Automotive Control Systems: For Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle, Second Edition

Uwe Kiencke Lars Nielsen Automotive Control Systems For Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle

Uwe Kiencke Lars Nielsen

Automotive Control Systems For Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle Second edition With 345 figures and 13 tables

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Kiencke Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Department of Electrical Engineering 76187 Karlsruhe Germany [email protected] Prof. Dr. Lars Nielsen Division of Vehicular Systems Department of Electrical Engineering Linköping University 581 83 Linköping Sweden [email protected]

Library of Congress Control Number: 2005922217 ISBN 3-540-23139-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Data conversion by the author. Final processing by PTP-Berlin Protago-TEX-Production GmbH, Germany Cover-Design: Medionet AG, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 62/3141/Yu – 5 4 3 2 1 0

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E;B.$V.T`.T M M M M:ee FMX .[.TC?E![?GEG3[=.G!+T!+?.E[ M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:e^ FMXMH .[=G+H)
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GE[TGBcV[.CV M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:eF HeMHMH GTO_.!B!E'.![a=..B>TG!+'GE[!'[ M M M M M M M M M M M M:eF HeMHM^ GE[TGBc'B.VG3[=.
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554 2 <-E!< 4 !0= )C' HHMH G!+G+.B M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:^8 HHMHMH .O_?T.C.E[VG3[=.G!+G+.B M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:^8 HHMHM^ .7E?[?GEG3[=.G_TV.![= M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:^Y HHMHM\ G!+_T3!'.V!E+?E+[T.E;[= M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:^F HHM^ T?`.TG+.B M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:\e HHM\ c$T?+T?`.TG+.B M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:\^ HHM\MH .=?'B.GE[TGB!VAV M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:\^ HHM\M^ =!T!'[.T?V[?'VG3[=. _C!E!V!GE[TGBB.T M M M M M M M M:\: HHM\M\ E3GTC![?GE !E+B?E; M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:\X HHM\M: GCIB.[.T?`.TG+.B M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M::e HHM\M8 G+.BG3 _C!EE3GTC![?GE
'O_?V?[?GE M M M M M M M M M M::H HHM\MY E[.T>.`.E[
TT?`!B!E+.T`?'.?C.V M M M M M M M M M M M M::\ HHM\MX .3.T.E'.!B_.!B'_B![?GEM M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M::8 HHM\M/ GE;?[_+?E!B!E+![.T!BGE[TGBM M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:8H

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M^MH [.IH) !cBGT.bI!EV?GEa?[=T.VI.'[[G[?C.M M M M M M M M:YF
M^M^ [.I^) ?E.!T?d![?GE!TG_E+!'[_!BIG?E[G3GI.T![?GE M M M:Xe
M^M\ TGG3G3G$V.T`!$?B?[c M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:XH
M\ .V?;EG3GE[TGBB.TVM M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:X8
M\MH =.TG'.VVG+.BM M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:X8
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M\M: =G?'.G3[=.GE[TGBB.T!T!C.[.TV M M M M M M M M M M M M M:X/
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!Ec G3 [=. [.'=EGBG;?.V [=![ [G+!c !T. 'GEV?+.T.+ !+`!E'.+* VGC.[?C.V .`.E E.a* =!`. $..E !TG_E+ 3GT ! BGE; [?C.M [ ?V [=.T.3GT. ?E[.T.V[?E; [G !VA G_T> V.B`.V a=c [=.V. [.'=EGBG;?.V !T. V_T3!'?E; EGa !V 'GCC.T'?!B ITG+_'[VM ?T.'[ ?E@.'[?GE G3 ;!VGB?E. .E;?E.V ?V GE. .b!CIB.M =.V. 'GE'.I[V !T. EG[ E.a* .`.E

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;GG+ .b!CIB. ?V
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GGA?E; ![ [=. 3_[_T.* [=. [=T.. G`.T!BB G$@.'[?`.V !$G`. a?BB $. ?E 3G'_VM =. +.C!E+V G3 T.+_'.+ .C?VV?GEV !E+ !+`!E'.+ +?!;EGV?V 3_E'[?GE!B?[c !T. V[.!+?Bc ?E'T.!V.+ $c B.;?VB![GTV !E+ '_V[GC.TVM =. A.c !T.!V [=![ =.BI C..[?E; [=. ?E'T.!V.+ +.C!E+V !T. [=. +.`.BGIC.E[ G3 'GE[TGB !E+ +?!;EGV?V 3_E'[?GEV ?E [=. 'GE[TGB _E?[VM _T[=.T* [=?V 3_E'[?GE!B?[c a?BB =!`. [G $. G$[!?E.+ EG[ GEBc a=.E [=. '!T ?V E.a* $_[ G`.T ! V_V[!?E.+ I.T?G+ G3 [?C.M [=.T .b!CIB.V !T. ?CITG`.+ V[!$?B?[c +_. [G =!E+B?E; 'GE[TGB* !E+ ?CITG`.+ +T?`.!$?B?[c +_. [G +T?`.B?E. [GTO_. 'GE[TGB* a=?'= !BVG '!E $. _V.+ [G .M;M T.+_'. 'B_['= a.!TM .;!T+?E; C.[=G+GBG;c +.`.BGIC.E[* C![=.C![?'!B CG+.BV a?BB IB!c !E ?C> IGT[!E[ TGB.M =.c a?BB $. _V.+ 3GT CG+.B $!V.+ 'GE[TGB !E+ +?!;EGV?VM =.c a?BB !BVG $. [=. $!V?V 3GT .M;M V.EVGT 3_V?GE* !+!I[?`. 'GE[TGB* !E+ V_I.T`?V?GEM 4, !=-*2
_[GCG[?`. 'GE[TGB a?BB EG[ GEBc ?CITG`. .b?V[?E; `.=?'B. +.V?;EVM [ a?BB !BVG [G ! B!T;. .b[.E[ '=!E;. [=. `?.a G3 `.=?'_B!T VcV[.CV +.V?;E B.!+?E; [G)  .a C.'=!E?'!B +.V?;EVM =.V. E.a +.V?;EV !T. C!+. IGVV?$B. $c* !E+ T.Bc GE* [=. .b?V[.E'. G3 ! 'GE[TGB VcV[.CM .V?;E G3 `.=?'B.V ?V [=_V .`GB`?E; ?E[G 'G>+.V?;E G3 C.'=!E?'V !E+ 'GE[TGBM =. ;G!BV 3GT [=?V +.`.BGIC.E[ '!E $. V.[ =?;=* !E+ [=. I.TVI.'[?`.V GE !_[GCG[?`. 'GE[TGB VcV[.CV !T. [=.T.3GT. 'GE'B_+.+ a?[= !E ?EVI?T?E; C?E+ [.!V.T)
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[ '!E EG[ $. T_B.+ G_[ [=![ ! '!T '!E 3_E'[?GE !V !E !?T 'B.!E.T 3GT _V_!B [GaE !?TM E ! [cI?'!B [GaE ?E [=. ?E+_V[T?!B aGTB+* [=. !?T ?V [cI?'!BBc VGC.a=![ IGBB_[.+ 3TGC C!Ec VG_T'.V* ?E'B_+?E; '!TV* $_[ !BVG +_. [G =G_V. =.![?E; !E+ ?E+_V[T?.VM b?V[?E; !E+ _I'GC?E; [.'=EGBG;c BGa.T?E; .b=!_V[ .C?VV?GEV !T. V_'= [=![ [=. 'GE'.E[T![?GEV ?E [=. .b=!_V[ !3[.T [=. '![!BcV[ '!E $. BGa.T [=!E ?E [GaE !?TM =?V C.!EV [=![ [=. GT?;?E!BBc !`!?B!$B. IGBB_[!E[V =!`. $..E 'GC$_V[.+ GT =!`. $..E 'GBB.'[.+ ?E [=. '![!BcV[M ?E'. V_'= ! I.T3.'[ 'GC$_V[?GE ITG+_'.V GEBc a![.T !E+ '!T$GE +?Gb?+.* [=. ITG$B.C G3 '!T$GE +?Gb?+. ?V [=.E ! C![[.T G3 B.VV 3_.B 'GEV_CI[?GEM 3 ![ !BB IGVV?$B.* V_'= ! +.`.BGIC.E[ a?BB T.Bc =.!`?Bc GE !_[GCG[?`. 'GE> [TGB VcV[.CV V?E'. [=. '!T =!V [G 3_E'[?GE !V !E !?T 'B.!E.T _E+.T !BB IGVV?$B. '?T'_CV[!E'.V* BG!+ `!T?![?GEV* !E+ +T?`?E; V[cB.VM =?V ?V ! C?E+ [.!V.T* $_[ _E+.TV[!E+?E; [=. C![.T?!B ?E [=?V $GGA ?V ! 7TV[ V[.IM

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B8484

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=. [=.TC!B .E.T;c "? $TG_;=[ ?E[G ! ;!V G3 'GEV[!E[ C!VV T.V_B[V ?E ! T?V. ?E ?[SV ?E[.TE!B .E.T;c "I !E+ZGT ?V [T!EV3GTC.+ ?E[G C.'=!E?'!B aGTA G_[V?+. [=. ;!VM =_V* .E.T;c ?V E.?[=.T 'T.![.+ EGT +.V[TGc.+M =?V .O_![?GE ?V VGB`.+ $c ?E[.;T![?GE [G 'GCI_[. [=. .E.T;?.V ?E V[![. '=!E;.VM 40D1! +2*! =.T. !T. [aG $!V?' IT?E'?IB.V =Ga C.'=!E?'!B aGTA '!E $. +.B?`.T.+ [G GT 3TGC [=. VcV[.C) c ! '=!E;. G3 `GB_C. GT ! '=!E;. G3 IT.VV_T.M E .E;?E.V* ! B?C?[.+ !CG_E[ G3 'GCIT.VV.+ ;!V .bI!E+V ?E ! 'cB?E+.TM =. +?4.T.E[?!B C.'=!E?'!B aGTA "KA +.I.E+V GE [=. 3GT'.  _IGE [=. I?V[GE !E+ [=. +?4.T.E[?!B I?V[GE V[TGA. "C) "KA 1  "C 1 9
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J^M:K

=. aGTA "KA ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. A?E.[?' .E.T;c $TG_;=[ ?E[G [=. C.'=!E?'!B VcV[.C +_. [G [=. .bI!EV?GE G3 [=. ;!V ?E [=. 'cB?E+.TM .'=!E?'!B .E.T;c $TG_;=[ ?E[G [=. ;!V ?V E.;![?`.) " 2 e J'GCIT.VV?GEK !E+ [=.T.3GT. "KA 2 eM _[I_[ G3 C.'=!E?'!B aGTA 3TGC [=. ;!V ?V IGV?[?`.* " * e J.bI!EV?GEK* "KA * eM =?V '!E !BVG $. V..E ?E ?;_T. ^MHM

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1

3 JH  H+ K BE  K 1 ? , 3  H BE  

J^MY^K

1

H+ H  H + 1H H H

J^MY\K

C:C: 
    

HF

=. .5'?.E'c +.I.E+V GEBc GE [=. [.CI.T![_T. T![?G G3 H+ [G H M V?E; [=. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G % )  J^MY:K %1  [=. .5'?.E'c ?V JH+ 1 H K) &

1 1

H 1H H H H  * %

#

H

 

** J^MY8K J^MYYK

=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c '!E $. .bIB!?E.+ ;T!I=?'!BBc ?E [=. 9 >+?!;T!C ?E ?;> _T. ^MF) [ ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. T![?G G3 [=. ?E[.;T!B a?[=?E [=. 'c'B. [G [=. !T.! a=?'= ?V ITG+_'.+ $c ?E[.;T![?E; ? , M =. .5'?.E'c ?V ?CITG`.+ $c ?E'T.!V?E; [=. !T.! a?[=?E [=. 'c'B.M =?V '!E GEBc $. !'=?.`.+ $c ! T?V. G3 [=. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G % GT [=. [.CI.T![_T. T![?GM G ;?`. !E .b!CIB.)
VV_C?E; !$VGB_[. [.CI.T![_T.V) H

1

^/ee  

J^MYXK

H+

1

\ee  

J^MY/K

[=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c aG_B+ $.) & 1 e;/F !E+ [=. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G) % 1 ^YY V_IIGV?E; ! / 1 H;:M _'= ! 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G '!E =!T+Bc $. ITG+_'.+ $c T.!B .E;?E.VM cI?'!B 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?GV !T. ![ B.!V[ [.E [?C.V VC!BB.TM

B8B

 / 30C<@,31 1),1 <

GCCGEBc _V.+ 'GC$_V[?GE .E;?E.V ?E '!TV !T. 3G_T>V[TGA. .E;?E.VM =.c =!`. [aG ?E[.TC?[[.E[ 'c'B.V) [=. ;!V ?V 'GCIT.VV.+* 'GC$_V[.+ !E+ .bI!E+.+ ?E [=. 7TV[ 'c'B.* !E+ [=. ;!V ?V .b'=!E;.+ ?E [=. V.'GE+ 'c'B.M E [=?V V.'[?GE [=. V.'GE+ JGT I!VV?`.K 'c'B. a?BB EG[ $. 'GEV?+.T.+ [G V?CIB?3c [=. C![=.C![?'!B +.T?`![?GEVM =. ITG'.VV.V T.B![.+ [G [=. V.'GE+ 'c'B. a?BB $. +?V'_VV.+ ?E =!I[.T \M aG +?4.T.E[ [cI.V G3 'GC$_V[?GE .E;?E.V =!`. [G $. +?V[?E;_?V=.+) HM I!TA>?;E?[.+ JK E;?E.) GC$_V[?GE '!_V.+ $c !E .B.'[T?' VI!TA>?;E?[?GEM ^M ?.V.B E;?E.) GC$_V[?GE '!_V.+ $c V.B3 ?E9!CC![?GE +_. [G 'GCIT.V> V?GE!B =.![M E CGV[ V.'[?GEV* 9 T.IT.V.E[V [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T.*  [=. 'cB?E+.T `GB_C.* H [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T [.CI.T![_T.*  [=. .E[TGIc* ? [=. [=.TC!B .E.T;c G3 [=. ;!V* I ?[V ?E[.TE!B .E.T;c !E+ + ?[V .E[=!BIcM

^e

C:  
     H

9 \

?, +

\

?, + : ^

^

,C$5F@79,

,C$5F@79,

? 

:

H

H 

? 



   & 2#30E7 >6%(J? 9# 1 2#30E7 >E301J? ;( J1%  %9039% =E;%FF

B8B84

5;.+,)1,@  6 7 1),1

=. 7TV[  .E;?E. a!V IT.V.E[.+ $c ?AGB!_V [[G ?E H/Y^M =. 'GC$_V[?GE ITG'.VV '!E $. CG+.B.+ !V !E -=4+4<- 6<4!== a=.T. [=. ;!V `GB_C. ?V 'GE> V?+.T.+ [G $. 'GEV[!E[M =. 9 >+?!;T!C ?E ?;_T. ^MHe ?BB_V[T![.V [=![ [=. ;!V `GB_C. +G.V EG[ '=!E;. $.[a..E V[.I ^ !E+ V[.I \M =. T![?G G3 C!b?C_C [G C?E?C_C `GB_C. ?V ;?`.E $c) %1

 ,

J^MYFK

=?V T![?G % ?V '!BB.+ [=. 416+?!;T!C !E+ ?E [=. H>+?!;T!C '!E $. V..E ?E ?;_T. ^MHeM ![=.C![?'!BBc [=.c '!E $. +.V'T?$.+ !V 3GBBGa.+)

H  ^ ) V.E[TGI?' 'GCIT.VV?GE* "? 1 e) "? ? , "K

1 1 1

K ,

1

"I N "K 1 e e "I 1 3 A "H ,  3 A "H 1 3 A JH,  H K 

=. aGTA K , ?V _V.+ [G 'GCIT.VV [=. ;!V !E+ [=.T.3GT.* ?[ ?V E.;![?`.M

C:C: 
    

^H

^  \ ) VG'=GT?' ?EI_[ G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c* " 1 e) "K

1

K, +

1

"?

1

?, +

1

9 " 1 e + 9 " 1 e ,

"I 1 3 A "H + 3 A "H 1 3 A JH+  H, K ,

=. ?E'T.!V.+ [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?, + ?V '!_V.+ $c 'GC$_V[?GE G3 [=. ;!VM \  : ) V.E[TGI?' .bI!EV?GE* "? 1 e) ?+  "K

1 1

K+ 

1

e "I 1 3 A "H   3 A "H 1 3 A JH  H+ K +

=?V V[![. '=!E;. +.V'T?$.V [=. IGa.T V[TGA. G3 [=. .E;?E. a=.T. K+  ?V [=. G_[I_[ G3 A?E.[?' .E.T;c 3TGC [=. ;!V* a=?'= ?V IGV?[?`. JH 2 H+ KM :  H ) VG'=GT?' =.![ BGVV* " 1 e) "K K 

1

9 " 1 e  1 9 " 1 e 

"?

1

? 

1

"I N "K 1 3 A "H  3 A "H 1 3 A JH  H K 

=. BGVV G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?  ?V +_. [G [=. ;!V .b'=!E;.) =. $_TE[ =G[ ;!V ?V I_CI.+ ?E[G [=. .b=!_V[ !E+ [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T ?V 7BB.+ a?[= ! 'GB+ C?b[_T. G3 _E$_TE[ 3_.B `!IGT !E+ !?T J?  ?V E.;![?`. $.'!_V. G3 H 2 H KM =. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c G3 [=. .E;?E. ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. T![?G G3 !BB [=. A?E.[?' .E.T;?.V [G [=. ?EI_[ G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?, + ![ [=. 'GC$_V[?GE G3 ! 'GCIB.[.

^^

C:  
    

'c'B.) &=&

1 1 1 1

K , N K, + N K+  N K  ?, + 3 A JH, N H  H N H+ K 3 A JH+  H, K H  H H H+  H, H H EH  H H H, H+ EH,  H

=. T.B![?GEV=?I 3GT ?V.E[TGI?' '=!E;.V H  ^ !E+ \  : '!E $. _V.+ [G V?CIB?3c [=. .O_![?GE) # ** H H H + 1 J^MXeK 1 * 1 H+  % H, =?V c?.B+V) &=& 1 H 

H

J^MXHK

%*

B.!V. EG[. [=![ [=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c &=& +G.V EG[ +.I.E+ GE [=. !$VGB_[. [.CI.T![_T. `!B_.VM [ C!?EBc +.I.E+V GE [=. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G %M b!CIB.) GT ! 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G G3 % 1 HH !E+ !E !+?!$![?' 'G.5'?.E[ G3 / 1 H;: [=. [=.GT.[?'!B [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c &=& ?V) &=& 1 e;YHX

B8B8B

, < / 1),1

_+GB3 ?.V.B +.`.BGI.+ [=?V .E;?E. 3TGC H/F\ [G H/FXM E ! +?.V.B .E;?E.* [=. 'GC$_V[?GE [!A.V IB!'. ?E !E -=4<- =AA! +2*! +_T?E; [=. +GaEa!T+ CG`.> C.E[ G3 [=. I?V[GEM
[ [=. $.;?EE?E; G3 [=?V ITG'.VV [=. 'GC$_V[?GE ?V 'GE[TGBB.+ $c [=. ?E@.'[?GE G3 3_.B [G C!?E[!?E ! 'GEV[!E[ IT.VV_T. ![ [=. .bI!EV?GE 3TGC ^ [G \M =. ?VG$!T?' V[![. '=!E;. ?V ?E+?'![.+ $.[a..E V[.IV ^ !E+ \ ?E [=. 9 >+?!;T!C ?E ?;_T. ^MHHM =. CGT. 3_.B ?V ?E@.'[.+* [=. BGE;.T [=. +?V[!E'. $.[a..E V[.IV ^ !E+ \ !E+ [=. B!T;.T [=. `GB_C. T![?G) A1

H+ + 1 , H,

;

J^MX^K

=?V T![?G ?V '!BB.+ -2.!A-42 <A-4 GT 04 M =. ?E@.'[?GE T![?G A =!V !E ?CI!'[ GE [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c a=?'= ?V +.T?`.+ !3[.T .bIB!?E?E; [=. +?4.T.E[ I!T[V G3 [=. 'c'B.) H  ^ ) V.E[TGI?' 'GCIT.VV?GE* "? 1 e) "?

1

"I N "K 1 e

? ,

1 1

e "I 1 3 A "H

1

3 A JH,  H K

"K K ,

C:C: 
    

^\

?, +

9

\

^

,C$5F@79,

: ?  H ,



+



   =2#30E7 (;E 3%F%6 9039%

=. C.'=!E?'!B aGTA K , ?V _V.+ [G 'GCIT.VV [=. ;!V J.O_?`!B.E[ [G [=.  .E;?E.KM [ ?V E.;![?`.M

^  \ ) VG$!T?' ;!?E G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c* "9 1 e) "? ?, + "K K, +

1 1 1

"+   "9 1 3 2 "H 3 2 JH+  H, K 9 " 1 3  "H

1

3 JH+  H, K

E [=?V ITG'.VV* [=. 'GC$_V[?GE ;.E.T![.V [=. [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?, + !E+ ITG> +_'.V [=. A?E.[?' .E.T;c K, + M

\  : ) V.E[TGI?' .bI!EV?GE* "? 1 e) ?+  "K

1

e

1

"I 1 3 A "H

K+ 

1

3 A JH  H+ K

G[. [=![ K+  ?V IGV?[?`. V?E'. H 2 H+ M

^:

C:  
    

:  H ) VG'=GT?' =.![ BGVV* " 1 e) "K

1

K 

1

"?

1

? 

1

9 " 1 e  9 " 1 e 

"I N "K 1 3 A "H  3 A "H 1 3 A JH  H K 

G[. [=![ ?  ?V E.;![?`. V?E'. H 2 H M 

?[= / 1 /& !E+  1 J2  A K [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c G3 [=. +?.V.B .E;?E. '!E EGa $. '!B'_B![.+) K , N K, + N K+  N K  &=& 1 ?, + 3 A JH,  H K N 3J2  A KJH+  H, K  3 A JH  H+ K 1 3 2 JH+  H, K H H H EH  H 1 H / H, H+ EH,  H =?V .O_![?GE '!E $. V?CIB?7.+ $c _V?E; [=. T.B![?GEV=?I 3GT [=. ?V.E[TGI?' ITG'.VV JO_![?GE ^MXeK !E+ [=. T.B![?GEV=?I 3GT [=. ?VG$!T?' ITG'.VV JO_![?GE ^MX^KM
++?[?GE!BBc* [=. 3GBBGa?E; T.B![?GEV=?I ?V _V.+ 3GT [=. ?VG'=GT?' =.![ BGVV) H H

1

9 9  9, * * 1 1 +* * 9 9+ 9  ,

E [=![* a. =!`. 9, 1 9+ M # **<* # **<* # **<* # **<* H H, H, H H 1 1 H H+ H H H+ =?V T.V_B[V ?E) H EH 1 JH+ EH, K* 1 A* * a=?'= c?.B+V [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5> '?.E'c G3 [=. ?.V.B .E;?E.) &=& 1 H 

H A*  H %* / A  H H

J^MX\K

[ '!E $. V..E [=![ [=. .5'?.E'c &=& +.'T.!V.V !V [=. BG!+ A ?V ?E'T.!V.+M
[ =?;= BG!+V* [=. +?.V.B .E;?E. =!V ! BGa.T .5'?.E'c 'GCI!T.+ [G [=.  .E;?E.* V_IIGV?E; [=. V!C. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G % 3GT $G[= JV.. ?;_T. ^MH\KM =. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G 3GT ?.V.B .E;?E.V ?V =Ga.`.T C_'= =?;=.T [=!E 3GT  .E;?E.V [G ?CITG`. [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'cM

B8B8A

 ,/,) ; ;3 <<

=. .?B?;.T ITG'.VV CG+.BV [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' ITG'.VV ?E !_[GCG[?`. .E;?E.V C_'= $.[[.T [=!E [=. IT.`?G_VBc +.V'T?$.+ CG+.BV G3  !E+ ?.V.B .E;?E.VM ?;> _T. ^MH^ V=GaV [=![ [=. 'GC$_V[?GE ?V EGa +?`?+.+ ?E[G [aG I!T[V) E [=. 7TV[

C:C: 
    

^8

9 \

\

,C7@, ,C7+7@,

^ ,C$5F@79, : ,C7+7@, H ,



 +



   =2#30E7 ;( %3630%E =E;%FF

I!T[* [=. ;!V ?V =.![.+ ?E !E -=4+4<- 6<4!== $.[a..E V[.I ^ !E+ V[.I \M E [=. V.'GE+ I!T[ [=. ;!V ?V .bI!E+.+ ?E !E -=4<- =AA! +2*! $.[a..E V[.I \ !E+ V[.I \SM =. 'c'B. ?V '=!T!'[.T?d.+ $c [=. 416
1 1 1

"I N "K 1 e e "I 1 3 A "H

K ,

1

3 A JH,  H K

^  \ ) VG'=GT?' ?EI_[ G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c* " 1 e) "K K, + "?

1 1 1

9 " 1 e e "I 1 3 A "H

?, +

1

3 A JH+  H, K

\  \ ) VG$!T?' ?EI_[ G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c* "9 1 e) "? ?+ +  "K K+ + 

1

"+   "9 1 3 2 "H

1 3 2 JH+  H+ K 1 9 " 1 3  "H 1 3 JH+  H+ K

^Y

C:  
    

\  : ) V.E[TGI?' .bI!EV?GE* "? 1 e) ? +  "K K + 

1 1 1

e "I 1 3 A "H 3 A JH  H+ K

:  H ) VG'=GT?' =.![ BGVV* " 1 e) "K K 

1

9 " 1 e

"?

1 1

e "I N "K 1 3 A "H

? 

1

3 A JH  H K

=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c G3 [=. .B?;.T ITG'.VV ?V [=.E) &=&

1 1

K  , N K , + N K + +  N K +  N K   ?, + H EH  H H H+ EH  H, EH N /JH+ EH  H+ EH K

=. ?V.E[TGI?' ITG'.VV ?V '=!T!'[.T?d.+ $c) H, 1 %* H a=?'= c?.B+V) #

H H +

1 # 1 1

+ 

**

+ + +  A '* %

**

# 1

 +  , + 

**

E [=. ?VG'=GT?' ITG'.VV* [=. T.B![?GEV=?I 9+ H+ 1 1 H, 9, '!E $. _V.+* !E+ [=. [.CI.T![_T. T![?G ?E [=. ?VG$!T?' ITG'.VV ?V ;?`.E $c)  + H + 1 1A H+ +

;

=.T.3GT.* [=. 3GBBGa?E; [.CI.T![_T. T![?GV C!c $. .bIT.VV.+ !V) H+ H H + H H H

1 1 1

H+ H, 1 %* H, H H + H + 1 A %* H+ H H  H + A '* 1 A H + H  %

%* 1

A*

C:C: 
    

^X

&=& A1H A1^ A1\

:

/

H^



1 H! ^e

J/ 1 H;:! % 1 ^\! A 1 37"I0F$"K

eM^

A

",$C$0



eM:

J/ 1 H;:! % 1 HH! A 1 HK

eMY

^:

%

   1%E7;#Q973 %*3%9Q " #%=%9#390 ;9 ;7=E%FF3;9 EJ3;  9# 6;# + >CMJ3;9 LAG-?

=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c G3 [=. .B?;.T ITG'.VV '!E $. V?CIB?7.+ [G) &=& 1 H 

H %*

A*  H  H N / JA  HK

J^MX8K

[ '!E $. V..E [=![ [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c G3 [=.  .E;?E. ?V G$[!?E.+ a=.E A 1 H !E+ [=![ G3 [=. ?.V.B .E;?E. a=.E 1 H J?;_T. ^MH\KM

B8B8(

305;,<31 3" ,# ; 1@ 1),1 31 5@<

=. ?E>'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T. +_T?E; 'GC$_V[?GE ?V IBG[[.+ G`.T [=. 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. ?E ?;_T. ^MH:M =. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G % 3GT [=.  .E;?E. ?V B?C?[.+ $c [=. C!b?C_C !BBGa!$B. IT.VV_T. 9+ +_T?E; [=. 'GC$_V[?GE ITG'.VVM E+.T I!T[ BG!+ 'GE+?[?GEV* [=. C!b?C_C IT.VV_T. G3 ! 'c'B. ?V 3!T $.BGa [=?V B?C?[* V?E'. [=.  .E;?E. IGa.T G_[I_[ ?V CG+_B![.+ $c [=TG[[B?E; [=. !?T ?E[!A. [=_V CG+_B![?E; 9 J?;_T. ^MH8KM
BGa 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G % ?V !BVG =.BI3_B [G T.+_'. AEG'A?E; G3 [=. .E;?E. !E+ [G C..[ C![.T?!B +.C!E+VM E 'GE[T!V[ [G  .E;?E.V* [=. C!b?C_C IT.VV_T. 3GT ?.V.B .E;?E.V ?V 'BGV.T V.[ [G [=. C!b?C_C !BBGa!$B. IT.VV_T. 9+ M
V [=. ?.V.B .E;?E. ?V _E[=TG[[B.+ JCG+_B![?GE G3 AK* ?[ '!E !4GT+ =?;=.T 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?GV % 1  E, [=!E [=.  .E;?E. J?;_T. ^MHYKM =. 3G_T>V[TGA. .E;?E. aGTAV ?E[.TC?[[.E[Bc)
=G[ 'GC$_V[?GE 'c'B. ?V !B> a!cV 3GBBGa.+ $c ! 'GGB ;!V .b'=!E;. 'c'B.M E [=. 7TV[ 'c'B.* I.!A [.CI.T![_T.V G3 ^8ee  ^/ee   G''_TM GCI!T.+ [G [=![* [=. C!b?C_C [.CI.T![_T. G3 ;!V [_T$?E.V C_V[ $. A.I[ C_'= BGa.T JH\ee  K* V?E'. [=. 'GC$_V[?GE ITG'.VV ?V 'GE> [?E_G_VM ?.V.B .E;?E.V =!`. ! =?;=.T [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c [=!E  .E;?E.V

^/

C:  
     9,CF75 37J$C

9

"7K5

I9

,C$5F@79,

      92Q639#%E =E%FFME% ;N%E E95F1(J 906% #ME390 ;7MFJ3;9 =E;%FF

![ BGa !E+ C.+?_C IGa.T J?;_T. ^MH\KM
[ [_T$G'=!T;.+ ?.V.B .E;?E.V !BVG 9 ?V CG+_B![.+M E GT+.T [G V[!c $.BGa C!b?C_C [.CI.T![_T.V* [=. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G % ?V T.+_'.+ ![ [_T$G'=!T;.+ ?.V.B .E;?E.VM =. !$VGB_[. .4.'[?`. IGa.T G_[I_[ G3 'GC$_V[?GE .E;?E.V +.I.E+V GE [=. +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C. ! * [=. VI.> '?7' aGTA G_[I_[ I.T IGa.T>V[TGA. K# !E+ [=. E_C$.T G3 'T!EAV=!3[ T.`GB_[?GEV 5) 5 J^MXYK # 1 K #  ! ^ a=.T.) # K# ! 5

?V [=. !$VGB_[. .4.'[?`. IGa.T G_[I_[ ?V [=. VI.'?7' aGTA T.3.TT.+ [G [=. +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C. ! ?V [=. +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C.   , J=.T.* GEBc GE. 'cB?E+.T ?V T.;!T+.+K ?V [=. E_C$.T G3 'T!EAV=!3[ T.`GB_[?GEV I.T C?E_[.

=. 3!'[GT HE^ ?V E.'.VV!Tc ?E +.[.TC?E?E; [=. IGa.T G_[I_[ G3 3G_T>V[TGA. .E;?E.V V?E'. GEBc .`.Tc V.'GE+ 'c'B. 'GE[T?$_[.V IGa.TM =. C.!E I?V[GE `.BG'?[c C+.I.E+V GE [=. E_C$.T G3 'T!EAV=!3[ T.`GB_[?GEV I.T C?E_[. 5 !E+ [=. C!b?C_C I?V[GE V[TGA. ^ @ 3TGC [GI +.!+ [G $G[[GC +.!+ '.E[.TM =. C.!E I?V[GE `.BG'?[c ?V) C- 1 : 5 @ J^MXXK

C:B:

       9 Ye

\S

^F



\ 

3L,3I3 07" J9 1 H @K 07K$@ 9@F 07" J9 1 e;\8 @K

8e

J% 1 HH! / 1 H;\! H, 1 Yee K

:e

\e

^e

He

^S

\ \ :S HS : H   

^ 

9 9

, ++

   ;# %1N3;E ;(  %9039% >;#M6J3;9 ;( & ?" < * ' <S  


[cI?'!B `!B_. ?E '!T .E;?E.V ?V C- 1 H8 3EC ![ C!b?C_C IGa.T G_[I_[M O_!> [?GE ^MXY '!E EGa $. aT?[[.E !V) C# 1 K# ! /@

J^MX/K

B.!V. EG[. [=![ [=. VI.'?7' IGa.T # E! ?V ?E`.TV.Bc ITGIGT[?GE!B [G [=. C!b?> C_C I?V[GE V[TGA. ^ @ J@ ?V [=. 'T!EAV=!3[ T!+?_VKM !$B. ^MH ;?`.V VGC. .b!CIB.V G3 .E;?E. [cI.V !E+ [=.?T '=!T!'[.T?V[?' `!B_.VM [ '!E $. V..E [=![ [=. VI.'?7' IGa.T +.'T.!V.V a?[= ?E'T.!V?E; +?C.EV?GEV @ ![ B!T;. .E;?E.VM =.c !T. C!?EBc _V.+ ?E V=?IV $.'!_V. G3 [=.?T [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'cM =.E V?d. !E+ a.?;=[ !T. C!@GT 'GE'.TEV ![ =?;= IGa.T B.`.BV* ;!V [_T$?E.V !T. IT.3.TT.+ .M;M ?E !?T> 'T!3[M

B8A B8A84


/@ ;1@,D 30C<@,31 1),1 < < C;,1

E [=. ;!V [_T$?E. .E;?E. 3_.B ?V 'GC$_V[.+ ?E ! 'GE[?E_G_V ITG'.VVM =. !?T =!V [G $. 'GCIT.VV.+ $.3GT. ?[ 9GaV ?E[G [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.TM =.T. [=. 3_.B

\e

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   ;# %1N3;E ;( 3%F%6 %9039% >;#M6J3;9 ;( +?" < * ' <S  

?V ?E@.'[.+ !E+ $_TE.+M =. T.V_B[?E; .bI!EV?GE G3 [=. ;!V ?V _V.+ [G [_TE [=. [_T$?E. V=!3[M =.T.3GT.* [=. .4.'[?`. IGa.T ?V [=. IGa.T G3 [=. [_T$?E. C?E_V [=. IGa.T _V.+ 3GT [=. 'GCIT.VVGTM =. ITG'.VV '!E $. CG+.B.+ !V ! <HA42 H0! JGT G_B. ITG'.VVK a=?'= ?V V=GaE ?E ?;_T. ^MHXM =. +?4.T.E[ V[.IV G3 [=. T!c[GE 'c'B.) H  ^ ) V.E[TGI?' 'GCIT.VV?GE* "? 1 e) "?

1 1 1 1

? , "K K ,

"I N "K 1 e e "+ 1 3 2 "H 3 2 JH,  H K

=. A?E.[?' .E.T;c K , ?V ITG`?+.+ $c [=. 'GCIT.VVGTM ^  \ ) VG$!T?' ?EI_[ G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c* "9 1 e) "?

1

"+   "9 1 3 2 "H

?, + "K

1 1

3 2 JH+  H, K 9 " 1 3  "H

K, +

1

3 JH+  H, K

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   =%3, =;O%E ;MJ=MJ ;( NE3;MF ;7MFJ3;9 %9039%F

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   =2#30E7 >6%(J? 9# 12#30E7 >E301J? ;( J1% EQJ;9 Q6%

\  : ) V.E[TGI?' .bI!EV?GE* "? 1 e* ;.E.T![?GE G3 aGTA) ?+ 

1

e

"K K+ 

1 1

"+ 1 3 2 "H 3 2 JH  H+ K

:  H ) VG$!T?' =.![ BGVV* "9 1 e) "?

1

"+   "9 1 3 2 "H

?  "K

1 1

3 2 JH  H K 3  "H 1 e

K 

1

3 JH  H K

=. [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?  !E+ C.'=!E?'!B aGTA K  !T. $G[= E.;![?`. $.> '!_V. G3 H 2 H M

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=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c G3 [=. ;!V [_T$?E. ?V) &=&

1 1 1

?, + N ?  ?, + 3 2 JH+  H, K N 3 2 JH  H K 3 2 JH+  H, K H H  H EH H H+ H  H, EH+


V IG?E[.+ G_[ $.3GT.* [=. ?V.E[TGI?' ITG'.VV ?V '=!T!'[.T?d.+ $c) # ** H H H , 1 1 * 1 H,  % H+ =. T.B![?GEV=?I H EH 1 H, EH+ 3GT [=. ?V.E[TGI?' ITG'.VV !E+ [=. ?E@.'[?GE T![?G A 1 H+ EH, !T. _V.+ [G V?CIB?3c [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c) &=& 1 H 

H H A H,

J^MXFK

=. .5'?.E'c G3 [=. ;!V [_T$?E. +.I.E+V GE [=. [.CI.T![_T. T![?G H EH, M .!> VGE!$Bc =?;= .5'?.E'c B.`.BV '!E GEBc $. T.!'=.+* ?3 [=. [=.TC!B .E.T;c G3 [=. G_[;G?E; !?T ?  ?V _V.+ [G =.![ _I [=. ?E'GC?E; !?T ?E 3TGE[ G3 [=. 'GCIT.VVGT ?, , M ?;_T. ^MH/ V=GaV [=. H>+?!;T!C V_IIGV?E; ! 'GCIB.[. T.'?T'_B![?GE G3 [=.TC!B =.![M
VV_C?E; H, 1 H !E+ H, 1 H * [=. E.'.VV!Tc ?EI_[ G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c 3GT .!'= 'c'B. '!E $. T.+_'.+ [G) ?, + 1 3 2 JH+  H, K 1 3 2 JH+  H K

J^M/eK

!E+ [=. =.![ BGVV ?V !BVG T.+_'.+ [G) ?  1 3 2 JH  H K 1 3 2 JH  H, K

J^M/HK

O_![?GE ^MXF '!E $. CG+?7.+) &=&

1 1

? , + N ?    ? , + H, H  H EH, H H+ H  H EH+

?E!BBc* $c _V?E; [=. V!C. T.B![?GEV=?IV !V $.3GT.* [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c G3 [=. ;!V [_T$?E. a?[= 'GCIB.[. =.![ T.'?T'_B![?GE ?V) &=& 1 H 

H A

J^M/^K

=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c +.I.E+V GEBc GE [=. BG!+ A 1 H+ EH, M =. =?;=.T [=. BG!+ [=. $.[[.T [=. .5'?.E'cM =. C!b?C_C [.CI.T![_T. H+ ?V C!?EBc B?C?[.+ $c [=. C![.T?!B 3TGC a=?'= [=. ;!V [_T$?E. ?V 'GEV[T_'[.+M O_![?GE ^M/^ ?V EG[ `!B?+ 3GT .b[T.C.Bc VC!BB BG!+V !V [=. =.![ T.'?T'_B![?GE +G.V EG[ aGTA ITGI.TBc _E+.T [=.V. 'GE+?[?GEVM =. C!?E !+`!E[!;.V G3 ;!V [_T$?E.V !T. [=. 3GBBGa?E;)

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   12#30E7 ;( J1% ;M6% =E;%FF O3J1 1%J E%3EM6J3;9

 !V [_T$?E.V !T. C_'= VC!BB.T !E+ B?;=[.T 'GCI!T.+ [G 3G_T>V[TGA. I?V[GE .E;?E.V) =. a.?;=[ I.T IGa.T G_[I_[ ?E ;!V [_T$?E.V ?V e;\  e;8 .(E. !E+ 3GT 3G_T>V[TGA. I?V[GE .E;?E.V ?[ ?V H;e  H;8 .(E. M  ?;= [GTO_. '!E $. ;.E.T![.+ .`.E ![ `.Tc BGa T.`GB_[?GEVM  ?4.T.E[ [cI.V G3 3_.B '!E $. _V.+ 3GT 'GC$_V[?GE) C_B[?>3_.B '!I!$?B?[cM  !V [_T$?E.V !T. .!Vc [G V[!T[ .`.E ![ BGa [.CI.T![_T.VM  Ga `?$T![?GEV $.'!_V. G3 ! 'GE[?E_G_V 'GC$_V[?GE !E+ [=. TG[!Tc CG[?GEM  GE; V.T`?'. ?E[.T`!BV $.[a..E T.O_?T.+ C!?E[.E!E'.M  .+_'.+ .C?VV?GEV G3 EGb?G_V .b=!_V[ ;!V.VM  [.V[ T.V_B[V)  1 ^e (*  1 e;/ (*  C 1 ^  \ ( I.T [.V[M

Ga.`.T* [=.T. !T. VGC. +?V!+`!E[!;.V)  Ga .5'?.E'c 3GT BGa BG!+VM  GGT +cE!C?' $.=!`?GT +_T?E; [T!EV?.E[VM !V [_T$?E.V !T. C!?EBc _V.+ ?E !?T IB!E.V $.'!_V. G3 [=.?T BGa a.?;=[M =.?T .5> '?.E'c '!E $. ?E'T.!V.+ $c T!?V?E; [=. C!b?C_C !BBGa!$B. [.CI.T![_T.M .T!C?'V B?A.
0, + GT B!C?E![.+ V?B?'GE>'!T$GE C![.T?!BV !T. _V.+ 3GT [=. 'GEV[T_'[?GE [G

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   %1936 E%=E%F%9JJ3;9 ;( J1% J3E6390 %9039%

!BBGa =?;=.T [.CI.T![_T.VM
E .b!CIB. G3 [.CI.T![_T. `!B_.V 3GT [aG +?4.T.E[ [_T$?E.V [cI.V ?V ;?`.E ?E !$B. ^M^M    %7=%EJME% N6M%F 39

J #3)%E%9J 6;J3;9F ;(  7%J6 9#  %E73 0F JME39%

G'![?GE G3 C.!V_T.C.E[

.[!B ;!V [_T$?E.

.T!C?' ;!V [_T$?E.

GCIT.VVGT ?EB.[

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.![ .b'=!E;.T G_[B.[ J;!VK

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B8A8B

@,;/,1) 1),1

=. [?TB?E; .E;?E. ?V ! I?V[GE .E;?E. a=?'= _V.V ! 'GE[?E_G_V =.![ V_IIBcM [ a!V ?E`.E[.+ $c G$.T[ [?TB?E; ?E H/HYM =. 'c'B. ITG'.VV =!V ! =?;= .5'?.E'c* 'GCI!T!$B. [G [=![ G3 [=. T.3.T.E'. !TEG[ 'c'B.M `.E [=G_;= [=. .E;?E. a!V T.+.V?;E.+ $c =?B?IV GTIGT![?GE J?E HF\/K !E+ T.'.E[Bc $c G[=.T 'GCI!E?.V* VGC. C.'=!E?'!B ITG$B.CV T.C!?E _EVGB`.+M ?;_T. ^MHF V=GaV [=. C.'=!E?'!B T.IT.V.E[![?GE G3 [=. [?TB?E; .E;?E.M [ 'GEV?V[V G3 [=T.. C!?E I!T[V)

 

=.![.T T.;.E.T![GT 'GGB.T

[=. ;!V ?V =.![.+ 3TGC G_[V?+. [=. T.;.E.T![GT V[GT.V [=.TC!B .E.T;c [=. ;!V ?V 'GGB.+ 3TGC G_[V?+.

=. =.![.T* T.;.E.T![GT !E+ 'GGB.T !T. BG'![.+ ?E [=. C?++B.M =. I?V[GEV GE [=. B.3[ !E+ T?;=[ V?+. !T. B?EA.+ C.'=!E?'!BBcM =. 'c'B. 'GEV?V[V G3 [=. 3GBBGa?E; 3G_T V[.IV [=![ '!E $. V..E ?E ?;_T. ^M^e)

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9

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07C$" N0$ 7' K7@.,5( 3$",I3 JN @$($5$@F7@K ?+  JN +$F$@K

?, + : ^

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   =2#30E7 ;( J1% J3E6390 Q6%

H  ^ ) VG[=.TC!B 'GCIT.VV?GE) H 1 H, =. =.![ ?V !$VGT$.+ $c [=. 'GGB.T a=.E [=. [aG I?V[GEV CG`. [G [=. B.3[ [G 'GCIT.VV [=. ;!VM K ,

1

3  H BE

? ,

1

K ,

, 

=. .C?VV?GE G3 =.![ ? , ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. ?EI_[ G3 A?E.[?' .E.T;c K , M ^  \ ) VG'=GT?' ?EI_[ G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c) , 1 + =. [aG I?V[GEV CG`. V?C_B[!E.G_VBc [G [=. B.3[ !E+ [=. ;!V ?V =.![.+ $c [=. T.;.E.T![GTM G[=* IT.VV_T. !E+ [.CI.T![_T. !T. ?E'T.!V.+M ?, + 1 3 A JH+  H, K \  : ) VG[=.TC!B .bI!EV?GE) H+ 1 H =. [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?V V_IIB?.+ $c [=. =.![.T* a=.E [=. I?V[GEV CG`. $!'A [G [=. T?;=[M K+ 

1

3  H+ 05

?+ 

1

K+ 

 +

=. C.'=!E?'!B aGTA K+  ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?+  M

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   1% (;ME FJ%=F ;( J1% J3E6390 Q6%

:  H ) VG'=GT?' =.![ T.;.E.T![?GE)  1 
V [=. I?V[GEV CG`. V?C_B[!E.G_VBc [G [=. T?;=[* [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?V V[GT.+ ?E [=. T.;.E.T![GTM =. IT.VV_T. !V a.BB !V [=. [.CI.T![_T. +TGI [G BGa.T B.`.BVM ?  1 3 A JH  H K c .bIBG?[?E; [=. 3!'[ [=![ H 1 H, !E+ H+ 1 H 3GT [=. ?VG[=.TC?' ITG'.VV.V* !E+  1  !E+ , 1 + 3GT [=. ?VG'=GT?' ITG'.VV.V* [=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c G3 [=. [?TB?E; .E;?E. ?V) ?  , N ?+  H 1H J^M/\K &=& 1 ?+  H+

.E'.* [=. .5'?.E'c +.I.E+V GEBc GE [=. [.CI.T![_T. T![?G H EH+ M GT .b!CIB.* ! [.CI.T![_T. T![?G G3 /e  EYee   T.V_B[V ?E ! [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c G3) &=& 1 e;/X

J^M/:K

a=?'= ?V `.Tc 'BGV. [G [=. .5'?.E'c G3 [=. !TEG[ 'c'B.M =. C!?E !+`!E[!;.V G3 [=. [?TB?E; .E;?E. !T.)  E;?E. ?V ?E+.I.E+.E[ G3 [=. =.![ VG_T'.M EV[.!+ G3 'GC$_V[?E; 3GVV?B 3_.BV* !B[.TE![. =.![ VG_T'.V V_'= !V VGB!T =.![ 'G_B+ $. .CIBGc.+M  ?;= J[=.GT.[?'!BK .5'?.E'cM  .Tc O_?.[M  .+_'.+ .C?VV?GE G3 EGb?G_V .b=!_V[ ;!V.VM  [.V[ T.V_B[V)  1 :  Y (*  1 e;8  ^ (*  C 1 e;Y  ^;e ( I.T [.V[M E [=. G[=.T =!E+* [=.T. !T. VGC. +?V!+`!E[!;.V)  bI.EV?`. [G 'GEV[T_'[M  .;.E.T![GT) 'GE+_'[?GE !E+ V[GT!;. G3 =.![ !T. +?5'_B[ [G 'GC$?E.M

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   J%7 %9039%

 .![ T.V?V[!E[ C![.T?!BV E..+.+M 
=.![ .b'=!E;.T 3GT [=. 'GGB.T ?V E..+.+ [G ?E'T.!V. [=. .5'?.E'cM [ ?E'T.!V.V =Ga.`.T `GB_C. !E+ 'GV[VM bI.T?C.E[!B [?TB?E; .E;?E.V a?[= [.CI.T![_T.V G3 :e  /e  EYee  Y8e   '!E T.!'= !E .4.'[?`. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c G3 &#$ $ 1 e;\8  e;:e

J^M/8K

a=?'= ?V C_'= BGa.T [=!E [=. [=.GT.[?'!B `!B_. JO_![?GE ^M/:KM

B8A8A

@ 0 1),1

=. V[.!C .E;?E. ?E[TG+_'.+ $c !C.V ![[ ?V [=. GB+.V[ .E;?E. _V?E; 'GE[?E_G_V 'GC$_V[?GEM =. V[.!C ?V [T!EV3.TT.+ 3TGC [=. $G?B.T [G [=. 'cB?E+.TM =. I?V[GE ?V CG`.+ $c [=. .bI!E+?E; V[.!CM =. B?E.!T CG`.C.E[ G3 [=. I?V[GE ?V [T!EVB![.+ ?E[G ! TG[![?GE G3 [=. 'T!EAV=!3[ $c [=. 'GEE.'[?E; TG+M =. +?4.T.E[ V[.IV !T. ?BB_V[T![.+ ?E ?;_T. ^M^^ !E+ ?;_T. ^M^\M =. +?4.T.E[ V[.IV G3 [=. V[.!C .E;?E. 'c'B. !T.) H  ^ ) VG'=GT?' 'GCIT.VV?GE* 3GBBGa.+ $c !E ?VG[=.TC!B .bI!EV?GE) =?V ITG'.VV '!E $. +?`?+.+ ?E[G [aG I!T[V) ?TV[* =G[ V[.!C ?V ?E@.'[.+ ?E[G [=. 'cB?E+.T [=TG_;= [=. GI.E `!B`. ![ 'GEV[!E[ `GB_C. JH  H K a=.T.  1  M .'GE+* [=. ;!V .bI!E+V ![ ! 'GEV[!E[ [.CI.T![_T. JH  ^K a=.T. H 1 H, ) K   ? 

1 1

K  ,

1

?  ,

1

e 3 A JH  H K 1 3 A JH,  H K , , 1 3  H, BE 3  H BE    K  ,

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   =2#30E7 ;( J1% FJ%7 %9039%

^  \ ) V.E[TGI?' .bI!EV?GE)
3[.T [=. `!B`. ?V 'BGV.+* [=. .bI!EV?GE ?V 'GE[?E_.+ _E[?B [=. C!b?C_C `GB_C. ?V T.!'=.+M ?, + K, +

1 1

e 3 A JH,  H+ K

\  : ) VG'=GT?' =.![ T.;.E.T![?GE !E+ ?VG[=.TC!B 'GCIT.VV?GE) =?V ITG'.VV '!E $. +?`?+.+ ?E[G [aG V[.IV) =. IT.VV_T. +TGIV ![ 'GEV[!E[ `GB_C. !3[.T [=. `!B`. ?V GI.E.+ ![ \  \ a=.T. + 1 + M .'GE+* [=. V[.!C ?V 'GCIT.VV.+ ?VG[=.TC!BBc ![ \  : a=.T. H+ 1 H M K+ + ?+ +

1 1

K + 

1

? + 

1

e 3 A JH+  H+ K 1 3 A JH  H+ K   1 3  H BE 3  H+ BE  + + K + 

:  H ) V.E[TGI?' 'GCIT.VV?GE)
3[.T [=. `!B`. ?V 'BGV.+* [=. ;!V ?V 'GCIT.VV.+ C.'=!E?'!BBc) ?  K 

1 1

e 3 A JH  H K

=. C.'=!E?'!B aGTA K  ?V E.;![?`.M

C:B:

      

\F

=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c G3 [=. V[.!C .E;?E. ?V .bIT.VV.+ $c) &=&

1 1

K  , N K , + N K +  N K   ?    N ?  , H+  H N J/  HKH BEJ+ E K H H,  H N J/  HKH, BEJ, E K

c ?EV.T[?E; [=. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G % 1 + E * [=. I!T[?!B 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G A 1 , E 1 + E !E+ [=. IT.VV_T. T![?G 1 9 E9 * [=?V B.!+V [G) &=&

1

H

A* J/  HKJH N BE AK %* J  HK N J/  HK BE A H


E .b!CIB. ?V ;?`.E 3GT A 1 ^ !E+ &=&

J^M/YK

1 He) 1

H

H;eY8 %*

J^M/XK

a=?'= ?V &=& 1 e;\H 3GT ! / 1 H;: !E+ % 1 \M
+`!E[!;.V G3 [=. V[.!C .E;?E.)  E;?E. ?V ?E+.I.E+.E[ G3 [=. =.![ VG_T'.) C_B[?>3_.B '!I!$?B?[cM  Gb?G_V .b=!_V[ .C?VV?GEV !T. BGa $.'!_V. G3 'GE[?E_G_V 'GC$_V[?GEM  ?;= [GTO_. ![ BGa T.`GB_[?GEVM ?V!+`!E[!;.V G3 [=. V[.!C .E;?E.)  .!`c a.?;=[M  GGT [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'cM  =. a![.T ?E [=. $G?B.T E..+V [G $. =.![.+ $.3GT. [=. .E;?E. '!E $. V[!T[.+M

B8A8(

3@ 1@,/ 3" ,# ; 1@ C /< 1 ;35C/<,31 G<@ 0<

!$B. ^M\ ?BB_V[T![.V [=![ ! 'GEV[!E[ !CG_E[ G3 V[GT.+ .E.T;c `!T?.V 'GEV?+.T!$Bc ?E ?[V `GB_C. !E+ a.?;=[M [!E+!T+ / @@;,= !T. C_'= [GG =.!`cM [=.T [cI.V G3 $![[.T?.V !T. B?;=[.T* $_[ [=.c !T. V[?BB EG[ 'GCI!T!$B. [G [=. a.?;=[ G3 GT+?E!Tc 3_.BM Ga.T ?V +?VV?I![.+ ?E [=. '=!T;?E; !E+ +?V'=!T;?E; ITG'.VV.V G3 [=. $![[.Tc* T.+_'?E; [=. G`.T!BB .5'?.E'cM `.E[_!BBc* $![[.Tc +T?`.E `.=?'B.V a?[= ! T.+_'.+ $_4.T V?d. C!c $. _V.+ ?E VI.'?!B !IIB?'![?GEV ![ V=GT[ +?V[!E'.VM
EG[=.T ITGC?V?E; !IITG!'= ?V [=![ G3 =c$T?+ `.=?'B.V* a=.T. !E ?E[.TE!B 'GC> $_V[?GE .E;?E. ?V 'GC$?E.+ a?[= !E .B.'[T?'!B CG[GTM =. .B.'[T?'!B CG[GT C!c $. !'[?`![.+ [G VCGG[= G_[ [T!EV?.E[V G3 [=. 'GC$_V[?GE .E;?E. !E+ [=. +T?`.> B?E.* 'GE[T?$_[?E; [G T.+_'.+ EGb?G_V .C?VV?GEVM E+.T I!T[?!B BG!+ 'GE+?[?GEV [=. 'GC$_V[?GE .E;?E. '!E !BVG '=!T;. [=. $![[.Tc* VG [=![ $![[.Tc `GB_C. !E+ a.?;=[ !T. V?;E?7'!E[Bc T.+_'.+M G;3(1 , ;!V ?V [GG `GB_C?EG_V [G $. _V.+ !V !+.O_![. .E.T;c VG_T'.M [ '!E $. V[GT.+ .?[=.T ![ !E .b[T.C.Bc 'GB+ [.CI.T!> [_T. G3 ^e  GT ![ T.B![?`.Bc =?;= IT.VV_T. ![ TGGC [.CI.T![_T.M `.T BGE; [?C.

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 $5(,5$

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   9%E0Q #%79# ;( #3)%E%9J %9039% ;9%=JF G/

I.T?G+V* , B.!AV [=TG_;= .`.E [=?'A a!BB.+ V[..B [!EAVM E =c+T?+. $_4.TV* , ?V '=.C?'!BBc $G_E+M ?E'. =c+TG;.E $_TEV ![ =?;= 'GC$_V[?GE [.CI.T![_T.V* .C?VV?GEV G3 E?[TG;.E Gb?+. J C K $.'GC. ! ITG$B.CM C/ //= ITG+_'. .B.'[T?'!B .E.T;c +?T.'[Bc ![ BGa [.CI.T![_T.VM =.TC!B .5'?.E'?.V G3 Xe L !T. T.!'=.+ 3GT [=. VcE[=.V?V G3 , !E+ , M =. V[GT!;. G3 =c+TG;.E ?V !;!?E [=. ITG$B.CM 3 , C_V[ $. =Ga.`.T ;.E.T![.+ 3TGC E![_T!B ;!V GT 3TGC C.[=!EGB* .5'?.E'?.V $.'GC. C_'= BGa.TM =. [!VA ?V [G ;.E.T![. [=. .b!'[ !CG_E[ G3 =c+TG;.E 3TGC .M;M C.[=!EGB .`.E _E+.T T.!B[?C. [T!EV?.E[ .E;?E. 'GE+?[?GEVM GT [=?V [=. 3_.B 'GE`.TV?GE ITG'.VV '!E $. CG+.B.+* !E+ [=. !'[_!B C!VV.V T.!'[?E; ?E [=. 'GE`.TV?GE ITG'.VV $. .V[?C![.+ ?E T.!B[?C.* !V !

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$!V?V 3GT V[![. VI!'. 'GE[TGBM C/ //= !II.!T [G $. ! ITGC?V?E; !B[.TE![?`. [G 'GC$_V[?GE .E;?E.VM E ?;_T. ^M^:* [=. T.B![?`. .E.T;c T.O_?T.C.E[V [G CG`. ! `.=?'B. $c Hee .3 !T. V=GaE 3GT +?4.T.E[ ITGI_BV?GE VcV[.CVM

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G_T>V[TGA. .E;?E.V !T. '=!T!'[.T?d.+ $c [aG !B[.TE![. 'c'B.V) E [=. 7TV[ 'c'B.* .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. 7TV[ !E+ V.'GE+ V[TGA.V* [=. ;!V ?V 'GCIT.VV.+* 'GC$_V[.+ !E+ .bI!E+.+M E [=. V.'GE+ 'c'B.* .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. [=?T+ !E+ 3G_T[= V[TGA.V* [=. ;!V ?V [T!EV3.TT.+ [G [=. .b=!_V[ I?I. !E+ [=. 'cB?E+.T ?V 7BB.+ a?[= 3T.V= !?T 3TGC [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+M ?;_T. \MH V=GaV [=. [aG 'c'B.VM =. 'T!EAV=!3[ ?V [_TE.+ \Ye I.T 'c'B.M  !E+ +?.V.B .E;?E.V !T. 'GE[TGBB.+ +?4.T.E[Bc) E +?.V.B .E;?E.V* 3_.B ?V +?T.'[Bc ?E@.'[.+ ?E[G [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.TM =. !CG_E[ G3 ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B I.T V[TGA. ?V [=.E ITGIGT[?GE!B [G .E;?E. [GTO_.M =. !CG_E[ G3 !?T ?V !BCGV[ 'GEV[!E[ ![ ! ;?`.E VI..+M E  .E;?E.V* [=. !CG_E[ G3 3_.B !V a.BB !V !?T ?V 'GE[TGBB.+M =.E [=. 3_.B ?V ?E@.'[.+ ?E[G [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+* ! =GCG;.E.G_V !?T>3_.B C?b[_T. ?V V_'A.+ ?E[G [=. 'cB?E+.TVM =. C.'=!E?'!B aGTA ;.E.T![.+ ?E [=. 'GC$_V[?GE 'c'B. '!E $. G$[!?E.+ $c ?E[.;T![?GE ?E [=. 9 >+?!;T!CM =. C.'=!E?'!B aGTA '!E $. EGTC!B?d.+ a=.E T.B![?E; ?[ [G [=. +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C. ! )   ' H 5 9( J( K  91 "( ! J\MHK K' 1 ! ( a=.T.) ! 1   J  , K  K'

?V [=. +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C. G3 !BB 'cB?E+.TV ?V [=. E_C$.T G3 'cB?E+.TV ?V [=. JEGTC!B?d.+K -2 -A! =6!-& F4
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=. `!B_. G3 K' '!E $. +.[.TC?E.+ $c C.!V_T?E; [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T. +_T?E; ! 'c'B.M
E ?E+?'![.+ VI.'?7' aGTA G3 H E3+ ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G ! C.!E IT.VV_T. G3 9D 1 He @ J1 He)  KM =. [T!EV3.T G3 [=. 'GC$_V[?GE [GTO_. [G [=. .E;?E. [GTO_. !`!?B!$B. ![ [=. 'T!EAV=!3[ '!E $. '!B'_B![.+ 3TGC [=. 3GBBGa?E; CG[?GE .O_![?GEVM =. I?V[GE V[TGA. 3TGC GI .!+ .E[.T JK ?V CJ K 1 0JH  'GV K N @JH  'GV  K

;

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[ GI .!+ .E[.T* a. =!`.  1 e* CJ K 1 e* !E+ ![ G[[GC .!+ .E[.T  1 =* CJ K 1 ^@ T.VI.'[?`.BcM =. +.T?`![?`.V G3 [=. I?V[GE V[TGA. !T. & "C @ V?E  'GV  + 1 @ $V?E  N  . J\M:K  " 0 H  9 V?E,  +



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=.V. +.T?`![?`.V a?[= T.VI.'[ [G 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. '!E $. T.B![.+ [G [=. +.T?`!> [?`.V a?[= T.VI.'[ [G [?C. !V 3GBBGaV) C-

1

C, 1 1

"C "C " "C 1 1   -  "F " "F " # * # * " "C " " " ",  ", C "C "C 1 N  1   , "F "F " "F "F " "F " "F, "C ", C ,  -  N  ,  J\MYK , " "

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1 1

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  5 

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2

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 5 (

J9( J K  91 K
2

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;

=. I?V[GE V[TGA.V ?E +?4.T.E[ 'cB?E+.TV !T. V=?3[.+ $c I=!V.M * # := C( J K 1 C   J-  HK  ! - 1 H! ;;;!  

J\M/K

J\MFK

:Y

B:  

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K' &2

K' +2 07K 9@$CCI@$ K7@. K' ,5",F$" K7@. K$ 9 ' @,F,750 K7@. K# $' ' $F,J$ K7@.    1% %)%J3N% O;E5 #%63N%E%# Q J1% %9039% 3F 7M1 6;O%E J19 J1% J1%E76 %9%E0Q MF%# Q ;7MFJ3;9A

=. !`.T!;. 'GC$_V[?GE [GTO_. ?V D0-

1 1

 H 0- J K" := ' ! - 

J\MHeK

a=.T. ' ?V [=. C.!E ?E+?'![.+ IGa.TM =. [G[!B ?E+?'![.+ aGTA K' ! '!E EGa $. aT?[[.E ![ V[![?GE!Tc .E;?E. GI.T![?GE !V ^' ' :=' 1 1 K' ! 1 := D0- 1 := -  ^=5 5

!

!E+ [=. EGTC!B?d.+ aGTA

^' ! J\MHHK ! 5 a=.T. 5 1 -  EJ^=K ?V [=. .E;?E. VI..+M E T.!B?[c* [=. .4.'[?`. aGTA K# I.T `GB_C. ?V C_'= BGa.T [=!E [=. ?E+?'![.+ aGTA K' JV.. ?;_T. \M\KM =. .4.'[?`. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c &# ?V ![ 'GEV[!E[ 3_.B 9Ga K' 1

&# 1

K# K# ! 5 ^ ! # 1 1   3 - $ $ ^3$ 5 $  3$ $ 

;

J\MH^K

a=.T.) # K# 3$ 3 -$ $ !

?V [=. .4.'[?`. IGa.T ?E  ?V [=. .4.'[?`. VI.'?7' aGTA I.T 'c'B. ?E E3+ ?V [=. C!VV G3 3_.B C.!V_T.+ I.T 'cB?E+.T ?E .( ?V [=. 3_.B 9Ga ?E .(EC ?V [=. VI.'?7' .E.T;c G3 [=. 3_.B T.B.!V.+ ?E [=. 'GC$_V[?GE E.( ?V [=. [G[!B +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C. ?E "3+ J! Z +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C. I.T 'cB?E+.TK

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K' !  ^3$ $ 

J\MH\K

GC. .b!CIB.V G3 [cI?'!B `!B_.V 3GT [=. ?E+?'![.+ .5'?.E'c !T. ;?`.E ?E !$B. \MHM    9#3J%# F=%3, O;E5 4 " J1%;E%J36 1%J 6;FF )" " 9# E%63FJ3 1%J 6;FF ) (;E #3)%E%9J %9039% JQ=%F" E%6J%# J; (M%6 ;7MFJ3;9 1%JA

A848B

E;?E. cI.



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K'

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,;+C / @,3

=. T![?G G3 !?T [G 3_.B ?V `.Tc ?CIGT[!E[ 3GT [=. 'GC$_V[?GE ITG'.VV G3 ?E[.T> E!B 'GC$_V[?GE .E;?E.VM =.T. !T. V.`.T!B .4.'[V [=![ =!`. !E ?CI!'[ GE [=. !CG_E[ G3 !?T 3 [T!EV3.TT.+ [G [=. 'cB?E+.T) =TG[[B?E; G3 [=. !?T 9Ga $c [=. [=TG[[B. $_[[.T9c* !.TG+cE!C?' T.V?V[!E'. !E+ T.VGE!E'.V ?E [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+* T.$G_E+?E; G3 !BT.!+c $_TE.+ ;!V.V 3TGC [=. 'cB?E+.T ?E[G [=. ?EB.[ I?I.V !E+ G[=.T .4.'[VM =. !CG_E[ G3 !?T a=?'= aG_B+ [=.GT.[?'!BBc 7[ ?E[G ! +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C. ! _E+.T [=. EGTC!B?d.+ IT.VV_T. 91 1 H;eH\ @ !E+ [=. EGTC!B?d.+ !?T +.EV?[c A1 1 H;^F .(E3+ ?V .bIT.VV.+ $c 3 =& 1 A1 ! M =. T![?G G3 T.!B [G [=.GT.[?'!B `!B_. ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. T.B![?`. !?T V_IIBc) 1 1

3 3 =&

J\MH:K

?C?B!TBc* [=. T![?G G3 C.!V_T.+ 3_.B C!VV 3$ [G [=.GT.[?'!B 3_.B C!VV 3$ =& ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. T.B![?`. 3_.B V_IIBc) 1$ 1

3$ 3$ =&

J\MH8K

=. [=.GT.[?'!B 3_.B C!VV 3$ =& ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. C!VV G3 3_.B E..+.+ 3GT !E ?+.!B V[G?'=?GC.[T?' 'GC$_V[?GE a?[= [=. Gbc;.EM E+.T EGTC!B 'GE+?[?GEV [=. V[G?'=?GC.[T?' T![?G 3GT ;!VGB?E. ?V) ;= 1

3 =& 1 H:;YY 3$ =&

J\MHYK

=. !?T>3_.B T![?G B!C$+! ?V +.7E.+ !V) 11

1 1$

J\MHXK

:/

B:  

   

[ '!E $. .b[.E+.+) 11

H 3 3 3$ =& 1  3$ 3 =& ;= 3$

J\MH/K

GT !E ?+.!B V[G?'=?GC.[T?' 'GC$_V[?GE* [=?V T![?G ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G GE.) 1 1 HM =. !?T>3_.B T![?G =!V !E ?CI!'[ GE [=. .4.'[?`. aGTA K# !E+ [=. .4.'[?`. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c &# M =. !?T>3_.B T![?G '!E $. ?E9_.E'.+ ?E [aG +?4.T.E[ a!cV* $c `!T?![?GE G3 1 GT G3 1$ ) HM <-A-42 4# 1$ A  *-E!2 1  cI?'!B !IIB?'![?GEV !T.  .E;?E.V GI.T![?E; !TG_E+ ! V[G?'=?GC.[T?' !?T> 3_.B T![?GM =. T.B![?`. !?T V_IIBc 1 ?V +.[.TC?E.+ $c [=. +T?`.TM !2 46!<A-42 71 * H8 .VV 3_.B ?V ?E@.'[.+ [=!E E..+.+ 3GT V[G?'=?G> C.[T?' 'GC$_V[?GE JT.+_'.+ 1$ KM _. [G ! T.+_'.+ =?;= IT.VV_T. aGTA K' &2 [=. .4.'[?`. aGTA K' &2 +.'T.!V.VM E [=. T!E;. G3 H 2 1 2 H;H* [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c &# ?E'T.!V.V =Ga.`.T* '!_V.+ $c =?;=.T 'GC$_V[?GE I.!A [.CI.T![_T.VM =?V T.V_B[V ?E =?;= .C?VV?GEV G3 E?> [TG;.E Gb?+.V  C M 3 1 ?V 3_T[=.T ?E'T.!V.+* &# a?BB +.'T.!V. $.'!_V. G3 !E .`.E BGa.T =?;= IT.VV_T. aGTA K' &2 ![ ! ;?`.E BGa IT.VV_T. aGTA K' +2 M -+ 46!<A-42 71 2 H8 GT. 3_.B ?V ?E@.'[.+ [=!E E..+.+ 3GT V[G?'=?G> C.[T?' 'GC$_V[?GE J=?;=.T 1$ KM =. 3_.B V_TIB_V ?E'T.!V.V $G[= =?;= IT.VV_T. aGTA K' &2 !E+ .4.'[?`. aGTA K# M .BGa 1 2 e;F ?E'GC> IB.[. 'GC$_V[?GE T.V_B[V ?E =?;= .C?VV?GEV G3 =c+TG'!T$GE  ?E [=. .b=!_V[ ;!V.V !E+ ?E ! +.'T.!V?E; .4.'[?`. aGTA K# M
[ 1 2 H [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c &# ?V !Ba!cV +.'T.!V.+M ^M <-A-42 4# 1 A  *-E!2 1$  cI?'!B !IIB?'![?GEV !T. B.!E>$_TE >.E;?E.V ![ I!T[ BG!+ !E+ ?.V.B .E> ;?E.VM =. T.B![?`. 3_.B V_IIBc 1$ ?V +.[.TC?E.+ $c [=. +T?`.TM !2 46!<A-42 71 * H8 GT. !?T ?V !+C?[[.+ [=!E E..+.+ 3GT V[G?'=?G> C.[T?' 'GC$_V[?GE J?E'T.!V.+ 1 KM =.T.3GT.* =?;= IT.VV_T. aGTA K' &2 ?V ?E'T.!V.+ a=?B. BGa IT.VV_T. aGTA K' +2 T.C!?EV 'GEV[!E[M G[= .4.'> [?`. aGTA K# !E+ [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c &# !T. ?E'T.!V.+M [ V=G_B+ $. C.E[?GE.+ [=![ B.!E ;!V C?b[_T.V !T. B.VV 9!CC!$B.M E >.E;?E.V +.B!cV $.[a..E VI!TA ?;E?[?GE !E+ 'GCIB.[. 'GC$_V[?GE ?E'T.!V.M ?V7T?E; ![  .E;?E.V C_V[ $. !`G?+.+ $c .M;M +?T.'[ ?E@.'[?GE G3 ! 3_.B V[T![?7.+ '=!T;. ?E[G [=. 'cB?E+.T* a=?'= 3GTCV !E .ET?'=.+ C?b[_T. !TG_E+ [=. VI!TA IB_;M =?V GI.T![?GE ?V O_?[. V?C?B!T [G [=![ G3 ?.V.B .E;?E.VM GC$_V[?GE ?V .?[=.T [T?;;.T.+ $c ! VI!TA GT $c V.B3>?E9!CC![?GE +_. [G =?;= 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?GVM =. .E;?E. '!E GEBc GI.T![. _I [G ?[V C!b?C_C ;!V BG!+ JC!b?C_C 1 KM _. [G B.!E GI.T![?GE ?[V C!b?C_C IGa.T !''GT+?E; [G [=. +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C. ?V* =Ga.`.T* EG[ T.!'=.+M -+ 46!<A-42 71 2 H8 .VV !?T ?V !+C?[[.+ [=!E E..+.+ 3GT V[G?'=?G> C.[T?' 'GC$_V[?GE J+.'T.!V.+ 1 KM =?V B.!+V [G ! +.'T.!V. ?E $G[=

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  JHK J^K J\K J:K

:F

 $5(,5$C F 3L,3I3 97K$@ 7IF9IF F7+,73$F@,  $5(,5$C ,$C$0 5" 0$5  I@5 $5(,5$C

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7TV[ VC!BB !CG_E[ G3 3_.B V[!T[V [=. 'GC$_V[?GE ITG'.VV CGT. VCGG[=BcM =. V.'GE+ C!?E ?E@.'[?GE [=.E T.V_B[V ?E BGa.T I.!A IT.VV_T.V !E+ [.CI.T![_T.V* c?.B+?E; BGa.T  C .C?VV?GEV !E+ B.VV 'GC$_V[?GE EG?V.M
E ?E@.'[?GE ![ [=. .E+ G3 [=. 'GC$_V[?GE 'c'B. =.![V _I [=. .b=!_V[ I?I. !E+ .b=!_V[ ;!V [T.![C.E[ VcV[.CV V_'= !V ! VGG[ 7B[.TM =.E ?.V.B .E;?E.V !T. GI.T![.+ a?[= `.Tc =?;= .b=!_V[ ;!V T.'?T'_B![?GE T![.V* [=.E [=.c ;.E.T![. 3.a EGb?G_V T!a .C?VV?GEV %^/&M !2,D<2  !2*-2!= !T. ! 'GCITGC?V. $.[a..E +?.V.B !E+ V[G?'=?GC.[T?'  .E;?E.VM T?`?E; ![ I!T[ BG!+* [=. !?T>3_.B T![?G ?V `.Tc B.!EM c ITGI.TBc +.> V?;E?E; ?E@.'[?GE IT.VV_T.* VIT!c 'GE. !E+ !?T [_T$_B.E'.* !E .ET?'=.+ V[T![?7.+ '=!T;. ?V !VV.C$B.+ !TG_E+ [=. VI!TA IB_;M =. T.V_B[?E; 'GC$_V[?GE ?V .O_?`> !B.E[ [G [=![ G3 ?.V.B .E;?E.V J?E=GCG;.E.G_V C?b[_T.* c.BBGa 9!C.KM Ga.T EGb?G_V .C?VV?GEV '!E $. !'=?.`.+ $c V.I!T![?E; ?E[G .M;M [aG ?E@.'[?GEVM ?TV[* !$G_[ HE: G3 !BB 3_.B ?V ?E@.'[.+* a=?'= 3GTCV ! B.!E =GCG;.E.G_V C?b[_T. ?E [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.TM =?V B.!E C?b[_T. ?V !BVG B.VV V.EV?[?`. [G AEG'A?E;M .'> GE+* \E: G3 3_.B ?V ?E@.'[.+ !V ! V[T![?7.+ '=!T;.M
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BCGV[ EG VGG[ J'!T$GE I!T[?'_B![.VK ?V ITG+_'.+M  [T![?7.+ '=!T;.* B.!E !?T>3_.B T![?G) =. 9!C. =!V ! '=!T!'[.T?V[?' c.BBGa 'GBGTM GG[ ?V ITG+_'.+M  E9!CC![?GE V[!T[V 'GC$_V[?GE 3TGC GE. BG'![?GEM =. ?E9!CC![?GE ITG'.VV +.I.E+V GE IT.VV_T. 9* [.CI.T![_T. H* !?T>3_.B T![?G 1 !E+ !'[?`![?GE .E.T;c  G3 [=. 3_.BM GT 1 2 H [=. .b=!_V[ ;!V.V !T. ;.E.T![.+

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[ =?;= .E> ;?E. BG!+V* ! ;GG+ 'GCITGC?V. $.[a..E IGa.T G_[I_[ !E+ .b=!_V[ .C?VV?GEV ?V !'=?.`.+M 14 !<A!0H 0!2 1-GAD$_TE .E;?E.V ![ I!T[ BG!+V !E+ ?E ?.V.B .E;?E.VM !b?C_C .E;?E. IGa.T G_[I_[ '!EEG[ $. T.!'=.+M =. T.3.T.E'. [GTO_. +.V?T.+ $c [=. +T?`.T 'GE[TGBV .?[=.T [=. T.B![?`. !?T V_IIBc 1 `?! [=. [=TG[[B. !E;B. = ![  .E;?E.V GT [=. T.B![?`. 3_.B V_IIBc 1$ ![ ?.V.B .E;?E.VM =. !CG_E[ G3 3_.B $.?E; C?b.+ a?[= [=. !?T ?V T.;_B![.+ $c [=. 3_.B 'GE[TGB VcV[.C [G G$[!?E ! IT.+.7E.+ !?T>3_.B T![?G 1M =.T. !T. [aG +?4.T.E[ ?E@.'[?GE VcV[.CV)

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++?[?GE!BBc* [=. +?V[T?$_[?GE G3 !?T 9Ga ?E[G [=. +?4.T.E[ ?EB.[ I?I.V C!c `!TcM =. !CG_E[ G3 ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B ?V B.VV !''_T![. ![ ?+B?E; $.'!_V. .B.'[TGC!;E.[?' ?E@.'[?GE `!B`.V !T. [?C. 'GE[TGBB.+) TTGTV +_. [G +?4.T.E[ T?V. !E+ 3!BB [?C.V =!`. ! B!T;.T ?CI!'[ GE [=. !CG_E[ G3 3_.B ?E@.'[.+ ![ VC!BB ?E@.'[?GE [?C.VM =. !+`!E[!;. G3 C!E?3GB+ ?E@.'[?GE ?V [=. 'T.![?GE G3 ! =GCG;.E.G_V 3_.B +?V[T?$_[?GE ?E [=. 'cB?E+.T ![ 1 1 HM =?V $_TEV a?[= ! $B_. 9!C.M =.T. !T. 3.a T.V[T?'[?GEV 3GT [=. +.V?;E G3 [=. ?EB.[ I?I.VM =. .b'=!E;. G3 ;!V '!E $. GI[?C?d.+ a?[=G_[ C!@GT .4.'[V GE [=. ?E@.'[?GE VcV[.C !V ?[ ?V BG'![.+ ![ [=. ?EB.[ `!B`.VM =. ?EB.[ I?I.V !T. +.V?;E.+ [G ITG+_'. !'G_V[?' T.VGE!E'.V ![ BGa .E;?E. VI..+M =?V ?E'T.!V.V [=. T.B![?`. !?T V_IIBc 1 !E+ [=. .4.'[?`. aGTA K# !BT.!+c a?[=G_[ [_T$G '=!T;?E;M =. ?EB.[ `!B`.V !T. 'GGB.+ $c [=. .`!IGT![?E; 3_.BM =. T.+_'.+ ;!V [.CI.T![_T. BGa.TV AEG'A?E; !E+ !BBGaV =?;=.T 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?GV [G ?E'T.!V. .5'?.E'cM =. ?E@.'[?GE [?C?E; ?V I=!V.>V=?3[.+ 3GT .!'= 'cB?E+.TM [ ?V !?C.+ [G [.TC?E![. [=. ?E@.'[?GE @_V[ $.3GT. [=. ?EB.[ `!B`. ?V GI.E.+ [G !`G?+ [=. .C?VV?GE G3 VGG[M =. ?E@.'[?GE '!E $. 'GE[TGBB.+ ?E+?`?+_!BBc !E+ 3_.B V_IIBc '!E $. ?E+?`?+_!BBc '_[ G4 3GT .!'= 'cB?E+.T) B?C?[![?GE G3 .E;?E. VI..+ !E+ `.=?'B. VI..+* 3_.B '_[>G4 ![ 'G!V[?E; GT 'cB?E+.T Va?['=>G4 ![ C_B[?>'cB?E+.T .E;?E.VM ^M 2,H0-2 !< -2.!A-42 =. 3_.B ?V ?E@.'[.+ +?T.'[Bc ?E[G [=. 'cB?E+.TVM
[ V[G?'=?GC.[T?' GI.T![?GE* ! =?;=.T 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?GE '!E $. T.!B?d.+ .M;M H^ ; ; ; H\* +_. [G [=. 'GGB?E; .4.'[ G3 [=. .`!IGT![?E; 3_.BM
[ B.!E GI.T![?GE* [=. !?C ?V [G !VV.C$B. ! V_5'?.E[Bc T?'= C?b[_T. J.M;M V[G?'=?GC.[T?'K ?E ! B?C?[.+ IGT[?GE G3 [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T* .M;M ![  .E;?E.V !TG_E+ [=. VI!TA IB_; ![ [=. [?C. G3 ?;E?[?GEM =. !CG_E[ G3 3_.B* [=. ?E@.'[?GE IT.VV_T. J[=_V 3_.B ![GC?d![?GEK* [=. ?E@.'[GT VIT!c !E;B. Ja?+[= !E+ +.I[= G3 ?E@.'[?GEK !E+ [=. ?E@.'[?GE [?C?E; !T. !+@_V[.+ ?E .!'= .E;?E. GI.T![?GE IG?E[M =. Va?TB ?V 'GE[TGBB.+ $c VI.'?!B ;.GC.[Tc G3 [=. I?V[GE =.!+M
[ I!T[ BG!+* [=. !?C ?V [G $_TE `.Tc B.!E !?T>3_.B C?b[_T.VM =?V '!E $. +GE. $c C_B[?IB. ?E@.'[?GEM c !E .!TBc ?E@.'[?GE* ! =GCG;.E.G_V B.!E C?b> [_T. ?V +.`.BGI?E; [=TG_;=G_[ [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T _E[?B [=. [?C. G3 ?;E?[?GE* +_. [G [=. Va?TBM =. 3GBBGa>_I ?E@.'[?GE 'T.![.V [=. T?'=.T V[T![> ?7.+ '=!T;.* a=?'= ?V $_TE?E; 3!V[ a?[= T.+_'.+ 'c'B.>[G>'c'B. `!T?![?GEVM _. [G [=. T.+_'.+ !CG_E[ G3 [=. 3_.B ?E [=. V[T![?7.+ '=!T;.* I.!A [.C> I.T![_T.V !T. !BVG T.+_'.+M =. .!TBc ;.E.T![.+ B.!E =GCG;.E.G_V C?b[_T. ?V $_TE.+ !3[.Ta!T+VM ?E'. [=. C?b[_T. ?V `.Tc B.!E* ?[ [!A.V V?;E?7'!E[ [?C.* B?C?[?E; C!b?C_C !BBGa!$B. .E;?E. VI..+VM E [=. 'GC$_V[?GE G3 [=. V[T![?7.+ '=!T;.* VGG[ a!V ;.E.T![.+M E [=. $B_. 9!C. G3 [=. =GCG;.E.G_V C?b[_T.* [=?V '!E $. .4.'[?`.Bc T.+_'.+M =. [G[!B !CG_E[ G3 ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B +.I.E+V GE [=. 3GBBGa?E; I!T!C.[.TV)  !VI?T![.+ !?T 9Ga I.T [?C. 3 -  ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. 9- ![  .E;?E.V

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E[.TC?[[.E[ 3_.B ?E@.'[?GE =!V [_TE.+ G_[ [G $. CGT. .'GEGC?'!B [=!E 'GE[?E_G_V 3_.B ?E@.'[?GE* +_. [G [=. +?4.T.E[ !''_T!'?.V T.O_?T.+ ?E [=GV. VcV[.CVM =. IGa.T G_[I_[ G3 !E .E;?E. `!T?.V a?[=?E ! a?+. T!E;.M .[a..E ?+B?E; IGa.T -'. !E+ C!b?C_C IGa.T -C * [=. T![?G ?V !$G_[ H ) HeeM -C 1 Hee -'.

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-< 1== 6!< =A<4/! 3  ?V 'GCI_[.+ $c ?CIB.C.E[![?GE G3 O_![?GE \M\FM !#! _I [!$B. '!E $. ?CIB.C.E[.+ [G 'GCI.EV![. 3GT IGVV?$B. .TTGTV G3 V.EVGTV -  ! 5KM !E+ !'[_![GTV) 11 1 11 J3
AD0 -<,#D!0 <A-4 1 .I.E+V GE V.`.T!B 3!'[GTV V_'= !V [.CI.T![_T. +.> I.E+?E; .ET?'=C.E[ +_T?E; a!TC>_I !E+ 'GTT.'[?GE 3GT +cE!C?' [T!EV?.E[VM
[ ?.V.B .E;?E.V* B!C$+! ?V !Ba!cV 1 * H;\M

B:C:   

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   3%R;%6%JE3 394%J;E 7= ><   ' <S*?

AA! C!;E.[?'!BBc 'GE[TGBB.+ ?E@.'[?GE EGddB.VM =. .4.'[ '!E $. 'GCI.EV![.+ $c !++?E; ! `GB[!;. +.I.E+!E[ [?C. 'GTT.'[?GE FJ KM =. 'GCI.EV![.+ [?C. ?V J\M\YK F'.( N FJ K ; EV[.!+ G3 +?T.'[ C.!V_T.C.E[* [=. C!VV !?T 9Ga 3 -  '!E $. .V[?C![.+ 3TGC ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. 9- GT [=. [=TG[[B. !E;B. = ![ [=TG[[B.+  .E;?E.VM =. !?T 9Ga ?E[G [=. 'cB?E+.TV !BVG +.I.E+V GE [=. +cE!C?' IT.VV_T. '=!E;.V ?E [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+M [ ?V ! 3_E'[?GE G3 3 -  1 '1 J9- ! 9-- ! 5K

!

J\M\XK

-  ![ V[![?GE!Tc .E;?E. GI.T![?GE a=.T. '1 C_V[ $. C.!V_T.+ 3GT !BB IGVV?$B. 3 !E+ 'GTT.'[.+ 3GT +cE!C?' IT.VV_T. '=!E;.V J.'[?GE \M^MYKM ?;_T. \MH8 V=GaV ! C!I 3GT [=. T.O_?T.+ ?E@.'[?GE [?C. F'.( G3 ! =?;=>IT.VV_T. I?.dG.B.'[T?' ?E@.'[GT G`.T [=. +.V?T.+ ?E@.'[?GE 3_.B C!VV 3$ !E+ [=. ?E@.'[?GE IT.VV_T. +?4.T.E'. 9M

A8B8&


,; << 5 ; 30C<@,31 G/

=. T.B![?`. !?T V_IIBc 1 ![ BGa .E;?E. VI..+V '!E $. ?E'T.!V.+ $c !'G_V[?' T.VGE!E'.V ?E [=. ?EB.[ I?I.V [G .!'= 'cB?E+.TM =.V. T.VGE!E'.V !T. .b?[.+ $c [=. I.T?G+?' GI.E?E; !E+ 'BGV?E; G3 [=. ?EB.[ `!B`.VM =. ;.GC.[Tc G3 [=. ?EB.[ I?I.V ?V +.V?;E.+ 3GT T.VGE!E'.V ![ BGa.T .E;?E. VI..+VM [ ?V ?E[.E+.+ [=![ ! IT.VV_T. C!b?C_C 3TGC [=. T.VGE!E'. G''_TV ![ [=. ?EB.[ `!B`. ![ [=. [?C. a=.E ?[ ?V GI.E.+M .E'.* CGT. !?T 9GaV ?E[G [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T !E+ ?E'T.!V.V [=. T.B![?`. !?T V_IIBc 1 !E+ [=. .4.'[?`. aGTA K# M cI?'!B T.VGE!E[ 3T.O_.E'?.V !T.

64

3. ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

between 2000 and 3000 rpm. For even lower resonant frequencies the geometric dimensions of the inlet pipes become too large. The frequency of air pulsation in the inlet pipe is n · CY L fp = . (3.38) 2 The factor 2 is due to the fact that air is aspirated only every second cycle in a four stroke process. For example, the pulsation frequency for a six cylinder engine (CY L = 6) at an engine speed of n = 6000 rpm is fp = 300 Hz. The air mass per cylinder can be calculated by integrating the mass air flow m ˙ a over one pulsation period. tb

ma =

m ˙ a dt

(3.39)

ta

The limits (begin ta and end tb ) of integration are given by tb − ta =

1 2 = fp n · CY L

,

(3.40)

and therefore, the aspirated air for one cylinder per cycle is 1 fp

ma =

m ˙ a dt .

(3.41)

0

The air supply ma can be calculated by integration of the mass air flow signal. The sampling rate must be high enough to avoid aliasing, and therefore it is about 5 − 10 times higher as the highest pulsation frequency. Eventual nonlinear characteristics of the air flow meter must be compensated for before the integration. A linear characteristic can be obtained by e.g. multiplying the sensor characteristic with it’s inverse. Thus an eventual bias introduced by the integration can be avoided [68]. The proper timing for integration (ta , tb ) can be derived from the crankshaft angle αcs signal. For example, if the crankshaft sensor has 60 teeth, the duration of tb − ta = f1p is equivalent to ∆αCS = 120◦ in a six cylinder engine. This is given by the shift of 20 teeth of the crankshaft sensor. Unfortunately, mass air flow is synchronized to time and not to the crankshaft angle αCS . Since mass air flow m ˙ a is not sampled at start and stop times ta and tb , it must be interpolated: m ˙ a (ta )

=

m ˙ a (tb )

=

t1 − ta t1 − ta +m ˙ a (t1 ) 1 − Ts Ts tn+1 − tb tn+1 − tb m ˙ a (tn ) +m ˙ a (tn+1 ) 1 − Ts Ts

m ˙ a (t0 )

The integration is approximated e.g. by the trapezoidal rule: ma

≈

Ts t1 − ta (m ˙ a (ta ) + m ˙ a (t1 )) +m ˙ a (t1 ) + 2m ˙ a (t2 ) + · · · CY L Ts tn+1 − tb · · · + 2m ˙ a (tn−1 ) + m ˙ a (tn ) + (m ˙ a (tn ) + m ˙ a (tb )) 1 − Ts

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?;_T. \MHX V=GaV ! 'TGVV>V.'[?GE G3 [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+M =. [=TG[[B. !E;B. 'GE[TGBV [=. C!VV !?T 9Ga 3 -  '. ?E[G [=. C!E?3GB+M ?.V.B .E;?E.V !T. .?[=.T _E[=TG[[B.+ GT `.Tc CG+.T![.Bc [=TG[[B.+ ?E VGC. GI.T![?E; IG?E[V ?E GT+.T [G .EV_T. ! V_5'?.E[ .b=!_V[ ;!V T.'?T'_B![?GEM b=!_V[ ;!V T.'?T'_B![?GE ?V EG[ 'GEV?+.T.+ ?E [=. 3GBBGa?E; CG+.BM =. '=!T;. C!VV !?T 9Ga G_[ 3TGC [=. C!E?3GB+ ?E[G [=. 'cB?E+.TV 3 -  +.I.E+V GE [=. IT.VV_T. B.`.B ?E [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+ 9- J!E+ [=. IT.VV_T. ?E [=. 'cB?E+.T 9 KM G 'GE[TGB [=. !?T>3_.B T![?G 1 'GTT.'[Bc !BVG ?E [T!EV?.E[V* [=. ?E@.'[.+ !CG_E[ G3 3_.B C_V[ $. !+!I[.+ [G [=. C!VV !?T 9Ga ?E[G [=. 'cB?E+.T 3 -  T![=.T [=!E [G [=. C!VV !?T 9Ga 3 -  '. ?E[G [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+M =. IT.VV_T. GV'?BB![?GEV V=GaE ?E ?;_T. \MHY V=!BB $. E.;B.'[.+ ?E [=. 3GB> BGa?E; +.+_'[?GE J!`.T!;.+ CG+.BKM
'=!E;. ?E C!VV !?T 9Ga 3 -  T.V_B[V ?E ! +.B!c.+ '=!E;. ?E C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. 9- M =. !''GT+?E; +?4.T.E[?!B .O_![?GE ?V +.T?`.+ 3TGC !E .E.T;c .O_?B?$T?_C) =. '=!E;. G3 [=. ?E[.TE!B .E.T;c G3 [=. !?T C!VV ?E [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+ ?V .O_!B [G [=. V_C G3 ?E> !E+ G_[;G?E; .E.T;c 9GaV

YY

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J\M:^K

E [=?V CG+.B* T.VGE!E'.V a?[=?E [=. C!E?3GB+ !T. E.;B.'[.+ $c !VV_C?E; ?+.E[?'!B IT.VV_T. 9- ![ [=. [=TG[[B. !E+ [=. ?EB.[ I?I.V  M
++?[?GE!BBc* [=. =.![ T!+?![?GE 3TGC [=. .E;?E. ?V V_IIGV.+ [G C!['= [=. [=.TC!B =.![ T.O_?T.+ 3GT [=. .`!IGT!> [?GE G3 [=. 3_.BM =.T.3GT.* EG !++?[?GE!B [.TCV !T. !++.+ [G O_![?GE \M:^M =. .E[=!BI?.V ![ [=. ?EB.[ !E+ G_[B.[ !T. .O_?`!B.E[ [G) 3 -  '. +'.

1

3 -  '9 +

1

3 -  '. I'. N 9 - '. 3 -  '9 I N 9- - 

J\M:\K J\M::K

a=?'= '!E $. ?EV.T[.+ ?E O_![?GE \M:^) - - I- 1 3 -  '. +'.  3 -  '9 + 3- I- - N 3

J\M:8K

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J\M:YK

!E+ !3[.T +?`?V?GE $c A 2 H  A- H-- N A- - H- 1 A -

#

H3 -  '.  3 -  '9 H

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J\M:XK

 $&4 3)74 7, + ;3# .344:3 *,) <$&$ $4 .3,; 7,  4:&+7)> :37 ,3 *44 &3 !,< 73+4&+741

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EV.T[?E; [=. !+?!$![?' .bIGE.E[ / 1 2 EA !E+ [=. ?+.!B ;!V .O_![?GE 9 1 3  H* [=?V c?.B+V [=. 3GBBGa?E; .O_![?GE 3GT [=. IT.VV_T. '=!E;.) # * /  H H3 -  '.  J\M:/K 3 -  '9 9-- 1 H [ ?V +?5'_B[ [G C.!V_T. [=. '=!T;. C!VV !?T 9Ga 3TGC [=. C!E?3GB+ ?E[G [=. -  '9 ?V C_'= 3!V[.T [=!E 'cB?E+.T 3 -  '9 M .'!_V. [=. +cE!C?' T.VIGEV. G3 3 -  '9 V=!BB $. [=![ G3 [=. C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. 9- * GEBc [=. V[![?' $.=!`?GT G3 3 -  '9 +.I.E+V GE 'GEV?+.T.+ $c ! BGGA>_I [!$B. ' J5! 9- KM =. C!VV !?T 9Ga 3 [=. .E;?E. VI..+ 5 !E+ [=. C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. 9- M
[ V[![?GE!Tc .E;?E. GI.T![?GE* -  '. M a=.T. [=. IT.VV_T. +.T?`![?`. ?V 9- - 1 e* ?[ '!E $. +.[.TC?E.+ $c 3 3 -  '9 1 3 -  '9

H1 ' J5! 9- K 1 3 -  '. ! H

9-- 1 e

J\M:FK

=. IT.VV_T. '=!E;. ?E [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+ ?V ;?`.E $c) 9- - 1

H J3 -  '.  ' J5! 9- KK G

J\M8eK

a?[= [=. ?E[.;T![?GE 'GEV[!E[ G ) G1

/  H

J\M8HK

=. BGGA>_I [!$B. '!E $. C.!V_T.+ GE !E .E;?E. [.V[ $.+ ![ V[![?GE!Tc GI.T![?E; IG?E[V* a=.T. [=. +.T?`![?`. G3 [=. !`.T!;.+ C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. 9-- 1 eM E+.T [=.V. 'GE+?[?GEV [=. ?E'GC?E; C!VV !?T 9Ga 3 -  '. ?V .O_!B [G [=. `!B_.V ?E [=. BGGA>_I [!$B. 3GT 3 -  '9 M ?;_T. \MH/ V=GaV [=. $BG'A +?!;T!C G3 [=. IT.VV_T. CG+.B G3 [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+M c ?E[.;T![?GE G3 O_![?GE \M8e [=. !`.T!;. C!E> ?3GB+ IT.VV_T. '!E $. .V[?C![.+ ?E T.!B[?C.M =?V '!E $. _[?B?d.+ ![ .E;?E. ?+B. VI..+ 'GE[TGB J.'[?GE 8M^KM
EG[=.T !IIB?'![?GE ?V [G .V[?C![. [=. C!VV !?T 9Ga 3 -  '. 3TGC [=. C.!V_T.+ C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. 9- !E+ .E;?E. VI..+ 5) 3 -  '. 1 G  9- - N ' J5! 9- K

;

J\M8^K

Y/

B:  

   

=. +.T?`![?`. 9- - '!E GEBc $. '!B'_B![.+ a?[= VGC. B!;M E VGC. !IIB?'![?GEV* [=. +.T?`![?`. G3 [=. [=TG[[B. !E;B. - = ?V [=.T.3GT. _V.+ !V !E !++?[?GE!B `!T?!$B.M -  1) =. [?C. 'GEV[!E[ '!E $. EGTC!B?d.+ ![ GI.T![?E; IG?E[V 9- 1 !E+ 3 G. 1

9- 1 G 3 -1

J\M8\K

=?V EGTC!B?d.+ I!T!C.[.T G. T.IT.V.E[V [=. ?E[.;T![?GE [?C. 'GEV[!E[ ?E V.'GE+VM =. IT.VV_T. '=!E;. 9- - ?V [=.E) # * 3 -  '. ' J5! 9- K " 9G. 1  J\M8:K "F 9- 1 3 -1 3 -1 -  1 a=?'= '!E $. V..E =. [?C. 'GEV[!E[ G. +.I.E+V C!?EBc GE [=. !?T 9Ga 3 ?E [=. 3GBBGa?E; .b!CIB.)
VV_C?E; ! C!E?3GB+ `GB_C. G3 - 1 :;^8 0 ![ !E !C$?.E[ [.CI.T![_T. G3 H 1 \ee   !E+ !E !+?!$![?' 'G.5'?.E[ / 1 H;:* [=. [?C. 'GEV[!E[ G. ![ C?E?C_C !E+ C!b?C_C IGa.T '!E $. '!B'_B![.+)  ![ C!b?C_C IGa.T* [=. C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. ?V 9- 1 1 H @ !E+ [=. C!VV !?T 9Ga V=!BB $. 3 -  1 1 Yee .(E+M =?V B.!+V [G ! [?C. 'GEV[!E[ G3) G.  1 ^H 3C

J\M88K

 ![ C?E?C_C IGa.T J.M;M ?+B?E;K* [=. IT.VV_T. ?V 9- 1 1 e;\8 @ !E+ [=. C!VV !?T 9Ga V=!BB $. 3 -  1 1 Y .(E+ a=?'= B.!+V [G) G. , 1 X:e 3C

J\M8YK

[ '!E $. V..E [=![ [=. +cE!C?' $.=!`?GT G3 [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+ =!V !E ?CI!'[ GE .E;?E. +cE!C?'V .VI.'?!BBc ![ BGa IGa.T V_'= !V ?+B?E;M

A8B8=

)1,@,31
1)/ 31@;3/

GTT.'[ ?;E?[?GE [?C?E; G`.T [=. .E[?T. .E;?E. GI.T![?E; T!E;. ?V `.Tc ?CIGT> [!E[ !V ?[ =!V ! C!@GT ?CI!'[ GE 3_.B 'GEV_CI[?GE !V a.BB !V GE .C?VV?GE T![.VM GC$_V[?GE a?[=?E [=. 'cB?E+.T '!E $. +?`?+.+ ?E[G [aG I=!V.V) HM 2(11A-42 !0H 7-1! <464'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T. !E+ [.CI.T![_T. +G EG[ T?V. 'GEV?+.T!$Bc a?[=?E [=?V [?C. I.T?G+M =. ?E9!CC![?GE +.B!c [?C. G'! +.I.E+V GE [=. [.CI.T![_T.* IT.VV_T. !E+ !?T>3_.B T![?GM =. +.B!c '!E $. 'GE`GB_[.+ ?E[G !E .O_?`!B.E[ 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. a=?'= ?E'T.!V.V a?[= .E;?E. VI..+M ^M 41D=A-42 7
2*0! <464
B:C:   

YF

?;E?[?GE ![ [=. .bI.EV. G3 ! =?;=.T 3_.B 'GEV_CI[?GE , M =. 3GBBGa?E; I!T!C.[.TV !T. _V.+ [G 'GE[TGB [=. ?;E?[?GE !E;B.)  E[!A. C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. 9 !VV !?T 9Ga 3 -  E;?E. VI..+ 5  =TG[[B. !E;B. = 
?T>3_.B T![?G 1  T!EAV=!3[ !E;B.  !E+   V?;E!B G3 ! T.3.T.E'. 'cB?E+.T 
C$?.E[ !?T [.CI.T![_T. H  E;?E. [.CI.T![_T. H#  ![[.Tc `GB[!;.  =.V. `!B_.V !T. [=. V!C. !V [=GV. E..+.+ 3GT 3_.B 'GE[TGBM =. ?;E?[?GE !E;B. ' ?V +.I.E+.E[ GE C!Ec ?E9_.E'.V)  =. ?;E?[?GE !E;B. ' ?V ! 3_E'[?GE G3 .E;?E. BG!+ !IITGb?C![.+ $c ?E@.'[?GE -  EJ5  1K JV.. O_![?GE \M\\K* !E+ G3 .E;?E. VI..+ 5M =?V [?C. F'.(  3 '!E $. +.V'T?$.+ $c ! C!I ' 1 ' JF' ! 5KM =. BGGA>_I [!$B. !BVG 'G`.TV [=. `!T?![?GE G3 ?E9!CC![?GE +.I.E+?E; GE .E;?E. BG!+ !E+ VI..+M .[!T+.+ ?;E?[?GE !E;B.V C!c $. V.B.'[.+ ?E GT+.T [G 'GCITGC?V. 3GT T.+_'.+ .C?V> V?GEV !E+ AEG'A?E;M =. ?;E?[?GE !E;B. ' ?V +.[.TC?E.+ 3GT .!'= .E;?E. GI.T![?E; IG?E[ $c [.V[ $.+ .bI.T?C.E[VM 
?T>3_.B T![?G 1* a=?'= +.[.TC?E.V [=. ?E9!CC![?GE +.B!c G'! M  .[!T+.+ ?;E?[?GE !E;B. ![ =?;= !C$?.E[ !?T [.CI.T![_T. H [G !`G?+ AEG'A> ?E;M
BGGA>_I [!$B. +.I.E+?E; GE F'.( !E+ H C!c $. _V.+M  E;?E. a!TC>_I ![ BGa .E;?E. [.CI.T![_T.V H# M
T.[!T+.+ ?;E?[?GE !E;B. ' T.[!T+V [=. .E.T;c 'GE`.TV?GE ITG'.VV [G ! I=!V. a=.T. [=. .b=!_V[ `!B`.V !T. !BT.!+c GI.E.+M =. .b=!_V[ I?I. !E+ [=. '![!Bc[?' 'GE`.T[.T !T. [=.E =.![.+ `.Tc 3!V[M  E;?E. VI..+ V[!$?B?d![?GE ![ ?+B?E; $c !+`!E'?E; ?;E?[?GE !E;B.V ![ BGa.T .E;?E. VI..+V* [=_V ?E'T.!V?E; [GTO_.M  E;?E. VI..+ B?C?[![?GE $c T.[!T+?E; ?;E?[?GE !E;B.V ?E 'GE@_E'[?GE a?[= 3_.B '_[ G4M  .[!T+.+ ?;E?[?GE !E;B.V +_T?E; !''.B.T![?GE ?E GT+.T [G !`G?+ AEG'A?E;M  BGV.+>BGGI AEG'A 'GE[TGB  =. $![[.Tc `GB[!;.  =!V !E ?CI!'[ GE [=. .B.'[T?'!B ?;E?[?GE .E.T;cM ?;_T. \MHF V=GaV !E ?;E?[?GE !E;B. C!I +.I.E+?E; GE .E;?E. VI..+ !E+ BG!+M
E;B.V ' $.3GT. GI .!+ .E[.T JK !T. IGV?[?`.M  ;3 )) 7$ 73*&+7&,+ , 7$ 3&#$7 &#+&7&,+ +#) &4  ,*.3,*&4 7<+ &3+7 ,'7&;41

Xe

B:  

   

   093J3;9 906% 7=

A8B8!

5@,0,H@,31 3" 1),1 5<

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   E;FF F%J3;96 E% J J1% N6N%FA $., ITG'.VVM =. 9Ga G3 .b=!_V[ ;!V.V !! [=TG_;= [=. G_[B.[ `!B`.V ?V +.I.E+?E; GE 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. ?EV[.!+ G3 [?C.M [ ?V '!B'_B![.+ !''GT+?E; [G O_![?GE :M\M 3  4

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#$ $ 0@=   ; 2 1  " ^=5 /H 9 9 H J:M8K E [=?V* 90@= ?V [=. IT.VV_T. ?E [=. G_[B.[ I?I.* 9 [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T. !E+ H [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T [.CI.T![_T.M E[.;T![?GE G3 O_![?GE :M8 G`.T [=. G_[B.[ I=!V. c?.B+V 30@= M GC. T.C!?E?E; ;!V.V 39#- a?BB T.C!?E ?E [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T !3[.T 'BGV?E; G3 [=. G_[B.[ `!B`.VM

39#- 1 3 N 3$ @9.=  30@=

J:MYK

=?V T.C!?E?E; ;!V 'GEV?V[V G3 !?T 39#- '9 JV.. O_![?GE :MH:K !E+ $_TE[ 3_.B 39#- @9.= JV.. O_![?GE :MH8KM ?E'. [=. .b=!_V[ ;!V ?V !VV_C.+ [G $. ! =GCG> ;.E.G_V C?b[_T.* [=. !?T>3_.B T![?G G3 [=. T.C!?E?E; ;!V.V ?V .O_!B [G [=![ G3 [=. ;!V C?b[_T. ![ [=. .E+ G3 [=. IT.`?G_V 'GC$_V[?GE I=!V.M

(8B8B

/3E ,1@3 30C<@,31 *0 ;

!- =. C!VV 9Ga ! ?E[G [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T 3TGC [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+ ?V  '!B'_B![.+ a?[= O_![?GE :M\ ?E +.I.E+.E'c G3 [=. 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B.  !E+ [=. .E;?E. VI..+ 5 !V 3  4

  4 ^  / # 9 * # 9 * He 9"3 2  4$ +0B '. 
#$ $ '.   ;  1  " ^=5 /H 99  H-

J:MXK E [=?V* 9- ?V [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. !E+ 9 [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T.M _T> [=.TCGT.* [=. ;!V 'GCIGV?[?GE C_V[ $. 'GEV?+.T.+ ?E [=. '=!T;. ITG'.VV* V_'= !V ?E>'cB?E+.T T.C!?E?E; ;!V.V 39#- !E+ T.'?T'_B![.+ .b=!_V[ ;!V.V 3 J.b=!_V[ ;!V T.'?T'_B![?GE* KM c C.!EV G3 ! ;?`.E >T![.  * [=. '=!T;. !?T C!VV 3TGC [=. C!E?3GB+ ?V 3 '9 1 3  JH   K

J:M/K

*:B:
- 
 

XF

!E+ [=. C!VV G3 [=. T.'?T'_B![.+ ;!V.V ?V 3 1 3   ;

J:MFK

=. '=!T;. C!VV G3 3T.V= !?T I.T V[TGA. 3 ?V '!B'_B![.+ $c ?E[.;T![?E; O_![?GE :MX G`.T [=. ?EB.[ I=!V.M ?E'. [=. T.'?T'_B![.+ ;!V ?V 'GCIGV.+ G3 !?T !E+ $_TE[ 3_.B ![ [=. V!C. ITGIGT[?GE !V [=. T.C!?E?E; ;!V.V ![ [=. .E+ G3 [=. IT.'.+?E; G_[B.[ I=!V.* [=. !CG_E[ G3 T.'?T'_B![.+ !?T ?V 39#- '9    3 ; J:MHeK 3 '9 1 39#=. T.V_B[?E; !?T C!VV 3 ?EV?+. [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T 3GT [=. E.b[ 'GC$_V[?GE I=!V. ?V [=. V_C G3 [=. !?T C!VV 3TGC [=. C!E?3GB+ 3 '9 * [=. T.'?T'_B![.+ !?T C!VV 3 '9 !E+ [=. !?T IGT[?GE G3 [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T T.C!?E?E; ;!V.V 39#- '9 3TGC [=. G_[B.[ I=!V. 3 1 3  JH   K N 3 '9 N 39#- '9 ;

J:MHHK

=. !CG_E[ G3 T.'?T'_B![.+ $_TE[ 3_.B 3 @9.= ?V [=. 'GCIB.C.E[ [G .O_![?GE :MHe 39#- @9.= ; J:MH^K 3 @9.= 1   3  3 '9 1   3  39#=. T.V_B[?E; '=!T;. C!VV G3 $_TE[ 3_.B 3$ @9.= ![ [=. $.;?EE?E; G3 [=. 'GC$_V> [?GE ITG'.VV ?V [=. V_C G3 T.'?T'_B![.+ $_TE[ 3_.B 3 @9.= !E+ [=. IGT[?GE G3 [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T T.C!?E?E; ;!V.V 39#- @9.= 3TGC [=. IT.`?G_V G_[B.[ I=!V.M 3$ @9.= 1 3 @9.= N 39#- @9.= ;

J:MH\K

=. ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B ?V EG[ c.[ $_TE[ ![ [=. [?C. G3 ?E@.'[?GEM ?;_T. :M\ V=GaV !BB C!VV.V +.[.TC?E.+ +_T?E; '=!T;. .b'=!E;.M

(8A


,;+"C / @,3

=. V[G?'=?GC.[Tc T![?G* ;= T.3.TV [G !E !?T>3_.B T![?G ?E a=?'= !BB 'GC$_V[?$B. C![.T?!BV !T. _V.+ a?[= EG +.7'?.E'?.V GT .b'.VV.VM =. !?T>3_.B T![?G 1 ?V [=. '_TT.E[ T![?G G3 !?T !E+ $_TE[ 3_.B C!VV.V +?`?+.+ $c [=. V[G?'=?GC.[T?' 'GEV[!E[M G'!B +?4.T.E'.V G3 [=. !?T>3_.B T![?G !T. E.;B.'[.+ ?E [=?V CG+.BM =. ;!V ?V !VV_C.+ [G $. =GCG;.E.G_VM

(8A84

F*C<@ @;3.

E [=?V V.'[?GE G3 [=. +?.V.B 'c'B.* [=. !?T>3_.B T![?G 1 G3 [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T .b=!_V[ ;!V.V V=!BB $. ?+.E[?'!B [G [=. !?T>3_.B T![?G ![ [=. .E+ G3 [=. IT.`?G_V 'GC$_V[?GE ITG'.VV JV.'[?GE :M\M\KM ?E'. a. !VV_C. [=. .b=!_V[ ;!V.V [G $. =GCG;.E.G_V* 1 T.C!?EV 'GEV[!E[ +_T?E; [=. .b=!_V[ V[TGA.M =. T.V_B[?E; ?E>'cB?E+.T T.C!?E?E; !?T C!VV 39#- '9 !E+ $_TE[ 3_.B C!VV 39#- @9.= !T. EGa +.T?`.+ !V 39#- @9.=

1

39#- '9

1

H  39#1  ;= N H 1  ;=  39#- ; 1  ;= N H

J:MH:K J:MH8K

/e

*:       3T.V= ;!V C!VV

 C!VV

.b=!_V[ C!VV

?E@.'[.+ !E+ $_TE[ 3_.B C!VV 3'.( @9.= 3T.V= '=!T;. C!VV 3

.b=!_V[ C!VV 30@=

*= 1==!= -2=- ! 41D=A-42 +1!< !?T C!VV 3 ?E>'cB?E+.T T.C !?T C!VV 39#- '9 T.'?T'_B![.+ !?T C!VV 3 '9

3T.V= !?T C!VV 3 '9

$_TE[ 3_.B C!VV 3$ @9.= ?E>'cB?E+.T T.C!?E?E; $_TE[ 3_.B C!VV 39#- @9.= T.'?T'_B![.+ $_TE[ 3_.B C!VV 3 @9.=

?E@.'[.+ !E+ $_TE[ 3_.B C!VV 3'.( @9.=

   N%EN3%O ;( 66 6M6J%# 7FF%F #ME390 1E0% %P190%A

(8A8B

1@. @;3.

.3GT. 3_.B ?E@.'[?GE [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T ?V 7BB.+ a?[= 3T.V= !?T !E+ T.'?T'_> B![.+ ;!V.VM ?E'. [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T ?V '=!T;.+ a?[= 3T.V= !?T* [=. !?T>3_.B T![?G 1 ?V ?E'T.!V?E;M =. T.V_B[?E; !?T>3_.B T![?G ?V 1 1

3 3$ @9.=  ;=

1

3  JH   K N 3 '9 N 39#- '9 ; J3 @9.= N 39#- @9.= K  ;=

J:MHYK

39#- '9 !E+ 39#- @9.= !T. [=. T.C!?E?E; ;!V C!VV.V G3 [=. IT.`?G_V .b=!_V[ V[TGA. JV.'[?GE :M\MHKM =. '=!E;. G3 [=. !?T>3_.B T![?G 1 +_T?E; [=. ?E[!A. V[TGA. ?V * # H "3$ @9.= "1 "3 ; J:MHXK 1 ,   3$ @9.=  3  " 3$ @9.=  ;= " "

(8A8A

305; <<,31 1 30C<@,31

=. !?T>3_.B T![?G 1 ?V '=!E;?E; +_T?E; 'GC$_V[?GE !V a.BBM =!E;.V G3 [=. ;!V C!VV.V ?EV?+. [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T T.V_B[ 3TGC [=. $_TE?E; G3 ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B a=?'= '!_V.V [=. !?T>3_.B T![?G [G +.'T.!V.M =. '_TT.E[ T![?G 1 $.[a..E !?T !E+ $_TE[ 3_.B ?V '!B'_B![.+ !V 1 1

3 3$ @9.=  ;=

1

3  JH   K N 3 '9 N 39#- '9 ; J3 @9.= N 39#- @9.= N 3'.( @9.= K  ;=

J:MH/K

*:*:
 



/H

3 T.IT.V.E[V [=. C!VV G3 3T.V= !?T !E+ [=. C!VV G3 !?T 'GE[!?E.+ ?E [=. 'GC> $_V[?GE ITG+_'[V ?EV?+. [=. 'cB?E+.TM
3[.T 'BGV?E; [=. ?EB.[ `!B`.V 3 T.C!?EV 'GEV[!E[ +_T?E; [=. 'GCIT.VV?GE !E+ [=. IGa.T V[TGA.M =. !CG_E[ G3 $_TE[ 3_.B 3$ @9.= * 'GEV?V[?E; G3 [=. !CG_E[ G3 $_TE[ 3_.B ?E [=. T.C!?E?E; ;!V.V 39#- @9.= * [=. T.'?T'_B![.+ $_TE[ 3_.B C!VV 3 @9.= !E+ [=. !CG_E[ G3 ?E@.'[.+ !E+ !B> T.!+c $_TE[ 3_.B 3'.( @9.= '=!E;.V +_T?E; [=. '_TT.E[ 'GC$_V[?GE ITG'.VVM =. '=!E;. G3 [=. !?T>3_.B T![?G 1 ?E +.I.E+.E'. G3 [=. 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. ?V "1 "

1 1

1 "3'.( @9.=  ! 3$ @9.= " "3'.( @9.= 1  ; J:MHFK  3 @9.= N 39#- @9.= N 3'.( @9.= "



=. !?T>3_.B T![?G ![ [=. .E+ G3 'GC$_V[?GE ?V [!A.E ?E O_![?GE J:MH:K !E+ J:MH8KM

(8(

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;!V C!VV ?E'T.C.E[ "3 ?EV?+. [=. 'cB?E+.T ?V [=. V_C G3 [=. '=!T;. C!VV ?E'T.C.E[ "3 !E+ [=. ?E'T.C.E[ G3 [=. ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B [=![ ?V !BT.!+c $_TE[ "3'.( @9.= C?E_V [=. G_[B.[ C!VV ?E'T.C.E[ "30@= M BGa>$c .4.'[V ![ [=. `!B`.V !E+ ![ [=. I?V[GE C!c $. E.;B.'[.+ 3GT CG+.TE +?.V.B .E;?E.VM "3 "3'.( @9.= "30@= "3 1 N  ; " " " "

J:M^eK

_T?E; [=. ?E[!A. V[TGA.* [=. ;!V C!VV +.T?`![. ?V "3 "3 1 ; " "

J:M^HK

_T?E; [=. 'GCIT.VV?GE !E+ IGa.T V[TGA.* [=. `!B`.V !T. 'BGV.+ !E+ [=. C!VV ?E'T.C.E[ "3 ?V [=. 'GC$_V[.+ 3_.B C!VV ?E'T.C.E[ "3'.( @9.= "3'.( @9.= "3 1 ; " "

J:M^^K

_T?E; [=. .b=!_V[ V[TGA. [=. C!VV +.T?`![?`. +.I.E+V GE [=. 9Ga G3 .b=!_V[ ;!V.V G_[ G3 [=. 'cB?E+.TM "30@= "3 1 ; J:M^\K " " =. B?O_?+ 3_.B ?EV?+. [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T ?V ?;EGT.+ ?E [=?V $!B!E'. V?E'. GEBc ;!V.V !T. T.B.`!E[ ?E [=. 'GC$_V[?GE ITG'.VVM

(8&

C / 1- @,31

=. .E.T;c 'GE`.TV?GE ?V +.[.TC?E.+ $c [=. ?E@.'[?GE ITG'.VV* ?M.M =Ga C_'= 3_.B ?V ?E@.'[.+ G`.T [?C.M =. 'G_TV. G3 ?E@.'[?GE ?V ?E9_.E'.+ $c [=. ?E@.'[?GE IT.VV_T.* [=. E_C$.T G3 ?E@.'[?GEV I.T 'GC$_V[?GE 'c'B.* [=. +_T![?GE G3 .!'= ?E@.'[?GE* [=. ;.GC.[Tc G3 [=. ?E@.'[GT EGddB. !E+ [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T.M

/^

*:      

?E@.'[GT EGddB.V ?E@.'[?GE E..+B. CG`.C.E[

3_.B V_IIBc    1%7J3 FJEMJME% ;( 9 394%J;EA

?;_T. :M: V=GaV [=. V'=.C![?' V[T_'[_T. G3 !E ?E@.'[GTM =. 3_.B ?EV?+. [=. ?E@.'[GT ?V _E+.T [=. V!C. =?;= IT.VV_T. !V ?EV?+. [=. 'GCCGE T!?BM .'!_V. G3 [=. E..+B. CG`.C.E[* [=. EGddB.V GI.E !E+ 3_.B 9GaV ?E[G [=. 'cB?E+.T !''GT+?E; [G [=. IT.VV_T. ;T!+?.E[ $.[a..E 'GCCGE T!?B !E+ 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.TM =. 9Ga !- ?E +.I.E+.E'c G3 [=. 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B.  '!E $. G3 [=. ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B C!VV ! '!B'_B![.+ a?[= [=. .TEG_BB? O_![?GE 3GT ?E'GCIT.VV?$B. V_$V[!E'.V %F/* H^H& !V . 4'.( "3$ 
.  ^  A$  J99'+  9K ; J:M^:K 1 " ^=5 =. ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B C!VV G`.T TG[![?GE G3 [=. 'T!EAV=!3[ +.I.E+V GE [=. .4.'> [?`. 'TGVV V.'[?GE!B !T.! G3 [=. EGddB.V
. * [=. 3_.B +.EV?[c A$ !E+ [=. IT.VV_T. +?4.T.E'. $.[a..E [=. ?E@.'[?GE IT.VV_T. 99'+ !E+ [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T. 9M _T[=.TCGT.* [=. .4.'[?`. 'TGVV V.'[?GE!B !T.!
. G3 [=. EGddB.V +.I.E+V GE [=. E..+B. CG`.C.E[M =. 3!'[GT 4'.( ?V T.O_?T.+ 3GT 7[[?E; '!B'_B![.+ 3_.B C!VV.V [G !'[_!BBc C.!V_T.+ 3_.B C!VV.V ?E .!'= GI.T![?E; IG?E[M .'!_V. [=. E..+B. CG`.C.E[ ?V G3[.E EG[ AEGaE* ! CG+.B a?[=G_[ E..+B. CG`.C.E[ ?V .CIBGc.+M
''GT+?E; [G %H^H& [=. 3_.B 9Ga ?E[G [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T 3GT +?T.'[ ?E@.'[.+ +?.V.B .E;?E.V '!E $. !VV_C.+ !V I!T!$GB?' G`.T TG[![?GE G3 [=. 'T!EAV=!3[M =. I!T!$GB! "3$ J K , 1    N    N  J:M^8K " =!V [G $. GI.E +GaEa!T+* ?M.M  2 eM =. C!b?C_C IG?E[ J -C ! '!B'_B![.+ !V  -C 1 

 ^

!E+

"3$ -C :  , M 1 " :

!-"1 ! K

?V

J:M^YK

=. ?E@.'[?GE 9Ga '!E $. aT?[[.E "3$ J K , 1    N    "

e     '.( *

J:M^XK

?3 [=. ?E@.'[?GE V[!T[V ![  1 eM =. .E+ G3 ?E@.'[?GE G''_TV ![ !E;B.  '.( M =. C!b?C_C 3_.B 9Ga T.V_B[V 3TGC O_![?GE :M^: ![ C!b?C_C 'TGVV V.'[?GE!B !T.!
. -C . 4'.( "3$ -C 
. -C  ^  A$  J99'+  9KM 1 J:M^/K " ^=5

*:?:  

 

/\

=. 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. G3 C!b?C_C 3_.B 9Ga ?V  -C 1

 '.( M ^

J:M^FK

=. ?E@.'[?GE ITG'.VV ?V 7E?V=.+ ![  1  '.( M =. I!T!C.[.T  ?V '!B'_B![.+ !- ?V !;!?E d.TG ?E O_![?GE :M^X ![ [=. .E+ G3 [=. ?E@.'[?GE* a=.T. ! 1

 ;  '.(

J:M\eK

!-

V?E; [=. C!b?C_C 9Ga !"1 ?E O_![?GE :M^/* !E;B.  -C !E+ O_![?GEV  :M^X !E+ :M\e* [=. I!T!C.[.TV G3 [=. I!T!$GB?' .O_![?GE !T. 3G_E+ !V . 4'.( : 
. -C  ^  A$  J99'+  9K  J:M\HK  1  ,  '.( ^  =  5 . 4'.( : 
. -C  ^  A$  J99'+  9KM J:M\^K   1  '.( ^  =  5 E[.;T![?E; O_![?GE :M^: G`.T [=. ?E@.'[?GE !E;B. V.;C.E[  '.( c?.B+V [=. [G[!B ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B C!VV 3$ 3GT GE. 'GC$_V[?GE 'c'B. :

4'.( 
. -C  3$ 1   '.( ^=5

 # # 

.

 

^  A$  J99'+  9K 1

, 

* " M

 '.(

J:M\\K =. ?E[.;T![?GE ?V +GE. V[.Ia?V.* ;.E.T![?E; ! 3_.B I!'A!;. 3$ ' 3GT .!'= !E;B. V.;C.E[  a?[=?E B?C?[V e 2   ,   '.( M

3$ '

: 
. -C 4'.(  1   '.( ^=5

  '

. ^  A$  J99'+  9K 

#  

, 

 '.(

* " M

  '!

J:M\:K 3 [=. .E[?T. ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B C!VV 3$ ?V ;?`.E* [=. ?E@.'[?GE !E;B. V.;C.E[  '.( ?V '!B'_B![.+ !V  '.( 1 3$ 

4'.(

\=5 0 M 
. -C  ^  A$  J99'+  9K

J:M\8K

G I!T!C.[.T?d. [=. 3_.B ?E@.'[?GE CG+.B* ! C!I 3GT 4'.( ?V +.[.TC?E.+ 3GT +?4.T> .E[ GI.T![?GE IG?E[VM ?;_T. :M8 V=GaV ! 'GCI!T?VGE G3 C.!V_T.+ !E+ CG+.B.+  # 3GT V.`.T!B IT.> !E+ C!?E>?E@.'[?GEVM +![! G3 [=. ?E@.'[?GE [?C. F'.( 1 ,6.

(8>

C / D53;@,31

=. I?.dG .B.'[T?' ?E@.'[?GE [.'=E?O_. !BBGaV [G V=!I. [=. 'G_TV. G3 ?E@.'[?GE !E+ [=. ITG;T.VV G3 3_.B .`!IGT![?GEM !Ec +?4.T.E[ ?E@.'[?GE '_T`.V !T. IGVV?$B.* V.. ?;_T. :MYM =. IT.>?E@.'[?GE =.BIV [G T.+_'. [=. [cI?'!B =!T+ +?.V.B .E;?E.

*:       ?E@.'[?GE [?C. %4C&

/: H^e Hee /e

C.!V_T.+ '!B'_B![.+

Ye :e ^e e

He

8

H8 ^e T.'GT+ E_C$.T

^8

\e

   ;7=E3F;9 ;( 7%FME%# 9# 6M6J%# 394%J3;9 #MEJ3;9F (;E =E%2 9# 7392394%J3;9A ?E@.'[?GE '_T`.

?E@.'[?GE T![.

.b=!_V[ ;!V !3[.T [T.![C.E[ 'GC$_V[?GE GI[?C?d![?GE !'G_V[?' C.!V_T.V

!E;B.    ;FF36% 394%J3;9 MEN% ;( 7;#%E9 #3%F%6 394%J3;9 FQFJ%7FA

'GC$_V[?GE EG?V.M =. IT.VV_T. ;T!+?.E[ '!E $. 9![[.E.+ a?[= ! VC!BB 3_.B ?E> @.'[?GE ![ [=. $.;?EE?E; G3 [=. 'GC$_V[?GE 'c'B.M =. C!?E ?E@.'[?GE !E+ [=. V=!I. G3 [=. C!?E ?E@.'[?GE !T. _V.+ [G GI[?C?d. [=. IGa.T G_[I_[ G3 [=. .E;?E.M ?E!BBc* IGV[>?E@.'[?GEV !T. _V.3_B 3GT .b=!_V[ ;!V !3[.T [T.![C.E[ VcV[.CV* .M ;M [G =.![ _I [=. .b=!_V[ VcV[.C !E+ [G $_TE VGG[ ?E ! '![!Bc[?' 'GE`.T[.T ?EV?+. [=. .b=!_V[ I?I.M GT [=?V T.!VGE [=. V?C_B![?GE CG+.B C_V[ $. !$B. [G .C_B![. [=?V $.=!`?G_TM ?CIB. .E.T;c 'GE`.TV?GE CG+.BV B?A. [=. ?$.> GT [=. G_$B.>?$.>3_E'[?GEV %/Y* F/* H^8& !T. EG[ V_5'?.E[M ![=.T ! I=.EGC.EGBG;?'!B !IITG!'= !''GT+?E; [G GEV[?.E %^e& ?V .CIBGc.+ ?E [=?V $GGA [G CG+.B [=. .E.T;c 'GE`.TV?GE 'G_TV.M _T?E; ?E@.'[?GE* [=. 3_.B VIT!cV ?E[G [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T !E+ .`!IGT![.V +.I.E+?E; GE [=. ?E@.'[?GE IT.VV_T.* [=. 3_.B +.EV?[c* ?E@.'[GT EGddB. ;.GC.[Tc !E+ [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T.M =. !?T>3_.B T![?G ?V ?E=GCG;.E.G_V ?EV?+. [=. 'GC> $_V[?GE '=!C$.TM GE.V a?[= B.!E !E+ T?'= C?b[_T.V +.`.BGI +_T?E; ?E@.'[?GEM =. ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B .`!IGT![.V ?E[G +TGIV !E+ +TGIB.[VM
TG_E+ [=. +TGIV* ! ;!V.G_V .E`?TGEC.E[ +.`.BGIVM =. [.CI.T![_T. ?V ?E'T.!V?E; 3TGC [=. '.E[.T G3 .!'= +TGI [G ?[V V_T3!'. a=.T. ?[ T.!'=.V [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T [.CI.T![_T.M E !++?[?GE [G IT.VV_T.* [=. V.B3 ?E9!CC![?GE G3 .`!IGT![.+ 3_.B +.I.E+V GE [=.

/8

C!VV

C!VV

*:?:  

 

; 

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J:MYeK


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J:MYHK

!B_.V 3GT [=. +?4.T.E[ `!T?!$B.V B?A. `GB_C.  * [.CI.T![_T. H* IT.VV_T. 9 !E+ 7E!BBc [=. I?V[GE `.BG'?[c J2 T.V_B[ 3TGC [=. ITG'.VV '!B'_B![?GEM !T. E.;B.'[.+ $.'!_V. G3 [=.?T BGa ?E9_.E'. GE [=. =.![ 9! * 0 !E+ ,;  T.B.!V. 'GEV[!E[ .) M ?E!BBc [=. =.![ T.B.!V. 'GEV[!E[ ?E O_![?GE :M8F V?CIB?7.V [G J:MY^K .) 1 0.A ;

(8=8>

1 ;)G 31D ;<,31

=. .E.T;c 'GE`.TV?GE +_T?E; 'GC$_V[?GE 0- ?V '!B'_B![.+ 3TGC [=. $_TE[ 3_.B C!VV 3'.( @9.= M =. .E.T;c 'GE[.E[ G3 3_.BV ?V $!V.+ GE [=. BGa.T '!BGT?7' `!B_. +0B M !A?E; [=. BGa.T '!BGT?7' `!B_. +0B a. ;.[

!E+

0- 1 +0B  3'.( @9.= !

J:MY\K

"3'.( @9.= "0- 1 +0B  ; " "

J:MY:K


V 3'.( @9.= ?V [=. V_C G3 [=. !E;B.>+?V'T.[. $_TE[ 3_.B C!VV.V 3$ @9.= ( JO_!> !$" ?V '!B'_B![.+ $c C.!EV G3 [=. E_C.T?'!B [?GE :M8HK* [=. .E.T;c 'GE`.TV?GE !  +.T?`![?`. ?E .!'= V[.I 3$ @9.= ( "0- ( 1 +0B  ; " 

(8=8=

J:MY8K

1@*/5G 3" << /3E<

=. '=!E;. G3 .E[=!BIc +_T?E; '=!T;. .b'=!E;. '!E $. '!B'_B![.+ a?[= O_![?GEV ^MH !E+ ^M/M GT [=. ?EB.[ !E+ G_[B.[ 3GBBGaV + 

"3 "3 1 JI N   H K  " "

J:MYYK

"30@= "30@= 1 JI N   HK  ; " "

J:MYXK

+0@= 

=. [.CI.T![_T. H !E+ [=. ?E[.TE!B .E.T;c I G3 [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T ;!V C!c $. _V.+ 3GT '!B'_B![?GE G3 [=. .b=!_V[ ;!V .E[=!BIc +0@= M =?V ?V E.'.VV!Tc ?3 .M;M ! V_$V.O_.E[ [_T$G '=!T;.T V=!BB $. CG+.B.+M

F^

*:      

(8=8!

1@ ;1/ 1 ;)G 3" @* < *;)

=. ?E[.TE!B .E.T;c G3 [=. ;!V '=!T;. +.I.E+V GE [=. IT.VV_T. 9* [=. [.CI.T![_T. H !E+ [=. !?T>3_.B T![?G 1 ?EV?+. [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.TM [ '!E $. aT?[[.E ?E +?4.T.E[?!B 3GTC !V " "

1 1

"I "3 NI " " "H "9 :I :I "1 :I "3   3 N3  N3 NI ; :H " :1 " :9 " " J:MY/K

3


''GT+?E; [G %8/& [=. ?E9_.E'. G3 ?E>'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T. GE [=. ?E[.TE!B .E.T;c '!E $. E.;B.'[.+ !E+ 3@ 32 ?V V.[ [G d.TGM GT E_C.T?'!B '!B'_B![?GE O_![?GE :MY/ ?V [T!EV3GTC.+ ?E[G ! !cBGT>V.T?.V !TG_E+ [=. T.3.T.E'. [.CI.T![_T. H1 %8/& JH1 1 ^X\! H8KM =. ?E[.TE!B .E.T;c IJH! 1 K T.V_B[V !V  IJH! 1 K 1 H::! 8 

* e! e:/8  JH  H1 K+  He)  e! eFX8 N 1 ( 1 * # \! \Y N X! XY/ N 1 1  JH  H1 K,  He 1 * # :Y! : N :/F! Y N 1 +  JH  H1 K  He, 1  #

N

H\8Y! /

;

J:MYFK


3[.T I!T[?!B +?4.T.E[?![?GE G3 O_![?GE :MYF [=. +.I.E+.E'c G3 [=. ?E[.TE!B .E> 3@ 3@ GE [.CI.T![_T. !E+ 3, GE !?T>3_.B T![?G T.V_B[VM .T;c 3? 

(8=82

/C/@,31 3" @@ ;,/ <

?E!BBc* [=. [.CI.T![_T. H ?EV?+. [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T ?V '!B'_B![.+ $c C.!EV G3 [=. .E.T;c $!B!E'. :M8:M =.T.3GT. a. T.IB!'. !! ?E O_![?GE :MY/ [!A?E; ?E[G !''G_E[ [=. C!VV $!B!E'. :M^e !E+ [=. !VV_CI[?GE 3@ 32 1 eM "B "0- "3 "30@= "K=  N N +   +0@=  1 " " " " " * # "H :I "1 "3'.( @9.= "30@= :I "3  ; N3  NI N  13 :H " :1 " " " " 

!-

#.)#,  $" ?[= 1 !$0  ! ! ! !E+ [=. .E[=!BI?.V + 1 I N   H !E+ +0@= 1 I N   H G3 [=. C!VV 9GaV ?E O_![?GEV :MYY !E+ :MYX [=. [.CI.T![_T.

*:#:      



F\

3GBBGaV "H "

1

 "0- H I "B "K=   JH  K  3@ " +0B " " 3  3? "3 "30@= N JI  I N   H K  " "  :I "1 ; 3   :1 " J  HK 

E GT+.T [G V.[ _I !E .O_![?GE 3GT [=. IT.VV_T. ITG;T.VV?GE +?4.T.E[?![.+ ?+.!B ;!V O_![?GE :M8\ 3 "9 1 "

!? !

N3H

! !

NH

!!

9

J:MXeK

!2 !

! !



!

3TGC [=.

J:MXHK

[=. `GB_C. '=!E;. JV.. !BVG O_![?GE :M8YK !! * [=. [.CI.T![_T. '=!E;. !!? !JO_![?GE :MXeK [=. C!VV '=!E;. ! JO_![?GE :M^eK !E+ [=. !VV_CI[?GE  ! ! 1 e C_V[ $. ?EV.T[.+M

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E [=?V I!T!;T!I= [=. 7[[?E; G3 ?CIGT[!E[ 'GC$_V[?GE CG+.B I!T!C.[.TV ?V +.> V'T?$.+M =. CG+.B V=G_B+ $. `!B?+ ?E +?4.T.E[ GI.T![?E; IG?E[VM .GC.[T?' +![! G3 [=. CG+.B.+ .E;?E. !V a.BB !V C.!V_T.C.E[ +![! 3TGC !E .E;?E. [.V[ $.E'= !T. E.'.VV!Tc 3GT +?4.T.E[ GI.T![?E; IG?E[V M =. 'T?[?'!B I!T!C.[.TV G3 [=. .E.T;c 'GE`.TV?GE ITG'.VV !T. [=. ?E9!CC![?GE +.B!c [?C. G'! !E+ [=. +?4_V?GE 'GEV[!E[ !'$ $ %H^^&M
E !E!Bc[?'!B !IITG!'= V=!BB $. +.T?`.+ 3GT [=.V. [aG I!T!C.[.TVM =. ?E>'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T. !E+ [.CI.T![_T. !- $., 1 e* !!T. C.!V_T.+ +_T?E; 'GC$_V[?GEM =.E a. =!`. ! ! 1 e !E+  !!

!-

#.)#, 1 M ?[= [=. !VV_CI[?GE ! O_![?GE :M8\ '!E $. aT?[[.E !V

9 !? !

! !

1 e [=. +?4.T.E[?![.+ ?+.!B ;!V

"9 "H "3'.( @9.= " N  13 NH ; " " " "

J:MX^K

?V EGa T.IB!'.+ $c O_![?GE :MXeM 

" "9 9 N  " "

EV.T[?E;

!B, !

1



"0- I "B "K=  JH  K  " +0B " "  "3'.( @9.= :I "1 NH 3   ; J:MX\K :1 " " 3@ 3?

3TGC O_![?GE :M8X*



!, !

3TGC O_![?GE :MHF !E+

!-#.)#, !

3TGC

F:

*:       :eee

& .E.T;c 'GE`.TV?GE % 9!

G'!

\8ee

?E@.'[?GE 9Ga \eee



% 19!)% &

^8ee ^eee H8ee

G'!

Heee 8ee e

HYe

HXe

HFe

H/e

^ee

^^e

^He

'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. % 
&

   %FME%# %9%E0Q ;9N%EF3;9 9# 39.77J3;9 #%6Q J37%

O_![?GE :MY: ?E[G O_![?GE :MX\ a. ;.[  "9  I "B " "0- " N  3 1 3@   JH  K 9 9 " " " +0B " " 3?  H :I 1 H "0- "0- NH N3      ; J:MX:K :1 3$ @9.= +0B " +0B " =.T.3GT. [=. .E.T;c 'GE`.TV?GE ?V "0- 1 +0B  "

!0 !

N9

! !



HN

+0B  I N H 

3@ 3?

 

3@ 3?



N



N

 

, -.)#,



3@ 3?

3

!2 ! 3@ 3,



;

J:MX8K


''GT+?E; [G %F/&* [=. [?C. +.B!c $.[a..E [=. V[!T[ G3 ?E@.'[?GE !E+ [=. V[!T[ G3 .E.T;c 'GE`.TV?GE ?V [=. ?E9!CC![?GE +.B!cM E ?;_T. :MF [=. '!B'_B![.+ .E.T;c $" 'GE`.TV?GE ! ! !V a.BB !V [=. T.B![.+ 3_.B ?E@.'[?GE 9Ga !T. +.I?'[.+M =. !IITGb?C![?GE G3 [=. ?E9!CC![?GE +.B!c [?C. G'! ?E .O_![?GE :M:X 

G'! 1   9  $ -

J:MXYK

?V .b[.E+.+ $c ! [.TC a=?'= !BVG 'GEV?+.TV [=. ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B C!VV 3$ 

G'! 1   9  $ -  "  3#$ ;

J:MXXK

=. I!T!C.[.TV ! ! ! " !E+ $ !T. 7[[.+ _E[?B O_![?GE :MXX ?V `!B?+ ?E !BB .E;?E. GI.T![?GE IG?E[VM =. .`.E$.T;>!TO_!T+[ !B;GT?[=C %\Y& !E+ ?E?[?!B `!B_.V 3G_E+ ?E %H^^& !T. _V.+ 3GT [=. 7[[?E; ITG'.+_T.M ?;_T. :MHe V=GaV [=. C.!V_T.+ !E+ '!B'_B![.+ ?E9!CC![?GE +.B!c [?C.V 3GT +?4.T.E[ .E;?E. GI.T![?E; IG?E[VM

?E9!CC![?GE +.B!c %3C&

*:#:      

 C!?E>?E@.'[?GE

IT.>?E@.'[?GE

^

I!T[ BG!+

F8

3_BB BG!+

I!T[ BG!+

3_BB BG!+

H! 8 H e! 8 e

GI[?C?d.+ +![!

 C.!V_T.+ +![!
e

8

H8 ^e ^8 T.'GT+ E_C$.T

He

\e

\8

:e

!'$ $ % )%-'. & -

   6M6J%# 9# 7%FME%# 39.77J3;9 #%6Q J37% (;E #3)%E%9J ;=%EJ390 =;39JFA He I!T[ BG!+ / X Y 8 :e 8

3_BB BG!+


!'$ $

He

H8 T.'GT+ E_C$.T

T.'GEV[T_'[.+

 GI[?C?d.+ +![! ^e

^8

\e

   3)%E%9% %JO%%9 E%;9FJEMJ%# 9# 96QJ36 #3)MF3;9 ;9FJ9JA

=. V.'GE+ `!T?!$B. [G $. 7[[.+ ?V [=. +?4_V?GE 'GEV[!E[ !'$ $ ?E O_![?GE :M:8M
E .CI?T?'!B 3GTC_B! +.I.E+?E; GE [=. !`.T!;. I?V[GE `.BG'?[c CD- !E+ [=. !?T C!VV 3 ?EV?+. [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T ?V [!A.E %/^* F/&M !'$ $ 1 J N   CD-  3    3$ K  He !

J:MX/K

=. +?4_V?GE 'GEV[!E[ '!EEG[ $. +?T.'[Bc C.!V_T.+M =.T.3GT.* [aG V[.IV !T. E.'.VV!Tc [G 7[ [=. I!T!C.[.TV ! !  ?E O_![?GE :MX/ 3GT [=. +?4_V?GE 'GEV[!E[ !'$ $ [G ! T.!B .E;?E.) HM =. +?4_V?GE 'GEV[!E[ !'$ $ ?E O_![?GE :M:8 ?V CG+?7.+ +_T?E; [=. V?C> _B![?GE _E[?B C.!V_T.+ !E+ '!B'_B![.+ IT.VV_T. +![! 7[ ![ +?4.T.E[ .E;?E. GI.T![?GE IG?E[VM =?V c?.B+V ! T.'GEV[T_'[.+ +?4_V?GE 'GEV[!E[ ![ .!'= .E> ;?E. GI.T![?E; IG?E[* a=?'= ?V !+GI[.+ ?EV[.!+ G3 [=. EGE>C.!V_T!$B. GE.M ^M =. I!T!C.[.TV !  !E+  ?E [=. !E!Bc[?'!B !IITG!'= JO_![?GE :MX/K !T. EGa 7[[.+ 3GT !BB +?4.T.E[ GI.T![?E; IG?E[V G3 [=. .E;?E. [G [=. T.'GE> V[T_'[.+ +?4_V?GE 'GEV[!E[ G3 V[.I HM E?[?!B `!B_.V '!E $. 3G_E+ ?E %^e&M =. .`.E$.T;>!TO_!T+[ !B;GT?[=C ?V !BVG _V.+ 3GT [=?V ITG'.+_T.M ?;_T. :MHH V=GaV [=. T.V_B[V 3GT [=. 7[[?E; G3 [=. +?4_V?GE 'GEV[!E[M

(8!84

,0C/@,31 ;
E ?;_T. :MH^ [=. '!B'_B![.+ !E+ C.!V_T.+ ?E>'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T. !E+ [=. T.> 'GEV[T_'[.+ .E.T;c 'GE`.TV?GE T![.V !T. 'GCI!T.+ 3GT +?4.T.E[ .E;?E. GI.T![?E;

*:      

IT.VV_T. %@&

Ye

HFYY 3,5  :e /! YY 3(  N0$ ^e e H^e

H:e HYe H/e ^ee ^^e 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. % 
&

^:e

'GE`.TV?GE T![. % 9! &

FY

H8/^ 3,5  :e H\! ^H 3(  N0$ ^e ^:e

'GE`.TV?GE T![. % 9! &

IT.VV_T. %@&

Ye

H:e HYe H/e ^ee ^^e 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. % 
&

8e

H:e HYe H/e ^ee ^^e 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. % 
&

^:e

'GE`.TV?GE T![. % 9! &

IT.VV_T. %@&

^^Ye 3,5 HX! /\ 3(  N0$

e H^e

8e

H:e HYe H/e ^ee ^^e 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. % 
&

^:e

'GE`.TV?GE T![. % 9! &

IT.VV_T. %@&

HeeY 3,5 \^! \^ 3(  N0$

e H^e

/#0 .344:3 .3,#344&,+ " :eH8 3,5 \8! 8\ 3(  N0$

Hee

e H^e

H:e HYe H/e ^ee ^^e 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. % 
&

H:e HYe H/e ^ee ^^e 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. % 
&

^:e

Yeee :eee ^eee e H^e

H:e HYe H/e ^ee ^^e 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. % 
&

^:e

:eee

^eee

e H^e

H:e HYe H/e ^ee ^^e 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. % 
&

^:e

Heeee

8eee

e H^e

H:e HYe H/e ^ee ^^e 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. % 
&

^:e

/$0 +3#> ,+;34&,+ 37 "

^:e

/&0 .344:3 .3,#344&,+

.!V_T.C.E[ +![!

'GE`.TV?GE T![. % 9! &

IT.VV_T. %@&

^ee

e H^e

/0 +3#> ,+;34&,+ 37 8

/0 .344:3 .3,#344&,+ 8 Hee

Heee

/0 +3#> ,+;34&,+ 37 9

/0 .344:3 .3,#344&,+ 9 Hee

^eee

/0 +3#> ,+;34&,+ 37 -

/0 .344:3 .3,#344&,+ -

e H^e

\eee

:eee

^eee

e H^e

H:e HYe H/e ^ee ^^e 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. % 
&

/'0 +3#> ,+;34&,+ 37

?C_B![?GE +![!

   ;7=E3F;9 ;( 7%FME%# =E%FFME% EJ%F 9# F37M6J%# #JA

^:e

*:3: 
 

FX

IG?E[VM E !BB GI.T![?GE IG?E[V ! IT.> !E+ ! C!?E>?E@.'[?GE a!V _V.+M =. .E;?E. VI..+* .E;?E. BG!+* ?E@.'[?GE IT.VV_T.* 'cB?E+.T '=!T;. !E+ ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B C!VV !T. `!T?.+M =. 'GTT.B![?GE $.[a..E [=. C.!V_T.C.E[ !E+ !E!Bc[?'!B '!B'_B![?GE +![! !II.!TV [G $. V_5'?.E[Bc !''_T![.* 3GT [=. IT.VV_T. '!B'_B![?GE !V a.BB !V 3GT [=. .E.T;c 'GE`.TV?GEM =. +.`?![?GE G3 [=. V?C_B![.+ 3TGC [=. T.!B IT.VV_T. ?V $.BGa 8L ?E !BCGV[ !BB GI.T![?E; IG?E[VM EBc ![ BGa .E;?E. VI..+ !E+ B!T;. ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B C!VV.V* [=. +.`?![?GE ?E'T.!V.V _I [G /L J?;_T. :MH^J;KKM

(82

33@
;C 0 1@

GG[ ?V ! C!@GT ITG$B.C G3 +?.V.B>.E;?E. 'GC$_V[?GEM Xe [G FeL G3 I!T[?'_B![. .C?VV?GEV G3 ! +?.V.B .E;?E. ?V VGG[M [ ?V ;.E.T![.+ +_T?E; ?E'GCIB.[. 'GC$_V[?GE G3 3_.B +_. [G BG'!B Gbc;.E +.7'?.E'c ?E [=. ?E=GCG;.E.G_V 3_.BZ!?T>;!V C?b[_T.M =?V 'GE+?[?GE C!?EBc G''_TV a=.E [=. 3_.B ?V ?E@.'[.+ +?T.'[Bc ?E[G [=. 9!C. %:e&M =.T.$c* [=. CGB.'_B.V G3 [=. +?.V.B 3_.B !T. +?VT_I[.+ $.'!_V. [=. 'GC$_V[?GE [.CI.T![_T. ?E'T.!V.V !E+ [=. 'GE'.E[T![?GE G3 Gbc;.E +.'T.!V.VM c+TG;.E ?V .C?[[.+ !E+ '!_V.V ! IGBcC.T?d![?GEM =. 'GC$_V[?GE `.BG'?[c G3 [=. IGBcC.T?d.+ CGB.'_B.V ?V BGaM =_V* [=.c !'[ !V EGE>?E9!CC!$B. VGG[ ;.E.T![GTVM GG[ !''T_.V ?E T?'= C?b[_T.+ dGE.V a?[=?E [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T* a=.T. `.Tc BGa 1 >`!B_.V !E+ !E ?E=GCG;.E.G_V BG!+ !T. BG'![.+M =.T.3GT.* VGG[ !'> 'T_.C.E[ '!EEG[ $. '!B'_B![.+ ?E ! V?CIB. a!cM . [=.T.3GT. [_TE [G I=.EGC.EG> BG;?'!B !IITG!'=.VM =. I=.EGC.EGBG;?'!B !IITG!'= G3 ?TGc_A? %8e& !E+ G_BG_'=GV %HH\& 'GC> $?E.V [=. VGG[ !''T_.C.E[ !E+ ?[V Gb?+![?GEM =. $!B!E'. "3;00= 9@# "3;00= 0C'!='0. "3;00= 1  ; " " "

J:MXFK

c?.B+V [=. VGG[ C!VV ![ [=. .E+ G3 [=. 'GC$_V[?GE 'c'B. JV.. ?;_T.V :MH\ !E+ :MH:KM GG[ !''T_.C.E[ * # *. # "3$ 9 H;00= 9@# "3;00= 9@# J:M/eK 1
   .bI " " 99#$ H +.I.E+V GE [=. !'[?`![?GE [.CI.T![_T. H;00= 9@# !E+ [=. T.3.T.E'. IT.VV_T. 99#$ ?E [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.TM
 ?V [=. 'GEV[!E[ G3 VGG[ !''T_.C.E[M =. VGG[ Gb?+![?GE ?V * # *. # H 9  "3;00= 0C'!='0. H0C'!='0.  J:M/HK 1
1   3.;00=  .bI " G&9 9 9#$ H a=.T.
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*:      

VGG[ !''T_.C.E[ !E+ Gb?+![?GE %4(E 'T!EAV=!3[!E;B.&

F/

Ye

8e

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:e

VGG[ Gb?+![?GE \e

^e

He e H8e

HYe

HXe

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^\e

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   ;;J EM%7%9J EJ3; >F;63# 639%? 9# F;;J ;P3#J3;9 EJ3; >#F1%# 639%? ;N%E E95F1(J 906%

^ee H/e HYe

VGG[ C!VV %4(&

H:e H^e Hee /e Ye :e ^e e H8e HYe HXe H/e HFe ^ee ^He ^^e ^\e ^:e ^8e ^Ye ^Xe ^/e ^Fe \ee 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. % &

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3[.T V.`.T!B c.!TV G3 GI.T![?GE [=?V '=!T!'[.T?V[?' VB?;=[Bc !;.VM =.T.3GT. [=. CGV[ V[!$B. C.!V_T?E; T!E;. G3 [=. '=!T!'[.T?V[?' ?V [!A.E 3GT 'GE[TGB I_TIGV.VM ?;_T. 8MH^ V=GaV* [=![ ?[ ?V BG'![.+ ?E [=. V[..I B?E.!T T!E;. G3 [=. '=!T!'[.T?V[?'M =. V.EV?[?`?[c 3!'[GT ?E [=?V T!E;. ?V  M _[V?+. [=. C.!V_T.C.E[ T!E;. [=. '=!T!'[.T?V[?' ?V '_[ G4M =. '.E[.T G3 [=. C.!V_T.C.E[ T!E;. 11 ?V EG[ ![ [=. +.V?T.+ T.3.T.E'. `!B_. 19#$ $_[ ?V +.[.TC?E.+ .b'B_V?`.Bc $c [=. V[!$?B?[c G3 [=. '=!T!'[.T?V[?'M =. B!C$+! T.3.T.E'. `!B_. 19#$ C_V[ =Ga.`.T B?. a?[=?E [=. T!E;. %11  1 ! 11 N 1 &M =. G4V.[ G3 11 !;!?EV[ [=. T.3.T.E'. `!B_. 19#$ '!E $. 'GCI.EV![.+ .M;M $c ! +?T.'[?GE> +.I.E+!E[ ?E[.;T!B [?C. 'GEV[!E[ G3 [=.  'GE[TGBB.TM

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[ [=. ?EI_[ G3 [=. 'GE[TGBB.T ! EGE>B?E.!T 3_E'[?GE ?V T.IT.V.E[?E; [=. T!E;. '_[>G4M =. 'BGV.+ BGGI>'GE[TGB '?T'_?[ 'GCIT?V.V ! EGE>B?E.!T .B.C.E[ !E+ ! +.B!c [?C.M =.T.3GT. ?[ I.T3GTCV ! B?C?[ 'c'B.M GT !E !E!Bc[?' '!B'_B![?GE [=. C.[=G+ G3 [=. =!TCGE?' $!B!E'. %^:& ?V _V.+ a=.T. [=. ?EI_[ G3 [=. EGE>B?E.!T .B.C.E[ T.'.?`.V ! V?E. 3_E'[?GE a?[= [=. B?C?[ 'c'B. !CIB?[_+. 1% ) 1JFK 1 1%  V?EJ8% FK

J8MHXK

TGC [=. G_[I_[ V?;E!B  JFK GEBc [=. 7TV[ [.TC  JFK G3 ! G_T?.T .bI!EV?GE ?V [!A.EM =?V !IITG!'= ?V @_V[?7.+ $c [=. 3!'[ [=![ =?;=.T GT+.T GV'?BB![?GEV ?E [=. G_T?.T .bI!EV?GEV !T. C_'= CGT. +!CI.+ ?E [=. 'GE[TGB BGGI [=!E [=. 7TV[

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1

=. [?C. F1 ?V ;?`.E $c [=. T![?G G3 1 [G 1% ) * # H 1 F1 1 !T'V?E 8% 1% GB`?E; [=. ?E[.;T!B !E+ +?`?+?E; $c 1% B.!+V [G ! ;!?E  J1% K G3 [=. EGEB?E.!T .B.C.E[ 3GT [=. 7TV[ G_T?.T [.TC) & / * *, # # 1  ^ 1 + 1 N H 1  $!T'V?E  J1% K 1 1% = 1% 1% 1% 3 [=. G_[I_[ T!E;. ?V V[TGE;Bc B?C?[.+* C.!E?E; 1  1% * [=. ;!?E '!E $. !IITGb?C![.+ $c) # * : 1  J8MH/K  J1% K  = 1% . !VV_C. [=. 'GE[TGBB.T [G $. ! >.B.C.E[ a?[= [=. 3GBBGa?E; V[T_'[_T.) H N  C H  ' C 

J8MHFK

=. 3!'[GT  T.IT.V.E[V [=. V[.!+c>V[![. T.B![?GEV=?I $.[a..E 'GE[TGBB.T `!T?!$B. !E+ !?T>3_.B T![?G 1M ?TV[ [=. [?C. I!T!C.[.T  ?V '=GV.E [G 'GCI.EV![. [=. [?C. B!; + # G3 [=. .E;?E.) J8M^eK    + #

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.'!_V. + # +.I.E+V V[TGE;Bc GE [=. GI.T![?GE IG?E[ G3 [=. .E;?E.*  E..+V [G $. !+!I[.+M ?;_T. 8MH8 V=GaV [=. T.V_B[?E; V[T_'[_T. G3 [=. 'GE[TGB BGGI !3[.T 'GCI.EV![?GEM =. GI.E>BGGI [T!EV3.T 3_E'[?GE T.V_B[V [G JCK 1  J1% K

H H  $ ; C  ' 

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!E+ [=. GI.E>BGGI 3T.O_.E'c T.VIGEV. [G J-8K 1  J1% K

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=. V[!$?B?[c B?C?[ G3 [=. 'BGV.+>BGGI VcV[.C ?V ![ J-8K 1 H ;

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O_![?GE 8M^F +.[.TC?E.V [=. C?E?C_C `!B_. G3 [=. ?E[.;T![?GE [?C. 'GEV[E!E[ ' M GEV.O_.E[Bc [=. B!C$+! 'GE[TGB BGGI T.!'[V T.B![?`.Bc VBGa [G +cE!C?' [T!EV?[?GEV $.[a..E GI.T![?E; IG?E[V JV.. !BVG ?;_T. 8M^eKM _T?E; BGE; [T!EV?.E[ [?C.V* [=. B!C$+! `!B_. B.!`.V [=. \ L a?E+GaM E V_'= V?[_![?GEV* EGb?G_V .C?VV?GEV !T. EG BGE;.T T.+_'.+ $c [=. '![!Bc[?' 'GE`.T[.TM

&848&


3 a. !VV_C. [=. `GB_C. G3 [=. '![!Bc[?' 'GE`.T[.T [G $. !TG_E+   e;eHY 3+ * [=.E ?[ 'GE[!?EV !E !?T C!VV G3 !$G_[ 3 1 e;e^ .( J!E+ EGb?G_V .b=!_V[ ;!V.VKM
[ 3_BB .E;?E. BG!+ !E+ VI..+* ! C!VV !?T 9Ga G3 3 -  1 Yee .(E+ V=!BB T_E [=TG_;= -   H^e 3C ?E [=. '![!Bc[?' 'GE`.T[.TM [=. .b=!_V[ I?I.M [ a?BB V[!c F 1 3 E3
[ .E;?E. ?+B?E;* C!VV !?T 9Ga C?;=[ $. ![ Y .(ECM =?V aG_B+ V[!c F  H^ C ?E [=. 'GE`.T[.TM =. 3T.O_.E'c G3 [=. B!C$+! 'GE[TGB B?C?[ 'c'B. C_V[ [=.T.3GT. $. !$G`.  e;H O ![ ?+B?E;*  He O ![ 3_BB BG!+ !E+ VI..+M

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?;_T. 8MHX V=GaV C.!V_T.C.E[ T.V_B[V G3 [=. B!C$+! 'GE[TGB 3!'[GT , ![ !E !IITGb?C![.Bc V[![?GE!Tc GI.T![?E; IG?E[ G3 [=. .E;?E.M Gb?G_V .C?VV?GEV !E+ 1 $.3GT. !E+ !3[.T '![!Bc[?' [T.![C.E[ !T. V=GaE ?E GE. +?!;T!CM
[ V[![?GE!Tc .E;?E. GI.T![?GE [=. '![!Bc[?' 'GE`.T[.T =!V ! =?;= 'GE`.TV?GE T![?GM ?;_T.V 8MH/ !E+ 8MHF V=Ga C.!V_T.C.E[ T.V_B[V G3 [=. B!C$+! 'GE[TGB +_T?E; +cE!C?' .E;?E. [T!EV?.E[V G3 ! +T?`?E; [.V[ 'c'B.M G[![?GE!B VI..+ !E+ BG!+ `!Tc ! BG[ +_T?E; !''.B.T![?GE !E+ +.'.B.T![?GEM
[ +cE!C?' .E;?E. [T!EV?.E[V a. G$V.T`. 3!V[ TG[![?GE!B VI..+ `!T?![?GEV .M;M '!_V.+ $c ;.!T '=!E;.VM ?E'. [=. ?E[.;T![?GE [?C. 'GEV[!E[ ?V B?C?[.+ $c [=. B!C$+! 'GE[TGB B?C?[ 'c'B. !CIB?[_+.* C?VC!['=.V G''_T a=.T. [=. B!C$+! a?E+Ga ?V B.3[ !E+ =?;= I.!AV G3 EGb?G_V .C?VV?GEV !T. ;.E.T![.+M

&848>


5@,D 0 31@;3/

=. +cE!C?' I.T3GTC!E'. G3 [=. B!C$+! 'GE[TGB ?V V[TGE;Bc T.V[T?'[.+ $c [=. 3GBBGa?E; I!T!C.[.TV)  ;?`.E +.B!c [?C. G3 [=. .E;?E. ! # JV.. .'[?GE 8MHM\K  !CIB?[_+. G3 B?C?[ 'c'B. 1% 2 \ L JV.. O_![?GE 8M\eK =. ?E[.;T![?GE [?C. 'GEV[!E[ ' G3 [=. 'GE[TGBB.T ?V 'GEV[T!?E.+ [G [=. BGa.T B?C?[ ;?`.E ?E O_![?GE 8M^FM
[ .E;?E. [T!EV?.E[V [G !EG[=.T GI.T![?E; IG?E[* [=. !'[_!B B!C$+! E..+V _I [G V.`.T!B V.'GE+V 3GT !TT?`?E; $!'A [G [=. V[G?'=?GC.[T?' C?b[_T. JV.. ?;_T. 8M^eKM _T?E; [=?V [T!EV?[?GE [?C. [=. B!C$+! a?E+Ga ?V B.3[M E [=?V V.'[?GE [=. T.C!?E?E; 'GE[TGB .TTGTV V=!BB $. .B?C?E![.+ $c !E !+!I[?`. 3..+>3GTa!T+ 'GE[TGBM c [=![ [=. GT?;?E!B B!C$+! 'GE[TGB ?V T.B?.`.+ 3TGC 'GCI.EV![?E; C?VC!['=.V ?E [T!EV?.E[VM
6AA-42 4#  !! ,#4
42A<40 6

=. B!C$+! 'GE[TGB BGGI 'GCI.EV![.V .TTGTV G3 [=. !?T>3_.B T![?G $c ! C_B[?> IB?'![?`. 'GTT.'[?GE 3!'[GT , M =.V. B!C$+! 'GTT.'[?GE 3!'[GTV !T. V[GT.+ ?E[G ! 3..+>3GTa!T+ 'GE[TGB C!I ?E !BB .E;?E. GI.T![?E; IG?E[VM EV[.!+ G3 I.T3GTC?E; [=. .TTGT 'GCI.EV![?GE $c [=. GT?;?E!B B!C$+! 'GE[TGB BGGI* ?[ '!E EGa $. I.T> 3GTC.+ $c [=. T?;=[ , 3TGC [=. 3..+>3GTa!T+ 'GE[TGB C!I a?[=G_[ [?C. +.B!cM =. B!C$+! C?VC!['=.V +_T?E; [T!EV?.E[V !T. [=_V G`.T'GC.M =. ITG$B.C ?V =Ga [G !+!I[ [=. 'GTT.'[?GE 3!'[GTV , ?E [=. 3..+>3GTa!T+ 'GE[TGB C!I* a=.E VGC. .E;?E. GI.T![?E; IG?E[V !T. GEBc `.Tc T!T.Bc `?V?[.+* +_. [G VI.'?!B =!$?[V G3 ?E+?`?+_!B +T?`.TVM `.E[_!BBc !E !+!I[![?GE ?V .`.E ?CIGV> V?$B.M ?;= EGb?G_V .b=!_V[ .C?VV?GEV aG_B+ [=_V T.C!?E +_T?E; [T!EV?.E[V ?E[G [=.V. T!T.Bc `?V?[.+ GI.T![?GE IG?E[VM =.T.3GT. ! ;BG$!BBc `!B?+ B!C$+! 'GCI.E> V![?GE !IITG!'= ?V _V.+ T![=.T [=!E ! BG'!B !+!I[![?GE G3 'GTT.'[?GE 3!'[GTV ?E !BB .E;?E. GI.T![?E; IG?E[VM

03" 75F@700$@

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=. !?T>3_.B T![?G .TTGTV !T. !VV_C.+ [G 'GEV?V[ G3 [aG 'GCIGE.E[V J?;_T. 8M^HK)


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[ C.+?_C GT =?;= IGa.T G_[I_[* [=. T.B![?`. .TTGT 3TGC [=. G4V.[ C!c $. E.;B.'[.+M
E .b!CIB. ?V !?T B.!A!;. $cI!VV?E; [=. C!VV !?T 9Ga C.[.TM

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E .b!CIB. ?V [=. !?T +.EV?[c .TTGT ![ 9!I [cI. !?T 9Ga C.[.TVM =?V V?CIB?7.+ .TTGT CG+.B ?V V_IIGT[.+ $c IT!'[?'!B .bI.T?.E'. ?E .E;?E. C!E> !;.C.E[ VcV[.CVM

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1 1

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1

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11 1

J8M\:K

E [=. !$V.E'. G3 .TTGTV* , aG_B+ =!`. $..E .O_!B [G H JV[G?'=?GC.[T?'KM =. ITG+_'[ 3 - ,  H J8M\8K 3 -1 T.'G`.TV [=. _E'GTT_I[.+ !?T>3_.B T![?GM =. 'GE[TGB G_[I_[ ?V BGa>I!VV 7B[.T.+ ?E[G  , !E+ ?V V[GT.+ ?E ! EGE>`GB![?B. C.CGTc ![ C.+?_C !E+ =?;= .E;?E. IGa.T G_[I_[VM J8M\YK ' 1  , !A?E; !+`!E[!;. G3 [=. 'GCI.EV![?GE 3!'[GT ' * [=. 'GTT.'[.+ C!VV !?T 9Ga - M 3 -  1 '!E $. '!B'_B![.+ 3TGC [=. C.!V_T.+ GE. 3 -3 -1 '  3

J8M\XK

c !IIB?'![?GE G3 ' * [=. ;T!+?.E[ G3 [=. B!C$+! '=!T!'[.T?V[?' ?V [_TE.+ $!'A [G 11 M $MK =?V ?V EGa .CIBGc.+ ![ 04F .E;?E. IGa.T G_[I_[VM =. !++?[?`. G4V.[ .TTGT 3 -  '!E EG BGE;.T $. E.;B.'[.+M 3 -1

1 3 -  1 N 3 - 11

J8M\/K

EV.T[?E; O_![?GE 8M\: !E+ 8M\Y a. ;.[ -   '  3 - 3 -  1 1 '  3

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J8M\FK

=. B!C$+! 'GE[TGB BGGI ;.E.T![.V ! C_B[?IB?'![?`. 'GTT.'[?GE 3!'[GT , !BVG ![ BGa .E;?E. IGa.T G_[I_[M [ ?V !`.T!;.+ [G V_IIT.VV [=. B?C?[ 'c'B.M  0 1  ,

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=. 'GTT.'[ C!VV !?T 9Ga '!E $. '!B'_B![.+ !V - 3 -  1 1  0  3

;

J8M:HK

'MK
E !++?[?GE!B 'GE[TGB BGGI 3GT 'GCI.EV![?E; [=. !++?[?`. .TTGT ?V EGa ?E> V[!BB.+M .T;?E; O_![?GE 8M\F !E+ 8M:H c?.B+V  0  ' 3 - 1 3 - '

;

J8M:^K

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ITG$B.C !T. ;!V I.+!B CG`.C.E[V G3 [=. +T?`.T ![ ?+B?E;M =.c CG+_B![. [=. !'[_![?GE `!T?!$B. ?E 'GCI.[?[?GE [G [=. 'GE[TGB !'[_![GT* a=?'= !BVG `!T?.V [=. V!C. `!T?!$B.M =.E [=. +T?`.T .M;M VBGaBc ?E'T.!V.V [=. C!VV !?T 9Ga ?E  .E;?E.V* [=. 'GE[TGBB.T a?BB T.+_'. ?[V !'[_![GT V?;E!B ?E GT+.T [G T.;_B![. [=. VI..+ [G [=. T.3.T.E'. B.`.BM 3 ?E ! E.b[ V[.I [=. +T?`.T aG_B+ T.B.!V. [=. ;!V I.+!B* [=. 'GE[TGB !'[_![?GE [!A.V VGC. [?C. [G !+!I[ [G [=?VM ?[= !E ?CITGI.T +.V?;E* [=. .E;?E. C?;=[ V[!BB ?E V_'= V?[_![?GEVM =. 'GE[TGB V'=.C. G3  .E;?E.V IT.V.E[.+ ?E [=?V V.'[?GE C.!V_T.V [=. .E;?E. VI..+ !E+ .V[?C![.V [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T.M =. +cE!C?' $.=!`?GT G3 [=. 'GE[TGB BGGI ?V +.[.TC?E.+ $c [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+ JV.. .'[?GE \M^MYK* [=. .E.T;c

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=. .E;?E. ?V ! ^M\ B?[.T : 'cB?E+.T 

 ITG+_'[?GE .E;?E.M =. C.!V_T.+ `!T?!$B.V !T. [=. V!C. !V [=. GE.V _V.+ 3GT .E;?E. 'GE[TGBM
V'=.C![?' I?'[_T. G3 [=. .E;?E. ?V V=GaE ?E ?;_T. YMHeM =. .E;?E. =!V .B.'[TGE?' [=TG[[B. 'GE[TGB J+T?`.>$c>a?T.K* a=?'= ?V ! >V.T`G 'GE[TGBB.+ $c !  'GE[TGBB.TM =. !?T ?E[!A. VcV[.C ?V .`.Tc[=?E; [G [=. B.3[ G3 [=. +!V=.+ B?E.M
BVG [=. .E;?E. VI..+ C_V[ $. [!A.E ?E[G !''G_E[ $.'!_V. ?[ !4.'[V [=. !CG_E[ G3 !?T [=![ ?V +T!aE ?E[G [=. .E;?E.M =. >.E;?E. ?V ! EGE>B?E.!T IB!E[ !E+ ?[ =!V $..E ?E+?'![.+ ?E ! IT.>V[_+c [=![ +?!;EGV?V $!V.+ GE ! B?E.!T CG+.B ?V EG[ V_5'?.E[ 3GT +?!;EGV?E; !E .E;?E.M =?V =!V !BVG $..E 'GE'B_+.+ $c G[=.T !_[=GTV %\8&%XH&M =?V CG[?`![.V [=. '=G?'. G3 ! EGE>B?E.!T CG+.BM =. CG+.B G3 [=. !?T ?E[!A. VcV[.C ?V 'GE[?E_G_V !E+ 'GEV?V[V G3 [aG I!T[V* [=. [=TG[[B. CG+.B !E+ [=. !?T +cE!C?'VM =. CG+.B `!T?!$B.V !E+ [=.?T _E?[V !T. V_CC!T?d.+ !E+ .bIB!?E.+ ?E !$B. YMHM =. EG[![?GE ?V !BCGV[ [=. V!C. !V ?E IT.`?G_V '=!I[.TV $_[ a?[= VGC. C?EGT +.`?![?GEV V?E'. [=![ C!A.V ?[ .!V?.T [G .bIB!?E [=. ?+.E[?7'![?GE !'[_!BBc +GE.M =. [=TG[[B. +cE!C?'V ?V CG+.B.+ _V?E; ! V[!E+!T+ CG+.B 3GT !E .B.'[T?'!B V.T`G !V ! V.'GE+ GT+.T B?E.!T VcV[.C ?E a=?'= [=. V[![.V !T. [=. [=TG[[B. !E;_B!T VI..+ !E+ [=. [=TG[[B. !E;B.M E !++?[?GE [G [=![ [=. BG!+ [GTO_.* =& * ;.E.T![.+ $c [=. !?T 9Ga GE [=. [=TG[[B. IB![. ?V .bIB?'?[Bc CG+.B.+ _V?E; ! C!I* +=& M =. BG!+ [GTO_. CG+.B aG_B+ [cI?'!BBc EG[ $. E..+.+ 3GT 'GE[TGB +.V?;E* V?E'. GE. aG_B+ EGTC!BBc ?EV[.!+ C!A. ! +.V?;E TG$_V[ [G [=?V BG!+M Ga.`.T* 3GT +?!;EGV?V I_TIGV.V ?[ ?V E..+.+M =. .O_![?GEV +.V'T?$?E; [=. [=TG[[B. !T. 8- =& - =& =&

1 1

8=& N JIJFK  =& K 8

JYMFK JYMHeK

1

+=& J9- ! 3 -  '. ! = K

JYMHHK

?:>:
 
  
  -
 
 

HYF

   ;#%6 NE36%F 9# M93JFA

I %& 9- %A!&  % ZJ; K& H- % & - %C+ & 3 -  '. %A;ZV&

3 -  %A;ZV& ' ( = %+.;& =& +=&

5 %TIC&

[=. G_[I_[ 3TGC [=. [=TG[[B. 'GE[TGBB.T C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. [=. ;!V 'GEV[!E[ C!E?3GB+ !?T [.CI.T![_T. a=?'= ?V !VV_C.+ [G $. .O_!B [G [=. !C$?.E[ [.CI.T![_T. C!E?3GB+ `GB_C. !?T C!VV 9Ga ?E[G [=. C!E?3GB+ !VV_C.+ .O_!B [G [=. !?T 9Ga I!V[ [=. !?T C!VV 9Ga C.[.T !?T C!VV 9Ga G_[ 3TGC [=. C!E?3GB+ V[![?' 3_E'[?GE +.V'T?$?E; [=. 9Ga I!V[ [=. [=TG[[B. V[![?' 3_E'[?GE +.V'T?$?E; [=. 9Ga ?E[G [=. 'cB?E+.TV J`GB_C.[T?' .5'?.E'cK [=TG[[B. !E;B. EGTC!B?d.+ [GTO_. GE [=. [=TG[[B. IB![. ;.E.T![.+ $c [=. !?T 9Ga I!V[ [=. [=TG[[B. V[![?' 3_E'[?GE +.V'T?$?E; [=. [GTO_. GE [=. [=TG[[B. IB![. ;.E.T![.+ $c [=. !?T 9Ga I!V[ [=. [=TG[[B. .E;?E. VI..+

E [=. !?T VcV[.C !IIB?'![?GE [=.T. ?V EG E..+ 3GT .b[T.C.Bc 3!V[ 3!_B[ +.[.'> [?GE* !E+ [=.T.3GT. ! C.!E `!B_. CG+.B %:\& !V +.T?`.+ ?E .'[?GE \M^MY ?V '=GV.E* a=?'= C.!EV [=![ EG a?[=?E 'c'B. `!T?![?GEV !T. 'G`.T.+ $c [=. CG+.BM _T[=.T* .`.E ?3 `!T?![?GEV ?E !C$?.E[ IT.VV_T. !E+ [.CI.T![_T. +G !4.'[ [=. VcV[.C* [=.c !T. =.T. !VV_C.+ [G $. VBGaBc `!Tc?E;M =. 3_E+!C.E[!B CG+.B _V.+ ?V O_!> " [?GE \M8eM =. [?C. 'GEV[!E[ 3TGC O_![?GE \M8H* G 1 ? " * ?V aT?[[.E G_[ 3GT ?+.E[?7'![?GE I_TIGV.V .bIB!?E.+ $.BGaM =. !?T C!VV G_[ G3 [=. ?E[!A. ?E[G [=. 'cB?E+.T* 3 -  * ?V CG+.B.+ !V ?E O_![?GE \M:F a?[= ! C!I ' 1 (J9- ! 5KM =. !?T 9Ga I!VV?E; [=. [=TG[[B. ?E[G [=. ?E[!A.* 3 -  '. * ?V !BVG CG+.B.+ !V ! C!I !V ?E O_![?GE \M\X $_[ I!T!C.[.T?d.+ ?E IT.VV_T. !E+ [=TG[[B. !E;B. !V ?E+?'![.+ ?E [=. I!T!;T!I= $.3GT. [=![ .O_![?GEM =. T.V_B[?E; CG+.B ?V 9--

1

3 -  '.

1 1

3 - 

HJ3 -  '.  3 -  K ' J9- ! = K (J9- ! 5K

JYMH^K JYMH\K JYMH:K

=. !?T +cE!C?'V CG+.B [=_V =!V GE. V[![. a=?'= ?V [=. C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T.* 9-- M =. V[![?' 3_E'?[GE (J9- ! 5K ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G ' J5! 9- K ?E .'[?GE \M^MYM

HXe

?: 
 

G 3!T 3!_B[V =!`. EG[ $..E 'GEV?+.T.+* VG 'GBB.'[?E; [=. CG+.B .O_![?GEV +.V'T?$.V[=.'GCIB.[.3!_B[3T..CG+.B!V

8- =& - =& =&

1 1

8=& N JIJFK  =& K 8=&

JYMH8K JYMHYK

1

JYMHXK

9--

1

3 -  '. 3 - 

1 1

+J9- ! 3 -  '. ! = K HJ3 -  '.  3 -  K ' J9- ! = K (J9- ! 5K

JYMH/K JYMHFK JYM^eK

=. 7E!B CG+.B?E; V[.I ?V EGa [G ?E[TG+_'. [=. 3!_B[V* !E+ [G +.7E. !`!?B!$B. ?E3GTC![?GE ?E [.TCV G3 ?EI_[V !E+ G_[I_[VM =. ITG'.VV ?EI_[V 3GT [=. +?!;EGV?V CG+.B !T. [=. [=TG[[B. 'GE[TGB V?;E!B I* !E+ [=. .E;?E. VI..+ 5M =. G_[I_[V !T. -  '. ; * !E+ C!E?3GB+ [=TG[[B. !E;B. V.EVGT V?;E!B = ; * C!VV !?T 9Ga V.EVGT V?;E!B 3 IT.VV_T. V.EVGT V?;E!B 9- ; M =. 3!_B[V !T. CG+.B.+ !V !++?[?`. 3!_B[VM =. 7E!B CG+.B ?V V=GaE ?E ?;_T. YMHHM I$ @+= +=& =& 9#$ 

[=TG[[B. I 'GE[TGBB.T





 8=&  ; ;

=

'

3 '.

>V.T`G

 ;

 

9-

( =& $ @+= 3 '. $ @+=



= ;



3 '. ;

5

9- $ @+= 

9- ;

   1% 7;#%6 ;( J1% 3E 39J5% FQFJ%7 396M#390 J1% J1E;JJ6% ;9JE;66%E 9# 7;93J;E%# (M6JFA

>8=8B

3 /  1@,%@,31

G 7E+ [=. V[![?' 3_E'[?GEV ' * ( !E+ +=& * ! V[.!+c V[![. .bI.T?C.E[ a!V I.T> 3GTC.+M =. .E;?E. ?V CG_E[.+ ?E ! [.V[ $.E'= [G;.[=.T a?[= ! '=.EA
 +cE!CGC.[.T* !E+ H^ .O_!BBc VI!'.+ .E;?E. VI..+V JH8ee [G \eee TICK !E+ / .O_!BBc VI!'.+ C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T.V J\8 [G Ye A!K a.T. _V.+ [G $_?B+ ! C!I G3 I* -  '. * = !E+ 5 C.!V_T.C.E[V ?E FY +?4.T.E[ V[.!+c V[![. GI.T![?E; IG?E[VM 9- * 3 G T.IT.V.E[ [=. V[![?' 3_E'[?GEV* [=.T. ?V ! '=G?'. $.[a..E ?E[.TIGB![?E; ?E [=. C!I GT 7[ 3GT .b!CIB. IGBcEGC?!BV [G [=. C!IM .T. ?E[.TIGB![?GE a!V '=GV.E 3GT ( !E+ IGBcEGC?!BV 3GT ' !E+ +=& M =. '=G?'. G3 [.TCV [G $. ?E'B_+.+ ?E [=. IGBcEGC?!BV a!V ;_?+.+ $c V[_+c?E; [=. 'GTT.B![?GE 'G.5'?.E[ !E+ [=. 7E!B '=G?'. a!V $!V.+ GE ! `!B?+![?GE !;!?EV[ !EG[=.T +![! V.[ G3 FY GI.T![?E; IG?E[VM

?:>:
 
  
  -
 
 

HXH

=. T.V_B[?E; IGBcEGC?!BV _V.+ !T. ' J9- ! = K

1

+=& J9- ! 3 -  '. ! = K

1

&1 N & = N &, =, N &+ =+ N N& = 9- N & 9 61 N 9- N 6 9- N 6, 9,- N  N6+ 9- = N 6 9,- = N 0 -  '. N6 9- = N 6) 9- 3

GT [=. !?T +cE!C?'V* [=. GEBc T.C!?E?E; 'GEV[!E[ [G ?+.E[?3c ?V - M G ?+.E[?3c [=?V 'GEV[!E[* ! +cE!C?' [.V[ a!V I.T3GTC.+M
[.V[>'c'B. 'GEV?V[?E; G3 : [=TG[[B. V[.IV ?E +?4.T.E[ GI.T![?E; IG?E[V a!V 'GEV[T_'[.+ !E+ [=. !BT.!+c ?+.E[?7.+ 3_E'[?GEV* ' !E+ (* a.T. _V.+ [G 7E+ [=. `!B_. G3 - [=![ ;!`. [=. $.V[ 7[ $.[a..E C.!V_T.+ IT.VV_T. !E+ .V[?C![.+ IT.VV_T.M
'GCI!T?VGE $.[a..E C.!V_T.+ !E+ V?C_B![.+ IT.VV_T. 3GT [=. 7E!B !?T +cE!C?' CG+.B ?V V=GaE ?E ?;_T. YMH^M x{

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   %FME%# >F;63# 639%? 9# F37M6J%# >#F1%# 639%? =E%FFME%A

=. I!T!C.[.TV*  !E+ * _V.+ ?E [=. [=TG[[B. CG+.B* a.T. ?+.E[?7.+ $c !I> IBc?E; ! IV._+GT!E+GC $?E!Tc V?;E!B [G [=. [=TG[[B. ?EI_[ !E+ C.!V_T?E; [=. [=TG[[B. !E;B.M =?V a!V +GE. a=.E [=. .E;?E. a!V EG[ T_EE?E; VG [=. [.TC =& ?E O_![?GE YMH8 a!V d.TGM =. [=TG[[B. ?V C!T;?E!BBc V[!$B. ?E GI.E BGGI* VG [=?V CG+.B ?V EG[ !V .!V?Bc `!B?+![.+ !V [=. !?T +cE!C?'VM BGV.+ BGGI .bI.T?C.E[V a.T. I.T3GTC.+ `!B?+![?E; [=. CG+.B* V=Ga?E; [=![ [=. CG+.B ?V !''.I[!$B. $_[ B.VV !''_T![. [=!E [=. !?T +cE!C?'V CG+.BM =?V ?V B![.T T.9.'[.+ ?E +?!;EGV?V I.T3GTC!E'. a=.T. ^e L [=TG[[B. 3!_B[V !T. 'GCI!T!$B. [G He L 3!_B[V ?E G[=.T 'GCIGE.E[V !V '!E $. V..E ?E .'[?GE YMXMXM

HX^

>8=8A

?: 
 

* ,)13<,< G<@ 0

=. ?EI_[V [G [=. +?!;EGV?V VcV[.C !T. 3 -  '. ; * I* = ; * 9- ; * !E+ 5M =. +?!;> EGV.+ 'GCIGE.E[V !T. [=. [=TG[[B. !'[_![GT* [=TG[[B. !E;B. V.EVGT* !?T C!VV 9Ga C.[.T* !E+ C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. V.EVGTM =?V C.!EV [=![ GE. !'[_![GT 3!_B[ !E+ [=T.. V.EVGT 3!_B[V !T. 'GEV?+.T.+M [ ?V !VV_C.+ [=![ GEBc GE. 3!_B[ '!E G''_T ![ [=. V!C. [?C.M =. .E;?E. VI..+ V.EVGT ?V EG[ +?!;EGV.+ $.'!_V. ?[ ?V +?!;EGV.+ V_5'?.E[Bc a.BB $c .b?V[?E; +?!;EGV?E; [.'=E?O_.VM =?V ?V $.'!_V. [=. VI..+ ?V C.!V_T.+ $c 'G_E[?E; I_BV.V 3GTC ! C!;E.[?' V.EVGT GE ! [GG[=.+ a=..BM
C!;E.[?' V.EVGT 3!?B_T. ?V +.[.'[.+ +?T.'[Bc 3TGC ?[V +?V[GT[?GE .4.'[V GE [=. I_BV. [T!?EM .`.T[=.B.VV* [=. T.V?+_!B V[T_'[_T. JV.. !$B. YM^K G3 [=. +?!;EGV?V VcV[.C =!V [=. ITGI.T[c [=![ !BVG [=. .E;?E. VI..+ V.EVGT 'G_B+ $. ?E'B_+.+ !CGE; [=. +?!;EGV.+ 'GCIGE.E[VM

>8=8(

 <,C/  1 ;@,31

c _V?E; V[![?' T.B![?GEV=?IVM ?M .M +?T.'[ T.+_E+!E'c* !E+ +?!;EGV[?' G$V.T`.TV .V[?C![?E; C.!V_T!$B. V?;E!BV* ?[ ?V IGVV?$B. [G 'GEV[T_'[ ! B!T;. E_C$.T G3 T.V?+> _!BVM Ga.`.T* C!Ec G3 [=.C !T. $!V.+ GE [=. V!C. I!T[ G3 [=. CG+.B [=![ C!A.V [=.C T.+_E+!E[M [ ?V [=_V +.V?T!$B. [G 7E+ ! VC!BB* EGE>T.+_E+!E[ V.[ G3 T.V?+_!BV a?[= ;GG+ ?VGB![?GE ITGI.T[?.V* a?[=G_[ BGGV?E; TG$_V[E.VVM [!T[?E; a?[= H/ V_'= T.V?+_!BV GEBc V?b a.T. V.B.'[.+ [G $. _V.+ ?E [=. T.V?+_!B ;.E.T![GTM =. 'GCI_[![?GE!B 3GTC G3 [=.V. V?b T.V?+_!BV !T. +.V'T?$.+ E.b[M =. 7TV[ T.V?+_!B ?V ! +?T.'[ T.+_E+!E'c T.V?+_!B) -  '. ;  ' J9- ; ! = ; K @ 1 3 =?V T.V?+_!B T.B?.V GE ! V[![?' T.B![?GEV=?I ?E [=. CG+.B !E+ '=.'AV [=. 'GEV?V> [.E'c G3 O_![?GE YMHFM =. G[=.T 7`. T.V?+_!BV !T. +.T?`.+ _V?E; [.CIGT!B T.+_E+!E'cM =. V.'GE+ T.V?+_!B '=.'AV [=. 'GEV?V[.E'c G3 O_![?GEV YMH/ !E+ YM^e) -  '. ;  (J9- ; ! 5K  @, 1 3

- ( 9- H-

[ ?V !VV_C.+ [=![ [=. +.T?`![?`. G3 9- '!E $. .V[?C![.+ a?[= V_5'?.E[ !''_T!'cM 3 [=. +.T?`![?`. ?V 'GCI_[.+ !V ! +?4.T.E'.* @, ?V ! I!T?[c .O_![?GEM G[. [=![ [=. V[![?' 3_E'[?GEV J=.T. (K +G EG[ E..+ !E!Bc[?'!B .bIT.VV?GEV* [=.c '!E $. T.IT.V.E[.+ $c C!IV !V _V_!BM .b[ !T. [aG +.+?'![.+ G$V.T`.T T.V?+_!BVM =. IG?E[ G3 +.+?'![.+ G$V.T`.T T.V?+_!BV ?V [G C!A. [=. T.V?+_!BV V.EV?[?`. [G GEBc GE. V.EVGT 3!_B[ $c C.!V_T?E; GEBc GE. G_[I_[ J= ; ?V EG[ 'GEV?+.T.+ [G $. !E G_[I_[ ?E [=?V '!V.KM =?V '!E -  '. M =. $. V..E ?E @+ * a=?'= C.!V_T.V GEBc 9- * !E+ @ * a=?'= C.!V_T.V GEBc 3 T.V?+_!BV !T. 3GTC.+ !V 9(- - +

1

@+

1

H- " ' J( 9- + ! = ; K  (J( 9- + ! 5K N )  J9- ;  9(- + K 9- ;  9(- +

?:>:
 
  
  -
 
  9(-- 

1

(-  '.  3

1

@

1

HX\

H- " ' J( 9-  ! = ; K  (J( 9-  ! 5K N ) (-  '.  K , J3 -  '. ;  3 ' J( 9 -  ! = ; K (-  '.  3 -  '. ;  3

E @+ * [=. C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T.* 9- * ?V .V[?C![.+ $c C.!EV G3 ! EGE>B?E.!T +?!;EGV[?' G$V.T`.TM =. IT.VV_T. 9- ?V C.!V_T.+ !E+ [=. .V[?C![?GE .TTGT ?V 3.+ $!'A ?E[G [=. G$V.T`.TM =. T.V?+_!B @+ .O_!BV [=. .V[?C![?GE .TTGTM =. 3G_T[= T.V?+_!B* -  '. * [=![ .O_!BV @ * ?V @ * ?V 'GEV[T_'[.+ V?C?B!TBc $_[ [=. .V[?C![?GE .TTGT G3 3 3.+ $!'A ?E[G [=. G$V.T`.TM =. 73[= T.V?+_!B* @ * ?V !BVG $!V.+ GE !E G$V.T`.T $_[ ?E 'GE[T!V[ [G @+ !E+ @ * [=. .V[?C![?GE .TTGT +G.V EG[ .O_!B @ M =?V C.!EV [=![ [G 'GCI_[. @ * -  '. !T. C.!V_T.+ VG @ ?V EG[ ! +.+?'![.+ G$V.T`.T T.V?+_!B !E+ $G[= 9- !E+ 3 [=.T.3GT. $.'GC.V V.EV?[?`. [G $G[= C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. V.EVGT !E+ !?T C!VV 9Ga V.EVGT 3!_B[VM =. T.V?+_!B ?V 3GTC.+ !V H- " ' J( 9-.  ! = ; K  (J( 9-  ! 5K N 9(--  1 ) (-  '.  K J3 -  '. ;  3 (-  '.  1 ' J( 9 -  ! = ; K 3 @

1

9- ;  9(- 

=. T.C!?E?E; T.V?+_!B ?V G$V.T`.T $!V.+ !V a.BB* !E+ ?[V I_TIGV. ?V V[T?'[Bc 3GT +?!;EGV?V G3 [=. [=TG[[B. !'[_![GT) " ) 8=& N  IJFK  +J9- ; ! 3 -  '. ; ! = ; K N . J= ;  (= K 8 (- =& 1 ( (-= 1 8 ( =& N ., J= ;  (= K @)

1

= ;  (=

=. '=G?'. G3 [=. G$V.T`.T ;!?EV . * ., !E+ !BVG  !E+ , a.T. +GE. $c IGB. IB!'.C.E[M =. G$V.T`.T IGB.V !T. 3_E'[?GE?E; B?A. ! BGa>I!VV 7B[.T VG [=. IGB. IB!'.C.E[ ?V ! 'GCITGC?V. $.[a..E 3!V[ 3!_B[ T.VIGEV. !E+ V.EV?[?`?[c [G +?V[_T$!E'.V !E+ EG?V.M =. V?b T.V?+_!BV 3GTC ! V.[ G3 V[T_'[_T.+ T.V?+_!BVM ?4.T.E[ T.V?+_!BV !T. V.EV?[?`. [G +?4.T.E[ 3!_B[VM =?V '!E $. V..E $c V[_+c?E; [=. .O_![?GEV G3 [=. T.V?+_!BV !E+ [=?V ?V V_CC!T?d.+ ?E !$B. YM^M GC. T.V?+_!BV V=G_B+ $. V.EV?[?`. [G VI.'?7' 3!_B[V +_. [G [=. CG+.B .O_![?GEV* $_[ ?[ [_TE.+ G_[ ?E [=. .bI.T?> C.E[V [=![ [=. .4.'[ G3 ! 3!_B[ GE VGC. T.V?+_!BV a!V EG[ V?;E?7'!E[ .EG_;= [G ;_!T!E[.. ! TG$_V[ +?!;EGV?V VcV[.CM =.V. '!V.V !T. C!TA.+ a?[= !E  J+GES[ '!T.K ?E !$B. YM^M E GE. '!V.* C!TA.+  * [=?V =!V ! V[T!?;=[3GTa!T+ I=cV?'!B .bIB!E![?GE) [=. !?T 9Ga I!V[ [=. [=TG[[B. ?V EG[ +.I.E+.E[ GE C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T. 3GT V_I.TVGE?' !?T VI..+V %:Y&M =?V ?V [=. '!V. 3GT C!E?3GB+ IT.VV_T.V $.BGa 8e A!M =. [=TG[[B. CG+.B =!V ! B!T;.T CG+.B _E'.T[!?E[c* 'GCI!T.+ [G [=. G[=.T I!T[V G3 [=. CG+.B* VG [=![ ?3 !Ec G3 [=. G[=.T T.V?+_!BV a.T. 3.+ $c I* [=.E ?[ aG_B+ +.;T!+. [=. I.T3GTC!E'. G3 [=.V. T.V?+_!BVM =![ ?V [=. T.!VGE 3GT '=GGV?E; [G =!`. [=. 7`. d.TGV ?E [=. I 'GB_CEM E IT!'[?'. [=?V '!E =!`. [=. .4.'[ [=![ -  '. ; GT 9- ; >3!_B[ ?V ?E[.TIT.[.+ !V ! I>3!_B[M ! VC!BB = ; * 3

HX:

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   1% E%F3#M6 FJEMJME% ;( J1% #309;F3F FQFJ%7A 1 ;6M79 E%=E%F%9JF  (M6JQ F3096A

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?;_T. XMH +.I?'[V ! +T?`.B?E. G3 ! T.!T>+T?`.E `.=?'B.M [ 'GEV?V[V G3 'B_['=* [T!EV> C?VV?GE* ITGI.BB.T V=!3[* 7E!B +T?`.* +T?`. V=!3[V* !E+ a=..BVM J=. ITGI.BB.T V=!3[ ?V VGC.[?C.V !BVG '!BB.+ ! +T?`. V=!3[* $_[ ?E G_T 'GE[.b[ =.T. ?[ ?V ?CIGT[!E[ [G =!`. +?4.T.E[ E!C.V 3GT [=. V=!3[V V?E'. [=.c T.B![. [G +?4.T.E[ [GTV?GE!B 3GT'.V [=![ .E[.T [=. CG+.B?E; +?4.T.E[BcMK _E+!C.E[!B .O_![?GEV 3GT [=. +T?`.B?E. a?BB $. +.T?`.+ $c _V?E; [=. ;.E.T!B?d.+ .a[GESV V.'GE+ B!a G3 CG[?GE %/H&M GC. $!V?' .O_![?GEV T.;!T+?E; [=. 3GT'.V !'[?E; GE [=. a=..B !T. G$[!?E.+* ?E9_.E'.+ $c [=. 'GCIB.[. +cE!C?'V G3 [=. `.=?'B.M =?V C.!EV [=![ .4.'[V 3TGC* 3GT ?E> V[!E'.* `.=?'B. C!VV !E+ [T!?B.T a?BB $. ?E'B_+.+ ?E [=. .O_![?GEV +.V'T?$?E; [=. a=..BVM ?;_T. XM^ V=GaV [=. B!$.BV* [=. ?EI_[V* !E+ [=. G_[I_[V G3 .!'= V_$VcV> [.C G3 [=. +T?`.B?E. [cI. 'GEV?+.T.+ ?E [=?V aGTAM .B![?GEV $.[a..E ?EI_[V !E+ G_[I_[V a?BB ?E [=. 3GBBGa?E; $. +.V'T?$.+ 3GT .!'= I!T[M 2*-2! =. G_[I_[ [GTO_. G3 [=. .E;?E. ?V '=!T!'[.T?d.+ $c [=. +T?`?E; [GTO_. J# K T.V_B[?E; 3TGC [=. 'GC$_V[?GE* [=. ?E[.TE!B 3T?'[?GE 3TGC [=. .E;?E. J$ 9' # K* !E+ [=. .b[.TE!B BG!+ 3TGC [=. 'B_['= J KM .a[GESV V.'GE+ B!a G3 CG[?GE ;?`.V [=. 3GBBGa?E; CG+.B ,  1 #  $ 9' #  

# 

JXMHK

a=.T. # ?V [=. C!VV CGC.E[ G3 ?E.T[?! G3 [=. .E;?E.*  ?V [=. 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B. !E+ -  1 ^=5 ?V [=. .E;?E. VI..+M 0DA+
3T?'[?GE 'B_['= 3G_E+ ?E `.=?'B.V .O_?II.+ a?[= ! C!E_!B [T!EVC?V> V?GE 'GEV?V[V G3 ! 'B_['= +?VA 'GEE.'[?E; [=. 9ca=..B G3 [=. .E;?E. !E+ [=. [T!EVC?VV?GESV ?EI_[ V=!3[M =.E [=. 'B_['= ?V .E;!;.+* !E+ EG ?E[.TE!B

>:5:     

HF8

#  E;?E.

 B_['=



=

$ 9' #

2

$ 9' =

= 2

= T!EV> C?VV?GE

2 TGI.BB.T V=!3[

$

$ ?E!B +T?`.

!

$ 9' $

$ !

B

B T?`. V=!3[

B

=..B

@;== 

    MFQFJ%7F ;(  N%13M6E #E3N%639% O3J1 J1%3E E%F=%J3N% 906% 9# J;ECM% 6%6FA

3T?'[?GE ?V !VV_C.+*  1 = ?V G$[!?E.+M =. [T!EVC?[[.+ [GTO_. ?V ! 3_E'> [?GE G3 [=. !E;_B!T +?4.T.E'. J   K !E+ [=. !E;_B!T `.BG'?[c +?4.T.E'. J-   -  K G`.T [=. 'B_['=  1 = 1 ' J   ! -   -  K

JXM^K

<2=1-==-42
[T!EVC?VV?GE =!V ! V.[ G3 ;.!TV* .!'= a?[= ! 'GE`.TV?GE T![?G ,= M =?V ;?`.V [=. 3GBBGa?E; T.B![?GE $.[a..E [=. ?EI_[ !E+ G_[I_[ [GTO_. G3 [=. [T!EVC?VV?GE 2 1 '= J= ! $ 9' = !   = ,= ! -   - = ,= ! ,= K

JXM\K

a=.T. [=. ?E[.TE!B 3T?'[?GE [GTO_. G3 [=. [T!EVC?VV?GE ?V B!$.B.+ $ 9' = M =. T.!VGE 3GT 'GEV?+.T?E; [=. !E;B. +?4.T.E'.  = ,= ?E JXM\K ?V [=. IGVV?$?B?[c G3 =!`?E; [GTV?GE!B .4.'[V ?E [=. [T!EVC?VV?GEM <46!00!< =+#A =. ITGI.BB.T V=!3[ 'GEE.'[V [=. [T!EVC?VV?GESV G_[I_[ V=!3[ a?[= [=. 7E!B +T?`.M G 3T?'[?GE ?V !VV_C.+ J 2 1 $ K* ;?`?E; [=. 3GBBGa?E; CG+.B G3 [=. [GTO_. ?EI_[ [G [=. 7E!B +T?`. 2 1 $ 1 '2 J=  2 ! - =  - 2 K

JXM:K

HFY

>:     I..+* J


?T +T!; 3GT'.* B'.!  N 30 ( V?EJ

90! K



   ;903JM#396 (;E%F J390 ;9  N%136%A

-20 <-E! =. 7E!B +T?`. ?V '=!T!'[.T?d.+ $c ! 'GE`.TV?GE T![?G ,$ ?E [=. V!C. a!c !V 3GT [=. [T!EVC?VV?GEM =. 3GBBGa?E; T.B![?GE 3GT [=. ?EI_[ !E+ G_[I_[ [GTO_. =GB+V ! 1 '$ J$ ! $ 9' $ ! 2  $ ,$ ! - 2  - $ ,$ ! ,$ K

JXM8K

a=.T. [=. ?E[.TE!B 3T?'[?GE [GTO_. G3 [=. 7E!B +T?`. ?V B!$.B.+ $ 9' $ M <-E! =+#A= =. +T?`. V=!3[V 'GEE.'[ [=. a=..BV [G [=. 7E!B +T?`.M .T. ?[ ?V !VV_C.+ [=![ [=. TG[![?GE!B a=..B VI..+ - B ?V [=. V!C. 3GT [=. [aG a=..BVM .;B.'[?E; `.=?'B. +cE!C?'V* [=. TG[![?GE!B .O_?`!B.E[ a=..B VI..+V V=!BB $. .O_!B [G [=. VI..+ G3 [=. `.=?'B. $G+cSV '.E[.T G3 ;T!`?[cM J'( J0  - B 1 @;== @;== =.T.3GT.* [=. +T?`. V=!3[V !T. CG+.B.+ !V GE. V=!3[M =.E [=. `.=?'B. ?V [_TE?E; !E+ [=. VI..+ +?4.TV $.[a..E [=. a=..BV* $G[= +T?`. V=!3[V =!`. [G $. CG+.B.+M G 3T?'[?GE J B 1 ! K ;?`.V [=. CG+.B .O_![?GE B 1 ! 1 '! J$  B ! - $  - B K

JXMYK

+!!0 ?;_T. XM\ V=GaV [=. 3GT'.V !'[?E; GE ! `.=?'B. a?[= C!VV 30 !E+ VI..+ J0 M .a[GESV V.'GE+ B!a ?E [=. BGE;?[_+?E!B +?T.'[?GE ;?`.V  1 30 J- 0 N B'.! N  N 30 ( V?EJ

90! K

JXMXK

=. 3T?'[?GE 3GT'. J K ?V +.V'T?$.+ $c [=. V_C G3 [=. 3GBBGa?E; O_!E[?[?.V %\X&M  B'.! * [=. !?T +T!;* ?V !IITGb?C![.+ $c B'.! 1

H , '9
A J0 ^

JXM/K

>:5:     

HFX

a=.T. '9 ?V [=. +T!; 'G.5'?.E[*
[=. C!b?C_C `.=?'B. 'TGVV V.'> [?GE !T.!* !E+ A [=. !?T +.EV?[cM Ga.`.T* .4.'[V 3TGC* 3GT ?EV[!E'.* GI.E GT 'BGV.+ a?E+GaV a?BB C!A. [=. 3GT'. +?5'_B[ [G CG+.BM   * [=. TGBB?E; T.V?V[!E'.* ?V !IITGb?C![.+ $c  1 30 J9 N 9, J0 K

JXMFK

a=.T. 9 !E+ 9, +.I.E+ GE* 3GT ?EV[!E'.* [?T.V !E+ [?T. IT.VV_T.M  30 ( V?EJ [=. TG!+M

90! K*

[=. ;T!`?[![?GE!B 3GT'.* a=.T.

90!

?V [=. VBGI. G3

=. T.V_B[?E; [GTO_. +_. [G  ?V .O_!B [G  @;== * a=.T. @;== ?V [=. a=..B T!+?_VM .a[GESV V.'GE+ B!a ;?`.V , B 1 B   @;==  

 

JXMHeK

a=.T.  ?V [=. C!VV CGC.E[ G3 ?E.T[?! G3 [=. a=..B* B ?V ;?`.E $c JXMYK* !E+  ?V [=. 3T?'[?GE [GTO_.M E'B_+?E; JXMXK [G JXMFK ?E JXMHeK [G;.[=.T a?[= J 1 @;== 8- '( ;?`.V , K, B J  N 30 @;==

1

@;== 30 J9

N

H + , - B B    '9
A @;== ^ 9, @;== - B K  @;== 30 (C,5J

JXMHHK 90! K

=. +cE!C?'!B ?E9_.E'. 3TGC [=. [?T. =!V $..E E.;B.'[.+ ?E [=. .O_![?GE +.V'T?$?E; [=. a=..BM
'GCIB.[. CG+.B G3 [=. +T?`.B?E. a?[= [=. 'B_['= .E;!;.+ ?V +.V'T?$.+ $c O_![?GEV JXMHK [G JXMHHKM G 3!T [=. 3_E'[?GEV ' * '= * '2 * '$ * '! * !E+ [=. 3T?'[?GE [GTO_.V $ 9' = * $ 9' $ * !E+  !T. _EAEGaEM E [=. 3GBBGa?E;* !VV_CI[?GEV a?BB $. C!+. !$G_[ [=.V.* T.V_B[?E; ?E ! V.T?.V G3 +T?`.B?E. CG+.BV* a?[= +?4.T.E[ 'GCIB.b?[?.VM

=848B


<, 305/ @ 3 /


$!V?' CG+.B a?BB $. +.`.BGI.+M
VV_CI[?GEV !$G_[ [=. 3_E+!C.E[!B .O_![?GEV !$G`. !T. C!+. ?E GT+.T [G G$[!?E ! CG+.B a?[= ! B_CI.+ ?E.T[?!M !$.BV !T. !''GT+?E; [G ?;_T. XM^M =. 'B_['= !E+ [=. V=!3[V !T. !VV_C.+ [G $. V[?4M =. [T!EVC?VV?GE !E+ [=. 7E!B +T?`. !T. !VV_C.+ [G C_B[?IBc [=. [GTO_. $c [=. 'GE`.TV?GE T![?G* a?[=G_[ BGVV.VM 2*-2!

=. .E;?E. ?V CG+.B.+ !V ?E O_![?GE JXMHK ,  1 #  $ 9' #  

# 

JXMH^K

0DA+ =. 'B_['= ?V !VV_C.+ [G $. V[?4* a=?'= ;?`.V [=. 3GBBGa?E; .O_![?GEV 3GT [=. [GTO_. !E+ [=. !E;B.  1 = !

 1 

JXMH\K

HF/

>:    

<2=1-==-42 =. [T!EVC?VV?GE ?V +.V'T?$.+ $c GE. TG[![?E; ?E.T[?! = M =. 3T?'[?GE [GTO_. ?V !VV_C.+ [G $. +.V'T?$.+ $c ! `?V'G_V +!CI?E; 'G.5'?.E[ "= M =. CG+.B G3 [=. [T!EVC?VV?GE* 'GTT.VIGE+?E; [G JXM\K* ?V  ,=

= 

1 1

 = ,= = ,=  "= - =  2

JXMH:K JXMH8K

c _V?E; JXMH\K !E+ JXMH:K* [=. CG+.B '!E $. T.aT?[[.E !V

=  ,  1  ,,=  "= -   2 ,=

JXMHYK

=. .O_![?GE !$G`. ?BB_V[T![.V [=. ;.E.T!B C.[=G+GBG;c* $_[ 3TGC EGa GE ! V?CIB?7.+ `.TV?GE a?BB $. _V.+ $c E.;B.'[?E; [=. ?E.T[?! !E+ [=. +!CI?E; BGVV.VM =?V ?V +GE. $c _V?E; = 1 e !E+ "= 1 e* a=?'= T.V_B[V ?E [=. 3GBBGa?E; [T!EVC?VV?GE CG+.B  = ,=

1

 = ,=

JXMHXK

1

2

JXMH/K

<46!00!< =+#A =. ITGI.BB.T V=!3[ ?V !BVG !VV_C.+ [G $. V[?4* a=?'= ;?`.V [=. 3GBBGa?E; .O_![?GEV 3GT [=. [GTO_. !E+ [=. !E;B. 2 1 $ !

= 1  2

JXMHFK

-20 <-E! E [=. V!C. a!c !V 3GT [=. [T!EVC?VV?GE* [=. 7E!B +T?`. '!E ?E ;.E.T!B $. CG+.B.+ $c GE. TG[![?E; ?E.T[?! $ !E+ ! 3T?'[?GE [GTO_. [=![ ?V !VV_C.+ [G $. +.V'T?$.+ $c ! `?V'G_V +!CI?E; 'G.5'?.E[ "$ M Ga.`.T* !BVG =.T.* 3GT [=. $!V?' CG+.B* [=. ?E.T[?! !E+ [=. +!CI?E; !T. E.;B.'[.+ $c $ 1 e !E+ "$ 1 eM =. CG+.B G3 [=. 7E!B +T?`.* 'GTT.VIGE+?E; [G JXM8K* ?V [=.E 2  $ ,$

1 1

 $ ,$ !

JXM^eK JXM^HK

<-E! =+#A =. +T?`. V=!3[ ?V !VV_C.+ [G $. V[?4* a=?'= ;?`.V [=. 3GBBGa?E; .O_![?GEV 3GT [=. [GTO_. !E+ [=. !E;B. B 1 ! !

$ 1  B

JXM^^K

+!!0 =. 3GT'. !E+ [GTO_. $!B!E'.V GE [=. a=..B ?E'B_+.V [=. +cE!C?'V G3 [=. `.=?'B. !E+ ?V CG+.B.+ !V $.3GT. ?E O_![?GE JXMHHKM .;B.'[?E; [=. a=..B 3T?'[?GE*  1 e* B.!+V [G , K, B J  N 30 @;==

1

@;== 30 J9

N

H + , B  '9
A @;== - B ^ 9, @;== - B K  @;== 30 (C,5J

JXM^\K 90! K

>:5:     

=848A

30,1,1) @*

HFF

9C@,31<

=. .O_![?GEV 3TGC .E;?E. [G a=..B* O_![?GEV JXMH^K>JXM^\K* EGa 'GEV[?[_[.V ! 'GCIB.[. '=!?EM [!T[ [=. .B?C?E![?GE G3 ?E[.TC.+?![. `!T?!$B.V $c _V?E; JXMH\K !E+ JXMH:K>JXM^^K [G G$[!?E [=. T.B![?GEV=?IV 3GT !E;B.V !E+ [GTO_.V 3GT ! V[?4 +T?`.B?E. J 1  1 ,= = 1 ,= 2 1 ,= ,$ $ 1 ,= ,$ B * !E+ ?E [=. V!C. a!c 3GT [=. [GTO_.VKM =?V T.V_B[V ?E , = ,$   1  B !

 1 ,= ,$ B

JXM^:K

=. 'GCIB.[. +.V'T?I[?GE ?V EGa T.+_'.+ [G [=?V .O_![?GE* JXM^:K* ?E 'GC$?E![?GE a?[= JXMH^K !E+ JXM^\K a=?'= !T. , 

#  , J  N 30 @;== K, B

1 #  $ 9' #   E,= ,$ JXM^8K H + , - B JXM^YK 1 B  '9
A @;== ^ @;== 30 J9 N 9, @;== - B K  @;== 3(C,5J 90! K

=.T. ?V EGa !E !T$?[T!Tc '=G?'. a=.[=.T [G aT?[. [=. 7E!B CG+.B ?E [.TCV G3 .E;?E. VI..+ GT a=..B VI..+M .T. [=. a=..B VI..+ ?V '=GV.EM =?V C.!EV [=![ [=. [=T.. `!T?!$B.V ! ! $ !  V=G_B+ $. .B?C?E![.+ 3TGC [=. 3G_T .O_![?GEV JXM^:K>JXM^YKM =. T.V_B[ ?V GE. V?E;B. .O_![?GE 'GEV[?[_[?E; [=. 'GCIB.[. CG+.B* E!C.+ [=. !V?' T?`.B?E. G+.BM   '#!  & %-   , J  N 30 @;== N ,,= ,,$ # K, B

1

,= ,$ J#  $ 9' # K

JXM^XK H , + , - B  '9
A @;== - B 30 9, @;== ^ @;== 30 J9 N (C,5J 90! KK

4< 04F +"<= 2! =6""!= A," .2)D"2" %<41 A," .< !<+ .= 04F 2! H 2"+0"A.2+  + , -B .2 7>:C>8 A," 14!"0 .= 0.2"< .2 A," =AA" - B DA 2420.2"< .2 , '9
A @;==  A," 6<1"A"<=: =.T. ?V GE. [.TC ?E [=. !$G`. !V?' T?`.B?E. G+.B [=![ T.O_?T.V !++?[?GE!B CG+.B?E;M [ ?V [=. [.TC #  $ 9' # [=![ +.V'T?$.V [=. .4.'[?`. [GTO_. 3TGC [=. .E;?E.M =. [GTO_. ;.E.T![.+ $c 'GC$_V[?GE* # * ?V CG+.B.+ +?4.T.E[Bc 3GT  GT  .E;?E.VM =. BGVV.V ?E [=. .E;?E.* $ 9' # * +.I.E+* !CGE; G[=.T [=?E;V* GE I_CI?E; BGVV.V* !E+ _V_!BBc T.O_?T.V C.!V_T.C.E[VM G[= [=.V. !VI.'[V a?BB $. ?BB_V[T![.+ ?E [=. E.b[ V.'[?GEM

=848(


1 //C<@;@,D 3 /,1) F05/


'!E?! =.!`c [T_'A ?V _V.+ 3GT .bI.T?C.E[VM ?;_T. XM: V=GaV ! '!E?! H:: Yb^ [T_'A [=![ =!V [=. 'GE7;_T![?GE !V 3GBBGaVM  H: B?[.T / [_T$G>'=!T;.+ +?.V.B .E;?E. a?[= C!b?C_C IGa.T G3 8\e I !E+ C!b?C_C [GTO_. G3 ^\ee CM =. 3_.B C.[.T?E; ?V ;G`.TE.+ $c !E ?E>B?E. ?E@.'[?GE I_CI VcV[.C %He&M

^ee

>:    

   93
 =. .E;?E. ?V 'GEE.'[.+ [G ! C!E_!B T!E;.>VIB?[[.T [T!EVC?VV?GE Fee J?;_T. XMYK `?! ! 'B_['=M =. [T!EVC?VV?GE =!V H: ;.!TV !E+ ! =c+T!_B?' T.[!T+.TM [ ?V !BVG .O_?II.+ a?[= [=. !_[GC![?' ;.!T V=?3[?E; VcV[.C I[?> T_?V. %FH&M  =. a.?;=[ G3 [=. [T_'A ?V 3 1 ^: eee A;M 2*-2! =. / .E;?E. ?E [=. H:: [T_'A _V.V !E ?E>B?E. I_CI VcV[.C a?[= GE. 3_.B I_CI V_IIBc?E; !BB .?;=[ 'cB?E+.TV a?[= 3_.BM T?`.B?E. CG+.B?E; a?BB $. ?E9_.E'.+ $c ! E_C$.T G3 V_$VcV[.CV G3 [=. .E;?E. [=![ !T. 'GCCGE 3GT $G[= .E;?E. [cI.VM =.V. !T.

G-1D1 A4<;D! !0-1-A!< =. ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B !CG_E[ ?V T.V[T?'[.+ $c [=. I=cV?'!B '=!T!'[.T G3 [=. .E;?E. J?M.M* .E;?E. V?d.* E_C$.T G3 'cB?E+.TV* .['MK* [G;.[=.T a?[= T.V[T?'[?GEV [=![ [=. .E;?E. 'GE[TGB VcV[.C _V.V* 3GT _[?B?d?E; [=. .E;?E. ?E [=. $.V[ IGVV?$B. a!cM =. C!b?C_C [GTO_. +.'T.!V.V $.BGa HHee TIC !E+ !$G`. H8ee TICM -!=!0 =14/! !0-1-A!< 3 [=. [_T$G IT.VV_T. ?V BGa !E+ ! =?;= .E;?E. [GTO_. ?V +.C!E+.+* +?.V.B VCGA. .C?VV?GEV a?BB ?E'T.!V. [G !E _E!''.I[!$B. B.`.BM =?V ?V IT.`.E[.+ $c T.V[T?'[?E; [=. 3_.B !CG_E[ [G ! B.`.B a?[= !''.I[!$B. .C?VV?GEV ![ BGa [_T$G IT.VV_T.VM <2=#!< #D2A-42 #<41 #D!0 14D2A A4 !2*-2! A4<;D! =. .E;?E. [GTO_. ?V [=. [GTO_. T.V_B[?E; 3TGC [=. .bIBGV?GEV ?E [=. 'cB?E+.TVM
V[![?' 3_E'[?GE T.B![?E; [=. .E;?E. [GTO_. [G ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B '!E $. G$[!?E.+ ?E ! +cE!CGC.[.T

>:5:     

^eH

   93
   93 :SS E90%2F=63JJ%E JE9F73FF3;9 O3J1 E%JE#%E 9# =J3EM3F% MJ;7J3 0%E2F13(J390 FQFJ%7A

^e^

>:        %FME%# NE36%F JE9F73JJ%# ;9 J1% 
2MFA

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CG[?`![?GE 3GT [=?V ?V [=![ !E .?;=[>'cB?E+.T .E;?E. C!A.V /e V[TGA.VZV ![ !E .E;?E. VI..+ G3 H^ee T.`ZC?EM =?V C.!EV [=![ ! C.!E>`!B_. .E;?E. CG+.B ?V !VV_C.+ JE.;B.'[V `!T?![?GEV +_T?E; [=. .E;?E. 'c'B.KM =. [T_'A ?V .O_?II.+ a?[= ! V.[ G3 'GE[TGB _E?[V* .!'= 'GEE.'[.+ a?[= ! 
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VV_CI[?GEV !$G_[ [=. 3_E+!C.E[!B .O_![?GEV ?E .'[?GE XMHMH !T. C!+. ?E GT+.T [G G$[!?E ! CG+.B a?[= ! B_CI.+ .E;?E. !E+ [T!EVC?VV?GE ?E.T[?! !E+ ! +T?`.>V=!3[ 9.b?$?B> ?[cM !$.BV !T. !''GT+?E; [G ?;_T. XM^M =. 'B_['= !E+ [=. ITGI.BB.T V=!3[V !T. !VV_C.+ [G $. V[?4* !E+ [=. +T?`. V=!3[ ?V +.V'T?$.+ !V ! +!CI.+ [GTV?GE!B 9.b> ?$?B?[cM =. [T!EVC?VV?GE !E+ [=. 7E!B +T?`. !T. !VV_C.+ [G C_B[?IBc [=. [GTO_. $c [=. 'GE`.TV?GE T![?G* a?[=G_[ BGVV.VM

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[ V[.!+c V[![.* [=. 'B_['= [T!EV3.TV [=. [GTO_. I1 1 HeF CM =?V C.!EV [=![ [=. 'B_['= !E;B. ?V ?E [=. !T.! a?[= =?;=.T V[?4E.VV J 2   , K ?E [=. 'B_['= EGEB?E.!T?[c* V..E ?E ?;_T. XMH/M =?V ?V ! [cI?'!B +T?`?E; V?[_![?GE a=.E VI..+ 'GE[TGB ?V _V.+M Ga.`.T* ![ BGa 'B_['= [GTO_.V J 2  K [=. 'B_['= EGEB?E.!T?[c '!E ITG+_'. B?C?[ 'c'B. GV'?BB![?GEV %/&M =?V V?[_![?GE G''_TV a=.E [=. [T_'A ?V [T!`.B?E; +GaE=?BB a?[= ! BG!+ G3 [=. V!C. V?d. !V [=. 3T?'[?GE ?E [=. +T?`.B?E.* T.V_B[?E; ?E ! BGa 'B_['= [GTO_.M =?V ?V =Ga.`.T EG[ [T.![.+ =.T.M
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