warfare Agent Yes

Explosive No

Use

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Produces high-temperature thermal effects Fuel/air explosive component Fuel/air explosive component

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

16 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Improvised ANFO Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Poor man’s C4 Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

IEM

IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM

No No No No No No No No No No No No No No

No

No No No No No No No No No No No

(continued)

Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive

Chemical Compounds, Part 1 17

Lead picrate Lead styphnate Lead styphnate Lead-TNP Lewisite

Inositol nitrate Iron KND KND KNF Lead azide Lead azide

IEM IEM IEM IEM IIVX

IEM

Common Name

2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-phenolate 2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-II-resorcinate 2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-II-resorcinate Trinitrophloroglucinol lead salt 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine, 2Chloroethenyl arsenous dichloride, Chlorovinylarsine dichloride

Potassium dinitramide Potassium dinitramide Potassium nitroform

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised ANFO Improvised explosive mixture Sub-VX,S-(2-dimethylaminomethyl)o-ethyl methylphosphonothiolate, o-ethyl S-[2-(dimethylamino)methyl]methylphosphonothioate Inositol hexanitrate

Synonyms

Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Explosive No

No No No No Yes

No No No No No No No

No No No No Yes

Chemical Warfare Agent No

Secondary high explosive Fuel Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive, Used in ammunition primer and blasting caps Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Blister agent

Use Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive Nerve agent

18 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

NINHT

NENA NG

LEXP LEXP LEXP Linseed oil Lithium carbonate LNTA Magnesium MD Mercury azide Mercury fulminate Mercury fulminate Mercury nitride Methylene dinitramine Methylpicric acid MGP MNA MNTA Molotov cocktail NDTT

Lewisite

2-Nitroimino-5-nitro-hexahydro-1,3,5triazine

5-Nitro-2(3,5-diamino-2,4,6trinitrophenol)-1,2,4-triazole N-2-Nitroxyethyl nitramine Nitroglycerin

2,4,6-Trinitro-3-methylphenol N-Methyl gluconamide pentanitrate Methylnitramine 1-Methyl-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole

Methyldichloroarsine

Lead nitrotetrazole

2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine, 2Chloroethenyl arsenous dichloride, Chlorovinylarsine dichloride Liquid explosive Liquid explosive Liquid explosive

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes

No

No

No No

No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No

Yes

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in some forms of dynamite Secondary high explosive

Improvised explosive “Underground” literature explosive Improvised explosive Stabilizer Coloring agent Primary high explosive Fuel Blister agent Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature incendiary Secondary high explosive

Blister agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 1 19

Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Trinitromethane Trinitromethane Trinitromethane Fly mines

Fly mines

Nitrocellulose

Nitroform Nitroform Nitroform Nitrogen tri-iodide

Nitrogen tri-iodide

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Smokeless powder

Nitrocellulose

Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Nitrated cornstarch Improvised explosive mixture

Nitro starch Nitro starch

Explosive No No

Synonyms

Nitric Acid

Common Name Nitric Acid

No

No No No No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No No

No

Chemical Warfare Agent No Use Key component for many explosive manufacturing processes Key component for many explosive manufacturing processes Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Blasting agent, Main charge Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive

20 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Perchlorylbenzene Phenyldichloroarsine Pentaerythritol trinitrate Pentaerythritol trinitrate Pentaerythritol tetratrinitrate

Pentaerythritol tetratrinitrate

PETN

2-Methyl-2-(N-nitro-Ntrinitroethylamino)-1,3-propyl dinitrate 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one Nitrourea

Parlon PCB PD PEN PEN PETN

NTO NU

NQ NTA N′-Tetranitrate NTND

NPSF

Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

No

Yes Yes No

3-Nitroperchlorylbenzene N-Nitro-N-methylhydroxy acetamidenitrate Neopentylene phosphoryl fluoridate, Neopentylene fluorophosphate Neopentylene thiophosphorus fluoridate, Neopentylene fluorophosphonothioate Nitroglycerine 3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazole

Nitro-PCB NMHAN NPF

Yes Yes

NG

Nitroguanidine

Nitroglycerin

No

No No Yes No No No

No No

No No No No

Yes

No No Yes

No

No

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in first World Trade Center terrorist incident Binder, Color enhancer Secondary high explosive Blister agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in det cord, Found in some plastic explosives Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in det cord, Found in some plastic explosives

Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Nerve agent

Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Found in triple-base smokeless powders Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Nerve agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 1 21

Yes Yes No No

Plastic explosive

PNT Polyvinylchloride Potassium benzoate

2,3,4,5,6-Pentanitrotoluene PVC

Yes

Plastic explosive

Yes Yes Yes

Picric acid Picryl chloride Plastic explosive

2,4,6-Trinitrophenol 1-Chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

Yes

No No Yes Yes

No No

No No

Explosive Yes

Picric acid

Phosgene Phosphorus Picramic acid Picric acid

2-Amino-4,6-dinitrophenol Improvised explosive mixture

Vaseline Carbonyl chloride, Carbonic dichloride, Chloroformyl chloride Carbonyl chloride, Carbon oxychloride Carbonyl chloride, Carbonic dichloride, Chloroformyl chloride Carbonyl chloride, Carbon oxychloride

Petroleum jelly Phosgene

Phosgene Phosgene

Synonyms Pentaerithrytol tetratnitrate

Common Name PETN

No No No

No

No

No No No

No

Yes No No No

Yes Yes

No Yes

Chemical Warfare Agent No

Choking agent Fuel Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main chargecastable explosive Secondary high explosive, Main chargecastable explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive Binder, Color enhancer Fuel

Choking agent Choking agent

Use Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in det cord, Found in some plastic explosives Fuel, Stabilizer Choking agent

22 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

No No No No

Red smoke

Rocket fuel Rocket fuel

Yes

Red smoke

Cyclonite, Cyclotrimethylethylenetrinitramine

RDX

Yes

No

Cyclonite, Cyclotrimethylethylenetrinitramine

RDX

Yes

Red smoke

Cyclonite, Cyclotrimethylethylenetrinitramine

RDX

Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Potassium chlorate Potassium chlorate Potassium nitrate Potassium perchlorate Potassium picrate PSE Quebrachitol nitrate RDX

Pressure-sensitive explosive Monomethyl cyclohexanepentanitrate Cyclonite, Cyclotrimethylethylenetrinitramine

Yes

Potassium chlorate

No No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No No No No No No No No

No

(continued)

Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer Whistle ingredient Impact-sensitive material Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Red smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Red smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Red smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Improvised projectile propellant Improvised projectile propellant

Chemical Compounds, Part 1 23

Sulfur Sulfur mustard

SOLEX Strontium carbonate Strontium nitrate Strontium oxalate Styphnic acid Styphnic acid Sub-VX

Common Name Rocket fuel Rocket fuel Saran SATP SEI SEI Shellac Silver azide Silver fulminate Silver NENA Silver nitride SNF Sodium chlorate Sodium nitrate Sodium perchlorate Sodium picramate

Mustard gas, Kampfstoff, Yperite, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide

2,4,6-Trinito-1,3-benzenediol 2,4,6-Trinito-1,3-benzenediol o-Ethyl 2-ethylthioethyl methylphosphonothioate

Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate, Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate Acetyltrinitro-cyclotetramethylene tetramine

Silver nitroform

Di-silver aminotetrazole perchlorate Self-igniting incendiary Self-igniting incendiary

Synonyms

No No

Yes No No No Yes Yes No

Explosive No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes

No No No No No No Yes

Chemical Warfare Agent No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No

Fuel Blister agent

Secondary high explosive Coloring agent, Fire retardant Coloring agent, Oxidizer Coloring agent, Fire retardant, Stabilizer Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Nerve agent

Use Improvised projectile propellant Secondary high explosive Binder, Color enhancer Primary high explosive Produces high temperature thermal effects “Underground” literature explosive Binder Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer Primary high explosive

24 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Tri-acetone tri-peroxide

4,4,4-Trinitrobutyraldehyde Trichlorotrinitrobenzene Tetranitro aniline Tetranitro aniline Isocyanogen tetraazide Nitramine, N-Methyl-N,2,4,6tetranitrobenzenamine

TATP

TBA TCTNB Tetraniline Tetraniline Tetrazide Tetryl

Tetryl

Trinitroanisole 5,5′′-bi-1H-Tetrazole diammonium salt Triazoethanol nitrate 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Tri-acetone tri-peroxide

Mustard gas, Kampfstoff, Yperite, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide Mustard gas, Kampfstoff, Yperite, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide Mustard gas II, 2,2′-Dichlorodipropyl sulfide, Bis(beta-chloropropyl) sulfide

Sulfur nitride Sulfur nitride Sulfur nitride TA TADA TAEN TATB TATB TATB TATB TATP

Sulfur mustard II

Sulfur mustard

Sulfur mustard

Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No

No

No

No

No No No No No No

No

No No No No No No No No No No No

Yes

Yes

Yes

(continued)

Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Terrorist explosive used extensively in the Middle East Terrorist explosive used extensively in the Middle East Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Military explosive main charge Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 1 25

1,3,5,7-Tetranitroadamantane 1,4,5,8-Tetranitro-1,4,5,8-tetraazadecalin 4,4,4-Trinitro-1-butanol Trinitrobenzylchloride 1,4,6,9-Tetranitrodimantane 2,2,2-Trinitroethyl-2-nitroxyethyl ether 2,2,2-Trinitroethyl-2-nitroxyethyl ether Tertranitromethamine Tertranitromethamine Tertranitromethamine Trinitropyridine 1,1,1,2-Tetranitropropane Trinitrotoluene

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

TNT

TNT

TNT

TNT

Synonyms Dintrotetraoxadiazatetracyclododecane

Thermite Titanium TNA TNAD TNB TNBCI TND TNEN TNEN TNM TNM TNM TNP TNP TNT

TEX Thermite

Common Name

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Explosive Yes No

No

No

No

No

No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No

Chemical Warfare Agent No No

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions

Use Secondary high explosive Produces high temperature and can melt metal High-temperature incendiary Fuel Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

26 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

No No No No No Yes

White smoke

Yellow smoke

Yellow smoke

Yellow smoke

Zinc

No No

White smoke

Trivinylarsenic, Tris(vinyl)arsine TX-60, Methylphosphonothioic acid S-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl] o-ethyl ester

VS VX

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No

2,4,6-Trinitro-2,4,6-triazacyclohexanone 1,3,5-Trinitro-2,4,6-tripicrylbenzene 2,4,6-Trinitrophloroglucinol Tetraminecopper chlorate Tetramminecopper chlorate 5-Ureido-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

TNTC TNTPB TPG TTCC TTCC UDTNB Urea nitrate

Yes

White smoke

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

TNT

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes Yes

No No No No No No No

No

White smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke White smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke White smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yellow smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yellow smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yellow smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Fuel, Smoke ingredient

Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Improvised military propellant Imnprovised propellant Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in first World Trade Center terrorist incident Violent irritant Nerve agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 1 27

Chemical Compounds, Part 2

29

2

Common Name

Fly mines, Nitrogen tri-iodide

Ammonium tri-iodide

Ammonpulver

Explosive D

Ammonium picrate Ammonium picrate

Ammonium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate, Ammonium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate

No

No

No No

No No No

Ammonium nitrate Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium picramate

No No No No No

No

No

No

No No

No No No

No No No No No

No No No No No

No

Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge-castable explosive Primary high explosive, Impact-sensitive material Early form of black powder

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Fuel Secondary high explosive, Mixture of TNT and ammonium nitrate, Military explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Low explosive, Primary ingredient in many types of commercial blasting materials (i.e., ANFO, dynamite, etc.) Oxidizer Oxidizer Primary high explosive

Blood agent, Extreme poison

Incendiary Propellants Use Yes No Secondary high explosive Yes No Secondary high explosive No No Blood agent, Extreme poison

No No No No No

Synonyms Ammonium chlorate Ammonium chlorate Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrocyanic acid, Prussic acid, Blausaure Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrocyanic acid, Prussic acid, Blausaure 4,Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl nitrate 4,Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl acetate 7-Amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan

Ammonium azide Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate

ADBN ADNB ADNBF Aluminum Amatol

AC

AC AC AC

30 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

BC BC BC BDC

Azidoethyl Barium carbonate Barium chlorate Barium nitrate Barium oxalate Barium styphnate BBC

AND AND AND ANFO A-NPNT ANS Anthracene Antimony Antimony trisulfide APC APC Arsine AS-20 Astrolite

Bromobenzylcyanide, Camite, a-Bromobenzeneacetonitrile, a-Bromo-atolunitrile Cyanogen bromide, Bromide cyanide Cyanogen bromide, Bromide cyanide 1-Bromo-2-propanone Biguanide diperchlorate

Tris(2-azidoethyl)amine

Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium perchlorate Arsenic hydride, Hydrogen arsenide Distilled arsine, Phenylarsine, Diphenylarsine

Ammonium dinitramide Ammonium dinitramide Ammonium dinitramide Binary explosive 4-Amino-N,2,3,5,6-pentanitrotoluene ANS

No No No No

No No No No No No No

No No No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No

No No No No

No No No No No No No

No No No No No No No No No No No No No No

Violent irritant Violent irritant Lachrymatory agent Secondary high explosive (continued)

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive Smoke ingredient Fuel Fuel Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Blood agent Blister agent Secondary high explosive, Binary high explosive, Mixture of hydrazine, aluminum, and ammonium nitrate Secondary high explosive Coloring agent Oxidizer coloring agent Oxidizer coloring agent Coloring agent Primary high explosive Lachrymatory agent, Severe irritant

Chemical Compounds, Part 2 31

CA Calcium carbonate Calcium oxalate Carbon black CDNTA CE CE CE CE Charcoal

CA CA

Boric acid Bromopicrin

Black smoke

Lampblack 3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazole copper salt Cast explosive Cast explosive Cast explosive Cast explosive

Nitrobromoform, Bromoacquinite, Tribromonitromethane, Picfume bromide Chloroacetone, 1-Chloro-2-propanone Cyanogen, Ethanedinitrile, Dicyan, Oxalic acid dinitrile, Dicyanide Chloroacetone, 1-Chloro-2-propanone

Gunpowder

Black powder Black smoke

Black smoke

Synonyms Bis(1,3-diazido-2-propyl)formal Binary explosive Binary explosive Gunpowder

Common Name BDPF BE BE Black powder

No No No No No No No No No No

No No No No No No No No No No No No

No No

Lachrymatory agent Stabilizers Coloring agent Fuel Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Fuel

Lachrymatory agent Blood agent, Extreme poison

Incendiary Propellants Use No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant No No Low explosive, IED filler Yes No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Yes No Black smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yes No Black smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke No No Stabilizers No No Lachrymatory agent

32 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

CNTA Comp C-1 Copper Copper acetanarsenate Copper azide

CK CK Clay CN

Chlorosarin

Chloropicrin

Chlorine gas Chloropicrin

Chemical agent 4-692530-02

Chemical agent 4-692530-01

Chemical agent 4-686293-02

Chemical agent 4-686-293-01

Chloroacetophenone, Mace, 2-Chloro-1phenylethanone, 2-Chloroacetophenone 5-Nitroterazole copper salt

Nitrochloroform, Acquinite, Trichloronitromethane, Picfume Nitrochloroform, Acquinite, Trichloronitromethane, Picfume ClCB, Isopropylmethylphosphonochloridate, Isopropoxymethylphosphoryl chloride Cyanogen chloride, Chloride cyanide Cyanogen chloride, Chloride cyanide

Agent 1-10,1,10-bis[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)ethylamino]decane dimethobromide 1/2 hydrate Agent 1-8, 1,8-bis[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)ethylamino]octane dimethobromide monohydrate Bis{a-[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)pyrrolidinio]}-4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate Bis{a-[(3dimethylcarbamoxyphenyl)methylamino]}4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate

No No No No No

No No No No

No

No

No No

No

No

No

No

No No No No No

No No No No

No

No

No No

No

No

No

No

(continued)

Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Plastic explosive Coloring agent Coloring agent Primary high explosive

Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Insulator Severe irritant

Nerve agent

Lachrymatory agent

Poison gas used in WW I Lachrymatory agent

Experimental chemical agent

Experimental chemical agent

Experimental chemical agent

Experimental chemical agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 2 33

DDNP DDNP Dextrin DIANP Diazodinitrophenol

1,5-Diazido-3-nitrazapentane 4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol

Diphenylchloroarsine 1,3-Diazido-2-nitrazapropane 1,3-Diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 5-Carboxy-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,1-Dichloro-2-propanone, 1,1Dichloroacetone 5,7-Dintiro-5,7-diaza-1,3-dioxabicyclooctane2-one Diazodinitrophenol Diazodinitrophenol

DA DANP DATB DATBA DCA

DDD

RDX, C4

o-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile, B,B-Dicyano-o-chlorostyrene, o-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile Phosgene oxime, Dichlorofirmoxime, Hornet gas, Nettle gas RDX, C4

Synonyms

Cyclonite

Cyclonite

CX

Common Name Copper carbonate Copper chloride Copper fulminate Copper oxide Cryolite CS

No No No No No

No

No No No No No

No

No

No

No No No No No

No

No No No No No

No

No

No

Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Binder Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Lachrymatory agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Severe irritant

Blister agent

Incendiary Propellants Use No No Coloring agent No No Coloring agent No No Primary high explosive No No Coloring agent No No Coloring agent No No Severe irritant

34 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

No No

Dynamite

Dynamite

No No No No No No No No No No No

No No No No No No No No

No

4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol 4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol Diimine, N,N′-bis-Isopropylethylenediimine Dintroxydiethylnitramine Dintroxydiethylnitramine Dintroxydiethylnitramine Diisopropylamine trinitrate Adamsite, Phenarsazine chloride, Diphenylaminechloroarsine,10-chloro-5,10dihydrophenarsazine 2,4-Dinitro-2,4-diazapentane Dintroxydiethylamine nitrate 1,1′-Dinitro-3,3′-azo-1,2,4-triazole 4,4-Dinitro-1-butanol 1,4-Dinitrofurazano piperazine 2,4-Dinitrophenol Lead picrate 2,4-Dinitrophenylurea 4,6-Dinitroresorcinol Methylenedinitrotetraazacyclooctane

Dynamite

DMMD DNAN DNAT DNB DNFA-P DNP DNP DNPU DNR DPT Dynamite

Diazodinitrophenol Diazodinitrophenol DIM DINA DINA DINA DITN DM

No

No

No

No No No No No No No No No No No

No No No No No No No No

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations

Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Severe irritant Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Vomiting agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 2 35

ETN

Emulsion explosive

ED ED EDDN EDT EGDN

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Common Name Dynamite

Incendiary Propellants Use No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Ethyldichloroarsine No No Blister agent Ethyldichloroarsine No No Blister agent Ethylenediamine dinitrate No No Secondary high explosive N,N′-di-2-Ethanolethylenediamine tetranitrate No No Secondary high explosive Nitroglycol, Ethylene glycol dinitrate No No Replaced nitroglyercin as “main” component in dynamites No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations, “Gelled” explosive Erythritol tetranitrate No No Secondary high explosive

Synonyms

36 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

No No No No Yes

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Flash comp

Flash comp

Flash comp

Flash comp

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

No

Yes

No

No

Flash comp

Yes Yes Yes No No

Homemade napalm

Flash incendiary

Flash comp

FI Fire bricks Fire gel Flash comp

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No No No No

(continued)

“Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature incendiary “Underground” literature incendiary Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks

Chemical Compounds, Part 2 37

Synonyms Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Common Name Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Incendiary Propellants Use Yes No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Yes No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Yes No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks

38 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Fluorotabun hydrochloride, Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl fluoridehydrochloride, NDimethylphosphoramidofluoridatehydrochloride 1,3,5-Trifluoro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Tabun, Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, Dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate Tabun, Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, Dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate Tabun-II, Diethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, N-Diethylphosphoramidocyanidate Thiotabun, Dimethylamidoethoxythiophosphorus cyanide, N-Diethylthiophosphoramidocyanidate

Flash powder

FTH

Gallic acid GB

GAA

GAA

GA

Sarin, Trilon 46, Isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylmethylphosphoryl fluoride

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Flash powder

F-TNB GA

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Flash powder

No No

No

No

No

No No

No

Yes

No

No

No No

No

No

No

No No

No

No

No

No

Binder Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Secondary high explosive Nerve agent

(continued)

Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Nerve agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 2 39

GD

GD

GD

GBI

GBI

GBE

GBE

GB

Common Name

Synonyms Sarin, Trilon 46, Isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylmethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-ethyl, Sarin-II, Isopropylethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-ethyl, Sarin-II, Isopropylethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-isopropyl, Sarin-III, Isopropyl2-propylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropoxy2-propylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-isopropyl, Sarin-III, Isopropyl2-propylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropoxy2-propylphosphoryl fluoride Soman, Trilon, Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, 1,2,2-Tri-methylpropyl ester Soman, Trilon, Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, 1,2,2-Tri-methylpropyl ester Soman, Trilon, Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, 1,2,2-Tri-methylpropyl ester No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Incendiary Propellants No No Nerve agent

Use

40 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

No

HE mix

No No No No

Hexanitrobibenzyl

HE mix

Gum arabic HBN HE mix

No

GS

Thiosarin, Sulfur sarin, Isopropylethylthiophosphorusfluoridate, Isopropylethylthiophosphorus fluoride, o-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridothioate

Yes

No

Green smoke

GF

No

Cyclosarin, o-Cyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate, CMPF Cyclosarin, oCyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate, CMPF

GF

No

No

No

Chlorosoman, Chlorotrilon, Pinacolyl methylchlorophosphorusfluoridate, Methylchlorophosphorusfluoridic acid, 1,3-Tri-methylpropyl ester Thiosoman, Thiotrilon, Pinacolyl methylthiophosphorusfluoridate, Methylthiophosphorusfluoridic acid, 1,3-Tri-methylpropyl ester

Gelatin explosive

GDS

GDCl

No

No

No No No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

(continued)

Binder Secondary high explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive

Green smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 2 41

Methenamine Sorbitol hexanitrate Hexanitrobibenzyl Mercury nitrotetrazole Hexamethylenetriperoxide diamine

Octagen, Tetranitro-tetraazacyclooctane

HMX

2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitrodiphenylmethane

Synonyms

Hexachlorobenzene Hexachloromethane Hexaditon Hexamethylenetetramine dinitrate Hexamine Hexanitrate Hexol HGNTA HMTD

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

Common Name HE mix

Incendiary Propellants Use No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No Color enhancer No No Smoke ingredient No No Secondary high explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No Used to make C4-like compounds No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Primary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive, Originally developed as a military propellant, Used by terrorists as main charge No No Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in “Shock Tube” (i.e., Nonel)

42 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

N-Ethyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl) amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)ethanamine, 2,2′,-Dichlorodiethylamine N-Ethyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl) amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)ethanamine, 2,2′,-Dichlorodiethylamine N-Methyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)methamine, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylmethylamine N-Methyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)methamine, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylmethylamine Tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine, 2-ChloroN,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)ethaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotriethylamine Tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine, 2-ChloroN,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)ethaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotriethylamine Tris(beta-chlorobutyl)amine, 2-ChloroN,N-bis(2-chlorobutyl)butaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotributylamine Tris(beta-chlorobutyl)amine, 2-ChloroN,N-bis(2-chlorobutyl)butaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotributylamine Hexanitrobiphenyl

HN1

HNBP

HN4

HN4

HN3

HN3

HN2

HN2

HN1

Octagen, Tetranitro-tetraazacyclooctane

HMX

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Secondary high explosive

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

(continued)

Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in “Shock Tube” (i.e., Nonel) Blister agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 2 43

No No No No

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

IEM IEM IEM IEM

No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No

No

No No No No

No

No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No

No

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Produces high-temperature thermal effects Fuel/air explosive component Fuel/air explosive component Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive

Secondary high explosive

Incendiary Propellants Use No No Secondary high explosive

No

Improvised ANFO Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Poor man’s C4 Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

Synonyms Hydrazine nitroform, Hydrazinium nitroformate Hydrazine nitroform, Hydrazinium nitroformate 1,1,1,6,6,6-Hexanitrohexyne-3 Hexanitro-hexaazaisowurtzane Hexanitrostilbene Hexanitrostilbene Hexanitrotetrachloroazobenzene Calcium hypochlorite

IEM

HNH-3 HNIW HNS HNS HNTCAB HTH Hydrogen gas Hydrogen gas IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM

HNF

Common Name HNF

44 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Inositol nitrate Iron KND KND KNF Lead azide

IEM IEM IEM IEM IIVX

IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM

Potassium dinitramide Potassium dinitramide Potassium nitroform

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised ANFO Improvised explosive mixture Sub-VX,S-(2-dimethylaminomethyl)-o-ethyl methylphosphonothiolate, o-Ethyl S-[2-(dimethylamino)methyl]methylphosphonothioate Inositol hexanitrate

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

No Yes No No No No

No No No Yes No

No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes

No No No No No No

No No No No No

No No No No No No No No No No No

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Fuel Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive, Used in ammunition primer and blasting caps

“Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive Nerve agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 2 45

LEXP LEXP LEXP Linseed oil Lithium carbonate LNTA Magnesium MD Mercury azide Mercury fulminate Mercury fulminate Mercury nitride Methylene dinitramine Methylpicric acid MGP MNA

Lewisite

Lead picrate Lead styphnate Lead styphnate Lead-TNP Lewisite

Common Name Lead azide

2,4,6-Trinitro-3-methylphenol N-Methyl gluconamide pentanitrate Methylnitramine

Methyldichloroarsine

Lead nitrotetrazole

2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-phenolate 2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-II-resorcinate 2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-II-resorcinate Trinitrophloroglucinol lead salt 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine, 2-Chloroethenyl arsenous dichloride, Chlorovinylarsine dichloride 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine, 2-Chloroethenyl arsenous dichloride, Chlorovinylarsine dichloride Liquid explosive Liquid explosive Liquid explosive

Synonyms

No No No Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No No

No

No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No

No

Improvised explosive “Underground” literature explosive Improvised explosive Stabilizer Coloring agent Primary high explosive Fuel Blister agent Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Blister agent

Incendiary Propellants Use No No Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive, Used in ammunition primer and blasting caps No No Primary high explosive No No Primary high explosive No No Primary high explosive No No Primary high explosive No No Blister agent

46 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Smokeless powder

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

No No

Nitrated cornstarch Improvised explosive mixture

Nitro starch Nitro starch

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Nitric acid

No

No No

No Yes No

No

2-Nitroimino-5-nitro-hexahydro-1,3,5triazine

5-Nitro-2(3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrophenol)1,2,4-triazole N-2-Nitroxyethyl nitramine Nitroglycerin

1-Methyl-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole

Nitric acid

NINHT

NENA NG

MNTA Molotov cocktail NDTT

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No No

No

No

No

No No

No No No

(continued)

Key component for many explosive manufacturing processes Key component for many explosive manufacturing processes Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Blasting agent, Main charge Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in some forms of dynamite Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature incendiary Secondary high explosive

Chemical Compounds, Part 2 47

NG

Nitroglycerin

Parlon PCB

NTO NU

NQ NTA N′-Tetranitrate NTND

NPSF

Nitro-PCB NMHAN NPF

Nitroguanidine

Perchorylbenzene

2-Methyl-2-(N-nitro-N-trinitroethylamino)1,3-propyl dinitrate 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one Nitrourea

3-Nitroperchlorylbenzene N-Nitro-N-methylhydroxy acetamidenitrate Neopentylene phosphoryl fluoridate, Neopentylene fluorophosphate Neopentylene thiophosphorus fluoridate, Neopentylene fluorophosponothioate Nitroglycerin 3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazole

Fly mines

Nitrogen tri-iodide

Nitroform Nitroform Nitroform Nitrogen tri-iodide

Synonyms Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Trinitromethane Trinitromethane Trinitromethane Fly mines

Common Name Nitrocellulose

No No

No No

No No No No

No

No No

No No

No No No No

No

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in first World Trade Center terrorist incident Binder, Color enhancer Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Nerve agent

Incendiary Propellants Use No Yes Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive No No Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions No No Secondary high explosive, Found in triple base smokeless powders No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Nerve agent

48 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Pentaerithrytol tetratrinitrate

Vaseline Carbonyl chloride, Carbonic dichloride, Chloroformyl chloride Carbonyl chloride, Carbon oxychloride Carbonyl chloride, Carbonic dichloride, Chloroformyl chloride Carbonyl chloride, Carbon oxychloride

PETN

Petroleum jelly Phosgene

Plastic explosive

No

No No No

Picric acid Picryl chloride Plastic explosive

2,4,6-Trinitrophenol 1-Chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

No

No Yes No No

No No

Yes No

No

No

No No No No

Picric acid

Phosgene Phosphorus Picramic acid Picric acid

2-Amino-4,6-dinitrophenol Improvised explosive mixture

Pentaerythritol tetratrinitrate

PETN

Phosgene Phosgene

Phenyldichloroarsine Pentaerythritol trinitrate Pentaerythritol trinitrate Pentaerythritol tetratrinitrate

PD PEN PEN PETN

No

No No No

No

No No No No

No No

No No

No

No

No No No No

(continued)

Choking agent Fuel Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main chargecastable explosive Secondary high explosive, Main chargecastable explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive

Choking agent Choking agent

Blister agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in Det Cord, Found in some plastic explosives Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in Det Cord, Found in some plastic explosives Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in Det Cord, Found in some plastic explosives Fuel, Stabilizer Choking agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 2 49

Cyclonite, Cyclotrimethylethylene trinitramine

Cyclonite, Cyclotrimethylethylene trinitramine

RDX

RDX

Red smoke

Cyclonite, Cyclotrimethylethylene trinitramine

Pressure-sensitive explosive Monomethyl cyclohexanepentanitrate Cyclonite, Cyclotrimethylethylene trinitramine

Potassium chlorate

2,3,4,5,6-Pentanitrotoluene PVC

Synonyms

RDX

Potassium chlorate Potassium chlorate Potassium nitrate Potassium perchlorate Potassium picrate PSE Quebrachitol nitrate RDX

PNT Polyvinylchloride Potassium benzoate Potassium chlorate

Common Name Plastic explosive

Incendiary Propellants Use No No Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Binder, Color enhancer No No Fuel Yes No Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant Yes No Oxidizer No No Oxidizer Yes No Oxidizer No No Oxidizer No No Whistle ingredient No No Impact-sensitive material No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Yes No Red smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke

50 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

SOLEX Strontium carbonate Strontium nitrate Strontium oxalate Styphnic acid Styphnic acid

2,4,6-Trinitro-1,3-benzenediol 2,4,6-Trinitro-1,3-benzenediol

Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate, Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate Acetyltrinitro-cyclotetramethylene tetramine No No No No No No

No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No

Rocket fuel Rocket fuel Rocket fuel Rocket fuel Saran SATP SEI SEI Shellac Silver azide Silver fulminate Silver NENA Silver nitride SNF Sodium chlorate Sodium nitrate Sodium perchlorate Sodium picramate

Silver nitroform

Yes

Red smoke

Di-silver aminotetrazole perchlorate Self-igniting incendiary Self-igniting incendiary

Yes

Red smoke

No No No No No No

Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No

No

No

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Coloring agent, Fire retardant Coloring agent, Oxidizer Coloring agent, Fire retardant, Stabilizer Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Red smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Red smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Improvised projectile propellant Improvised projectile propellant Improvised projectile propellant Secondary high explosive Binder, Color enhancer Primary high explosive Produces high-temperature thermal effects “Underground” literature explosive Binder Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer Primary high explosive

Chemical Compounds, Part 2 51

Trinitroanisole 5,5′′-bi1H-Tetrazole diammonium salt Triazoethanol nitrate 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Tri-acetone tri-peroxide

Tri-acetone tri-peroxide

4,4,4-Trinitrobutyraldehyde Trichlorotrinitrobenzene Tetranitro aniline Tetranitro aniline

TATP

TBA TCTNB Tetraniline Tetraniline

Mustard gas, Kampfstoff, Yperite, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide Mustard gas, Kampfstoff, Yperite, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide Mustard gas, Kampfstoff, Yperite, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide Mustard gas II, 2,2′-Dichlorodipropyl sulfide, Bis(beta-chloropropyl) sulfide

Synonyms o-Ethyl 2-ethylthioethyl methylphosphonothioate

Sulfur nitride Sulfur nitride Sulfur nitride TA TADA TAEN TATB TATB TATB TATB TATP

Sulfur mustard II

Sulfur mustard

Sulfur mustard

Sulfur Sulfur mustard

Common Name Sub-VX

No No No No

No

No No No No No No No No No No No

No

No

No

Yes No

No No No No

No

No No No No No No No No No No No

No

No

No

No No

Use

Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Terrorist explosive used extensively in the Middle East Terrorist explosive used extensively in the Middle East Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

Fuel Blister agent

Incendiary Propellants No No Nerve agent

52 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

1,3,5,7-Tetranitroadamantane 1,4,5,8-Tetranitro-1,4,5,8-tetraazadecalin 4,4,4-Trinitro-1-butanol Trinitrobenzylchloride 1,4,6,9-Tetranitrodimantane 2,2,2-Trinitroethyl-2-nitroxyethyl ether 2,2,2-Trinitroethyl-2-nitroxyethyl ether Tertranitromethamine Tertranitromethamine Tertranitromethamine Trinitropyridine 1,1,1,2-Teranitropropane Trinitrotoluene

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

TNT

TNT

TNT

No

No

No

No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No

Dintrotetraoxadiazatetracyclododecane

TEX Thermite Thermite Titanium TNA TNAD TNB TNBCI TND TNEN TNEN TNM TNM TNM TNP TNP TNT

No No No

Isocyanogen tetraazide Nitramine, N-Methyl-N,2,4,6tetranitrobenzenamine

Tetryl

Tetrazide Tetryl

No

No

No

No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No

No

No No

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions

Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Military explosive main charge Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive Produces high temperature and can melt metal High-temperature incendiary Fuel Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Chemical Compounds, Part 2 53

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

White smoke

Yellow smoke

Yellow smoke

Yellow smoke

Zinc

Trivinylarsenic, Tris(vinyl)arsine TX-60, Methylphosphonothioic acid S-[2[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl] o-ethyl ester

VS VX

White smoke

2,4,6-Trinitro-2,4,6-triazacyclohexanone 1,3,5-Trinitro-2,4,6-tripicrylbenzene 2,4,6-Trinitrophloroglucinol Tetraminecopper chlorate Tetramminecopper chlorate 5-Ureido-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

TNTC TNTPB TPG TTCC TTCC UDTNB Urea nitrate

Yes

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

TNT

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

White smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke White smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke White smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yellow smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yellow smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yellow smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Fuel, Smoke ingredient

Incendiary Propellants Use No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Improvised military propellant No No Imnprovised propellant No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive, Used in first World Trade Center terrorist incident No No Violent irritant No No Nerve agent

White smoke

Synonyms 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

Common Name TNT

54 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Chemical Compounds, Part 3

55

3

Ammonium picrate Ammonium picrate

Explosive D

Ammonium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate, Ammonium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate

No No

Yes Yes No

Ammonium nitrate Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium picramate

No No No Yes No

No

No No

No No No

No No No No No

No No No No No

No

Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge castable explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Fuel Secondary high explosive, Mixture of TNT and Ammonium nitrate, Military explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Low explosive, Primary ingredient in many types of commercial blasting materials (i.e., ANFO, dynamite, etc) Oxidizer Oxidizer Primary high explosive

Blood agent, Extreme poison

Explosive Pyrotechnic Precursor Ingredient Use Yes No Secondary high explosive Yes No Secondary high explosive No No Blood agent, Extreme poison

No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Ammonium chlorate Ammonium chlorate Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrocyanic acid, Prussic acid, Blausaure Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrocyanic acid, Prussic acid, Blausaure 4,Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl nitrate 4,Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl acetate 7-Amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan

Synonyms

Ammonium azide Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate

ADBN ADNB ADNBF Aluminum Amatol

AC

AC AC AC

Common Name

56 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

BC

Azidoethyl Barium carbonate Barium chlorate Barium nitrate Barium oxalate Barium styphnate BBC

Ammonium tri-iodide Ammonpulver AND AND AND ANFO A-NPNT ANS Anthracene Antimony Antimony trisulfide APC APC Arsine AS-20 Astrolite

Bromobenzylcyanide, Camite, a-Bromobenzeneacetonitrile, a-Bromo-a-tolunitrile Cyanogen bromide, Bromide cyanide

Tris(2-azidoethyl)amine

Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium perchlorate Arsenic hydride, Hydrogen arsenide Distilled arsine, Phenylarsine, Diphenylarsine

Ammonium dinitramide Ammonium dinitramide Ammonium dinitramide Binary explosive 4-Amino-N,2,3,5,6-pentanitrotoluene ANS

Fly mines, Nitrogen tri-iodide

No

No

No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No

No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No

No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No

No No No No No No No

No

No

Violent irritant (continued)

Primary high explosive, Impactsensitive material Early form of black powder Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive Smoke ingredient Fuel Fuel Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Blood agent Blister agent Secondary high explosive, Binary high explosive, Mixture of hydrazine, aluminum, and ammonium nitrate Secondary high explosive Coloring agent Oxidizer coloring agent Oxidizer coloring agent Coloring agent Primary high explosive Lachrymatory agent, Severe irritant

Chemical Compounds, Part 3 57

CA Calcium carbonate Calcium oxalate Carbon black CDNTA CE

CA CA

Boric acid Bromopicrin

Black smoke

Black smoke

Black powder Black smoke

BC BC BDC BDPF BE BE Black powder

Common Name

Lampblack 3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazole copper salt Cast explosive

Nitrobromoform, Bromoacquinite, Tribromonitromethane, Picfume bromide Chloroacetone, 1-Chloro-2-propanone Cyanogen, Ethanedinitrile, Dicyan, Oxalic acid dinitrile, Dicyanide Chloroacetone, 1-Chloro-2-propanone

Gunpowder

Synonyms Cyanogen bromide, Bromide cyanide 1-Bromo-2-propanone Biguanide diperchlorate Bis(1,3-diazido-2-propyl)formal Binary explosive Binary explosive Gunpowder

No No No No No No

No No

No Yes Yes Yes No No

No No

Lachrymatory agent Stabilizers Coloring agent Fuel Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Lachrymatory agent Blood agent, Extreme poison

Explosive Pyrotechnic Precursor Ingredient Use No No Violent irritant No No Lachrymatory agent No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant No No Low explosive, IED filler No Yes Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No Yes Black smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke No Yes Black smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke No Yes Stabilizers No No Lachrymatory agent

58 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

CNTA

CK CK Clay CN

Chlorosarin

Chloropicrin

Chlorine gas Chloropicrin

Chemical agent 4-692-530-02

Chemical agent 4-692-530-01

Chemical agent 4-686-293-02

CE CE CE Charcoal Chemical agent 4-686-293-01

Chloroacetophenone, Mace, 2-Chloro1-phenylethanone, 2-Chloroacetophenone 5-Nitroterazole copper salt

Nitrochloroform, Acquinite, Trichloronitromethane, Picfume Nitrochloroform, Acquinite, Trichloronitromethane, Picfume ClCB, Isopropylmethylphosphonochloridate, Isopropoxymethylphosphoryl chloride Cyanogen chloride, Chloride cyanide Cyanogen chloride, Chloride cyanide

Agent 1-10,1,10-Bis[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)ethylamino]decane dimethobromide 1/2 hydrate Agent 1-8, 1,8-Bis[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)ethylamino]octane dimethobromide monohydrate Bis{a-[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)pyrrolidinio]}-4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate Bis{a-[(3dimethylcarbamoxyphenyl)methylamino]}4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate

Cast explosive Cast explosive Cast explosive

No

No No No No

No

No

No No

No

No

No

No No No No No

No

No No Yes No

No

Yes

No No

No

No

No

No No No Yes No

Primary high explosive (continued)

Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Insulator Severe irritant

Nerve agent

Lachrymatory agent

Poison gas used in WW I Lachrymatory agent

Experimental chemical agent

Experimental chemical agent

Experimental chemical agent

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Fuel Experimental chemical agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 3 59

RDX, C4

Diphenylchloroarsine 1,3-Diazido-2-nitrazapropane 1,3-Diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 5-Carboxy-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,1-Dichloro-2-propanone, 1,1-Dichloroacetone 5,7-Dintiro-5,7-diaza-1,3-dioxabicyclooctane-2-one Diazodinitrophenol Diazodinitrophenol

DA DANP DATB DATBA DCA DDD DDNP DDNP

o-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile, B,B-Dicyano-ochlorostyrene, o-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile Phosgene oxime, Dichlorofirmoxime, Hornet gas, Nettle gas RDX, C4

Synonyms

Cyclonite

Cyclonite

CX

Copper Copper acetanarsenate Copper azide Copper carbonate Copper chloride Copper fulminate Copper oxide Cryolite CS

Common Name Comp C-1

No No No No No No No No

No

No

No

No No No No No No No No

No

No

No

Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Lachrymatory agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Severe irritant Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive

Blister agent

Explosive Pyrotechnic Precursor Ingredient Use No No Secondary high explosive, Plastic explosive No Yes Coloring agent No Yes Coloring agent No No Primary high explosive No Yes Coloring agent No Yes Coloring agent No No Primary high explosive No Yes Coloring agent No Yes Coloring agent No No Severe irritant

60 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

No

Dynamite

No No No No No No No No No No No

No No No No No No No No No No No

No

1,5-Diazido-3-nitrazapentane 4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol 4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol 4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol Diimine, N,N′-bis-Isopropylethylenediimine Dintroxydiethylnitramine Dintroxydiethylnitramine Dintroxydiethylnitramine Diisopropylamine trinitrate Adamsite, Phenarsazine chloride, Diphenylaminechloroarsine,10-chloro5,10-dihydrophenarsazine 2,4-Dinitro-2,4-diazapentane Dintroxydiethylamine nitrate 1,1′-Dintro-3,3′-azo-1,2,4-triazole 4,4-Dinitro-1-butanol 1,4-Dinitrofurazano piperazine 2,4-Dinitrophenol Lead picrate 2,4-Dinitrophenylurea 4,6-Dinitroresorcinol Methylenedinitrotetraazacyclooctane

Dynamite

DMMD DNAN DNAT DNB DNFA-P DNP DNP DNPU DNR DPT Dynamite

Dextrin DIANP Diazodinitrophenol Diazodinitrophenol Diazodinitrophenol DIM DINA DINA DINA DITN DM

No

No

No No No No No No No No No No No

Yes No No No No No No No No No No

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations

Binder Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Severe irritant Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Vomiting agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 3 61

ED ED EDDN EDT EGDN

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Common Name Dynamite

Ethyldichloroarsine Ethyldichloroarsine Ethylenediamine dinitrate N,N′-di-2-Ethanolethylenediamine tetranitrate Nitroglycol, Ethylene glycol dinitrate

Synonyms

Explosive Pyrotechnic Precursor Ingredient Use No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations No No Blister agent No No Blister agent No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Replaced nitroglyercin as “main” component in dynamites

62 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

No No No No No No

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Flash comp

Flash comp

Flash comp

Flash comp

Flash comp

Flash powder

Flash powder

No

No

Flash comp

Homemade napalm

No No No No No

ETN FI Fire bricks Fire gel Flash comp

Erythritol tetranitrate Flash incendiary

No

Emulsion explosive

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No No No No No

No

(continued)

Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations, “Gelled” explosive Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature incendiary “Underground” literature incendiary Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks

Chemical Compounds, Part 3 63

Synonyms Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Common Name Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Explosive Pyrotechnic Precursor Ingredient Use No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks No No Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks

64 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Fluorotabun hydrochloride, Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl fluoridehydrochloride, N-Dimethylphosphoramidofluoridatehydrochloride 1,3,5-Trifluoro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Tabun, Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, Dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate Tabun, Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, Dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate Tabun-II, Diethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, N-Diethylphosphoramidocyanidate

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

FTH

GAA

GA

F-TNB GA

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Flash powder

No

No

No No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Secondary high explosive Nerve agent

(continued)

Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Nerve agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 3 65

GD

GD

GD

GBI

GBI

GBE

GBE

GB

Gallic acid GB

GAA

Common Name

Sarin, Trilon 46, Isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylmethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin, Trilon 46, Isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylmethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-ethyl, Sarin-II, Isopropylethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-ethyl, Sarin-II, Isopropylethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-isopropyl, Sarin-III, Isopropyl-2propylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropoxy-2propylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-isopropyl, Sarin-III, Isopropyl-2propylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropoxy-2propylphosphoryl fluoride Soman, Trilon, Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, 1,2,2-Trimethylpropyl ester Soman, Trilon, Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, 1,2,2-Trimethylpropyl ester Soman, Trilon, Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, 1,2,2-Trimethylpropyl ester

Synonyms Thiotabun, Dimethylamidoethoxythiophosphorus cyanide, N-Diethylthiophosphoroamidocyanidate

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes No

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Binder Nerve agent

Explosive Pyrotechnic Precursor Ingredient No No Nerve agent Use

66 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

No

HE mix

No No No No

Hexanitrobibenzyl

HE mix

Gum arabic HBN HE mix

No

Thiosarin, Sulfur sarin, Isopropylethylthiophosphorusfluoridate, Isopropylethylthiophosphorus fluoride, o-Isopropyl methyl phosphonoffluoridothioate

GS

No

No

No

No

No

No

Cyclosarin, O-Cyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate, CMPF Cyclosarin, O-Cyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate, CMPF

Chlorosoman, Chlorotrilon, Pinacolyl methylchlorophosphorusfluoridate, Methylchlorophosphorusfluoridic acid, 1,3-Tri-methylpropyl ester Thiosoman, Thiotrilon, Pinacolyl methylthiophosphorusfluoridate, Methylthiophosphorusfluoridic acid, 1,3-trimethylpropyl ester

Green smoke

GF

GF

Gelatin explosive

GDS

GDCl

No

No

Yes No No

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

(continued)

Binder Secondary high explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive

Green smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 3 67

Hexachlorobenzene Hexachloromethane Hexaditon Hexamethylenetretramine dinitrate Hexamine Hexanitrate Hexol HGNTA HMTD

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

HE mix

Common Name HE mix

Methenamine Sorbitol hexanitrate Hexanitrobibenzyl Mercury nitrotetrazole Hexamethylenetriperoxide diamine

2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitrodiphenylmethane

Synonyms

Explosive Pyrotechnic Precursor Ingredient Use No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No Yes Color enhancer No Yes Smoke ingredient No No Secondary high explosive No No High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Yes No Used to make C4-like compounds No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Primary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive, Originally developed as a military propellant, Used by terrorists as main charge

68 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Octagen, Tetranitro-tetraazacyclooctane

N-Ethyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine, N,N-bis (2-chloroethyl)ethanamine, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylamine N-Ethyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine, N,N-bis (2-chloroethyl)ethanamine, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylamine N-Methyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine, N,N-bis (2-chloroethyl)methamine, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylmethylamine N-Methyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine, N,N-bis (2-chloroethyl)methamine, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylmethylamine Tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine, 2-Chloro-N,N-bis (2-chloroethyl)ethaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotriethylamine Tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine, 2-Chloro-N,N-bis (2-chloroethyl)ethaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotriethylamine Tris(beta-chlorobutyl)amine, 2-Chloro-N,N-bis (2-chlorobutyl)butaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotributylamine Tris(beta-chlorobutyl)amine, 2-Chloro-N,N-bis (2-chlorobutyl)butaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotributylamine Hexanitrobiphenyl

HMX

HN1

HNBP

HN4

HN4

HN3

HN3

HN2

HN2

HN1

Octagen, Tetranitro-tetraazacyclooctane

HMX

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Secondary high explosive

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

(continued)

Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in “Shock Tube” (i.e., Nonel) Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in “Shock Tube” (i.e., Nonel) Blister agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 3 69

IEM IEM IEM

IEM

Hydrogen gas Hydrogen gas IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM

Common Name HNF HNF HNH-3 HNIW HNS HNS HNTCAB HTH

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

Improvised ANFO Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Poor man’s C4 Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

Synonyms Hydrazine nitroform, Hydrazinium nitroformate Hydrazine nitroform, Hydrazinium nitroformate 1,1,1,6,6,6-Hexanitrohexyne-3 Hexanitro-hexaazaisowurtzane Hexanitrostilbene Hexanitrostilbene Hexanitrotetrachloroazobenzene Calcium hypochlorite

Explosive Pyrotechnic Precursor Ingredient Use No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Produces high-temperature thermal effects No No Fuel/air explosive component No No Fuel/air explosive component No No Secondary high explosive No No “Underground” literature explosive No No “Underground” literature explosive No No “Underground” literature explosive No No “Underground” literature explosive No No “Underground” literature explosive No No “Underground” literature explosive No No “Underground” literature explosive No No “Underground” literature explosive No No “Underground” literature explosive No No Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No “Underground” literature explosive No No “Underground” literature explosive No No “Underground” literature explosive

70 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Inositol nitrate Iron KND KND KNF Lead azide

IEM IEM IEM IEM IIVX

IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM

Potassium dinitramide Potassium dinitramide Potassium nitroform

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised ANFO Improvised explosive mixture Sub-VX,S-(2-dimethylaminomethyl) -o-ethyl methylphosphonothiolate, o-Ethyl S-[2-(dimethylamino)methyl]methylphosphonothioate Inositol hexanitrate

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

No No No No No No

No No No No No

No No No No No No No No No No No No

No Yes No No No No

No No No No No

No No No No No No No No No No No No

Secondary high explosive Fuel Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive (continued)

“Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive Nerve agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 3 71

LEXP LEXP LEXP Linseed oil Lithium carbonate LNTA Magnesium MD Mercury azide Mercury fulminate Mercury fulminate Mercury nitride Methylene dinitramine Methylpcric acid MGP MNA MNTA

Lewisite

Lead picrate Lead styphnate Lead styphnate Lead-TNP Lewisite

Common Name Lead azide

2,4,6-Trinitro-3-methylphenol N-Methyl gluconamide pentanitrate Methylnitramine 1-Methyl-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole

Methyldichloroarsine

Lead nitrotetrazole

2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-phenolate 2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-II-resorcinate 2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-II-resorcinate Trinitrophloroglucinol lead salt 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine, 2-Chloroethenylarsenous dichloride, Chlorovinylarsine dichloride 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine, 2-Chloroethenylarsenous dichloride, Chlorovinylarsine dichloride Liquid explosive Liquid explosive Liquid explosive

Synonyms

No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No

No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No No No

No

Improvised explosive “Underground” literature explosive Improvised explosive Stabilizer Coloring agent Primary high explosive Fuel Blister agent Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Blister agent

Explosive Pyrotechnic Precursor Ingredient Use No No Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive, Used in ammunition primer and blasting caps No No Primary high explosive No No Primary high explosive No No Primary high explosive No No Primary high explosive No No Blister agent

72 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate

Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate

Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate

Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate

Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate

Smokeless powder

Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No No

Nitrated cornstarch Improvised explosive mixture

Nitro starch Nitro starch

No Yes

No No

No No

Yes

2-Nitroimino-5-nitro-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine

5-Nitro-2(3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrophenl)-1,2,4triazole N-2-Nitroxyethyl nitramine Nitroglycerin

Nitric acid

NINHT Nitric acid

NENA NG

Molotov cocktail NDTT

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No No

No

No No

No No

No No

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in some forms of dynamite Secondary high explosive Key component for many explosive manufacturing processes Key component for many explosive manufacturing processes Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Blasting agent, Main charge Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler

“Underground” literature incendiary Secondary high explosive

Chemical Compounds, Part 3 73

NG

Nitroglycerin

Parlon PCB

NTO NU

NQ NTA N′-Tetranitrate NTND

NPSF

Nitro-PCB NMHAN NPF

Synonyms

Perchorylbenzene

2-Methyl-2-(N-nitro-N-trinitroethylamino)-1,3-propyl dinitrate 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one Nitrourea

3-Nitroperchlorylbenzene N-Nitro-N-methylhydroxy acetamidenitrate Neopentylene phosphoryl fluoridate, Neopentylene fluorophosphates Neopentylene thiophosphorus fluoridate, Neopentylene fluorophosponothioate Nitroglycerin 3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazole

Flymines

Nitrogen tri-iodide

Nitroguanidine

Trinitromethane Trinitromethane Trinitromethane Fly mines

Common Name Nitroform Nitroform Nitroform Nitrogen tri-iodide

No No

No No

No No No No

No

Yes No

No No

No No No No

No

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in first World Trade Center terrorist incident Binder, Color enhancer Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Nerve agent

Explosive Pyrotechnic Precursor Ingredient Use No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive No No Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Yes No Secondary high explosive, Found in triple-base smokeless powders No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Nerve agent

74 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Pentaerithrytol tetratnitrate

Vaseline Carbonyl chloride, Carbonic dichloride, Chloroformyl chloride Carbonyl chloride, Carbon oxychloride Carbonyl chloride, Carbonic dichloride, Chloroformyl chloride Carbonyl chloride, Carbon oxychloride

PETN

Petroleum jelly Phosgene

No No No

Picric acid Picryl chloride Plastic explosive

2,4,6-Trinitrophenol 1-Chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

No

No No No No

No No

No No

No

No

No No No No

Picric acid

Phosgene Phosphorus Picramic acid Picric acid

2-Amino-4,6-dinitrophenol Improvised explosive mixture

Pentaerythritol tetratrinitrate

PETN

Phosgene Phosgene

Phenyldichloroarsine Pentaerythritol trinitrate Pentaerythritol trinitrate Pentaerythritol tetratrinitrate

PD PEN PEN PETN

No No No

No

No Yes No No

No No

Yes No

No

No

No No No No

(continued)

Choking agent Fuel Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main-charge castable explosive Secondary high explosive, Main-charge castable explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive

Choking agent Choking agent

Blister agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in det cord, Found in some plastic explosives Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in det cord, Found in some plastic explosives Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in det cord, Found in some plastic explosives Fuel, Stabilizer Choking agent

Chemical Compounds, Part 3 75

Potassium chlorate

Pressure-sensitive explosive Monomethyl cyclohexanepentanitrate Cyclonite, Cyclotrimethyethylenetrinitramine

Cyclonite, Cyclotrimethyethylenetrinitramine

Cyclonite, Cyclotrimethyethylenetrinitramine

Cyclonite, Cyclotrimethyethylenetrinitramine

Potassium chlorate Potassium chlorate Potassium nitrate Potassium perchlorate Potassium picrate PSE Quebrachitol nitrate RDX

RDX

RDX

RDX

2,3,4,5,6-Pentanitrotoluene PVC

Synonyms

PNT Polyvinylchloride Potassium benzoate Potassium chlorate

Plastic explosive

Common Name Plastic explosive

Explosive Pyrotechnic Precursor Ingredient Use No No Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive No No Secondary high explosive No Yes Binder, Color enhancer No Yes Fuel Yes No Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant No Yes Oxidizer Yes No Oxidizer No Yes Oxidizer No Yes Oxidizer No Yes Whistle ingredient No No Impact-sensitive material No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive

76 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Solex Strontium carbonate

Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate, Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate Acetyltrinitro-cyclotetramethylene tetramine

Silver nitroform

No No

No No No No No No No No No No No

No No No No No No No

Rocket fuel Rocket fuel Rocket fuel Rocket fuel Saran SATP SEI

Self-igniting incendiary

No

Red smoke

SEI Shellac Silver azide Silver fulminate Silver NENA Silver nitride SNF Sodium chlorate Sodium nitrate Sodium perchlorate Sodium picramate

No

Red smoke

Di-silver aminotetrazole perchlorate Self-igniting incendiary

No

Red smoke

No Yes

No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No

No No No No Yes No No

Yes

Yes

Yes

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Coloring agent, Fire retardant

Red smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Red smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Red smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Improvised projectile propellant Improvised projectile propellant Improvised projectile propellant Secondary high explosive Binder, Color enhancer Primary high explosive Produces high-temperature thermal effects “Underground” literature explosive Binder Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer Primary high explosive

Chemical Compounds, Part 3 77

Trinitroanisole 5,5′′-bi1H-Tetrazole diammonium salt Triazoethanol nitrate 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Tri-acetone tri-peroxide

Tri-acetone tri-peroxide

TATP

Mustard gas, Kampfstoff, Yperite, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide Mustard gas, Kampfstoff, Yperite, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide Mustard gas, Kampfstoff, Yperite, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide Mustard gas II, 2,2′-Dichlorodipropryl sulfide, Bis(betachloropropryl) sulfide

2,4,6-Trinito-1,3-benzenediol 2,4,6-Trinito-1,3-benzenediol o-Ethyl 2-ethylthioethyl methylphosphonothioate

Synonyms

Sulfur nitride Sulfur nitride Sulfur nitride TA TADA TAEN TATB TATB TATB TATB TATP

Sulfur mustard II

Sulfur mustard

Sulfur mustard

Common Name Strontium nitrate Strontium oxalate Styphnic acid Styphnic acid Sub-VX Sulfur Sulfur mustard

No

No No No No No No No No No No No

No

No

No

No

No No No No No No No No No No No

No

No

No

Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Terrorist explosive used extensively in the Middle East Terrorist explosive used extensively in the Middle East

Blister agent

Blister agent

Blister agent

Explosive Pyrotechnic Precursor Ingredient Use No Yes Coloring agent, Oxidizer No Yes Coloring agent, Fire retardant, Stabilizer No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Nerve agent No Yes Fuel No No Blister agent

78 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Thermite Titanium TNA TNAD TNB TNBCI TND TNEN TNEN TNM TNM TNM TNP TNP TNT

1,3,5,7-Tetranitroadamantane 1,4,5,8-Tetranitro-1,4,5,8-tetraazadecalin 4,4,4-Trinitro-1-butanol Trinitrobenzylchloride 1,4,6,9-Tetranitrodimantane 2,2,2-Trinitroethyl-2-nitroxyethylether 2,2,2-Trinitroethyl-2-nitroxyethylether Tertranitromethamine Tertranitromethamine Tertranitromethamine Trinitropyridine 1,1,1,2-Teranitropropane Trinitrotoluene

No No No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No

No No

Dintrotetraoxadiazatetracyclododecane

TEX Thermite

No No No No No No No

4,4,4-Trinitrobutyraldehyde Trichlorotrinitrobenzene Tetranitro aniline Tetranitro aniline Isocyanogen tetraazide Nitramine, N-Methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitrobenzenamine

Tetryl

TBA TCTNB Tetraniline Tetraniline Tetrazide Tetryl

No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No

No No

No

No No No No No No

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Military explosive main charge Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive Produces high temperature and can melt metal High-temperature incendiary Fuel Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Chemical Compounds, Part 3 79

No

Trivinylarsenic, Tris(vinyl)arsine TX-60, Methylphosphonothioic acid S-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]o-ethyl ester

VS VX

White smoke

2,4,6-Trinitro-2,4,6-triazacyclohexanone 1,3,5-Trinitro-2,4,6-tripicrylbenzene 2,4,6-Trinitrophloroglucinol Tetraminecopper chlorate Tetramminecopper chlorate 5-Ureido-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

TNTC TNTPB TPG TTCC TTCC UDTNB Urea nitrate

No

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

TNT

White smoke

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

TNT

No

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

TNT

Yes

Yes

Yes

White smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke

White smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke White smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke

Explosive Pyrotechnic Precursor Ingredient Use No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions No No Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive No No Improvised military propellant No No Imnprovised propellant No No Secondary high explosive No No Secondary high explosive, Used in first World Trade Center terrorist incident No No Violent irritant No No Nerve agent

White smoke

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

Synonyms 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene

TNT

TNT

Common Name

80 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

No No No No

Yellow smoke

Yellow smoke

Yellow smoke

Zinc

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yellow smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yellow smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yellow smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Fuel, Smoke ingredient

Chemical Compounds, Part 3 81

4

Ingredients

83

7-Amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan

ADNBF Anatol Ammonium azide Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium picramate

Ammonium dinitramide

Ammonium dinitramide

Ammonium dinitramide

Binary explosive

AND

AND

ANFO

Explosive D Fly mines, Nitrogen tri-iodide

Ammonium picrate Ammonium picrate Ammonium tri-iodide Ammonpulver AND

Ammonium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate, Ammonium 1-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate

4,Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butylacetate

ADNB

Synonyms

4,Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl nitrate

Ammonium chlorate Ammonium chlorate

Common Name AC AC AC ADBN

Picric acid, Ammonia, Benzene Ammonia, Picric acid, Water Ammonia, Iodine crystals Ammonium nitrate, Charcoal powder Potassium dinitramide, Ammonium sulfate, Isopropyl alcohol, Petroleum ether Nitric acid, Urea, Sulfuric acid, Nitronium tetrafluoroborate, Anhydrous ammonia, Acetonitrile, Ethyl acetate, Chloroform Acetonitrile, Ammonium carbonate, Isopropyl alcohol, Nitronium tetrafluoroborate, Anhydrous ammonia, Diethyl ether, Acetone, Butanol, Ethyl acetate Ammonium nitrate, Diesel fuel

Ingredients Ammonia gas, Carbon dioxide, Sodium chlorate Ammonia, Carbon dioxide, Sodium chlorate Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrocyanic acid, Prussic acid, Blausaure Hydrochloric acid, Methanol, ADNB, Methylene chloride, Nitric acid, Sodium bicarbonate, Magnesium sulfate 4,4-DNB, Methylene chloride, Magnesium sulfate, Sodium azide, Sodium hydroxide, Acetyl chloride, Ethyl acetate, Hexane Tetraniline, Glacial acetic acid, Sodium azide Ammonium nitrate, TNT Sodium azide, Ammonia Sodium nitrate, Ammonia gas, Methanol, Carbon dioxide Nitric acid, Ammonia, Methanol Nitric acid, Ammonia gas, Methanol Ammonia, Nitric acid Ammonia gas, Carbon dioxide, Sodium perchlorate Picric acid, Ammonia, Ammonium bisulfide, Carbon disulfide

84 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Tris(2-azidoethyl)amine

Astrolite Azidoethyl

Cyanogen bromide, Bromide cyanide Cyanogen bromide, Bromide cyanide 1-Bromo-2-propanone Biguanide diperchlorate Bis(1,3-diazido-2-propyl)formal

Binary explosive Binary explosive Gunpowder Gunpowder

BC BC BC BDC BDPF

BE BE Black powder Black powder Black smoke

Bromobenzylcyanide, Camite, a-Bromobenzeneactonitrile, a-Bromo-atolunitrile

ANS Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium perchlorate Arsenic hydride, Hydrogen arsenide Distilled arsine, Phenylarsine, Diphenylarsine

ANS APC APC Arsine AS-20

Barium styphnate BBC

4-Amino-N,2,3,5,6-pentanitrotoluene

A-NPNT

(continued)

TNT, Dioxane, Hydrogen sulfide gas, Ammonia, Hydrochloric acid, Potassium iodide, Sulfuric acid, Paraformaldehyde, Methylene chloride, Nitric acid, Magnesium sulfate, Chloroform, Methanol Ammonium nitrate, Sulfur Ammonia gas, Carbon dioxide, Sodium perchlorate Ammonia, Carbon dioxide, Sodium perchlorate Arsenic, Zinc, Hydrochloric acid Benzene, Arsenic trichloride, Isopentane, Aluminum chloride, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium sulfate Ammonium nitrate, Aluminum powder, Hydrazine Dimethylformamide, Sodium azide, Chloroform, Sodium sulfate, 2,2,2-Trichloroethylamine Styphnic acid, Ammonia, Barium chlorate dehydrate, Acetone Benzyl chloride, Sodium cyanide, Ethyl alcohol, Liquid bromine, Carbon tetrachloride, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium sulfate, Chloroform Sodium hydroxide, Sodium cyanide, Bromine, Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid, Bromine, Sodium cyanide Acetone, Sulfuric acid, Bromine, Methylene chloride Biguanide, Ethanol, Perchloric acid, Ethyl acetate 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol, Trioxane, 1,2-Dichloroethane, Sulfuric acid, Sodium bicarbonate, Dimethylsulfoxide, Sodium azide, Methylene chloride Ammonium nitrate, Nitromethane Ammonium nitrate, Hydrazine Sodium nitrate, Sulfur, Charcoal Potassium nitrate, Sulfur, Charcoal Magnesium powder, Hexachlorethane, Naphthalene

Ingredients 85

Cyanogen, Ethanedinitrile, Dicyan, Oxalic acid dinitrile, Dicyanide Chloroacetone, 1-Chloro-2-propanone

Lampblack 3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazole copper salt

Cast explosive Cast explosive Cast explosive Cast explosive Agent 1-10,1,10-bis[(3-dimethylcarbamoxyapicolinyl)ethylamine]decade dimethobromide 1/2 hydrate

Agent 1-8, 1,8-bis[(3-dimethylcarbamoxyapicolinyl)ethylamino]octane dimethobromide monohydrate

CA

Carbon black CDNTA

CE CE CE CE Chemical agent 4-686-293-01

Chemical agent 4-686-293-02

CA

CA

Nitrobromoform, Bromoacquinite, Tribromonitromethane, Picfume bromide Chloroacetone, 1-Chloro-2-propanone

Synonyms

Bromopicrin

Black smoke

Common Name Black smoke

Anhydrous hydrazine, Cyanogen bromide, Isopropyl alcohol, Sodium nitrite, Sodium bicarbonate, Copper nitrate cryohydrate Sodium nitrate, Sodium chloride, Sugar, Charcoal powder Potassium nitrate, Sodium chlorate, Sugar, Charcoal powder Potassium nitrate, Potassium chlorate, Sugar, Charcoal powder Sodium nitrate, Potassium chlorate, Sugar, Charcoal powder 3-Pyridol, Ethylmethylamine, Formaldehyde, Pyridine, Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, Sodium carbonate, Chloroform, Sodium sulfate, 1,10-Dibromodecane, Acetone, Acetonitrile, Charcoal, Ethyl acetate 3-Pyridol, Ethylmethylamine, Formaldehyde, Pyridine, Dimethylcarbamoly chloride, Sodium carbonate, Chloroform, Sodium sulfate, 1,8-Dibromodecane, Acetone, Acetonitrile, Charcoal, Ethyl acetate

Ingredients Hexachloroethane, Alpha naphthol, Anthracene, Aluminum powder, Smokeless powder, Naphthalene Black powder, Potassium nitrate, Coal tar, Charcoal powder, Paraffin Liquid bromine, Chlorine, Nitromethane, Carbon tetrachloride, Potassium hydroxide Acetone, Sulfuric acid, Chlorine gas, Chloroform, Calcium chloride Dimethyoxymethane, Nitrate cryohydrate, Liquid hydrogen cyanide Acetone, Sulfuric acid, Chlorine gas, Methylene chloride, Calcium chloride

86 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

CX

CNTA Comp C-1 Copper azide Copper fulminate CS

CN

CK

CK

Chlorosarin

Chloropicrin

Chemical agent 4-692-530-02 Chlorine gas Chloropicrin

Chemical agent 4-692-530-01

(continued)

3-Pyridol, Pyrrolidine, Formaldehyde, Pyridine, Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, Sodium carbonate, Chloroform, Sodium sulfate, Sodium sulfate, Tetrahydrofuran, a,a′-Dibromo4,4′-biacetophenone, Ethanol, Charcoal, Ethyl ether Bis{a-[(3-dimethylcarbamoxyphenol)methylamino]}- Ethyl alcohol, 3-Dimethylcarbomoxydimethylanaline, a,a′Dibromo-4,4′-biacetophenone, Charcoal, Ethyl acetate 4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate Bleach, Ammonia Nitrochloroform, Acquinite, Trichloronitromethane, Sodium hydroxide, Nitromethane, Chlorine gas, Picfume Calcium chloride Nitrochloroform, Acquinite, Trichloronitromethane, Sodium hypochlorite, Nitromethane, Calcium chloride Picfume CICB, Isopropylmethylphosphonochloridate, Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Isopropyl alcohol, Isopropoxymethylphosphoryl chloride Toluene, Pyridine, Calcium chloride Sodium cyanide, Carbon tetrachloride, Ethyl alcohol, Cyanogen chloride, Chloride cyanide Chlorine gas Sodium cyanide, Glacial acetic acid, Chlorine gas, Carbon Cyanogen chloride, Chloride cyanide tetrachloride Chloroacetophenone, Mace, 2-Chloro-1Benzene, Aluminum chloride, 2-Chloroacetyl chloride, phenylethanone, 2-Chloroacetophenone Hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Methylene chloride, Calcium chloride, Hexanes Cupric sulfate, 5-Aminotetrazole, Sulfuric acid, Sodium nitrite 5-Nitroterazole copper salt RDX, Mineral oil, Lecithin Sodium azide, Copper-II-sulfate pentahydrate Copper nitrate, Nitric acid, Ethanol Methanol, Malononitrile, o-Chlorobenzaldehyde, Piperdine o-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile, B,B-Dicyano-ochlorostyrene, o-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile Phosgene oxime, Dichlorofirmoxime, Hornet gas, Tetrahydrofuran, Hydrogen chloride, Chloropicrin, Powdered tin Nettle gas

Bis{a-[(3-dimethylcarbamoxyapicolinyl)pyrrolidinio]}-4,4′biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate

Ingredients 87

Synonyms RDX, C4 RDX, C4 Diphenylchloroarsine 1,3-Diazido-2-nitrazapropane

1,3-Diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

5-Carboxy-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

1,1-Dichloro-2-propanone, 1,1-Dichloroacetone 5,7-Dinitro-5,7-diaza-1,3-dioxabicyclooctan-2-one

Diazodinitrophenol

Diazodinitrophenol

1,5-Diazido-3-nitrazapentane

4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol 4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol

4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol Diimine, N,N′-bis-Isopropylethylenediimine Dintroxydiethylnitramine

Common Name Cyclonite Cyclonite DA DANP

DATB

DATBA

DCA DDD

DDNP

DDNP

DIANP

Diazodinitrophenol Diazodinitrophenol

Diazodinitrophenol DIM DINA

Ingredients Methenamine, Nitric acid Hexamine, Nitric acid Benzene, Arsenic trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Hexanes Acetic anhydride, Nitric acid, Hexamine, Acetic acid, Methylene chloride, Sodium bicarbonate, Magnesium sulfate, Dioxane, Hydrogen chloride, Acetone, Sodium azide m-phenylenediamine, Methanol, Sodium carbonate, Ethyl chloromate, Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid 2-Amino-2-methylpropane, Methylene chloride, 1,3,5-Trifluoro2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, Potassium hydrogen carbonate, Trifluoroacetic acid, Cyanotrimethylsilane, Nitromethane, Acetonitrile, Sulfuric acid Acetone, Sulfuric acid, Chlorine, Calcium chloride Triethylamine, Acetonitrile, Methylenedinitramine, 4,5-Dichloro1,3-dioxolan-2-one, Silica gel, Benzene, Ethanol Picric acid, Sulfur, Potassium nitrate, Sulfuric acid, Sodium hydroxide Picric acid, Sulfur, Sodium nitrate, Sulfuric acid, Sodium hydroxide DMSO, Sodium azide, DINA, Methylene chloride, Sodium sulfate, Activated alumina Nitric acid, Kerosene, Ammonium picramate, Ethanol Methyl green, Sodium picramate, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium nitrate Sodium picramate, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium nitrate Isopropylamine, Glyoxal, Diethyl ether Nitric acid, Diethanolamine, Acetic anhydride, Acetyl chloride, Acetone, Potassium carbonate

88 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Dintroxydiethylnitramine

Dintroxydiethylnitramine

Diisopropylamine trinatrate Adamsite, Phenarsazine chloride, Diphenylaminechloroarsine, 10-Chloro-5,10dihydrophenarsazine 2,4-Dinitro-2,4-diazapentane

Dintroxydiethylamine nitrate 1,1′-Dintro-3,3′-azo-1,2,4-triazole

4,4-Dinitro-1-butanol

1,4-Dinitrofurazano piperazine

2,4-Dinitrophenol Lead picrate 2,4-Dinitrophenylurea

4,6-Dinitroresorcinol Methylenedinitrotetraazacyclooctane

DINA

DINA

DITN DM

DMMD

DNAN DNAT

DNB

DNFA-P

DNP DNP DNPU

DNR DPT Dynamite

(continued)

Formaldehyde, Methylnitramine, Methylene chloride, Magenesium sulfate, Sulfuric acid, Chloroform, Hexane Nitric acid, Diethanolamine, Ethanol, Ether, Acetone Potassium permanganate, 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium bisulfite, Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid, Acetic anhydride, Acetone TNB, Methanol, Potassium iodide, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium bisulfite, Methylene chloride, Magnesium sulfate Hydroxylamine hydrochloride, Glyoxal, Sodium carbonate, Ethanol, Chlorine, Chloroform, Methanol, Ethylenediamine, Ethylene glycol, Sodium hydroxide, Trifluoroacetic anhydride, Nitric acid, Acetone Phenol, Sodium nitrite, Sodium hydroxide, Nitric acid Lead oxide, Picric acid, Alcohol Phenylurea, Methylene chloride, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Sodium bicarbonate Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Resorcinol diacetate, Urea Nitrourea, Formaldehyde, Sodium hydroxide, Ammonia Nitroglycerin, Sodium nitrate, Nitrocellulose, Woodmeal, Potassium nitrate

Acetic anhydride, Hydrochloric acid, Diethanolamine, Methylene chloride, Nitric acid, Sodium bicarbonate Nitric acid, Diethanolamine, Hydrogen chloride, Sodium bicarbonate Diisopropylamine, Nitric acid Benzene, Pyridine, Diphenylamine, Arsenic trichloride

Ingredients 89

Ethyldichloroarsine Ethylenediamine dinitrate N,N′-Di-2-ethanolethylenediamine tetranitrate Nitroglycol, Ethylene glycol

ED EDDN EDT EGDN Emulsion explosive ETN

Erythritol tetranitrate

Ethyldichloroarsine

Synonyms

ED

Dynamite

Dynamite Dynamite Dynamite

Dynamite Dynamite

Dynamite Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite Dynamite

Common Name Dynamite

Ingredients Nitroglycerin, Ammonium oxalate, Nitrocellulose, Woodmeal, Sodium nitrate Nitroglycerin, Sodium nitrate, Sodium carbonate, Woodmeal Nitroglycerin, Sodium nitrate, Potassium chloride, Woodmeal, Chalk Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Nitrocellulose, Woodmeal, Vaseline, Charcoal powder Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Barium nitrate, Woodmeal, Starch Nitroglycerin, Barium nitrate, Sodium carbonate, Woodmeal Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Anhydrous sodium sulfate, Woodmeal Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Ammonium oxalate, Woodmeal Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Nitrocellulose, Ammonium oxalate, Woodmeal Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Woodmeal Nitroglycerin, Sodium nitrate, Ammonium oxalate, Woodmeal Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Ammonium oxalate, Nitrocellulose, Woodmeal Nitroglycerin, Potassium perchlorate, Ammonium oxalate, Nitrocellulose, Woodmeal Ethyl chloride, Magnesium metal turnings, Tetrahydrofuran, Arsenic trichloride, Hexanes Tetraethyl lead, Arsenic trichloride Ethylenediamine, Nitric acid, Ethanol Nitric acid, Ethanol, N,N′′-Diethanolethylenediamine Dinitrate ethylene glycol, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid Ammonium nitrate, Water, Oil, Oleic acid, Sodium hydroxide Sulfuric acid, Erythritol, Nitric acid, Sodium carbonate, Ethanol

90 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Flash comp Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder Flash powder

FI Fire bricks Fire gel Flash comp Flash comp Flash comp Flash comp Flash comp Flash comp

Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder Pyrotechnic powder, Flashlight powder

Homemade napalm

Flash incendiary

(continued)

Zinc dust, Sulfur Aluminum powder, Plaster of Paris Styrofoam, Gasoline Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Sugar Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Charcoal powder Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Antimony sulfide, Potassium nitrate Potassium perchlorate, Sodium salicylate Potassium perchlorate, Barium nitrate, Aluminum powder Potassium perchlorate, Antimony trisulfide, Lampblack, Aluminum powder, Barium carbonate Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Antimony powder Potassium chlorate, Antimony sulfide, Sulfur Potassium chlorate, Charcoal powder, Sulfur Potassium permanganate, Aluminum powder, Sulfur Barium peroxide, Aluminum powder, Magnesium powder Potassium chlorate, Red phosphorus, Sulfur, Calcium carbonate Potassium perchlorate, Barium nitrate, Aluminum powder Sodium chlorate, Charcoal powder, Sulfur Sodium perchlorate, Aluminum powder, Sulfur Potassium perchlorate, Aluminum powder, Sulfur Potassium perchlorate, Barium nitrate, Aluminum powder Potassium perchorate, Aluminum powder Sodium perchlorate, Aluminum powder Potassium perchlorate, Magnesium powder, Sulfur Potassium perchlorate, Magnesium powder Sodium perchlorate, Magnesium powder, Sulfur Sodium perchlorate, Magnesium powder Potassium chlorate, Gallic acid, Red gum

Ingredients 91

Common Name

Thiotabun, Dimethylamidoethoxythiophosphorus cyanide, N-Diethylthiophosphoroamidocyanidate

GAA

GBE

GBE

GB

Gallic acid GB

Sarin, Trilon 46, Isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylmethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin, Trilon 46, Isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylmethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-ethyl, Sarin-II, Isopropylethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylethylphosphyl fluoride Sarin-ethyl, Sarin-II, Isopropylethylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropylethylphosphyl fluoride

Tabun-II, Diethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, N-Diethylphosphoramidocynidate

GAA

GA

Tibun, Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, Dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate Tabun, Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, Dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate

Synonyms Fluorotabun hydrochloride, Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl fluoride hydrochloride, N-Dimethylphosphoramidofluoridatehydrochloride 1,3,5-Trifluoro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

GA

F-TNB

FTH

Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium fluoride, Isopropyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether, Toluene Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Isopropyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Ethyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Isopropyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Ethyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium fluoride, Isopropyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether, Toluene

Sulfuric acid, Potassium nitrate, 1,3,5-Trifluorobenzene, Methylene chloride, Hexane, Charcoal, Sodium sulfate Phosphorus oxytrichloride, Ethylene dichloride, Dimethylamine, Sodium carbonate, Sodium cyanide, Ethyl alcohol, Acetonitrile Phosphorus oxytrichloride, Ethylene dichloride, Dimethylamine, Sodium carbonate, Sodium cyanide, Ethyl alcohol, Acetonitrile, Pyridine Phosphorus oxytrichloride, Ethylene dichloride, Ethylene dichloride, Sodium carbonate, Sodium cyanide, Ethyl alcohol, Acetonitrile Thiophosphorus trichloride, Trichloroethylene, Dimethylamine, Sodium carbonate, Sodium cyanide, Ethyl alcohol, Acetonitrile

Ingredients Phosphorus oxytrichloride, Ethylene dichloride, Dimethylamine, Sodium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, Ethyl alcohol, Chloroform, Petroleum ether

92 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Gelatin explosive GF

GDS

GDCI

GD

GD

GD

GBI

GBI

Cyclosarin, o-Cyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate, CMPF

Sarin-isopropyl, Sarin-III, Isopropyl-2propylphosphonofluoridate, Isoproproxy-2propylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin-isopropyl, Sarin-III, Isopropyl-2propylphosphonofluoridate, Isopropoxy-2propylphosphoryl fluoride Soman, Trilon, Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, 1,2,2-Trimethylpropyl ester Soman, Trilon, Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, 1,2,2-Trimethylpropyl ester Soman, Trilon, Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, Methylphosphonofluoridic acid 1,2,2-Trimethylpropyl ester Chlorosoman, Chlorotrilon, Pinacolyl methylchlorophosphorusfluoridate, Methylchlorophosphorusfluoridic acid, 1,3-Trimethylpropyl ester Thiosoman, Thioytrilon, Pinacolyl methylthiophosphorusfluoridate, Methylthiophosphorusfluoridic acid, 1,3Trimethylpropyl ester

(continued)

Nitroglycol, Nitrocellulose, Potassium nitrate, Flour Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium fluoride, Cyclohexanol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether, Toluene

Phosphorus trichloride, Methyl disulfide, Methyl iodide, Toluene, Sodium fluoride

Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Isopropyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium fluoride, Isopropyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether, Toluene Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Isopropyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Isopropyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium fluoride, Pinacolyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether, Toluene Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Pinacolyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Pinacolyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether, Toluene Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Pinacolyl alcohol, Toluene, Pyridine, Calcium chloride

Ingredients 93

Common Name

2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitrodiphenylmethane

Thiosarin, Sulfur sarin, Isopropylethylthiophosphorusfluoridate, Isopropylethylthiophosphorus fluoride, o-Isopropyl methylphosphonoffluoridothioate Hexanitrobibenzyl

Synonyms Cyclosarin, o-Cyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate, CMPF

HGNTA

Mercury nitrotetrazole

Hexamethylenetretramine dinitrate Hexamine Methenamine Hexanitrate Sorbitol hexanitrate Hexol Hexanitrobibenzyl

HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix Hexadition

HBN

Green smoke GS

GF

Ammonia, Formaldehyde Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Sorbitol, Ethanol, Sodium carbonate TNT, Benzene, Methanol, Sodium hypochlorite, Sodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide, CNTA, Mercury II nitrate, Nitric acid

Benzene, Methanol, TNT, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium hypochlorite Potassium bichromate, Antimony sulfide Potassium permanganate, Powdered sugar Barium chlorate, Paraffin wax Potassium perchlorate, Cane sugar Sodium nitrate, Sulfur Sodium peroxide, Sulfur Sodium chlorite, Aluminum powder Magnesium chlorate, Aluminum powder Guanidine nitrate, Antimony powder Ammonium nitrate, Gasoline TNT, Tetradrofuran, Potassium hydroxide, Picryl choride, Dimethylsulfoxide, Hydrochloric acid, Acetonitrile, Methanol Hexamethylenetetramine, Nitric acid, Acetone

Ingredients Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium fluoride, Cyclohexanol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether Black powder, Potassium nitrate, Red arsenic, Sulfur, Antimony Phosphorus trichloride, Methyl disulfide, Methyl iodide, Toluene, Sodium fluoride, Isopropyl alcohol

94 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

N-Ethyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl) amine, N,N-bis(2chloroethyl)ethanamine, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylamine N-Ethyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl) amine, N,N-bis(2chloroethyl)ethanamine, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylamine N-Methyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine, N,N-bis (2-chloroethyl)methamine, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylmethylamine N-Methyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)methamine, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylmethylamine Tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine, 2-Chloro-N,N-bis (2-chloroethyl)ethaneamine, 2,2′2′′-Trichlorotriethylamine Tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine, 2-Chloro-N,N-bis (2-chloroethyl)ethaneamine, 2,2′2′′-Trichlorotriethylamine Tris(beta-chlorobutyl)amine, 2-Chloro-N,N-bis (2-chlorobutyl)butaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotributylamine Tris(beta-chlorobutyl)amine, 2-Chloro-N,N-bis (2-chlorobutyl)butaneamine, 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotributylamine Hexanitrobiphenyl Hydrazine nitroform, Hydrazinium nitroformate Hydrazine nitroform, Hydrazinium nitroformate

HN1

HNBP HNF HNF

HN4

HN4

HN3

HN3

HN2

HN2

HN1

Hexamtheylenetriperoxide diamine Octogen, Tetranitrotetraazacyclooctane Octogen, Tetranitrotetraazacyclooctane

HMTD HMX HMX

(continued)

Picryl chloride, Ethylene dichloride, Copper powder, Acetone Nitroform, Diethyl ether, Hydrazine Nitroform, Methanol, Hydrazine

Tributanolamine, Hydrochloric acid, Chloroform, Acetone, Sulfur, Chlorine gas, Sodium carbonate

Tributanolamine, Thionyl chloride, Chloroform, Acetone, Sodium carbonate

Triethanolamine, Thinyl chloride, Chloroform, Acetone, Sodium carbonate

Triethanolamine, Thionyl chloride, Chloroform, Acetone, Sodium carbonate

Diethanolmethylamine, Thionyl chloride, Chloroform, Acetone, Sodium carbonate

Hexamethylenetetramine, Citric acid, Hydrogen peroxide Nitric acid, Phosphorus pentoxide, Solex Nitric acid, Ammonium nitrate, Paraformaldehyde, Hexamine, Acetone, Acetic acid, Acetic anhydride Diethanolethylamine, Thionly chloride, Chloroform, Acetone, Sodium carbonate Diethanolethylamine, Hydrochloric acid, Chloroform, Acetone, Sulfur, Chlorine gas, Sodium carbonate Diethanolmethylamine, Hydrochloric acid, Chloroform, Sulfur, Chlorine gas, Sodium carbonate

Ingredients 95

Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzane

Hexanitrostilbene trinitrobenzyl chloride

Hexanitrostilbene

Hexanitrotetrachloroazobenzene Calcium hypochlorite

HNIW

HNS

HNS

HNTCAB HTH Hydrogen gas Hydrogen gas IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

Improvised ANFO Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Poor-man’s C4 Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

Synonyms 1,1,1,6,6,6-Hexanitrohexyne-3

Common Name HNH-3

Ingredients Nitroform, Methyl acetate, Silver-I oxide, 1,4-Dibromobutyne-2, Chloroform Glyoxal, Benzylamine, Formic acid, Acetonitrile, Acetic anhydride, Palladium on charcoal, Bromobenezene, Chloroform, Sulfolane, Nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate, Ethyl acetate Triethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, Methylene chloride, Sodium hydroxide, Methanol TNT, DMSO, Oxygen gas, Sodium benzoate, Hydrochloric acid, Methanol, Acetone Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, 3,5-Dichloraniline Hypochlorites (calcium/sodium), Glycerin Hydrochloric acid, Aluminum metal Sodium hydroxide, Aluminum metal Sodium chlorate, Fuel oil Aluminum, Sulfur, Starch Sugar, Sodium peroxide Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Methanol (methyl alcohol) Potassium chlorate, Petroleum jelly Potassium permanganate, Sugar, Aluminum powder Potassium permanganate, Sugar, Magnesium powder Sugar, Potassium nitrate, Ferric oxide Sodium carbonate, Sulfur Potassium chlorate, Aluminum powder Sodium chlorate, Paraffin Potassium chlorate, Diesel fuel, Paraffin Potassium chlorate, Sugar Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Charcoal Potassium chlorate, Charcoal powder, Sulfur Potassium permanganate, Sulfur, Aluminum powder

96 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Potassium dinitramide

Potassium nitroform

Iron KND

KND

KNF

Lead azide

Potassium dinitramide

Inositol nitrate

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture Improvised ANFO Improvised explosive mixture Sub-VX,S-(2-dimethylaminomethyl)-o-ethyl methylphosphonothiolate, o-Ethyl S-[2(dimethylamino)methyl]methylphosphonothioate Inositol hexanitrate

IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IIVX

(continued)

Sulfamic acid, Potassium hydroxide, Ethanol, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Acetone, Isopropyl alcohol Nitronium tetrafluoroborate, Acetonitrile, Ammonium carbonate, Potassium carbonate, Diethyl ether, Acetone, Ethyl acetate, Butanol Dioxane, Potassium nitrite, Potassium bicarbonate, Tetranitromethane Lead acetate, Sodium azide

Quebrachitol, Hydrochloric acid, Ethanol, Diethyl ether, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium sulfate

Potassium chlorate, Sulfur Barium peroxide, Magnesium powder Potassium chlorate, Sugar Ammonium perchlorate, Aluminum powder, Iron oxide Potassium nitrate, Magnesium powder Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Aluminum powder Potassium permanganate, Sugar Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Magnesium powder Potassium permanganate, Sulfur, Magnesium powder Potassium permanganate, Sulfur Potassium permanganate, Sugar Sodium nitrate, Magnesium powder, Sulfur Potassium chlorate, Magnesium powder Potassium chlorate, Fuel oil Potassium nitrate, Iron powder Diethyl ether, Dichloromethylphosphine, Ethyl alcohol, N,NDiethylamine, 2-Dimethylaminomethanol, Rhombic sulfur

Ingredients 97

Methylnitramine

Methylene chloride, Magnesium metal turnings, Tetrahydrofuran, Arsenic trichloride, Hexanes Mercury-II-nitrate, Sodium azide Mercury, Nitric acid, Ethanol Mercury, Nitric acid, Alcohol Ammonia, Mercury oxide, Nitric acid Nitric acid, Methylene diformamide, Acetic anhydride, Formic acid, Benzene m-Cresol, Sodium nitrite, Sodium hydroxide, Nitric acid Nitric acid, N-Methyl gluconamide, Acetic anhydride, Sodium bicarbonate, Methanol Dimethylurea, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Methylene chloride, Sodium carbonate

Methyldichloroarsine

MNA

CNTA, Hydrogen sulfide, Benzene, Lead-II-hydroxide

Lead nitrotetrazole

2,4,6-Trinitro-3-methylphenol N-Methyl gluconamide pentanitrate

Aluminum powder, Tetrachlorethylene Nitric acid, Nitrobenzene Aluminum powder, Nitrobenzene, Carbon tetrachloride

Ingredients Sodium azide, Lead acetate, Water Picric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Lead nitrate Styphinic acid, Sodium hydroxide, Lead-II-nitrate Styphinic acid, Magnesium carbonate, Lead nitrate, Nitric acid Phloroglucinol, Glacial acetic acid, Sodium nitrite, Lead nitrate Acetylene, Arsenic trichloride, Mercuric chloride, Hydrochloric acid Acetylene, Arsenic trichloride, Aluminum chloride

2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-phenolate 2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-II-resorcinate 2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-II-resorcinate Trinitrophloroglucinol lead salt 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine, 2-Chloroethenyl arsenous dichloride, Chlorovinylarsine dichloride 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine, 2-Chloroethenyl arsenous dichloride, Chlorovinylarsine dichloride Liquid explosive Liquid explosive Liquid explosive

Synonyms

Methylpcric acid MGP

Mercury azide Mercury fulminate Mercury fulminate Mercury nitride Methylene dinitramine

LEXP LEXP LEXP Linseed oil Lithium carbonate LNTA Magnesium MD

Lewisite

Common Name Lead azide Lead picrate Lead styphnate Lead styphnate Lead TNP Lewisite

98 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

N-2-Nitroxyethyl nitramine

Nitroglycerin 2-Nitroimino-5-nitro-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine

Mitrated cornstarch Improvised explosive mixture Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate

Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate

Smokeless powder Nitrated cellulose, Gun cotton, Cellulosetrinitrate

NG NINHT

Nitric acid Nitric acid Nitro starch Nitro starch Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose Nitrocellulose Nitrocellulose Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose Nitrocellulose

5-Nitro-2(3,5-diamino-2,3,6-trinitrophenl)-1,2,4triazole

1-Methyl-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole

NENA

Molotov cocktail NDTT

MNTA

(continued)

Anhydrous hydrazine, Cyanogen bromide, Isopropyl alcohol, Sodium nitrite, Sodium bicarbonate, Copper nitrate trihydrate, Nitric acid, Diethyl ether Gasoline, Sulfuric acid, Potassium chlorate, Sugar Potassium nitrate, Sulfuric acid, 1,3,5-Trifluorobenzene, Methylene chloride, Hexane, Tert-butylamine, Trifluoroacetic acid, 1,2-Dichloroethane, 3-Amino-1,2,4-traizole, Glacial acetic acid, Sodium nitrite, Urea, Ethyl acetate, Dimethylformaide, Diethyl ether, Sodium sulfate, Methanol Ethanolamine, Diethyl ether, Ethyl chlorocarbonate, Sodium hydroxide, Magnesium sulfate, Nitric acid, Anhydrous ammonia Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Glycerin, Sodium bicarbonate Hydrochloric acid, Nitroguanidine, Hexamine, Methanol, Sodium nitrite, Nitric acid Potassium nitrate, Sulfuric acid, Water Sodium nitrate, Sulfuric acid, Water Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Cornstarch, Ammonia Starch, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Cellophane, Cotton, Sodium bicarbonate Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Cotton, Sodium bicarbonate Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Newspaper, Sodium bicarbonate Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Wood cellulose, Sodium bicarbonate Phosphorus pentoxide, Methylene chloride, Nitric acid, Cotton balls, Sodium bicarbonate Cellulose, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Water Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Wood pulp, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium bicarbonate, Carbon disulfide

Ingredients 99

Trinitromethane

Fly mines Fly mines NG

Nitroform

Nitrogen tri-iodide Nitrogen tri-iodide Nitroglycerin Nitroguanidine Nitro-PCB

2-Methyl-2-(N-nitro-N-trinitroethylamino)-1,3propyl dinitrate

3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one

NTO

N-Nitro-N-methylhydroxy acetamidenitrate Neopentylene phosphoryl fluoridate, Neopentylene fluorophosphate Neopentylene thiophosphorus fluoridate, Neopentylene fluorophosponothioate Nitroglycerine 3,5-Dinitro-2,3,4-triazole

NTND

N′-Tetranitrate

NQ NTA

NPSF

NMHAN NPF

Trinitromethane

Nitroform

Synonyms

3-Nitroperchlorylbenzene

Trinitromethane

Common Name Nitroform

Ingredients Nitric acid, Isopropyl alcohol, Methylene chloride, Calcium chloride Methanol, Potassium nitrate, Potassium carbonate, Tetranitromethane, Hydrogen chloride, Methylene chloride, Diethyl ether Methanol, Sodium nitrate, Sodium bicarbonate, Tetranitromethane, Hydrochloric acid, Methylene chloride, Calcium sulfate Ammonium nitrate, Chlorine gas Anhydrous ammonia, Chlorine gas, Water Glycerin, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid Guanidine, Sulfuric acid, Water Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Perchlorylbenzene, Benzene, Petroleum ether Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, N-Methylhydroxy acetamide Phosphorus oxytrichloride, Benzene, Neopentyl glycol, Pyridine, Petroleum ether, Ammonium fluoride Thiophosphorus trichloride, Benzene, Neopentyl glycol, Pyridine, Petroleum ether, Ammonium fluoride Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Glycerol, Magnesium sulfate Anhydrous hydrazine, Cyanogen bromide, Isopropyl alcohol, Sodium nitrite, Sodium bicarbonate, Copper nitrate trihydrate, Nitric acid, Diethyl ether Ethylenediamine, Ethylene oxide, Phosphorus pentoxide, Nitric acid, Ammonia, Diethyl ether 2-Methyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol, Nitroform, Formaldehyde, Ethanol, Magnesium sulfate, Acetic anhydride, Nitric acid, Sodium bicarbonate Semicarbazide hydrochloride, Formic acid, Nitric acid

100 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Pentaerythritol tetratrinitrate Pentaerythritol tetratrinitrate

Pentaerithrytol tetratnitrate Vaseline Carbonyl chloride, Carbonic dichloride, Chloroformyl chloride Carbonyl chloride, Carbon oxychloride Carbonyl chloride, Carbonic dichloride, Chloroformyl chloride Carbonyl chloride, Carbon oxychloride

PETN PETN

PETN Petroleum jelly Phosgene

Plastic explosive Plastic explosive Plastic explosive

Phosgene Phosphorus Picramic acid Picric acid Picric acid Picric acid Picryl chloride

2,4,6-Trinitrophenol 1-Chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

2-Amino-4,6-dinitrophenol Improvised explosive mixture

Pentaerythritol trinitrate

PEN

Phosgene Phosgene

Ammonium chloride, Benzene, Perchloryl fluoride Benzene, Arsenic trichloride, Aluminum chloride Pentaerythritol, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Methylene chloride, Urea, Sodium bicarbonate, Diethyl ether Pentaerythritol, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Methylene chlorine, Urea, Sodium bicarbonate Pentaerythritol, Nitric acid, Acetone, Ethanol Pentaerythritol, Nitric acid, Acetone, Sulfuric acid, Sodium carbonate Pentaerythrite, Nitric acid

Perchorylbenzene Phenyldichloroarsine Pentaerythritol trinitrate

(continued)

Glacial acetic acid, Ammonium picramic acid Phenol, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Water Aspirin, Sulfuric acid, Potassium nitrate, Alcohol Phenol, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium nitrite, Nitric acid Chlorobenzene, Potassium nitrate, Sulfuric acid, Acetone, Methanol RDX, Paraffin, Bearing grease Potassium chlorate, Petroleum jelly, Aluminum powder RDX, Nitroglycerin, Petroleum jelly

Sulfur trioxide, Carbon tetrachloride

Sulfuric acid, Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine gas, Carbon monoxide

Chlorine gas, Activated charcoal, Carbon monoxide

Sulfuric acid, Urea, Nitric acid

Nitrourea

NU Parlon PCB PD PEN

Ingredients 101

Common Name

SATP SEI SEI Silver azide Silver fulminate

Rocket fuel

Rocket fuel

Rocket fuel

Red smoke Rocket fuel

RDX Red smoke Red smoke

Polyvichloride Potassium chlorate Potassium chlorate PSE Quebrachitol nitrate RDX RDX RDX

PNT

Di-silver aminotetrazole perchlorate Self-igniting incendiary Self-igniting incendiary

Clyclonite, Cyclotrimethyethylenetrinitramine

Pressure-sensitive explosive Monomethyl cyclohexanepentanitrate Clyclonite, Cyclotrimethyethylenetrinitramine Clyclonite, Cyclotrimethyethylenetrinitramine Clyclonite, Cyclotrimethyethylenetrinitramine

PVC

Synonyms 2,3,4,5,6-Pentanitrotoluene

Potassium chloride, Bleach (Calcium hypochlorite) Potassium chloride, Bleach Red phosphorus, Potassium chlorate, Alcohol Quebrachitol, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Sodium bicarbonate Hexamine, Nitric acid, Sodium nitrate Propionitrile, Sulfuric acid, Trioxane, Nitric acid DAPT, Acetic acid, Ammonium nitrate, Nitric acid, Acetic anhydride 1,3,5-Tripropionylhexahydro-s-triazine, Nitric acid Potassium chlorate, Diethylaminorosidone, Powdered sugar Potassium chlorate, Methylaminoanthraquinone, Sodium bicarbonate, Sulfur Potassium perchlorate, Antimony sulfide, Rhodamine red, Dextrin Ammonium nitrate, Ammonium perchlorate, Epoxy resin, Aluminum powder Ammonium nitrate, Ammonium perchlorate, Polyester resin, Charcoal powder Ammonium perchlorate, Aluminum powder, Ground PVC in tetrahydrofuran Ammonium nitrate, Aluminum powder, Polyester resin, Ammonium bichromate, Charcoal powder Silver perchlorate, 5-Aminotetrazole, Perchloric acid Glycerin, Potassium permanganate Potassium permanganate, Glycerin Silver nitrate, Nitric acid, Ethanol Silver nitrate, Nitric acid, Ethanol

Ingredients TNT, Glacial acetic acid, Iron powder, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Anisole, Methylene chloride, Magnesium sulfate

102 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Trinitroanisole 5,5′′-Bi-1H-Tetrazole diammonium salt

Triazoethanol nitrate 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

TAEN TATB

TATB

TATB

Mustard gas, Kampfstoff, Yperite, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide Mustard gas, Kampfstoff, Yperite, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide Mustard gas, Kampfstoff, Yperite, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide Mustard gas II, 2,2′-Dichlorodipropryl sulfide, Bis(beta-chloropropryl) sulfide

Silver nitroform Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate, Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate Acetyltrinitro-cyclotetramethylene tetramine 2,4,6-Trinito-1,3-benzenediol 2,4,6-Trinito-1,3-benzenediol o-Ethyl 2-ethylthioethyl methylphosphonothioate

Sulfur nitride Sulfur nitride Sulfur nitride TA TADA

Sulfur mustard II

Sulfur mustard

Sulfur mustard

Sulfur mustard

SOLEX Styphnic acid Styphnic acid Sub-VX

Silver NENA Silver nitride SNF Sodium picramate Silver nitrate, NENA, Ethanol, Diethyl ether Ammonia, Silver oxide Nitroform, Ethyl ether, Silver-I-oxide Picric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Ammonium bisulfide, Carbon disulfide TAT, Nitric acid, Phosphorus pentoxide Resorcinol, Nitric acid, Sodium nitrite, Sulfuric acid Resorcinol, Nitric acid, Sodium nitrite Diethyl ether, Dichloromethylphosphine, Ethyl alcohol, N,NDiethylamine, 2-Ethylthioethanol, Rhombic sulfur Ethylene Chlorohydrin, Sodium sulfide, Nonahydrate, Hydrochloric acid Ethylene gas, Sulfur, Methylene chloride, Activated charcoal, Chlorine gas Ethylene gas, Sulfur dichloride, Methylene chloride, Activated charcoal Propylene chlorohydrin, Sodium sulfide nonahydrate, Hydrochloric acid Toluene, Sulfur, Ammonia, Chlorine Benzene, Sulfur chloride, Ammonia Toluene, Sulfur chloride, Ammonia Picryl chloride, Methanol, Potassium hydroxide Hydrogen cyanide, Sodium azide, Copper-II-sulfate pentahydrate, Hydrogen peroxide, Formic acid, Ammonium chloride Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Triazoethanol, Sodium bicarbonate 1,3,5-Trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, Xylene, Ammonia gas, Hexane 3,5-Dichloroanisole, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Ammonia gas, Toluene, Acetone 1,3,5-Trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, Benzene, Ammonia gas

Ingredients 103

1,3,5,7-Tetranitroadamantane

1,3,4,8-Tetranitro-1,4,5,8-tetraazadecalin

4,4,4-Trinitro-1-butanol

Trinitrobenzylchloride

TNAD

TNB

TNBCI

Dintrotetraoxadiazatetracyclododecane

Synonyms 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Triacetone triperoxide Triacetone triperoxide 4,4,4-Trinitrobutryaldehyde Trichlorotrinitrobenzene Tetranitro aniline Tetranitro aniline Isocyanogen tetraazide Nitramine, N-Methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitrobenzenamine

Common Name TATB TATP TATP TBA TCTNB Tetraniline Tetraniline Tetrazide Tetryl Tetryl TEX Thermite Thermite TNA

(continued) Ingredients 1,3,5-Trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, Dioxane, Ammonia gas Acetone, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydrochloric acid Acetone, Hydrogen peroxide, Sulfuric acid Nitroform, Acrolein, Methylene chloride, Magnesium sulfate 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid, Sodium nitrate, Metanitroaniline Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Metanitroaniline Isocyanogen tetrabromide, Acetone, Sodium azide Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, N,N-Dimethylaniline Dimethylaniline, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, THDFP, Urea, Sodium bicarbonate Iron oxide, Aluminum powder Magnesium powder, Ferric oxide, Aluminum powder Potassium permanganate, Adamantane, Bromine, Sodium sulfite, Hydrochloric acid, Glacial acetic acid, Aluminum foil, Toluene, Methylene iodide, Acetonitrile, Tetrahydrofuran, Sodium hydroxide, Acetone, Magnesium sulfate, Aluminum chloride, Chloroform Ethylenediamine, Glyoxal, Sodium nitrite, Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid, Ethanol 4,4,4-Trinitrobutryaldehyde, Methanol, Sodium borohydride, Hydrochloric acid, Methylene chloride, Sodium bicarbonate, Magnesium sulfate TNT, Sodium hypochlorite, Tetrahydrofuran, Methanol, Hydrochloric acid

104 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

1,4,6,9-Tetranitrodimantane

2,2,2-Trinitroethyl-2-nitroxyethyl ether

2,2,2-Trinitroethyl-2-nitroxyethyl ether

Tertranitromethamnie

Tetranitromethamnie Tetranitromethamnie Trinitropyridine 1,1,1,2-Teranitropropane

Trinitrotoluene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene 2,4,6-Trinitro-2,4,6-triazacyclohexanone

1,3,5-Trinitro-2,4,6-tripicrybenzene

TND

TNEN

TNEN

TNM

TNM TNM TNP TNP

TNT TNT TNT TNT TNT TNT TNTC

TNTPB

(continued)

Aluminum foil, Iodine powder, Carbon disulfide, 1,4,6,9Tetrabromodiamantane, Sodium bisulfite, Hydrochloric acid, Methanol, Acetonitrile, Acetone, Sodium hydroxide, Magnesium sulfate, Potassium permanganate, Toluene Methylene chloride, 2-Bromomethanol, Trioxane, Aluminum chloride, Magnesium sulfate, Nitroform, Acetone, Sodium bicarbonate, Hexane, Silver nitrate, Acetonitrile 1,2-Dichloroethane, Hexamethyldisilane, Iodine, Cyclohexane, 1,3-Dioxolane, Nitroform, Methylene chloride, Dimethylformamide, Sodium sulfate, Hydrochloric acid, Magnesium sulfate, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid Sulfuryl chloride, Acetic anhydride, Nitric acid, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium sulfate Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Malonamide Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Cyanoacetic acid Sulfuric acid, Acetasalicyclic acid, Potassium nitrate Nitroform, Diethyl ether, 1-Bromo-1-nitroethane, Sodium sulfuate Toluene, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Toluene Toluene, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Methylene chloride Toluene, Sulfuric acid, Potassium nitrate, Methylene chloride Toluene, Sulfuric acid, Sodium nitrate, Methylene chloride Toluene, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Premium unleaded gasoline Trifluoroacetic anhydride, Nitromethane, Ammonium nitrate, NIHT HCL, Ethyl acetate Copper powder, Hydrochloric acid, Methanol, Diethyl ether, Mesitylene, Trichlorotrinitrobenzene, Picrylchloride, Diatomaceous earth, Activated charcoal, Acetone

Ingredients 105

White smoke White smoke White smoke Yellow smoke Yellow smoke Yellow smoke

TX-60, Methytlphosphonothioic acid S-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl] o-ethyl ester

Trivinylarsenic, Trisvinylarsine

Urea nitrate VS

VX

Synonyms 2,4,6-Trinitrophloroglucinol Tetraminecopper chlorate Tetramminecopper chlorate 5-Ureido-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

Common Name TPG TTCC TTCC UDTNB

Ingredients Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Phloroglucinol, Hydrochloric acid Sodium chlorate, Copper sulfate, Ammonium hydroxide, Alcohol Sodium chlorate, Copper sulfate, Ammonium hydroxide, Alcohol Sulfuric acid, Potassium nitrate, 1,3,5-Trifluorobenzene, Methylene chloride, Hexane, Charcoal, Sodium sulfate, 2-Amino2-methylpropanone, Potassium hydrogen carbonate, 1,2Dichloroethane, Trifluoroacetic acid, Urea, Dimethylformamide Nitric acid, Urine Chloride gas, Magnesium metal turnings, Arsenic trichloride, Tetrahydrofuran, Pentane, Sodium sulfate Diethyl ether, Dichloromethylphosphine, Ethyl alcohol, N,NDiethylamine, 2-Diisopropylaminoethanol, Rhombic sulfur Hexachloroethane, Zinc powder Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Zinc powder, Sodium bicarbonate Zinc powder, Zinc oxide, Hexachoroethane Potassium chlorate, Paranitraniline, Lactose, Powdered sugar Potassium chlorate, Aniline, Napthalene azodimethyl Potassium chlorate, Napthalene, Azodimethyl aniline, Auramine, Sodium bicarbonate, Sulfur

106 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

5

Synonyms

107

Synonyms 1,1,1,2-Teranitropropane 1,1,1,6,6,6-Hexanitrohexyne-3 1,1-Dichloro-2-propanone, 1,1-Dichloroacetone 1,1′-Dintro-3,3′-azo-1,2,4-triazole 1,3,5,7-Tetranitroadamantane 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-Trifluoro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-Trinitro-2,4,6-tripicrybenzene 1,3-Diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,3-Diazido-2-nitrazapropane 1,4,5,8-Tetranitro-1,4,5,8-tetraazadecalin 1,4,6,9-Tetranitrodimantane 1,4-Dinitrofurazanopiperazine 1,5-Diazido-3-nitrazapentane 1,8-Bis[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-a-picolinyl)ethylamino]octane dimethobromide monohydrate 1-10-Bis[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-a-picolinyl)ethylamino]decane dimethobromide 1/2 hydrate 1-Bromo-2-propanone 1-Chloro-2-propanone 1-Chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1-Methyl-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole 2,2,2-Trichlorotributylamine 2,2,2-Trichlorotriethylamine 2,2,2-Trinitroethyl-2-nitroxyethyl ether 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitrodiphenylmethane 2,3,4,5,6-Pentanitrotoluene 2,4,6-Trinito-1,3-benzenediol 2,4,6-Trinitro-2,4,6-triazacyclohexanone

Use Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Severe irritant Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Experimental chemical agent Experimental chemical agent Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Blister agent Blister agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Common Name TNP HNH-3 DCA DNAT TNA TATB F-TNB TNTPB DATB DANP TNAD TND DNFA-P DIANP Chemical agent 4-686-293-02 Chemical agent 4-686-293-01 BC CA Picryl chloride MNTA HN4 HN3 TNEN Hexaditon PNT Styphnic acid TNTC

108 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Sulfur mustard HN1 HN2 DMMD DNP DNPU Picramic acid CN CN Lewisite HN4 HN3 Lewisite NTND NINHT NTA CDNTA NTO Nitro-PCB TNB TBA

2,2-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide 2,2′,-Dichlorodiethylamine 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylmethylamine 2,4-Dinitro-2,4-diazapentane 2,4-Dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenylurea 2-Amino-4,6-dinitrophenol 2-Chloro-1-phenylethanone 2-Chloroacetophenone 2-Chloroethenyl arsenous dichloride 2-Chloro-N,N-bis(2-chlorobutyl)butaneamine 2-Chloro-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)ethaneamine 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine 2-Methyl-2-(N-nitro-N-trinitroethylamino)-1,3-propyl dinitrate 2-Nitroimino-5-nitro-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine 3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazole 3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazole copper salt 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one 3-Nitroperchlorylbenzene 4,4,4-Trinitro-1-butanol 4,4,4-Trinitrobutyraldehyde

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Severe irritant Severe irritant Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Secondary high explosive

Methylpicric acid Lead styphnate Lead picrate Picric acid TPG TNT

2,4,6-Trinitro-3-methylphenol 2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-II-resorcinate 2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-phenolate 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol 2,4,6-Trinitrophloroglucinol 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

Synonyms 109

Synonyms 4,4-Dinitro-1-butanol 4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol 4,6-Dinitroresorcinol 4-Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl acetate 4-Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl nitrate 4-Amino-N,2,3,5,6-pentanitrotoluene 5,5′′-bi-1H-Tetrazole diammonium salt 5,7-Dintiro-5,7-diaza-1,3-dioxabicyclooctane-2-one 5-Carboxy-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 5-Nitro-2(3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrophenol)-1,2,4-triazole 5-Nitroterazolecopper salt 5-Ureido-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 7-Amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan 10-Chloro-5,10-dihydrophenarsazine Acetyltrinitro-cyclotetramethylene tetramine Acquinite Adamsite Agent 1-8 Agent 1-10 Ammonium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate Ammonium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate Ammonium chlorate Ammonium dinitramide Ammonium perchlorate ANS Arsenic hydride, Hydrogen arsenide B,B-Dicyano-o-chlorostyrene Biguanide diperchlorate Binary explosive

Common Name DNB Diazodinitrophenol DNR ADNB ADBN A-NPNT TADA DDD DATBA NDTT CNTA UDTNB ADNBF DM Solex Chloropicrin DM Chemical agent 4-686-293-02 Chemical agent 4-686-293-01 Ammonium picramate Ammonium picramate AC AND APC ANS Arsine CS BDC BE

Use Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Vomiting agent Secondary high explosive Lachrymatory agent Vomiting agent Experimental chemical agent Experimental chemical agent Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive Blood agent Severe irritant Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

110 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Experimental chemical agent Blood agent, Extreme poison Lachrymatory agent, Severe irritant Lachrymatory agent, Severe irritant Violent irritant Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent, Severe irritant Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Produces high-temperature thermal effects Lachrymatory agent, Severe irritant Choking agent Choking agent Choking agent Secondary high explosive Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Blood agent, Extreme poison Lachrymatory agent Severe irritant Choking agent Nerve agent Nerve agent

Chemical agent 4-692-530-02 AC BBC BBC BC Bromopicrin BBC Cyclonite

HTH BBC Phosgene Phosgene Phosgene CE Nitrocellulose CK CA CN Phosgene GDCl GDCl

Calcium hypochlorite Camite Carbonyl chloride Carbonic dichloride Carbon oxychloride Cast explosive Cellulosetrinitrate

Chloride cyanide Chloroacetone Chloroacetophenone Chloroformyl chloride ChloroSoman ChloroTrilon

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Experimental chemical agent

ANFO BDPF Chemical agent 4-692-530-01

Binary explosive Bis(1,3-diazido-2-propyl)formal Bis{a-[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-a-picolinyl)pyrrolidinio]}4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate Bis{a-[(3-dimethylcarbamoxyphenyl)methylamino]}4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate Blausaure a-Bromobenzeneacetonitrile a-Bromo-a-tolunitrile Bromide cyanide Bromoacquinite Bromobenzylcyanide C4

Synonyms 111

Common Name Lewisite Chlorosarin GF CA BC CK RDX

GF RDX

DDNP CA CA GAA DIM DITN GA GAA FTH GA TEX DNAN DINA CX DM DA

Synonyms Chlorovinylarsine dichloride ClCB CMPF Cyanogen Cyanogen bromide Cyanogen chloride Cyclonite

Cyclosarin Cyclotrimethyethylenetrinitramine

Diazodinitrophenol Dicyan Dicyanide Diethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide Diimine, N,N′-bis-Isopropylethylenediimine Diisopropylamine trinatrate Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide Dimethylamidoethoxythiophosphorus cyanide Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl fluoride-hydrochloride Dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate Dintrotetraoxadiazatetracyclododecane Dintroxydiethylamine nitrate Dintroxydiethylnitramine Dichlorofirmoxime Diphenylaminechloroarsine Diphenylchloroarsine

Use Blister agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Blood agent, Extreme poison Violent irritant Blood agent, Extreme poison Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Nerve agent Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Primary high explosive Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Nerve agent Severe irritant Secondary high explosive Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Blister agent Vomiting agent Lachrymatory agent

112 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

SATP AS-20 CA ETN ED ED EGDN EDDN Ammonium picrate FI Flash powder

FTH Nitrogen tri-iodide Nitrocellulose Black powder HMTD

HBN Hexol HNBP HNIW

Di-Silver aminotetrazole perchlorate Distilled arsine, Phenylarsine, Diphenylarsine Ethanedinitrile Erythritol tetranitrate Ethyldichloroarsine Ethyldichloroarsine Ethylene glycol dinitrate

Ethylenediamine dinitrate Explosive D

Flash incendiary Flashlight powder

Fluorotabun hydrochloride Fly mines

Gun cotton

Gunpowder

Hexametheylenetriperoxide diamine

Hexanitrobibenzyl Hexanitrobibenzyl Hexanitrobiphenyl Hexanitro-hexaazaisowurtzane

(continued)

Primary high explosive Blister agent Blood agent, Extreme poison Secondary high explosive Blister agent Blister agent Replaced nitroglycerin as “main” component in dynamites Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge-castable explosive “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Nerve agent Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant Secondary high explosive, Originally developed as a military propellant, Used by terrorists as main charge Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Synonyms 113

Common Name HNS HNTCAB Fire gel CX HNF HNF AC AC IEM Nitro starch Picric acid Inositol nitrate Tetrazide GBI Chlorosarin GBE GBE GS GS GBI GB GB GBI GBI Sulfur mustard Carbon black LNTA

Synonyms Hexanitrostilbene Hexanitrotetrachloroazobenzene Home-made napalm Hornet gas Hydrazine nitroform Hydrazinium nitroformate Hydrogen cyanide Hydrocyanic acid Improvised explosive mixture Improvised explosive mixture

Improvised explosive mixture

Inositol hexanitrate Isocyanogen tetraazide Isopropoxy-2-propylphosphoryl fluoride Isopropoxymethylphosphoryl chloride Isopropylethylphosphoryl fluoride Isopropylethylphosphonofluoridate Isopropylethylthiophosphorusfluoridate Isopropylethylthiophosphorus fluoride Isopropyl-2-propylphosphonofluoridate Isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate Isopropylmethylphosphoryl fluoride Isopropyl-2-propylphosphonofluoridate Isopropyl-2-propylphosphonofluoridate Kampfstoff Lampblack Lead nitrotetrazole

Use Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature incendiary Blister agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive, Blasting agent, Main charge Secondary high explosive, Main charge-castable explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Blister agent Fuel Primary high explosive

114 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

N,N′-di-2-Ethanolethylenediamine tetranitrate N-2-Nitroxyethyl nitramine Neopentylene phosphoryl fluoridate, Neopentylene fluorophosphate Neopentylene thiophosphorus fluoridate, Neopentylene fluorophosponothioate N-Ethyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl) amine N,N-bis(2-Chloroethyl)ethanamine NG

Lead picrate Liquid explosive Mace Mercury nitrotetrazole Methenamine Methylchlorophosphorusfluoridic acid 1,3-tri-methylpropyl ester Methylenedinitrotetraazacyclooctane Methylnitramine Methylphosphonofluoridic acid 1,2,2-tri-methylpropyl ester Methytlphosphonothioic acid S-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl] O-ethyl ester Methylthiophosphorusfluoridic acid 1,3-tri-methylpropyl ester Monomethyl cyclohexanepentanitrate Mustard gas II, 2,2′-Dichlorodipropryl sulfide, Bis(beta-chloropropryl) sulfide Mustard gas NC Nerve agent Secondary high explosive Blister agent Blister agent Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Nerve agent Nerve agent Blister agent Blister agent Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions

GDS Quebrachitol nitrate Sulfur mustard II Sulfur mustard Nitrocellulose

NPSF HN1 HN1 Nitroglycerin

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Nerve agent Nerve agent

DPT MNA GD VX

EDT NENA NPF

Primary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive Severe irritant Primary high explosive Used to make C4 like compounds Nerve agent

DNP LEXP CN HGNTA Hexamine GDCl

Synonyms 115

Tetryl Nitrocellulose Nitro starch Bromopicrin Chloropicrin Ammonium tri-iodide NG EGDN NU MGP HN2 HN2 NMHAN CS CS HMX GF

Nitramine

Nitrated cellulose

Nitrated cornstarch Nitrobromoform Nitrochloroform Nitrogen tri-iodide Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycol

Nitrourea

N-Methyl gluconamide pentanitrate N-Methyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine N,N-bis(2-Chloroethyl)methamine N-Nitro-N-methylhydroxy acetamidenitrate o-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile o-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile Octagen

o-Cyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate

Common Name GAA GAA FTH CX Tetryl

Synonyms N-Diethylphosphoramidocyanidate N-Diethylthiophosphoroamidocyanidate N-Dimethylphosphoramidofluoridate-hydrochloride Nettle gas N-Methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitrobenzenamine

Use Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Blister agent Secondary high explosive, Military explosive main charge Secondary high explosive, Military explosive main charge Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Secondary high explosive Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Primary high explosive, Impact sensitive material Secondary high explosive, Used in some forms of dynamite Replaced Nitroglycerin as “main” component in dynamites Secondary high explosive, Used in first World Trade Center terrorist incident Secondary high explosive Blister agent Blister agent Secondary high explosive Severe irritant Severe irritant Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in “Shock Tube” (i.e., Nonel) Nerve agent

116 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

IIVX Sub-VX GS CA HMX PETN PEN PCB DM PD CX Chloropicrin Bromopicrin GDCl GD GDS IEM PC KND KNF PSE AC Polyvinylchloride Flash powder

o-Ethyl S-[2-(dimethylamino)methyl]methylphosphonothioate o-Ethyl 2-ethylthioethyl methylphosphonothioate o-Isopropyl methyphosphonofluoridothioate Oxalic acid dinitrile Tetranitro-tetraazacyclooctane

Pentaerithrytol tetratnitrate

Pentaerithrytol trinitrate Perchorylbenzene Phenarsazine chloride Phenyldichloroarsine Phosgene oxime Picfume Picfume bromide Pinacolyl methylchlorophosphorusfluoridate Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate Pinacolyl methylthiophosphorusfluoridate Poor man’s C4 Potassium chlorate

Potassium dinitramide Potassium nitroform Pressure-sensitive explosive Prussic acid PVC Pyrotechnic powder

(continued)

Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Blood agent, Extreme poison Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in “Shock Tube” (i.e., Nonel) Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in Det Cord, Found in some plastic explosives Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Vomiting agent Blister agent Blister agent Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Impact-sensitive material Blood agent, Extreme poison Binder, Color enhancer Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks

Synonyms 117

GS GA GAA TNM HMX TTCC Tetraniline GS GDS GAA

Tetraminecopper chlorate Tetranitro aniline Thiosarin Thiosoman Thiotabun

Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in “Shock Tube” (i.e., Nonel) Improvised military propellant Primary high explosive Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent

Sodium picramate Sodium picramate GD Hexanitrate IIVX

Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate Soman Sorbitol hexanitrate Sub-VX,S-(2-dimethylaminomethyl)-o-ethyl methylphosphonothiolate Sulfur sarin Tabun Tabun-II Tertranitromethamine Tetranitro-tetraazacyclooctane

Use Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Produces high-temperature thermal effects Primary high explosive Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Nerve agent Secondary high explosive Nerve agent

Common Name Cyclonite

GB GBE GBE GBI GBI SEI SNF Nitrocellulose

Synonyms

Sarin Sarin-ethyl Sarin-II Sarin-isopropyl Sarin-III Self-igniting incendiary Silver nitroform Smokeless powder

RDX

118 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

GDS GD GB TATP TAEN Bromopicrin TCTNB Chloropicrin TA TNBCI Nitroform Lead-TNP TNP TNT Azidoethyl HN4 HN3 VS VS VX Petroleum jelly Sulfur mustard

ThioTrilon Trilon Trilon 46 Tri-acetone tri-peroxide

Triazoethanol nitrate Tribromonitromethane Trichlorotrinitrobenzene Trichloronitromethane Trinitroanisole Trinitrobenzylchloride Trinitromethane Trinitrophloroglucinol lead salt Trinitropyridine Trinitrotoluene

Tris(2-azidoethyl)amine Tris(beta-chlorobutyl)amine Tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine Trivinylarsenic Tris(vinyl)arsine TX-60 Vaseline Yperite

Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive Blister agent Blister agent Violent irritant Violent irritant Nerve agent Fuel, Stabilizer Blister agent

Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Terrorist explosive used extensively in the Middle East Primary high explosive Lachrymatory agent Secondary high explosive Lachrymatory agent Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive

Synonyms 119

6

Explosives

121

Ammonium picrate Ammonium picrate Ammonium tri-iodide Ammonpulver AND

Ammonium picramate

Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate

Picric acid, Ammonia, Ammonium bisulfide, Carbon disulfide Ammonia, Picric acid, Water Picric acid, Ammonia, benzene Ammonia, Iodine crystals Ammonium nitrate, Charcoal powder Potassium dinitramide, Ammonium sulfate, Isopropyl alcohol, Petroleum ether

Sodium nitrate, Ammonia gas, Methanol, Carbon dioxide Nitric acid, Ammonia gas, Methanol Ammonia, Nitric acid

Sodium azide, Ammonia Nitric acid, Ammonia, Methanol

Ammonium azide Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate

ADNBF Amatol

ADNB

Ingredients Ammonia, Carbon dioxide, Sodium chlorate Ammonia gas, Carbon dioxide, Sodium chlorate Hydrochloric acid, Methanol, ADNB, Methylene chloride, Nitric acid, Sodium bicarbonate, Magnesium sulfate 4,4-DNB, Methylene chloride, Magnesium sulfate, Sodium azide, Sodium hydroxide, Acetyl chloride, Ethyl acetate, Hexane Tetraniline, Glacial acetic acid, Sodium azide Ammonium nitrate, TNT

Common Name AC AC ADBN

Use

Secondary high explosive, Main charge-castable explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive, Impact-sensitive material Early form of black powder Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Low explosive, Primary ingredient in many types of commercial blasting materials (i.e., ANFO, dynamite, etc.) Primary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Mixture of TNT and Ammonium nitrate, Military explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Oxidizer Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

122 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

BE BE Black powder

BDC BDPF

Barium styphnate

Azidoethyl

ANS APC APC Astrolite

ANFO A-NPNT

AND

AND

Dimethylformamide, Sodium azide, Chloroform, Sodium sulfate, 2,2,2-Trichloroethylamine Styphnic acid, Ammonia, Barium chlorate dehydrate, Acetone Biguanide, Ethanol, Perchloric acid, Ethyl acetate 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol, Trioxane, 1,2Dichloroethane, Sulfuric acid, Sodium bicarbonate, Dimethylsulfoxide, Sodium azide, Methylene chloride, Magnesium sulfate Ammonium nitrate, Nitromethane Ammonium nitrate, Hydrazine Sodium nitrate, Sulfur, Charcoal

Nitric acid, Urea, Sulfuric acid, Nitronium tetrafluoroborate, Anhydrous ammonia, Acetonitrile, Ethyl acetate, Chloroform Acetonitrile, Ammonium carbonate, Isopropyl alcohol, Nitronium tetrafluoroborate, Anhydrous ammonia, Diethyl ether, Acetone, Butanol, Ethyl acetate Ammonium nitrate, Diesel fuel TNT, Dioxane, Hydrogen sulfide gas, Ammonia, Hydrochloric acid, Potassium iodide, Sulfuric acid, Paraformaldehyde, Methylene chloride, Nitric acid, Magnesium sulfate, Chloroform, Methanol Ammonium nitrate, Sulfur Ammonia gas, Carbon dioxide, Sodium perchlorate Ammonia, Carbon dioxide, Sodium perchlorate Ammonium nitrate, Aluminum powder, Hydrazine

(continued)

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Primary high explosive

“Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Binary high explosive, Mixture of hydrazine, aluminum, and ammonium nitrate Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Explosives 123

Methenamine, Nitric acid

Acetic anhydride, Nitric acid, Hexamine, Acetic acid, Methylene chloride, Sodium bicarbonate, Magnesium sulfate, Dioxane, Hydrogen chloride, Acetone, Sodium azide m-Phenylenediamine, Methanol, Sodium carbonate, Ethyl chlorormate, Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid

Cyclonite

DANP

DATB

Comp C-1 Copper azide Copper fulminate Cyclonite

CNTA

CE

CE

CE

CE

Ingredients Potassium nitrate, Sulfur, Charcoal Anhydrous hydrazine, Cyanogen bromide, Isopropyl alcohol, Sodium nitrite, Sodium bicarbonate, Copper nitrate trihydrate Sodium nitrate, Potassium chlorate, Sugar, Charcoal powder Sodium nitrate, Sodium chlorate, Sugar, Charcoal powder Potassium nitrate, Potassium chlorate, Sugar, Charcoal powder Potassium nitrate, Sodium chlorate, Sugar, Charcoal powder Cupric sulfate, 5-Aminotetrazole, Sulfuric acid, Sodium nitrite RDX, Mineral oil, Lecithin Sodium azide, Copper-II-sulfate pentahydrate Copper nitrate, Nitric acid, Ethanol Hexamine, Nitric acid

Common Name Black powder CDNTA

Use

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive, Plastic explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive

Primary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Low explosive, IED filler Primary high explosive

124 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

DNAN

DITN DMMD

DINA

DINA

Diazodinitrophenol Diazodinitrophenol DINA

Diazodinitrophenol

DIANP

DDNP

DDNP

DDD

DATBA

2-Amino-2-methylpropane, Methylene chloride, 1,3,5-Trifluoro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, Potassium hydrogen carbonate, Trifluoroacetic acid, Cyanotrimethylsilane, Nitromethane, Acetonitrile, Sulfuric acid Triethylamine, Acetonitrile, Methylenedinitramine, 4,5-Dichloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, Silica gel, Benzene, Ethanol Picric acid, Sulfur, Potassium nitrate, Sulfuric acid, Sodium hydroxide Picric acid, Sulfur, Sodium nitrate, Sulfuric acid, Sodium hydroxide DMSO, Sodium azide, DINA, Methylene chloride, Sodium sulfate, Activated alumina Methyl green, Sodium picramate, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium nitrate Nitric acid, Kerosene, Ammonium picramate, Ethanol Sodium picramate, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium nitrate Nitric acid, Diethanolamine, Acetic anhydride, Acetyl chloride, Acetone, Potassium carbonate Acetic anhydride, Hydrochloric acid, Diethanolamine, Methylene chloride, Nitric acid, Sodium bicarbonate Nitric acid, Diethanolamine, Hydrogen chloride, Sodium bicarbonate Diisopropylamine, Nitric acid Formaldehyde, Methylnitramine, Methylene chloride, Magnesium sulfate, Sulfuric acid, Chloroform, Hexane Nitric acid, Diethanolamine, Ethanol, Ether, Acetone Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Primary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Primary high explosive

Primary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

(continued)

Explosives 125

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

DNR DPT

DNP DNP DNPU

DNFA-P

DNB

Common Name DNAT

Ingredients Potassium permanganate, 3-Amino-1,2,4,triazole, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium bisulfite, Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid, Acetic anhydride, Acetone TNB, Methanol, Potassium iodide, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium bisulfite, Methylene chloride, Magnesium sulfate Hydroxylamine hydrochloride, Glyoxal, Sodium carbonate, Ethanol, Chlorine, Chloroform, Methanol, Ethylenediamine, Ethylene glycol, Sodium hydroxide, Trifluoroacetic anhydride, Nitric acid, Acetone Phenol, Sodium nitrite, Sodium hydroxide, Nitric acid Lead oxide, Picric acid, Alcohol Phenylurea, Methylene chloride, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Sodium bicarbonate Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Resorcinol diacetate, Urea Nitrourea, Formaldehyde, Sodium hydroxide, Ammonia Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Ammonium oxalate, Nitrocellulose, Wood meal Nitroglycerin, Sodium nitrate, Potassium chloride, Wood meal, Chalk Nitroglycerin, Barium nitrate, Sodium carbonate, Wood meal Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Anhydrous sodium sulfate, Wood meal Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Ammonium oxalate, Wood meal

Use

Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

126 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Barium nitrate, Wood meal, Starch Nitroglycerin, Sodium nitrate, Ammonium oxalate, Wood meal Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Nitrocellulose, Wood meal, Vaseline, Charcoal powder Nitroglycerin, Potassium perchlorate, Ammonium oxalate, Nitrocellulose, Wood meal Nitroglycerin, Sodium nitrate, Sodium carbonate, Wood meal Nitroglycerin, Ammonium oxalate, Nitrocellulose, Wood meal, Sodium nitrate Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Nitrocellulose, Ammonium oxalate, Wood meal Nitroglycerin, Sodium nitrate, Nitrocellulose, Wood meal, Potassium nitrate Ethylenediamine, Nitric acid, Ethanol Nitric acid, Ethanol, N,N′′-Diethanolethylenediamine Ammonium nitrate, Water, Oil, Oleic acid, Sodium hydroxide Sulfuric acid, Erythritol, Nitric acid, Sodium carbonate, Ethanol Zinc dust, Sulfur Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Sugar Potassium perchlorate, Sodium salicylate Potassium perchlorate, Antimony trisulfide, Lampblack, Aluminum powder, Barium carbonate

Dynamite

FI Flash comp Flash comp Flash comp

ETN

EDDN EDT Emulsion explosive

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Dynamite

Nitroglycerin, Potassium nitrate, Wood meal

Dynamite

(continued)

“Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive

Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations, “Gelled” explosive Secondary high explosive

Explosives 127

Barium peroxide, Aluminum powder, Magnesium powder Potassium perchlorate, Barium nitrate, Aluminum powder Potassium chlorate, Gallic acid, Red gum

Potassium chlorate, Red phosphorus, Sulfur, Calcium carbonate Potassium perchlorate, Aluminum powder, Sulfur

Potassium perchlorate, Aluminum powder

Sodium perchlorate, Magnesium powder, Sulfur

Potassium permanganate, Aluminum powder, Sulfur

Potassium perchlorate, Magnesium powder, Sulfur

Potassium chlorate, Charcoal powder, Sulfur

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash comp Flash comp Flash powder

Flash comp

Ingredients Potassium perchlorate, Barium nitrate, Aluminum powder Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Antimony sulfide, Potassium nitrate Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Charcoal powder Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Antimony powder Sodium perchlorate, Aluminum powder

Common Name Flash comp

Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks. Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks

Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive

Use Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive

128 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Sodium chlorate, Charcoal powder, Sulfur

Sodium perchlorate, Aluminum powder, Sulfur

Sodium perchlorate, Magnesium powder

Sulfuric acid, Potassium nitrate, 1,3,5Trifluorobenzene, Methylene chloride, Hexane, Charcoal, Sodium sulfate Nitro-glycol, Nitrocellulose, Potassium nitrate, Flour

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

F-TNB

HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix HE mix

HBN

Gelatin explosive

Benzene, Methanol, TNT, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium hypochlorite Barium chlorate, Paraffin wax Sodium peroxide, Sulfur Ammonium nitrate, Gasoline Sodium chlorite, Aluminum powder Potassium permanganate, Powdered sugar Guanidine nitrate, Antimony powder Potassium bichromate, Antimony sulfide Sodium nitrate, Sulfur Potassium perchlorate, Cane sugar Magnesium chlorate, Aluminum powder

Potassium chlorate, Antimony sulfide, Sulfur

Flash powder

Flash powder

Potassium perchlorate, Barium nitrate, Aluminum powder Potassium perchlorate, Magnesium powder

Flash powder

(continued)

High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive

Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive

Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Secondary high explosive

Explosives 129

HNS

HNIW

HNF HNF HNH-3

HNBP

HMX

HMX

HMTD

HGNTA

Hexol

Hexamethylenetretramine dinitrate Hexanitrate

Common Name Hexaditon

Nitric acid, Ammonium nitrate, Paraformaldehyde, Hexamine, Acetone, Acetic acid, Acetic anhydride Picryl chloride, Ethylene dichloride, Copper powder, Acetone Nitroform, Methanol, Hydrazine Nitroform, Diethyl ether, Hydrazine Nitroform, Methyl acetate, Silver-I oxide, 1,4Dibromobutyne-2, Chloroform Glyoxal, Benzylamine, Formic acid, Acetonitrile, Acetic anhydride, Palladium on charcoal, Bromobenzene, Chloroform, Sulfolane, Nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate, Ethyl acetate TNT, DMSO, Oxygen gas, Sodium benzoate, Hydrochloric acid, Methanol, Acetone

Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Sorbitol, Ethanol, Sodium carbonate TNT, Benzene, Methanol, Sodium hypochlorite, Sodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide, CNTA, Mercury II nitrate, Nitric acid Hexamethylenetetramine, Citric acid, Hydrogen peroxide Nitric acid, Phosphorus pentoxide, Solex

Ingredients TNT, Tetradrofuran, Potassium hydroxide, Picryl chloride, Dimethylsulfoxide, Hydrochloric acid, Acetonitrile, Methanol Hexamethlenetetramine, Nitric acid, Acetone

Use

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive, Originally developed as a military propellant, Used by terrorists as main charge Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in “Shock Tube” (i.e., Nonel) Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in “Shock Tube” (i.e., Nonel) Secondary high explosive

Primary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive

Secondary high explosive

130 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM

HNTCAB Hydrogen gas Hydrogen gas IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM

HNS

Trinitrobenzyl chloride, Triethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, Methylene chloride, Sodium hydroxide, Methanol Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, 3,5-Dichloraniline Hydrochloric acid, Aluminum metal Sodium hydroxide, Aluminum metal Potassium permanganate, Sulfur Potassium nitrate, Iron powder Potassium permanganate, Sugar Potassium chlorate, Sugar Potassium permanganate, Sulfur, Aluminum powder Potassium permanganate, Sulfur, Magnesium powder Potassium nitrate, Magnesium powder Sodium nitrate, Magnesium powder, Sulfur Potassium chlorate, Magnesium powder Potassium chlorate, Diesel fuel, Paraffin Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Magnesium powder Potassium chlorate, Sugar Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Aluminum powder Sugar, Potassium nitrate, Ferric oxide Potassium chlorate, Petroleum jelly Ammonium perchlorate, Aluminum powder, Iron oxide Sodium chlorate, Paraffin Potassium chlorate, Aluminum powder Potassium permanganate, Sugar, Aluminum powder Potassium chlorate, Fuel oil Potassium chlorate, Sulfur Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Charcoal (continued)

Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive

Secondary high explosive Fuel/air explosive component Fuel/air explosive component “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive

Secondary high explosive

Explosives 131

LEXP

Lead-TNP

Lead picrate Lead styphnate Lead styphnate

Lead azide Lead azide

KNF

KND

Iron KND

Common Name IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM Inositol nitrate

Picric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Lead nitrate Styphnic acid, Sodium hydroxide, Lead-II-nitrate Styphnic acid, Magnesium carbonate, Lead nitrate, Nitric acid Phloroglucinol, Glacial acetic acid, Sodium nitrite, Lead nitrate Nitric acid, Nitrobenzene

Nitronium tetrafluoroborate, Acetonitrile, Ammonium carbonate, Potassium carbonate, Diethyl ether, Acetone, Ethyl acetate, Butanol Sulfamic acid, Potassium hydroxide, Ethanol, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Acetone, Isopropyl alcohol Dioxane, Potassium nitrite, Potassium bicarbonate, Tetranitromethane Lead acetate, Sodium azide Sodium azide, Lead acetate, Water

Ingredients Sodium chlorate, Fuel oil Barium peroxide, Magnesium powder Potassium permanganate, Sugar, Magnesium powder Potassium chlorate, Charcoal powder, Sulfur Sodium carbonate, Sulfur Aluminum, Sulfur, Starch Sugar, Sodium peroxide Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Methanol (Methyl alcohol) Quebrachitol, Hydrochloric acid, Ethanol, Diethyl ether, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium sulfate

“Underground” literature explosive

Primary high explosive

Primary high explosive Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive, Used in ammunition primer and blasting caps Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Fuel Secondary high explosive

Use Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive

132 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

NENA

NDTT

MNTA

MNA

MGP

Methylpicric acid

LEXP LEXP LNTA Mercury azide Mercury fulminate Mercury fulminate Mercury nitride Methylene dinitramine

Aluminum powder, Carbon tetrachloride Aluminum powder, Tetrachlorethylene CNTA, Hydrogen sulfide, Benzene, Lead II hydroxide Mercury-II-nitrate, Sodium azide Mercury, Nitric acid, Alcohol Mercury, Nitric acid, Ethanol Ammonia, Mercury oxide, Nitric acid Nitric acid, Methylene diformamide, Acetic anhydride, Formic acid, Benzene m-Cresol, Sodium nitrite, Sodium hydroxide, Nitric acid Nitric acid, N-Methyl gluconamide, Acetic anhydride, Sodium bicarbonate, Methanol Dimethylurea, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Methylene chloride, Sodium carbonate Anhydrous hydrazine, Cyanogen bromide, Isopropyl alcohol, Sodium nitrite, Sodium bicarbonate, Copper nitrate trihydrate, Nitric acid, Diethyl ether, Dimethyl sulfate Potassium nitrate, Sulfuric acid, 1,3,5Trifluorobenzene, Methylene chloride, Hexane, Tertbutylamine, Trifluoroacetic acid, 1,2-Dichloroethane, 3-Amino-1,2,4-traizole, Glacial acetic acid, Sodium nitrite, Urea, Ethyl acetate, Dimethylformamide, Diethyl ether, Sodium sulfate, Methanol Ethanolamine, Diethyl ether, Ethyl chlorocarbonate, Sodium hydroxide, Magnesium sulfate, Nitric acid, Anhydrous ammonia Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Improvised explosive Improvised explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive

(continued)

Explosives 133

Common Name

Phosphorus pentoxide, Methylene chloride, Nitric acid, Cotton balls, Sodium bicarbonate Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Wood pulp, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium bicarbonate, Carbon disulfide Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Cellophane, Cotton, Sodium bicarbonate Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Newspaper, Sodium bicarbonate Nitric acid, Isopropyl alcohol, Methylene chloride, Calcium chloride Methanol, Potassium nitrate, Potassium carbonate, Tetranitromethane, Hydrogen chloride, Methylene chloride, Diethyl ether Methanol, Sodium nitrate, Sodium bicarbonate, Tetranitromethane, Hydrochloric acid, Methylene chloride, Calcium sulfate Ammonium nitrate, Chlorine gas

Nitrocellulose

Nitrogen tri-iodide

Nitroform

Nitroform

Nitroform

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Wood cellulose, Sodium bicarbonate Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Cotton, Sodium bicarbonate

Ingredients Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Glycerin, Sodium bicarbonate Hydrochloric acid, Nitroguanidine, Hexamine, Methanol, Sodium nitrite, Nitric acid Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Cornstarch, Ammonia Starch, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid Cellulose, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Water

Nitrocellulose

Nitro starch Nitro starch Nitrocellulose

NINHT

NG

Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Blasting agent, Main charge Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Use Secondary high explosive, Used in some forms of dynamite

134 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Perchlorylbenzene, Benzene, Petroleum ether Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, N-Methylhydroxy acetamide Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Glycerol, Magnesium sulfate Anhydrous hydrazine, Cyanogen bromide, Isopropyl alcohol, Sodium nitrite, Sodium bicarbonate, Copper nitrate trihydrate, Nitric acid, Diethyl ether Ethylenediamine, Ethylene oxide, Phosphorus pentoxide, Nitric acid, Ammonia, Diethyl ether 2-Methyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol, Nitroform, Formaldehyde, Ethanol, Magnesium sulfate, Acetic anhydride, Nitric acid, Sodium bicarbonate Semicarbazide hydrochloride, Formic acid, Nitric acid Sulfuric acid, Urea, Nitric acid

Nitro-PCB

PETN

PETN

PEN

PCB PEN

NTO NU

NTND

N′-Tetranitrate

Ammonium chloride, Benzene, Perchloryl fluoride Pentaerithrytol, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Methylene chloride, Urea, Sodium bicarbonate Pentaerithrytol, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Methylene chloride, Urea, Sodium bicarbonate, Diethyl ether Pentaerithrytol, Nitric acid, Acetone, Sulfuric acid, Sodium carbonate Pentaerythrite, Nitric acid

Guanidine, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid

Nitroguanidine

NMHAN NQ NTA

Anhydrous ammonia, Chlorine gas, Water Glycerin, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid

Nitrogen tri-iodide Nitroglycerin

(continued)

Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in Det Cord, Found in some plastic explosives Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in Det Cord, Found in some plastic explosives

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in first World Trade Center terrorist incident Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive

Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Found in triple-base smokeless powders Secondary high explosive

Explosives 135

Glacial acetic acid, Ammonium picramic acid Aspirin, Sulfuric acid, Potassium nitrate, Alcohol Phenol, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium nitrite, Nitric acid Phenol, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Water Chlorobenzene, Potassium nitrate, Sulfuric acid, Acetone, Methanol Potassium chlorate, Petroleum jelly, Aluminum powder RDX, Paraffin, Bearing grease

Picramic acid Picric acid Picric acid Picric acid Picryl chloride

RDX

RDX

Propionitrile, Sulfuric acid, Trioxane, Nitric acid

Red phosphorus, Potassium chlorate, Alcohol Quebrachitol, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Sodium bicarbonate Hexamine, Nitric acid, Sodium nitrate

Potassium chloride, Calcium hypochlorite

TNT, Glacial acetic acid, Iron powder, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Anisole, Methylene chloride, Magnesium sulfate, Chloroform Potassium chloride, Bleach

PNT

Potassium chlorate Potassium chlorate Potassium chlorate Potassium nitrate Potassium perchlorate PSE Quebrachitol nitrate

RDX, Nitroglycerin, Petroleum jelly

Plastic explosive

Plastic explosive

Plastic explosive

Ingredients Pentaerithrytol, Nitric acid, Acetone, Ethanol

Common Name PETN

Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive

Oxidizer Oxidizer Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant Oxidizer Oxidizer Impact-sensitive material Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive

Use Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in Det Cord, Found in some plastic explosives Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge-castable explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge-castable explosive Secondary high explosive

136 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

TAEN TATB

Solex Styphnic acid Styphnic acid Sulfur nitride Sulfur nitride Sulfur nitride TA TADA

Picric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Ammonium bisulfide, Carbon disulfide TAT, Nitric acid, Phosphorus pentoxide Resorcinol, Nitric acid, Sodium nitrite Resorcinol, Nitric acid, Sodium nitrite, Sulfuric acid Benzene, Sulfur chloride, Ammonia Toluene, Sulfur chloride, Ammonia Toluene, Sulfur, Ammonia, Chlorine Picryl chloride, Methanol, Potassium hydroxide Hydrogen cyanide, Sodium azide, Copper-II-sulfate pentahydrate, Hydrogen peroxide, Formic acid, Ammonium chloride Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Sodium bicarbonate 1,3,5-Trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, Dioxane, Ammonia gas

DAPT, Acetic acid, Ammonium nitrate, Nitric acid, Acetic anhydride Silver perchlorate, 5-Aminotetrazole, Perchloric acid Potassium permanganate, Glycerin Silver nitrate, Sodium azide Silver nitrate, Nitric acid, Ethanol Silver nitrate, NENA, Ethanol, Diethyl ether Ammonia, Silver oxide Nitroform, Ethyl ether, Silver-I-oxide

RDX

SATP SEI Silver azide Silver fulminate Silver NENA Silver nitride SNF Sodium chlorate Sodium nitrate Sodium perchlorate Sodium picramate

1,3,5-Tripropionylhexahydro-s-triazine, Nitric acid

RDX

Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive

(continued)

Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Primary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer Primary high explosive

Explosives 137

Common Name

TNB

TNAD

TNA

TEX

TCTNB Tetraniline Tetraniline Tetrazide Tetryl Tetryl

TATP TATP TBA

TATB

TATB

TATB

Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, THDFP, Urea, Sodium bicarbonate Potassium permanganate, Adamantane, Bromine, Sodium sulfite, Hydrochloric acid, Glacial acetic acid, Aluminum foil, Toluene, Methylene iodide, Acetonitrile, Tetrahydrofuran, Sodium hydroxide, Acetone, Magnesium sulfate, Aluminum chloride, Chloroform Ethylenediamine, Glyoxal, Sodium nitrite, Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid, Ethanol 4,4,4-Trinitrobutryaldehyde, Methanol, Sodium borohydride, Hydrochloric acid, Methylene chloride, Sodium bicarbonate, Magnesium sulfate

Ingredients 3,5-Dichloroanisole, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Ammonia gas, Toluene, Acetone 1,3,5-Trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, Benzene, Ammonia gas 1,3,5-Trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, Xylene, Ammonia gas, Hexane Acetone, Hydrogen peroxide, Sulfuric acid Acetone, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydrochloric acid Nitroform, Acrolein, Methylene chloride, Magnesium sulfate 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid, Sodium nitrate, Meta-nitroaniline Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Meta-nitroaniline Isocyanogen tetrabromide, Acetone, Sodium azide Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, N,N-Dimethylaniline Dimethylaniline, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid

Use

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Secondary high explosive, Military explosive main charge Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive

Terrorist explosive used extensively in the Middle East Terrorist explosive used extensively in the Middle East Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

138 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Toluene, Sulfuric acid, Sodium nitrate, Methylene chloride Toluene, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Methylene chloride

TNT

TNT

TNP TNT

TNM TNP

TNM TNM

TNEN

TNEN

TND

TNT, Sodium hypochlorite, Tetrahydrofuran, Methanol, Hydrochloric acid Aluminum foil, Iodine powder, Carbon disulfide, 1,4,6,9-Tetrabromodiamantane, Sodium bisulfite, Hydrochloric acid, Methanol, Acetonitrile, Acetone, Sodium hydroxide, Magnesium sulfate, Potassium permanganate, Toluene Methylene chloride, 2-Bromoethanol, Trioxane, Aluminum chloride, Magnesium sulfate, Nitroform, Acetone, Sodium bicarbonate, Hexane, Silver nitrate, Acetonitrile 1,2-Dichloroethane, Hexamethyldisilane, Iodine, Cyclohexane, 1,3-Dioxolane, Nitroform, Methylene chloride, Dimethylformamide, Sodium sulfate, Hydrochloric acid, Magnesium sulfate, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Cyanoacetic acid Sulfuryl chloride, Acetic anhydride, Nitric acid, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium sulfate Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Malonamide Nitroform, Diethyl ether, 1-Bromo-1-nitroethane, Sodium sulfate Sulfuric acid, Acetasalicylic acid, Potassium nitrate Toluene, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid

TNBCI

(continued)

Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Explosives 139

Common Name

Zinc

Urea nitrate

UDTNB

TTCC

TTCC

TPG

TNTPB

TNTC

TNT

TNT

TNT

Toluene, Sulfuric acid, Potassium nitrate, Methylene chloride Trifluoroacetic anhydride, Nitromethane, Ammonium nitrate, NIHT HCL, Ethyl acetate Copper powder, Hydrochloric acid, Diethyl ether, Mesitylene, Trichlorotrinitrobenzene, Picrylchloride, Diatomaceous earth, Activated charcoal, Acetone Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Phloroglucinol, Hydrochloric acid Sodium chlorate, Copper sulfate, Ammonium hydroxide, Alcohol Sodium chlorate, Copper sulfate, Ammonium hydroxide, Alcohol Sulfuric acid, Potassium nitrate, 1,3,5Trifluorobenzene, Methylene chloride, Hexane, Charcoal, Sodium sulfate, 2-Amino-2methylpropanone, Potassium hydrogen carbonate, 1,2-Dichloroethane, Trifluoroacetic acid, Urea, Dimethylformamide Nitric acid, Urine

Ingredients Toluene, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Premium unleaded gasoline Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Toluene

Secondary high explosive, Used in first World Trade Center terrorist incident Fuel, Smoke ingredient

Secondary high explosive

Improvised propellant

Improvised military propellant

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive

Use Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive

140 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Chemical Weapons

141

7

Common Name

CK

Chlorine gas Chloropicrin Chlorosarin

Chemical agent 4-692-530-02

Chemical agent 4-692-530-01

Chemical agent 4-686-293-02

CA CA CA Chemical agent 4-686-293-01

BC BC BC Bromopicrin

BBC

Arsine AS-20

Ingredients Arsenic, Zinc, Hydrochloric acid Benzene, Arsenic trichloride, Isopentane, Aluminum chloride, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium sulfate Benzyl chloride, Sodium cyanide, Ethyl alcohol, Liquid bromine, Carbon tetrachloride, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium sulfate, Chloroform Sulfuric acid, Bromine, Sodium cyanide Sodium hydroxide, Sodium cyanide, Bromine, Sulfuric acid Acetone, Sulfuric acid, Bromine, Methylene chloride Liquid bromine, Chlorine, Nitromethane, Carbon tetrachloride, Potassium hydroxide Acetone, Sulfuric acid, Chlorine gas, Methylene chloride, Calcium chloride Acetone, Sulfuric acid, Chlorine gas, Chloroform, Calcium chloride Dimethoxy ethane, Nitrate trihydrate, Liquid hydrogen cyanide 3-Pyridol, Ethylmethylamine, Formaldehyde, Pyridine, Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, Sodium carbonate, Chloroform, Sodium sulfate, 1,10-Dibromodecane, Acetone, Acetonitrile, Charcoal, Ethyl acetate 3-Pyridol, Ethylmethylamine, Formaldehyde, Pyridine, Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, Sodium carbonate, Chloroform, Sodium sulfate, 1,8-Dibromodecane, Acetone, Acetonitrile, Charcoal, Ethyl acetate 3-Pyridol, Pyrolidine, Formaldehyde, Pyridine, Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, Sodium carbonate, Chloroform, Sodium sulfate, Tetrahydrofuran, a,a′-Dibromo4,4′-biacetophenone, Ethanol, Charcoal, Ethyl ether Ethyl alcohol, 3-Dimethylcarbomoxydimethylanaline, a,a′-Dibromo4,4′-biacetophenone, Ethyl alcohol, Charcoal, Ethyl acetate Bleach, Ammonia Sodium hydroxide, Nitromethane, Chlorine gas, Calcium chloride Phosphorous trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Isopropyl alcohol, Toluene, Pyridine, Calcium chloride Sodium cyanide, Carbon tetrachloride, Ethyl alcohol, Chlorine gas

Use

Blood agent, Extreme poison

Poison gas used in WW I Lachrymatory agent Nerve agent

Experimental chemical agent

Experimental chemical agent

Experimental chemical agent

Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Blood agent, Extreme poison Experimental chemical agent

Lachrymatory agent, Severe irritant Violent irritant Violent irritant Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent

Blood agent Blister agent

142 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

GB

GB

GAA

GAA

GA

GA

FTH

CS CX DA DCA DIM DM ED ED

CK CN

Sodium cyanide, Glacial acetic acid, Chlorine gas, Carbon tetrachloride Benzene, Aluminum chloride, 2-Chloroacetyl chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Methylene chloride, Calcium chloride, Hexanes Methanol, Malononitrile, o-Chlorobenzaldehyde, Piperdine Tetrahydrofuran, Hydrogen chloride, Chloropicrin, Powdered tin Benzene, Arsenic trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Hexanes Acetone, Sulfuric acid, Chlorine, Calcium chloride Isopropylamine, Glyoxal, Diethyl ether Benzene, Pyridine, Diphenylamine, Arsenic trichloride Tetraethyl lead, Arsenic trichloride Ethyl chloride, Magnesium metal turnings, Tetrahydrofuran, Arsenic trichloride, Hexanes Phosphorus oxytrichloride, Ethylene dichloride, Dimethylamine, Sodium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, Ethyl alcohol, Chloroform, Petroleum ether Phosphorus oxytrichloride, Ethylene dichloride, Dimethylamine, Sodium carbonate, Sodium cyanide, Ethyl alcohol, Acetonitrile, Pyridine Phosphorus oxytrichloride, Ethylene dichloride, Dimethylamine, Sodium carbonate, Sodium cyanide, Ethyl alcohol, Acetonitrile Phosphorus oxytrichloride, Ethylene dichloride, Dimethylamine, Sodium carbonate, Sodium cyanide, Ethyl alcohol, Acetonitrile Thiophosphorus trichloride, Trichloroethylene, Dimethylamine, Sodium carbonate, Sodium cyanide, Ethyl alcohol, Acetonitrile Phosphorous trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium fluoride, Isopropyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether, Toluene Phosphorous trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Isopropyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

(continued)

Severe irritant Blister agent Lachrymatory agent Severe irritant Severe irritant Vomiting agent Blister agent Blister agent

Blood agent, Extreme poison Severe irritant

Chemical Weapons 143

HC

GS

GF

GF

GDS

GDCl

GD

GD

GD

GBI

GBI

GBE

GBE

Common Name

Ingredients Phosphorous trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Ethyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium fluoride, Isopropyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether, Toluene Phosphorous trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Ethyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Isopropyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Isopropyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium fluoride, Isopropyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether, Toluene Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Isopropyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Isopropyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether Phosphorous trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium fluoride, Pinoacolyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether, Toluene Phosphorous trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Pinoacolyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether Phosphorous trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Pinoacolyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether, Toluene Phosphorous trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Pinoacolyl alcohol, Toluene, Pyridine, Calcium chloride Phosphorous trichloride, Methyl disulfide, Methyl iodide, Toluene, Pinoacolyl alcohol, Sodium fluoride Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Cyclohexanol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium fluoride, Cyclohexanol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether, Toluene Phosphorous trichloride, Methyl disulfide, Methyl iodide, Toluene, Sodium fluoride, Isopropyl alcohol Sodium cyanide, Potassium cyanide, Sulfuric acid

Use

Blood agent, Extreme poison

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

144 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

PD Phosgene Phosgene Phosgene Phosgene

NPSF

NPF

Lewisite Lewisite MD

IIVX

HN4 HN4

HN3 HN3

HN1 HN2 HN2

HC HN1

Potassium ferro cyanide, Sodium ferro cyanide, Sulfuric acid Diethanolethylamine, Hydrochloric acid, Chloroform, Acetone, Sulfur, Chlorine gas, Sodium carbonate Diethanolethylamine, Thionyl chloride, Chloroform, Acetone, Sodium carbonate Diethanolmethylamine, Thionyl chloride, Chloroform, Acetone, Sodium carbonate Diethanolmethylamine, Hydrochloric acid, Chloroform, Sulfur, Chlorine gas, Sodium carbonate Triethanolamine, Thionyl chloride, Chloroform, Acetone, Sodium carbonate Triethanolamine, Hydrochloric acid, Chloroform, Acetone, Sulfur, Chlorine gas, Sodium carbonate Tributanolamine, Thionyl chloride, Chloroform, Acetone, Sodium carbonate Tributanolamine, Hydrochloric acid, Chloroform, Acetone, Sulfur, Chlorine gas, Sodium carbonate Diethyl ether, Dichloromethylphosphine, Ethyl alcohol, N,N-Diethylamine, 2Dimethylaminomethanol, Rhombic sulfur Acetylene, Arsenic trichloride, Aluminum chloride Acetylene, Arsenic trichloride, Mercuric chloride, Hydrochloric acid Methylene chloride, Magnesium metal turnings, Tetrahydrofuran, Arsenic trichloride, Hexanes Phosphorus oxytrichloride, Benzene, Neopentyl glycol, Pyridine, Petroleum ether, Ammonium fluoride Thiophosphorus trichloride, Benzene, Neopentyl glycol, Pyridine, Petroleum ether, Ammonium fluoride Benzene, Arsenic trichloride, Aluminum chloride Sulfur trioxide, Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine gas, Carbon monoxide Sulfuric acid, Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine gas, Activated charcoal, Carbon monoxide Blister agent Choking agent Choking agent Choking agent Choking agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent

Nerve agent

Blister agent Blister agent

Blister agent Blister agent

Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent

(continued)

Blood agent, Extreme poison Blister agent

Chemical Weapons 145

VX

Sulfur mustard Sulfur mustard Sulfur mustard Sulfur mustard II VS

Common Name Sub-VX

Ingredients Diethyl ether, Dichloromethylphosphine, Ethyl alcohol, N,N-Diethylamine, 2-Ethylthioethanol, Rhombic sulfur Ethylene chlorohydrin, Sodium sulfide monohydrate, Hydrochloric acid Ethylene gas, Sulfur dichloride, Methylene chloride, Activated charcoal Ethylene gas, Sulfur, Methylene chloride, Activated charcoal, Chlorine gas Propylene chlorohydrin, Sodium sulfide monohydrate, Hydrochloric acid Chloride gas, Magnesium metal turnings, Arsenic trichloride, Tetrahydrofuran, Pentane, Sodium sulfate Diethyl ether, Dichloromethylphosphine, Ethyl alcohol, N,N-Diethylamine, 2-Diisopropylaminoethanol, Rhombic sulfur

Use

Nerve agent

Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Violent irritant

Nerve agent

146 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

8

Incendiaries

147

Sodium chlorate, Charcoal powder, Sulfur

Potassium permanganate, Aluminum powder, Sulfur

Potassium chlorate, Red phosphorus, Sulfur, Calcium carbonate Potassium perchlorate, Barium nitrate, Aluminum powder Potassium chlorate, Gallic acid, Red gum

Hypochlorites (calcium/sodium), Glycerin Hydrochloric acid, Aluminum metal/foil Sodium hydroxide, Aluminum metal/foil Potassium permanganate, Sulfur Barium peroxide, Magnesium powder Ammonium perchlorate, Aluminum powder, Iron oxide Potassium nitrate, Magnesium powder Potassium permanganate, Sugar Aluminum, Sulfur, Starch

Flash powder

Flash powder

Flash powder

HTH Hydrogen gas Hydrogen gas IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM IEM

Flash powder

Flash powder

Ammonia, Carbon dioxide, Sodium perchlorate Ammonia gas, Carbon dioxide, Sodium perchlorate Zinc dust, Sulfur Aluminum powder, Plaster of Paris Styrofoam, Gasoline Potassium chlorate, Antimony sulfide, Sulfur

Ingredients Ammonia, Carbon dioxide, Sodium chlorate Ammonia gas, Carbon dioxide, Sodium chlorate

Common Name AC AC Anthracene APC APC FI Fire bricks Fire gel Flash powder

Use Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Smoke ingredient Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature incendiary “Underground” literature incendiary Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Produces high-temperature thermal effects Fuel/air explosive component Fuel/air explosive component “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive

148 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Potassium nitrate SEI SEI Sodium chlorate Sulfur Thermite Thermite Zinc

Potassium nitrate, Iron powder

IEM Iron Linseed oil Magnesium Molotov cocktail Petroleum jelly Phosphorus Potassium chlorate Potassium chlorate

Iron oxide, Aluminum powder Magnesium powder, Ferric oxide, Aluminum powder

Potassium permanganate, Glycerin Glycerin, Potassium permanganate

Potassium chloride, Bleach (Calcium hypochlorite)

Gasoline, Sulfuric acid, Potassium chlorate, Sugar

Sugar, Sodium peroxide Potassium chlorate, Sugar Potassium permanganate, Sugar

IEM IEM IEM

“Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive Fuel Stabilizer Fuel “Underground” literature incendiary Fuel, Stabilizer Fuel Oxidizer Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant Oxidizer “Underground” literature explosive Produces high-temperature thermal effects Oxidizer Fuel Produces high temperature and can melt metal High-temperature incendiary Fuel, Smoke ingredient

Incendiaries 149

9

Propellants

151

Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Newspaper, Sodium bicarbonate

Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Cotton, Sodium bicarbonate

Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Cellophane, Cotton, Sodium bicarbonate

Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Wood pulp, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium bicarbonate, Carbon disulfide Phosphorus pentoxide, Methylene chloride, Nitric acid, Cotton balls, Sodium bicarbonate Ammonium nitrate, Aluminum powder, Polyester resin, Ammonium bicarbonate, Charcoal powder Ammonium perchlorate, Aluminum powder, Ground PVC intetrahydrofuran Ammonium nitrate, Ammonium perchlorate, Polyester resin, Charcoal powder Potassium perchlorate, Ammonium perchlorate, Epoxy resin, Aluminum powder

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose

Rocket fuel

Rocket fuel

Rocket fuel

Rocket fuel

Nitrocellulose

Ingredients Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Wood cellulose, Sodium bicarbonate

Common Name Nitrocellulose

Improvised projectile propellant

Improvised projectile propellant

Improvised projectile propellant

Use Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Secondary high explosive

152 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Explosive Precursors

153

10

Potassium chloride, Bleach (Calcium hypochlorite)

4,4,4-Trinitrobutyraldehyde, Methanol, Sodium borohydride, Hydrochloric acid, Methylene chloride, Sodium bicarbonate, Magnesium sulfate Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Malonamide Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Cynaoacetic acid Sulfuryl chloride, Acetic anhydride, Nitric acid, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium sulfate

Potassium chlorate

TNB

TNM TNM TNM

Ammonia gas, Carbon dioxide, Sodium perchlorate Ammonia, Carbon dioxide, Sodium perchlorate Ammonia, Formaldehyde Potassium nitrate, Sulfuric acid, Water Sodium nitrate, Sulfuric acid, Water Guanidine, Sulfuric acid, Water

Nitric acid, Ammonia, Methanol Sodium nitrate, Ammonia gas, Methanol, Carbon dioxide Nitric acid, Ammonia gas, Methanol

Ammonia, Nitric acid

Ingredients Ammonia gas, Carbon dioxide, Sodium chlorate Ammonia, Carbon dioxide, Sodium chlorate

Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium perchlorate APC APC Hexamine Nitric acid Nitric acid Nitroguanidine

Common Name AC AC Aluminum Ammonium nitrate

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Use Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Fuel Low explosive, Primary ingredient in many types of commercial blasting materials (i.e., ANFO, dynamite, etc.) Oxidizer Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Oxidizer Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Used to make C4-like compounds Key component for many explosive manufacturing processes Key component for many explosive manufacturing processes Secondary high explosive, Found in triple-base smokeless powders Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant, Oxidizer Secondary high explosive

154 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

11

Pyrotechnic Ingredients

155

Common Name Anthracene Antimony Antimony trisulfide Barium carbonate Barium chlorate Barium nitrate Barium oxalate Boric acid Calcium carbonate Calcium oxalate Carbon black Charcoal Clay Copper Copper acetanarsenate Copper carbonate Copper chloride Copper oxide Cryolite Dextrin Gallic acid Gum arabic Hexachlorobenzene Hexachloromethane Iron Linseed oil Lithium carbonate Magnesium Parlon

Ingredients Smoke ingredient Fuel Fuel Coloring agent Oxidizer coloring agent Oxidizer coloring agent Coloring agent Stabilizers Stabilizers Coloring agent Fuel Fuel Insulator Coloring agent Coloring agent Coloring agent Coloring agent Coloring agent Coloring agent Binder Binder Binder Color enhancer Smoke ingredient Fuel Stabilizer Coloring agent Fuel Binder, Color enhancer

Use

156 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Red smoke

Green smoke

Black smoke

Black smoke

Phosphorus Polyvinylchloride Potassium benzoate Potassium chlorate Potassium nitrate Potassium perchlorate Potassium picrate Saran Shellac Sodium chlorate Sodium nitrate Sodium perchlorate Strontium carbonate Strontium nitrate Strontium oxalate Sulfur Titanium Petroleum jelly Zinc Black smoke

Hexachloroethane, Alpha napthol, Anthracene, Aluminum powder, Smokeless powder, Naphthalene Black powder, Potassium nitrate, Coal tar, Charcoal powder, Paraffin Black powder, Potassium nitrate, Red arsenic, Sulfur, Antimony Potassium chlorate, Diethylaminorosidone, Powdered sugar

Magnesium powder, Hexachlorethane, Naphthalene

(continued)

Red smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke

Green smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke

Black smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke

Fuel Binder, Color enhancer Fuel Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer Whistle ingredient Binder, Color enhancer Binder Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer Coloring agent, Fire retardant Coloring agent, Oxidizer Coloring agent, Fire retardant, Stabilizer Fuel Fuel Fuel, Stabilizer Fuel, Smoke ingredient Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Black smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke

Pyrotechnic Ingredients 157

White smoke White smoke Yellow smoke Yellow smoke Yellow smoke

White smoke

Red smoke

Common Name Red smoke

Ingredients Potassium chlorate, Methylaminoanthraquinone, Sodium bicarbonate, Sulfur Potassium perchlorate, Antimony sulfide, Rhodamine red, Dextrin Potassium chlorate, Sulfur, Zinc powder, Sodium bicarbonate Zinc powder, Zinc oxide, Hexachloroethane Zinc powder, Hexachloroethane Potassium chlorate, Paranitraniline, Lactose, Powdered sugar Potassium chlorate, Aniline, Naphthalene azodimethyl Potassium chlorate, Naphthalene, Azodimethly aniline, Auramine, Sodium bicarbonate, Sulfur White smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke White smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yellow smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yellow smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yellow smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke

White smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke

Red smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke

Use Red smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke

158 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

12

Uses

159

Use “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature explosive “Underground” literature incendiary “Underground” literature incendiary “Underground” literature incendiary Binder Binder Binder Binder Binder, Color enhancer Binder, Color enhancer Binder, Color enhancer Black smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Sulfur mustard Sulfur mustard Sulfur mustard Sulfur mustard HN2 HN2 HN2 CX CX CX CX

Common Name IEM SEI LEXP FI ANS IEM Fire bricks Molotov cocktail Fire gel Gum arabic Dextrin Shellac Gallic acid Parlon Saran Polyvinylchloride Black smoke Mustard gas Kampfstoff Yperite 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide N-Methyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine N,N-bis(2-Chloroethyl)methamine 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylmethylamine Phosgene oxime Dichlorofirmoxime Hornet gas Nettle gas

PVC

Homemade napalm

Synonyms Improvised explosive mixture Self-igniting incendiary Liquid explosive Flash incendiary ANS Poor man’s C4

160 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blister agent Blood agent Blood agent Blood agent, Extreme poison HN4 HN4 HN4 Sulfur mustard II Sulfur mustard II HN4 HN4 HN4 HN3 HN3 HN3 HN2 HN2 HN2 HN1 HN1 HN1 AS-20 AS-20 AS-20 Lewisite Lewisite Lewisite PD MD ED Arsine Arsine CK

Tris(beta-chlorobutyl)amine 2-Chloro-N,N-bis(2-chlorobutyl)butaneamine 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotributylamine Mustard gas II, 2,2′-Dichlorodipropylsulfide Bis(beta-chloropropyl) sulfide Tris(beta-chlorobutyl)amine 2-Chloro-N,N-bis(2-chlorobutyl)butaneamine 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotributylamine Tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine 2-Chloro-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)ethaneamine 2,2′,2′′-Trichlorotriethylamine N-Methyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine N,N-bis(2-Chloroethyl)methamine 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylmethylamine N-Ethyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl) amine N,N-bis(2-Chloroethyl)ethanamine 2,2′-Dichlorodiethylamine Distilled arsine Phenylarsine Diphenylarsine 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine 2-Chloroethenylarsenous dichloride Chlorovinylarsine dichloride Phenyldichloroarsine Methyldichloroarsine Ethyldichloroarsine Arsenic hydride Hydrogen arsenide Cyanogen chloride (continued)

Uses 161

Use Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Blood agent, Extreme poison Choking agent Choking agent Choking agent Choking agent Color enhancer Coloring agent Coloring agent Coloring agent Coloring agent Coloring agent Coloring agent Coloring agent Coloring agent Coloring agent Coloring agent Coloring agent, Fire retardant Coloring agent, Fire retardant, Stabilizer

Common Name CK CA CA CA CA CA AC AC AC AC CK CK Phosgene Phosgene Phosgene Phosgene Hexachlorobenzene Barium oxalate Barium carbonate Copper Calcium oxalate Copper acetanarsenate Cryolite Copper chloride Lithium carbonate Copper oxide Copper carbonate Strontium carbonate Strontium oxalate Chloride cyanide Cyanogen Ethanedinitrile Dicyan Oxalic acid dinitrile Dicyanide Hydrogen cyanide Hydrocyanic acid Prussic acid Blausaure Cyanogen chloride Chloride cyanide Chloroformyl chloride Carbon oxychloride Carbonyl chloride Carbonic dichloride

Synonyms

162 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Strontium nitrate Ammonpulver Chemical agent 4-686-293-01 Chemical agent 4-686-293-02 Chemical agent 4-692-530-02 Chemical agent 4-692-530-01 Chemical agent 4-686-293-01 Chemical agent 4-686-293-02

Magnesium Iron Phosphorus Potassium benzoate Titanium Antimony Sulfur Antimony trisulfide Aluminum Charcoal Carbon black Zinc Petroleum jelly Hydrogen gas Green smoke

Coloring agent, Oxidizer Early form of black powder Experimental chemical agent Experimental chemical agent Experimental chemical agent

Experimental chemical agent

Experimental chemical agent

Experimental chemical agent

Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel, Smoke ingredient Fuel, Stabilizer Fuel/air explosive component Green smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Vaseline

Lampblack

(continued)

Agent 1-10 Agent 1-8 Bis{a-[(3-dimethylcarbamoxyphenyl)methylamino]}4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate Bis{a-[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-a-picolinyl)pyrrolidinio]}4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate 1,10-bis[(3-Dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)ethylamino]decane dimethobromide 1/2 hydrate 1,8-bis[(3-Dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)ethylamino]octane dimethobromide monohydrate

Uses 163

Use High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High explosive, “Underground” literature explosive High-temperature incendiary Imnprovised propellant Impact-sensitive material Improvised explosive Improvised explosive Improvised military propellant Improvised projectile propellant Insulator Key component for many explosive manufacturing processes Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent Lachrymatory agent, Severe irritant Lachrymatory agent, Severe irritant Lachrymatory agent, Severe irritant Tetraminecopper chlorate Pressure-sensitive explosive Liquid explosive Liquid explosive Tetraminecopper chlorate

Diphenylchloroarsine Nitrobromoform Bromoacquinite Tribromonitromethane Picfume bromide Chloroacetone 1-Chloro-2-propanone Nitrochloroform Picfume Acquinite Trichloronitromethane 1-Bromo-2-propanone Bromobenzylcyanide Camite a-Bromobenzeneacetonitrile

DA Bromopicrin Bromopicrin Bromopicrin Bromopicrin CA CA Chloropicrin Chloropicrin Chloropicrin Chloropicrin BC BBC BBC BBC

Synonyms

Hexamethylenetretramine dinitrate Thermite TTCC PSE LEXP LEXP TTCC Rocket fuel Clay Nitric Acid

Common Name HE mix

164 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Lachrymatory agent, Severe irritant Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant Low explosive, IED filler, Black powder weapon propellant Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Main component in smokeless powders, IED filler Low explosive, Primary ingredient in many types of commercial blasting materials (i.e., ANFO, dynamite, etc.) Flashlight powder

Flash powder

Potassium chlorate Nitrated cellulose Gun cotton Cellulose trinitrate Smokeless powder

Potassium chlorate Nitrocellulose Nitrocellulose Nitrocellulose Nitrocellulose Ammonium nitrate

Gunpowder

Black powder

Black smoke

Pyrotechnic powder

a-Bromo-a-tolunitrile

Flash powder

IEM

BBC Flash comp

(continued)

Uses 165

GD GD GD GD GAA GAA GAA GDS GDS GDS GDS GDCl GDCl GDCl GDCl VX VX IIVX IIVX GD GD GD

Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent

Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent

Nerve agent Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent

Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent

Use

Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent

Common Name

Synonyms Soman Trilon Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate Methylphosphonofluoridic acid 1,2,2-tri-methylpropyl ester Tabun-II Diethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide N-Diethylphosphoramidocynidate ThioSoman ThioTrilon Pinacolyl methylthiophosphorusfluoridate Methylthiophosphorusfluoridic acid 1,3-tri-methylpropyl ester Chlorosoman Chlorotrilon Pinacolyl methylchlorophosphorusfluoridate Methylchlorophosphorusfluoridic acid 1,3-trimethylpropyl ester TX-60 Methylphosphonothioic acid S-[2-[bis(1methylethyl)amino]ethyl] O-ethyl ester Sub-VX,S-(2-dimethylaminomethyl)-O-ethyl methylphosphonothiolate O-Ethyl S-[2(dimethylamino)methyl]methylphosphonothioate Soman Trilon Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate

166 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

GD GF GF GF GS GS GS GS GS GB GB GB GB GA GA GA Chlorosarin Chlorosarin Chlorosarin GAA GAA GAA GBE GBE GBE GBE FTH FTH

Nerve agent

Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent

(continued)

Methylphosphonofluoridic acid 1,2,2-tri-methylpropyl ester Cyclosarin O-Cyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate CMPF Thiosarin Sulfur sarin Isopropylethylthiophosphorusfluoridate Isopropylethylthiophosphorus fluoride o-Isopropyl methyphosphonofluoridothioate Isopropylmethylphosphoryl fluoride Sarin Trilon 46 Isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate Tabun Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide Dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate ClCB Isopropylmethylphosphonochloridate Isopropoxymethylphosphoryl chloride Thiotabun Dimethylamidoethoxythiophosphorus cyanide N-Diethylthiophosphoroamidocyanidate Sarin-ethyl Sarin-II Isopropylethylphosphonofluoridate Isopropylethylphosphyl fluoride Fluorotabun hydrochloride Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl fluoride-hydrochloride

Uses 167

Use Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Nerve agent Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer Oxidizer coloring agent Oxidizer coloring agent Poison gas used in WW I Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive

Common Name FTH NPSF NPSF Sub-VX GBI GBI GBI GBI NPF NPF Sodium nitrate Sodium chlorate Potassium perchlorate Potassium nitrate Potassium chlorate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium perchlorate Barium nitrate Barium chlorate Chlorine gas Barium styphnate Mercury azide SATP Diazodinitrophenol Silver azide Copper azide CNTA Ammonium azide Lead styphnate 2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-II-resorcinate

5-Nitrotetrazole copper salt

Di-silver aminotetrazole perchlorate 4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol

Synonyms N-Dimethylphosphoramidofluoridate-hydrochloride Neopentylene thiophosphorus fluoridate Neopentylene fluorophosphonothioate o-Ethyl 2-ethylthioethyl methylphosphonothioate Sarin-isopropyl Sarin-III Isopropyl-2-propylphosphonofluoridate Isopropoxy-2-propylphosphoryl fluoride Neopentylene phosphoryl fluoridate Neopentylene fluorophosphate

168 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive HGNTA Lead styphnate Mercury fulminate LNTA TADA Ammonium picramate Ammonium picramate Ammonium picrate Lead picrate Sodium picramate Sodium picramate DNP Lead-TNP DDNP Sulfur nitride NTA Mercury nitride Silver nitride Copper fulminate SNF Tetraniline Lead azide DDNP Tetrazide Mercury fulminate Tetraniline Sulfur nitride CDNTA Silver fulminate 3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazole copper salt

Tetranitro aniline

Diazodinitrophenol Isocyanogen tetraazide

Silver nitroform Tetranitro aniline

3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazole

2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-phenolate Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate Lead picrate Trinitrophloroglucinol lead salt Diazodinitrophenol

Lead nitrotetrazole 5,5′′-bi1H-Tetrazole diammonium salt Ammonium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate Ammonium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate

Mercury nitrotetrazole 2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-II-resorcinate

(continued)

Uses 169

Use Primary high explosive Primary high explosive Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive Primary high explosive, Extremely pressure/impact sensitive, Used in ammunition primer and blasting caps Primary high explosive, Impact-sensitive material Primary high explosive, Impact-sensitive material Produces high temperature and can melt metal Produces high-temperature thermal effects Produces high-temperature thermal effects Red smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Replaced nitroglyercin as “main” component in dynamites Replaced nitroglyercin as “main” component in dynamites Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Fly mines Nitrogen tri-iodide

Calcium hypochlorite Self-igniting incendiary

Nitroglycol Ethylene glycol dinitrate Erythritol tetranitrate Trinitromethane 1,3,5,7-Tetranitroadamantane 4,4-Dinitro-1-butanol 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one 5-Nitro-2(3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrophenol)-1,2,4-triazole 4,4,4-Trinitro-1-butanol 2,2,2-Trinitroethyl-2-nitroxyethyl ether N-Nitro-N-methylhydroxy acetamidenitrate

Ammonium tri-iodide Thermite HTH SEI Red smoke EGDN EGDN ETN Nitroform TNA DNB NTO NDTT TNB TNEN NMHAN

Synonyms Triazoethanol nitrate 4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol Fly mines

Ammonium tri-iodide

Lead azide

Common Name TAEN Diazodinitrophenol Nitrogen tri-iodide

170 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

NTND Silver NENA TND TBA TNM DNP TPG DINA PEN NG Nitro starch N′-Tetranitrate Hexanitrate Quebrachitol nitrate MNTA MGP HNH-3 TNP DINA DNAN NENA PEN Inositol nitrate Methylene dinitramine TNM TATB TATB KND

Secondary high explosive

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Tertranitromethamine 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Potassium dinitramide

Sorbitol hexanitrate Monomethyl cyclohexanepentanitrate 1-Methyl-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole N-Methyl gluconamide pentanitrate 1,1,1,6,6,6-Hexanitrohexyne-3 1,1,1,2-Teranitropropane Dintroxydiethylnitramine Dintroxydiethylamine nitrate N-2-Nitroxyethyl nitramine Pentaerithrytol trinitrate Inositol hexanitrate

1,4,6,9-Tetranitrodimantane 4,4,4-Trinitrobutryaldehyde Tertranitromethamine 2,4-Dinitrophenol 2,4,6-Trinitrophloroglucinol Dintroxydiethylnitramine Pentaerithrytol trinitrate Nitroglycerin Nitrated cornstarch

(continued)

2-Methyl-2-(N-nitro-N-trinitroethylamino)-1,3-propyl dinitrate

Uses 171

Use Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive

Common Name AND DATB HNIW DNR MNA DMMD BE ANFO HNF HNF HNTCAB AND Ammonium nitrate Nitroform EDDN BDC Nitro-PCB PCB APC TATB AC DATBA Ammonium nitrate TA Methylpicric acid Picramic acid Styphnic acid Styphnic acid Picric acid Trinitroanisole 2,4,6-Trinitro-3-methylphenol 2-Amino-4,6-dinitrophenol 2,4,6-Trinito-1,3-benzenediol 2,4,6-Trinito-1,3-benzenediol 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol

Trinitromethane Ethylenediamine dinitrate Biguanide diperchlorate 3-Nitroperchlorylbenzene Perchorylbenzene Ammonium perchlorate 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Ammonium chlorate 5-Carboxy-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

Synonyms Ammonium dinitramide 1,3-Diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Hexanitro-hexaazaisowurtzane 4,6-Dinitroresorcinol Methylnitramine 2,4-Dinitro-2,4-diazapentane Binary explosive Binary explosive Hydrazine nitroform Hydrazinium nitroformate Hexanitrotetrachloroazobenzene Ammonium dinitramide

172 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive AC ADBN KNF NINHT IEM SOLEX DNFA-P TEX DPT TNTC DITN ADNB DNAT Rocket fuel DIANP DANP Azidoethyl BDPF Hexol DDD TCTNB A-NPNT UDTNB DNPU ADNBF CE TNAD F-TNB EDT (continued)

1,5-Diazido-3-nitrazapentane 1,3-Diazido-2-nitrazapropane Tris(2-azidoethyl)amine Bis(1,3-diazido-2-propyl)formal Hexanitrobibenzyl 5,7-Dintiro-5,7-diaza-1,3-dioxabicyclooctane-2-one Trichlorotrinitrobenzene 4-Amino-N,2,3,5,6-pentanitrotoluene 5-Ureido-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 2,4-Dinitrophenylurea 7-Amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan Cast explosive 1,4,5,8-Tetranitro-1,4,5,8-tetraazadecalin 1,3,5-Trifluoro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene N,N′-di-2-Ethanolethylenediamine tetranitrate

Ammonium chlorate 4,Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl nitrate Potassium nitroform 2-Nitroimino-5-nitro-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine Improvised ANFO Acetyltrinitro-cyclotetramethylene tetramine 1,4-Dinitrofurazano piperazine Dintrotetraoxadiazatetracyclododecane Methylenedinitrotetraazacyclooctane 2,4,6-Trinitro-2,4,6-triazacyclohexanone Diisopropylamine trinitrate 4,Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl acetate 1,1′-Dintro-3,3′-azo-1,2,4-triazole

Uses 173

Use Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive, “Underground” literature explosive Secondary high explosive, Binary High explosive, Mixture of hydrazine, aluminum, and ammonium nitrate Secondary high explosive, Blasting agent, Main charge Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in “Shock Tube” Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in “Shock Tube” Secondary high explosive, Found in triple-base smokeless powders Secondary high explosive, Main chargecastable explosive Secondary high explosive, Main chargecastable explosive Tetranitro-tetraazacyclooctane

HMX

Ammonium picrate

Picric acid Explosive D

Octagen

HMX

Nitroguanidine

Improvised explosive mixture

Synonyms 1-Chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Trinitrobenzylchloride Hexanitrobibenzyl Hexanitrostilbene 1,3,5-Trinitro-2,4,6-tripicrylbenzene 2,3,4,5,6-Pentanitrotoluene Hexanitrobiphenyl 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitrodiphenylmethane

Nitro starch

Astrolite

IEM

Plastic explosive

Common Name Picryl chloride TNBCI HBN HNS TNTPB PNT HNBP Hexaditon Gelatin explosive

174 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Secondary high explosive, Main chargecastable explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions, Main ingredient of plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Main ingredient in Det Cord, Found in some plastic explosives Secondary high explosive, Military explosive main charge Secondary high explosive, Mixture of TNT and Ammonium nitrate, Military explosive 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene NG Nitramine Cyclonite

Cyclotrimethylethylenetrinitramine

RDX

C4

Pentaerithrytol tetratrinitrate N-Methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitrobenzenamine

TNT TNT Nitroglycerin Tetryl RDX

RDX

Cyclonite

Cyclonite

PETN Tetryl Amatol

Improvised explosive mixture

Picric acid

(continued)

Uses 175

Use Secondary high explosive, Originally developed as a military propellant, Used by terrorists as main charge Secondary high explosive, Plastic explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations Secondary high explosive, Used in commercial blasting operations, “Gelled” explosive Secondary high explosive, Used in first World Trade Center terrorist incident Secondary high explosive, Used in first World Trade Center terrorist incident Secondary high explosive, Used in some forms of dynamite Severe irritant Severe irritant Severe irritant Severe irritant Severe irritant Severe irritant Severe irritant Severe irritant Severe irritant Severe irritant Severe irritant Smoke ingredient Smoke ingredient Stabilizer Stabilizers Nitroglycerin Diimine N,N′-bis-Isopropylethylenediimine 1,1-Dichloro-2-propanone 1,1-Dichloroacetone Chloroacetophenone Mace 2-Chloro-1-phenylethanone 2-Chloroacetophenone o-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile B,B-Dicyano-o-chlorostyrene o-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile

DIM DIM DCA DCA CN CN CN CN CS CS CS Anthracene Hexachloromethane Linseed oil Boric acid

Nitrourea

Synonyms Hexamtheylenetriperoxide Diamine

NG

Urea nitrate

NU

Emulsion explosive

Comp C-1 Dynamite

Common Name HMTD

176 Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Stabilizers Terrorist explosive used extensively in the Middle East Used to make C4-like compounds Violent irritant Violent irritant Violent irritant Violent irritant Vomiting agent Vomiting agent Vomiting agent Vomiting agent Whistle ingredient White smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yellow smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke Yellow smoke

Hexamine VS VS BC BC DM DM DM DM Potassium picrate White smoke

Calcium carbonate TATP Methenamine Trivinylarsenic Trisvinylarsine Cyanogen bromide Bromide cyanide Adamsite Phenarsazine chloride Diphenylaminechloroarsine 10-Chloro-5,10-dihydrophenarsazine

Tri-acetone tri-peroxide

Uses 177

Glossary

Glossary of Terms Adamsite (or 10-Chloro-5)

A nonpersistent harassment agent.

Agent Orange A toxic defoliant containing dioxin, of which some 64 million liters were dropped by the U.S. on Vietnam during the war, subsequently causing deformations in babies. Amiton ANFO Arsenic

A nerve agent. A mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil. Classical poison.

Asphyxiating agent Base charge

Causes choking or suffocating.

The main high explosive charge in a blasting cap.

Binary explosive

Two substances that are not explosive until they are mixed.

Binary weapons Chemical weapons where the last stage of the production process is moved from the factory to the warhead where the mixing of two generally nontoxic precursor substances takes place in flight just before deployment, creating a toxic product. Advantages are that manufacture, storage, and transport are much safer for personnel handling binary chemical weapons such as Sarin (BG-2), Soman GD-2), and VX (VX-2). Black powder A low explosive traditionally consisting of potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal. Sodium nitrate may be found in place of potassium nitrate. Black powder substitutes Modified black powder formulations such as, but not limited to, Pyrodex, Black Canyon, Golden Powder, Triple 7, Clean Shot, and Clear Shot. Blasting agent A high explosive with low sensitivity, usually based on ammonium nitrate and not containing additional high explosives. 179

180

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Blasting cap A metal tube containing a primary high explosive capable of initiating most explosives. Blister agents Chemical agent that burns the skin and produces large water blisters on skin that heal slowly and may become infected, and cause damage to eyes, blood cells, and respiratory tract. Blood agents Absorbed by breathing, they prevent the synthesis of molecules used by the body as energy sources so that vital organs cease to function within 15 min. Blood gas

Blocks absorption of oxygen in lungs; fast-acting surprise weapon.

Bomb A device containing an explosive, incendiary, or chemical material designed to explode. Booby trap personnel.

A concealed or camouflaged device designed to injure or kill

Booster A cap-sensitive high explosive used to initiate other less sensitive high explosives. Brisance

The shattering power associated with high explosives.

BZ (QNB) Quinuclidinebenzillate, an incapacitating psychotomimetic agent developed in the 1950s. This psychochemical hallucinogen substance affects the nervous system, causing fake visual and aural perceptions and a sense of unreality. C4 A white pliable military plastic explosive containing primarily Cyclonite (RDX). Cannon fuse A coated, thread-wrapped cord filled with black powder designed to initiate flame-sensitive explosives. ChemBio

Chemical/biological weapons.

Chemical agent and animals.

Substance that can cause physiological changes in humans

Chemical weapons (CW) Munitions and other delivery systems that contain chemical substances intended to injure or kill or incapacitate personnel or to deny access or use of area, facilities, and materials. Chlorine

A choking agent.

Choking agents Attack respiratory tract, making membranes swell so that lungs fill with fluid whereby the victim drowns; survivors suffer chronic breathing problems. CN (Chloracetophenone) for harassment.

A nonpersistent irritant used in civilian tear gas

181

Glossary

Combustion Any type of exothermic oxidation reaction, including, but not limited to, burning, deflagration, and detonation. Convulsants

Substances that make muscles contract.

CS gas Propanedinitrile [(2-chlorophenyl) methylene]: tear gas used for riot and crowd control. CX Phosgene oxime: a toxic industrial chemical formerly stored by U.S.S.R. for chemical warfare, now widely available. Cyanide chloride

Blocks blood’s oxygen intake.

Cyclohexyl methylphosphonogluoridate (GF) Low-volatility nerve gas, which kills through skin contact or inhalation. Cyclo-sarin

A nerve agent.

Defoliant Toxic chemical substance that causes plants to shed their leaves prematurely or unnaturally. Deflagration An exothermic reaction that occurs particle to particle at subsonic speed. Deta-sheet (Det-sheet) HMX, or RDX.

A plastic explosive in sheet form containing PETN,

Detonation An exothermic reaction that propagates a shockwave through an explosive at supersonic speed (greater than 3300ft/sec). Detonation cord (Det cord) core of PETN or RDX. Detonator

A plastic- or fiber-wrapped cord containing a

A device used for detonating many types of high explosives.

Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) usable for sarin production.

A dual-use precursor substance,

Dioxin (TCDD — 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzoparadioxin) A by-product of Silvex herbicides production, more toxic than plutonium. Diphenylchloroarsine Dirty bomb

A nonpersistent harassing agent.

An explosive device that contains radiological/radioactive shrapnel.

Double base A smokeless powder that contains both nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose. Dud An explosive device that has undergone a complete arming and firing cycle, but has failed to explode. Dynamite Originally a mixture of nitroglycerin and absorbent filler that is now used to designate an entire class of high explosives.

182

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) dynamites.

Material replacing nitroglycerin in

Electric match A metal wire coated with a pyrotechnic mixture designed to produce a small burst of flame designed to initiate a low explosive. Electric squib A metal wire surrounded by a pyrotechnic mixture and encased within a metal tube, which produces a small jet of flame designed to initiate a low explosive. EOD

Explosive ordnance disposal.

Explosion A rapid expansion of gases resulting from a chemical or physical action that produces a pressure wave. Explosive

An energetic material capable of producing an explosion.

Explosive compound explosion. Explosive mixture an explosion.

A single chemical compound capable of causing an

A mixture of chemical compounds capable of causing

Explosive train A series of combustible or explosive components arranged in order of decreasing sensitivity designed to initiate explosives. Firing train

See “Explosive train.”

First responder Flex-X Frag

The first trained emergency response person on the scene.

See “Det sheet.” Any items produced and cast away from an explosion.

Fuel Any substance capable of reacting with oxygen or oxygen-carriers (oxidizers). Fuse A fiber-wrapped cord of black powder used to initiate blasting caps or low explosives. Fuze A mechanical, chemical, or electrical device designed to initiate an explosive train. GA Tabun (Phosphoramidocyanidic acid, Dimethyl ethyl ester): the first nerve gas, discovered in 1936. GB (Sarin phosphonoflouridic acid, Methyl, 1-Methylethyl ester) orless, odorless nerve gas, discovered in 1939.

A col-

GD (Soman — Phosphonoflouridic acid, Methyl, 1,2,2-Trimethyl-propyl ester [R-(R*,R*)]) A nerve agent discovered in 1944.

183

Glossary

Gunpowder HAZMAT

See “Black powder.” Hazardous materials.

HD Mustard gas, Mustard sulphur (Ethane,1,1-thiobis[2-chloro-]): a blister agent. Hemlock

A poison.

Herbicide defoliant.

A chemical agent that is toxic to plants and crops, also used as

High explosive onation.

Generally a chemical substance or mixture capable of det-

HMX Octagen, a high explosive formed as a by-product during the manufacture of RDX. Hoax A dummy device intended to appear as a bomb but not containing an explosive. Hobby fuse

See “Cannon fuse.”

Household cleaning agents aggressive.

Some, like oven cleaners, are chemically very

HT (Mixture of HD and T by weight) Hydrogen cyanide

A blister agent.

An agent that blocks the blood’s oxygen intake.

ICS

Incident command system.

IED

Improvised explosive device.

Improvised explosive device (IED) designed to explode.

A noncommercially produced device

Incapacitantia Chemical substances that temporarily produce physiological or psychological debilitation, rendering a person incapable of performing or functioning normally. Incendiary

A compound, metal, or mixture capable of producing intense heat.

Inert A simulated explosive or device that contains no explosive, pyrotechnic, or chemical/biological agent. Initiator

The part of an explosive train that starts the reaction.

Insecticides Various types are close to weaponized nerve gas in their chemical structures. Large Vehicle Bomb (LVB) A vehicle containing large quantities of explosives and designed to act as a WMD.

184

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Low explosive Generally a chemical compound or mixture that can deflagrate without the addition of atmospheric oxygen. LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) as incapacitating agent. Main charge Munitions

Psychedelic drug and hallucinogen used

The main or final explosive component in an explosive train. Any and all military explosives.

Munroe effect The focusing of the force produced by an explosion, resulting in an increased pressure wave. Mustard gas

A World War I weapon causing skin blisters and lung burns.

Nerve agents Highly toxic and potentially lethal chemical agents that affect the human nervous system by inhibiting the enzyme that aids the transmission of nerve impulses. Causes blurred vision, weeping, nausea, vomiting, urinary incontinence, respiratory distress, and reduced mental capability by attacking the nervous system. Nerve gases Probably the most widely stocked chemical agents: liquid, gas or aerosol toxins belonging to the group of organophosphorus compounds, which are absorbed by the skin or lungs, usually within 20 to 30 minutes. NFPA

National Fire Protection Association.

Nitrocellulose (NC)

Main component in smokeless powder, i.e., gun cotton.

Nitroglycerin (NG)

Explosive material, originally the basis for dynamite.

Oleander extract Ordnance OSHA

See “Munitions.”

Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Oxidizer reaction.

A chemical compound that supplies the oxygen in a chemical

Parathion PENO

A poison.

A commercially available potent toxic insecticide.

Plastic explosive comprised of PETN and a binder material.

Pesticides Some pesticides brought on the market in the 1950s contained nerve agents. PETN tions.

Pentaerythritoltetranitrate: a high explosive used in many applica-

Phosgene (Carbonyl chloride: COCl) A colorless poisonous choking agent (gas) used in warfare before more potent agents were discovered.

185

Glossary

Pilocarpine

A poison used by secret services.

Plastic-Bonded Explosives (PBX) matrix, i.e., C4, Det flex. Plastic explosives

A high explosive in a pliable plastic

Common term for PBX.

Precursor chemical materials Substances that following chemical processing and combinations, form building blocks for the construction of chemical weapons. Primary fragmentation

Fragments generated by the initial explosion or blast.

Primary high explosive and/or friction.

A high explosive sensitive to heat, shock, spark,

Primer

See “Initiator.”

Primer cap A small metal device containing an impact-sensitive primary high explosive commonly found in ammunition or used in initiators. Psychotomimetic agent Chemical agent (e.g., BZ) that damages the central nervous system and causes loss of feeling, paralysis, etc., resembling some psychotic disorders. Pyrotechnic fuse

See “Cannon fuse.”

Pyrotechnic mixtures An oxidizer/fuel mixture that produces bright or colored lights, heat, fogs, or acoustic effects. RDD

Radiological dispersive device, i.e., dirty bomb.

RDX

Cyclonite, high explosive used in PBX and other applications.

Report

A loud sound produced by an explosion.

Riot control agent A chemical substance used for crowd control, e.g., pepper spray or tear gas. RVX

Nerve agent.

Safety fuse A waterproof coated, thread-wrapped cord filled with black powder designed for initiating a nonelectric blasting cap. Sarin (GB) Isopropyl methylphosonofluoridate: a colorless, odorless volatile nerve gas synthesized at I.G. Farben, Germany, in 1938. Secondary fragmentation Fragments produced by primary fragments striking objects and imparting explosive inertia to them. Secondary high explosive another explosive.

A less sensitive high explosive initiated by

186

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Semtex Plastic explosive containing cyclonite (RDX) and pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN), made in Czech Republic. Shaped charge An explosive device that is designed to direct or focus explosive energy into a narrow jet. Shock tube Hollow plastic tube with a thin coating of HMX and powdered aluminum used in nonelectric firing systems. Shrapnel Objects that are attached to the outside or included inside a device or the container walls themselves that increase the blast damage and injure or kill personnel. Single base A smokeless powder that contains nitrocellulose, but does not contain nitroglycerin or nitroguanidine. Smokeless powder A low explosive used in ammunition as a propellant, which can be single, double, or triple based. Soman (GD) Pinoacolyl methylphosphonogluoridate: fastest-killing nerve gas, produced in 1944 for the first time at I.G. Farben, Germany; kills both through inhalation and skin contact. Tabun (GA) o-Ethyl dimethylamidophosphorylcyanide: first nerve gas, developed in 1936 at I.G. Farben, Germany; easy to manufacture since the necessary chemicals are available in the open market. Tear gas (CN — Cloroacetophenone, CR — Dibenz (b,f)-1,4-oxaze-pine; CS — Orthochlorobenzylide-nemaonitrile) A substance that causes pain in the eyes, flow of tears, and difficulty in keeping eyes open. TEPP Commercially available potent insecticide; almost as toxic as some military chemical warfare agents. Triple base A smokeless powder that contains nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, and nitroguanidine. V-agents A group of stable nerve agents that are about ten times more toxic than Sarin. VX (Phosphonothioic acid, Methyl-S-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl] o-Ethyl ester) An odorless, colorless liquid that disrupts the stimulus from nerve to muscle in the human body, causing convulsions, paralysis, and death. Vomit gas

Super teargas, favored by the former Soviet Union.

Weapon of mass destruction (WMD) Any type weapon that is capable of causing large-scale destruction and/or mass casualties.

Appendix A Chemical Structures

187

188

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification NH2

NH

N N

N

Figure A.1

5-Aminotetrazole: ingredient used to make primary explosives.

O

O– N+

H2N

NH2

O

O– N+

N+ O

O–

N

N+ O–

N

N+ O

Figure A.2

5NDTT: secondary high explosive.

O–

O N+ O–

OH N+ O

Figure A.3

4,4 DNB: secondary high explosive.

189

Appendix A HO

CH3

O

Figure A.4

Acetic acid: ingredient used to make primary/secondary explosives and chemical weapons.

H3C O

O O H3C

Figure A.5

Acetic anhydride: ingredient used to make secondary explosives.

CH3

H3C

O

Figure A.6

Acetone: ingredient used to make primary/secondary explosives and chemical weapons.

N

H3C

Figure A.7

Acetonitrile: ingredient used to make secondary explosives and chemical weapons.

Cl O H3C

Figure A.8

Acetyl chloride: ingredient used to make blister agents and some secondary explosives.

190

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification CH

CH

Figure A.9

Acetylene: ingredient used to make blister agents.

O H2C H

Figure A.10 Acrolein: ingredient used to make secondary explosives. H

N+

As+

Cl

Figure A.11 Adamsite: vomiting agent.

N– O–

N+

N+

O

N O O–

N+

N+ O

Figure A.12 ADBN: secondary high explosive.

O–

O

191

Appendix A

O– N+

O

O N+

N

O–

H3N+

Figure A.13 AND: secondary high explosive.

N– O–

N+

O

N+

CH3

N

O O–

N+ O O

Figure A.14 ADBN: secondary high explosive.

O N+

O– N O

O–

N+

N+ NH2

O

HO

Figure A.15 ADNBF: secondary high explosive. O

O– N+

Ag N+ O–

O N+ O– O

Figure A.16 AgNF: primary high explosive.

192

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O– O

N+

O– N

N N

O–

N+

O–

N N N+

O

O

O–

Figure A.17 a-HMX: secondary high explosive.

Cl Al Cl

Cl

Figure A.18 Aluminum chloride: ingredient used to make secondary explosives and chemical weapons.

2+

NH4 O

O–

O

N+

N+

O

O–

N+ O–

O

Figure A.19 Ammonium picrate: secondary high explosive.

193

Appendix A

2+

NH4 O

O– N+

NH2

O

N+ O–

O

Figure A.20 Ammonium picramate: primary high explosive. H4N2+

N+

N

NH

Figure A.21 Ammonium azide: primary high explosive. O Cl

O

NH42+

O

Figure A.22 Ammonium chlorate: low explosive, incendiary, pyrotechnic material. O H4N2+

O

N+ O–

Figure A.23 Ammonium nitrate: low explosive, pyrotechnic ingredient, oxidizer. O O

Cl

O

NH42+

O

Figure A.24 Ammonium perchlorate: low explosive, pyrotechnic ingredient, oxidizer.

194

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification I

I N I

Figure A.25 Ammonium tri-iodide: primary high explosive, impact sensitive material.

NH3

Figure A.26 Anhydrous ammonia: ingredient used to make primary and secondary explosives.

O−

CH3

O

N+

N+

N+

N+ O− NH N+ O

O O−

O

O− O

O−

Figure A.27 ANPNT: secondary high explosive.

H

H As

H

Figure A.28 Arsenic hydride: blood agent.

195

Appendix A N− N+ N

N N+

N

N−

N N+ N−

Figure A.29 Azidoethyl: secondary high explosive.

O

O−

Ba

O

N+

N+

O

O−

O O−

N+ O

Figure A.30 Barium styphinate: primary high explosive.

NH

NH

∗2HClO4

H2N

NH

Figure A.31 BDC: secondary high explosive.

NH2

196

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification HN N+

O

O

N

N

HN

N+

N+

HN N+

N

NH

N

Figure A.32 BDPF: secondary explosive. O−

O

O−

O

N+

N+

N

N

N O−

N+ O

N N+ O−

O

Figure A.33 b-HMX: secondary high explosive. Br

H3C

O

Figure A.34 Bromoacetone: lachrymatory agent.

197

Appendix A N

Br

Figure A.35 BBC: lachrymatory agent.

Br

O N+

Br

O− Br

Figure A.36 Bromopicrin: lachrymatory agent.

O−

O N

N+

N+ O−

O N

N

O− Cu−

N

N+ O N

N+ N+ O O−

Figure A.37 CDNTA: primary high explosive.

198

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O

O

H3C N CH3

O

N

N

H3C

Br Br

N

N

H3C O O

N O

Figure A.38 Chemical agent 4-962-530-01: experimental chemical weapon.

H3C N O

CH3

O

CH3 N O

O

H3C

CH3

Br

H3C O

H3C N Br CH3

O

Figure A.39 Chemical agent 4-962-530-02: experimental chemical weapon.

199

Appendix A CH3 N

H3C

H3C

N

O

O

CH3 O

O

H3C

H3C N N

N CH3

Br

N

Br H3C

Figure A.40 Chemical agent 4-686-293-01: experimental chemical weapon. CH3 N

H3C N

O

H3C

O

CH3 O

O

H3C N

H3C N N

Br

Br CH3

N

H3C

Figure A.41 Chemical agent 4-686-293-02: experimental chemical weapon. CH3

Cl O

Figure A.42 Chloroacetone: lachrymatory agent. O Cl

Figure A.43 Chloroacetophenone: severe irritant.

200

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification Cl

O N+

Cl

O− Cl

Figure A.44 Chloropicrin: lachrymatory agent. Cl O

P

O

CH3

CH3 CH3

Figure A.45 Chlorosarin: nerve agent. Cl

O P H3C

O CH3

H3C H3C

CH3

Figure A.46 Chlorosoman: nerve agent.

N N

N

O

O− N+

N+ N

N

O− O

N

N N

∗

H N

N

O +

N N

O−

N

Cu−

Figure A.47 CNTA: primary high explosive. C+

N

O

Cu−

O

N

Figure A.48 Copper fulminate: primary high explosive.

C+

201

Appendix A N

N Cu−

N+

N+

HN NH

Figure A.49 Cupric azide: primary high explosive.

N

N

Figure A.50 Cyanogen: blood agent, extreme poison.

Br

N

Figure A.51 Cyanogenbromide: violent irritant.

Cl

N

Figure A.52 Cyanogenchloride: blood agent.

H3C

O P

O

Figure A.53 Cyclosarin: nerve agent.

F

202

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O N+

OH

N N−

N+

N

N

N+ N−

Figure A.54 DANP: secondary high explosive.

O

O− N+ NH2

O−

O N+

N+

O

NH2

O−

Figure A.55 DATB: secondary high explosive.

O−

O

OH O

N+

N+

O

O−

NH2

H2N O−

N+ O

Figure A.56 DATBA: secondary high explosive.

203

Appendix A O O−

O

N+

O N

O

N N+

O

O−

Figure A.57 DDD: secondary high explosive.

N− N+ N O

N−

N O−

O

N+

N+ N

O

Figure A.58 DIANP: secondary high explosive.

O

N N

O−

N

N

O−

O−

O−

Figure A.59 Diazodinitrophenol: primary high explosive.

204

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification Cl CH3

Cl O

Figure A.60 Dichloroacetone: severe irritant. H3C

N H3C

CH3

N CH3

Figure A.61 Diimine: severe irritant. O−

O N+ O

O

N

O−

N+ O−

O N+

O

Figure A.62 DINA: secondary high explosive.

Cl As

Figure A.63 Diphenylchloroarsine: lachrymatory agent.

205

Appendix A

H As

Figure A.64 Distilled arsine: blister agent. O+ N+ H H3C O−

CH3

N+ O−

O N+ O

O N+ O

Figure A.65 DITN: secondary high explosive. O−

O

O−

O

N+

N+

N

N

H3C

CH3

Figure A.66 DMMD: secondary high explosive.

O

O− N+ O

NH

O

N+ O−

Figure A.67 DNAN: secondary high explosive.

O ∗HNO3

206

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O− O

N+ N

N N

N N

N

N

N N+ O−

Figure A.68 DNAT: secondary high explosive.

O−

O N+ N

N O N

N N+ O−

O

Figure A.69 DNFA-P: secondary high explosive.

OH

O N+

O−

N+ O

Figure A.70 DNP: primary high explosive.

O−

O

207

Appendix A O NH2

HN

O N+

O−

O−

N+ O

Figure A.71 DNPU: secondary high explosive.

O− N+

O

OH

OH

O− N+ O

Figure A.72 DNR: secondary high explosive. O− O

N

N+ N

N N

N+ O−

Figure A.73 DPT: secondary high explosive. H2C

NH2 ∗2HNO3

H2C

NH2

Figure A.74 EDDN: secondary high explosive.

O

208

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O N+ O− O O O

O−

N O− N+

N O

O O O−

N+ O

Figure A.75 EDT: secondary high explosive.

Cl

Cl As H3C

Figure A.76 Ethyldichloroarsine: blister agent. F O

P

N+

O

H3C

Figure A.77 Sarin-ethyl: nerve agent.

CH3

CH3

209

Appendix A O−

O

O

O

N+

N+

O

O−

O

O O

N+

N+

O−

O− O

Figure A.78 ETN: secondary high explosive.

O H3C P−

N H3C

F

O+

CH3

Figure A.79 Fluorotabun: nerve agent. O−

O

F

N+

N+

O F

F O−

N+ O

Figure A.80 F-TNB: secondary high explosive.

O−

210

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O−

O N+

O−

O N+

N+

N+

O

O−

O−

O−

O

N+

N+

O

O−

Figure A.81 Hexaditon: secondary high explosive.

NO2

NO2 O2N

N

NO2

H NO2

NO2

Figure A.82 Hexamine: used to make C4-like compounds. O O−

N+ O− O

O

N+ O−

N+ O− N+

O

O

O

O

O N+ O

O O−

O−

N+ O

Figure A.83 Hexanitrate: secondary high explosive.

O

O

211

Appendix A

O N+

O−

O−

O−

O

N+

N+

O

N+

N+

O

O−

O

O−

O−

N+ O

Figure A.84 Hexol: secondary high explosive.

N N

O−

O

N

O−

N

N

N+

N+ O

N

N N

Hg−

Figure A.85 HGNTA: primary high explosive. Cl

Cl N H3C

Figure A.86 HN1: blister agent. Cl

Cl N CH3

Figure A.87 HN2: blister agent.

212

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification Cl Cl N

Cl

Figure A.88 HN3: blister agent. Cl Cl N

Cl

Figure A.89 HN4: blister agent.

O N+

O−

O−

O−

O

N+

N+

O

N+

N+

O

O−

O

O−

Figure A.90 HNB: secondary high explosive.

N+ O

O−

213

Appendix A

O

O−

O−

N+

N+

N+

O

O−

O−

O

N+

N+

O

O−

O

O−

N+ O

Figure A.91 HNBP: secondary high explosive. O−

O N

+

O N+

NH2 ∗ H

H2N

O−

N+ O−

O

Figure A.92 HNF: secondary high explosive. O

O−

O−

O

N+

N+

N+

O O−

N+ O

N+

N+

O

O−

O−

Figure A.93 HNH-3: secondary high explosive.

O− O

214

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

NNO2

O2NN

N NO2

O2NN O2NN

NNO2

Figure A.94 HNIW: secondary high explosive. O− N+ O

O−

O

N+

N+

O

O−

O−

N+ O O−

N+ O

Figure A.95 HNS: secondary high explosive. O O−

O

N+

N+

N

N

O− Cl

Cl O−

O− N+ O

N

O

O N+ O

Cl

Figure A.96 HNTCAB: secondary high explosive.

N Cl

215

Appendix A

O

N+

O− CH3

O

O

O

O−

N

O− N+

O

N+

O

O−

N+

N+

O O−

O−

N+ O

Figure A.97 HTND: secondary high explosive. H

N

Figure A.98 AC: blood agent. O

H3C

P

S

CH3

N

O

CH3

H3C

Figure A.99 IIVX: nerve agent. O O N+

O−

N+

O

O

O− O

O

N+

O−

O−

N+ O

O

O

O− N+

O O−

N+ O

O

Figure A.100

Inositol nitrate: secondary high explosive.

216

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O− O

N

+

O N+

N

O− K

Figure A.101

KDN: secondary high explosive. O−

O N+

O N+

K

O−

N+ O−

Figure A.102

O

KNF: secondary high explosive. H2Pb

OH

O

O−

O

N+

N+

O

O−

N+ O−

Figure A.103

O

Lead picrate: primary high explosive. O

O−

PbH2

O

N+

N+

O

O−

O O−

Figure A.104

N+ O

Lead styphnate: primary high explosive.

217

Appendix A

O N+

O− H2Pb

Figure A.105

N+

PbH2

O

O

N+

N+

O − O O

O−

O

O

O−

O

O−

O

O

N+

N+

O−

O

O

PbH2

Lead-TNP: primary high explosive. Cl As Cl Cl

Figure A.106

Lewisite: blister agent.

N N

O−

O

N

O−

N

N

N

N+

N+

N

N

O

∗Pb(OH)2

PbH2

Figure A.107

LNTA: primary high explosive. HN N+

N N

Figure A.108

NH

Hg−

Mercury azide: primary high explosive.

C+

Figure A.109

N+

N

O

Hg

O

N

C+

Mercury fulminate: primary high explosive.

218

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification Hg−

Hg− N

Figure A.110

Hg− N

Mercury nitride: primary high explosive.

O N+

O−

N+

O

N

H3C

O−

Figure A.111

Methylene dinitramine: secondary high explosive.

H3C

NH

N+

O

O−

Figure A.112

Methylnitramine: secondary high explosive.

O−

OH

O

N+

N+

O

O−

CH3 O−

Figure A.113

N+ O

Methylpicric acid: secondary high explosive.

219

Appendix A O O−

N+ O− O

O N+

O

N+

O− NH2

O O

O−

O N+

O

O O−

O

N+ O

Figure A.114

MGP: secondary high explosive. O−

O N

N+

N+

O N

O−

N

H3C

Figure A.115

MNTA: secondary high explosive. Cl

Cl S

Figure A.116

Mustard gas: blister agent.

O N+

O−

O NH O−

Figure A.117

N+ O

NENA: secondary high explosive.

220

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O N+

O−

N NH

HN N N+ O−

Figure A.118

O

NINHT: secondary high explosive.

NH2 HN

C NHNO2

Figure A.119

Nitrocellulose: low explosive, main component in smokeless powders, IED filler. O− O

O

N+ N+

O− N+ H

O−

O

Figure A.120

Nitroform: secondary high explosive. O O

O− N+ O

N+ O

O−

O

O N+ O−

Figure A.121

NG: secondary high explosive.

221

Appendix A H2N

O

NH N+ O−

NH

Figure A.122

Nitroguandine: secondary high explosive, found in triple base smokeless powders. O

O Cl O

O−

Figure A.123

N+ O

Nitro-PCB: secondary high explosive. O

H2N

O−

NH N+ O

Figure A.124

Nitrourea: secondary high explosive, used in first World Trade Center terrorist incident. O−

N+ O

O−

O N+

O

N CH3

O

Figure A.125

NMHAN: secondary high explosive.

222

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O

O

H3C

P

H3C

Figure A.126

O

F

O

S

NPF: nerve agent.

H3C

P

H3C

Figure A.127

F

O

NPSF: nerve agent.

O−

O N

N+

N+

O N H

Figure A.128

O−

N

NTA: primary high explosive.

O N+ O

O−

O− O

N+

N N

O

O

N+ O−

O−

O N+ O

Figure A.129

N′-Tetranitrate: secondary high explosive.

O

223

Appendix A

O N H

Figure A.130

O

H N

N+

O−

N

NTO: secondary high explosive.

Cl

N

N

Figure A.131

o-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile: severe irritant.

O O

O Cl

Figure A.132

PCB: secondary high explosive.

224

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification HO

O−

N+ O

O

O N+

O O−

O

N+ O

O−

Figure A.133

PEN: secondary high explosive.

O− O N+

O

O

O

N+

O− O− N+

O

O O

N+ O O−

Figure A.134

PETN: secondary high explosive.

225

Appendix A Cl Cl As

Figure A.135

Phenyldichloroarsine: blister agent.

Cl

O

Cl

Figure A.136

Phosgene: chocking agent.

Cl

OH N

Cl

Figure A.137

Phosgene oxime: blister agent.

O−

OH NH2

N+ O

O−

Figure A.138

N+ O

Picramic acid: secondary high explosive.

226

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O−

OH

O

N+

N+

O

O−

Figure A.139

N+ O

Picric acid: secondary high explosive.

O−

Cl

O

N+

N+

O

O−

Figure A.140

O−

N+ O

Picryl chloride: secondary high explosive.

O−

CH3

O

N+

N+

N+

N+

O O− O

Figure A.141

O−

O−

O−

N+ O

PNT: secondary high explosive.

O− O

227

Appendix A O

O− O

N+

CH3

O

O

O

N+

O−

O−

N+ O

O

O

O−

O O−

N+

N+ O

O

Figure A.142

Quebrachitol nitrate: secondary high explosive.

O N+

O−

N O−

N+

N

N

O

O−

O

Figure A.143

N+

RDX: secondary high explosive.

F O

P CH3

Figure A.144

Sarin: nerve agent.

O

CH3

CH3

228

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O

F P

H3C

O H3C

CH3

CH3

Figure A.145

Sarin-isopropyl: nerve agent.

Ag N

H2N

∗HClO4

N N

N+ Ag

Figure A.146

SATP: primary high explosive.

Ag

Figure A.147

N

NH

Silver azide: primary high explosive.

Ag

Figure A.148

N+

O

N+

CH

Silver fulminate: primary high explosive.

O

N+

O− Ag

O

N O−

Figure A.149

N+ O

Silver NENA: secondary high explosive.

229

Appendix A Ag

Ag N Ag

Figure A.150

Silver nitride: primary high explosive. Na O−

O

N+

NH2

O

O−

Figure A.151

N+ O

Sodium picramate: primary high explosive. O− O

N+

O N

N+ N

O−

N+

N N

O

N+

O

O−

Figure A.152

SOLEX: secondary high explosive. F

O P

O

H3C

H3C

Figure A.153

Soman: nerve agent.

H3C

CH3 CH3

OH

230

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O−

OH

O

N+

N+

O

O−

OH O−

Figure A.154

O

Styphnic acid: secondary high explosive.

Cl

S

Cl

Figure A.155

N+

Sulfur mustard II: blister agent.

N

N S

S

S

S

N

Figure A.156

N

Sulfur nitride: secondary high explosive.

H3C O−

O

O

N+

N+

O

O−

CH3 O−

Figure A.157

N+ O

TA: secondary high explosive.

231

Appendix A O H3C N

P

H3C

N

O

CH3

Figure A.158

Tabun: nerve agent.

O H3C N

P

N

O H3C

Figure A.159

CH3

Tabun-II: nerve agent.

NH2 N N

N

N

N

N

N N

H2N

Figure A.160

TADA: primary high explosive.

N N

O N+

N O

Figure A.161

TAEN: primary high explosive.

O−

232

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O CH3

H3C N N

O

O

N N H3C

Figure A.162

CH3 O

TAT: secondary high explosive.

O−

NH2

O

N+

N+

O

NH2

H2N O−

Figure A.163

O−

N+ O

TATB: secondary high explosive.

O

O

O− N+ O

H

N+ O−

N+ O− O

Figure A.164

TBA: secondary high explosive.

233

Appendix A O−

Cl

O

N+

N+

O Cl

Cl O−

Figure A.165

O−

N+ O

TCTNB: secondary high explosive.

O

N+

O− O N+

O−

N+

N+

Figure A.166

O

O−

NH2

O

O−

Tetraniline: primary high explosive.

NH N+ N

HN N+ N

N N

N

N+ N N+ HN

Figure A.167

Tetrazide: primary high explosive.

NH

234

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification O

O− O

O−

N+

H3C N

O

N+

N

+

O−

N+ O−

Figure A.168

O

Tetryl: secondary high explosive, military explosive main

charge.

O

O

O

O

N

N O−

Figure A.169

N+

N+

O

O−

TEX: secondary high explosive.

O−

OH

O

N+

N+

O

O−

OH

HO O−

Figure A.170

O

N+ O

TGP: secondary high explosive.

235

Appendix A F S

P

O

CH3

CH3 CH3

Figure A.171

Thiosarin: nerve agent.

S+

F P− O

H3C

CH3

H3C

CH3

H3C

Figure A.172

Thiosoman: nerve agent.

S H3C N

P

H3C

N

O

CH3

Figure A.173

Thiotabun: nerve agent.

O N+ O−

O−

N+ O N+ O−

Figure A.174

O

N+ O−

TNA: secondary high explosive.

O

236

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

O

O−

Figure A.175

O−

O

N+

N+

N

N

N

N

N+

N+

O

O−

O−

O

TNAD: secondary high explosive.

O– O O–

N+

O N+

O– OH

N+ O

Figure A.176

TNB: secondary high explosive.

Cl O–

O

N+

N+

O

O–

N+ O–

Figure A.177

O

TNBCI: secondary high explosive.

237

Appendix A O–

O N+

O– N+ O

O

O–

N+ O– N+

O–

Figure A.178

O

TND: secondary high explosive.

O O O–

O

O–

N+ O

Figure A.179

O–

N+

O

N+

O

O–

TNEN: secondary high explosive.

NO2 O2N

C

NO2

NO2

Figure A.180

N+

TNM: secondary high explosive.

238

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

O– N+

O

O– O

CH3 O

N+

N+ O– N+

O–

O

Figure A.181

TNP: secondary high explosive.

O–

O

CH3

N+

N+

O

O–

Figure A.182

O–

N+ O

TNT: secondary high explosive, main charge in many military

munitions.

O–

O N+ N

N

N O–

O O

Figure A.183

N+

N+

O–

TNTC: secondary high explosive.

O

239

Appendix A

O

O–

N+

O–

N+

N+

O

O–

O–

O

N+

N+

O

O

O– O

O–

O

N+

N+

O

O–

Figure A.184

O– O–

O

O–

N+

N+

O

O–

O

TNTPB: secondary high explosive.

O N+ O–

O– O

N+

N+

NH

O–

NH2

H2N O–

Figure A.185

O–

N+

N+

O

N+

N+ O

UDTNB: secondary high explosive.

O

240

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification H2C

As

H2C

Figure A.186

CH2

Vinylarsine: violent irritant.

H3C

O

S P

H3C

Figure A.187

S

CH3

O

Sub-VX: nerve agent.

O

H3C

H3C

CH3

P H3C

O

S

N

CH3 CH3

Figure A.188

VX: nerve agent.

Appendix B Illustrations

241

242

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Figure B.1

Samples of artificial black powder.

Figure B.2

Ammonium nitrate prills.

243

Appendix B

Figure B.3

Kinepak kinestik: binary explosive.

244

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Figure B.4

Kinepak kinestik: binary explosive primed with det cord.

Figure B.5

Blasting caps.

245

Appendix B

Figure B.6

Cast boosters.

Figure B.7

Cast boosters.

Figure B.8

Cast boosters.

246

Figure B.9

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Samples of GOEX black powder.

Figure B.10 Samples of GOEX black powder.

Appendix B

Figure B.11 Military plastic explosive.

Figure B.12 C4 plastic explosive.

247

248

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Figure B.13 Cast booster.

Figure B.14 Deta-prime.

Appendix B

Figure B.15 Slurry explosive.

Figure B.16 Deta-sheet.

249

250

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Figure B.17 Examples of det cord.

Figure B.18 Examples of det cord.

Appendix B

Figure B.19 Examples of det cord.

Figure B.20 Detonation reaction.

251

252

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification Delay Period Stamped on Shell Copper Shell Base Charge Inner Hood Ignition Charge Delay Charge Delay Tube

Insulating Sleeve Fusehead Insulating Clip Spark Gap Plug Triple Crimp

AUSTIN

Leg Wires Antistatic Insulation Numbering Tag MS 400

4.2 M 14 FT

EXPLOSIVE KEEP FROM CHILDREN

COAL.STAR

Figure B.21 Blasting cap delay.

Figure B.22 Dynamite.

Appendix B

Figure B.23 Electric match.

Figure B.24 Gelatin explosive.

253

254

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Figure B.25 Gelatin explosive.

Figure B.26 Deta-sheet.

Appendix B

Figure B.27 Dynamite fuse.

Figure B.28 Shaped charges.

Figure B.29 Explosive booby trap.

255

256

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Figure B.30 Explosive booby trap.

Figure B.31 High speed photo of a stick of dynamite detonating.

Appendix B

Figure B.32 Military dynamite.

Figure B.33 Military TNT.

257

258

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Figure B.34 Effects of mustard agent.

Figure B.35 Effects of mustard agent.

Appendix B

Figure B.36 Sack of ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO).

Figure B.37 Example of shaped charge.

259

260

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Figure B.38 Example of shaped charge.

261

Appendix B

Aluminum Shell Base Charge

Ignition Charge Delay Tube Delay Charge Antistatic Sealing Plug Double Extruded Shock Tube

Triple Crimp

Figure B.39 Shock tube blasting cap.

Figure B.40 Samples of smokeless powder.

262

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

Figure B.41 Military explosives.

Bibliography

Armenian Terrorist Devices and Materials Manual, No. 1172. Benson, Regnar, Guide to Home and Recreational Use of High Explosives, Paladin Press, Boulder, CO, 1988. Fester, Uncle, Home Workshop Explosives, Festering Publications, Green Bay, WI, 1990. Silent Death, revised and expanded 2nd ed., Festering Publications, Green Bay, WI, 1997. Friend, Robert C, Explosives Training Manual, 1975. Headquarters, Department of the Army, Explosives Boobytraps, September 1965. Headquarters, Department of the Army, Explosives Improvised Munitions Handbook, 1969. Headquarters, Department of the Army, Explosives Unconventional Warfare Devices and Techniques Incendiaries, May 1966. Headquarters, Department of the Army, Unconventional Warfare Devices and Techniques References, Washington, DC, April 1996. Lecker, Seymour, Shock Sensitive Industrial Materials: Advanced Improvised Explosives, vol. 2, Paladin Press, Boulder, CO, 1988. Ledgard, Jared B, The Preparatory Manual of Chemical Warfare Agents, 1st ed., Paranoid Publications, South Bend, IN, 2003. The Preparatory Manuel of Explosives, 2nd ed., Paranoid Publications, South Bend, IN, 2002. Meyer, Rudolf, Josef Kohler, and Axel Homburg, Explosives, 5th, completely revised ed., Berlage GmgH, Wiley-BCH, Weinheim, 2002. Pickett, Mike, Explosives Identification Guide, Delmar Publishers, Albany, NY, 1999.

263

Index

A

Aluminum chloride, 85, 87–88, 92–94, 101, 104, 138–139, 192 Amatol, 2, 30, 56 7-Amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan, 2 2-Amino-4,6-dinitrophenol, 22 5-Aminotetrazole, 87, 102, 124, 137, 188 Amiton, 179 Ammonium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate, 2 Ammonium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate, 2 Ammonium azide, 2, 30, 56, 84, 193 Ammonium chlorate, 2, 30, 56, 84, 193 Ammonium dinitramide, 3 Ammonium nitrate, 2–3, 30–31, 56–57, 84–85, 90, 94–95, 100, 102, 105, 122–123, 127, 129–130, 134, 137, 152, 154, 165, 174–175, 179, 193, 242, 259 Ammonium nitrate prills, 242 Ammonium perchlorate, 2–3, 30–31, 56–57, 84–85, 97, 102, 131, 148, 152, 193 Ammonium picramate, 2, 30, 56, 84, 88, 110, 122, 125, 169, 193. See also Ammonium 2-amino4,6-dinitrophenolate, ammonium 2-amino4,6-dinitropicrate Ammonium picrate, 2, 30, 56, 84, 113, 122, 174, 192. See also Explosive D Ammonium tri-iodide, 3, 30, 84, 116, 170, 194. See also Fly mines, nitrogen tri-iodide Ammonpulver, 3, 30, 57, 84, 163 AND, 3, 30–32, 34, 36–40, 42, 44–46, 48, 50, 52–54, 56–58, 60, 62–66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78–80, 84, 86, 88, 90, 93–94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 106, 108, 110, 112–114, 116–118, 122–124, 128–129, 132, 136, 138, 148–149, 152, 154, 160, 162, 164–166, 168, 170, 172, 174–176, 179–186, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252, 254, 256, 258, 260, 262. See also Ammonium dinitramide

a-Bromo-a-tolunitrile, 3 a-Bromobenzeneacetonitrile, 3 AC, 2, 30, 56, 84, 110–111, 114, 117, 122, 148, 154, 162, 172–173, 215. See also Ammonium chlorate, hydrogen cyanide, hydrocyanic acid, prussic acid, blausaure Acetic acid, 84, 87–88, 95, 98, 101–102, 104, 122, 124, 130, 132–133, 136–138, 189 Acetic anhydride, 88–89, 96, 98, 100, 105, 124–126, 130, 133, 137, 139, 154, 189 Acetone, 25, 52, 78, 84–86, 88–89, 95–97, 101, 103–105, 119, 123–126, 130, 132, 135–136, 138–140, 177, 189 Acetonitrile, 84, 86, 88, 92, 94, 96–97, 104–105, 123, 125, 130, 132, 138–139, 189 Acetyl chloride, 84, 88, 122, 189 Acetylene, 98, 190 Acetyltrinitro-cyclotetramethylene tetramine, 24 Acquinite, 5 Acrolein, 104, 138, 190 Adamsite, 7, 35, 61, 89, 177, 179, 190 ADBN, 2, 30, 56, 84, 110, 173, 190–191. See also 4,Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl nitrate ADNB, 2, 30, 84, 110, 122, 173 ADNBF, 2, 30, 84, 110, 122, 173, 191. See also 7-amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan Agent 1-8, 1,8-bis[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)ethylamino] octane, 5 Agent 1-10,1,10-bis[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)ethylamino] decane, 5 Agent Orange, 179 AgNF, 191 A-HMX, 192 Aluminum, 2–3, 30–31, 57, 85–88, 91–94, 96–98, 101–102, 104–105, 123, 127–129, 131–133, 136, 138–139, 148–149, 152, 163, 174, 186, 192, 261

265

266

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

ANFO, 2–3, 17–18, 30–31, 44–45, 56–57, 70–71, 84, 96–97, 111, 122–123, 154, 165, 172, 179, 259. See also Binary explosive ANPNT, 194 A-NPNT, 3, 31, 57, 85, 110, 123, 173. See also 4-amino-N,2,3,5,6-pentanitrotoluene ANS, 3, 31, 57, 85, 110, 123, 160. See also ANS Anthracene, 3, 31, 57, 86, 148, 156–157, 176 Antimony, 3, 31, 57, 91, 94, 102, 127–129, 148, 156, 158, 163 Antimony trisulfide, 3, 31, 57, 91, 127, 156, 163 APC, 3, 31, 57, 85, 110, 148, 154, 172. See also Ammonium perchlorate Arsenic, 3, 31, 57, 85, 88–90, 94, 98, 101, 106, 157, 161, 179, 194 Arsenic hydride, 3, 31, 57, 85, 194 Arsine, 3, 27, 31, 54, 57, 80, 85, 110, 113, 119, 161, 205. See also Arsenic hydride, hydrogen arsenide Artificial black powder, 242 AS-20, 3, 31, 57, 85, 113, 161. See also Distilled arsine, phenylarsine, diphenylarsine Asphyxiating agent, 179 Astrolite, 3, 31, 57, 85 4,Azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl nitrate, 2 Azidoethyl, 3, 31, 57, 85, 119, 173, 195. See also Tris(2-azidoethyl)amine

B Barium carbonate, 3, 31, 57, 127, 156 Barium chlorate, 3, 31, 57, 85, 94, 123, 129, 156 Barium nitrate, 3, 31, 57, 90–91, 126–129, 148, 156 Barium oxalate, 3, 31, 57, 156 Barium styphinate, 195 Barium styphnate, 3, 31, 57, 85, 123 Base charge, 179, 252, 261 B,B,-Dicyano-o-chlorostyrene, 6 BBC, 3, 31, 57, 85, 111, 164, 197. See also Bromobenzylcyanide, camite, abromobenzeneacetonitrile, a-bromo-atolunitrile BC, 3–4, 31, 57–58, 85, 108, 111–112, 164, 177. See also 1-bromo-2-propanone, cyanogen bromide, bromide cyanide BDC, 4, 31, 58, 85, 110, 123, 172, 195. See also Biguanidediperchlorate BDPF, 4, 32, 58, 85, 111, 173, 196. See also Bis(1,3-diazido-2-propyl)formal BE, 4, 32, 58, 85, 110, 123, 172, 179, 186. See also Binary explosive B-HMX, 196 Biguanidediperchlorate, 4 5,5′′-bi-1H-Tetrazole diammonium salt, 25

Binary explosive, 3–4, 31–32, 57–58, 84–85, 111, 179, 243–244 Bis[a-(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)pyrrolidinio]-4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate, 5 Bis[a-(3-dimethylcarbamoxyphenyl)methylamino]-4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate, 5 Bis(beta-chloropropyl) sulfide, 25 Bis(1,3-diazido-2-propyl)formal, 4 Black powder, 3–4, 23, 30, 32, 50, 57–58, 85–86, 94, 113, 117, 123–124, 136, 149, 154, 157, 163, 165, 179–180, 182–183, 242, 246. See also Gunpowder Black powder substitutes, 179 Black smoke, 4, 32, 58, 85–86, 157, 160, 165 Blasting agent, 20, 47, 114, 134, 174, 179 Blasting cap, 18, 45–46, 72, 132, 170, 179–180, 182, 185, 244, 252, 261 Blasting cap delay, 252 Blausaure, 2 Blister agent, 4, 8, 15–16, 24–35, 31, 43, 46, 49, 60, 62, 69, 72, 78, 108–109, 113–116, 119, 142–143, 145–146, 160–161, 174 Blister agents, 180, 189–190 Blood agent, 4, 25, 30, 56, 110–113, 117, 142–145, 160 Blood agents, 180 Blood gas, 180 Bomb, 180–181, 183, 185 Booby trap, 180, 255–256 Booster, 180, 248 Boric acid, 4, 32, 58, 156, 176 Brisance, 180 Bromide cyanide, 4 Bromoacetone, 196 Bromoacquinite, 4 Bromobenzylcyanide, 3 Bromopicrin, 4, 32, 58, 86, 111, 116–117, 119, 164, 197. See also Nitrobromoform, bromoacquinite, tribromonitromethane, picfume bromide 1-Bromo-2-propanone, 4 BZ, 180, 185

C C4, 6, 15, 17, 34, 42, 44, 60, 68, 70, 88, 96, 115, 117, 154, 160, 175, 177, 180, 185, 210, 247 CA, 4, 32, 58, 86, 108, 111–113, 117, 162, 164. See also Chloroacetone, 1-chloro-2-propanone, cyanogen, ethanedinitrile, dicyan, oxalic acid dinitrile, dicyanide Calcium, 16 Calcium carbonate, 4, 32, 58, 156, 177

Index Calcium oxalate, 4, 32, 58, 156 Camite, 3 Cane sugar, 94 Cannon fuse, 180, 183, 185 Carbon black, 4, 32, 58, 86, 114, 156, 163. See also Lampblack Carbon oxychloride, 22 Carbonic dichloride, 22 Carbonyl chloride, 22, 49, 75, 101, 184 5-Carboxy-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, 6 Cast booster, 245, 248 Cast explosive, 4–5 Castable explosive, 56, 113 CDNTA, 4, 32, 58, 86, 109, 124, 169, 197. See also 3,5-dinitro-1.2.4-triazole copper salt CE, 4–5, 32, 58–59, 86, 111, 124, 173. See also Cast explosive Cellulosetrinitrate, 20 Charcoal, 32, 84–87, 90–92, 96, 101–103, 105–106, 122–124, 127–132, 140, 148, 152, 156–157, 163, 179 ChemBio, 180 Chemical agent, 5, 33, 59, 108, 110–111, 163, 180, 183, 185, 198–199 Chemical agent 4-686-293-01, 108, 110, 163, 199 Chemical agent 4-686-293-02, 5, 110, 163, 199. See also Agent 1-8, 1,8-bis[(3dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)ethylamino] octane, dimethobromide monohydrate Chemical agent 4-692-530-01, 5, 111, 163. See also Bis[a-(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)pyrrolidinio]-4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate Chemical agent 4-692-530-02, 5, 111, 163. See also Bis[a-(3-dimethylcarbamoxyphenyl)methylamino]-4,4′-biacetophenone dibromide monohydrate Chemical agent 4-962-530-01, 198 Chemical agent 4-962-530-02, 198 Chemical agent 5-686-293-01, 5. See also Agent 1-10,1,10-bis[(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-apicolinyl)ethylamino] decane, dimethobromide 1/2 hydrate Chemical compounds, 1–2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 182 Chemical weapon, 198–199 Chloride cyanide, 5 Chlorine, 5, 33, 59, 86–89, 95, 100–101, 103, 126, 134–135, 137, 168, 180 Chlorine gas, 5, 33, 59, 86–87, 95, 100–101, 134–135

267 10-Chloro-5, 7, 35, 89, 177, 179 Chloroacetone, 4, 32, 58, 86, 199 Chloroacetophenone, 5 2-Chloroacetophenone, 5 2-Chloroethenyl arsenous dichloride, 18 Chloroformyl chloride, 22 2-Chloro-N,N-bis(2-chlorobutyl)butaneamine, 16 2-Chloro-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-ethaneamine, 16 2-Chloro-1-phenylethanone, 5 Chloropicrin, 5, 33, 59, 87, 110, 116–117, 119, 164, 200. See also Nitrochloroform, acquinite, trichloronitromethane, picfume 1-Chloro-2-propanone, 4 Chlorosarin, 5, 33, 59, 87, 112, 114, 167, 200. See also CICB, isopropylmethylphosphonochloridat, isopropoxymethylphosphoryl chloride Chlorosoman, 13, 41, 67, 93, 166, 200 Chlorotrilon, 13 1-Chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, 22 Chlorovinylarsine dichloride, 18 2-chlorovinyldichloroarsine, 18–19 Chocking agent, 22, 49, 111, 145 Choking agents, 180 CICB, 5 CK, 5, 33, 59, 111–112, 161–162. See also Cyanogen chloride, chloride cyanide Clay, 156, 164 CMPF, 13 CN, 5, 33, 59, 109, 111, 115, 176, 180, 186. See also Chloroacetophenone, mace, 2-chloro-1-phenylethanone, 2-chloroacetophenone CNTA, 5, 33, 59, 87, 94, 98, 110, 124, 130, 133, 168, 200. See also 5-nitroterazole copper salt Coloring agent, 4, 6, 46, 51, 56, 60, 72, 77, 156–157 Combustion, 181 Commercial blasting, 35-36, 62, 122, 127, 154, 161, 164 Comp C-1, 6, 60, 87, 124, 176 Convulsants, 181 Copper, 4–6, 32–34, 58–60, 86–87, 95, 99–100, 103, 105–106, 109, 124, 130, 133, 135, 137, 140, 156, 162, 168–169, 200, 252 Copper acetanarsenate, 6, 156 Copper azide, 6, 87, 124 Copper carbonate, 6, 34, 156 Copper chloride, 6, 156 Copper fulminate, 6, 87, 124, 200 Copper oxide, 6, 156 CR, 186 Cryolite, 6, 156, 162

268

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification

CS, 6, 87, 110, 116, 176, 181, 186. See also o-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile, B,B,-dicyano-o-chlorostyrene, o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile Cupric azide, 201 CW, 180 CX, 6, 34, 60, 87, 112, 114, 116–117, 160, 181. See also Phosgene oxime, dichlorofirmoxime, hornet gas, nettle gas Cyanide chloride, 181 Cyanogen, 3–5, 31–33, 57–59, 85–87, 99–100, 112, 124, 133, 135, 161–162, 177, 201 Cyanogen bromide, bromide cyanide, 4 Cyanogen chloride, 5 Cyanogenbromide, 201 Cyanogenchloride, 201 Cyclohexyl methylphosphonogluoridate, 181 Cyclonite, 6, 23, 34, 50, 60, 76, 88, 111, 118, 124, 175, 180, 185–186. See also RDX, C4 Cyclosarin, 13, 41, 67, 93–94, 112, 167, 201 Cyclo-sarin, 181 Cyclotrimethylethylenetrinitramine, 23

D DA, 6, 34, 60, 88, 112, 164. See also Diphenylchloroarsine DANP, 6, 88, 108, 124, 173, 202. See also 1,3-diazido-2-nitrazapropane DATB, 6, 88, 108, 124, 172, 202. See also 1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene DATBA, 6, 88, 110, 125, 172, 202. See also 5-carboxy-1,3-diamino-2,4,6trinitrobenzene DCA, 6, 88, 108, 176. See also 1,1-dichloro-2propanone, 1,1-dichloroacetone DDD, 6, 34, 88, 110, 125, 173, 203. See also 5,7dinitro 5,7-diaza-1,3-dioxabicyclooctane-2one DDNP, 7, 34, 88, 112, 169. See also Diazodinitrophenol Deflagration, 181 Defoliant, 179, 181, 183 Det cord, 21–22, 49, 75, 135–136, 175, 181, 244, 250–251 Deta-prime, 248 Deta-sheet, 181, 249, 254 Detonation, 181, 251 Detonation cord, 181 Detonation reaction, 251 Detonator, 181 Det-sheet, 181 Dextrin, 61, 156, 160 1,3-Diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, 6

DIANP, 7, 34, 61, 88, 108, 173, 203. See also 1,5-diazido-3-nitrazapentane 1,5-Diazido-3-nitrazapentane, 7 1,3-Diazido-2-nitrazapropane, 6 Diazodinitrophenol, 7, 34–35, 60, 88, 110, 112, 125, 168, 170, 203. See also 4,6-dinitro-2-diazophenol Dichloroacetone, 6, 34, 60, 88, 108, 204 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl sulfide, 24 2-2′-Dichlorodiethylamine, 15 2-2′-Dichlorodiethylmethylamine, 15 2,2′-Dichlorodipropyl sulfide, 25 Dichlorofirmoxime, 6 1,1-Dichloro-2-propanone, 1,1-dichloroacetone, 6 Dicyan, 4 Dicyanide, 4 Diethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, 12 Diimine, 7, 35, 61, 88, 112, 176, 204 Diimine,N,N′-bis-isopropylethylenediimine, 7 Diisopropylamine trinatrate, 7, 89 DIM, 7, 35, 88, 112, 176. See also Diimine,N,N′bis-isopropylethylenediimine Dimethobromide 1/2 hydrate, 5 Dimethobromide monohydrate, 5 Dimethyl methylphosphonate, 181 Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphorul fluoridehydrochloride, 11 Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, 11 Dimethylamidoethoxythiophosphorus cyanide, 12 Dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate, 11 DINA, 7, 35, 88–89, 112, 125, 171, 204. See also Dintroxydiethylnitramine 5,7-Dinitro 5,7-diaza-1,3-dioxabicyclooctane-2one, 6 4,4-Dinitro-1-butanol, 7 2,4-Dinitro-2,4-diazapentane, 7 4,6-Dinitro-2-diazophenol, 7 1,4-Dinitrofurazano piperazine, 7 2,4-Dinitrophenol, 7 2,4-Dinitrophenylurea, 7 4,6-Dinitroresorcinol, 7 3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazole, 21 3,5-Dinitro-1.2.4-triazole copper salt, 4 1,1′-Dintro-3,3-azo-1,2,4-triazole, 7 Dintrotetraoxadiazatetracyclododecane, 26 Dintroxydiethylamine nitrate, 7 Dintroxydiethylnitramine, 7 Dioxin, 179, 181 Diphenylaminechloroarsine, 7 Diphenylarsine, 3 Diphenylchloroarsine, 6, 34, 60, 88, 181, 204 Dirty bomb, 181, 185

269

Index Di-silver aminotetrazole perchlorate, 24 Distilled arsine, 3, 31, 57, 85, 113, 205 DITN, 35, 89, 112, 173, 205 DM, 7, 35, 89, 110, 112, 117, 177. See also Adamsite, phenarsazine chloride, diphenylaminechloroarsine, 10-chloro-5,10dihydrophenarsazine DMMD, 7, 35, 61, 89, 109, 172, 205. See also 2,4-dinitro-2,4-diazapentane DMMP, 181 DNAN, 7, 35, 89, 112, 125, 171, 205. See also Dintroxydiethylamine nitrate DNAT, 35, 89, 108, 126, 173, 206 DNB, 7, 35, 84, 89, 110, 122, 126, 170, 188. See also 4,4-dinitro-1-butanol DNFA-P, 7, 35, 89, 108, 126, 173, 206. See also 1,4-dinitrofurazano piperazine DNP, 7, 35, 89, 109, 115, 126, 169, 171, 206. See also 2,4-dinitrophenol, lead picrate DNPU, 7, 35, 89, 109, 126, 173, 207. See also 2,4-dinitrophenylurea DNR, 7, 35, 89, 110, 126, 172, 207. See also 4,6-dinitroresorcinol Double base, 181 DPT, 7, 35, 89, 115, 126, 173, 207. See also Methylenedinitrotetrazacyclooctane Dud, 181 Dynamite, 2, 8, 9, 30, 35–36, 56, 62, 90, 116, 122, 126–127, 134, 154, 165, 176, 181, 184, 252, 255–257 Dynamite fuse, 255

E ED, 8, 36, 90, 113, 161. See also Ethyldichloroarsine EDDN, 9, 36, 90, 113, 127, 172, 207. See also Ethylenediamine dinitrate EDT, 9, 36, 90, 115, 127, 173, 208. See also N,N′-di-2-ethanolethylenediamine tetranitrate EGDN, 9, 36, 90, 113, 116, 170, 182. See also Nitroglycol, ethylene glycol dinitrate Electric match, 182, 253 Emulsion explosive, 9, 36, 63, 90, 127, 176 EOD, 182 Erythritol tetranitrate, 9 Ethanedinitrile, 4 Ethyldichloroarsine, 8, 36, 62, 90, 113, 208 Ethylene glycol dinitrate, 9, 36, 62, 90, 113, 170, 182 Ethylenediamine dinitrate, 9 ETN, 9, 36, 63, 90, 113, 170, 209. See also Erythritol tetranitrate

Experimental chemical agent, 5, 33, 59, 108, 110–111, 142, 160 Explosive, 2–27, 30–39, 41–54, 56–65, 67–80, 84–86, 90, 93, 96–99, 101–102, 108–119, 122–140, 148–149, 152–154, 157, 160, 163–165, 168–177, 179–186, 188, 190, 194–197, 200, 214, 217, 225–239, 243–244, 247, 249 , 252–256 Explosive booby trap, 255–256 Explosive D, 2 Explosive mixture, 17–18, 20, 22, 44–45, 47, 49, 70–71, 73, 75, 96–97, 99, 101, 114, 160, 182 Explosive train, 182–184 Extremely pressure/impact sensitive, 74, 113, 132, 170 Extreme poison, 4–5, 30, 56, 59, 111–113, 117, 142–144, 160

F FI, 9, 37, 63, 91, 113, 148, 160. See also Flash incendiary Fire bricks, 9, 37, 63, 148, 160 Fire gel, 4, 9, 37, 63, 148, 160. See also Homemade napalm Fire retardant, 51, 77–78, 157 Fireworks, 9–11, 37–39, 63–65, 113, 117, 128–129, 148, 157, 165 Firing train, 182 First responder, 182 First World Trade Center terrorist incident, 27, 48, 74, 80, 176 Flash bangs, 9–11, 32, 37–39, 63–65, 113, 117, 128–129, 148, 157, 165 Flash comp, 9, 37, 63, 127–128 Flash/concussion grenades, 10–11, 37–39, 63–65, 117, 128–129, 148, 157, 165 Flash incendiary, 9 Flash powder, 9–11, 37–39, 63–65, 113, 117, 128–129, 148, 165. See also Pyrotechnic powder, flashlight powder Flashlight powder, 9–11, 37–39, 63–65, 113, 117, 128–129, 148, 165 Flex-X, 182 Fluorotabun, 11, 39, 65, 92, 113, 167, 209 Fluorotabun hydrochloride, 11 Fly mines, 3, 20, 30, 74, 98, 100, 113 Frag, 182 FTH, 11, 39, 65, 92, 112–113, 116, 167–168. See also Fluorotabun hydrochloride, dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl fluoride-hydrochloride, N-dimethylphosphoramidofluoridatehydrochloride

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F-TNB, 11, 39, 65, 92, 108, 129, 173, 209. See also 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Fuel, 2–5, 16, 18–19, 22–24, 26–27, 30–32, 44–46, 49–54, 56–59, 70–72, 75–79, 81, 84, 96–97, 102, 114, 119, 123, 131–132, 140, 148–149, 152, 154, 156–157, 163–164, 173, 179, 182, 185, 259 Fuel/air explosive, 44, 70, 131, 148 Fuse, 180, 182–183, 185, 255

G GA, 11–12, 39, 65, 92, 112, 118, 167, 182, 186. See also Tabun, dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate GAA, 12, 39, 65–66, 92, 112, 116, 118, 166–167. See also Tabun-II, diethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide, Ndiethylphosphoramidocyanidate thiotabun, dimethylamidoethoxythiophosphorus cyanide, Ndiethythiophosphoroamidocyanidate Gallic acid, 12, 39, 66, 91–92, 128, 148, 156, 160 GB, 12, 39–40, 66, 92, 114, 118–119, 167, 182, 185. See also Sarin, trilon 46, isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate, isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate, isopropylmethylphosphoryl fluoride GBE, 12, 40, 66, 92, 114, 118, 167. See also Sarin-ethyl, sarin-II, isopropylethylphosphonofluoridate, isopropylethylphosphoryl fluoride GBI, 12, 40, 66, 93, 114, 118, 168. See also Sarin-isopropyl, sarin-III, isopropoxy-2propylphosphonofluoridate, isoproxy-2propylphosphoryl fluoride GD, 13, 40, 66, 93, 115, 117–119, 166–167, 179, 182, 186. See also Soman, trilon, pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, methylphosphonofluoridate, methylphosphonofluoridic acid, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl ester GDCI, 13, 93. See also Chlorosoman, chlorotrilon, pinacolyl methylchlorophosphorusfluoridate, methylchlorophosphorusfluoridic acid, 1,3-tri-methylpropyl ester GDS, 13, 41, 67, 93, 115, 117–119, 166 Gelatin explosive, 13, 41, 67, 93, 129, 174, 253–254 “Gelled” explosive, 9, 36, 63, 176

GF, 13, 41, 67, 93–94, 112, 116, 167, 181. See also Cyclosarin, ocyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate, CMPF GOEX black powder, 246 Green smoke, 14, 41, 67, 94, 157, 163 GS, 14, 41, 67, 94, 114, 117–118, 167. See also Thiosarin, sulfur sarin, isopropylethylthiophosphorusfluoridate, isopropylethylthiophosphorus fluoride, o-isopropyl Gum arabic, 14, 41, 67, 156, 160 Gun cotton, 20, 32, 58, 85, 113, 165, 183 Gunpowder, 4, 32, 58, 85, 113, 165, 183

H HAZMAT, 183 HBN, 14, 41, 67, 94, 113, 129, 174. See also Hexanitrobibenzyl HD, 183 HE mix, 14, 41–42, 68, 94, 129, 164 Hemlock, 183 Herbicide, 183 Hexachlorobenzene, 15, 42, 68, 156 Hexachloromethane, 42, 68, 156 Hexaditon, 15, 42, 68, 108, 130, 174, 210. See also 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexanitrodiphenylmethane Hexamethylenetriperoxide diamine, 15 Hexamine, 15, 42, 68, 88, 94–95, 99, 102, 115, 124, 130, 134, 136, 177, 210. See also Methenamine Hexanitrate, 15, 18, 42, 45, 68, 71, 94, 97, 114, 118, 130, 171, 210. See also Sorbitol hexanitrate Hexanitrobibenzyl, 14–15 2,2,4,4,6,6-Hexanitrodiphenylmethane, 15 Hexanitro-hexaazaisowurtzane, 16 1,1,1,6,6,6-Hexanitrohexyne-3, 16 Hexanitrosilbene, 16 Hexanitrotetrachloroazobenzene, 16 Hexol, 15, 42, 68, 94, 113, 130, 173, 211. See also Hexanitrobibenzyl HGNTA, 15, 42, 68, 94, 115, 130, 169, 211. See also Mercury nitrotetrazole High explosive, 2–9, 11, 13–16, 18–27, 30–36, 41–54, 56–63, 65, 67–69, 71–80, 108–119, 122–127, 129–140, 148–149, 154, 164, 168–176, 179–180, 183–185, 188, 190–197, 200, 214, 217, 225–239 High speed photo of a stick of dynamite detonating, 256 HMTD, 15, 42, 68, 95, 113, 176. See also Hexamethylenetriperoxide diamine

271

Index HMX, 15, 42–43, 69, 95, 116–118, 174, 181, 183, 186, 192, 196. See also Octagen, tetranitrotetrazacyclooctane HN, 16, 196, 215, 217, 220, 233. See also Tris(betachlorobutyl)amine, 2-chloro-N,N-bis(2chlorobutyl)butaneamine, 2,2′, 2′′trichlorotributylmine HN1, 15, 43, 69, 95, 109, 115, 161, 211. See also N-ethyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl) amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)ethanamine, 2-2′-dichlorodiethylamine HN2, 15–16, 43, 69, 95, 109, 116, 160–161, 211. See also N-methyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)methamine, 2-2′dichlorodiethylmethylamine HN3, 16, 43, 69, 95, 108–109, 119, 161, 212. See also Tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine, 2-chloroN,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-ethaneamine, 2,2′, 2′′-trichlorotriethylamine HN4, 16, 43, 69, 95, 108–109, 119, 161, 212 HNBP, 16, 43, 69, 95, 113, 174, 213 HNF, 16, 44, 70, 95, 114, 172, 213. See also Hydrazine nitroform, hyrazinium nitroformate HNH-3, 16, 44, 96, 108, 171, 213. See also 1,1,1,6,6,6-hexanitrohexyne-3 HNIW, 16, 44, 96, 113, 130, 172, 214. See also Hexanitro-hexaazaisowurtzane HNS, 16, 44, 96, 114, 130–131, 174, 214. See also Hexanitrosilbene HNTCAB, 16, 44, 96, 114, 131, 172, 214. See also Hexanitrotetrachloroazobenzene Hoax, 183 Hobby fuse, 183 Homemade napalm, 9, 63, 91, 160 Hornet gas, 6 Household cleaning agents, 183 HT, 183 HTH, 16, 44, 96, 111, 148, 170. See also Calcium hypochlorite HTND, 215 Hydrazine nitroform, 16 Hydrocyanic acid, 2 Hydrogen arsenide, 3 Hydrogen cyanide, 2 Hydrogen gas, 44, 70, 96, 131, 148, 163 Hyrazinium nitroformate, 16

I ICS, 183 IED, 4, 20, 23, 32, 47–48, 50, 58, 73, 76, 111, 113, 115–118, 123–124, 134, 136, 149, 152, 154, 165, 183, 220

IEM, 17–18, 44–45, 71, 96–97, 114, 117, 131–132, 148–149, 160, 173–174. See also Improvised ANFO, improvised explosive, improvised explosive mixture, poor man’s C4 IIVX, 18, 45, 97, 117–118, 166, 215. See also Sub-VX,S-(2-dimethylaminomethyl)-oethyl methylphosphonothiolate, o-ethyl S-[2-(dimethylamino)methyl]methylphosphonothioate Impact-sensitive material, 3, 23, 30, 45–46, 72, 116–117, 122, 136, 164 Improvised ANFO, 17–18 Improvised explosive, 19, 72, 164 Improvised explosive device, 183 Improvised explosive mixture, 17–18, 20, 22 Improvised military propellant, 27, 118, 140, 164 Improvised projectile propellant, 51, 71, 80, 152, 164 Incapacitantia, 183 Incendiary, 9, 19, 24, 26, 30, 32, 34, 36–38, 40, 42, 44, 46–48, 50–54, 63, 77, 79, 91, 102, 113, 118, 148–149, 160, 164, 180, 183, 193 Inert, 183 Initiator, 183, 185 Inositol hexanitrate, 18 Inositol nitrate, 18, 45, 71, 97, 114, 171, 215, iron. See also Inositol hexanitrate iron, 18 Insecticides, 183 Iron, 18, 45, 97, 102, 104, 131–132, 136, 148–149, 156, 163 Isocyanogen tetrazide, 25 Isopropoxymethylphosphoryl chloride, 5 Isopropoxy-2-propylphosphonofluoridate, 12 Isopropylethylphosphonofluoridate, 12 Isopropylethylphosphoryl fluoride, 12 Isopropylethylthiophosphorus fluoride, 14 Isopropylethylthiophosphorusfluoridate, 14 Isopropylmethylphosphonochloridat, 5 Isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate, 12 Isopropylmethylphosphoryl fluoride, 12 Isoproxy-2-propylphosphoryl fluoride, 12

K Kampfstoff, 24 KDN, 216 Kinepak kinestik, 243–244 KND, 18, 45, 71, 97, 117, 132, 171. See also Potassium dinitramide KNF, 18, 45, 97, 117, 132, 173, 216. See also Potassium nitroform

272

Explosives and Chemical Weapons Identification L

Lachrymatory agent, 3–6, 31–33, 57–58, 60, 108, 111–112, 117, 119, 142, 164–165 Lampblack, 4 Large vehicle bomb, 183 Lead azide, 18, 45–46, 72, 97–98, 132, 169–170 Lead nitrotetrazole, 19 Lead picrate, 7, 18, 35, 46, 61, 72, 89, 98, 109, 115, 169, 216. See also 2,4,6-trinitro-leadphenolate Lead styphnate, 18, 98, 109, 168–169, 216. See also 2,4,6-trintro-lead phenolate Lead-TNP, 18, 119, 132, 169, 217. See also Trinitrophloroglucinal lead salt Lewisite, 18–19, 46, 72, 98, 109, 112, 161, 217. See also 2-chlorovinyldichloroarsine, 2-chloroethenyl arsenous dichloride, chlorovinylarsine dichloride LEXP, 19, 46, 72, 98, 115, 132–133, 160, 164. See also Liquid explosive Linseed oil, 19, 98, 149, 156, 176 Liquid explosive, 19 Lithium carbonate, 19, 46, 72, 98, 156 LNTA, 19, 98, 114, 169, 217. See also Lead nitrotetrazole Low explosive, 2, 4, 9–11, 17, 20, 23, 30, 32, 37–39, 44, 47–48, 50, 56, 58, 63–65, 70, 73, 76, 111, 113, 115–118, 122–124, 128–129, 131, 134, 136, 148–149, 152, 154, 157, 165, 179, 182, 184, 186, 193, 220 LSD, 184 LVB, 183 Lysergic acid diethylamide, 184

M Mace, 5 Magnesium, 19, 84–85, 88–91, 94, 96–100, 102, 104–106, 122–126, 128–129, 131–133, 135–136, 138–139, 148–149, 154, 156–157, 163 Main charge, 2, 6, 15, 21, 23, 25–27, 34, 42, 48, 50, 53–54, 56, 60, 68, 74, 76, 79–80, 109, 111–115, 118–119, 122, 124, 130, 134–140, 174–176, 184, 238 MD, 19, 46, 72, 98, 161. See also Methyldichloroarsine Mercury azide, 19, 98, 217 Mercury fulminate, 19, 98, 217 Mercury nitride, 19, 98, 218 Mercury nitrotetrazole, 15

Methenamine, 15 Methylchlorophosphorusfluoridic acid, 13 Methyldichloroarsine, 19 1-Methyl-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole, 19 Methylene dinitramine, 19, 98, 218 Methylenedinitrotetrazacyclooctane, 7 Methylnitramine, 19, 46, 72, 89, 98, 125, 218 2-Methyl-2-(N-nitro-N-trinitroethylamino)-1,3propyl dinitrate, 21 Methylphosphonofluoridate, 13, 40, 66, 93, 117, 166 Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, 13 Methylphosphonothioic acid S-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl], 27 Methylpicric acid, 19, 109, 133, 172, 218. See also 2,4,6-trinitro-3-methylphenol MGP, 19, 98, 116, 133, 171, 219. See also N-methyl gluconamide pentanitrate Military dynamite, 257 Military explosives, 53, 56, 138, 184, 262 Military munitions, 6, 23, 25, 50, 53–54, 74, 76, 79, 80, 115–116, 119, 122, 136–140, 175 Military plastic explosive, 180, 247 Military propellant, 15, 42, 68, 113, 130 Military TNT, 257 MNA, 19, 98, 115, 133, 172. See also Methylnitramine MNTA, 19, 47, 99, 108, 133, 171, 219. See also 1methyl-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole Molotov cocktail, 19, 47, 73, 99, 149, 160 Monomethyl cyclohexanepentanitrate, 23 m-Cresol, 98 m-Phenylenediamine, 88 Munitions, 6, 21, 23, 25–27, 34, 50, 53–54, 60, 76, 79–80, 111–112, 115, 118, 124, 135–140, 175, 180, 184, 238 Munroe effect, 184 Mustard agent effects of, 258 Mustard gas, 24–25, 52, 78, 103, 115, 160–161, 183–184, 219 Mustard gas II, 25

N NC, 184 N-Diethylphosphoramidocyanidate thiotabun, 12 N-Diethythiophosphoroamidocyanidate, 12 N-Dimethylphosphoramidofluoridatehydrochloride, 11 NDTT, 19, 47, 99, 110, 133, 170 5NDTT, 188 NENA, 19, 24, 47, 51, 73, 77, 99, 103, 115, 133, 137, 171, 219, 228. See also N-2-nitroxyethyl nitramine

273

Index Neopentylene fluorophosphate, 21 Neopentylene fluorophosphonothioate, 21 Neopentylene phosphoryl fluoridate, 21 Neopentylene thiophosphorus fluoridate, 21 Nerve agent, 11–14, 21, 39–41, 59, 65–67, 71, 78, 111–119, 143–146, 166–168 Nerve agents, 184, 186 Nerve gases, 184 N-Ethyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine, 15 Nettle gas, 6 NFPA, 184 NG, 19, 21, 47–48, 74, 99–100, 116, 134, 171, 175–176, 184, 220. See also Nitroglycerin NINHT, 19, 99, 109, 134, 173, 220. See also 2nitrimino-5-nitro-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine Nitramine, 25 Nitrated cellulose, 20 Nitrated cornstarch, 20 Nitric acid, 20, 47, 84–85, 87–90, 94, 96–106, 122–127, 130–140, 152, 154 2-Nitrimino-5-nitro-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 19 Nitro starch, 20, 47, 99, 114, 116, 134, 171, 174. See also Improvised explosive mixture, nitrated cornstarch Nitrobromoform, 4 Nitrocellulose, 20, 47–48, 89–90, 93, 99, 111, 113, 115–116, 118, 126–127, 129, 134, 152, 165, 181, 184, 186, 220. See also Nitrated cellulose, gun cotton, cellulosetrinitrate, smokeless powder Nitrochloroform, 5 Nitroform, 16, 18, 20, 24, 44–45, 51, 70–71, 74, 77, 95–97, 100, 103–105, 114, 117–119, 130, 134–135, 137–139, 170, 172, 220. See also Trinitromethane Nitrogen tri-iodide, 3, 20, 30, 57, 84, 100, 113, 134–135, 170. See also Fly mines Nitroglycerin, 19, 21, 47–48, 73–74, 89–90, 99–101, 113, 115–116, 126–127, 136, 175–176, 181–182, 184, 186. See also NG Nitroglycerine, 21 Nitroglycol, ethylene glycol dinitrate, 9 Nitroguanidine, 21, 99–100, 134–135, 174, 186, 221 Nitro-PCB, 21, 100, 109, 135, 172, 221. See also 3-nitroperchlorylbenzene 3-Nitroperchlorylbenzene, 21 5-Nitroterazole copper salt, 5 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, 21 Nitrourea, 21, 48, 74, 89, 101, 116, 126, 176, 221 N-Methyl-2,2′ di(chloroethyl)amine, 15–16 N-Methyl gluconamide pentanitrate, 19 N-Methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitrobenzenamine, 25 NMHAN, 21, 100, 116, 135, 170, 221. See also N-nitro N-methylhydroxy acetamidenitrate

N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)ethanamine, 15 N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)methamine, 15 N,N′-di-2-ethanolethylenediamine tetranitrate, 9 N-Nitro N-methylhydroxy acetamidenitrate, 21 N-2-Nitroxyethyl nitramine, 19 NPF, 21, 100, 115, 168, 222. See also Neopentylene phosphoryl fluoridate, neopentylene fluorophosphate, neopentylene fluorophosphate NPSF, 21, 48, 74, 100, 115, 168, 222. See also Neopentylene thiophosphorus fluoridate, neopentylene fluorophosphonothioate NQ, 21, 48, 74, 100. See also Nitroglycerine NTA, 21, 100, 109, 169, 222. See also 3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazole N′-Tetranitrate, 21, 135, 222 NTND, 21, 109, 135, 171. See also 2-methyl-2(N-nitro-N-trinitroethylamino)-1,3-propyl dinitrate NTO, 21, 48, 74, 109, 135, 170, 223. See also 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one NU, 21, 101, 116, 176. See also Nitrourea

O o-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile, 6, 34, 60, 87, 223 o-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile, 6 Octagen, 15 o-Cyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate, 13 o-Ethyl 2-ethylthioethyl methylphosphonotioate, 24 o-Ethyl S-[2-(dimethylamino)methyl]methylphosphonothioate, 18 o-Isopropyl, 14 Oleander extract, 184 Ordnance, 182, 184 OSHA, 184 Oxalic acid dinitrile, 4 Oxidizers, 2–3, 23–24, 30–31, 50–51, 56–57, 76–78, 122, 136–137, 149, 154, 156–157, 163, 184–185, 193

P Parathion, 184 Parlon, 21, 74, 101, 156, 160 PBX, 185 PCB, 21, 48, 74, 100–101, 109, 117, 135, 172, 221, 223. See also Perchlorylbenzene PD, 21, 49, 75, 101, 117, 161. See also Phenyldichlorosarsine

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PEN, 21, 49, 75, 101, 117, 135, 171, 224. See also Pentacrythritol trinitrate PENO, 184 Pentacrythritol trinitrate, 21 Pentaerithryltol tetranitrate, 22 2,3,4,5,6-Pentanitrololuene, 22 Perchlorylbenzene, 21 Pesticides, 184 PETN, 21–22, 49, 75, 101, 117, 135–136, 175, 181, 184, 186, 224. See also Pentaerythritol trinitrate Petroleum jelly, 22, 49, 75, 96, 101, 119, 131, 136, 149, 157, 163. See also Pentaerithryltol tetranitrate, vaseline Phenarsazine chloride, 7 Phenylarsine, 3 Phenyldichloroarsine, 21, 49, 75, 101, 117, 225 Phosgene, 6, 22, 34, 49, 60, 75, 87, 101, 111, 117, 160, 162, 181, 184, 225. See also Carbonyl chloride, carbon oxychloride, carbonic dichloride, chloroformyl chloride Phosgene oxime, 6, 34, 60, 87, 117, 181, 225 Phosphonothioic acid, methyl, 186 Phosphorus, 22, 49, 75, 87, 91–95, 99–103, 128, 130, 134–137, 148–149, 152, 157, 163 Picfume, 5 Picfume bromide, 4 Picramic acid, 22, 49, 75, 101, 109, 136, 172, 225. See also 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol Picric acid, 22, 49, 75, 84, 88–89, 98, 101, 103, 109, 114, 122, 125–126, 132, 136–137, 172, 174–175, 226. See also Improvised explosive mixture; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol Picryl chloride, 22, 49, 75, 95, 101, 103, 108, 130, 136–137, 174, 226. See also 1-chloro-2,4,6trinitrobenzene Pilocarpine, 185 Pinacolyl, 13, 40–41, 66–67, 93, 117, 166 Pinacolyl methylchlorophosphorusfluoridate, 13 Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, 13 Plastic explosive, 6, 23, 49–50, 60, 75–76, 101, 124, 136, 137, 174, 176, 180–181, 184, 186, 247 Plastic explosives, 22, 49, 75, 117, 135–136, 175, 185 Plastic-bonded explosives, 185 PNT, 22, 50, 76, 102, 108, 136, 174, 226. See also 2,3,4,5,6-pentanitrololuene Poison gas, 5 Polyvinylchloride, 22, 50, 76, 117, 157, 160. See also PVC Poor man’s C4, 17 Potassium benzoate, 22, 50, 76, 157, 163

Potassium chlorate, 23, 50, 76, 86, 91, 96–97, 99, 101–102, 106, 117, 124, 127–129, 131–132, 136, 148–149, 154, 157–158, 165 Potassium dinitramide, 18 Potassium nitrate, 23, 50, 76, 85–86, 88–90, 92–94, 96–97, 99–101, 105–106, 124–129, 131, 133–134, 136, 140, 148–149, 154, 157, 179 Potassium nitroform, 18 Potassium perchlorate, 23, 50, 76, 90–91, 94, 102, 127–129, 136, 148, 152, 157–158 Potassium picrate, 23, 50, 76, 157, 177 Precursor chemical materials, 185 Pressure-sensitive explosive, 23,117 Primary fragmentation, 185 Primary high explosive, 2–6, 18–21, 24–25, 30–35, 42, 45–46, 48, 51–53, 56–60, 68, 71–72, 74, 77–79, 113–114, 116, 122–125, 130, 132, 134–135, 137, 168–170, 180, 185, 191, 193–195, 197, 200–201, 203, 206, 211, 217–218, 222, 228–229 Primer, 18, 45–46, 72, 132, 170, 185 Primer cap, 185 Prussic acid, 2 PSE, 23, 50, 76, 117, 136, 164. See also Pressure-sensitive explosive Psychotomimetic agent, 180, 185 PVC, 22 Pyrotechnic fuse, 185 Pyrotechnic mixtures, 185 Pyrotechnic powder, 9–11, 37–39, 63–65, 91, 117, 164 Pyrotechnics, 128–129, 148, 157

Q QNB, 180 Quebrachitol nitrate, 23, 50, 76, 115, 136, 171, 227. See also Monomethyl cyclohexanepentanitrate

R RDD, 185 RDX, 6, 23, 34, 43, 50, 60, 69, 76, 87–88, 101–102, 112, 116–118, 124, 130, 136–137, 174–175, 180–181, 183, 185–186, 227 RDX1, 23. See also Cyclonite, cyclotrimethylethylenetrinitramine Red smoke, 23, 50–51, 77, 157–158, 170 Report, 185 Riot control agent, 185

275

Index Rocket fuel, 23–24, 51, 152, 164, 173 RVX, 185

S Safety fuse, 185 Samples of smokeless powder, 261 Sarin, 12, 14, 24, 39–41, 51, 66–67, 92–94, 118, 157, 160, 167–168, 179, 181–182, 185–186, 208, 227–228 Sarin-ethyl, 12 Sarin-II, 12 Sarin-III, 12 Sarin-isopropyl, 12, 40, 66, 93, 118, 228 SATP, 24, 51, 113, 168, 228. See also Di-silver aminotetrazole perchlorate S-(2-dimethylaminomethyl)-o-ethyl methylphosphonothiolate, 18 Screening/signaling smoke, 4, 23, 27, 32, 40, 51, 54, 77, 80–81, 157–158, 170 Secondary fragmentation, 185 Secondary high explosive, 2–4, 6–9, 11, 13–16, 18–27, 30–36, 41–54, 56–58, 60–63, 65, 67–69, 71–76, 78–80, 108–119, 122–127, 129–140, 148–149, 154, 170–176, 185, 188, 190–192, 194–196, 202, 214–216, 218, 225–230, 232–239 SEI, 24, 51, 77, 118, 149, 160, 170. See also Selfigniting incendiary Self-igniting incendiary, 24, 51, 77, 102 Semtex, 186 Severe irritant, 6, 7, 32, 59, 60, 116, 143, 176 Shaped charge, 186, 255, 259–260 Shellac, 24, 51, 157, 160 Shock tube, 15, 42–43, 69, 116–118, 130, 174, 186, 261 Shock tube blasting cap, 261 Shrapnel, 181, 186 Silver azide, 24, 51, 77, 168, 228 Silver fulminate, 24, 51, 169, 228 Silver NENA, 24, 51, 103, 228 Silver nitride, 24, 51, 103, 229 Silver nitroform, 24 Single base, 186 Slurry explosive, 249 Smoke ingredient, 15, 27, 148–149, 156 Smokeless powder, 20, 47, 73, 86, 99, 115–116, 118, 134, 152, 154, 157, 165, 174, 181, 184, 186, 261 SNF, 24, 51, 103, 118, 169. See also Silver nitroform Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate, 24 Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate, 24

Sodium chlorate, 24, 51, 84, 86, 91, 96, 106, 122, 124, 129, 131–132, 140, 148–149, 154, 157 Sodium nitrate, 24, 51, 77, 84–86, 88–90, 94, 97, 99–100, 104–105, 122–127, 129, 131, 134, 136–139, 154, 157, 179 Sodium perchlorate, 24, 51, 77, 84–85, 91, 123, 128–129, 137, 148, 154, 157 Sodium picramate, 24, 51, 77, 88, 103, 118, 125, 137, 169, 229. See also Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate, sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate SOLEX, 24, 51, 77, 103, 110, 130, 137, 173, 229. See also Acetyltrinitro-cyclotetramethylene tetramine Soman, 13, 40, 66, 93, 166, 179, 182, 186, 229 Sorbitol hexanitrate, 15 Stabilizer, 4, 22, 24, 32, 46, 49, 51, 58, 72, 75, 78, 156–157, 176 Strontium carbonate, 24, 51, 157 Strontium nitrate, 24, 51, 78, 157, 163 Strontium oxalate, 24, 51, 78, 157, 162 Styphnic acid, 24, 51, 78, 85, 103, 108, 123, 132, 172, 230. See also 2,4,6-trinito1,3-benzenediol Sub-VX, 18, 24, 45, 52, 71, 78, 97, 103, 117, 166, 168, 240 Sub-VX, 18, 24. See also o-ethyl 2-ethylthioethyl methylphosphonotioate Sulfur, 14, 24–25, 41, 52, 67, 78, 85, 88, 91, 94–97, 101, 103, 106, 109, 114–115, 118–119, 123–125, 127–129, 131–132, 137, 148–149, 157–158, 160–161, 163, 167, 169, 179, 230 Sulfur mustard, 24–25, 52, 78, 103, 109, 114–115, 119, 160–161, 230. See also Mustard gas, kampfstoff, yperite, 2,2′-dichlorodiethyl sulfide Sulfur mustard II, 25, 52, 78, 103, 115, 161, 230. See also Mustard gas II, 2,2′-dichlorodipropyl sulfide, bis(beta-chloropropyl) sulfide Sulfur nitride, 25, 52, 78, 103, 230 Sulfur sarin, 14

T TA, 25, 52, 78, 103, 119, 172, 230. See also Trinitroanisole Tabun, 11–12, 39, 65, 92, 118, 166–167, 182, 186, 231 Tabun-II, 12, 39, 65, 92, 118, 166, 231 TADA, 25, 52, 78, 103, 110, 169, 231. See also 5,5′′-bi-1H-tetrazole diammonium salt TAEN, 25, 52, 78, 103, 119, 137, 170, 231. See also Triazoethanol nitrate TAT, 103, 137, 232

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TATB, 25, 52, 78, 103–104, 108, 137–138, 171–172, 232. See also 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6trinitrobenzene TATP, 25, 52, 78, 119, 138, 177. See also Tri-acetone tri-peroxide TBA, 25, 52, 79, 109, 171, 232. See also 4,4,4trinitrobutyraldehyde TCTNB, 25, 52, 79, 119, 138, 173, 233. See also Trichlorotrinitorbenzene Tear gas, 180–181, 185–186 TEPP, 186 Terrorists, 42, 68, 113, 130 Terrorist explosive, 25, 27, 52, 78, 119, 138 Tertranitromethamine, 26 Tetraminecopper chlorate, 27 Tetraniline, 25, 52, 79, 84, 118, 122, 169, 233. See also Tetranitro aniline Tetranitro aniline, 25 1,3,5,7-Tetranitroadamantane, 26 1,4,6,9-Tetranitrodimantene, 26 1,1,1,2-Tetranitropropane, 26 Tetranitro-tetrazacyclooctane, 15 Tetrazide, 25, 53, 79, 114, 169, 233. See also Isocyanogen tetrazide Tetryl, 25, 53, 79, 116, 175, 234. See also Nitramine, N-methyl-N,2,4,6tetranitrobenzenamine TEX, 26, 53, 79, 112, 138, 173, 234. See also Dintrotetraoxadiazatetracyclododecane TGP, 234 Thermite, 26, 53, 79, 149, 164, 170 Thiosarin, 14, 41, 67, 94, 167, 235 Thiosoman, 13, 41, 67, 93, 118, 166, 235 Thiotabun, 12, 39, 66, 92, 118, 167, 235 Titanium, 26, 53, 79, 157, 163 TNA, 26, 53, 79, 108, 138, 170, 235. See also 1,3,5,7-tetranitroadamantane TNAD, 26, 53, 79, 104, 108, 138, 173, 236. See also 1,4,5,8-trinitro-1-butanol TNB, 11, 26, 39, 53, 65, 79, 89, 92, 104, 108–109, 126, 129, 138, 154, 170, 173, 209, 236. See also 4,4,4-trinitro-1-butanol TNBCI, 26, 53, 79, 104, 119, 139, 174, 236. See also Trinitrobenzylchloride TND, 26, 53, 79, 105, 108, 139, 171, 237. See also 1,4,6,9-tetranitrodimantene TNEN, 26, 53, 79, 105, 108, 139, 170, 237. See also 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-2-nitroxyethyl ether TNM, 26, 53, 79, 105, 118, 139, 154, 171, 237. See also Tertranitromethamine TNP, 18, 26, 46, 53, 72, 79, 98, 105, 108, 119, 132, 139, 169, 171, 217, 238. See also 1,1,1,2-tetranitropropane, trinitropyridine

TNT, 26–27, 53–54, 56, 79–80, 84–85, 94, 96, 102, 104–105, 109, 119, 122–123, 129–130, 136, 139–140, 175, 238, 257. See also Trinitrotoluene; 2,4,6-tinitrotoluene, trinitrotoluene TNTC, 27, 54, 80, 105, 108, 140, 173, 238. See also 2,4,6-trinitro-2,4,6triazacyclohexanone TNTPB, 27, 54, 80, 105, 108, 140, 174, 239. See also 1,3,5-trinitro-2,4,6-tripicrylbenzene TPG, 27, 54, 80, 106, 109, 140, 171. See also 2,4,6-trinitrophloroglucinol Tri-acetone tri-peroxide, 25 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, 25 Triazoethanol nitrate, 25 Tribromonitromethane, 4 Trichloronitromethane, 5 2′′-Trichlorotributylmine, 16 2′′-Trichlorotriethylamine, 16 Trichlorotrinitorbenzene, 25 1,3,5-Trifluoro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, 11 Trilon, 12–13, 39–40, 66, 92–93, 119, 166–167 Trilon 46, 12 1,2,2-Tri-methylpropyl ester, 13, 40, 66, 93 1,3-Tri-methylpropyl ester, 13, 41, 67, 93 2,4,6-Trinito-1,3-benzenediol, 24 Trinitroanisole, 25 Trinitrobenzylchloride, 26 1,4,5,8-Trinitro-1-butanol, 26 4,4,4-Trinitro-1-butanol, 26 4,4,4-Trinitrobutyraldehyde, 25 2,2,2-Trinitroethyl-2-nitroxyethyl ether, 26 2,4,6-Trinitro-lead-phenolate, 18 Trinitromethane, 20 2,4,6-trinitro-3-methylphenol, 19 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol, 22 Trinitrophloroglucinal lead salt, 18 2,4,6-Trinitrophloroglucinol, 27 Trinitropyridine, 26 Trinitrotoluene, 26 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, 26–27 2,4,6-Trinitro-2,4,6-triazacyclohexanone, 27 1,3,5-Trinitro-2,4,6-tripicrylbenzene, 27 2,4,6-Trintro-lead phenolate, 18 Triple base, 48, 186, 221 Tris(2-azidoethyl)amine, 3 Tris(beta-chlorobutyl)amine, 16 Tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine, 16 Trivinylarsenic, Tris(vinyl) arsine, 27 TTCC, 27, 54, 80, 118, 140, 164. See also Tetraminecopper chlorate, tetramminecopper chlorate TX-60, 27

277

Index U UDTNB, 27, 54, 80, 110, 140, 173, 239. See also 5-ureido-1,3 diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene “Underground literature explosive,” 9, 13, 15, 17–19, 22, 24, 31, 37, 41–42, 44–47, 50–51, 63, 67–68, 70–71, 73, 76–77, 110, 113–115, 117, 123, 128–129, 131–132, 136, 148, 160, 164–165, 174 Urea nitrate, 27, 54, 80, 106, 140, 176 5-Ureido-1,3 diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, 27

V V-agents, 186 Vaseline, 22, 27 Vinylarsine, 240 Violent irritant, 27, 31, 57, 80, 119, 142, 146, 177 Vomit gas, 186 Vomiting agent, 35, 61, 110, 112, 117, 143 VS, 27, 54, 80, 119, 177. See also Trivinylarsenic, tris(vinyl) arsine

VX, 18, 24, 27, 45, 52, 54, 71, 78, 80, 97, 103, 115, 117–119, 166, 168, 179, 186, 240. See also TX-60, methylphosphonothioic acid S-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]

W Weapon of Mass Destruction, 183, 186 Whistle ingredient, 23, 157 White smoke, 27, 54, 80, 158, 177 WMD, 183, 186

Y Yellow smoke, 27, 54, 81, 158, 177 Yperite, 24

Z Zinc, 54, 85, 91, 106, 127, 140, 148–149, 157–158, 163, 226, 228, 230–234, 236, 238, 240