古英語叙事詩『ベーオウルフ』対訳版

Ӟᒍᛖӗʙᚿ

ベーオウルフ ‫ݣ‬ᚪ༿ THE OLD ENGLISH EPIC

BEOWULF A BILINGUAL EDITION

苅部恒徳 小山良一 編著

EDITED WITH

TRANSLATION, GLOSSARY AND COMMENTARY BY

Tsunenori Karibe and Ryoichi Koyama

東京 研究社 2007

目 次

Contents はしがき (Preface)

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略語表 (Abbreviations)

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凡例 (Introductory Remarks)

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v vii ix

綴りと発音 (Spelling and Pronunciation) ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ xiii 韻律と頭韻 (Metre and Alliteration)

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4 大王家の系図 (Genealogy of the Four Dynasties)

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xvi

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1

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265

原文と対訳 (Text and Translation) 註解 (Commentary)

xv

参考文献 (Bibliography)

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

古英語文法・変化表 (Old English Grammar: Inflexions)

iii

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283 286

はしがき

Preface 本書は古英語叙事詩『ベーオウルフ』 Beowulf 全 3182 行の半行対訳版である。各ページとも上段に原 文と対訳を配置し、下段には語彙解 (Glossary) を設け、原文の語句の出現順に、その語形変化・定義・語 源・校訂・統語指示などを英語で記述した。このレイアウトは我々がすでに『原文対訳「カンタベリィ物 語・総序歌」』 （松柏社、2000 年）で案出したものと同じであるが、Beowulf の刊本では欧米・日本で初め ての試みである。これによって読者は多くの刊本のように巻末の Glossary を引かずとも、同一ページ内に 出現順に配された語彙解をたどることにより、速く正確に原文が解釈できるようになる。このように、本 書は現代英語が読めて英文法の知識がある読者であれば、1000 年以上も昔の古英語韻文で書かれたこの有 名叙事詩の難解な原文を、対訳の助けも得て、読めることを目指したものである。 これまでにも一行対訳はあるが、半行対訳は日本で初めての試みである。原文詩行は各行とも、韻律的 にも統語的にも中間休止 (Caesura) を置いて前半行と後半行に分かれるので、半行が意味を持つのである。 つまり半行ごとに韻律の異なる型（後述）が配され、頭韻によって結び付られ、まとまった意味の単位が出 来る。半行対訳のみ読めば日本語として多少の違和感はあるが、昔から訳詩では意味単位が前後すること は珍しくなく、読み下しても全体の文意を取ることができる。現代英語の半行対訳版もあるが、現代英語 の場合は語順が重要なファクターなので一文を読み返さないと意味が取りにくい。我々の半行は「てにを は」を用いて構文を明らかにする日本語のメリットを生かしたことになる。本書の訳は正確を期した直訳 であり、文学的に独立した意義を持つものではなく、あくまでも原文理解の補助であると考えている。 本書は Text と対訳と Glossary からなる本体のほかに、綴りと発音 (Spelling and Sound) と韻律と頭韻

(Metre and Alliteration) の簡単な解説を付し、もともと聴衆を前に朗誦されたと思われるこの叙事詩を音 読して、その独特の音調を味わっていただきたいと思っている。原文に長音を示すマクロンのほかに口蓋 音を示すドットを当該子音の上に付けた。これも Beowulf の刊本では初めての試みである。また原文と訳 文だけでは分かりにくい箇所や問題点には、註解 (Commentary) を加えて解説を施した。さらに巻末に古 英語文法の変化表を付して読者の便利を図った。 このように本書は作品理解のために必要な道具立てを十分施したので、その原文を初めて覘いてみたい という初心者から本格的に研究してみたいという専門家を志す人まで、いろいろな仕方で活用されること を願っている。短期間で Text を理解し、次の作品論や語学的研究へ進む踏み台にしていただきたい。 本書が成るには、参考書目 (Bibliography) に挙げた過去の業績に多大な恩恵を受けたことは言うまでも ない。30 年前に恩師、故鈴木重威先生を偲ぶ会の席上、Beowulf 全編の訳と註解の仕事を勧めてくださっ た故都留久夫先生に本書を捧げたい。また、ご多忙中にもかかわらず、原稿の校閲の労をとられ、綿密な 修正と貴重なご意見をいただいた大阪大学教授渡辺秀樹先生に心から感謝のことばを述べたい。できるだ け本書に反映させ、改善に努めた。誤りが残っていれば、それはすべて編著者の責任であることは言うま でもない。最後に、厳しい出版状況にもかかわらず英断をもって本書の出版を引き受けていただいた研究 社社長関戸雅男氏にも心から謝意を表する次第である。     2007 年 6 月 新潟にて   編著者記す

v

略語表

Abbreviations Grammatical terms and others adj.

adjective

adv.

adverb

anom. art.

MS Cotton Vitellius A. XV

anomalous verb

article

aux.

Beowulf Manuscript,

MS

acc. accusative

auxiliary

neg.

negative

neut.

neuter

nom.

nominative

num.

numeral

cf. confer (= compare)

OE

Old English

compar. comparative

ON Old Norse P.pase

Com

Commentary

part.

conj.

conjunction

partit. partitive

participle

correl. correlative(ly)

pl.

dat.

dative

poss. possessive

def.

definite

pp.

demon. e.g.

demonstrative

exampli gratia (= for example)

fem.

feminine

plural pages; past participle

prep.

preposition

pres.

present

pret.

preterit (= past)

ff.

and what follows

pret.-pres.

G.

German

pron.

preterit-present verb

pronoun

gen.

genitive

refl.

reflexive

ger.

gerund

rel.

relative

Gloss Glossary

rel. adv. relative adverb

i.e. id est (= that is)

rel. pron.

imper. imperative

sg.

singular

impers.

st.

strong

ind.

impersonal verb

indicative

indef. inf.

e.g. st.1

indefinite infinitive

instr.

instrumental

subjunctive

supl.

superlative

vb.

verb

voc.

interj. interjection

w.

interr. intrerrogative

wk.

L.

W-S

Latin

ME

masculine

1

Middle English

MHG ModHG

vocative with weak West-Saxon

first person e.g. 1sg.

Middle High German Modern High German vii

strong verb, class 1

subj.

instr.-dat. instrumental-dative

masc.

relative pronoun

first person, singular

2

second person

3

third person

Periodicals and others A Transcript of the Beowulf-manuscript made by a copyist for Thorkelin Archiv Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen ASE

Anglo-Saxon England

B Transcript of the Beowulf-manuscript made by Thorkelin Beit Beiträge zur Geschihte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur DOE Dictionay of Old English, eds., Cameron, Amos, Healey, et al. 1986– EETS Early English Text Society ELN English Language Notes ES ESt

English Studies Englische Studien

JEGP LSE

Journal of English and Germanic Philology Leeds Studies in English

MÆ Medium Ævum MESN Medieval English Studies Newsletter, published by The Centre for Medieval English Studies (University of Tokyo) MLN Modern Language Notes MLQ

Modern Language Quarterly

MLR

Modern Language Review

MP

Modern Philology Notes and Queries

N&Q NM PBA PQ RES

Neuphilologische Mitteilungen Proceedings of the British Academy Philological Quarterly Review of English Studies

SIMELL

Studies in Medieval English Language and Literature, published by The Japan Society for

Medieval English Studies SP Studies in Philology ZDP

Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie

*For other abbreviations referred to in the textual notes of the Glossary, see Bibliography, V.

viii

凡 例

Introductory Remarks 1. 写本（Manuscript）について ここに対訳・語彙解を試みた『ベーオウルフ』Beowulf は古英語（Old English, 750–1100）で書かれた 英雄叙事詩である。成立年代については種々議論のあるところだが、内容および言語的に 8 世紀中ごろと する説が妥当と思われる。 Beowulf の現存する唯一の写本は、 Cotton Vitellius A. XV と名づけられた

Codex（写本集成本）の一部として今日 British Library に所蔵されている。Cotton はエリザベス朝の好事家 Sir Robert Cotton（1571–1631）の名に由来するもので、彼の図書館 Cotton Library では所蔵写本が歴代 のローマ皇帝の名の付いた胸像の下の書棚に分類して納められていた。この Codex がウィテリウス皇帝の

A 書棚の 15 番目だったので Vitellius A. XV と名づけられた。この Codex は、もとは 2 種のものから成 り、 前のものは 12 世紀に筆写された散文作品を含んでおり、 かって所蔵されていた修道院のあった地名

Southwick により Southwick Codex と呼ばれる。 後のものは 1000 年前後の筆写で、The Passion of Saint Christopher, The Wonders of the East, The Letter of Alexander to Aristotle の散文 3 作品の後に Beowulf と Judith の韻文 2 作品を含んでいた。この後者の最初のページに Cotton の前の所有者であったと思われ る、好事家で聖職者だった Laurence Nowell（?–1576）の名が記されているとこから Nowell Codex また は Beowulf-Manuscript と呼ばれる。何故 Beowulf が Nowell Codex に収められているかについては、他 の散文作品も巨人や怪物を扱っている共通点があるためと考えられている。Beowulf-Manuscript の筆写年 代は、Ker（1957）による 1000 年前後とする通説に、Kiernan（1981）が Cnut 王の治世（1016–35）で、し かも成立も同時期とする説を唱えたが反対が多い。最新の Dumville（1988）による説では、筆写年代は上 限が 997 年、下限が 1016 年とされている。

1731 年に Cotton Library の火災があり、 Beowulf の写本は、焼失は免れたものの端が焼け焦げ、もろ くなって欠け、 上部と外側のマージンに近い文字が欠け落ちていったのは悲劇である。 しかし幸いにも、 このような文字の消失がかなり進む前に写本の筆写が行われている。アイスランドの学者 Thorkelin（1752

–1829）の助手および Thorkelin 自身によるそれぞれ 1787 年と 1789 年の転写本（Transcriptions）がそれ で、それぞれ Thorkelin A, Thorkelin B と呼ばれている。我々も本文校訂に際し、これらを利用し、A, B が同形の場合は暗黙のうちに本文とみなした場合が多い。なお、写本は現行 Text のような詩行に分かち 書きはされておらず、散文のようにベタ書きになっている。従って行数は参照の便利のために Text に書 き加えられたものである。しかし写本には fitt（節）の番号がローマ数字で 53 行以降 I から（XXVIIII–XXX と XXXVIIII に欠番があるが）XLIII まで記入されていて、一応の区切りを示しているが、構成上の厳密 な区切りではないと思われる。番号のない 1–52 行は Proem（序）ということになる。 また写本には現代英語に用いられるような句読法はない。ピリオドに相当するもの（simple point）が多 く用いられているが、 役目は詩行の行末指示である。 時には半行末に、 まれに半行中に来ることもある （2372b）。 総数は数える人によって異なるが、 700 個近いと言われている。 行末と半行末は統語法の切れ 目になる場合が多いのでピリオド（やセミコロン）の役目を果たすことにもなる。 現存の写本を、おそらく は見本（exemplar）に基づき、 筆写した写字生（scribe）は二人で、 Scribe A は（先行する散文作品と）

Beowulf の 1–1939 行の scyran までを、 Scribe B がその次の moste から、最後の 3182 行まで（と次の Judith）を担当した。両者の違いは種々あるが、一番目立つのは、Scribe A が用いている標準的な eo 綴り に対し Scribe B が io 綴りを多用していることである。 ix

上述のように、 1731 年の火災によって上部と外側のマージンが焦げてもろくなり、 マージンに近い文 字まで欠けていくので、更なる損傷を防ぐため、1845 年に各葉に紙のフレームが貼り付けられた。しかし このために文字が隠れる場合も起こった。これらの文字は後に写真版や電子画像版を作成する際には赤外 線や紫外線の特殊照明で撮影されたりファイバースコープが用いられたりして見えるようになったものが ある。 最後に foliation（丁数）について述べると、Beowulf は新丁数で 132r–201v（旧丁数では 129r–198v）を 占めている。 新旧があるのは 1884 年に、 Cotton 写本の始めに挿入されている３葉を数に入れたことと

Beowulf 写本の 2 葉の綴じ違いを直したことによる。Zupitza の Facsimile 版は 1882 年に出たので旧丁数 を用いている。 Kiernan の Electronic Beowulf（1999）の写本のカラー写真、 Transcript, Text も旧丁数を 用いているので、本書は Text の行頭に旧丁数を記入し、さらに行中の丁数の切れ目を縦線で示して原文 と写本との対照の便を図った。現在の写本には各葉の表の右肩に新丁数が記入され、旧丁数は１行目と２ 行目の行間に記入されている場合が多い。前述の写字生の担当部分は Scribe A が 129r–172v3（新 132r–

175v3）, Scribe B が 172v4–198v（新 175v4–201v）となる。火災が元になった損傷以外の理由で読みにく くなったページが 2 ページある。179r（新 182r）と 198v（新 201v）だが、製本前はそれぞれ帖（quire）の 最初と最終のページだったので曝されたり擦れたりして文字が薄れたものを、後になぞり書きしようと試 。 これらの箇所についてはこれまで多数の復 みられたが不完全に終わったと考えられる（Jack, p. 3 参照） 元（restoration）と修正（emendation）が提案されてきた（本書当該箇所の校訂を参照）が、最終的な意見の 一致は望めない。 2. Text（本文）の作成について ここで我々の Text の作成法について一言触れることにする。 最も流布している三種の校訂本、Klaeber （1950）, Dobbie（1953）, Wrenn（1958）の各 Text を比較して選び、我々が最も適当と思う仮の Text を編 んだ上で、Zupitza の facsimile（1959）と Kiernan のカラー写真版（1999, 2004）、さらに Thorkelin A, B とチェックして Text 原稿を作成した。最後に、最近の Jack（1994）と Mitchell & Robinson（1998）を参 照して完成した。上記流布版中最も多くの研究者に利用されている Klaeber 版に全体的に一番近くなった が、無論、違いも多く我々独自のものである。

Text 校訂・編纂の歴史は Glossary の中の註記から分かる通り、 Thorkelin の A, B の転写本以降、 Thorkelin（1815）, Kemble（1833, 1835）, Grein（1857, 1867）, Grundtvig（1861）, Ettmüller（1875）等の刊 本による 19 世紀における校訂者の仕事の上に、20 世紀の本文批評が展開されてきた。編者たちが作成し た texts にはそれぞれの感覚で新たに句読点が入れられ、語句の修正・復元が行われている。この編者た ちによる句読点の違いと語句修正・復元の違いが文解釈の違いを生んでいるが、これに関しても我々が最 も適当と考えるものを採った。その結果、我々の Text はアングロ - サクソン美術に特徴的な切れ目のない 組み紐模様を詩行に再現したような、セミコロン（；）を多用した長い一文になった。これと対照的に Kiernan の Text はピリオドを多用した短い文が多いが、違和感を覚える。

3. MS 校訂の表記 z 修正（emendation） ： 写本あるいは転写本 A, B に見ることのできる語句で、写字生による今は存在し ない見本（exemplar）の写し違い（scribal errors）を含め、意味的・文法的・韻律的に不合理なものを 合理的なものに修正した。時には文字の追加もこれに含めた： e.g. eorl[as] (6a), sele-rǣden[d]e (51b). z

： 写本で薄れて（転写本 A, B でも）読み取ることはできないが、そこに元あったと 復元（restoration） x

推定される文字を意味的・文法的・韻律的見地からそれを復元した : e.g. sċeaþen[a] (4b), aldor-[lē]ase

(15b), ġe[ong g]uma (20a) z

補充・追加・挿入（supplement / addition / insertion） ： 写本あるいは転写本 A, B に語句の欠落（gap） はないが、 前 2 項目と同じ理由で語句の全部を補充した： e.g. [sōhte] (139b), [seċġum] (149b), [ac

se] (159a). z

拡張（expansion） ： 韻律分析（scansion）をする時、韻律型からいって、写本の縮約形（contracted form） ではなく、 7–8 世紀の初期の非縮約形が必要な場合には、 Wrenn の方式（Klaeber, Mitchell &

Robinson は circumflex を用いている）に従って MS form を拡張した： e.g. Līf-frē[ġe]a (16b)。 以上の変更箇所はすべて [ ] を用いて表記したが、上記補充以外の変更理由は Glossary でそれぞれ MS …; emended / restored / expanded by X のように説明し、補充は no gap in MS; supplied / added / inserted by X と記述した。 X は最初の提案者である。また韻律上省くべき音節の母音は、その母音字をイタリッ ： e.g. umbor-wesende (46b)。 ク体にした（Klaeber は下にドットを付す）

4. Text のその他の表示 z 行数を 5 行ごとに行頭に入れた。 写本ページの開始箇所も当該行頭に入れ、 Text と写本との比較対 照の便を図った。 z

正しく音読できるように重装備を施した。Text と Glossary には長音を示すマクロンを当該母音字の 上に付けた。 同じ目的から OE 独特の子音発音である口蓋化音（Palatalized sound）[j, tʃ, ʃ, (ŋ)ʤ] を 示すために , それぞれ該当子音字の上に ġ, ċ, sċ, (n)ġ のようにドットを付した。

z

複合語（人名を除く）には Text でも Glossary でもハイフンを付け前後の要素を明らかにした。一般の 接頭辞や副詞・前置詞に由来する接頭辞が付いたもの（分離動詞を含む）にはハイフンを Text では付 けず、Glossary では見出しの変化形の後の基本形に付けることにした。基本形のみの場合もハイフン を付けたので、この点 Text と異なる。ただし頻出する ġe- には Text でも Glossary でもハイフンを 付けなかった。接尾辞では -full, -lēas のみ Text でも Glossary でもハイフンを付けた。

z

複合語の語義は多くの場合、まず原義的な意味を ‘A-B’ のように示し、次に比喩的な意味を挙げた。

5. 対訳（Translation） z

半行対訳を基本にした。誰を指すのか分かりにくい場合、 Beowulf を（B）のような形で人名の頭文 字を入れた。事柄についても分かりにくいものを〔 〕で補足した。（ ）は訳文の補充である。

z

対訳スペース内に訳文を収めるために字間を詰めた箇所があるが、意図的な不整合である。

6. 語彙解（Glossary） 名詞・代名詞・形容詞の語形変化（Declension） z

見出し語の名詞・代名詞・形容詞は、性・格・数（変化形の場合は格・数・性がふつう）の順番で文法 事項を示した： e.g. fæder: masc. gen.sg., ‘father’, þone: whom: rel. pron., masc. acc.sg. of se, who,

gōd: adj., masc. nom.sg. ‘good’, daring, brave [G. gut], Gār-Dena: gen. of Gār-Dene, masc. pl., ‘Spear-Danes’. しかし名詞・代名詞が主格で主語になり、原文からも対訳からもそれが明らかな時に 、直前直後で は性・格・数を省略した場合もある。名詞に形容詞が性・格・数で一致し（OE の文法） 修飾する明らかな場合など性・格・数を省略した場合もある。

xi

形容詞 z

形容詞でも特に人名や人を表す代名詞のヴァリエーション（variation）で用いられるものは「…な人」 と解することができる場合が多いが、 Glossary ではそのような時、 se gōda: the brave (one) (675a) のように語義に（one）を付した。

前置詞 z

頻出する前置詞の多くは現代英語のどれにあたるか明瞭なので、最初のほうではすべて Glossary に 載せたが、次第に省略していった。また同じ前置詞が dat. をとる場合と acc. をとる場合があるが、こ れも最初のうちは w.dat. あるいは w.acc. と明記したが、支配する直後の名詞・代名詞の格から分か る場合は、次第に省略していった。

動詞 z

動詞の語義には to を付して動詞であることを明確にした。OE の動詞不定詞形は -an の語尾を持ち明 瞭であるので、助動詞に付く不定詞や「不定詞付き対格構文」に用いられる不定詞の場合も inf. の指 示を略した場合がある。

z

前置詞・副詞が動詞の本体の前に付加された分離動詞は、前述のように構成要素を明らかにするため

Glossary ではハイフンを入れて分かち書きし各要素を明らかにした。 語源 z

語源を比較的重視し、現代英語への発達形または同族語のドイツ語を各語の記述の最後に [ ] に入れ て参照させた。

z

すべての単語・複合語の語義欄でも現代英語の発達形で示せるものは ‘ 原義を示すためにも ‘

’ を用いたことは上述した。

xii

’ で括った。複合語の定義で

綴りと発音 （Spelling and Pronunciation） Beowulf における綴りと発音は、古英語一般と共通している。ラテン文字とルーン文字からなる OE の alphabet は本来表音的であったので、ローマ字読みで基本的にはよい。以下に強音節における綴りと発音 の表（例語は変化形も含む）を掲げ、説明を付す。 （写本には長音を示すマクロンや口蓋音を示すドットなど は無論用いられていないことに注意。 ） 母音字：

a [a]

ac ‘but’

ā [aː]

gār ‘spear’

æ [æ]

hwæt ‘what’

ǣ [æː]

ǣr ‘before’

e [e]

ellen ‘valour’

ē [eː]

brēme ‘famous’

i [i]

in ‘in’

ī [iː]

hwīle ‘while’

o [ɔ]

God ‘God’

ō [oː]

gōd ‘good’

u [u]

þurh ‘through’

ū [uː]

hū ‘how’

y [y]

þrym ‘glory’

ӯ [yː]

hӯran ‘to hear’

ea [ɛa]

ġeaf ‘gave’

ēa [εːa]

drēam ‘joy’

eo [eo]

eorl ‘earl’

ēo [eːo]

lēode ‘people’

ie [ie]

fierd ‘army’

īe [iːe]

hīe ‘they, them’

io [io]

Hiorot ‘Heorot’

īo [iːo]

sīo ‘she’

母音 a/o は n の前ではいずれも可能であった： e.g. la/ong ‘long’, ma/on(n) ‘man’, ma/oniġ ‘many’, stra/ong

‘strong’ など。2 重母音 ie, īe は early OE の綴りで、Beowulf のような late OE 形がふつうの作品では hīe ‘they, them’ 以外はまれで、多くは i, ī, y, ӯ になった。io, īo も late West-Saxon では少ない綴りであるが、 前述したように後半部の写字生 B が担当した部分に多い。そこでは eo, ēo の異綴りである。 なお、二重母音の第 2 要素は音韻学的には OE 期にすべてが [ə] になったと言われているが、ここでは 綴り字を一種の音標文字と解した。学習上はこの方が良いと思う。 子音字：

b, d, l, m, n, p, t は現代英語と同じである。 r は母音の後でも常に子音発音でトリル音であったと思わ れる。

f, s, þ (ð) は単独で有声音間にあるときはそれぞれ有声音の [v, z, ð] となり、語頭・語末・二重などの、 非有声音間では無声音の [f, s, θ] のままだった。有声音であれ無声音であれ二重になったときは長子音と なるが、実際には前の母音を促音で発音すると二重子音になる。 次に （硬）口蓋音化（palatalization）について説明する。ゲルマン語の軟口蓋音（velar sounds）の [k, g] は

OE ではふつう c, g で表記されたが、Primitive OE で当該子音の次に [e, j, i] が来たとき、後母音の i-umlaut による前母音化のように一種の前子音化的現象を起こして、それぞれ中間段階を経て OE 期には（硬）口蓋 化音 [ʧ ], [ j] に発達し、最終的にそれぞれが 2 音素に分裂した。これは他のゲルマン語に見られない OE xiii

独自の現象である。本書や入門書では（硬）口蓋化音には ċ, ġ のように綴り字にドットをつけて区別する。 一般の解説書では、 OE の文字分布から（硬）口蓋化音は前母音間や前母音の後で起こるとしているが、多 くは Primitive OE の段階で起こった現象であるので、OE の分布からは正確なことは言えない場合がある。 例えば、 c は ċeorl ‘churl’ (< Gmc *kerlaz, …) などでは硬口蓋化しているのに対し、 cēn ‘keen’ (< Gmc

*kōnjaz), cearu ‘care’ (< Gmc *karō), cyning ‘king’ (< Gmc *kunjam-iŋz) などでは、語頭子音は本来後母 音の前にあったものが、 種々の理由で前母音になったものの前に来ただけなので軟口蓋音のままである。 なお、ċ, ġ の後に硬口蓋音を示すためにしばしば e が添加される。

sc は Primitive OE では [sk] 音だったが、OE での発音は [ ʃ ] になった。この発音を sċ で表記した。 h は語中・語末で（語頭では気息音と言われる）前母音の（前）後で [ç]（「ひ」に近い音）、後母音の（前）後 と子音の後で [x]（「ほ」に近い音）と OE の分布でおのずと分かれるのは、ドイツ語の ch と同じである。

[ç] の例、driht ‘lord’, niht ‘night’ など。[x] の例、oftēah ‘deprived’, ūhtan ‘at dawn’, Wealhþēow などで ある。

cg は常に [ʤ] を表す。これも一種の硬口蓋化音であるので、本書では ċġ で表記した。例、seċġ ‘man’, seċġan say など。 ng は本来は [ŋ/ng] だが、このほか硬口蓋音化した [ŋʤ] の発音も Primitive OE の環境により生じた。 これを nġ と表記する。[ŋg] の例、Sċēfing ‘son of Sceaf’, sprang ‘sprang’, onfēng ‘received’, gangan ‘go’ など。 [ŋʤ] の例、 Henġest ‘Hengest（原義 horse）’, lenġra (adj.) ‘longer’, lenġ (adv.) ‘longer’, lenġest

(adv.) ‘longest’, strenġest ‘strongest’ など。

xiv

韻律と頭韻

Metre and Alliteration Beowulf の韻律は OE 詩一般、 ひいては古ゲルマン詩のそれと原理的には同じである。 即ち頭韻 （alliteration）と強弱のリズム型の組み合わせである。 詩行（long line）は前半行（a-verse）と後半行（b-verse）に分かれ、中間に休止（caesura）を置く。半行 のリズム型は Sievers（1893）によれば、次の 5 型に分かれるという。 ´ は主強音節、×は弱音節、 ` は副 強音節、 | は詩脚（foot）の切れ目を、それぞれ示す。

A: B: C: Da:

´ × | ´ × : þrym ġe|frūnon (2b) × ´ | × ´ : syððan ǣr|est wearð (6b) × ´ | ´ × : Oft Sċyld | Sċēfing (4a)

Db:

´ | ´ ` × : þāra | ymbsittendra (9b) ´ | ´ × ` : blǣd | wīde sprang (18b)

E:

´ ` × | ´ : meodo-setla of|tēah (5b)

以上、 Beowulf の最初の方から例を挙げた。基本的には各半行に強音部が 2 個ずつあり、 A は強弱強弱、

B は弱強弱強、C は弱強強弱、D は強強弱弱、E は強弱弱強のそれぞれリズム型になる。強音部は長母音 、あるいは短母音節＋2 子音か 節（二重母音節を含む）か、これに相当する短母音節＋短母音節（resolution） である。注意すべきは、A と D の各強音部に 1 個または 2 個の弱音節が先行することがあるが、これらは 余剰音（anacrusis）として数に入れない。また、 hypermetric verse（音節過剰詩句）と呼ばれる半行は、 D を除く 4 型にさらに強弱の詩脚が付加されたものを指す。 次に頭韻（alliteration）であるが、詩行での同じ語頭音の反復による押韻のことである。子音は同じ子音 同士、母音の場合はどの母音とも頭韻を踏む。ただし、sċ-, sp-, st- の場合は s- とは押韻せず、それぞれ同 一子音群同士と押韻する。また、ゲルマン語子音の c [k], g [g] は Primitive OE で口蓋化して OE では ċ

[tʃ ], ġ [ j] に音変化したものもあるが、c と ċ, g と ġ はそれぞれ頭韻を踏む。頭韻は前半行の二つの強音部 のどちらか一つか両方に、後半行の最初の強音部に置く a b : a c や a a : a b のパターンが標準的である。 後者のように半行で a a と頭韻を踏むものを二重頭韻（double alliteration）と呼ぶ。 さらに、 Hwæt, wē

Gār-Dena in ġēar-dagum（1）に お け る g d : ġ d の よ う な a b : a b の 押 韻 法 を 交 差 頭 韻（cross(ed) alliteration）と呼ぶ。 頭韻の働きは言うまでもなく、同音反復によって前半行と後半行を、時には半行内の詩脚同士を音的に も意味的にも結びつけることである。 詩行および半行での同一音の反復はリズムを刻み、 音調を良くし、 詩的効果を高めるのに役立つ。

xv

4 大王家の系図

Genealogy of the Four Dynasties デネ / デンマーク（Dene, Ingwine, Scyldingas）の王たちの系図（Klaeber, xxxi）

(Scyld ― Beow or Beowulf I ― Healfdene (See below) Heorogar (470–500)

Heoroweard (b. 490) Hrethric (b. 499)

Healfdene (445–498)

Hrothgar (473–525) m. Wealhtheow

Hrothmund (b. 500) Freawaru (b. 501) m. Ingeld of Heathobardan

Halga (475–503)

Hrothulf (495–545)

Daughter (no name) m. ?Onela of Sweon

イェーアタス（Geatas, Wederas, Hrethlingas）の王たちの系図（Klaeber, xxxviii）

Herebeald (470–502) Hæthcyn (472–510) Daughter (from 1st m.),

Hrethel (445–503) Hygelac (475–521) 2nd m. Hygd

Daughter  m. Ecgtheow

m. Eofor (slayer of Ongentheow) Heardred (511–533) Beowulf (b.495–)

xvi

スウェーデン（Sweon, Scylfingas）の王たちの系図（Klaeber, xxxviii）

Eanmund (505–533) Ohthere (478–532) Eadgils (b. 510, king 535)

Ongenthew (450–510)

Onela (480–535) m. Healfdene’s daughter

ヘアルフデネ（Healf-Dene）と東フリジア（East Fresan）の王たちの系図

Hnæf Hoc (Healf-Dene) Hildeburh Son (no name) Folc-walda (East Fresan)

Fin(n)

本作品の登場人物は、いずれかの王家に属している者が多く、系図をたどる必要がしばしば起こる。上 記王家の系図を活用し、人物間の関係の理解に役立ててほしい。なお、図中 m. は marriage / married の略 である。

xvii

原 文

対 訳

Text

Japanese Translation 語彙解

Glossary

129r

Beowulf ’s Text

半行対訳

(Proem)

（序）

HWÆT, WĒ GĀR-DEna in ġēar-dagum

いかにも我らは、 「槍の」デネの 過去における

þēod-cyninga þrym ġefrūnon,

国王たちの 栄光を伝え聞いた、

hū ðā æþelingas ellen fremedon!

貴人らが 武勇の業をなした次第を。

Oft Sċyld Sċēfing sċeaþen[a] þrēatum, 5

 しばしばシュルド・シェーヴィングは 敵の軍勢から、

moneġum mǣġþum meodo-setla oftēah,

5

多くの部族から 酒宴の座を奪い取り、

eġsode eorl[as], syððan ǣrest wearð

武将たちを恐怖せしめた、 初め孤児として

fēa-sċeaft funden; hē þæs frōfre ġebād,

拾われて以来； 彼はそれゆえ慰めを得て、

wēox under wolcnum weorð-myndum þāh,

天が下に力を増し、 誉れ栄え、

oðþæt him ǣġhwylċ þāra ymbsittendra

ついに皆が彼に 近隣の者たちは

1a. HWÆT: interj., indeed, behold, lo [what]; see Com. WĒ: ‘we’: Hwæ t wē…ġefrūnon, ‘Indeed, we heard of …’, epic formula, cf. Andreas, Exodus, The Fates of the Apostles, etc. GĀR-DEna: gen. of Gār-Dene, masc.pl., ‘SpearDanes’; cf. gār, spear + Dene, the Danes; modifies þēod-cyninga.

1b. in: prep., w.dat., ‘in’, on. ġēar-dagum: dat.

of ġēar-dagas, masc. pl., ‘days of yore’, former days; also in 1354a, 2233a. 2a. þēod-cyninga: gen.pl. of þēodcyning, masc., ‘people-king’; modifies þrym. 2b. þrym: masc. acc.sg., glory.

ġefrūnon: pret. 3pl. of ġefriġnan,

st.3, to learn (by asking), hear of. 3a. hū: conj., ‘how’; introduces the object clause amplifying the content of þrym. ðā: nom.pl. of se, def. art., the, that. æþelingas: nom.pl. of æ þeling, masc., ‘a member of a noble family’, prince, hero [atheling]. 3b. ellen: neut. acc.sg., courage, deeds of valour; forms a collocation with fremman, so in 637a [ellen]. fremedon: pret. 3pl. of fremman, wk.1, to do, perform [freme]. 4a. Oft: adv., ‘oft’, often. Sċyld: masc. nom.sg., legendary Danish king, founder of the Scylding dynasty; see Com.

Sċēfing: masc., appellation of

Sċyld; Sċēaf ‘sheaf’ + -ing, patronymic, ‘a son of’. 4b. sċeaþen[a]: gen.pl. of sċeaða, wk. masc., enemy; modifies þrēatum; MS sceaþen.; restored by Wanley. þrēatum: dat.pl. of þrēat, masc., threatening troop [threat]. 5a. moneġum: fem. dat.pl. of moniġ, maniġ, adj., ‘many’.

mǣġþum: dat.pl. of mǣ ġþ fem., tribe, nation; moneġum

mǣ ġþum is a variation of sċeaþen[a] þrēatum. 5b. meodo-setla: gen.pl. of meodo-setl, neut., ‘mead-seat’, meadbench. oftēah: pret. 3sg. of of-tēon, st.1, to ‘pull off ’, deprive; ‘took away mead-seats’ = subjugated; w.dat. of person and gen. of thing; see Com. 6a. eġsode: pret. 3sg. of eġsian, wk.2, to terrify. eorl[as]: acc.pl. of eorl masc., nobleman [earl]; MS eorl; emended by Kemble; see Com. 6b. syððan: conj., when, after [since]; introduces the adverbial clause up to funden. ǣrest: adv., first [erst]; supl. of ǣ r, before [ere]. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become, be; as aux. it forms passive with funden. 7a. fēa-sċeaft: adj., masc. nom.sg., having ‘few’ things, destitute. funden: pp. of findan, st.3, to ‘find’. 7b. þæs: for that, i.e. for his destitution: gen.sg. of þæ t, neut., ‘that’; adverbial. frōfre: acc.sg. of frōfor, fem. / masc., consolation; the meaning of frōfor is explained in the following 8a−11a. ġebād: pret. 3sg. of ġebīdan, st.1, to experience; w.acc. 8a. wēox: pret. 3sg. of wēaxan, st.7, to grow, prosper [wax]. under: prep., w.dat., ‘under’. wolcnum: dat. of wolcen, neut., cloud, in pl., clouds, sky [welkin; G. wolks]; under wolcnum, ‘under the sky or heaven’. 8b. weorð-myndum: in honour: dat.pl. of weorð-mynd, fem., ‘worth-mind’, glory, honour. þāh: pret. 3sg. of þēon, st.1, to succeed, prosper. 9a. oðþæt: conj., until. him: ‘him’: dat. ǣġhwylċ: every one: masc. nom.sg.; subject, w.gen.pl. (þāra ymbsittendra). 9b. þāra: ‘of those’: masc. gen.pl. of se, demon. pron., that. ymbsittendra: gen.pl. of ymb-sittend, masc., ‘near sitting’ (one), neighbour [cf. sit].

1

10

15

20

ofer hron-rāde hӯran sċolde,

10

鯨の道を渡って 服従し、

gomban ġyldan; þæt wæs gōd cyning!

貢物を献じるようになった； それは立派な王であった！

Đǣm eafera wæs æfter cenned

彼には王子が 後に生まれた、

ġeong in ġeardum þone God sende

若君が宮殿に、 彼を神が送られたのであった、

folce to frōfre; fyren-ðearfe onġeat,

国民の慰めとして； 神は窮状を認められたのだ、

þæt hīe ǣr drugon aldor-[lē]ase

15

彼らが苦しんでいたのを、 王を持たずに

lange hwīle; him þæs Līf-frē[ġe]a,

長い間； 命の主がこのため王子に、

wuldres Wealdend worold-āre forġeaf.

栄光の支配者が、 この世の誉れを賜ったのだ。

Bēowulf wæs brēme ― blǣd wīde sprang ―

ベーオ （ウルフ）は名高く  ― 名声は遠く及んだ ―

Sċyldes eafera Sċedelandum in.

シュルドの息子は シェデランドの国では。

Swā sċeal ġe[ong g]uma gōde ġewyrċean,

20

若者はかくなすべきである 美徳によって、

10a. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. hron-rāde: acc.sg. of hron-rād, fem., ‘whale-road’, i.e. sea; a kenning for ‘sea’ along with (ofer) swan-rāde, ‘swan-road’ in 200a. 10b. hӯran: wk.1, to obey [hear]; w.dat.; also hӯrdon in 66a, hȳran in 2754a; cf. with acc. to ‘hear of ’. sċolde: pret. 3sg. of sċulan, to have to, be to [shall]. 11a. gomban: acc.sg. of gombe, wk. fem., tribute. ġyldan: inf. st.3, to pay, repay [yield]. 11b. þæt: pron., that one, he. wæs: ‘was’: pret. 3sg. of wesan, to be. gōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘good’, daring, brave [G. gut]. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 12a. Ðǣm: to him, i.e. Scyld: masc. dat.sg. of se, demon. pron. eafera: wk. masc. nom.sg., offspring, child; subject. 12b. æfter: adv., afterwards. cenned: masc. nom.sg., pp. of cennan, wk.1, to bear, bring forth a child; cf. cynn, ‘kin’. 13a. ġeong: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘young’ (one); a modifier or variation of eafera. in: prep. w.dat., ‘in’. ġeardum: dat.pl. of ġeard, masc., dwelling, ‘yard’. 13b. þone: whom: rel. pron., masc. acc.sg. of se. God: masc. nom.sg., ‘God’. sende: pret. 3sg. of sendan, wk.1, to ‘send’. 14a. folce: dat.sg. of folc, neut., ‘folk’, people. tō: prep. w.dat., ‘to’, for, as; signifies ‘aim, object’. frōfre: dat.sg. of frōfor, fem. / masc., consolation. 14b. fyrenðearfe: acc.sg. of fyren-ðearf, fem., dire distress; fyren, ‘wicked deed’ and þearf, ‘need, difficulty’. onġeat: pret. 3sg. of on-ġitan, on-ġytan, st.5, to perceive. 15a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; see Com. hīe: they. ǣr: adv., before [ere]; forms the pluperfect with pret. drugon: pret. 3pl. of drēogan, st.2, to suffer. 15b. aldor-[lē]ase: masc. nom.pl. of (e)aldorlēas, adj., without a leader or lord [-less; cf. alderman]; MS ..ase; restored by Grundtvig. 16a. lange: fem. acc.sg. of long, lang, adj., ‘long’. hwīle: acc.sg. of hwīl, fem., time [while]; adverbial acc. 16b. him: to him, i.e. Scyld’s son. þæs: for that: gen.sg. of þæ t, neut., ‘that’. Līf-frē[ġe]a: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘Lord of Life’, God; subject; līf, ‘life’ + frēa, lord, king; MS liffrea; expanded by Wrenn for metre; see Com. 17a. wuldres : gen.sg. of wuldor, neut., glory. Wealdend: masc. nom.sg., ‘Ruler’, the Lord; from pres. part. of wealdan, st.7, to rule [wield]. 17b. worold-āre: acc.sg. of worold-ār, fem., ‘worldly honour’ [cf. G. Ehre]. forġeaf: pret. 3sg. of for-ġifan, st.5, to grant; for- is an intensifier. 18a. Bēowulf: masc., Danish king, son of Scyld; now Bēow preferred; see Com. wæs: ‘was’. brēme: adj., masc. nom.sg., renowned. 18b. blǣd: masc. nom.sg., fame, glory. wīde: adv., widely. sprang: pret. 3sg. of springan, st.3, to ‘spring’, spread. 19a. Sċyldes: gen. of Scyld. eafera: wk. masc. nom.sg, son; Sċyldes eafera, i.e. Beowulf. 19b. Sċedelandum: dat.pl. of Sċede-land, neut., southern part of Scandinavia, i.e. Dene. in: prep., w.dat., ‘in’; postpositioned. 20a. Swā: adv., ‘so’, thus; see Com. sċeal: ought to: pres. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., ‘shall’. ġe[ong: adj., ‘young’. g]uma: wk. masc. nom.sg., man; MS ge.... .uma; restored by Grein. 20b. gōde: dat.sg. of gōd, neut., ‘good’ deeds. ġewyrċean: wk.1, to perform [work].

2

129v

25

fromum feoh-ġiftum on fæder |[bear]me,

豪華な贈物によって 父の保護下にある時に、

þæt hine on ylde eft ġewuniġen

老いた時 後で味方になるように

wil-ġesīþas, þonne wīġ cume,

心ある者らが、 戦になった時、 

lēode ġelǣsten; lof-dǣdum sċeal

国民が仕えてくれるように； 武勇によって

in mǣġþa ġehwǣre man ġeþēo[ha]n.

25

Him ðā Sċyld ġewāt tō ġesċæp-hwīle

30

いずれの国も 人は栄えるもの。  さてシュルドは出発した 定めの時が来て、

fela-hrōr fēran on Frēan wǣre;

非常に豪胆だった者が 主の御胸に赴くべく；

hī hyne þā ætbǣron tō brimes faroðe,

人々は彼をそこから運んだ 潮の流れに、

swǣse ġesīþas, swā hē selfa bæd,

親しき家来たちは、 彼が自ら命じたように、

þenden wordum wēold wine Sċyldinga,

30

まだ言葉が自由だった時に シュルディンガスの主君が、

lēof land-fruma lange āhte.

愛しい王が 長く治めていた時に。

Þǣr æt hӯðe stōd hringed-stefna

その港には停泊していた 環形の舳先の船が

21a. fromum: fem. dat.pl. of from, adj., splendid. feoh-ġiftum: dat.pl. of feoh-ġift, fem., ‘fee (= rich)-gifts’. 21b. on: prep., w.dat., ‘on’, in. fæder: masc. gen.sg., ‘father’. [bea]rme: dat.sg. of bearm, masc., bosom; MS...rme; restored by Wyatt-Chambers. 22a. þæt: conj., so that, in order that; with subj. hine: masc. acc.sg., him, i.e. Beowulf or Beow; the object of ġelǣ sten. on: prep. w.dat., in, at. ylde: dat.sg. of yldo, wk. fem., old age; cf. eald ‘old’. 22b. eft: adv., afterwards, in turn. ġewuniġen: pres. subj. 3pl. of ġewunian, wk.2, to remain with; w.acc. 23a. wilġesīþas: nom.pl. of wil-ġesīþ, masc., ‘dear companions’; subject. 23b. þonne: conj., when. wīġ: neut. / masc. nom. sg., battle, warfare. cume: pres. subj. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’, happen. 24a. lēode: people: masc. nom.pl. [G. Leute]. ġelǣsten: pres. subj. 3pl. of ġelǣ stan, wk.1, to serve, stand by; lēode ġelǣ sten is parallel to ġewuniġe wilġesīþas. 24b. lof-dǣdum: dat.pl. of lof-dǣ d, fem., ‘praiseworthy deed’. sċeal: ‘shall’, ought to, is to. 25a. mǣġþa: gen.pl. of mǣ ġþ, fem., tribe, nation. ġehwǣre: fem. dat.sg. of ġehwā, pron., each. 25b. man: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’, one; subject. ġeþēo[ha]n: st.1, to prosper; MS geþeon; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 26a. Him: himself; refl. ðā: adv., then. ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart, go; often with refl. and inf. 26b. tō: prep. w.dat., (time) at, in. ġesċæp-hwīle: dat.sg. of ġesċæ p-hwīl, fem., ‘fated time’. 27a. fela-hrōr: adj., very vigorous; fela ‘many, much’ is here an intensifier. fēran: wk.1, to ‘fare’, go. 27b. on: prep. w.acc. (motion), on to, into. Frēan: gen. of Frēa, wk. masc., the Lord. wǣre: acc.sg. of wǣ r, fem., protection, safe-keeping. 28a. hī: = hīe: they: subject. hyne: = hine: him, i.e. Scyld. þā: adv., then. ætbǣron: pret. 3pl. of æ t-beran, st.4, to ‘bear’ away. tō: prep., w.dat., ‘to’, towards. brimes: gen.sg. of brim, neut., sea. faroðe: dat.sg. of faroð, masc. / neut., current. 29a. swǣse: masc. nom.pl. of swǣ s, adj., close, dear. ġesīþas: nom.pl. of ġesīð, masc., retainer; see 23a; parallel to hī. 29b. swā: conj., just as. selfa: wk. masc. nom.sg. of self, pron., ‘self’; appositive to hē as ‘he himself’. bæd: pret. 3sg. of biddan, st.5, to ask, entreat [cf. bid]. 30a. þenden: conj., while, when. wordum: dat.pl. of word, neut., ‘word’. wēold: pret. 3sg. of wealdan, st.7, to ‘wield’, control; w.dat. object. 30b. wine: masc. nom.sg, friendly lord. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas, masc. pl., Scyldingas, descendants of Scyld; poetic name of Dene Danes; wine Sċyldinga, i.e. Scyld. 31a. lēof: adj., dear, beloved [lief; G. lieb]. land-fruma: wk. masc. nom.sg, prince of the ‘land’, king; subject. 31b. lange: adv., ‘long’. āhte: pret. 3sg. of āgan, pret.-pres., to ‘own’, rule. 32a. Þǣr: adv., ‘there’. æt: prep., w.dat., ‘at’. hӯðe: dat.sg. of hȳð, fem., harbour. stōd: pret. 3sg. of standan, st.6, to ‘stand’, be present. 32b. hringedstefna: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘ring-prowed’ ship; cf. 1131a.

3

35

40

īsiġ ond ūtfūs, æþelinges fær;

氷に覆われ出帆の用意ができて、 王の船が；

ālēdon þā lēofne þēoden,

人々はそれから横たえた 親愛なる長を、

bēaga bryttan on bearm sċipes,

35

指輪の分配者を 船の中心に

mǣrne be mæste. Þǣr wæs mādma fela

栄えた方をマストのそばに。 そこにあまたの宝物が

of feor-wegum frætwa ġelǣded.

とつ国からの、 飾り物が運び込まれた。

Ne hӯrde iċ cӯmlīcor ċēol ġeġyrwan

私は聞いたことがないそれより美しく 舟が飾られたのを、

hilde wǣpnum ond heaðo-wǣdum

戦の武器と 戦の武具で

billum ond byrnum; him on bearme læġ

40

剣と鎖帷子で； 彼の胸の上には積まれた、

mādma mæniġo, þā him mid sċoldon

あまたの宝が、 それらは彼と共に

on flōdes ǣht feor ġewītan.

流れの懐に 遠く旅立つことになった。

Nalæs hī hine lǣssan lācum tēodan,

彼らは彼に決してより少ない 贈物を供えることはなかった、

þēod-ġestrēonum, þon þā dydon,

国民の宝を、 あの人たちが供えたよりも、

33a. īsiġ: adj., ‘icy’. ond, conj., ‘and’; 7 in MS. ūt-fūs: adj., eager to set out. 33b. æþelinges: gen.sg. of æ þeling, masc., prince; see 3a. fær: neut. nom.sg., ship; cf. faran to go; parallel to hringed-stefna as subject. 34a. The following descriptions of Scyld’s funeral are mostly evidenced in the Sutton Hoo ship-burial; see Evans (1989). ālēdon: pret. 3pl. of ā-leċġan, wk.1, to ‘lay down’. þā: adv., then. 34b. lēofne: masc. acc.sg., of lēof, adj.; see 31a. þēoden: masc. acc.sg., lord. 35a. bēaga: gen.pl. of bēag, masc., ring. bryttan: acc.sg. of brytta, wk. masc., distributor; bēaga bryttan is a variation of lēofne þēoden. 35b. on: prep., w.acc. (motion): on to, into. bearm: acc. sg. masc., bosom, hold of a ship. sċipes: gen.sg. of sċip, neut., ‘ship’. 36a. mǣrne: masc. acc.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous; modifies bēaga bryttan or is used as noun: the famous one. be: prep., ‘by’, beside. mæste: dat.sg. of mæ st, masc., ‘mast’. 36b. Þǣr: adv., ‘there’. mādma: gen.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. fela: adj., many (of); takes gen.pl.; noun use. 37a. of: prep., w.dat., from, out of. feor-wegum: dat.pl. of feor-weġ, masc., ‘far way’, distant country. 37b. frætwa: gen. of fræ twe, fem. pl., ornaments, decorated armour or weapons; parallel to mādma. ġelǣded: pp. of lǣ dan, wk.1, to ‘lead’, bring; forms passive with wæ s. 38a. Ne: adv., not. hӯrde: pret. 1sg. of hȳran, wk.1, to ‘hear’ of; takes acc. & inf. iċ: pron., ‘I’, i.e. the narrator of this poem. cӯmlīcor: compar. of cȳmlīċe, adv., finely, handsomely [cf. comely]. 38b. ċēol: masc. acc.sg., ship [cf. keel]. ġeġyrwan: wk.1, to gear, adorn; cf. ġearu, ready. 39a. hilde-wǣpnum: instr.-dat.pl. of hilde-wǣ pen, neut., ‘war-weapon’. 39b. heaðo-wǣdum: dat.pl. of heaðo-wǣ d, fem., ‘battle-dress’, armour. 40a. billum: dat.pl. of bil(l), neut., sword [bill]. byrnum: dat.pl. of byrne, wk. fem., corslet [byrnie]. 40b. him: = ‘him’: poss. dat. on: prep., w.dat., ‘on’. bearme: dat.sg. of bearm, masc., bosom, lap; see 35b; him on bearme, ‘on his bosom’. læġ: pret. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’. 41a. mādma: see 36b. mæniġo: = meniġeo, wk. fem. nom.sg., multitude, a great many. 41b. þā: rel. pron., nom.pl., which. mid: prep., w.dat., with (him); postpositioned [G. mit]. sċoldon: pret. 3pl. of sċulan, pret.-pres., have to, be to, ‘should’. 42a. on: prep., w.acc. (motion), on to, into. flōdes: gen.sg. of flōd, masc., ‘flood’. ǣht: fem. acc.sg., possession, power. 42b. feor: adv., ‘far’. ġewītan: st.1, to depart, go. 43a. Nalæs: adv., not at all. hī: they, i.e. Scyld’s retainers. hine: ‘him’: acc. lǣssan: less, lesser: compar., neut. dat.pl., of lȳtel, adj., ‘little’, small. 43b. lācum: with gifts: instr.-dat.pl. of lāc, neut., gift. tēodan: pret. 3pl. of tēon, wk.2, to provide, furnish (with). 44a. þēodġestrēonum: instr.-dat.pl. of þēod-ġestrēon, neut., people’s treasure. 44b. þon: = þonne: conj., ‘than’. þā: demon. pron., nom.pl., those (who). dydon: pret. 3pl. of dōn, anom., to ‘do’; pro-verb of tēodan.

4

45 130r

50

þē hine æt frum-sċeafte forð onsendon

45

彼を最初に 送り出した （人たちよりも）

ǣnne ofer ӯðe umbor-we|sende.

ただ独り波間に （彼の）子供の時に。

Þā ġӯt hīe him āsetton seġen g[yl]denne

それから人々は立てた、 黄金の旗を

hēah ofer hēafod, lēton holm beran,

彼の頭上高く、 海に （彼を）運ばせ、

ġēafon on gār-seċġ; him wæs ġeōmor sefa,

大海に （彼を）委ねた； 彼らの心は悲しく、

murnende mōd. |Men ne cunnon

50

哀悼の意を表した。 人々はできない、

seċġan tō sōðe, sele-rǣden[d]e,

しかと言うことが、 王宮の顧問官たちは、

hæleð under heofenum, hwā þǣm hlæste onfēng.

天の下の武士らは、 誰がその舟荷を受け取ったかを。

45a. þē: rel. particle, who. æt: prep., w.dat., ‘at’. frum-sċeafte: dat.sg. of frum-sċeaft, fem., ‘beginning-creation’, first. 45b. forð: adv., ‘forth’, forward. onsendon: pret. 3pl. of on-sendan, wk.1, to ‘send away’. 46a. ǣnne: alone, only: masc. acc.sg. of ān, ‘one’. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. ӯðe: acc.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. 46b. umborwesende: adj. (pres. part.), masc. acc.sg., (when) being a child; umbor-‘child’ + wesan ‘to be’. 47a. Þā ġӯt: adv., ‘then yet’, furthermore. hīe: they. him: ‘him’: poss. dat.; modifies hēafod. āsetton: pret. 3pl. of ā-settan, wk.1, to ‘set up’. 47b. seġen: acc.sg. of seġn, masc. / neut., banner, standard [cf. sign]. g[yl]denne: masc. acc.sg of gylden, adj., ‘golden’; MS g. / denne; restored by Kemble; see Com. 48a. hēah: adj., masc. / neut. acc.sg., ‘high’; adverbial. ofer: prep. w.acc., ‘over’. hēafod: neut. acc.sg., ‘head’. 48b. lēton: pret. 3pl. of lǣ tan, st.7, to ‘let’, allow; takes acc. & inf. holm: masc. acc.sg., sea, water [holm]. beran: st.4, to ‘bear’, carry. 49a. ġēafon: pret. 3pl. of ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’. on: prep., w.acc. (motion), on to, into. gār-seċġ: masc. acc.sg., ocean, sea; ‘spear-man’ refers to Neptune. 49b. him: them: poss. dat.; modifies sefa and mōd. wæs: ‘was’. ġeōmor: adj., sad, mournful. sefa: wk. masc. nom. sg., mind, heart. 50a. murnende: mourning: pres. part. neut. nom.sg. of murnan, st.3, to ‘mourn’, sorrow. mōd: neut., mind, heart [mood]; murnende mōd is parallel to ġeōmor sefa. 50b. Men: nom.pl. of mon(n), man(n), masc., ‘man’. ne: adv., not. cunnon: pres. 3pl. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to be able, know [can]. 51a. seċġan: wk.3, to ‘say’, tell. tō sōðe: in truth, for certain. tō: prep., ‘to’, as, in. sōðe: dat.sg. of sōð, neut., truth, ‘sooth’. 51b. selerǣden[d]e: nom.pl. of sele-rǣ dend, masc., ‘hall-counsellor’; sele, ‘hall’ and rǣ dan, to counsel; MS seleræ denne; emended by Kemble. 52a. hæleð: nom.pl. of hæ le, hæ leð, masc., warrior; a variation of sele-rǣ den[d]e. heofenum: dat.pl. of heofon, masc., ‘heaven’; poetic pl. 52b. hwā: interr. pron., ‘who’. þǣm: masc. / neut. dat.sg. of se, the, that. hlæste: dat.sg. of hlæ st, masc. / neut., freight, load. onfēng: pret. 3sg. of on-fōn, st.7, to receive; takes dat. object.

5

I

・I・

ÐĀ wæs on burgum Bēowulf Sċyldinga,

 さて城市の シュルディンガスのベーオウルフは、

lēof lēod-cyning longe þrāge 55

60

親愛なる国王は 長い間

folcum ġefrǣġe ― fæder ellor hwearf,

55

諸国民に名高かった  ― 父はあの世へ去った、

aldor of earde ―, oþ þæt him eft onwōc

国王は祖国から ―  やがて彼に生まれた、

hēah Healfdene;

気高いヘアルフデネが； 生きている間支配した、

hēold þenden lifde

gamol ond gūð-rēouw glæde Sċyldingas.

老いて戦に猛しい方は 栄光のシュルディンガスを。

Ðǣm fēower bearn forð-ġerīmed

彼には 4 人の子供が 結局全部で

in worold wōcun, weoroda rǣswan,

60

この世に生まれた、 軍勢の武将たちが、

Heorogār ond Hrōðgār ond Hālga til;

ヘオロガ−ルとフロースガ−ルと 立派なハ−ルガが、

hӯrde iċ þæt [Ȳrse wæs On]elan cwēn,

私の聞いたところではユールゼは オネラの妃、

53a. ÐĀ: adv., then; see Com. burgum: dat.pl. of burh, fem., stronghold [borough]. 53b. Bēowulf: nom.; see 18a. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas, masc. pl.; see 30b; Sċyldinga also occurs in 148, 170, 229, 291, 351, 371, 428, 456, 500, 663, 778, etc, 2101 (Sċildunga), 2159 (Sċyldunga). 54a. lēof: adj., dear, beloved; see 31a. lēod-cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘people-king’. 54b. longe: fem. acc.sg of long, lang, adj., ‘long’; cf. 16a lange. þrāge: adverbial acc.sg. of þrāg, fem., time; longe þrāge, ‘for a long time’; similar phrases appear in 114a, 1257b lange þrāge, 1915a lange tīd, 2159b lange hwīle, 2780a longe hwīle. 55a. folcum ġefrǣġe: famous among peoples. folcum: dat.pl. of folc, neut., ‘folk’, people, nation; see 14a. ġefrǣġe: adj., renowned. 55b. fæder: masc. nom.sg., ‘father’, i.e. Scyld. ellor: adv., elsewhere; means ‘to the other world’. hwearf: pret. 3sg. of hweorfan, st.3, to turn, go [G. werfen]. 56a. aldor: nom.sg. of (e)aldor, masc., king, chief [alderman]; a variation of fæ der. of: prep., w.dat., from, out of [of]. earde: dat.sg. of eard, masc., native land [G. Erde]; hweorfan of earde ‘to turn from (one’s) homeland’ is a periphrasis of ‘to die’. 56b. oþ þæt: conj., until. him: to him, i.e. Beow(ulf): dat. eft: adv., afterwards. onwōc: pret. 3sg. of onwæ cnan, st.6, to arise, be born [awake(n)]. 57a. hēah: adj., masc. nom.sg., lofty, exalted [high]. Healfdene: masc. nom.sg., Danish king, father of Hrothgar [half, Dene]; subject. 57b. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, rule. þenden: conj., while, as long as; see 30a. lifde: pret. 3sg. of libban, wk.3, to ‘live’; the (omitted) subject of hēold and lifde is Healfdene. 58a. gamol: adj., masc. nom.sg., old, aged (one). gūð-reouw: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-fierce’ (one); gamol ond gūð-reouw is noun use as the subject referring to Healfdene. 58b. glæde: masc. acc.pl., of glæ d, adj., glorious [glad]. 59a. Ðǣm: to him, i.e. Healfdene: masc. dat.sg. of se, that (one). fēower: ‘four’: neut. nom.pl. bearn: neut. nom.pl., sons, children [Sc. bairn]. 59b. forð-ġerīmed: masc. nom.pl., (pp.), counted up, all told. 60a. in: prep., w.acc. (motion), into [in]. worold: fem. acc.sg., ‘world’. wōcun: = wōcon: pret. 3pl. of wæ cnan, st.6, to arise, spring, be born [waken]; see 56b. 60b. weoroda: gen.pl. of werod, neut., troop, army. rǣswa[n]: nom.pl. of rǣ swa wk. masc, prince, leader; MS ræ swa; emended by Kemble; all the recent editors take it as dat.sg.; see Com. 61a. Heorogār: masc. nom.sg., Danish king, elder brother of Hrothgar; heoro ‘sword’ + gār ‘spear’. Hrōðgār: masc. nom.sg: fifth Danish king; hrōð, ‘glory, victory’ + gār ‘spear’: ON Hróðgeirr, Hróarr. 61b. Hālga: masc. nom.sg., Danish prince, younger brother of Hrothgar; hālig. ‘holy, inviolable’: ON Helgi. til: adj., masc. nom.sg., good; see Com. 62a. hӯrde: pret. 1sg., of hȳran to ‘hear’. iċ: ‘I’, i.e. the narrator. þæt: conj. ‘that’. [Ȳrse : Healfdene’s daughter’s name may be filled here; see Com. 62b. On]elan : gen. of Onela, wk. masc., Swedish king, son of Ongentheow, married Healfdene’s daughter: [ON Áli]; no gap in MS between þæ t and elan; supplied by Malone. cwēn: fem. nom.sg., ‘queen’.

6

Heaðo-Sċilfingas heals-ġebedda.

「戦の」シュルヴィンガスの 愛しの伴侶だった。

Þā wæs Hrōðgāre here-spēd ġyfen, 65

130v 70

それからフロースガールに 戦勝が与えられた、

wīġes weorð-mynd, þæt him his wine-māgas

65

戦の栄光が、 その結果、彼に彼の家来たちは

ġeorne hӯrdon, oðð þæt sēo ġeogoð ġewēox,

喜んで服従し、 やがてその若者たちは数を増し

mago-driht miċel. Him on mōd bearn,

若武者の大部隊になった。 彼の心に浮かんだ、

þæt heal-reċed hātan wolde,

広間を 命じたい気持ちが

|medo-ærn miċel men ġewyrċean

大きな宴会の広間を 人々に建てることを、

þon[n]e yldo bearn ǣfre ġefrūnon,

70

人の子らが これまで聞いたこともないような、

ond þǣr on innan eall ġedǣlan

そしてその中で すべてを分配したい気持ちが

ġeongum ond ealdum, swylċ him God sealde

若者にも老人にも 神が彼に与えたものを、

būton folc-sċare ond feorum gumena.

入会地と 人の命以外の （ものを）。

Ðā iċ wīde ġefræġn weorc ġebannan

それから私は聞いた、 彼が作業を広く命じるのを、

63a. Heaðo-Sċyilfingas: = -Sċyilfinges: masc. gen.sg., ‘Battle-Scylfing’, a poetic name of Onela; see Com. 63b. heals-ġebedda: wk. fem., ‘neck-bedfellow’; around her neck the arms are thrown. 64a. Þā: adv., then. Hrōðgāre: dat. of Hrōðgār; see 61a. 64b. here-spēd: fem. nom.sg., ‘war-success’; the subject of passive. ġyfen: pp. of ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’. 65a. wīġes: gen.sg. of wīġ, neut., battle, warfare. weorð-mynd: fem. nom.sg., ‘worth-memory’, honour, glory [mind, OE ġemynd]; wīġes weorð-mynd is a variation of here-spēd. 65b. þæt: conj., so that; signifies result. wine-māgas: nom.pl. of wine-mǣ ġ, masc., ‘friend-kinsman’. 66a. ġeorne: adv., eagerly, willingly [G. gern]. hӯrdon: pret. 3pl. of hӯran, wk.1, to obey; cf. Japanese ‘(yukotowo) kiku’ meaning ‘shitagau’. 66b. oðð þæt: = oþþæ t: conj., until; see 56b. sēo: the: fem. nom.sg.; ultimate origin of ‘she’? ġeogoð: fem. nom.sg., ‘youth’, young persons. ġewēox: pret. 3sg. of ġeweaxan, st.7, to grow, increase, ‘wax’. 67a. mago-driht: fem. nom.sg, ‘sonsarmy’, troop of young retainers; a variation of sēo ġeogoð. miċel: adj., fem. nom.sg., great, large [much]; this may not be attributive but descriptive as complement of ġewēox. 67b. Him: ‘him’: poss. dat. on: prep., w.acc., to, into. mōd: neut. acc.sg., mind [mood]. bearn: pret. 3sg. of be-irnan, st.3, to occur to (in impers. use) [run]. 68a. þæt: conj., ‘that’: introduces the subject clause. heal-reċed: neut. acc.sg., ‘hall’-building. 68b. hātan: st.7, to order, command; w.acc. & inf. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., to want,‘will’. 69a. medo-ærn: neut. acc.sg., ‘mead’ -hall. miċel: adj., neut. acc.sg., great; logically, comparative māre is required. 69b. men: ‘men’: masc. acc.pl. ġewyrċean: wk.1, to make, build [work]. 70a. þon[n]e: conj., ‘than’; MS þon., A, B þone; emended by Grundtvig but Jack retains MS reading; for his interpretation, see Jack, p. 32. yldo: gen. of ylde, masc. pl., men [cf. old, elder]. bearn: neut. nom.pl., children of men, people [bairn]. 70b. ǣfre: adv., ‘ever’. ġefrūnon: pret. 3pl. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to learn, hear of. 71a. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. on innan: adv., within, inside. 71b. eall: ‘all’: neut. acc.sg.; antecedent of rel. swylċ. ġedǣlan: wk.1, to ‘deal’ out, distribute; parallel to hātan. 72a. ġeongum: dat.pl. of ġeong, adj. ‘young’ (one); as noun. ealdum: dat.pl. of adj., eald, ‘old’ (one) [G. alt]; ġeongum ond ealdum, ‘to young and old’. 72b. swylċ: rel. pron., neut. acc.sg., such as, which; eall is its antecedent. sealde: pret. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to give, present [sell]. 73a. būton: prep., w.dat., except [but]. folc-sċare: dat.sg. of folc-sċaru, fem., ‘folk’-land; see Com. 73b. feorum: dat.pl. of feorh, neut., life. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man [bridegroom]. 74a. Ða: adv., then. iċ: ‘I’, i.e. the narrator. wīde: adv., far and ‘wide’. ġefræġn: pret. 1sg. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to learn, hear of; see 70b. 74b. weorc: neut. acc.sg., ‘work’. ġebannan: st.7, to bid, order [ban].

7

75

80

85

maniġre mǣġþe ġeond þisne middan-ġeard,

75

多くの部族に この中津国の、

folc-stede frætwan. Him on fyrste ġelomp,

この宮殿を飾るように。 人々にやがて起こった

ǣdre mid yldum, þæt hit wearð eal-ġearo,

早くも人々の間に、 それが完成したことが、

heal-ærna mǣst; sċōp him Heort naman

広間の最大のものが； それにヘオロトという名を付けた。

sē þe his wordes geweald wīde hæfde.

言葉の支配力を 広く持つ人 (H) は。

Hē bēot ne ālēh, bēagas dǣlde,

80

彼は約束を反故にすることなく 指輪を分けた、

sinc æt symle. Sele hlīfade

宝石を宴会で。 館はそびえ立った 

hēah ond horn-ġēap; heaðo-wylma bād,

高くそして切妻も広く； 戦火を受けることになった、

lāðan līġes; ne wæs hit lenġe þā ġēn,

敵意の炎の； まだずっと先のことではなかった、

þæt se [e]ċġ-hete āþum-swē[orum]

刃の恨みが 義理の息子と義理の父との間の

æfter wæl-nīðe wæcnan sċolde.

85

恐ろしい憎しみの結果として 起こるのは。

75a. maniġre: fem. dat.sg. of moniġ, adj., ‘many’ a. mǣġþe: dat.sg. of mǣ ġþ, fem., tribe, nation. 75b. ġeond: prep., w.acc., throughout [beyond]. þisne: masc. acc.sg. of þes, demon. pron. and adj., this. middan-ġeard: masc. acc.sg., ‘middle-earth’, the world. 76a. folc-stede: masc. acc.sg., ‘folk-stead’, i.e. Heorot. frætwan: wk.1, to adorn. 76b. Him: ‘to them’. on: prep., w.dat., on, in. fyrste: dat.sg. of fyrst, masc., alloted time [G. Frist]; on fyrste, ‘in due time’. ġelomp: pret. 3sg. of ġelimpan, st.3, impers., to happen. 77a. ǣdre: adv., early, speedily. mid: prep., w.dat., among. yldum: dat.pl. of ylde, masc., men ; cf. eald ‘old’; Klaeber notes that mid yldum is ‘a formula-like expletive’ (p. 129). 77b. þæt: conj., that. hit: ‘it’ = heal-æ rna mǣ st: neut. nom.sg. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to be. eal-ġearo: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘all-ready’. 78a. heal-ærna: gen.pl. of heal-æ rn, neut., ‘hall-building’, i.e. hall of halls. mǣst: greatest: neut. nom.sg., supl. of miċel, adj., great, large [much]. 78b. sċōp: pret. 3sg. of sċyppan, st.6, to assign [shape]. him: to it, i.e. the hall: neut. dat.sg. Heort: acc. of Heorot, masc., Hrothgar’s hall [hart]; see Com. naman: acc.sg. of nama, wk. masc., ‘name’; appositive to Heort. 79a. sē þe: he (= Hrothgar) who: þe is indeclinable rel. particle. wordes: gen.sg. of word, neut., ‘word’. ġeweald: neut. acc.sg., power, control; cf. wealdan, to‘wield’ [G. Gewalt]; see Com. 79b. wīde: see 74a. hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’, hold. 80a. bēot: neut. acc. sg., promise. ālēh: pret. 3sg. of ā-lēogan, st.2, to leave (a promise) unfulfilled [belie]. 80b. bēagas: acc.pl. of bēag, bēah, masc., ring. dǣlde: pret. 3sg. of dǣ lan, wk.1, to ‘deal out’, distribute. 81a. sinc: neut. acc.sg., treasure, jewels. æt: prep., w.dat, ‘at’. symle: dat.sg. of symbel, neut., feast. 81b. Sele: masc. nom.sg., hall. hlīfade: pret. 3sg. of hlīfian, wk.2, to tower. 82a. hēah: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘high’. horn-ġēap: adj., masc. nom.sg., wide-gabled; horn ‘gable’ and ġēap ‘spacious’. 82b. heaðo-wylma: gen.pl. of heaðo-wylm, masc., ‘battle-surge’; the object of bād; see Com. bād: pret. 3sg. of bīdan, st.1, to experience, endure; w.gen. object. 83a. lāðan: wk. masc. gen.sg. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’, hostile. līġes: gen.sg. of līġ, masc., flame, fire; the variant of heaðo-wylma. 83b. ne wæs hit lenġe þā ġēn: ‘it was then not longer yet (that...)’; see Com. lenġe: compar. of longe, adv., ‘long’. 84a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. se: the: masc. nom.sg. [e]ċġ-hete: masc. nom.sg., ‘edge (= sword)-hate’; MS secg hete; emended by Grein for alliteration. 84b. āþum-swē[orum]: dat. of āþum-swēoras, masc. pl., son-in-law and father-in-law; MS aþum swerian; suggested by Bugge; see Com. 85a. æfter: prep., w.dat. as a result of [after]. wæl-nīðe: dat.sg. of wæ l-nīð, masc., ‘slaughter-hostility’, deadly enmity. 85b. wæcnan: st.6, to arise, awaken. sċolde: ‘should’, was to: pret. 3sg. of sċulan, ‘shall’.

8

Ðā se ellen-gǣst earfoðlīċe

90

132r

95

 やがて強力な悪霊が いらいらして

þrāge ġeþolode, sē þe in þӯstrum bād,

つらい時を耐えていた、 それは暗闇に棲んで、

þæt hē dōgora ġehwām drēam ġehӯrde

来る日も来る日も 歓楽の声を聞いていた

hlūdne in healle; þǣr wæs hearpan swēġ,

広間に鳴り渡るのを； そこにはハ−プの音と、

swutol sang sċopes. Sæġde sē þe cūþe

90

楽人の朗々たる歌が響いていた。 述べれる語部が、

frum-sċeaft fīra feorran reċċan,

人類の創造を 遠く遡って、

|cwæð þæt se Ælmihtiġa eorðan worh[te],

言った、全能なる神が この世を造り給うたと、

wlite-beorhtne wang, swā wæter bebūgeð;

美しく輝く陸地を、 水が周りを取り巻く；

ġesette siġe-hrēþiġ sunnan ond mōnan,

誇らかに配置した、 太陽と月を、

lēoman tō lēohte land-būendum,

95

光りを明かりとして 地上に住む者たちの、

ond ġefrætwade foldan sċēatas

そして飾った、 地上の所々を

leomum ond lēafum; līf ēac ġesċeōp

枝と葉で； 生命も造った

cynna ġehwylcum þāra ðe cwice hwyrfaþ.

すべての人間の 生きて動き回るところの。

86a. Ðā: adv., then. se: def. art., masc. nom.sg., the; see Com. ellen-gǣst: masc., ‘powerful spirit’ [ghost]; ellorgǣ st ‘alien spirit’ may be more appropriate here. 86b. earfoðlīċe: adv., impatiently. 87a. þrāge: acc.sg. of þrāg, fem., hard time, distress; so 2883b. ġeþolode: pret. 3sg. of ġeþolian, wk.2, to suffer, endure. 87b. sē þe: rel. pron., nom.sg., who. þӯstrum: dat.pl. of þȳstru, wk. fem., darkness. bād: pret. 3sg. of bīdan, st.1, to remain, dwell. 88a. þæt: conj., ‘that’: introduces the clause amplifying þrāge. dōgora: gen.pl. of dōgor, neut., day. ġehwām: masc. dat. sg. of ġehwā, pron., each. 88b. drēam: masc. acc.sg., revelry [dream]. ġehӯrde: pret. 3sg. of ġehȳran, wk.1, to ‘hear’. 89a. hlūdne: masc. acc.sg. of hlūd, adj., ‘loud’. healle: dat.sg. of heal(l), fem., ‘hall’. 89b. þǣr wæs: ‘there was’. hearpan: gen.sg. of hearpe, wk. fem., ‘harp’. swēġ: masc. nom.sg., sound. 90a. swutol: masc. nom.sg. of sweotol, adj., clear. sang: masc. nom.sg., ‘song’. sċopes: gen.sg. of sċop, masc., poet, singer, ‘scop’. 90b. Sæġde: pret. 3sg. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’. sē þe: he who, the one that. cūþe: pret. 3sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know how to. 91a. frum-sċeaft: fem. acc.sg., ‘beginning-creation’; see Com. fīra: gen.pl. of fīras, masc. pl., men. 91b. feorran: adv., from afar. reċċan: wk.1, to narrate. 92a. cwæð: pret. 3sg. of cweðan, st.5, to speak [quoth]. Ælmihtiġa: adj. and noun, nom.sg., ‘all-mighty’, Almighty. 92b. eorðan: acc.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the ‘earth’. worh[te]: pret. 3sg. of wyrċan, wk.1, to make [work]; MS worh..; restored by Kemble. 93a. wlite-beorhtne: masc. acc.sg. of wlite-beorht, adj., ‘beauty-bright’, glorious. wang: masc. acc.sg., land. 93b. swā: conj., as; see Com. wæter: neut., ‘water’, sea. bebūgeð: pres. 3sg. of be-būgan, st.2, to surround. 94a. ġesette: pret. 3sg. of ġesettan, wk.1, to ‘set’. siġe-hrēþiġ: adj., nom.sg., ‘victory-glorious’. 94b. sunnan: acc.sg. of sunne, wk. fem., ‘sun’. mōnan: acc.sg. of mōna, wk. masc., ‘moon’. 95a. lēoman: acc.pl. of lēoma, wk. masc., light [leam]. tō: prep., w. dat., for, as. lēohte: dat.sg. of lēoht, neut., ‘light’. 95b. land-būendum: dat.pl. of land-būend, masc. (pres. part.), ‘land-dweller’. 96a. ġefrætwade: pret. 3sg of ġefræ twian, wk.2, to adorn. 96b. foldan: gen.sg. of folde, wk. fem., earth. sċēatas: acc.pl. of sċēat(t), masc., corner. 97a. leomum: dat.pl. of lim, neut., branch of tree [limb]. lēafum: dat.pl. of lēaf, neut., ‘leaf’. 97b. līf: neut. acc.sg., ‘life’. ēac: adv., also [eke]. ġesċeōp: pret. 3sg. of ġesċyppan, st.6, to create. 98a. cynna: gen.pl. of cyn, neut., mankind [kin]. ġehwylcum: neut. dat.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each. 98b. þāra ðe: rel. pron., who; agrees with cynna, in gen.pl. cwice: neut. nom.pl. of cwic(o), adj., living [quick]. hwyrfaþ: pres. 3pl. of hwyrfan, wk.1, to move about.

9

Swā ðā driht-guman drēamum lifdon, 100

105

110

このように武士たちは 歓楽のうちに生活した、

ēadiġlīċe, oð ðæt ān ongan

100

幸せに、 ところがある者が始めたのだった、

fyrene fre[m]man fēond on helle;

邪悪な行いを  地獄の悪魔が；

wæs se grimma gǣst Grendel hāten,

この恐ろしい怪物は グレンデルと呼ばれたが、

mǣre mearc-stapa, sē þe mōras hēold,

名の知れた異界の放浪者で、 沼地を支配していた、

fen ond fæsten; fīfel-cynnes eard

湿地と砦を； 怪物の種族の土地を

won-sǣlī wer weardode hwīle,

105

幸薄き者が ずっと占めていた、

siþðan him Sċyppend forsċrifen hæfde

彼を創造主が  追放して以来

in Cāines cynne ― þone cwealm ġewræc

カインの血筋として その殺人に報いたのだった

ēċe Drihten, þæs þe hē Ābel slōg;

永遠の主が、 彼がアベルを殺したために ;

ne ġefeah hē þǣre fǣhðe, ac hē hine feor forwræc,

カインはその争いに喜びなく、 彼を遠くに追放された、

Metod for þӯ māne man-cynne fram.

110

神はその犯罪のために 人類から。

99a. Swā: adv., so, thus. ðā: the: nom.pl., def. art. driht-guman: nom.pl. of dryht-guma, wk. masc., ‘chief-man’, retainer [bridegroom]. 99b. drēamum: dat.pl. of drēam, masc., joy, bliss [dream]. lifdon: pret. 3pl. of libban, wk.3, to ‘live’. 100a. ēadiġlīċe: adv., happily. 100b. oð ðæt: conj., until. ān: masc. nom.sg., a certain one. ongan: pret. 3sg. of on-ġinnan, st.3, to ‘begin’. 101a. fyrene: acc.sg. of fyren, fem., crime, sin, wicked deed. fre[m]man: wk.1, to do, perform; MS fre. / man: restored by Kemble. 101b. fēond: masc. nom.sg., ‘fiend’, demon. on: prep., w.dat., in, at. helle: dat.sg. of hel, fem., ‘hell’. 102a. grimma: wk. masc. nom.sg. of grim(m), adj., ‘grim’, fierce. gǣst: masc. nom.sg., ‘ghost’, demon. 102b. Grendel: masc. nom., the name of a monster; from *grand ‘ground, bottom’ of the water. hāten: pp. of hātan, st.7, to name, call. 103a. mǣre: masc. nom.sg. adj., well-known, notorious. mearc-stapa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘mark-stepper’, inhabitant of the borderland. 103b. sē þe: rel. pron., who; agrees with mearc-stapa in masc. nom.sg. mōras: acc.pl. of mōr, masc., ‘moor’. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, occupy. 104a. fen: neut. acc.sg., ‘fen’, marsh. fæsten: neut. acc.sg., ‘fastness’, stronghold. 104b. fīfelcynnes: gen.sg. of fīfel-cynn, neut., ‘monster-race’ [kin]. eard: masc. acc.sg., dwelling place. 105a. won-sǣlī: = -sǣ liġ; adj., ‘lacking-happiness’, unhappy. wer: masc. nom.sg., man [L. vir]. 105b. weardode: pret. 3sg. of weardian, wk.2, to guard, watch (over) [ward]. hwīle: acc.sg. of hwīl, fem., a long time; adverbial acc. [while]. 106a. siþðan: conj., ‘since’. Sċyppend: masc. nom.sg., Creator; cf. sċyppan, st.6, to create, ‘shape’. 106b. forsċrifen: pp. of for-sċrīfan, st.1, to doom, condem; w.dat. object. hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. 107a. Cāines: gen.sg. of Cāin, masc., son of Adam and Eve; for MS, see Jack, p. 34. cynne: dat.sg. of cyn, neut., race, tribe; cf. 104b. 107b. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. cwealm: masc. acc.sg., murder, slaughter [cf. quell]. ġewræc: pret. 3sg. of ġewrecan, st.5, to avenge [wreak]. 108a. ēċe: adj., masc. nom.sg., eternal. Drihten: masc. nom.sg., the Lord. 108b. þæs þe: because, since. Ābel: masc. acc.sg., Cain’s younger brother. slōg: pret. 3sg. of slēan, st.6, to ‘slay’, kill. 109a. ne: adv., not. ġefeah: pret. 3sg. of ġefēon, st.5, to rejoice; w.dat. hē: ‘he’, i.e. Cain. þǣre: dat.sg. of sēo, def. art. fem., the. fǣhðe: dat.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’. 109b. ac: conj., (not...) but. hē: ‘he’, i.e. God. hine: ‘him’, i.e. Cain: acc. feor: adv., ‘far’. forwræc: pret. 3sg. of for-wrecan, st.5, to drive away, banish. 110a. Metod: masc. nom., God. for: prep., w.instr., because of. þӯ: neut. instr.sg. of se, def. art., the. māne: dat.sg. of mān, neut., crime. 110b. man-cynne: dat.sg. of man-cynn, neut., ‘mankind’. fram: prep., w.dat., ‘from’, away from; postpositioned.

10

132v

Þanon untӯdras ealle onwōcon,

そこから邪悪な子らが すべて生まれた、

eotenas ond ylfe ond orc-nēas,

食人鬼と妖精 そして悪霊が、

swylċe ġī|gantas þā wið Gode wunnon

それに巨人も、 彼ら〔巨人〕は神と戦った、

lange þrāge; hē him ðæs lēan forġeald.

長い間； 神は彼らにその返報をなされたのだった。

111a. Þanon: adv., ‘thence’, from him. untӯdras: nom. pl. of un-tȳdre, masc., ‘evil-offspring’, criminal progeny. 111b. ealle: masc. nom.pl. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’. onwōcon: pret. 3pl. of on-wæ cnan, st.6, to arise, be engendered by. 112a. eotenas: nom.pl. of eoten, masc., giant, monster. ylfe: masc. nom.pl., ‘elves’. 112b. orc-nēas: neut. / masc. pl., ‘evil spirits of the dead’; from L. Orcus, ‘The other world, Hades’ and OE *nē, corpse; nēas should be pronounced as two syllables; the only recorded form; see Wrenn’s Glos, p. 280. 113a. swylċe: adv., likewise, also. ġīgantas: nom.pl. of ġīgant, masc., ‘giant’. 113b. þā: rel. pron., who: nom.pl. wið: prep., w.dat., against. Gode: dat. of God, masc., ‘God’. wunnon: pret. 3pl. of winnan, st.3, to contend, fight [win]. 114a. lange: fem. acc.sg. of lang, adj., ‘long’. þrāge: acc.sg. of þrāg, fem., time; adverbial acc.; see 54b; cf. 87b, 2883b. 114b. him: them: dat. ðæs: neut. gen.sg., for that. lēan: neut. acc.sg., reward, requital. forġeald: pret. 3sg. of for-ġyldan, st.3, to repay, requite.

11

・II・ 115

120

125

II

Ġewāt ðā nēosian, syþðan niht becōm,

115

 かくしてグレンデルは近づいてきた、 夜になると、

hēa[ha]n hūses, hū hit Hring-Dene

高殿に、 「鎧の」デネの人々が

æfter bēor-þeġe ġebūn hæfdon.

麦酒を飲んだ後 休んでいたところに。

Fand þā ðǣr inne æþelinga ġedriht

彼はその時その中に見出した、 貴族の一団が

swefan æfter symble;

宴の後に眠っているのを； 彼らは悲しみを知らなかった

sorge ne cūðon,

won-sċeaft wera. Wiht unhǣlo,

120

人間の不幸な定めを。 邪悪な生き物 (G) は

grim ond grǣdiġ, ġearo sōna wæs,

獰猛で貪欲な、 すぐに準備をした、

rēoc ond rēþe, ond on ræste ġenam

野蛮で恐ろしい （者は）、 そして寝所で捕らえた

þrītiġ þeġna; þanon eft ġewāt

30 人の近侍の武士を； そこから帰って行った

hūðe hrēmiġ tō hām faran,

戦利品に意気揚々と 家路をたどって

mid þǣre wæl-fylle wīca nēosan.

125

殺した獲物をあまた抱えて 棲家に向かって。

Ðā wæs on ūhtan mid ǣr-dæġe

さて、夜明けに 日が昇るとともに

Grendles gūð-cræft gumum undyrne;

グレンデルの戦の技が 人々に明らかになった；

115a. Ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart; w. inf. ðā: adv., then. nēosian: wk.1/2, to seek out, go to; w.gen. 115b. syþðan: conj., when. niht: fem. nom.sg., ‘night’. becōm: pret. 3sg. of be-cuman, st.4, to ‘come’, befall. 116a. hēa[ha]n: wk. neut. gen.sg. of hēah, adj., ‘high’; MS hean; expanded by Wrenn for metre. hūses: gen.sg. of hūs, neut., ‘house’. 116b. hū: conj., ‘how’: introduces the clause amplifying hēa[ha]n hūses; the same use as 3a. hit: ‘it’, i.e. hūs: neut. acc.sg. Hring-Dene: masc. nom.pl., ‘Ring-Danes’; Hring ‘ring, i.e. corslet’. 117a. bēorþeġe: dat.sg. of bēor-þegu, fem., ‘beer-drinking’. 117b. ġebūn: pp. of ġebūan, st.7, to settle in. hæfdon: pret. 3pl. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’; forms pluperfect. 118a. Fand: pret. 3sg. of findan, st.3, to ‘find’; takes acc. & inf.; the subject, i.e. Grendel, is omitted. þā: adv., then. ðǣr inne: ‘therein’. 118b. æþelinga: gen.pl. of æ þeling, nobleman. ġedriht: fem. acc.sg., troop, band of retainers. 119a. swefan: st.5, to sleep. symble: dat.sg. of symbel, neut., feast. 119b. sorge: acc.sg. of sorh, fem., ‘sorrow’. ne: adv., not. cūðon: pret. 3pl. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know [can, uncouth]. 120a. won-sċeaft: fem. acc.sg., ‘misfortune’ [cf. want, shaft]. wera: gen.pl. of wer, masc., man [L. vir]; modifies won-sċeaft. 120b. Wiht: fem. nom.sg., creature [wight]; Wiht unhǣ lo, Grendel. unhǣlo: wk. fem. gen.sg., evil [un-, health]. 121a. grim: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘grim’, fierce. grǣdiġ: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘greedy’. 121b. ġearo: adj., fem. nom.sg., ready (for). sōna: adv., at once, ‘soon’. 122a. rēoc: adj., fem. nom.sg., savage. rēþe: adj., fem. nom.sg., violent, raging. 122b. ræste: dat.sg. of ræ st, fem., ‘resting-place’, bed. ġenam: pret. 3sg. of ġeniman, st.4, to seize [nim]. 123a. þrītiġ: acc.sg., ‘thirty’; w.gen.pl. þeġna: gen.pl. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’. 123b. þanon: adv., ‘thence’. eft: adv., back. ġewāt: see 115a. 124a. hūðe: dat.sg. of hūð, fem., booty. hrēmiġ: adj., nom.sg., exulting (at); w. dat. / gen. 124b. tō: prep., w.acc., ‘to’. hām: masc. acc.sg., ‘home’. faran: st.6, to ‘fare’, go forth. 125a. mid: prep., with [G. mit]. þǣre: fem. dat.sg. of sēo, def. art., the. wæl-fylle: dat.sg. of wæ l-fyllo, wk. fem., ‘slaughter-fill (= abundance)’. 125b. wīca: gen.pl. of wīċ, neut., dwelling-place [-wich; L. vicus]. nēosan: = nēosian; see 115a. 126a. Ðā: adv., then. on: prep., w.dat., at. ūhtan: dat.sg. of ūhta, ūhte, wk. masc. / neut., dawn. 126b. ǣr-dæġe: dat.sg. of ǣ r-dæ ġ, masc., ‘early-day’, daybreak [ere]. 127a. Grendles: gen. of Grendel, masc., the name of the monster. gūð-cræft: masc., nom.sg., ‘war-strength’ [craft]. 127b. gumum: dat.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. undyrne: adj., ‘un-hidden’, apparent.

12

130

133r 135

þā wæs æfter wiste wōp up āhafen,

そのとき宴の後に 泣き声が起こった、

miċel morgen-swēġ. Mǣre þēoden,

朝に死を悼む大きな叫びが。 名高き王 (H) は、

æþeling ǣr-gōd, unblīðe sæt,

130

いと優れし貴人は 喜び無く座し、

þolode ðrӯð-swӯð þeġn-sorge drēah,

強き者は苦しみ、 近侍の武士の死を悲しんだ、

syðþan hīe þæs lāðan lāst sċēawedon,

彼らが憎き敵の 足跡を見たとき、

wergan gāstes; wæs þæt ġewin tō strang,

呪われた悪霊の； その争いは余りにも激しく、

lāð ond long-sum! Næs hit lenġra |fyrst,

憎悪に満ち長期に及んだ！ もっと先のことでなく、

ac ymb āne niht eft ġefremede

135

翌日の夜に また行なった、

morð-beala māre, ond nō mearn fore,

更なる殺戮を、 そしてそれに怯むことなく、

fǣhðe ond fyrene; wæs tō fæst on þām.

悪行と犯罪を； すっかりその常習犯となった。

Þā wæs ēað-fynde þē him elles hwǣr

それからは多くなった、 どこか他の 

ġerūmlīcor ræste [sōhte],

遠く離れた所に 己の寝所を求める人が、

128a. Þā: adv., then. wiste: dat.sg. of wiste, fem. feast(ing). wōp: masc. nom.sg., weeping [weep]; see Com. up: adv., ‘up’. āhafen: pp. of ā-hebban, st.6, raise [G. auf-heben]; passive. 129a. miċel: adj., masc. nom.sg., great, ‘much’. morgen-swēġ: masc. nom.sg., ‘morning-cry’. 129b. Mǣre: adj., masc. nom.sg., famous. þēoden: masc. nom.sg., lord, king, i.e. Hrothgar. 130a. æþeling: masc. nom.sg., nobleman. ǣr-gōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘eregood’, very good; ǣ r is an intensifier here.

130b.

un-blīðe: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘unhappy’ [un-, blithe];

complement. sæt: ‘sat’, pret. 3sg. of sittan, st.5, to ‘sit’. 131a. þolode: pret. 3sg. of þolian, wk.2, to suffer. ðrӯðswӯð: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘might-mighty’, very strong (one); as noun; reduplicated form of ðrȳð + swȳð. 131b. þeġn-sorge: acc.sg. of þeġn-sorg, fem., ‘thane-sorrow’, i.e. death of the thanes. drēah: pret. 3sg. of drēogan, st.2, to experience. 132a. syðþan: conj., ‘since’, when. hīe: they, i.e. the thanes. þæs: of that: gen.sg. of se, masc., the. lāðan: wk. masc. gen.sg. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’ (one), i.e. enemy. 132b. lāst: masc. acc.sg., track, footprint [cf. stick to one’s last]. sċēawedon: pret. 3pl. of sċēawian, wk.2, to look at, observe [show; G. schauen]. 133a. wergan: masc. gen.sg. of werga, wk. adj., accursed. gāstes: gen.sg. of gāst, gǣ st, masc., spirit, ‘ghost’. 133b. þæt: the, ‘that’: neut. nom. ġewin: neut. nom.sg., strife, fight. tō: adv., ‘too’. strang: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘strong’. 134a. lāð: adj., neut. nom.sg.; see 132a. long-sum: adj., neut. nom.sg., long-lasting [longsome]. 134b. Næs: ne + wæ s: ‘was not’. hit: ‘it’: nom.: signifies time. lenġra: masc. nom. sg., compar. of long, lang, adj., ‘long’. fyrst: masc. nom.sg., time; for this half-line, see 83b. 135a. ac: conj., (not…) but. ymb: prep., w.acc., after. āne: fem. acc.sg. of ān, ‘a, one’. niht: fem. acc.sg., ‘night’; adverbial. 135b. eft: adv., again. ġefremede: pret. 3sg. of ġefremman, wk.1, to do, perform; cf. 3b. 136a. morð-beala: acc.sg. of morð-bealu, neut., ‘murder-bale’. māre: neut. acc.sg. of māra, greater, ‘more’, compar. of miċel, adj.; see 129a. 136b. nō: adv., not at all, never; cf. ne. mearn: pret. 3sg. of murnan, st.3, to shrink from, be fearful of. fore: adv., from it, of it. 137a. fǣhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’, enmity. fyrene: acc.sg. of fyren, fem., crime, wicked deed; fǣ hðe ond fyrene is the object of ġefremede. 137b. wæs: ‘was’; the subject Grendel is omitted. tō: adv., ‘too’; see 133b. fæst: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘fast’, fixed. on: prep., w.dat., ‘on’. þām: dat.pl., them, i.e. fǣ hðe ond fyrene. 138a. Þā: adv., then. ēað-fynde: adj., masc. nom.sg. ‘easily found’. 138b. þē: rel. pron., (the one) who. him: masc. ethical dat.sg., for himself. elles hwǣr: adv., ‘elsewhere’. 139a. ġerūmlīcor: compar. of ġerūmlīċe, adv., at a distance [room]. 139b. ræste: acc.sg. of ræ st, fem., ‘restingplace’, bed. [sōhte]: pret.sg. of sēċan, wk.1., to ‘seek’; no gap in MS; supplied by Grein.

13

140

bed æfter būrum, ðā him ġebēacnod wæs,

140

ġesæġd sōðlīċe sweotolan tācne

ありのままに述べられたとき、 明白な証拠によって、

heal-ðeġnes hete; hēold hyne syðþan

広間の占拠者の憎しみが； その後は身を守った、

fyr ond fæstor sē þǣm fēonde ætwand.

一層遠く安全な場所に、 悪鬼より逃れた者は。

Swā rīxode ond wið rihte wan, 145

150

離れの間に寝床を、 彼に明示されたとき、

 このように占拠して 正義に刃向かった、

āna wið eallum oð þæt īdel stōd

145

一人が全員に対して、 ついには空き家になるまで、

hūsa sēlest. Wæs sēo hwīl miċel; .

最も優れた館が。 その期間は長かった；

xii. wintra tīd torn ġeþolode

12 年間というもの 苦しみをなめた、

wine Sċyld[i]n[g]a, wēana ġehwelċne,

シュルディンガスの友〔王〕は、 あらゆる難儀を、

sīdra sorga; forðām [seċġum] wearð,

深い悲しみを； それ故、人々には、

ylda bearnum undyrne cūð

150

ġyddum ġeōmore, þætte Grendel wan

人の子らには まぎれもなく知れ渡った、 哀しくも歌で、 グレンデルがなしたことが、

140a. bed: neut. acc.sg., ‘bed’. æfter: prep., w.dat., among, in [after]. būrum: dat.pl. of būr, masc., ‘bower’, chamber. 140b. ðā: conj., when. him: masc. dat.sg. him, i.e. the retainer. ġebēacnod: pp. of (ġe)bēacnian, wk.2, to show [beckon]. 141a. ġesæġd: ‘said’, made known: pp. of ġeseċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’, tell. sōðlīċe: adv., truly [soothly]. 141b. sweotolan: wk. neut. dat.sg. of sweotol, adj., clear. tācne: instr.-dat.sg. of tācen, neut., ‘token’, sign. 142a. heal-ðeġnes: gen.sg. of heal-ðeġn, masc., ‘hall-thane’, i.e. Grendel; see Com. hete: masc. nom.sg., ‘hate’. 142b. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, guard. hyne: him: refl. syðþan: adv., afterwards. 143a. fyr: compar. of feor(r), adv., ‘far’. fæstor: more securely: compar. of fæ ste, adv., ‘fast’, firmly. 143b. sē: rel., one who, he who. þǣm: from that: masc. dat.sg. fēonde: dat.sg. of fēond, masc., ‘fiend’, demon. ætwand: pret. 3sg. of æ t-windan, st.3, to get away from; w.dat. [wind]. 144a. Swā: adv., ‘so’, thus, in this manner. rīxode: pret. 3sg. of rīcsian, wk.2, to rule; cf. rīċe, ‘realm, rule’. 144b. wið: prep., w.dat. against [withstand]. rihte: dat.sg. of riht, neut., ‘right’, justice. wan: pret. 3sg. of winnan, st.3, to fight [win]. 145a. āna: wk. masc. nom.sg. of ān, one (man). eallum: masc. dat.pl. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’; noun use. 145b. oð þæt: conj., until. īdel: adj., neut, nom.sg., empty [idle]. stōd: ‘stood’, pret. 3sg. of standan, st.6, to ‘stand’. 146a. hūsa: gen.pl. of hūs, neut., ‘house’, hall. sēlest: neut. nom. sg. supl. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. 146b. sēo: the: fem. nom.sg. hwīl: fem. nom.sg., space of time [while]. miċel: fem. nom.sg., adj., great, long. 147a. xii (= twelf): masc. gen., ‘twelve’; see Com. wintra: gen.pl. of winter, masc., ‘winter’, (in pl.) years. tīd: fem. acc.sg., time [tide; G. Zeit]; adverbial acc. 147b. torn: neut. acc.sg., grief, affliction. ġeþolode: pret. 3sg. of geþolian, wk.2, to suffer; see 131a. 148a. wine: masc. nom.sg., friend, friendly lord. Sċyld[i]n[g]a: gen. of Sċyldingas, masc. pl, Dene; MS scyldenda; emended by Grundtvig. 148b. wēana: gen. pl. of wēa, wk. masc., ‘woe’, misery, trouble. ġehwelċne: masc. acc.sg.of ġehwelċ, pron., each, every (one); w.gen. pl. 149a. sīdra: fem. gen.pl. of sīd, adj., great. sorga: gen.pl. of sorh, fem., ‘sorrow’. 149b. forðām: adv., therefore. [seċġum]: dat.pl. of seċġ, masc., man; no gap in MS; supplied by Schücking. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become; see 6b, 77b; subject is þæ tte... in 151b. 150a. ylda: gen. of ylde, masc. pl., men. bearnum: dat.pl. of bearn, neut. / masc., child; ylda bearnum ‘to children of men’, people; see 77a. 150b. undyrne: adj., ‘un-hidden’, apparent; see 127b. cūð: adj., well known,, from pp. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know; cf. 90b. 151a. ġyddum: dat.pl. of ġid(d), ġyd(d), neut., song. geōmore: adv., sadly；w. adverbial suffix -e. 151b. þætte: = þæ t þe assimilated form: conj., that; introduces the subject clause; see Com. wan: pret. 3sg. : see 144b.

14

155

133v 160

hwīle wið Hrōþgār hete-nīðas wæg,

長い間フロースガールに対し 敵対行為を、

fyrene ond fǣhðe fela missēra,

悪行と血讐を、 何年間も

sin-gāle sæċe; sibbe ne wolde

絶え間無い攻撃を； 和平を望まなかった 

wið manna hwone mæġenes Deniġa,

155

誰とも デネの軍勢の、

feorh-bealo feorran, fēa þingian,

ひどい悪行を止め、 金銭で解決することを、

nē þǣr nǣniġ witena wēnan þorfte

そしてそこではどの顧問官も 期待できなかった、

beorhtre bōte tō ban[an] folmum;

申し分のない賠償を 殺人鬼の手からは；

|[ac se] ǣglǣċa ēhtende wæs

そしてその怪物は 迫害し続けた、

deorc dēaþ-sċūa, duguþe ond ġeogoþe,

160

暗き死の影 (G) は 老武者若武者の別なく、

seomade ond syrede, sin-nihte hēold

待ち伏せした； 真っ暗闇の中で支配した、

mistiġe mōras. Men ne cunnon

霧立ち込める沼地を； 人々には分からない、

hwyder hel-rūnan hwyrftum sċrīþað.

どこへ地獄の悪魔どもが 帰って行くのか。

152a. hwīle: acc.sg. of hwīl, fem., time; adverbially ‘for a long time’. wið: prep., w.acc., against. 152b. hete-nīðas: acc.pl. of hete-nīð, masc., ‘hate-violence’, enmity. wæg: pret. 3sg. of wegan, st.5, to carry on [weigh]. 153a. fyrene: acc.sg. of fyren, fem., crime, wicked deed. fǣhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’, enmity; cf. 137a, fǣ hðe ond fyrene. 153b. fela: (indeclinable), many; w.gen. missēra: gen.pl. of missēre, neut., half-year. 154a. sin-gāle: fem. acc.sg. of sin-gāl, adj., continual; sin-, lasting + ?gāl. sæċe: acc.sg. of sacu, fem., battle, fight [sake]. 154b. sibbe: acc.sg. of sib(b), fem., peace. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to wish. 155a. manna: gen.pl. of mon(n), man(n), masc., ‘man’. hwone: masc. acc.sg. of hwā, indef. pron., anyone; w.gen.pl.; wið manna hwone ‘to any man’. 155b. mæġenes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., military force [main]. Deniġa: gen. of Dene, masc. pl., Dene, Denmark, the Danes. 156a. feorh-bealo: acc.sg. of feorh-bealu, neut., ‘life-bale’, deadly evil. feorran: wk.1, to remove; cf. feorr, ‘far’. 156b. fēa: instr.-dat.sg. of feoh, neut., ‘fee’, money. þingian: wk.2, to settle; see Com. 157a. nē: conj., nor. þǣr: ‘there’. nǣniġ: pron. nom.sg., no one, none; w.gen.pl. witena: gen.pl. of wita, wk. masc., wise man, councillor. 157b. wēnan: wk.1, to expect [ween]; w.gen. þorfte: pret. 3sg. of þurfan, pret.-pres., to have cause or reason. 158a. beorhtre: fem. gen.sg. of beorht, adj., ‘bright’, splendid. bōte: gen.sg. of bōt, fem., compensation [boot]. 158b. tō: prep., w.dat., from. ban[an]: gen.sg. of bana, wk. masc., killer, slayer; MS banū., emended by Kemble. folmum: dat.pl. of folm, fem., hand. 159a. [ac: conj., (not...) but. se]: the: masc. nom.sg.; ac se supplied by Rieger; no gap in MS; Kiernan supplies Atol (adj., horrible). ǣglǣċa: wk. masc. nom.sg., monster, fighter. 159b. ēhtende: pres. part. of ēhtan, wk.1, to chase, attack; w.gen.; progressive form often signifies continuation in OE; see Com. 160a. deorc: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘dark’. dēaþ-sċūa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘deathshadow’, i.e. Grendel. 160b. duguþe: gen.sg. of duguð, fem., body of tried warriors. ġeogoþe: gen.sg. of ġeogoð, fem., young warriors [youth]. 161a. seomade: pret. 3sg. of seomian, wk.2, to lie in wait. syrede: pret. 3sg. of syrwan, wk.1, to ambush; seomade ond syrede is alliterative synonymous phrase. 161b. sin-nihte: dat.sg. of sinniht, fem., ‘lasting night’, darkness. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, keep. 162a. mistiġe: masc. acc.pl. of mistiġ, adj., ‘misty’. mōras: acc.pl. of mōr, masc., ‘moor’. 162b. cunnon: pres. 3pl. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know. 163a. hwyder: adv., ‘whither’, which way. hel-rūnan: nom.pl. of hel-rune, wk. fem., ‘hell-sorcerer’ [rune]. 163b. hwyrftum: dat.pl. of hwyrft, masc., turning, motion; ‘merely amplifies sċrīþað, ‘go’ (moving)’ (Klaeber’s Notes, p. 134). sċrīþað: pres. 3pl. of sċrīðan, st.1, to move, stride.

15

Swā fela fyrena fēond man-cynnes, 165

170

175

 かくして幾多の悪行を、 人類の敵、

atol ān-genġea, oft ġefremede,

165

恐ろしい孤独な放浪者は しばしばなした、

heardra hӯnða; Heorot eardode,

甚だしい害を； ヘオロトを占拠した、

sinc-fāge sel sweartum nihtum,

豪華に飾られた広間を 暗黒の夜には ―

nō hē þone ġif-stōl grētan mōste

けっして彼は贈物をする座には 近づけなかった、

māþðum for Metode, nē his myne wisse.

玉座には神を恐れて、 神の愛を知らなかった。―

Þæt wæs wrǣċ miċel wine Sċyldinga,

170

それは大苦悩だった、 シュルディンガスの友には

mōdes brecða. Moniġ oft ġesæt,

胸の裂ける思いであった。 しばしば多くの者、

rīċe tō rūne; rǣd eahtedon,

身分高き者は評議の席に着いた； 知恵を絞った、

hwæt swīð-ferhðum sēlest wǣre

何が勇気ある者らにとって 最も良きことかと、

wið fǣr-gryrum tō ġefremmanne.

急襲に対して 行なうのに。

Hwīlum hīe ġehēton æt h[æ]rg-trafum

175

時々彼らは約束した、 異教の神殿で

164a. Swā: adv., ‘so’, very. fela: acc. pl., many; w.gen. (fyrena and heardra hȳnða). fyrena: gen.pl. of fyren, fem., crime, wicked deed. 164b. fēond: masc. nom.sg., ‘fiend’, enemy. man-cynnes: gen.sg. of mon-cynn, neut., ‘mankind’ [kin]. 165a. atol: adj., masc. nom.sg, horrible, hideous. ān-genġea [-géŋdʒa]: wk. masc., ‘one-goer’, solitary walker. 165b. oft: adv., often [oft]. ġefremede: pret. 3sg. of ġefremman, wk.1, to do, perform. 166a. heardra: fem. gen.pl. of heard, adj., ‘hard’, severe. hӯnða: gen.pl. of hȳnðu, fem., harm, injury. 166b. Heorot: masc. acc.sg., Hrothgar’s hall. eardode: pret. 3sg. of eardian, wk.2, to occupy. 167a. sinc-fāge: wk. neut. acc.sg. of sinc-fāg, adj., ‘treasure-adorned’. sel: neut. acc.sg., hall [G. Saal]. 167b. sweartum: fem. dat.pl. of sweart, adj., ‘swart’, black. nihtum: dat.pl. of niht, fem., ‘night’. 168a. nō: adv., never; see 136b. þone: the: masc. acc.sg., def. art. ġif-stōl: masc., acc.sg., ‘gift-stool’, royal throne; see Com. 168b. grētan: wk.1, to approach, attack [greet]. mōste: pret. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, to be allowed. 169a. māþðum: masc. acc.sg., treasure. for: prep., w.dat., because of. Metode: dat.sg. of Metod, masc., ‘Measurer’, God. 169b. nē: conj., nor. myne: masc. acc.sg., love [mind]. wisse: pret. 3sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know [wit]; subject Grendel is understood. 170a. Þæt: ‘that’: neut. nom. wrǣċ: neut. nom.sg., misery, distress. miċel: adj., neut. nom.sg., great. 170b. wine: masc. dat.sg., friend, lord. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas, masc. pl., descendants of Scyld, Scyldingas. 171a. mōdes: gen.sg. of mōd, neut., mind, heart [mood]. brecða: nom.pl. of brecð, fem., breaking, grief [break, -th]; mōdes brecða is a variation of wrǣ ċ miċel. 171b. Moniġ: masc. nom.sg., ‘many’ a (thane). oft: see 165b. ġesæt: pret. 3sg. of ġesittan, st.5, to ‘sit’ down. 172a. rīċe: adj., masc. nom.sg., powerful (one), (a retainer) of high rank [rich]; sg. with pl. meaning, parallel to Moniġ. tō: prep., ‘to’. rūne: dat.sg. of rūn, fem., (secret) council, consultation [rune]. 172b. rǣd: masc. nom.sg., advice, counsel. eahtedon: pret. 3pl. of eahtian, wk.2, to deliberate about, consider. 173a. hwæt: interr. pron., neut. nom.sg., ‘what’; this clause amplifies rǣ d. swīð-ferhðum: masc. dat.pl. of adj., swīð-ferhþ, ‘strong-minded’, brave-hearted (one). 173b. sēlest: best: neut. nom.sg., supl. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. wǣre: ‘were’, subj. pret. 3sg. of wesan, st.5, to be. 174a. wið: prep., w.dat., against. fǣr-gryrum: dat.pl. of fǣ r-gryre, masc., ‘sudden terror’. 174b. tō ġefremmanne: inflected to-inf. of ġefremman, wk.1, do, perform. 175a. Hwīlum: at times: adverbial dat.pl. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’, time; see Com. hīe: they. ġehēton: pret. 3pl. of ġehātan, st.7, to promise, vow. 175b. h[æ]rg-trafum: dat.pl. of hæ rg-træ f, neut., ‘heathen temple’; MS hræ rg; emended by Grundtvig.

16

180

134r

185

wīġ-weorþunga, wordum bǣdon

偶像への犠牲を； 言葉で祈った、

þæt him gāst-bona ġēoce ġefremede

魂の殺害者〔邪神〕が彼らを 救済せんことを、

wið þēod-þrēaum. Swylċ wæs þēaw hyra,

国難から。 そうするのが彼らの習わしだった、

hǣþenra hyht; helle ġemundon

異教徒の希望だった； 地獄を思い描けても

in mōd-sefan, Metod hīe ne cūþon,

180

心の中に、 神を彼らは知らなかったのだ、

dǣda Dēmend, ne wiston hīe Drihten God,

所業の裁き手を、 主なる神を知らなかったのだ、

|nē hīe hūru heofena Helm herian ne cūþon,

実際天の保護者を 称えるすべを知らなかったのだ、

wuldres Waldend. Wā bið þǣm ðe sċeal

栄光の支配者を。 哀れなるかな

þurh slīðne nīð sāwle besċūfan

激しい苦しみのために 魂を委ねる者は、

in fӯres fæþm, frōfre ne wēnan,

185

業火の懐に； 慰めを期待せず、

wihte ġewendan! Wēl bið þǣm þe mōt

少しも改めようとしない者は！ 幸いなるかな

æfter dēað-dæġe Drihten sēċean

死後に 主を訪れ

ond tō Fæder fæþmum freoðo wilnian!

父なる神の御腕に 加護を求めることのできる者は！

176a. wīġ-weorþunga: acc.pl. of wīġ-weorþung, fem., ‘honour to idols’, sacrifice; from wīh idol. 176b. wordum: dat.pl. of word, neut., ‘word’. bǣdon: pret. 3pl. of biddan, st.5, to entreat [bid]. 177a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. him: for them: dat.pl.

gāst-bona: wk. masc. nom.sg,, ‘soul-slayer’, devil.

177b. ġēoce: acc.sg. of ġēoc, fem., help.

ġefremede: pret. subj. 3sg. of gefremman; see 174b. 178a. wið: prep., w.dat., from, against. þēod-þrēaum: dat.pl. of þēod-þrēa, fem./masc., wk., ‘nation-distress’. 178b. Swylċ: ‘such’: nom.sg. þēaw: masc. nom.sg., custom. hyra: their: postpositioned. 179a. hǣþenra: masc. gen.pl. of hǣ ðen, adj., ‘heathen’ (one). hyht: masc. nom.sg., hope, solace. 179b. helle: acc.sg. of hel, fem., ‘hell’. ġemundon: pret. 3pl. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to think about; w.acc. 180a. mōd-sefan: dat.sg. of mōd-sefa, wk. masc., ‘mind-heart’. 180b. Metod: masc. acc.sg., God. ne: adv., not. cūþon: pret. 3pl. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know. 181a. dǣda: gen.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’, act. Dēmend: masc. acc.sg. (pres. part.), the Judge, i.e. God; cf. dēman ‘to judge’ [deem]. 181b. wiston: pret. 3pl. of witan, pret.-pres., to know [wit]. Drihten: masc. acc.sg., the Lord. God: masc. acc., ‘God’. 182a. nē: nor. hīe: they. hūru: adv., indeed. heofena: gen.pl. of heofon, masc., ‘heaven’. Helm: masc. acc.sg., the Protector [helmet]. 182b. herian: wk.1, to praise. cūþon: see 180b. 183a. wuldres: gen.sg. of wuldor, neut., glory. Waldend: acc.sg. of Wealdend, masc., the Ruler; cf. wealdan, to rule, ‘wield’. 183b. Wā: interj., ‘woe’. bið: pres. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’; Wā bið (w.dat.) ‘Woe is to...’ is a set phrase. þǣm ðe: rel. pron., to him who; w. masc. dat.sg. þǣ m. sċeal: pres. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., ‘shall’, must. 184a. þurh: prep., w.acc., ‘through’, as a result of. slīðne: masc. acc.sg. of slīðe, adj., terrible. nīð: masc acc.sg. affliction; Jack (p. 39) interprets this half-line as ‘in fierce enmity (to God)’. 184b. sāwle: acc.sg. of sāwol, fem., ‘soul’, life. be-sċūfan: st.2, to ‘shove’. 185a. in: prep., w.acc., into, to. fӯres: gen.sg. of fȳr, neut., ‘fire’. fæþm: masc. acc.sg., bosom [fathom]. 185b. frōfre: gen.sg. of frōfor, fem. / masc., consolation, comfort. wēnan: wk.1, to think, expect [ween]; w.gen. 186a. wihte: (not) at all: adverbial dat.sg. of wiht, fem., anything. ġewendan: wk.1, to change. Wēl bið : ‘Weal is to...’: wēl, interj., adv., ‘weal, well’; cf.183b. þǣm þe: see 183b. mōt: pres. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres. to be allowed. 187a. æfter: prep., w.dat., ‘after’. dēað-dæġe: dat.sg. of dēað-dæ ġ, masc., ‘death-day’. 187b. Drihten: masc. acc.sg., the Lord. sēċean: wk.1, to ‘seek’. 188a. Fæder: masc. gen.sg., the ‘Father’. fæþmum: dat.pl. of fæ þm, masc., (outstretched) arms; cf. 185a. 188b. freoðo: wk. fem. gen.sg., protection. wilnian: wk.2, to desire, ask for; w.gen. & tō, ‘from, at’.

17

III・

III

Swā ðā mǣl-ceare maga Healfdenes 190

 このように今度の災いを ヘアルフデネの息子は

sin-gāla sēað; ne mihte snotor hæleð

190

wēan onwendan; wæs þæt ġewin tō swӯð,

難儀を取り去ることは； その争いは余りに激しく、

lāþ ond long-sum, þē on ðā lēode becōm,

忌まわしく長きに渡った、 国民の上に降りかかった（争い） 、

nӯd-wracu nīþ-grim, niht-bealwa mǣst.

残酷な暴虐、 夜の災いの最たるものは。

Þæt fram hām ġefræġn Hiġelāces þeġn, 195

200

絶えず心に患う； 賢者 (Hr) にもできなかった、

 そのことを自国で聞いた、 ヒュエラ−クの近侍の者、

gōd mid Ġēatum, Grendles dǣda;

195

イェーアタスの優れ者 (B) は、 グレンデルの所行を；

sē wæs mon-cynnes mæġenes strenġest

この者は人々の中で 力は最強にして

on þǣm dæġe þysses līfes,

当時 この世で、

æþele ond ēacen. Hēt him ӯð-lidan

高貴で偉大だった。  彼は人々に命じた、海を渡る舟を、

gōdne ġeġyrwan; cwæð, hē gūð-cyning

立派な艤装をするように； 彼が言うには、戦の王を

ofer swan-rāde sēċean wolde,

200

白鳥の路を渡って 訪れたいと

189a. Swā: adv., thus. ðā: fem. acc.sg. of sēo, the. mǣl-ceare: acc.sg. of mǣ l-cearu, fem., ‘time-care’, hard time. 189b. maga: wk. masc. nom.sg., son. Healfdenes: gen. of Healf-Dene, masc., father of Hrothgar. 190a. sin-gāla: adv., continually, always. sēað: pret. 3sg. of sēoðan, st.2, to ‘seethe’, brood over. 190b. ne: adv., not. mihte: pret. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can, ‘may’. snotor: adj., masc. nom.sg., wise. hæleð: masc. nom.sg., man, hero [G. Held]. 191a. wēan: acc.sg. of wēa, wk. masc., ‘woe’, misery. on-wendan: wk.1, to ‘turn aside’, remove. 191b. þæt: neut. nom.sg. of se, ‘that’, the. ġewin: neut. nom.sg., strife. tō: adv., ‘too’. swӯð: adj., neut. nom.sg., severe. 192a. lāþ: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘loathsome’. long-sum: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘long’-lasting [-some]. 192b. þē: rel. particle., which. on: prep., w.acc., onto. ðā: masc. acc.pl. of se, that, the. lēode: masc. acc.pl., people, nation. becōm: pret. 3 sg. of be-cuman, st.4, to ‘come’, befall. 193a. nӯd-wracu: fem. nom.sg., violent persecution [need, wrack]. nīþgrim: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘grim’, cruel; cf. nīþ, ‘violence’. 193b. niht-bealwa: gen.pl. of niht-bealu, neut., ‘nightbale’. mǣst: adj., neut. nom.sg., greatest (one), supl. of miċel, ‘much’. 194a. Þæt: ‘that’: neut. acc.sg. fram: prep., at. hām: masc. dat.sg., ‘home’. ġefræġn: pret. 3sg. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to hear of. 194b. Hiġelāces: gen. of Hiġelāc, masc., king of Geatas. þeġn: masc. nom.sg., ‘thane’, retainer; see Com. 195a. gōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘good’, able, excellent. mid: prep., w.dat., among. Ġēatum: dat. of Ġēatas, masc. pl. 195b. Grendles: gen. of Grendel, masc. dǣda: acc.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’, act. 196a. sē: masc. nom.sg., demon. pron., he. mon-cynnes: gen.sg. of mon-cynn, neut., ‘mankind’; partit. gen. 196b. mæġenes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., strength [main]; gen. of respect. strenġest: masc. nom.sg., supl. of strang, adj., ‘strong’. 197a. on: prep., w.dat., in. þǣm: the, that: dat.sg. dæġe: dat.sg. of dæ ġ, masc., ‘day’, time. 197b. þysses: neut. gen.sg. of þis, ‘this’. līfes: gen.sg. of līf, neut., ‘life’. on þǣ m dæ ġe þysses līfes, ‘in the time of this life’; also in 790, 806. 198a. æþele: adj., masc. nom.sg., noble [G. edel]. ēacen: adj., masc. nom.sg., great; cf. ēac, ‘eke’. 198b. Hēt: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order, command; with dat. & inf.; see Com. him: them: dat. ӯð-lidan: acc.sg. of ȳð-lida, wk. masc., ‘wave-traverser’, ship. 199a. gōdne: masc. acc.sg. of gōd, adj., ‘good’; modifies ȳð-lidan. ġeġyrwan: wk.1, to make ready [cf. gear]. 199b. cwæð: pret. 3sg. of cweðan, st.5, to speak [quoth]. gūð-cyning: masc. acc.sg., ‘war-king’. 200a. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. swan-rāde: acc.sg. of swan-rād, fem., ‘swan-road’; a famous kenning for sea. 200b. sēċean: wk.1, to visit, ‘seek’. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., to want, ‘will’.

18

134v

mǣrne þēoden, þā him wæs manna þearf.

名高き王を、 彼に人々の助力が必要である以上。

Ðone sīð-fæt him snotere ċeorlas

その遠征のことで彼を 賢人たちは

lӯt-hwōn lōgon, |þēah hē him lēof wǣre;

少しも非難しなかった、 彼は彼らに愛しい人であったが； （彼らは）勇敢なる人 (B) を励まして、 吉兆を占った。

hwetton hiġe-[r]ōfne, hǣl sċēawedon. 205

210

Hæfde se gōda Ġēata lēoda

205

この勇士は イェーアタスの人々の中から

cempan ġecorone, þāra þe hē cēnoste

武士たちを選んだ、 彼が最も大胆だと

findan mihte; fiftӯna sum

知りえた （者たちを） ； 彼は 14 名を連れて

sund-wudu sōhte; seċġ wīsade,

海舟のところまで行った； この男が先導した、

lagu-cræftiġ mon land-ġemyrċu.

航海に詳しい人 (B) が、 岸辺まで。

Fyrst forð ġewāt; flota wæs on ӯðum,

210

時が経った； 浮き舟は波の上に、

bāt under beorge. Beornas ġearwe

舟は崖下にあった。 乗船の用意のできた武士たちは

on stefn stigon ― strēamas wundon,

舳先に登った ―  流れは渦巻き

201a. mǣrne: masc. acc.sg. of mǣ re, adj., great, famous. þēoden: masc. acc.sg., lord, king. 201b. þā: conj., when, as. him: ‘him’: dat. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. þearf: fem. nom.sg., need 202a. Ðone: masc. acc.sg. of sē, def. art. or pron., the, that. sīð-fæt: masc. acc.sg., expedition. him: see 201b. 202b. snotere: masc. nom.pl. of snotor, adj., wise. ċeorlas: nom.pl. of ċeorl, masc., man [churl]. 203a. lӯt-hwōn: adv., very ‘little’, not at all. lōgon: pret. 3pl. of lēan, st.6, to blame, find fault with; w.dat. of person. & acc. of thing; lȳt-hwōn lōgon is ‘litotes’ of ‘they urged him on’ (Klaeber’s Notes, p. 136). 203b. þēah: conj., ‘though’. him: see 198b. lēof: adj., masc. nom. sg., dear, beloved [G. lieb]. wǣre: pret. subj. 3sg. of wesan, st.5, to be. 204a. hwetton: pret. 3pl. of hwettan, wk.1, to ‘whet’, urge. hiġe-[r]ōfne: masc. acc.sg. of hiġe-rōf, adj., ‘mind-brave’, valiant (one); MS hige ...., A hige þofne; emended by Rask. 204b. hǣl: neut. acc.sg., omen, good luck. sċēawedon: pret. 3pl. of sċēawian, wk.2, to look at [show]; see Com. 205a. Hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. se: masc. nom.sg. def. art. or adj., the, that. gōda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of gōd, adj., ‘good’, brave; cf. 199a. 205b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas, masc. pl. lēoda: gen. of lēode, masc. pl., people, nation. 206a. cempan: acc.pl. of cempa, wk. masc., warrior, soldier [†kemp]. ġecorone: masc. acc.pl., pp. of ġeċēosan, st.2, to ‘choose’. 206b. þāra þe: (of those) who; with Ġēata lēoda as its formal antecedent, but cempan as its real one. þāra: gen.pl. of sē. þe: rel. particle, who. cēnoste: supl. masc. acc.pl. of cēne, adj., bold [keen]. 207a. findan: st.3, to ‘find’. mihte: pret. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can, ‘may’. 207b. fiftӯna: gen. of fiftȳne, ‘fifteen’. sum: indef. pron., one, a certain (one); fiftȳna sum., ‘one of fifteen’, with fourteen others; see Com. 208a. sund-wudu: masc. acc.sg., ‘sea-wood’, ship. sōhte: pret. 3sg. of sēċan, wk.1, to go to, ‘seek’. 208b. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., man, warrior, hero. wīsade: pret. 3sg. of wīsian, wk.2, to show the way, lead. 209a. lagu-cræftiġ: adj., masc. nom. sg., ‘sea-crafty’, skilled at seamanship. mon: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. 209b. land-ġemyrċu: acc.pl. of land-ġemyrċe, neut., ‘land-boundary’, shore [cf. mark]. 210a. Fyrst: masc. nom.sg., space of time; cf.76b. forð: adv., ‘forth’. ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to go, depart. 210b. flota: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘floater’, ship. ӯðum: dat.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. 211a. bāt: masc. nom.sg., ‘boat’. beorge: dat.sg. of beorg, beorh, masc., cliff, headland. 211b. Beornas: nom.pl. of beorn, masc., man, warrior. ġearwe: masc. nom.pl. of ġearo, ġearu, adj., ready, prepared. 212a. on: prep., w.acc., to, on to. stefn: masc. acc.sg., prow of a ship, ‘stem’. stigon: pret. 3pl. of stīgan, st.1, to step up, mount. 212b. strēamas: nom.pl. of strēam, masc., ‘stream’, current. wundon: pret. 3pl. of windan, st.3, to ‘wind’, whirl.

19

215

220

225

sund wið sande ― seċġas bǣron

波は砂浜に打ち寄せていた ―  男たちは運んだ、

on bearm nacan beorhte frætwe,

舟の懐に、 輝く飾りある武器を、

gūð-searo ġeatolīċ; guman ūt sċufon,

215

きらめく武具を； 男たちは押し出した、

weras on wil-sīð wudu bundenne.

一行は望んだ遠征に 堅固に造られた舟を。

Ġewāt þā ofer wǣġ-holm, winde ġefӯsed,

それから波立つ海原を進んだ、 風にあおられて

flota fāmī-heals fugle ġelīcost,

泡立つへさき持つ舟は まるで鳥のように、

oð þæt ymb ān-tīd ōþres dōgores

そしてほどなく 次の日に

wunden-stefna ġewaden hæfde,

220

舳先の曲がった舟は 渡り終えた、

þæt ðā līðende land ġesāwon,

それで船乗りたちは 陸を認めた、

brim-clifu blīcan, beorgas stēape,

海岸の崖、 高い丘、

sīde sǣ-næssas; þā wæs sund liden,

大きな岬が光っているのを； その時海は渡り切られて、

ēo-lē[t] æt ende. Þanon up hraðe

海路は終わりとなった。 それから急いで

Wedera lēode on wang stigon,

225

ウェデラスの人々は 上陸して、

213a. sund: neut. nom.sg, sea, water. wið: prep., w.dat., against. sande: dat.sg. of sand, neut., ‘sand’, shore. 213b. seċġas: nom.pl. of seċġ, masc., warrior. bǣron: pret. 3pl. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 214a. on: see 212a. bearm: masc. acc.sg., bosom, hold of a ship. nacan: gen.sg. of naca, wk. masc., boat, ship. 214b. beorhte: fem. acc.pl. of beorht, adj., ‘bright’. frætwe: adj., fem. acc.pl., decorated armour or weapons. 215a. gūð-searo: neut. acc.pl., ‘battle-gear’. ġeatolīċ: adj., neut. acc.pl. ornamented, splendid. 215b. guman: nom.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. ūt: adv., ‘out’. sċufon: pret. 3pl. of sċūfan, st.2, to ‘shove’, push. 216a. weras: nom.pl. of wer, masc., man. on: see 212a, 214a. wil-sīð: masc. acc.sg., ‘desired-journey’. 216b. wudu: masc. acc.sg., ‘wood’, ship. bundenne: masc. acc.sg. of bunden, pp. of bindan, st.3, to ‘bind’ together. 217a. Ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart, go. þā: adv., then, thereupon. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. wǣġ-holm: masc. acc.sg., ‘wave-sea’. 217b. winde: dat.sg. of wind, masc., ‘wind’. ġefӯsed: pp. of ġefȳsan, wk.1, to incite. 218a. flota: wk. masc. nom.sg., ship, boat; see 210b. fāmī-heals: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘foamy-necked’. 218b. fugle: dat.sg. of fugol, masc., bird [fowl; G. Vogel]. ġelīcost: supl. masc. nom.sg. of ġelīċ, adj., alike. 219a. oð þæt: conj., until. ymb: prep., w.acc., after. āntīd: fem., acc.sg., due time [one, tide]. 219b. ōþres: neut. gen.sg. of ōðer, adj., second, next. dōgores: gen.sg. of dōgor, neut., day; adverbial gen. 220a. wunden-stefna: wk. masc. nom.sg., ship with ‘wound (=curved) stem (= prow)’. 220b. ġewaden: pp. of ġewadan, st.6, to go [wade]. hæfde: ‘had’: aux., pret. 3sg. 221a. þæt: conj., so that. ðā: nom.pl. of se, the. līðende: nom.pl. of līðend, masc., seafarer; pres. part. of līðan, to go by water. 221b. land: neut. acc.sg., ‘land’. ġesāwon: pret. 3pl. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’, behold; w.acc. & inf. 222a. brim-clifu: acc.pl. of brim-clif, neut., ‘sea-cliff’, headland. blīcan: st.1, to shine; cf. blāc, ‘shining’. 222b. beorgas: acc.pl. of beorg, beorh, masc., cliff. stēape: masc. acc.pl. of stēap, adj., ‘steep’. 223a. sīde: masc. acc.pl. of sīd, adj., large, spacious. sǣ-næssas: acc.pl. of sǣ -næ ss, masc., ‘sea-ness’, headland. 223b. þā: adv., then. sund: neut. nom.sg., sea, water. liden: pp. of līðan, st.1, to go by water. 224a. ēo-lē[t]: nom.sg., ‘water-stream’?; MS eoletes; see Jack’s Notes, p. 41. æt: prep., ‘at’. ende: masc. dat.sg., ‘end’. 224b. Þanon: adv., ‘thence’. up: adv., ‘up’, upwards. hraðe: adv., quickly [rather]. 225a. Wedera: gen. of Wederas, masc. pl., the ‘Weather’-Geatas; weder means ‘storm’. lēode: masc. nom.pl., people; see Com. 225b. on: prep., w.acc., to, on to. wang: masc. acc.sg., place, land. stigon: pret. 3pl. of stīgan, st.1, to step up, mount [G. steigen].

20

135r 230

sǣ-wudu sǣldon ― syrċan hrysedon,

海舟を繋いだ ―  鎖帷子が揺すれて鳴った、

gūð-ġewǣdo. Gode þancedon

戦衣が。 神に感謝した

þæs þe him ӯþ-lāde ēaðe wurdon.

航海が彼らにとって 安全だったことを。

|Þā of wealle ġeseah weard Sċildinga,

 その時、崖上より シュルディンガスの警備の武士は見た、

sē þe holm-clifu healdan sċolde,

230

beran ofer bolcan beorhte randas,

235

海の塁壁を 守る任務の者は、 （彼らが）板を渡って 輝く楯を運ぶのを、

fyrd-searu fūslicu; hine fyrwyt bræc

いつでも使える武具を； 好奇心が沸き上がった、

mōd-ġehyġdum hwæt þā men wǣron.

胸中に、この者どもは何者かと。

Ġewāt him þā tō waroðe wiċġe rīdan,

それから彼は岸辺に行った、 馬に乗って；

þeġn Hrōðgāres, þrymmum cwehte

235

mæġen-wudu mundum, meþel-wordum fræġn.

フロースガールの近侍の武士は、 力強く打ち振るって、 大槍を両手で、 型通りの言葉で尋ねた：

“Hwæt, syndon ġē searo-hæbbendra,

『お前たちは何者か、 武具を所持し、

byrnum werede, þē þus brontne ċēol

鎖帷子に身を固め、 このように高い舟を

226a. sǣ-wudu: masc. nom.sg., ‘sea-wood’, ship. sǣldon: pret. 3pl. of sǣ lan, wk.1, to bind, moor; cf. sāl,‘rope’. 226b. syrċan: nom.pl. of syrċe, wk. fem., mail-shirt. hrysedon: pret. 3pl. of hryssan, wk.1, to clatter (by shaking); cf. Jack, M &R. 227a. gūð-ġewǣdo: acc.pl. of gūð-ġewǣ de, neut., ‘war-gear’. 227b. Gode: dat. of God, masc., ‘God’. þancedon: pret. 3pl. of þancian, wk.2, to thank (for); w.dat. of person & gen. of thing. 228a. þæs þe: because. þæs: neut. gen.sg. of sē. him: them: dat. ӯþ-lāde: nom.pl. of ȳþ-lād, fem., ‘wave-crossing’, voyage. 228b. ēaðe: adj., fem. nom.pl., ‘easy’, pleasant. wurdon: pret. 3pl. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 229a. Þā: adv., then. of: prep., from. wealle: dat.sg. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’. ġeseah: pret. 3sg. of gesēon, st.5, to ‘see’, look on; w. inf. 229b. weard: masc. nom.sg., ‘warden’. Sċildinga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 230a. sē þe: rel. pron., who. holm-clifu: acc.pl. of holm-clif, neut., ‘sea-cliff’. 230b. healdan: st.7, to ‘hold’, guard. sċolde: pret. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., has to, was to [should]; signifies ‘duty’. 231a. beran: st.4, inf., to carry, ‘bear’. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’. bolcan: acc.sg. of bolca, wk. masc., deck, gangway of a ship. 231b. beorhte: masc. acc.pl. of beorht, adj., ‘bright’, brilliant. randas: acc.pl. of rond, masc., shield. 232a. fyrd-searu: acc.pl. of fyrd-searo, neut., ‘battle-gear’. fūslicu: neut. acc.pl. of fūs-līċ, adj., ready. 232b. hine: him: acc. fyrwyt: neut. nom.sg., curiosity. bræc: pret. 3sg. of brecan, st.4, to ‘break’, press. 233a. mōd-ġehyġdum: dat.pl. of mōd-ġehyġd, fem., ‘mind-thought’. 233b. hwæt: neut. nom.sg., interr. pron.: who, what. þā: nom.pl. of se, the. men: nom.pl. of man, masc., ‘man’. wǣron: were: pret. 3pl. 234a. Ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart, go; with refl. & verbs of motion. him: himself: refl. þā: adv., then. waroðe: dat.sg. of waroð, masc., shore. 234b. wiċġe: dat.sg. of wiċġ, neut., horse. rīdan: st.1, inf., to ‘ride’. 235a. þeġn: masc. nom.sg., ‘thane’, retainer. Hrōðgāres: gen. of Hrōðgār. 235b. þrymmum: dat.pl. of þrym(m), masc., might, force. cwehte: pret. 3sg. of cweċċan, wk.1, to brandish. 236a. mæġen-wudu: masc., acc.sg., ‘mighty spear’. mundum: instr.-dat.pl. of mund, fem., hand. 236b. meþel-wordum: dat.pl. of meþel-word, neut., ‘meeting-word’, formal discourse. fræġn: pret. 3sg. of friġnan, st.3, to ask, inquire. 237a. Hwæt: see 233b; see Com. syndon: are: pres. 2pl. of eom, anom., to be. ġē: ‘ye’: nom. 237b. searo-hæbbendra: gen.pl. of searo-hæ bbend, masc. (pres. part.), armour-holding warrior. 238a. byrnum: dat.pl. of byrne, wk. fem., coat of mail. werede: pp. masc. nom.pl. of werian, wk.1, to defend, protect [ware]. 238b. þē: rel. particle, who. þus: adv., ‘thus’. brontne: masc. acc.sg. of bront, adj., high. ċēol: masc. acc.sg., ship [cf. keel].

21

ofer lagu-strǣte lǣdan cwōmon, 240

245

250

海路を渡って 導いてきた （お前たちは）、

hider ofer holmas? [Hwæt, iċ hwī]le wæs

240

ここへ海原を越えて。 いかにもわしは長らく

ende-sǣta, ǣġ-wearde hēold,

国境警備の武士にて、 沿岸警備の任にあたってきた、

þē on land Dena lāðra nǣniġ

デネの国土に いかなる敵も

mid sċip-herġe sċeðþan ne meahte.

海舟の軍勢をもって 襲撃できぬように。

Nō hēr cūðlīcor cuman ongunnon

ここへこれほど公然と やって来た者はおらなんだ、

lind-hæbbende; ne ġē lēafnes-word

245

いかなる楯持つ武士も； お前らは許可の言葉を

gūð-fremmendra ġearwe ne wisson,

武士たちの、 すぐに得られるとは思わなかったはず、

māga ġemēdu. Nǣfre iċ māran ġeseah

王族の同意を。 わしはこれほど立派な御仁を知らぬ

eorla ofer eorþan ðonne is ēower sum,

この世の貴人の中で お主らの一人 (B)、

seċġ on searwum; nis þæt seld-guma,

鎧を着けた武士ほど； その人は家来ではあるまい、

wǣpnum ġeweorðad, næf[ne] him his wlite lēoge,

250

ǣnlīċ ansӯn. Nū iċ ēower sċeal

武器で飾られた、 彼の容貌が彼を欺いていなければ、 無比の風貌が。 今やわしはお前らの

239a. ofer: see 231a. lagu-strǣte: acc.sg. of lagu-strǣ t, fem., ‘sea-street’. 239b. lǣdan: wk.1, to ‘lead’, bring. cwōmon: pret. 3pl. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 240a. hider: adv., ‘hither’. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’. holmas: acc. pl. of holm, masc., sea. 240b. [Hwæt: interj. ‘what’, lo. hwī]le: acc.sg. of hwīl fem. ‘while’, time; adverbial: no gap in MS; supplied by Sievers. 241a. ende-sǣta: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘end (of territory)-sitter (= watcher)’, coast guard. 241b. ǣġ-wearde: acc.sg. of ǣ ġ-weard, fem., ‘shore-ward’. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’. 242a. þē: rel., neut. instr.sg., by which or conj., so that. on: prep., w.acc., to, onto. land: neut. acc.sg., ‘land’. Dena: gen. of Dene, masc. pl. 242b. lāðra: masc. gen.pl. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’ (one), foe, enemy. nǣniġ: pron., masc. nom.sg., not any, none. 243a. mid: prep., w.dat., with. sċip-herġe: dat.sg. of sċip-here, masc., ‘ship-army’, naval force. 243b. sċeðþan: st.6, to harm, attack. ne: adv., not. meahte: pret. subj. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can, ‘may’. 244a. Nō: emphatic neg. adv., not at all, never. hēr: adv., ‘here’, hither. cūðlīcor: compar. of cūð-līċe, adv., openly. 244b. cuman: st.4, to ‘come’. ongunnon: pret. 3pl. of on-ġinnan, st.3, to attempt. 245a. lind-hæbbende: masc. nom.pl., ‘shield-bearer’, warrior. 245b. ne: adv., not. ġē: nom.pl., ‘ye’, you. lēafnes-word: neut. acc.sg., ‘word of leave’, permission. 246a. gūð-fremmendra: gen. of gūð-fremmend(e), masc. pl., ‘war-performer’, commander. 246b. ġearwe: adv., readily. wisson: pret. 2pl. of witan, pret.-pres., to know. 247a. māga: gen.pl. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman. ġemēdu: acc.pl. of gemēde, neut., agreement, consent. 247b. Nǣfre: adv., ‘never’. iċ: ‘I’. māran: masc. acc.sg. of māra, greater, more. compar. of miċel, ‘much’. ġeseah: pret. 1sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’. 248a. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman. ofer: see 240a. eorþan: acc.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the earth. 248b. ðonne: conj., ‘than’. is: ‘is’: pres. 3sg. of bēon, anom. ēower: ‘your’: gen. of gē, ‘ye’. sum: indef. pron., masc. nom.sg., a certain (one); see Com. 249a. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., warrior, hero. on: prep., w.dat., in. searwum: dat.pl. of searo, neut., armour. 249b. nis: = ne is: ‘is not’. þæt: neut. nom.sg., that (one). seld-guma: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘hall-retainer’. 250a. wǣpnum: dat.pl. of wǣ pen, neut., ‘weapon’. ġeweorðad: pp. of weorðian, wk.2, to adorn. 250b. næf[ne]: conj., unless: with subj.; MS næ fre (never); emended by kemble; cf. MS reading, ‘may his looks...never belie him!’ (Jack, p. 43). wlite: masc. nom.sg., countenance. lēoge: pres. subj. 3sg. of lēogan, st.2, to ‘lie’, belie. 251a. ǣnlīċ: adj., fem. nom.sg. unique, peerless. an-sӯn: fem., nom.sg., face, countenance. 251b. Nū: adv., ‘now’. ēower: ‘your’: poss. adj., neut. acc.sg. sċeal: pres.1sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., ‘shall’, must.

22

135v

255

frum-cyn witan, ǣr ġē fyr |heonan

素性を知らねばならぬ、 お前らがここから更に

lēas-sċēaweras on land Dena

スパイの嫌疑者として デネの国土に

furþur fēran. Nū ġē feor-būend,

入り込む前に。 さあお前ら遠国の者たちよ、

mere-līðende mīn[n]e ġehӯrað

255

船乗りたちよ、 わしの心を読まれよ、

ān-fealdne ġeþōht; ofost is sēlest

単純な心を； 早いに越したことはない、

tō ġecȳðanne, hwanan ēowre cyme syndon”

告げるには、 いずこよりお前らが来たのかを』

252a. frum-cyn: neut. acc.sg., lineage, origin. witan: pret.-pres., to know, learn [to wit]. 252b. ǣr: conj., before; Klaeber’s Gloss., ‘rather than’. ġē: ‘ye’: nom.pl. fyr: adv., farther, compar. of feor(r), ‘far’. heonan: adv., ‘hence’. 253a. lēas-sċēaweras: nom.pl. of lēas-sċēawere, masc., ‘deceiving observer’, spy. 253b. on: prep., w.acc., on, into. land: neut. acc.sg., ‘land’. Dena: gen. of Dene. 254a. furþur: adv., ‘further’. fēran: pres. subj. 2pl. wk.1, to ‘fare’, go. 254b. Nū: ‘now’. feor-būend: masc. voc.pl., ‘far-dweller’. 255a. mere-līðende: masc. voc.pl., ‘sea-traverser’, seafarer [G. Meer]. 255b. mīn[n]e: ‘my, mine’: masc. acc.sg.; MS mine; emended by Kemble. ġehӯrað: imper. pl. of ġehȳran, wk.1, to ‘hear’, learn. 256a. ān-fealdne: masc. acc.sg. of ān-feald, adj., ‘one-fold’, simple. ġeþōht: masc. acc.sg., ‘thought’. 256b. ofost: fem. nom.sg., haste, speed. sēlest: adj., fem. nom.sg., best, supl. of gōd, ‘good’. 257a. ġecӯðanne: ger. of ġecȳðan, wk.1, to announce, make known. 257b. hwanan: adv., ‘whence’. ēowre: ‘your’: masc. nom.pl. cyme: masc., nom.pl., coming. syndon: are: pres. 3pl. of eom, anom.

23

IIII

・IIII・

 かの武将 (B) は彼に 答えて言った、

Him se yldesta andswarode, werodes wīsa, word-hord onlēac: 260

265

武士団の賢き者が、 言葉の宝庫を開いた：

“Wē synt gum-cynnes Ġēata lēode

260 『我らは民を言えば イェーアタスの民であり、

ond Hiġelāces heorð-ġenēatas.

ヒュエラ−クの 直臣である。

Wæs mīn fæder folcum ġecӯþed,

わが父は 諸国民にその名を知られ、

æþele ord-fruma, Eċġþēow hāten;

身分高き武将で、 エッジセーオウと呼ばれた；

ġebād wintra worn, ǣr hē on weġ hwurfe,

長生きして、 やがて他界した、

gamol of ġeardum; hine ġearwe ġeman,

265

年老いてこの世から； 彼のことをよく覚えている、

witena wēl-hwylċ wīde ġeond eorþan.

すべての賢人たちが、 広く世界中の。

Wē þurh holdne hiġe hlāford þīnne,

我らは友好の気持ちから お主の主君、

sunu Healfdenes, sēċean cwōmon,

ヘアルフデネのご子息を 訪問せんとやって来た、

lēod-ġebyrġean; wes þū ūs lārena gōd!

国民の守護者を； お主よ我らに良き指図を！

258a. Him: ‘him’, i.e. coastguard: dat. yldesta: oldest (one), chief: masc. nom.sg., supl. of eald, adj., ‘old’. 258b. andswarode: pret. 3sg. of and-swarian, wk.2, to ‘answer’. 259a. werodes: gen.sg. of werod, neut., troop. wīsa: wk. masc. nom.sg. of wīs, adj., wise (one); noun use. 259b. word-hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘word-hoard’. onlēac: pret. 3sg. of on-lūcan, st.2, to ‘un-lock’. 260a. Wē synt: we are: synt, 1pl. pres. of eom, to be. gum-cynnes: gen.sg. of gumcynn, neut., ‘mankind’, race [kin]; gen. of specification, ‘as to race’ (Klaeber’s Notes, p. 139). 260b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas, masc. pl. lēode: masc. nom.pl., people. 261a. Hiġelāces: gen. of Hiġelāc, Hyġelāc, masc., Geatish king, Beowulf ’s uncle. 261b. heorð-ġenēatas: nom.pl. of heorð-ġenēat, masc., ‘hearth-companion’; see Com. 262a. Wæs: ‘was’. mīn: poss. adj., ‘my, mine’. fæder: masc. nom.sg., ‘father’. 262b. folcum: dat.pl. of folc, neut., ‘folk’, nation. ġecӯþed: pp. of ġecȳðan, wk.1, to make known. 263a. æþele: adj., masc. nom.sg., noble [G. edel]. ord-fruma: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘point-beginning’, front man, chief. 263b. Eċġþēow: masc. nom., Beowulf’s father, who married Hygelac’s sister. hātan: pp. of hātan, st.7, to name, call. 264a. ġebād: pret 3sg. of ġebīdan, st.1, to live through [bide]; takes acc. as object in this sense. wintra: gen.pl. of winter, masc., ‘winter’, (in pl.) years. worn: masc. acc.sg., a large number; w.gen. pl. 264b. ǣr: conj., before. on weġ: ‘away’. on: prep. w.acc. weġ: masc. acc.sg., ‘way’. hwurfe: pret. subj. 3sg. of hweorfan, st.3, to turn, go. 265a. gamol: adj., masc. nom.sg., old, aged. of: prep., w.dat., from, out of. ġeardum: dat.pl. of ġeard, masc., dwelling, ‘yard’; has sg. meaning in pl.; cf. middanġeard, ‘this world’. 265b. hine: him, i.e. Ecgtheow: acc. ġearwe: adv., well. ġeman: pres. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.pres., to remember. 266a. witena: gen.pl. of wita, wk. masc., wise man. wēl-hwylċ: pron., masc. nom. sg., every (one); w.gen.pl. 266b. wīde: adv., widely. ġeond: prep., w.acc., throughout [beyond]. eorþan: acc.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the ‘earth’. 267a. þurh: prep., w.acc., ‘through’. holdne: masc. acc.sg. of hold, adj., friendly. hiġe: masc. acc.sg., mind. 267b. hlāford: masc. acc.sg., ‘lord’. þīnne: ‘thy, thine’: masc. acc.sg. of þīn. 268a. sunu: masc. acc.sg., ‘son’. Healfdenes: gen. of Healfdene. 268b. sēċean: wk.1, to visit, ‘seek’. cwōmon: = cōmon: pret. 1pl. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 269a. lēod-ġebyrġean: acc.sg. of lēod-ġebyrġea, wk. masc., ‘people-protector’. 269b. wes: imper. sg. of wesan, st.5, to be. ūs: ‘to us’. lārena: gen.pl. of lār, fem., instruction, counsel [lore]. gōd: masc. nom. sg. adj., ‘good’; w.gen. ‘as regards’; this half-line means literally ‘Be good to us as regards instruction!’ and figuratively ‘Give us good advice!’.

24

270

136r

275

280

Habbað wē tō þǣm mǣran miċel ǣrende,

270

我らはかの名高き方に 重大な用件を持っている、

Deniġa frē[ġe]an; ne sċeal þǣr dyrne sum

デネの王に； 何か重大な秘密があってはならない、

wesan, þæs iċ wēne. Þū wāst, ġif hit is

我が思うに。 お主も存じておるはず、もし

swā wē sōþlīċe |seċġan hӯrdon,

我らが実際に 噂に聞いた通りならば、

þæt mid Sċyldingum sċeaðona iċ nāt hwylċ,

シュルディンガスの中に 我が何者か知らぬ敵、

dēogol dǣd-hata deorcum nihtum

275

隠れた迫害者が 暗い夜中に

ēaweð þurh eġsan uncūðne nīð,

恐ろしくも示すことを、 不可解な敵意、

hӯnðu ond hrā-fyl. Iċ þæs Hrōðgār mæġ

危害と人食いを。 我はこの件でフロ−スガ−ルに

þurh rūmne sefan rǣd ġelǣran,

広い心から 忠告を進言できるのだ、

hū hē, frōd ond gōd, fēond oferswӯðeþ ―

賢明にして勇気ある方が 敵に打ち勝つ方法を ―

ġyf him edwend[e]n ǣfre sċolde

280

bealuwa bisiġu bōt eft cuman

もし彼 (H) に逆転が 万一訪れるとすれば、 破壊の苦しみの 救済が再び ―

270a. Habbað: pres. 1pl. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’. þǣm: masc. dat.sg., of se, def. art., the, that. mǣran: wk. masc. dat.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous, celebrated (one). 270b. miċel: adj., neut. acc.sg., great. ǣrende: neut. acc.sg., ‘errand’, message. 271a. Deniġa: gen. of Dene, masc. pl., the Danes, Denmark. frē[ġe]an: dat.sg. of, frēa, wk. masc., lord, king; MS frean; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 271b. sċeal: pres. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., ‘shall’, must. þǣr: ‘there’; ne sċeal...iċ wēne means ‘there shall not be any secret thing’. dyrne: adj., neut. nom.sg., hidden, secret. sum: ‘some’, anything (important): neut. nom.sg. 272a. wesan: st.5, to be. þæs: semi-conj., as. wēne: pres. 1sg. of wēnan, wk.1, to think [ween]. 272b. Þū: ‘thou’. wāst: pres. 2sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know [wit]. hit: ‘it’: neut.nom.; preparatory ‘it’ denoting ‘that’-clause. 273a. swā: conj., (just) as. sōþlīċe: adv., truly [soothly]. 273b. seċġan : wk.3, to ‘say’, tell; seċġan hȳrdon ‘heard say / tell’. hӯrdon: pret. 1pl. of hȳran, wk.1, to ‘hear’. 274a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the object clause. mid: prep., w.dat., among; see 77a, 195a. Sċyldingum: dat. of Sċyldingas, masc. pl. 274b. sċeaðona: gen.pl. of sċeaða, wk. masc., ‘scather’, enemy. nāt: ne not + wāt: pres. 1sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know. hwylċ: interr. pron., nom.sg., ‘which’; w.gen.pl.; this half-line means ‘which of enemies I don’t know’. 275a. dēogol: adj., masc. nom.sg., hidden, remote. dǣd-hata: wk. masc. nom.sg, ‘deedhater’, persecutor. 275b. deorcum: fem. dat.pl. of deorc, adj., ‘dark’. nihtum: dat.pl. of niht, fem., ‘night’. 276a. ēaweð: pres. 3sg. of ēowan, ȳwan, wk.1, to show. þurh: prep., w.acc., ‘through’. eġsan: acc.sg. of eġesa, wk. masc., terror. 276b. uncūðne: masc. acc.sg. of un-cūð, adj., ‘unknown’. nīð: masc. acc.sg., hostility, malice. 277a. hӯnðu: fem. acc.sg., injury, harm. hrā-fyl: masc. acc.sg., cannibalism; hrāw corpse + fyllo feast (Robinson (1985), p. 62). 277b. þæs: for / about that: neut. gen.sg. of þæ t, ‘that’. Hrōðgār: masc. acc.; the object of ġelǣ ran. mæġ: ‘may’, can. 278a. rūmne: masc. acc.sg. of rūm, adj., broad [roomy]. sefan: acc.sg. of sefa, wk. masc., mind, heart. 278b. rǣd: masc. acc.sg., advice, wisdom. ġelǣran: wk. 1, to teach, advise; w.acc. of person & thing. 279a. hū: conj., ‘how’; introduces the clause that amplifies rǣ d; constructions of this type are many. frōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., old and wise. gōd: adj., brave, ‘good’. 279b. fēond: masc. acc.sg., enemy, foe [fiend]. oferswӯðeþ: pres. 3sg. of ofer-swȳðan, wk.1, to ‘overcome’. 280a. ġyf: = ġif: ‘if ’. him: to him, i.e. Hrothgar. edwend[e]n: fem. nom.sg., reversal: MS edwendan; emended by Bugge. 280b. ǣfre: adv., ‘ever’. sċolde: (if...) ‘should’. 281a. bealuwa: gen. pl. of bealu, neut., destruction. bisiġu: wk. fem. gen.sg., affliction [business]. 281b. bōt: fem. nom.sg., relief [boot]; bealuwa bisiġu bōt amplifies edwenden. eft: adv., back again. cuman: st.4, to ‘come’.

25

285

ond þā cear-wylmas cōlran wurðaþ;

そうすればその沸き立つ悲しみは 静まろう；

oððe ā syþðan earfoð-þrāge,

さもなければ王は今後常に つらい時期を、

þrēa-nӯd þolað, þenden þǣr wunað

哀しい運命を忍ぶことになろう、 立っている限りは、

on hēah-stede hūsa sēlest.”

285

Weard maþelode, ðǣr on wiċġe sæt,

290

あの高台に 並ぶものなき館 (Heorot) が』  警備の武士は答えた、 そこで馬の背にまたがって、

ombeht unforht: “ǣġhwæþres sċeal

恐れを知らぬ役人は： 『それぞれの、

sċearp sċyld-wiga ġesċād witan,

賢き楯持つ武士は 矛盾なきを弁えるべきもの、

worda ond worca, sē þe wēl þenċeð.

言葉と行いとの、 物事を正しく判断する者は。

Iċ þæt ġehӯre, þæt þis is hold weorod

290

わしは存じておる、 これは友好的な一団なるを

frēan Sċyldinga. Ġewītaþ forð beran

シュルディンガスの王に対し。 進むがよい、携えて

wǣpen ond ġewǣdu. Iċ ēow wīsiġe;

武器甲冑を。 わしがお主らを案内いたそう；

swylċe iċ magu-þeġnas mīne hāte

その上わしはわしの若い家来に 命じよう、

wið fēonda ġehwone flotan ēowerne,

すべての敵に対し お主らの舟、

282a. þā: the, that: def. art. nom.pl. cear-wylmas: nom.pl. of cear-wæ lm, masc., ‘care-welling’, surging of sorrow. 282b. cōlran: compar. nom.pl. of cōl, adj., ‘cool’, calm. wurðaþ: pres. 3pl. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 283a. oððe: conj., or. ā: adv., always. syþðan: adv., afterwards. 283b. earfoð-þrāge: acc.sg. of earfoð-þrāg, fem., ‘hardship-time’, time of tribulation, distress. 284a. þrēa-nӯd: fem. acc.sg., ‘throe-need’, dire necessity. þolað: pres. 3sg. of þolian, wk.2, to suffer. 284b. þenden: conj., while, as long as. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. wunað: pres. 3sg. of wunian, wk.2, to be placed or situated. 285a. hēah-stede: dat.sg. of hēah-stede, masc., ‘high place’ [stead]. 285b. hūsa: gen.pl. of hūs, neut., ‘house’. sēlest: neut. nom.sg., best; supl. of gōd, adj., ‘good’; also 146a. 286a. Weard: fem. nom.sg., guard [ward]. maþelode: pret. 3sg. of maþelian, wk.2, to speak formally. 286b. ðǣr: rel. adv., where; becomes conj, when, as. wiċġe: dat.sg. of wiċġ, neut., horse. sæt: ‘sat’: pret.sg. 287a. ombeht: masc. nom.sg., servant, officer [G. Amt]. un-forht: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘un-afraid’, fearless, brave. 287b. Ǣġhwæþres: neut. gen. sg. of ǣ ġhwæ ðer, pron., either, each (of two, i.e. words and deeds’); modifies ġesċād. 288a. sċearp: adj., masc. nom.sg., smart, ‘sharp’. sċyld-wiga: wk. masc. nom.sg, ‘shield-warrior’. 288b. ġesċād: neut. acc.sg., distinction; see Com; both Jack and M & R. take the sense of this word not as ‘distinction’ but as ‘meaning’, which, we think, makes no sense. witan: pret.-pres., to know; cf. G. Scheid wissen, ‘to know the distinction’. 289a. worda: gen.pl. of word, neut., ‘word’. worca: gen.pl. of weorc, neut., deed, ‘work’. 289b. sē þe: he who. wēl: adv., ‘well’. þenċeð: pres. 3sg. of þenċan, wk.1, to ‘think’. 290a. þæt (...þæt): it (...that). ġehӯre: pres. 1sg. of ġehȳran, wk.1, to learn, ‘hear’. 290b. þis: ‘this’: neut. nom. hold: adj., neut. nom.sg., friendly. weorod: neut. nom.sg., troop; cf. 259a. 291a. frēan: dat.sg. of frēa, wk. masc., lord, king. Sċyldinga: gen.pl. 291b. Ġewītaþ: imper. pl. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart, go; w. inf. forð: adv., ‘forth’. beran: st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 292a. wǣpen: neut. acc.sg., ‘weapon’. ġewǣdu: neut. acc.pl., armour. 292b. ēow: ‘you’: dat.pl. of pron., 2pl., ġē, ‘ye’. wīsiġe: pres. 1sg. of wīsian, wk.2, to show the way, guide. 293a. swylċe: adv., likewise, also. magu-þeġnas: acc.pl. of mago-þeġn, masc., ‘young thane’. 293b. mīne: masc. acc.pl. of mīn, poss. adj., ‘my, mine’. hāte: pres. 1sg. of st.7., hātan, to order. 294a. wið: prep., w.acc., against. fēonda: gen.pl. of fēond, masc., enemy, foe [fiend]. ġehwone: masc. acc. of ġehwā, pron., each (one). 294b. flotan: acc.sg. of flota, wk. masc., ship, ‘floater’. ēowerne: masc. acc.sg. of ēower, poss. adj., ‘your’.

26

295

136v

300

nīw-tyrwydne nacan on sande,

295

ārum healdan, oþ ðæt eft byreð

立派に守るように、 再び運ぶまで、

ofer lagu-strēa|mas lēofne mannan,

海路を越えて、 愛しい人々を

wudu wunden-hals tō Weder-mearce;

その舳先の曲がった舟が ウェデラスの国へ；

gōd-fremmendra swylcum ġifeþe bið

そのような勇敢な人 (B) にとって 定めとなろう、

þæt þone hilde-rǣs hāl ġedīġeð.”

300

Ġewiton him þā fēran. Flota stille bād,

305

タ−ルを塗ったばかりの 舟を海辺にて

彼が戦の嵐を 無事くぐり抜けることは』  それから彼らは出発した。 舟はじっと留まった、

seomode on s[ā]le sīd-fæþmed sċip,

ロ−プに繋がれた 幅広い舟は、

on ancre fæst. Eoforlīċ sċionon

錨に固定されて。 猪の像が輝いた

ofer hlēor-ber[g]an, ġehroden golde,

兜の上に、 金で飾られ、

fāh ond fӯr-heard ― ferh-wearde hēold,

305

gūþ-mōd gr[i]mmon. Guman ōnetton,

光り、火で鍛えられた（像が）―  命を守った、 好戦的な （像） が獰猛な者たちから。  武士たちは急いだ、

295a. nīw-tyrwydne: masc. acc.sg., of nīw-tyrwed, adj., ‘new(ly) tarred’. 295b. nacan: acc.sg. of naca, wk. masc., boat, ship. sande: dat.sg. of sand, neut., ‘sand’, shore. 296a. ārum: dat.pl. of ār, fem., honour, kindness [G. Ehre]. healdan: st.7, to keep, guard, ‘hold’. 296b. oþ ðæt: conj., until. eft: adv., back again. byreð: pres. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 297a. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. lagu-strēamas: acc.pl. of lagu-strēam, masc., ‘seastream’, sea. 297b. lēofne: masc. acc.sg. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved [G. lieb]; cf. 34b. mannan: acc.sg. of man(n), masc., wk., ‘man’. 298a. wudu: masc. nom.sg., ship, ‘wood’. wunden-hals: adj., masc. nom.sg., with ‘wound neck’, curved prow. 298b. Weder-mearce: dat.sg. of Weder-mearc, fem., ‘Weather-mark’, i.e. land of the Geatas. 299a. gōd-fremmendra: gen.pl. of gōd-fremmend(e), masc. (pres. part.), ‘good-doer’. 299b. swylcum: masc. dat. sg. of swylċ, pron., such one; w.gen.pl. ġifeþe: neut. nom.sg. adj., given, granted by fate. bið: pres. 3sg. of bēon, anom., ‘be’, shall be; ‘to whomsoever of the brave ones it will be granted’ (Klaeber’s Notes); see Com. 300a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. of se. hilde-rǣs: masc. acc.sg., ‘battle-storm’. 300b. hāl: adj., ‘whole’, hale, unhurt [G. heil]. ġedīġeð: pres. 3sg. of ġedīġan, wk.1, to pass safely through, survive. 301a. Ġewiton: pret. 3pl. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart, go; with refl. dat. (him) and inf. him: them: refl. dat. þā: adv., then. fēran: wk.1, to ‘fare’, go. 301b. Flota: wk. masc. nom.sg.; see 294b. stille: adj., made ‘still’, moored. bād: pret. 3sg. of bīdan, st.1, to wait, remain. 302a. seomode: pret. 3sg. of seomian, wk.2, to rest, lie in wait. on: prep., w.dat., ‘on’. s[ā]le: dat.sg of sāl, masc., rope [G. Seil]; MS onsole; emended by Ettmüller. 302b. sīd-fæþmed: adj. (pp.), ‘wide bosomed’, roomy. sċip: neut. nom.sg. ‘ship’. 303a. ancre: dat.sg. of ancor, masc., ‘anchor’. fæst: adj. neut. nom.sg., ‘fast’, fixed. 303b. Eoforlīċ: neut. nom.pl., ‘boar-figures’ [cf. likeness]; see Com. sċionon: pret. 3pl. of sċīnan, st.1, to ‘shine’. 304a. hlēor-ber[g]an: dat.pl. of hlēor-berg, fem., ‘cheek-guard’, i.e. helmet; MS hleor beran; emended by Ettmüller; see Com. 304b. ġehroden: pp. neut. nom.pl. of hrēodan, st.2, to adorn, decorate. golde: dat.sg. of gold, neut., ‘gold’. 305a. fāh: adj. neut. nom.pl., shining; but Kiernan takes it as ‘bloodstained’. fӯr-heard: adj., neut. nom.pl., ‘fire-hardened’. 305b. ferh-wearde: acc.sg. of ferh-weard, fem., ‘life-guard’. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold; see Com. 306a. gūþ-mōd: adj., nom.sg., warlike (one), the boar-figure; with the change from pl. to sg. gr[i]mmon: -um: masc. dat.pl. of grim(m), adj., ‘grim’, fierce (one); noun use; see Com; MS grummon; emended by Sedgefield. 306b. Guman: nom.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. ōnetton: pret. 3pl. of ōn-ettan, wk.1, to hasten, hurry.

27

310

315

sigon ætsomne, oþ þæt hӯ [s]æl timbred

一団となって進み、 やがて彼らは建てられた館を、

ġeatolīċ ond gold-fāh, onġyton mihton;

豪華絢爛に金箔をもって、 認めることができた；

þæt wæs fore-mǣrost fold-būendum

それは最も名高きものであった、 この世の人にとり、

reċeda under roderum; on þǣm se rīċa bād;

310

līxte se lēoma ofer landa fela.

その（館の）光りは輝いた、 あまたの国々に。

Him þā hilde-dēor [h]of mōdiġra

その時彼らにこの武士は 勇士らの家 (H) を、

torht ġetǣhte, þæt hīe him tō mihton

輝いているものを、教えた、 彼らがそこへ

ġegnum gangan; gūð-beorna sum

真っ直ぐ行けることを； 優れた武士〔警備の武士〕は

wiċġ ġewende, word æfter cwæð:

315

“Mǣl is mē tō fēran; Fæder alwalda

137r

天の下の館の中で； そこに身分高き人が住んでいた；

駒の向きを変えて、 その後次の言葉を述べた： 『わしが戻るべき頃合である； 全能の神が、

mid ār-stafum ēowiċ ġehealde,

恵みもて、 お主らを守りた給わんことを、

sīða ġesunde! Iċ tō sǣ wille,

旅の間つつがなく！ わしは海に戻り、

wið |wrāð werod wearde healdan.”

敵の軍勢に対し 警備を務めるつもりである』

307a. sigon: pret. 3pl. of sīgan, st.1, to move. ætsomne: adv., together. 307b. oþ þæt: conj., until. hӯ: = hīe: they. [s]æl: neut. acc.sg., hall [G. Saal]. timbred: pp. neut. acc.sg. of timbran, wk.1, to build; MS æ ltimbred (adj., ‘alltimbered (place)’; so Kiernan); emended by Kemble. 308a. ġeatolīċ: adj., neut. acc.sg., ornamented, adorned stately. gold-fāh: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘gold-ornamented’. 308b. on-ġyton: -an: st.5, inf., to perceive. mihton: ‘might’, could: pret. 3pl. of magan, pret.-pres. 309a. þæt wæs: ‘it was’. fore-mǣrost: supl. of fore-mǣ re, adj., very famous; fore‘in front’ [fore] is an intensifier. 309b. fold-būendum: dat.pl. of fold-būend, masc. (pres. part), earth-dweller, man. 310a. reċeda: gen.pl. of reċed, masc. / neut., building, hall; follows the supl. fore-mǣ rost. roderum: dat.pl. (w. sg. meaning) of rodor, masc., sky, heaven. 310b. þǣm: that one, i.e. hall: masc. dat.sg. se: the: masc. nom.sg. rīċa: wk. masc. nom.sg. of rīċe, adj., (the) powerful (one), i.e. Hrothgar [rich]. bād: pret. 3sg. of bīdan, st.1, to dwell. 311a. līxte: pret. 3sg. of līxan, wk.1, to shine. lēoma: wk. masc. nom.sg., light [leam]. 311b. ofer: prep., w.acc. (motion), ‘over’. landa: gen.pl. of land, neut., ‘land’. fela: adj., acc.sg., much, many; w.gen.pl. 312a. Him: them: dat. þā: adv., then. hilde-dēor: adj., brave (one) in battle, i.e. coast-guard. 312b. [h]of: neut. acc.sg., dwelling, house, court [G. Hof]; MS of; emended by Kemble. mōdiġra: masc. gen.pl. of mōdiġ, adj., brave [moody]. 313a. torht: adj., neut. acc.sg., bright. ġetǣhte: pret. 3sg. of ġetǣ ċan, wk.1, to show, point out, ‘teach’. 313b. þæt: conj., so that; in order that. hīe: they. him: neut. dat.sg. of hit, ‘it’, i.e. hof. mihton: ‘might’, could: pret. 3pl. (subj.?); see 308b. 314a. ġegnum: adv., straight, directly. gangan: st.7, to go. 314b. gūð-beorna: gen.pl. of gūð-beorn, masc., warrior. sum: pron., masc. nom.sg., (notable) one. 315a. wiċġ: neut. acc.sg., horse. ġewende: pret. 3sg. of ġewendan, wk.1, to turn. 315b. word: neut. acc.sg., ‘word’. æfter: adv., afterwards. cwæð: pret. 3sg. of cweðan, st.5, to speak. 316a. Mǣl: neut. nom.sg., time. fēran: wk.1., to ‘fare’; this half-line means ‘It is time for me to go’. 316b. Fæder: masc. nom.sg., the ‘Father’. al-walda: masc. nom.sg., adj., ‘all-ruling’, almighty. 317a. mid: prep., with. ār-stafum: dat.pl. of ār-stæ f, masc., grace, favour. 317b. ēowiċ: ‘you’: acc. of ġē, ‘ye’. ġehealde: pres. subj. 3sg. of ġehealdan, st.7, to guard. 318a. sīða: gen.pl. of sīð, masc., journey, expedition. ġesunde: masc. acc.pl. of ġesund, adj., safe and ‘sound’. 318b. sǣ: masc. dat.sg., ‘sea’. wille: pres. 1sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’; a verb of motion understood. 319a. wið: prep. w.acc., against. wrāð: adj., neut. acc.sg., hostile [wroth]. werod: neut. acc.sg., troop. 319b. wearde: acc.sg. of weard, fem., guard [ward]. healdan: st.7, to keep.

28

・V・ 320

325

330

V

Strǣt wæs stān-fāh, stīġ wīsode

320

 街道には石が敷かれ、 道筋は行く手を示した、

gumum ætgædere. Gūð-byrne sċān

武士の一団に。 戦鎧がきらめいた、

heard, hond-locen, hring-īren sċīr

頑丈な手編みの、 具足の輝く鉄環が

song in searwum, þā hīe tō sele furðum

ぶつかり合って歌をうたった、 彼らがまずもって館に

in hyra gryre-ġeatwum gangan cwōmon.

武具に身を固め 歩いて向かったとき。

Setton sǣ-mēþe sīde sċyldas,

325

船旅に疲れた人たちは立て掛けた、 大きな楯を、

rondas reġn-hearde wið þæs reċedes weal;

すばらしく頑丈な楯を その館の壁に；

bugon þā tō benċe ― byrnan hringdon,

それから長椅子に腰掛けた、 ― 鎖帷子が鳴り響いた、

gūð-searo gumena; gāras stōdon,

武士らの戦衣が； 槍は立てられた、

sǣ-manna searo samod ætgædere,

船乗りたちの武器は 一緒にまとめて、

æsċ-holt ufan grǣġ; wæs se īren-þrēat

330

先が輝くとねりこの木〔槍〕は； 武装した一団は

wǣpnum ġewurþad. Þā ðǣr wlonc hæleð

武器で飾られていた。 その時そこにいた誇らかな男が

ōret-meċġas æfter [æþel]um fræġn:

武士たちに 素性を問いただした：

320a. Strǣt: fem., nom.sg., ‘street’. stān-fāh: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘stone-decorated’, cobbled. 320b. stīġ: fem. nom. sg., path. wīsode: pret. 3sg. of wīsian, wk.2, to show the way. 321a. gumum: dat.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. ætgædere: adv., together. 321b. Gūð-byrne: wk. fem. nom.sg., ‘war-corslet’. sċān: pret. 3sg. of sċīnan, st.1, to ‘shine’. 322a. heard: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘hard’. hond-locen: adj. (pp.), fem. nom.sg., ‘linked by hand’. 322b. hring-īren: neut. nom.sg., ‘iron rings’ (of corslet). sċīr: adj. neut. nom.sg., shining. 323a. song: pret. 3sg. of singan, st.3, to ‘sing’. searwum: dat.pl. of searo, neut., armour. 323b. þā:conj., when. hīe: they: nom.3pl. sele: masc. dat.sg., hall. furðum: adv., just (of time), first. 324a. hyra: their: gen.pl. of hīe. gryre-ġeatwum: dat. of gryre-ġeatwe, fem. pl., ‘terrible armour’. 324b. gangan: anom., to walk, ‘go’. cwōmon: pret. 3pl. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 325a. Setton: pret. 3pl. of settan, wk.1, to ‘set’. sǣ-mēþe: adj., masc. nom.pl., ‘sea-weary’. 325b. sīde: masc. acc.pl. of sīd, adj., large, great. sċyldas: acc.pl. of sċyld, masc., ‘shield’. 326a. rondas: acc.pl. of rond, masc., shield. reġn-hearde: masc. acc.pl. of reġn-heard, adj., ‘attack-hard’, very strong,. 326b. wið: prep., w.acc., against. þæs: masc. / neut. gen.sg. of sē, or þæ t, the, that. reċedes: gen.sg. of reċed, masc. / neut., hall. weal: masc., acc.sg., ‘wall’. 327a. bugon: pret. 3pl. of būgan, st.2, to bend, sit down [bow]. þā: adv., then. benċe: dat.sg. of benċ, fem., ‘bench’. 327b. byrnan: nom.pl. of byrne, wk. fem., coat of mail [byrnie]. hringdon: pret. 3pl. of hringan, wk.1, to ‘ring’, resound. 328a. gūð-searo: neut. nom.pl., ‘battle-gear’. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. 328b. gāras: nom.pl. of gār, masc., spear. stōdon: pret. 3pl. of standan, st.6, to ‘stand’. 329a. sǣ-manna: gen.pl. of sǣ mann, masc., ‘sea-man’. searo: neut. nom.pl., weapons, i.e. spears. 329b. samod: adv., together. ætgædere: adv., together. 330a. æsċ-holt: neut. nom.pl., ‘ash-wood’, spear. ufan: adv., at the top. grǣġ: adj. neut. nom.pl., ‘grey’, gleaming. 330b. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. īren-þrēat: masc. nom.sg., ‘iron-troop’, armoured band of warriors. 331a. wǣpnum: dat.pl. of wǣ pen, neut., ‘weapon’. ġewurþad: pp. of weorðian, wk.2, to adorn. 331b. Þā: adv., then. ðǣr: adv., ‘there’. wlonc: adj., masc. nom.sg., proud, bold. hæleð: masc. nom.sg., warrior; see Com. 332a. ōret-meċġas: acc.pl. of ōret-meċġ, masc., ‘warrior-man’. 332b. æfter: prep., w.dat., about. [æþel]um: dat. of æ ðelu, neut.pl., noble (descent); MS hæ le / þum; emended by Grein. fræġn: pret. 3sg. of friġnan, st.3, to inquire.

29

“Hwanon feriġeað ġē fǣtte sċyldas

『いずこよりお主らは運んできたのか、 金張りの楯、

grǣġe syrcan ond grīm-helmas, 335

137v 340

345

輝く胴鎧、 面頬つきの兜、

here-sċeafta hēap? Iċ eom Hrōðgāres

335

戦の長柄〔槍〕の束を。 わしはフロースガールの

ār ond ombiht. Ne seah iċ el-þēodiġe

伝令にして家来なり。  わしは他国の者を見たことがない、

þus maniġe men mōdiġlīċran.

かくも多くの者を、これほど豪胆そうな。

Wēn’ iċ þæt ġē for wlenċo, nalles for wræc-sīðum,

思うにお主らは誇りのためで、  よもや亡命のためでなく、

ac for hiġe-|þrymmum Hrōðgār sōhton.”

大志のためであろう、 フロースガール王を訪れたのは』

Him þā ellen-rōf andswarode,

340

すると彼に勇敢な人 (B) が 答えた、

wlanc Wedera lēod, word æfter spræc,

誇り高きウェデラスの王子は すぐに次の言葉を述べた：

heard under helme. “Wē synt Hiġelāces

兜を被って豪胆な： 『我らはヒュエラークの

bēod-ġenēatas; Bēowulf is mīn nama.

食卓の友〔側近〕なり； わが名はベーオウルフである。

Wille iċ āseċġan sunu Healfdenes,

我は申し上げたい、 ヘアルフデネのご子息 (H)、

mǣrum þēodne, mīn ǣrende,

345

aldre þīnum, ġif hē ūs ġeunnan wile

名高き王に、 我の用向きを、 お主の主君に、 もし彼が我らに認められるなら、

333a. Hwanon: adv., ‘whence’. feriġeað: pres. 2pl. of ferian, wk.1, to carry [ferry]. gē: ‘ye’: nom. 333b. fǣtte: masc. acc.pl. of fǣ ted, adj. (pp.), decorated, gold-plated. sċyldas: acc.pl. of sċyld, masc., ‘shield’. 334a. grǣġe: fem. acc.pl. of grǣ ġ, adj., gleaming, ‘grey’. syrcan: acc.pl. of syrċe, wk. fem., mail-shirt [sark]. 334b. grīm-helmas: acc.pl. of grīm-helm, masc., ‘mask(= vizored)-helmet’. 335a. here-sċeafta: gen.pl. of here-sċeaft, masc., ‘battleshaft’, spear. hēap: masc. acc.sg., band [heap]. 335b. eom: am: pres. 1sg. of bēon, anom., to be. Hrōðgāres: gen. of Hrōðgār. 336a. ār: masc. nom.sg., messenger. ombiht: masc. nom.sg., officer. 336b. seah: pret. 1sg. of sēon, st.5, to ‘see’. el-þēodiġe: masc. acc.pl. of el-þēodiġ, adj., ‘of foreign people’, alien. 337a. þus: adv., ‘thus’. maniġe: masc. acc.pl. of moniġ, adj., ‘many’. men: acc.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 337b. mōdiġlīċran: compar., masc. acc.pl. of mōdiġlīċ, adj., brave, gallant. 338a. Wēn’: =wēne: pres. 1sg. of wēnan, wk.1, to think [ween]; MS wen, with an apostrophy added for omission of the final e before a vowel. þæt: conj., ‘that’. gē: see 333a. for: prep., ‘for’, because of. wlenċo: wk. fem. dat.sg., pride, high spirit. 338b. nalles: adv., not at all. wræc-sīðum: dat.pl. of wræ c-sīð, masc., ‘banished journey’, exile. 339a. ac: conj., but. hiġe-þrymmum: dat.pl. of hiġe-þrym, masc., ‘mind-greatness’. 339b. Hrōðgār: masc., acc.sg. sōhton: pret. 2pl. of sēċan, wk.1, to visit. 340a. Him: him: dat. þā: adv., then. ellen-rōf: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘famed for valour’, brave (one). 340b. andswarode: pret. 3sg. of andswarian, wk.2, to ‘answer’. 341a. wlanc: adj., masc. nom.sg., proud; cf. i-mutated wlenċo above. Wedera: gen. of Wederas, masc.pl., the Weather-Geatas. lēod: masc. nom.sg., prince. 341b. word: neut. acc.sg., ‘word’. æfter: adv., afterwards. spræc: pret. 3sg. of sprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’. 342a. heard: adj., masc. nom.sg., bold, ‘hard’. helme: dat.sg. of helm, masc., ‘helmet’. 342b. synt: are: pres. 1pl. of bēon, to ‘be’. Hiġelāces: gen. of Hiġelāc, Geatish king. 343a. bēod-ġenēatas: nom.pl. of bēod-ġenēat, masc., ‘table-companion’. 343b. mīn: ‘my, mine’: masc. nom.sg. nama: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘name’. 344a. Wille: pres. 1sg. of willan, to wish, ‘will’. ā-seċġan: wk.3, to ‘say’. 344b. sunu: = -a: masc. dat.sg., ‘son’. Healfdenes: gen. of Healfdene, father of Hrothgar. 345a. mǣrum: masc. dat.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous. þēodne: dat.sg. of þēoden, masc., lord. 345b. ǣrende: neut. acc.sg., message, ‘errand’. 346a. alder: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, masc., lord. þīnum: ‘thy, thine’: masc. dat.sg. 346b. ġif: conj., ‘if ’. ūs: ‘us’: dat. ġeunnan: pret.-pres., to allow. wile: ‘will’; 3sg.; see 344a.

30

350

355

þæt wē hine swā gōdne grētan mōton.”

我らが、非常に優れた方に ご挨拶してもよいと』

Wulfgār maþelode: ― þæt wæs Wendla lēod,

ウルフガールは答えた： 彼はウェンドラスの人で、

wæs his mōd-sefa maneġum ġecӯðed,

彼の心意気は 多くの人たちに知られていた、

wīġ ond wīsdōm ―: “Iċ þæs wine Deniġa,

350

勇気と知恵は： 『わしはその向きをデネの友、

frēan Sċildinga, frīnan wille,

シュルディンガスの国王に お尋ね申そう、

bēaga bryttan, swā þū bēna eart,

指輪の分配者に、 貴殿の頼み通りに、

þēoden mǣrne ymb þīnne sīð,

名高き君に、 貴殿の旅について、

ond þē þā andsware ǣdre ġecӯðan

そして貴殿に答えを すぐにお知らせしよう、

ðē mē se gōda āġifan þenċeð.”

355

Hwearf þā hrædlīċe þǣr Hrōðgār sæt,

優れたお方が わしに下さる （答え）を』  それから彼はすぐに向かった、  フロースガールが座所へ、

eald ond unhār, mid his eorla ġedriht;

老いて髪白く、 家臣団と共におられる所へ；

ēode ellen-rōf þæt hē for eaxlum ġestōd

勇敢なる人 (W) は進み出て、 彼は肩先に立った、

Deniġa frē[ġe]an; cūþe hē duguðe þēaw.

デネの王の； 彼は家来の作法をわきまえていた。

347a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hine: him: acc. swā: adv., ‘so’. gōdne: masc. acc.sg. of gōd, adj., ‘good’, noble (one). 347b. grētan: wk.1, to ‘greet’. mōton: pres. 1pl. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, be allowed. 348a. Wulfgār: masc. nom., an official at Hrothgar’s court. maþelode: pret. 3sg. of maþelian, wk.2, to speak formally. 348b. þæt: demon. pron., neut. nom.sg., ‘that’ (one). Wendla: gen. of Wendlas, masc.pl., the Vandals. lēod: see 341a. 349a. mōdsefa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘mind-spirit’. 349b. maneġum: masc. dat.pl. of moniġ, adj., ‘many’ (people). ġecӯðed: well known, pp. of cȳðan, wk.1, to make known. 350a. wīġ: neut. / masc. nom.sg., valour. wīsdōm: masc. nom.sg., ‘wisdom’. 350b. þæs: about ‘that’: neut. gen.sg. of þæ t. wine: masc. acc.sg., friend, friendly lord. Deniġa: gen. of Dene, masc. pl., the Danes. 351a. frēan: acc.sg. of frēa, wk. masc., lord, king. Sċildinga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 351b. frīnan: = friġnan: st.3, to ask; w.acc. of person & gen. of thing. wille: pres. 1sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to intend. 352a. bēaga: gen.pl. of bēag, bēah, masc., ring. bryttan: acc.sg. of brytta, wk. masc., distributor. 352b. swā: conj., just as. þū: ‘thou’. bēna: wk. masc. nom.sg., petitioner. eart: are: pres. 2sg. of anom., bēon, to ‘be’. 353a. þēoden: masc. acc.sg., lord, king. mǣrne: masc. acc.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous; cf. 345a. 353b. ymb: prep., w.acc., about. þīnne: ‘thy, thine’: masc. acc.sg. sīð: masc. acc.sg., journey. 354a. þē: ‘thee’: dat. þā: the, that: fem. acc.sg. of sēo. andsware: acc.sg. of and-swaru, fem., ‘answer’. 354b. ǣdre: adv., early, speedily. ġecӯðan: wk.1, inf., to make known. 355a. ðē: rel. pron., which, that. se: the, masc. nom.sg. gōda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of gōd, adj., ‘good’, excellent (one). 355b. āġifan: st.5, to ‘give’. þenċeð: pres. 3sg. of þenċan, wk.1, to intend. 356a. Hwearf: pret. 3sg. of hweorfan, st.3, to turn, go. þā: adv., then. hrædlīċe: adv., quickly. 356b. þǣr: rel. adv, where. sæt: pret. 3sg. of sittan, st.5, to ‘sit’. 357a. eald: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘old’. unhār: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘very hoary’, whitehaired; -un is an intensifier; see Com. 357b. mid: prep., w.acc., together with. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman [earl]. ġedriht: fem. acc.sg., band of retainers. 358a. ēode: pret. 3sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. ellen-rōf: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘courage-brave’ (one); cf. 340a. 358b. þæt: conj., so that, until. for: prep., w.dat., before, in front of. eaxlum: dat.pl. of eaxl, fem., shoulder. ġestōd: pret. 3sg. of ġestandan, st.6, to ‘stand’; see Com. 359a. Deniġa: gen. of Dene, masc. pl., the Danes. frē[ġe]an: gen.sg. of frēa, wk. masc., lord, king; MS frean; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 359b. cūþe: pret. 3sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know. duguðe: gen.sg. of duguð, fem., tried warriors, retainers of a chief. þēaw: masc. acc.sg., custom, manner.

31

138r

Wulfgār maðelode |tō his wine-drihtne:

361

“Hēr syndon ġeferede, feorran cumene,

365

370

360

ウルフガールは述べた、 己の主君に： 『ここへ旅して参りました、 遠方よりやって参りました、

ofer ġeofenes begang Ġēata lēode;

海原越えて イェーアタス人らが；

þone yldestan ōret-meċġas

その武将を 武士たちは

Bēowulf nemnað. Hӯ bēnan synt,

ベーオウルフと呼んでおります。 彼らは願っています、

þæt hīe, þēoden mīn, wið þē mōton

365

彼らは、わが殿よ、 殿とできればと、

wordum wrixlan; nō ðū him wearne ġetēoh

言葉を交わすことが； どうか彼らに拒否なさいますな

ðīnra ġeġn-cwida, glæd-man Hrōðgār!

殿の答えを、 心広きフロースガール王よ！

Hӯ on wīġ-ġetāwum wyrðe þinċeað

彼らは武装を見るに、 値するように思われます、

eorla ġeæhtlan; hūru se aldor dēah,

貴人たちの評価に； 実際、武将は立派な人です、

sē þǣm heaðo-rincum hider wīsade.”

370

武士たちを ここへ導いてきた』

360a. maðelode: pret. 3sg. of maþelian, wk.2, to speak formally.

360b. wine-drihtne: dat.sg. of wine-drihten,

masc., friendly lord. 361a. Hēr: adv., ‘here’, hither. syndon: are: pres. 3pl.; forms perfect with pp. ġeferede: pp. masc. nom.pl. of ferian, wk.1, to carry [ferry]. 361b. feorran: adv., from afar. cumene: pp. nom.pl. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 362a. ofer: prep., w.acc. ‘over’, across. ġeofenes: gen.sg. of ġeofon, masc. / neut., sea, ocean. begang: masc. acc.sg., course, expanse. 362b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. lēode: nom.pl. of lēod, masc., man, in pl., people. 363a. þone: the, that: masc. acc.sg. yldestan: chief, leader: masc. acc.sg. supl. of eald, ‘old’. 363b. ōret-meċġas: nom.pl. of ōre(t)-meċġ; see 332a. 364a. nemnað: pres. 3pl. of nemnan, wk.1, to ‘name’, call. 364b. Hӯ: they. bēnan: nom.pl. of bēna, wk. masc., petitioner; cf. 352b. synt: are: pres. 3pl.; a variant of syndon; cf. 361a. 365a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hīe: they; cf. 364b. þēoden: masc. voc.sg., lord, king. 365b. wið: prep., w.dat., ‘with’. þē: ‘thee’: dat. mōton: pres. subj. 3pl. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, be allowed. 366a. wordum: dat.pl. of word, neut., ‘word’. wrixlan: wk.1, to exchange; w.dat. 366b. nō: adv., not at all, never. ðū: ‘thou’. him: them: dat. wearne: acc.sg. of wearn, fem., refusal. ġetēoh: imper. sg. of ġetēon, st.1, to give. 367a. ðīnra: ‘thy, thine’: masc. gen.pl. of þīn. ġeġn-cwida: gen.pl. of ġeġn-cwide, masc., ‘return-speaking’, answer. 367b. glæd-man: adj., masc. voc.sg., ‘glad (= kind) man’, gracious. Hrōðgār: voc. 368a. Hȳ: see 364b. on: prep., w.dat., in. wiġ-ġetāwum: dat. of wīġġetāwa, fem.pl., ‘battle equipment’; see Com. 368b. wyrðe: adj., masc. nom.pl., ‘worthy’ (of); w.gen. þinċeað: pres. 3pl. of þynċan, wk.1, to seem. 369a. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman [earl]. ġeæhtlan: gen.sg. of ġeæ htle, wk. fem. (masc.?), esteem. 369b. Hūru: adv., indeed. aldor: masc. nom.sg., chief. dēah: pres. 3sg. of *dugan, pret.-pres., to be good. 370a. sē: rel. pron., who. þǣm: that, the: masc. dat.pl. heaðo-rincum: dat.pl. of heaðo-rinc, masc., ‘war-man’, warrior. 370b. hider: adv., ‘hither’. wīsade: pret. 3sg. of wīsian, wk.2, to lead; w. dat.

32

・VI・

VI

Hrōðgār maþelode, helm Sċyldinga:

 フロースガールは答えた、 シュルディンガスの保護者は：

“Iċ hine cūðe cniht-wesende;

375

138v 380

『わしは彼を知っておる、 彼が子供だったとき；

wæs his eald-fæder Eċġþēo hāten,

彼の亡き父は エッジセーオウという名で、

ðǣm tō hām forġeaf Hrēþel Ġēata,

彼に嫁がせた イェーアタスのフレーゼル （王）は

āngan dohtor; is his eafor[a] nū

375

一人娘を； 彼の息子が今、

heard hēr cumen, sōhte holdne wine.

勇敢にここへやって来て、 信頼できる友を求めたのだ。

Ðonne sæġdon þæt, sǣ-līþende,

また次のようにも言った、 船乗りたちは、

þā ðe ġif-sċeattas Ġēata fyredon

イェーアタスへの贈物を 届けて来た者たちは、

þyder tō þance, þæt hē þrī|tiġes

そこへ好意の印として、 即ち、彼 (B) は 30

manna mæġen-cræft on his mund-gripe

380

人分の力を その握力に、

heaþo-rōf hæbbe. Hine hāliġ God

戦に名高き者は持っていると。 神聖なる神が彼を

for ār-stafum ūs onsende,

恩寵として わしらの所へ送り給うたのだ、

tō West-Denum, þæs iċ wēn hæbbe,

「西」デネに、 わしが思うに、

371a. maþelode: pret. 3sg. of maþelian, wk.2, to answer; X maþelode is an epic formula. 371b. helm: masc. nom. sg., protector, lord [helmet]. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 372a. hine: him: acc.; see Com. cūðe: pret. 1sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know. 372b. cniht-wesende: adj. (pres. part.), acc.sg., being a boy, as a youth [knight]. 373a. eald-fæder: masc., ‘old(= late)-father’. 373b. Eċġþēo: = Eċġþēow, masc. nom., father of Beowulf. hāten: masc. nom.sg., pp. of hātan, st.7, to name, call; see 102b, 263b. 374a. ðǣm: him, i.e. Ecgtheow; poss. dat. tō : prep., w.acc., ‘to’. hām: masc. acc.sg., ‘home’. forġeaf: pret. 3sg. of for-ġifan, st.5, to give. tō hām forġeaf: gave in marriage. 374b. Hrēþel: masc. nom., king of Geatas, father of Hygelac, maternal grandfather of Beowulf. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas, masc. pl. 375a. āngan: fem. acc.sg. of ānga, adj., only, sole [one]. dohtor: fem. acc.sg., ‘daughter’. 375b. eafor[a]: wk. masc. nom.sg., child, i.e. Beowulf; MS eaforan; emended by Kemble. 376a. heard: adj., ‘hard’, brave. hēr: adv., ‘here’. cumen: pp. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’; is cumen, ‘has come’. 376b. sōhte: pret. 3sg. of sēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’, visit. holdne: masc. acc.sg. of hold, adj., trusty, loyal; cf. 267a. wine: masc. acc.sg., friend; holdne wine, i.e. Hrothgar himself. 377a. Ðonne: adv., then, further. sæġdon: pret. 3pl. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’. þæt (...þæt): it (...that). 377b. sǣ-līþende: nom.pl. of sǣ -līðend, pres. part., masc., ‘sea-farer’; cf. līþan ‘to go by water’. 378a. þā ðe: rel., ‘who’; þā agrees with the antecedent sǣ -līþende. ġif-sċeattas: acc.pl. of ġif-sċeat(t), masc., ‘gift-treasure’. 378b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas, masc. pl.; ‘objective gen.: ‘gift for the Geats’’ (Klaeber’s Notes, p. 142); see also Com. fyredon: pret. 3pl. of ferian, wk.1, to ‘ferry’. 379a. þyder: adv., ‘thither’, i.e. to Geatas’ land. tō: prep., w.dat., for, as. þance: dat.sg. of þanc, masc., ‘thanks’; cf. Klaeber’s Gloss, ‘satisfaction, pleasure’; see also Com. 379b. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the object clause. þrītiġes: gen.sg. of þrītiġ, ‘thirty’. 380a. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. mæġen-cræft: masc. acc.sg., ‘mighty-strength’ [main, craft]. 380b. mund-gripe: dat.sg. of mund-gripe, masc., ‘hand-grip’. 381a. heaþo-rōf: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-brave’ (one). hæbbe: pres. subj. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’. 381b. Hine: him: acc. hāliġ: adj., ‘holy’. 382a. for: prep., ‘for’, because of. ār-stafum: dat.pl. of ar-stæ f, masc., grace, favour; see 317a. 382b. onsende: pret. 3sg. of onsendan, wk.1, to ‘send (away)’. 383a. West-Denum: dat. of West-Dene, masc. pl.; see Com. 383b. þæs iċ wēn hæbbe: ‘from what I have expectation’ (Wrenn’s Com, p. 193). wēn: fem. acc.sg., expectation; cf. wēnan to ‘ween’.

33

wið Grendles gryre. Iċ þǣm gōdan sċeal 385

390

395

グレンデルの暴力に抗すべく。 わしはかの勇士に、

for his mōd-þræċe mādmas bēodan.

385

彼の勇敢さに対し 宝を与えるつもりだ。

Bēo ðū on ofeste, hāt in gā[a]n

急いで行き、 入場するよう （彼らに）命じよ、

sēon sibbe-ġedriht samod ætgædere.

わが一族郎党に会うように、 居並ぶ （者らに） ；

Ġesaga him ēac wordum, þæt hīe sint wil-cuman

彼らに言葉で次のことも告げよ、 彼らは大歓迎だと、

Deniġa lēodum.” [Þā tō dura ēode

デネの国民にとっては』 それから入口に行って、

wīd-cūð hæleð,] word inne ābēad:

390

名高き武士 (W) は、 中から命令を告げた：

“Ēow hēt seċġan, siġe-drihten mīn,

『お主らにこう言うよう命じられた わが「勝利の」国王、

aldor Ēast-Dena, þæt hē ēower æþelu can,

「東」デネの主君は、お主らの身分の高さを承知しており、

ond ġē him syndon ofer sǣ-wylmas

お主らは、 波頭を越えて

heard-hiċġende hider wil-cuman.

勇気凛々、 ここへよくぞ来られたと。

Nū gē mōton gangan in ēowrum gūð-ġetāwum,

395

今やお主らは行ってよろしい、 鎧を着けて、

384a. wið: prep., w.acc., against. Grendles: gen. of Grendel, masc. gryre: masc. acc.sg., terror, horror. 384b. þǣm gōdan: to that brave one, i.e. Beowulf. gōdan, wk. masc. dat.sg. of gōd, adj., strong, brave. sċeal: ‘shall’, pres. 1sg.; ‘am determined to’ (Klaeber’s Gloss). 385a. for: prep., w.dat., for, in return for. mōd-þræċe: dat.sg. of mōdþracu, fem., ‘mind-onrush’, courage. 385b. mādmas: acc.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. bēodan: st.2, to offer. 386a. Bēo: imper. sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. ðū: ‘thou’. on: prep., w.dat., in. ofeste: dat.sg. of ofost, fem., haste. 386b. hāt: imper. sg. of hātan, st.7, to order; w.acc. (but hīe ‘them’ is omitted here) & inf. in: adv., ‘in’, inside. gā[a]n: anom., to ‘go’; w. inf.; MS gan; emended by Wrenn for metre. 387a. sēon: st.5, to ‘see’; inf. sibbe-ġedriht: fem. acc.sg., ‘kinsman-band’; see Com. 387b. samod: adv., together. ætgædere: adv., together. 388a. Ġesaga: imper. sg. of ġeseċġan, wk.3, to say, tell. him: them: dat. ēac: adv., also [eke]. wordum: ‘in words’: dat.pl. of word. 388b. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the object clause. hīe sint: ‘they are’. sint: 3pl. of bēon, ‘be’. wil-cuman: nom. pl. of wil-cuma, wk. masc., ‘welcome’ (person). 389a. Deniġa: gen. of Dene. lēodum: dat. of lēode, masc. pl., people. 389b–390a. no gap in MS; supplied by Klaeber; see Com. 389b. [Þā: adv., then. dura: dat.sg. of duru, fem., ‘door’. ēode: pret. 3sg. of gān, anom., ‘go’. 390a. wīd-cūð: adj. masc. nom.sg., ‘widely known’, famous. hæleð]: masc. nom.sg., man, hero, i.e. Wulfgar. 390b. word: neut. acc.sg., ‘word’. inne: adv., within, inside. ābēad: pret. 3sg. of ā-bēodan, st.2, to announce. 391a. Ēow: you: dat. of ġē, ‘ye’. hēt: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7; w.acc. (but mē ‘me’ is omitted here) & inf.; see 386b. seċġan: wk.3; to ‘say’. 391b. siġe-drihten: masc. nom.sg., ‘victory-lord’. mīn: poss. adj., ‘my, mine’; postpositioned. 392a. aldor: = (e)aldor: masc. nom.sg., lord, chief, i.e. the Hrothgar. Ēast-Dena: gen. of Ēast-Dene, masc. pl., the East-Danes; the gen.pl. forms of Dene are also Deniġ(e)a, Denia. 392b. þæt conj., ‘that’. ēower: ‘your’: gen. of ġē. æþelu: acc.pl. of *æ þele, neut., nobility, noble birth. can: pres. 3sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know [can]. 393a. ġē: ‘ye’; ġē syndon, ‘ye are’. him:. to him, i.e. Hrothgar. syndon: pres. 3pl. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. 393b. ofer: prep. w.acc., across. sǣ-wylmas: acc.pl. of sǣ -wylm, masc., ‘sea-wellings’. 394a. heard-hiċġende: adj., masc. nom.pl., ‘brave-minded’. 394b. hider: adv., ‘hither’. wilcuman: nom.pl. of wil-cuma; see 388b. 395a. Nū: adv., ‘now’. ġē: ‘ye’: nom. mōton: pres. 2pl. of mōtan, pret.pres., may, be allowed. gangan: st.7, to go. 395b. ēowrum: neut. dat.pl. of ēower, poss. adj., ‘your’. gūðġ[e]tāwum: dat. of gūð-ġetāwa, fem. pl., ‘war-equipments’; MS guðgeatawum; emended by Ettmüller; possibly the mixture of geatwum and getawum with the same meaning.

34

under here-grīman Hrōðgār ġesēon;

兜を被ったまま フロースガール王に会いに；

lǣtað hilde-bord hēr onbīdan,

戦の楯に ここで待ち受けさせよ、

wudu, wæl-sċeaftas, worda ġeþinġes.”

戦の木槍にも 会見の結果を』

Ārās þā se rīċa, ymb hine rinc maniġ 400 139r

405

 すると位高き者は立ち上がった、  周りの多くの武士達、

þrӯðlīċ þeġna hēap; sume þǣr bidon,

400

近侍の優れた一団も。 何人かはそこに留まり

heaðo-rēaf hēoldon, swā him se |hearda bebēad.

武具の番をした、 豪胆な方が彼らに命じたように。

Snyredon ætsomne, þā seċġ wīsode

一行は急いだ、 この男が案内したとき、

under Heorotes hrōf, [heaþo-rinc ēode,]

ヘオロトの屋根の下に； 戦に強き者は進んだ、

heard under helme, þæt hē on hēoðe ġestōd.

兜を被って怯まず、 ついに彼は広間の中に立った。

Bēowulf maðelode ― on him byrne sċān,

405

searo-net seowed smiþes orþancum ―:

ベーオウルフは話した、 ― 彼の鎧が輝いた、 繋ぎ合わされた鎖帷子が、 鍛冶の技術で：

“Wæs þū, Hrōðgār, hāl! Iċ eom Hiġelāces

『フロースガール王よ、お健やかに！ 私はヒュエラークの

396a. here-grīman: dat.sg. of here-grīma, wk. masc., ‘war-mask’, helmet. 396b. ġesēon: st.5, to ‘see’. 397a. lǣtað: imper. pl. of lǣ tan, st.7, ‘let’; w.acc. & inf. hilde-bord: neut. acc.pl., ‘battle-board’, shield. 397b. hēr: adv., ‘here’. on-bīdan: st.1, to ‘abide’, await; w.gen. 398a. wudu: woods, i.e. spears: masc. acc.pl.; sg and. pl. forms are the same. wæl-sċeaftas: acc.pl. of wæ l-sċeaft, masc., ‘slaughter-shaft’, spear; wudu, wæ l-sċeaftas are parallel expressions to mean ‘wooden battlespears’ or ‘deadly wooden spears’(M & R, p. 61). 398b. worda: gen.pl. of word, neut., ‘word’; the object of onbīdan. ġeþinġes: gen.sg. of ġeþinġe, neut., result. 399a. Ārās: pret. 3sg. of ā-rīsan, st.1, to rise, arise. se: ‘the’: masc. nom.sg. rīċa: wk. masc. nom.sg., of rīċe, adj., powerful, of high rank [rich]; se rīċe ‘the powerful (one)’, i.e. Beowulf. 399b. ymb: prep., around. hine: him: acc. rinc: masc. nom.sg., warrior. maniġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘many’ a. 400a. þrӯðlīċ: adj., masc. nom.sg., mighty, splendid. þeġna: gen.pl. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’. hēap: masc. nom.sg., troop, band [heap]. 400b. sume: masc. nom.pl. of sum, ‘some’ (one). þǣr: adv., ‘there’. bidon: pret. 3pl. of bīdan, st.1, to stay. 401a. heaðo-rēaf: neut. acc.sg., ‘battle-gear’. hēoldon: pret. 3pl. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, keep. 401b. swā: conj., just as. him: them. hearda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of heard, adj., ‘hard’, strong, brave (one). bebēad: pret. 3sg. of be-bēodan, st.2, to command. 402a. Snyredon: pret. 3pl. of snyrian, wk.1, to hasten. ætsomne: adv., together. 402b. þā: conj., when. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., man, warrior; se seċġ, i.e. Wulfgar. wīsode: pret. 3sg. of wīsian, wk.2, to show the way, guide, lead. 403a. under: prep., w.acc., (motion) ‘under’. Heorotes: gen. of Heorot. hrōf: masc. acc.sg., ‘roof’. 403b. [heaþo-rinc: masc. nom.sg., ‘warman’, warrior, i.e. Beowulf. ēode]: pret. 3sg. of gān, anom., ‘go’; this half-line was not in MS; supplied by Klaeber. 404a. heard: adj., nom.sg., hard; strong, brave; heard under helme amplifies heaþo-rinc. under: prep., w.dat., ‘under’, covered by. helme: dat.sg. of helm, masc., ‘helmet’. 404b. þæt: conj., so that; signifies result. on: prep., w.dat., in. hēoðe: dat.sg. of hēoð, fem., hall; MS reading; Klaeber and others emended to hēorð ‘(on the) hearth’ ġestoōd: pret. 3sg. of ġestandan, st.6, to ‘stand’, take a position. 405a. maðelode: pret. 3sg. of maþelian, wk. 2, to speak formally. 405b. on: prep., w.dat., ‘on’. him: him: dat. byrne: wk. fem. nom.sg., coat of mail, corslet [byrnie]. sċān: ‘shone’: pret. 3sg. of sċīnan, st.1, to ‘shine’. 406a. searo-net: neut. nom.sg., ‘armour-net’, corslet. seowed: pp. of seow(i)an, wk.1,2, to ‘sew’. 406b. smiþes: gen.sg. of smið, masc., ‘smith’. orþancum: dat.pl. of or-þanc, masc., cunning, skill. 407a. Wæs: = Wes: imper. sg. of wesan, st. 5, to be; see Com. þū: ‘thou’. hāl: adj., ‘whole, hale’. 407b. Iċ eom: ‘I am’. Hiġelāces: gen. of Hiġelāc.

35

410

415

mǣġ ond mago-ðeġn; hæbbe iċ mǣrða fela

血筋の者にして家来なり； 私はいくたの手柄を

ongunnen on ġeogoþe. Mē wearð Grendles þing

若輩にして立てました。 グレンデルの一件が、

on mīnre ēþel-tyrf undyrne cūð;

410

わが祖国で 私にあからさまになりました；

seċġað sǣ-līðend, þæt þæs sele stande,

船乗りが申しますには、 それ故館は立っていると、

reċed sēlesta rinca ġehwylcum

最高の広間は、 すべての武士たちに

īdel ond unnyt, siððan ǣfen-lēoht

空き家にして無益なものとなって、 夕日が

under heofenes ha[ð]or beholen weorþeð.

蒼穹の下へ 隠れてより後は。

Þā mē þæt ġelǣrdon lēode mīne,

415

すると私を説得しました、 わが国人らが、

þā sēlestan, snotere ċeorlas,

並ぶ者なき、 賢き人々が、

þēoden Hrōðgār, þæt iċ þē sōhte,

フロースガール王よ、 私があなたを訪れるべきだと、

forþan hīe mæġenes cræft mīn[n]e cūþon;

何故なら彼らは私の力業を 知っていたからです；

selfe ofersāwon, ðā iċ of searwum cwōm,

彼らは自ら目撃したのです、 私が戦いから帰ってきたとき、

408a. mǣġ: masc. nom.sg, kinsman. mago-ðeġn: masc. nom.sg., ‘young thane’. 408b. hæbbe: pres. 1sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. mǣrða: gen.pl. of mǣ rðo, fem., fame, glory. fela: acc.sg., many; w.gen.pl. 409a. ongunnen: pp. of on-ginnan, st.3, to ‘begin’, undertake. on: prep., w.dat., in. ġeogoþe: dat.sg. of ġeogoð, fem., ‘youth’. 409b. Mē: ‘to me’: dat. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. Grendles: gen. of Grendel. þing: neut. nom.sg., affair, story [thing; G. Ding]. 410a. on: prep., w.dat., in. mīnre: fem. dat.sg. of mīn, poss. adj., ‘my, mine’. ēþel-tyrf: dat.sg. of ēþel-turf, fem., ‘native soil’, country [turf]. 410b. un-dyrne: adj., ‘un-hidden’, apparent. cūð: adj., neut. nom.sg., well known: pp. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know. 411a. seċġað: pres. 3pl. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’, tell. sǣ-līðend: masc. nom.pl., ‘sea-farer’; this and 377b -līðende are both pl. forms. 411b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. þæs: therefore: gen.sg. of neut., þæ t, ‘that’. sele: masc. nom.sg., hall. stande: pres. subj. 3sg. of standan, st.6, to ‘stand’, remain. 412a. reċed: masc. / neut. nom.sg., hall. sēlesta: wk. masc. nom.sg. of sēlest, best, supl. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. 412b. rinca: gen.pl. of rinc, masc., man, warrior. ġehwylcum: masc. dat.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each, every (one); w. gen.pl. 413a. īdel: adj., masc. nom. sg., empty [idle]. un-nyt: adj., ‘un-useful’, useless; cf. nēotan ‘to make use of ’. 413b. siððan: conj., ‘since’, from the time when. ǣfen-lēoht: neut. nom.sg., ‘evening light’, twilight. 414a. under: prep., w.acc. heofenes: gen.sg. of heofon, masc., ‘heaven’. ha[ð]or: neut. acc.sg., vault; MS hador; emended by Bliss (1958); accepted by both Jack and M & R. 414b. beholen: pp. of be-helan, st.4, to hide, conceal [cf. G. hehlen]. weorþeð: pres. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 415a. Þā: adv., then. þæt (...þæt): it (...that). ġelǣrdon: pret. 3pl. of ġelǣ ran, wk.1, to teach, advise. 415b. lēode: masc. nom.pl., people. mīne: ‘my, mine’: masc. nom.pl. of mīn, poss. adj. 416a. þā: ‘the’: masc. nom.pl. sēlestan: wk. masc. nom.pl. of selest, best; see 412a. 416b. snotere: masc. nom.pl. of snotor, adj., wise. ċeorlas: nom.pl. of ċeorl, masc., man [churl]. 417a. þēoden: masc. voc. sg., lord, king. Hrōðgār: masc. voc. 417b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. þē: ‘thee’: acc. sōhte: pret. subj., 1sg. of sēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’, visit. 418a. forþan: conj., for, because. hīe: they. mæġenes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., might, strength [main]. cræft: masc. acc.sg., strength, power [craft]. 418b. mīn[n]e: masc. acc.sg. of mīn; see 415b; MS mine; emended by Grein. cūþon: pret. 3pl. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know. 419a. selfe: masc. nom.pl. of self, refl. pron., ‘self ’; appositive to hīe. ofersāwon: pret. 3pl. of ofer-sēon, st.5, to ‘oversee’, observe. 419b. ðā: conj., when. of: prep., w.dat., from, out of. searwum: dat.pl. of searo, neut., battle. cwōm: pret. 1sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’.

36

420

139v

425

fāh from fēondum, þǣr iċ fīfe ġeband,

420

ӯðde eotena cyn, ond on ӯðum slōg

巨人族を倒し、 そしてまた波の上でやっつけたのです、

niceras nihtes; nearo-þearfe drēah,

海獣どもを夜は； 激しい疲労に耐えて、

wræc |Wedera nīð ― wēan āhsodon ―

ウェデラスの苦しみに復讐し、 ― 奴らは災いを招いたのです ―

forgrand gramum; ond nū wið Grendel sċeal,

敵どもを粉砕したのです； そして今度はグレンデルに対し、

wið þām āglǣċan āna ġehēgan

425

ðing wið þyrse. Iċ þē nū ðā,

あの怪物に対し 一人で、決着をつけたいのです、 巨人に対し事の。 それで今私は殿に、

brego Beorht-Dena, biddan wille,

430

敵の所から血まみれなって、 そこでは 5 人を縛ったのです、

「栄光の」デネの王に、 いたしたいのです、

eodor Sċyldinga, ānre bēne,

シュルディンガスの王に、 一つお願いを、

þæt ðū mē ne forwyrne, wīġendra hlēo,

殿は私に拒否しないで下さい、 武士たちの保護者、

frēo-wine folca, nū iċ þus feorran cōm

430

国民の優しき友よ、 私がこうして遙々来た以上、

þæt iċ mōte āna [ond] mīnra eorla ġedryht

私と 私の武士団だけで、

þes hearda hēap Heorot fǣlsian.

この勇敢な一隊で ヘオロトを清める機会を持つことを。

420a. fāh: adj., masc. nom.sg., blood-stained. from: ‘from’. fēondum: dat.pl. of fēond, masc., ‘fiend’, enemy, foe. 420b. þǣr: rel. adv., where. fīfe: acc. of fīf, ‘five’. ġeband: pret. 1sg. of ġebindan, st.3, to ‘bind’ together. 421a. ӯðde: pret. 1sg. of ȳðan, wk.1, to destroy. eotena: gen.pl. of eoten, masc., giant. cyn: neut. acc.sg., race [kin]. 421b. ӯðum: dat.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. slōg: pret. 1sg. of slēan, st.6, to ‘slay’, kill. 422a. niceras: acc.pl. of nicor, masc., water-monster. nihtes: ‘by night’: gen.sg. of niht, fem., ‘night’. 422b. nearo-þearfe: acc.sg. of nearo-þearf, fem., ‘narrow-need’, severe distress. drēah: pret. 1sg. of drēogan, st.2, to endure. 423a. wræc: pret. 1sg. of wrecan, st.5, to avenge. Wedera: gen. of Wederas, masc. pl., the Weather-Geatas. nīð: masc. acc.sg., oppression. 423b. wēan: acc.sg. of wēa, wk. masc., ‘woe’, misery. āhsodon: pret. 3pl. of āhsian, āscian wk.2, to ‘ask’ for; the subject is niceras. 424a. forgrand: pret. 1sg. of for-grindan, st.3, to ‘grind’, crush; w.dat. object. gramum: masc. dat.pl. of gram, adj., hostile (one). 424b. wið: prep., against. Grendel: acc. sċeal: ‘shall’: pres. 1sg.; signifies the speaker’s intention. 425a. þām: the. āglǣċan: dat.sg. of āglǣ ċa, wk. masc., monster. 425b. āna: alone: wk. masc. nom.sg. of ān, ‘one’. ġehēgan: wk.1, to perform; ġehēgan ðing ‘to settle the dispute (by holding a meeting’ (legal term). 426a. ðing: neut. acc.sg., ‘thing’. þyrse: dat.sg. of þyrs, masc., giant, demon, i.e. Grendel. 426b. þē: ‘thee’: dat. ðā: adv., then. 427a. brego: masc. voc. sg., lord. Beorht-Dena: gen. of Beorht-Dene, masc. pl., ‘Bright-Danes’. 427b. biddan: st.5, to ‘bid’, entreat; w.gen. object. wille: ‘will’, to wish: pres. 1sg. of willan. 428a. eodor: masc. voc. sg., protector, leader. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 428b. ānre: fem. gen.sg. of ān, only ‘one’. bēne: gen.sg. of bēn, fem., favour, petition. 429a. þæt: conj. that, so that (...may not). mē: ‘me’: dat. forwyrne: pres. subj. 2sg. of for-wyrnan, wk.1, to refuse; w.dat of person & that-clause. 429b. wīġendra: gen.pl. of wīġend, masc., warrior; cf. wīgan to fight. hlēo: masc. voc. sg., protector. 430a. frēo-wine: masc. voc. sg., ‘noble friend’ [free]. folca: gen.pl. of folc, neut., ‘folk’. 430b. nū: conj., now that. þus: adv., ‘thus’. feorran: adv., from afar. cōm: pret. 1sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 431a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the clause amplifying ānre bēne. mōte: pres. subj. 1sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may. āna: alone, only: see 425b. [ond]: ‘and’: transferred by Kemble from before þes in 432a. 431b. mīnra: ‘my, mine’: masc. gen.pl. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman [earl]. ġedryht: fem. nom.sg., troop. 432a. þes: ‘this’: masc. nom.sg.; modifies hēap. hearda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of heard, adj., ‘hard’, brave (one). hēap: masc. nom.sg., band [heap]. 432b. Heorot: acc. fælsian: wk.2, to cleanse.

37

435

440

140r 445

Hæbbe iċ ēac ġeāhsod, þæt se ǣglǣċa

私は次のことも聞いています、この怪物は

for his won-hӯdum wǣpna ne reċċeð;

向こう見ずな余り、 武器を好まぬと；

iċ þæt þonne forhiċġe, swā mē Hiġelāc sīe

435

従って私は蔑みます、 （ヒュエラ−クが私に対し、

mīn mon-drihten, mōdes blīðe,

私の主君が、 心広くあられんことを）

þæt iċ sweord bere oþðe sīdne sċyld,

私が剣を携えていくことを、 あるいは大きな楯を、

ġeolo-rand tō gūþe, ac iċ mid grāpe sċeal

戦に黄色い楯を； ですから私は手で

fōn wið fēonde ond ymb feorh sacan,

敵を掴まえ、 そして命を賭けて闘うつもりです、

lāð wið lāþum; ðǣr ġelӯfan sċeal

440

敵意には敵意をもって； その際は身を委ねるべきもの、

Dryhtnes dōme sē þe hine dēað nimeð.

神のみ裁きに、 死に命を奪われる者は。

Wēn’ iċ þæt hē wille, ġif hē wealdan mōt,

私が思いますに彼はきっと、 もしうまく行けば、

in þǣm gūð-sele Ġēotena lēode

戦の広間で イェーアタス人を

etan unforhte, swā hē |oft dyde,

恐れず食らうことでしょう、 しばしばそうしたように

mæġen Hrēðmanna. Nā þū mīnne þearft

445

フレーズ人の軍勢を。 殿は決して必要ありません、

433a. Hæbbe iċ: ‘I have’. ēac: adv., also. ġeāhsod: pp. of ġeāhsian, ġeāscian, wk.2 to learn (by ‘asking’). 433b. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the object clause. ǣglǣċa: = āglǣ ċa; see 425a. 434a. for: prep., w.dat., ‘for’, because of. won-hӯdum: dat.pl. of won-hȳd, fem., ‘lack of thoughtfulness’. 434b. wǣpna: gen.pl. of wǣ pen, neut., ‘weapon’. reċċeð: pres. 3sg. of reċċan, wk.1, to ‘reck’, care (for); w.gen. 435a. þæt: it (... that): acc. þonne: adv. ‘then’. forhiċġe: pres. 1sg. of for-hiċġan, wk.3, to despise, scorn; for- is pejorative. 435b. swā: conj., as, just as; in asseveration. Hiġelāc: nom. sīe: subj. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. 436a. mīn: ‘my, mine’: masc. nom.sg. mondrihten: masc. nom.sg., ‘lord of men’. 436b. mōdes: gen.sg. of mōd, neut., mind [mood]; gen. of respect. blīðe: adj., gracious [blithe]; cf. 617a. 437a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. sweord: neut. acc.sg., ‘sword’. bere: pres. subj. 1sg. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 437b. oþðe: conj., or. sīdne: masc. acc.sg. of sīd, adj., large. sċyld: masc. acc.sg., ‘shield’. 438a. ġeolo-rand: masc. acc.sg., ‘yellow shield’. gūþe: dat.sg. of gūð, fem., battle. 438b. ac: conj., but, after ne ‘not’; though we have ne here, ne is implied in forhiċġe. mid: prep., with. grāpe: dat.sg. of grāp, fem., grip, grasp. sċeal iċ: ‘I shall’; signifies strong will. 439a. fōn: st.7, inf., to ‘seize upon’; w.wið. wið: prep., w.dat., against. fēonde: dat.sg. of fēond, masc., ‘fiend’, foe. 439b. ymb: prep., w.acc., for. feorh: neut. acc.sg., life. sacan: st. 6, to fight. 440a. lāð: adj., ‘loathsome’, (noun use) hostility. wið: prep., against; see 439a. lāþum: masc. dat.sg. of lāð; lāð wið lāþum is ‘‘Grammatical rime’ within the half-line; so 931a, 1978a, 2461a’ (Klaeber, p. 143). 440b. ðǣr: adv., ‘there’. ġelӯfan: wk.1, to trust; w.dat. sċeal: ‘shall’, must: pres. 1sg. 441a. Dryhtnes: gen.sg. of dryhten, masc., the Lord. dōme: dat.sg. of dōm, masc., judgement [doom]. 441b. sē þe hine: ‘he whom’. dēað: masc. nom.sg., ‘death’. nimeð: pres. 3sg. of niman, st.4, to take. 442a. Wēn’: pres. 1sg. of wēnan, wk.1, to think; see 338a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. wille: ‘will’: pres. 3sg. 442b. ġif: ‘if’. wealdan: st.7, to control [wield]; gif hē wealdan mōt ‘if he can manage’ is a set phrase; Genesis 2786b. mōt: pres. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may. 443a. gūð-sele: masc. dat.sg., ‘battle-hall’. 443b. Ġēotena: gen. of Ġēatas, masc. pl.; with the wk -ena for the st. -a and ēo for ēa. lēode: masc. acc.pl., people, nation. 444a. etan: st.5, to ‘eat’. un-forhte: adv., fearlessly; w. adverbial suffix -e; cf. 287a. 444b. dyde: pret. 3sg. of dōn, to ‘do’. 445a. mæġen: neut. acc.sg. troop [main]. Hrēðmanna: gen. of Hrēðmen, masc. pl., another name for Geatas; see Com. 445b. Nā: = nō: adv., not at all, never. mīnne: ‘my, mine’: masc. acc.sg. þearft: pres. 2sg. of þurfan, pret.-pres., to need; used in negative clause.

38

450

455

hafalan hӯdan, ac hē mē habban wile

私の頭を布で包む、 奴は自分のものにするつもりです、

d[r]ēore fāhne, ġif meċ dēað nimeð;

血まみれの私を、 もし死が私の命を奪えば；

byreð blōdiġ wæl, byrġean þenċeð,

血のついた死体を運び、 味わうつもりです、

eteð ān-genġa unmurnlīċe,

独り歩く者 (G) は食らい、 無慈悲に、

mearcað mōr-hopu; nō ðū ymb mīnes ne þearft

450

荒れ地の棲家を汚すのです； 殿は必要ありません私の

līċes feorme lenġ sorgian.

死体の始末のことを 少しもお気遣いなど。

Onsend Hiġelāce, ġif meċ hild nime,

ヒュエラークに送って下さい、 戦に死ねば、

beadu-sċrūda betst, þæt mīne brēost wereð,

戦衣の最高の品を、 私の胸を守るところの、

hræġla sēlest; þæt is Hrǣdlan lāf,

鎧の最良なる物を； それはフレーゼルの遺品、

Wēlandes geweorc. Gǣð ā wyrd swā hīo sċel!”

455

ウィーランドの作なのです。 運命は常に成るようにし か成りません！』

446a. hafalan: acc.sg. of hafela, wk. masc., head. hӯdan: wk.1, to ‘hide’; see Com. 446b. ac: conj., (not...) but. habban: wk.3, to ‘have’; inf. wile: pres. 3sg. of willan, anom., to intend, ‘will’. 447a. d[r]ēore: dat.sg. of drēor. masc. / neut. dripping blood; MS deore; emended by Kemble, following Grundtvig. fāhne: masc. acc.sg, of fāg, fāh, adj., bloodstained; agrees w. mē; see 420a. 447b. meċ: old form of mē: acc.sg. ‘me’. dēað: masc.,nom.sg., ‘death’; for dēað nimeð, see 441b. 448a. byreð: pres. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. blōdiġ: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘bloody’, stained with blood. wæl: neut. acc.sg., corpse, those slain in battle. 448b. byrġean: wk.1, to taste, partake of. þenċeð: pres. 3sg of þenċan, wk.1, to intend [think]. 449a. eteð: pres. 3sg. of etan; see 444a. ān-genġa: wk. masc. nom.sg, ‘solitary walker’; cf. 165a. 449b. un-murnlīċe: adv., ‘un-pityingly’, ruthlessly. 450a. mearcað: pres. 3sg. of mearcian, wk.2, to ‘mark’, stain. mōr-hopu: acc.pl. of mōr-hop, neut., ‘moor-retreat’. 450b. nō: never: see 445b. ymb: prep., w.acc., about, concerning; 353b. mīnes: my: neut. gen.sg.; modifies līċes. ne: adv., not. þearft: pres. 2sg. of þurfan; see 445b. 451a. līċes: gen.sg. of līċ, neut., body [lich]. feorme: acc.sg. of feorm, fem., sustenance, taking care of. 451b. lenġ: compar. of longe, adv. ‘long’. sorgian: wk.2, to ‘sorrow’, care. 452a. Onsend: imper. sg. of on-sendan, wk.1, to ‘send away’. Hiġelāce: dat. of Hiġelāc. 452b. hild: fem. nom.sg., war, battle. nime: pret. subj. 3sg. of niman, st.4, to take, seize. 453a. beadu-sċrūda: gen.pl. of beadu-sċrūd, neut., ‘battle-garment’, coat of mail [shroud]. betst: ‘best’: supl. neut. acc.sg. 453b. þæt: rel. pron., neut. nom.sg., ‘that’, which.

mīne: ‘my, mine’: neut. / fem. acc.sg. brēost: neut. / fem. acc.sg., ‘breast’. wereð: pres. 3sg of werian,

wk.1, to defend, guard [ware; G. wahren]. 454a. hræġla: gen.pl. of hræ ġl, neut., coat of mail, corslet. sēlest: neut. acc.sg. of supl. of gōd, adj., ‘good’, excellent. 454b. þæt: neut. nom.sg. of demon. pron., ‘that’, it. is: ‘is’. Hrǣdlan: wk. gen. of Hrēþel, Hrǣ dla, masc., Hrethel: usually Hrēþes. lāf: fem. nom.sg., legacy, inheritance. 455a. Wēlandes: gen.sg. of Wēland, masc., Wieland, legendary metalsmith. ġeweorc: neut. nom.sg., ‘work’. 455b. Gǣð: pres. 3sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. ā: adv., always. wyrd: fem. nom.sg., fate, destiny; see Com. swā: conj., just as. hīo: she, i.e. wyrd. sċel: = sċeal;: ‘shall’: pres. 3sg.; shows necessity of fate; the verb gān to be supplied; sċel is Kentish for W-S sċæ l.

39

・VII・

VII

Hrōðgār maþelode, helm Sċyldinga:

 フロースガールは語った、 シュルディンガスの王は：

“F[or ġewyr]htum, þū, wine mīn Bēowulf,

460

140v 465

『お主は恩返しのために、 わが友ベーオウルフよ、

ond for ār-stafum ūsiċ sōhtest.

そして好意から 我らを訪ねてくれた。

Ġeslōh þīn fæder fǣhðe mǣste;

お主の父は引き起こした、 いと大いなる争いを；

wearþ hē Heaþolāfe tō hand-bonan

460

彼はヘアゾラーフの 殺害者となった、

mid Wilfingum; ðā hine [Wede]ra cyn

ウィルヴィンガスの間で； その時ウェデラス人は彼 (E) を

for here-brōgan habban ne mihte.

戦の恐怖のために かくまえなかった。

Þanon hē ġesōhte Sūð-Dena folc

その後彼は訪れた、 「南」デネの民を、

ofer ӯða ġewealc Ār-|Sċyldinga;

波のうねりを越えて、 「誉れの」シュルディンガスを；

ðā iċ furþum wēold folce Den[i]ġa

465

その時丁度わしが支配をしていた、 デネの国民を、

ond on ġeogoðe hēold ġimme-rīċe

そして若輩ながら治めていた、 栄光の王国、

hord-burh hæleþa; ðā wæs Heregār dēad,

武士らの宝の城市を； 当時ヘレガールが亡くなって、

mīn yldra mǣġ unlifiġende,

わが年上の近親者は 生きてはいなかった、

456. Hrōðgār maþelode helm Sċyldinga: see 371, 1321. 456b. helm: masc. nom.sg., protector. Sċyldinga: gen. of Scyldingas. 457a. F[or: prep., w.dat., ‘for’, because of. ġewyr]htum: dat.pl. of ġewyrht, fem., deed done; MS fere fyhtum; emended by Trautmann; see Com. þū: ‘thou’: nom. 457b. wine: masc. voc.sg., friend. mīn: ‘my, mine’: masc. voc.sg. 458a. ār-stafum: dat. of ār-stæ fas, masc. pl., kindness, favour. 458b. ūsiċ: = ūs: ‘us’: acc. sōhtest: pret. 2sg. of sēċan, wk.1, to visit. 459a. Ġeslōh: pret. 3sg. of ġeslēan, st.6, to bring about by fighting. þīn: ‘thy, thine’: masc. nom.sg. fæder: masc. nom.sg., ‘father’. 459b. fǣhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem. ‘feud’. mǣste: fem. acc.sg. of mǣ st, greatest, supl. of miċel, adj., great, large [much]. 460a. wearþ: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become, with ‘to’. Heaþolāfe: dat.sg. of Heaþolāf, masc., a Wylfing warrior. 460b. hand-bonan: dat.sg. of handbona, wk. masc., ‘hand-slayer’. 461a. mid: prep., w.dat., among. Wilfingum: dat. of Wylfingas, masc. pl., a Germanic tribe a member of whom Ecgtheow killed. 461b. ðā: adv., then. hine: ‘him’: acc. [Wede]ra: gen. of Wederas, masc. pl., ‘Weather-Geatas’; MS gara; emended by Grundtvig. cyn: neut. nom.sg., race, people [kin]. 462a.

for: see 457a.

here-brōgan: dat.sg. of here-brōga, wk. masc., ‘army-terror’; refers to Ecgtheow’s

manslaughter. 462b. habban: wk.3, to ‘have’, hold. ne: adv., not. mihte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 463a. Þanon: adv., ‘thence’. ġesōhte: pret. 3sg. of ġesēċan, wk.1, to visit. 463b. Sūð-Dena: gen. of Sūð-Dene, masc. pl., ‘SouthDanes’. folc: neut. acc.sg., ‘folk’, people. 464a. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. ӯða: gen.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. ġewealc: neut., acc.sg., rolling. 464b. Ār-Sċyldinga: gen. of Ār-Sċyldingas, masc. pl., Honour-Scyldings. 465a. ðā: adv., at the time. furþum: adv., just. wēold: pret. 1sg. of wealdan, st.7, to control, poss.; w.dat. 465b. folce: dat.sg. of folc, neut., folk, people. Deni[ġ]a: gen. of Dene, masc. pl., the Danes; MS de / ninga; emended by Thorpe. 466a. ġeogoðe: dat.sg. of ġeogoð, fem. ‘youth’. hēold: pret. 1sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, rule. 466b. ġimmerīċe: neut. acc.sg., ‘jewel-(= glorious) kingdom’; see Com. 467a. hord-burh: fem. acc.sg., ‘hoard-borough’. hæleþa: gen.pl. of hæ le, hæ leð, masc., man, warrior. 467b. ðā: adv., then. wæs: ‘was’. Heregār: = Heorogār: masc. nom.sg., elder brother of Hrothgar. dēad: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘dead’. 468a. mīn: ‘my, mine’: masc. nom.sg. yldra: elder, masc. nom.sg. compar. of eald, adj., ‘old’. mǣġ: masc. nom.sg., kinsman. 468b. un-lifiġende: adj. (pres. part.), masc. nom.sg., ‘un-living’, dead.

40

bearn Healfdenes; sē wæs betera þonne iċ! 470

475

480

（父） ヘアルフデネの息子は； 彼はわしより優れていた！

Siððan þā fǣhðe fēo þingode;

470

その後（わしは） この争いを 金銭で解決した、

sende iċ Wylfingum ofer wæteres hryċġ

わしはウィルヴィンガスに送った、 波の背を越えて

ealde mādmas; hē mē āþas swōr.

古き宝物を； 彼 (E) はわしに誓いを立てた。

Sorh is mē tō seċġanne on sefan mīnum,

わしは告げるも悲しい わしの胸中は、

gumena ǣnġum, hwæt mē Grendel hafað

いずれの者に、 グレンデルがわしにいかなる

hӯnðo on Heorote mid his hete-þancum,

475

害をヘオロトで、 憎しみの余り、

fǣr-nīða ġefremed; is mīn flet-werod,

急襲をなしたるかを； わが広間の軍勢、

wīġ-hēap ġewanod; hīe wyrd forswēop

武士団は数が減った； 運命が彼らを奪い去った、

on Grendles gryre. God ēaþe mæġ

グレンデルの殺戮の中へ。 神なら容易に

þone dol-sċeaþan dǣda ġetwǣfan!

この狂った略奪者の 行いを止められよう！

Ful oft ġebēotedon, bēore druncne,

480

ofer ealo-wǣġe ōret-meċġas,

非常にしばしば豪語した、 麦酒に酔ったとき 酒杯を傾けて 武士たちは、

469a. bearn: neut. / masc. nom.sg., child, son. Healfdenes: gen. of Healfdene. 469b. sē: he. wæs: ‘was’. betera: ‘better’: masc. nom.sg. compar. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. þonne: conj., than. iċ: ‘I’. 470a. Siððan: adv., afterwards, thereafter. þā: the, that: fem. acc.sg. fǣhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’. 470b. fēo: dat.sg. of feoh, neut., ‘fee’, money. þingode: pret. 1sg. of þingian, wk.2, to settle. 471a. sende: pret. 1sg. of sendan, wk.1, to ‘send’. Wylfingum: dat. of Wylfingas: see 461a. 471b. ofer: prep., w.dat., ‘over’, across. wæteres: gen.sg. of wæ ter, neut., ‘water’, sea. hryċġ: masc. acc.sg., ‘ridge’. 472a. ealde: masc. acc.pl. of eald, adj., ‘old’, ancient. mādmas: acc.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. 472b. āþas: acc.pl. of āð, masc., ‘oath’; vows of peace or allegiance to Hrothgar?. swōr: pret. 3sg. of swerian, st.6, to ‘swear’. 473a. Sorh is mē: I am sorrowful (to say that...). Sorh: fem. nom.sg., ‘sorrow’. tō: prep., ‘to’, with ger. seċġanne: ger. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’. 473b. sefan: dat.sg. of sefa, wk. masc., mind, heart. mīnum: ‘my, mine’: masc. dat.sg. 474a. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. ǣnġum: masc. dat.sg. of ǣ niġ, pron., ‘any’, anyone. 474b. hwæt: interr. pron., neut. acc.sg., ‘what’ (sort of), how much (of); w.gen.pl. (hȳnðo and fǣ r-nīða). Grendel: nom. hafað: pres. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. 475a. hӯnðo: gen. pl. of hȳnðu, fem., humiliation, harm. Heorote: dat. of Heorot, masc. 475b. mid: prep., w.dat., with. hete-þancum: dat.pl. of hete-þanc, masc., ‘hate-thought’. 476a. fǣr-nīða: gen.pl. of fǣ r-nīð, masc., ‘sudden attack’; a variation of hȳnðo; these modify hwæ t. ġefremed: pp. of ġefremman, wk.1, to do, perform, carry out. 476b. mīn: ‘my, mine’: neut. nom.sg. flet-werod: neut. nom.sg., ‘hall-troop’. 477a. wīġ-hēap: masc. nom.sg., ‘war-band’ (of warriors). ġewanod: pp. of wanian, wk.2, to ‘wane’, diminish; this pp. forms perfect with is. 477b. hīe: them: acc. wyrd: fem. nom.sg., fate, fateful event. forswēop: pret. 3sg. of for-swāpan, st.7, to ‘sweep’ off. 478a. on: prep., w.acc., into. Grendles: gen. of Grendel. gryre: masc. acc.sg., terror, horror. 478b. God: masc. nom., ‘God’. ēaþe: adv., easily. mæġ: pres. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can. 479a. þone: the, that: masc. acc.sg. of se. dol-sċeaþan: acc.sg. of dolsċeaþa, wk. masc., ‘mad ravager’. 479b. dǣda: gen.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’, action. ġetwǣfan: wk.1, to restrain, hinder; w.acc. of person & gen. of thing. 480a. Ful: adv., very. ġebēotedon: pret. 3pl. of ġebēotian, wk.2, to boast, vow. 480b. bēore: dat.sg. of bēor, neut., ‘beer’. druncne: ‘drunken’: masc. nom.pl. of druncen, pp. of drincan, st.3, to ‘drink’. 481a. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’. ealo-wǣġe: neut. acc.sg., ‘ale-cup’. 481b. ōret-meċġas: nom.pl. of ōret-meċġ, masc., warrior; see 332a, 363b.

41

485 141r

490

þæt hīe in bēor-sele bīdan woldon

彼らは酒宴の広間で 待つつもりだと、

Grendles gūþe mid gryrum eċġa.

グレンデルとの闘いを、 刃の威を借りて。

Ðonne wæs þēos medo-heal on morgen-tīd

だがそれからこの蜜酒の広間は 朝になれば、

driht-sele drēor-fāh, þonne dæġ līxte,

485

家臣の広間は血ぬられていた、 日が差したとき、

eal |benċ-þelu blōde bestӯmed,

すべての長椅子の板は 血に濡れていた、

heall heoru-drēore; āhte iċ holdra þӯ lǣs,

広間も戦の血で汚れていた； わしの忠義者は一層減った、

dēorre duguðe, þē þā dēað fornam.

愛しい家来の、 何故なら死が彼らの命を奪ったからだ。

Site nū tō symle ond onsǣl meoto

さあ宴の席に座り、 胸の思いを明かしたまえ、

siġe-hrēð seċġum, swā þīn sefa hwette.”

490

Þā wæs Ġēat-mæċġum ġeador ætsomne

勝利の栄光を武士たちに、  お主の心が急き立てるままに』  やがてイェーアタス人らに 一団となっていた、

on bēor-sele benċ ġerӯmed;

酒宴の広間に 長椅子が空けられた；

þǣr swīð-ferhþe sittan ēodon,

そこへ心猛き者たちは 座りに行った、

þrӯðum dealle. Þeġn nytte behēold,

力自慢の者たちは。 近侍の武士が務めにつき、

482a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hīe: they. bēor-sele: masc. dat.sg., ‘beer-hall’. 482b. bīdan: st.1, to wait for; w.gen. woldon: pret. subj. 3pl. of willan, anom., ‘will’. 483a. Grendles: gen. of Grendel. gūþe: gen.sg. of gūð, fem., battle, encounter. 483b. mid: prep., w.dat., with. gryrum: dat.pl. of gryre, masc., terror, horror. eċġa: gen.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’ (of a weapon). 484a. Ðonne: adv., however. þēos: this: demon. adj., fem. nom.sg. medo-heal: fem. nom.sg., ‘mead-hall’. 484b. on: prep., w.acc., in, at. morgen-tīd: fem., acc.sg., ‘morning’ time [tide]. 485a. driht-sele: masc. nom.sg., ‘splendid hall’. drēor-fāh: adj., masc. nom.sg., blood-stained. 485b. þonne: conj., when. dæġ: masc. nom.sg., ‘day’. līxte: pret. 3sg. of līxan, wk.1, to shine. 486a. eal: adj., neut. nom.pl., ‘all’. benċ-þelu: nom.pl. of benċ-þel, neut., ‘bench-plank’. 486b. blōde: dat.sg. of blōd, neut., ‘blood’. bestӯmed: pp. of be-stȳman, wk.1, to drench [steam]. 487a. heall: fem. nom.sg., ‘hall’. heoru-drēore: dat.sg. of heoru-drēor, masc. / neut., ‘sword-blood’. 487b. āhte: pret. 1sg. of āgan, pret.-pres., to ‘own’. holdra: masc. gen.pl. of hold, adj., loyal, faithful. þӯ: neut. instr.sg. of se, the. lǣs: fewer, ‘less’: compar. of lȳt, adv., ‘little’. 488a. dēorre: fem. gen.sg. of dēore, dȳre, adj., ‘dear’. duguðe: gen.sg. of duguð, fem., body of retainers. 488b. þē: rel. particle, as conj., because; if we take þē as a correl. with þӯ, we have ‘the fewer...in proportion as...’. þā: them: acc.pl. of sē, the. dēað: masc. nom.sg., ‘death’. fornam: pret. 3sg. of for-niman, st.4, to take away. 489a. Site: imper. sg. of sittan, st.5, to ‘sit’. nū: adv., ‘now’. symle: dat.sg. of symbel, neut., feast. 489b. onsǣl: imper. sg. of on-sǣ lan, wk.1, to ‘untie’ [un-; G. Seil]. meoto: fem. acc.pl., thought. 490a. siġe-hrēð: neut. acc.sg., ‘victory-glory’. seċġum: dat.pl. of seċġ, masc. man, warrior; see Com. 490b. swā: conj., as. þīn: ‘thy, thine’: masc. nom.sg. sefa: wk. masc. nom.sg., mind, heart. hwette: pres. subj. 3sg. of hwettan, wk.1, to ‘whet’, urge. 491a. Þā: adv., then. Ġēat-mæċġum: dat. of Ġēatmæ ċġas, masc. pl., men of Geatas. 491b. ġeador: adv., together. ætsomne: adv., together. 492a. bēor-sele: masc., dat.sg., ‘beer-hall’; cf. 482a. 492b. benċ: fem. nom.sg., ‘bench’. ġerӯmed: pp. of ġerȳman, wk.1, to clear; to make ‘room’.

493a. þǣr: demon. adj., ‘there’. swīð-ferhþe: masc. nom.pl. of swīð-ferhþ, adj., ‘strong-minded’, brave-

hearted. 493b. sittan: st.5, to ‘sit’. ēodon: pret. 3pl. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. 494a. þrӯðum: dat.pl. of þrȳð, fem., strength. dealle: masc. nom.pl. of deal(l), adj., proud of. 494b. Þeġn: masc. nom.sg., ‘thane’. nytte: acc.sg. of nyt(t), fem., duty, service. behēold: pret. 3sg. of be-healdan, st.7, to attend to one’s duties.

42

495

sē þe on handa bær hroden ealo-wǣġe,

495

手に持って、 飾りある酒杯を、

sċenċte sċīr wered. Sċop hwīlum sang

澄んだ酒を注いだ。 楽人は時折歌をうたった、

hādor on Heorote. Þǣr wæs hæleða drēam,

朗々とヘオロトで。  そこでは武士たちの歓楽が起こった、

duguð unlӯtel Dena ond Wedera.

大いなる家来の一団がいた、 デネとウェデラスの。

495a. sē þe: rel. pron., he who, who. on: prep., w.dat., in. handa: dat.sg. of hand, fem., ‘hand’. bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 495b. hroden: adj., (pp.) neut. acc.sg., adorned, decorated. ealo-wǣġe: neut., acc.sg., ‘ale-cup’. 496a. sċenċte: pret. 3sg. of sċenċan, wk.1, to pour out. sċīr: adj., neut. acc.sg., bright, shining. wered: neut. acc.sg., sweet drink. 496b. Sċop: masc. nom.sg., poet, singer, ‘scop’. hwīlum: at times, now and again: dat.pl. of hwīl, fem. ‘while’; adverbial. sang: pret. 3sg. of singan, st.3, to ‘sing’. 497a. hādor: adj., nom.sg., bright, clearvoiced. Heorote: dat. of Heorot,. 497b. Þǣr: ‘there’. hæleða: gen.pl. of hæ le, hæ leð, masc., warrior. drēam: masc. nom.sg., revelry, mirth [dream]. 498a. duguð: fem. nom.sg., (collectively) tried warriors. un-lӯtel: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘not a little’, great. 498b. Dena: gen.pl. of Dene, masc., the Danes. Wedera: gen. of Wederas, masc. pl., the Weather-Geatas.

43

・VIII・

VIII

[UN]ferð maþelode, Eċġlāfes bearn, 500

141v 505

 ウンフェルスが語った、 エッジラーフの息子が、

þē æt fōtum sæt frēan Sċyldinga,

500

onband beadu-rūne, ― wæs him Bēowulfes sīð,

悪意の言葉を解き放った ― べーオウルフの企てが、

mōdġes mere-faran, miċel æfþunca,

勇敢な船乗りの、 彼には大いに腹が立った、

forþon þe hē ne ūþe þæt ǣniġ ōðer man

彼は気に入らなかったからである、 他の誰かが

ǣfre |mǣrða þon mā middan-ġeardes

より強く偉業を いやしくも

ġehēdde under heofenum þonne hē sylfa ―:

505

“Eart þū se Bēowulf, sē þe wið Brecan wunne

510

彼は足元に座していた シュルディンガス王の、

天の下で心にかけるとは、 彼自身より―： 『君はあのべーオウルフか、 ブレカと競争した、

on sīdne sǣ, ymb sund flite,

大海原で 泳ぎを競った、

ðǣr ġit for wlenċe wada cunnedon

そこでは君たち二人は虚栄のために 海を探検し、

ond for dol-ġilpe on dēop wæter

そして愚かしい自慢のために 深海に

aldrum nēþdon? Nē inċ ǣniġ mon,

510

命がけで挑んだ。 君たち二人を誰も、

499a. [UN]ferð: masc. nom.sg., son of Ecglaf, spokesman in Hrothgar’s court; from un-frið ‘un-peace’; MS HVNferð. maþelode: pret. 3sg. of maþelian, wk.2, to speak formally. 499b. Eċġlāfes: gen. of Eċġlāf, masc., father of Unferth. bearn: neut. / masc. nom.sg., son, child [bairn]. 500a. þē: rel. particle., who. æt: prep., w.dat., ‘at’, near. fōtum: dat.pl. of fōt, masc., ‘foot’. sæt: ‘sat’: pret. 3sg. 500b. frēan: gen.sg. of frēa, wk. masc., lord, king. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 501a. onband: pret. 3sg. of on-bindan, st.3, to ‘un-bind’, loose. beadu-rūne: ac.sg. of beadu-rūn, fem., ‘quarrel-secret’, secret enmity. 501b. him: to him, i.e. Unferth. Bēowulfes: gen. sīð: masc. nom.sg, undertaking, expedition. 502a. mōdġes: masc. gen.sg., of mōdiġ, adj., brave [moody]. mere-faran: gen.sg. of mere-fara, wk. masc., ‘sea-farer’ [mere]; a variation of Bēowulfes. 502b. miċel: adj., great [much]. æf-þunca: wk. masc. nom.sg., cause of vexation; cf. ofþynċan to vex. 503a. forþon þe: conj., because, for. ne: adv., not. ūþe: pret. 3sg. of unnan, pret.-pres., to wish, like. 503b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ǣniġ ōðer man: ‘any other man’: masc. nom. sg. 504a. ǣfre: adv., ‘ever’. mǣrða: gen.pl. of mǣ rðo, fem., glorious deed. þon: ‘the’, before compar.: neut. instr. sg. of se. mā: more: adv., compar. of miċel, ‘much’ [mo]. 504b. middan-ġeardes: gen.sg. of middan-ġeard, masc., ‘middle-earth’, the world; adverbial gen. in negative context, ‘on earth’; see 751b. 505a. ġehēdde: pret. subj. 3sg. of ġehēdan, wk.1, to care about; w.gen.; see Com. under: ‘under’. heofenum, dat.pl. of heofon, masc. 505b. þonne: conj., ‘than’. sylfa: wk. masc. nom.sg. of self, sylf, ‘self ’; appositive to hē. 506a. Eart þū: ‘Art thou’. se Bēowulf: that B: masc. nom. 506b. sē þe: rel. pron., masc. nom.sg., who. wið: prep., w.acc. / dat., against. Brecan: dat. / acc. of Breca, wk. masc., chief of the Brondingas. wunne: pret. 2sg. of winnan, st.3, to contend [win]. 507a. on: prep., w.acc. in. sīdne: masc. acc.sg., of sīd, adj., large. sǣ: masc. acc.sg., ‘sea’. 507b. ymb: prep., w.acc., across (the sea) or (contend) about. sund: neut. acc.sg., swimming or sea; for the discussion of ymb sund, see Jack, pp. 58–9. flite: pret. 2sg. of flītan, st.1, to contend, compete [flite]. 508a. ðǣr: rel. adv., where. ġit: you two: nom. for: prep., w.dat., ‘for’, because of. wlenċe: dat.sg. of wlenċo, wk. fem., pride. 508b. wada: gen.pl. of wæ d, neut., water, sea. cunnedon: pret. 2pl. of cunnian, wk. 1 / 2, to explore; w.gen. object. 509a. dol-ġilpe: dat.sg. of dol-ġilp, masc. / neut., ‘foolish pride’. 509b. on: see 507a. dēop: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘deep’. wæter: neut. acc.sg., ‘water’, sea. 510a. aldrum: dat.pl. of (e)aldor, neut., life. nēþdon: pret. 2pl. of nēðan, wk.1, to risk, venture on; w.gen. 510b. Nē: adv., not. inċ: you two: dat. dual. ǣniġ: ‘any’. mon: ‘man’: nom.

44

515

520

142r

nē lēof nē lāð, belēan mihte

敵も味方も 止めさせることができなかった

sorh-fullne sīð, þā ġit on sund rēo[wo]n;

心配な遠征を、 君たち二人が海で泳いだとき；

þǣr ġit ēagor-strēam earmum þehton,

その時君たちは潮流を 腕で乗り切り、

mǣton mere-strǣta, mundum brugdon,

海路を横切って、 手ですばやく進み、

glidon ofer gār-seċġ. Ġeofon ӯþum wēol,

515

海を楽々と渡った。 大海は波で沸き返った、

wintrys wylm[um]; ġit on wæteres ǣht

冬の寄せ波で。 二人とも海の懐で

seofon niht swuncon; hē þē æt sunde oferflāt,

7 日間苦闘した； 彼は君に競泳で勝った、

hæfde māre mæġen. Þā hine on morgen-tīd

力でまさったのだ。 それから彼を翌朝

on Heaþo-Rǣmes holm up ætbær.

ヘアゾレーマスに 海が運び上げた。

Ðonon hē ġesōhte swǣsne ēðel,

520

そこから彼は目指した、 彼自身の国を、

lēof his lēodum, lond Brondinga,

自国民に愛されている者は ブロンディンガスを、

freoðo-burh fæġere; þǣr hē folc āhte,

美しい城市を； そこに彼は国民を有していた、

burh ond bēagas. |Bēot eal wið þē

城と宝環を。 君と交わした約束のすべてを、

511a. nē...nē: neither…nor. lēof: adj., nom.sg., dear; see 31a, 54a, 203b. lāð: adj., nom.sg., hostile; this half-line modifies Nē ǣ nig mon. 511b. be-lēan: st.6, to dissuade; w.dat. of person & acc. of thing. mihte: ‘might’, could: 3sg. 512a. sorh-fullne: masc. acc.sg. of sorh-full, adj., ‘sorrowful’. sīð: masc. acc.sg., expedition. 512b. þā: conj., when. ġit: you two: nom.; see 508a. on: prep., w.acc., in. sund: neut. acc.sg., sea, water [sound]. rēo[wo]n: pret. 2pl. of rōwan, st.7, to swim, ‘row’ with arms; MS rēon; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 513a. þǣr: adv., ‘there’, then. ēagor-strēam: masc. acc.sg., ‘sea-stream’. 513b. earmum: dat.pl. of earm, masc., ‘arm’. þehton: pret. 2pl. of þeċċean, wk.1, to cover. 514a. mǣton: pret. 2pl. of metan, st.5, to traverse. mere-strǣta: acc.pl. of mere-strǣ t, fem, ‘sea-street’. 514b. mundum: dat.pl. of mund, fem., hand. brugdon: pret. 2pl. of breġdan, st.3, to move suddenly. 515a. glidon: pret. 2pl. of glīdan, st.1, to ‘glide’. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’. gār-seċġ: masc. acc.sg., ocean; see 49a. 515b. Ġeofon:= Ġifen: masc. / neut. nom.sg., sea, ocean. ӯþum: dat.pl. of ȳð, fem, wave. wēol: pret. 3sg. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’ (up). 516a. wintrys: gen.sg. of winter, masc., ‘winter’. wylm[um]: masc. nom. sg., ‘welling’; MS wylm; emended by Kluge. 516b. ġit: see 512b. on: prep., w.acc. wæteres: gen.sg. of wæ ter, neut., sea, ‘water’. ǣht: fem. acc.sg., possession. 517a. seofon niht: ‘seven nights’: fem. acc.pl. swuncon: pret. 2pl. of swincan, st.3, to toil [swink]. 517b. þē: ‘thee’. æt: prep., w.dat., ‘at’, engaged in. sunde: dat.sg. of sund, neut., swimming; cf. 512b. oferflāt: pret. 3sg. of ofer-flītan, st.1, to overcome. 518a. hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg. māre: neut. acc.sg. of māra, greater, ‘more’. mæġen: neut. acc.sg., power [main]. 518b. Þā: adv., then. hine: him: acc. on: prep., w.acc. (time), at. morgen-tīd: fem. acc.sg., ‘morning-time’. 519a. on: prep., w.acc., onto. HeaþoRǣmes: = -as: masc. acc.pl., the name of a tribe of southern Norway; cf. Widsith, 25, 63. 519b. holm: masc. nom. sg., sea. ætbær: pret. 3sg of æ t-beran, st.4, to carry to. 520a. Ðonon: adv., ‘thence’. ġesōhte: pret. 3sg. of ġesēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’ out. 520b. swǣsne: masc. acc.sg., of swǣ s, adj., own. ēðel: masc. acc.sg., homeland. 521a. lēof: adj., nom.sg., dear. lēodum: dat. of lēode, masc. pl., people. 521b. lond: ‘land’: neut. acc.sg. Brondinga: gen. of Brondingas, masc. pl., tribal name. 522a. freoðo-burh: fem. acc.sg. ‘protection-borough’, stronghold. fæġere: fem. acc.sg. of fæ ġer, adj., ‘fair’. 522b. þǣr: rel. adv., where. folc: neut. acc.sg., ‘folk’, nation. āhte: pret. 3sg. of āgan, pret.-pres., to ‘own’. 523a. burh: fem. acc.sg., stronghold. bēagas: acc.pl. of bēag, masc., ring. 523b. Bēot: neut. acc.sg., promise. eal: neut. acc.sg., ‘all’. wið: prep., w.acc. ‘with’. þē: ‘thee’: acc.

45

sunu Bēanstānes sōð[e] ġelǣste. 525

べーアンスターンの息子は 忠実に果たしたのだ。

Ðonne wēne iċ tō þē wyrsan ġeþinġea,

525

ðēah þū heaðo-rǣsa ġehwǣr dohte,

たとえ君が戦の嵐に 至る所で打ち勝ってきたとて、

grimre gūðe, ġif þū Grendles dearst

激しい死闘に、 もし君がグレンデルをあえて

niht-longne fyrst nēa[ha]n bīdan”.

一晩中 近くで待つならば』

Bēowulf maþelode, bearn Eċġþēowes: 530

535

だが君に期待するのは より悪しき結果である、

 べーオウルフは語った、 エッジセーオウの息子は：

“Hwæt, þū worn fela, wine mīn [Un]ferð,

530 『実に君は多言を弄して、  わが友ウンフェルスよ、

bēore druncen, ymb Brecan sprǣċe,

麦酒に酔って、 ブレカについて話し、

sæġdest from his sīðe! Sōð iċ taliġe

彼の遠征のことを述べたことか！ 我が真相を申そう、

þæt iċ mere-strenġo māran āhte,

我の方がより強い泳ぐ力を 持っていたのだ、

earfeþo on ӯþum, ðonne ǣniġ ōþer man.

波間で闘う力を、 他の誰よりも。

Wit þæt ġecwǣdon, cniht-wesende

535

ond gebēotedon ― wǣron bēġen þā ġīt

我ら二人は同意して、 少年だったとき、 誓い合ったのだ  ― 二人とも当時はまだ

524a. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’. Bēanstānes: gen.sg. of Bēanstān, masc., father of Breca. 524b. sōð[e]: adv., truly [soothly]; MS. soð.; -e supplied by many editors. ġelǣste: pret. 3sg. of ġelǣ stan, wk.1, to fulfill. 525a. Ðonne: adv., then. wēne: pres. 1sg. of wēnan, wk.1, to expect [ween]; w.gen. (wyrsan). tō: prep., from. þē: ‘thee’: dat. 525b. wyrsan: neut. gen.pl. of wyrsa, compar. adj., ‘worse’; with an analogical by-form -an for -ena. ġeþinġea: partit. gen.pl. of ġeþinġe, neut., result; depends on wyrsan; see 398b. 526a. ðēah: conj., even ‘though’. þū: ‘thou’. heaðo-rǣsa: gen.pl. of heaþo-rǣ s, masc., ‘war-storm’; w.gen. of respect along with grimre gūðe, though Jack (p. 60) takes them as adverbial. 526b. ġehwǣr: adv., everywhere. dohte: pret. subj. 2sg. of pret.-pres., *dugan, to avail. 527a. grimre: fem. gen.sg. of grim(m), adj., ‘grim’, fierce. gūðe: gen.sg. of gūð, fem., battle. 527b. Grendles: gen. of Grendel. dearst: pres. 2sg. of *durran, pret.-pres., to ‘dare’; þū...dearst ‘thou darest’. 528a. niht-longne: masc. acc.sg. of niht-long, adj., ‘night-long’. fyrst: masc. acc.sg., space of time; adverbial acc. 528b. nēa[ha]n: adv., ‘near’; MS nean; expanded into a two-syllable word by Wrenn for metre. bīdan: st.1, to await [bide]; w.gen.; see 482b. 529a. maþelode: answered formally: pret. 3sg. 529b. bearn: neut. nom.sg., son, child. Eċġþēowes: gen. 530a. Hwæt: interj., indeed, truly [what]; see 1a. worn: masc. acc.sg., a large number. fela: acc.sg. adj., many; worn fela ‘very many things’. 530b. wine: masc. voc.sg., friend. mīn: ‘my, mine’: masc. [Un]ferð: masc.: wine mīn [Un]ferð is voc. 531a. bēore: dat.sg. of bēor, neut., ‘beer’. druncen: adj., ‘drunken’, pp. of drincan, st.3, to ‘drink’. 531b. ymb: prep., w.acc., concerning. Brecan: acc. of Breca, wk. masc. sprǣċe: pret.2sg. of sprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’. 532a. sæġdest: pret. 2sg. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’. from: prep. w.dat., of, concerning. sīðe: dat.sg. of sīð, masc., expedition; see 353b, 501b, 512a. 532b. Sōð: neut. acc.sg., truth [sooth]. taliġe: pres. 1sg. of talian, wk.2, to claim. 533a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. mere-strenġo: wk. fem. acc.sg., ‘sea-strength’, swimming power. 533b. māran: fem. acc.sg. of māra, greater, ‘more’. āhte: pret. 1sg. of āgan, pret.-pres., to ‘own’. 534a. earfeþo: acc.pl. of earfoðe, neut., hardship. ӯþum: dat.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. 534b. ðonne: conj., ‘than’. ǣniġ ōþer man: ‘any other man’; cf. 503b. 535a. Wit: dual. nom., ‘we two’; also in 537b, 539b, 540b. þæt (...þæt): it (...that). ġecwǣdon: pret. 1pl. of ġecweðan, st.5, to speak. 535b. cniht-wesende: adj. (pres. part.), nom.pl., being a boy; cf. 372b. 536a. ġebēotedon: pret. 1pl. of ġebēotian, wk.2, to vow. 536b. wǣron: pret. 1pl. of wesan, st.5, to be. bēġen: nom.pl., both. þā ġīt: adv., yet.

46

540

142v 545

on ġeogoð-fēore ― þæt wit on gār-seċġ ūt

青春時代だった ―  我ら二人が海に出て、

aldrum nēðdon, ond þæt ġeæfndon swā.

命を賭けようと、 そしてその通り実行したのだ。

Hæfdon swurd nacod, þā wit on sund rē[wo]n,

抜き身の剣を持っていた、 二人が海で泳いだとき、

heard on handa; wit unc wið hron-fixas

540

鋭い （剣）を手に； 二人は鯨に対し身を

werian þōhton; nō hē wiht fram mē

守ろうと思ったのだ； 彼は我から少しも

flōd-ӯþum feor flēotan meahte,

波間を先に 泳ぐことはできなかった、

hraþor on holme, nō iċ fram him wolde.

海上をより速くは、 我も彼から離れたくなかった。

Ðā wit æt|somne on sǣ wǣron

それから我ら二人は共に 海上にいたのだが、

fīf nihta fyrst, oþ þæt unc flōd tōdrāf,

545

5 夜の間、 ついに波が我ら二人を分け隔てた、

wado weallende, wedera ċealdost,

渦巻く海が、 この上ない寒波が、

nīpende niht, ond norþan-wind

暗くなる夜が、 そして北風が

heaðo-grim ondhwearf; hrēo wǣron ӯþa.

激しく向かってきた； 波は荒れた。

537a. on: prep., in, at. ġeogoð-fēore: dat.sg. of ġeogoð-feorh, masc. / neut., ‘youth-life’, period of youth. 537b. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the object clause. on: prep., w.acc., onto, into. gār-seċġ: masc. acc.sg., ocean, sea; ‘spear-man’; see 49a, 515a. ūt: adv., ‘out’. 538a. aldrum: dat.pl. of (e)aldor, neut., life. nēðdon: pret. subj. 1pl. of nēðan, wk.1, to risk, venture on; w.dat. 538b. þæt: neut. acc.sg., it, i.e. vow, promise. ġeæfndon: pret. 1pl. of ġeæ fnan, wk.1, to carry out. swā: adv., ‘so’. 539a. Hæfdon: pret. 1pl. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’, hold. swurd: acc.pl. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’; swurd is lateW-S. nacod: adj., neut. acc.pl., unsheathed [naked]; with the same meaning referring to the sword as 2585a; cf. 2273a. 539b. þā: conj., when. on: prep., w.acc., into. sund: neut. acc. sg., sea, water [sound]. rē[wo]n: pret. 1pl. of rōwan, st.7, to swim [row]; see 512b. 540a. heard: adj., neut. acc.pl., hard, strong; refers to swurd. on: prep., w.dat., in. handa: dat.sg. of hand, fem., ‘hand’. 540b. unc: dual. acc., us two. wið: prep., w.acc., against. hron-fixas: acc.pl. of hron-fisċ, masc., ‘whale-fish’, whale; -x- ＝ -cs- is a metathesis of the original -sc- (later -sċ-). 541a. werian: wk.1, to protect. þōhton: pret. 1pl. of þenċan, wk.1, to ‘think’. 541b. nō: adv., not at all, never. wiht: fem. acc.sg., anything; nō wiht, ‘not at all’. fram: prep., w.dat., away ‘from’. mē: ‘me’: dat. 542a. flōd-ӯþum: dat.pl. of flōd-ȳþ, fem., ‘flood-waves’. feor: adv., ‘far’. 542b. flēotan: st.2, to swim, ‘float’. meahte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 543a. hraþor: compar. of hraðe, adv., quickly [rather]. holme: dat.sg. of holm, masc., sea, water; see 48b, 240a, 519b; we have understatement in nō hē wiht fram mē / flōd-ȳþum feor flēotan meahte, / hraþor on holme. 543b. him: ‘him’, Breca; emphasized by alliteration. wolde: pret. 1sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’; a verb of motion understood. 544a. Ða: adv., then. ætsomne: adv., together. 544b. sǣ: masc. dat.sg., ‘sea’. wǣron: pret. 1pl. of wesan, st.5, to be. 545a. fīf: (uninflected) gen., ‘five’. nihta: gen.pl. of niht, fem., ‘night’. fyrst: masc. acc.sg., space of time; see 76b, 134b, 210a, 528a. 545b. oþ þæt: conj., until. unc: us two: see 540b. flōd: masc. nom.sg., ‘flood’; subject. tōdrāf: pret. 3sg. of tō-drīfan, st.1, to ‘drive apart’, separate. 546a. wado: nom.pl. of wæ d, neut., water, sea; wado weallende, wedera cealdost, / nīpende niht, ond norþan-wind are parallel to flōd. weallende: neut. nom.pl., pres.part. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’ (up), surge. 546b. wedera: gen.pl. of weder, neut., ‘weather’. ċealdost: supl. of ċeald, adj., ‘cold’, chilling. 547a. nīpende: pres. part. of nīpan, st.1, to grow dark.

niht: fem. nom.sg., ‘night’.

547b.

norþan-wind: masc. nom.sg.,

‘northwind’. 548a. heaðo-grim: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-grim’. ondhwearf: pret. 3sg. of ond-hweorfan, st.3, to turn against. 548b. hrēo: fem. nom.pl. of hrēoh, adj., rough. wǣron: pret. 3pl. of wesan, st.5, to be. ӯþa: nom.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave.

47

Wæs mere-fixa mōd onhrēred: 550

555

海の魚の 怒りがかき立てられた；

þǣr mē wið lāðum līċ-syrċe mīn

550

その時我を敵から 我の鎖帷子が、

heard hond-locen, helpe ġefremede,

丈夫に手で繋げられた （ものが）、 救ってくれた；

beado-hræġl brōden, on brēostum læġ,

編まれた戦衣が 胸の上に横たわっていたので、

golde ġeġyrwed. Mē tō grunde tēah,

黄金で飾られて。 我を水底に引いて行った、

fāh fēond-sċaða, fæste hæfde,

憎しみ持つ恐ろしい敵は しっかと （我を）掴んだ、

grim on grāpe; hwæþre mē ġyfeþe wearð

555

怒った奴が握力で； だが我は運命に許された、

þæt iċ āglǣċan orde ġerǣhte,

我が怪物を 剣先で打つことが、

hilde-bille; heaþo-rǣs fornam

戦の刃で； 戦の嵐が奪い去った、

mihtiġ mere-dēor þurh mīne hand.

強い海獣（の命）を、 我の手打ちで。

549a. Wæs: ‘was’: pret. 3sg. mere-fixa: gen.pl. of mere-fisċ, masc., ‘sea-fish’; for fixa see 540b. 549b. mōd: neut. nom.sg., temper, pride [mood]. onhrēred: pp. of on-hrēran, wk.1, to stir up, arouse. 550a. þǣr: adv., ‘there’, then. mē: for me: ethical dat. wið: prep., w.dat., against. lāðum: masc. dat.pl. of lāð, adj., hostile (one), foe. 550b. līċsyrċe: wk. fem. nom.sg., ‘body-shirt’, corslet. mīn: ‘my, mine’: poss. adj., fem. nom.sg. 551a. heard: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘hard’, strong. hond-locen: adj. (pp.) fem. nom.sg., ‘linked by hand’. 551b. helpe: acc.sg. of help, fem., ‘help’. ġefremede: pret. 3sg. of ġefremman, wk.1, to accomplish, carry out. 552a. bēado-hræġl: neut. nom.sg., ‘battle garment’, coat of mail. brōden: woven: pp. of breġdan, st.3, to weave. 552b. brēostum: dat.pl. of brēost, neut., ‘breast’. læġ: pret. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’. 553a. golde: dat.sg. of gold, neut., ‘gold’. ġeġyrwed: neut. nom.sg., pp. of ġyrwan, wk.1, to adorn, prepare. 553b. Mē: ‘me’: acc. grunde: dat.sg. of grund, masc., ‘ground’, bottom (of the mere). tēah: pret. 3sg. of tēon, st.2, to draw, pull. 554a. fāh: masc. nom.sg. adj., hostile. fēondsċaða: wk. masc., nom.sg., ‘fiend-enemy’, deadly foe; subject. 554b. fæste: adv., ‘fast’, firmly. hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg. 555a. grim: adj., nom.sg., ‘grim’, angry. on: prep., in. grāpe: dat.sg. of grāp, fem., grasp. 555b. hwæþre: adv., however. mē: to me: dat. ġyfeþe: adj.,neut. nom.sg., given, granted by fate. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 556a. þæt: conj., ‘that’: introduces the subject clause. āglǣċan: acc.sg. of āg-lǣ ċa, wk. masc., monster, demon. 556b. orde: the instr.-dat.sg. of ord, masc., point. ġerǣhte: pret. 1sg. of ġerǣ ċan, wk.1, to hit [reach]. 557a. hilde-bille: instr.-dat.sg. of hilde-bil, neut., ‘battle-sword’. 557b. heaþo-rǣs: masc. nom.sg., ‘war-storm’. fornam: pret. 3sg. of for-niman, st.4, to take away; for- is an intensifier. 558a. mihtiġ: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘mighty’. mere-dēor: neut. acc.sg., ‘sea-beast’ [deer]. 558b. þurh: prep., w.acc., ‘through’. mīne: ‘my, mine’: fem. acc.sg. hand: fem. acc.sg., ‘hand’.

48

・VIIII・

VIIII

“Swā meċ ġelōme lāð-ġetēonan 560

564 143r

570

 このように我をしばしば 憎き略奪者たちが

þrēatedon þearle. Iċ him þēnode

560

激しく攻めたてた。 我は奴らをもてなした、

dēoran sweorde, swā hit ġedēfe wæs.

価値ある剣で； それはふさわしいことだった。

Næs hīe ðǣre fylle ġefēan hæfdon,

奴らは決して饗宴の 歓びを持たなかった、

mān-fordǣdlan, þæt hīe mē þēgon,

悪事を働く者どもは、 我を食らい、

symbel ymbsǣton sǣ-grunde nēah,

宴席を囲むという、 海底近くで ,

ac on merġenne mēċum |wunde,

565

そして翌朝には 刀に傷つき、

be ӯð-lāfe uppe lǣgon,

浜辺に 打ち上げられていた、

sweordum āswefede, þæt syðþan nā

剣に倒れて、 そのためその後は

ymb brontne ford brim-līðende

波高き深海のあたりで 船乗りたちの

lāde ne letton. Lēoht ēastan cōm,

通過を妨げることがなくなった。 光りが東から差した、

beorht bēacen Godes; brimu swaþredon,

570

神の光明が； 海が静まった、

559a. Swā: adv., thus, in this manner. meċ: = mē: ‘me’: acc. ġelōme: adv., frequently. 559b. lāð-ġetēonan: nom. pl. of lāð-ġetēona, wk. masc., ‘evil-doer’ [loathsome]. 560a. þrēatedon: pret. 3pl. of þrēatian, wk.2, to ‘threaten’. þearle: adv., severely, fiercely. 560b. him: them: dat. þēnode: pret. 1sg. of þēnian, wk.2, to serve; cf. þeġn, ‘thane’; w.dat. 561a. dēoran: wk. neut. dat.sg. of dēore, adj., ‘dear’, precious. sweorde: instr.-dat.sg. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. 561b. swā: conj., as. hit: ‘it’: neut. nom.sg.; refers to the preceding part. ġedēfe: adj., neut. nom.sg., fitting. 562a. Næs: adv., by no means. hīe: they. ðǣre: fem. gen.sg. of sēo, that, the. fylle: gen.sg. of fyllo, wk. fem., feast. 562b. ġefēan: acc.sg. of ġefēa, wk. masc., joy. hæfdon: pret. 3pl. of habban, wk.3, to have. 563a. mān-fordǣdlan: nom.pl. of mān-for-dǣ dla, wk. masc., ‘evil-doer’, wicked destroyer. 563b. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the clause that amplifies ġefēan. mē: ‘me’: emphasized by alliteration. þēgon: pret. 3pl. of þiċġan, ðiċġean, st.5, to take food or drink, to eat. 564a. symbel: neut. acc.sg., feast. ymbsǣton: pret. 3pl. of ymb-sittan, st.5, to ‘sit around’; w.acc. 564b. sǣ-grunde: dat.sg. of sǣ -grund, masc., ‘sea-ground’, bottom of the sea. nēah: prep., w.dat., near, on [nigh]; postpositioned. 565a. ac: conj., (not...) but. merġenne: dat.sg. of morgen, masc., ‘morn(ing)’ [G. Morgen]. 565b. mēċum: instr.-dat.pl. of mēċe, masc., sword. wunde: masc. nom.pl. of wund, adj., wounded. 566a. be: prep., w.dat., ‘by’, near. ӯð-lāfe: dat.sg. of ȳð-lāf, fem., ‘wave-leavings’, shore. 566b. uppe: adv., ‘up’. lǣgon: pret. 3pl. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’ dead. 567a. sweordum: instr.-dat.pl. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’; ‘A ‘generic plural,’ used for the logically correct sing., perhaps even hardened into a kind of epic formula, cf. e.g. 583, 2140, 2485, 3147’ (Klaeber’s Notes, p. 151); so mēċum in 565b. āswefede: pp. of ā-swebban, wk.1, to put to death, kill. 567b. þæt: conj., so that. syðþan: adv., ‘since’, afterwards. nā: adv., not at all, never. 568a. ymb: prep., w.acc., near. brontne: masc. acc.sg. of bront, adj., deep. ford: masc. acc.sg., waterway, sea [ford]. 568b. brim-līðende: masc. acc.pl., seafarer; from pres. part. of līðan, to go by water. 569a. lāde: gen.sg. of lād, fem., trip, journey; gen. of respect. ne: adv., not. letton: pret. 3pl. of lettan, wk.1, to hinder. 569b. Lēoht: neut. nom.sg., ‘light’. ēastan: adv., from the ‘east’. cōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 570a. beorht: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘bright’. bēacen: neut., nom.sg., ‘beacon’, banner. Godes: gen.sg. of God, masc., ‘God’. 570b. brimu: nom.pl. of brim, neut., sea. swaþredon: pret. 3pl. of swaþrian, wk.2, to subside.

49

575

580

þæt iċ sǣ-næssas ġesēon mihte,

それで我は岬を 認めることができた、

windiġe weallas. Wyrd oft nereð

風当たりの強い絶壁を。 運命はしばしば守るもの、

unfǣġne eorl, þonne his ellen dēah!

死の定めなき武士を、 彼の勇気が衰えぬときは！

Hwæþere mē ġesǣlde þæt iċ mid sweorde ofslōh

とにかく我に起こったことは、 我が剣で殺したことだ、

niceras nigene. Nō iċ on niht ġefræġn

575

9 匹の海獣を。 我は聞いたことがない、夜に

under heofones hwealf heardran feohtan,

天空の下で これ以上の激闘を、

nē on ēġ-strēamum earmran mannon;

また海上で、 これ以上悲惨な目にあった男のことを；

hw[æ]þere iċ fāra fenġ fēore ġedīġde,

しかし我は敵の把握を 命からがら逃れたのだ、

sīþes wēriġ. Ðā meċ sǣ oþbær,

冒険に疲れ （はしたものの） 。  それから海が運んでくれた、

flōd æfter faroðe on Finna land,

580

潮がその流れに乗せて フィンナスの国へ、

w[a]du weallendu. Nō iċ wiht fram þē

逆巻く波が。 我は君について少しも

swylċra searo-nīða seċġan hӯrde,

そのような闘いが 語られるのを聞いたことがない、

billa brōgan. Breca nǣfre ġīt

恐ろしい剣戟が。 ブレカはまだ

571a. þæt: conj., so that. sǣ-næssas: acc.pl. of sǣ -næ ss, masc., ‘sea-ness’. 571b. gesēon: st.5, to ‘see’. mihte: pret. 1sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can. 572a. windiġe: masc. acc.pl. of windiġ, adj., ‘windy’. weallas: acc.pl. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’, cliff. 572b. Wyrd: fem. nom.sg., fate; see Com. oft: adv., ‘often’. nereð: pres. 3sg. of nerian, wk.1, to protect. 573a. unfǣġne: masc. acc.sg. of un-fǣ ġe, adj., ‘un-doomed’. eorl: masc. acc.sg., man, hero [earl]. 573b. þonne: conj., while. ellen: neut. nom.sg., courage. dēah: pres. 3sg. of *dugan, pret.-pres., to be good. 574a. Hwæþere: adv., however. ġesǣlde: pret. 3sg. of ġesǣ lan, wk.1, impers., to befall, happen. 574b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. mid: prep., with. sweorde: dat.sg. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. ofslōh: pret. 1sg. of of-slēan, st.6, to ‘slay’, kill. 575a. niceras: acc.pl. of nicor, masc., sea-serpent, water-monster. nigene: acc. of nigon, ‘nine’. 575b. Nō: adv., never. on: prep., w.dat., at. niht: fem. dat.sg., ‘night’. ġefræġn: pret. 1sg. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to hear of. 576a. heofones: gen.sg. of heofon, masc., ‘heaven’. hwealf: (fem. and) neut. acc.sg., vault. 576b. heardran: compar., fem. acc.sg. of heard, adj., ‘hard’. feohtan: acc.sg. of feohte, wk. fem., ‘fight’. 577a. nē: conj., nor. ēġstrēamum: dat.pl. of ēġ-strēam, masc., ‘water-stream’, sea. 577b. earmran: masc. acc.sg. of earm, adj., miserable. mannon: = -an: acc.sg. of mon(n), man(n), masc., ‘man’; with a late Kentish form -on for normal wk. form -an; so 788a hæ fton, 849a hāton. 578a. hw[æ]þere: adv., however, yet; MS hwaþere; emended by Grundtvig; cf. 574a. fāra: masc. gen.pl. of fāg, fāh, adj., hostile. fenġ: masc. acc.sg., grip, grasp. 578b. fēore: dat.sg. of feorh, neut., life. ġedīġde: pret. 1sg. of ġedīġan, wk.1, to survive. 579a. sīþes: gen.sg. of sīð, masc., venture. wēriġ: adj., masc. nom. sg., ‘weary’, wearied; w.gen. (from). 579b. Ðā: adv., then. meċ: ‘me’: acc. sǣ: masc. nom.sg., ‘sea’. oþbær: pret. 3sg. of oþ-beran, st.4, to ‘bear away’, carry off. 580a. flōd: masc. nom.sg., ‘flood’. æfter: prep., through, on. faroðe: dat.sg. of faroð, masc. / neut., current. 580b. on: prep., w.acc., into, onto. Finna: gen. of Finnas, masc. pl., the Finns (= Lapps in northern part of Norway). land: neut. acc.sg., ‘land’. 581a. w[a]du: nom.pl. of wæ d, neut., water, sea; MS wudu; emended by Grundtvig; for MS reading, see M & R, p. 67. weallendu: neut. nom.pl. pres. part. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’ (up), surge. 581b. Nō: see 575b. wiht: fem. acc.sg., anything; w.gen. fram: prep., w.dat., of, concerning [from]. þē: ‘thee’: dat. 582a. swylċra: masc. gen.pl. of swylċ, ‘such’. searo-nīða: gen.pl. of searonīð, masc., ‘battle-battle’. 582b. seċġan: wk.3, to tell, ‘say’. hӯrde: pret. 1sg. of hȳran, wk.1, to ‘hear’. 583a. billa: gen.pl. of bil(l), neut., sword [bill]. brōgan: acc.sg. or pl. of brōga, wk. masc., terror; dat.sg. in M & R. 583b. nǣfre: adv., ‘never’. ġīt: adv., ‘yet’. 50

æt heaðo-lāce, nē ġehwæþer inċer, 585

143v

590

595

戦で、 君たち二人のどちらも

swā dēorlīċe dǣd ġefremede

585

そんな大胆な 行いをしたことがない、

fāgum sweordum ― nō iċ þæs [fela] ġylpe ―

飾りある剣で  ― 我はそれを大自慢しているのではない ―

þēah ðū þīnum brōðrum tō banan wurde,

それなのに君は君の兄弟の 殺害者となった、

hēafod-mǣgum; þæs þū in |helle sċealt

近親者の； それ故君は地獄で

werhðo drēogan, þēah þīn wit duge.

業罰を受けるはずだ、 君の知恵が優れていても。

Seċġe iċ þē tō sōðe, sunu Eċġlāfes,

590

我は君に事実として告げよう、 エッジラーフの息子よ、

þæt nǣfre Gre[n]del swā fela gryra ġefremede,

決してグレンデルは あんなに多くの攻撃を加えなかったと、

atol ǣglǣċa ealdre þīnum,

恐ろしい怪物は 君の主君に

hӯnðo on Heorote, ġif þīn hiġe wǣre,

ヘオロトで害を、 もし君の心が、

sefa swā searo-grim swā þū self talast;

精神が戦に猛しいものならば、 君自身が言うほどに；

ac hē hafað onfunden þæt hē þā fǣhðe ne þearf,

595

しかし奴には分かったのだ、 この争いを必要ないと、

584a. heaðo-lāce: dat.sg. of heaðo-lāc, neut., ‘battle-play’, battle. 584b. nē: conj., nor. ġehwæþer: pron. nom.sg., each (of two), both. inċer: gen. of ġit, you two; ġehwæ þer inċer, i.e. Breca and Unferth. 585a. swā: adv., ‘so’. dēorlīċe: fem. acc.sg. of dēorlīċ, adj., brave, bold. 585b. dǣd: fem. acc.sg., ‘deed’, action. ġefremede: pret. 3sg. of ġefremman, wk.1, to do, perform. 586a. fāgum: neut. instr.-dat.pl. of fāg, fāh, adj., decorated. sweordum: instr.dat.pl. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. 586b. nō: see 575b. þæs: about that: neut. gen.sg. of þæ t; the object of ġylpe. [fela]: (adverbially) much; no gap in MS; supplied by Grein for alliteration; swīðe in M & R. ġylpe: pres.1st.sg. of ġylpan, st.3, to boast; w.gen. or dat. 587a. þēah: conj., ‘though’; with subj. þīnum: ‘thy, thine’: masc. dat.pl. brōðrum: dat.pl. of brōþor, masc., ‘brother’. 587b. banan: dat.sg. of bana, bona wk. masc., killer, slayer [bane]. wurde: pret. subj. 2sg. of weorðan, st.3, with tō, to become: cf. 460. 588a. hēafod-mǣgum: dat.pl. of hēafod-mǣ ġ, masc., near relative, kinsman. 588b. þæs: for that, therefore: semi-adv., from neut. gen.sg. of þæ t; cf. 586b. helle: dat.sg. of hel, fem., ‘hell’. sċealt: pres. 2sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., ‘shall’, be to. 589a. werhðo: fem. acc.sg., torment, punishment. drēogan: st.2, to experience. 589b. þēah: see 587a. þīn: ‘thy, thine’: neut. nom.sg.; see 587a. wit: neut. nom.sg., ‘wit’. duge: pres. subj. 3sg. of *dugan, pret.-pres., to be good; with subj. in þēah-clause. 590a. Seċġe: pres. 1sg. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’, tell. þē: ‘thee’: dat. tō sōðe: in truth, as a fact; also in 51, 2325. sōðe: dat.sg. of sōð, neut., truth [sooth]. 590b. sunu: masc. voc.sg., ‘son’. Eċġlāfes: gen. of Eċġlāf, masc., father of Unferth. 591a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. nǣfre: see 583b. Gre[n]del: masc. nom.sg.; MS gre.del; emended by Thorkelin. swā: adv., ‘so’.

fela: neut. acc.sg., many；w.gen.pl.

591b.

gryra: gen.pl. of gryre, masc., terror, horror.

ġefremede: pret. 3sg. subj. of ġefremman, wk.1, to do, perform. 592a. atol: adj., nom.sg., horrible, hideous. ǣglǣċa: wk. masc. nom.sg., monster, demon. 592b. ealdre: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, masc., king. þīnum: ‘thy, thine’: masc. dat.sg. 593a. hӯnðo: gen.pl. of hȳnðu, fem., harm, injury. on: prep., w.dat., in, at. Heorote: dat. of Heorot. 593b. ġif: conj., ‘if ’. þīn: ‘thy, thine’: masc. nom.sg. hiġe: masc. nom.sg., mind, heart. wǣre: pret. subj. 3sg. of wesan, st.5, to be. 594a. sefa: wk. masc. nom.sg., mind, spirit. swā (… swā): as (… as). searo-grim: adj., masc. nom.sg., fierce in battle. 594b. þū self: thyself: nom. self: pron., ‘self ’; used appositively. talast: pres. 2sg. of talian, wk.2, to claim. 595a. ac: conj., but. hafað: pres. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. onfunden: pp. of onfindan, st.3, to find out. 595b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. þā: the, that: fem. acc.sg. fǣhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’, battle. þearf: pres. 3sg. of þurfan, pret.-pres., to need.

51

atole eċġ-þræċe ēower lēode

恐ろしい剣の嵐を 君の国民の、

swīðe onsittan Siġe-Sċyldinga;

ひどく恐れる、 「勝利の」シュルディンガスの；

nymeð nӯd-bāde, nǣneġum ārað

（奴は）貢物を奪い取り、 誰をも容赦せず、

lēode Deniġa, ac hē lust wiġeð, 600

デネの国民の、 逆に喜びをいだき、

swefeð ond s[nē]deþ, seċċe ne wēneþ

600

tō Gār-Denum. Ac iċ him Ġēata sċeal

605

殺して食らい、 抗戦を期待などしないのだ、 「槍の」デネからは。 だが我は奴にイェーアタスの

eafoð ond ellen unġeāra nū

力と勇気を 今や遠からず

gūþe ġebēodan. Gǣþ eft sē þe mōt

闘い振りを示そうと思う。 行ける者は再び行くがよい、

tō medo mōdiġ, siþþan morgen-lēoht

酒宴に意気揚々と、 朝日が

ofer ylda bearn ōþres dōgores,

605

sunne sweġl-wered sūþan sċīneð.”

人の子らの上に、 次の日、 光の衣をまとった太陽が 南から照るとき！』

Þā wæs on sālum sinces brytta,

 この時喜びにあふれた、 宝の分配者は、

gamol-feax ond gūð-rōf; ġēoce ġelӯfde,

髪白く戦に名高き； 援助に頼った、

596a. atole: fem.acc.sg. of atol, adj., horrible, hideous. eċġ-þræċe: acc.sg. of eċġ-þracu, fem., ‘sword-violence’. 596b. ēower: ‘your’, gen. of ġē, ‘ye’, you. lēode: gen.sg. of lēod, fem., people, nation. 597a. swīðe: adv., very much. on-sittan: st.5, to dread. 597b. Siġe-Sċyldinga: gen. of Siġe-Sċyldingas, masc. pl., ‘Victory- Scyldings’. 598a. nymeð: pres. 3sg. of niman, st.4, to take, seize. nӯd-bāde: acc.sg. of nȳd-bād, fem., ‘enforced contribution’, tribute. 598b. nǣneġum: masc. dat.sg. of nǣ niġ, pron., no one, none. ārað: pres. 3sg. of ārian, wk.2, to show mercy, spare; w.dat. 599a. lēode: see 596b. Deniġa: gen. of Dene, masc. pl., the Danes, Denmark. 599b. ac: conj., but. lust: masc. acc.sg., gladness, joy [lust]. wiġeð: pres. 3sg. of wegan, st.5, to have (feelings) [weigh; G. wägen]. 600a. swefeð: pres. 3sg. of swebban, w.1, to ‘put to sleep’, kill; cf. swefan to sleep. s[nē]deþ: pres. 3sg. of snēdan, wk.1, to slice, take food; MS. sendeþ (pres. 3sg. of sendan, wk.1, to send (to death), kill; so Dobbie, Wrenn, Jack and Kiernan); emended by Imelmann; M & R propose sǣ ndeþ ‘devoures’ as a metathesized form of snǣ deþ. 600b. seċċe: gen.sg. of sæ ċ(ċ), fem., battle, fight. ne: adv., not. wēneþ: pres. 3sg. of wēnan, wk.1, to ‘ween’, expect; w. gen. & tō ‘from’. 601a. Gār-Denum: dat. of Gār-Dene, masc., ‘Spear-Danes’. 601b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas, masc. sċeal: pres. 1sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., shall, be to. 602a. eafoð: neut. acc.sg., strength. ellen: neut. acc.sg., courage. 602b. un-ġeāra: adv., ‘not long ago’, soon. nū: adv., ‘now’. 603a. gūþe: acc.sg. of gūð, fem., battle, fight. ġebēodan: st.2, to offer, show. 603b. Gǣþ: pres. 3sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. eft: adv., again. sē þe: rel., he who, whoever. mōt: pres. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, have opportunity; sē þe mōt, a mere formula; also in 1387b (Klaeber’s Notes, p. 152). 604a. medo: masc. dat.sg., ‘mead’. mōdiġ: adj., nom.sg., proud, high-spirited. 604b. siþþan: conj., when, after. morgen-lēoht: neut. nom.sg., ‘morning light’. 605a. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’. ylda: gen.pl. of ylde, masc., men. bearn: neut. / masc. acc.pl., children. 605b. ōþres: neut. gen.sg. of ōðer, adj., second, next. dōgores: gen.sg. of dōgor, neut., day; adverbial. 606a. sunne: wk. fem. nom.sg., ‘sun’. sweġl-wered: adj. (pp.), neut. nom.sg., ‘bright clothed’. 606b. sūþan: adv., from the ‘south’. sċīneð: pres. 3sg. of sċīnan, st.1, to ‘shine’. 607a. Þā: adv., then. on: prep., w.dat., in. sālum: dat.pl. of sǣ l, masc. / fem., happiness, joy. 607b. sinces: gen.sg. of sinc, neut., treasure. brytta: wk. masc. nom.sg., distributor. 608a. gamol-feax: adj., masc. nom. sg., ‘grey-haired’. gūð-rōf: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-brave or renowned’. 608b. ġēoce: acc.sg. of ġēoc, fem., help. ġelӯfde: pret. 3sg. of ġelȳfan, wk.1, to count on, expect confidently [believe]; w.acc.

52

144r 610

615

620

|brego Beorht-Dena; ġehӯrde on Bēowulfe,

「栄光の」デネの王は； ベーオウルフの中に聞いた、

folces hyrde, fæst-rǣdne ġeþōht.

610

国民の守護者は、 堅固な決心を。

Ðǣr wæs hæleþa hleahtor, hlyn swynsode,

 そこには武士たちの笑い声が起こり、 声が響いた、

word wǣron wyn-sume. Ēode Wealhþēow forð,

言葉は陽気だった。 ウェアルホセーオウがお出ましになった、

cwēn Hrōðgāres, cynna ġemyndiġ;

フロースガールの妃が、 礼儀をわきまえた；

grētte gold-hroden guman on healle,

黄金で飾られた方（W) は挨拶された、 広間の人々に、

ond þā frēolīċ wīf ful ġesealde

615

それから貴婦人は 杯を献じた、

ǣrest Ēast-Dena ēþel-wearde;

まず「東」デネの 国の守護者に；

bæd hine blīðne æt þǣre bēor-þeġe,

彼に陽気になさいませと言われた この酒席では、

lēodum lēofne; hē on lust ġeþeah

国民に慕われた方に； 彼は喜んで参加された

symbel ond sele-ful, siġe-rōf kyning.

宴会と広間の酒盛りに、 勝利の誉れ高き王は。

Ymbēode þā, ides Helminga,

620

duguþe ond ġeogoþe dǣl ǣġhwylċne,

それから巡られた、 ヘルミンガスの婦人は、 老若の武士たちの間を 隈なく、

609a. brego: masc. nom.sg., ruler, lord. Beorht-Dena: gen. of Beorht-Dene, masc. pl., Bright-Danes. 609b. ġehӯrde: pret. 3sg. of ġehȳran, wk.1, to ‘hear’. on: see 607a. Bēowulfe: dat. 610a. folces: gen.sg. of folc, neut., ‘folk’, nation. hyrde: masc. nom.sg., guardian [herd]. 610b. fæst-rǣdne: masc. acc.sg. of fæ st-rǣ d, adj., ‘firmly resolved’. ġeþōht: masc. acc.sg., ‘thought’. 611a. Ðǣr wæs: ‘there was’. hæleþa: gen.pl. of hæ leð, masc., warrior. hleahtor: masc. nom.sg., ‘laughter’. 611b. hlyn: masc. nom.sg., sound. swynsode: pret. 3sg. of swynsian, wk.2, to resound. 612a. word: neut. nom.pl., ‘word’. wǣron: ‘were’: pret. 3pl. of wesan, st.5. wyn-sume: neut.nom.pl. of wyn-sum, adj., ‘winsome’, joyous. 612b. Ēode: pret. 3sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. Wealhþēow: (wk.) fem., Danish queen, consort of Hrothgar; see Com. forð: adv., ‘forth’. 613a. cwēn: fem. nom.sg., ‘queen’. Hrōðgāres: gen. 613b. cynna: gen.pl. of cyn, neut., courtesy, etiquette. ġemyndiġ: adj., nom.sg., mindful (of), intent (on); w.gen. 614a. grētte: pret. 3sg. of grētan, wk.1, to ‘greet’. gold-hroden: adj. (pp.), fem. nom.sg., gold-adorned (one). 614b. guman: acc.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. on: see 607a. healle: dat.sg. of heal(l), fem., ‘hall’. 615a. þā: adv., then. frēolīċ: adj. neut. nom.sg., noble. wīf: neut. nom.sg., woman, lady [wife]. 615b. ful: neut. acc.sg., cup, beaker. ġesealde: pret. 3sg. of ġesellan, wk.1, to give, distribute [sell]. 616a. ǣrest: supl. of ǣ r, adv., at first, in the beginning. Ēast-Dena: gen. of Ēast-Dene, masc. pl., the East-Danes. 616b. ēþel-wearde: dat.sg. of ēþel-weard, masc., ‘realm-ward’, king. 617a. bæd: pret. 3sg. of biddan, st.5, to ask, entreat [bid]; w.acc. of person & inf. (‘to be’ uderstood here). hine: ‘him’: acc. blīðne: masc. acc.sg. of blīðe, adj., ‘blithe’, joyful, happy; cf. 436. 617b. þǣre: fem. dat.sg. of sēo, the. bēor-þeġe: dat.sg. of bēor-þegu, fem., ‘beer-drinking’. 618a. lēodum: dat.pl. of lēod, masc. pl., people. lēofne: masc. acc.sg. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved (one) [lief; G. lieb]; lēodum lēofne is an amplifying variation of hine. 618b. on: prep., w.acc., in. lust: masc. acc.sg., gladness [lust]. ġeþeah: pret. 3sg. of ġeþiċġan, st.5, to receive, partake of. 619a. symbel: neut. acc.sg., feast. sele-ful: neut. acc.sg., ‘hall-cup’. 619b. siġe-rōf: adj., masc. nom.sg., victorious. kyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 620a. Ymbēode: pret. 3sg. of ymb-gān, anom., to ‘go around’; w.acc. þā: adv., then. 620b. ides: fem. nom.sg., lady. Helminga: gen. of Helmingas, masc. pl., the tribe to which Wealhtheow belongs. 621a. duguþe: gen.sg. of duguð, fem., (collectively) tried warriors. ġeogoþe: gen.sg. of ġeogoð, fem., collectively, young persons. 621b. dǣl: masc. acc.sg., share, allotted portion [deal]. ǣġhwylċne: masc. acc.sg. of ǣ ġhwylċ, adj., each, every.

53

625

144v 630

sinc-fato sealde, oþ þæt sǣl ālamp

高価な杯を献じて、 ついに時いたりて、

þæt hīo Bēowulfe, bēag-hroden cwēn,

ベーオウルフのところに 宝環に飾られた王妃は、

mōde ġeþungen, medo-ful ætbær;

心映えすぐれた、 蜜酒の杯を運んだ。

grētte Ġēata lēod, Gode þancode

625

彼女はイェーアタスの王子に挨拶し、 神に感謝した、

wīs-fæst wordum, þæs ðe hire se willa ġelamp,

言葉に賢き方は、 彼女の望みが達せられたことを、

þæt hēo on ǣniġne eorl ġelӯfde

彼女が誰か 貴人に頼って

fyrena frōfre. He þæt ful ġeþeah,

悪業から救われたいという。 彼はその杯を戴き、

wæl-rēow wiga |æt Wealhþēo[wa]n,

戦に猛き人は、 ウェアルホセーオウから、

ond þā ġyddode, gūþe ġefӯsed,

630

Bēowulf maþelode, bearn Eċġþēowes:

それから弁じた、 戦の覚悟できた人は、 ベーオウルフは語った、 エッジセーオウの息子は：

“Iċ þæt hogode, þā iċ on holm ġestāh,

『私は心に決めました、 私が海に旅立ち、

sǣ-bāt ġesæt mid mīnra seċġa ġedriht,

舟に乗り込んだとき、 私の部下の一隊を引き連れて、

þæt iċ ānunga ēowra lēoda

私は完全に あなたの国民の

622a. sinc-fato: acc.pl. of sinc-fæ t, neut., treasure-cup; ‘No drinking horns are mentioned in Beowulf ’ (Klaeber’s Notes, p. 152); see Com. sealde: pret. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to serve [sell]. 622b. oþ þæt: conj., until. sǣl: masc. / fem. nom.sg., chance, opportunity. ālamp: pret. 3sg. of ā-limpan, st.3, to happen, occur. 623a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hīo: she: fem. nom.sg. Bēowulfe: dat.

623b. bēag-hroden: adj., fem. nom.sg., adorned with treasure. cwēn: fem.

nom.sg., ‘queen’; see 613a. 624a. mōde: dat.sg. of mōd, neut., mind [mood]. ġeþungen: adj. (pp.), fem. nom.sg., excellent. 624b. medo-ful: neut. acc.sg., ‘mead-cup’. ætbær: pret. 3sg. of æ t-beran, st.4, to ‘bear’ away. 625a. grētte: pret. 3sg. of grētan, wk.1, to ‘greet’. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas, masc. pl. lēod: masc. acc.sg., prince. 625b. Gode: dat. of God, ‘God’. þancode: pret. 3sg. of þancian, wk.2, to ‘thank’; w.dat. of person & gen. of thing. 626a. wīs-fæst: adj., fem. nom.sg. ‘wise’ [fast]. wordum: dat.pl. of word, neut., ‘word’. 626b. þæs ðe: for that. hire: to ‘her’: fem. dat. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. willa: wk. masc. nom.sg., desirable thing [will]. ġelamp: pret. 3sg. of ġelimpan, st.3, to happen; cf. 622b ālamp. 627a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the clause appositive to willa. hēo: she: fem. nom.; cf. 623a. on: prep., w.acc., ‘on’. ǣniġne: masc. acc.sg. of ǣ niġ, adj., ‘any’. 627b. eorl: masc. acc. sg., nobleman. ġelӯfde: pret. 3sg. of ġelȳfan, wk.1, to depend on. 628a. fyrena: gen.pl. of fyren, fem., crime, sin. frōfre: acc.sg. of frōfor, fem. / masc., relief. 628b. þæt: ‘that, the’: neut. acc.sg. ful: neut acc.sg., cup. ġeþeah: pret. 3sg. of ġeþiċġan, st.5, to receive. 629a. wæl-rēow: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘slaughter-fierce’. wiga: wk. masc. nom.sg., warrior. 629b. æt: prep., from. Wealhþēo[wa]n: dat.sg. of Wealhþēow; MS wealhþeon; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 630a. þā: adv., then. ġyddode: pret. 3sg. of ġyddian, wk.2, to speak. 630b. gūþe: gen.sg. of gūð, fem., battle. ġefӯsed: pp., masc. nom.sg. of ġefȳsan, wk.1, to make ready; w.gen. (for). 631a. maþelode: pret. 3sg. of maþelian, wk.2, to give a speech. 631b. bearn: neut. / masc. nom.sg., child. Eċġþēowes: gen. of Eċġþēow. 632a. þæt (...þæt) (634a): it (…that). hogode: pret. 1sg. of hyċġan, wk.3, to resolve. 632b. þā: conj., when. on: prep., w.acc., into. holm: masc. acc.sg., sea. ġestāh: pret. 1sg. of ġestīgan, st.1, to set out. 633a. sǣ-bāt: masc. acc.sg., ‘sea-boat’. ġesæt: pret. 1sg. of ġesittan, st.5, to ‘sit down’. 633b. mid: prep., w.acc., with. mīnra: ‘my, mine’: masc. gen.pl. seċġa: gen.pl. of seċġ, masc., man. ġedriht: fem. acc.sg., band of retainers. 634a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ānunga: adv., entirely. 634b. ēowra: ‘your’: masc. gen.pl. lēoda: gen. of lēode, masc. pl., nation.

54

635

640

willan ġeworhte, oþðe on wæl crunge,

635

fēond-grāpum fæst. Iċ ġefremman sċeal

敵の手に掴まれて身動きできずに。 私は発揮するか、

eorlīċ ellen, oþðe ende-dæġ

男らしい武勇を、 さもなければ私の最期を

on þisse meodu-healle mīnne ġebīdan.”

この蜜酒の広間で 遂げるつもりです！』

Ðām wīfe þā word wēl līcodon,

この婦人にこれらの言葉は いたく気に入った、

ġilp-cwide Ġēates; ēode gold-hroden

640

frēolīcu folc-cwēn, tō hire frēan sittan.

イェーアト (B) の豪語は； 黄金で飾られた 高貴な王妃は 彼女の夫の隣に座した。

þā wæs eft swā ǣr inne on healle

645

望みに応えようと、 さもなくば討死にしようと、

 それから再び以前のように 広間の中では

þrӯð-word sprecen, ðēod on sǣlum,

強気の言葉が語られ、 武士団は喜びにあふれ、

siġe-folca swēġ, oþ þæt semninga

雄々しき人々のざわめきが広がり、 やがて

sunu Healfdenes sēċean wolde

645

ヘアルフデネの息子は 求めようと思った、

ǣfen-ræste. Wiste þǣm āhlǣċan

夜の休息を。 （彼は）承知していた、あの怪物によって

tō þǣm hēah-sele hilde ġeþinged,

この高殿に 戦が心に決められているのを、

siððan hīe sunnan lēoht ġesēon meahton

彼らが日の光りを 見ることができてから

635a. willan: acc.sg. of willa, wk. masc., wish, ‘will’. ġeworhte: pret. subj. 1sg. of ġewyrċean, wk.1, to perform, carry out. 635b. oþðe: conj., or. on: see 632b. wæl: neut. acc.sg., battle-field. crunge: pret. subj. 1sg. of cringan, st.3, to fall in battle. 636a. fēond-grāpum: dat.pl. of fēond-grāp, fem., ‘foe-grip’. fæst: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘fast’, firm. 636b. ġefremman: wk.1, to perform. sċeal: pres. 1sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., shall, be to. 637a. eorlīċ: adj., neut. acc.sg., manly, heroic. ellen: neut., acc.sg., courageous deed. 637b. oþðe: see 635b. ende-dæġ: masc. acc.sg., ‘end-day’, death. 638a. on: prep., w.dat., in. þisse: fem. dat.sg. of þēos, this. meodu-healle: dat.sg. of medo-heal, fem., ‘mead-hall’. 638b. mīnne: ‘my, mine’: masc. acc.sg. of mīn. ġebīdan: st.1, to experience [bide]. 639a. Ðām: neut. dat.sg. of þæ t, ‘that’. wīfe: dat.sg. of wīf, neut., woman, lady. þā: those: nom.pl. of se, that, the. word: neut. nom.pl., ‘word’. 639b. wēl: adv., ‘well’. līcodon: pret. 3pl. of līcian, wk.2, impers., to please [like]; w.dat. 640a. ġilp-cwide: masc. nom.sg., boasting speech. Ġēates: gen. of Ġēat, i.e. Beowulf. 640b. ēode: pret. 3sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. gold-hroden: adj. (pp.), fem. nom.sg., ‘gold-adorned’. 641a. frēolīcu: fem. nom.sg. of frēolīċ, adj., noble [free, -ly]. folc-cwēn: fem. nom.sg., ‘folk-queen’. 641b. tō: w.dat., by. hire: her: gen. of hēo, fem., she. frēan: dat.sg. of frēa, wk. masc., lord. sittan: st.5, to ‘sit’. 642a. Þā: adv., then. eft: adv., again. swā: conj., as. ǣr: adv., before. 642b. inne: adv., inside. on: in. healle: dat.sg. of heal(l), fem., ‘hall’. 643a. þrӯð-word: neut. nom. sg., ‘strong or brave word’. sprecen: pp. of sprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’, say. 643b. ðēod: fem. nom.sg., troop of warriors. on: prep., w.dat., in. sǣlum: dat.pl. of sǣ l, masc. / fem., happiness, joy. 644a. siġe-folca: gen.pl. of siġefolc, neut., ‘victory-folk’. swēġ: masc. nom.sg., sound. 644b. oþ þæt: conj., until. semninga: adv., presently, before long. 645a. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’. Healfdenes: gen. of Healfdene. 645b. sēċean: wk.1, to ‘seek’. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to wish. 646a. ǣfen-ræste: acc.sg. of ǣ fen-ræ st, fem., ‘evening-rest’. 646b. Wiste: had known: pret. 3sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know. þǣm: that, the: dat.sg. of se. āhlǣċan: dat.sg. of āg-lǣ ċa, wk. masc., monster, i.e. Grendel. 647a. hēah-sele: masc. dat.sg., ‘high-hall’. 647b. hilde: acc. sg. of hild, fem., battle. ġeþinged: (to be) determined: pp. of ġeþingan, wk.1. 648a. siððan: conj., ‘since’, after; see Com. hīe: they. sunnan: gen.sg. of sunne, wk. fem., ‘sun’. lēoht: neut. acc.sg., ‘light’. 648b. ġesēon: st.5, to ‘see’. meahton: ‘might’, could: pret. 3pl.

55

oþ ðe nīpende niht ofer ealle, 650

145r 655

660

暗くなる 夜が万物の上に、

sċadu-helma ġesċeapu sċrīðan cwōman

650

闇の影が さまよい来るまでの間に、

wan under wolcnum. Werod eall ārās.

雲の下に黒々と。 一座のものは皆立ち上がった。

[Ġe]grētte þā guma ōþerne,

それから挨拶した、 一人が他の人に、

Hrōðgār Bēowulf, ond him hǣl ābēad,

フロースガールがベーオウルフに、 そして彼の成功を祈った、

wīn-ærnes |ġeweald, ond þæt word ācwæð:

酒宴の広間の支配を、 そして次の言葉を述べた：

“Nǣfre iċ ǣneġum men ǣr ālӯfde,

655 『わしは誰にも これまで委ねたことはない、

siþðan iċ hond ond rond hebban mihte,

わしが手と楯を 振り上げることができてからは、

ðrӯþ-ærn Dena, būton þē nū ðā.

デネの誉れの館を 今お主（に委ねる）以外に。

Hafa nū ond ġeheald hūsa sēlest,

いざ保持し守りたまえ、 建物の中の最良のものを、

ġemyne mǣrþo, mæġen-ellen cӯð,

名誉を心にかけ、 大いなる武勇を示し、

waca wið wrāþum! Ne bið þē wilna gād

660

ġif þū þæt ellen-weorc aldre ġedīġest.”

敵に用心すべし！ お主の望むもので欠けたるはなし、 もしこの武勇の業を 無事生きて果たすならば！』

649a. oþ ðe: conj., until; cf. 644b. nīpende: pres. part. of nīpan, st.1, to grow dark. 649b. niht: fem. nom.sg., ‘night’. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’. ealle: masc. acc.pl. of eal(l), all. 650a. sċadu-helma: gen.pl. of sċadu-helm, masc., ‘shadow-cover’. ġesċeapu: nom.pl. of ġesċeap, neut., shape. 650b. sċrīðan: st.1, to glide, move. cwōman: pret. 3pl. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’; w. inf. 651a. wan: neut. nom.pl. of won(n), adj. dark, ‘wan’. wolcnum: dat.pl. of wolcen, neut., cloud, in pl., clouds [welkin; G. Wolke]. 651b. Werod: neut. nom.sg., troop, host. eall: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘all’. ārās: pret. 3sg. of ā-rīsan, st.1, to ‘arise’. 652a. [Ġe]grētte: pret. 3sg. of ġegrētan, wk.1, to ‘greet’; MS grette; added by Grundtvig. þā: adv., then. 652b. guma: wk. masc. nom.sg., man. ōþerne: masc. acc.sg. of ōðer, ‘other’ (one); guma ōþerne, similarly, 1860b–61, 2985b. 653a. Hrōðgār: nom. Bēowulf: acc. 653b. him: ‘him’: dat. hǣl: neut. acc.sg., good luck; cf. hāl, ‘whole’. ābēad: pret. 3sg. of ā-bēodan, st.2, to wish (good luck or success). 654a. wīn-ærnes: gen.sg. of wīn-æ rn, neut., ‘wine-hall’. ġeweald: neut. acc.sg., control; this half-line is the object of ābēad, parallel to hǣ l. 654b. þæt: that, the: neut. acc.sg. word: neut. acc.sg., ‘word’. ācwæð: pret. 3sg. of ā-cweðan, st.5, to speak, say. 655a. Nǣfre: adv., ‘never’. ǣneġum: masc. dat.sg. of ǣ niġ, adj., ‘any’. men: dat.sg. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 655b. ǣr: adv., before. ālӯfde: pret. 1sg. of ā-lȳfan, wk.1, to entrust. 656a. siþðan: conj., ‘since’. hond: fem. acc.sg., ‘hand’. rond: masc. acc.sg., (boss of) shield. 655b. hebban: st.6, to ‘heave’. mihte: ‘might’, could: pret. 1sg. of magan, pret.-pres.,‘may’. 657a. ðrӯþ-ærn: neut. acc.sg., ‘mighty hall’. Dena: gen. of Dene. 657b. būton: conj., except that. þē: ‘thee’: dat. nū ðā: adv., ‘now’ [nowthe, ME nouthe]; cf. 426b. 658a. Hafa: imper. sg. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’. ġeheald: imper. sg. of ġehealdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, guard. 658b. hūsa: gen.pl. of hūs, neut., ‘house’; partit. gen. sēlest: neut. acc.sg. best, supl. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. 659a. ġemyne: imper. sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to be mindful of. mǣrþo: fem. acc.sg., fame, glory. 659b. mæġenellen: neut. acc.sg., ‘mighty valour’. cӯð: imper. sg. of cȳðan, wk.1 to show. 660a. waca: imper. sg. of wacian, wk.2, to keep watch. wið: prep., w.dat., against. wrāþum: masc. dat.sg. of wrāð, adj., hostile (one). 660b. Ne: adv., not. bið: pres. 3sg. of bēon, anom. to ‘be’. þē: see 657b. wilna: gen.pl. of willa, wk. masc., desirable thing. gād: neut. nom.sg., lack, want. 661a. ġif: conj., ‘if ’. þū: ‘thou’. þæt: neut. acc.sg., ‘that’, the. ellen-weorc: neut. acc. sg., ‘valour-work’, courageous deed. 661b. alder: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. ġedīġest: pres. 2sg. of ġedīġan, wk.1, to survive.

56

X

・X・

665

670

ÐĀ him Hrōþgār ġewāt mid his hæleþa ġedryht,

それからフロースガールは退出した、  彼の武士団と共に、

eodur Sċyldinga ūt of healle;

シュルディンガスの守護者は 広間から；

wolde wīġ-fruma Wealhþēo sēċan,

武将 (H) は思った、  ウェアルホセーオウを訪れようと、

cwēn tō ġebeddan. Hæfde Kyning-wuldor

665

寝床の友としての妃を。 栄光の君である神は

Grendle tōġēanes, swā guman ġefrungon,

グレンデルに対して、 人々が聞き知ったように、

sele-weard āseted; sundor-nytte behēold

広間の番人を置かれたのだ； （B は）特別の奉仕に従事し、

ymb aldor Dena, eoton-weard’ ābēad.

デネの王の近くで、 巨人の監視を行なった。

Hūru Ġēata lēod ġeorne truwode

まことにイェーアタスの王子は 固く信じた、

mōdġan mæġnes, Metodes hyldo.

670

己の猛き力を、 神の加護を。

Ðā hē him of dyde īsern-byrnan,

やがて彼は脱ぎ、 鉄の鎧を、

helm of hafelan, sealde his hyrsted sweord,

兜を頭から、 彼の飾りある剣を渡し、

īrena cyst, ombiht-þeġne,

鉄剣の最も優れた物を 家来に、

ond ġehealdan hēt hilde-ġeatwe.

そして守るように命じた 武具を。

662a. ÐĀ: adv., then. him: himself: refl. dat. ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart; with refl. dat. (him). 662b. mid: prep., w.dat., together with. hæleþa: gen.pl. of hæ leð, masc., warrior. ġedryht: fem. acc.sg., troop, band of retainers. 663a. eodur: masc. nom.sg., protector, leader. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 663b. ūt: adv., ‘out’. of: prep., w.dat., from, out of. healle: dat.sg. of heal(l), fem., ‘hall’. 664a. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’. wīġ-fruma: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘war-chief ’, i.e. Hrothgar. 664b. Wealhþēo: acc. sēċan: wk.1, to visit. 665a. cwēn: fem. acc.sg., ‘queen’. tō: prep. w.dat., as. ġebeddan: dat.sg. of ġebedda, wk. masc. / fem., bedmate. 665b. Hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg. Kyning-wuldor: neut. nom.sg., ‘King-Glory’, God; M & R (p. 70) take it to be Hrothgar. 666a. Grendle: dat. tōġēanes: prep., w.dat., towards, against; postpositioned. 666b. swā: conj., just as. guman: nom.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man [bridegroom]. ġefrungon: = ġefrugnon: pret. 3pl. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to learn (by asking), hear of. 667a. sele-weard: masc. acc.sg., ‘hall-guard’, i.e. Beowulf. āseted: pp. of ā-settan, wk.1, to ‘set up’, place. 667b. sundor-nytte: acc.sg. of sundor-nytt, fem., ‘special service’. behēold: pret. 3sg. of be-healdan, st.7, to attend to. 668a. ymb: prep., w.acc., around, near. aldor: masc. acc.sg., lord, chief. Dena: gen.pl. of Dene. 668b. eoton-weard’: acc.sg. of eoton-weard, fem., ‘giant-ward’; with the apostrophy to indicate the e omission before the following vowel. ābēad: pret. 3sg. of ā-bēodan, st.2, to offer; cf. 653b. 669a. Hūru: adv., indeed. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. lēod: masc. nom.sg., prince. 669b. ġeorne: adv., certainly, surely. truwode: pret. 3sg. of truwian, wk.2, to trust, have faith in; w.gen. 670a. mōdġan: wk. neut. gen.sg. of mōdiġ, adj., proud, brave [moody]. mæġnes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., strength. 670b. Metodes: gen. of Metod, masc., God. hyldo: wk. fem. gen.sg., favour, goodwill. 671a. Ðā: adv., then. him of: from him: (adverbially) off. dyde: pret. 3sg. of dōn, anom., to put (off) [do]. 671b. īsern-byrnan: acc.sg. of īsern-byrne, wk. fem., ‘iron-corslet’.

672a. helm: masc. acc.sg.,

‘helmet’. of: prep., w.dat., from. hafelan: dat.sg. of hafela, wk. masc., head. 672b. sealde: pret. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to give [sell]. hyrsted: (pp.) neut. acc.sg. of hyrstan, wk.1, to adorn. sweord: neut. acc.sg., ‘sword’. 673a. īrena: gen.pl. of īren, neut., iron-sword [iron]. cyst: fem. acc.sg., choice, the best. 673b. ombiht-þeġne: dat.sg. of ombiht-þeġn, masc., ‘serving-thane’. 674a. ġehealdan: st.7, to ‘hold’, keep. hēt: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order. 674b. hilde-ġeatwe: fem. acc.pl., ‘war-equipment’.

57

675 145v

Ġespræc þā se gōda ġylp-worda sum,

675

Bēowulf |Ġēata, ǣr hē on bed stiġe:

イェーアタスのベーオウルフは 寝床に上る前に：

“Nō iċ mē an here-wæsmun hnāgran taliġe,

680

685

それから勇敢なる者は述べた、 誇りの言葉を少し、

『我は決して自らを強さにおいて 劣るとは思わない

gūþ-ġeweorca, þonne Grendel hine;

戦の業の、 グレンデルが自らを思うより；

forþan iċ hine sweorde swebban nelle,

それ故我は彼を剣で 殺そうとは思わない、

aldre benēotan, þēah iċ eal mæġe;

680

命を奪おうとは、 我は完璧にできるけれども；

nāt hē þāra gōda, þæt hē mē onġēan slea[he],

奴はこの進んだ業のことは知らない  （剣で） 我に打ちかかり、

rand ġehēawe, þēah ðe hē rōf sī-e

楯に切りかかるという、 たとえ奴が強いといえども、

nīþ-ġeweorca; ac wit on niht sċulon

闘いに； それで我ら二人は夜は

seċġe ofersittan, ġif h[ē] ġesēċean dear

剣を差し控えることにする、  もし奴が敢えて求めるなら

wīġ ofer wǣpen, ond siþðan wītiġ God,

685

on swā hwæþere hond, hāliġ Dryhten,

武器なしの戦を、 そして後で賢明なる神が どちらかに、 神聖なる主が

675a. Ġespræc: pret. 3sg. of ġesprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’. þā: adv., then. se gōda: the brave (one): wk. masc. nom.sg. 675b. ġylp-worda: gen.pl. of ġylp-word, neut., ‘boasting-word’. sum: ‘some’; neut. acc.sg.; w.gen.pl. 676a. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. 676b. ǣr: conj., before [ere]. on: prep., w.acc. (motion), onto. bed: acc.sg. of bed(d), neut., ‘bed’. stiġe: pret. subj. 3sg. of stīgan, st.1, to step up [G. steigen]. 677a. Nō: adv., not at all, never. an: = on: prep., w.dat., ‘on’, in. here-wæsmun: dat.pl. of here-wæ s(t)m, masc., ‘war-skill’, martial vigour; with a late OE form -un for normal -um; so 1304a wīcun. 677b. hnāgran: compar., masc. acc.sg. of hnāh, adj., poor, weak. taliġe: pres. 1sg. of talian, wk.2, to suppose; cf. 532b; this line means ‘I never suppose myself to be poorer in war-power’; understatement. 678a. gūþ-ġeweorca: gen.pl. of gūð-ġeweorc, neut., ‘war-deed’. 678b. þonne: conj., ‘than’. hine: ‘him’: acc., ‘himself ’ used reflexively. 679a. forþan: adv., therefore, for that reason. hine: ‘him’: acc. sweorde: instr.-dat.sg. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. 679b. swebban: wk.1, to kill. nelle: = ne wille: ‘(I) will not’: pres. 1sg. 680a. aldre: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. benēotan: st.2, to deprive of; w.dat. 680b. þēah: conj., ‘though’. eal: adv., all, entirely, quite. mæġe: pres. subj. 1sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can: with ellipsis of ‘do’. 681a. nāt: = ne wāt ‘(he) knows not’; wāt: pres. 3sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know (any of) [wit]. þāra: gen.pl. demon. adj. and def. art., of those. gōda: gen.pl. of gōd, neut., good practice, i.e. swordmanship; þāra gōda is partit. gen. with nāt. 681b. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the clause amplifying þāra gōda.

onġēan: prep. w.dat., ‘against’, towards;

postpositioned (mē onġēan). slea[he]: pres. subj. 3sg. of slēan, st.6, to strike (with sword), ‘slay’; MS slea; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 682a. rand: masc. acc.sg., shield, boss of shield. ġehēawe: pres. subj. 3sg. of ġehēawan, st.7, to ‘hew’. 682b. þēah ðe: conj., even though. rōf: adj., strong. sī-e: pres. subj. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to be; MS sie; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 683a. nīþ-ġeweorca: gen.pl. of nīþ-ġeweorc, neut., ‘hostile-work’, fight. 683b. ac: conj., but. wit: we two: nom., dual. on: prep., w.dat, by. niht: fem. dat.sg., night. sċulon: pres. 1pl. of sċulan, pret.pres., ‘shall’, be to. 684a. seċġe: acc.sg. of seċġ, fem., sword; a homonym of seċġ, ‘man’. offer-sittan: st.5, to refrain from. 684b. ġif: conj., ‘if ’. ġesēċean: wk.1, to ‘seek’. dear: pres. 3sg. of pret.-pres., *durran, st.3, to ‘dare’. 685a. wīġ: neut. / masc. acc.sg., battle. ofer: prep., w.acc., without. wǣpen: neut. acc.sg., ‘weapon’. 685b. siþðan: adv., afterwards [since]. wītiġ: adj., wise. 686a. on: prep., w.acc., onto. swa (....swa): correl., as (…as). hwæþere: fem. acc.sg. of hwæ ðer, pron., which of two, whichever. hond: fem. acc.sg., side, ‘hand’. 685b. hāliġ: adj., ‘holy’. Dryhten: masc. nom.sg., the Lord, God.

58

690

695

146r

mǣrðo dēme, swā him ġemet þinċe.”

栄光を判定なさるのだ、  主にとって適当と思われる側に』

Hylde hine þā heaþo-dēor,  hlēor-bolster onfēng

それから勇士は身を横たえ、 枕は受け入れた

eorles andwlitan, ond hine ymb moniġ

貴人の顔を、 そして彼の周りに大勢の

snellīċ sǣ-rinc sele-reste ġebēah.

690

勇敢な船乗りが 広間の寝床についた。

Nǣniġ heora þōhte, þæt hē þanon sċolde

彼らの誰一人思わなかった、 そこから

eft eard-lufan ǣfre ġesēċean,

再び愛する祖国に どのみち帰れようとは、

folc oþðe frēo-burh, þǣr hē āfēded wæs;

国人たちやすばらしい城市に、 そこで生まれ育った；

ac hīe hæfdon ġefrūnen þæt hīe ǣr tō fela miċles,

逆に彼らは聞き知っていたのだった、  余りに多くの命を、

in þǣm wīn-sele wæl-dēað fornam,

695

酒宴の広間で 過去に恐ろしい死が奪い去ったのを、

Deniġea lēode. Ac him Dryhten forġeaf

デネの人々から。 だが主は彼らに与えられた

wīġ-spēda ġewiofu, |Wedera lēodum,

勝利の運命を、 ウェデラスの人々に、

frōfor ond fultum, þæt hīe fēond heora

慰めと救いを、 そのため彼らは彼らの敵を

ðurh ānes cræft ealle ofercōmon,

一人の力によって 完全に圧倒したのだった、

687a. mǣrðo: fem. acc.sg., glory. dēme: pres. subj. 3sg. of dēman, wk.1, to judge. 687b. ġemet: adj., nom.sg., fit [meet]. þinċe: pres. subj. 3sg. of þynċan, wk.1, impers., to seem; cf. þenċan, to ‘thnk’. 688a. Hylde: pret. 3sg. of hyldan, wk.1, to bend down. hine: him: acc.; refl. þā: adv., then. heaþo-dēor: adj., ‘battle-brave’. 688b. hlēorbolster: masc. nom.sg., ‘cheek cushion’, pillow; subject. onfēng: pret. 3sg. of on-fōn, st.7, to receive; w.dat. 689a. eorles: gen.sg. of eorl, masc., nobleman, i.e. Beowulf [earl]. andwlitan: dat.sg. of and-wlita, wk. masc., face. 689b. hine: him: acc. ymb: prep., w.acc., around, near; postpositioned. moniġ: adj., ‘many’ a. 690a. snellīċ: adj., brave. sǣ-rinc: masc. nom.sg., ‘sea-man’, sailor. 690b. sele-reste: acc.sg. of sele-rest, fem., ‘hall-rest’, bed. gebēah: pret. 3sg. of ġebūgan, st.2, to lie down on; w.acc. 691a. Nǣniġ: ne + ǣ niġ: pron., nom.sg., no one. heora; their : gen. þōhte: pret. 3sg. of þenċan, wk.1, to ‘think’. 691b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. þanon: adv., ‘thence’. sċolde: pret. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., shall; signifies possibility. 692a. eft: adv., again. eard-lufan: acc.sg. of eard-lufu, wk. fem., ‘homeland-love’, beloved homeland. 692b. ǣfre: adv., ‘ever’. ġesēċean: wk.1, to visit, ‘seek’; occurrences of ‘to visit’ are many. 693a. folc: neut. acc.sg., ‘folk’. oþðe: conj., or. frēo-burh: fem. acc.sg., ‘free-borough’, noble stronghold. 693b. þǣr: rel. adv, where. āfēded: pp. of ā-fēdan, wk.1, to bring up [feed]. 694a. hīe: they. hæfdon: had: pret. 3pl. ġefrūnen: pp. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to hear of. 694b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hīe: them: acc. ǣr: adv., before. tō: adv., ‘too’. fela: adj., acc.sg., many. miċles: neut. gen.sg. of miċel, adj. ‘much’; adverbially, far; this half-line means ‘that far too many of them (people of Dene)’. 695a. wīn-sele: masc. dat.sg., ‘wine-hall’. 695b. wæl-dēað: masc. nom.sg., ‘slaughter-death’. fornam: pret. 3sg. of for-niman, st.4, to take away. 696a. Deniġea: gen. of Dene. lēode: masc. acc.pl. people. 696b. him: them: dat. Dryhten: masc. nom.sg, the Lord, God. forġeaf: pret. 3sg. of for-ġifan, st.5, to reward; see Com. 697a. wīġ-spēda: gen.pl. of wīġ-spēd, fem. ‘war-success’, victory. ġewiofu: acc.pl. of ġewif(e), neut., ‘woven’ fate, fortune [web]. 697b. Wedera: gen. of Wederas, masc. pl., Geatas [weather]. lēodum: dat. of lēode, masc. pl., people. 698a. frōfor (= frōfre): fem. / masc. acc.sg., consolation. fultum: masc. acc.sg., help, support. 698b. þæt: conj., so that. hīe: they. fēond: masc. acc.sg., enemy, ‘fiend’. heora: their. 699a. ðurh: prep., ‘through’. ānes: masc. gen.sg. of ān, one (man). cræft: masc. acc.sg., power [craft]. 699b. ealle: masc. nom.pl. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’; approaches adverbial function. ofercōmon: pret. 3pl. of ofer-cuman, st.4, to ‘overcome’.

59

700

705

selfes mihtum. Sōð is ġecӯþed,

700

彼自身の強力によって。 真実は知れ渡っている、

þæt mihtiġ God manna cynnes

全能の神が 人類を

wēold [wīde-]ferhð. Cōm on wanre niht

常に支配されていることは。 暗黒の夜にやって来た、

sċrīðan sċeadu-genġa. Sċēotend swǣfon,

闇の中を歩く者が忍び足で。 武士たちは眠っていた、

þā þæt horn-reċed healdan sċoldon,

その破風のある館を 守るべき、

ealle būton ānum. Þæt wæs yldum cūþ,

705

ただ一人を除いて皆が。 人々には知られていた、

þæt hīe ne mōste, þā Metod nolde,

彼らに対してできはしないと、 神が望まない時には、

se s[ċ]yn-sċaþa under sċeadu breġdan;

その悪霊のような敵が 闇の中へ引きずり込むなど；

ac hē wæċċende wrāþum on andan

それで彼は寝ずの番をして、 敵に対する憤激の余り

bād bolgen-mōd beadwa ġeþinġes.

怒り心頭に発して、待っていた 闘いの決着を。

700a. selfes: masc. gen.sg. of self, pron. self.; ‘of himself, i.e. Beowulf ’. mihtum: instr.-dat.pl. of miht, f., ‘might’, power. 700b. Sōð: neut. nom.sg., truth. ġecӯþed: pp. of ġecȳðan, wk.1, to make known. 701a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. mihtiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘mighty’. God: masc. nom.sg., ‘God’. 701b. manna: gen.pl. of mon(n), man(n), masc., ‘man’. cynnes: gen.sg. of cyn, neut., mankind [kin]. 702a. wēold: pret. 3sg. of wealdan, st.7, to rule, control, ‘wield’; w.gen. [wīde-]ferhð: masc., acc.g, long time; (adverbially) for ever; MS ... / ferð; restored by Grundtvig. 702b. Cōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’, approach. on: prep., w.dat., in, at. wanre: fem. dat.sg. of won(n), adj. dark. niht: fem. dat.sg., ‘night’. 703a. sċrīðan: st.1, to stride. sċeadu-genġa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘shadowgoer’; see 449a. 703b. Sċēotend: masc. nom.pl., ‘shooters’, warriors. swǣfon: pret. 3pl. of swefan, st.5, to sleep; they slept to show manly indifference in the face of danger believing the Germanic maxim that ‘no man will die before the fates will it’ (Jack, p. 71). 704a. þā: rel. pron., nom.pl., who. þæt: the: neut. acc.sg. horn-reċed: neut. acc.sg., gabled house, ‘horn-hall’. 704b. healdan: st.7, to, guard, ‘hold’. sċoldon: pret. 3pl. of sċulan, pret.-pres., have to, be to, ‘should’. 705a. ealle: masc. nom.pl. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’. buton: prep., w.dat., except [but]. ānum: masc. dat.sg. of ān; see 699a. 705b. Þæt (...þæt): it (...that). yldum: dat.pl. of ylde, masc., men. cūþ: pp. and adj., known, well known. 706a. hīe: them: acc. ne: adv., not. mōste: pret. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, to have opportunity. 706b. þā: conj., when. Metod: masc. nom.sg., God. nolde: = ne wolde: would not: pret. 3sg. 707a. s[ċ]yn-sċaþa: wk. masc., nom.sg., demoniac foe; MS syn scaþa, ‘sin-destroyer’; emended by Grein. 707b. under: prep., w.acc., to the inside of, ‘under’. sċeadu: acc.pl. of sċead, neut., ‘shade’. breġdan: st.3sg, to draw; this halfline means ‘send to the next world, kill’ (M & R, p. 71). 708a. hē: he, i.e. Beowulf. wæċċende: pres. part. of wæ ċċan, wk.3, to be awake, ‘watch’ for. 708b. wrāþum: dat.sg. masc. of wrāþ, adj., hostile (one), i.e. Grendel [wrothsome]; the dat. means ‘against’. on: prep. w.dat., in. andan: dat.sg. of anda, wk. masc., anger. 709a. bād: pret. 3sg. of bīdan, st.1, to await, wait for; w.gen. bolgen-mōd: adj., enraged, ‘in enraged mind’. 709b. beadwa: gen.pl. of beado, beadu, fem., battle, conflict. ġeþinġes: gen.sg. of ġeþinġe, neut., result.

60

・XI・ 710

715

146v

720

XI

Ðā cōm of mōre under mist-hleoþum

710

 すると沼地からやって来た、 霧濃き斜面の下にある、

Grendel gongan, Godes yrre bær;

グレンデルは歩いて、 神の怒りを背負っていた；

mynte se mān-sċaða manna cynnes

邪悪な敵は意図した、 人間の

sumne besyrwan in sele þām hēan.

一人を罠にかけようと、 その高殿で。

Wōd under wolcnum tō þæs þe hē wīn-reċed,

雲の下を進んで、 ついに彼は酒宴の館、

gold-sele gumena ġearwost wisse,

715

人々の黄金の広間が、  最も良く認められる所まで来た、

fǣttum fāhne. Ne wæs þæt forma sīð,

金箔で輝いているのを。 それは最初ではなかった、

þæt hē Hrōþgāres hām ġesōhte;

彼がフロースガールの 館を訪れたのは；

nǣfre hē on aldor-dagum, ǣr |nē siþðan,

彼の生涯に一度もなかった、 これ以前にも以後にも、

heardran hǣle heal-ðeġnas fand!

これよりひどい悪運で 広間の武士を見出したことは！

Cōm þā tō reċede rinc sīðian,

720

それから広間にやって来た、 この者は遠征しに、

drēamum bedǣled. Duru sōna onarn,

喜びを奪われて。 扉はすぐに跳ねた、

fӯr-bendum fæst, syþðan hē hire folmum [ġ]ehrān;

火で鍛えた閂で留めてあったが、 彼が両手で触れるや；

710a. Ðā: adv., then. cōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’; w. inf. of: prep., w.dat., from. mōre: dat.sg. of mōr, masc., ‘moor’, marsh. 710b. mist-hleoþum: dat.pl. of mist-hliþ, neut., ‘misty slope’. 711a. gongan: st.7, to ‘go’. 711b. Godes: gen. of God, masc., ‘God’. yrre: neut. acc.sg., ‘ire’, anger. bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 712a. mynte: pret. 3sg. of myntan, wk.1, to mean, intend; w. inf. se: the; masc. nom.sg. mān-sċaða: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘evil-doer’. 712b. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. cynnes: gen.sg. of cyn, neut., race; manna cynnes, ‘of the mankind’. 713a. sumne: masc. acc.sg. of sum, adj., a certain (one); functions as pron. besyrwan: wk.1, to ensnare. 713b. sele: masc. dat.sg., hall. þām: the: masc. dat.sg. hēan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of hēah, adj., ‘high’. 714a. Wōd: pret. 3sg. of wadan, st.6, to advance [wade]. wolcnum: dat.pl. of wolcen, neut., cloud. 714b. tō þæs þe: to that point where, until. wīn-reċed: neut. acc.sg., ‘wine-hall’. 715a. gold-sele: masc. acc.sg., ‘gold-hall’. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. 715b. ġearwost: supl. of ġear(w)e, adv., well, surely. wisse: pret. 3sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know. 716a. fǣttum: dat.pl. of fǣ t, neut., gold plate. fāhne: masc. acc.sg. of fāh, adj., decorated. 716b. þæt (...þæt): it (...that): neut. nom.sg. forma: adj., masc. nom.sg., first. sīð: masc. nom.sg., time, occasion. 717a. Hrōþgāres: gen. 717b. hām: masc. acc.sg., ‘home’. ġesōhte: pret. 3sg. of ġesēċan, wk.1, to visit, attack. 718a. nǣfre: adv., ‘never’. on: prep., w.dat., in. aldor-dagum: dat. of (e)aldordagas, masc. pl., ‘life-days’. 718b. ǣr ne siþðan: never before or after. 719a. heardran: compar., fem. dat. / acc. sg. of heard, adj., ‘hard’, severe. hǣle: dat.sg. of hǣ lo, wk. fem., luck, fortune; see Com. 719b. heal-ðeġnas: acc.pl. of heal-ðeġn, masc., ‘hall-thane’. fand: pret. 3sg. of findan, st.3, to ‘find’. 720a. Cōm: see 710a. þā: adv., then. reċede: dat.sg. of reċed, masc. / neut., hall. 720b. rinc: masc. nom.sg., warrior, fighter. sīðian: wk.2, to travel, hurry. 721a. drēamum: dat.pl. of drēam, masc., joy, bliss. bedǣled: pp., masc. nom.sg. of be-dǣ lan, wk.1, to deprive of; w.dat. of thing; see Com. 721b. Duru: fem. nom.sg., ‘door’ or gate. sōna: adv., ‘soon’, at once. onarn: pret. 3sg. of on-irnan, st.3, to spring open. 722a. fȳr-bendum: dat.pl. of fȳr-bend, fem., ‘band forged with fire’. fæst: adj., fem. nom.sg,. ‘fast’, firm; modifies Duru. 722b. syþðan: conj., when, as soon as. hire: ‘her’, i.e. Duru: gen. / dat. folmum: dat.pl. of folm, fem., hand. [ġ]ehrān: pret. 3sg. of ġehrīnan, st.1, to touch, strike at; w.gen. / dat.; MS .ehran; restored by Zupitza, but Klaeber and Dobbie æ thrān restored by Grundtvig.

61

725

730

735

onbrǣd þā bealo-hӯdiġ, ðā [hē ġe]bolgen wæs,

敵意を持った者は開け放った、 彼が激怒していたので、

reċedes mūþan. Raþe æfter þon

広間の入口を。 その後すばやく

on fāgne flōr fēond treddode,

725

モザイク模様の床を 敵は踏みつけ、

ēode yrre-mōd; him of ēagum stōd

憤って進んだ； 彼の両眼からは出ていた

liġġe ġelīcost lēoht unfǣġer.

まるで炎のような 恐ろしい光りが。

Ġeseah hē in reċede rinca maniġe,

彼は広間の中に見た、 大勢の武士が、

swefan sibbe-ġedriht samod ætgædere,

一族郎党が眠っているのを、 皆一緒に、

mago-rinca hēap. Þā his mōd āhlōg;

730

若武者の一隊が。 その時彼の心は躍った；

mynte þæt hē ġedǣlde, ǣr þon dæġ cwōme,

彼は離そうと思った、 夜明けがやって来る前に、

atol āglǣċa ānra ġehwylċes

恐ろしい怪物は 一人一人の

līf wið līċe, þā him ālumpen wæs

命を体から、 彼に生じたからだ、

wist-fylle wēn. Ne wæs þæt wyrd þā ġēn,

御馳走への期待が。 もはや彼の運命ではなかった、

þæt hē mā mōste manna cynnes

735

彼がもっと多くを食べられるのは、 人間を

723a. onbrǣd: pret. 3sg. of on-breġdan, st.3, to swing open. þā: adv., then. bealo-hȳdiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘evilintending’ (one). 723b. ðā: conj., when. [hē: he, i.e. Grendel. ġe]bolgen: pp. of ġebelgan, st.3, to enrage: MS ....bolgen; restored by Grundtvig. 724a. reċedes: gen.sg. of reċed, masc. / neut., hall. mūþan: acc.sg. of mūþa, wk. masc., ‘mouth’; the object of onbrǣ d in 723a. 724b. Raþe: adv., quickly. æfter: prep., w.instr., ‘after’. þon: that, it: neut. instr.sg. of þæ t. 725a. fāgne: masc. acc.sg. of fāg, fāh, adj., ornamented, decorated. flōr: masc. acc.sg., ‘floor’. 725b. fēond: masc. nom.sg., ‘fiend’, demon. treddode: pret. 3sg. of treddian, wk.2, to step, ‘tread’. 726a. ēode: pret. 3sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. yrre-mōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘angry-minded’. 726b. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. of: prep., w.dat., from. ēagum: dat.pl. of ēage, wk. neut., ‘eye’. stōd: pret. 3sg. of standan, st.6, to shine forth, issue [stand]. 727a. liġġe: dat.sg. of līġ, masc., flame, fire. ġelīcost: supl., neut. nom.sg. of ġelīċ, adj., like. 727b. lēoht: neut. nom.sg., ‘light’. unfǣġer: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘un-fair’, hideous; see Com. 728a. Ġeseah: pret. 3sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see; w.acc. & inf. reċede: see 720a. 728b. rinca: gen.pl. of rinc, masc., man, warrior. maniġe: masc. acc. pl. of maniġ, ‘many’. 729a. swefan: st.5, inf., to sleep. sibbe-ġedriht: fem. acc.sg., ‘kinsman-band’. 729b. samod: adv., together. ætgædere: adv., together. 730a. mago-rinca: gen.pl. of mago-rinc, masc., young warrior. hēap: masc., acc.sg., a big group [heap]. 730b. Þā: adv., then. mōd: neut. nom.sg., mind, heart. āhlōg: pret. 3sg. of ā-hlyhhan, st.6, to exult [laugh]. 731a. mynte: pret. 3sg. of myntan, wk.1, to mean, intend. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ġedǣlde: pret. subj. 3sg. of ġedǣ lan, wk.1, to part, sever. 731b. ǣr þon: as conj., before; with pret. subj. þon: neut. instr.sg. of þæ t. dæġ: masc. nom.sg., ‘day’. cwōme: pret. subj. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 732a. atol: adj., masc. nom.sg., horrible, hideous. āglǣċa: wk. masc. nom.sg., demon, fiend. 732b. ānra: every, each; masc. gen.pl. of ān, ‘one’. ġehwylċes: masc. gen.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each, every (one); with partit. gen.(pl.). 733a. līf: neut. acc.sg., ‘life’; the object of ġedǣ lde in 731a. wið: prep., w.dat., from. līċe: dat.sg. of līċ, neut., body. 733b. þā: conj., when. him: ‘him’: dat. ālumpen: pp. of ā-limpan, st.3, to happen, occur. 734a. wist-fylle: gen.sg. of wistfyllo, wk. fem., ‘feasting-fill’, plentiful meal. wēn: fem. nom.sg., expectation, prospect. 734b. Ne: not. wæs: ‘was’. þæt (...þæt): it (…that). wyrd: fem. nom.sg., fate, destiny. þā ġēn: yet. 735a. mā: more (of): with partit. gen.; the object of ðiċġean in 736a. mōste: pret. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., can. 735b. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. cynnes: gen.sg. of cyn, neut., mankind [kin].

62

739 131r

745

ðiċġean ofer þā niht. Þrӯð-swӯð behēold

その夜以降。 力強き人は見守っていた、

mǣġ Hiġelāces, hū se mān-sċaða

ヒュエラークの近親者は、 いかに邪悪な敵が

under fǣr-gripum ġefaran wolde.

突然掴みかかって こようとするのかを。

Nē þæt se āglǣċa yldan þōhte,

怪物はそれを決して 延ばそうとは思わずに、

ac hē ġe|fēng hraðe forman sīðe

740

すばやく掴まえた、 真先に

slǣpendne rinc, slāt unwearnum,

眠っている武士一人を、 思う存分引き裂き、

bāt bān-locan, blōd ēdrum dranc,

関節を噛み切り、 静脈から血を飲み、

syn-snǣdum swealh; sōna hæfde

大きな肉塊を飲み込んだ； たちまち

unlyfiġendes eal ġefeormod,

死者の 全てを食べ尽くしてしまった、

fēt ond folma. Forð nēar ætstōp,

745

手足とも。 （彼は）一層近く歩み寄り、

nam þā mid handa hiġe-þīhtiġne

それから手で掴もうとした、 豪胆な、

rinc on ræste, rǣhte onġēan

床についている武士 (B) を、  彼の方に伸ばしたのだった、

fēond mid folme; hē onfēng hraþe

敵は手を； 彼 (B) はすばやく （それを）掴み

inwit-þancum ond wið earm ġesæt.

敵愾心をもって、 （G の）腕をてこに起き上った。

736a. ðiċġean: st.5, to partake of. ofer: prep., w.acc., after. þā: the, that; fem. acc.sg. niht: fem. acc.sg., ‘night’. 736b. Þrȳð-swȳð: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘mighty-strong’ (one); see 131a. behēold: pret. 3sg. of be-healdan, st.7, to ‘behold’, observe. 737a. mǣġ: masc. nom.sg., kinsman. Hiġelāces: gen. of Hiġelāc. 737b. hū: conj., ‘how’. se: the; masc. nom.sg. mān-sċaða: wk. masc. nom.sg., evil-doer. 738a. under: prep., w.dat., with. fǣr-gripum: dat.pl. of fǣ r-gripe, masc., ‘sudden grip’. 738b. ġefaran: st.6, to proceed (with), ‘fare’. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’. 739a. þæt: ‘that’: neut. acc.sg.; object of yldan (739b). se: see 737b. āglǣċa: see 732a. 739b. yldan: wk.1, to delay. þōhte: pret. 3sg. of þenċan, wk.1, to intend; w. inf. 740a. ac: conj., but. ġefēng: pret. 3sg. of ġefōn, st.7, to take, grasp. hraðe: adv., quickly. 740b. forman: masc. dat.sg. of forma, adj., first. sīðe: dat.sg. of sīð, masc., occasion, chance; adverbial dat. 741a. slǣpendne: (pres. part.) masc. acc.sg. of slǣ pan, st.7, to ‘sleep’. rinc: masc. acc.sg., man, warrior. 741b. slāt: pret. 3sg. of slītan, st.1, to ‘slit’, tear. un-wearnum: adv., from dat.pl., ‘unhindrance’, greedily; cf. wearn, fem., refusal. 742a. bāt: pret. 3sg. of bītan, st.1, to ‘bite’. bān-locan: acc.pl. of bān-loca, wk. masc., ‘bone-locker’, joint. 742b. blōd: neut. acc.sg., ‘blood’. ēdrum: dat.pl. of ǣ d(e)r, fem., vein; ‘from his veins’. dranc: pret. 3sg. of drincan, st.3, to ‘drink’. 743a. syn-snǣdum: dat.pl. of syn-snǣ d, fem., ‘great morsel’. swealh: pret. 3sg. of swelgan, st.3, to ‘swallow’; w.dat. 743b. sōna: adv., ‘soon’, at once. hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. 744a. unlyfiġendes: masc. gen.sg. of un-lifiġende, adj. (pres. part.), ‘un-living’, dead. 744b. eal: ‘all’: neut. acc.sg. ġefeormod: pp. of ġefeormian, wk.2, to eat up. 745a. fēt: acc.pl. of fōt, masc., ‘foot’. folma: acc.pl. of folm, fem., hand. 745b. Forð: adv., ‘forth’. nēar: adv., ‘near’, nearer, compar. of nēah, ‘nigh’. ætstōp: pret. 3sg. of æ t-steppan, st.6, to ‘step forth’. 746a. nam: pret. 3sg. of niman, st.4, to take, seize. þā: adv., then. mid: prep., w.dat., with. handa: dat.sg. of hand, fem., ‘hand’. 746b. hiġe-þīhtiġne: masc. acc.sg. of hiġe-þīhtiġ, adj., ‘heart-strong’. 747a. rinc: masc. acc.sg., man, warrior. ræste: dat.sg. of ræ st, fem., bed [rest]. 747b. rǣhte: pret. 3sg. of rǣ ċan, wk.1, to ‘reach’ out. onġēan: adv., towards. 748a. fēond: masc. nom.sg., ‘fiend’, demon. folme: dat.sg. of folm, fem., hand. 748b. onfēng: pret. 3sg. of on-fōn, st.7, to receive, clasp. hraþe: adv., quickly. 749a. inwit-þancum: dat.pl. of inwit-þanc, masc., ‘hostile intent’. 749b. wið: prep., against. earm: masc. acc.sg., ‘arm’; Grendel’s; see Com. ġesæt: pret. 3sg. of ġesittan, st.5, to ‘sit’ up.

63

750

755

Sōna þæt onfunde, fyrena hyrde,

750

たちまち気づいた 犯罪の守護者 (G) は

þæt hē ne mētte middan-ġeardes,

出くわしたことがないことに、 この中津国の、

eorþan sċēata, on elran men

この世界のいろんな地域の 他の人間の場合には

mund-gripe māran; hē on mōde wearð

これほど強い握力に； 彼は心中、

forht on ferhðe; nō þӯ ǣr fram meahte.

内心怯えた； とは言え少しも早くは逃げられなかった。

Hyġe wæs him hin-fūs, wolde on heolster flēon,

755

sēċan dēofla ġedræġ; ne wæs his drohtoð þǣr

彼の心は逃げようと気をもみ、 隠れ家に逃れたかった、 悪魔の仲間の所へ行きたかった； 彼のここでの成り行 きは違っていた、

760

swylċe hē on ealder-dagum ǣr ġemētte.

彼が生涯で それまで見出したものとは。

Ġemunde þā se gōda, mǣġ Hiġelāces,

その時勇士は思い出した、 ヒュエラ−クの近親者は、

ǣfen-sprǣċe, uplang āstōd

夕べの言葉〔豪語〕を、 すっくと立ち上がると

ond him fæste wiðfēng; fingras burston;

760

eoten wæs ūtweard, eorl furþur stōp.

彼 (G) をしっかと掴まえた； 彼の指は砕けた； 巨人は逃れようともがき、 貴人は一歩前に出た。

750a. Sōna: see 743b; M & R (p. 73) take it as conj. ‘as soon as’ and put the comma after māran, but it is not necessary. þæt (...þæt): it (…that). onfunde: pret. 3sg. of on-findan, st.3, to ‘find out’. 750b. fyrena: gen.pl. of fyren, fem., crime, sin. hyrde: masc., nom.sg., guardian, keeper. 751a. mētte: pret. 3sg. of mētan, wk.1, to ‘meet’, find. 751b. middan-ġeardes: gen.sg. of middan-ġeard, masc., ‘middle’-earth, the world. 752a. eorþan: gen.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the ‘earth’. sċēata: gen.pl. of sċēat(t), masc., region. 752b. on: prep., w.dat., in. elran: masc. dat. sg. of elra, compar. adj., another; cf. elles ‘else’. men: dat.sg. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 753a. mund-gripe: masc. acc.sg., ‘hand-grip’; the object of mētte in 751a. māran: masc. acc.sg. of māra, greater, ‘more’. 753b. on: prep., w.dat., in. mōde: dat.sg. of mōd, neut., mind, heart. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 754a. forht: adj., masc. nom.sg., afraid; cf. fyrhtu, ‘fright’. ferhðe: dat.sg. of ferhð, masc. / neut., mind, heart. 754b. nō: adv., not at all, never. þȳ: the, any; neut. instr.sg. of þæ t. ǣr: adv., sooner; nō þȳ ǣ r, ‘none the sooner, yet … not’. fram: adv., forth, away. meahte: pret. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can; a verb of motion is understood. 755a. Hyġe: masc. nom.sg., mind, heart. him: ‘him’; poss. dat. hin-fūs: adj., masc. nom.sg., eager to flee [hence]. 755b. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to wish. on: prep., w.acc., into. heolster: masc. acc.sg., hiding place. flēon: st.2, to ‘flee’. 756a. sēċan: wk.1, to ‘seek’. dēofla: gat.pl. of dēofol, neut., ‘devil’. ġedræġ: neut. acc.sg., company [cf. drag]. 756b. drohtoð: masc. nom.sg., situation, experience; cf. drēogan to experience. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. 757a. swylċe: conj., (such) as. on: prep., w.dat., in. ealder-dagum: dat. of (e)aldor-dagas, masc.pl., ‘life-days’. 757b. ǣr: adv., before. ġemētte: pret. 3sg. of ġemētan, wk.1., to ‘meet’. 758a. Ġemunde: pret. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.pres., to think of, remember. þā: adv., then. se: the: masc. nom.sg. gōda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of gōd, adj., ‘good’, brave; Jack (p. 72) emends this to mōdġa for alliteration. 758b. mǣġ: masc. nom.sg., kinsman. Hiġelāces: gen.sg. 759a. ǣfen-sprǣċe: acc.sg. of ǣ fen-sprǣ ċ, fem., ‘evening-speech’. 759b. up-lang: adj., upright [up, long]. āstōd: pret. 3sg. of ā-standan, st.6, to ‘stand up’, arise. 760a. him: ‘him’: dat.; the object of wiðfēng. fæste: adv., ‘fast’, firmly. wiðfēng: pret. 3sg. of wið-fōn, st.7, to take hold of; w.dat. 760b. fingras: nom.pl. of finger, masc., ‘finger’. burston: pret. 3pl. of berstan, st.3, to break apart, ‘burst’. 761a. eoten: masc. nom.sg., giant, monster. ūt-weard: adj., masc. nom.sg., striving to escape [out, ward]. 761b. eorl: masc. nom.sg., nobleman, warrior [earl]. furþur: adv., ‘further’. stōp: pret. 3sg. of steppan, st.6, to ‘step’.

64

131v

765

770

Mynte se mǣra, |[þ]ǣr hē meahte swā,

悪名高き者は思った、 もしそうすることができたら、

wīdre ġewindan ond on weġ þanon

高飛びして ここから遠く

flēon on fen-hopu; wiste his fingra ġeweald

沼地の隠れ家に逃げ帰りたいと； 彼の指の力を思い知った、

on grames grāpum. Þæt wæs ġēocor sīð,

765

怒れる者に掴まれて。 それは悲惨な遠征だった、

þæt se hearm-sċaþa tō Heorute ātēah!

害をなす敵が ヘオロトに行なったのは！

Dryht-sele dynede; Denum eallum wearð,

壮麗な館は鳴り響いた； あらゆるデネ人に生じた、

ċeaster-būendum, cēnra ġehwylcum,

城に住む者たちに、 すべての勇者たちに、

eorlum ealu-sċerwen. Yrre wǣron bēġen,

貴人らに恐れが。 両者とも怒っていた、

rēþe ren-weardas. Reċed hlynsode.

770

獰猛な館の番人たちは。 広間は大音響をたてた；

Þā wæs wundor miċel, þæt se wīn-sele

大きな奇跡であった、 酒宴の広間が

wiðhæfde heaþo-dēorum, þæt hē on hrūsan ne fēol,

戦に猛き者たちに耐えたのは、 それが地上に倒れなかったのは、

fǣġer fold-bold; ac hē þæs fæste wæs

美しき建物が； それはとてもしっかりと

innan ond ūtan īren-bendum

内も外も 鉄の帯で

762a. Mynte: pret. 3sg. of myntan, wk.1, to intend. se: the: masc. nom.sg. mǣra: wk. masc. nom.sg. of mǣ re, adj., notorious. 762b. [þ]ǣr: conj., in case that, if; MS . æ r; restored by Ettmüller. meahte: pret. 3sg. of magan, pret.pres., can. swā: adv., ‘so’. 763a. wīdre: compar., neut. acc.sg. of wīd, adj., ‘wide’, far; possibly adverbial; see Com. ġewindan: st.3, to escape. 763b. on weġ: ‘away’. weġ: masc. acc.sg., ‘way’. þanon: adv., ‘thence’. 764a. flēon: st.2, to ‘flee’. fen-hopu: acc.pl. of fen-hop, neut., ‘fen-retreat’. 764b. wiste: pret. 3sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know, learn. fingra: gen.pl. of finger, masc., ‘finger’. ġeweald: neut. acc.sg., power [G. Gewalt]. 765a. grames: masc. gen.sg. of gram, adj., wrathful [G. gram]. grāpum: dat.pl. of grāp, fem., grip, grasp. 765b. Þæt (...þæt): it (...that). ġēocor: adj., masc. nom.sg., grievous, sad. sīð: masc. nom.sg., journey. 766a. se: the: masc. nom.sg. hearm-sċaþa: masc. nom.sg., ‘harm-doer’. 766b. Heorute: dat. of Heorot. ātēah: pret. 3sg. of ā-tēon, st.2, to draw; sīð ātēon, ‘to take a journey’. 767a. Dryht-sele: masc. nom.sg., ‘splendid hall’. dynede: pret. 3sg. of dynnan, wk.1, to resound. 767b. Denum: dat. of Dene. eallum: masc. dat.pl. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to happen. 768a. ċeaster-būendum: dat.pl. (pres. part.) of ċeaster-būend, ‘castle-dweller’ [L. castra]. 768b. cēnra: masc. gen. pl. of cēne, adj., bold [keen]. ġehwylcum: masc. dat.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each, every (one). 769a. eorlum: dat.pl. of eorl, masc., warrior [earl]. ealu-sċerwen: fem. nom.sg., ‘ale-depriving’ (Clark Hall’s Dictionary, s.v.), terror. 769b. Yrre: adj., masc. nom.pl., ireful, angry. wǣron: ‘were’: pret. 3pl. of wesan, st.5. bēġen: nom.pl., both. 770a. rēþe: adj., masc. nom.pl., raging. ren-weardas: nom.pl. of ren-weard, masc., ‘house-guard’. 770b. Reċed: masc. / neut. nom.sg., hall. hlynsode: pret. 3sg. of hlynsian, wk.2, to resound. 771a. Þā: adv., then. wundor: neut. nom.sg., ‘wonder’. miċel: adj., neut. nom.sg., great, large. 771b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. se: the: masc. nom.sg. wīn-sele: masc. nom.sg., ‘wine-hall’. 772a. wiðhæfde: pret. 3sg. of wið-habban, wk.3, to withstand; w.dat. heaþo-dēorum: masc. dat.pl. of heaþo-dēor, adj., ‘battle-brave’ (one). 772b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hē: it: masc. nom.sg.; refers to wīn-sele in 771b. hrūsan: acc.sg. of hrūse, wk. fem., ground. fēol: pret. 3sg. of feallan, st.7, to ‘fall’. 773a. fǣġer: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘fair’; a variant with a long vowel of fæ ġer. fold-bold: neut. nom.sg., ‘earth-building’. 773b. hē: it: masc. nom.sg.; refers to wīn-sele in 771b. þæs: to such a degree, so: neut. gen.sg. of se, it; adverbial. fæste: adv., ‘fast’, firmly. 774a. innan: adv., inside. ūtan: adv., outside. 774b. īren-bendum: dat.pl. of īren-bend, fem., ‘iron-band’.

65

775

780

147r

785

searo-þoncum besmiþod. Þǣr fram sylle ābēag

775

巧みに取り巻かれていた。 床から飛び跳ねた

medu-benċ moniġ, mīne ġefrǣġe,

酒宴の長椅子がたくさん、 私の聞いたところでは、

golde ġereġnad, þǣr þā graman wunnon.

金で飾られた、 怒った者同士が闘ったとき。

Þæs ne wēndon ǣr witan Sċyldinga,

思ったこともなかった、 シュルディンガスの賢人たちは、

þæt hit ā mid ġemete manna ǣniġ

それ (H) をいつかなんらかの方法で 誰かが

[b]etlīċ ond bān-fāg tōbrecan meahte,

780

壮麗な角飾りのある（館を） 壊せるとは、

listum tōlūcan, nymþe līġes fæþm

技でばらばらにできるとは、 火の抱擁が

swulge on swaþule. Swēġ |up āstāg,

炎で包み込むのでなければ。 物音が生じた、

nīwe ġeneahhe: Norð-Denum stōd

殆ど聞いたこともないような ―「北」デネの人たちに生じた、

atelīċ eġesa, ānra ġehwylcum

ぞっとするような恐怖が、 どの人にも、

þāra þe of wealle wōp ġehӯrdon,

785

gryre-lēoð galan Godes andsacan,

彼らは壁越しに 悲鳴を聞いた、 恐怖の歌をうたうのを 神の敵が、

775a. searo-þoncum: dat.pl. of searo-þonc, masc., ‘skill-pleasure’, ingenuity. besmiþod: pp., masc. nom.sg. of besmiþian, wk.2, to surround, fasten [smith]. 775b. Þǣr: adv., ‘there’; loosely correl. with þǣ r in 777b. fram: prep., w.dat., ‘from’. sylle: dat.sg. of syll, fem., floor [sill]. ābēag: pret. 3sg. of ā-būgan, st.2, to bend away, start. 776a. medu-benċ: fem. nom.sg., ‘mead-bench’. moniġ: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘many’ a. 776b. mīne ġefrǣġe: ‘as I have heard tell’. ġefrǣġe: neut. instr.sg., information through hearsay. 777a. golde: dat.sg. of gold, neut., ‘gold’. ġereġnad: pp. of reġnian, wk.2, to prepare, adorn. 777b. þǣr : conj., where, when. þā: the, those: nom.pl. graman: wk. masc. nom.pl. of gram, adj., wrathful, hostile (one). wunnon: pret. 3pl. of winnan, st.3, to fight [win]. 778a. Þæs: it: neut. gen.sg.; the object of wēndon; correl. with þæ t in 779a, ‘it … that’, cf. 765b. ne: adv., not. wēndon: pret. 3pl. of wēnan, wk.1, to think; w.gen. ǣr: adv., before. 778b. witan: nom.pl. of wita, wk. masc., wise man, councillor. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 779a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hit: it: neut. acc.sg.; refers to se wīn-sele, masc. in 771b; but hit, neut. with ‘natural rather than grammatical gender’ (Jack, p. 73). ā: adv., at any time. mid ġemete: in any way. ġemete: acc.sg. of ġemet, neut., means. 779b. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. ǣniġ: ‘any’: nom.sg. 780a. [b]etlīċ: adj., neut. acc.sg., excellent, splendid; MS hetlic; emended by Grundtvig. bān-fāg: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘bone (= antler)-decorated’. 780b. tō-brecan: st.4, to ‘break apart’. meahte: pret. subj. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., may, can. 781a. listum: dat.pl. of list, masc., skill, craft. tō-lūcan: st.2, to destroy. 781b. nymþe: conj., unless, except that. līġes: gen.sg. of līġ, masc., flame, fire. fæþm: masc. nom.sg., embrace. 782a. swulge: pret. subj. 3sg. of swelgan, st.3, to ‘swallow’. swaþule: dat.sg. of swaþul, masc. / neut., flame; for swulge on swaþule, see 81 ff. 782b. Swēġ: masc. nom.sg., sound. āstāg: pret. 3sg. of ā-stīgan, st.1, to arise. 783a. nīwe: adj., masc. nom.sg., unheard of [new]. ġeneahhe: adv., enough, very. 783b. Norð-Denum: dat. of Norð-Dene, masc. pl., ‘North-Dane’. stōd: pret. 3sg. of standan, st.6, to arise, start. 784a. atelīċ: adj., masc. nom.sg., hideous, dire. eġesa: wk. masc. nom.sg., horror; eġesa standan is a collocation. 784b. ānra ġehwylcum: ‘to each of ones’. ānra: masc. gen.pl. of ān, ‘one’. ġehwylcum: masc. dat.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each, every (one). 785a. þāra þe: (of those) who; þāra: gen. pl.; the formal antecedent is ānra; cf. 98b. of: prep., w.dat., from. wealle: dat.sg. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’; see Com. 785b. wōp: masc. acc.sg., weeping. ġehӯrdon: pret. 3pl. of ġehȳran, wk.1, to hear; w.acc. & inf. 786a. gryre-lēoð: neut. acc.sg., ‘terrible song’. galan: st.6, to sing, bewail. 786b. Godes: gen. of God. andsacan: acc.sg. of and-saca, wk. masc., enemy, adversary.

66

790

siġe-lēasne sang, sār wāniġean

敗北の歌を、 傷の痛みに泣くのを

helle hæfton. Hēold hine fæste

地獄の囚人が。 彼 (G) をしっかと掴まえた、

sē þe manna wæs mæġene strenġest

人間の中で 最も力が強い者 (B) が、

on þǣm dæġe þysses līfes.

790

その頃 この世で。

787a. siġe-lēasne: masc. acc.sg. of siġe-lēas, adj., ‘victory-less’, defeated. sang: masc. acc.sg., ‘song’. 787b. sār: neut. / fem. acc.sg., ‘sore’, wound. wāniġean: = wānian: wk.2, to bewail [G. weinen]. 788a. helle: fem. gen.sg., ‘hell’. hæfton: acc.sg. of hæ ft, wk. masc., captive; helle hæ fton = L. captivus inferni; possibly with a late Kentish form -on for normal -an. 788b. Hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’. hine: him: acc. fæste: adv., ‘fast’, firmly. 789a. sē þe: rel., he who. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 789b. mæġene: dat.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., strength [main]. strenġest: nom.sg., supl. of strang, adj., ‘strong’. 790a. þǣm: the, that: masc. dat.sg. dæġe: dat.sg. of dæ ġ, masc., ‘day’. 790b. þysses: neut. gen.sg. of þis, this. līfes: gen.sg. of līf, neut., ‘life’; on þǣ m dæ ġe þisses līfes ‘at that time, in those days in this world’; the same line as 197.

67

・XII・

XII

Nolde eorla hlēo ǣniġe þinga

795

800

 貴族の保護者は望まなかった、 どんなこがあっても、

þone cwealm-cuman cwicne forlǣtan,

殺人者の客を 生かしたまま放免するのを、

nē his līf-dagas lēoda ǣniġum

また彼 (G) の生涯を 国民の誰にとっても

nytte tealde. Þǣr ġenehost bræġd

有益とも思わなかった。 その時しきりに

eorl Bēowulfes ealde lāfe,

795

ベーオウルフの武士たちは 伝来の刀を振るって、

wolde frēa-drihtnes feorh ealgian,

主君の命を 守ろうと思った、

mǣres þēodnes, ðǣr hīe meahton swā.

名高き武将の、 もしそうできることなら。

Hīe þæt ne wiston, þā hīe ġewin drugon,

彼らは知らなかった、 彼らが戦を企てたとき、

heard-hiċġende hilde-meċġas,

勇気のある 武士たちが

ond on healfa ġehwone hēawan þōhton,

800

そして四方八方から 切りつけようと思ったとき、

sāwle sēċan: þone syn-sċaðan

命を奪おうと （思ったとき）、 罪人を、

ǣniġ ofer eorþan, īrenna cyst,

この世のいかなる 最も優れた刀も、

gūð-billa nān grētan nolde,

どんな戦刀も、 傷つけようとせず、

791a. Nolde: would not: pret. 3sg. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc, nobleman. hlēo: masc., protector. 791b. ǣniġe þinga, ‘in any way’. ǣniġe: fem. acc.sg. of ǣ niġe, adj., ‘any’. þinga: gen.pl. of þing, neut., ‘thing’. 792a. þone: the. cwealm-cuman: acc.sg. of cwealm-cuma, wk. masc., ‘deadly-comer’. 792b. cwicne: masc. acc.sg. of cwic(o), adj., alive [quick]. for-lǣtan: st.7, to ‘let’, release. 793a. nē: conj., nor. līf-dagas: acc.pl. of līf-dæ ġ, masc. ‘lifeday’. 793b. lēoda: gen. of lēode, masc. pl., people. ǣniġum: masc. dat.sg. of ǣ niġ, pron., anyone. 794a. nytte: masc. acc.pl. of nyt(t), adj., useful. tealde: pret. 3sg. of tellan, wk.1, consider. 794b. Þǣr: then. ġenehost: supl. of geneahhe, adv., frequently. bræġd: pret. 3sg. of breġdan, st.3, to brandish. 795a. eorl: masc. nom.sg., nobleman, warrior (but collective here with ġenehost, roughly meaning ‘many a man…’; see Klaeber, Notes, p. 157). Bēowulfes: gen. 795b. ealde: fem. acc.sg. of eald, adj., ‘old’. lāfe: acc.sg. of lāf, fem., legacy, heirloom. 796a. wolde: ‘would’: pret. 3sg. frēa-drihtnes: gen.sg. of frēa-drihten, masc., ‘lord-lord’. 796b. feorh: neut. acc.sg., life. ealgian: wk.2, to defend. 797a. mǣres: masc. gen.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous. þēodnes: gen.sg. of þēoden, masc., prince. 797b. ðǣr: conj., if. hīe: they. meahton: pret. 3pl. of magan, pret.-pres., can; with ellipsis of ‘do’. swā: adv., ‘so’. 798a. þæt: neut. acc.sg. demon. pron., it; refers to the content after the colon in 801. ne: adv., not. wiston: pret. 3pl. of witan, pret.-pres., to know. 798b. þā: conj., when; introduces the clause up to sēċan. ġewin: neut. acc.sg., strife. drugon: pret. 3pl. of drēogan, st.2, to do; ġewin drugon, ‘fought’. 799a. heard-hiċġende: adj. (pres. part.) masc. nom.pl., ‘brave-minded’. 799b. hilde-meċġas: nom.pl. of hilde-meċġ, masc., ‘war-man’. 800a. healfa: gen.pl. of healf, fem., side [half]. ġehwone: masc. (but refers to fem. here) acc.sg. of ġehwā, pron., each; w. gen.pl. 800b. hēawan: st.7, to ‘hew’. þōhton: pret. 3pl. of þenċan, wk.1, to ‘think’; w. inf. 801a. sāwle: acc.sg. of sāwol, fem., life, ‘soul’. sēċan: wk.1, to ‘seek’, search for; for this colon see þæ t in 798a. 801b. þone: the: masc acc.sg.; before this, þæ t (conj.) is omitted. syn-sċaðan: acc.sg. of syn-sċaþa, wk. masc., ‘sin-scather’. 802a. ǣniġ: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘any’. ofer : prep., ‘over’, across. eorþan: acc.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the ‘earth’. 802b. īrenna: gen.pl. of īren, neut., ‘iron’-sword. cyst: fem. nom.sg., the best; w.gen.pl. 803a. gūð-billa: gen.pl. of guð-bil(l), neut., ‘war-bill’, sword. nān: pron., neut. nom. sg., ‘none’; w.gen.pl.; nān...nolde with less exact syntax of double negation. 803b. grētan: wk.1, to attack. nolde: ‘would not’: pret. 3sg.

68

147v

ac hē siġe-wǣpnum |forsworen hæfde,

805

eċġa ġehwylċre. Sċolde his aldor-ġedāl

810

815

彼は勝利の武器を、  呪いをかけて役立たずにしていたのを、 805

すべての刃物を。 彼の命の別れは

on ðǣm dæġe þysses līfes

今日という日の この世の、

earmlīċ wurðan, ond se ellor-gāst

惨めなものになり、 そして異界の霊 (G) は

on fēonda ġeweald feor sīðian.

悪魔どもの支配する所へと 遠く旅立つはずだった。

Ðā þæt onfunde sē þe fela ǣror

その時気づいたのだった、 以前いくたの

mōdes myrðe manna cynne,

810

心痛をもたらし 人間に対し、

fyrene ġefremede ― he [wæs] fāg wið God ―

罪を犯してきた者は ― 彼は神と不和だった―

þæt him se līċ-homa lǣstan nolde,

肉体が己に 従おうとせずに

ac hine se mōdeġa mǣġ Hyġelāces

己をその勇敢なる ヒュエラ−クの近親者が

hæfde be honda; wæs ġehwæþer ōðrum

手で掴んでいることに； 互いに憎み合った

lifiġende lāð. Līċ-sār ġebād

815

atol ǣglǣċa; him on eaxle wearð

生きている間は。 傷の痛みを味わった、 恐ろしき怪物は； 彼の肩に

804a. ac: conj., (not...) but. siġe-wǣpnum: dat.pl. of siġe-wǣ pen, neut., ‘victory-weapon’. 804b. forsworen: pp. of for-swerian, st.6, to make useless by casting a spell (on); w.dat.; see Com. hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg. 805a. eċġa: gen. pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’ (of weapon). ġehwylċre: fem. acc.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each, every (one); w.gen.pl. 805b. Sċolde: ‘should’, was to: pret. 3sg. aldor-ġedāl: neut. nom.sg., ‘life-separation’, death. 806a. ðǣm: the: masc. dat. sg. dæġe: dat.sg. of dæ ġ, masc., ‘day’. 806b. þysses: neut. gen.sg. of þis, ‘this’. līfes: gen.sg. of līf, neut., ‘life’. 807a. earmlīċ: adj., neut. nom.sg., miserable. wurðan: st.3, inf., to become; wurðan is late W-S for weorðan. 807b. se: the: masc. nom.sg. ellor-gāst: masc. nom.sg., ‘alien-spirit’ [ghost]. 808a. on: prep., w.acc., into. fēonda: gen.pl. of fēond, masc., ‘fiend’, demon. ġeweald: neut. acc.sg., power, control [G. Gewalt]. 808b. feor: adv., ‘far’. sīðian: wk.2, to travel, hurry; cf. OE sīð, journey. 809a. Ðā: adv., then. þæt (…þæt): it (…that). onfunde: pret. 3sg. of onfindan, st.3, to ‘find out’. 809b. sē þe: he who. fela: adj., acc.sg., much; w.gen.sg. (myrðe and fyrene). ǣror: adv., formerly, compar. of ǣ r, before. 810a. mōdes: gen.sg. of mōd, neut., mind, heart. myrðe: gen.sg. of myrðu, fem., trouble, affliction; see Com. 810b. manna: gen.pl. of man(n) masc., ‘man’. cynne: dat.sg. of cyn, neut., race [kin]; manna cynne, ‘to the mankind’. 811a. fyrene: gen.sg. of fyren, fem., crime, wicked deed. ġefremede: pret. 3sg. of ġefremman, wk.1, to do, perform. 811b. [wæs] : no gap in MS; supplied by Kemble. fāg: adj., masc. nom.sg., hostile, at feud with. wið: prep., w.acc., against, ‘with’. God: masc. acc., ‘God’; see Com. 812a. þæt: that; introduces the object clause. se: the: masc., nom.sg. līċ-homa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘body-covering’, body. 812b. lǣstan: wk.1, to do service. nolde: would not: pret. 3sg. 813a. ac: conj., (not...) but. hine: him: acc. se: the: masc. nom.sg. mōdeġa: wk. masc. nom.sg. of mōdiġ, adj., proud, brave [moody]. 813b. mǣġ: masc. nom.sg., kinsman. Hyġelāces: gen. of Hyġelāc, 814a. hæfde: ‘had’, held: pret. 3sg. be : prep., w.dat., ‘by’. honda: instr.-dat.sg. of hand, hond, fem., ‘hand’. 814b. ġehwæþer: pron., nom.sg., each (of two). ōðrum: masc. dat.sg. of ōðer, adj., other (one). 815a. lifiġende: while living: pres. part. of libban wk.3, to ‘live’. lāð: adj., nom.sg., ‘loathsome’, hateful. 815b. Līċ-sār: neut. acc.sg., ‘body-sore’, wound. ġebād: pret. 3sg. of ġebīdan, st.1, to endure. 816a. atol: adj., masc. nom.sg., horrible, hideous. ǣglǣċa: wk. masc. nom.sg., monster. 816b. him: him: poss. dat. eaxle: dat.sg. of eaxl, fem., shoulder [axle; G. Achsel]. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to be.

69

820

825

148r

syn-dolh sweotol, seonowe onsprungon,

大傷は紛れもなかった、 腱は飛び散り、

burston bān-locan. Bēowulfe wearð

関節は砕けた。 ベーオウルフに

gūð-hrēð ġyfeþe; sċolde Grendel þonan

戦の栄光が定められた； グレンデルはそこから

feorh-sēoc flēo[ha]n under fen-hleoðu,

820

致命傷を負って逃げることになった、 沼地の崖下に、

sēċean wyn-lēas wīċ; wiste þē ġeornor

喜びのない棲家を求めた； 一層はっきり知った、

þæt his aldres wæs ende ġegongen,

己の生命の終わりが 来てしまったのを、

dōgera dæġ-rīm. Denum eallum wearð

命数が尽きたのを。 すべてのデネの人たちに

æfter þām wæl-rǣse willa ġelumpen.

血なまぐさい戦いの後に 喜びが起こった。

Hæfde þā ġefǣlsod, sē þe ǣr feorran cōm,

825

その時清めたのだった、 遠くからやって来た者が、

snotor ond swӯð-ferhð, sele Hrōðgāres,

賢明にして勇敢な者が、 フロースガールの広間を、

ġenered wið |nīðe; niht-weorce ġefeh,

暴力から救ったのだった； 夜中の働きに歓喜した、

ellen-mǣrþum. Hæfde Ēast-Denum

英雄的行いに。 「東」デネの人たちに

Ġēat-meċġa lēod ġilp ġelǣsted;

イェーアタスの武将は 豪語を実行したのだった、

817a. syn-dolh: neut. nom.sg., ‘lasting (= huge) wound’; Jack (p. 75) ‘incurable wound’. sweotol: adj., neut. nom. sg., visible. 817b. seonowe: nom.pl. of seonu, fem., ‘sinew’. onsprungon: pret. 3pl. of on-springan, st.3, to ‘spring apart’. 818a. burston: pret. 3pl. of berstan, st.3, to ‘burst’ open. bān-locan: nom.pl. of bān-loca, wk. masc., ‘bonelocker’, joint, body. 818b. Bēowulfe: dat. of Bēowulf. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to be. gūð-hrēð: neut. nom.sg., ‘battle-glory’, victory. ġyfeþe: adj. neut. nom.sg., given, granted by fate. 819b. sċolde: ‘should’, was to: pret. 3sg. þonan: adv., ‘thence’. 820a. feorh-sēoc: adj., ‘life-sick’, mortally wounded. flēo[ha]n: st.2, to ‘flee’; MS fleon; expanded to a two-syllable word by Wrenn for metre. 820b. fen-hleoðu: acc.pl. of fen-hlið, neut., ‘fen-slope’. 821a. sēċean: wk.1, to ‘seek’, search for. wyn-lēas: adj. neut. acc.sg., ‘joy-less’. wīċ: neut. acc.sg., dwelling-place [wick, -wich; L. vicus]. 821b. wiste: pret. 3sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know. þē: ‘the’: before compar.: neut. instr. sg. ġeornor: compar. of ġeorne, adv., surely [G. gern]. 822a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. alders: gen.sg. of (e)aldor neut., life. 822b. ende: masc. nom.sg., ‘end’. ġegongen: pp. of ġegangan, ġegongan, st.7, to reach a certain point; wæ s ġegongen forms the plu-perfect ‘had come’. 823a. dōgera: gen.pl. of dōgor, neut., day. dæġ-rīm: neut. nom.sg., ‘day-number’, a lifetime. 823b. Denum: dat. of Dene. eallum: masc. dat.pl. of eal(l), adj. ‘all’. wearð: was: pret. 3sg. æfter: prep., w.dat., ‘after’. þām: the: masc. dat.sg. wæl-rǣse: dat.sg. of wæ l-rǣ s, masc., ‘murder-onslaught’. 824b. willa: wk. masc. nom.sg., joy, delight. ġelumpen: pp. of ġelimpan, st.3, to happen; wearð ġelumpen forms perfect, ‘has happened’. 825a. Hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg. þā: adv., then. ġefǣlsod: pp. of fǣ lsian, wk.2, to cleanse. 825b. sē þe: he who. ǣr: adv., before. feorran: adv., from afar. cōm: came: pret. 3sg. 826a. snotor: adj., masc. nom.sg., wise.

swӯð-ferhð: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘strong-minded’, brave.

826b.

sele: masc. acc.sg., hall.

Hrōðgāres: gen. 827a. ġenered: pp. of nerian, wk.1, to save, protect. wið: prep., w.dat., against, from. nīðe: dat. sg. of nīð, masc., violence, affliction. 827b. niht-weorce: dat.sg. of niht-weorc, neut., ‘night-work’. ġefeh: pret. 3sg. of ġefēon, st.5, to rejoice; w.dat. 828a. ellen-mǣrþum: dat.pl. of ellen-mǣ rþu, fem., ‘courage-fame’, heroic deed. 828b. Hæfde: had: aux., pret. 3sg. Ēast-Denum: dat.pl. of Ēast-Dene, masc., East-Danes. 829a. Ġēat-meċġa: gen. of Ġēat-meċġas, masc. pl., ‘Geatas-men’. lēod: masc. nom.sg., chief, prince. 829b. ġilp: neut. acc.sg., boast. ġelǣsted: pp. of ġelǣ stan, wk.1, to carry out, fulfil.

70

830

835

swylċe oncӯþðe ealle ġebētte,

830

それに苦悩も すべて癒したのだった、

inwid-sorge, þē hīe ǣr drugon

悪意からもたらされた悲しみも、 彼らがなめた

ond for þrēa-nӯdum þolian sċoldon,

そして非情な必然から なめざるをえなかった、

torn unlӯtel. Þæt wæs tācen sweotol,

少なからざる苦しみを。 そのことは明らかだった、

syþðan hilde-dēor hond āleġde,

戦に猛き人 (B) が 手を吊り上げたとき、

earm ond eaxle ― þǣr wæs eal ġeador

835

Grendles grāpe ― under ġēapne hr[ōf].

腕と肩を、 ― そこにはすべてが備わっていた、 グレンデルの握力（の源）が ― 弓なりの屋根の下に。

830a. swylċe: adv., likewise, also. oncӯþðe: acc.sg. of on-cȳð, fem., ‘un-friendship’, grief, agony. 830b. ealle: fem. acc.sg. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’. ġebētte: pret. 3sg. of ġebētan, wk.1, to improve, remedy [boot, better]. 831a. inwidsorge: acc.sg. of inwit-sorh, fem., ‘evil-sorrow’. 831b. þē: rel. particle, which, that. hīe: they. ǣr: adv., before. drugon: pret. 3pl. of drēogan, st.2, to endure, suffer. 832a. for: prep., w.dat., out of, because of. þrēa-nӯdum: dat. pl. of þrēa-nȳd, fem., ‘oppression-distress’, sad necessity. 832b. þolian: wk. 2, to suffer, endure. sċoldon: ‘should’, had to: pret. 3pl. 833a. torn: neut. acc.sg., grief, affliction. un-lӯtel: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘un-little’, great. 833b. Þæt: ‘that’, i.e. the realization of Beowulf ’s boasting: neut. nom.sg., demon. pron. tācen: neut. nom.sg., ‘token’, sign. sweotol: adj., neut. nom.sg., clear; Þæ t wæ s tācen sweotol ‘That was a clear sign = That was clearly proved’ (Klaeber, Notes, p. 158). 834a. syþðan: conj., when, after. hilde-dēor: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-brave’ one, i.e. Beowulf; noun use. 834b. hond: fem. acc.sg., ‘hand’. āleġde: pret. 3sg. of ā-leċġan, wk.1, to lay down. 835a. earm: masc. acc.sg., arm. eaxle: fem. acc.sg., shoulder; see 816b. 835b. þǣr: ‘there’, i.e. in Grendel’s wrenched hand, arm and shoulder. eal: noun. neut. nom.sg., ‘all’. ġeador: adv., ‘together’. 836a. Grendles: gen. of Grendel. grāpe: gen.sg. of grāp, fem., grip, grasp. 836b. under: prep. w.acc., ‘under’. ġēapne: masc. acc.sg. of ġēap, adj., arched, spacious. hr[ōf]: masc. acc.sg., ‘roof ’; MS h..., B hr..; supplied by Grundtvig.

71

XIII

・XIII

840

845

148v

ÐĀ wæs on morgen, mīne ġefræġe,

 やがて朝になり、 私の聞いたところでは、

ymb þā ġif-healle gūð-rinc moniġ;

贈物をする広間 (H) の周りに 多数の武士が集まった；

fērdon folc-togan feorran ond nēa[ha]n

武将たちがやって来た、 遠くからも近くからも

ġeond wīd-wegas wundor sċēawian,

840

広い範囲から 不思議なものを見るために、

lāþes lāstas. Nō his līf-ġedāl

敵の残していった跡を。  彼のこの世からの別れは決して

sārlīċ þūhte seċġa ǣneġum

悲しく思われなかった、 誰にも、

þāra þe tīr-lēases trode sċēawode,

栄光を失った者 (G) の 足跡を見た者には、

hū hē wēriġ-mōd on weġ þanon,

いかに彼が心萎えて そこから去って行ったかを、

nīða ofercumen, on nicera mere

845

闘いに負けて 水棲の獣のいる湖に

fǣġe ond ġeflӯmed feorh-lāstas bær.

死ぬ運命で敗走させられ、  消え去る命の道をたどったかを。

Ðǣr wæs on blōde brim weallende,

そこ〔湖〕では血で 水が沸き出していた、

atol ӯða ġeswing eal ġemenġed,

ぞっとする波の渦巻が、 すっかり混じり合い、

hāton heolfre, |heoro-drēore wēol;

熱い血潮と、 戦の血で沸き返っていた；

837a. ÐĀ: adv., then. on: prep., w.acc., toward. morgen: masc. acc.sg., ‘morning’. 837b. mīne ġefræġe: ‘as I have heard tell’; also in 776b. 838a. ymb: prep., w.acc., around. þā: the: fem. acc.sg. ġif-healle: acc.sg. of ġif-heal, fem., ‘gift-hall’. 838b. gūð-rinc: masc. nom.sg., warrior. moniġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘many’ a; w.sg. 839a. fērdon: pret. 3pl. of fēran, wk.1, to ‘fare’, go. folc-togan: nom.pl. of folc-toga, wk. masc., ‘folk-leader’, chief. 839b. feorran: adv., from afar. nēa[ha]n: adv., from near; MS nean; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 840a. ġeond: prep., w.acc., throughout. wīd-wegas: masc. acc.pl., ‘wide-ways’, far-regions. 840b. wundor: neut. acc.sg., ‘wonder’. sċēawian: wk.2, to look at [show]. 841a. lāþes: masc. gen.sg. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’ (one); foe. lāstas: acc.pl. of lāst, masc., track, path. 841b. Nō: adv., not at all, never. līf-ġedāl: neut. nom.sg., ‘life-separation’, death. 842a. sārlīċ: adj., neut. nom.sg., sad [sore, -ly]. þūhte: pret. 3sg. of þynċan, wk.1, to seem. 842b. seċġa: gen.pl. of seċġ, masc., man. ǣneġum: masc. dat.sg. of ǣ niġ, pron., ‘any’. 843a. þāra þe: who; þāra, gen.pl.; with seċġa as its antecedent; this like relative clause takes either a sg. verb as here (sċēawode), 996b or a pl. as in 98b, 785; M & R are confused. tīr-lēases: masc. gen.sg. of tīr-lēas, adj., inglorious (one), i.e. Grendel; [G. Zier-; -less]. 843b. trode: acc. sg. of trodu, fem., track, footprint; cf. tredan ‘to tread’. sċēawode: pret. 3sg. of sċēawian, wk.2, to look at; cf. 840b. 844a. hū: conj., ‘how’. wēriġ-mōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘weary mind’. 844b. on weġ: away. þanon: adv., ‘thence’. 845a. nīða: gen.pl. of nīð, masc., battle; w.instr. sense ‘by battles’. ofercumen: pp. of ofer-cuman, st.4, to ‘overcome’. 845b. on: prep., w.acc., into. nicera: gen.pl. of nicor, masc., water-monster. mere: masc. acc.sg., pool, lake or sea [G. Meer]; see Com. 846a. fǣġe: adj., masc. nom.sg., doomed to die. ġeflӯmed: masc. nom.sg., pp. of ġeflȳman, wk.1, to put to flight. 846b. feorh-lāstas: acc.pl. of feorh-lāst, masc., ‘(vanishing) life-track’. bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 847a. Ðǣr: adv., ‘there’. on: prep., w.dat., in. blōde: dat.sg. of blōd, neut., ‘blood’. 847b. brim: neut. nom.sg., water (of sea or lake). weallende: pres. part. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’ up. 848a. atol: adj., neut. nom.sg., horrible; cf. 816a. ӯða: gen.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. ġeswing: neut. nom.sg., swirl. 848b. eal: ‘all’: neut. nom.sg. ġemenġed: pp., neut. nom.sg. of menġan, wk.1, to mingle, stir. 849a. hāton: = -an: wk. masc. dat.sg. of hāt, adj., ‘hot’; see 577b mannon. heolfre: dat.sg. of heolfor, masc. / neut., blood, gore. 849b. heoro-drēore: dat.sg. of heoro-drēor, masc. / neut., ‘sword-blood’. wēol: pret. 3sg. of weallan, st.7; see 847b.

72

850

dēað-fǣġe dēog, siððan drēama lēas,

850

in fen-freoðo feorh āleġde,

沼地の隠れ家に 命を投げ棄てたとき、

hǣþene sāwle; þǣr him hel onfēng.

異教の魂を； その時地獄が彼を受け入れた。

Þanon eft ġewiton eald-ġesīðas

 そこから戻った、 老臣たちは、

swylċe ġeong maniġ of gomen-wāþe, 855

860

死を定められた者が身を隠したのだった、 喜びを奪われて

多数の若者も 楽しい旅から、

fram mere mōdġe mēarum rīdan,

855

湖から勇士たちは 馬に乗って、

beornas on blancum. Ðǣr wæs Bēowulfes

白馬にまたがって武士たちは。 その時ベーオウルフの

mǣrðo mǣned; moniġ oft ġecwæð,

手柄が物語られた； 多数の者がしばしば公言した、

þætte sūð nē norð be sǣm twēonum

南でも北でも 海と海の間の

ofer eormen-grund ōþer nǣniġ

広大な地上で 他に一人もいないと

under sweġles begong sēlra nǣre

860

広い天の下で （彼以上に）優れている者は、

rond-hæbbendra, rīċes wyrðra.

楯持つ武士の中で、 王国を受くるに値する者は。

Nē hīe hūru wine-drihten wiht ne lōgon,

とはいえ彼らは親愛なる主君を 少しも非難しなかった、

850a. dēað-fǣġe: adj., nom.sg., ‘death-doomed’ (one), fated to die. dēog: pret. 3sg. of dēagan, st.7, conceal (himself). 850b. siððan: conj. when. drēama: gen.pl. of drēam, masc., joy, bliss [dream]. lēas: adj., nom.sg., devoid of, without [-less]; w.gen. 851a. in: prep., w.acc., into. fen-freoðo: wk. fem. acc.sg., ‘fen-refuge’. 851b. feorh: neut. acc.sg., life. āleġde: pret. 3sg. of ā-leċġan, wk.1, to lay down. 852a. hǣþene: fem. acc.sg. of hǣ ðen, adj., ‘heathen’. sāwle: acc.sg. of sāwol, fem., ‘soul’, life. 852b. þǣr: adv., ‘there’, then. hel: fem. nom.sg., ‘hell’. onfēng: pret. 3sg. of on-fōn, st.7, to receive, accept; w.dat. (him). 853a. Þanon: adv., ‘thence’. eft: adv., again, back. ġewiton: pret. 3pl. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart, go. 853b. eald-ġesīðas: nom.pl. of eald-ġesīð, masc., ‘oldretainer’. 854a. swylċe: adv., also. ġeong: adj., nom.sg., ‘young’ (one). maniġ: adj., nom.sg., ‘many’ a. 854b. of: prep., w.dat., from. gomen-wāþe: dat.sg. of gomen-wāþ, fem., joyous journey [game]. 855a. fram: prep., w.dat., ‘from’. mere: masc. dat.sg., lake, sea [mere; G. Meer]. mōdġe: masc. nom.pl. of mōdiġ, adj., proud, brave (one) [moody]. 855b. mēarum: dat.pl. of mearh, masc., horse, steed [mare]. rīdan: st.1, to ‘ride’. 856a. beornas: nom. pl. of beorn, masc., man, warrior. blancum: dat.pl. of blanca, wk. masc., white (horse) [blank]. 856b. Ðǣr: adv., ‘there’, then. Bēowulfes: gen. of Bēowulf. 857a. mǣrðo: fem. nom.sg., glory. mǣned: pp. of mǣ nan, wk.1, to speak of, tell. 857b. moniġ: adj., masc. nom.sg.; see 854a. oft: adv., ‘often’. ġecwæð: pret. 3sg. of ġecweðan, st.5, to say.

858a.

þætte: conj., that.

sūð: adv., ‘south’, southwards.

norð: adv., ‘north’, northwards.

858b.

be...twēonum: ‘between’: prep., w.dat. sǣm: dat.pl. of sǣ , masc., ‘sea’. twēonum: between: dat.pl. of twēone, two; always with be sǣ m, ‘between the seas’ = on earth; also in 1297b, 1685b, 1956b. 859a. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. eormen-grund: masc. acc.sg., ‘spacious ground’. 859b. ōþer: masc. nom.sg., other. nǣniġ: masc. nom.sg., no one, none. 860a. sweġles: gen.sg. of sweġl, neut., sky, heaven. begong: acc.sg. of be-gang, masc., expanse. 860b. sēlra: better, superior: compar., masc. nom.sg. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. nǣre: = ne wǣ re: pret. subj. 3sg. neg. of wesan, st.5, to be. 861a. rond-hæbbendra: gen.pl. of rond-hæ bbend(e), masc., (pres. part.), ‘shield-bearer’, warrior. 861b. rīċes: gen.sg. of rīċe, neut., kingdom [G. Reich]. wyrðra: compar., masc. nom.sg. of wyrðe, adj., worthy (of); w.gen. 862a. hīe: they. hūru: adv., however. wine-drihten: masc. acc.sg., friendly lord. 862b. wiht ne: ‘in no way, not at all’. lōgon: pret. 3pl. of lēan, st.6, to blame; see Com.

73

865

870

149r

875

glædne Hrōðgār, ac þæt wæs gōd cyning.

慈悲深いフロースガール王を、 立派な王だったので。

Hwīlum heaþo-rōfe hlēapan lēton,

時には戦に猛しい者たちは 駆けさせ、

on ġeflit faran fealwe mēaras,

865

競走させた、 栗毛の馬を、

ðǣr him fold-wegas fæġere þūhton,

彼らに地面の道が ふさわしく思えた所では、

cystum cūðe. Hwīlum cyninges þeġn,

絶好の場所と知られている。 また時には王の近侍の、

guma ġilp-hlæden, ġidda ġemyndiġ,

誇り高い人は、 歌を覚えていて、

sē ðe eal-fela eald-ġeseġena

夥しい数の 古い言い伝えを

worn ġemunde, word ōþer fand

870

沢山諳んじている人は、 次々と言葉を見つけた、

sōðe ġebunden; seċġ eft ongan

正しく（頭韻で）連なった； 彼は今度は始めた

sīð Bēowulfes snyttrum |styrian,

ベーオウルフの遠征を 巧みに朗唱し、

ond on spēd wrecan spel ġerāde,

上手に語ることを、 よくできた物語を、

wordum wrixlan. Wēl-hwylċ ġecwæð,

言葉を入れ換えて。 （彼は）すべてを語った、

þæt hē fram Siġemunde[s] seċġan hӯrde,

875

彼がスィエムンドについて 伝え聞いたことを、

863a. glædne: masc. acc.sg. of glæ d, adj., gracious [glad]. Hrōðgār: acc. 863b. ac: conj., (not...) but. þæt: that one, he: neut. nom.sg.; the same clause is used in 11b, etc. gōd: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘good’. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 864a. Hwīlum: sometimes, at times: dat.pl. of hwīl, fem. heaþo-rōfe: masc. nom.pl. of heaþo-rōf, adj., ‘battle-brave’. 864b. hlēapan: st.7, to ‘leap’, gallop. lēton: pret. 3pl. of lǣ tan, st.7, to ‘let’, allow. 865a. on: prep., w.acc., into. ġeflit: neut. acc.sg., contest, rivalry. faran: st.6, to ‘fare’, travel. 865b. fealwe: masc. acc.pl. of fealu, adj., ‘fallow’, yellow-green, bay. mēaras: acc.pl. of mearh, masc., horse [mare]. 866a. ðǣr: rel. adv., (in the place) where. him: them: dat. fold-wegas: nom.pl. of fold-weġ, masc., ground-way, path. 866b. fæġere: masc. nom.pl. of fæ ġer, adj., ‘fair’, attractive (as racing tracks); Prof. S. Ono (1996) takes the meaning to be ‘flat’. þūhton: pret. 3pl. of þynċan, wk.1, to seem, appear. 867a. cystum: dat.pl. of cyst, fem., choice, the best (of its class). cūðe: masc. nom.pl. of cūð, adj., well known. 867b. Hwīlum: see 864a. cyninges: gen.sg. of cyning; see 863b. þeġn: masc. nom.sg., ‘thane’, retainer. 868a. guma: wk. masc., nom.sg., man. ġilp-hlæden: adj. (pp.), boast-laden, proud. 868b. ġidda: gen.pl. of ġid(d), neut., song, story. ġemyndiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., mindful (of); w.gen. 869a. sē ðe: rel. pron., who. eal-fela: adj. (indeclinable), acc., a great many. 869b. eald-ġeseġena: gen.pl. of eald-ġeseġen, fem., ‘old story’, ancient legend. 870a. worn: masc. acc.sg., a large number; w.gen.pl. ġemunde: pret. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember. 870b. word: neut. acc.pl., ‘word’. ōþer: adj,. neut. acc.pl., ‘other’. fand: pret. 3sg. of findan, st.3, to devise, ‘find’. 871a. sōðe: adv., truly. ġebunden: neut. acc.pl., pp. of bindan st.3, to ‘bind’; see Com. 871b. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., man, warrior. eft: adv., again, in turn. ongan: pret. 3sg. of on-ġinnan, st.3, to ‘begin’. 872a. sīð: masc. acc.sg., expedition. Bēowulfes: gen. of Bēowulf. 872b. snyttrum: dat.pl. of snyttru, wk. fem., wisdom, skill; adverbial. styrian: wk.1, inf., to ‘stir’ up, recite. 873a. on: prep., w.acc., into. spēd: fem. acc.sg., success [speed]. wrecan: st.5, to recite. 873b. spel: neut. acc.sg., tale, story. ġerāde: wk. neut. acc.sg. of ġerād, adj., skillful, appropriate. 874a. wordum: neut. dat.pl., word. wrixlan: wk.1, to change; see Com. 874b. Wēlhwylċ: pron., neut. acc.sg., everything. ġecwæð: pret. 3sg. of ġecweðan, st.5, to speak, say. 875a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. fram: prep., w.dat., of, concerning. Siġemunde[s]: gen.sg. of Siġemund, masc., legendary hero; modifies ellendǣ dum; MS sigemunde; emended by Grein; see Com. 875b. seċġan: wk.3, to ‘say’. hӯrde: pret. 3sg. of hȳran, wk.1, to hear; seċġan hȳrde, ‘had heard tell’.

74

880

ellen-dǣdum, uncūþes fela,

武勇の業について、 （即ち）幾多の恐ろしい事柄、

Wælsinges ġewin, wīde sīðas,

ウェルスの息子 (S) の戦い、 彼方への遠征を、

þāra þe gumena bearn ġearwe ne wiston,

人の子らが 少しも知らなかったことを、

fǣhðe ond fyrena, būton Fitela mid hine,

戦いと罪業を、 いつも彼と一緒にいたフィテラ以外は、

þonne hē swulċes hwæt seċġan wolde,

880

ēa[ha]m his nefan, swā hīe ā wǣron

叔父 (S) が甥 (F) に、 彼らはいつも

æt nīða ġehwām nӯd-ġesteallan;

どの戦いでも 戦友だったので；

hæfdon eal-fela eotena cynnes

（彼らは）とても多くの 巨人族を

sweordum ġesǣġed. Siġemunde ġesprong 885

彼 (S) がそうしたことを 話そうと思ったとき、

剣で倒したことがあった。 スィエムンドには生じた

æfter dēað-dæġe dōm unlӯtel,

885

死後に 少なからざる誉れが、

syþðan wīġes heard wyrm ācwealde,

戦に猛き者 (S) が 龍を殺してからは、

hordes hyrde; hē under hārne stān,

宝庫の番人を。 彼は灰色の崖の下で、

æþelinges bearn āna ġenēðde

貴人の子は 一人で敢えてなした

876a. ellen-dǣdum: dat.pl. of ellen-dǣ d, fem., ‘valour-deed’. 876b. uncūþes: neut. gen.sg. of un-cūð, adj., unknown, awful (thing) [uncouth]. fela: acc.sg., many; w.gen. 877a. Wælsinges: gen. of Wæ lsing, masc., son of Wæls, i.e. Sigemund [cf. ON Vǫlsungr]. ġewin: neut. acc.sg., hardship, fight. 877b. wīde: masc. acc.pl. of wīd, adj., ‘wide’, extended. sīðas: acc.pl. of sīð, masc., journey, expedition. 878a. þāra þe: (any) of which: þāra, partit. gen. pl.; its antecedent is sīðas. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. bearn: neut. / masc. nom.sg., child [bairn]. 878b. ġearwe: adv., entirely. wiston: pret. 3pl. of witan, pret.-pres., to know [wit]. 879a. fǣhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’, enmity. fyrena: acc.pl. of fyren, fem., crime, wicked deed. 879b. būton: prep., w.dat., except [but]. Fitela: wk. masc. dat., nephew of Sigemund; ON Sinfjǫtli; see Com. mid: prep., w.acc., with. hine: ‘him’: acc. 880a. þonne: conj., whenever. swulċes: late form of swylces: neut. gen.sg. of swylċ, pron., ‘such’. hwæt: neut. acc. sg., something. 880b. seċġan: wk.3, to ‘say’. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’. 881a. ēa[ha]m: masc. nom. sg., maternal uncle; MS eam; expanded by Wrenn for metre. nefan: dat.sg. of nefa, wk. masc., ‘nephew’. 881b. swā: conj., as. hīe: they. ā: adv., always. wǣron: ‘were’: pret. 3pl. of wesan, st.5. 882a. nīða: gen.pl. of nīð, masc., war. ġehwām: masc. dat.sg. of hwā, pron., each. 882b. nӯd-ġesteallan: nom.pl. of nȳd-ġestealla, wk. masc., comrade in battle. 883a. hæfdon: pret. 3pl. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. eal-fela: adj., acc., a great many; also in 869a. 883b. eotena: gen.pl. of eoten, masc., giant. cynnes: gen.sg. of cyn, neut., race, tribe. 884a. sweordum: dat. pl. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. ġesǣġed: pp. of sǣ ġan, wk.1, to slay. 884b. Siġemunde: dat of Siġemund; see 875a. ġesprong: pret. 3sg. of ġespringan, st.3, to arise [spring]. 885a. dēað-dæġe: dat.sg. of dēað-dæ ġ, masc., ‘death day’. 885b. dōm: masc. nom.sg., glory. un-lӯtel: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘un-little’, great. 886a. syþðan: conj., ‘since’. wīġes : gen.sg. of wīġ, neut. / masc., battle, fight. heard: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘hard’, strong. 886b. wyrm: masc. acc.sg., serpent, dragon [worm]. ācwealde: pret. 3sg. of ā-cwellan, wk.1, to put to death. 887a. hordes: gen.sg. of hord, neut., ‘hoard’, treasure. hyrde: masc. acc.sg., guardian [herd]. 887b. hārne: masc. acc.sg. of hār, adj., ‘hoary’, grey. stān: masc. acc.sg., ‘stone’, rock. 888a. æþelinges: gen.sg. of æ þeling, masc., prince, hero. bearn: neut. / masc. nom.sg., child. 888b. āna: wk. masc. nom.sg. of ān ‘one’; alone, only. ġenēðde: pret. 3sg. of ġenēþan, wk.1, to undertake.

75

frēċne dǣde, ne wæs him Fitela mid; 890

894 149v

危険な行いを； フィテラは彼と一緒ではなかった；

hwæþre him ġesǣlde, ðæt þæt swurd þurhwōd

890

wrǣtlīċne wyrm, þæt hit on wealle ætstōd,

模様のある龍を、 そのためその剣は岩に突き刺さった、

dryhtlīċ īren; draca morðre swealt.

立派な鉄剣は； 龍は斬られて死んだ。

Hæfde āglǣċa elne ġegongen,

英雄は 勇気によって可能にした、

þæt hē bēah-hordes brūcan mōste

彼が宝庫を 楽しむことができることを、

selfes dōme; |sǣ-bāt ġehleōd,

895

自分の意のままに； 海舟に積み込んだ、

bær on bearm sċipes beorhte frætwa,

舟の懐に運んだ、 輝く飾り物を、

Wælses eafera; wyrm hāt ġemealt.

ウェルスの息子は； 龍は （己の）熱で溶けた。

Sē wæs wreċċena wīde mǣrost

 彼は冒険者の中で 誰よりも一番名高かった、

ofer wer-þēode, wīġendra hlēo, 900

しかし彼に起こった、 剣が刺し貫いたことが、

諸国民の間で、 武士たちの守護者は、

ellen-dǣdum ― hē þæs ǣr onðāh ―,

900

siððan Heremōdes hild sweðrode,

武勇の業により  ― 彼はそれで非常に栄えたのだった ― ヘレモードの 武勇が衰えた後では、

889a. frēċne: adj., fem. acc.sg., daring. dǣde: acc.sg. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’. 889b. ne: adv., not. Fitela: wk. masc. nom.sg.; see 879b. mid: prep., w.dat., with; postpositioned. 890a. hwæþre: adv., however. him: ‘him’: dat. ġesǣlde: pret. 3sg. of ġesǣ lan, wk.1, to happen. 890b. ðæt: conj., ‘that’. þæt: the, that: neut. nom.sg. swurd: = sweord: neut. nom.sg., ‘sword’; with late West-Saxon wu- for weo-, also in 539a, 1901a. þurhwōd: pret. 3sg. of þurh-wadan, st.6, to ‘wade through’, penetrate. 891a. wrǣtlīċne: masc. acc.sg. of wrǣ tlīċ, adj., ornamented. wyrm: see 886b. 891b. þæt: conj., so that. hit: ‘it’, i.e. swurd: neut. nom.sg. wealle: dat.sg. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’. ætstōd: pret. 3sg. of æ t-standan, st.6, to stand still. 892a. dryhtlīċ: adj., neut. nom.sg., lordly, splendid. īren: neut. nom.sg., ‘iron’-sword. 892b. draca: wk. masc. nom.sg., dragon. morðre: dat.sg. of morðor, neut., slaying [murder]. swealt: pret. 3sg. of sweltan, st.3, to die. 893a. Hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, aux. āglǣċa: wk. masc. nom.sg., hero, fierce combatant. 893b. elne: dat.sg. of ellen, neut., courage. ġegongen: pp. of ġegongan, st.7, to bring about; with þæ t-clause. 894a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. bēah-hordes: gen.sg. of bēag-hord, neut., ‘treasurehoard’. 894b. brūcan: st.2, to enjoy; w.gen. mōste: pret. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., can. 895a. selfes dōme: ‘at his own choice’ (Wrenn’s Com). selfes: masc. gen.sg. of ‘self ’. dōme: dat.sg. of dōm, masc., choice. 895b. sǣ-bāt: masc. acc.sg., ‘sea-boat’. ġehleōd: = -hlōd: pret. 3sg. of ġehladan, st.6, to ‘lade’, load. 896a. bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry. bearm: masc. acc.sg., bosom. sċipes: gen.sg. of sċip, neut., ‘ship’. 896b. beorhte: fem. acc.pl. of beorht, adj., ‘bright’. frætwa: acc. of fræ twe, fem. pl., ornaments. 897a. Wælses: gen.sg. of Wæ ls, masc., father of Sigemund. eafera: wk. masc. nom.sg., son, child. 897b. wyrm: masc. nom.sg., serpent, dragon [worm]. hāt: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘hot’. ġemealt: pret. 3sg. of ġemeltan, st.3, to ‘melt’. 898a. Sē: that one, he, i.e. Sigemund: masc. nom.sg. wreċċena: gen.pl. of wreċċa, wk. masc., adventurer, hero. 898b. wīde: adv., ‘widely’. mǣrost: supl. of mǣ re, adj., well-known. 899a. ofer: prep., w.acc., across. wer-þēode: acc.pl. of wer-þēod, fem., ‘mannation’; inhabited world (Wrenn’s Com). 899b. wīġendra: gen.pl. of wīġend, masc., warrior. hlēo: masc. nom.sg., protector. 900a. ellen-dǣdum: dat.pl. of ellen-dǣ d, fem., ‘valour-deed’. 900b. þæs: therefore. ǣr: adv., before: forms pluperfect with pret. onðāh: pret. 3sg. of on-ðēon, st.1, to prosper. 901a. siððan: conj., when: see Com. Heremōdes: gen.sg. of Heremōd, masc., former Danish king. 901b. hild: fem. nom.sg., valour. sweðrode: pret. 3sg. of sweðrian, wk.2, to subside.

76

905

910

e[a]foð ond ellen. Hē mid Ēotenum wearð

力と勇気が。 彼 (H) はエーオテナスにあったとき

on fēonda ġeweald forð forlācen,

敵の手中に 裏切られて落ち、

snūde forsended. Hine sorh-wylmas

すぐに処刑された。 彼を沸き返る悩みが

lemede tō lange; hē his lēodum wearð,

905

余りに長く苦しめたのだった；  彼は彼の国民にとって、

eallum æþellingum tō aldor-ceare;

すべての貴人にとって  大変な心配の種になった；

swylċe oft bemearn ǣrran mǣlum

それにまた時々嘆いたことがあった、 それより以前に

swīð-ferhþes sīð snotor ċeorl moniġ,

豪胆な人 (H) の追放を 多くの賢人たちは、

sē þe him bealwa tō bōte ġelӯfde

彼に悲惨な境遇から 救われることを願っていたので、

þæt þæt ðēodnes bearn ġeþēon sċolde,

910

国王の若君が 栄えることを、

fæder-æþelum onfōn, folc ġehealdan,

父の王位を継ぎ、 国民を保護することを、

hord ond hlēo-burh, hæleþa rīċe,

宝庫と砦を、 武士らの王国を、

ēðel Sċyldinga. Hē þǣr eallum wearð

シュルディンガスの（国を）。 彼 (B) はその時すべての 者にとって、 ヒュエラ−クの近親者 (B) は 人類〔誰〕にとっても、

mǣġ Hiġelāces, manna cynne,

902a. e[a]foð: neut. nom.sg., strength; MS earfoð; emended by Grimm. ellen: neut. nom.sg., courage. 902b. mid: prep., among. Ēotenum: = Ēotum: dat. of Ēota(n), wk. masc. pl., Jutes; see Com. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to be. 903a. on: prep., w.acc., into. fēonda: gen.pl. of fēond, masc., enemy [fiend]. ġeweald: neut., acc.sg., power [G. Gewalt]. 903b. forð: adv., henceforth. forlācen: pp. of for-lācan, st.7, to betray. 904a. snūde: adv., immediately. forsended: pp. of for-sendan, wk.1, to ‘send away’, put to death. 904b. Hine: him: acc. sorhwylmas: nom.pl. of sorh-wylm, masc., ‘sorrow-welling’. 905a. lemede: pret. 3sg. (for pl.) of lemman, wk.1, to oppress. tō: adv., ‘too’. lange: adv., ‘long’. 905b. lēodum: dat. of lēode, pl., people. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, with tō, to become, prove a source of. 906a. eallum: masc. dat.pl. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’. æþellingum: dat.pl. of æ þeling, masc., prince, hero. 906b. aldor-ceare: dat.sg. of (e)aldor-cearu, fem., ‘life-care’, life-long anxiety. 907a. swylċe: adv., likewise, also. oft: adv., ‘often’. bemearn: pret. 3sg. of be-murnan, st.3, to ‘mourn’, bewail. 907b. ǣrran: neut. dat.pl. of ǣ rra, adj., compar., earlier. mǣlum: dat.pl. of mǣ l, neut., time. 908a. swīð-ferhþes: masc. gen.sg. of swīð-ferhþ, adj., strong-minded (one). sīð: masc. acc.sg., expedition. 908b. snotor: adj., masc. nom.sg., wise. ċeorl: masc. nom.sg., man [churl]. moniġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘many’ a. 909a. sē þe: he who: agrees with the antecedent ċeorl. bealwa: gen.pl. of bealo, bealu, neut., misery [bale]. 909b. tō: prep., from (him); postpositioned. bōte: acc.sg. of bōt, fem., relief [boot]. ġelӯfde: pret. 3sg. of ġelȳfan, wk.1, to expect [believe]. 910a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the clause modifying bōte. þæt: that, the: neut. nom.sg. ðēodnes: gen.sg. of þēoden, masc., prince, king. bearn: neut. nom.sg., son, child. 910b. ġeþēon: st.1, to prosper. sċolde: was to, ‘should’: pret. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres. 911a. fæder-æþelum: dat. of fæ der-æ þelu, neut. pl., ‘paternal rights’. onfōn: st.7, to receive, take; w.dat. 911b. folc: neut. acc.sg., ‘folk’, people. ġehealdan: st.7, to ‘hold’, rule. 912a. hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘hoard’. hlēo-burh: fem. acc.sg., ‘protection-borough’, stronghold. 912b. hæleþa: gen.pl. of hæ le, hæ leð, masc., man. rīċe: neut. acc.sg., kingdom. 913a. ēðel: masc. acc.sg., homeland. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 913b. þǣr: adv., then. eallum: neut. dat.sg. of eal(l), ‘all’ (the people). wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 914a. mǣġ: masc. nom.sg., kinsman. Hiġelāces: gen. of Hiġelāc. 914b. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. cynne: dat.sg. of cyn, neut., race [kin]; eallum...manna cynne ‘to everybody’.

77

915

frēondum ġefæġra; hine fyren onwōd.

915

友らにとってより親しき者となった； 罪業が彼 (H) に とりついたのだった。

Hwīlum flītende fealwe strǣte 150r

920

 彼らは時折競走しながら 黄土の道を

mēarum mǣton. Ðā wæs morgen-lēoht

馬に乗ってたどった。 その時朝の光りが

sċofen ond sċynded. |Ēode sċealc moniġ

押し出され急がされた。 大勢の家来は向かった、

swīð-hiċġende tō sele þām hēan

意思の強い人たちは あの高殿に

searo-wundor sēon; swylċe self cyning

920

珍しい不思議なものを見ようと； 王ご自身も

of brӯd-būre, bēah-horda weard,

婦人部屋から、 宝の守護者、

tryddode tīr-fæst ġetrume miċle,

誉れ高き方も出られた 多数の侍従と共に、

cystum ġecӯþed, ond his cwēn mid him

優れた評判の方も、 それに彼の妃も一緒に

medo-stiġġe mæt mæġþa hōse.

酒宴への道をたどられた、 侍女の一団と共に。

915a. frēondum: dat.pl. of frēond, masc., ‘friend’. ġefæġra: compar. of ġefæ ġ(en), adj., pleasing, dear; ‘dearer (than Heremod)’. 915b. hine: ‘him’: acc. fyren: fem. nom.sg., crime, sin. onwōd: pret. 3sg. of on-wadan, st.6, to take possession of. 916a. Hwīlum: sometimes: dat.pl. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’; adverbial. flītende: pres. part., masc. nom. pl. of flītan, st.1, to contend, compete. 916b. fealwe: fem. acc.sg. of fealu, adj., ‘fallow’, yellow or glinting. strǣte: acc.sg. of strǣ t, fem., ‘street’. 917a. mēarum: dat.pl. of mearh, masc., horse, steed [mare]. mǣton: pret. 3pl. of metan, st.5, to measure, traverse. 917b. Ðā: adv., then. morgen-lēoht: neut. nom.sg., ‘morning-light’. 918a. sċofen: pp. of sċūfan, st.2, to shove. sċynded: pp. of sċyndan, wk.1, to hasten. 918b. Ēode: pret. 3sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’; w. inf. sċealc: masc. nom.sg., warrior, retainer. moniġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘many’ a. 919a. swīðhiċġende: adj. (pres. part.), masc. nom.sg., ‘brave-hearted’. 919b. sele: masc. dat.sg., hall. þām: the: masc. dat.sg. hēan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of hēah, adj., ‘high’. 920a. searo-wundor: neut. acc.sg., wondrous thing. sēon: st.5, inf., to ‘see’. 920b. swylċe: adv., likewise, also. self: refl. pron., masc. nom.sg., ‘self ’; appositive to cyning. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 921a. of: prep., w.dat., from. brȳd-būre: dat.sg. of brȳd-būr, masc., ‘bride-bower’, women’s apartment. 921b. bēah-horda: gen.pl. of bēag-hord, neut., ‘treasure-hoard’. weard: masc. nom.sg., guardian [ward]. 922a. tryddode: pret. 3sg. of treddian, wk.2, to step, go forth [tread]. tīr-fæst: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘gloryfast’, glorious. 922b. ġetrume: instr.-dat.sg. of ġetrum, neut., troop. miċle: neut. instr.sg. of miċel, adj., great [much]. 923a. cystum: dat.pl. of cyst, fem., excellence. ġecȳþed: pp. of ġecȳðan, wk.1, to make known. 923b. cwēn: fem. nom.sg., ‘queen’. mid: prep., w.dat., with. 924a. medo-stiġġe: acc.sg. of medo-stiġ, fem., ‘mead(-hall)path’. mæt: pret. 3sg. of metan, st.5, to cross [mete]. 924b. mæġþa: gen.pl. of mæ ġþ, fem., ‘maiden’, woman. hōse: dat.sg. of hōs, fem., troop of attendants.

78

・XIIII・ 925

XIIII

Hrōðgār maþelode ― hē tō healle ġēong,

925

stōd on stapole, ġeseah stēapne hrōf

階段に立ち、 高い屋根をご覧になった、

golde fāhne ond Grendles hond ―:

金箔の そしてグレンデルの手を ―：

“Ðisse ansӯne Al-wealdan þanc

『この光景に対し、 全能の神に感謝が

lungre ġelimpe! Fela iċ lāþes ġebād, 930

935

 フロースガールは語った  ― 彼は館に着き、

速やかに捧げられんことを！ わしは多くの敵意を味わった、

grynna æt Grendle; ā mæġ God wyrċan

930

グレンデルから苦しみを； 常に神は行なわれる

wunder æfter wundre, wuldres Hyrde.

奇跡につぐ奇跡を、 栄光の守護者は。

Ðæt wæs unġeāra, þæt iċ ǣniġra mē

そんなに昔のことではない、 わしがいずれの

wēana ne wēnde tō wīdan feore

惨状にも期待しなかったのは ずっと一度も

bōte ġebīdan, þonne blōde fāh

救済を見出すことを、 血塗られて

hūsa sēlest heoro-drēoriġ stōd, ―

935

wēa wīd-sċofen witena ġehwylc[um]

最高の館が 闘いの血で汚れて立っていたとき、 ひどい惨状だったのだ 賢人のいずれにとっても、

925a. Hrōðgār: masc. nom. maþelode: pret. 3sg. of maþelian, wk.2, to give a speech; Hrōþ/ðgār maþ/ðelod also occurs in 371a, 456a, 1321a, 1687a, 1840a. 925b. healle: acc.sg. of heal(l), fem., ‘hall’. ġēong: pret. 3sg. of gangan, gongan, st.7, to go. 926a. stōd: pret. 3sg. of standan, stondan, st.6, to ‘stand’. stapole: dat.sg. of stapol, masc., flight of steps [step]. 926b. ġeseah: pret. 3sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’, look on. stēapne: masc. acc.sg. of stēap, adj., ‘steep’, high. hrōf: masc. acc.sg., ‘roof ’. 927a. golde: dat.sg. of gold, neut., ‘gold’. fāhne: masc. acc. sg. of fāg, fāh, adj., decorated. 927b. Grendles: gen. of Grendel. hond: fem. acc.sg., ‘hand’. 928a. Ðisse: gen.sg. of þēos, demon. pron, fem., this. ansӯne: gen.sg. of an-sȳn, on-sȳn, fem., sight, spectacle; modifies þanc. 928b. Alwealdan: dat.sg. of Al-walda, masc., ‘All-wielder’, the Lord. þanc: masc. nom.sg., ‘thanks’; w.gen. ‘for’. 929a. lungre: adv., quickly, soon. ġelimpe: pres. subj. 3sg. of gelimpan, st.3, to happen, be forthcoming. 929b. Fela: acc.sg., many; w.gen. (lāþes and grynna). lāþes: neut. gen.sg. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’; noun, hostility. ġebād: pret. 3sg. of ġebīdan, st.1, to experience, endure; w.acc. (Fela). 930a. grynna: gen.pl. of gyrn, gryn, masc. / neut., grief, affliction. æt: prep., w.dat., from. Grendle: dat. of Grendel. 930b. ā: adv., always. mæġ: ‘may’, can: pres. 3sg. God: masc. nom. wyrċan: wk.1, to ‘work’, make. 931a. wunder: = wundor: neut. acc.sg., ‘wonder’, wonderful thing. æfter: prep., w.dat., ‘after’. wundre: dat.sg. of wundor. 931b. wuldres: gen.sg. of wuldor, neut., glory, heaven. Hyrde: masc. nom.sg., Guardian. 932a. Ðæt (...þæt): it (...that). un-ġeāra: adv., ‘not long ago’, soon. 932b. ǣniġra: masc. gen.pl. of ǣ niġ, adj., ‘any’; w.gen. mē: ‘me’: dat. 933a. wēana: gen.pl. of wēa, wk. masc., ‘woe’, misery. ne: adv., not. wēnde: pret. 1sg. of wēnan, wk.1, to think, expect [ween]; w. mē and inf.; ‘I did not ever expect me to experience relief ’. 933b. tō wīdan feore: ‘to long life’, ever. wīdan: wk. dat.sg. of wīd, adj., ‘wide’, long (of time). feore: dat.sg. of feorh, neut., life. 934a. bōte: acc.sg. of bōt, fem., relief, remedy. ġebīdan: st.1, to experience, live to see [bide]. 934b. þonne: conj., when. blōde: dat.sg. of blōd, neut., ‘blood’. fāh: adj., neut. nom.sg., stained. 935a. hūsa: gen.pl. of hūs, neut., ‘house’. sēlest: best: supl. neut. nom.sg.; hūsa sēlest, i.e. ‘Heorot’ is subject. 935b. heoro-drēoriġ: adj., neut. nom sg., ‘sword-gory’, blood-stained. stōd: see 926a. 936a. wēa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘woe’. wīd-sċofen: adj., masc. nom.sg., (pp.), ‘wide-shoved’, far-reaching, great. 936b. witena: gen.pl. of wita, wk. masc., wise man. ġehwylc[um]: masc. dat.pl. of ġehwylċ, pron., each, every (one); MS gehwylcne; emended by Kemble.

79

150v 940

945

ðāra þe ne wēndon þæt hīe wīde-ferhð

彼らは思わなかった ずっと長く

lēoda land-ġeweorc lāþum beweredon,

国民の砦を 憎き者から守れるとは、

|sċuccum ond sċinnum. Nū sċealc hafað

悪魔や悪霊から。 今や （一人の）武士が

þurh Drihtnes miht dǣd ġefremede,

940

主の力を借りて 行いを実行したのだ、

ðē wē ealle ǣr ne meahton

我らすべてが これまで果たしえなかったことを、

snyttrum besyrwan. Hwæt, þæt seċġan mæġ ―

知略をもってしても。 いかにも言いうるであろう、

efne swā hwylċ mæġþa swā ðone magan cende

誰にしても、 そのような息子を生んだ女は、

æfter gum-cynnum, ġyf hēo ġӯt lyfað,

人類の中へ、 もし彼女がいまだ生きていれば、

þæt hyre Eald-metod ēste wǣre

945

彼女に「古き」神は 恵み深かったと、

bearn-ġebyrdo. Nū iċ, Bēowulf, þeċ,

出産に関し。 今やわしは、ベーオウルフよ、お主を、

seċġ betsta, mē for sunu wylle

最も優れたる者よ、 わしの息子として

frēogan on ferhþe heald forð tela

心の中で愛したい； しっかり守りたまえ、

nīwe sibbe. Ne bið þē [n]ǣniġre gād

新たな絆を。 お主には何も欠けるものはなかろう

937a. ðara þe: rel. pron., who; agrees with the antecedent witena. wēndon: pret. 3pl. of wēnan, wk.1, to think; see 933a. 937b. wīde-ferhð: adv., for a long time; adverbial acc. 938a. lēoda: gen. of lēode, masc. pl., people. landġeweorc: neut. acc.sg., ‘land-work’, stronghold. 938b. lāþum: masc. dat.pl. of lāð, adj., loathsome (one); foe, enemy. beweredon: pret. subj. 3pl. of be-werian, wk.1 / 2, to defend against; w.dat. 939a. sċuccum: dat.pl. of sċucca, wk. masc., demon, evil spirit. sċinnum: dat.pl. of sċinna, wk. masc., apparition, demon. 938b. sċealc: masc. nom.sg., man, warrior, i.e. Beowulf [marshal; G. Schalk]. hafað: ‘has’: pres. 3sg.; forms present perfect. 940a. þurh: prep. w.acc., ‘through’, with the help of. Drihtnes: gen.sg. of dryhten, masc., the Lord. miht: fem. acc.sg., ‘might’, power. 940b. dǣd: fem. acc.sg., ‘deed’. ġefremede: pp., fem., acc.sg. of ġefremman, wk.1, to do. 941a. ðē: rel. particle., which, that. ealle: masc. nom.pl. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’; appositive to wē. 941b. meahton: ‘might’, could: pret. 1pl. 942a. snyttrum: dat.pl. of snyttru, wk. fem., wisdom, skill. be-syrwan: wk.1, to contrive, devise. 942b. Hwæt: interj., indeed. þæt (....þæt): it (...that). seċġan: wk.3, to ‘say’. mæġ: ‘may’, can: subject (man) is understood. 943a. efne swā (...swā): just so (...as). hwylċ: fem. nom.sg. pron., any(one); w. partit. gen. mæġþa: gen.pl. of mæ ġð, fem., woman, ‘maid’. 943b. ðone: masc. acc.sg. of se, the, that. magan: acc.sg. of maga, wk. masc., son; ðone magan refers to Beowulf. cende: pret. 3sg. of cennan, wk.1, to bring forth, bear. 944a. æfter: prep., w.dat., among. gum-cynnum: dat.pl. of gum-cyn(n), neut., mankind [kin]. 944b. ġӯf: conj., ‘if ’. hēo: fem. nom. 3sg., she. ġӯt: adv., still [yet]. lyfað: pres. 3sg. of libban, wk.3, to live. 945a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hyre: ‘her’: dat. of hēo, she; poss. dat. modifying bearn-gebyrdo. Eald-metod: masc. nom.sg., ‘Old-God’. 945b. ēste: adj., masc. nom.sg., kind, gracious; w.gen. ‘in regard to’. wǣre: ‘were’: subj. 3sg. of wesan, st.5, to be. 946a. bearnġebyrdo: fem. gen.sg., ‘child-bearing’. þeċ: = þē: ‘thee’: acc.sg. 947a. seċġ: masc. voc.sg., warrior. betsta: wk. masc. voc.sg. of bet(o)st, best, supl. 947b. mē: ‘me’: poss. dat. for: prep., w.acc., as. sunu: masc. acc.sg., ‘son’. wylle: ‘will’: pres. 1sg. 948a. frēogan: wk.2, to love. on: prep., w.dat., in. ferhþe: dat.sg. of ferhð, masc. / neut., mind, heart. 948b. heald: imper. sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, keep. forð: adv., ‘forth’, onward. tela: adv., well. 949a. nīwe: adj., fem. acc.sg., ‘new’. sibbe: acc.sg. of sib(b), fem., bond, friendship. 949b. bið: pres. 3sg. of bēon, ‘be’, shall be. þē: to thee: dat. [n]ǣniġre: = -ra: masc. gen.pl. of nǣ niġ, ‘any’; n supplied by Grein for alliteration, not for syntax; agrees with wilna. gād: neut. nom.sg., lack.

80

950

955

worolde wilna, þē iċ ġeweald hæbbe.

950

Ful oft iċ for lǣssan lēan teohhode,

しばしばわしはお主より劣る働きに  褒賞を与えた、

hord-weorþunge hnāhran rince,

宝の褒美を より劣る武士に、

sǣmran æt sæċċe. Þū þē self hafast

闘いに弱き者に。 お主は自分自身の業によって

dǣdum ġefremed, þæt þīn [dōm] lyfað

成し遂げた、 従ってお主の誉れは生きるだろう、

āwa tō aldre. Al-walda þeċ

955

gōde forġylde, swā hē nū ġӯt dyde!”

いつまでも永久に。 全能の神がお主に 幸いもて報いられますように、 今なされたように！』

Bēowulf maþelode, bearn Eċ[ġ]þēowes:

960

この世の欲しい物で、 わしがどうにかできる物で。

 ベーオウルフは答えた、 エッジセーオウの息子は：

“Wē þæt ellen-weorc ēstum miċlum,

『我らはあの武勇の業を 大いなる善意から

feohtan fremedon, frēċne ġenēðdon

闘いを行ない、 大胆に立ち向かったのです

eafoð uncūþes. Ūþe iċ swīþor

960

þæt ðū hine selfne ġesēon mōste,

怪しい敵の力に。 私はむしろ望んだのです、 殿が奴自身を ご覧になられることを、

950a. worolde: gen.sg. of worold, fem., ‘world’ [G. Welt]. wilna: gen.pl. of willa, wk. masc., desirable thing. 950b. þē: rel. particle, which, that. ġeweald: neut. acc.sg., power, control. hæbbe: ‘have’: pres. 1sg. 951a. Ful: adv., ‘full’, very. oft: adv., ‘often’. for: prep., w.dat., (in return) for. lǣssan: compar. dat.sg. of lȳtel, adj., ‘little’, small (doing); noun use. 951b. lēan: neut. acc.sg., reward, requital. teohhode: pret. 1sg. of teohhian, wk.2, to assign, pay out. 952a. hord-weorþunge: acc.sg. of hord-weorþung, fem., ‘hoard-worth’, honouring with gifts; a variation of lēan. 952b. hnāhran: compar. masc. dat.sg. of hnāh, adj., weak, unworthy. rince: dat.sg. of rinc, masc., man, warrior. 953a. sǣmran: masc. dat.sg. of sǣ mra, adj. compar., weaker, inferior. æt: prep., w.dat., ‘at’. sæċċe: dat. sg. of sæ ċ(ċ), fem., battle, fight. 953b. þē: thee: poss. dat.sg.; modifies dǣ dum. self: refl. pron., dat.sg., self; appositive to þē; ‘with thine own deeds’. hafast: pres. 2sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., have; forms pres. perfect. 954a. dǣdum: instr.-dat.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’. ġefremed: pp. of ġefremman, wk.1, to do, accomplish. 954b. þæt: conj., so that. þīn: thy, thine: poss. adj. [dōm]: masc. nom.sg., glory [doom]; supplied by Kemble. lyfað: pres. 3sg. of libban wk.3, to ‘live’. 955a. āwa: adv., always. tō aldre: forever. alder: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. 955b. Al-walda: masc. nom.sg., ‘All-wielder’, Almighty, God; see 928b. þeċ: old form of þē: ‘thee’: acc. 956a. gōde: instr.-dat.sg. of gōd, neut., goodness, gifts. forġylde: pres. subj. 3sg. of for-ġyldan, st.3, to recompense, reward. 956b. swā: conj., just as. nū ġӯt: ‘now still’, further now. dyde: ‘did’: pret. 3sg. 957ab. Bēowulf maþelode, bearn Eċġþēowes: this epic formula occurs with variants in 529, 631, 1383, 1473, 1651, 1817, 1999, 2425; Bēowulf maþelode in 405a, 2510a, 2724a. 957b. bearn: neut. / masc., son, child. Eċ[ġ]þēowes: gen.sg.; MS ecþeowes; emended by Thorpe. 958a. þæt: ‘that, the’: neut. acc.sg. ellen-weorc: neut. acc.sg., ‘valour-work’, courageous deed. 958b. ēstum: dat.pl. of ēst, fem., favour, goodwill; cf. 945b. miċlum: fem. dat.pl. of miċel, adj., great, large. 959a. feohtan: acc.sg. of feohte, wk. fem., ‘fight’; a variation of ellen-weorc. fremedon: pret. 1pl. of fremman, wk.1, to do. 959b. frēċne: adv., fearlessly, severely. ġenēðdon: pret. 1pl. of ġenēþan, wk.1, to engage in, undertake. 960a. eafoð: neut. acc.sg., strength, might. uncūþes: masc. gen.sg. of un-cūð, adj., ‘un-known’ (one), strange [uncouth]. 960b. Ūþe: pret. 1sg. of unnan, pret.-pres., to wish, grant; see Com. swīþor: more, rather, compar. of swīðe, adv., very, much. 961a. þæt: conj., that. hine selfne: ‘himself ’, i.e. Grendel. ġesēon: st.5, to ‘see’. mōste: would (rather): pret. subj. 2sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, to have opportunity.

81

151r

965

fēond on frætewum fyl-wēriġne!

武装した敵が 倒れている姿を！

Iċ hi[ne] hrædlīċe |heardan clammum

私は奴をすばやく 強い握力によって

on wæl-bedde wrīþan þōhte,

死の床に 縛りつけようと思いました、

þæt hē for [mu]nd-gripe mīnum sċolde

965

liċġean līf-bysiġ, būtan his līċ swice.

奴が、手の握力故に 私の、 死の苦しみに横たわざるを得ないように、 奴の体が逃 れ得ないのなら。

Iċ hine ne mihte, þā Metod nolde,

私にはできませんでした、 神が望まれなかったので、

ganges ġetwǣman;

奴の逃走を妨げることは、 私は奴をそれほどしかとは

nō iċ him þæs ġeorne

ætfealh,

押えられなかったのです、

feorh-ġenīðlan; wæs tō fore-mihtiġ 970

不倶戴天の敵を； 余りに強力だったのです

fēond on fēþe. Hwæþere, hē his folme forlēt

970

奴は逃げるにあたって。 だが彼は己の片手を、

tō līf-wraþe lāst weardian,

命を救うために 後に残していきました、

earm ond eaxle; nō þǣr ǣniġe swā þēah

腕と肩も； その時しかしながら、けっして

fēa-sċeaft guma, frōfre ġebohte;

みじめな奴は 慰めを得なかったのです；

962a. fēond: masc. acc.sg., fiend, demon. on: prep., w.dat., in. frætewum: dat.pl. of fræ twe, fem. pl., decorated armour or weapons; but indeed he was not armed. 962b. fyl-wēriġne: masc. acc.sg., of fyl-wēriġ adj., ‘fall-weary’, fallen, killed. 963a. hi[ne]: ‘him’: acc.; MS him; emended by Thorpe for syntax. hrædlīċe: adv., quickly. 963b. heardan: wk. masc. dat.pl. of heard, adj., ‘hard’, strong. clammum: dat.pl. of clam(m), clom(m), masc., grip, grasp. 964a. wæl-bedde: dat.sg. of wæ l-bed(d), neut., ‘death-bed’. 964b. wrīþan: st.1, to bind [writhe]. þōhte: pret. 1sg. of þenċan, wk.1, to intend, ‘think’. 965a. þæt: conj., so that (...subj.). for: prep., w.dat., for, because of. [mu]nd-gripe: masc. dat sg., ‘hand-grip’; MS hand gripe; emended by Kemble for alliteration. 965b. mīnum: ‘my, mine’: masc. dat.sg. sċolde: ‘should’: pret. subj. 3sg. 966a. liċġean: st.5, to ‘lie’. līf-bysiġ: adj., ‘life-busy’, struggling for life, in torment of death. 966b. būtan: conj., unless [but]. līċ: neut. nom.sg., body. swice: pret. subj. 3sg. of swīcan, st.1, to depart, escape. 967a. hine: ‘him’: acc. mihte: ‘might’, could: pret. 1sg. 967b. þā: conj., when. Metod: masc. nom.sg., God. nolde: ‘would not’: pret. 3sg. neg. 968a. ganges: gen.sg. of gang, masc., going; cf. gangan to go. ġetwǣman: wk.1, to hinder, keep from; w.acc. of person & gen. of thing. 968b. nō: adv., not at all, never. þæs: so, to such a degree: neut. gen.sg. of demon. pron., se. ġeorne: adv., surely, firmly. ætfealh: pret. 1sg of æ t-fēolan, st.3, to cling, adhere to; w.dat. 969a. feorh-ġenīðlan: dat.sg. of feorh-ġenīðla, wk. masc., ‘life-enemy’, mortal foe; amplifies him. 969b. tō: adv., ‘too’. fore-mihtiġ: adj., very strong; for(e)- is an intensifier [mighty]. 970a. fēond: masc. nom.sg.; see 962a. on: prep., w.dat., ‘on’, in, at. fēþe: neut. dat.sg., going. 970b. Hwæþere: adv., however, yet. folme: acc.sg. of folm, fem., hand. forlēt: pret. 3sg. of for-lǣ tan, st.7, to leave, release; w.acc. & inf. 971a. tō: prep., w.dat., for, as. līf-wraþe: dat.sg. of līf-wraðu, fem., life-protection. 971b. lāst: masc. acc.sg., track, path [last]. weardian: wk.2, to ‘ward’, guard; lāst weardian, ‘remain behind’. 972a. earm: masc. acc.sg., ‘arm’. eaxle: acc.sg. of eaxl, fem., shoulder; see 816b, 835a. 972b. nō: see 968b. þǣr: ‘there’. ǣniġe: fem. acc. sg. of ǣ niġ, adj., ‘any’. swā þēah: however, nevertheless. 973a. fēa-sċeaft: adj., masc. nom.sg., destitute, poor; see 7a. guma: wk. masc. nom.sg., man [groom]. 973b. frōfre: acc.sg. of frōfor, fem., consolation, comfort. ġebohte: pret. 3sg. of ġebiċġan, wk.1, to ‘buy’, pay for, obtain.

82

nō þӯ lenġ leofað lāð-ġetēona 975

980

もはや生きられず 悪事をなす者は

synnum ġeswenċed, ac hyne sār hafað

975

in [n]īd-gripe, nearwe befongen,

強い把握に しっかり捉えたのです、

balwon bendum; ðǣr ābīdan sċeal

恐ろしい枷で； そして必ずや受けるでしょう、

maga māne fāh miċlan dōmes,

罪を犯した者は 大いなる裁きを、

hū him sċīr Metod sċrīfan wille.”

栄光の神が奴に 宣告したいと思われるものを』

Ðā wæs swīġra seċġ, sunu Eċ[ġ]lāfes,

980

151v

 その時は寡黙だった、 エッジラーフの息子 (U) は （B の）誇らかな演説に 武勇の業についての、

on ġylp-sprǣċe gūð-ġeweorca,

985

罪に苦しめられ、 傷の痛みが奴を

siþðan æþelingas eorles cræfte

貴人たちが 勇士 (B) の力のお蔭で

ofer hēanne hrōf hand sċēawedon,

高い屋根の方にある 手を見上げたとき、

fēondes fingras; foran ǣġhwylċ wæs,

敵の指を； どの指先にもあった、

sted[e]-næġla ġehwylċ, stӯle ġelīcost,

985

硬い爪の一本一本が、 まるで鋼鉄のような、 異教徒の手の爪が、 闘技士 (G) の

hǣþenes hand-sporu |hilde-rinces

974a. nō þӯ lenġ: ‘no (the) longer’. nō : see 968b, 972b. þӯ: ‘the’: neut. instr.sg.; w. compar.; cf. the more. lenġ: compar. of longe, adv., ‘long’; with adv. suffix -e. leofað: = lifað: pres. 3sg. of libban, wk.3, to ‘live’. 974b. lāðġetēona: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘loath-injurer’. 975a. synnum: dat.pl. of synn, fem., ‘sin’. ġeswenċed: pp. of swenċan, wk.1, to afflict. 975b. ac: conj., but. hyne: ‘him’: acc. sār: neut. / fem., ‘sore’, wound, pain. hafað: ‘has’: pres. 3sg. aux. 976a. [n]īd-gripe: masc. dat.sg., ‘forceful-grip’; MS inmid gripe; emended by Klaeber. 976b. nearwe: adv., ‘narrowly’, closely. befongen: pp. of be-fōn, st.7, to grasp. 977a. balwon: -um: dat.pl. of bealo, bealu, adj., deadly [bale]. bendum: dat.pl. of bend, masc. / fem., ‘bond’, fetter. 977b. ðǣr: ‘there’. ā-bīdan: st.1, to await, ‘abide’; w.gen. sċeal: ‘shall’ meaning necessity: pres. 3sg. 978a. maga: wk. masc. nom.sg., young man. māne: dat. sg. of mān, neut., sin, guilt. fāh: adj., masc. nom.sg., guilty. 978b. miċlan: wk. masc. gen.sg. of miċel, adj., great, large. dōmes: gen.sg. of dōm, masc., judgement, decree. 979a. hū: conj., ‘how’; introduces the clause amplifying miċlan dōmes. sċīr: adj., masc. nom.sg., bright, glorious. Metod: masc. nom., God. 979b. sċrīfan: st.1, to judge, impose punishment [shrive]. wille: pres. subj. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to wish. 980a. Ðā: adv., then. swīġra: compar. masc. nom.sg. of swīġe, adj., silent. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., warrior, man. 980b. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’. Eċ[ġ]lāfes: gen.; MS eclafes; emended by Thorpe to normal form. 981a. on: prep., w.dat., ‘on’, at. ġylp-sprǣċe: dat.sg. of ġylp-spræ ċ, fem., ‘boasting speech’. 981b. gūð-ġeweorca: gen.pl. of gūð-ġeweorc, neut., ‘war-deed’. 982a. siþðan: conj., when, after [since]. æþelingas: nom.pl. of æ þeling, masc., nobleman, hero. 982b. eorles: gen. sg. of eorl, masc., nobleman, i.e. Beowulf [earl]. cræfte: dat.sg. of cræ ft, masc., strength, skill [craft]. 983a. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, up to. hēanne: masc. acc.sg. of hēah, adj., ‘high’. hrōf: masc. acc.sg., ‘roof ’. 983b. hand: fem. acc.sg., ‘hand’; this line has ambiguous mixed syntax, as compared with 926b–27b, ġeseah stēapne hrōf /... ond Grendles hond. sċēawedon: pret. 3pl. of sċēawian, wk.2, to look at [show]. 984a. fēondes: gen.sg. of fēond, masc., ‘fiend’, demon. fingras: acc.pl. of finger, masc., ‘finger’. 984b. foran: adv., before, in front of. ǣġhwylċ: masc. nom.sg., every. 985a. sted[e]-næġla: gen.pl. of stede-næ ġl, masc., ‘firm nail’; see Com. ġehwylċ: pron., each. 985b. stӯle: neut. dat.sg., ‘steel’. ġelīcost: supl. masc. nom.sg. of ġelīċ, adj., alike; w.dat. 986a. hǣþenes: masc. gen.sg. of hǣ ðen, adj., ‘heathen’ (one). hand-sporu: wk. fem. nom.sg., ‘hand-spoor’; refers to Grendel’s claw [G. Spur]. 986b. hilde-rinces: gen.sg. of hilde-rinc, masc., ‘battle-man’; MS hilde / hilde; in both 151r and 151v.

83

990

eġl unhēoru. Ǣġhwylċ ġecwæð

恐ろしい鉤爪が。 めいめいが言った、

þæt him heardra nān hrīnan wolde

奴にはいかなる、勇者たちの物も、  触れ得ないだろうと、

īren ǣrgōd, þæt ðæs āhlǣċan

非常に優れた鉄剣も、 それはこの怪物の

blōdġe beadu-folme onberan wolde.

990

血まみれの戦の手を 傷つけ得ないだろうと。

987a. eġl: fem. nom.sg., talon, claw. unhēoru: fem. nom.sg. of un-hēore, un-hīore, un-hȳre, adj., ‘un-pleasant’, monstrous. 987b. Ǣġhwylċ: pron., masc. nom.sg., each, everyone; see 984b. ġecwæð: pret. 3sg. of ġecweðan, st.5, to speak, say. 988a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. heardra: masc. gen.pl. of heard, adj., brave (one), ‘hard’. nān: pron., neut. nom. sg., ‘no’; modifies īren. 988b. hrīnan: st.1, to touch, reach. wolde: ‘would’: pret. subj. 3sg. 989a. īren: neut. nom.sg., ‘iron’; by metonymy ‘iron sword’. ǣr-gōd: adj., ‘ere-good’, very good. 989b. þæt: rel. pron, which; its antecedent is īren ǣ rgōd. ðæs: ‘of that (monster)’: masc. gen.sg. āhlǣċan: gen.sg. of āglǣ ċa, wk. masc., demon, monster. 990a. blōdġe: fem. acc.sg. of blōdiġ, adj., ‘bloody’. beadu-folme: acc.sg. of beadu-folm, fem., ‘battlehand’. 990b. on-beran: st.4, to hurt, weaken. wolde: ‘would’: pret. subj. 3sg.

84

・XV・

995

1000

XV

ÐĀ wæs hāten hreþe Heort innanweard

それから急いで命じられた ヘオロトの内部が

folmum ġefrætwod; fela þǣra wæs

手（の技） で飾られるようにと； 多数の者がいた、

wera ond wīfa, þē þæt wīn-reċed,

男も女も、 彼らはその酒宴の広間の、

ġest-sele ġyredon. Gold-fāg sċinon

客間の準備をした。 輝いていた、金襴の

web æfter wāgum, wundor-sīona fela

995

緞子が壁に掛けられて、 すごく驚嘆すべき見ものだった、

seċġa ġehwylcum þāra þe on swylċ starað.

すべての者にとって、 そのようなものを眺める。

Wæs þæt beorhte bold tōbrocen swīðe

その輝く建物も ひどく壊された、

eal inneweard īren-bendum fæst,

内側がすべて 鉄帯でしっかり留められていた、

heorras tōhlidene; hrōf āna ġenæs

蝶番も跳ね飛んだ； 屋根だけが被害を免れ

ealles ansund, þē se āglǣċa

1000

全く無傷だった、 あの怪物が、

fyren-dǣdum fāg on flēam ġewand,

悪業の罪深い者が、 逃げ出したとき、

aldres orwēna. Nō þæt ӯðe byð

命の望みを絶たれて。 容易なことではないのだ

991a. ÐĀ: adv., then. hāten: pp. of hātan, st.7, to order, command. hreþe: adv., quickly. 991b. Heort: = Heorot: masc. nom. innanweard: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘inward’, inside. 992a. folmum; dat.pl. of folm, fem., hand. ġefrætwod: pp. of ġefræ twian, wk.2, to adorn, decorate; ‘to be’ understood. 992b. fela: neut. nom.sg., many; with partit. gen. þǣra: of those: gen.pl. 993a. wera: gen.pl. of wer, masc., man. wīfa: gen.pl. of wīf, neut., woman. 993b. þē: rel. particle., who; with its antecedent fela. þæt: that, the: neut. acc.sg. wīn-reċed: neut. acc.sg., ‘winehall’. 994a. ġest-sele: masc. acc.sg., ‘guest-hall’. ġyredon: pret. 3pl. of ġyrwan, wk.1, to prepare. 994b. Gold-fāg: adj., neut. nom.pl., ‘gold-adorned’. sċinon: pret. 3pl. of sċīnan, st.1, to ‘shine’. 995a. web: neut. nom.pl., tapestries [web]. æfter: prep., w.dat., along, on. wāgum: dat.pl. of wāg, masc., wall. 995b. wundor-sīona: -sēona: gen.pl. of wundor-sīon, fem., ‘wonder-sight’. fela: see 992b. 996a. seċġa: gen.pl. of seċġ, masc., man. ġehwylcum: masc. dat.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each, every (one). 996b. þāra þe: rel., of those who; þāra, gen.pl., agrees with the antecedent seċġa. on: prep., w.acc., ‘on’. swylċ: pron., neut. acc.sg., such. starað: pres. 3sg. of starian, wk.2, to ‘stare’, gaze. 997a. þæt: the: neut. nom.sg. beorhte: wk. neut. nom.sg. of beorht, adj., ‘bright’. bold: neut. nom. sg., building. 997b. tōbrocen: pp. of tō-brecan, st.4, to ‘break apart’. swīðe: adv., very much. 998a. eal: all: neut. nom.sg. inneweard: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘inward’; cf. 991b. 998b. īren-bendum: dat.pl. of īren-bend, fem., ‘ironband’. fæst: adj., neut. nom.sg. ‘fast’, fixed. 999a. heorras: nom.pl. of heor(r), masc., hinge. tōhlidene: pp. masc. nom.pl. of tō-hlīdan, st.1, to ‘spring apart’. 999b. hrōf: masc. nom.sg., ‘roof ’. āna: wk. masc. nom.sg. of ān, ‘one’, alone, only. ġenæs: pret. 3sg. of ġenesan, st.5, to be saved, survive. 1000a. ealles: neut. gen.sg. of eal(l), adj., all, (adverbially) in every respect. an-sund: = on-: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘sound’, uninjured. 1000b. þē: conj., when. se: the: masc. nom.sg. āglǣċa: wk. masc. nom.sg., demon, monster. 1001a. fyren-dǣdum: dat.pl. of fyren-dǣ d, fem., wicked deed, crime. fāg: adj., masc. nom.sg., guilty. 1001b. on: prep., w.acc., into. flēam: masc. acc.sg., flight. ġewand: pret. 3sg. of ġewindan, st.3, to go, turn [wind]. 1002a. alders: gen.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. or-wēna: wk. adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘deprived of hope’, despairing of; w.gen.; prefix or ‘out of ’ (L. ex-, G. ur-) is privative. 1002b. Nō: adv., not at all, never. þæt: that, it: nom. ȳðe: neut. nom.sg. of ēaðe, adj., easy. byð: is: pres. 3sg. of anom., bēon, to ‘be’.

85

1005

tō beflēo[ha]nne ― fremme sē þe wille ―,

逃れることは ― たとえそう願ったとて ―

ac ġes[ē]ċan sċeal sāwl-berendra

逆に （人は）訪れざるを得ない、 魂を持った人間に、

nӯde ġenӯdde, niþða bearna,

1005

必然〔運命〕に駆り立てられて、 人の子らに、

grund-būendra ġearwe stōwe,

地上に住む者らに 準備された場所を、

þǣr his līċ-homa leġer-bedde fæst

人の肉体が 死の床に縛りつけられて、

swefeþ æfter symle.

宴の後に眠る場所を。

Þā wæs sǣl ond mǣl, 152r

þæt tō healle |gang Healfdenes sunu;

1010

wolde self cyning symbel þiċġan.

やがてその時となった、 広間にお出ましになる ヘアルフデネの息子 (H) が； 1010

王自ら思われた 祝宴に加わりたいと。

Ne ġefræġen iċ þā mǣġþe māran weorode

私は聞いたことがない、血縁者が これより大きな集団で、

ymb hyra sinc-ġyfan sēl ġebǣran.

宝の授与者の周りで これより立派に振る舞うのを。

Bugon þā tō benċe blǣd-āgande,

それから長椅子に座して 繁栄せる者たちは

fylle ġefǣgon; fæġere ġeþǣgon

宴会を喜んだ； 楽しそうに飲んだ、

1003a. tō: prep., ‘to’: with ger. beflēo[ha]nne: ger. of be-flēon, st.2, to ‘flee from’; MS befleonne; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 1003b. fremme: pres. subj. 3sg. of fremman, wk.1, to do. sē þe: rel., he who. wille: pres. 3sg. of willan, anom., to wish, desire. 1004a. ac: conj., but rather. ġes[ē]ċan: wk.1, to ‘seek’; MS gesacan; emended by Kemble. sċeal: pres. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., shall, must; its subject may be sē þe in 1003b. 1004b. sāwlberendra: gen.pl. of sāwl-berend, masc., ‘soul-bearing’ (one), human being. 1005a. nȳde: dat. sg. of nȳd, fem., necessity [need]. ġenȳdde: pp. fem. acc.sg. of ġenȳdan, wk.1, to compel, force. 1005b. niþða: gen. of niþðas, masc. pl., men. bearna: gen.pl. of bearn, neut. / masc., offspring, son. 1006a. grund-būendra: gen.pl. of grund-būend, masc., ‘earth-dweller’, man. 1006b. ġearwe: fem. acc.sg. of ġearo, ġearu, adj., ready for; w.gen. (sāwl-berendra, niþða bearna, grund-būendra). stōwe: acc.sg. of stōw, fem., place. 1007a. þǣr: rel. adv., where. līċ-homa: wk. masc., nom.sg., ‘body-covering’, body. 1007b. leġer-bedde: dat.sg. of leġer-bedd, neut., ‘lying-bed’, grave. fæst: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘fast’; w.dat. 1008a. swefeþ: pres. 3sg. of swefan, st.5, to sleep in death. æfter: prep., w.dat., ‘after’. symle: dat.sg. of symbel, neut., feast. 1008b. Þā: adv., then. sǣl: masc. / fem. nom.sg., time. mǣl: neut. nom.sg., time, occasion [meal]. 1009a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. healle: dat.sg. of heal(l), fem., ‘hall’. gang: pret. 3sg. of gangan, st.7, to go. 1009b. Healfdenes: gen. of Healfdene. sunu: masc. nom.sg., son. 1010a. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to wish. self: refl. pron., masc. nom.sg., ‘self’. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 1010b. symbel: neut. acc.sg., feast. þiċġan: st.5, to join, receive. 1011a. Ne: adv., not. ġefræġen: = ġefræ ġn; pret. 1sg. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to learn, hear of; w.acc. & inf. iċ: ‘I’. þā: the: fem. acc.sg. mǣġþe: acc.sg. of mǣ ġþ, fem., tribe, people. 1011b. māran: fem. gen.sg. of māra, greater, ‘more’, compar. of miċel, adj., great, large. weorode: dat.sg. of werod, weorod, neut., troop, host. 1012a. ymb: prep., w.dat., around. hyra: their: gen.pl. sinc-ġyfan: dat.sg. of sinc-ġifa, wk. masc., ‘treasure-giver’. 1012b. sēl: adv. better, compar. of wēl, ‘well’. ġebǣran: wk.1, inf., to behave. 1013a. Bugon: pret. 3pl. of būgan, st.2, to sit down [bow]. þā: adv., then. benċe: dat.sg. of benċ, fem., ‘bench’. 1013b. blǣd-āgande: masc. nom.pl., ‘glory-owning’, prosperous one. 1014a. fylle: gen. / dat.sg. of fyllo, wk. fem., feast. ġefǣgon: pret. 3pl. ġefēon, st.5, to rejoice; w.gen. / dat. 1014b. fæġere: adv., fairly, pleasantly. ġeþǣgon: pret. 3pl. of ġeþiċġan, st.5, to partake of, drink.

86

1015

medo-ful maniġ māgas þāra

1015

swīð-hiċġende on sele þām hēan,

心の強い人たちは その高殿で、

Hrōðgār ond Hrōþulf. Heorot innan wæs

フロースガールとフローズルフは。 ヘオロトの中は

frēondum āfylled; nalles fācen-stafas

友人たちで一杯だった； 決して裏切りを、

Þēod-Sċyldingas þenden fremedon. 1020

1025

何杯も杯を 彼らの血族は、

「国栄えの」シュルディンガスは その時は行なわなかった。

Forġeaf þā Bēowulfe brand Healfdenes

1020

それからベーオウルフに与えた ヘアルフデネの剣を、

seġen gyldenne sigores tō lēane,

黄金の旗を 勝利の褒賞として、

hroden hil[d]e-cumbor, helm ond byrnan;

飾りある軍旗を、 兜と鎧を；

mǣre māðþum-sweord maniġe ġesāwon

名高き宝刀が 多くの者は見た

beforan beorn beran. Bēowulf ġeþah

英雄の前に運ばれるのを。 ベーオウルフは受けた、

ful on flette; nō hē þǣre feoh-ġyfte

1025

広間で杯を； 彼は少しもその高価な贈物を

for sċ[ē]oten[d]um sċamiġan ðorfte,―

武士たちの前で 恥じる必要はなかった。

ne ġefræġn iċ frēondlīcor fēower mādmas

聞いたことがない、これほど親しみ込めて 四つの贈物を、

1015a. medo-ful: neut. acc.sg., ‘mead-cup’. maniġ: neut. acc.sg. of moniġ, adj., ‘many’ a. 1015b. māgas: nom.pl. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman. þāra: of them: gen.pl. of se; refers to blǣ d-āgande in 1013b. 1016a. swīð-hiċġende: adj. (pres. part.), masc. nom.pl., ‘strong-minded’, brave-hearted. 1016b. on: prep., w.dat., in. sele: masc. dat.sg., hall. þām: that, the: masc. dat.sg. hēan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of hēah, adj., ‘high’. 1017a. Hrōþulf: masc. nom.sg., son of Halga. 1017b. Heorot: masc. nom. innan: adv., inside. 1018a. frēondum: dat.pl. of frēond, masc., ‘friend’. āfylled: pp. of ā-fyllan, wk.1, to ‘fill’. 1018b. nalles: adv., not at all. fācen-stafas: masc. acc.pl., treachery, deceit; see Com.

1019a.

Þēod-Sċyldingas: masc. nom.pl., ‘Folk-Scyldings’.

1019b.

þenden: adv., at that time.

fremedon: pret. 3pl. of fremman, wk.1, to do, perform. 1020a. Forġeaf: pret. 3sg. of for-ġifan, st.5, to give, grant; the subject Hrothgar understood. þā: adv., then. Bēowulfe: dat. of Bēowulf. 1020b. brand: neut. nom.sg., ‘burning’, i.e. sword [brand]; see Com. Healfdenes: gen. of Healfdene, masc., Danish king, father of Hrothgar. 1021a. seġen: acc.sg. of seġn, masc. / neut., banner, standard. gyldenne: masc. acc.sg. of gylden, adj., golden. 1021b. sigores: gen.sg. of sigor, masc., victory. tō: prep., w.dat., for, as. lēane: dat.sg. of lēan, neut., reward. 1022a. hroden: adj., (pp.) neut. acc.sg., adorned, decorated. hil[d]e-cumbor: neut. acc.sg., ‘battle-banner’; MS hilte; emended by Ettmüller. 1022b. helm: masc. acc.sg., ‘helmet’. byrnan: acc.sg. of byrne, wk. fem., coat of mail [byrnie]. 1023a. mǣre: adj., neut. acc.sg., famous, celebrated. māðþum-sweord: neut. acc.sg., ‘treasure-sword’. 1023b. maniġe: masc. nom.pl. of moniġ, adj., ‘many’ (people). ġesāwon: pret. 3pl. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’, witness; w.acc. & inf. 1024a. beforan: prep., w.acc., ‘before’. beorn: masc. acc.sg., man, hero. beran: st.4, inf., to carry, ‘bear’. 1024b. ġeþah: pret. 3sg. of ġeþiċġan, st.5, to receive. 1025a. ful: neut. acc.sg., cup [cf. full]. on: prep., w.dat., in. flette: dat.sg. of flet(t), neut., hall. 1025b. nō: adv., not at all, never. þǣre: that, the: fem. gen.sg. feohġyfte: gen.sg. of feoh-ġift, fem., ‘fee (= costly)-gift’. 1026a. for: prep., w.dat., before, in front of. sċ[ē]oten[d]um: dat.pl. of sċēotend, masc., shooter, warrior [cf. shooter]; MS scotenum; emended by Kemble. 1026b. sċamiġan: = sċamian: wk.2, inf., w.gen., to be ashamed (of) [shame; G. schämen]. ðorfte: pret. 3sg. of þurfan, pret.-pres., to need; w. inf. 1027a. ne ġefræġn iċ: see 1011a. frēondlīcor: compar. of frēondlīċe, adv., in a friendly manner. 1027b. fēower: ‘four’. mādmas: acc.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure.

87

1030

152v

1035

golde ġeġyrede gum-manna fela

金で飾られたものを 多くの人々が

in ealo-benċe ōðrum ġesellan.

酒宴の席で 他人 (B) に与えるのを。

Ymb þæs helmes hrōf hēafod-beorge

1030

その兜の頂きの周りで 頭の保護を、

wīrum bewunden wal[u] ūtan hēold,

針金で巻かれた 外縁が行なったので、

þæt him fēla |lāf frēċne ne meaht[e]

鑢かけた刀もそれを 激しく傷つけることができなかった、

sċūr-heard sċeþðan, þonne sċyld-freca

戦の嵐で鍛えられたものも、 楯持つ武士が

onġēan gramum gangan sċolde.

敵に向かって 進み行くとき。

Heht ðā eorla hlēo eahta mēaras

1035

やがて武人らの守護者は命じた 8 頭の馬を

fǣted-hlēore on flet tēo[ha]n

金箔の頭飾りのついた、 広間に引き入れるようにと、

in under eoderas; þāra ānum stōd

囲いの中に； その中の一頭に置かれていた、

sadol searwum fāh, since ġewurþad;

巧みな技で作られた鞍が、 宝石で飾られた；

þæt wæs hilde-setl hēah-cyninges,

それは戦士の座席〔鞍〕であった、 大王の、

1028a. golde: instr.-dat.sg. of gold, neut., ‘gold’. ġeġyrede: masc. acc.pl., pp. of ġyrwan, wk.1, to make ready, adorn. 1028b. gum-manna: gen.pl. of gum-man(n), masc., ‘man-man’. fela: masc. acc.sg., ‘many’; w.gen. 1029a. ealo-benċe: dat.sg. of ealo-benċ, fem., ‘ale-bench’. 1029b. ōðrum: masc. dat.sg. of ōðer, ‘other’. ġesellan: wk.1, inf., to present as a reward. 1030a. Ymb: prep., w.acc., around. þæs: the: masc. gen.sg. helmes: gen.sg. of helm, masc., ‘helmet’. hrōf: masc., acc.sg., ‘roof ’, crown. 1030b. hēafod-beorge: acc.sg. of hēafod-beorg, fem., ‘headprotection’; object. 1031a. wīrum: dat.pl. of wīr, masc., ‘wire’ ornament. bewunden: pp. of be-windan, st.3, to ‘wind’, entwine round. 1031b. wal[u]: wk. masc. nom.sg., ridge, crest of helmet as in that of Sutton Hoo (Jack, p. 87) [wale]; subject; MS walan; emended by Sievers; see Com. ūtan: adv., outside. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, guard. 1032a. þæt: conj., so ‘that’; see Com. him: it: masc. dat.sg.; refers to helmes in 1030a. fēla: gen. pl. of fēl, fem., ‘file’. lāf: fem. nom.sg., remnant, leftover; fēla lāf ‘the blade of a sword sharpened by the smith’s files’ (Jack, p. 87). 1032b. frēċne: adv., severely. ne: adv., not. meaht[e]: pret. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can, ‘may’; MS meahton; emended by Kemble. 1033a. sċūr-heard: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘shower (= storm of battle)-hard’. sċeþðan: st.6, to hurt, harm; w.dat. as object. 1033b. þonne: conj., when. sċyld-freca: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘shieldwarrior’. 1034a. onġēan: prep., w.dat., against. gramum: masc. dat.pl. of gram, adj., wrathful, hostile (one), foe. 1034b. gangan: st.7, to go. sċolde: pret. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., was to, should. 1035a. Heht: = hēt: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order, command; w.acc. & inf. ðā: adv., then. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., warrior. hlēo: masc. nom. sg., protector. 1035b. eahta: acc., ‘eight’. mēaras: acc.pl. of mearh, masc., horse [mare]. 1036a. fǣted-hlēore: masc. acc.pl. of fǣ ted-hlēor, adj., with ornamented cheeks, i.e. gold-plated headgear (for horses, perhaps a bridle). 1036b. on: prep., w.acc., into. flet: neut. acc.sg., hall; cf. the meaning of ‘floor’ as in 1540b, 1568b. tēo[ha]n: st.2, inf., to lead; MS teon; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 1037a. in: adv., in, inside. under: prep., w.acc., to the inside of. eoderas: acc.pl. of eodor, masc., enclosure. 1037b. þāra: of them: gen.pl. ānum: masc. dat.sg. of ān, ‘one’. stōd: pret. 3sg. of standan, stondan, st.6, to ‘stand’. 1038a. sadol: masc. nom.sg., ‘saddle’. searwum: dat.pl. of searo, neut., craft, skill; w.sg. meaning. fāh: adj., masc. nom.sg., ornamented, decorated. 1038b. since: instr.-dat.sg. of sinc, neut., treasure, jewels. ġewurþad: pp. of weorðian, wk.2, to adorn. 1039a. þæt: that, it: neut. nom.sg. hilde-setl: neut. nom.sg., battle-seat, saddle. 1039b. hēah-cyninges: gen.sg. of hēah-cyning, masc., ‘high-king’.

88

1040

ðonne sweorda ġelāc sunu Healfdenes

1040

efnan wolde, ― nǣfre on ōre læġ

剣の切り合いを ヘアルフデネの息子が 行なおうと思ったときの ― 決して陣頭にて挫けるこ とはなかった、

1045

wīd-cūþes wīġ, ðonne walu fēollon.

名高き方の勇気が、 死者が倒れ行くとき。

Ond ðā Bēowulfe bēġa ġehwæþres

それからベーオウルフに 二つのどちらも、

eodor Ingwina onweald ġetēah,

イングウィネの王 (H) は 所有物を与えた、

wiċġa ond wǣpna; hēt hine wēl brūcan.

1045

馬と武器の； よく用いるようにと言われた。

Swā manlīċe mǣre þēoden,

こうして男らしく 名高き王は、

hord-weard hæleþa heaþo-rǣsas ġeald

勇士らの宝の守護者は 戦の嵐に報われた、

mēarum ond mādmum, swa hӯ nǣfre man

馬と宝とで、 人は決してそれらにあら捜しはできない、

l[e]h[i]ð, sē þe seċġan wile sōð æfter rihte.

述べようとする人は 真実を正しく。

1040a. ðonne: conj., when. sweorda: gen.pl. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. ġelāc: neut. acc.sg., play. 1040b. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’. Healfdenes: gen. of Healfdene. 1041a. efnan: wk.1, to perform, do. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., to want, ‘will’. 1041b. nǣfre: adv., ‘never’. ōre: dat.sg. of ōr, neut., front. læġ: pret. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie low’, fail. 1042a. wīd-cūþes: masc. gen.sg. of wīd-cūþ, adj., widely known (one). wīġ: neut. / masc. nom.sg., fighting force, valour. 1042b. ðonne: conj., when. walu: nom.pl. of wæ l, neut., corpse, those slain in battle. feollon: pret. 3pl. of feallan, st.7, to ‘fall’. 1043a. ðā: adv., then. Bēowulfe: dat. 1043b. bēġa: neut. gen. of bēġen, both. ġehwæþres: neut. gen.sg. of ġehwæ þer, pron., either, each (of two). 1044a. eodor: masc. nom.sg., leader, king. Ingwina: gen. of Ingwine, masc.pl., Ing’s friends, the Danes; see Com. 1044b. onweald: masc. acc. sg., possession. ġetēah: pret. 3sg. of ġetēon, st.1, to bestow, grant. 1045a. wiċġa: gen.pl. of wiċġ, neut., horse. wǣpna: gen.pl. of wǣ pen, neut., ‘weapon’. 1045b. hēt: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, w.acc. & inf., to order, command. hine: ‘him’: acc. wēl: adv., ‘well’. brūcan: st.2, inf., to use. 1046a. Swā: adv., in this way. manlīċe: adv., manfully [cf. manly]. 1046b. mǣre: adj., masc. nom.sg., great, celebrated. þēoden: masc. nom.sg., prince, leader. 1047a. hord-weard: masc. nom.sg., ‘hoard-ward’, guardian of treasure. hæleþa: gen.pl. of hæ le, hæ leð, masc., man, warrior. 1047b. heaþo-rǣsas: acc.pl. of heaþo-rǣ s, masc., ‘war-storm’. ġeald: pret. 3sg. of ġyldan, st.3, to pay, repay. 1048a. mēarum: dat.pl. of mearh, masc., horse, steed [mare]. mādmum: dat.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure, gift. 1048b. swā: conj., in such a way that. hȳ: them, i.e. gifts: acc. nǣfre: adv., ‘never’. man: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. l[e]h[i]ð: pres. 3sg. of lēan, st.6, to find fault with; MS lyhð; emended by Holthausen; [i] expanded by Wrenn for metre. 1049a. sē þe: rel. pron., he who. seċġan: wk.3, to ‘say’. wile: pres. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to want. 1049b. sōð: neut. acc.sg., truth. æfter: prep., w.dat., in accordance with. rihte: dat.sg. of riht, neut., what is right.

89

・XVI・ 1050

153r

1055

1060

XVI

ÐĀ ġӯt ǣġhwylcum eorla drihten

1050

 それからさらに各人に 貴人らの王 (H) は

þāra þe mid Bēowulfe brim-l[ā]de tēah,

ベーオウルフと共に 海路を越えて来た者たちに

on þǣre medu-benċe māþðum ġesealde,

その宴席で 宝物を与えた、

yr|fe-lāfe, ond þone ǣnne heht

伝来の品を、 そして一人の者に

golde forġyldan, þone ðe Grendel ǣr

黄金で償うよう命じた、 グレンデルが

māne ācwealde, swā hē hyra mā wolde,

1055

無惨に殺害した者に、 彼は彼らをもっと欲したけれども、

nefne him wītiġ God wyrd forstōde,

もし賢明なる神が 彼らを運命から守らなかったら、

ond ðæs mannes mōd. Metod eallum wēold

それにあの武士の勇気が。  神はすべての者を支配された、

gumena cynnes, swā hē nū ġīt d[ōi]ð.

人類の、 今なおそうされているように。

Forþan bið andġit ǣġhwǣr sēlest,

それ故理解力が、 いずこにても最も大切である、

ferhðes foreþanc. Fela sċeal ġebīdan

1060

lēofes ond lāþes sē þe longe hēr

心の先見の明が。 多くを経験する定めである、 好ましきことも厭わしきことも、 この世に長く

1050a. ÐĀ: adv., then. ġӯt: adv., still [yet]. ǣġhwylcum: masc. dat.sg. of ǣ ġhwylċ, pron., each, everyone. 1050b. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman [earl]. drihten: masc. nom.sg., lord, ruler. 1051a. þāra þe: rel. pron., of those who; modifies ǣ ġhwylcum; followed by sg. verb in rel. clause. mid: prep., w.dat., with. Bēowulfe: dat. of Bēowulf. 1051b. brim-l[ā]de: acc.sg. of brim-lād, fem., ‘sea-path’ [brim, lode]; MS brim leade; emended by Kemble. tēah: pret. 3sg. of tēon, st.2, to take (a course), go (on a journey). 1052a. þǣre: that: fem. dat.sg. medubenċe: dat.sg. of medo-benċ, medu-benċ, fem., ‘mead-bench’. 1052b. māþðum: masc. acc.sg., treasure. ġesealde: pret. 3sg. of ġesellan, wk.1, to give, present as a gift or reward [sell]. 1053a. yrfe-lāfe: acc.sg. of yrfe-lāf, fem., ‘heritage-remains’, heirloom. 1053b. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. ǣnne: masc. acc.sg. of ān, one (man). heht: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order, command. 1054a. golde: instr.-dat.sg. of gold. for-ġyldan: st.3, to pay for, requite; w.acc. & dat. 1054b. þone ðe: (the one) who, whom; its antecedent is þone ǣ nne. ǣr: adv., before [ere]; often forms pluperfect with pret. 1055a. māne: dat.sg. of mān, neut., crime; see 110a, 978a. ācwealde: pret. 3sg. of ā-cwellan, wk.1, to kill [quell]. 1055b. swā: conj., so that; in negative clause. hyra: their, of them. mā: more: compar., neut. acc.sg. [mo]. wolde: ‘would’, wished: pret. 3sg. 1056a. nefne: conj., unless; see Com. him: them: dat. wītiġ: adj., wise [witty]. God: masc. nom. 1056b. wyrd: fem. acc.sg., fate, (nearly) death. forstode: pret. subj. 3sg. of for-standan, st.6, to prevent; ‘had prevented them from fate’. 1057a. ðæs: that: pron., masc. gen.sg. mannes: gen.sg. of mon(n), man(n), masc., ‘man’. mōd: neut., courage [mood]. 1057b. Metod: masc. nom., God. eallum: masc. dat.pl. of eal(l), ‘all’. wēold: pret. 3sg. of wealdan, st.7, to rule, control [wield]; w.dat. (eallum gumena cynnes). 1058a. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man [groom]. cynnes: gen.sg. of cyn, neut., race, kind [kin]. 1058b. swā: conj., just as. ġīt: adv., still; see 1050a. d[ōi]ð: pres. 3sg. of dōn, anom., to ‘do’; MS deð; expanded by Wrenn to a two-syllable word for metre. 1059a. Forþan: adv., therefore. bið: pres. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. andġit: neut. nom.sg., understanding. 1059b. ǣġhwǣr: adv., everywhere. sēlest: best: supl. neut. nom.sg. 1060a. ferhðes: gen.sg. of ferhð, masc. / neut., mind. fore-þanc: masc. nom.sg., ‘fore-thought’. 1060b. Fela: acc. sg., many; w.gen. (lēofes ond lāþes). sċeal: ‘shall’, implying necessity: pres. 3sg. ġebīdan: st.1, to experience; w.gen. 1061a. lēofes: neut. gen.sg. of lēof, adj., beloved. lāþes: neut. gen.sg. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’. 1061b. sē þe: he who: subject. longe: adv., ‘long’. hēr: adv., ‘here’.

90

on ðyssum win-dagum worolde brūceð.

この争いの時代に 生を享受する者は。

Þǣr wæs sang ond swēġ samod ætgædere

 そこでは歌と音楽が 共にあり、 ヘアルフデネの 武将 (H) の前で

fore Healfdenes hilde-wīsan, 1065

1070

gomen-wudu grēted, ġid oft wrecen,

1065

ハープは爪弾かれた、 物語がしばしば朗読された、

ðonne heal-gamen Hrōþgāres sċop

やがて広間の余興の物語を フロースガールの歌人が

æfter medo-benċe mǣnan sċolde,

酒宴の席で 語ることになった、

[be] Finnes eaferum, ðā hīe se fǣr beġeat,

フィンの家来たちについて、  危険が彼らを襲ったときの、

hæleð Healf-Dena, Hnæf Sċyldinga

ヘアルフデネの勇士、 シュルディンガスのフナフが

in Frēs-wæle feallan sċolde.

1070

フリジアの戦場で 倒れることになったときの。

Nē hūru Hildeburh herian þorfte

実際ヒルデブルフは 称える必要はなかった、

Ēotena trēowe; unsynnum wearð

エーオタンの忠誠を； （彼女は）罪無くして

beloren lēofum æt þām [l]i[n]d-plegan

愛しき者たちを奪われたのだった 楯の合戦で、

1062a. ðyssum: masc. dat.pl. of þes, demon. adj., this. win-dagum: dat.pl. of win-dæ ġ, masc., ‘strife-day’; cf. OE ġewin(n) strife. 1062b. worolde: gen.sg. of worold, fem., ‘world’. brūceð: pres. 3sg. of brūcan, st.2, to enjoy; w.gen. object; cf. L. mondo uti ‘live’. 1063a. Þǣr: ‘there’. sang: masc. nom.sg, ‘song’. swēġ: masc., sound, music. 1063b. samod ætgædere: together: see 329b, 387b, 729b.

fore: prep., w.dat., before, in the presence of.

Healfdenes: gen. of Healfdene. 1064b. hilde-wīsan: dat.sg. of hilde-wīsa, wk. masc., ‘battle- leader’; Healfdenes hilde-wīsan, Hrothgar. 1065a. gomen-wudu: masc. nom.sg., ‘joy-wood’, harp [game]. grēted: pp. of grētan, wk.1, to touch, pluck, strum [greet]; ‘be’-verb is omitted. 1065b. ġid: neut. nom.sg., song, story. oft: adv., ‘often’. wrecen: pp. of wrecan, st.5, to recite [wreak]. 1066a. ðonne: conj., when; see Com. heal-gamen: neut. acc.sg., ‘hall-joy’, story for entertainment. 1066b. Hrōþgāres: gen. of Hrōðgār. sċop: masc. nom.sg., poet, singer, ‘scop’. 1067a. æfter: prep., w.dat., along. mēdo-benċe: dat.sg of medo-benċ, fem., ‘mead-bench’. 1067b. mǣnan: wk.1, to tell, relate. sċolde: ‘should’, was to: pret. 3sg. 1068a. [be]: prep., w.dat., about; supplied by Thorpe. Finnes: gen. of Fin(n), masc., Frisian king. eaferum: dat.pl. of eafora, eafera, wk. masc., son, (in pl.) men, retainers; for the details of the so-called Finn-Episode see Com on 1066–1159. 1068b. ðā: conj., when. hīe: them: acc.pl. se: the: masc. nom.sg. fǣr: masc. nom.sg., sudden attack, danger, disaster [fear]. beġeat: pret. 3sg. of be-ġytan, st.5, to come upon, happen. 1069a. hæleð: masc. nom.sg., warrior, hero [G. Held]. Healf-Dena: gen. of Healf-Dene, masc. pl., Half-Dene, the name of a tribe. 1069b. Hnæf: masc., a chief of the Half-Dene, a brother of Hildeburh. Sċyldinga: gen. of Scyldingas, masc. pl., descendants of Scyld. 1070a. Frēs-wæle: dat.sg. of Frēs-wæ l, neut., ‘Frisian-battlefield’. 1070b. feallan: st.7, to ‘fall’. sċolde: ‘should’, was to: pret. 3sg. 1071a. Nē: adv., not. hūru: adv., indeed. Hildeburh: fem. nom., sister of Hnæf and wife of the Frisian king Finn. 1071b. herian: wk.1, to praise. þorfte: pret. 3sg. of þurfan, pret.-pres., to need. 1072a. Ēotena: gen. of Ēotan, wk. masc. pl., Jutes among the people of Finn. trēowe: acc.sg. of trēow, fem., good faith, fidelity [truth]; see Com. 1072b. un-synnum: adv. from dat.pl., guiltlessly [un-, sin]. wearð: was: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 1073a. beloren: deprived of: pp. of be-lēosan, st.2, to ‘lose’; w.dat. lēofum: dat.pl. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved (one). 1073b. þām: the: masc. dat. sg. [l]i[n]d-plegan: dat.sg. of lind-plega, wk. masc., ‘shield-play’, battle; MS hild plegan; emended by Kemble for alliteration.

91

1074

bearnum ond brōðrum; hīe on ġebyrd hruron

153v

gāre |wunde; þæt wæs ġeōmuru ides!

1080

1085

息子と兄弟を； 彼らは運命に倒れたのだった 1075

槍で傷を負って； それは悲運の女性だった !

Nalles hōlinga Hōces dohtor

決して理由なく ホークの娘は

meotod-sċeaft bemearn, syþðan morgen cōm,

定めの死を嘆いたのではなかった、 朝が来て、

ðā hēo under sweġle ġesēon meahte

彼女が空の下に 見ることができたとき、

morþor-bealo māga, þǣr hē[o] ǣr mǣste hēold

近親者の殺害を、 彼女が懐いていた最も大きな

worolde wynne. Wīġ ealle fornam

1080

この世の喜びを。 戦いはすべてを奪い去った、

Finnes þeġnas nemne fēaum ānum,

フィンの側近たちを、 ほんの少数を除いて、

þæt hē ne mehte on þǣm meðel-stede

そのため彼 (F) はできなかった、 戦いの場で

wīġ Henġeste wiht ġefeohtan,

ヘンジェストに対し いかんせん戦うことは、

nē þā wēa-lāfe wīġe forþringan

また惨めな生き残りを 戦いから救出することも、

þēodnes ðeġne; aċ hiġ him ġeþinġo budon,

1085

武将の側近から、 それで彼らは相手に休戦条件を出した、 彼ら (F) は相手 (D) に別の館を 全部明け渡すという、

þæt hīe him ōðer flet eal ġerӯmdon,

1074a. bearnum: dat.pl. of bearn, neut. / masc., son. brōðrum: dat.pl. of brōþor, masc., ‘brother’; bearnum ond brōðrum is generic pl.; ‘her son and brother’. 1074b. hīe: they. on: prep., into. ġebyrd: fem. acc.sg., fate. hruron: pret. 3pl. of hrēosan, st.2, to fall. 1075a. gāre: dat.sg. of gār, masc., ‘spear’. wunde: masc. nom.pl. of wund, adj., ‘wounded’. 1075b. þæt wæs: ‘that was’. ġeōmuru: fem. nom.sg. of ġeōmor, adj., mournful. ides: fem. nom.sg., lady. 1076a. Nalles: adv., not at all. hōlinga: adv., without cause. 1076b. Hōces: gen. of Hōc, masc., father of Hildeburh and Hnæf. dohtor: fem. nom.sg., ‘daughter’. 1077a. meotod-sċeaft: fem. acc.sg., ‘measuerer-fate’, death; cf. Metod. bemearn: pret. 3sg. of be-murnan, st.3, to mourn. 1077b. syþðan: conj., when. morgen: masc. nom.sg., ‘morning’. cōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 1078a. ðā: conj., when. hēo: she. sweġle: dat.sg. of sweġl, neut., sky. 1078b. ġesēon: st.5, to ‘see’. meahte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 1079a. morþor-bealo: neut. acc. sg., ‘murder-bale’. māga: gen.pl. of mǣ ġ, masc., relative. 1079b. þǣr: rel. adv., where; its antecedent may be under sweġle. hē[o]: she; MS he; emended by Thorpe. ǣr: adv., before. mǣste: supl., fem. acc.sg. of miċel, adj., greatest. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’. 1080a. worolde: gen.sg. of worold, fem., ‘world’. wynne: acc.sg. of wyn(n), fem., joy. 1080b. Wīġ: neut. / masc. nom.sg., battle. ealle: ‘all’: masc. acc.pl. of eal(l). fornam: pret. 3sg. of for-niman, st.4, to take away. 1081a. Finnes: gen.sg. of Fin(n); see 1068a. þeġnas: acc.pl. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’. 1081b. nemne: prep., w.dat., except. fēaum: dat.pl. of fēa, adj., a ‘few’. ānum: only: masc. dat.pl. of ān, ‘one’. 1082a. þæt: conj., so that (result). mehte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 1082b. on: in. þǣm: the. meðel-stede: masc. dat.sg., ‘meeting-place’, battle-field. 1083a. wīġ: acc.sg.; see 1080b. Henġeste: dat. of Henġest, masc., leader of the Healf-Dene. 1083b. wiht: adv., at all. ġefeohtan: st.3, to fight. 1084a. nē: conj., nor. þā: the: fem. acc.sg. wēa-lāfe: acc.sg. of wēa-lāf, fem., ‘woe-survivors’. 1084b. wīġe: dat.sg. of wīġ; see 1080b, 1083a. for-þringan: st.3, rescue from (dat.). 1085a. þēodnes: gen.sg. of þēoden, masc., leader; refers to Hnæf. ðeġne: dat.sg. of þeġn; Hengest; see 1081a. 1085b. ac: (not...) but. hiġ: = hī(e): they, i.e. Frisians; see Com. him: them, i.e. Hengest’s men. ġeþinġo: acc.pl. of ġeþinġe, neut., agreement. budon: pret. 3pl. of bēodan, st.2, to offer. 1086a. þæt: conj., ‘that’: introduces the clause amplifying ġeþinġo. hīe: they, i.e. the Frisians. him: them, i.e. Healf-Dene. ōðer: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘another’. flet: neut. acc.sg., hall. 1086b. eal: ‘all’: neut. acc.sg. ġerӯmdon: = -en: pret. subj. 3pl. of ġerȳman, wk.1, to clear [cf. room].

92

1090

1095

154r

1100

healle ond hēah-setl, þæt hīe healfre ġeweald

広間と玉座を、 彼ら (D) が半等分の力を

wið Ēotena bearn āgan mōston,

エーオタンの子ら (F) と 持てるように、

ond æt feoh-ġyftum Folcwaldan sunu

そして贈物の時には、 フォルクワルダの王子 (F) は

dōgra ġehwylċe Dene weorþode,

1090

毎日 デネ人らを褒め称え、

Henġestes hēap hringum wenede

ヘンジェストの軍勢を 指輪でもてなすという、

efne swā swīðe sinc-ġestrēonum

丁度、 宝物で

fǣttan goldes, swā hē Frēsena cyn

金張りの、 彼 (F) が （己の）フレーザン一族を

on bēor-sele byldan wolde.

宴会の広間で  激励するのと同じだけ。

Ðā hīe ġetruwedon on twā healfa

1095

やがて彼らは結んだ 双方とも

fæste frioðu-wǣre. Fin Henġeste

固い和平の約束を。 フィンはヘンジェストに

elne unflitme āðum |benemde,

疑いのない熱誠をもって 誓って宣言した、

þæt hē þā wēa-lāfe weotena dōme

自分は惨めな生残りを 賢人たちの判断に従い、

ārum hēolde, þæt ðǣr ǣniġ mon

手厚く遇すると、 またそこでは何人も

wordum nē worcum wǣre ne brǣċe,

1100

言葉でも行為でも 協定を破らず、

1087a. healle: acc.sg. of heal(l), fem, ‘hall’. hēah-setl: neut. acc.sg., ‘high-seat’, throne. 1087b. þæt: conj., so that (...might). hīe: they, i.e. Healf-Dene. healfre: fem. gen.sg. of healf, adj., ‘half ’. ġeweald: neut. acc.sg., power [G. Gewalt]. 1088a. wið: prep., w.acc., ‘with’. Ēotena: gen. of Ēoten; see 1072a. bearn: neut. / masc. acc.pl., child, son. 1088b. āgan: pret.-pres., to ‘own’, possess. mōston: pret. subj. 3pl. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, to be allowed. 1089a. feoh-ġyftum: dat.pl. of feoh-ġift, fem., ‘fee-giving’, dispensing of treasure. 1089b. Folcwaldan: gen.sg. of Folc-walda, wk. masc., father of Finn; literally, ‘People-ruler’. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’. 1090a. dōgra: gen.pl. of dōgor, neut., day. ġehwylċe: neut. instr.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each, every; w.gen. 1090b. Dene: masc. acc.pl. weorþode: pret. subj. 3sg. of weorðian, wk.2, to honour. 1091a. Henġestes: gen.; see 1083a. hēap: masc. acc.sg., troop, band [heap]. 1091b. hringum: dat.pl. of hring, masc., ‘ring’. wenede: pret. subj. 3sg. of wennan, wk.1, to present; w.dat. of thing & acc. of person. 1092a. efne swā: adv., just as [even, so]. swīðe: adv., (as) much (as). 1092b. sinc-ġestrēonum: dat.pl. of sinc-ġestrēon, neut., ‘treasure-treasure’. 1093a. fǣttan: wk. neut. gen.sg. of fǣ ted, adj. (pp.), plated. goldes: gen.sg. of gold, neut., ‘gold’; modifies sinc-ġestrēonum. 1093b. Frēsena: gen. of Frēsan, wk. masc. pl., the Frisians. cyn: neut. acc.sg., race [kin]. 1094a. bēor-sele: masc. dat.sg., ‘beer-hall’. 1094b. byldan: wk.1, to embolden [bold]. wolde: ‘would’: pret. 3sg. 1095a. Ða: adv., then. hīe: they. ġetruwedon: pret. 3pl. of ġetruwian, wk.2, to confirm. 1095b. on: w.acc., ‘on’. twā: fem. acc., ‘two’. healfa: acc. pl. of healf, fem., side. 1096a. fæste: fem. acc.sg. of fæ st, adj., ‘fast’. frioðu-wǣre: acc.sg. of frioðo-wǣ r, fem., ‘peace-treaty’. 1096b. Fin: nom. Henġeste: dat. 1097a. elne: dat.sg. of ellen, neut., courage. unflitme: adv., ? ‘undisputedly’; see Com. 1097b. āðum: dat.pl. of āð, masc., ‘oath’. benemde: pret. 3sg. of be-nemnan, wk.1, to declare. 1098a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the object clause. þā: the: fem. acc. sg. wēa-lāfe: acc.sg. of wēa-lāf, fem., ‘woe-survivors’; see 1084a. 1098b. weotena: gen.pl. of wita, wk. masc., wise man. dōme: dat.sg. of dōm, masc., decree [doom]. 1099a. ārum: honourably: dat.pl. of ār, fem. hēolde: pret. subj. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’. 1099b. þæt: conj., on condition that, provided that; see Com. ðǣr: ‘there’. ǣniġ mon: ‘any man’: masc. nom.sg. 1100a. wordum: dat.pl. of word, neut. nē: adv., nor. worcum: dat.pl. of weorc, neut., deed. 1100b. wǣre: acc.sg. of wǣ r, fem., treaty. brǣċe: pret. subj. 3sg. of brecan, st.4, to ‘break’.

93

1105

1110

nē þurh inwit-searo ǣfre ġemǣnden,

また悪意から 決して不満を述べてはならぬと、

ðēah hīe hira bēag-ġyfan banan folgedon

たとえ彼らが彼らの主君の 殺害者に仕えようとも、

ðēoden-lēase, þā him swā ġeþearfod wæs;

主君なきため 彼らにそれが止むを得ないのだから；

ġyf þonne Frӯsna hwylċ frēċnen sprǣċe

他方、もしフレーザンの誰かが 無謀な言葉によって

ðæs morþor-hetes myndgiend wǣre,

1105

あの殺害の憎しみを 思い出させることがあれば、

þonne hit sweordes eċġ s[ē]ðan sċolde.

剣の刃がそれを 解決するはずであると。

Ā[d] wæs ġeæfned ond i[n]ċġe-gold,

火葬の薪が用意された、 そして大量の黄金が、

āhæfen of horde. Here-Sċyldinga

宝庫より引出された。 「戦の」シュルディンガスの

betst beado-rinca wæs on bǣl ġearu.

最も優れた武士 (H) が 薪の山の上に置かれた。

Æt þǣm āde wæs ēþ-ġesӯne

1110

火葬の薪の所には 容易に見られた、

swāt-fāh syrċe, swӯn eal-gylden,

血に汚れた鎧と、 金箔でおおわれた野豚の像、

eofer īren-heard; æþeling maniġ

刀で鍛えられた猪像が； また多くの貴人らも

1101a. nē: conj., nor. þurh: prep., w.acc., ‘through’. inwit-searo: neut. acc.sg., ‘malice-contrivance’, enmity. 1101b. ǣfre: adv., ‘ever’. ġemǣnden: pret. subj. 3pl. of ġemǣ nan, wk.1, to complain of; notice the number changes from sg. brǣ ċe to pl. ġemǣ nden. 1102a. ðēah: conj., even ‘though’. hīe: they, i.e. Healf-Dene. hira: their. bēagġyfan: gen.sg. of bēag-ġyfa, wk. masc., ‘treasure-giver’, lord. 1102b. banan: dat.sg. of bana, wk. masc., murderer, slayer [bane]. folgedon: pret. subj. 3pl. of folgian, wk.2, to ‘follow’. 1103a. ðēoden-lēase: masc. nom.pl. of ðēoden-lēas, adj., ‘lord-less’. 1103b. þā: conj., when. him: them. swā: adv., ‘so’, ‘to do so’. ġeþearfod: pp. of ġeþearfian, wk.2, to necessitate. 1104a. ġyf: conj., ‘if ’. þonne: adv., on the other hand. Frӯsna: gen.pl. of Frēsan, Frȳsan; see 1093b. hwylċ: pron., masc. nom.sg., any(one). 1104b. frēċnen: late W-S form for -an: dat.sg.of wk. fem., frēċne, daring, audacious. sprǣċe: dat.sg. of sprǣ ċ, fem., ‘speech’. 1105a. ðæs: the: masc. gen.sg. morþorhetes: gen.sg. of morþor-hete, masc., ‘murder-hate’. 1105b. myndgiend: pres. part. of myndgian, wk.2, to remind, incite; w.gen. wǣre: ‘were’: subj. 3sg. of wesan, st.5, to be. 1106a. þonne: adv., (if...,) then. hit: ‘it’, neut. acc.sg.; indicates the content of if-clause. sweordes: gen.sg. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. eċġ: fem. nom.sg., sharp ‘edge’. 1106b. s[ē]ðan: wk.1., declare, settle; MS syððan (adv., afterwards); emended by Klaeber. sċolde: ‘should’, was to: pret. 3sg. 1107a. Ā[d]: masc. nom.sg., funeral pyre; MS að; emended by Grundtvig; see Com. ġeæfned: pp. of æ fnan, efnan, wk., to make ready. 1107b. ond: conj., ‘and’. i[n]ċġe-gold: neut. nom.sg., ‘immense gold’; MS icge gold; ‘icge is entirely obscure’ (Klaeber’s Notes, p. 173); emended by Singer (Beit. XII, 213f.) ; cf. 2577a inċġe-laf ‘mighty heirloom’; see Jack, pp. 93–4. 1108a. āhæfen: pp. of ā-hebban, st.6, to draw, lift. of: prep., from, out of. horde: dat.sg. of hord, neut., ‘hoard’. 1108b. Here-Sċyldinga: gen. of Here-Sċyldingas, ‘Army-Scyldingas’. 1109a. betst: ‘best’ (one), i.e. Hnæf: supl. masc. nom.sg. beado-rinca: gen.pl. of beado-rinc, masc., ‘war-man’, warrior. 1109b. bǣl: masc. acc.sg., funeral pyre. ġearu: adj., ready. 1110a. Æt: prep., w.dat., ‘at’. þǣm: the: masc. dat.sg. āde: dat.sg. of ād; see 1107a. 1110b. ēþ-ġesӯne: adj., ‘easily seen’. 1111a. swāt-fāh: adj., fem. acc. sg., ‘blood-stained’. syrċe: wk. fem. nom.sg., mail-shirt [sark]. 1111b. swӯn: neut. nom.sg., boar-image on a helmet [swine]. eal-gylden: adj. neut. nom.sg., ‘all-golden’. 1112a. eofer: masc. nom.sg., boar-image on a helmet [G. Eber]. īren-heard: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘iron-hard’, hardened by the sword. 1112b. æþeling: masc., nobleman, hero. maniġ: adj., ‘many’ a.

94

1115

wundum āwyrded; sume on wæle crungon.

傷を負った； 戦場に倒れた者が幾人もいた。

Hēt ðā Hildeburh æt Hnæfes āde

その時ヒルデブルフは命じた、 フナフの薪の所に

hire selfre sunu sweoloðe befæstan,

1115

彼女自身の息子を 炎に委ねるように、

bān-fatu bærnan, ond on bǣl dō[a]n

彼の骨の器を焼くため 薪の上に置くようにと、

[ēa]me on eaxle. Ides gnornode,

伯父の肩の上に。 女性 (H) は悼んで、

ġeōmrode ġiddum; gūð-rinc āstāh.

嘆きの歌を歌った； 勇士は積薪の上に登った。

154v

Wand |tō wolcnum wæl-fӯra mǣst,

雲へ立ち昇った この上なく大きな火葬の火は、

1120

hlynode for hlāwe; hafelan multon,

1120

塚の前で轟音をたてた； 頭は溶け、

ben-ġeato burston, ðonne blōd ætspranc,

傷口は裂けた、 血が飛び出したとき、

lāð-bite līċes. Līġ ealle forswealg,

体の切り傷は。 炎が、すべてを呑み込んだ、

gǣsta ġīfrost, þāra ðe þǣr gūð fornam

この上なく貪欲な霊火が、  戦がそこで命を奪った二人の、

bēġa folces; wæs hira blǣd sċacen.

どちらの国民からも； 栄光（の日々）は去った。

1113a. wundum: dat.pl. of wund, fem., ‘wound’. āwyrded: pp. of ā-wyrdan, wk.1, to destroy. 1113b. sume: masc. nom.pl. of sum, ‘some’ (one). wæle: dat.sg. of wæ l, neut., field of battle. crungon: pret. 3pl. of cringan, st.3, to fall in. 1114a. Hēt: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order; w. inf. ðā: adv., then. Hildeburh: fem. nom., wife of the Frisian king Finn. 1114b. Hnæfes: gen. of Hnæ f; see 1069b. āde: dat.sg. of ād, masc., funeral pyre. 1115a. hire: her: fem. gen.sg. selfre: fem. gen.sg. of self, sylf, ‘self ’. sunu: masc. acc.sg., ‘son’. 1115b. sweoloðe: dat.sg. of sweoloð, masc. / neut., flames. be-fæstan: wk.1, to entrust (e.g., a body to the funeral pyre). 1116a. bān-fatu: acc.pl. of bānfæ t, neut., ‘bone-vessel’, dead body [vat]. bærnan: wk.1, (vt.) to burn; cf. byrnan (vi.) ‘burn’. 1116b. ond: conj., ‘and’; see Com. on: prep., w.acc., (motion) onto. bǣl: masc. acc.sg., funeral pyre. dō[a]n: anom., to put, place [do]; MS don; expanded to a two-syllable word by Wrenn for metre. 1117a. [ēa]me: dat.sg. of eam, masc., (maternal) uncle; poss. dat.; MS earme. (adv., miserably); emended by Holthausen. eaxle: dat.sg. of eaxl, fem., shoulder; see 816b, 835a, 972a. 1117b. Ides: fem. nom.sg., woman, lady; cf. 620b, 1075b. gnornode: pret. 3sg of gnornian, wk.2, to mourn; see Com. 1118a. ġeōmrode: pret. 3sg. of ġeōmrian, wk.2, to lament. ġiddum: dat.pl. of ġid(d), ġyd(d), neut., song, formal speech; cf. 1065b. 1118b. gūð-rinc: masc. nom.sg, ‘war-man’, warrior; Hildeburh’s son. āstāh: pret. 3sg. of ā-stīgan, st.1, to ascend. 1119a. Wand: pret. 3sg. of windan, st.3, to fly, whirl. wolcnum: dat.pl. of wolcen, neut., cloud, (in pl.) sky, clouds [welkin]. 1119b. wæl-fӯra: gen.pl. of wæ l-fȳr, neut., ‘murder-fire’, funeral fire. mǣst: neut. nom.sg., greatest, supl. of miċel, adj., great. 1120a. hlynode: pret. 3sg. of hlynnan, wk.1, to roar. for: prep., w.dat., before, in front of. hlāwe: dat.sg. of hlǣ w, hlāw, masc., barrow. 1120b. hafelan: nom.pl. of hafela, wk. masc., head. multon: pret. 3pl. of meltan, st.3, to ‘melt’. 1121a. ben-ġeato: nom.pl. of ben-ġeat, neut., ‘wound-opening’, gash [gate]. burston: pret. 3pl. of berstan, st.3, to ‘burst’. 1121b. ðonne: conj., when. blōd: neut. nom.sg., ‘blood’. ætspranc: pret. 3sg. of æ t-springan, st.3, to ‘spring forth’. 1122a. lāð-bite: masc. nom.pl., ‘loathsome-bite’, wound. līċes: gen.sg. of līċ, neut., body. 1122b. Līġ: masc. nom.sg., flame, fire. ealle: ‘all’: masc. acc.pl. of eal(l). forswealg: pret. 3sg. of for-swelgan, st.3, to ‘swallow up’. 1123a. gǣsta: gen.pl. of gāst, gǣ st, masc., spirit, ghost. ġīfrost: supl. of ġīfre, adj., greedy, ravenous. 1123b. þāra ðe: of those who; depends on ealle. þǣr: ‘there’. gūð: fem. nom.sg., battle. fornam: pret. 3sg. of for-niman, st.4, to take away. 1124a. bēġa: masc.gen. of bēġen, both. folces: gen.sg. of folc, neut., ‘folk’. 1124b. hira: their. blǣd: masc. nom.sg., glory. sċacen: pp. of sċacan, st.6, to pass [shake].

95

・XVII・ 1125

1130

1135

XVII

ĠEwiton him ðā wīġend wīca nēosian

1125

 やがて武士たちは出発した 故郷の家に向かって、

frēondum befeallen, Frӯsland ġesēon,

仲間を失って、 フリースランドを見んものと、

hāmas ond hēa-burh. Henġest ðā ġӯt

我が家と大城市を。 ヘンジェストはなお

wæl-fāgne winter wunode mid Finne

海荒れの冬の間 フィンのもとに留まった 

[ea]l unhlitme; eard ġemunde,

全く不運にも； 故国を想った、

þēah þe [n]e meahte on mere drīfan

1130

彼にはできなかったけれども、 海に駆り立てることは

hringed-stefnan; holm storme wēol,

舳先の輪形の舟を；  海は嵐で沸き返って、

won wið winde; winter ӯþe belēac

風と争っていた； 冬は波を閉じ込めた

īs-ġebinde, oþ ðæt ōþer cōm,

氷の枷で、 次に巡ってくるまで

ġēar in ġeardas, swā nū ġӯt d[ōi]ð,

年〔春〕が人の住処に、 今なおそうしているように、

þā ðe syn-gāles sēle bewitiað,

1135

wuldor-torhtan weder. Ðā wæs winter sċacen,

たえず 季節の変わり目を見守っている、 明るく照る気候〔春〕が。 やがて冬が去り、

1125a. ĠEwiton: pret. 3pl. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart; w. inf. him: them: dat.pl.; refl. ðā: adv., then. wīġend: masc. nom.pl., warrior; ‘The Frisian warriors returned to their homes while the Danes remained with Finn (M & R, p. 85). 1125b. wīca: gen.pl. of wīċ, neut., dwelling-place; see 125b. nēosian: wk.1 and wk.2, inf., to go (to); w.gen.; cf. 125b. 1126a. frēondum: dat.pl. of frēond, masc., ‘friend’. befeallen: pp. of be-feallan, st.7, to be deprived of. 1126b. Frȳsland: acc.sg. of Frēs-land, neut., Friesland. ġesēon: st.5, inf., to ‘see’. 1127a. hāmas: acc.pl. of hām, masc. ‘home’. hēa-burh: fem. acc.sg., ‘high-borough’, great town. 1127b. Henġest: masc. nom.sg., leader of the Half-Dene. ðā: adv., then. ġȳt: adv., still. 1128a. wæl-fāgne: masc. acc.sg. of wæ l-fāg, adj., ‘slaughter-stained’, ?stormy. winter: masc. acc.sg., ‘winter’; adverbial. 1128b. wunode: pret. 3sg. of wunian, wk.2, to dwell, remain. mid: prep., w.dat., with. Finne: masc. dat., Frisian king. 1129a. [ea]l: adv., all, wholly; Finne / eal, MS finnel; emended by Klaeber. unhlitme: ? adv., ‘un-happily’. 1129b. eard: masc. acc.sg., dwelling, home [G. Erde]. ġemunde: pret. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to think about. 1130a. þēah þe: conj., though. [n]e: adv., not; MS he; emended by Holthausen. meahte: pret. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can, ‘may’. 1130b. on: prep., w.acc., into, on. mere: masc. acc.sg., sea. drīfan: st.1, to ‘drive’. 1131a. hringed-stefnan: acc.sg. of hringed-stefna, wk. masc., ‘ring-prowed ship’. 1131b. holm: masc. nom.sg., sea. storme: dat.sg. of storm, masc., ‘storm’. wēol: pret. 3sg. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’ (up), surge. 1132a. won: pret. 3sg. of winnan, st.3, to fight, struggle. wið: prep., w.dat., against. winde: dat.sg. of wind, masc., ‘wind’. 1132b. winter: masc. nom.sg., ‘winter’. ȳþe: acc.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. belēac: pret. 3sg. of be-lūcan, st.2, to ‘lock into ice’. 1133a. īs-ġebinde: dat.sg. of īs-ġebind, neut., ‘icebond’. 1133b. oþ ðæt: conj., until. ōþer: neut. nom.sg., another (year). cōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 1134a. ġēar: neut. nom.sg., ‘year’. in: prep., w.acc., to. ġeardas: acc.pl. of ġeard, masc., dwelling [yard]. 1134b. swā: conj., just as. nū ġȳt: cf. 1127b. d[ōi]ð: pres. 3sg. of dōn, anom., to do; pro-verb; MS deð; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 1135a. þā ðe: those which; þā: masc. nom.pl.; agrees with weder in 1136a; see Com. syn-gāles: adv., continually. 1135b. sēle: acc.pl. of sǣ l, masc. / fem., proper time, season. bewitiað: pres. 3pl. of be-witian, wk.2, to watch over. 1136a. wuldor-torhtan: wk. neut. nom.pl. of wuldor-torht, adj., ‘wonder-bright’.

weder: neut. nom.

pl., ‘weather’. 1136b. Ðā: adv., then. winter: masc. nom.sg.; see 1132b. sċacen: pp. of sċacan, st.6, to go, depart [shake].

96

大地の懐は美しくなった； 異国にいる者 (H) は出て行

fæġer foldan bearm; fundode wreċċa,

きたかった、

ġist of ġeardum; hē tō gyrn-wræce

客は住まいから； 彼は加害に対する仕返しを

155r

swīðor |þōhte þonne tō sǣ-lāde,

むしろ心に懐いた、 船旅よりも、

1140

ġif hē torn-ġemōt þurhtēon mihte,

1145

1140

もし彼が合戦を 起こすことができればと、

þæt hē Ēotena bearn inne ġemunde.

彼がエーオタンの子ら （への恨み）を 内心忘れられずに。

Swā hē ne forwyrnde

それ故彼は拒否しなかった、 復讐の掟を、

worold-rǣdenne,

þonne him Hūnlāfing hilde-lēoman,

フーンラーヴィングが 戦の光り〔剣〕を、

billa sēlest on bearm dyde;

最も優れた刃を、 彼の膝の上に置いたとき；

þæs wǣron mid Ēotenum eċġe cūðe.

1145

エーオタンの間に その刃はよく知られていた。

Swylċe ferhð-freċan Fin eft beġeat

かくして心猛き フィンに今度はもたらされた、

sweord-bealo slīðen æt his selfes hām,

恐ろしい剣による死が 彼自身の居城で、

siþðan grimne gripe Gūðlāf ond Ōslāf

激しい攻撃（を受けたこと）を グースラーフとオースラーフが

1137a. fæġer: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘fair’. foldan: gen.sg. of folde, wk. fem., earth. bearm: masc. nom.sg., bosom. 1137b. fundode: pret. 3sg. of fundian, wk.2, to be eager to go. wreċċa: wk. masc. nom.sg., exile, ‘wretch’. 1138a. ġist: masc. nom.sg., stranger, ‘guest’. of: prep., w.dat., from. ġeardum: dat.pl. of ġeard, masc., dwelling, ‘yard’; cf. 1134a. 1138b. tō: ‘to’: with the verb of thinking. gyrn-wræce: dat.sg. of gyrn-wracu, fem., ‘revenge for injury’. 1139a. swīðor: rather: compar. of swīðe, adv., very, much. þōhte: pret. 3sg. of þenċan, wk.1, to think. 1139b. þonne: conj., than. sǣ-lāde: dat.sg. of sǣ -lād, fem., sea-journey. 1140a. ġif: conj., wondering ‘if’. torn-ġemot: neut. acc.sg., ‘hostile encounter’. 1140b. þurh-tēon: st.2, to bring about. mihte: pret. subj. 3sg. of magan, pret.pres., can. 1141a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; leads the clause amplifying ġyrn-wrace. Ēotena: gen. of Ēotan, wk. masc.pl., ‘Jutes’, the people of Finn. bearn: neut. / masc. acc.pl., descendants, children. 1141b. inne: adv., within, inside; Klaeber accepts īrne (with a sword) emended by Trautmann. ġemunde: pret. subj. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember. 1142a. Swā: adv., ‘so’, thus. ne: adv., not. forwyrnde: pret. 3sg. of for-wyrnan, wk.1, to refuse; w.gen. of thing. 1142b. worold-rǣdenne: gen.sg. of worold-rǣ den, fem., ‘world-law’, revenge. 1143a. þonne: conj., when. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. Hunlāfing: masc. nom.sg., Danish warrior, son of Hunlaf. 1143b. hilde-lēoman: acc. sg. of hilde-lēoma, wk. masc., battle-light; a kenning for ‘sword’. 1144a. billa: gen.pl. of bil(l), neut., sword. sēlest: neut. acc.sg. supl. of gōd, adj., ‘good’, excellent. 1144b. on: prep., w.acc., onto. bearm: masc. acc.sg., bosom, lap. dyde: pret. 3sg. of dōn, anom., to put [do]. 1145a. þæs: about that: neut. gen.sg. of þæ t. wǣron: ‘were’: pret. 3pl. of wesan, st.5. mid: prep., w.dat., among. Ēotenum: dat.pl. of Ēotan; see 902b; cf. 1141a. 1145b. eċġe: nom.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’, sword. cūðe: pp. and adj., fem. nom.pl. of cūð, well known. 1146a. Swylċe: adv., likewise. ferhð-freċan: wk. masc. acc.sg. of ferhð-freċ, adj., ‘spirit-bold’. 1146b. Fin: masc. acc.sg., Frisian king. eft: adv., afterwards. beġeat: pret. 3sg. of be-ġytan, st.5, to happen. 1147a. sweord-bealo: neut. nom.sg., ‘sword-bale (= death)’. slīðen: adj., neut. nom.sg., cruel. 1147b. selfes: his own; masc. gen.sg. of self, ‘self’. hām: masc. dat.sg., ‘home’. 1148a. siþðan: conj., when. grimne: masc. acc.sg. of grim(m), adj., ‘grim’, fierce. gripe: masc. acc.sg., a ‘grip’, attack. 1148b. Gūðlāf: masc. nom.sg., Danish warrior. Ōslāf: masc. nom.sg., Danish warrior; they are Hengest’s men; cf. Finnesburg Fragment 16.

97

æfter sǣ-sīðe sorge mǣndon, 1150

船旅の後で 悲しみ （を受けたこと）を訴え、

ætwiton wēana dǣl; ne meahte wǣfre mōd

1150

forhabban in hreþre. Ðā wæs heal hroden

災いの責めを （Finn に）負わせたとき； 波立つ心は 胸の中に留まっていれなかったのだ。 それから広間は 染められて、

1155

155v

fēonda fēorum, swilċe Fin slæġen,

敵同士の血で、 フィンも殺された、

cyning on corþre, ond sēo cwēn numen.

王も彼の部隊と共に、 そして妃は奪われた。

Sċēotend Sċyldinga tō sċypon feredon

シュルディンガスの武士たちは 舟に運んだ、

eal in-ġesteald eorð-cyninges,

1155

swylċe hīe æt Finnes hām findan meahton

彼らがフィンの居城に 見出し得るものは何でも、

siġla searo-ġimma. Hīe on sǣ-lāde

貴重な宝石の首飾りも。 彼らは船旅で

drihtlīċe wīf tō Denum feredon,

高貴な女人を デネに運んだ、

lǣddon |tō lēodum.

故国に連れ帰った。

Lēoð wæs āsungen, 1160

すべての家財を この国の王の、

歌は最後まで歌われた、

glēo-mannes ġyd. Gamen eft āstāh,

1160

beorhtode benċ-swēġ, byrelas sealdon

歌人の歌物語は。 歓声が再び上がった、 宴会のざわめきがよく響いた、 酌人がついだ

1149a. sǣ-sīðe: dat.sg. of sǣ -sīð, masc., ‘sea’-journey; refers to their journey back in spring. 1149b. sorge: acc.sg. of sorh, fem., ‘sorrow’. mǣndon: pret. 3pl. of mǣ nan, wk.1, to complain of. 1150a. ætwiton: pret. 3pl. of æ twitan, st.1, to blame. wēana: gen.pl. of wēa, wk. masc., ‘woe’. dǣl: masc. acc.sg., share [deal]. 1150b. meahte: pret. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can. wǣfre: adj., neut. nom.sg., restless. mōd: neut. nom.sg., mind. 1151a. forhabban: wk.3, to hold back. hreþre: dat.sg. of hreðer, neut., heart. 1151b. Ðā: adv., then. heal: fem. nom.sg., ‘hall’. hroden: pp. of hrēodan, st.2, to adorn, stain; see Com. 1152a. fēonda: gen.pl. of fēond, masc., enemy. fēorum: dat.pl. of feorh, neut., life-blood or corpse. 1152b. swilċe: = swylċe; adv., also. Fin: see 1146b. slæġen: pp. of slēan, st.6, to ‘slay’. 1153a. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. on: among. corþre: dat.sg. of corþer, neut., troop. 1153b. sēo: the, that. cwēn: fem. nom.sg., ‘queen’. numen: pp. of niman, st.4, to take. 1154a. Sċēotend: masc. nom.pl., warrior, ‘shooter’. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 1154b. sċypon: -um: dat.pl. of sċip, neut., ‘ship’. feredon: pret. 3pl. of ferian, wk.1, to carry, ‘ferry’. 1155a. eal: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘all’. in-ġesteald: neut. acc.sg., ‘dwelling-possession’, household goods [inn]. 1155b. eorð-cyninges: gen.sg. of eorð-cyning, masc., ‘land-king’. 1156a. swylċe: rel. pron., masc. acc.pl., such things as. hīe: they. Finnes: gen. of Fin(n). hām: masc. dat.sg., ‘home’. 1156b. findan: st.3, to ‘find’. meahton: pret. 3pl. of magan, pret.-pres., can, may. 1157a. siġla: gen.pl. of siġle, neut., brooch, necklace; modifies swylċe. searo-ġimma: gen.pl. of searo-ġimm, masc., precious gem; modifies siġla. 1157b. Hīe: see 1156a. sǣ-lāde: dat.sg. of sǣ -lād, fem., ‘sea-journey’. 1158a. drihtlīċe: wk. neut. acc.sg. of dryhtlīċ, adj., noble, splendid. wīf: neut. acc.sg., woman, lady [wife]. 1158b. Denum: dat. of Dene. feredon: see 1154b. 1159a. lǣddon: pret. 3pl. of lǣ dan, wk.1, to ‘lead’, bring. lēodum: dat. of lēode, masc. pl., people. 1159b. Lēoð: neut. nom.sg., song, lay [G. Lied]. āsungen: pp. of ā-singan, st.3, to sing. 1160a. glēo-mannes: gen.sg. of glēo-man(n), masc., ‘gleeman’, singer. ġyd: neut. nom.sg., song. 1160b. Gamen: neut. nom.sg., joy, mirth [game]. eft: adv., again. āstāh: pret. 3sg. of ā-stīgan, st.1, to ascend, arise. 1161a. beorhtode: pret. 3sg. of beorhtian, wk.2, to resound. benċ-swēġ: masc. nom.sg., ‘bench-sound’, revelry. 1161b. byrelas: nom.pl. of byrele, masc., cup bearer. sealdon: pret. 3pl. of sellan, wk.1, to serve [sell].

98

wīn of wunder-fatum. Þā cwōm Wealhþēo forð

立派な器からぶどう酒を。 するとウェアルホセーオが出 られて、

gān under gyldnum bēage þǣr þā gōdan twēġen

金の冠を被られて行かれた、 二人の貴人が、

sǣton suhterġe-fæderan;

甥と叔父とが座っているところへ； その時はまだ彼ら

þā ġӯt wæs hiera sib

ætgædere, 1165

ǣġhwylċ ōðrum trӯwe.

の友情は固く、

Swylċe þǣr [Un]ferþ

1165

þyle

官のウンフェルスが

æt fōtum sæt frēan Sċyldinga; ġehwylċ hiora his

シュルディンガスの王の足元に座っていた； 彼らのい ずれもが彼 (U) の心を、

ferhþe trēowde, þæt hē hæfde mōd miċel, þēah þe hē his māgum nǣre

彼が勇気を持っているのを信じた、 彼は血縁者に対し

ār-fæst æt eċġa ġelācum.

剣戟で情け深くなかったが。 その時シュルディンガスの

Spræc ðā ides

Sċyldinga:

妃は語られた：

“Onfōh þissum fulle, frēo-drihten mīn, 1170

それぞれ相手に対し誠実であった。 そこにはまた顧問

『この杯をお受け下さい、 わが気高い主君よ、

sinces brytta! Þū on sǣlum wes,

1170

宝の分配者よ！ お楽しみ下さい、

1162a. wīn: neut. acc.sg., ‘wine’. of: prep., w.dat., from. wunder-fatum: dat.pl. of wunder-fæ t, neut., wondrous vessel. 1162b. Þā: adv., then. cwōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to come; with a verb of motion. Wealhþēo: fem. nom.sg., Danish queen, consort of Hrothgar. forð: adv., ‘forth’. 1163a. gān: anom., inf., to ‘go’. under: prep., w.dat., covered by. gyldnum: masc. dat.sg. of gylden, adj., ‘golden’. 1163b. bēage: dat.sg. of bēag, bēah, masc., circular ornament, ring, bracelet, collar, crown. þǣr: rel. adv., to the place where. þā: the: nom.pl. gōdan: wk. masc. nom.pl. of gōd, adj., ‘good’, noble. twēġen: num., masc. nom.pl., ‘twain’, two. 1164a. sǣton: pret. 3pl. of sittan, st.5, to ‘sit’. suhterġe-fæderan: wk. masc. nom.pl., nephew and uncle, i.e. Hrothulf and Hrothgar; suhterga nephew + fæ deran uncle; see āþum-swē[orum] in 84b; cf. Widsith 46b. 1164b. þā: adv., then. ġȳt: adv., still. hiera: their: gen.pl. sib: fem. nom.sg., friendship. ætgædere: adv., together. 1165a. ǣġhwylċ: pron., masc. nom.sg., each. ōðrum: masc. dat.sg. of ōðer, ‘other’. trȳwe: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘true’, faithful. 1165b. Swylċe: adv., also. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. [Un]ferþ: masc. nom., son of Ecglaf; see 499a; MS hunferþ; emended by almost all editors. þyle: masc. nom.sg., official spokesman. 1166a. fōtum: dat.pl. of fōt, masc., ‘foot’. sæt: pret. 3sg. of sittan, st.5, to ‘sit’. frēan: gen.sg. of frēa, wk. masc., lord, king. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 1166b. ġehwylċ: pron., nom.sg., each, every (one). hiora: of them: gen.pl.; cf. 1164b. ferhþe: dat.sg. of ferhð, masc. / neut., mind, heart. trēowde: pret. 3sg. of trēowan, wk.1, to trust in; w.dat. 1167a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the clause amplifying ferhðe. hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’. mōd: neut. acc.sg., high spirit, courage [mood]. miċel: adj., neut. acc.sg. great, large. 1167b. þēah þe: conj., though; this clause is a litotes of what was stated in 587. māgum: dat.pl. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman. nǣre: = ne wǣ re: subj. 3sg. neg. of wesan, st.5, to be. 1168a. ār-fæst: adj., masc. nom.sg., merciful. eċġa: gen.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’ of sword. ġelācum: dat.pl. of ġelāc, neut., (sword) play. 1168b. Spræc: pret. 3sg. of sprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’, say. ðā: adv., then. ides: fem. nom.sg., lady. Sċyldinga: see 1166a. 1169a. Onfōh: imper. sg. of on-fōn, st.7, to receive, accept; w.dat. þissum: neut. dat.sg. of þis, ‘this’. fulle: dat.sg. of ful, neut., cup. 1169b. frēo-drihten: masc. voc.sg., ‘noble lord’. mīn: ‘my, mine’: masc. voc. sg. 1170a. sinces: gen. sg. of sinc, neut., treasure, jewels. brytta: wk. masc., voc.sg., distributor. 1170b. Þū: ‘thou’: voc. on: prep., w.dat., in, at. sǣlum: dat.pl. of sǣ l, masc. / fem., pleasure, joy. wes: imper. sg. of wesan, st. 5, to be.

99

gold-wine gumena, ond tō Ġēatum spræc

人々の寛大なる友よ、 そしてイェーアタスの人々に話されよ、

mildum wordum, swā sċeal man dō[a]n!

優しい言葉で、 人のなすべきように！

Bēo wið Ġēatas glæd, ġeofena ġemyndiġ,

イェーアタスの方々に親切にして下さい、 贈物お忘れ なきよう、

1174

nēan ond feorran [þe] þū nū hafast.

156r

Mē man sæġde, þæt |þū ðē for sunu wolde

1180

おちこちより到来せる、 殿がお持ちの。 1175

私の耳に入りました、 殿はあなたの息子になさりたいとか、

here-ri[n]c habban. Heorot is ġefǣlsod,

この武士 (B) を。 ヘオロトは清められました、

bēah-sele beorhta; brūc þenden þū mōte

輝ける宝環の広間は； できる間はお与え下さい、

maniġra mēdo, ond þīnum māgum lǣf

幾多の褒賞を、 そしてあなたの親族にお残し下さい、

folc ond rīċe þonne ðū forð sċyle,

国民と領土を、 あなたが去られるとき、

metod-sċeaft sēo[ha]n. Iċ mīnne can

1180

運命の定めた死に会うために。 私は知っています、

glædne Hrōþulf, þæt hē þā ġeogoðe wile

わが優しいフローズルフが、 この王子たちを

ārum healdan, ġyf þū ǣr þonne hē,

立派に守ってくれることを、 もしあなたが彼より先に、

1171a. gold-wine: masc. voc.sg., gold-friend, generous lord. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. 1171b. Ġēatum: dat. of Ġēatas. spræc: imper. sg. of sprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’, say; cf. 1168b. 1172a. mildum: neut. dat.pl. of milde, adj., ‘mild’. wordum: dat.pl. of word, neut., ‘word’. 1172b. swā: conj., just as. sċeal: pres. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., shall, must. man: masc., nom.sg., ‘man’. dō[a]n: anom., to ‘do’; MS don; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 1173a. Bēo: imper. sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. wið: prep., w.acc., toward. Ġēatas: acc. glæd: adj., masc. nom.sg., kind, gracious [glad]. 1173b. ġeofena: gen.pl. of ġifu, fem., ‘gift’. ġemyndiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., mindful (of); w.gen. 1174a. nēan: adv., from near. feorran: adv., from afar. 1174b. [þe]: rel. particle, which; no gap in MS; supplied by Mitchell (1985, II, §2311). hafast: pres. 2sg. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’. 1175a. Mē: ‘to me’: dat. man: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. sæġde: pret. 3sg. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’. 1175b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. þū: see 1174b. ðē: ‘thee’: poss. dat. for: prep., w.acc., ‘for’, as. sunu: masc. acc.sg., ‘son’. wolde: pret. subj. 2sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to want. 1176a. here-ri[n]c: masc. acc.sg., army-ruler, war-hero; MS here ric; emended by Kemble. habban: wk. 3, to have. 1176b. Heorot: masc. nom. ġefǣlsod: pp. of fǣ lsian, wk.2, to cleanse. 1177a. bēah-sele: masc. nom.sg., ‘treasure-hall’. beorhta: wk. masc. nom.sg. of beorht, adj., ‘bright’, brilliant. 1177b. brūc: imper. sg. of brūcan, st.2, to make use of, i.e. dispense; w.gen. þenden: conj., while. mōte: pres. subj. 2sg. of mōtan, pret.pres., may, can. 1178a. maniġra: fem. gen.pl. of maniġ, adj., many. mēdo: gen.pl. of mēd, fem., reward, payment [meed]. 1178b. þīnum: masc. dat.pl. of þīn, ‘thy, thine’. māgum: dat.pl. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman. lǣf: imper. sg. of lǣ fan, wk.1, to ‘leave’. 1179a. folc: neut. acc.sg., ‘folk’, people. rīċe: neut. acc.sg., kingdom [G. Reich]. 1179b. þonne: conj., when. forð: adv., ‘forth’, away. sċyle: pret. subj. 2sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., has to, should. 1180a. metod-sċeaft: fem. acc.sg., ‘fate-decree’, death. sēo[ha]n: st.5, to ‘see’; MS seon; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 1180b. mīnne: masc. acc.sg. of mīn, ‘my, mine’; modifies glæ dne Hrōþulf in 1181a. can: pres. 1sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know. 1181a. glædne: masc. acc.sg. of glæ d, adj., kind, gracious; cf. 1173a. Hrōþulf: masc. acc.sg., son of Halga. 1181b. þæt: conj., ‘that’; leads the clause amplifying glæ dne Hrōþulf. þā: the, that: fem. acc.sg. ġeogoðe: acc.sg. of ġeogoð, fem., (collectively) young persons. wile: pres. 3sg. of willan, anom., to ‘will’. 1182a. ārum: dat.pl. of ār, fem., honour [G. Ehre]. healdan: st.7, to keep, guard. 1182b. ġyf: conj., ‘if ’. ǣr: adv., before, sooner. þonne: conj., ‘than’.

100

wine Sċildinga, worold oflǣtest;

シュルディングの王よ、 世を去られるときには；

wēne iċ þæt hē mid gōde ġyldan wille

私は期待しております、 彼が良き行いもて報いてくれ ることを

1185

uncran eaferan, ġif hē þæt eal ġemon,

1185

我らの息子たちに、  もし彼がそのすべてを忘れなければ、

hwæt wit tō willan ond tō worð-myndum

我ら二人が彼の喜びと 名誉となるように

umbor-wesendum ǣr ārna ġefremedon.”

幼いときに どれだけ恩恵を施したかを』

Hwearf þā bī benċe, þǣr hyre byre wǣron,

それから（W は）長椅子の方に向かった、 彼女の息子 たちのいる方に、

Hrēðrīċ ond Hrōðmund, ond hæleþa bearn, 1190

ġiogoð ætgædere; þǣr se gōda sæt

フレーズリーチとフローズムンド そして勇士らの子ら、 1190

Bēowulf Ġēata be þǣm ġebrōðrum twǣm.

若者が集まっている所へ； そこには勇者が座っていた、 イェーアタスのべーオウルフが 二人の兄弟の傍らに。

1183a. wine: masc. voc.sg., friendly lord. Sċildinga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 1183b. worold: fem. acc.sg., ‘world’ [G. Welt]. oflǣtest: pres. 2sg. of of-lǣ tan, st.7, to leave. 1184a. wēne: pres. 1sg. of wēnan, wk.1, to think, expect. þæt: conj., ‘that’. mid: prep., w.dat., with. gōde: dat.sg. of gōd, neut., good deeds. 1184b. ġyldan: st.3, to repay. wille: ‘will’: pres. 3sg. of willan; cf. 1181b. 1185a. uncran: masc. dat.pl. of uncer, poss. adj., of us two. eaferan: dat.pl. of eafora, wk. masc., offspring, son. 1185b. ġif: conj., ‘if ’. þæt: ‘that’, it: neut. acc.sg. eal: ‘all’: neut. acc.sg.; þæ t eal anticipates hwæ t-clause. ġemon: pres. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember. 1186a. hwæt: interr. pron., neut. acc.sg., ‘what’; modified by arna as ‘what (of) benefits’. wit: we two: nom. tō: prep., w.dat., for, as. willan: dat.sg. of willa, wk. masc., delight, joy. 1186b. worð-myndum: dat.pl. of weorð-mynd, fem.?, ‘worth-mind’, glory. 1187a. umbor-wesendum: masc. dat.sg. of umbor-wesende, adj. (pres. part.), being a child; cf. cniht-wesende in 372b, 535b. ǣr: adv., early. 1187b. ārna: gen.pl. of ār, fem., benefit, help; modifies hwæ t. ġefremedon: pret. 1pl. of ġefremman, wk.1, to do, carry out. 1188a. Hwearf: pret. 3sg. of hweorfan, st.3, to turn, go. þā: adv., then. bī: prep., w.dat., ‘by’, near. benċe: dat.sg. of benċ, fem., ‘bench’. 1188b. þǣr: rel. adv., where. hyre: ‘her’: gen.sg. of hēo, fem., she. byre: masc. nom.pl., sons. wǣron: ‘were’: pret. 3pl. of wesan, st.5, to be. 1189a. Hrēðrīċ, Hrōðmund: masc. nom.sg.; sons of Hrothgar. 1189b. hæleþa: gen.pl. of hæ le, hæ leð, masc., hero. bearn: neut. / masc., nom.pl., children. 1190a. ġiogoð: fem. nom.sg., (collectively) young persons, ‘youth’. ætgædere: adv., together. 1190b. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. se: the: masc. nom.sg. gōda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of gōd, adj., ‘good’, brave. sæt: pret. 3sg. of sittan, st.5, to ‘sit’. 1191a. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. 1191b. be: prep., w.dat., ‘by’, near, beside; cf. 1188a. þǣm: the, that: dat.pl. ġebrōðrum: dat. of ġebrōðor, masc. pl., brothers. twǣm: masc. dat. of twēġen, ‘twain’, two.

101

・XVIII・

XVIII

HIm wæs ful boren, ond frēond-laþu

 彼に杯が運ばれた、 そして歓迎の友情（の杯）が

wordum bewægned, ond wunden-gold

言葉と共に献じられた、 そして環形の黄金が

1194

ēstum ġeēawed, earm-rēade twā,

快く贈られた、 二つの腕輪、

156v

hræġl ond hring|as, heals-bēaga mǣst

1195

鎧と指輪、 最も大きな首飾りが、

þāra þe iċ on foldan ġefræġen hæbbe.

私がこの世で これまで聞いた中で。

Nǣniġne iċ under sweġle sēlran hӯrde

天が下で私は決して これ以上立派なものを聞いたこ とがない

1200

hord-mā[ðð]mum hæleþa, syþðan Hāma ætwæg

武士たちの宝物として、 ハーマが持ち去ってからは、

tō [þǣ]re byrhtan byriġ Brōsinga mene,

輝く城市へ ブローズィンガスの首飾りを、

siġle ond sinc-fæt, ― searo-nīðas fēalh

1200

宝石の高価な象嵌を、  ― 彼 (H) は騙まし討ちを逃れた

Eormenrīċes, ġeċēas ēċne rǣd. ―

エオルメンリーチの； 彼は永遠のご利益を選んだ。―

Þone hring hæfde Hiġelāc Ġēata,

この首飾りを持っていた、  イェーアタスのヒュエラークが、

nefa Swertinges nӯhstan sīðe,

スウェルティングの甥が、 最後の遠征のときに、

1192a. ful: neut. nom.sg., (filled) cup, beaker. boren: pp. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 1192b. frēond-laþu: fem. nom.sg., ‘friend-invitation’. 1193a. wordum: dat. pl. of word, neut., ‘word’. bewægned: pp. of be-wæ gnan, wk.1, to offer. 1193b. wunden-gold: neut. nom.sg., ‘wound-gold’. 1194a. ēstum: dat.pl. of ēst, fem., good will, bounty. ġeēawed: pp. of ġeȳwan, wk.1, to bestow, present. 1194b. earm-rēade: nom.pl. of earm-rēad, fem., ‘arm-ring’; MS form reade, variant of -hread (e.g. Klaeber, earm[h]rēad). twā: fem. nom.pl., ‘two’. 1195a. hræġl: neut. nom.sg, corslet. hringas: nom.pl. of hring, masc., ‘ring’. 1195b. heals-bēaga: gen.pl. of heals-bēag, masc., ‘neck-ring’, collar. mǣst: supl. of miċel, adj., great, large. 1196a. þāra þe: rel., of which. foldan: dat.sg. of folde, wk. fem., earth, ground. 1196b. ġefræġen: pp. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to learn, hear of. hæbbe: ‘have’: pres. 1sg., aux. 1197a. Nǣniġne: masc. of nǣ niġ, pron., not any, none; see Com. sweġle: dat.sg. of sweġl, neut., sky, heaven. 1197b. sēlran: masc. acc.sg. of sēlra, better, compar. of gōd, adj., ‘good’; modifies Nǣ niġne. hӯrde: pret. 1sg. of hȳran, wk.1, to hear of. 1198a. hord-mā[ðð]mum: dat.pl. of hord-māððum, masc., ‘hoard-treasure’, jewel；MS hord mad mum; emended by Grein. hæleþa: gen.pl. of hæ le(ð), masc., hero, warrior. 1198b. syþðan: conj., ‘since’. Hāma: wk. masc., legendary person of the Goths. ætwæg: pret. 3sg. of æ t-wegan, st.5, to carry away. 1199a. [þǣ]re: the, that: fem. dat.sg.; MS here; emended by Ettmüller. byrhtan: wk. fem. dat.sg. of adj., byrht, beorht, ‘bright’, shining. byriġ: dat.sg. of fem., burh, stronghold [borough; G. Burg]. 1199b. Brōsinga: gen. of Brōsingas, masc. pl., tribal name. mene: masc. acc.sg., necklace; for Brōsinga mene, see Com on 1197–1214a. 1200a. siġle: neut. acc.sg., jewel. sinc-fæt: neut. acc.sg., ‘treasure-cup’ [vat], but Klaeber interprets this as ‘precious setting’ (Notes, p. 179). 1200b. searo-nīðas: acc.pl. of searo-nīð, masc., ‘contrived enmity’. fēalh: pret. 3sg. of fēolan, st.3, to pass through; often emended as flēah (pret. 3sg. of flēon, st.2, ‘flee’). 1201a. Eormenrīċes: gen. of Eormenrīċ, masc., king of the East Goths. 1201b. ġeċēas: pret. 3sg. of ġeċēosan, st.2, to ‘choose’; for this half-line see Com. ēċne: masc. acc.sg. of ēċe, adj., eternal. rǣd: masc. acc.sg., benefit. 1202a. Þone: the, that: masc. acc.sg. hring: masc. acc.sg., ‘ring’. hæfde: ‘had’, held: pret. 3sg. 1202b. Hiġelāc: nom. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. 1203a. nefa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘nephew’. Swertinges: gen.sg. of Swerting, masc., uncle of Hygelac. 1203b. nӯhstan: masc. dat.sg. of nyhsta, last [next], supl. of nēah, adj., ‘nigh’. sīðe: dat.sg. of sīð, masc., expedition.

102

siðþan hē under seġne sinc ealgode, 1205

1210

1215

彼が軍旗の下に 宝物を守り、

wæl-rēaf werede; hyne wyrd fornam,

1205

戦利品を保持していた時； 運命が彼を奪い去った、

syþðan hē for wlenċo wēan āhsode,

彼が高慢から もめごとを自ら招いたとき、

fǣhðe tō Frӯsum. Hē þā frætwe wæg,

フレーザンとの争いを。 その時彼は装飾品類を、

eorclan-stānas ofer ӯða ful,

宝石類を持参していた、 波の器〔海〕を越えて、

rīċe þēoden; hē under rande ġecranc.

この強力な王は； 彼は楯の下に倒れた。

Ġehwearf þā in Francna fæþm feorh cyninges

1210

その際フランカンの手中に落ちた 王の遺骸と

brēost-ġewǣdu, ond se bēah somod;

胸鎧と その首飾りも一緒に；

wyrsan wīġ-frecan wæl rēafeden

劣れる武士たち〔敵〕が 死体をはぎ取った

æfter gūð-sċeare; Ġēata lēode

殺戮の後で； イェーアタスの人々は 

hrēa-wīċ hēoldon. ― Heal swēġe onfēng.

屍の住まいを守った。 ― 広間はざわめいた。

Wealhðēo maþelode, hēo fore þǣm werede spræc:

1215

“Brūc ðisses bēages, Bēowulf lēofa,

ウェアルホセーオウは語った、 彼女は一同の前で述べた： 『この首飾りを使うがよい、 親愛なるベーオウルフよ、

1204a. siðþan: conj., when. seġne: dat.sg. of seġn, masc. or neut., standard [cf. sign]. 1204b. sinc: neut. acc.sg., treasure, jewels. ealgode: pret. 3sg. of ealgian, wk.2, to defend. 1205a. wæl-rēaf: neut. acc.sg., ‘battle-spoil’ [reif]. werede: pret. 3sg. of werian, wk.1, to guard. 1205b. hyne: him: acc. wyrd: fem. nom.sg., fate, death [weird]. fornam: pret. 3sg. of for-niman, st.4, to take away. 1206a. syþðan: conj., when. for: prep., w.dat., out of, because of. wlenċo: wk. fem. dat.sg., pride, arrogance. 1206b. wēan: acc.sg. of wēa, wk. masc., trouble, ‘woe’. āhsode: pret. 3sg. of āhsian, āscian, wk.2, to ‘ask’ for. 1207a. fǣhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’. tō: prep., w.dat., ‘to’, toward. Frӯsum: dat.pl. of Frēsan, Frȳsan, wk. masc. pl., Fresan (the Frisians). 1207b. þā: the, that: acc.pl. frætwe: fem. acc.pl., ornaments. wæg: pret. 3sg. of wegan, st.5, to carry. 1208a. eorclan-stānas: acc.pl. of eorclan-stān, masc., ‘precious stone’; see Com. 1208b. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. ӯða: gen.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. ful: neut. acc.sg., (filled) cup, beaker [full]; ȳða ful is a kenning for ‘sea’. 1209a. rīċe: adj., masc. nom.sg., mighty [rich]. þēoden: masc. nom.sg., lord, king. 1209b. rande: dat.sg. of rond, masc., shield. ġecranc: pret. 3sg. of ġecringan, st.3, to fall in battle. 1210a. Ġehwearf: pret. 3sg. of ġehweorfan, st.3, to go, pass. þā: adv., then. Francna: gen. of Francan, wk. masc. pl., Francan (the Franks). fæþm: masc. acc.sg., grasp, arms [fathom]. 1210b. feorh: neut. nom.sg., dead body, life. cyninges: gen.sg. of cyning, masc., ‘king’. 1211a. brēost-ġewǣdu: nom.pl. of brēost-ġewǣ de, neut., ‘breast-garment’, corslet. 1211b. se: the: masc. nom.sg. bēah: masc. nom.sg., necklace. somod: adv., also. 1212a. wyrsan: masc. nom.pl. of wyrsa, compar., ‘worse’; refers to enemy. wīġ-frecan: nom.pl. of wīġ-freca, wk. masc., ‘war-hero’, warrior. 1212b. wæl: neut. acc.sg., corpse. rēafeden: a late form of -odon: pret. 3pl. of rēafian, wk.2, to rob [reave]. 1213a. gūð-sċeare: dat.sg. of gūð-sċear, masc., ‘war-shearing’, carnage. 1213b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. lēode: masc. nom.pl., people. 1214a. hrēa-wiċ: neut. acc.sg., ‘corpses-place’. hēoldon: pret. 3pl. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’ ; see Com. 1214b. Heal: fem. nom.sg., ‘hall’. swēġe: dat.sg. of swēġ, masc., sound. onfēng: pret. 3sg. of on-fōn, st.7, to receive; w.dat. object. 1215a. Wealhðēo: wk. fem. nom. maþelode: pret. 3sg. of maþelian, wk.2, to give a speech. 1215b. hēo: she. fore: prep., w.dat., in the presence of. þǣm: the: neut. dat.sg. werede: dat.sg. of werod, neut., troop. spræc: pret. 3sg. of sprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’. 1216a. Brūc: imper. sg. of brūcan, st.2, to use; w.gen. object. ðisses: masc. gen.sg. of þes, ‘this’. bēages: gen.sg. of bēag, bēah, masc., necklace, ‘ring’. 1216b. lēofa: wk. voc. sg. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved [lief; G. lieb].

103

157r

1220

hyse, mid hǣle, |ond þisses hræġles nēot,

若者よ、幸運に恵まれて、 この鎧を使うがよい、

þēo[d]-ġestrēona, ond ġeþēoh tela,

国民の宝を、 そして立派に栄えられよ、

cen þeċ mid cræfte, ond þyssum cnyhtum wes

力によって己を示されよ、 そしてこの子らに

lāra līðe! Iċ þē þæs lēan ġeman.

1220

親切に教えを垂れて下され！ 私はそのお礼をあなたに 忘れません。

1225

Hafast þū ġefēred þæt ðē feor ond nēah

あなたは働きをなされた、 あなたをおちこちで、

ealne wīde-ferhþ weras ehtiġað,

ずっと長く 人々が称えるような働きを、

efne swā sīde swā sǣ bebūgeð

まさに広く、 海が取り巻くほどに、

wind-ġeard, weallas. Wes þenden þū lifiġe,

風の棲家〔海〕が、岸壁を。 命ある限り

æþeling, ēadiġ! Iċ þē an tela

1225

王子よ、栄られよ！ 私はあなたに是非あげたい

sinc-ġestrēona. Bēo þū suna mīnum

貴重な宝を。 わが息子らに

dǣdum ġedēfe, drēam-healdende!

行い優しくして下され、 幸せな方よ！

Hēr is ǣġhwylċ eorl ōþrum ġetrӯwe,

ここではいずれの貴人も 相手に忠実で、

1217a. hyse: masc. voc. sg., young man. mid: prep., w.dat., with. hǣle: dat.sg. of hǣ lo, wk. fem., luck, prosperity [hail]. 1217b. þisses: neut. gen.sg. of þis; see 1216a. hræġles: gen.sg. of hræ ġl, neut., corslet. nēot: imper. sg. of nēotan, st.2, to make use of; w.gen. 1218a. þēo[d]-ġestrēna: gen.pl. of þēod-ġestrēon, neut., ‘people’s treasure’; MS þeo gestreona; emended by Grundtvig. 1218b. ġeþēoh: imper. sg. of ġeþēon, st.1, to prosper. tela: adv., well. 1219a. cen: imper. sg. of cennan, wk.1, to reveal, show (oneself). þeċ: = þē: ‘thee’: acc. cræfte: dat.sg. of cræft, masc., strength, power [craft]. 1219b. þyssum: this: masc. dat.pl. ; see 1217b. cnyhtum: dat.pl. of cnyht, masc., boy [knight]; þyssum cnyhtum refers to her sons, Hrethric and Hrothmund. wes: imper. sg. of wesan, st.5, to be. 1220a. lāra: gen.pl. of lār, fem., counsel. līðe: adj., kind; w.gen of respect, ‘as regards’ [lithe; G. lind]. 1220b. þē: ‘thee’. þæs: for that, about that: neut. gen.sg. of þæ t, ‘that’. lēan: neut. acc.sg., reward. ġeman: pres. 1sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to think about. 1221a. Hafast: ‘hast’: pres. 2sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. ġefēred: pp. of ġefēran, wk.1, to bring about; with þæ t-clause. 1221b. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the object clause. ðē: ‘thee’: acc. feor: adv., ‘far’. nēah: adv., near [nigh]. 1222a. ealne: masc. acc.sg. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’. wīde-ferhþ: adv., for a long time, for ever; from adverbial acc. 1222b. weras: nom.pl. of wer, masc., man. ehtiġað: pres. 3pl. of eahtian, wk.2, to praise. 1223a. efne swā: adv., just so. sīde: adv., widely. 1223b. swā: conj., as. sǣ: masc. nom.sg., ‘sea’. bebūgeð: pres. 3sg. of be-būgan, st.2, to surround. 1224a. wind-ġeard: masc. nom.sg., ‘wind-yard’, home of the wind; a variation of sǣ . weallas: acc.pl. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’. 1224b. Wes: see 1219b. þenden: conj., while. lifiġe: pres. subj. 2sg. of libban, lifġan, wk.3, to ‘live’. 1225a. æþeling: masc. voc.sg., prince. ēadiġ: adj., prosperous. 1225b. þē: ‘thee’: dat. an: pres. 1sg. of unnan, pret.-pres., to grant; w.dat. of person & gen. of thing. tela: see 1218b. 1226a. sinc-ġestrēona: gen.pl. of sinc-ġestrēon, neut., ‘treasure-treasure’, magnificent treasure. 1226b. Bēo: imper. sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. suna: dat.pl. of sunu, masc., ‘son’. mīnum: ‘my, mine’: masc. dat. pl. 1227a. dǣdum: dat.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’. ġedēfe: adj., generous. 1227b. drēam-healdende: masc. voc.sg. ‘joy-keeper’, blessed one. 1228a. Hēr: adv., ‘here’. ǣġhwylċ: adj., masc. nom.sg., each; ǣ ġhwylċ ōþrum ‘each other’. eorl: masc. nom.sg., nobleman. 1228b. ōþrum: masc. dat.sg. of ōðer, adj., ‘other’. ġetrӯwe: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘true’, faithful.

104

mōdes milde, man-drihtne hol[d]; 1230

þeġnas syndon ġeþwǣre, þēod eal-ġearo,

心穏やかです、 主君に対し誠実です： 1230

druncne dryht-guman dōð swā iċ bidde.”

酒に酔うて家来たちは 私の言う通りにしてくれます』

Ēode þā tō setle. Þǣr wæs symbla cyst,

1235

1240

武士たちは心たがえず、  武士団は火急に心の備えをし、

 それから自分の席に行かれた。 最高の宴会で、

druncon wīn weras. Wyrd ne cūþon,

人々はぶどう酒を飲んだ。 運命を知らなかった、

ġeō-sċeaft grim[m]e, swā hit āgangen wearð

恐ろしい定めを、 これまで起こったような

eorla maneġum, syþðan ǣfen cwōm,

1235

多数の貴人に、 夕べが来たときに、

ond him Hrōþgār ġewāt tō hofe sīnum,

やがてフロースガールは赴かれた 自分の住まいに、

rīċe tō ræste. Reċed weardode

偉大な方がお休みに。 広間を守った、

unrīm eorla, swā hīe oft ǣr dydon.

数知れぬ貴人たちが、 以前よくそうしたように。

Benċ-þelu beredon; hit ġeond-brǣded wearð

長椅子の台を片づけた； そこには延べられた、

beddum ond bolstrum. Bēor-sċealca sum

1240

布団と枕が。 麦酒を飲んだ者たちの一人が

1229a. mōdes: gen.sg. of mōd, neut., mind; gen. of respect, ‘as regards’. milde: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘mild’. 1229b. man-drihtne: dat.sg. of man-dryhten, masc., ‘men-lord’. hol[d]: adj., masc. nom.sg., loyal; MS hol; emended by Thorkelin. 1230a. þeġnas: masc. nom.pl. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’. syndon: pres. 3pl. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. ġeþwǣre: adj., masc. nom.pl., in harmony. 1230b. þēod: fem. nom.sg., troop of warriors. eal-ġearo: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘all-ready’. 1231a. druncne: ‘drunken’: masc. nom.pl., pp.; see Com. dryht-guman: nom.pl. of dryhtguma, wk. masc., ‘lord’s retainer’, court member. 1231b. dōð: pres. 3pl. of dōn, anom., to ‘do’. swā: conj., just as. bidde: pres. 1sg. of biddan, st.5, to ask [bid]. 1232a. Ēode: pret. 3sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. þā: adv., then. setle: dat.sg. of setl, neut., seat. 1232b. Þǣr: ‘there’. symbla: gen.pl. of symbel, neut., feast. cyst: fem. nom.sg., choice, the best; w.gen.pl. 1233a. druncon: pret. 3pl. of drincan; see 1231a. wīn: neut. acc.sg., ‘wine’. weras: nom.pl. of wer, masc., man. 1233b. Wyrd: fem. acc.sg., fate [weird]. cūþon: pret. 3pl. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know [can; G. können]. 1234a. ġeō-sċeaft: fem. acc.sg., ‘formerly determined thing’, fate. grim[m]e: fem. acc.sg. of grim(m), adj., ‘grim’, fierce; MS grimne; emended by Ettmüller; Kiernan, M&R follow MS taking ġeo-sċeaft as masc. 1234b. swā: conj., as. hit: ‘it’: nom.sg.; swā hit nearly functions as ‘which’. āgangen: pp. of ā-gangan, st.7, to happen. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to be; as aux. it forms pluperfect tense w. pp. of intransitive vb. 1235a. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman [earl]. maneġum: masc. dat.pl. of moniġ, maniġ, ‘many’. 1235b. syþðan: conj., when. ǣfen: masc. / neut. nom.sg., evening [even]. cwōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 1236a. him: himself: refl. dat.

ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart, go; with refl. 1236b. hofe: dat.sg. of hof, neut.,

dwelling [G. Hof]. sīnum: neut. dat.sg. of sīn, poss. pron., his. 1237a. rīċe: adj., of high rank [rich]. ræste: dat.sg. of ræ st, fem., resting-place. 1237b. Reċed: masc. / neut. acc.sg., hall. weardode: pret. 3sg. of weardian, wk.2, to guard [ward]. 1238a. unrīm: neut. nom.sg., countless number [un-]; w.gen.pl. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl; see 1235a. 1238b. swā: conj., just as. oft: adv., ‘often’. ǣr: adv., before. dydon: pret. 3pl. of dōn, anom., to ‘do’. 1239a. Benċ-þelu: acc.pl. of benċ-þel, neut., ‘bench-plank’. beredon: pret. pl. of berian, wk.1, to ‘bare’, clear away. 1239b. hit: ‘it’: neut. nom.; refers to the hall. ġeond-brǣded: pp. of ġeond-brǣ dan, wk.1., to overspread [beyond, broad]. wearð: was: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, aux.; forms passive. 1240a. beddum: dat.pl. of bed(d), neut., ‘bed’. bolstrum: dat.pl. of bolster, masc. / neut., pillow, ‘bolster’. 1240b. Bēor-sċealca: gen.pl. of bēor-sċealc, masc., ‘beer-drinker’; for sċealc, see 918b, 939b. sum: pron., one, ‘some’; w.gen.pl.

105

157v

fūs ond fǣġe flet-ræste ġe|bēag.

死の旅立ちに定められて 広間の寝床に横たわった。

Setton him tō hēafdon hilde-randas,

1245

1250

（彼らは）頭のところに置いた 戦の楯を、

bord-wudu beorhtan; þǣr on benċe wæs

輝く木の板を。 そこの長椅子の上には

ofer æþelinge ӯþ-ġesēne

貴人の頭上の、 よく見えた

heaþo-stēapa helm, hringed byrne,

1245

戦に聳える兜と、 鎖帷子と、

þreċ-wudu þrymlīċ. Wæs þēaw hyra

大きな槍が。 彼らの習慣だった、

þæt hīe oft wǣron an wīġ ġearwe,

彼らがしばしば 戦の備えをするのは、

ġē æt hām ġē on herġe, ġē ġehwæþer þāra

家でも陣中でも、 そのどちらの場合でも、

efne swylċe mǣla, swylċe hira man-dryhtne

まさにそのような時には、 彼らの主君に

þearf ġesǣlde; wæs sēo þēod tilu.

1250

必要が生じるような； この武士団は立派だった。

1241a. fūs: adj., masc. nom.sg., ready (for death). fǣġe: adj., masc. nom.sg., doomed (to die). 1241b. flet-ræste: acc.sg. of flet-ræ st, fem., ‘floor-rest’, hall bed. ġebēag: pret. 3sg. of ġebūgan, st.2, to lie down on; w.acc; see 690b [bow]. 1242a. Setton: pret. 3pl of settan, wk.1, to ‘set’. him: them: posse. dat. tō: prep., w.dat., ‘to’, towards. hēafdon: dat.pl. of hēafod, neut., ‘head’; -on is a late form for -um. 1242b. hilde-randas: acc.pl. of hilde-rand, masc., ‘battle-shield’. 1243a. bord-wudu: masc. acc.pl., ‘board-wood’, wooden shield. beorhtan: wk. masc. acc.pl. of beorht, adj., ‘bright’, brilliant, gleaming. 1243b. þǣr: ‘there’. benċe: dat.sg. of benċ, fem., ‘bench’. 1244a. ofer: prep., w.dat., ‘over’, above. æþelinge: dat.sg. of æ þeling, masc., nobleman, i.e. Æschere. 1244b. ӯþ-ġesēne: adj., ‘easily seen’, manifest. 1245a. heaþo-stēapa: wk. masc. nom.sg. of heaþo-stēap, adj., ‘battle-steep’, towering in battle. helm: masc. nom.sg., helmet [helm]. 1245b. hringed: adj., formed of rings. byrne: wk. fem. nom.sg., coat of mail [byrnie]. 1246a. þreċ-wudu: masc. nom.sg., wooden-spear. þrymlīċ: adj., magnificent. 1246b. þēaw: masc. nom.sg., custom. hyra: their. 1247a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the subject clause. oft: adv., ‘often’. wǣron: ‘were’: pret. 3pl. 1247b. an: = on: prep., w.acc., to, on to, into. wīġ: neut. or masc. acc.sg., battle, fight. ġearwe: nom.pl. of ġearo, ġearu, adj., ready (for); takes on w.acc. 1248a. ġē (...ġē...ġē), correl., both (...and...and). æt: prep., w.dat., ‘at’. hām: masc. dat.sg., ‘home’. on: prep., w.dat., in. herġe: dat.sg. of here, masc., army. 1248b. ġehwæþer: pron., neut. nom.sg., either, each (of two). þāra: of those: gen.pl. of demon. pron., sē, that one; ġehwæ þer þāra ‘each of them’, i.e. in either case; but the case of ġehwæ þer is not dat., but nom. 1249a. efne swylċe (... swylċe): neut. instr.sg. of swylċ, pron., correl., just such...as; cf. 1251b. mǣla: gen.pl. of mǣ l, neut., occasion. 1249b. hira: their. man-dryhtne: dat.sg. of man-dryhten, masc., ‘men-lord’. 1250a. þearf: fem. nom.sg., need; subject. ġesǣlde: pret. 3sg. of ġesǣ lan, wk.1, to befall. 1250b. sēo: the, that: fem. nom.sg. þēod: fem. nom.sg., troop of warriors. tilu: fem. nom.sg. of til(l), adj., good.

106

・XVIIII・

XVIIII

SIgon þā tō slǣpe. Sum sāre anġeald

1255

1260

彼らはやがて眠りに落ちた。 一人が高価な犠牲を払った

ǣfen-ræste, swā him ful oft ġelamp,

夜の憩いのために、 彼らに非常によく起こったように、

siþðan gold-sele Grendel warode,

黄金の広間を グレンデルが占拠して

unriht æfnde, oþ þæt ende becwōm,

悪事をなしてから 彼の最期が訪れるまで、

swylt æfter synnum. Þæt ġesȳne wearþ,

1255

罪による死が。 次のことが明らかになった、

wīd-cūþ werum, þætte wrecend þā ġȳt

人々に広く知られていた、 復讐者がまだ

lifde æfter lāþum, lange þrāge,

生きていたことが、忌まわしい奴の後に、 長く、

æfter gūð-ceare. Grendles mōdor,

悲惨な闘いの後に。 グレンデルの母親、

ides āglǣċ-wīf yrmþe ġemunde,

女の怪物は 悲しみを忘れなかった。

sē þe wæter-eġesan wunian sċolde,

1260

彼女は恐ろしい水底に、 棲まねばならなかった、

ċealde strēamas, siþðan Cā[in] wearð

冷たい流れに、 カインが

tō eċġ-banan āngan brēþer,

刃にかけてからは、 彼のただ一人の兄を、

fæderen-mǣġe; hē þā fāg ġewāt,

父方の血族を； 彼はそれよりアウトローとして旅立ち、

1251a. SIgon: pret. 3pl.of sigan, st.1, to sink, fall. þā: adv., then. slǣpe: dat.sg. of slǣ p, masc., ‘sleep’. 1251b. Sum: masc. nom.sg., ‘some’ (one). sāre: adv., ‘sorely’, painfully. anġeald: pret. 3sg. of an-ġyldan, st.3, to pay for; w.gen. 1252a. ǣfen-ræste: gen.sg. of ǣ fen-ræ st, fem., ‘evening rest’. 1252b. swā: conj., just as. him: them: dat. ful: adv., very. oft: adv., ‘often’. ġelamp: pret. 3sg. of ġelimpan, st.3, to happen; impers. 1253a. siþðan: conj., ‘since’. gold-sele: masc. acc.sg., ‘gold-hall’. 1253b. warode: pret. 3sg. of warian, wk.2, to occupy, inhabit. 1254a. un-riht: neut. acc.sg., ‘un-right’, wrong. æfnde: pret. 3sg. of æ fnan, wk.1, to perform, do. 1254b. oþ þæt: conj., until. ende: masc. nom.sg., end (of life). becwōm: pret. 3 sg. of be-cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 1255a. swylt: masc. nom.sg., death. æfter: prep., w.dat., as a result of. synnum: dat.pl. of synn, fem., ‘sin’, crime. 1255b. Þæt (...þætte): it (...that). ġesȳne: adj., neut. nom.sg., visible, evident. wearþ: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 1256a. wīd-cūþ: adj., neut. nom.sg., widely known. werum: dat.pl. of wer, masc., man. 1256b. þætte: conj., that. wrecend: masc. nom.sg., avenger. þā ġȳt: adv., still, yet then. 1257a. lifde: pret. 3sg. of libban, wk.3, to ‘live’. æfter: prep., w.dat., ‘after’. lāþum: masc. dat.sg. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’ (one), foe; refers to Grendel. 1257b. lange: fem. acc.sg. of long, adj., ‘long’. þrāge: acc.sg. of þrāg, fem., time; adverbial. 1258a. æfter: see 1257a. gūð-ceare: dat.sg. of gūð-cearu, fem., ‘war-care’, grievous strife. 1258b. Grendles: gen. of Grendel. mōdor: fem. nom.sg., ‘mother’. 1259a. ides: fem. nom.sg., woman. āglǣċ-wīf: neut. nom.sg., ‘monster of a woman’. 1259b. yrmþe: acc.sg. of yrmþu, fem., misery. ġemunde: pret. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember. 1260a. sē þe: rel., he who, the one that; applied to Grendel’s mother, although sē is masc., also in 1497, and hē, instead of hēo, in 1392b, 1394b. wæter-eġesan: acc.sg. of wæ ter-eġesa, wk. masc., ‘water-terror’. 1260b. wunian: wk.2, to dwell. sċolde: ‘should’, have to: pret. 3sg. 1261a. ċealde: masc. acc.pl. of ċeald, adj., ‘cold’. strēamas: acc.pl. of strēam, masc., ‘stream’. 1261b. siþðan: conj., since, after. Cā[in]: masc. nom.sg., Cain; MS camp; emended by Grundtvig. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become; with tō and dat. 1262a. eċġ-banan: dat.sg. of eċġ-bana, wk. masc., ‘edge-slayer’. 1262b. āngan: masc. dat.sg. of ānga, adj., only. brēþer: dat.sg. of brōþor, masc., ‘brother’. 1263a. fæderen-mǣġe: dat.sg. of fæ deren-mǣ ġ, masc., paternal kinsman. 1263b. þā: adv., then. fāg: adj., masc. nom.sg., outlawed. ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart.

107

158r

morþre ġemearcod, |man-drēam flēo[ha]n,

1265

wēsten warode. Þanon wōc fela

1270

1275

殺人者の烙印を押され、 人の世の喜びを逃れ 1265

荒地に住んだ。 そこからあまた生まれ出た、

ġeō-sċeaft-gāsta; wæs þǣra Grendel sum,

不吉な妖怪が； グレンデルはその一人だった、

heoro-wearh hetelīċ, sē æt Heorote fand

呪わしい敵は、 彼はヘオロトに見出したのだった、

wæċċendne wer wīġes bīdan.

寝ずの番の武士 (B) が 戦を待っているのを。

Þǣr him āglǣċa ætgrǣpe wearð;

そこでは怪物が彼を 手でしっかり掴まえた；

hwæþre hē ġemunde mæġenes strenġe,

1270

だが彼 (B) は思い出した、 己の力の強さを、

ġim-fæste ġife, ðē him God sealde,

豊かな贈物を、 神が彼に恵まれた、

ond him tō Ān-waldan āre ġelӯfde,

そして己の「支配者」から 恵みを期待したのだった、

frōfre ond fultum; ðӯ hē þone fēond ofercwōm,

慰めと助力を； それ故彼は敵を倒した、

ġehnǣġde helle gāst. Þā hē hēan ġewāt,

地獄の妖怪を征服した。 かくしてみじめなる者は出発した、

drēame bedǣled dēaþ-wīċ seo[ha]n

1275

man-cynnes fēond. Ond his mōdor þā ġӯt

喜びを奪われて、 死の家を見るために、 人類の敵は。 だが彼の母親はいまだ

1264a. morþre: dat.sg. of morðor, neut., ‘murder’. ġemearcod: pp. of mearcian, wk.2, to ‘mark’. 1264b. mandrēam: acc.sg. of mon-drēam, masc., ‘man-joy’ [dream]. flēo[ha]n: st.2, inf.., to ‘flee’; MS fleon; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 1265a. wēsten: neut. acc.sg., wasteland. warode: pret. 3sg. of warian, wk.2, to inhabit. 1265b. Þanon: adv., ‘thence’. wōc: pret. 3sg. of wæ cnan, st.6, to arise [waken]. fela: neut. nom.sg., many; w.gen. 1266a. ġeō-sċeaft-gāsta: gen.pl. of ġeō-sċeaft-gāst, masc., ‘fated ghost’, demon. 1266b. þǣra: of them; gen.pl.; modifies sum. Grendel: masc. nom. sum: ‘some’ (one): nom.sg. 1267a. heoro-wearh: masc. nom.sg., accursed foe. hetelīċ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘hateful’. 1267b. sē: rel. pron., who: masc. nom.sg. Heorote: dat. fand: pret. 3sg. of findan, st.3, to ‘find’; w. acc. & inf. 1268a. wæċċendne: pres. part., masc. acc.sg. of wæ ċċan, wk.3, to ‘watch’ for. wer: masc. acc.sg., man. 1268b. wīġes: gen.sg. of wīġ, neut. / masc., battle, fight. bīdan: st.1, inf., to wait for; w. gen. [bide] 1269a. Þǣr: adv., ‘there’. him: ‘him’: dat. āglǣċa: wk. masc. nom.sg., monster. 1269b. ætgrǣpe: adj., grasping. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become; æ tgrǣ pe weorðan, ‘lay hold of’; w.dat. (him). 1270a. hwæþre: adv., however. ġemunde: pret. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember. 1270b. mæġenes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., strength [main]. strenġe: acc.sg. of strenġo, wk. fem., ‘strength’. 1271a. ġim-fæste: fem. acc.sg. of ġim-fæ st, adj., ‘spacious-fast’, ample. ġife: acc.sg. of ġifu, fem., ‘gift’. 1271b. ðē: rel. particle, which, that. God: masc. nom. sealde: pret. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to give, present [sell]. 1272a. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. tō: prep., from; w.dat. Ān-waldan: dat.sg. of Ān-walda, wk. masc., the ‘one ruler’ (Wrenn’s Gloss), the Lord. 1272b. āre: acc.sg. of ār, fem., benefit, help. ġelӯfde: pret. 3sg. of ġelȳfan, wk.1, to count on. 1273a. frōfre: acc.sg. of frōfor, fem. / masc., consolation. fultum: masc. acc.sg., help, support. 1273b. ðӯ: for that reason: neut. instr.sg. of þæ t. þone: the, that: acc. fēond: masc. acc.sg., enemy, ‘fiend’. ofercwōm: pret. 3sg. of ofer-cuman, st.4, to ‘overcome’. 1274a. ġehnǣġde: pret. 3sg. of ġehnǣ ġan, wk.1, to subdue. helle: gen.sg. of hel, fem., ‘hell’. gāst: masc. acc.sg., ‘ghost’, demon. 1274b. Þā: adv., then. hēan: adj., masc. nom.sg., wretched. ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart. 1275a. drēame: dat.sg. of drēam, masc., joy, bliss [dream]. bedǣled: pp. of be-dǣ lan, wk.1, to deprive of; w.dat. 1275b. dēaþ-wīċ: neut. acc.sg., ‘death-place’. sēo[ha]n: st.5, inf., to ‘see’; MS seon; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 1276a. man-cynnes: gen.sg. of mon-cynn, neut., ‘mankind’. fēond: masc. nom.sg., enemy. 1276b. mōdor: fem. nom.sg., ‘mother’. þā ġӯt: adv., still, yet.

108

ġīfre ond galg-mōd ġegān wolde

貪欲にして陰気なる者は 出ようと思った、

sorh-fulne sīð, sunu [d]ēo[ð] wrecan.

悲しい旅に、 息子の死に報復するために。

Cōm þā tō Heorote, ðǣr Hring-Dene 1280

ġeond þæt sæld swǣfun. Þā ðǣr sōna wearð

 やがて彼女はヘオロトにやって来た、   「鎧の」デネが 1280

広間中に眠っているところに。 するとそこでは直ちに 起こった、

1285

158v

edhwyrft eorlum, siþðan inne fealh

武士たちに運命の逆転が、 中に入ったとき、

Grendles mōdor. Wæs se gryre lǣssa

グレンデルの母親が。 その恐怖はより小さかった、

efne swā miċle, swā bið mæġþa cræft,

丁度同じ位に、 女の力が、そうであるのと、

wīġ-gryre wīfes, be wǣpned-men,

女の与える戦の恐怖が、 武器を執る男に比して、

þonne heoru bunden, hamere ġeþuren,

1285

金の輪で飾られ、 ハンマーで鍛えられ、

sweord swāte fāh swīn ofer helme

血塗られた剣が 兜の上の猪の像を

eċġum |dyh[t]iġ andweard sċireð.

刃鋭く 敵の、切り付けるときの。

Þā wæs on healle heard-eċġ togen

その時広間では 引き抜かれた、硬い刃の

1277a. ġīfre: adj., fem. nom.sg., greedy. galg-mōd: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘gallows-minded’, gloomy. 1277b. ġegān: anom., to ‘go’. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., to want, ‘will’. 1278a. sorhfulne: masc. acc.sg. of sorh-full, adj., ‘sorrow-ful’. sīð: masc. acc.sg., journey. 1278b. sunu: masc. gen.sg., ‘son’. [d]ēo[ð]: acc.sg. of dēað, ‘death’; MS þeod; emended by Holthausen; see Com. wrecan: st.5, inf., to avenge. 1279a. Cōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. þā: adv., then. Heorote: dat. 1279b. ðǣr: rel. adv., where. Hring-Dene: masc. nom.pl., ‘Ring-Danes’. 1280a. ġeond: prep., w.acc., throughout [yond]. þæt: that, the: neut. acc.sg. sæld: neut. acc.sg., hall. swǣfun, late form for -on: pret. 3pl. of swefan, st.5, to sleep. 1280b. Þā: adv., then. ðǣr: adv., ‘there’. sōna: adv., at once [soon]. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to happen. 1281a. ed-hwyrft: masc. nom.sg., ‘turning back’, reversal of fortune. eorlum: dat.pl. of eorl, masc., warrior [earl]. 1281b. siþðan: conj., when. inne: adv., inside. fealh: pret. 3sg. of fēolan, st.3, to penetrate, reach. 1282a. Grendles: gen. mōdor: fem. nom.sg., ‘mother’; cf. 1276b. 1282b. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. gryre: masc. nom.sg., terror, horror. lǣssa: less, lesser; compar. of lȳtel, adj., ‘little’. 1283a. efne: adv., just as (if), with swā: swā (...swā): as (...as). miċle: neut. instr.sg. of miċel, adj., great, ‘much’; adverbial: 1283b. bið: is: pres. 3sg. of bēon, to ‘be’. mæġþa: gen.pl. of mæ ġð, fem., woman [maid]. cræft: masc. nom.sg., strength, power [craft]. 1284a. wīġ-gryre: masc. nom.sg., ‘war-horror’. wīfes: gen.sg. of wīf, neut., woman, lady [wife]. 1284b. be: prep., by comparison with; w.dat. wǣpned-men: dat.sg. of wǣ pned-mon masc., ‘weapon-man’, i.e. male. 1285a. þonne: conj., when. heoru: masc. nom.sg., sword, blade. bunden: pp. masc. nom.sg. of bindan, st.3, to adorn, embellish (with gold). 1285b. hamere: dat.sg. of hamer, masc., ‘hammer’. ġeþuren: adj., masc. nom.sg., pp., forged. 1286a. sweord: neut. nom.sg., ‘sword’. swāte: dat.sg. of swāt, masc., blood [sweat]. fāh: adj., neut. nom.sg., stained. 1286b. swīn: neut. acc.sg., boar-image [swine]. ofer: prep., w.dat., ‘over’, on. helme: dat.sg. of helm, masc., ‘helmet’. 1287a. eċġum: dat.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’, sword. dyh[t]iġ: adj., nom.sg., strong; A dyhttig; emended by Grein. 1287b. and-weard: adj., neut. acc.sg., opposing (one), enemy; modifies swīn; andsignifies ‘opposition’ [-ward]. sċireð: pres. 3sg. of sċeran, st.4, to ‘shear’, cut. 1288a. Þā: adv., then. healle: dat.sg. of heal(l), fem., ‘hall’. 1288b. heard-eċġ: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘hard of edge’. togen: pp. of tēon, st.2, to draw.

109

sweord ofer setlum, sīd-rand maniġ 1290

1295

1300

hafen handa fæst; helm ne ġemunde,

剣が長椅子の上で； 幾多の大楯が 1290

手にしっかと掲げられた； 誰もが兜のことを忘れていた、

byrnan sīde, þā hine se brōga anġeat.

大鎧のことも、 恐怖が襲ったとき。

Hēo wæs on ofste, wolde ūt þanon,

彼女は急いでいた、 そこから出たいと思った、

fēore beorgan, þā hēo onfunden wæs.

己の命を救うために、 気づかれたとき。

Hraðe hēo æþelinga ānne hæfde

素早く彼女は貴人の 一人を掴まえた、

fæste befangen, þā hēo tō fenne gang.

1295

しっかと、 彼女が沼地に引き返すとき。

Sē wæs Hrōþgāre hæleþa lēofost

彼はフロースガールにとって 武士の中で最愛の者だった、

on ġesīðes hād be sǣm twēonum,

王の友の身分にある、 二つの海の間のこの世で；

rīċe rand-wiga, þone ðe hēo on ræste ābrēat,

強い楯持つ武士であった、 彼女が寝首を掻いたのは、

blǣd-fæstne beorn. Næs Bēowulf ðǣr,

誉れ高い武士であった。  ベーオウルフはそこではなくて、

ac wæs ōþer in ǣr ġeteohhod

1300

別の寝所が 割り当てられていたのだった、 宝が贈られた後、 名高きイェーアト (B) に。

æfter māþðum-ġife mǣrum Ġēate.

1289a. sweord: see 1286a. ofer: prep., w.dat., ‘over’. setlum: dat.pl. of setl, neut., ‘seat’. 1289b. sīd-rand: masc. nom.sg., broad shield. maniġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., many a. 1290a. hafen: pp. of hebban, st. 6, to ‘heave’, raise up. handa: instr.-dat.sg. of hand, hond, fem., ‘hand’. fæst: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘fast’, firm. 1290b. helm: masc. acc.sg., ‘helmet’. ne: adv., not. ġemunde: pret. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember; its unexpressed subject is ‘any one’. 1291a. byrnan: acc.sg. of byrne, wk. fem., coat of mail, corslet. sīde: fem. acc.sg. of sīd, adj., large, great. 1291b. þā: conj., when. hine: ‘him’: acc. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. brōga: wk. masc. nom.sg., terror, horror. anġeat: pret. 3sg. of on-ġitan, on-ġytan, st.5, to seize, get hold of. 1292a. Hēo: she: nom. ofste: dat.sg. of ofost, fem., haste. 1292b. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., to want, ‘will’. ūt: adv., ‘out’. þanon: adv., ‘thence’. 1293a. fēore: dat.sg. of feorh, neut., life. beorgan: st.3, to save, defend; w.dat. 1293b. þā: conj., when. hēo: she. onfunden: pp. of on-findan, st.3, to ‘find out’. 1294a. Hraðe: adv., quickly [rather]. æþelinga: gen.pl. of æ þeling, masc., nobleman. 1294b. ānne: masc. acc.sg. of ān, ‘one’. hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. 1295a. fæste: adv., ‘fast’, firmly. befangen: pp. of be-fōn, st.7, to grasp, seize. 1295b. þā: conj., when. fenne: dat.sg. of fen, neut., ‘fen’, marsh. gang: pret. 3sg. of gangan, gongan, st.7, to go. 1296a. Sē: he: masc. nom.sg. Hrōþgāre: dat. 1296b. hæleþa: gen.pl. of hæ le, hæ leð, masc., warrior. lēofost: supl. masc. nom.sg. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved. 1297a. on: prep., w.acc., in. ġesīðes: gen.sg. of ġesīð, masc., companion. hād: masc. acc.sg., position; on … hād, ‘in the position of, as’. 1297b. be: prep., w.dat., ‘by’. sǣm: dat.sg. of sǣ , masc., ‘sea’. twēonum: between; dat.pl. of twēone, two; in the poem, always with be sǣ m, ‘between the seas, on earth’; cf. 858b, 1685b, 1956b. 1298a. rīċe: adj., masc. nom.sg., powerful [rich]. rand-wiga: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘shield-warrior’. 1298b. þone ðe: whom. hēo: she. ræste: dat.sg. of ræ st, fem., ‘rest’, bed. ābrēat: pret. 3sg. of ā-brēotan, st.2, to kill. 1299a. blǣd-fæstne: masc. acc.sg. of blǣ d-fæ st, adj., ‘glory-fast’, glorious. beorn: masc., acc.sg., nobleman. 1299b. Næs: ‘was not’. ðǣr: adv., ‘there’. 1300a. ac: conj., but. ōþer: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘other’, another. in: neut. nom.sg., dwelling [inn]. 1300b. ǣr: adv., before; forms pluperfect with pret. ġeteohhod: pp. of teohhian, wk.2, to assign. 1301a. māþðumġife: dat.sg. of māþðum-ġifu, fem., ‘treasure-giving’. 1301b. mǣrum: masc. dat.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous. Ġēate: dat. of Ġēat, masc., ‘the Geat’; refers to Beowulf.

110

1305

159r

1310

Hrēam wearð in Heorote; hēo under heolfre ġenam

ヘオロトに叫びが起こった； 彼女は奪った、血塗れの

cūþe folme; cearu wæs ġenīwod,

有名な （G の）手を； 悲しみが新たにされた、

ġeworden in wīcun. Ne wæs þæt ġewrixle til,

住まいに生じたのだった。 良き取引とは言えなかった、

þæt hīe on bā healfa biċġan sċoldon

1305

彼ら双方が 代価を払わねばならなかったのは、

frēonda fēorum. Þā wæs frōd cyning,

友の命で。 その時老いた王は、

hār hilde-rinc on hrēon |mōde,

髪白き武士は 心悩ましておられた、

syðþan hē aldor-þeġn unlyfiġendne,

武士頭が 生きておらず、

þone dēorestan dēadne wisse.

最愛の者が 死んだのを知ってからは。

Hraþe wæs tō būre Bēowulf fetod,

1310

すぐに王の居室に ベーオウルフは呼び出された、

sigor-ēadiġ seċġ. Samod ǣr-dæġe

勝利に恵まれた男は。 夜明けと共に

ēode eorla sum, æþele cempa

他の武人たちと出向いた、 高貴なる武士は

self mid ġesīðum þǣr se snotera bād,

側近を伴って自ら 賢王がお待ちの所へ、

hwæþ[er] him A[l]-walda ǣfre wille

全能の神が なし給うのかどうかと思い、

1302a. Hrēam: masc. nom.sg., outcry. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to arise. Heorote: dat. 1302b. under: prep., w.dat., covered by. heolfre: dat.sg. of heolfor, masc. / neut., blood, gore. ġenam: pret. 3sg. of ġeniman, st.4, to seize, take away. 1303a. cūþe: fem. acc.sg. of cūð, pp. and adj., well known, famous. folme: acc.sg. of folm, fem., hand. 1303b. cearu: fem. nom.sg., sorrow [care]. ġenīwod: pp. of ġenīwian, wk.2, to ‘renew’. 1304a. ġeworden: pp. of weorðan, st.3, to happen, arise. wīcun: = -um: dat.pl. of wīċ, neut., dwelling-place. 1304b. þæt (...þæt): it (...that). ġewrixle: neut. nom.sg., exchange. til: adj., neut. nom.sg., good. 1305a. hīe: they: nom. on: prep., w.acc., ‘on’. bā: fem. acc. of bēġen, both. healfa: acc.pl. of healf, fem., side [half]. 1305b. biċġan: wk.1, to pay for [buy]. sċoldon: pret. 3pl. of sċulan, pret.-pres., have to, should. 1306a. frēonda: gen.pl. of frēond, masc., ‘friend’. fēorum: dat.pl. of feorh, neut., life. 1306b. Þā: adv., then. frōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., old and wise. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 1307a. hār: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘hoary’, grey. hilde-rinc: masc. nom.sg., ‘war-man’. 1307b. on: prep., w.dat., in. hrēon: wk. neut. dat.sg. of hrēoh, adj., troubled. mōde: dat.sg. of mōd, neut., mind [mood]. 1308a. syðþan: conj., when, after. aldor-þeġn: masc. acc.sg., ‘chief thane’. 1308b. un-lyfiġendne: adj. (pres. part.), masc. acc.sg. ‘un-living’, dead. 1309a. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. of se. dēorestan: supl. masc. acc.sg. of dēore, adj., dear (one). 1309b. dēadne: masc. acc.sg. of dēad, adj., ‘dead’; cf. I know him to be dead. wisse: pret. 3sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know. 1310a. Hraþe: adv., quickly. būre: dat.sg. of būr, masc., ‘bower’. 1310b. fetod: pp. of fetian, wk.2, to ‘fetch’. 1311a. sigor-ēadiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘victory-blessed’. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., warrior. 1311b. Samod: prep., w.dat., at, simultaneously with. ǣr-dæġe: dat.sg. of ǣ r-dæ ġ, masc., ‘early-day’, daybreak. 1312a. ēode: pret. 3sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman. sum: masc. nom.sg., one; eorla sum ‘with other warriors’ (Jack, p. 106), but ‘the notable warrior’ (Wrenn, p. 290). 1312b. æþele: adj., masc. nom.sg., noble. cempa: wk. masc., nom.sg., warrior [†kemp]. 1313a. self: refl. pron., masc. nom.sg., ‘self’. mid: prep., w.dat., with. ġesīðum: dat.pl. of ġesīð, masc., retainer. 1313b. þǣr: rel. adv., to the place where. se: the, that. snotera: masc. nom.sg. wk. of snotor, adj., wise (one). bād: pret. 3sg. of bīdan, st.1, to wait. 1314a. hwæþ[er]: conj., ‘whether’; MS hwæ þre; emended by Sievers. him: ‘him’, i.e. Hrothgar: dat. A[l]-walda: masc. nom.sg., ‘Allwielder’, Almighty; MS alf walda; emended by Thorpe. 1314b. ǣfre: adv., ‘ever’. wille: pres. subj. 3sg. of willan, anom., to want, ‘will’; wolde is expected here.

111

1315

1320

æfter wēa-spelle wyrpe ġefremman.

1315 （先の） 悲報の後に （良き）変化を。

Gang ðā æfter flōre fyrd-wyrðe man

やがて床を横切って進んだ、 戦の誉れ高い人は、

mid his hand-sċale ― heal-wudu dynede ―

己の手勢を連れて ― 館の材木は鳴り響いた ―

þæt hē þone wīsan wordum [n]ǣġde

ついに彼はその賢人に 言葉でもって挨拶した、

frēan Ingwina, fræġn ġif him wǣre

イングウィネの王 (H) に； 彼は尋ねた、王にあられては

æfter nēod-laðu[m] niht ġetǣse.

1320

お望みどおり 夜は健やかにお休みでしたかと。

1315a. æfter: prep., w.dat., ‘after’. wēa-spelle: dat.sg. of wēa-spel, neut., ‘woe-spell (= tidings)’. 1315b. wyrpe: acc.sg. of wyrp, fem., change for the better. ġefremman: wk.1, to perform. 1316a. Gang: pret. 3sg. of gangan, st.7, to go. ðā: adv., then. æfter: prep., w.dat., along, through. flōre: dat.sg. of flōr, masc., ‘floor’. 1316b. fyrd-wyrðe: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘war-worthy’, distinguished in war. man: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. 1317a. mid: prep., w.dat., with. hand-sċale: dat.sg. of hand-sċolu, hand-sċalu, fem., ‘hand-troop’, companions [shoal]. 1317b. heal-wudu: masc. nom.sg., ‘hall-wood’. dynede: pret. 3sg. of dynnan, wk.1, to resound. 1318a. þæt: conj., until. þone: the, that: acc.sg. wīsan: acc.sg. of wīsa, wk. masc., ‘wise’ one, leader. 1318b. wordum: dat.pl. of word, neut., ‘word’. [n]ǣġde: pret. 3sg. of nǣ ġan, wk.1, to address; A, B hnæ gde (subdued); emended by Grein. 1319a. frēan: acc.sg. of frēa, wk. masc., lord, king. Ingwina: gen. of Ing-wine, masc. pl., Ing’s friends, Dene. 1319b. fræġn: pret. 3sg. of friġnan, st.3, to ask, inquire. ġif: conj., ‘if ’, whether. wǣre: ‘were’: pret. subj. 3sg. of wesan, st.5. 1320a. æfter: prep., w.dat., in accordance with. nēod-laðu[m]: dat.sg. of fem., nēod-laðu, hope, desire; see Com; emended by Ettmüller. 1320b. niht: fem. nom.sg., ‘night’. ġetǣse: adj., fem. nom.sg., agreeable.

112

・XX・

XX

Hrōðgār maþelode, helm Sċyldinga:

1325

159v

1330

フロースガールは答えられた、 シュルディンガスの守護者は；

“Ne frīn þū æfter sǣlum! Sorh is ġenīwod

元気かどうか尋ねてくれるな！ 悲しみが新たにされたのじゃ

Deniġea lēodum. Dēad is Æsċhere,

デネの国民に。 アシュヘレが死んだのじゃ、

Yrmenlāfes yldra brōþor,

イルメンラーフの 兄で、

mīn rūn-wita ond mīn rǣd-bora,

1325

わしの信頼する顧問官にして わしの相談相手、

eaxl-ġestealla, ðonne wē on orleġe

わしの戦友だった者が、 我ら共に戦で、

hafelan weredon, þonne hniton fēþan,

頭を防いだ時の、 歩兵隊同士が衝突し

eoferas cnysedan. |Swy[lċ] sċolde eorl wesan,

猪の像を切り合った時の。 貴人はそうあるべきじゃ、

[æþeling] ǣr-gōd, swylċ Æsċhere wæs!

優れた勇士は アシュヘレのように！

Wearð him on Heorote tō hand-banan

1330

ヘオロトで 自分の手で人殺しをしたのだ、

wæl-gǣst wǣfre; iċ ne wāt hwæþer

さまよえる殺人鬼が； わしは知らない、

atol ǣse wlanc eft-sīðas tēah,

食人を自慢する恐ろしい奴が 帰ったかどうか、

fylle ġef[æ]ġnod. Hēo þā fǣhðe wræc,

ご馳走に満足して。 あの女は怨みを晴らしたのだ、

1321a. Hrōðgār maþelode,

helm Scyldinga : see 371, 456.

1322a. frīn: imper. sg. of friġnan, st.3, to ask.

æfter: prep., w.dat., ‘after’, about. sǣlum: dat.pl. of sǣ l, masc. / fem., happiness, pleasure. 1322b. Sorh: fem. nom. sg., ‘sorrow’. ġenīwod: pp. of ġenīwian, wk.2, to ‘renew’. 1323a. Deniġea: gen.pl. of Dene. lēodum: dat. of lēode masc., people. 1323b. Dēad: adj., mom.sg., ‘dead’. Æsċhere: masc. nom.; æ sċ ‘spear’ + here ‘army’. 1324a. Yrmenlāfes: gen.sg. of Yrmenlāf, masc., a Dane. 1324b. yldra: elder, older: masc. nom.sg., compar. of eald, adj., ‘old’. brōþor: masc. nom.sg., ‘brother’. 1325a. mīn: ‘my, mine’: masc. nom.sg. rūn-wita: wk. masc., ‘rune (= secret)-wise man’, counsellor. 1325b. rǣd-bora: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘advice-bearer’. 1326a. eaxl-ġestealla: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘shoulder-companion’. 1326b. ðonne: conj., when. orleġe: neut. dat.sg., battle. 1327a. hafelan: acc.sg. of hafela, wk. masc., head. weredon: pret. 1pl. of werian, wk.1, to guard [ware]. 1327b. þonne: conj., when. hniton: pret. 3pl. of hnītan, st.1, to clash together. fēþan: nom.pl. of fēþa, wk. masc., ‘foot soldiers’. 1328a. eoferas: acc.pl. of eofer, eofor, masc., ‘boar’ figure of on helmet. cnysedan: pret. 3pl. of cnyssan, wk.1, to strike. 1328b. Swy[lċ]: masc. nom.sg. ‘such’; MS......de, A, B swy.. scolde; restored by Thorkelin in his edition. sċolde: ‘should’: pret. subj. 3sg. eorl: masc. nom.sg., nobleman [earl]. wesan: st.5, to be. 1329a. [æþeling]: masc. nom. sg., prince, hero; no gap in MS; supplied by Grein for need of alliteration and a variational word of eorl. ǣr-god: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘ere-good’, very good. 1329b. swylċ: conj., as; correl. with the precedent swylċ. 1330a. Wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become.; with tō and dat. him: ‘him’: dat. on: prep., w.dat., in, at. 1330b. hand-banan: dat.sg. of hand-bona, wk. masc., ‘hand-slayer’. 1331a. wæl-gǣst: masc. nom.sg., ‘crime-ghost’. wǣfre: adj., masc. nom.sg., wandering. 1331b. wāt: pres. 1sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know. hwæþer: conj., whether. 1332a. atol: adj., masc. nom.sg., horrible (one); this word refers to our three monsters. ǣse: neut. dat.sg., food, carrion [G. Aas]. wlanc: adj., proud of; w.dat. (ǣ se). 1332b. eft-sīðas: acc.pl. of eft-sīð, masc., ‘journey back’. tēah: pret. 3sg. of tēon, st.2, to go (on a journey). 1333a. fylle: dat.sg. of fyllo, wk. fem., feast [full]. ġef[æ]ġnod: fem. nom.sg., pp. of ġefæ ġnian, wk.2, to rejoice, i.e. make glad; MS gefræ gnod; emended by Kemble; see Com. 1333b. Hēo: ‘she’: fem. nom.sg. þā: the: fem. acc.sg. fǣhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’. wræc: pret. 3sg. of wrecan, st.5, to avenge.

113

þē þū ġystran niht Grendel cwealdest 1335

1340

þurh hǣstne hād heardum clammum,

お主が前夜 グレンデルをやっつけたことに、 1335

荒々しく 強い握力で、

forþan hē tō lange lēode mīne

奴が余りに長い間 わが国民を

wanode ond wyrde. Hē æt wīġe ġecrang

減少させ抹殺したからに。 奴は戦に倒れた、

ealdres sċyldiġ, ond nū ōþer cwōm

命を奪われて； そして今新手がやって来た、

mihtiġ mān-sċaða, wolde hyre mǣġ wrecan,

強力な邪悪な略奪者が 己の血族の仇を討ちに、

ġē feor hafað fǣhðe ġestǣled,

1340

そして （実際）こんなに 怨みを晴らしたのだ、

þæs þe þinċean mæġ þeġne moneġum,

思えるほどに、 多くの近侍の武士にとって、

sē þe æfter sinc-ġyfan on sefan grēoteþ,

宝の授与者を悼んで 心で泣いている者たちにとって、

hreþer-bealo hearde; nū sēo hand liġeð,

激しい苦痛と （思えるほどに） ； 今やあの者の手は死ん で横たわっているのじゃ、

sē þe ēow wēl-hwylċra wilna dohte. 1345

Iċ þæt lond-būend, lēode mīne,

1334a.

þē: rel. particle, in which.

君たちに殆どすべての 望みを叶えてくれたのに。 1345

わしはこの土地に住む者たち、 わが国民、

ġystran: adv., ‘yesterday’ [G. gestern].

niht: fem. dat.sg., ‘night’; cf.

‘yesternight’. 1334b. Grendel: masc. acc. cwealdest: pret. 2sg. of cwellan, wk.1, to kill [quell]. 1335a. þurh: prep., w.acc., ‘through’. hǣstne: masc. acc.sg. of hǣ ste, adj., violent. hād: masc. acc.sg., way. 1335b. heardum: masc. dat.pl. of heard, adj., ‘hard’. clammum: dat.pl. of clam(m), clom(m), masc., grip, grasp. 1336a. forþan: conj., because. tō: adv., ‘too’. lange: adv., ‘long’. 1336b. lēode: masc. acc. pl., people. mīne: my, mine: masc. acc.pl. 1337a. wanode: pret. 3sg. of wanian, wk.2, to diminish [wane]. wyrde: pret. 3sg. of wyrdan, wk.1, to destroy. 1337b. wīġe: dat.sg. of wīġ, neut. / masc., battle, fight. ġecrang: pret. 3sg. of ġecringan, st.3, to fall in battle. 1338a. ealdres: gen.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. sċyldiġ: adj., having forfeited; w.gen. 1338b. ōþer: another (one), i.e. Grendel’s mother: nom.sg. cwōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 1339a. mihtiġ: adj., ‘mighty’. mān-sċaða: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘crime-scather’, evil-doer; cf. 1333a. 1339b. wolde: ‘would’, wanted: pret. 3sg. hyre: ‘her’: fem. gen.sg. of hēo, she; it was changed to natural gender (fem.) from masc. mān-sċaða. mǣġ: masc. acc.sg., kinsman; hyre mǣ ġ, i.e. Grendel. wrecan: st.5, to avenge [wreak]. 1340a. ġē: conj., and. feor: adv., far. hafað: ‘has’: aux. 1340b. fǣhðe: fem. acc.sg.; see 1333b. ġestǣled: pp. of stǣ lan, wk.1, to avenge. 1341a. þæs þe: conj., as (manner or degree, loosely correl. with feor); see Com. þinċean: wk.1, to seem; impers., ‘it may seem to …’.

mæġ: ‘may’: aux. 1341b. þeġne: dat.sg. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’. moneġum: masc. dat.sg. of moniġ, adj.,

‘many’ a. 1342a. sē þe: rel. pron., (he) who; the case does not agree with its antecedent þeġne. æfter: prep., w.dat., in sorrow for. sinc-ġyfan: dat.sg. of sinc-ġifa, wk. masc., ‘treasure-giver’. 1342b. on: prep., in. sefan: dat.sg. of sefa, wk. masc., mind, heart. grēoteþ: pres. 3sg. of grēotan, st.2, to weep [greet]. 1343a. hreþer-bealo: neut. nom. sg., ‘heart-bale’, distress. hearde: wk. neut. nom.sg. of heard, adj., ‘hard’, severe. 1343b. sēo: the: fem. nom.sg. hand: fem., ‘hand’; see Com. liġeð: pres. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’ dead. 1344a. sē þe: rel. pron., which; its antecedent is sēo hand, but here occurs the gender change from fem. to masc.; M & R (p. 92) explain that ‘sēo hand is a synecdoche for masc Æshere’. ēow: you: dat.pl. wēl-hwylċra: masc. gen.pl. of wēl-hwylċ, pron., almost every; w.gen. of ‘as regards’. 1344b. wilna: gen.pl. of willa, wk. masc., ‘will’, desire. dohte: pret. 3sg. of *dugan, st.2, to treat well; w.dat. (ēow). 1345a. þæt: it (…that): neut. acc.sg.; the object of seċġan. lond-būend: acc.pl. of landbūend, masc., ‘land-dweller’. 1345b. lēode: masc. acc.pl., people. mīne: ‘my, mine’: masc. acc.pl.

114

1350

160r

1355

sele-rǣdende seċġan hӯrde,

広間の顧問官たちが 言うのを聞いたことがある、

þæt hīe ġesāwon swylċe twēġen

彼らは見たとな、 ２匹の非常に

miċle mearc-stapan mōras healdan,

大きな境をさまようものが 沼地に棲んでいるのを、

ellor-gǣstas. Ðǣra ōðer wæs,

異界の魔物が。 そのうちの一匹は、

þæs þe hīe ġewislīcost ġewitan meahton,

1350

彼らが最も確実に 知りえたところでは、

idese onlīċn[e]s; ōðer earm-sċeapen

女の形をしていた； もう一匹の惨めな生き物は、

on weres wæstmum wræc-lāstas |træd,

男の形をして 追放の道を歩んでいたのじゃ、

næfne hē wæs māra þonne ǣniġ man ōðer;

ただしこいつは大きかった  他のいかなる男たちよりな；

þone on ġēar-dagum Grendel nemdo[n]

そいつをその昔 グレンデルと呼んだのよ、

fold-būende; nō hīe fæder cunnon,

1355

土地に住む者たちは； 彼らはそいつらの父親を知らな かったのじゃ、

hwæþer him ǣniġ wæs ǣr ācenned

そんなのを儲けた父親が 昔いたのかどうかを、

dyrnra gāsta. Hīe dӯġel lond

神秘な魔物を。 それらは辺鄙な土地に

wariġeað, wulf-hleoþu, windiġe næssas

棲んでいるのよ、狼の斜面に、 風の強い岬に、

1346a. sele-rǣdende: acc.pl. of sele-rǣ dend, masc., ‘hall-counsellor’. 1346b. seċġan: wk.3, to ‘say’, tell. hӯrde: pret. 1sg. of hȳran, wk.1, to ‘hear’. 1347a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hīe: they. ġesāwon: pret. 3pl. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’. 1347b. swylċe: masc. acc.pl. of swylċ, pron., ‘such’. twēġen: masc. acc., ‘twain’, two. 1348a. miċle: masc. acc.pl. of miċel, adj., large. mearc-stapan: acc.pl. of mearc-stapa, wk. masc., ‘mark-stepper’. 1348b. mōras: acc.pl. of mōr, masc., ‘moor’. healdan: inf.: st.7, to ‘hold’, occupy. 1349a. ellor-gǣstas: acc.pl. of ellor-gǣ st, masc., alien spirit. 1349b. Ðǣra: of those: gen of þā, demon. pron. pl. ōðer (...ōðer): one (...the other). 1350a. þæs þe: conj., where, as. hīe: they. ġewislīcost: supl. of ġewislīċe, adv., certainly [ywis; G. gewiss]. 1350b. ġewitan: pret.-pres., to know. meahton: ‘might’, could: pret. 3pl. 1351a. idese: gen.sg. of ides, fem., woman. onlīċn[e]s: fem. nom.sg., ‘likeness’; MS onlic næ s; emended by Kemble. 1351b. ōðer: adj., another; see above. earm-sċeapen: adj., ‘miseryshaped’, wretched [G. arm]. 1352a. on: prep., w.dat., in. weres: gen.sg. of wer, masc., man. wæstmum: dat.pl. of wæ stm, masc., appearance, form. 1352b. wræc-lāstas: acc.pl of wræ c-lāst, masc., ‘exile-path’. træd: pret. 3sg. of tredan, st.5, to ‘tread’. 1353a. næfne: conj., except that. māra: greater, ‘more’, compar., of miċel, adj., great, ‘much’. 1353b. þonne: conj., ‘than’. ǣniġ: adj., ‘any’. man: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. 1354a. þone: that one: masc. acc.sg. of se. on: prep., in. ġēar-dagum: dat. of ġēar-dagas, masc. pl., former days; cf. 1b. 1354b. Grendel: masc. acc. nemdo[n]: pret. 3pl. of nemnan, wk.1, to name; MS nem…, A, B nemdod; emended by Kemble. 1355a. foldbūende: nom.pl. of fold-būend, masc. (pres. part.), ‘earth-dweller’. 1355b. nō: adv., not at all, never. hīe: they, i.e. fold-būende or the two demons? fæder: masc. acc.sg., ‘father’. cunnon: pres. 3pl. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know [G. können]. 1356a. hwæþer: conj., ‘whether’. him: to him, for him: dat. ǣniġ: pron. nom.sg., ‘any’. 1356b. ǣr: adv., before. ācenned: pp. of ā-cennan, wk.1, to be born. 1357a. dyrnra: masc. gen.pl. of dyrne, adj., hidden. gāsta: gen.pl. of gāst, gǣ st, masc., ‘ghost’, demon; depends on ǣ niġ. 1357b. Hīe: they, i.e. demons: nom.pl.; see Com. dӯġel: neut. acc.sg. of dēogol, adj., hidden, secret. lond: neut. acc.sg., ‘land’. 1358a. wariġeað: pres. 3pl. of warian, wk.2, to inhabit [G. wahren]. wulf-hleoþu: acc.pl. of wulf-hleoþ, neut., ‘wolf-slope’. 1358b. windiġe: masc. acc.pl. of windiġ, adj., ‘windy’. næssas: acc.pl. of næ s, masc., headland, sea-cliff [ness].

115

frēċne fen-ġelād; ðǣr fyrġen-strēam 1360

1365

1370

under næssa ġenipu niþer ġewīteð,

危険な沼地にな； そこでは山の急流が 1360

岬の霧の下に もぐり込むのよ、

flōd under foldan. Nis þæt feor heonon

水流が地下に。 そこはここから遠くはない、

mīl-ġemearces, þæt se mere stan[d]eð;

マイル数にしてな、 湖がある所は；

ofer þǣm hongiað hrinde bearwas;

その上には突き出ている、 霜で覆われた木々が；

wudu wyrtum fæst wæter oferhelmað.

根のしっかりした木々が 水の上に被さっている。

Þǣr mæġ nihta ġehwǣm nīð-wundor sēon,

1365

そこでは夜毎 恐ろしい不思議が見られるのじゃ、

fӯr on flōde; nō þæs frōd leofað

鬼火が水面に； それほどの賢者は生きておらぬ、

gumena bearna, þæt þone grund wite.

人の子らの中には、 その水底を知るほどの。

Ðēah þe hǣð-stapa hundum ġeswenċed,

荒野をさまよう生き物は、 猟犬に追われて、

heorot hornum trum holt-wudu sēċe,

角強き雄鹿は、 たとえ森を求めても、

feorran ġeflӯmed, ǣr hē feorh seleð,

1370

aldor on ōfre, ǣr hē in wille

遠くから追われて、 命を失う方を選ぶだろう その堤で命をな、 そこへ飛び込んで

1359a. frēċne: adj., neut. acc.sg. dangerous. fen-ġelād: neut. acc.sg. ‘fen-track’. 1359b. ðǣr: rel. adv., where. fyrġen-strēam: masc. nom.sg., ‘mountain-stream’. 1360a. under: prep., w.acc., ‘under’. næssa: gen.pl. of næ s; see above. ġenipu: acc.pl. of ġenip, neut., mist. 1360b. niþer: adv., downward. ġewiteð: pres. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to go. 1361a. flōd: masc. nom.sg., ‘flood’. under: see above. foldan: acc.sg. of folde, wk. fem., earth, ground. 1361b. Nis: isn’t. þæt (…þæt): it (…that). feor: adv., ‘far’. heonon: adv., ‘hence’. 1362a. mīl-ġemearces: gen.sg. of mīlġemearc, neut., ‘mile-mark’, (in the) measure by miles; gen. of respect. 1362b. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. mere: masc. nom.sg., lake, sea. stan[d]eð: pres. 3sg. of standan, st.6, to ‘stand’, be present; MS stanðeð; emended by Thorkelin. 1363a. Ofer: prep., w.dat., ‘over’. þǣm: that: masc. dat.sg. hongiað: pres. 3pl. of hangian, wk.2, to ‘hang’. 1363b. hrinde: adj., masc. nom.pl., frost-covered. bearwas: nom.pl. of bearu, masc., wood. 1364a. wudu: masc. nom.sg., ‘wood’, tree(s). wyrtum: dat.pl. of wyrt, fem., root [G. Wurz]. fæst: adj. masc. nom.sg., ‘fast’, fixed; w.dat. 1364b. wæter: neut. acc.sg., ‘water’, sea. oferhelmað: pres. 3sg. of ofer-helmian, wk.2, to overhang. 1365a. Þǣr: ‘there’. mæġ: ‘may’, can; the subject of person omitted. nihta: gen.pl. of niht, fem., ‘night’. ġehwǣm: masc. dat.sg. of ġehwā, pron., each (of nights). 1365b. nīð-wundor: neut. acc.sg., ‘horrible wonder’. sēon: st.5, to ‘see’. 1366a. fӯr: neut. acc.sg., ‘fire’. flōde: dat.sg. of flōd, masc., ‘flood’. 1366b. Nō: adv., never. þæs (…þæt): so (…that); with subj. frōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., old and wise (one). leofað: pres. 3sg. of libban, lifġan, wk.3, to ‘live’. 1367a. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man [bridegroom]. bearna: gen.pl. of bearn, neut. / masc., child [bairn]; ‘among children of men’. 1367b. þone: the, that. grund: masc. acc.sg., bottom. wite: pres. subj. 3sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know [wit]; supplies the subject hē. 1368a. Ðēah þe: conj., ‘though’. hǣð-stapa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘heath-stepper’. 1368b. hundum: dat.pl. of hund, masc., ‘hound’. ġeswenċed: pp. of swenċan, wk.1, to pursue. 1369a. heorot: masc. nom.sg., ‘hart’, stag. hornum: dat.pl. of horn, masc., ‘horn’. trum: adj., masc. nom.sg., strong. 1369b. holt-wudu: masc. acc.sg., ‘forest-wood’. sēċe: pres. subj. 3sg. sēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’. 1370a. feorran: adv., from afar. ġeflӯmed: pp. of ġeflȳman, wk.1, to put to flight. 1370b. ǣr (…ǣr): rather (…than). feorh: neut. acc.sg., life. seleð: pres. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to give up [sell]. 1371a. aldor: neut. acc.sg., life. ōfre: dat.sg. of ōfer, masc., bank. 1371b. ǣr: conj.; see 1370b. in: adv., inside. wille: to wish, ‘will’: pres. subj. 3sg.; the verb of motion (e.g. ‘go’) omitted.

116

1375

160v

1380

hafelan [hӯdan]; nis þæt hēoru stow!

頭を隠すよりは。 そこは心地よい場所ではない；

Þonon ӯð-ġeblond up āstīġeð

そこからは渦巻く水が 立ち昇るのじゃ、

won tō wolcnum, þonne wind styreþ,

暗く雲まで、 風が波を立てるとき、

lāð ġewidru, oð þæt lyft drysmaþ,

1375

恐ろしい嵐を； ついには空中も暗くなり、

roderas rēotað. Nū is se rǣd ġelang

天も泣くのよ。  今や良き助言は

eft æt |þē ānum. Eard ġīt ne const,

またもやお主だけが頼りだ。  お主はまだ棲家を知らない、

frēċne stōwe; ðǣr þū findan miht

危険な場所を； そこにお主は見つけるだろう、

fela sinniġne seċġ; sēċ ġif þū dyrre!

罪深き者をな； 勇気あらばそこを訪れよ！

Iċ þē þā fǣhðe fēo lēaniġe,

1380

わしはお主のその闘いに 財宝にて報いよう、

eald-ġestrēonum, swā iċ ǣr dyde,

古き宝にて、 前になしたるように、

wund[num] golde, ġyf þū on weġ cymest.”

環形細工の金にて、 お主が帰還したらば』

1372a. hafelan: acc.sg. of hafela, wk. masc., head. [hӯdan]: wk.2, to ‘hide’; no gap in MS; supplied by Kemble. 1372b. nis: ‘is not’: see 1361b. þæt: demon. pron., neut. nom.sg., ‘that’; subject. hēoru: fem. nom.sg. of hēore, adj., safe, pleasant [G. geheuer]. stow: fem. nom.sg., place. 1373a. Þonon: adv., ‘thence’. ӯð-ġeblond: neut. nom. sg., ‘wave-surging’, surging water. 1373b. up: adv., ‘up’. āstīġeð: pres. 3sg. of ā-stīgan, st.1, to ascend, arise [G. steigen]. 1374a. won: adj., neut. nom.sg., dark [wan]. wolcnum: dat.pl. of wolcen, neut., cloud, (in pl.) sky [welkin]. 1374b. þonne: conj., when. wind: masc. nom.sg., ‘wind’. styreþ: pres. 3sg. of styrian, wk.1, to ‘stir’ up. 1375a. lāð: adj., neut. acc.pl., ‘loathsome’, hostile. ġewidru: acc.pl. of ġewidre, neut., ‘weather’, storm. 1375b. oð þæt: conj., until. lyft: fem. nom.sg., sky [G. Luft]. drysmaþ: pres. 3sg. of drysmian, wk.2, to become dark, cloudy. 1376a. roderas: nom.pl. of rodor, masc., sky, heaven. rēotað: pres. 3pl. of rēotan, st.2, to weep, cry. 1376b. se: the: masc. nom.sg. rǣd: masc. nom.sg., advice [G. Rat]. ġelang: adj., dependent on (æ t) [belong]. 1377a. eft: adv., again. æt: prep., w.dat., on. þē: ‘thee’: dat. ānum: alone, only: masc. dat.sg. of ān, ‘one’. 1377b. Eard: masc. acc. sg., dwelling place. ġit: adv., ‘yet’, still. const: pres. 2sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know. 1378a. freċne: adj., fem. acc.sg., fearful, dangerous. stowe: acc.sg. of stow; see 1372b. 1378b. ðǣr: rel. adv., where. findan: st.3, to ‘find’. miht: pres. 2sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can, ‘may’. 1379a. fela: adv., much, very. sinniġne: masc. acc.sg. of sinniġ, adj., guilty, sinful. seċġ: masc. acc.sg., man, warrior. 1379b. sēċ: imper. of sēċan, wk.1, to seek. ġif: ‘if ’. dyrre: pres. subj. 2sg. of pret.-pres., *durran, st.3, dare. 1380a. þē: ‘thee’: dat. þā: the: fem. acc.sg. fǣhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’, battle. 1380b. fēo: dat.sg. of feoh, neut., ‘fee’, riches. lēaniġe: pres. 1sg. of lēanian, wk.2, to requite. 1381a. eald-ġestrēonum: dat.pl. of eald-ġestrēon, neut., ‘old-treasure’. 1381b. swā: conj., just as. dyde: ‘did’: pret. 1sg. 1382a. wund[num]: adj., neut. dat.sg. of wunden, pp. of windan, st.3, to twist; MS wun / dini: emended by Grein; Wrenn retained MS reading and took wundini as a survival of the early instrumental ending. golde: dat.sg. of gold, neut., ‘gold’. 1382b. on weġ: ‘away’. weġ: masc. acc.sg., ‘way’. cymest: pres. 2sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’.

117

XXI

・XXI・

BĒOWVLF maþelode, bearn Eċġþēowes:

ベーオウルフは答えた、 エッジセーオウの息子は：

“Ne sorga, snotor guma! Sēlre bið ǣġhwǣm 1385

1390

þæt hē his frēond wrece, þonne hē fela murne.

『悲しまれるな、分別ある方よ！ 誰にとっても良いのです、 1385

友の仇を打つ方が、 ひどく悼み嘆くよりは。

Ūre ǣġhwylċ sċeal ende ġebīdan

我らのすべてが 終わりに会うものです、

worolde līfes; wyrċe sē þe mōte

この世の命の； 得られる者には得させましょう、

dōmes ǣr dēaþe; þæt bið driht-guman

死ぬ前に名誉を； それは貴人にとって

unlifġendum æfter sēlest.

死後（に残す） 最も良きものです

Ārīs, rīċes weard, uton hraþe fēran,

1390

お立ち下さい、国の守護者よ、 すぐ行きましょう、

Grendles māgan gang sċēawiġan!

グレンデルの女の身内が 立ち去った跡を見に！

Iċ hit þē ġehāte: nō hē on helm losaþ

私は殿に約束します、  奴を隠れ家に逃れさせないことを、

nē on foldan fæþm, nē on fyrġen-holt,

地中の奥にも、 山林の中にも、

nē on ġyfenes grund, gā þǣr hē wille.

大海の底にも、 奴がどこへ行く気でも。

1383. BĒOWVLF maþelode bearn Eċġþēowes: see 529, 957. 1384a. Ne: adv., not; see Com. sorga: imper.sg of sorgian, wk.2, to ‘sorrow’. snotor: adj., masc. voc.sg., wise. guma: wk. masc. voc.sg., man [bridegroom]. 1384b. Sēlre: neut. nom.sg. of sēlra, sēlla, better, compar. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. bið: is: pres.3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’ ǣġhwǣm: masc. dat.sg. of ǣ ġ-hwā, pron., every one. 1385a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hē: ‘he’: designates ǣ ġhwǣ m. frēond: masc. acc.sg., ‘friend’. wrece: pres. subj. 3sg. of wrecan, st.5, to avenge. 1385b. þonne: conj., ‘than’. fela: adv., much. murne: pres. subj. 3sg. of murnan, st.3, to ‘mourn’. 1386a. Ūre: ‘our’: gen. of wē. ǣġhwylċ: pron., masc. nom.sg., each. sċeal: pres. 1sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., ‘shall’, must. 1386b. ende: masc. acc.sg., ‘end’ (of life). ġebīdan: st.1, to experience, live to see. 1387a. worolde: gen.sg. of worold, fem., ‘world’. līfes: gen.sg. of līf, neut., ‘life’. 1387b. wyrċe: pres. subj. 3sg. of wyrċan, wk.1, to acquire; w.gen. sē þe: rel., he who. mōte: pres. subj. 3sg. mōtan, pret.-pres., may, can. 1388a. dōmes: gen.sg. of dōm, masc., glory. ǣr: prep., w.dat., before. dēaþe: dat.sg. of dēað, masc., ‘death’. 1388b. þæt: ‘that’, it: neut. nom.sg. bið: see 1384b. driht-guman: dat.sg. of dryht-guma, wk. masc., ‘noble man’. 1389a. unlifġendum: masc. dat.sg. of un-lifiġende, adj. (pres. part.), ‘un-living’, dead; dat. absolute ‘as he dies’. 1389b. æfter: adv., afterwards; unlifġendum æ fter nearly means ‘after death’. sēlest: best, neut. nom.sg., supl., of ‘gōd’. 1390a. Ārīs: imper. sg. of ā-rīsan, st.1, to rise, ‘arise’. rīċes: gen.sg. of rīċe, neut., kingdom. weard: masc. voc. sg., guardian [ward] 1390b. uton: let us: w. inf. hraþe: adv., quickly; the alliteration in this line is on r, so the h of hraþe may have been mute; cf. 724b raþe. fēran: wk.1., inf., to ‘fare’, go. 1391a. Grendles: gen. māgan: gen.sg. of māge, wk. fem., kinswoman. 1391b. gang: masc. acc.sg., trail. sċēawiġan: = sċēawian: wk.2, inf., to examine [show; G. schauen]. 1392a. Iċ: ‘I’. hit: ‘it’: acc. þē: ‘thee’: dat. ġehāte: pres. 1sg. of ġehātan, st.7, to promise. 1392b. nō: adv., not at all, never. hē: ‘he’, but refers to Grendel’s mother; also in 1260a, 1394b, 1497b. on: prep., w.acc., to, into; also in 1393a, b. helm: masc. acc.sg., protection, shelter. losaþ: pres. 3sg. of losian, wk.2, to get away, escape [lose]. 1393a. nē: adv., nor, also in 1393b, 1394a. foldan: gen.sg. of folde, wk. fem., earth, ground.

fæþm: masc. acc.sg., bosom [fathom].

1393b.

fyrġen-holt: neut., acc.sg.,

‘mountain-wood’. 1394a. ġyfenes: gen.sg. of ġeofon, ġifen, masc. / neut., sea. grund: masc. acc.sg., bottom [ground]. 1394b. gā: pres. subj. 3sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. þǣr: rel. adv., where. wille: pres. 3sg. of willan, anom., to want, ‘will’.

118

1395

Ðӯs dōgor þū ġeþyld hafa

1395

wēana ġehwylċes, swā iċ þē wēne tō.”

すべての悲しみに、 殿に期待しております』

Āhlēop ðā se gomela, Gode þancode, 161r

1400

1405

今日のところは 忍耐をお持ち下さいますよう

 すると老王は元気に立ち上がり、 神に感謝した、

mihtiġan Drihtne, þæs se man ġe|spræc.

大いなる主に、 この男が述べたことに対し。

Þā wæs Hrōðgāre hors ġebǣted,

やがてフロースガールの 馬に鞍が置かれた、

wiċġ wunden-feax; wīsa fenġel

1400

たてがみを編んだ馬に； 賢明なる王は

ġeatolīċ ġende; gum-fēþa stōp

装備を整えて馬に乗られた； 歩兵隊は進んだ、

lind-hæbbendra. Lāstas wǣron

楯持つ人々の。 足跡は

æfter wald-swaþum wīde ġesӯne,

森の縁に沿って 遠くからも見えた、

gang ofer grundas, [swā] ġegnum fōr

原を横切っている跡は、  彼女が真っ直ぐ進んだとおりに、

ofer myrċan mōr, mago-þeġna bær

1405

ほの暗い沼地を越え、 若い家来の一人を運んで、

þone sēlestan sāwol-lēasne

最も優れた者 (Æ) を 魂の抜けた、

þāra þe mid Hrōðgāre hām eahtode.

フロースガールと共に 館を守った家来の中で。

1395a. Ðӯs: this; neut. instr.sg. of þis. dōgor: neut. dat.sg., day; adverbial. þū: ‘thou’. 1395b. ġeþyld: fem. acc.sg., patience. hafa: imper. sg. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’. 1396a. wēana: gen.pl. of wēa, wk. masc., woe, misery. ġehwylċes: masc. gen.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each, every. 1396b. swā: conj., just as. þē: ‘thee’: dat. wēne: pres. 1sg. of wēnan, wk.1, to expect. tō: prep., w.dat. from; postpositioned 1397a. Āhlēop: pret. 3sg. of ā-hlēapan, st.7, to ‘leap’ up. ðā: adv., then. se: the, that. gomela: wk. masc. nom.sg. of gamol, gomol, adj., old, aged (one). 1397b. Gode: dat. þancode: pret. 3sg. of þancian, wk.2, to ‘thank’; w.dat. of person & gen. of thing. 1398a. mihtiġan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of mihtiġ, adj., ‘mighty’. Drihtne: dat.sg. of dryhten, drihten, masc., the Lord. 1398b. þæs: for what: rel. pron., neut. gen.sg. man: masc. nom.sg. ‘man’. ġespræc: pret. 3sg. of ġesprecan, st.5 , to ‘speak’. 1399a. Þā: adv., then; see Com. Hrōðgāre: dat. 1399b. hors: neut. nom.sg., ‘horse’. ġebǣted: pp. of ġebǣ tan, wk.1, to bridle or saddle. 1400a. wiċġ: neut. nom.sg., horse. wunden-feax: adj., neut. nom.sg., with a braided mane. 1400b. wīsa: wk. masc. nom.sg. of wīs, adj., ‘wise’. fenġel: masc. nom.sg., king. 1401a. ġeatolīċ: adj., masc. nom.sg., equipped. ġende: pret. 3sg. of ġengan, wk.1., to ride. 1401b. gum-fēþa: wk. masc. nom.sg., band on foot. stōp: pret. 3sg. of steppan, st.6, to ‘step’, march. 1402a. lind-hæbbendra: gen.pl. of lind-hæ bbende, (pres. part.), masc., ‘shieldbearer’. 1402b. Lāstas: nom.pl. of lāst, masc., track, footprint. wǣron: ‘were’: pret. 3pl. of wesan, st.5. 1403a. æfter: prep., w.dat., along. wald-swaþum: dat.pl. of wald-swaþu, fem., ‘forest track’ [wold, swat; G. Wald]. 1403b. wīde: adv., far and ‘wide’. ġesӯne: adj., masc. nom.pl., visible, evident. 1404a. gang: masc. nom.sg., track. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. grundas: acc.pl. of grund, masc., land, ‘ground’. 1404b. [swā]: conj., as; no gap in MS; supplied by Schücking. ġegnum: adv., straight. fōr: pret. 3sg. of faran, st.6, to ‘fare’, go forth; subject (Grendel’s mother) understood. 1405a. ofer: see 1404a. myrċan: wk. masc. acc.sg. of myrċe, adj., dark [cf. murky]. mōr: masc. acc.sg., ‘moor’, marsh. 1405b. mago-þeġna: gen.pl. of mago-þeġn, masc., ‘son-thane’, young retainer. bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 1406a. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. sēlestan: wk. masc. acc.sg. of sēlest, best (one); refers to Æschere (1329b). 1406b. sāwol-lēasne: masc. acc.sg. of sāwol-lēas, adj., ‘soul-less’, lifeless. 1407a. þāra þe: rel. pron., of those who; þāra: gen.pl.; parallel to mago-þeġna in 1405b; modifying supl. þone sēlestan, or þāra þe means ‘who’, having mago-þeġna as its antecedent. mid: prep., w.dat., with. Hrōðgāre: dat. 1407b. hām: masc. acc.sg., ‘home’; refers to Heorot. eahtode: pret. 3sg. of eahtian, wk.2, to watch over.

119

1410

1415

1420

Oferēode þā æþelinga bearn

やがて横切って行った、 貴族の息子らは、

stēap stān-hliðo, stīġe nearwe,

険しい岩山を、 隘路を、

enge ān-paðas, uncūð ġelād,

1410

狭い寂しい道を、 未知の道筋を、

neowle næssas, nicor-hūsa fela.

切り立った絶壁を、 幾多の海獣の棲家を。

Hē fēara sum beforan genġde

彼 (H) は少数の供を連れ 先頭を行かれた、

wīsra monna wong sċēawian,

知恵ある家来を連れて、 場所を見に。

oþ þæt hē fǣringa fyrġen-bēamas

ついに突然彼は 山の木々が

ofer hārne stān hleonian funde,

1415

灰色の岩に 寄り掛かっているのを認められた、

wyn-lēasne wudu; wæter under stōd

喜びのない〔陰鬱な〕木々が； その下の水は

drēoriġ ond ġedrēfed. Denum eallum wæs

血に染まって濁っていた。 デネの皆にとって、

winum Sċyldinga, weorce on mōde

シュルディンガスの友らにとって 心痛んだ、

tō ġeþolianne, ðeġne moneġum,

耐えるのに、 多数の近侍の武士にとって、

oncӯð eorla ġehwǣm, syðþan Æsċheres

1420

貴人の皆にとって、悲しみは、 アシュヘレの、

1408a. Oferēode: pret. 3sg. of ofer-gān, anom., to ‘go over’, traverse. þā: adv., then. 1408b. æþelinga: gen.pl. of æ þeling, masc., nobleman. bearn: neut. nom.pl., offspring, son; though the verb Oferēode is sg.; cf. 905a. 1409a. stēap: adj., neut. acc.pl., ‘steep’. stān-hliðo: acc.pl. of stān-hlið, neut., ‘stone-slope’, rocky cliff. 1409b. stīġe: acc. pl. of stīġ, fem., path. nearwe: fem. acc.pl. of nearo, adj., ‘narrow’. 1410a. enge: adj., masc. acc.pl., narrow [G. eng]. ān-paðas: acc.pl. of ān-pæ ð, masc., ‘one-by-one path’ or lonely path; see Com. 1410b. un-cūð: adj., neut. acc.sg., unknown, strange. ġelād: neut. acc.sg., way, track. 1411a. neowle: masc. acc.pl. of neowol, adj., high, steep. næssas: acc.pl. of næ s, masc., ‘ness’, sea-cliff. 1411b. nicor-hūsa: gen.pl. of nicor-hūs, neut., ‘watermonster-house’. fela: neut., acc.sg., (indeclinable), many a; w.gen.pl. 1412a. fēara: gen.pl. of fēa, adj., ‘few’, a few; modifying wīsra monna. sum: masc. nom. sg., ‘some’ one; w.gen.pl.; appositive to Hē; fēara sum wīsra monn, ‘with a few wise men’, cf. fīftȳna sum (207), ‘with fourteen others’. 1412b. beforan: adv., ahead, in front. genġde: pret. 3sg. of genġan, wk.1., to go, ride; w. inf. 1413a. wīsra: masc. gen.pl. of wīs, adj., ‘wise’. monna: gen.pl. of mon(n), man(n), masc., ‘man’. 1413b. wong: masc. acc.sg., place. sċēawian: wk.2, inf., to look at, examine. 1414a. oþ þæt: conj., until. fǣringa: adv., suddenly. 1414b. fyrġen-bēamas: acc.pl. of fyrġen-bēam, masc., ‘mountain-beam (= tree)’. 1415a. ofer: prep., w.acc., against. hārne: masc. acc.sg. of hār, adj., grey. stān: masc. acc.sg., ‘stone’, rock. 1415b. hleonian: wk.2, inf., to ‘lean’. funde: pret. 3sg. of findan, st.3, to find; w. acc. & inf. 1416a. wyn-lēasne: masc. acc.sg. of wyn-lēas, adj., ‘joy-less’. wudu: masc. acc.sg., ‘wood’, tree(s). 1416b. wæter: neut. nom.sg., ‘water’. under: adv., beneath. stōd: pret. 3sg. of standan, st.6, to ‘stand’, remain. 1417a. drēoriġ: adj., neut. nom.sg., bloody, gory [dreary]. ġedrēfed: pp. of drēfan, wk.1, to stir up, disturb. 1417b. Denum: dat. of Dene. eallum: masc. dat.pl. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’. 1418a. winum: dat.pl. of wine, masc., friend. Sċyldinga: dat. of Sċyldingas. 1418b. weorce: dat.sg. of weorc, neut., distress; weorce wesan, ‘be painful’ [work]. on: prep., w.dat., in. mōde: dat.sg. of mōd, neut., mind, heart [mood]. 1419a. ġeþolianne: ger. of ġeþolian, wk.2, to endure. 1419b. ðeġne: dat.sg. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’. moneġum: masc. dat.sg. of moniġ, adj., ‘many’ a. 1420a. oncӯð: fem. nom.sg., grief, agony; the subject of wæ s. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc. nobleman [earl]. ġehwǣm: masc. dat.sg. of ġehwā, each (one). 1420b. syðþan: conj., when. Æsċheres: gen. of Æsċhere; see 1323b.

120

161v

1425

1430

on þām holm-clife hafelan mētton.

海辺の崖の上に、 首を見出した時は。

Flōd blōde wēol ― folc tō sǣgon ―,

水は血で沸き返っていた ― 人々は眺めた ―

|hātan heolfre. Horn stundum song

熱い血潮で。 角笛は何度か歌った、

fūslīċ f[yrd]-lēoð. Fēþa eal ġesæt.

はやる戦の歌を。 一行は皆座った。

Ġesāwon ðā æfter wætere wyrm-cynnes fela,

1425

やがて水を通して見た、 蛇に類する物が多数、

sellīċe sǣ-dracan sund cunnian,

奇怪な海蛇が 深みを泳ぎ回るのを、

swylċe on næs-hleoðum nicras liċġean;

また岬の崖の上に 海獣が寝そべっているのを；

ðā on undern-mǣl oft bewitiġað

それらは朝の時間には しばしば行なうのだった、

sorh-fulne sīð on seġl-rāde,

災難をもたらす遠征を 帆船の通る道に、

wyrmas ond wil-dēor. Hīe on weġ hruron

1430

蛇や獣が。 それらは急いで立ち去った、

bitere ond ġebolgne; bearhtm onġēaton,

苦々しく腹を立てて； 明るい調べを聞いたのだ、

gūð-horn galan. Sumne Ġēata lēod

戦の歌が奏されるのを。 イェーアタスの王子はその一匹を

of flān-bogan fēores ġetwǣfde,

弓矢に掛けて、 その命を奪った、

1421a. þām: the, that: neut. dat.sg. holm-clife: dat.sg. of holm-clif, neut., sea-cliff. 1421b. hafelan: acc.sg. of hafela, wk. masc., head. mētton: pret. 3pl. of mētan, wk.1, to find [meet]. 1422a. Flōd: masc. nom.sg., ‘flood’, water. blōde: dat.sg. of blōd, neut., ‘blood’. wēol: pret. 3sg. of weallan, st.7, to well (up), surge. 1422b. folc: neut. nom.pl., ‘folk’, people. tō: adv., thereto. sǣgon: pret. 3pl. of sēon, st.5, to ‘see’. 1423a. hātan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of hāt, adj., ‘hot’. heolfre: dat.sg. of heolfor, masc. / neut., blood, gore. 1423b. Horn: masc. nom.sg., ‘horn’. stundum: dat.pl. of stund, fem., time; (adverbially) repeatedly, time and again [G. Stunde]. song: pret. 3sg. of singan, st.3, to ‘sing’ out. 1424a. fūs-līċ: adj., acc.sg., ready. f[yrd]-lēoð: neut. acc.sg., ‘war-song’ [G. Lied]; MS …leoð., B f…; restored by Bouterwek 1424b. Fēþa: wk. masc. nom.sg., foot soldiers. eal: ‘all’: masc. nom.sg. ġesæt: pret. 3sg. of ġesittan, st.5, to ‘sit’ down. 1425a. Ġesāwon: pret. 3pl. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’, behold; w.acc. & inf. ðā: adv., then. æfter: prep., w.dat., through. wætere: dat.sg. of wæ ter, neut., ‘water’. 1425b. wyrm-cynnes: gen.sg. of wyrm-cyn, neut., ‘worm-kin’, race of surpents. fela: neut. acc.sg., many; w.gen. 1426a. sellīċe: masc. acc. pl. of sellīċ, syllīċ, adj., strange, wondrous. sǣ-dracan: acc.pl. of sǣ -draca, wk. masc., ‘sea-dragon (= serpent)’. 1426b. sund: neut. acc.sg., sea, water; the object of cunnian. cunnian: wk.1 or 2, inf., to explore. 1427a. swylċe: adv., also. næs-hleoðum: dat.pl. of næ s-hlið, neut., ‘ness-slope’. 1427b. nicras: acc.pl. of nicor, masc., sea-serpent, water-monster. liċġean: st.5, inf., to ‘lie’. 1428a. ðā: those, they: nom.pl. on: prep., w.acc., in. undern-mǣl: neut. acc.sg., ‘morning-time‘. 1428b. oft: adv., ‘often’. bewitiġað: pres. 3pl. of be-witian, wk.2, to undertake, carry out. 1429a. sorh-fulne: masc. acc.sg. of sorh-full, adj., ‘sorrowful’, perilous. sīð: masc. acc.sg., voyage. 1429b. seġlrāde: dat.sg. of seġl-rād, fem., ‘sail-road’, sea. 1430a. wyrmas: acc.pl. of wyrm, masc., serpent [worm]. wil-dēor: = wild-dēor: neut. acc.pl., ‘wild-beast’ [deer]. 1430b. Hīe: they. on weġ: away. hruron: pret. 3pl. of hrēosan, st.2, to rush. 1431a. bitere: nom.pl. of biter, adj., ‘bitter’. ġebolgne: pp. nom.pl. of ġebelgan, st.3, to anger, enrage. 1431b. bearhtm: = breahtm: masc. acc.sg., ‘bright’ sound; cf. 1766b. onġēaton: pret. 3pl. of on-ġitan, st.5, to perceive; w. acc. & inf. 1432a. gūð-horn: neut. acc.sg., ‘war-horn’. galan: st.6, inf., to sing. 1432b. Sumne: masc. acc.sg. of sum, some (one). Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. lēod: masc. nom.sg., prince, leader. 1433a. of: prep., w.dat., from, out of. flān-bogan: dat.sg. of flān-boga, wk. masc., ‘arrow-bow’. 1433b. fēores: gen.sg. of feorh, neut., life. ġetwǣfde: pret. 3sg. of ġetwǣ fan, wk.1, to separate, deprive (of life); w.acc. of person & gen. of thing.

121

ӯð-ġewinnes, þæt him on aldre stōd, 1435

1440

here-strǣl hearda; hē on holme wæs

泳ぐ力を、 そ奴の急所に刺さったからだった、 1435

sundes þē sǣnra, ðē hyne swylt fornam.

泳ぎが一際遅くなった、 死がそ奴の命を奪ったので。

Hræþe wearð on ȳðum mid eofer-sprēotum

すぐさま波の上で 猪狩の槍で

heoro-hōcyhtum hearde ġenearwod,

鋭いあぐの付いた、 激しく追い詰められ、

nīða ġenǣġed, ond on næs togen,

強い力で攻めたてられて、 岬の上に引き揚げられた、

wundorlīċ wǣġ-bora; weras sċēawedon

1440

gryrelīċne ġist.

奇怪な波間を渡るものは； 武士たちは見つめた、 恐ろしい余所者を。

Ġyrede hine Bēowulf

1445

硬い戦の矢が； そ奴は水中で

ベーオウルフは身支度を整えた、

eorl-ġewǣdum, nalles for ealdre mearn;

武士の衣服で、 命のことなど少しも心配せず；

sċolde here-byrne hondum ġebrōden,

戦の鎧は、 手で編まれ、

sīd ond searo-fāh sund cunnian,

大きくて巧みに飾られた物は 水中を探検することになった、

sēo ðe bān-cofan beorgan cūþe,

1445

それは彼の骨の部屋なる体を 守ることができた、

1434a. ӯð-ġewinnes: gen.sg. of ȳð-ġewin, neut., ‘wave-strife’. 1434b. þæt: conj., so that; but cause and effect reversed here. him: masc. dat.sg.; poss. on: prep., w.dat., in, at. alder: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life, vitals. stōd: pret. 3sg. of standan, st.6, to ‘stand’. 1435a. here-strǣl: masc. nom.sg., ‘war-arrow’. hearda: masc. nom.sg. of heard, adj., hard, strong. 1435b. on: prep., w.dat., in. holme: dat.sg. of holm, masc., water. 1436a. sundes: gen.sg. of sund, neut., swimming. þē: the: instr.sg. of þæ t.; with compar. sǣnra: compar. of sǣ ne, adj., slow. 1436b. ðē: conj., because. hyne: ‘him’: acc. swylt: masc. nom.sg., death; cf. sweltan to die. fornam: pret. 3sg. of for-niman, st.4, to take away. 1437a. Hræþe: adv., quickly. wearð: was: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3. ӯðum: dat.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. 1437b. mid: prep., w.dat., with, by. eofer-sprēotum: dat.pl. of eofer-sprēot, masc., ‘boar-spear’. 1438a. heoro-hōcyhtum: masc. dat.pl. of heoro-hōcyhte, adj., ‘sword- (sharp) hooked’, barbed. 1438b. hearde: adv., ‘hard’, severely. ġenearwod: pp. of (ġe)nearwian, wk.2, to press. 1439a. nīða: gen.pl. of nīð, masc., battle; (adverbially) by force. ġenǣġed: pp. of ġenǣ ġan, wk.1, to assail, attack [G. neigen]. 1439b. on: prep., w.acc., onto. næs: masc. acc.sg., sea-cliff, ‘ness’. togen: pp. of tēon, st.2, to draw, pull. 1440a. wundorlīċ: adj., masc. nom.sg., strange [cf. wonder]. wǣġ-bora: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘wave-roamer’. 1440b. weras: nom.pl. of wer, masc., man. sċēawedon: pret. 3pl. of sċēawian, wk.2, to look at [show]. 1441a. gryrelīċne: masc. acc.sg. of gryre-līċ, adj., terrible, horrible. ġist: masc. acc.sg., stranger [guest]. 1441b. Ġyrede: pret. 3sg. of ġyrwan, wk.1, to gear, make ready. hine: ‘him’: acc.; refl. 1442a. eorl-ġewǣdum: dat.pl. of eorl-ġewǣ de, neut., ‘nobleman-dress’, armour. 1442b. nalles: adv., not at all. for: prep., w.dat., ‘for’, about. ealdre: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. mearn: pret. 3sg. of murnan, st.3, to have anxiety. 1443a. sċolde: pret. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., to be to, ‘should’. here-byrne: wk. fem. nom.sg., ‘war-corslet’. 1443b. hondum: instr.-dat.pl. of hand, hond, fem., ‘hand’. ġebrōden: pp. of ġebreġdan, st.3, weave, intertwine. 1444a. sīd: adj., fem. nom.sg., large, great. searo-fāh: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘skillfully decorated’. 1444b. sund: neut. acc.sg., sea, water. cunnian: wk.1 or 2, inf., to explore. 1445a. sēo ðe: rel. pron., that which; sēo: fem. nom.sg.; agrees with here-byrne. bān-cofan: dat.sg. of bān-cofa, wk. masc., ‘bonechamber’, body. 1445b. beorgan: st.3, inf., to protect, defend; w.dat. cūþe: pret. 3sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know how to, be able to; w. inf.

122

162r

1450

1455

þæt him hilde-grāp hreþre ne mihte,

敵意の把握も 彼の胸に危害を与えぬように、

eorres inwit-fenġ aldre ġesċeþðan;

怒れる者の悪意の手が 彼の命を害さぬように；

ac se hwīta helm |hafelan werede,

そして輝く兜が 彼の頭を防護した；

sē þe mere-grundas menġan sċolde,

それは海の底を かき混ぜ、

sēċan sund-ġebland since ġeweorðad,

1450

渦巻く水中を訪れることになった、 宝で飾られ、

befongen frēa-wrāsnum, swā hine fyrn-dagum

立派な金帯が巻かれた兜は、 その昔それを

worhte wǣpna smið, wundrum tēode,

刀鍛冶が造って、 人も驚くばかりに細工をし、

besette swīn-līcum, þæt hine syðþan nō

猪の像で飾ったので、 あとではそれをいかなる

brond nē beado-mēċas bītan ne meahton.

剣も戦の刃も 切ることができなかった。

Næs þæt þonne mǣtost mæġen-fultuma

1455

þæt him on ðearfe lāh ðyle Hrōðgāres;

それは最小の物ではなかった、 強力な助力の中で、 彼にまさかの時にと貸してくれた刀は、 フロースガール の顧問官 (U) が；

wæs þǣm hæft-mēċe Hrunting nama.

その柄ある刀の 名はフルンティングだった。

1446a. þæt: conj., so ‘that’. him: for him: dat. hilde-grāp: fem. nom.sg., ‘war-grip’. 1446b. hreþre: dat.sg. of hreðer, neut., breast, heart. ne: adv., not. mihte: pret. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can, ‘may’. 1447a. eorres: masc. gen.sg. of yrre, adj., ‘ireful’, angry. inwit-fenġ: masc. nom.sg., malicious grasp. 1447b. alder: dat.sg. of (e)aldor neut., life. ġesċeþðan: st.6, to injure, harm; w.dat. 1448a. ac: conj., but. se: the: masc. nom.sg. hwīta: wk. masc. nom.sg. of hwīt, adj., ‘white’, shining. helm: masc. nom.sg., ‘helmet’. 1448b. hafelan: acc.sg. of hafela, wk. masc., head. werede: pret. 3sg. of werian, wk.1, to guard, protect. 1449a. sē þe: that which: rel. pron., sē, masc. nom.sg.; agrees with se hwīta helm. mere-grundas: acc.pl. of mere-grund, masc., ‘lake-bottom’. 1449b. menġan: wk.1, to ‘mingle’, stir. sċolde: pret. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., to be to, shall. 1450a. sēċan: wk.1, to ‘seek’, visit. sundġebland: neut. acc.sg., ‘water-commotion’, surging water. 1450b. since: dat.sg. of sinc, neut., treasure, jewels. ġeweorðad: pp. of weorðian, wk.2, to ‘make worthy’, adorn. 1451a. befongen: pp. of be-fōn, st.7, to grasp. frēawrāsnum: dat.pl. of frēa-wrāsn, fem., lordly (=splendid) band. 1451b. swā: conj., as. hine: it: masc. acc. fyrndagum: dat. of fyrn-dagas, masc.pl., ‘old days’. 1452a. worhte: pret. 3sg. of wyrċan, wk.1, to ‘work’, make [wrought]. wǣpna: gen.pl. of wǣ pen, neut., ‘weapon’. smið: masc. nom.sg., ‘smith’. 1452b. wundrum: adv., wonderfully; dat.pl. of wundor, neut., ‘wonder’. tēode: pret. 3sg. of tēon, wk.2, to form, make. 1453a. besette: pret. 3sg. of be-settan, wk.1, to adorn [beset]. swīn-līcum: dat.pl. of swīn-līċ, neut., boar-figure [swine]. 1453b. þæt: conj., so ‘that’. hine: it, i.e. helm: acc. syðþan: adv., ‘since’, thereafter. nō: adv., not at all, never. 1454a. brond: masc. nom.sg., sword [brand]. nē: conj., nor. beado-mēċas: nom.pl. of beado-mēċe, masc., ‘battle-sword’. 1454b. bītan: st.1, to ‘bite’, cut. meahton: pret. 3pl. of magan, pret.-pres., can, may. 1455a. Næs: ‘was not’. þæt: it: neut. nom.sg.; the antecedent of þæ t in 1456a. þonne: adv., then, further. mǣtost: supl. of mǣ te, adj., insignificant, small. 1455b. mæġen-fultuma: gen.pl. of mæ ġen-fultum, masc., ‘might-help’, powerful aid. 1456a. þæt: rel. pron., which; neut. acc.sg. on: prep., w.dat., in. ðearfe: dat.sg. of þearf, fem., need. lāh: pret. 3sg. of lēon, st.1, to lend. 1456b. ðyle: masc. nom.sg., official spokesman; refers to Unferth. Hrōðgāres: gen. 1457a. þǣm: that, the: masc. dat.sg. hæft-mēċe: masc. dat.sg., hilted sword. 1457b. Hrunting: masc. nom.sg., Unferth’s sword; cf. hrindan, to thrust. nama: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘name’.

123

1460

Þæt wæs ān foran eald-ġestrēona;

それは最高の物の一つだった、 古き宝物の中の；

eċġ wæs īren, āter-tānum fāh,

刃は鋼にして、 錵が浮かしてあって、

āhyrded heaþo-swāte; nǣfre hit æt hilde ne swāc

1460

戦の血で鍛えられていた； それは戦で裏切ったことが なかった、

1465

manna ǣnġum, þāra þe hit mid mundum bewand,

いかなる人をも、 それを手に握った人を、

sē ðe gryre-sīðas ġegān dorste,

恐ろしい遠征に 赴く勇気を持った人を、

folc-stede fāra; næs þæt forma sīð

敵陣へ； これが初めてではなかった、

þæt hit ellen-weorc æfnan sċolde.

それが武勇の業を 行なうことになったのは。

Hūru ne ġemunde mago Eċġlāfes,

1465

実際覚えていなかった、 エッジラーフの息子 (U) は、

eafoþes cræftiġ, þæt hē ǣr ġespræc

力強き人は、 彼が以前話したことを

wīne druncen, þā hē þæs wǣpnes onlāh

ワインに酔って、 彼がその武器を貸したとき

sēlran sweord-frecan; selfa ne dorste

より優れた剣術遣い (B) に； 彼自身は勇気がなかった、

1458a. Þæt: it, that: neut. nom.sg. ān: neut. nom.sg., one. foran: adv., before, in front, (in figurative sense) prominent. 1458b. eald-ġestrēona: gen.pl. of eald-ġestrēon, neut., ‘ancient treasure’. 1459a. eċġ: fem. nom.sg., ‘edge’ of a sword; refers to damascening. īren: adj., fem. nom.sg., made of ‘iron’. 1459b. āter-tānum: dat.pl. of āter-tān, masc., gleaming with ‘venomous twig’. fāh: adj., fem. nom.sg., ornamented. 1460a. āhyrded: pp. of ā-hyrdan, wk.1, to ‘harden’. heaþo-swāte: dat.sg. of heaþo-swāt, masc., ‘battle-sweat’, blood shed in battle. 1460b. nǣfre: adv., never. hit: ‘it’: neut. nom.; refers to Hrunting. hilde: dat.sg. of hild, fem., war, battle. ne: adv., not. swāc: pret. 3sg. of swīcan, st.1, to fail; w.dat. 1461a. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. ǣnġum: pron., masc. dat.sg., ‘any’. 1461b. þāra þe: rel. pron., who; þāra: gen.pl; agrees with manna. hit:‘it’: acc.sg.; cf. 1460b. mid: prep., w.dat., with. mundum: dat.pl. of mund, fem., hand. bewand: pret. 3sg. of be-windan, st.3, to wind about, grasp. 1462a. sē ðe: rel. pron., he who, whoever; sē, masc. nom.; takes nom. to be required in the rel. clause, but the object of swāc. gryre-sīðas: acc.pl. of gryre-sīð, masc., ‘grim journey’. 1462b. ġegān: anom., to ‘go’. dorste: pret. 3sg. of *durran, pret.-pres., to ‘dare’. 1463a. folc-stede: masc. acc.sg., ‘folk-stead’, dwelling place. fāra: masc. gen.pl. of fāg, fāh, adj., hostile (one), ‘foe’. 1463b. næs: ‘was not’. þæt (…þæt): it (…that). forma: adj., masc. nom.sg., first. sīð: masc., nom.sg., time, occasion. 1464a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hit:‘it’: nom.sg.; refers to Hrunting. ellen-weorc: neut., acc.sg., ‘valour-work (= deed)’. 1464b. æfnan: wk.1, to perform, do. sċolde: was to, ‘should’: pret. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres. 1465a. Hūru: adv., indeed, at any rate. ne: adv., not. ġemunde: pret. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember. 1465b. mago: masc. nom.sg., son. Eċġlāfes: gen. of Eċġlāf, masc., father of Unferth. 1466a. eafoþes: gen.sg. of eafoð, neut., strength, might; gen. of respect. cræftiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., strong, powerful. 1466b. þæt: rel., what. ǣr: adv., early, before. ġespræc: pret. 3sg. of ġesprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’, say. 1467a. wīne: dat.sg. of wīn, neut., ‘wine’. druncen: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘drunken’, intoxicated; w.dat. 1467b. þā: conj., when. þæs: the, that: neut. gen.sg. wǣpnes: gen.sg. of wǣ pen, neut., ‘weapon’. onlāh: pret. 3sg. of onlēon, st.1, to lend.; w. dat. of person & gen. of thing. 1468a. sēlran: masc. dat.sg. of sēlra, sella, better, superior; compar. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. sweord-frecan: dat.sg. of sweord-freca, wk. masc., ‘swordsman’, warrior. 1468b. selfa: wk. masc. nom.sg. of self, sylf, refl. pron., ‘self ’. ne: adv., not. dorste: pret. 3sg.; see 1462b.

124

under ӯða ġewin aldre ġenēþan,

波立ち騒ぐ水中へ 命を賭けて冒険に行き、

1470

driht-sċype drēogan; þǣr hē dōme forlēas,

162v

ellen-|mǣr[ð]um. Ne wæs þǣm ōðrum swā,

勇気に対する名声を。 もう一人 (B) は違った、

syðþan hē hine tō gūðe ġeġyred hæfde.

彼が戦の 身支度を整えたとき。

1470

武勇を行なう勇気がなかった； これで彼は名誉を失った、

1469a. under: prep., w.acc. (motion), ‘under’, into. ӯða: gen.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. ġewin: neut. acc.sg., turmoil. 1469b. alder: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. genēþan: wk.1, inf., to risk, venture. 1470a. driht-sċype: masc. acc. sg., ‘valour-ship’, bravery. drēogan: st.2, inf., to do, carry out. 1470b. þǣr: adv., ‘there’, then. dōme: dat.sg. of dōm, masc., glory, fame. forlēas: pret. 3sg. of for-lēosan, st.2, to lose; w.dat. 1471a. ellen-mǣr[ð]um: dat.pl. of ellen-mǣ rþu, fem., ‘courage-fame’; MS ellen / ….um, A, B mæ rdam; restored by Thorpe and Grein. 1471b. Ne: adv., not. þǣm: the: masc. dat.sg. ōðrum: masc. dat.sg. of ōðer, adj., another (one); refers to Beowulf. swā: adv., so, likewise. 1472a. syðþan: conj., when. hine: ‘him’: acc.; refl. tō: prep., w.dat., ‘to’, for. gūðe: dat.sg. of gūð, fem., war, battle. 1472b. ġeġyred: pp. of ġyrwan, wk.1, to gear, prepare. hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’.

125

・XXII・

XXII

BĒOWVLF maðelode, bearn Eċġþēowes:

ベーオウルフは語った、 エッジセーオウの息子は：

“Ġeþenċ nū, se mǣra maga Healfdenes, 1475

1480

1485

『お忘れなきよう、名高き ヘアルフデネのご子息よ、

snottra fenġel, nū iċ eom sīðes fūs,

1475

賢明なる君よ、 只今遠征の用意が整いました、

gold-wine gumena, hwæt wit ġeō sprǣcon:

人々の黄金の友よ、 我ら二人が以前話したことを、

ġif iċ æt þearfe þīnre sċolde

万一私が殿の 火急に際し

aldre linnan, þæt ðū mē ā wǣre,

命を落とすことがあれば、 ずっといてくださることを、

forð-ġewitenum, on fæder stǣle.

死に旅立つことがあれば、 私の父の立場に。

Wes þū mund-bora mīnum mago-þeġnum,

1480

保護者になってください、 わが若武者たちの、

hond-ġesellum, ġif meċ hild nime;

身近な戦友らの、 もし戦がわが命を奪う時は；

swylċe þū ðā mādmas, þē þū mē sealdest,

また宝物を、 殿が私に下さった、

Hrōðgār lēofa, Hiġelāce onsend.

親愛なるフロースガールよ、 ヒュエラークに送られたい。

Mæġ þonne on þǣm golde onġitan Ġēata dryhten,

そうすればその黄金に認めるでしょう イェーアタスの王は、

ġesēon sunu Hrǣdles, þonne hē on þæt sinc starað,

1485

フレーゼルの息子は知るでしょう、  彼がその宝を見たら、

1473ab. this same line already occurs also in 529, 631, 957, 1383. 1474a. Ġeþenċ: imper. sg. of ġeþenċan, wk.1, to remember. nū: adv., ‘now’. se: the, that: masc. voc.sg. mǣra: voc.sg., wk. of mǣ re, adj., famous. 1474b. maga: wk. masc. voc.sg., son. Healfdenes: gen. of Healfdene, masc. 1475a. snottra: voc.sg., wk. of snotor, adj., wise. fenġel: masc. voc.sg., king. 1475b. eom: (I) ‘am’. siðes: gen.sg. of sīð, masc., journey, expedition. fūs: adj., masc. nom.sg., ready; w.gen. (for). 1476a. gold-wine: masc. voc. sg., ‘gold-friend’, generous lord. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man [bridegroom]. 1476b. hwæt: rel. pron., neut. acc.sg., ‘what’; refers to 946b–50. wit: we two. ġeō: adv., formerly. sprǣcon: pret. 3pl. of sprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’. 1477a. ġif: conj., ‘if ’. æt: prep., ‘at’, in. þearfe: dat.sg. of þearf, fem., need, trouble. 1477b. þīnre: ‘thy, thine’: fem. dat.sg.; modifies the preceding þearfe. sċolde: ‘should’: pret. 3sg. 1478a. alder: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. linnan: st.3, to part from, lose; w.dat. 1478b. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the object clause of Ġeþenċ. mē: to me: dat. ā: adv., always. wǣre: ‘were’: pret. subj. of wesan, st.5, to be. 1479a. forð-ġewitenum: masc. dat.sg. of forð-ġewiten, adj. (pp.), departed, dead. 1479b. on: prep., at. fæder: masc. gen.sg., ‘father’. stǣle: dat.sg. of stǣ l, masc., position. 1480a. Wes: imper. sg. of wesan, st.5, to be. mund-bora: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘hand-ruler’, protector. 1480b. mīnum: ‘my, mine’: masc. dat.pl. mago-þeġnum: dat.pl. of mago-ðeġn, masc., ‘young thane’. 1481a. hond-ġesellum: dat.pl. of hond-ġesella, wk. masc., ‘hand-giver’, comrade [G. Geselle]. 1481b. meċ: ‘me’: acc. hild: fem. nom.sg., battle. nime: pres. subj. 3sg. of niman, st.4, to take, seize. 1482a. swylċe: adv., likewise, also. ðā: the, that: masc. acc.pl. mādmas: acc.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., gift, treasure. 1482b. þē: rel. particle, which, that. sealdest: pret. 2sg. of sellan, wk.1, to give, offer. 1483a. lēofa: masc. wk. voc.sg. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved. 1483b. Hiġelāce: dat. of Hyġelāc, masc. onsend: imper. sg. of on-sendan, wk.1, to ‘send’. 1484a. Mæġ: ‘may’, can: pres. 3sg. þonne: adv., then. on: prep., ‘on’, at. þǣm: the, that: neut. dat.sg. golde: dat.sg. of gold, neut. onġitan: st.5, to perceive, understand. 1484b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas, masc. dryhten: masc. nom.sg., lord, chief. 1485a. ġesēon: st.5, to ‘see’. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’. Hrǣdles: gen. of Hrǣ dla, Hrǣ ðel. 1485b. þonne: conj., when. þæt: the, that: neut. acc.sg. sinc: neut. acc. sg., treasure. starað: pres. 3sg. of starian, wk.2, to ‘stare’.

126

þæt iċ gum-cystum gōdne funde

私が男らしい美徳に 優れた方に出会ったことを、

bēaga bryttan, brēac þonne mōste.

宝物の分配者に、 恵みを受けられる間受けたことを。

Ond þū [Un]ferð lǣt ealde lāfe,

そしてウンフェルスに 古刀を、

wrǣtlīċ wǣġ-sweord wīd-cūðne man

錵の浮いた素晴らしい剣を、 広く名の知れた者 (U) に

1490

heard-eċġ habban; iċ mē mid Hruntinge

163r

dōm ġewyrċe, |oþðe meċ dēað nimeð.”

1490

名声を勝ち得るか、  はたまた死が我が命を奪うかです』

Æfter þǣm wordum Weder-Ġēata lēod

1495

刃鋭き物をお渡し下さい； フルンティングで我がために

 そう言い残すと、 「嵐の」イェーアタスの王子は

efste mid elne, nalas andsware

勇敢に急いだ、 少しも答えを

bīdan wolde; brim-wylm onfēng

待つ気はなかった； 海の寄せ波が受け入れた、

hilde-rince. Ðā wæs hwīl dæġes,

1495

この武士を。 それからその日の長い時間が経過した、

ǣr hē þone grund-wong onġytan mehte.

彼が水底を 見ることができるまでに。

Sōna þæt onfunde, sē ðe flōda begong,

すぐさま見つけた、 水域を

heoro-ġīfre, behēold hund missēra

血に飢えて支配してきた者は、 50 年もの間、

grim ond grǣdiġ, þæt þǣr gumena sum

獰猛で貪欲な者は、 そこへ人間が一人

1486a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. gum-cystum: dat.pl. of gum-cyst, fem., manly virtue. 1486b. gōdne: masc. acc.sg. of gōd, adj., ‘good’ (one). funde: pret. 1sg. of findan, st.3, to ‘find’. 1487a. bēaga: gen.pl. of bēag, masc., ring, (in pl.) treasures. bryttan: acc.sg. of brytta, wk. masc., distributor. 1487b. brēac: pret. 1sg. of brūcan, st.2, enjoy. þonne: conj., while. moste: pret. 1sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., to have opportunity. 1488a. [Un]ferð: masc. acc.sg.; see 499a. lǣt: imper. sg. of lǣ tan, st.7, to ‘let’. 1488b. ealde: fem. acc.sg. of eald, adj., ‘old’. lāfe: acc.sg. of lāf, fem., heirloom. 1489a. wrǣtlīċ: adj., neut. acc.sg. splendid. wǣġ-sweord: neut. acc.sg., wave-patterned sword. 1489b. wīd-cūðne: masc. acc.sg. of wīd-cūþ, adj., ‘widely known’. man: masc. acc.sg., ‘man’. 1490a. heard-eċġ: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘hard edge’. habban: wk.3, inf., to ‘have’. 1490b. mē: ‘for me’: dat. mid: prep., with. Hruntinge: dat. of Hrunting, masc., Unferth’s sword. 1491a. dōm: masc. acc.sg., glory. ġewyrċe: pres. 1sg. of ġewyrċan, wk.1, to accomplish. 1491b. oþðe: conj., or. meċ: ‘me’: acc. dēað: masc. nom.sg., ‘death’. nimeð: pres. 3sg. of niman, st.4, to take. 1492a. Æfter: prep., after; see Com. þǣm: the, those: dat.pl. wordum: dat.pl. of word, neut. 1492b. Weder-Ġēata: gen. of Weder-Ġēatas. lēod: masc. nom.sg., prince. 1493a. efste: pret. 3sg. of efstan, wk.1, to hasten. elne: dat.sg. of ellen, neut., courage. 1493b. nalas: adv., not at all. andsware: gen.sg. of andswaru, fem., ‘answer’. 1494a. bīdan: st.1, to await; w.gen. wolde: ‘would’: pret. 3sg. 1494b. brim-wylm: masc. nom.sg., ‘seawelling’. onfēng: pret. 3sg. of on-fōn, st.7, to receive; w.dat. 1495a. hilde-rince: dat.sg. of hilde-rinc, masc., ‘battleman’. 1495b. Ðā: adv., then. hwīl: fem. nom.sg., time. dæġes: gen.sg. of dæ ġ, masc., ‘day’; on the dicussion of hwīl dæ ġes ‘a good part of the day’ (Klaeber’s Notes), see Jack (pp. 117–8). 1496a. ǣr: conj., before. þone: the. grund-wong: masc. acc.sg, bottom. 1496b. onġytan: st.5, to perceive. mehte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 1497a. Sōna: adv., immediately. þæt (...þæt): it (...that). onfunde: pret. 3sg. of on-findan, st.3, to ‘find out’. 1497b. sē ðe: rel. pron., he (she) who; refers to Grendel’s mother; cf. 1260a; hē 1392b, 1394b. flōda: gen.pl. of flōd, masc., ‘flood’. begong: acc.sg. of be-gang, masc., expanse. 1498a. heoro-ġīfre: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘sword-greedy’, bloodthirsty. behēold: pret. 3sg. of be-healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’. 1498b. hund: ‘hundred’: adverbial acc.: w.gen. missēra: gen.pl. of missēre, neut., half-year. 1499a. grim: adj., ‘grim’ grǣdiġ: adj., ‘greedy’. 1499b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. sum: masc. nom.sg., one.

127

1500

1505

1510

æl-wihta eard ufan cunnode.

1500

怪物の棲家を 上から探検に来るのを。

Grāp þā tōġēanes, gūð-rinc ġefēng

その時掴みかかった、 武士を捕らえた

atolan clommum; nō þӯ ǣr in ġesċōd

恐るべき握力で； まだ内部までは傷つけなかった

hālan līċe; hring ūtan ymbbearh,

彼の健全な体を； 鎖鎧が外側からぐるっと守ったので、

þæt hēo þone fyrd-hom ðurhfōn ne mihte,

彼女は武具を 突き通すことができなかったのだ、

locene leoðo-syrċan lāþan fingrum.

1505

鎖状の長鎧を 憎悪のこもった指で。

Bær þā sēo brim-wyl[f], þā hēo tō botme cōm,

すると海の雌狼は連れ込んだ、 彼女が海底に着くや、

hringa þenġel tō hofe sīnum,

鎖帷子を着た王子を 彼女の棲家に、

swā hē ne mihte, ― nō hē þæ[s] mōdiġ wæs ―

彼ができぬようにと、 彼がどんなに勇敢であれ、

wǣpna ġewealdan, ac hine wundra þæs fela

武器を揮うことが； 彼を夥しい怪しい生物が

swe[n]ċte on sunde, sǣ-dēor moniġ

1510

水中で悩ました； 多数の海獣が

hilde-tūxum here-syrċan bræc,

好戦的な牙で 彼の戦衣を裂こうとした、

ēhton āglǣċan. Ðā se eorl onġeat,

怪物どもが彼を追跡しようとした。  すると貴人は認めた、

1500a. æl-wihta: gen.pl. of æ l-wiht, fem., ‘alien creature’. eard: masc. acc.sg., dwelling place. 1500b. ufan: adv., from above. cunnode: pret. 3sg. of cunnian, wk.1/2, to explore. 1501a. Grāp: pret. 3sg. of grīpan, st.1, to grasp. þā: adv., then. tōġēanes: prep., towards (him). 1501b. gūð-rinc: masc. acc.sg., ‘battle-man’. ġefēng: pret. 3sg. of ġefōn, st.7, to seize. 1502a. atolan: masc. dat.pl. atol, adj., horrible. clommum: dat.pl. of clom(m), masc., grip. 1502b. nō þӯ ǣr: none the sooner, not...yet. in: adv., inside. ġesċōd: pret. 3sg. of ġesċeþðan, st.6, to injure; w.dat. 1503a. hālan: wk. neut. dat.sg. of hāl, adj., ‘whole’, unhurt. līċe: dat.sg. of līċ, neut., body. 1503b. hring: masc. nom.sg., ‘ring’-mail. ūtan: adv., from outside. ymbbearh: pret. 3sg. of ymb-beorgan, st.3, to protect round about. 1504a. þæt: conj., so that. hēo: she. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. fyrd-hom: masc. acc.sg., war-garment. 1504b. ðurh-fōn: st.7, to pierce. mihte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 1505a. locene: linked: fem. acc.sg., pp. of lūcan, st.2, to ‘lock’. leoðo-syrċan: acc.sg. of leoðo-syrċe, wk. fem., ‘limb-sark’, long corslet. 1505b. lāþan: wk. masc. instr.-dat. pl. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’. fingrum: dat.pl. of finger, masc. 1506a. Bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry. þā: adv., then. sēo: the: fem. nom.sg. brim-wyl[f]: fem. nom.sg., ‘sea-shewolf’, i.e. Grendel’s mother; MS wyl; emended by Kemble. 1506b. þā: conj., when. hēo: she; see 1504a. botme: dat.sg. of botm, masc., ‘bottom’ (of the mere). cōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 1507a. hringa: gen.pl. of hring, masc., ‘ring’; means ‘ring-clad’; cf. 1503b. þenġel: masc. acc.sg., prince. 1507b. hofe: dat.sg. of hof, neut., dwelling [G. Hof]. sīnum: her: neut. dat. sg. of sīn, poss. pron. 1508a. swā: conj., so that. mihte: see 1504b. 1508b. nō: adv., by no means; see Com. þæ[s]: so: neut. gen.sg.; MS þæ m; suggested by Grundtvig. mōdiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., brave. 1509a. wǣpna: gen. pl. of wǣ pen, neut., ‘weapon’. ġewealdan: st.7, to ‘wield’; w.gen. 1509b. ac: conj., but. hine: him: acc. wundra: gen.pl. of wundor, neut., monster. þæs: so. fela: neut. nom.sg., many; w.gen.pl. 1510a. swe[n]ċte: pret. 3sg. of swenċan, wk.1, to press hard; MS swecte; suggested by Kemble. sunde: dat.sg. of sund, neut., water. 1510b. sǣdēor: neut. nom.sg., ‘sea-beast’. moniġ: neut. nom.sg, ‘many’ a. 1511a. hilde-tuxum: dat.pl. of hilde-tux, masc., ‘battle-tusk’. 1511b. here-syrċan: acc.sg. of here-syrċe, wk. fem., ‘battle-sark’. bræc: pret. 3sg. of brecan, st.4, to ; ‘break’; imperfect use. 1512a. ēhton: pret. 3pl. of ēhtan, wk.1, to chase; w.gen. āglǣċan: nom.pl. of āglǣ ċa, wk. masc., sea-monster; see Com. 1512b. Ðā: adv., then. se: the, that. 3sg. of on-ġitan, st.5, to perceive.

128

eorl: masc. nom.sg., nobleman. onġeat: pret.

þæt hē [in] nīð-sele nāt-hwylcum wæs,

自分が敵の広間にいるのを、 どこか分からぬ、

þǣr him nǣniġ wæter wihte ne sċeþede,

そこでは水は何にも 彼に害を与えることもなく、

1515

nē him for hrōf-sele hrīnan ne mehte

163v

fǣr-gripe flōdes: |fӯr-lēoht ġeseah,

水の奇襲が： 彼は灯火を見た、

blācne lēoman beorhte sċīnan.

輝く光りが 明るく照らしているのを。

1515

Onġeat þā se gōda grund-wyrġenne,

 その時勇士は見た、 水底の呪われた者を

mere-wīf mihtiġ; mæġen-rǣs forġeaf 1520

1525

hilde-bille, ho[n]d swen[ġ] ne oftēah,

彼には、屋根付の広間のため、 触れなかった、

強力な海女を； 力のこもった弾みをつけた、 1520

戦刀に、 彼の手は打撃を抑えはしなかったので、

þæt hire on hafelan hring-mǣl āgōl

彼女の頭に当たって 錵の浮いた刀が歌った、

grǣdiġ gūð-lēoð. Ðā se ġist onfand

激しい戦の歌を。 その時訪問者は見出した、

þæt se beado-lēoma bītan nolde,

戦の光り〔剣〕が 切り込もうとせず、

aldre sċeþðan, ac sēo eċġ ġeswāc

命を損なおうとせずに、 その刃が裏切ったのを、

ðēodne æt þearfe; ðolode ǣr fela

1525

まさかの時に王子を； これまでに沢山経験した、

1513a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. [in]: prep., ‘in’; no gap in MS; supplied by Thorpe nīð-sele: masc. dat.sg., ‘hostile hall’. 1513b. nāt-hwylcum: masc. dat.sg. of nāt-hwylċ, adj., unknown. 1514a. þǣr: rel. adv., where. nǣniġ: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘not any’. wæter: neut. nom.sg., ‘water’. 1514b. wihte: adv., in any way; with ne ‘in no way’. sċeþede: pret. 3sg. of sċeþðan, st.6, to hurt; w.dat. 1515a. for: prep., because of. hrōf-sele: masc. dat.sg., ‘roofed hall’. 1515b. hrīnan: st.1, to touch, reach. mehte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 1516a. fǣr-gripe: masc. nom.sg., ‘sudden grip (= attack)’. flōdes: gen.sg. of flōd, masc., flood. 1516b. fӯr-lēoht: neut. acc.sg., ‘fire-light’. ġeseah: pret. 3sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’; w.acc. & inf. 1517a. blācne: masc. acc.sg. of blāc, adj., bright, shining. lēoman: acc.sg. of lēoma, wk. masc., light [leam]. 1517b. beorhte: adv., ‘brightly’. sċīnan: st.1, to ‘shine’. 1518a. Onġeat: pret. 3sg. of on-ġytan, st.5, to perceive. þā: adv., then. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. gōda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of gōd, adj., ‘good’, brave. 1518b. grund-wyrġenne: acc.sg. of grund-wyrġen, fem., ‘ground (= bottom)-accursed one’, i.e. Grendel’s mother: cf. wierġan to curse]. 1519a. mere-wīf: neut. acc.sg., ‘mere-wife’. mihtiġ: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘mighty’. 1519b. mæġen-rǣs: masc. acc.sg., ‘main (= mighty) blow’. forġeaf: pret. 3sg. of for-ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’; with an intensifier for-. 1520a. hilde-bille: dat.sg. of hilde-bil, neut., ‘battle-bill (= sword). 1520b. ho[n]d: fem. nom.sg., ‘hand’; MS hord; emended by Grundtvig. swen[ġ]: masc. acc.sg., blow, stroke; MS swenge; emended by Trautmann. oftēah: pret. 3sg. of of-tēon, st.1, to withhold 1521a. þæt: conj., so that. hire: ‘her’: poss. dat. hafelan: dat.sg. of hafela, wk. masc., head. 1521b. hring-mǣl: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘ring-patterned’ (sword). āgōl: pret. 3sg. of ā-galan, st.6, to sing. 1522a. grǣdiġ: adj., neut. acc.sg. ‘greedy’, fierce. gūð-lēoð: neut. acc.sg., ‘warsong’ [G. Lied]. 1522b. Ðā: adv., then. ġist: masc. nom.sg., visitor, i.e. Beowulf [guest]. onfand: pret. 3sg. of onfindan, st.3, to ‘find out’. 1523a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. beado-lēoma: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-light’; a kenning for ‘sword’. 1523b. bītan: st.1, to ‘bite’. nolde: = ne wolde: ‘would not’: pret. 3sg. 1524a. aldre: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. sċeþðan: st.6, to hurt; cf. 1514b. 1524b. sēo: the, that: fem. nom.sg. eċġ: fem. nom.sg., ‘edge’ (of a weapon). ġeswāc: pret. 3sg. of ġeswīcan, st.1, to fail; w.dat. 1525a. ðēodne: dat.sg. of þēoden, masc., lord, prince. þearfe: dat.sg. of þearf, fem., need, trouble. 1525b. þolode: pret. 3sg. of þolian, wk.2, to suffer. ǣr: adv., before. fela: acc.sg., many; w.partit.gen.

129

hond-ġemōta, helm oft ġesċær,

手合せを、 よく兜を切り裂いたものだった、

fǣġes fyrd-hræġl; þā wæs forma sīð

死すべき者の戦衣を； その時初めてだった 

dēorum mādme, þæt his dōm ālæġ.

貴重な宝刀にとって その名誉が潰えたのは。

Eft wæs ān-rǣd, nalas elnes læt, 1530

1535

 決意を新たにし、 決して勇気を失わなかった、

mǣrða ġemyndiġ mǣġ Hӯlāces:

1530

誉れを心に掛ける ヒュエラークの血族は、

wearp ðā wunde[n]-mǣl, wrǣttum ġebunden,

渦巻き模様の剣を投げつけた、 飾り付の物を、

yrre ōretta, þæt hit on eorðan læġ,

怒った武士は、 それでそれは地面に横たわった、

stīð ond stӯl-eċġ; strenġe ġetruwode,

丈夫で鋼の付いた物は； 彼は己の力を信じた、

mund-gripe mæġenes. Swā sċeal man dō[a]n,

強力な握力を。 人はそうあらねばならない、

þonne hē æt gūðe ġegān þenċeð

1535

戦にて 得ようとする時は

longsumne lof; nā ymb his līf cearað.

長く消えぬ誉れを； 己の命のことなど気に掛けなかった。

Ġefēng þā be eaxle ― nalas for fǣhðe mearn ―

それから肩を掴んだ ― 決して闘いに怖じけなかった ―

Gūð-Ġēata lēod Grendles mōdor;

「戦の」イェーアタスの王子は グレンデルの母親の；

1526a. hond-ġemōta: gen.pl. of hond-ġemōt, neut., ‘hand-meeting’, battle. 1526b. helm: masc. acc.sg., ‘helmet’. oft: adv., ‘often’. ġesċær: pret. 3sg. of ġesċeran, st.4, to cut through. 1527a. fǣġes: masc. gen.sg. of fǣ ġe, adj., fated (one). fyrd-hræġl: neut. acc.sg., ‘war-gear’. 1527b. þā: adv., then. forma: adj., first. sīð: masc. nom.sg., time. 1528a. dēorum: masc. dat.sg. of dēore, adj., ‘dear’, precious. mādme: dat.sg. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. 1528b. þæt: conj., (it was…) ‘that’. his: its: masc. gen.sg.; refers to mādme. dōm: masc. nom.sg., glory, fame. ālæġ: pret. 3s. of ā-liċġan, st.5, to fail. 1529a. Eft: adv., again. ān-rǣd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘one-minded’, resolute. 1529b. nalas: adv., not at all. elnes: gen.sg. of ellen, neut., courage. læt: adj., masc. nom.sg., sluggish [late]; w.gen. 1530a. mǣrða: gen.pl. of mǣ rðo, fem., fame, glory. ġemyndiġ : adj., masc. nom.sg., mindful (of); w.gen. 1530b. mǣġ: masc. nom.sg., kinsman. Hȳlāces: gen. of Hiġelāc. 1531a. wearp: pret. 3sg. of weorpan, st.3, to cast [warp]. ðā: the, that: fem. acc.sg. wunde[n]-mǣl: neut. acc.sg., of ‘wound marked’ sword; MS wundel; emended by Kemble. 1531b. wrǣttum: dat.pl. of wrǣ tt, fem., ornament, jewel. ġebunden: neut. acc.sg., pp. of bindan, st.3, to adorn [bind]. 1532a. yrre: adj., masc. nom.sg., enraged. ōretta: wk. masc. nom.sg., warrior, hero. 1532b. þæt: conj., so that. hit: ‘it’: neut. nom.sg.; = wunde[n]-mǣ l. eorðan: dat.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., ‘earth’, ground. læġ: pret. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’ down. 1533a. stīð: adj., neut. nom.sg., hard. stӯl-eċġ: adj., neut. nom. sg., ‘steel-edged’. 1533b. strenġe: dat.sg. of strenġo, wk. fem., ‘strength’. ġetruwode: pret. 3sg. of ġetruwian, wk.2, to trust; w.dat. 1534a. mund-gripe: masc. dat.sg., ‘hand-grip’. mæġenes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., strength [main]. 1534b. Swā: adv., ‘so’. sċeal: ‘shall’, must: pres. 3sg. man: masc. nom.sg. dō[a]n: anom., to ‘do’, act; MS don; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 1535a. þonne: conj., when. gūðe: dat.sg. of gūð, fem., battle. 1535b. ġegān: anom., to obtain. þenċeð: pres. 3sg. of þenċan, wk.1, to intend. 1536a. longsumne: masc. acc.sg. of long-sum, adj., long-lasting [cf. longsome]. lof: masc. acc.sg., glory. 1536b. nā: = nō: not at all. ymb: prep., w.acc., about. līf: neut. acc.sg., ‘life’. cearað: pres. 3 sg. of cearian, wk.2, to ‘care’ about. 1537a. Ġefēng: pret. 3sg. of ġefōn, st.7, to grasp; the verb unusually alliterates as here in place of the noun; Jack (p. 120) emends eaxle to [f]eax[e] (hair) for normal alliteration. þā: adv., then. be: prep., ‘by’. eaxle: dat.sg. of eaxl, fem., shoulder. 1537b. nalas: adv., not at all. for: prep., ‘for’, about. fǣhðe: dat.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’. mearn: pret. 3sg. of murnan, st.3, to have fear (for). 1538a. Gūð-Ġēata: gen., ‘of War-Geatas’. lēod: masc. nom.sg., price. 1538b. Grendles: gen. mōdor: fem. acc.sg., ‘mother’. 130

bræġd þā beadwe heard, þā hē ġebolgen wæs, 1540

164r

1545

1550

そして戦に猛き人は振り回した、 怒り狂ったとき

feorh-ġenīðlan, þæt hēo on flet ġebēah.

1540

不倶戴天の敵を、 そのため彼女は床に倒れた。

Hēo him eft hraþe [a]ndlēan forġeald

彼女の方でもすぐさま 仕返しをした

grim|man grāpum, ond him tōġēanes fēng.

恐ろしい握力で、 彼に向かって掴みかかった。

Oferwearp þā wēriġ-mōd wigena strenġest

すると心萎えて躓いた、 武士の中の最強の

fēþe-cempa, þæt hē on fylle wearð.

歩兵は、 そのため彼は倒れた。

Ofsæt þā þone sele-ġyst, ond hyre sea[x] ġetēah,

1545

すると広間の客に馬乗りになり、 短剣を引き抜いた、

brād [ond] brūn-eċġ; wolde hire bearn wrecan,

幅広い白刃を； 彼女の息子の仇を討つことを願った、

āngan eaferan. Him on eaxle læġ

一人息子の。 彼の肩を覆っていた

brēost-net brōden; þæt ġebearh fēore,

編んで作られた胸当てが； それが彼の命を救った、

wið ord ond wið eċġe ingang forstōd.

切っ先と刃に対し 進入を防いだ。

Hæfde ða forsīðod sunu Eċġþēowes,

1550

under ġynne grund, Ġēata cempa,

その時死出の旅をするところだった、 エッジセーオウの息子は 広い海底の下へ、 イェーアタスの戦士は、

1539a. bræġd: pret. 3sg. of breġdan, st.3, to brandish. þā: adv., then. beadwe: gen.sg. of beadu, fem., battle; gen. of respect. heard: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘hard’, strong (one). 1539b. þā: conj., when. ġebolgen: masc. nom.sg., pp. of gebelgan, st.3, to enrage. 1540a. feorh-ġenīðlan: acc.sg. of feorh-ġenīðla, wk. masc., ‘life (= mortal) foe’. 1540b. þæt: conj., so that. hēo: she. flet: neut. acc.sg., floor (of a hall). ġebēah: pret. 3sg. of ġebūgan, st. 2, to fall [bow]. 1541a. eft: adv., back. hraþe: adv., quickly [rather]. 1541b. [a]nd-lēan: neut. acc.sg., requital; MS handlean; emended by Rieger. forġeald: pret. 3sg. of for-ġyldan, st.3, to repay, requite. 1542a. grimman: wk. fem. dat.pl. of grim(m), adj., ‘grim’, fierce. grāpum: dat.pl. of grāp, fem., grasp; cf. grīpan to ‘gripe’. 1542b. tōġēanes: prep., against, towards; postpositioned. fēng: pret. 3sg. of fōn, st.7, to grasp. 1543a. Oferwear[p]: pret. 3sg. of ofer-weorpan, st.3, to fall over. þā: adv., then. wēriġ-mōd: adj., ‘weary minded’. 1543b. wigena: gen.pl. of wiga, wk. masc., warrior. strenġest: ‘strongest one’: supl. of strang, adj., ‘strong’. 1544a. fēþe-cempa: wk. masc. nom. sg., ‘foot soldier’. 1544b. þæt: conj., so that. on fylle wearð: fell. fylle: dat.sg. of fyll, masc., fall. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 1545a. Ofsæt: pret. 3sg. of of-sittan, st.5, to sit on. þā: adv., then. þone: the, that: masc. acc.sg. sele-ġyst masc. acc.sg., ‘hall-guest’. 1545b. hyre: ‘her’: gen.sg. sea[x]: neut. acc.sg., ‘sax’, short sword; MS seaxe (dat.sg.); emended by Ettmüller. ġetēah: pret. 3sg. of ġetēon, st.2, to draw. 1546a. brād: adj., neut. acc. sg., ‘broad’. brūn-eċġ: neut. acc.sg., adj., ‘brown (= gleaming) edge’. 1546b. wolde: ‘would’, wanted: pret. 3sg. hire: ‘her’. bearn: neut. / masc. acc.sg., child. wrecan: st.5, to avenge. 1547a. āngan: masc. acc.sg. of ānga, adj., only. eaferan: acc.sg. of eafora, wk. masc., son. 1547b. Him: ‘him’: poss. dat. eaxle: dat.sg. of eaxl, fem., shoulder. læġ: pret. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’ down. 1548a. brēost-net: neut. nom.sg., ‘breast-net’. brōden: pp. of breġdan, st.3, to weave; modifies brēost-net. 1548b. þæt: ‘that’: neut. nom.sg. ġebearh: pret. 3sg. of ġebeorgan, st.3, to protect, save. fēore: dat.sg. of feorh, neut., life. 1549a. wið: prep., against. ord: masc. acc.sg., point. eċġe: acc.sg. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’. 1549b. in-gang: masc. acc.sg., entrance. forstōd: pret. 3sg. of for-standan, st.6, to ‘stand against’. 1550a. Hæfde: would have: pret. subj. 3sg. ðā: adv., then. forsīðod: pp. of for-sīðian, wk.2, to perish. 1550b. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’. Eċġþēowes: gen. 1551a. under: prep., w.acc., ‘under’, to the lower part of. ġynne: masc. acc.sg. of ġyn(n), adj., spacious. grund: masc. acc.sg., ‘ground’, bottom (of the mere). 1551b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. cempa: wk. masc. nom.sg., warrior.

131

1555

nemne him heaðo-byrne helpe ġefremede,

もしも戦鎧が 助けてくれなければ、

here-net hearde,― ond hāliġ God

丈夫な戦網が、 ― そして聖なる神が

ġewēold wīġ-sigor; wītiġ Drihten,

戦勝をもたらさなければ； 先見の明ある主が

rodera Rǣdend hit on ryht ġesċēd

1555

ӯðelīce, syþðan hē eft āstōd.

天の支配者が それ〔勝敗〕を正しく判定された、 いとも簡単に、 彼が再び立ち上がったとき。

1552a. nemne: conj., unless; with subj. heaðo-byrne: wk. fem. nom.sg., ‘battle-byrnie’. 1552b. helpe: acc.sg. of help, fem., ‘help’. ġefremede: pret. subj. 3sg. of ġefremman, wk.1, to do, perform. 1553a. here-net: neut. nom.sg., ‘war-net’, corslet. hearde: wk. neut. nom.sg. of heard, adj., ‘hard’. 1553b. hāliġ : adj., ‘holy’. God: masc. nom., God. 1554a. ġewēold: pret. 3sg. of ġewealdan, st.7, to rule, ‘wield’. wīġ-sigor: masc. acc.sg., ‘war-victory’. 1554b. wītiġ: adj., wise. Drihten: masc. nom.sg., the Lord. 1555a. rodera: gen.pl. of rodor, masc., sky, heaven; poetic pl. Rǣdend: masc. nom.sg., Ruler, God. 1555b. hit: ‘it’: acc.; refers to the issue of the fight. on riht: rightly. ryht: neut. acc.sg., ‘right’. ġesċēd: pret. 3sg. of ġesċadan, st.7, to decide. 1556a. ӯðelīċe: adv., ‘easily’. 1556b. syþðan: conj., when. eft: adv., again. āstōd: pret. 3sg. of ā-standan, st.6, to ‘stand up’.

132

XXIII

・XXIII・

ĠEseah ðā on searwum siġe-ēadiġ bil,

1560

 その時彼は武器の中に見つけた、 勝利をもたらす剣を、

eald-sweord eotenisċ eċġum þȳhtiġ,

巨人の作なる古刀を、 両刃硬き、

wigena weorð-mynd; þæt [wæs] wǣpna cyst,

武人の栄光〔刀〕を； それは武器の中で最高のものだった、

būton hit wæs māre ðonne ǣniġ mon ōðer

1560

ただしそれは大きかった、 他の誰も

tō beadu-lāce ætberan meahte,

試合に 持ち運べないほどに、

gōd ond ġeatolīċ, ġīganta ġeweorc.

立派で見事な 巨人の作品だった。

Hē ġefēng þā fetel-hilt, freca Sċyldinga

彼は環飾りの柄を握った、 シュルディンガスの勇士は、

1564

hrēoh ond heoro-grim, hring-mǣl ġebræġd

獰猛にして厳しい人は、 錵の浮いた剣を抜いた

164v

aldres orwēna, yrringa |slōh,

1565

命の望みを捨て 激怒して斬り付けた、

þæt hire wið halse heard grāpode,

すると女の首に 硬きもの〔刃〕が食い込み、

bān-hringas bræc; bil eal ðurhwōd

椎骨を砕いた； 剣はすっかり刺し貫いた

fǣġne flǣsċ-homan; hēo on flet ġecrong,

死すべき肉体を； 彼女は床に倒れ、

1557a. ĠEseah: pret. 3sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’. ðā: adv., then. on: prep., w.dat., among. searwum: dat.pl. of searo, neut., war-gear, but here weapons, arms. 1557b. siġe-eadiġ: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘victory-blest’, victorious. bil: neut. acc.sg., sword. 1558a. eald-sweord: neut. acc.sg., ‘old sword’. eotenisċ: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘giant-made’ [-ish]. 1558b. eċġum: dat.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’ of a weapon. þȳhtig: adj., neut. acc.sg., strong, firm. 1559a. wigena: gen.pl. of wiga, wk. masc., warrior. weorð-mynd: fem.? acc.sg., ‘worth-memory’, honour, glory; wigena weorð-mynd, i.e. ‘sword’. 1559b. þæt: ‘that’, it: nom.sg. [wæs]: ‘was’: no gap in MS; supplied by Kemble. wǣpna: gen.pl. of wǣ pen, neut., ‘weapon’. cyst: fem. nom.sg., choice, the best. 1560a. būton: conj., although. hit: ‘it’: neut. nom.sg. māre: neut. nom.sg. of māra, greater, ‘more’; compar. of miċel, adj., ‘much’. 1560b. ðonne: conj., than. ǣniġ: ‘any’: masc. nom.sg. mon: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. ōðer: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘other’. 1561a. beadu-lāce: dat.sg. of beadu-lāc, neut., ‘battle-sport’, battle. 1561b. æt-beran: st.4, to carry, bear (to). meahte: pret. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can. 1562a. gōd: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘good’, excellent. ġeatolīċ: adj., neut. nom.sg., splendid. 1562b. ġiganta: gen.pl. of ġigant, masc., ‘giant’. ġeweorc: neut. nom.sg., ‘work’. 1563a. ġefēng: pret. 3sg. of ġefōn, st.7, to take, seize. þā: the, that: fem, acc. sg. fetel-hilt: fem. acc.sg., ‘ring(-furnished)-hilt’. 1563b. freca: wk. masc. nom.sg., bold one, warrior. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas; freca Sċyldinga, i.e. Beowulf, though he is freca Ġēata. 1564a. hrēoh: adj., masc. nom.sg., rough, belligerent. heoro-grim: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘swordgrim’, fierce. 1564b. hring-mǣl: adj., acc.sg., ‘ring-patterned’ (sword). ġebræġd: pret. 3sg. of ġebreġdan, st.3, to draw. 1565a. alders: gen.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. or-wēna: wk. adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘deprived of hope’, despairing of [ween]; w.gen. 1565b. yrringa: adv., angrily. slōh: pret. 3sg. of slēan, st.6, to strike [slay]. 1566a. þæt: conj., so that. hire: ‘her’: poss. dat. of hēo, she. wið: prep., w.dat., against. halse: dat.sg. of heals, masc., neck. 1566b. heard: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘hard’ (thing), i.e. sword. grāpode: pret. 3sg. of grāpian, wk.2, to grip. 1567a. bān-hringas: acc.pl. of bān-hring, masc., ‘bone-ring’, vertebra. bræc: pret. 3sg. of brecan, st.4, to ‘break’ apart. 1567b. bil: neut. nom.sg., sword; also in 1557b. eal: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘all’; semi-adverbial. ðurhwōd: pret. 3sg. of þurh-wadan, st.6, to ‘go through’, penetrate. 1568a. fǣġne: masc. acc.sg. of fǣ ġe, adj., fated. flǣsċ-homan: acc. sg. of flǣ sċ-homa, wk. masc., ‘flesh-home’, body. 1568b. hēo: she: nom.sg. on: prep., w.acc., onto. flet: neut. acc. sg., floor. ġecrong: pret. 3sg. of ġecringan, st.3, to fall.

133

sweord wæs swātiġ, seċġ weorce ġefeh. 1570

1575

1580

Līxte se lēoma, lēoht inne stōd,

剣は血に染まり、 武士は働きを喜んだ。 1570

一条の光りが差して 内部が明るくなった、

efne swā of hefene hādre sċīneð

あたかも天から 明るく照るように、

rodores candel. Hē æfter reċede wlāt;

空の蝋燭〔太陽〕が。 彼は広間を眺め回した；

hwearf þā be wealle, wǣpen hafenade

それから壁の方に向くと 武器を振り上げた

heard be hiltum Hiġelāces ðeġn

しっかと柄を握って ヒュエラークの家来は、

yrre ond ān-rǣd. Næs sēo eċġ fracod

1575

激怒して決然と。 その刃は役立たずでなかった

hilde-rince, ac hē hraþe wolde

武士にとっては、 彼は願った、すぐに

Grendle forġyldan gūð-rǣsa fela

グレンデルに仇を討つことを、 幾多の奇襲の

ðāra þe hē ġeworhte tō West-Denum

彼 (G) が行なった、 「西」デネに対し、

oftor miċle ðonne on ǣnne sīð;

ずっと多く 一回よりも〔再三〕

þonne hē Hrōðgāres heorð-ġenēatas

1580

slōh on sweofote, slǣpende frǣt

彼がフロースガールの 炉端の友〔重臣〕らを 睡眠中に殺害し、 眠っている間に食ったのだ、

1569a. sweord: neut. nom.sg., ‘sword’. swātiġ: adj., neut. nom.sg., bloody [sweaty]. 1569b. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., warrior. weorce: dat.sg. of weorc, neut., deed, ‘work’. ġefēh: pret. 3sg. of ġefēon, st.5, to rejoice; w.dat. 1570a. Līxte: pret. 3sg. of līxan, wk.1, to shine; see Com. se: the; masc. nom.sg. lēoma: wk. masc. nom.sg., light. 1570b. lēoht: neut. nom.sg., ‘light’. inne: adv., within, inside. stōd: pret. 3sg. of standan, st.6, to shine forth. 1571a. efne swā: conj., just as (if). of: prep., w.dat., from, out of. hefene: dat.sg. of heofon, masc., ‘heaven’. 1571b. hādre: adv., clearly, brightly. sċīneð: pres. 3sg. of sċīnan, st.1, to ‘shine’. 1572a. rodores: gen.sg. of rodor, masc., sky, heaven. candel: fem., nom.sg., candle; rodores candel is a famous kenning for the sun. 1572b. æfter: prep., w.dat., through. reċede: dat.sg. of reċed, masc. / neut., hall. wlāt: pret. 3sg. of wlītan, st.1, to watch, gaze. 1573a. hwearf: pret. 3sg. of hweorfan, st.3, to turn, go. þā: adv., then. be: prep., w.dat., to. wealle: dat.sg. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’. 1573b. wǣpen: neut. acc.sg., ‘weapon’. hafenade: pret. 3sg. of hafenian, wk.2, to raise, lift up. 1574a. heard: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘hard’; adverbial, though agreeing with wǣ pen. be: prep., w.dat., ‘by’. hiltum: dat.pl. of hilt, neut. and fem., ‘hilt’; with sg. meaning in pl. Hiġelāces: gen. of Hiġelāc. ðeġn: masc. nom.sg., ‘thane’. 1575a. yrre: adj., masc. nom.sg., angry. ān-rǣd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘one-minded’, resolute. 1575b. Næs: was not: pret. 3sg. neg. of wesan, st.5. sēo: the, that: fem. nom.sg. eċġ: fem. nom.sg., ‘edge’, sword. fracod: adj., fem. nom.sg., useless. 1576a. hilde-rince: dat.sg. of hilde-rinc, masc., ‘war-man’. 1576b. ac: conj., (not...) but. hraþe: adv., quickly. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to want. 1577a. Grendle: dat.of Grendel. for-ġyldan: st.3, to repay, requite. 1577b. gūð-rǣsa: gen.pl. of gūð-rǣ s, masc., ‘war-storm’, attack. fela: neut. acc.sg. (indeclinable), many [G. viel]; w.gen.pl. 1578a. ðāra þe: rel. pron., of which: ðāra: gen.pl.; agreeing with gūð-rǣ sa. ġeworhte: pret. 3sg. of ġewyrċan, wk.1, to make, perform. 1578b. West-Denum: dat. of West-Dene. 1579a. oftor: compar. of oft, adv., ‘often’. miċle: neut. instr.sg. of miċel, adj., ‘much’; here adverbial, much, far. 1579b. ðonne: conj., than. on: prep., w.acc., at. ǣnne: masc. acc.sg. of ān, ‘one’. sīð: masc. acc.sg., time, occasion. 1580a. þonne: adv., at such times. Hrōðgāres: gen. of Hrōðgār. 1580b. heorð-ġenēatas: acc.pl. of heorð-ġenēat, masc., ‘hearth-companion’, retainer. 1581a. slōh: pret. 3sg. of slēan, st.6, to ‘slay’, kill. on: prep., w.dat., in. sweofote: dat.sg. of sweofot, masc. / neut., sleep, slumber. 1581b. slǣpende:, masc. acc.pl., pres. part. of slǣ pan, st.7, to ‘sleep’. frǣt: pret. 3sg. of frētan, st.5, to devour.

134

1585

1590 165r

folces Deniġea fȳf-tȳne men,

デネの国民の 15 人を、

ond ōðer swylċ ūt offerede,

それにもう同じ数だけ 連れ去った

lāðlicu lāc. Hē him þæs lēan forġeald,

忌まわしい戦利品を。 彼 (G) にその借りを返した、

rēþe cempa, tō ðæs þe hē on ræste ġeseah

1585

立腹した武士 (B) は、 彼が寝床に見つけたので、

gūð-wēriġne Grendel liċġan,

戦に疲れた グレンデルが横たわっているのを、

aldor-lēasne, swā him ǣr ġesċōd

命を失って、 彼に傷を負わせていたので 

hild æt Heorote. Hrā wīde sprong,

ヘオロトでの闘いが。 体は大きく裂けた、

syþðan hē æfter dēaðe drepe þrōwade,

彼が死後 一撃を受けたとき、

heoro-swenġ heardne, ond hine þā hēafde beċearf.

1590

Sōna þæt ġesāwon snottre |ċeorlas,

激しい一刀を、 それから彼の首をはねた。  直ちに気づいた、 賢明なる貴人らは、

þā ðe mid Hrōðgāre on holm wliton,

フロースガールと共に 水面を見ていた人々は、

þæt wæs ȳð-ġeblond eal ġemenġed,

沸き立つ水が すっかり濁ったことに、

brim blōde fāh. Blonden-feaxe,

水が血に染まったことに。 白髪まじりの人々は、

1582a. folces: gen.sg. of folc, neut., ‘folk’. Deniġea: gen. of Dene. 1582b. fȳf-tȳne: acc., ‘fifteen’. men: acc.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 1583a. ōðer: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘other’, another. swylċ: pron., neut. acc.sg., such; ōðer swylċ, ‘another such number’. 1583b. ūt: adv., ‘out’. offerede: pret. 3sg. of of-ferian, wk.1, to ‘carry off’. 1584a. lāðlicu: neut. acc.pl. of lāðlīċ, adj., ‘loathly’, hideous. lāc: neut. acc.pl., booty; see Com. 1584b. þæs: ‘of that’: neut. gen.sg. of þæ t ‘that’; see Com. lēan: neut. acc.sg., reward, requital [G. Lohn]. forġeald: pret. 3sg. of for-ġyldan, st.3, to repay, requite. 1585a. rēþe: adj., masc. nom.sg., raging, furious. cempa: wk. masc. nom.sg., warrior. 1585b. tō ðæs þe: because. ræste: dat.sg. of ræ st, fem., resting-place, bed. ġeseah: pret. 3sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’; w.acc. & inf. 1586a. gūð-wēriġne: masc. acc.sg. of gūð-wēriġ, adj., ‘battle-weary’. 1586b. Grendel: acc. liċġan: st.5, inf., to ‘lie’ dead. 1587a. aldor-lēasne: masc. acc.sg. of (e)aldor-lēas, adj., ‘life-less’. 1587b. swā: conj., as; means ‘reason’. ǣr: adv., before. ġesċōd: pret. 3sg. of ġesċeþðan, st.6, to injure, harm; w.dat. 1588a. hild: fem. nom.sg., war, battle. Heorote: dat. 1588b. Hrā: neut. nom.sg., body. wīde: adv., ‘widely’. sprong: pret. 3sg. of springan, st.3, to burst forth, spread. 1589a. syþðan: conj., when. dēaðe: dat.sg. of dēað, masc., ‘death’. 1589b. drepe: masc. acc.sg., blow, stroke. þrōwade: pret. 3sg. of þrōwian, wk.2, to suffer. 1590a. heoro-swenġ: masc. acc.sg., ‘sword-swing (= stroke)’. heardne: masc. acc.sg. of heard, adj., ‘hard’, severe. 1590b. hine: ‘him’: acc.sg. þā: adv., then. hēafde: dat.sg. of hēafod, neut., head. beċearf: pret. 3sg. of be-ċeorfan, st.3, to cut off [carve]; w. acc. of person & dat. of thing. 1591a. Sōna: adv., at once [soon]. þæt (...þæt): it (...that). ġesāwon: pret. 3pl. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’, witness. 1591b. snottre: masc. nom.pl. of snotor, adj., wise. ċeorlas: nom.pl. of ċeorl, masc., man [churl]. 1592a. þā ðe: rel. pron., those who; þā: nom.pl.; agrees with ċeorlas. mid: prep., w.dat., with. Hrōðgāre: dat. 1592b. on: prep., w.acc., ‘on’, at. holm: masc. acc.sg., sea, water. wliton: pret. 3pl. of wlītan, st.1, to watch, gaze. 1593a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ȳð-ġeblond: neut. nom.sg., tossing waves, surging water. 1593b. eal: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘all’. ġemenġed: neut. nom.sg., pp. of menġan, wk.1, to mingle, stir. 1594a. brim: neut. nom.sg., water, sea. blōde: dat.sg. of blōd, neut., ‘blood’. fāh: adj., neut. nom.sg., stained. 1594b. Blonden-feaxe: masc. nom.pl. of blonden-feax, adj., ‘grey-haired’ (one).

135

1595

1600

1605

gomele ymb gōdne onġeador sprǣcon,

1595

優れた方 (H) に侍る老臣たちは 語り合った、

þæt hiġ þæs æðelinges eft ne wēndon,

あの貴公子 (B) に 二度と会えまいと、

þæt hē siġe-hrēðiġ sēċean cōme

彼が勝ち誇って 訪れてくることは、

mǣrne þēoden; þā ðæs moniġe ġewearð,

名高き主君を； その時は多くの者に思えたのだ、

þæt hine sēo brim-wylf ābr[o]ten hæfde.

彼を海に棲む雌狼が 倒したように。

Ðā cōm nōn dæġes. Næs ofġēafon

1600

やがて第 9 時になった。 岬を見捨てた、

hwate Sċyldingas; ġewāt him hām þonon

勇敢なシュルディングガスは； そこから帰館した

gold-wine gumena; ġistas sē[t]an

男たちの黄金の友 (H) は； 客たちは座して待った

mōdes sēoce ond on mere staredon;

気に病んで、 そして海面を見守った；

wīston ond ne wēndon, þæt hīe heora wine-drihten

望んだが期待はしなかった、 彼らが彼らの親しき主君

selfne ġesāwon. Þā þæt sweord ongan

1605

æfter heaþo-swāte hilde-ġiċelum,

自身に会えるのを。 やがてその剣は 戦の血のため （戦の）氷柱のようになって、

1595a. gomele: masc. nom.pl. of gamol, gomol, adj., old, aged. ymb: prep., w.acc., around, near. gōdne: masc. acc. sg. of gōd, adj., ‘good’ (one). 1595b. onġeador: adv., together. sprǣcon: pret. 3pl. of sprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’, say. 1596a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hiġ: they: nom.pl.; see Com. þæs: that, the: masc. gen.sg. of se. æðelinges: gen.sg. of

æ þeling, masc. prince, hero; the object of wēndon. 1596b. eft: adv., once more. wēndon: pret. 3pl. of wēnan, wk.1, to expect; w.gen. & þæ t-clause. 1597a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. siġe-hrēðiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘victory-triumphant’. 1597b. sēċean: wk.1, inf., to visit [seek]. cōme: pret. subj. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’; w. inf. 1598a. mǣrne: masc. acc.sg. of mǣ re, adj., great, famous. þēoden: masc. acc.sg., lord, prince. 1598b. þā: adv., at that time. ðæs: about that, neut. gen.sg. of þæ t; correl. with þæ t in 1599a. moniġe: masc. acc.pl. of moniġ, adj., ‘many’ (people). ġewearð: pret. 3sg. of ġeweorðan, st.3, to agree in thinking (Klaeber’s Gloss); impers., w.acc. of person & gen. of thing. 1599a. hine: ‘him’: acc. sēo: that, the; fem. nom.sg. brim-wylf: fem. nom.sg., ‘sea-she-wolf’; refers to Grendel’s mother. 1599b. ābr[o]ten: pp. of ā-brēotan, st.2, to kill, destroy; MS abreoten; emended by Kemble. hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. 1600a. Ðā: adv., then. cōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. nōn: neut. nom.sg., ninth hour (= 3 p.m.) [noon]. dæġes: gen.sg. of dæ ġ, masc., ‘day’. 1600b. Næs: masc. acc.sg., ‘ness’, headland. ofġēafon: pret. 3pl. of of-ġyfan, st.5, to ‘give up’, leave. 1601a. hwate: masc. nom.pl. of hwæ t, adj., brave. Sċyldingas: nom.pl. 1601b. ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart. him: ‘him’: refl. dat. hām: masc. acc.sg., ‘home’. þonon: adv., ‘thence’. 1602a. gold-wine: masc. nom.sg., ‘gold-friend’; refers to Hrothgar. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. 1602b. ġistas: nom.pl. of ġist, masc., ‘guest’. sē[t]an: = sǣ ton: pret. 3pl. of sittan, st.5, to ‘sit’; MS secan; emended by Grein. 1603a. mōdes: gen.sg. of mōd, neut., mind; gen. of respect. sēoce: masc. nom.pl. of sēoc, adj., ‘sick’. 1603b. on: prep., w.acc., on to. mere: masc. acc.sg., lake, sea [mere]. staredon: pret. 3pl. of starian, wk.2, to ‘stare’. 1604a. wīston: pret. 3pl. of wīsċan, wk.1, to ‘wish’. ne: adv., not. wēndon: pret. 3pl. of wēnan, wk.1, to expect; see Klaeber’s Note on this half line. 1604b. þæt: conj. hīe: they; nom.pl. heora: their; gen.pl. wine-drihten: masc. acc.sg., ‘friend-lord’. 1605a. selfne: masc. acc.sg. of self, sylf, ‘self ’; appositive to wine-drihten. ġesāwon: pret. subj. 3pl. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’. 1605b. Þā: adv., then. þæt: ‘that’, the: neut. nom.sg. sweord: neut. nom.sg., ‘sword’. ongan: pret. 3sg. of on-ġinnan, st.3, to ‘begin’; w. inf. 1606a. heaþo-swāte: dat.sg. of heaþo-swāt, masc., ‘battle-sweat (= blood)’. 1606b. hilde-ġiċelum: dat.pl. of hildeġiċel, masc., ‘battle-icicle’; refers to the melting metal of a sword; adverbial use, ‘like icicles’.

136

1610

wīġ-bil wanian. Þæt wæs wundra sum,

戦の刃は溶け始めた。 それは奇蹟の一つだった、

þæt hit eal ġemealt īse ġelīcost,

それが全部溶けてしまうのは、 まるで氷のように、

ðonne forstes bend Fæder onlǣteð,

霜の絆を 父なる神が緩め、

onwindeð wǣl-rāpas, sē ġeweald hafað

1610

水の縛め〔氷〕を解く時のように、 神は統べ給うので、

sǣla ond mǣla; þæt is sōð Metod.

季節と時間とを； それは真の支配者である。

Ne nōm hē in þǣm wīcum, Weder-Ġēata lēod,

彼 (B) はその棲家では取らなかった、 「嵐の」イェー アタスの王子は、

māðm-ǣhta mā, þēh hē þǣr moniġe ġeseah,

それ以上の財宝を、 そこで多数見たけれども、

būton þone hafelan ond þā hilt somod

首級と それに柄以外は

1615

since fāge; sweord ǣr ġemealt,

165v

forbarn brōden-mǣl; wæs þæt blōd |tō þæs hāt,

錵の浮いた刀は燃え尽きた； 血はそれほど熱かったのだ、

ættren ellor-gǣst sē þǣr inne swealt.

異界の魔物はそれほど毒があったのだ、 そこで息絶えた者は。

Sōna wæs on sunde sē þe ǣr æt sæċċe ġebād

すぐに泳いでいた、 闘いで経験した者 (B) は

1615

宝石で飾られた； 剣はすっかり溶けていた、

1607a. wīġ-bil: neut. nom.sg., ‘battle-blade’. wanian: wk.2, inf., to ‘wane’, waste away. 1607b. Þæt (...þæt): it (...that). wundra: gen.pl. of wundor, neut., ‘wonder’, wonderful thing. sum: neut. nom.sg., ‘some’, one; w.gen.pl. 1608a. hit: ‘it’: neut. nom.sg.; refers to wīg-bil in 1607a. eal: ‘all’: neut. nom.sg. ġemealt: pret. 3sg. of ġemeltan, st.3, to ‘melt’. 1608b. īse: dat.sg. of īs, neut., ‘ice’. ġelīcost: supl. of ġelīċ, adj., alike; w.dat. 1609a. ðonne: conj., when. forstes: gen.sg. of forst, masc., ‘frost’. bend: fem. / acc.sg., ‘bond’, fetters. 1609b. Fæder: masc. nom.sg., father. onlǣteð: pres. 3sg. of on-lǣ tan, st.7, to loosen. 1610a. onwindeð: pres. 3sg. of on-windan, st.3, to ‘unwind’. wǣl-rāpas: acc.pl. of wǣ l-rāp, masc., ‘water-rope’. 1610b. sē: rel. pron., who: masc. nom.sg.; with Fæ der as its antedent. ġeweald: neut. acc.sg., power. hafað: pres. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’. 1611a. sǣla: gen.pl. of sǣ l, masc., season. mǣla: gen.pl. of mǣ l, neut., time [meal]; cf. 1008 sǣ l ond mǣ l. 1611b. þæt: that, it: neut. nom.sg. sōð: adj., masc. nom.sg., true [sooth]. Metod: masc. nom.sg., ‘Measurer’, God. 1612a. Ne: adv., not. nōm: pret. 3sg. of niman, st.4, to take, seize. þǣm: the, that; neut. dat.pl. wīċum: dat.pl. of wīċ, neut., dwelling-place [-wich]. 1612b. Weder-Ġēata: gen. of Weder-Ġēatas, ‘Weather (= storm)-Geatas’.

lēod: masc. nom.sg., prince. 1613a.

māðm-ǣhta: gen.pl. of māðm-ǣ ht, fem, ‘treasure-property’. mā: neut. acc.sg., more, compar. of miċel, ‘much’. 1613b. þēh: conj., usu. with subj., ‘though’. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. moniġe: fem. acc,pl. of moniġ, adj., ‘many’. ġeseah: pret. 3sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’. 1614a. būton: prep. w.acc., except [but]. þone: the, that: masc. acc.sg. of se. hafelan: acc.sg. of hafela, wk. masc., head. 1614b. þā: the, that: fem. acc.sg. of sēo. hilt: neut. / fem. acc.sg., ‘hilt’. somod: adv., together. 1615a. since: dat.sg. of sinc, neut., treasure, jewels. fāge: fem. acc.sg. of fāg, fāh, adj., decorated. 1615b. sweord: neut. nom.sg., ‘sword’. ǣr: adv., beforehand. ġemealt: see 1608a. 1616a. forbarn: pret. 3sg. of for-byrnan, st.3, to burn up. brōden-mǣl: neut. nom.sg., ‘patterned sword’. 1616b. þæt: that, the: neut. nom.sg. blōd: neut. nom.sg., ‘blood’. tō þæs: so; þæ s, neut. gen.sg. of þæ t. hāt: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘hot’. 1617a. ættren: adj., masc. nom.sg., poisonous; M & R (p. 101) take this as atrributive, but it is descriptive. ellorgǣst: masc. nom.sg., ‘alien ghost’. 1617b. sē: rel. pron., who. þǣr inne: adv., ‘therein’. swealt: pret. 3sg. of sweltan, st.3, to die. 1618a. Sōna: adv., immediately [soon]; see Com. on sunde: ‘a-swimming’. sunde: dat.sg. of sund, neut., swimming. 1618b. sē þe: ‘he who’. ǣr: adv., before. sæċċe: dat.sg. of sæ ċ(ċ), fem., fight. ġebād: pret. 3sg. of ġebīdan, st.1, to experience; forms pluperfect with ǣ r.

137

wīġ-hryre wrāðra, wæter up þurhdēaf, 1620

1625

1630

wǣron ȳð-ġebland eal ġefǣlsod,

敵どもの敗戦を、 水中を泳ぎ昇った； 1620

沸き立つ水は すっかり清められていた、

ēacne eardas, þā se ellor-gāst

広大な水域は、 異界の魔物が

oflēt līf-dagas ond þās lǣnan ġesċeaft.

放棄したとき、命の日々と はかないこの世を。

Cōm þā tō lande lid-manna helm

 やがて陸地に着いた、 船乗りたちの保護者は、

swīð-mōd swymman; sǣ-lāce ġefeah,

気丈な人は泳いで、 海底の戦利品に歓喜した、

mæġen-byrþenne, þāra þe hē him mid hæfde.

1625

重い荷物に、 彼が携えて来た物に。

Ēodon him þā tōġēanes, Gode þancodon,

すると彼を出迎えに行って、 神に感謝した、

ðrȳðlīċ þeġna hēap, þēodnes ġefēgon,

力強い家来の一団は 武将に歓喜した、

þæs þe hī hyne ġesundne ġesēon mōston.

彼らが彼が無事なのを 見ることが出来たので。

Ðā wæs of þǣm hrōran helm ond byrne

それからこの元気な人から 兜と鎧が

lungre ālȳsed. Lagu drūsade,

1630

すばやく脱がされた。 海は静まった、

1619a. wīġ-hryre: masc. acc.sg., ‘fight-fall’. wrāðra: gen.pl. of wrāð, adj., hostile (one) [wroth]. 1619b. wæter: neut. acc.sg., ‘water’. up: adv., ‘up’, upwards. þurhdēaf: pret. 3sg. of þurh-dufan, st.2, to dive. 1620a. wǣron: ‘were’: 3pl. of wesan, st.5, to be. ȳð-ġebland: nom.pl. of ȳð-ġeblond, neut., ‘wave-surging’, tossing water. 1620b. eal: all, neut. nom.pl. ġefǣlsod: pp. of fǣ lsian, wk.2, to cleanse. 1621a. ēacne: masc. nom.pl. of ēacen, adj., great. eardas: nom.pl. of eard, masc., region, expanse; with sg. meaning in pl. 1621b. þā: conj., when, since. se: the, that. ellor-gāst: masc. nom.sg., ‘alien ghost’; cf. 1617a. 1622a. oflēt: pret. 3sg. of of-lǣ tan, st.7, to ‘let go’, give up. līfdagas: acc.pl. of līf-dæ ġ, masc., ‘life-day’. 1622b. þās: ‘those’: fem. acc.sg. of þēos, this. lǣnan: wk. fem. acc.sg. of lǣ ne, adj., transitory, ‘loaned’. ġesċeaft: fem. acc.sg., creation, i.e. the world; from sċyppan to create. 1623a. Cōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’; w. inf. þā: adv., then. lande: dat.sg. of land, neut., ‘land’. 1623b. lidmanna: gen.pl. of lid-man, masc., seafarer. helm: masc. nom.sg., protector, lord. 1624a. swīð-mōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘strong-minded’. swymman: st.3, inf., to ‘swim’. 1624b. sǣ-lāce: dat.sg. of sǣ -lāc, neut., ‘sea-boot’. ġefeah: pret. 3sg. of ġefēon, st.5, to rejoice; w.dat. (or gen.). 1625a. mæġen-byrþenne: dat.sg. of mæ ġen-byrþen, fem., ‘mighty burden’. 1625b. þāra þe: rel., of those which: þāra: gen.pl.; the object of ġefeah. him: ‘him’: dat. mid: prep., w.dat., with; postpositioned. hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’. 1626a. Ēodon: pret. 3pl. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. him: ‘him’: dat. þā: adv., then. tōġēanes: prep., w.dat., towards; postpositioned. 1626b. Gode: dat. þancodon: pret. 3pl. of þancian, wk.2, to ‘thank’. 1627a. ðrȳðlīċ: adj., masc. nom.sg., powerful, robust; modifies hēap. þeġna: gen.pl. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’. hēap: masc. nom.sg., troop, band. 1627b. þēodnes: gen.sg. of þēoden, masc., prince, leader. ġefēgon: pret. 3pl. of ġefēon, st.5, to rejoice; 1624b. 1628a. þæs þe: conj., because. hī: ‘they’. hyne: ‘him’: acc. ġesundne: masc. acc.sg. of ġesund, adj., safe and ‘sound’. 1628b. ġesēon: st.5, to ‘see’. mōston: pret. 3pl. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, can. 1629a. Ðā: adv., then. of: prep., w.dat., from. þǣm: that, the: masc. dat.sg. of se. hrōran: wk. masc. dat.sg. of hrōr, adj., vigorous, strong. 1629b. helm: masc. nom.sg., ‘helmet’. byrne: wk. fem. nom.sg., coat of mail [byrnie]. 1630a. lungre: adv., quickly. ālȳsed: pp. of ā-lȳsan, wk.1, to remove, take off. 1630b. Lagu: masc. nom.sg., sea, water. drūsade: pret. 3sg. of drūsian, wk.2, to become sluggish, stagnate.

138

1635

wæter under wolcnum, wæl-drēore fāg.

雲の下の水は、 殺戮の血に染まった。

Fērdon forð þonon fēþe-lāstum

そこから進んで行った 踏まれた道を

ferhþum fæġne, fold-weġ mǣton,

心嬉しく、 土の道を辿った、

cūþe strǣte; cyning-balde men

馴染みの道路を、 王侯の如く大胆な男たちは

from þǣm holm-clife hafelan bǣron

1635

あの海の絶壁から 首級を運んだ、

earfoðlīċe heora ǣġhwæþrum

やっとこさ 二人一組の各々で、

fela-mōdiġra; fēower sċoldon

彼らのすごい勇者たちの。 四人して

on þǣm wæl-stenġe weorcum ġeferian

槍の柄に乗せ 苦労して運ばねばならなかった

1639

tō þǣm gold-sele Grendles hēafod,―

あの黄金の館まで、 グレンデルの首級を。

166r

oþ ðæt |semninga tō sele cōmon

1640

ついにほどなく 館に着いた、

frome fyrd-hwate fēower-tȳne

大胆にして戦を好む 14 人の

Ġēata gongan; gum-dryhten mid

イェーアタス人は歩いて； 男たちの大将も

mōdiġ on ġemonge meodo-wongas træd.

誇らしく一隊と共に 酒宴の館に近い原を歩いた。

Ðā cōm in gā[a]n ealdor ðeġna,

それから徒歩で入場した、 武士たちの頭は、

1631a. wæter: neut. nom.sg., ‘water’. wolcnum: dat.pl. of wolcen, neut., cloud, (in pl.) clouds, sky [welkin; G. Wolke]. 1631b. wæl-drēore: instr.-dat.sg. of wæ l-drēor, masc., ‘slaughter-gore’. fāg: adj., neut. / masc. nom.sg., stained. 1632a. Fērdon: pret. 3pl. of fēran, wk.1., to ‘fare’, go. forð: adv., ‘forth’, forward. þonon: adv., ‘thence’. 1632b. fēþe-lāstum: dat.pl. fēþe-lāst, masc. ‘foot-path’, track. 1633a. ferhþum: dat.pl. of ferhð, masc. / neut., mind, spirit. fæġne: masc. nom.pl. of fæ ġen, adj., glad [fain]. 1633b. fold-weġ: masc. acc.sg., ‘ground-way’. mǣton: pret. 3pl. of metan, st.5, to ‘measure’, cross. 1634a. cūþe: fem. acc.sg. of cūð, adj., well known. strǣte: acc. sg. of strǣ t, fem., ‘street’. 1634b. cyning-balde: masc. nom.pl. of cyning-bald, adj., ‘king-bold’. men: nom.pl. of mon(n), man(n), masc., ‘man’. 1635a. þǣm: the, that: neut. dat.sg. holm-clife: dat.sg. of holm-clif, neut., ‘seacliff’. 1635b. hafelan: acc.sg. of hafela, wk. masc., head. bǣron: pret. 3pl. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 1636a. earfoðlīċe: adv., with difficulty. 1636b. heora: their: gen.pl. ǣġhwæþrum: masc. dat.sg. of ǣ ġ-hwæ ðer, pron., either, each (of two), both. 1637a. fela-mōdiġra: masc. gen.pl. of fela-mōdiġ, adj., ‘very brave’. 1637b. fēower: ‘four’. sċoldon: ‘should, had to’: pret. 3pl. of sċulan, pret.-pres., ‘shall’. 1638a. þǣm: that, the: masc. dat.sg. wælstenġe: dat.sg. of wæ l-stenġ, masc., ‘war-shaft’, spear. 1638b. weorcum: dat.pl. of weorc, neut., difficulty. ġeferian: wk.1, inf., to carry. 1639a. gold-sele: masc., dat.sg., ‘gold-hall’. 1639b. Grendles: gen. hēafod: neut. acc.sg., ‘head’. 1640a. oþ ðæt: conj., until. semninga: adv., presently, before long. 1640b. sele: masc. dat.sg., hall. cōmon: pret. 3pl. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’, arrive; w. inf. 1641a. frome: masc. nom.pl. of from, adj., bold, brave. fyrd-hwate: masc. nom.pl. of fyrd-hwæ t, adj., ‘war-ready’. 1641b. fēower-tyne: ‘fourteen’: nom.pl.; w.gen.pl. 1642a. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas, masc. pl. gongan: st.7, inf., to go. 1642b. gum-dryhten: masc. nom.sg., ‘men-lord’. mid: adv., together, with them. 1643a. mōdiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., proud. on: prep., w.dat., in, among. ġemonge: dat.sg. of ġemong, neut., ‘mingling’, troop. 1643b. meodo-wongas: acc.pl. of meodo-wong, masc., ‘mead(-hall)plain’. træd: pret. 3sg. of tredan, st.5, to ‘tread’, traverse. 1644a. Ðā: adv., then. cōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. gā[a]n: anom., inf., to ‘go’; MS gan; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 1644b. ealdor: masc, nom.sg., chief, prince. ðeġna: gen.pl. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’.

139

1645

1650

dǣd-cēne mon dōme ġewurþad,

1645

業に優れた人は 誉れに歓喜して、

hæle hilde-dēor, Hrōðgār grētan.

戦に猛き勇士は、 フロースガールに挨拶すべく。

Þā wæs be feaxe on flet boren

それから髪を掴んで 広間に運び込まれた

Grendles hēafod, þǣr guman druncon,

グレンデルの首級が、  そこでは男たちが酒を飲んでいた、

eġeslīċ for eorlum ond þǣre idese mid,

貴人らの前に恐ろしき物が、 かの女性 (W) の前にも、

wlite-sēon wrǣtlīċ; weras on sāwon.

1650

不思議な見ものが； 人々はそれを眺めた。

1645a. dǣd-cēne: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘deed-keen’, bold. mon: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. 1645b. dōme: dat.sg. of dōm, masc., glory. ġewurþad: pp. of weorðian, wk.2, to make worthy, exalt. 1646a. hæle: masc. nom.sg., man, hero. hilde-dēor: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-brave’. 1646b. Hrōðgār: acc.sg. grētan: wk.1, inf., to ‘greet’. 1647a. Þā: adv., then. be: prep., w.dat., ‘by’. feaxe: dat.sg. of feax, neut., hair. 1647b. on: prep., w.acc., onto, to. flet: neut. acc.sg., floor of a hall. boren: pp. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 1648a. Grendles: gen. hēafod: neut. nom.sg., ‘head’; with same phrase in 1639b. 1648b. þǣr: rel. adv., where. guman: nom.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. druncon: pret. 3pl. of drincan, st.3, to ‘drink’. 1649a. eġeslīċ: adj., neut. nom.sg., terrible, dreadful. for: prep., w.dat., before, in front of. eorlum: dat.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman [earl]. 1649b. þǣre: that, the: fem. dat.sg. of sēo. idese: dat.sg. of ides, fem., woman; refers to Wealhtheow. mid: see 1642b. 1650a. wlite-sēon: fem. nom. sg., spectacle. wrǣtlīċ: adj., fem. nom.sg., wondrous. 1650b. weras: nom.pl. of wer, masc., man. on: adv., ‘on’. sāwon: pret. pl. of sēon, st.5, to ‘see’, look.

140

・XXIIII・

XXIIII

BĒOwulf maþelode, bearn Eċġþēowes:

 ベーオウルフは語った、 エッジセーオウの息子は：

“Hwæt, wē þē þās sǣ-lāc, sunu Healfdenes,

1655

1660

166v

『見よ、これら海の戦利品を、  ヘアルフデネのご子息よ、

lēod Sċyldinga, lustum brōhton

シュルディンガスの王よ、 喜んで持参しました、

tīres tō tācne, þē þū hēr tō lōcast.

誉れの印として、 殿がここでご覧の物を。

Iċ þæt unsōfte ealdre ġedīġde,

1655

私はようやく 命からがら生き残りました、

wiġġe under wætere, weorc ġenēþde

水底の闘いに、 仕事に従事しました

earfoðlīċe; ætrihte wæs

骨折って； すぐに

gūð ġetwǣfed, nymðe meċ God sċylde.

闘いは終わったでしょう、  もし神のお守りがなかったら。

Ne meahte iċ æt hilde mid Hruntinge

私は戦では フルンティングでもっては

wiht ġewyrċan, þēah þæt wǣpen duge;

1660

何もできなかったのです、 その武器は立派ですが；

ac mē ġeūðe ylda Waldend,

だが私に許されました 人々の「支配者」は、

þæt iċ on wāge ġeseah wlitiġ |hangian

気づくのを、壁に 美しい物が掛かっているのに

eald-sweord ēacen ― oftost wīsode

大きな古刀が、 ― 神はしばしば導かれた

winiġea lēasum ― þæt iċ ðӯ wǣpne ġebrǣd.

友なき者を ― お蔭で私は武器を引き抜いたのです。

1651. BĒOwulf maþelode, bearn Eċġþēowes; also 529, 1383, 1473, 1817, 1999, 2425. 1652a. Hwæt: interj., indeed; see 1a, 530a. þē: to ‘thee’: dat. þās: ‘those’: neut. acc.pl. of þes, this. sǣ-lāc: neut. acc.pl., ‘sea-booty’. 1652b. sunu: voc. sg., ‘son’. Healfdenes: gen. of Healfdene. 1653a. lēod: masc. voc.sg., prince. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 1653b. lustum: dat.pl. of lust, masc., pleasure [lust]. brōhton: pret. 1pl. of bringan, wk.1, to ‘bring’. 1654a. tīres: gen.sg. of tīr, masc., ‘glory’. tō: prep., for, as. tācne: dat.sg. of tācen, neut., ‘token’. 1654b. þē: rel. particle, which; refers to þās sǣ -lāc. tō: prep., at; postpositioned. lōcast: pres. 2sg. of lōcian, wk.2, to ‘look’ (at). 1655a. þæt: ‘that’ (encounter with the mother): neut. acc.sg. un-sōfte: adv., ‘un-softly’, with difficulty. 1655b. ealdre: dat.sg. of ealdor, neut., life. ġēdīġde: pret. 1sg. of ġedīġan, wk.1, to pass safely through. 1656a. wiġġe: dat. sg. of wīġ, neut. / masc., battle. wætere: dat.sg. of wæ ter, neut, ‘water’, sea. 1656b. weorc: neut. acc.sg., ‘work’. ġenēþde: pret. 1sg. of ġenēþan, wk.1, to engage in. 1657a. earfoðlīċe: adv., with difficulty. 1657b. æt-rihte: adv., ‘right away. 1658a. gūð: fem. nom.sg., war. ġetwǣfed: pp. of ġetwǣ fan, wk.1, to finish. 1658b. nymðe: conj., unless. meċ: ‘me’: acc. God: masc. nom.sg. sċylde: pret. subj. 3sg. of sċyldan, wk.1, to ‘shield’, protect. 1659a. meahte: ‘might’, could: pret. 1sg. hilde: dat.sg. of hild, fem., battle. 1659b. Hruntinge: dat. of Hrunting. 1660a. wiht: fem. acc.sg., anything [whit]. ġewyrċan: wk.1, to accomplish. 1660b. þēah: conj., ‘though’; usually w. subj. þæt: ‘that’: neut. nom.sg. wǣpen: neut. nom.sg., ‘weapon’. duge: pres. subj. 3sg. of dēah, dēag, pret.-pres., *dugan, st.2, to be good. 1661a. ac: conj., but. me: ‘me’: dat. ġeūðe: pret. 3sg. of ġeunnan, pret.-pres., to allow. 1661b. ylda: gen. of ylde, masc. pl., men. Waldend: masc. nom.sg., ruler, the Lord [wielder]. 1662a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. wāge: dat.sg. of wāg, masc., wall. ġeseah: pret. 1sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’; w.acc. & inf. 1662b. wlitiġ: neut. acc. sg. adj., beautiful; modifies eald-sweord. hangian: wk.2, to ‘hang’. 1663a. eald- sweord: neut. acc.sg., ‘old sword’. ēacen: adj., neut. acc.sg., large [eke]. 1663b. oftost: supl. of oft, adv., often. wīsode: pret. 3sg. of wīsian, wk.2, to guide; w.dat. 1664a. winiġea: gen.pl. of wine, masc., friend. lēasum: masc. dat.sg. of lēas, adj., devoid of, without; w.gen.; noun use. 1664b. þæt: conj. so that (result). ðӯ: for that reason: neut. instr.sg. of þæ t. wǣpne: dat.sg. of wǣ pen; see 1660b. ġebrǣd: pret. 1sg. of ġebreġdan, st.3, to draw.

141

1665

1670

1675

Ofslōh ðā æt þǣre sæċċe, þā mē sǣl āġeald,

1665

それからその闘いで倒したのです、 機を見て、

hūses hyrdas. Þā þæt hilde-bil

家の主人たちを。 するとその錵の浮いた戦刀は

forbarn brogden-mǣl, swā þæt blōd ġesprang,

燃え尽きたのです、 あの血が吹き出すや否や、

hātost heaþo-swāta. Iċ þæt hilt þanan

戦の血の最も熱いものが。 私は柄をそこから、

fēondum ætferede, fyren-dǣda wræc,

敵の所から持ち帰り、 悪行に復讐しました、

dēað-cwealm Deniġea, swā hit ġedēfe wæs.

1670

デネ人らの殺害に、 そうあるべきように。

Iċ hit þē þonne ġehāte, þæt þū on Heorote mōst

私は殿にそれ故お約束します、 ヘオロトで

sorh-lēas swefan mid þīnra seċġa ġedryht,

殿は憂えなく眠れますことを 武士団と共に、

ond þeġna ġehwylċ þīnra lēoda,

また近侍の武士の各人も 殿の国民の、

duguðe ond iogoþe, þæt þū him ondrǣdan ne þearft,

老若武者の各人も、 また恐れる要なきことを

þēoden Sċyldinga, on þā healfe,

1675

aldor-bealu eorlum, swā þū ǣr dydest.”

シュルディンガスの王よ、 あの方面からは、 貴人らの死を、 以前あなたが恐れたようには』

1665a. Ofslōh: pret. 1sg. of of-slēan, st.6, to ‘slay off ’, kill. ðā: adv., then. æt: prep., w.dat., ‘at’. þǣre: the: fem. dat.sg. of sēo. sæċċe: dat.sg. of sæ ċ(ċ), fem., battle, fight. 1665b. þā: conj., when. mē: ‘me’: acc. sǣl: masc. / fem. nom.sg., opportunity. āġeald: pret. 3sg. of ā-ġyldan, st.3, to permit; Klaeber’s Gloss paraphrases ‘when I had an opportunity’. 1666a. hūses: gen.sg. of hūs, neut., ‘house’. hyrdas: acc.pl. of hyrde, masc., guardian [herd]. 1666b. Þā: adv., then. þæt: the, that: neut. nom.sg. hilde-bil: neut. nom.sg., ‘battle-sword’ [bill]. 1667a. forbarn: pret. 3sg. of for-byrnan, st.3, to burn up. brogden-mǣl: neut. nom.sg., ‘woven (= patterned) sword’, damascened sword. 1667b. swā: conj., as (soon as), when. þæt: the, that: neut. nom.sg. blōd: neut. nom.sg, ‘blood’. ġesprang: pret. 3sg. of ġespringan, st.3, to ‘spring’ forth. 1668a. hātost: masc. nom.sg., supl. of hāt, adj., ‘hot’; noun use; w.gen. heaþo-swāta: gen.pl. of heaþo-swāt, masc., ‘battle-sweat’, blood shed in battle. 1668b. þæt: the, that: neut. acc.sg. hilt: neut. / fem. acc.sg. ‘hilt’. þanan: adv., ‘thence’. 1669a. fēondum: dat.pl. of fēond, masc., ‘fiend’, enemy. ætferede: pret. 1sg. of æ t-ferian, wk.1, to carry away. 1669b. fyren-dǣda: acc.pl. of fyren-dǣ d, fem., ‘wicked deed’, crime. wræc: pret. 1sg. of wrecan, st.5, to avenge [wreak]. 1670a. dēað-cwealm: masc. acc.sg., ‘deathkilling’, slaughter. Deniġea: gen of Dene. 1670b. swā: conj., just as. hit: ‘it’: neut. nom; hit is situational ‘it’ or refers to his vengence. ġedēfe: adj., fitting, seemly. 1671a. hit: ‘it’: neut. acc.sg.; preparatory ‘it’ to þæ t. þē: ‘thee’: dat. þonne: adv., then. ġehāte: pres. 1sg. of ġehātan, st.7, to promise, vow. 1671b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. on: prep., in. Heorote: dat. of Heorot. mōst: pres. 2sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, be allowed. 1672a. sorh-lēas: adj., masc. nom. sg., ‘sorrow-less’. swefan: st.5, to sleep. 1672b. mid: prep., w.acc., with. þīnra: masc. gen.pl. of þīn, poss. adj., ‘thy, thine’. seċġa: gen.pl. of seċġ, masc., man, warrior. ġedryht: fem. acc.sg., band. 1673a. þeġna: gen.pl. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’; see Com. ġehwylċ: masc. nom.sg., each, every (one); w. partit. gen. 1673b. þīnra: see 1672b. lēoda: gen. of lēode , masc. pl., people. 1674a. duguðe: gen.sg. of duguð, fem., (collectively) veterans. iogoþe: gen. sg. of ġiogoð, fem., (collectively) young persons. 1674b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. him: them: dat.; refers to eorlum. ondrǣdan: st.7, to ‘dread’. þearft: pres. 2sg. of þurfan, pret.-pres., to need. 1675a. þēoden: masc. voc.sg., lord. Sċyldinga: gen. of Sċyldingas, masc. pl. 1675b. on: prep., w.acc., from. þā: the, that: fem. acc.sg. healfe: acc.sg. of healf, fem., side [half]; see Com. 1676a. aldor-bealu: neut. acc.sg., ‘life-bale’, mortal harm. eorlum: dat.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman; this dat. means ‘for’ or poss. 1676b. swā: conj., just as. ǣr: adv., before. dydest: pret. 2sg. of dōn, anom., to ‘do’; pro-verb of ondrǣ dan.

142

1680

Ðā wæs gylden hilt gamelum rince,

そこで金箔の柄が 老いた武士 (H) の、

hārum hild-fruman on hand ġyfen,

白髪の武将の 手に渡された、

enta ǣr-ġeweorc; hit on ǣht ġehwearf

巨人の作なる古刀が； それは持ち物になった

æfter dēofla hryre Deniġea frē[ġe]an,

1680

悪魔どもの死後 デネ王の、

wundor-smiþa ġeweorc; ond þā þās worold ofġeaf

巧みな鍛冶の作品は； つまりこの世を去った時、

grom-heort guma, Godes andsaca,

憎しみを心に懐いた男、 神の敵 (G) が

morðres sċyldiġ, ond his mōdor ēac,

人殺しの罪を負って、 それに彼の母親も共に、

1684

on ġeweald ġehwearf worold-cyninga

手中に帰した、 この世の王たちの中で 

167r

ðǣm sēlestan be |sǣm twēonum,

1685

ðāra þe on Sċedeniġġe sċeattas dǣlde.

最も優れた人の、 二つの海の間のこの世で、 デネで 宝を分配した方の。

Hrōðgār maðelode, hylt sċēawode,

 フロースガールは答えた、 柄を眺めて、

ealde lāfe, on ðǣm wæs ōr writen

古き伝来の品を。 そこには始まりが彫られていた、

fyrn-ġewinnes, syðþan flōd ofslōh,

昔の争いの、 洪水が亡ぼした時のことが、

1677a. Ða: adv., then. gylden: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘golden’. hilt: neut. nom.sg., ‘hilt’. 1677b. gamelum: masc. dat.sg. of gamol, adj., old, aged. rince: dat.sg. of rinc, masc., warrior.

1678a. hārum: masc. dat.sg. of hār, adj.,

‘hoary’. hild-fruman: dat.sg. of hild-fruma, wk. masc., ‘war-chief’. 1678b. on: prep., w.acc., onto. hand: fem. acc.sg., ‘hand’. ġyfen: pp. of ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’. 1679a. enta: gen.pl. of ent, masc., giant. ǣr-ġeweorc: neut. nom.sg., ‘ancient work’. 1679b. hit: ‘it’, i.e. hilt: neut. nom.sg. on: prep., w.acc., into. ǣht: fem. acc.sg., possession. ġehwearf: pret. 3sg. of ġehweorfan, st.3, to pass. 1680a. æfter: prep., w.dat., ‘after’, on account of. dēofla: gen.pl. of dēofol, neut., ‘devil’. hryre: masc. dat.sg., death. 1680b. Deniġea: gen. of Dene. frē[ġe]an: dat. sg. of frēa, wk. masc., lord; MS frea; expanded by Wrenn for metre; poss. dat. modifying ǣ ht. 1681a. wundorsmiþa: gen.pl. of wundor-smiþ, masc., ‘wonder-smith’. ġeweorc: neut. nom.sg., ‘work’. 1681b. þā: adv., when; see Com. þās: fem. acc.sg. of þēos, demon. adj., this. worold: fem. acc.sg., ‘world’ [G. Welt]. ofġeaf: pret. 3sg. of ofġyfan, st.5, to ‘give up’, leave. 1682a. grom-heort: adj., masc. nom,sg., ‘hostile hearted’. guma: wk. masc. nom. sg., man. 1682b. Godes: gen. of God. andsaca: wk. masc. nom.sg., adversary. 1683a. morðres: gen.sg. of morðor, neut., ‘murder’. sċyldiġ: adj., guilty. 1683b. modor: fem., ‘mother’. ēac: adv., also. 1684a. on ġeweald ġehwearf: see 1679b. ġeweald: neut. acc.sg., power. 1684b. worold-cyninga: gen.pl. of worold-cyning, masc., ‘world-king’. 1685a. ðǣm: the, that: masc. dat.pl. sēlestan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of sēlest, best., supl. of gōd, adj., ‘good’; poss. dat. modifying ġeweald. 1685b. be: prep., w.dat., ‘by’; be...twēonum, ‘between’. sǣm: dat.pl. of sǣ , masc., ‘sea’; be sǣ m twēonum, ‘between seas’ = on earth. twēonum: dat.pl. of twēone, two, between; also 858b. 1686a. ðāra þe: rel. pron., (of those) who; formally agrees with worold-cyninga. Sċedeniġġe: dat.sg. of Sċeden-īġ, fem., Sheden-island’, southern part of Scandanavia, Danish realm, Skåne. 1686b. sċeattas: acc.pl. of sċeat(t), masc., treasure. dǣlde: pret. 3sg. of dǣ lan, wk.1, to distribute [deal]. 1687b. hylt: = hilt: neut. acc.sg.; see 1677a. sċēawode: pret. 3sg. of sċēawian, wk.2, to look at. 1688a. ealde: fem. acc.sg. of eald, adj., ‘old’. lāfe: acc.sg. of lāf, fem., legacy, inheritance. 1688b. ðǣm: neut. dat.sg. of þæ t, rel., (on) which, i.e. hylt. ōr: neut., beginning. writen: pp. of wrītan, st.1, to engrave, ‘write’. 1689a. fyrn-ġewinnes: gen.sg. of fyrn-ġewin, neut., ‘ancient strife’. 1689b. syðþan: conj., when. flōd: masc. nom.sg., ‘flood’. ofslōh: pret. 3sg. of of-slēan, st.6, to slay, kill.

143

1690

1695

1700

ġifen ġēotende, ġīganta cyn;

1690

押し寄せる海水が、 巨人族を；

frēċne ġefērdon; þæt wæs fremde þēod

ひどい災難にあった； それは縁無き衆生だった

ēċean Dryhtne; him þæs ende-lēan

永遠の主からは； そのため彼らに最後の報いを

þurh wæteres wylm Waldend sealde.

津波により 「支配者」は与えられた。

Swā wæs on ðǣm sċennum sċīran goldes

そのことが刀鍔に、 輝く金の、

þurh rūn-stafas rihte ġemearcod,

1695

ルーン文字にて 正しく記されてあった。

ġeseted ond ġesǣd, hwām þæt sweord ġeworht,

象嵌され語られていた 誰のためにこの剣が作られたのか、

īrena cyst ǣrest wǣre,

鋼の中で最も優れたものが そもそもは、

wreoþen-hilt ond wyrm-fāh. Ðā se wīsa spræc,

環飾りの柄と蛇模様の剣が。 やがて賢人は語った、

sunu Healfdenes ― swīgedon ealle ―:

ヘアルフデネの息子は、 ― 皆が黙った ―：

“Þæt, lā, mæġ seċġan, sē þe sōð ond riht

1700 『真に、こう言いうるのだ、  真実と正義とを

fremeð on folce, feor eal ġemon,

国民の間で行ない、 過去をすべて記憶する者、

eald ēðel-weard, þæt ðes eorl wǣre

年取った国の守護者 (H) は、 この貴人こそ

1690a. ġifen: masc. / neut., sea, ocean. ġēotende: pres. part. of ġēotan, st.2, to rush. 1690b. ġīganta: gen.pl. of ġīgant, masc., giant. cyn: neut. acc.sg., race, ‘kin’. 1691a. frēċne: adv., severely. ġefērdon: pret. 3pl. of ġefēran, wk.1, to bring about; the subject is ġīganta cyn; ‘they suffered terribly’ (Klaeber’s Notes). 1691b. þæt: ‘that’: neut. nom.sg.; refers to ġīganta cyn. fremde: adj., fem. nom.sg., alien [G. fremd]. þēod: fem. nom.sg., race, tribe. 1692a. ēċean: wk. masc. dat.sg. of ēċe, adj., eternal. Dryhtne: dat. of Dryhten, masc., the Lord. 1692b. him: them: dat. þæs: for that: neut. gen.sg. ende-lēan: neut. acc.sg., ‘end-(= final) reward’. 1693a. þurh: prep., w.acc., ‘through’. wæteres: gen.sg. of wæ ter, neut., ‘water’, sea. wylm: masc. acc.sg., welling, surging. 1693b. Waldend: masc. nom., the Ruler. sealde: pret. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to give [sell]. 1694a. Swā: adv., thus. ðǣm: the: dat.pl. sċennum: dat.pl. of sċenn, ?pommel. 1694b. sċīran: wk. neut. gen.sg. of sċīr, adj., shining. goldes: gen.sg. of gold, neut. 1695a. þurh: prep.: see 1693a. rūn-stafas: acc.pl. of rūn-stæ f, masc., ‘rune-stave (= letter)’. 1695b. rihte: adv., rightly. ġemearcod: pp., neut. nom.sg. of mearcian, wk.2, to ‘mark’. 1696a. ġeseted: pp. of settan, wk.1, to set. ġesǣd: pp. of ġeseċġan, wk.3, ‘say’. 1696b. hwām: for whom (owner) or by whom (maker): dat.sg. of hwā, masc., ‘who’. þæt: the, that: neut. nom.sg. sweord: neut., nom.sg., ‘sword’. ġeworht: pp. of ġewyrċan, wk.1, to make. 1697a. īrena: gen.pl. of īren, neut., ‘iron’-sword. cyst: fem. nom.sg., choice, the best; w. partit. gen. 1697b. ǣrest: adv., first, supl. of ǣ r, early. wǣre: pret. subj. 3sg. of wesan, st.5, to be. 1698a. wreoþen-hilt: adj., with twisted hilt. wyrm-fāh: adj., with serpentine ornamentation. 1698b. Ðā: adv., then. se: the: masc. nom.sg. wīsa: wk. masc. nom.sg., wise (one), leader. spræc: pret. 3sg. of sprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’. 1699a. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’. Healfdenes: gen. of Healfdene. 1699b. swīgedon: pret. 3pl. of swīgian, wk.2, to be quiet [G. schweigen]. ealle: masc. nom.pl. of eal(l), ‘all’. 1700a. Þæt (...þæt): it (...that): neut. acc.sg.; see Com. lā: interj., ‘lo’, indeed. mæġ: ‘may’, can: pres. 3sg. seċġan: wk.3, to ‘say’. 1700b. sē þe: rel. pron., he who. sōð: neut. acc.sg., truth [sooth]. riht: neut. acc.sg., ‘right’, what is right. 1701a. fremeð: pres. 3sg. of fremman, wk.1, to perform. on: prep., w.dat., among. folce: dat.sg. of folc, neut., ‘folk’. 1701b. feor: adv., ‘far’ back (in time). eal: noun, neut. acc.sg., ‘all’. ġemon: pres. 3sg. of ġemunan, st.7, to remember. 1702a. eald: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘old’. ēðel-weard: masc. nom.sg., ‘realm-ward’, king. 1702b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ðes: this: masc. nom.sg. eorl: masc. nom.sg., nobleman. wǣre: pret. subj. 3sg. of wesan, st.5, to ‘be’.

144

1705

ġeboren betera! Blǣd is ārǣred

誰よりも生まれ良き人である ! 名声は確立した 

ġeond wīd-wegas, wine mīn Bēowulf,

遠くの地域まで、 わが友ベーオウルフよ、

ðīn ofer þēoda ġehwylċe.

Eal þū hit ġeþyldum

1705

healdest, mæġen mid mōdes snyttrum.

君の名声はすべての民族の上に。 君はそれをすべてし かと身に付けておる、

Iċ þē sċeal mīne

腕力を心の分別と共に。 わしは君にわしの友情を果た

ġelǣstan

さねばならぬ、

frēode, swā wit furðum sprǣcon. Ðū sċealt tō

我ら二人が少し前に話し合ったように。 君は慰めとな

frōfre weorþan

ろう、

eal lang-twīdiġ lēodum þīnum,

長き間に渡り、 君の国民の

167v

|hæleðum tō helpe. Ne wearð Heremōd swā

武士たちの助けとな。 ヘレモードは違った、

1710

eaforum Eċġwelan, Ār-Sċyldingum.

1710

エッジウェラの郎党、 「誉れの」シュルディンガスにとっては。

Ne ġewēox hē him tō willan, ac tō wæl-ealle

彼は長じて彼らの喜びとはならず、 殺害と

ond tō dēað-cwalum Deniġa lēodum;

無残な死となった、 デネの国民にとって。

brēat bolgen-mōd bēod-ġenēatas,

彼は怒りに任せて殺害した、 食卓の仲間を、

1703a. ġeboren: pp. of ġeberan, st.4, to ‘bear’ (a child). betera: ‘better’ (than any other): masc. nom.sg. 1703b. Blǣd: masc. nom.sg., fame. ārǣred: pp. of ā-rǣ ran, wk.1, to raise up, establish. 1704a. ġeond: prep., w.acc., throughout [beyond]. wīd-wegas: masc. acc.pl., ‘wide-ways’, distant regions. 1704b. wine: masc. voc.sg., friend. mīn: ‘my, mine’: masc. voc.sg. 1705a. ðīn: thy, thine: masc. nom.sg.; modifies Blǣ d. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’. þēoda: gen.pl. of þēod, fem., race. ġehwylċe: fem. acc.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each, every; w. partit. gen. 1705b. Eal: see 1701b. hit: ‘it’: neut. acc.sg.: refers to mæ ġen. ġeþyldum: (adverbially) steadily: dat.pl. of ġeþyld, fem., patience [G. Geduld]. healdest: pres. 2sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’. 1706a. mæġen: neut. acc.sg., strength [main]. mid: prep., w.dat., together with. mōdes: gen.sg. of mōd, neut., mind [mood]. snyttrum: dat.pl. of snyttru, wk. fem., wisdom, skill; noun of snottor ‘wise’. 1706b. þē: ‘thee’: dat. sċeal: ‘shall’, must: pres. 1sg. mīne: ‘my, mine’: fem. acc.sg.; modifies frēode. ġelǣstan: wk.1, to fulfill. 1707a. frēode: acc.sg. of frēod, fem., friendship. swā: conj., just as. wit: we two: nom. furðum: adv., just before, a short time ago. sprǣcon: pret. 1pl. of sprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’, say. 1707b. sċealt: ‘shalt’: pres. 2sg. tō: prep., w.dat., ‘to’; follows weorþan. frōfre: dat.sg. of frōfor, fem. / masc., consolation. weorþan: st.3, to become; with tō and dat. 1708a. eal: adv., all, quite. lang-twīdiġ: adj. masc. nom.sg., long-lasting; subjective complement. 1708b. lēodum: dat.pl. of lēode, masc. pl., people. þīnum: ‘thy, thine’: masc. dat.pl. 1709a. hæleðum: dat.pl. of hæ leð, masc., warrior. helpe: dat.sg. of help, fem. 1709b. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become; see 1707b. Heremōd: masc. nom., former Danish king. swā: adv. ‘so’, namely, tō frōfre, tō helpe. 1710a. eaforum: dat.pl. of eafora, wk. masc., retainers. Eċġwelan: gen.sg. of Eċġwela, wk. masc., unknown Danish king; literally, ‘edge(= sword)-wealth’. 1710b. Ār-Sċyldingum: dat. of Ār-Sċyldingas, masc. pl., ‘Honour-Scyldingas’. 1711a. ġewēox: pret. 3sg. of ġeweaxan, st.7, to grow up [wax]. tō: prep., w.dat., to (be...). him: to them, Danish people: dat.pl.; poss. willan: dat.sg. of willa, wk. masc., joy [will]. 1711b. ac: conj., (not...) but. wæl-fealle: dat.sg. of wæ l-feal(l), masc., ‘slaughter-fall’. 1712a. dēað-cwalum: dat.pl. of dēað-cwala, fem., ‘death-killing’, violent death. 1712b. Deniġa: gen. of Dene. lēodum: dat.pl. of lēode, masc., people. 1713a. brēat: pret. 3sg. of brēotan, st.2, to kill. bolgen-mōd: adj., masc. nom. sg., ‘enraged in mind’. 1713b. bēodġenēatas: acc.pl. of bēod-ġenēat, masc., ‘table-companion’.

145

eaxl-ġesteallan, oþ þæt hē āna hwearf, 1715

1720

1725

mǣre þēoden, mon-drēamum from,

肩触れ合う友達を、 ついに彼はただ独り去った、 1715

名高き王は、 人間の喜びから、

ðēah þe hine mihtiġ God mæġenes wynnum,

もっとも全能の神が彼を 御力の喜びもて、

eafeþum stēpte, ofer ealle men,

盛んに持ち上げ給い、 すべての人の上に

forð ġefremede. Hwæþere him on ferhþe grēow

押し上げ給うたのだが。 だが彼の心に生じた

brēost-hord blōd-rēow; nallas bēagas ġeaf

血に飢えたる胸の思いが； 宝環を与えなかった、

Denum æfter dōme. Drēam-lēas ġebād,

1720

誉れを求めてデネの人たちに。 喜びなく過ごし、

þæt hē þæs ġewinnes weorc þrōwade,

そのため彼はかの争いの 難儀をなめた、

lēod-bealo long-sum. Ðū þē lǣr be þon,

長い大苦痛を。 君はこのことから己を教育し、

gum-cyste onġit! Iċ þis ġid be þē

男の美徳を学ぶがよい ! わしはこの物語を君のため

āwræc wintrum frōd. Wundor is tō seċġanne,

齢重ねた知恵者として語ったのだ。 語るも驚異なるは、

hū mihtiġ God manna cynne

1725

þurh sīdne sefan snyttru bryttað,

いかに全能なる神が 人類に 偉大なる御心から 知恵を授けておられるからだ、

1714a. eaxl-ġesteallan: acc.pl. of eaxl-ġestealla, wk. masc., ‘shoulder companion’; cf. 1326a. 1714b. oþ þæt: conj., until. āna: wk. masc. nom.sg. of ān, adj., alone. hwearf: pret. 3sg. of hweorfan, st.3, to turn, go. 1715a. mǣre: adj., famous. þēoden,: masc., leader, king. 1715b. mon-drēamum: dat.pl. of mon-drēam, masc., ‘manpleasure’. from: prep., w.dat., away from; postpositioned. 1716a. ðēah þe: conj., though; usually with subj. hine: him: masc. acc.sg. mihtiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘mighty’. God: masc. nom.sg. 1716b. mæġenes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., power [main]. wynnum: dat.pl. of wyn(n), fem., joy, delight. 1717a. eafeþum: dat.pl. of eafoð, neut., strength. stēpte: pret. subj. 3sg. of stēpan, wk.1, to raise [steep]. 1717b. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, more than. ealle: masc. acc.pl. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’. men: ‘men’: acc.pl. 1718a. forð: adv., ‘forth’. ġefremede: pret. subj. 3sg. of ġefremman, wk.1, to advance. 1718b. Hwæþere: adv., however. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. on: prep., in. ferhþe: dat.sg. of ferhð, masc. / neut., mind. grēow: pret. 3sg. of grōwan, st.7, to ‘grow’. 1719a. breost-hord: neut. / masc., nom.sg., ‘breast-hoard’, heart. blōd-rēow: adj., ‘blood-thirsty’. 1719b. nallas: adv., not at all. bēagas: acc.pl. of bēag, masc., ring, (in pl.) treasures. ġeaf: pret. 3sg. of ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’. 1720a. Denum: dat. of Dene. æfter: prep., in pursuit of. dōme: dat.sg. of dōm, masc., glory. 1720b. Drēam-lēas: adj., ‘joy-less’, forlorn. ġebād: pret. 3sg. of ġebīdan, st.1, to experience. 1721a. þæt: conj., until. þæs: of the: neut. gen.sg. ġewinnes: gen.sg. of ġewin(n), neut., strife. 1721b. weorc: neut. acc.sg., distress. þrōwade: pret. 3sg. of þrōwian, wk.2, to suffer. 1722a. lēod-bealo: neut. acc.sg., ‘people-bale’, great affliction. long-sum: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘long’-lasting [-some]. 1722b. þē: ‘thee’: acc. lǣr: imper. sg. of lǣ ran, wk.1, to teach. be þon: by that. be: prep., w.instr. ‘by’. þon: instr. sg. of þæ t, neut., the, ‘that’. 1723a. gum-cyste: acc.pl. of gum-cyst, fem., ‘manly virtue’. onġit: imper. sg. of onġitan, st.5, to perceive. 1723b. þis: ‘this’: neut. acc.sg. ġid: neut. acc.sg., story. be: prep., w.dat., for the sake of. þē: ‘thee’: dat. 1724a. āwræc: pret. 3sg. of ā-wrecan, st.5, to recite. wintrum: dat.pl. of winter, masc., (in pl.) years. frōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., old and wise. 1724b. Wundor: neut. nom.sg., ‘wonder’. seċġanne: ger. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’. 1725a. hū: conj., ‘how’. mihtiġ: adj., ‘mighty’. God: masc. nom. 1725b. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. cynne: dat.sg. of cyn, neut., race, ‘kin’. 1726a. þurh: prep., w.acc., ‘through’. sīdne: masc. acc.sg. of sīd, adj., spacious. sefan: acc.sg. of sefa, wk. masc., mind. 1726b. snyttru: wk. fem. acc.sg., wisdom. bryttað: pres. 3sg. of bryttian, wk.2, to distribute.

146

1730

eard ond eorl-sċipe; hē āh ealra ġeweald.

住む土地と身分と共に； 神はすべてに支配権を持ち給う。

Hwīlum hē on lufan lǣteð hworfan

時々神は懐かしき故郷に 向けさせ給う

monnes mōd-ġeþonc mǣran cynnes;

人の心の思いを 誉れある一族の；

seleð him on ēþle eorþan wynne

1730

tō healdanne, hlēo-burh wera; 168r

1735

故郷で彼に与え給う 地上の喜びを 保持すべき、 つまり人々の城市を；

|ġedēð him swā ġewealdene worolde dǣlas,

（神は）彼に従わせるので、 世界の一部を、

sīde rīċe, þæt hē his selfa ne mæġ

広い王国を、 彼はその終焉を思うことが、

for his unsnyttrum ende ġeþenċean.

自分の愚行のために できなくなる。

Wunað hē on wiste, nō hine wiht dweleð,

1735

彼自身は繁栄の中に安住し、 何も彼を妨げない、

ādl nē yldo, nē him inwit-sorh

病も老齢も。 また邪悪な思いが

on sefan sweorceð, nē ġesacu ōhwǣr

彼の心中に暗くつのらず、 またいずこにても敵意が

eċġ-hete ēoweð, ac him eal worold

刃の憎しみを表すことなく、 全世界が彼の

wendeð on willan. Hē þæt wyrse ne con ―

意のままに動く。 彼はより悪しきことを知らず ―

1727a. eard: masc. acc.sg., dwelling place. eorl-sċipe: masc. acc.sg., ‘nobleman-ship’, rank. 1727b. āh: pres. 3sg. of āgan, pret.-pres., to ‘own’. ealra: neut. gen.pl. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’. ġeweald: neut. acc.sg., power [G. Gewalt]. 1728a. Hwīlum: sometimes: dat.pl. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’. on: prep., on to. lufan: acc.sg. of lufu, wk. fem., ‘love’; ambiguous but the contextual meaning may be ‘dear homeland’; see Klaeber’s Notes. 1728b. lǣteð: pres. 3sg. of lǣ tan, st.7, to ‘let’. hworfan: st.3, to go. 1729a. monnes: gen.sg. of mon(n), masc., ‘man’. mōd-ġeþonc: masc. / neut. acc.sg., ‘mind-thought’. 1729b. mǣran: wk. neut. gen.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous. cynnes: gen.sg. of cyn, neut., race [kin]. 1730a. seleð: pres. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to ‘give’. him: dat., Heremod. on: prep., w.dat., in. ēþle: dat.sg. of, ēþel masc., homeland. 1730b. eorþan: gen.sg. of eorþe, wk. fem., the ‘earth’. wynne: acc.sg. of wyn(n), fem., joy. 1731a. healdanne: ger. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’. 1731b. hlēo-burh: fem. acc.sg., ‘protection-borough’, stronghold. wera: gen.pl. of wer, masc., man. 1732a. ġedēð: pres. 3sg. of ġedōn, anom., to make. swā...(þæt): so...(that). ġewealdene: pp., masc. acc.pl. of ġewealdan, st.7, to subject; agrees with dǣ las. 1732b. worolde: gen. sg. of worold, fem., ‘world’. dǣlas: regions: acc.pl. of dǣ l, masc., part [deal]. 1733a. sīde: wk. neut. acc.sg. of sīd, adj., large, spacious. rīċe: neut. acc.sg., kingdom [G. Reich]. 1733b. his: its: neut. gen.; agrees with rīċe and modifies ende. selfa: wk. masc. non.sg. of, self; appositive to hē. mæġ: can, ‘may’: pres. 3sg. 1734a. for: prep., w.dat., because of; MS ...; Klaeber’s text omits it, probably following Zupitza who missed A for. unsnyttrum: dat. pl. of un-snyttru, wk. fem., ‘un-wisdom’, folly. 1734b. ende: masc. acc.sg, ‘end’. ġeþenċean: wk.1, to conceive, ‘think’; w.acc. 1735a. Wunað: pres. 3sg. of wunian, wk.2, to dwell, live. on: prep., in. wiste: dat.sg. of wist, fem., prosperity. 1735b. hine: him: masc. acc. wiht: at all: adverbial acc.sg., a ‘whit’. dweleð: pres. 3sg. of dwellan, wk.1, to hinder. 1736a. ādl: fem. nom.sg., disease. nē...( nē... nē): conj., nor (...nor...nor); also 1736b, 1736b. yldo: wk. fem. nom.sg., old age. 1736b. inwit-sorh: fem. nom.sg., ‘evil-sorrow’. 1737a. sefan: dat.sg. of sefa, wk. masc., mind. sweorceð: pres. 3sg. of sweorcan, st.3, to become dark. 1737b. ġesacu: fem. nom.sg., enmity. ōhwǣr: adv., anywhere. 1738a. eċġ-hete: masc. acc.sg., ‘sword-hate’. ēoweð: pres. 3sg. of ēowan, wk.1, to show. 1738b. him: poss. dat.; modifies willan. eal worold: all the world: fem. nom.sg. 1739a. wendeð: pres. 3sg. of wendan, wk.1, to go. on: prep., w.acc., to. willan: acc.sg. of willa, wk. masc., ‘will’. 1739b. þæt wyrse: ‘the worse’: neut. acc.sg. con: pres. 3sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know; see Com.

147

・XXV・ 1740

1745

Oð þæt him on innan ofer-hyġda dǣl

XXV 1740

ついには彼の心の中に 大いなる傲慢が

weaxe[ð] ond wrīdað, þonne se weard swefeð,

生長して繁茂する、 番人が眠っている間に、

sāwele hyrde; bið se slǣp tō fæst,

魂の守護者が； その眠りは余りに深い、

bisġum ġebunden, bona swīðe nēah,

雑念に縛られて 殺人者がすぐ近くにいるのに、

sē þe of flān-bogan fyrenum sċēoteð.

弓矢を 悪意もて射る者が。

Þonne bið on hreþre under helm drepen

1745

やがて心臓めがけて 兜の下を射られる、

biteran strǣle ― him bebeorgan ne con ―

鋭い矢によって ― 彼は己を守る術を知らず ―

wōm wundor-bebodum wergan gāstes;

邪悪な怪しい唆しによって 呪われた妖魔の；

þinċeð him tō lӯtel, þæt hē tō lange hēold;

彼には取るに足らなく思える 彼が余りに長く保持し てきたものが；

ġӯtsað grom-hӯdiġ, nallas on ġylp seleð 1750

fǣ[tt]e bēagas, ond hē þā forð-ġesċeaft

貪欲にして怒りっぽく 驕り高ぶり与えない 1750

金箔の宝環を； そして彼は未来の運命を

1740a. Oð þæt: conj., until. him: ‘him’: dat. on innan: prep., w.dat., within, inside; postpositioned. 1740b. oferhyġda: gen.pl. of ofer-hyġd, fem., ‘over-thought’, arrogance. dǣl: masc. nom.sg., a great ‘deal’ of; w.gen. 1741a. weaxe[ð]: pres. 3sg. of weaxan, st.7, to ‘wax’, grow; MS wea..., A, B weaxed; emended by Kemble. wrīdað: pres. 3sg. of wrīdian, wk.2, to flourish. 1741b. þonne: cong., while. se: the: masc. nom.sg. weard: masc., nom.sg., guardian [ward]; see Com. swefeð: pres. 3sg. of swefan, st.5, to sleep. 1742a. sāwele: gen.sg. of sāwol, fem., ‘soul’. hyrde: masc. nom.sg., keeper [herd]. 1742b. bið: pres. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. slǣp: masc. nom.sg., ‘sleep’. tō: adv., ‘too’. fæst: adj., ‘fast’. 1743a. bisġum: dat.pl. of bisiġu, wk. fem., care. ġebunden: pp. of bindan, st.3, to ‘bind’. 1743b. bona: = bana: wk. masc., killer; see Com. swīðe: adv., very, much. nēah: adj., near. 1744a. sē þe: rel. pron., he who. of: prep., w.dat., from. flān-bogan: dat.sg. of flān-boga, wk. masc., ‘arrow-bow’. 1744b. fyrenum: (adverbially) wickedly: dat.pl. of fyren, fem., crime. sċēoteð: pres. 3sg. of sċēotan, st. 2, to ‘shoot’. 1745a. Þonne: adv., then. bið: see 1742b; the subject ‘he’ is omitted. on: prep., w.dat., in. hreþre: dat.sg. of hreðer, neut., heart. 1745b. under: prep., w.acc., ‘under’. helm: masc. acc.sg., ‘helmet’. drepen: pp. of drepan, st.5, to strike with a weapon. 1746a. biteran: wk. masc. instr.-dat.sg. of biter, adj., sharp [bitter]. strǣle: instr.-dat. sg. of strǣ l, masc., arrow. 1746b. him: refl. dat. bebeorgan: st.3, to protect or defend oneself；with refl. dat. ne: adv., not. con: pres. 3sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know how to, be able to. 1747a. wōm: neut. dat.pl. of wōh, adj., perverse. wundor-bebodum: dat.pl. of wundor-bebod, neut., ‘mysterious command’. 1747b. wergan: masc. gen. sg. of werga, wk. adj., accursed, evil. gāstes: gen.sg. of gāst, masc., spirit, demon [ghost]. 1748a. þinċeð: pres. 3sg. of þynċan, wk.1, to seem. him: ‘him’: dat. tō: adv., ‘too’. lӯtel: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘little’, small. 1748b. þæt: rel. pron., that which, what. lange: adv., ‘long’. hēold: ‘held’: pret. 3sg. 1749a. ġӯtsað: pres. 3sg. of ġītsian, wk.2, to covet [G. geizen]. grom-hȳdiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘angry-minded’. 1749b. nallas: adv., not at all. on ġylp: proudly, honourably. ġylp: neut. acc.sg., pride. seleð: pres. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to ‘give’ [sell]. 1750a. fǣ[tt]e: masc. acc.pl. of fǣ ted, adj. (pp.), gold-plated; MS fæ dde (voicing of fæ tte); emended by Thorpe. bēagas: acc.pl. of bēag, masc., ring, (in pl.) treasures. 1750b. þā: the: fem. acc.sg. forð-ġesċeaft: fem. acc.sg., future state, destiny.

148

168v

1755

1760

forġyteð ond forġӯmeð, þæs þe him ǣr God sealde,

忘れて無視する、 神が彼に給うていたが故に、

wuldres |Waldend, weorð-mynda dǣl.

栄光の「支配者」が、 栄誉の分け前を。

Hit on ende-stæf eft ġelimpeð,

最後に また起こるのだ、

þæt se līċ-homa lǣne ġedrēoseð,

肉体が はかなく衰え、

fǣġe ġefealleð; fēhð ōþer tō,

1755

死すべき者が倒れることが； 次の者が彼の後を襲う、

sē þe unmurnlīċe mādmas dǣleþ,

無頓着に 宝物を分配し、

eorles ǣr-ġestrēon, eġesan ne ġӯmeð.

貴人の伝来の富を、 減る恐れを気にかけぬ者が。

Bebeorh þē ðone bealo-nīð, Bēowulf lēofa,

自らをその邪悪から守るがよい、 親愛なるベーオウルフよ、

seċġ betsta, ond þē þæt sēlre ġeċēos,

いと優れたる者よ、 あのより良きものを選ぶがよい、

ēċe rǣdas; ofer-hӯda ne ġӯm,

1760

永遠のご利益を； 傲慢など心に懐かぬように、

mǣre cempa! Nū is þīnes mæġnes blǣd

名高き勇士よ！ 君の力の評判は今

āne hwīle; eft sōna bið

一時である； またすぐに起こるだろう、

þæt þeċ ādl oððe eċġ eafoþes ġetwǣfeð,

君から病か刃が 力を奪うことが、

1751a. forġyteð: pres. 3sg. of for-ġytan, st.5, to ‘forget’. forġӯmeð: pres. 3sg. of for-ġȳman, wk.1, to neglect. 1751b. þæs þe: rel. / conj., ‘for that’, because. ǣr: adv., before. sealde: pret. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to give. 1752a. wuldres: gen.sg. of wuldor, neut., glory. Waldend: masc. nom.sg., the Ruler. 1752b. weorð-mynda: gen.pl. of weorð-mynd, fem., ‘worth-record’, honour. dǣl: masc. acc.sg., allotted portion, ‘deal’. 1753a. Hit (...þæt): ‘it (...that)’. on: prep., w.acc., at. ende-stæf: masc. acc.sg., ‘end-staff ’, end of life. 1753b. eft: adv., again. ġelimpeð: pres. 3sg. of ġelimpan, st.3, to happen. 1754a. se: the: masc. nom.sg. līċ-homa: wk. masc. nom.sg, body. 1754b. lǣne: adj., transitory [loaned]. ġedrēoseð: pres. 3sg. of ġedrēosan, st.2, to perish. 1755a. fǣġe: adj., (one) doomed to die. ġefealleð: pres. 3sg. of ġefeallan, st.7, to ‘fall’. 1755b. fēhð: pres. 3sg. of fōn, st.7, to seize. ōþer: adj., nom. sg., ‘other’ (one). tō: adv., ‘to’; if him is supplied, tō becomes prep. 1756a. sē þe: rel. pron, he who. unmurnlīċe: adv., ruthlessly. 1756b. mādmas: acc.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. dǣleþ: pres. 3sg. of dǣ lan, wk.1, to ‘deal’, distribute. 1757a. eorles: gen.sg. of eorl, masc., nobleman [earl]. ǣr-ġestrēon: neut. acc.sg., ‘ancient treasure’. 1757b. eġesan: gen.sg. of eġesa, wk. masc., fear (of dispensing gifts) [cf. awe]. ġӯmeð: pres. 3sg. of ġȳman, wk.1, to care about, heed; w.gen. 1758a. Bebeorh: imper. sg. of be-beorgan, st.3, to protect oneself.; with refl. dat. þē: ‘thee’: dat.sg.; refl., thyself. ðone: the: masc. acc.sg. bealo-nīð: masc. acc.sg., violent enmity [bale]. 1758b. lēofa: wk. masc. voc. sg. of lēof, adj., dear [G. lieb]. 1759a. seċġ: masc. voc.sg., warrior, hero. betsta: ‘best’: wk. masc. voc.sg. 1759b. þē: ‘thee’: ethical dat. þæt: the, that: neut. acc. sg. sēlre: neut. acc.sg. of sēlra, better. ġeċēos: imper. sg. of ġeċēosan, st.2, to ‘choose’; see Com. 1760a. ēċe: adj., masc. acc.pl., eternal. rǣdas: acc.pl. of rǣ d, masc., ?salvation, benefit; see Com. 1760b. ofer-hӯda: gen.pl. of ofer-hyġd, fem., ‘over-mind’, arrogance. ġӯm: imper. sg. of ġȳman, wk.1, to heed; w.gen; see Com. 1761a. mǣre: voc.sg. adj., famous. cempa: wk. masc. voc.sg., warrior. 1761b. Nū: adv., ‘now’. þīnes: neut. gen.sg. of þīn, poss. adj., thy, thine. mæġnes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., strength. blǣd: masc. nom.sg., fame. 1762a. āne: fem. acc.sg. of ān, one, ‘a’. hwīle: acc.sg. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’; āne hwīle, ‘for a while’. 1762b. eft: adv., again. sōna: adv., immediately [soon]. bið: pres. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. 1763a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. þeċ: = þē: ‘thee’: acc. ādl: fem. nom.sg., disease. oððe: conj., or; see Com. eċġ: fem. nom.sg., sword [edge]. 1763b. eafoþes: gen.sg. of eafoð, neut., strength. ġetwǣfeð: pres. 3sg. of ġetwǣ fan, wk.1, to deprive; w.acc. of person & gen. of thing.

149

oððe fӯres fenġ oððe flōdes wylm 1765

oððe gripe mēċes oððe gāres fliht

あるいは火の手が あるいは洪水の渦が 1765

oððe atol yldo; oððe ēagena bearhtm

あるいは恐ろしい老齢が； はたまた目の明るさが

forsiteð ond forsworceð; semninga bið

失われ暗くなる； 遠からず起こること

þæt ðeċ, dryht-guma, dēað oferswӯðeð.

君に、勇士よ、 死が打ち勝つことが。  こうしてわしは「鎧の」デネを 50 年間

Swā iċ Hring-Dena hund missēra 1770

1775

169r

あるいは剣の攻撃が あるいは槍の飛翔が

wēold under wolcnum ond hiġ wiġġe belēac,

1770

天下を支配してきた そして彼らを戦で守った、

maniġum mǣġþa ġeond þysne middan-ġeard,

幾多の民族から この中津国中の、

æsċum ond eċġum, þæt iċ mē ǣniġne

とねりこの槍と剣で、 それ故わしは何人も

under sweġles begong ġesacan ne tealde.

広い空の下で 敵には数えなかった。

Hwæt, mē þæs on ēþle edwend[e]n cwōm,

見よ、我が祖国に その逆転が訪れた、

gyrn æfter gomene, seoþðan Grendel wearð,

1775

喜びの後に悲しみが、 グレンデルが、

eald-ġewinna, ingenġa mīn;

古き敵が、 我が侵入者となってからは；

|iċ þǣre sōcne singāles wæg

わしはこの訪れのために 絶えず懐いた、

1764a. fӯres: gen.sg. of fȳr, neut., ‘fire’. fenġ: masc. nom.sg., grip. 1764b. flōdes: gen.sg. of flōd, masc., ‘flood’. wylm: masc. nom. sg., welling. 1765a. gripe: masc. nom.sg., attack. mēċes: gen.sg. of mēċe, masc., sword. 1765b. gāres: gen.sg. of gār, masc., spear. fliht: masc. nom.sg., ‘flight’. 1766a. atol: adj., fem. nom.sg., grim. yldo: wk. fem. nom.sg., old age. 1766b. ēagena: gen.pl. of ēage, wk. neut., ‘eye’. bearhtm: masc. nom.sg., brightness. 1767a. forsiteð: pres. 3sg. of for-sittan, st.5, to fail. forsworceð: pres. 3sg. of for-sweorcan, st.3, to darken. 1767b. semninga: adv., before long. bið: pres. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. 1768a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ðeċ: acc.sg.; see 1763a. dryht-guma: wk. masc. voc. sg., warrior. 1768b. dēað: masc. nom.sg., ‘death’. oferswӯðeð: pres. 3sg. of ofer-swȳðan, wk.1, to overcome. 1769a. Swā: adv., thus. Hring-Dena: gen. of Hring-Dene, masc. pl., ‘Ring-Dane’. 1769b. hund: ‘hundred’. missēra: gen.pl. of missēre, neut., half-year; see 1498b. 1770a. wēold: pret. 1sg. of wealdan, st.7, to rule; w.gen. wolcnum: dat.pl. of wolcen, neut., cloud, (in pl.) sky [welkin]; under wolcnum ‘on the earth’. 1770b. hiġ: = hī(e): them, i.e. Dene: acc.pl.; the object of belēac. wiġġe: = wīġe: instr.-dat.sg. of wīġ, neut. / masc., battle. belēac: pret. 1sg. of be-lūcan, st.2, to protect by battle; w.dat. (against). 1771a. maniġum: fem. dat.pl. of moniġ, adj., ‘many’. mǣġþa: gen.pl. of mǣ ġþ, fem., tribe. 1771b. ġeond: prep., w.acc., throughout. þysne: this: masc. acc.sg. middan-ġeard: masc. acc.sg., ‘middle-yard’, the world. 1772a. æsċum: dat.pl. of æ sċ, masc., ‘ash’ -spear. eċġum: dat.pl. of eċġ, fem., sword. 1772b. þæt: conj., so that. ǣniġne: masc. acc.sg. of ǣ niġ, adj., ‘any’. 1773a. sweġles: gen.sg. of sweġl, neut., sky, heaven. begong: acc.sg. of begang, masc., expanse. 1773b. ġesacan: acc.sg. of ġesaca, wk. masc., adversary. tealde: pret. 1sg. of tellan, wk.1, reckon [tell]. 1774a Hwæt: interj., indeed. mē: ‘me’: poss. dat. þæs: from that; neut. gen.sg.; modifies edwenden. on: prep., w.dat., in. ēþle: dat.sg. of ēþel, masc., homeland. 1774b. edwend[e]n, fem. nom.sg., ‘turning back’, reversal: MS edwendan; emended by Grein. cwōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 1775a. gyrn: = gryn: masc. / neut. nom.sg., grief. gomene: dat. sg. of gamen, gomen, neut., joy. 1775b. seoþðan: conj., ‘since’. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 1776a. eald-ġewinna: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘old adversary’. 1776b. ingenġa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘in-goer’, intruder. 1777a. þǣre: for that: fem. gen.sg. sōcne: gen.sg. of sōcn, fem., visitation. 1777b. singāles: adv., always. wæg: pret. 1sg. of wegan, st.5, to endure.

150

1780

1785

1790

mōd-ceare miċle. Þæs siġ Metode þanc,

大いなる心の悲しみを。 神に感謝を捧げよう、

ēċean Dryhtne, þæs ðe iċ on aldre ġebād,

永遠の主に、 いやしくもできたことに対し、

þæt iċ on þone hafelan heoro-drēoriġne

1780

わしがこの首級を 血に染まった、

ofer eald ġewin ēagum stariġe!

長き争いの後に 我が眼で眺めることが！

Gā nū tō setle, symbel-wynne drēoh,

さあ席に着かれよ、 楽しい宴を楽しまれよ、

wīġ-ġeweorþad; unc sċeal worn fela

戦に秀でた人よ； 我ら二人のためにあまたの

māþma ġemǣnra, siþðan morgen bið.”

宝を分かち合うことにしよう、 明日が来たら』

Ġēat wæs glæd-mōd, ġēong sōna tō,

1785

 イェーアト (B) は心嬉しく 直ちに赴いた

setles nēosan, swā se snottra heht.

席を求めて、 賢明なる王が命じた通りに。

Þā wæs eft swā ǣr ellen-rōfum,

やがて再び以前のように 勇士らのために、

flet-sittendum fæġere ġereorded

広間に座せる者たちに ふさわしく宴会が準備された

nīowan stefne. Niht-helm ġeswearc,

改めて。 夜の帳が降りてきた、

deorc ofer dryht-gumum. Duguð eal ārās;

1790

家来たちの上に黒々と。  武士たちは一同立ち上がった；

1778a. mōd-ceare: acc.sg. of mōd-cearu, fem., ‘mind-care’, soul-sorrow. miċle: ‘much’: fem. acc.sg. 1778b. Þæs...(þæs ðe): correl., for that (...for that which), or Þæs: therefore: neut. gen.sg.; see 1774a, and þæs ðe: because. siġ: = sīe: should be: pres. subj. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. Metode: dat. of Metod, masc., God. þanc: masc. nom. sg., ‘thanks’. 1779a. ēċean: wk. masc. dat.sg. of ēċe, adj., eternal. Dryhtne: dat.sg. of Dryhten, masc., the Lord. 1779b. þæs ðe: see above. on aldre: ever. aldre: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. ġebād: pret. 1sg. of gebīdan, st.1, to experience. 1780a. þæt: conj., ‘that’: introduces the object clause. on: prep., w.acc., at. þone: the, that: masc. acc.sg. hafelan: acc.sg. of hafela, wk. masc., head. 1780b. heoro-drēoriġne: masc. acc.sg. of heoro-drēoriġ, adj., ‘sword-gory’, blood-stained [dreary]. 1781a. ofer: prep., w.acc., after. eald: neut. acc.sg. adj., ‘old’. ġewin: neut. acc.sg., strife. 1781b. ēagum: dat.pl. of ēage, wk. neut., ‘eye’. stariġe: pres. 1sg. of starian, wk.2, to ‘stare’. 1782a. Gā: imper. sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. setle: dat.sg. of setl, neut., seat. 1782b. symbel-wynne: acc.sg. of symbel-wynn, fem., ‘feast-joy’. drēoh: imper. sg. of drēogan, st.2, to enjoy. 1783a. wīġ-ġeweorþad: adj. (pp.), voc. sg., ‘war-honoured’ (one). 1783b. unc: us two: dat. sċeal: ‘shall’: pres. 1sg.; supplies the ‘be’ verb. worn fela: a great many: masc. nom.sg.; with partit. gen. 1784a. māþma: gen.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. ġemǣnra: masc. gen.pl. of ġemǣ ne, adj., shared, mutual. 1784b. siþðan: conj., when. morgen: masc., morning [G. Morgen]. bið: pres. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. 1785a. Ġēat: masc., the Geat, i.e. Beowulf. glæd-mōd: adj., ‘glad minded’. 1785b. ġēong: pret. 3sg. of gangan, st.7, to ‘go’. sōna: adv., at once [soon]. tō: adv., thereto. 1786a. setles: gen.sg. of setl, neut., seat. nēosan: wk.1 / 2, to find; w.gen. 1786b. swā: conj., just as. snottra: adj. wk., masc. nom.sg., wise (one). heht: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order. 1787a. Þā: adv., then. eft: adv., again. swā: conj., as. ǣr: adv., before. 1787b. ellen-rōfum: masc. dat.pl. of ellen-rōf, adj., ‘courage-renowned’ (one). 1788a. flet-sittendum: dat. pl. of flet-sittende, masc. (pres. part.), ‘hall-sitter’. 1788b. fæġere: adv., fairly. ġereorded: pp. of ġereordian, wk.2, to feast. 1789a. nīowan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of nīwe, adj., ‘new’. stefne: dat.sg. of stefn, masc., time; nīowan stefne ‘afresh’. 1789b. Niht-helm: masc. nom.sg., ‘night-cover’. ġeswearc: pret. 3sg. of ġesweorcan, st.3, to become dark. 1790a. deorc: adj., ‘dark’. dryht-gumum: dat.pl. of dryht-guma, wk. masc., retainer. 1790b. Duguð: fem. nom.sg., body of warriors. eal: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘all’. āras: pret. 3sg. of ā-rīsan, st.1, to ‘rise up’.

151

1795

wolde blonden-feax beddes nēosan,

白髪の方が 寝所を求められたのであった、

gamela Sċylding. ġēat uniġmetes wēl,

老いたシュルディング (H) が。 イェーアト (B) はいと激しく、

rōfne rand-wigan, restan lyste.

名高き楯持つ武士は、 休息を欲した。

Sōna him sele-þeġn sīðes wērġum,

直ちに部屋係の武士が彼を 戦に疲れ、

feorran-cundum forð wīsade,

1795

sē for andrysnum ealle beweote[d]e

この者は礼儀正しく すべてに気を配った、

þeġnes þearfe, swylċe þӯ dōgore

近侍の武士 (B) の必要に、 その日に

heaþo-līðende habban sċoldon.

海を渡る武士たちが 当然要るはずのものに。

Reste hine þā rūm-heort; reċed hlīuade 1800

169v

遠い国より来たれる人を 案内した。

ġēap ond gold-fāh; gæst inne swæf,

 やがて心広い武士は休んだ； 館はそびえた、 1800

穹隆をなし金箔を張られて； 客は室内で眠った、

oþ þæt hrefn blaca heofones wynne

黒鴉が 天の喜びたる日の出を

blīð-heort bodode. |Ðā cōm beorht sċacan,

心楽しく告げるまで。 それから夜明けが足早に来た、

[sċīma æfter sċeadwe;] sċaþan ōnetton,

闇の後に光が； 武士たちは急いだ、

1791a. wolde: ‘would’, wanted: pret. 3sg. blonden-feax: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘mixed, i.e. gray-haired’ (one). 1791b. beddes: gen.sg. of bed(d), neut., ‘bed’. nēosan: wk.1 / 2, to go; w.gen. (to). 1792a. gamela: wk. adj., old, aged. Sċylding: masc. nom.sg., i.e. Hrothgar. 1792b. Ġēat: acc.; see 1785a. uniġmetes: = un-ġemetes: adv., without measure, exceedingly. wēl: adv., ‘well’. 1793a. rōfne: masc. acc.sg., of rōf, adj., renowned. rand-wigan: acc.sg. of rand-wiga, wk. masc., ‘shield-warrior’. 1793b. restan: wk.1, to ‘rest’. lyste: pret. 3sg. of lystan, wk.1, to desire; impers. w.acc. of person. 1794a. Sōna: adv., immediately [soon]. him: ‘him’, i.e. Beowulf; dat. sele-þeġn: masc. nom.sg., ‘hall-thane’. 1794b. sīðes: gen.sg. of sīð, masc., journey, voyage. wērġum: masc. dat.sg. of wēriġ, adj., ‘weary’. 1795a. feorran-cundum: masc. dat.sg. of feorran-cund, adj., of a far country. 1795b. forð: adv., ‘forth’. wīsade: pret. 3sg. of wīsian, wk.2, to guide; w.dat. 1796a. sē: who: rel. pron., masc. nom.sg. for: prep., ‘for’. andrysnum: dat.pl. and-rysno, wk. fem., courtesy. 1796b. ealle: fem. acc.sg. of eal(l), ‘all’; modifies þearfe. beweote[d]e: pret. 3sg. of be-witian, wk.2, to attend to; MS beweotene; emended by Kemble. 1797a. þeġnes: gen. sg. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’. þearfe: acc.sg. of þearf, fem., need. 1797b. swylċe: fem. acc.sg. of swylċ, rel. pron: such as; its antecedent is þearfe. þӯ: the: neut. instr.sg. dōgore: dat.sg. of dōgor, neut., day. 1798a. heaþo-līðende: masc. nom.pl. (pres. part.), ‘war-sailor’. 1798b. habban: wk.3, to ‘have’. sċoldon: ‘should’, were to: pret. 3pl. 1799a. Reste: pret. 3sg. of restan, wk.1, with refl. acc.; see 1793b. hine: him(self): masc. acc.sg. þā: adv., then. rūm-heort: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘roomy-hearted’, generous (one). 1799b. reċed: masc. / neut., nom.sg., hall. hlīuade: = hlīfade: pret. 3sg. of hlīfian, wk.2, to stand high. 1800a. ġēap: adj., nom.sg., arched. gold-fāh: adj., nom. sg., ‘gold-adorned’ 1800b. gæst: cf. ġiest: masc. nom.sg., ‘guest’ [G. Gast]; gæ st is the i-umlaut of *gastiz, while ġiest is that of *gæ stiz. inne: adv., inside. swæf: pret. 3sg. of swefan, st.5, to sleep. 1801a. oþ þæt: conj., until. hrefn: masc. nom.sg., ‘raven’. blaca: wk. masc. nom.sg. of blæ c, adj., ‘black’. 1801b. heofones: gen.sg. of heofon, masc., ‘heaven’. wynne: acc.sg. of wyn(n), fem., joy. 1802a. blīð-heort: adj., ‘blithe-hearted’. bodode: pret. 3sg. of bodian, wk.2, to announce [bode]. 1802b. Ða: conj., when. cōm: ‘came’: pret. 3sg. beorht: adj., nom.sg., bright (one). sċacan: st.6, to hasten. 1803a. [sċīma: wk. masc. nom.sg., light. æfter: prep., w.dat., ‘after’. sċeadwe]: fem. dat.sg., ‘shadow’; no gap in MS; supplied by Sievers; see Com. 1803b. sċaþan: nom.pl. of sċeaþa, wk. masc., warrior. ōnetton: pret. 3pl. of ōn-ettan, wk.1, to hurry.

152

wǣron æþelingas eft tō lēodum 1805

貴公子たちは 再び国民のところに

fūse tō faren[n]e; wolde feor þanon,

1805

帰りたい一心だった； そこから遠くの、

cuma collen-ferhð ċēoles nēosan.

心猛き訪問客は、 船のところに行きたかった。

Heht þā se hearda Hrunting beran

その時勇士 (B) は （家来に）命じた、 フルンティングを 持って来るよう

1810

1815

sunu Eċġlāfes, heht his sweord niman,

エッジラーフの息子に、 彼の剣を受け取らせた、

lēoflīċ īren; sæġde him þæs l[ǣ]nes þanc,

貴重な鋼を； 彼に借物の礼を述べて、

cwæð, hē þone gūð-wine gōdne tealde,

1810

言った、自分は戦の友〔剣〕を 優れたものと思うと、

wīġ-cræftiġne; nales wordum lōg

戦に強きものと； 彼は言葉で非難しなかった、

mēċes eċġe; þæt wæs mōdiġ seċġ.

剣の刃を： それは勇ましい人であった。

Ond þā, sīð-frome, searwum ġearwe

それから旅に心はやり、 武装を整えた

wīġend wǣron; ēode weorð Denum,

戦士たちは； デネ人らに敬愛された方 (B) は赴いた、

æþeling tō yppan, þǣr se ōþer wæs,

1815

h[æ]le hilde-dēor Hrōðgār grētte.

貴人は上席に、  そこにはもう一人の貴人 (H) がおられた、 闘いに大胆な英雄が フロースガールに挨拶した。

1804a. wǣron: ‘were’. æþelingas: masc. nom.pl. of æ þeling, prince. 1804b. eft: adv., back again. tō: prep., ‘to’, towards. lēodum: dat. of lēode, masc. pl., people. 1805a. fūse: masc. nom.pl. of fūs, adj., eager to set out. faren[n]e: ger. of faran, st.6, to ‘fare’, go forth; MS ...ene ne, A arene ne, B farene ne; emended by Kemble. 1805b. wolde: ‘would’, wanted: pret. 3sg. feor: adv., ‘far’. þanon: adv., ‘thence’. 1806a. cuma: wk. masc. nom.sg., visitor, ‘comer’. collen-ferhð: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘proud-spirited’, brave. 1806b. ċēoles: gen.sg. of ċēol, masc. nom.sg., ship [cf. keel]. nēosan: wk.1/2, to go; w.gan. (to). 1807a. Heht: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order. þā: adv., then; see Com. se: the: masc. nom.sg. hearda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of heard, adj., strong, ‘hard’; refers to Beowulf. 1807b. Hrunting: masc. acc. beran: st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 1808a. sunu: = suna: masc. dat.sg., ‘son’. Eċġlāfes: gen. of Eċġlāf, masc. 1808b. heht: see 1807a. sweord: neut. acc.sg., ‘sword’. niman: st.4, to take. 1809a. lēoflīċ: neut. acc.sg. adj., precious. īren: neut. acc.sg., ‘iron’-sword. 1809b. sæġde: pret. 3sg. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’. him: ‘him’: dat. þæs: of that: neut. gen.sg. l[ǣ]nes: gen.sg. of lǣ n, neut., ‘loan’; MS leanes (neut., ‘gift’; so Klaeber and Dobbie, but Jack ‘reward’, M & R ‘(temporary) gift’); emended by Müllenhoff; so Wrenn. þanc: acc.sg. masc., ‘thanks’. 1810a. cwæð: pret. 3sg. of cweðan, st.5, to speak, say. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. gūðwine: masc. acc.sg., ‘war-friend’, i.e. sword. 1810b. gōdne: masc. acc.sg. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. tealde: pret. 3sg. of tellan, wk.1, to consider. 1811a. wīġ-cræftiġne: masc. acc.sg. of wīġ-cræ ftiġ, adj., ‘battle-strong’. 1811b. nales: adv., not at all. wordum: instr.-dat.pl. of word, neut., ‘word’. lōg: pret. 3sg. of lēan, st.6, to blame. 1812a. mēċes: gen.sg. of mēċe, masc., sword. eċġe: acc.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’. 1812b. þæt: ‘that’. mōdiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., courageous. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., man. 1813a. þā: adv., then. sīð-frome: masc. nom.pl. of sīð-from, adj. eager to depart. 1813b. searwum: dat.pl. of searo, neut., war-gear. ġearwe: adj., masc. nom.pl. of ġearo, equipped. 1814a. wīġend: masc. nom.pl., warrior. wǣron: see 1804a. 1814b. ēode: pret. 3sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. weorð: adj., masc. nom.sg., dear (one). Denum: dat. of Dene. 1815a. æþeling: masc. nom.sg., prince. yppan: dat.sg. of yppe, wk. fem., high seat [cf. up]. 1815b. þǣr: rel. adv., where. se: the: masc. nom.sg. ōþer: adj., other (one). 1816a. h[æ]le: masc. nom.sg., hero; MS helle; emended by Kemble. hilde-dēor: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-brave’. 1816b. Hrōðgār: acc. grētte: pret. 3sg. of grētan, wk.1, to ‘greet’.

153

XXVI

XXVI・ Bēowulf maþelode, bearn Eċġþēowes:

 べーオウルフは語った、 エッジセーオウの息子は：

“Nū wē sǣ-līðend seċġan wyllað

『今や我ら海の旅人は、 申し上げたいのです、

feorran cumene, þæt wē fundiaþ 1820

Hiġelāc sēċan. Wǣron hēr tela,

遠方より来たれる者らは、 気が急いていますと、 1820

ヒュエラークを訪れたく。 ここでは手厚く、

willum bewenede; þū ūs wēl dohtest.

快く面倒を見て頂いた； 殿は私どもを厚遇されました。

Ġif iċ þonne on eorþan ōwihte mæġ

もし私が今後この世で さらにいくばくたりと

þīnre mōd-lufan māran tilian,

あなたの愛情を 勝ち得ることが可能であれば、

gumena dryhten, ðonne iċ ġӯt dyde,

人々の王よ、 これまで得た以上に、

1825

gūð-ġeweorca, iċ bēo ġearo sōna.

170r

Ġif iċ þæt ġe|friċġe ofer flōda begang,

もし私が耳にしましたら 広い海を越えて

þæt þeċ ymbsittend eġesan þӯwað,

近隣の国があなたを ひどく脅かしていると、

swā þeċ hetende hwīlum dydon,

敵が以前貴方を 時折そうしたように、

iċ ðē þūsenda þeġna bringe,

私は殿のところへ幾千の 家来を連れて参ります、

1830

hæleþa tō helpe. Iċ on Hiġelāce wāt,

1825

1830

戦の働きによって、 私は飛んで参ります。

武士らの助太刀に。 私はヒュエラークのことは知ってます、

1817. Bēowulf maþelode bearn Eċġþēowes: see 1651, etc. 1818a. Nū: adv., ‘now’. sǣ-līðend: masc. nom.pl., ‘sea-farer’. 1818b. seċġan: wk.3, to ‘say’. wyllað: pres. 1pl. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to wish. 1819a. feorran: adv., from afar. cumene: comers: masc. nom.pl., pp. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 1819b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. fundiaþ: pres. 1pl. of fundian, wk.2, to desire. 1820a. sēċan: wk.1, to go, visit [seek]. 1820b. Wǣron: ‘were’: pret. 1pl. of wesan, st. 5, to ‘be’. hēr: adv., ‘here’. tela: adv., ‘well’. 1821a. willum: dat.pl. of willa, wk. masc., pleasure, delight. bewenede: pp. nom.pl. of be-wennan, wk.1, to attend to. 1821b. ūs: ‘us’: dat. wēl: adv., ‘well’. dohtest: pret. 2sg. of pret.-pres., *dugan,, to treat well; w.dat. 1822a. Ġif: conj., ‘if’. þonne: adv., therefore. eorþan: dat.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the ‘earth’. 1822b. ōwihte: dat.sg. of ō-wiht, fem., anything; ō- = ā gives a sense of indefiniteness [whit]. mæġ: ‘may’, can: pres. 1sg. 1823a. þīnre: ‘thy, thine’: fem. gen. mōd-lufan: gen.sg. of mōdlufu, wk. fem., ‘mind’s love’. 1823b. māran: fem. gen.sg. of māra, greater, ‘more’. tilian: wk.2, to earn; w.gen. 1824a. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. dryhten: voc.sg., masc., lord. 1824b. ðonne: conj., ‘than’. ġӯt: adv., ‘yet’, still. dyde: pret. 1sg. of dōn, anom.; the pro-verb of tilian. 1825a. gūð-ġeweorca: gen.pl. of gūðġeweorc, neut., ‘war-work (= deed)’. 1825b. bēo: 1sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’; with future sense ‘shall be’. ġearo: adj., ready. sōna: adv., immediately [soon]. 1826a. þæt (…þæt): it (…that). ġefriċġe: pres. 1sg. of ġefriċġan, st.5, to hear of. 1826b. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. flōda: gen.pl. of flōd, masc., ‘flood’. begang: masc. acc.sg., expanse. 1827a. þeċ: = þē: ‘thee’: acc. ymb-sittend: (pres. part.) masc. nom.pl., neighbouring people. 1827b. eġesan: dat.sg. of eġesa, wk. masc., horror [awe]; (adverbially) severely. þӯwað: pres. 3pl. of þȳwan, þēon, wk.1, to threaten. 1828a. swā: conj., as. þeċ: see 1827a. hetende: nom.pl. of hettend, masc., enemy [cf. hate]. 1828b. hwīlum: formerly: dat.pl. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’, time. dydon: pret. 3pl. of dōn, anom., to ‘do’. 1829a. þūsenda: acc.pl. of þūsend, neut., ‘thousand’. 1829b. þeġna: gen.pl. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’. bringe: pres. 1sg. of bringan, wk.1, to ‘bring’. 1830a. hæleþa: gen.pl. of hæ leð, masc., man, warrior. tō: prep., w.dat., as. helpe: dat.sg. of help, fem, ‘help’. 1830b. on: prep., as for. Hiġelāce: dat. wāt: pres. 1sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know [wit].

154

1835

1840

Ġēata dryhten, þēah ðe hē ġeong s[īe],

イェーアタスの王のことは、 彼は若年ですが

folces hyrde, þæt hē meċ fremman wile

国民の守護者は、 彼が私を支援してくれることを

w[or]dum ond w[eo]rcum, þæt iċ þē wēl heriġe

言葉と行ないによって、 私が殿に敬意を表し、

ond þē tō ġēoce gār-holt bere,

殿を助けるために 槍の部隊を率いるように、

mæġenes fultum, þǣr ðē bið manna þearf.

1835

助力になるものを、 もし人手が殿に必要あれば。

Ġif him þonne Hrēþr[īċ] tō hofum Ġēata

他方、もしフレースリーチが イェーアタスの宮殿に

ġeþinge[ð] þēodnes bearn, hē mæġ þǣr fela

王のご子息が行く気になられたら、 彼はそこに多くの

frēonda findan: feor-cӯþðe bēoð

友人を見つけられることでしょう； 遠い外国は

sēlran ġesōhte þǣm þe him selfa dēah.”

訪れられる方がよいのです、 自ら助くる人によって』

Hrōðgār maþelode him on andsware:

1840

“Þē þā word-cwydas wiġtiġ Drihten

フロースガールは述べた 彼に答えて： 『こうした言葉を 賢明なる主が

on sefan sende: ne hӯrde iċ snotorlīcor

お主の心に送り給うたのだ； わしは聞いたことがない、 これほどの分別を持って

1831a. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas,. dryhten: masc. acc.sg., ruler, king. 1831b. þēah ðe: conj., ‘though’; with subj. ġeong: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘young’. s[īe]: pres. subj. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’; MS sy; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 1832a. folces: gen.sg. of folc, neut., ‘folk’, people. hyrde: masc. nom.sg., guardian [herd]. 1832b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. meċ: = mē: ‘me’: acc. fremman: wk.1, to support. wile: ‘will’: pres. 3sg. of willan, anom. 1833a. w[or]dum: dat.pl. of word, neut. w[eo]rcum: dat.pl. of weorc, neut., ‘work’, deed; MS weordum 7 worcum; emended by Thorpe; Dobbie insists that ‘no emendation of weorcum is necessary’ (p. 209). 1833b. þæt: conj., so that (subj.). wēl: adv., ‘well’. heriġe: pres. subj. 1sg. of herian, wk.1, to honour. 1834a. þē: ‘thee’: poss. dat. tō: prep., w.dat., for, as. ġēoce: dat.sg. of ġēoc, fem., help. 1834b. gār-holt: neut. acc.sg., ‘spear-forest’, a large army (M & R, p. 109). bere: pres. subj. 1sg. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 1835a. mæġenes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., strength. fultum: masc. acc.sg., help. 1835b. þǣr: rel. adv., wherever, whenever. ðē: ‘thee’: dat. bið: ‘shall be’: pres. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’,. manna: gen.pl. of man(n) masc., ‘man’. þearf: fem. nom.sg., need. 1836a. Ġif: ‘if ’: conj. him: ‘him’: dat. þonne: adv., on the other hand. Hrēþr[īc]: masc. nom., son of Hrothgar; MS hreþrinc: emended by Grundtvig. 1836b. hofum: dat.pl. of hof, neut., court [G. Hof]. Ġēata: see 1831a. 1837a. ġeþinge[ð]: pres. 3sg. of ġeþingan, wk.1, to determine (to go); w. omission of the verb of motion; MS geþinged; emended by Grein. þēodnes: gen.sg. of þēoden, masc., king. bearn: neut. / masc. nom.sg., child. 1837b. mæġ: ‘may’, can: pres. 3sg.; implies future possibility (Ogawa, 1989, p. 24). þǣr: ‘there’. fela: adj., many; w.gen. 1838a. frēonda: gen.pl. of frēond, masc., ‘friend’. findan: st.3, to ‘find’. 1838b. feor-cӯþðe: nom.pl. of feor-cȳþð(u), fem., ‘far country’. bēoð: pres. 3pl. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. 1839a. sēlran: fem. nom.pl. of sēlra, compar., better. ġesōhte: pp. fem. nom.pl. of ġesēċan, w.1, to ‘seek’ out, visit. 1839b. þǣm þe: rel. pron., for or by him who. him selfa: ‘himself ’. selfa: wk. masc. nom.sg. of self, refl., ‘self’; him = hē?. dēah: pres. 3sg. of *dugan, pret.-pres., to succeed, prevail. 1840b. him: ‘him’: dat. on: prep., w.acc., in. andsware: acc.sg. of and-swaru, fem., ‘answer’. 1841a. Þē: ‘thee’: poss. dat. þā: the, those: acc.pl. word-cwydas: acc.pl. of word-cwide, masc., ‘word-speech’. 1841b. wiġtiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., wise. Drihten: masc. nom., the Lord. 1842a. on: prep., into. sefan: acc.sg. of sefa, wk. masc., mind. sende: pret. 3sg. of sendan, wk.1, to ‘send’. 1842b. hӯrde: pret. 1sg. of hȳran, wk.1, to ‘hear’ of; w.acc. & inf. snotorlīcor: compar. of snotorlīċe, adv., wisely.

155

1845

on swā ġeongum feore guman þingian.

こんな若い年の 人が話すのを。

Þū eart mæġenes strang, ond on mōde frōd,

お主は力が強く そして心には分別があり、

wīs word-cwida! Wēn iċ taliġe,

1845

言葉には賢さがある。 わしはありそうなことに思う、

ġif þæt ġegangeð, þæt ðe gār nymeð,

もし起これば、 槍が奪うことが、

hild heoru-grimme Hrēþles eaferan,

激しい戦が フレーゼルの息子 (Hy) の命を、

ādl oþðe īren ealdor ðīnne,

病や刃が お主の主君の、

1849

folces hyrde, ond þū þīn feorh hafast,

国民の守護者の、 そしてお主がその命を保つことが、

170v

þæt þe |Sǣ-Ġēatas sēlran næbban

1855

1850 「海の」イェーアタスは お主以上の適任者を持てないことは、

tō ġeċēosenne cyning ǣniġne,

選ぶに際し 誰か王を、

hord-weard hæleþa, ġyf þū healdan wylt

武士らの宝の守護者を、 もしお主に治める気があらば、

māga rīċe. Mē þīn mōd-sefa

血族の国を。 お主の人柄はわしには

līcað lenġ swā wēl, lēofa Bēowulf.

時経て益々気に入るじゃろう、  親愛なるベーオウルフよ。

Hafast þū ġefēred, þæt þām folcum sċeal,

1855

Ġēata lēodum ond Gār-Denum,

お主はもたらしたのだ、 両民族に、 イェーアタスの国民と 「槍の」デネの国民に、

1843a. on: prep., in. swa: adv., ‘so’. ġeongum: masc. dat.sg. of ġeong, adj., ‘young’. feore: dat.sg. of feorh, neut., life, age. 1843b. guman: acc.sg. of guma, wk. masc., man. þingian: wk.2, to speak. 1844a. eart: ‘(thou) art’: pres. 2sg. mæġenes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., strength [main]; gen. of respect. strang: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘strong’. 1844b. mōde: dat.sg. of mōd, neut., mind [mood]. frōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., wise. 1845a. wīs: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘wise’. word-cwida: gen.pl. of word-cwide, masc., ‘word-speech’. 1845b. Wēn: fem. acc.sg., expectation. taliġe: pres. 1sg. of talian, wk.2, to maintain. 1846a. þæt (…þæt ðe): it (…that). ġegangeð: pres. 3sg. of ġegangan, st.7, to happen. 1846b. gār: masc. nom.sg., spear. nymeð: pres. 3sg. of niman, st.4, to carry off (life). 1847a. hild: fem. nom.sg., battle. heoru-grimme: wk. fem. nom.sg. of heoru-grim, adj., ‘sword-grim’, savage. 1847b. Hrēþles: gen. of Hrēþel. eaferan: acc.sg. of eafora, wk. masc., son. 1848a. ādl: fem. nom.sg., disease. oþðe: conj., or. īren: neut. nom.sg., ‘iron’-sword. 1848b. ealdor: masc. acc.sg., lord, prince. ðīnne: ‘thy, thine’: masc. acc.sg. 1849a. folces: gen.sg. of folc, neut., nation. hyrde: masc. acc.sg., guardian. 1849b. þīn: neut. acc.sg.; see 1848b. feorh: neut. acc.sg., life. hafast: (thou) ‘hast’: pres. 2sg. of habban, wk.3, to hold, keep. 1850a. þæt þe: conj., that; introduces the appositive clause amplifying Wēn. Sǣ-Ġēatas: masc. nom.pl., ‘Sea-Geatas’. 1850b. sēlran: masc. acc.sg., compar. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. næbban: = ne hæ bban: ‘have not’: pres. 3pl. 1851a. ġeċēosenne: ger. of ġeċēosan, st.2, to ‘choose’. 1851b. cyning: masc. acc.sg., ‘king’. ǣniġne: masc. acc.sg. of ǣ niġ, adj., ‘any’. 1852a. hord-weard: masc. acc.sg., ‘hoard-ward’, king. hæleþa: gen.pl. of hæ leð, masc., warrior. 1852b. ġyf: conj., ‘if ’. 1852b. healdan: st.7, to ‘hold’, keep. wylt: ‘(thou) wilt’. 1853a. māga: gen.pl. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman. rīċe: neut. acc.sg., kingdom [G. Reich]. 1853b. Mē: ‘me’: dat. þīn: ‘thy, thine’: masc. nom.sg. mōd-sefa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘mind-heart’. 1854a. līcað: pres. 3sg. of līcian, wk.2, to please. lenġ: compar. of longe, adv., ‘long’. swā: adv., ‘so’. wēl: adv., ‘well’. 1854b. lēofa: wk. voc. sg. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved. 1855a. Hafast: (thou) ‘hast’: aux. ġefēred: pp. of ġefēran, wk.1, to bring about; with þæ t-clause as object. 1855b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. þām: the, that: dat.pl. folcum: dat.pl. of folc, neut., nation. sċeal: ‘shall’; pres. 3sg.; signifies future. 1856a. Ġēata: gen. lēodum: dat. of lēode, masc. pl., people. 1856b. Gār-Denum: dat. of Gār-Dene.

156

1860

1865

sib ġemǣn[e], ond sacu restan,

平和が共有され そして争いが、終息する未来を、

inwit-nīþas, þē hīe ǣr drugon;

敵対行為が、 彼らがこれまで行なってきた；

wesan, þenden iċ wealde wīdan rīċes,

またわしが支配している間は、 広い王国を、

māþmas ġemǣne; maniġ ōþerne

1860

宝は両方に分配されるだろう； 多くの者が互いに

gōdum ġegrēttan ofer ganotes bæð;

贈物をもって挨拶するであろう 鰹鳥の浴場〔海〕を渡って；

sċeal hring-naca ofer hea[f]u bringan

環形の船首もつ船が 海を越えてもたらすだろう、

lāc ond luf-tācen. Iċ þā lēode wāt

贈物と友愛の印を。  わしは承知しているこれらの国民が

ġē wið fēond ġē wið frēond fæste ġeworhte,

敵味方に対しても しっかり心構えができているのを、

ǣġhwæs untǣle ealde wīsan.”

1865

万事非のうち所がなく、 古来の作法通りに』

Ðā ġīt him eorla hlēo inne ġesealde,

更に貴人らの守護者は彼に （広間の）中にて与えて、

mago Healfdenes māþmas xii,

ヘアルフデネの息子は 12 の宝を、

hēt [h]i[n]e mid þǣm lācum lēode swǣse

彼に命じた、これらの贈物を持ちて 懐かしき故国を

sēċean on ġesyntum, snūde eft cuman.

無事に訪れ、 速やかに再訪するように。

1857a. sib: fem. nom.sg., peace. ġemǣn[e]: adj., fem. nom.sg., mutual, shared [G. gemein]; ‘be’ should be supplied; MS gemæ num; emended by Sievers. 1857b. sacu: fem. nom.sg., strife, conflict. restan: wk.1, inf., to ‘rest’; follows sċeal in 1855b. 1858a. inwit-nīþas: nom.pl. of inwit-nīð, masc., ‘evil hostility’. 1858b. þē: rel. particle, which, that. hīe: they. ǣr: adv., before. drugon: pret. 3pl. of drēogan, st.2, to do, perform. 1859a. wesan: st.5, inf., to be; sċulon from sċeal in 1855b should be supplied. þenden: conj., while. wealde: pres. 1sg. of wealdan, st.7, to rule; w.gen. 1859b. wīdan: wk. neut. gen.sg. of wīd, adj., ‘wide’. rīċes: gen.sg. of rīċe, neut., kingdom. 1860a. māþmas: nom.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. ġemǣne: adj., masc. nom.pl.; see 1857a. 1860b. maniġ: masc. nom.sg., ‘many’ (people). ōþerne: masc. acc.sg. of ōðer, ‘other’. 1861a. gōdum: dat.pl. of gōd, neut., gifts. ġegrēttan: = ġegrētan: wk.1, inf., to ‘greet’; follows sċeal in 1855b. 1861b. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. ganotes: gen.sg. of ganot, masc., ‘gannet’, sea-bird. bæð: neut. acc.sg., ‘bath’. 1862a. sċeal: ‘shall’: pres. 3sg. hring-naca: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘ring-prowed ship’. 1862b. ofer: see above. hea[f]u: acc.pl. of hæ f, neut., sea; MS .ea þu, A, B hea þu; emended by Kluge; M & R retain A, B and translate ‘after the war’. bringan: wk.1, to ‘bring’. 1863a. lāc: neut. acc.pl., gift, present. luf-tacen: neut. acc.pl., ‘love-token’. 1863b. þā: the, those: masc. acc.pl. lēode: masc. acc.pl., people. wāt: pres. 1sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know. 1864a. ġē...ġē: conj., correl., both...and. wið: prep., w.acc., against,. fēond: masc. acc.sg., enemy [fiend]. frēond: masc. acc.sg., ‘friend’. 1864b. fæste: adv., ‘fast’, firmly. ġeworhte: disposed: pp. masc. acc.pl. of ġewyrċan, wk.1, to perform. 1865a. ǣġhwæs: (adverbially) in every way: gen.sg. of ǣ ġhwæ t, neut., everything. un-tǣle: adj. masc. acc.pl., blameless. 1865b. ealde: fem. acc.sg. of eald, ‘old’. wīsan: acc.sg. of wīse, wk. fem., way, tradition [-wise]. 1866a. Ðā: adv., then. ġīt: adv., ‘yet’, still. him: ‘him’: dat. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman [earl]. hlēo: masc. nom.sg., protector. 1866b. inne: adv., inside. ġesealde: pret. 3sg. of ġesellan, wk.1, to present [sell]. 1867a. mago: masc. nom.sg., son. Healfdenes: gen. 1867b. māþmas: acc.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. xii: twelve. 1868a. hēt: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order; w.acc. & inf. [h]i[n]e: ‘him’: acc.; MS inne, inside; emended by Thorpe. mid: prep., with. þǣm: the, those: dat.pl. lācum: dat.pl. of lāc, neut., gift, present. 1868b. lēode: masc. acc.pl., people. swǣse: masc. acc.pl. of swǣ s, adj., close, own. 1869a. sēċean: wk.1, to visit. on: prep. in. ġesyntum: dat.pl. of ġesynto, fem. nom.sg., safety. 1869b. snūde: adv., quickly. eft: adv., back. cuman: st.4, to ‘come’.

157

1870

Ġecyste þā, cyning æþelum gōd,

1870

それから王はキスをした、 血筋貴き方は、

þēoden Sċyldinga, ðeġn betstan

シュルディンガスの支配者は この上なく優れた武士に

ond be healse ġenam; hruron him tēaras

そして首をしっかり抱き締めた； 涙が彼から流れた、

blonden-feaxum. Him wæs bēġa wēn

白髪の人から。 彼には二つの思いがあった、

171r

ealdum in|frōdum, ōþres swīðor,

老賢者には、 その一つの方が起こりそうだった、

1875

þæt h[ī]e seoðða[n] [nō] ġesēon mōston,

1880

1875

彼らは今後二度と 会うことはないだろうという、

mōdiġe on meþle. Wæs him se man tō þon lēof,

勇者同士が会見の席で。  この男子は彼にはいと愛しく

þæt hē þone brēost-wylm forberan ne mehte;

彼は波立つ胸の思いを 抑えることができなかった；

ac him on hreþre hyġe-bendum fæst

そして彼の胸の中では 心の絆で強く結ばれた

æfter dēorum men dyrne langað

いとしい男子に対する 密かな憧れが

beorn wið blōde. Him Bēowulf þanan,

1880

血潮に燃えた。 ベーオウルフはそこから、

gūð-rinc gold-wlanc, græs-moldan træd,

黄金で飾られた武士は 芝生の上を歩いた、

since hrēmiġ. Sǣ-genġa bād

宝物に歓喜して。 海行く船は待っていた

1870a. Ġecyste: pret. 3sg. of ġecyssan, wk.1, to ‘kiss’. þā: adv., then. 1870b. cyning: nom., ‘king’. æþelum: dat. of æ þelu, neut. pl., nobility. gōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘good’. 1871a. þēoden: masc. nom.sg., king. Sċyldinga: gen. 1871b. ðeġn: masc. acc.sg., ‘thane’. betstan: wk. masc. acc.sg. of bet(o)st, ‘best’. 1872a. be: prep., ‘by’. healse: dat.sg. of heals, masc., neck. ġenam: pret. 3sg. of ġeniman, st.4, to take. 1872b. hruron: pret. 3pl. of hrēosan, st.2, to fall. him: ‘him’: dat. tēaras: nom.pl. of tēar, masc., ‘tear’. 1873a. blonden-feaxum: masc. dat.sg. of blondenfeax, adj., ‘grey-haired’ (one). 1873b. Him: ‘him’: dat. bēġa: neut. gen. of bēġen, both. wēn: fem. nom.sg., expectation. 1874a. ealdum: masc. dat.sg. of eald, adj., ‘old’. infrōdum: dat.sg. of infrōd, adj., old and wise. 1874b. ōþres: neut. gen.sg. of ōðer, adj., second, another; parallel to bēġa. swīðor: more especially, rather; compar. of swīðe, adv., very, much. 1875a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. h[ī]e: they: MS he; emended by Grundtvig. seoðða[n]: adv., afterwards, hereafter; MS seoðða.; restored by Thorkelin in his edition. [nō]: adv., not at all, never; no gap MS; restored by Klaeber; cf. Wrenn nā following Bugge. 1875b. ġesēon: st.5, to ‘see’. mōston: pret. subj. 3pl. of mōtan, pret.-pres., to have opportunity. 1876a. mōdiġe: masc. nom.pl. of mōdiġ, adj., brave. on: prep., in, at. meþle: dat. sg. of meþel, neut., meeting. 1876b. him: ‘him’: dat. se: the, that. man: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. tō þon (...þæt): to that degree, so (...that). þon: the, that: neut. instr.sg. lēof: adj., masc. nom.sg., dear. 1877a. þone: the, that: acc. brēost-wylm: masc. acc.sg., ‘breast-welling’, emotion. 1877b. forberan: st.4, to ‘forbear’. mehte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 1878a. ac: conj., (not...) but. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. on: prep., in. hreþre: dat.sg. of hreðer, neut., heart. 1878b. hyġe-bendum: dat.pl. of hyġe-bend, fem., ‘mind-bond’, heart strings. fæst: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘fast’, firm; modifies langað. 1879a. æfter: prep., for. dēorum: masc. dat.sg. of dēore, adj., ‘dear’, beloved. men: dat.sg. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 1879b. dyrne: adj., masc. nom.sg., secret. langað: masc. nom.sg., longing. 1880a. beorn: pret. 3sg. of byrnan, st.3, to ‘burn’. wið: prep., with. blōde: dat.sg. of blōd, neut., ‘blood’. 1880b. Him: ‘him’: refl. dat. þanan: adv., ‘thence’. 1881a. gūð-rinc: masc. nom.sg., ‘war-man’. gold-wlanc: adj., ‘gold-proud’, splendidly adorned with gold. 1881b. græs-moldan: acc.sg. of græ s-molde, wk. fem., ‘grass-molde’, greensward. træd: pret. 3sg. of tredan, st.5, to ‘tread’. 1882a. since: dat.sg. of sinc, neut., treasure. hrēmiġ: adj., exulting; w.dat. 1882b. Sǣ-genġa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘sea-goer’, ship. bād: pret. 3sg. of bīdan, st.1, to wait.

158

1885

āge[n]d-frē[ġe]an, sē þe on ancre rād.

船主を、 それは錨に繋がれていた。

Þā wæs on gange ġifu Hrōðgāres

かくして航海中は フロースガールの贈物は

oft ġeæhted; þæt wæs ān cyning,

1885

しばしば賛美された； それは並ぶ者なき王だった 

ǣġhwæs orleahtre, oþ þæt hine yldo benam

万事非のうち所のない、 老齢が彼から 

mæġenes wynnum, sē þe oft maneġum sċōd.

力の喜びを奪うまで； 老齢は多くの者に害をなした。

1883a. āge[n]d-frē[ġe]an: gen.sg. of āgend-frē[ġe]a, wk. masc., ‘owner-lord’; MS agedfrean; āge[n]d, emended by Kemble and frē[ġe]an, expanded by Wrenn for metre. 1883b. sē þe: rel. pron., masc. nom.sg., who; its antecedent is Sǣ -genġa. ancre: dat.sg. of ancor, masc., ‘anchor’. rād: pret. 3sg. of rīdan, st.1, to ride at anchor. 1884a. Þā: adv., then. on: prep., ‘on’. gange: dat.sg. of gang, masc., going. 1884b. ġifu: fem. nom.sg., gift. Hrōðgāres: gen. of Hrōðgār. 1885a. oft: adv., ‘often’. ġeæhted: pp. of eahtian, wk.2, to praise. 1885b. þæt: ‘that’, it: neut. nom. ān: adj., unique, peerless. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 1886a. ǣġhwæs: in every way; see 1865a. orleahtre: adj., masc. nom.sg., blameless. 1886b. oþ þæt: conj., until. hine: ‘him’: acc. yldo: wk. fem. nom.sg., old age. benam: pret. 3sg. of be-niman, st.4, to deprive of, take from; w.dat. (wynnum). 1887a. mæġenes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., might, strength [main]. wynnum: dat.pl. of wyn(n), fem., joy, delight. 1887b. sē þe: rel. pron., which; its antecedent is yldo, fem.; the personified old age will be a masculine figure (see M & R, p. 110). oft: see 1885a. maneġum: masc. dat.sg. of maniġ, adj., many (a person). sċōd: pret. 3sg. of sċeþðan, st.6, to injure, harm; w.dat.

159

XXVII

・XXVII・

CWŌM þā tō flōde fela-mōdiġra,

やがて海に着いた 非常に勇敢な

hæġ-stealdra [hēap]; hring-net bǣron 1890

171v

1895

1900

若武者の一団は； 彼らは鎖鎧を運んだ、

locene leoðo-syrċan. Land-weard onfand

1890

編み合わされた長鎧を。 沿岸警備の武士は気づいた

eft-sīð eorla, swā hē ǣr dyde;

貴人らの帰り旅に、 以前気づいたように；

nō hē mid hearme of hlīðes nosan

彼は決して侮辱の言葉で 崖の岬より

|gæs[tas] grētte, ac him tōġēanes rād,

客人に呼びかけることなく 彼らの方に馬を進めた；

cwæð þæt wilcuman Wedera lēodum

彼は言った、歓迎される方々が ウェデラスの国民に、

sċaþan sċīr-hame tō sċipe fōron.

1895

輝く武具を身に纏った戦士らが、 船に戻られたと。

Þā wæs on sande sǣ-ġēap naca

その時浜辺の砂の上には 幅広の船は

hladen here-wǣdum hringed-stefna,

戦衣を積まれていた、 環形の船首をもつ船は、

mēarum ond māðmum; mæst hlīfade

馬と宝を； マストが聳えていた

ofer Hrōðgāres hord-ġestrēonum.

フロースガールの 財宝の上に。

Hē þǣm bāt-wearde bunden golde

1900

彼 (B) はかの船の番人に 金巻きの

1888a. CWŌM: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. þā: adv., then. flōde: dat.sg. of flōd, masc., ‘flood’, sea. 1888b. fela-mōdiġra: masc. gen.pl. of fela-mōdiġ, adj., ‘very brave’. 1889a. hæġ-stealdra: masc. gen.pl. of hæ ġsteald, adj., ‘of young men (dwelling in hedged small house)’ [hay; G. Hagestolz]. [hēap]: masc. nom.sg., band, troop; no gap in MS; supplied by Grein. 1889b. hring-net: neut. acc.pl., ‘ring-net’, coat of mail. bǣron: pret. 3pl. of beran, st.4, to carry. 1890a. locene: pp. fem. acc.pl. of lūcan, st.2, to ‘lock’, interlace, weave. leoðo-syrċan: acc. pl. of leoðo-syrċe, wk. fem., ‘limb-sark’, long coat of mail; cf. 1505a. 1890b. Land-weard: masc., ‘land-ward’, coast-guard. onfand: pret. 3sg. of on-findan, st.3, to ‘find’. 1891a. eft-sīð: masc. acc.sg., ‘back journey’, return. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman. 1891b. swā: conj., just as. ǣr: adv., before. dyde: pret. 3sg. of dōn, anom., to ‘do’. 1892a. nō: adv., never. mid: with. hearme: dat.sg. of hearm, masc., scorn [harm]. 1892b. of: prep., w. dat., from. hlīðes: gen.sg. of hlīð, neut., cliff. nosan: dat.sg. of nose, wk. fem., promontory [nose]. 1893a. gæs[tas]: acc.pl. of gæ st, masc., ‘guest’; MS gæ s..; restored by Grundtvig, but with ne ‘not’. grētte: pret. 3sg. of grētan, wk.1, to ‘greet’. 1893b. ac: conj., (not...) but. him: them: dat. tōġēanes: prep., w.dat., towards. rād: pret. 3sg. of rīdan, st.1, to ‘ride’. 1894a. cwæð: pret. 3sg. of cweðan, st.5, to say. þæt: conj., ‘that’. wilcuman: nom.pl. of wil-cuma, wk. masc., ‘welcome’ (one). 1894b. Wedera: gen. of Wederas, masc. pl., ‘Weather-Geatas’. lēodum: dat.pl. of lēode, masc., people. 1895a. sċaþan: nom.pl. of sċeaða, wk. masc., warrior. sċīr-hame: masc. nom.pl. of sċīr-ham, adj., ‘brightly-armoured’. 1895b. sċipe: dat.sg. of sċip, neut., ‘ship’. fōron: pret. 3pl. of faran, st.6, to ‘fare’. 1896a. Þā: adv., then. sande: dat.sg. of sand, neut., ‘sand’, shore. 1896b. sǣ-ġēap: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘seacurved’, spacious. naca: wk. masc. nom.sg., boat. 1897a. hladen: pp. of hladan, st.6, to load, place. here-wǣdum: dat.pl. of here-wǣ d, fem., ‘war-clothes’. 1897b. hringed-stefna: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘ring- prowed’ ship. 1898a. mēarum: dat.pl. of mearh, masc., horse [mare]. māðmum: dat.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. 1898b. mæst: masc. nom.sg., ‘mast’. hlīfade: pret. 3sg. of hlīfian, wk.2, to tower. 1899a. ofer: prep., w.dat., ‘over’. Hrōðgāres: gen. of Hrōðgār. 1899b. hord-ġestrēonum: dat.pl. of hord-ġestrēon, neut., ‘hoard-wealth’, treasure. 1900a. þǣm: that, the: masc. dat.sg. bāt-wearde: dat.sg. of bāt-weard, masc., ‘boat-ward’. 1900b. bunden: neut. acc.sg., pp. of bindan, st.3, to ‘bind’. golde: neut. instr.-dat.sg. of gold.

160

1905

1910

swurd ġesealde, þæt hē syðþan wæs

剣を与えた、 そのため彼はその後

on meodu-benċe māþm[e] þȳ weorþr[a],

酒宴の席で 宝剣により一層高い名誉を得た、

yrfe-lāfe. Ġewāt him on nac[a]

伝来の品により。 船は出発した、

drēfan dēop wæter, Dena land ofġeaf.

深い海水をかき混ぜて、 デネの地を去った。

Þā wæs be mæste mere-hræġla sum,

1905

やがてマストに 海の衣〔帆〕の一枚が、

seġl sāle fæst; sund-wudu þunede;

帆がしっかり綱で結わえられ； 海木〔船〕は軋んだ；

nō þǣr wēġ-flotan wind ofer ȳðum

そこでは波に浮く船の、 海上の風は、

sīðes ġetwǣfde; sǣ-genġa fōr,

航海を妨げなかった。 海行く船は進んだ、

flēat fāmiġ-heals forð ofer ȳðe,

船首に泡もつ船は進んだ 波を越えて前へ、

bunden-stefna ofer brim-strēamas,

1910

船首が環形の船は 海流を越えて。

þæt hīe Ġēata clifu onġitan meahton,

ついに彼らはイェーアタスの絶壁を 認めることができた、

cūþe næssas; ċēol up ġeþrang

馴染みの岬を； 船は急進した

lyft-ġeswenċed, on lande stōd.

風にあおられて、 陸に乗り上げた。

1901a. swurd: acc.sg. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. ġesealde: pret. 3sg. of ġesellan, wk.1, to give, present as a reward. 1901b. þæt: conj., so that. syðþan: adv., afterwards. 1902a. on: prep., at. meodu-benċe: dat.sg. of medo-benċ, fem., ‘mead-bench’. 1902b. māþm[e]: instr.-dat.sg. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure (sword), gift. þȳ:, the (more), with compar.: neut. instr.sg. weorþr[a]: compar. of weorð, adj., valued, honoured; MS maþma þy weo / ..re, A, B rþre; emended by Thorpe. 1903a. yrfe-lāfe: instr.-dat.sg. of yrfe-lāf, fem., heirloom. 1903b. Ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart, go; w. inf. of verbs of motion and refl. pronoun. him: itself, i.e. the ship: refl. dat. on: adv., ‘on’. nac[a]: wk. masc. nom.sg., ship; MS nacan; emended by Rieger; by this emendation on becomes adv. and can be alliterated. 1904a. drēfan: wk.1, inf., to stir up. dēop: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘deep’. wæter: neut. acc.sg., ‘water’. 1904b. Dena: gen. of Dene. land: neut. acc.sg., ‘land’. ofġeaf: pret. 3sg. of-ġyfan, st.5, to leave. 1905a. Þā: adv., then. be: prep., w.dat., by, near. mæste: dat.sg. of mæ st, masc., ‘mast’. 1905b. mere-hræġla: gen.pl. of merehræ ġl, neut., ‘sea-garment’, sail. sum: ‘some’, one; neut. nom.sg. 1906a. seġl: masc. / neut. nom.sg., ‘sail’. sāle: instr.-dat.sg. of sāl, masc., rope [G. Seil]. fæst: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘fast’, firm. 1906b. sund-wudu: masc. nom.sg., ‘sea-wood’, ship. þunede: pret. 3sg. of þunian, wk.2, to creak. 1907a. nō: adv., not at all, never. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. wēġ-flotan: acc.sg. of wēġ-flota, wk. masc., ‘wave-floater’, ship. 1907b. wind: masc. nom.sg., ‘wind’. ȳðum: dat. pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. 1908a. sīðes: gen.sg. of sīð, masc., journey, voyage. ġetwǣfde: pret. 3sg. of ġetwǣ fan, wk.1, to restrain, hinder; w.acc. of person (weġ-flotan) & w.gen. 1908b. sǣ-genġa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘sea-goer’, ship. fōr: pret. 3sg. of faran, st.6, to ‘fare’, go forth. 1909a. flēat: pret. 3sg. of flēotan, st.2, to ‘float’, sail. fāmiġ-heals: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘foamy-necked’. 1909b. forð: adv., ‘forth’, forward. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’. ȳðe: acc.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. 1910a. bunden-stefna: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘bound (= ornamented)-prowed’ (ship) [stem]. 1910b. brim-strēamas: acc.pl. of brim-strēam, masc., ‘sea-stream’. 1911a. þæt: conj., so that. hīe: they; nom. Ġēata: gen. clifu: acc.pl. of clif, neut., ‘cliff’. 1911b. on-ġitan: st.5, to perceive. meahton: pret. 3pl. of magan, pret.-pres., can, may. 1912a. cūþe: masc. acc.pl. of cūð, pp. and adj., well known. næssas: acc.pl. of næ s, masc., ‘ness’, headland. 1912b. ċēol: masc. nom.sg., ship, sea-going vessel. up: adv., ‘up’, upwards. ġeþrang: pret. 3sg. of ġeþringan, st.3, to press (on). 1913a. lyft-ġeswenċed: adj., pp., masc. nom.sg., ‘air(= wind)-impelled’. 1913b. lande: dat.sg. of land, neut., ‘land’. stōd: pret. 3sg. of standan, st.6, to ‘stand’.

161

172r

Hraþe wæs æt |holme hȳð-weard ġeara,

1915

sē þe ǣr lange tīd lēofra manna

1920

1925

すばやく海に 港湾警備の武士が出迎えた、 1915

彼はもうずっと前から 親愛なる人々を、

fūs æt faroðe feor wlātode.

海の向こうに気がはやり、 遠くを探していた。

Sǣlde tō sande sīd-fæþme sċip

彼は浜に係留した 大きな船を、

onc[er]-bendum fæst, þȳ lǣs hym ȳþa ðrym

錨綱にしっかり結わえて、 彼らから波の力が

wudu wynsuman forwrecan meahte.

喜びの木船を 運び去ることができないように。

Hēt þā ūp beran æþelinga ġestrēon,

1920

その時彼 (B) は運び上げるように命じた 貴人らの宝を、

frætwe ond fǣt-gold; næs him feor þanon

飾り物と金の延べ板を； そこから遠くなかった、彼が

tō ġesēċanne sinces bryttan,

訪れるのに 宝の分配者を、

Hiġelāc Hrēþling, þǣr æt hām wunað

フレーゼルの子ヒュエラークを、 宮殿に住んでおられる所に、

selfa mid ġesīðum sǣ-wealle nēah.

ご自身家臣と共に 岸壁近くに。

Bold wæs betlīċ, brego-rōf cyning,

1925

hēa[h on] healle; Hyġd swīðe ġeong,

館は見事だった、 王は主君らしく勇敢で 広間で意気揚々としていられた； ヒュイドはとても若く、

1914a. Hraþe: adv., quickly. holme: dat.sg. of holm, masc., sea. 1914b. hȳð-weard: masc. nom.sg., ‘harbourguardian’. ġeara: adj., masc. nom.sg., ready. 1915a. sē þe: rel., (he) who. ǣr: adv., before. lange: fem. acc.sg. of long, adj., ‘long’. tīd: fem. acc.sg., time [tide]; adverbial. 1915b. lēofra: masc. gen.pl. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 1916a. fūs: adj., masc. nom.sg., longing. æt: prep., w.dat., ‘at’. faroðe: dat.sg. of faroð, masc. / neut., current, sea. 1916b. feor: adv., ‘far’. wlātode: pret. 3sg. of wlātian, wk.2, to gaze, look out for; w.gen. 1917a. Sǣlde: pret. 3sg. of sǣ lan, wk.1, to bind, moor; cf. sāl ‘rope’. sande: dat.sg. of sand, neut., ‘sand’, shore. 1917b. sīd-fæþme: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘broad-bosomed’, roomy. sċip: neut. acc.sg., ‘ship’. 1918a. onc[er]-bendum: dat.pl. of ancor-bend, fem., ‘anchor-rope’; MS oncear; emended by Grundtvig. fæst: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘fast’, secure. 1918b. þȳ lǣs: conj., lest. þȳ: the: neut. instr.sg. of þæ t. lǣs: ‘less’: compar. of lȳt, neut., ‘little’. hym: them: dat. ȳþa: gen.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. ðrym: masc. nom.sg., force. 1919a. wudu: masc. acc.sg., ship [wood]. wynsuman: wk. masc. acc.sg. of wyn-sum, adj., ‘winsome’, joyous. 1919b. for-wrecan: st.5, to drive away. meahte: pret. subj. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can, may. 1920a. Hēt: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order, command; w. inf. þā: adv., then. ūp: adv., ‘up’. beran: st.4, inf., to carry. 1920b. æþelinga: gen.pl. of æ þeling, masc., hero. ġestrēon: neut. acc.sg. (pl.?), treasure. 1921a. frætwe: fem. acc.pl., ornaments. fǣt-gold: neut. acc.sg., ‘plated gold’. 1921b. næs: ‘was not’. him: ‘him’, i.e. Beowulf: dat. feor: adv., (semi-adj.), ‘far’. þanon: adv., ‘thence’. 1922a. tō: prep., with ger., ‘to’. ġesēċanne: ger. of ġesēċan, wk.1, to visit. 1922b. sinces: gen.sg. of sinc, neut., treasure, jewels. bryttan: wk. masc. acc.sg., distributor. 1923a. Hiġelāc: acc. Hrēþling: masc. acc.sg., son of Hrethel. 1923b. þǣr: rel. adv., the place where. hām: masc. dat.sg., ‘home’. wunað: pres. 3sg. of wunian, wk.2, to dwell; a rare example of the historical present in OE. 1924a. selfa: wk. masc. nom.sg. of self, ‘self ’. mid: prep., w.dat., with. ġesīðum: dat.pl. of ġesīð, masc., retainer, companion. 1924b. sǣ-wealle: dat. sg. of sǣ -weall, masc., ‘sea-wall’. nēah: prep., w.dat., near; postpositioned. 1925a. Bold: neut. nom.sg., building. betlīċ: adj., neut. nom.sg., splendid. 1925b. brego-rōf: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘lord-brave’, very brave. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 1926a. hēa[h: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘high’, exalted. on]: prep., w.dat., in; MS hea; emended by Kock. healle: dat.sg of heal(l), fem., ‘hall’. 1926b. Hyġd: fem. nom.sg., wife of Hygelac. swīðe: adv., very. ġeong: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘young’.

162

1930

wīs wēl-þungen, þēah ðe wintra lȳt

賢く淑やかでおられた、 僅かな年数しか

under burh-locan ġebiden hæbbe,

城中に 住んでおられなかったが、

Hæreþes dohtor; næs hīo hnāh swā þēah,

ハレスの娘は； とはいえ彼女は吝嗇ではなく、

nē tō gnēað ġifa Ġēata lēodum,

1930

贈物を惜しんだりしなかった、 イェーアタスの人々に

māþm-ġestrēona. Mōdþrȳðo wæg,

財宝を。 モードスリューゾは心に懐いた、

fremu folces cwēn, firen’ ondrysne;

国民の立派な王妃は、 恐ろしい罪を；

nǣniġ þæt dorste dēor ġenēþan

いかなる勇敢な者も このことは敢えて行わなかった、

swǣsra ġesīða, nefne sin-frē[ġe]a,

親しき家臣の中の、 彼女の夫を除いては、

1935

þæt hire an dæġes ēagum starede;

172v

ac him wæl-bende |weotode tealde

1935

即ち彼女を昼間 両眼でまともに見ることを； そうした者は死の縛めが 己に定められると思った、

hand-ġewriþene; hraþe seoþðan wæs

（彼女の）手織りの； その後すぐに

æfter mund-gripe mēċe ġeþinged,

捕縛後 刀が用意された、

þæt hit sċeāden-mǣl sċȳran mōste,

錵の浮いた剣が その罪を成敗し

1927a. wīs: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘wise’. wēl-þungen: adj. (pp.), fem. nom.sg., ‘well-accomplished’. 1927b. þēah ðe: conj., though; with subj. wintra: gen.pl. of winter, masc., winter, (pl.) years. lȳt: neut. acc.sg., a few, ‘little’. 1928a. under: prep., inside of. burh-locan: dat.sg. of burh-loca, wk. masc., ‘fortified enclosure’. 1928b. ġebiden: pp. of ġebīdan, st.1, to live through. hæbbe: have: pres. subj. 3sg. 1929a. Hæreþes: gen. of Hæ reð, masc., father of Hygd. dohtor: fem. nom.sg., ‘daughter’. 1929b. næs: was not. hīo: she: fem. nom.sg. hnāh: adj., fem. nom.sg., miserly. swā þēah: adv., however, nevertheless. 1930a. nē: conj., nor. tō: adv., ‘too’. gnēað: adj., fem. nom.sg., niggardly. ġifa: gen.pl. of ġifu, fem., ‘gift’; gen. of respect. 1930b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. lēodum: dat.pl. of lēode, pl., people. 1931a. māþm-ġestrēona: gen.pl. of māþm-ġestrēon, neut., ‘treasure-wealth’; gen. of respect. 1931b. Mōdþrȳðo: fem. nom.sg., wife of the Angles’ king Offa; see Com. wæg: pret. 3sg. of wegan, st.5, to have (feelings). 1932a. fremu: fem. nom.sg. of freme, adj., excellent. folces: gen.sg. of folc, neut., ‘folk’. cwēn: fem. nom.sg., ‘queen’. 1932b. firen’: = firene: fem. acc.sg., crime, sin. on-drysne: adj., fem. acc.sg., terrible. 1933a. nǣniġ: no (one): nom.sg.; modifies dēor. þæt: it: neut. acc.; correl. with þæ t in 1935a. dorste: pret. 3sg. of *durran, pret.-pres., dare. 1933b. dēor: adj., masc. nom.sg., bold (one); subject. ġenēþan: wk.1, to venture. 1934a. swǣsra: adj., masc. gen. pl. of swǣ s, dear. ġesīða: gen.pl. of ġesīð, masc. retainer, companion. 1934b. nefne: conj., except. sin-frē[ġe]a: wk. masc. acc.sg., ‘great lord’, husband; MS sinfrea; expanded by Wrenn. 1935a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hire: ‘her’: fem. dat.sg. of hēo. an: = on: prep. w.dat., ‘on’; postpositioned and bears alliteration. dæġes: gen.sg. of dæ ġ, masc., ‘day’; (adverbially) ‘by day’, i.e. ‘openly’. 1935b. ēagum: dat.pl. of ēage, wk. neut., ‘eye’. starede: pret. 3sg. of starian, wk.2, to ‘stare’; with an ‘on’. 1936a. ac: conj., but. him: ‘him’: dat. wæl-bende: acc.pl. of wæ l-bend, fem., ‘deadly bond’. 1936b. weotode: fem. acc.pl., pp. of weotian, wk.2, to appoint. tealde: pret. 3sg. of tellan, wk.1, to consider [tell]; subject like ‘any who did it’ may be supplied and object is wæ l-bende. 1937a. hand-ġewriþene: fem. acc.pl. of hand-ġewriþen, adj. (pp.), ‘hand-woven’. 1937b. hraþe: adv., quickly. seoþðan: adv., afterwards. 1938a. mund-gripe: masc. dat.sg., ‘hand-grip’. 1938b. mēċe: masc. nom.sg., sword. ġeþinged: fem. acc.pl., pp. of ġeþingan, wk.1, to determine. 1939a. þæt: conj., in order that. hit: ‘it’: acc. sċeāden-mǣl: neut. nom.sg., ‘patternedged sword’. 1939b. sċȳran: wk.1, to settle; the last word copied by Scribe A. mōste: pret. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.pres., might; Scribe B begins here.

163

1940

cwealm-bealu cȳðan. Ne bið swylċ cwēnlīċ þēaw

1940

死の報いを知らしめるために。 王妃にふさわしい習わ しではない、

1945

1950

idese tō efnanne, þēah ðe hīo ǣnlīcu sȳ,

女性がこのようなことをするのは、 たとえ美人であろうとも、

þætte freoðu-webbe fēores onsǣċe

平和の編み手〔女性〕が 命を取るとは

æfter liġe-torne lēofne mannan.

侮辱されたとの思い込み故に、 親しい臣下から。

Hūru þæt onhōhsnod[e] Hem[m]inges mǣġ.

だがこれを止めさせたのだ、  ヘミングの血族の者 (O) が。

Ealo-drincende oðer sǣdan

1945

エールを飲む人々は 別の話を語った：

þæt hīo lēod-bealewa lǣs ġefremede,

彼女は国民に邪悪なことを ずっとしなかった、

inwit-nīða, syððan ǣrest wearð

敵意の悪行を、 彼女が初めて

ġyfen gold-hroden ġeongum cempan,

黄金に飾られて 若武者に与えられた後は、

æðelum dīore, syððan hīo Offan flet

血筋貴き者が、 即ち彼女がオッファの館を

ofer fealone flōd be fæder lāre

1950

sīðe ġesōhte. Ðǣr hīo syððan well

黄緑の海越えて 父の命令に従って 旅して訪れた後は。 そこでは彼女はその後

1940a. cwealm-bealu: neut., acc.sg., ‘deadly evil’. cȳðan: wk.1, to make known, show. 1940b. Ne: adv., not. bið: is; pres. 3sg. of bēon, anom. swylċ: pron., masc. nom.sg., ‘such’. cwēnlīċ: adj., masc. nom.sg., queenly, befitting a queen. þēaw: masc. nom.sg., custom. 1941a. idese: dat.sg. of ides, fem., woman, lady. tō: prep., w. ger., ‘to’. efnanne: ger. of æ fnan, efnan, wk.1, to perform, do. 1941b. þēah ðe: conj., though. hīo: she. ǣnlīcu: fem. nom.sg. of ǣ nlīċ, adj., peerless, beautiful. sȳ: pres. subj. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to be. 1942a. þætte: conj., that. freoðuwebbe: wk. fem. nom.sg., ‘peace-weaver’. 1942b. fēores: gen.sg. of feorh, neut., life. onsǣċe: pres. subj. 3sg. of on-sēċan, wk.1, to deprive; w.acc. of person. & gen. of thing. 1943a. æfter: prep., w.dat., because of. liġe-torne: dat.sg. of liġe-torn, neut., pretended insult or injury. 1943b. lēofne: masc. acc.sg. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved. mannan: acc.sg. of mon(n), man(n), masc., ‘man’.

1944a.

Hūru: adv., however.

þæt: ‘that’, it: acc.sg.

onhōhsnod[e] pret. 3sg. of on-hōhsnian, to check, stop; MS on hohsnod; emended by Thorpe.

1944b.

Hem[m]inges: gen.sg. of Hemming, masc., a kinsman of Offa and Eomer; MS hem ninges; emended by Kemble. mǣġ: masc. nom.sg., kinsman. 1945a. Ealo-drincende: nom.pl. of ealo-drincend, pres. part., ‘ale-drinker’. 1945b. oðer: another, other (one); neut., acc.sg. sǣdan: = sæ ġdon: pret. 3pl. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’. 1946a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hīo: she. lēod-bealewa: gen.pl. of lēod-bealo, neut., people’s pain. 1946b. lǣs: neut. acc.sg., less, compar. of lȳt, ‘little’. ġefremede: pret. 3sg. of ġefremman, wk.1, to do, bring about. 1947a. inwit-nīða: gen.pl. of inwit-nīð, masc., ‘hostile persecution’. 1947b. syððan: conj., ‘since’, after. ǣrest: adv., first: supl. of ǣ r, early. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to be. 1948a. ġyfen: pp. of ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’. gold-hroden: adj. (pp.), fem. nom.sg., ‘goldadorned’. 1948b. ġeongum: masc. dat.sg. of ġeong, adj., ‘young’. cempan: dat.sg. of cempa, wk. masc., warrior, i.e. Offa. 1949a. æðelum: dat. of æ þelu, neut.pl., nobility. dīore: wk. fem. nom.sg. of dēore, adj., excellent. 1949b. syððan: see 1947b. hīo: she. Offan: gen. of Offa, wk. masc., Anglian king. flet: neut., acc.sg., hall; the object of ġesōhte in 1951a. 1950a. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. fealone: masc. acc.sg. of fealu, adj., yellow-green. flōd: masc. acc.sg., ‘flood’, sea. 1950b. be: prep., w.dat., according to, ‘by’. fæder: masc. gen.sg., ‘father’. lāre: dat.sg. of lār, fem., instruction, advice. 1951a. sīðe: dat.sg. of sīð, masc., journey, voyage; ‘with or after the journey’. ġesōhte: pret. 3sg. of ġesēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’, visit. 1951b. Ðǣr: adv., ‘there’. hīo: she. syððan: adv., afterwards. well: adv., ‘well’.

164

1955

173r

1960

in gum-stōle, gōde mǣre,

玉座にて 気前のよさで名を馳せ、

līf-ġesċeafta lifiġende brēac,

定められた寿命を 生きている間享受し、

hīold hēah-lufan wið hæleþa brego,

気高い愛情を懐いた 勇士たちの長 (O) に対し、

ealles mon-cynnes, mīne ġefrǣġe,

1955

即ちすべての人間の中で、 私の聞いた所では、

þ[one] sēlestan bī sǣm twēonum,

最も優れた人に対して、 二つの海の間で、

eormen-cynnes; forðām Offa |wæs

人類の中で。 それ故オッファは

ġeofum ond gūðum, gār-cēne man,

贈物と戦で、 槍に強き者は

wīde ġeweorðod, wīsdōme hēold

広く褒め称えられた； 知恵をもって治めた

ēðel sīnne; þonon [Ē]om[ē]r wōc

1960

自分の祖国を。  そこからエーオメール〔息子〕が生まれた

hæleðum tō helpe, Hem[m]inges mǣġ,

勇士たちの助けとし、 ヘミングの血族の者が、

nefa Gārmundes, nīða cræftiġ.

ガールムンドの孫が、 戦に強き。

1952a. in: prep., w.dat., at, from. gum-stōle: dat.sg. of gum-stōl, masc., ‘man-stool’, throne. 1952b. gōde: instr.dat.sg. of gōd, neut., gifts, ‘good’ deeds. mǣre: adj., fem. nom.sg., notable, famous. 1953a. līf-ġesċeafta: gen.pl. of līf-ġesċeaft, fem., ‘life-fated’; the object of brēac. 1953b. lifiġende: pres. part. of libban, wk.3, to ‘live’; means ‘while living’. brēac: pret. 3sg. of brūcan, st.2, to enjoy; w.gen. 1954a. hīold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’. hēah-lufan: acc.sg. of hēah-lufu, wk. fem., ‘high-love’, great love. 1954b. wið: prep., w.acc., towards. hæleþa: gen.pl. of hæ le, hæ leð, masc., man, warrior. brego: masc. acc.sg., ruler. 1955a. ealles: neut. gen.sg. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’. mon-cynnes: gen.sg. of mon-cynn, neut., ‘mankind’. 1955b. mīne ġefrǣġe: ‘as I have heard tell’.

mīne:

‘my, mine’: neut. instr.sg. of mīn. ġefrǣġe: neut., dat.sg., hearsay. 1956a. þ[one]: the: masc. acc.sg.; MS þæ s; emended by Thorpe. sēlestan: wk. masc. gen.sg. of sēlest, best, supl. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. 1956b. bī: prep., w.dat., ‘by’. sǣm: dat.pl. of sǣ , masc., ‘sea’. twēonum: dat.pl. of twēone, two, between; in the poem, always with be sǣ m, means ‘between the seas’. 1957a. eormen-cynnes: gen.sg. of eormen-cyn, neut., immense race, i.e., the human race. 1957b. forðām: adv., therefore. Offa: nom.sg., king of the Angles. 1958a. ġeofum: dat.pl. of ġifu, fem., ‘gift’. gūðum: dat.pl. of gūð, fem., war, battle. 1958b. gār-cēne: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘spear-keen’, brave. man: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. 1959a. wīde: adv., ‘widely’. ġeweorðod: pp. of weorðian, wk.2, to honour. 1959b. wīsdōme: dat. sg. of wīs-dōm, masc., ‘wisdom’. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, rule. 1960a. ēðel: masc. acc.sg., homeland. sīnne: his: masc. acc.sg. of sīn. 1960b. þonon: adv., ‘thence’. [Ē]om[ē]r: nom.sg., son of king Offa; MS geomor; emended by Thorpe. wōc: pret. 3sg. of wæ cnan, st.6, to be born. 1961a. hæleðum: dat.pl. of hæ leð, masc., man, warrior. tō: prep., w.dat., for, as. helpe: dat.sg. of help, fem., ‘help’. 1961b. Hem[m]inges: gen.sg. of Hemming, masc., kinsman of Offa and Eomer; MS hem inges; emended by Kemble. mǣġ: masc., nom.sg., kinsman. 1962a. nefa: wk. masc. nom.sg., grandson. Gārmundes: gen.sg. of Gārmund, father of Offa. 1962b. nīða: gen.pl. of nīð, masc., war, conflict; gen. of respect. cræftiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., strong, powerful [crafty].

165

XXVIII

XXVIII

1965

1970

1975

ĠEwāt him ðā se hearda mid his hond-sċole

 いよいよ、かの勇士 (B) は出発した 手勢と共に

sylf æfter sande sǣ-wong tredan,

自ら水際にそって 海浜を歩いた、

wīde waroðas. Woruld-candel sċān,

1965

広い海岸を。 世界の蝋燭〔太陽〕が照っていた、

siġel sūðan fūs. Hī sīð drugon,

日が南から盛んに。 彼らが旅を終え、

elne ġeēodon, tō ðæs ðe eorla hlēo,

すばやく進んだ、 貴人の守護者が、

bonan Ongenþēoes burgum in innan,

オンゲンセーオウの殺害者が 城の中で、

ġeongne gūð-cyning gōdne ġefrūnon

若く勇敢な戦の王 (H) が、 彼らが聞き知る所まで、

hringas dǣlan. Hiġelāce wæs

1970

宝環を分配なさると。 ヒュエラークに

sīð Bēowulfes snūde ġecȳðed,

ベーオウルフの帰還が 直ちに知らされた、

þæt ðǣr on worðiġ wīġendra hlēo,

即ちこの城内に 武士たちの守護者 (B) が、

lind-ġestealla, lifiġende cwōm,

戦の友が、 生きて帰ってきたことが、

heaðo-lāces hāl tō hofe gongan.

戦で負傷せず 宮殿に向かって歩いて。

Hraðe wæs ġerȳmed, swā se rīċa bebēad,

1975

すぐさま席が作られた、 強力な方が命じられた通りに、

1963a. ĠEwāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart, go; often w. refl. & verbs of motion; see Com. him: ‘him’: refl. dat. ðā: adv., then. se: the: masc. nom.sg. hearda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of heard, adj., brave (one) [hard]. 1963b. mid: prep., together with. hond-sċole: dat.sg. of hand-sċolu, fem., ‘hand-troop’, companions [shoal]. 1964a. sylf: = self: refl. pron., masc. nom.sg., ‘self ’. æfter: prep., along. sande: dat.sg. of sand, neut., shore [sand]. 1964b. sǣwong: masc. acc.sg., ‘sea-plain’, beach. tredan: st.5, to ‘tread’. 1965a. wīde: masc. acc.pl. of wīd, adj., ‘wide’. waroðas: acc.pl. of waroð, masc., shore. 1965b. Woruld-candel: fem. nom.sg., ‘world-candle’; a kenning for the sun. sċān: pret. 3sg. of sċīnan, st.1, to ‘shine’. 1966a. siġel: neut., the sun. sūðan: adv., from the ‘south’. fūs: neut. nom.sg. adj., eager to set out. 1966b. Hī: they. sīð: masc. acc.sg., voyage. drugon: pret. 3pl. of drēogan, st.2, to do, make (a trip). 1967a. elne: dat.sg. of ellen, neut., courage; (adverbially) vigorously, quickly. ġeēodon: pret. 3pl. of ġegān, anom., to ‘go’. 1967b. tō ðæs ðe, rel. adv. to (the place) where. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman [earl]. hlēo: masc. acc.sg., protector. 1968a. bonan: acc.sg. of bana, wk. masc., killer, i.e. Hygelac, but his thane, Eofor, was an actual killer. Ongenþēoes: gen. of Ongenþēow, masc., Swedish king. 1968b. burgum: dat.pl. of burh, fem., stronghold [borough; G. Burg]. in innan: semi-prep. w.dat., inside. 1969a. ġeongne: masc. acc.sg. of ġeong, adj., ‘young’. gūð-cyning: masc. acc.sg., ‘war-king’. 1969b. gōdne: masc. acc.sg. of gōd, adj., strong, brave. ġefrūnon: pret. 3pl. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to hear of; w.acc. & inf. 1970a. hringas: acc.pl. of hring, masc., ‘ring’. dǣlan: wk.1, to ‘deal’, distribute. 1970b. Hiġelāce: dat. of Hiġelāc, king of the Geatas. 1971a. sīð: masc. nom.sg.; see 1966b. Bēowulfes: gen. of Bēowulf. 1971b. snūde: adv., quickly. ġecӯðed: pp. of ġecȳðan, wk.1, to make known. 1972a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ðǣr: adv., ‘there’. on: prep. w.acc., into. worðiġ: masc. acc.sg., court. 1972b. wīġendra: gen.pl. of wīġend, masc., warrior. hlēo: see 1967b. 1973a. lind-ġestealla: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘shield-retainer’. 1973b. lifiġende: pres. part. of libban wk.3, to ‘live’. cwōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 1974a. heaðo-lāces: gen.sg. of heaðo-lāc, neut., ‘battle-play’, fight. hāl: adj., masc. nom.sg., unhurt, ‘whole’. 1974b. hofe: dat.sg. of hof, neut., court. gongan: st.7, to ‘go’. 1975a. Hraðe: adv., quickly. ġerӯmed: pp. of ġerȳman, wk.1, to clear. 1975b. swā: conj., just as. se: the: masc. nom.sg. rīċa: wk. masc. nom.sg., of rīċe, adj., mighty [rich]. bebēad: pret. 3sg. of be-bēodan, st. 2, to command.

166

fēðe-ġestum flet innanweard.

徒武者のために 広間の中に。

Ġesæt þā wið sylfne, sē ðā sæċċe ġenæs, 173v

1980

1985

 やがて王自身の向かいに座した、  戦に生き残った者は

mǣġ wið mǣġe, |syððan man-dryhten

血族が血族と向かい合って、 彼が主君に

þurh hlēoðor-cwyde holdne ġegrētte,

礼儀正しい言葉遣いで 優しい方に挨拶した後に、

mēaglum wordum. Meodu-sċencum hwearf

1980

心のこもった言葉で。 蜜酒の杯を持って

ġeond þæt [heal]-reċed Hæreðes dohtor,

その広間中を廻られた、 ハレスの娘〔王妃〕は

lufode ðā lēode, līð-wǣġe bær

その国民を慈しみ、 酒杯を運ばれた、

hæ[le]ðum tō handa. Hiġelāc ongan

武士たちの手に。 ヒュエラークは始められた

sīnne ġeseldan in sele þām hēan

ご自分の戦友に その高殿で

fæġre friċġċean; hyne fyrwet bræc,

1985

丁重に尋ねることを； 好奇心にせき立てられておられたのだ、

hwylċe Sǣ-Ġēata sīðas wǣron:

「海の」イェーアタスの 遠征がどんなだったかと：

“Hū lomp ēow on lāde, lēofa Bīowulf,

『旅では何が起こったのか、 ベーオウルフよ、

þā ðū fǣringa feorr ġehogodest

1976a.

お主が突然 ( はるばる）決心してから

fēðe-ġestum: dat.pl. of fēðe-ġest, masc., ‘foot-guest (= soldier)’.

1976b.

flet: neut. nom.sg., hall.

innanweard: adj. neut. nom.sg., interior. 1977a. Ġesæt: pret. 3sg. of ġesittan, st.5, to ‘sit’ down. þā: adv., then. wið: prep., w.acc., opposite. sylfne: acc.sg. of self, pron., ‘self’. 1977b. sē: rel. pron., he who; Beowulf. ðā: the, that: fem. acc.sg. sæċċe: acc.sg. of sæ ċ(ċ), fem., fight. ġenæs: pret. 3sg. of ġenesan, st.5, to survive. 1978a. mǣġ: masc. nom.sg., kinsman. wið: prep., w.acc., opposite; 1977a. mǣġe: dat.sg. of mǣ ġ, masc., see above. 1978b. syððan: conj., after. man-dryhten: masc. acc.sg., ‘men-lord’, king. 1979a. þurh: prep., w.acc., ‘through’. hlēoðor-cwyde: masc. acc.sg., ‘song(= ceremonial)-speech’. 1979b. holdne: masc. acc.sg. of hold, adj., friendly. ġegrētte: pret. 3sg. of ġegrētan, wk.1, to ‘greet’, address; w.acc. as object. 1980a. mēaglum: dat.pl. of mēagol, adj., hearty. wordum: dat.pl. of word, neut. 1980b. Meodu-sċencum: instr.-dat.pl. of meodu-sċenc, masc., ‘mead-cup’. 1981a. hwearf: pret. 3sg. of hweorfan, st.3, to move about. ġeond: prep., w.acc., throughout. þæt: the: neut. acc.sg. [heal]-reċed: masc. / neut. acc.sg., ‘hall-room’; MS side reçed, (wide(= large)-hall); emended by Kemble for alliteration; but hēah by M. & R. 1981b. Hæreðes: gen.sg. of Hæ reð, masc., father of Hygd. dohtor: fem. nom.sg., ‘daughter’. 1982a. lufode: pret. 3sg. of lufian, wk.2, to ‘love’. ðā: the, that: acc.pl. lēode: masc. acc.pl., people. 1982b. līð-wǣġe: neut. acc.sg., ‘drink-cup’. bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 1983a. hæ[le]ðum: poss. dat.pl. of hæ le(ð), masc., hero, warrior; MS hæ ðnum; emended by Trautmann. handa: dat.sg. of hand, fem., ‘hand’. 1983b. ongan: pret. 3sg. of onġinnan, st.3, to ‘begin’. 1984a. sīnne: masc. acc.sg. of sīn, poss. pron., his. ġeseldan: acc.sg. of ġeselda, wk. masc., ‘hall companion’. 1984b. sele: masc. dat.sg., hall. þām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. of se. hēan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of hēah, adj., ‘high’. 1985a. fæġre: adv., fairly. friċġċean: = friċġan; st.5, to ask a question. 1985b. hyne: = hine: him: acc. fyrwet: neut. nom.sg., curiosity. bræc: pret. 3sg. of brecan, st.4, to press; this half-line also occurs in 232b, 2784b. 1986a. hwylċe: masc. nom.pl. of hwylċ, pron., interr., what [which]. Sǣ-Ġēata: gen. of Sǣ -Ġēatas, ‘Sea-Geatas’. 1986b. sīðas: nom.pl. of sīð, masc., voyage, expedition. wǣron: ‘were’: pret. 3pl. 1987a. Hū: interr., ‘how’. lomp: pret. 3sg. of limpan, st.3, to happen. ēow: ‘you’: dat.pl. of ġē, ‘ye’. on: prep., ‘on’. lāde: dat.sg. of lād, fem., journey [load]. 1987b. lēofa: wk. voc. sg. of lēof, adj., dear. Bīowulf: = Bēowulf, voc. 1988a. þā: conj., when. fǣringa: adv., suddenly. 1988b. feorr: adv., ‘far’. ġehogodest: pret. 2sg. of ġehyċġan, wk.3, to resolve.

167

sæċċe sēċean ofer sealt wæter, 1990

1995

hilde tō Hiorote? Ac ðū Hrōðgāre

闘いを求めることを 塩の水を越えて、 1990

戦をヘオロトに。 だがお主はフロースガールの

wī[d]-cūðne wēan wihte ġebēttest,

周知の苦境を 何とか救ったのか？

mǣrum ðēodne? Iċ ðæs mōd-ceare

名高き王の？ わしはだから心配を、

sorh-wylmum sēað, sīðe ne truwode

たぎる憂いでかき立てた、 旅征を信じていなかった、

lēofes mannes. Iċ ðē lange bæd,

愛する者の。 わしはお主にこんこんと頼んだ、

þæt ðū þone wæl-gǣst wihte ne grētte,

1995

lēte Sūð-Dene sylfe ġeweorðan

お主が人殺しの魔物に 決して近づかぬように、 「南」デネをして 自ら解決させるように、

gūðe wið Grendel. Gode iċ þanc seċġe,

グレンデルとの争いを。 わしは神に感謝する、

þæs ðe iċ ðē ġesundne ġesēon mōste.”

わしがお主の無事な姿を 見れたことを』

Bīowulf maðelode, bearn Eċġðīoes: 174r

| “Þæt is undyrne, dryhten Hiġelāc,

2001

[miċel] ġemēting, moneġum fīra,

 ベーオウルフは答えた、 エッジセーオウの息子は： 2000 『あのことは隠れもないことです、  ヒュエラーク王よ、

一大遭遇戦は 多くの人々にとって、

1989a. sæċċe: acc.sg. of sæ ċ(ċ), fem., battle, fight. sēċean: wk.1, to ‘seek’. 1989b. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. sealt: adj. neut. acc.sg., ‘salt’ [G. Salz]. wæter: neut. acc.sg., ‘water’, sea. 1990a. hilde: acc.sg of hild, fem., war, battle. Hiorote: dat.sg. of Heorot. 1990b. Ac: conj., but. Hrōðgāre: poss. dat. of Hrōðgār. 1991a. wī[d]-cūðne: masc. acc.sg. of wīd-cūþ, adj., ‘widely known’; MS wið cuðne; emended by Thorkelin in his edition. wēan: acc.sg. of wēa, wk. masc., ‘woe’, trouble. 1991b. wihte: in any way: dat.sg. of wiht, fem., anything [wight, whit]. ġebēttest: pret. 2sg. of ġebētan, wk.1, to remedy, settle [cf. boot]. 1992a. mǣrum: masc. dat.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous. ðēodne: dat.sg. of þēoden, masc., lord, king; a variation of Hrōðgāre. 1992b. ðæs: for that, therefore: neut. gen.sg. of se, the. mōd-ceare: acc.sg. of mōd-cearu, fem, ‘mind-care’. 1993a. sorh-wylmum: dat.pl. of sorhwylm, masc., ‘sorrow-welling’. sēað: pret. 1sg. of sēoðan, st.2, to ‘seethe’. 1993b. sīðe: dat.sg. of sīð, masc., journey, expedition. truwode: pret. 1sg. of truwian, wk.2, to trust, have faith in; w.dat. 1994a. lēofes: masc. gen.sg. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved. mannes: gen.sg. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 1994b. ðē: ‘thee’: acc.sg. lange: adv., ‘long’. bæd: pret. 1sg. of biddan, st.5, to ask, entreat [bid]. 1995a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. of se. wælgǣst: masc. acc.sg., ‘deadly ghost’, demon. 1995b. wihte: in any way; see 1991b. grētte: pret. subj. 2sg. of grētan, wk.1, to approach, attack [greet]. 1996a. lēte: pret. subj. 2sg. of lǣ tan, st.7, to ‘let’; w.acc. & inf. Sūð-Dene: masc. acc.pl., ‘South-Dene’. 1996b. sylfe: masc. acc.pl. of self, sylf, refl. pron., (South-Dene) themselves. ġeweorðan: st.3, to settle; w.gen. 1997a. gūðe: gen.sg. of gūð, fem., war, battle. wið: prep., w.acc., ‘with’, against. Grendel: masc. acc. 1997b. Gode: dat.sg. of God, masc. þanc: masc. acc.sg., ‘thanks’; w.gen. seċġe: pres. 1sg. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’. 1998a. þæs ðe: for that. ġesundne: masc. acc.sg. of ġesund, adj., safe and ‘sound’ [G. gesund]. 1998b. ġesēon: st.5, to ‘see’. mōste: pret. 1sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, to have opportunity. 1999. Bīowulf maðelode, bearn Eċġðīoes: see 631, etc. 2000a. un-dyrne: adj. neut. nom.sg., ‘un-hidden’, well-known. 2000b. dryhten: masc. voc.sg., lord. 2001a. [miċel]: adj. fem. nom.sg., great [much]; the whole lost in the right margin of MS; restored by Klaeber based on 2354b–55a; but cf. another restoration mǣ ru (fem. nom.sg., famous ) by Moore (JEGP, 18, 210). ġemēting: fem., ‘meeting’, encounter. 2001b. moneġum: masc. dat.pl. of moniġ, adj., ‘many’; noun use. fīra: gen. of fīras, masc. pl., men.

168

hwylċ [orleġ]-hwīl uncer Grendles

つまり、いかなる闘いが 私とグレンデルとの間で

wearð on ðām wange, þǣr hē worna fela

かの地で起こったかは。 そこでは奴が多数の、

Siġe-Sċyldingum sorge ġefremede, 2005

2010

yrmðe tō aldre; iċ ðæt eall ġewræc,

「勝利の」シュルディンガスに、  悲しみをもたらしました、 2005

常に災いを； 私はそのすべてに復讐しました、

swā beġylpan [ne] þearf Grendeles māga

それで自慢の必要がなくなったのです、 グレンデルの血族の

[ǣniġ] ofer eorðan ūhthlem þone,

誰であれこの世で 夜の激闘を

sē ðe lenġest leofað lāðan cynnes,

一番長生きしている者でも 厭わしき一族の、

f[ācne] bifongen. Iċ ðǣr furðum cwōm

悪意に取りつかれた。 私はまず行きました

tō ðām hring-sele Hrōðgār grētan;

2010

そこの宝環の館へ フロースガールに挨拶に；

sōna mē se mǣra mago Healfdenes,

名高き ヘアルフデネのご子息は、

syððan hē mōd-sefan mīnne cūðe,

私の心を お知りになるとすぐに、

wið his sylfes sunu setl ġetǣhte.

御令息のそばに 私の席を定められました。

Weorod wæs on wynne; ne seah ic wīdan feorh

一同は楽しげでした； 見たことがありません

2002a. hwylċ: fem. nom.sg., adj., what kind of [which]. [orleġ]-hwīl: fem. nom.sg., ‘war-time’, fight; MS .... / hwile; restored by Thorpe. 2002b. uncer: gen. of dual, wit, us two. Grendles: gen. of Grendel; uncer Grendles., ‘of us two, (me and) Grendel’. 2003a. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to happen. on: prep., ‘on’, in. ðām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. wange: dat.sg. of wong, masc., place. 2003b. þǣr: rel. adv., where. worna: gen.pl. of worn, masc., a large number. fela: adj., acc.sg., many; w.gen.pl. 2004a. Siġe-Sċyldingum: dat. of Siġe-Sċyldingas, ‘VictoryScyldingas’. 2004b. sorge: = -a: gen.pl. of sorh, fem., ‘sorrow’; modifies worna fela. ġefremede: pret. 3sg. of ġefremman, wk.1, to bring about. 2005a. yrmðe: = -a: gen.pl. of yrmþu, fem., misery; a variation of sorge. tō aldre: always. aldre: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. 2005b. ðæt eall: ‘all that’: neut. acc.sg. ġewræc: pret. 1sg. of ġewrecan, st.5, to avenge. 2006a. swā: conj., so that. be-ġylpan: st.3, to boast of. [ne]: adv., not; no gap in MS; supplied by Grein. þearf: pres. 3sg. of þurfan, pret.-pres., to need. 2006b. Grendeles: see 2002b. māga: gen.pl. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman. 2007a. [ǣniġ]: masc. nom.sg.; w.gen; MS ....; restored by Kemble. ofer: prep., w.acc., across. eorðan: acc.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the earth. 2007b. ūht-hlem: masc. acc.sg., ‘dawn (= night)-clash’. þone: the, that: masc. acc.sg.; postpositioned. 2008a. sē ðe: rel. pron., masc. nom.sg., he who. lenġest: supl. of longe, adv., long. leofað: pres. 3sg. of libban, wk.3, to ‘live’. 2008b. lāðan: wk. neut. gen.sg. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’, hostile. cynnes: gen.sg. of cyn, neut., ‘kin’, race. 2009a. f[ācne]: dat.sg. of fācen, neut. deceit, crime; MS f.... ; restored by Bugge. bifongen: masc. nom.sg., pp. of be-fōn, st.7, to take hold of. 2009b. furðum: adv., first. cwōm: pret. 1sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’, move (to). 2010a. ðām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. hring-sele: masc. dat.sg., ‘ring-hall’. 2010b. Hrōðgār: acc. grētan: wk.1, to ‘greet’. 2011a. sōna: adv., at once [soon]. mē: ‘for me’: dat. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. mǣra: wk. masc. nom.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous. 2011b. mago: masc. nom. sg., son. Healfdenes: gen. of Healfdene. 2012a. syððan: conj., as soon as. mōd-sefan: acc.sg. of mōd-sefa, wk. masc., ‘mind-heart’. 2012b. mīnne: ‘my, mine’: masc. acc.sg. cūðe: pret. 3sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know. 2013a. wið: prep., w.acc., near. sylfes: masc. gen.sg. of self, sylf, refl. pron., his own self. sunu: = -a: masc. acc.sg., son. 2013b. setl: neut. acc.sg., seat. ġetǣhte: pret. 3sg. of ġetǣ ċan, wk.1, to assign. 2014a. Weorod: neut. nom. sg, troop. wynne: dat.sg. of wyn(n), fem., joy. 2014b. seah: pret. 1sg. of sēon, st.5, to ‘see’. wīdan feorh: ever. wīdan: wk. neut. acc.sg. of wīd, adj., ‘wide’. feorh: neut. acc.sg., life.

169

2015

under heofones hwealf heal-sittendra

2015

天の蒼穹の下で、 広間に座する人々の間に

medu-drēam māran. Hwīlum mǣru cwēn,

これ以上の酒宴の歓楽を。 時折誉れ高き王妃が、

friðu-sibb folca flet eall ġeond-hwearf,

民族間の平和の保証たる方が、 広間中を廻って、

bǣdde byre ġeonge; oft hīo bēah-wriðan

若者たちを激励されました； よく彼女は宝環を

174v

seċġe |[sealde], ǣr hīe tō setle ġēong.

武士に賜りました、 席に行かれる前に。

2020

Hwīlum for [du]guðe dohtor Hrōðgāres

2025

2020

時には武士団の前で フロースガールの王女が

eorlum on ende ealu-wǣġe bær,

貴人らの端まで エールのコップを運ばれました、

þā iċ Frēaware flet-sittende

その時私はフレーアワルと 広間に座する人々が

nemnan hӯrde, þǣr hīo [næ]ġled sinc

呼ぶのを聞きました、  彼女が飾り鋲を打った器〔杯〕を

hæleðum sealde. Sīo ġehāten [is],

武士たちに与えたとき。 彼女は婚約中なのです、

ġeong gold-hroden, gladum suna Frōdan;

2025

[h]afað þæs ġeworden wine Sċyldinga,

若くて黄金に飾られた方は、 フローダの優しい息子と； それに同意されているのです シュルディンガスの王は、

2015a. under: prep., w.acc., ‘under’. heofones: gen.sg. of heofon, masc., ‘heaven’. hwealf: fem. / neut acc.sg., vault, arch. 2015b. heal-sittendra: gen.pl. of heal-sittend(e), masc. (pres. part.), ‘hall-sitter’. 2016a. medu-drēam: masc. acc.sg., ‘mead-joy’, festivity. māran: masc. acc.sg. of māra, greater, ‘more’. 2016b. Hwīlum: adverbial: sometimes; dat.pl. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’. mǣru: fem. nom.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous, celebrated. cwēn: fem. nom. sg, ‘queen’. 2017a. friðu-sibb: fem. nom.sg., ‘peace-peace’, peace bringer. folca: gen.pl. of folc, neut., ‘folk’, people. 2017b. flet: neut. acc.sg., hall. eall: adj. neut. acc.sg., ‘all’. ġeond-hwearf: pret. 3sg. of ġeond-hweorfan, st.3, to go around. 2018a. bǣdde: pret. 3sg. of bǣ dan, wk.1, to urge, incite. byre: masc. acc.pl., young man. ġeonge: masc. acc.pl. of ġeong, adj., ‘young’. 2018b. oft: adv., ‘often’. hīo: hēo: she. bēah-wriðan: acc.sg. of bēah-wriða, wk. masc., ‘ring-band’. 2019a. seċġe: dat.sg. of seċġ, masc., man, warrior. [sealde]: pret. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to give [sell]; the whole lost in the left margin of MS: restored by Thorpe. 2019b. ǣr: conj., before. hīe: = hēo: she. setle: dat.sg. of setl, neut, seat. ġeong: pret. 3sg. of gangan, st.7, to ‘go’. 2020a. Hwīlum: (adverbially) sometimes: see 2016b. for: prep., w.dat., in front of. [du]guðe: dat.sg. of duguð, fem., (collectively) tried warriors; MS .... ðe, B ..uguðe; restored by Grundtvig. 2020b. dohtor: fem. nom.sg., ‘daughter’; see Com. Hrōðgāres: gen.sg. of Hrōðgār. 2021a. eorlum: dat.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman [earl]. on ende (masc. acc.sg): from ‘end’ to end. 2021b. ealu-wǣġe: neut. acc.sg., ‘ale-cup’. bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 2022a. þā: adv., then. Frēaware: acc.sg. of Frēawaru, fem., daughter of Hrothgar and wife of Ingeld. 2022b. fletsittende: pres. part., masc. acc.pl, ‘hall-sitter’; cf. 2015b heal-sittendra. 2023a. nemnan: wk.1, to name, call. hӯrde: pret. 1sg. of hȳran, wk.1, to ‘hear’; w.acc. & inf. 2023b. þǣr: rel. adv., where or when. hīo: she: see 2018b. [næ]ġled: neut. acc.sg., pp. of næ ġlan, wk.1, to ‘nail’; MS ....ed, B ..gled; restored by Kluge. sinc: neut. acc.sg., treasure. 2024a. hæleðum: dat.pl. of hæ leð, masc., warrior. sealde: pret. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to give [sell]. 2024b. Sīo: she. ġehāten: betrothed: pp. of ġehātan, st.7, to promise. [is]: ‘is’: MS .. ; restored by Kluge. 2025a. ġeong: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘young’. gold-hroden: adj. (pp.) fem. nom.sg., ‘gold-adorned’ (one). 2025b. gladum: masc. dat. sg. of glæ d, adj., kind [glad]. suna: dat.sg. of sunu, masc., ‘son’; Ingeld. Frōdan: gen.sg. of Frōda, wk. masc., father of Ingeld; from frōd, ‘wise’. 2026a. [h]afað: ‘has’: aux.; A, B iafað; emended by Kemble. þæs (... þæt): it (...that): neut. gen. ġeworden: nom.sg., pp. of ġeweorðan, st.3, impers., to agree upon; w.acc. of person (wine, hyrde) & gen. of thing (þæ s). 2026b. wine: masc. acc.sg., friendly lord. Sċyldinga: gen.

170

2030

2035

rīċes hyrde, ond þæt rǣd talað,

王国の守護者は、 それにそれを名案と思って、

þæt hē mid ðӯ wīfe wæl-fǣhða dǣl

彼 (H) がこの女性で 多くの恐ろしい宿怨を、

sæċċa ġesette. Oft seldan hwǣr

争いを解決することに。 どこでもめったにないことです、

æfter lēod-hryre lӯtle hwīle

2030

国王崩御の後は 少しの間でも恐ろしい

bon-gār būgeð, þēah sēo brӯd duge!

槍が頭を垂れているのは、 たとえ花嫁が立派でも !

Mæġ þæs þonne ofþynċan ðēod[ne] Heaðobeardna

だから不快にさせるでしょう ヘアゾベアルダンの王と

ond þeġna ġehwām þāra lēoda,

すべての近侍の武士を その国の、

þonne hē mid fǣmnan on flett g[āi]ð;

夫君が彼女と共に 広間に入るとき；

dryht-bearn Dena, duguða biwenede.

2035

即ちデネの貴人の息子らが、 家臣達がもてなされるとき。

On him gladiað gomelra lāfe,

彼らの上には輝いています、 先祖伝来の剣が、

heard ond hring-mǣl Heaða-Bear[d]na ġestrēon,

丈夫で錵の浮いたものが、 ヘアゾベアルダンの宝が、

þenden hīe ðām wǣpnum wealdan mōston.

彼らがその武器を 揮うことができた間は。

2027a. rīċes: gen.sg. of rīċe, neut., kingdom. hyrde: masc. acc.sg., guardian. 2027b. þæt (...þæt): it (...that). rǣd: masc. acc.sg., good counsel. talað: pres. 3sg. of talian, wk.2, to consider; the subject is Hrothgar. 2028a. mid: prep., w.instr.-dat., by means of. ðӯ: the: neut. instr.sg. wīfe: instr.-dat.sg. of wīf, neut., woman, lady. 2028b. wælfǣhða: gen.pl. of wæ l-fǣ hð, fem., ‘deadly feud’. dǣl: masc. acc.sg., a great deal of; w.gen. 2029a. sæċċa: gen.pl. of sæ ċ(ċ), fem., fight, conflict. ġesette: pres. subj. 3sg. of ġesettan, wk.1, to settle [set]. 2029b. Oft: adv., ‘often’. seldan: adv., ‘seldom’. hwǣr: adv., anywhere. 2030a. lēod-hryre: masc. dat.sg., ‘prince-fall (= death)’. 2030b. lӯtle: fem. acc.sg. of lȳtel, adj., ‘little’. hwīle: adverbial acc.sg. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’. 2031a. bon-gār: masc. nom. sg., ‘slaughter (= deadly)-spear’. būgeð: pres. 3sg. of būgan, st.2, to ‘bow’ down, rest. 2031b. þēah: conj., ‘though’; with subj. sēo: the: fem. nom.sg. brӯd: fem. nom.sg., ‘bride’. duge: pres. subj. 3sg. of *dugan, st.2, to avail, be good. 2032a. Mæġ: ‘may’, can: pres. 3sg. þæs: therefore. þonne: adv., then. of-þynċan: wk.1, impers., to displease; w.dat. 2032b. ðēod[ne]: masc. dat.sg., lord, king; MS ðeoden; emended by Kemble. Heaðobeardna: gen. of Heaðo-beardan, wk. masc. pl., the name of a tribe to which Ingeld belonged; literally ‘war-?beard’; cf. 82 ff., Widsith, 48 ff. 2033a. þeġna: gen.pl. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’. ġehwām: masc. dat.sg. of ġehwā, pron., each (one); w.gen.pl. 2033b. þāra: the: gen.pl. lēoda: gen. of lēode, masc. pl., people. 2034a. þonne: conj., when. mid: prep., with, along with. fǣmnan: acc.sg. of fǣ mne, wk. fem., woman, lady; Freawaru. 2034b. on: prep., w.acc., into. flett: neut. acc.sg., hall. g[āi]ð: pres. 3sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’; MS gæ ð; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 2035a. dryht-bearn: neut. nom.pl., ‘noble children’. Dena: gen. of Dene. 2035b. duguða: nom.pl. of duguð, fem., (collectively) tried warriors. biwenede: pp. nom.pl. of be-wennan, wk.1, to attend to, entertain. 2036a. him: them, Dene: masc. dat. gladiað: pres. 3pl. of gladian, wk.2., to glisten, shine. 2036b. gomelra: of ancestors: masc. gen.pl. of gamol, gomol, adj., old. lāfe: nom.pl. of lāf, fem., heirloom. 2037a. heard: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘hard’. hringmǣl: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘ring-adorned’. 2037b. Heaðabear[d]na: gen. of Heaðo-beardan; see 2032b; MS heaða bearna; emended by Thorpe. ġestrēon: neut. nom.sg., treasure. 2038a. þenden: conj., while, as long as. hīe: they, i.e. Heatho-Bardan. ðām: the, that: dat.pl. wǣpnum: dat.pl. of wǣ pen, neut., ‘weapon’. 2038b. wealdan: st.7, to ‘wield’; w.dat. as object. mōston: pret. 3pl. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, to have opportunity.

171

[XXVIIII – XXX]

[XXVIIII – XXX] Oð ðæt hīe forlǣddan tō ðām lind-plegan

遂に彼らが導いて滅ぼすのです 楯の合戦に

2040

swǣse ġesīðas ond hyra sylfra feorh.

175r

Þonne cwið æt bēore sē ðe bēah |ġesyhð,

この時酒の席で述べるのです、 宝剣を見る者は、

eald æsċ-wiga, sē ðe eall ġe[man],

老いた槍の戦士は、 すべてを覚えている者は、

gār-cwealm gumena ― him bið grim sefa ―

武士たちの戦死を、 ― 彼の心は憤る ―

onġinneð ġeōmor-mōd ġeong[um] cempan

悲しい心で、始めるのです、 若武者 (I) の、

2045

þurh hreðra ġehyġd hiġes cunnian,

2040

2045

wīġ-bealu weċċean, ond þæt word ācwyð:

胸の思いを洩らして 心を試し、 敵愾心を目覚めさせることを、 そして言うのです：

‘Meaht ðū, mīn wine, mēċe ġecnāwan,

2050

親しき仲間と 彼ら自身の命を。

『我が友よ、君は 剣に見覚えがあるじゃろう？

þone þīn fæder tō ġefeohte bær

君の父が 戦に持っていったものに

under here-grīman hindeman sīðe,

戦の兜の下に 最後の時に、

dӯre īren, þǣr hyne Dene slōgon,

2050

貴重な鋼に、 デネが彼を殺し、

[XXVIIII–XXX] ; see Com. 2039a. Oð ðæt: conj., until, at last. hīe: they. forlǣddan: pret. 3pl. of for-lǣ dan, wk.1, to lead to destruction. 2039b. ðām: the; masc. dat.sg. lind-plegan: dat.sg. of lind-plega, wk. masc., ‘shieldplay’, battle. 2040a. swǣse: masc. acc.pl. of swǣ s, adj., close, dear. ġesīðas: acc.pl. of ġesīð, masc., retainer, companion. 2040b. hyra: their: gen. of hīe. sylfra: masc. gen.pl. of self, sylf, ‘self’; appositive to hyra. feorh: neut. acc.pl., life. 2041a. Þonne: adv., then. cwið: pres. 3sg. of cweðan, st.5, to speak, say. æt bēore: at the beerdrinking (Klaeber’s Gloss). bēore: dat.sg. of bēor, neut., ‘beer’. 2041b. sē ðe: rel. pron., he who. bēah: = bēag; masc. acc.sg., hilt-‘ring’, sword. ġesyhð: pres. 3sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’. 2042a. eald: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘old’. æsċ-wiga: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘ash-spear’-warrior; see Com. 2042b. sē ðe: see above. eall: ‘all’: neut. acc.sg. ġe[man]: pres. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember; MS ge...; restored by Thorpe. 2043a. gār-cwealm: masc. acc.sg., death by the spear. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., warrior. 2043b. him: ‘him’; poss. dat. bið: is: 3sg. of bēon. grim: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘grim’, angry. sefa: wk. masc. nom.sg., mind, heart. 2044a. onġinneð: pres. 3sg. of on-ġinnan, st.3, to begin; w. inf. ġeōmor-mōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., sad of mind. 2044b. ġeong[um]: wk. masc. dat.sg. of ġeong, adj., ‘young’; B geong..: restored by Kemble. cempan: dat.sg. of cempa, wk. masc., warrior; poss. dat. modifying hiġes. 2045a. þurh: prep., w. acc., ‘through’, by means of. hreðra: gen.pl. of hreðer, neut., heart. ġehyġd: fem. acc.sg., thought. 2045b. hiġes: gen.sg. of hiġe, hyġe, masc., mind. cunnian: wk.1 / 2, inf., to tempt, test; w.gen as object. 2046a. wīġ-bealu: neut. acc.sg., ‘war-bale’, warfare. weċċean: wk.1, inf., to ‘wake’. 2046b. þæt: that, the: neut. acc.sg. word: neut. acc.sg., ‘word’. ācwyð: pres. 3sg. of ā-cweðan, st.5, to speak. 2047a. Meaht: pres. 2sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can, may. ðū: ‘thou’. mīn: ‘my, mine’: masc. voc.sg. wine: masc. voc.sg., friend. 2047b. mēċe: masc. acc.sg., sword, blade. ġecnāwan: st.7, to recognize. 2048a. þone: rel. pron., masc. acc.sg., which. þīn: ‘thy, thine’: masc. nom.sg. fæder: masc. nom.sg., ‘father’. 2048b. ġefeohte: dat. sg. of ġefeoht, neut., ‘fight’. bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry. 2049a. here-grīman: dat.sg. of here-grīma, wk. masc., ‘war-mask’, helmet. 2049b. hindeman: masc. dat.sg. of hindema, adj. supl., last. sīðe: dat.sg. of sīð, masc., time, occasion. 2050a. dӯre: = dēore: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘dear’, precious. īren: neut. acc.sg., ‘iron’, sword. 2050b. þǣr: rel. adv., when. hyne: him: acc. Dene: masc. nom. slōgon: pret. 3pl. of slēan, st.6, to ‘slay’, kill.

172

2055

2060

175v

wēoldon wæl-stōwe, syððan Wiðerġyld læġ,

戦場を支配した時に、 ウィゼルイルドが戦死してから、

æfter hæleþa hryre, hwate Sċyldungas?

武士らが倒れた後、 機敏なシュルディンガスが。

Nū hēr þāra banena byre nāt-hwylċes

今ここでかの殺害者どもの 誰かの息子が

frætwum hrēmiġ on flet g[āi]ð,

飾物に歓喜して 広間に入り、

morðres ġylpe[ð], ond þone māðþum byreð,

2055

殺害を自慢して 宝刀を帯びている。

þone þe ðū mid rihte rǣdan sċeoldest.’

それは君が当然 所有すべき物だったのだ ! 」

Manað swā ond myndġað mǣla ġehwylċe

こうしてしきりに思い出させるのです その度に

sārum wordum, oð ðæt sǣl cymeð,

苦い言葉で、 すると遂に来るのです、

þæt se fǣmnan þeġn fore fæder dǣdum

かの女性のお付の武士が 父親の所業の故に

æfter billes bite blōd-fāg swefeð,

2060

剣の一刺しの後 血に塗れて眠る時が、

ealdres sċyldiġ; him se ōðer þonan

命を失って； 他の一人〔殺害者〕はそこから

losað |[li]fiġende, con him land ġeare.

生きて逃走する、 土地のことをよく知っているので。

2051a. wēoldon: pret. 3pl. of wealdan, st.7, to control [wield]; w.dat. wæl-stōwe: dat.sg. of wæ l-stōw, fem., ‘killing field’. 2051b. syððan: conj., since, after.

Wiðerġyld: masc. nom.sg., Heaðobeardan warrior. læġ: pret. 3sg. of

liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’ down. 2052a. æfter: prep., w.dat., ‘after’. hæleþa: gen.pl. of hæ leð, masc., man, warrior. hryre: masc. dat.sg., fall, death. 2052b. hwate: masc. nom.pl. of hwæ t, adj., brisk, vigorous. Sċyldungas: nom. 2053a. Nū: adv., ‘now’. hēr: adv., ‘here’. þāra: those: gen.pl. banena: gen.pl. of bana, wk. masc., killer, slayer. 2053b. byre: masc. nom.sg., son; cf. 2059a se fǣ mnan þeġn. nāt-hwylċes: masc. gen.sg. of nāt-hwylċ, pron., an unknown one, someone. 2054a. frætwum: dat. of fræ twe, fem. pl., ornaments, decorated weapons. hrēmiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., exulting; w.dat. 2054b. on: prep., w.acc., to, into. flet: neut. acc.sg., floor of a hall. g[āi]ð: pres. 3sg. of gān, anom., to ‘go’; MS gæ ð; supplied by Wrenn for metre. 2055a. morðres: gen.sg. of morðor, neut., ‘murder’. ġylpe[ð]: pres. 3sg. of ġylpan, st.3, to boast (of); w.gen.; B gylped; emended by Kemble. 2055b. þone: the, that: masc. acc.sg. māðþum: masc. acc.sg., treasure (sword). byreð: pres. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 2056a. þone þe: rel. pron., which; agrees with þone māðþum. ðū: ‘thou’. mid rihte: ‘by right’. rihte : dat.sg. of riht, neut., ‘right’. 2056b. rǣdan: st.7, to possess. sċeoldest: ‘should’: pret. 2sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres. 2057a. Manað: pres. 3sg. of manian, wk.2, to admonish, urge. swā: adv., in this manner. myndġað: pres. 3sg. of myndġian, wk.2, to remind, to incite. 2057b. mǣla: gen.pl. of mǣ l, neut., time, occasion; mǣ la ġehwylċe, ‘each time’. ġehwylċe: neut. instr.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each; w.gen. 2058a. sārum: neut. dat.pl. of sār, adj., ‘sore’, bitter. wordum: dat.pl. of word, neut., ‘word’. 2058b. oð ðæt: conj., until. sǣl: masc. / fem. nom.sg, time. cymeð: pres. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 2059a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. fǣmnan: gen.sg. of fǣ mne, wk. fem., lady. þeġn: masc. nom.sg., ‘thane’. 2059b. fore: prep., w.dat., on account of. fæder: masc. gen.sg., ‘father’. dǣdum: dat.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’. 2060a. æfter: prep., w.dat., ‘after’, as a result of. billes: gen.sg. of bil(l), neut., sword. bite: masc. dat.sg., a ‘bite’, the cut of a weapon. 2060b. blōd-fāg: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘blood-stained’. swefeð: pres. 3sg. of swefan, st.5, to sleep in death. 2061a. ealdres: gen.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. sċyldiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., having forfeited; w.gen. 2061b. him: ‘him’: ethical dat. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. ōðer: other (one); nom.sg. þonan: adv., thence. 2062a. losað: pres. 3sg. of losian, wk.2, to escape. [li]fiġende: pres. part. of libban, lifġan, wk.3, to ‘live’; MS ......e, A fiende; restored by Heine. 2062b. con: pres. 3sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know. him: ‘him’: ethical dat. land: neut. acc.sg. ġeare: adv., well.

173

2065

2070

2075

Þonne bīoð [āb]rocene on bā healfe

この時破られるのです 双方で

āð-sweor[d] eorla; [syð]ðan Ingelde

貴人たちの誓約が； この後インゲルドには

weallað wæl-nīðas, ond him wīf-lufan

2065

恐ろしい敵意が湧き起こり、 彼の妻に対する愛情も

æfter cear-wælmum cōlran weorðað.

悲しみが押し寄せた後では 冷めてしまうのです。

Þȳ iċ Heaðobar[d]na hyldo ne telġe,

それ故私にはヘアゾベアルダンの 忠誠が、思いません、

dryht-sibbe dǣl Denum unfǣċne,

大いなる和平が デネにとって偽りなきものとは、

frēondsċipe fæstne. Iċ sċeal forð sprecan

友情が固いものとは。 話を続けたいと思います、

ġēn ymbe Grendel, þæt ðū ġeare cunne,

2070

更にグレンデルについて、 多分殿も御存知です、

sinces brytta, tō hwan syððan wearð

宝の分配者よ、 その後どうなったかは

hond-rǣs hæleða. Syððan heofones ġim

戦士らの手合わせが。 天の宝石〔太陽〕が

glād ofer grundas, gǣst yrre cwōm,

地上を滑り終えると、 怒りに燃えた妖怪がやってきました、

eatol ǣfen-grom ūser nēosan,

獰猛な夜の怪物が、 我々を攻めに、

ðǣr wē ġesunde sæl weardodon.

2075

我々が健やかに 広間を守護していた所へ。

2063a. Þonne: then. bīoð: 3pl. of bēon, to ‘be’. [āb]rocene: pp., nom.pl. of ā-brecan, st.4, to ‘break out’; A, B orocene; emended by Kemble. 2063b. bā: both; fem. acc. of bēġen. healfe: acc.pl. of healf, fem., side. 2064a. āðsweor[d]: neut. nom.pl., ‘oath-swearing’; MS aðsweorð; emended by Thorkelin. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman.

2064b.

[syð]ðan: afterwards; MS ðan; restored by Kemble.

Ingelde: dat.sg. of Ingeld, masc.,

Heathobeardan prince, son of Froda; literally ‘? Ing-worshipper’. 2065a. weallað: pres. 3pl. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’. wæl-nīðas: nom.pl. of wæ l-nīð, masc., deadly hate. 2065b. him: ‘him’: poss. dat.? wīf-lufan: nom.pl. of wīf-lufu, wk. fem., ‘wife-love’. 2066a. cear-wælmum: dat.pl. of cear-wæ lm, masc., ‘care-welling’, surging of sorrow. 2066b. cōlran: compar. masc. nom.pl. of cōl, ‘cool’. weorðað: pres. 3pl. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 2067a. Þȳ: for that (reason): neut. instr.sg. of þæ t. Heaðobear[d]na: gen. of Heaðobeardan, wk. masc. pl., the Heathobeardan; MS heaðo bearna; emended by Thorpe. 2067b. hyldo: wk. fem. acc.sg., loyalty. telġe: pres. 1sg. of tellan, wk.1, to consider [tell]. 2068a. dryht-sibbe: gen.sg. of dryht-sib(b), fem., ‘great peace’, alliance by marriage. dǣl: masc. acc.sg., (a great) ‘deal’ (of); w.gen. 2068b. Denum: dat. of Dene. un-fǣċne: adj., masc. / fem. acc.sg., ‘un-deceitful’. 2069a. frēond-sċipe: masc. acc.sg., ‘friendship’. fæstne: masc. acc.sg. of fæ st, adj., ‘fast’, firm. 2069b. sċeal: ‘shall’, must: pres. 1sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres. forð: adv., ‘forth’. sprecan: st.5, to ‘speak’. 2070a. ġēn: adv., further. ymbe: prep., w.acc., about, concerning. Grendel: acc. 2070b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ðū: ‘thou’ : nom. ġeare: adv., well. cunne: pret. subj. 2sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know. 2071a. sinces: gen.sg. of sinc, neut., treasure. brytta: wk. masc. voc.sg., distributor. 2071b. tō hwan: ‘to what (result)’. hwan: neut. instr.sg. of hwæ t. syððan: adv., afterwards. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, w. tō, ‘to become’. 2072a. hond-rǣs: masc. nom.sg., ‘hand-fight’. hæleða: gen.pl. of hæ leð, masc., warrior. 2072b. Syððan: conj., when. heofones: gen.sg. of heofon, masc., ‘heaven’. ġim: masc. nom.sg., ‘gem’, jewel; heofones ġim, a kenning for ‘the sun’. 2073a. glād: pret. 3sg. of glīdan, st.1, to ‘glide’. grundas: acc.pl. of grund, masc., ‘ground’. 2073b. gǣst: masc. nom.sg., ‘ghost’, monster. yrre: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘ireful’. cwōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 2074a. eatol: = atol: adj., masc. nom. sg., horrible. ǣfen-grom: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘evening-hostile’. 2074b. ūser: ‘our’: gen.pl. nēosan: wk.1 / 2, to attack; w.gen. (ūser). 2075a. ðǣr: rel. adv., to the place where. ġesunde: masc. nom.pl. of ġesund, adj., ‘sound’ [G. gesund]. 2075b. sæl: neut. acc.sg., hall. weardodon: pret. 1pl. of weardian, wk.2, to ‘ward’.

174

2080

Þǣr wæs Hondsċiō[he] hil[d] onsǣġe

その時ホンドシオーには 命を脅かす闘いが起こりました、

feorh-bealu fǣgum; hē fyrmest læġ,

死すべき者に致命的な災いが； 彼が最初に倒れたのです。

gyrded cempa; him Grendel wearð,

ベルトを締めた武士が； グレンデルが彼 (H) の、

mǣrum mag[u]-þeġne tō mūð-bonan,

名高き若武者の 喰い手となって、

lēofes mannes, līċ eall forswealg.

2080

親愛なる者の 体を全部呑み込んだのです。

Nō ðȳ ǣr ūt ðā ġēn īdel-hende

その時はまだ決して 空手で

bona blōdiġ-tōð, bealewa ġemyndiġ,

歯に血を付けた殺人鬼は 悪事を念じて

of ðām gold-sele gongan wolde,

かの黄金の館から 出て行く気などなく、

ac hē mæġnes rōf mīn costode,

怪力で評判の奴は 私を試そうとして、

176r

|grāpode ġearo-folm. Glōf hangode

2086

sīd ond syllīċ, searo-bendum fæst;

大きくて奇怪なものが、 巧みに作られた紐に縛られて；

sīo wæs orðoncum eall ġeġyrwed

それは技巧を凝らして 全部が出来ていました、

dēofles cræftum ond dracan fellum.

悪魔の技と 龍の皮で。

Hē meċ þǣr on innan unsynniġne,

奴はその中に私を 罪のない者を、

2085

はやる手で掴みかかったのです。 手袋が垂れていたのです、

2076a. Þǣr: adv., then. Hondsċiō[he]: dat. of Hond-sċiōh, masc., one of the comrades of Beowulf; A, B scio; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 2076b. hil[d]: fem. nom.sg., battle; MS hilde; emended by Holtzmann. onsǣġe: adj., fem. nom.sg., ?fatal. 2077a. feorh-bealu: neut. nom.sg., ‘life-bale’, deadly evil. fǣgum: masc. dat.sg. of fǣ ġe, adj., fated (one). 2077b. fyrmest: supl. of forma, adj., ‘first’. læġ: pret. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’ down. 2078a. gyrded: pp. of gyrdan, wk.l, to ‘gird’. cempa: wk. masc. nom.sg., warrior. 2078b. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. wearð: see 2071b. 2079a. mǣrum: masc. dat.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous. mag[u]-þeġne: dat.sg. of mago-ðeġn, masc., young retainer; MS magum þegne; emended by Kemble. 2079b. mūð-bonan: dat.sg. of mūð-bona, wk. masc., ‘mouth-slayer’, devourer. 2080a. lēofes: masc. gen.sg. of lēof, adj., dear. mannes: gen.sg. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 2080b. līċ: neut. acc.sg., body. eall: ‘all’: neut. acc.sg. forswealg: pret. 3sg. of for-swelgan, st.3, to ‘swallow up’. 2081a. Nō ðȳ ǣr: adv., yet...not. ūt: adv., ‘out’. ðā ġēn: adv., with negative, by no means. 2081b. īdel-hende: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘empty-handed’. 82a. bona: wk. masc. nom.sg., killer. blōdiġ-tōð: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘bloody-toothed’. 2082b. bealewa: gen.pl. of bealo, bealu, neut., evil, ‘bale’. ġemyndiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., mindful (of); w.gen. 2083a. of: prep., out of. ðām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. gold-sele: masc. dat.sg., ‘gold hall’. 2083b. gongan: st.7, to ‘go’. wolde: ‘would’, wanted: pret. 3sg. 2084a. ac: conj., (not...) but. mæġnes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., ‘main’, strength; gen. of respect. rōf: adj., masc. nom.sg., renowned. 2084b. mīn: ‘my, mine’: gen. sg. costode: pret. 3sg. of costian, wk.2, to prove, test; w.gen. as object (mīn). 2085a. grāpode: pret. 3sg. of grāpian, wk.2, to grip. ġearo-folm: adj., masc. nom.sg., with ‘ready hand (= grip)’. 2085b. Glōf: fem. nom.sg., ‘glove’; a belonging of trolls. hangode: pret. 3sg. of hangian, wk.2, to ‘hang’. 2086a. sīd: adj., fem. nom.sg., large. syllīċ: adj., fem. nom.sg., strange, wondrous. 2086b. searo-bendum: dat.pl. of searo-bend, fem., ‘skillfully made band’. fæst: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘fast’, firm. 2087a. sīo: it, that: fem. nom.sg.; refers to Glōf. orðoncum: dat.pl. of or-þanc, masc., skill. 2087b. eall: ‘all’: fem. nom.sg. ġeġyrwed: pp. fem. nom.sg. of ġyrwan, wk.1, to gear, make ready. 2088a. dēofles: gen.sg. of dēofol, neut., ‘devil’. cræftum: dat.pl. of cræ ft, masc., skill [craft]. 2088b. dracan: gen. sg. of draca, wk. masc., dragon. fellum: dat.pl. of fel(l), neut., hide. 2089a. meċ: ‘me’: acc. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. on innan: adv., within. 2089b. unsynniġne: masc. acc.sg. of un-synniġ, adj., ‘un-sinful’.

175

2090

2095

2100

dīor dǣd-fruma ġedōn wolde

2090

獰猛な悪事をなすものは 入れようと思ったのです。

maniġra sumne; hyt ne mihte swā,

大勢の中の一人として； そうはできなかったのです、

syððan iċ on yrre upp-riht āstōd.

私が怒って すっくと立ち上がったので。

Tō lang ys tō reċċenne, hū i[ċ ð]ām lēod-sċeaðan

余り長くなるので語れません いかに私が国民の敵に対し

yfla ġehwylċes [o]nd-lēan forġeald;

あらゆる悪事の 仕返しをしたかは；

þǣr iċ, þēoden mīn, þīne lēode

2095

その際私は、我が主君よ、 殿の国民の名誉を

weorðode weorcum. Hē on weġ losade,

働きによって高めました。 奴は逃げ延び、

lȳtle hwīle līf-wynna br[ēa]c;

少しの間 生の喜びを享受しました；

hwæþre him sīo swīðre swaðe weardade

しかしその右手は 後に残ったのです

hand on Hiorte, ond hē hēan ðonan,

ヘオロトに、 そして奴は惨めにもそこより

mōdes ġeōmor mere-grund ġefēoll.

2100

心悲しく、 海底に降りて行ったのです。

Mē þone wæl-rǣs wine Sċildunga

私の激闘に対し シュルディンガスの友は

fǣttan golde fela lēanode,

金の飾物で 大いに報いて下さいました、

2090a. dīor: adj., masc. nom.sg., fierce. dǣd-fruma: wk. masc. nom.sg. ‘deed-doer’. 2090b. ġedōn: anom., to put. wolde: ‘would’, wanted: pret. 3sg. 2091a. maniġra: masc. gen.pl. of moniġ, ‘many’ people. sumne: masc. acc.sg. of sum, one. 2091b. hyt: ‘it’: nom. mihte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg.; a verb of motion understood. swā: adv., ‘so’. 2092a. syððan: conj., when. yrre: neut. dat.sg., ‘ire’, anger. 2092b. upp-riht: adj., masc. nom.sg., upright. āstōd: pret. 1sg. of ā-standan, st.6, to ‘stand up’. 2093a. Tō: adv., ‘too’. lang: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘long’. ys: ‘is’. tō: prep., with ger. reċċenne: ger. of reċċan, wk.1, to narrate. 2093b. hū: conj., ‘how’. i[ċ: ‘I’. ð]ām: the, that: masc. dat.sg.; A huiedam; emended by Grundtvig. lēod-sċeaðan: dat.sg. of lēod-sċeaða, wk. masc., ‘nation-scather’. 2094a. yfla: gen.pl. of yfel, neut., ‘evil’. ġehwylċes: neut. gen.sg. of ġehwylċ, each, every. 2094b. [o]nd-lēan: neut. acc.pl., requital, retaliation; ond- = and- means ‘opposition’ and lēan reward; MS hond lean; emended by Grein. forġeald: pret. 1sg. of for-ġyldan, st.3, to requite. 2095a. þǣr: adv., then. þēoden: masc. voc.sg., lord. mīn: ‘my, mine’: masc. voc.sg. 2095b. þīne: ‘thy, thine’: masc. acc.pl. lēode: masc. acc.pl., people. 2096a. weorðode: pret. 1sg. of weorðian, wk.2, to make worthy. weorcum: instr.-dat.pl. of weorc, neut., ‘work’, deed. 2096b. on weġ: adv., ‘away’. losade: pret. 3sg. of losian, wk.2, to get away [loose]. 2097a. lȳtle: fem. acc.sg. of lȳtel, adj., ‘little’. hwīle: acc.sg. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’; adverbial. 2097b. līf-wynna: gen.pl. of līf-wynn, fem., ‘life-joy’. br[ēa]c: pret. 3sg. of brūcan, st.2, to enjoy; w.gen.; B brec; emended by Kemble. 2098a. hwæþre: adv., however. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. sīo: the, that: fem. nom.sg. swīðre: compar. fem. nom.sg. of swīð, adj., strong; stronger (= right) (hand). 2098b. swaðe weardade: ‘guarded his trail’, i.e. remained behind. swaðe: acc.sg. of swaðu, fem., trail. weardade: pret. 3sg. of weardian, wk.2, to ‘ward’, guard. 2099a. hand: fem. nom.sg., ‘hand’. Hiorte: dat. of Heorot. 2099b. hēan: adj., masc. nom.sg., wretched. ðonan: adv., ‘thence’. 2100a. mōdes: gen.sg. of mōd, neut. mind; gen. of respect. ġeōmor: adj., masc. nom.sg., sad. 2100b. mere-grund: masc. acc.sg., ‘lake-ground (= bottom)’. ġefēoll: pret. 3sg. of ġefeallan, st.7, to ‘fall’. 2101a. Mē: ‘me’: dat. þone: the, that: masc. acc.sg. wæl-rǣs: masc. acc.sg., deadly conflict. 2101b. wine: masc. nom.sg., friendly lord. Sċildunga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 2102a. fǣttan: wk. neut. dat.sg. of fǣ ted, adj. (pp.), decorated. golde: dat.sg. of gold, neut., ‘gold’. 2102b. fela: adv., much. lēanode: pret. 3sg. of lēanian, wk.2, to reward；w.dat. of person & acc. of thing.

176

maneġum māðmum, syððan merġen cōm,

多くの宝物で、 朝が来て

2104

ond wē tō symble ġeseten hæfdon.

我々が祝宴の席に 着いてから。

176v

Þǣr wæs ġidd ond glēo; gomela |Sċilding,

2110

2115

2105

そこには音曲がありました； 老いたシュルディング (H) は、

fela-friċġende feorran reh[te];

博識の方は、 遠い昔のことを物語られました；

hwīlum hilde-dēor hearpan wynne,

時には勇敢な武士が 竪琴の喜び〔喜びの竪琴〕を、

gome[n]-wudu grētte, hwīlum ġyd āwræc

慰めの木を爪弾き、 時には物語を語り、

sōð ond sārlīċ; hwīlum syllīċ spell

悲しい実話を、 また時には不思議な話を

rehte æfter rihte rūm-heort cyning;

2110

正しく語られたのです 心の広い国王が；

hwīlum eft ongan, eldo ġebunden

また時には繰り返されました 老いに縛られた

gomel gūð-wiga ġioguðe cwīðan,

古武士 (H) が （失せた）若さを嘆くことを、

hilde-strenġo; hreðer [inn]e wēoll,

戦の力を； 胸の中は沸き返ったのです、

þonne hē wintrum frōd worn ġemunde.

年取って賢くなられた方が 色々思い出されて。

Swā wē þǣr inne and-langne dæġ

2115

nīode nāman, oð ðæt niht becwōm

こうして我々はそこにて ひねもす、 歓楽を尽くしたのです、 夜がやって来るまで、

2103a. maneġum: masc. dat.pl. of moniġ, adj., ‘many’. māðmum: dat.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. 2103b. syððan: conj., when. merġen: masc. nom.sg., ‘morn(ing)’. cōm: ‘came’: pret. 3sg. 2104a. symble: dat.sg. of symbel, neut., feast. 2104b. ġeseten: pp. of ġesittan, st.5, to ‘sit’ down. hæfdon: ‘had’: pret. 1pl. 2105a. Þǣr: adv., ‘there’. ġidd: neut. nom.sg., song. glēo: neut. nom.sg., ‘glee’, mirth. 2105b. gomela: wk. masc. nom.sg., of gomol, adj., aged. Sċilding: masc. nom.sg., i.e. Hrothgar. 2106a. fela-friċġende: adj. ‘much learning’. 2106b. feorran: adv., from far back. reh[te]: pret. 3sg. of reċċan, wk.1, to narrate; A, B relite; emended by Kemble. 2107a. hwīlum (...hwīlum...hwīlum...hwīlum): sometimes (...sometimes...sometimes...sometimes). hwīlum: dat.pl. of hwīl, fem. ‘while’. hilde-dēor: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-brave’ (one). 2107b. hearpan: gen.sg. of hearpe, wk. fem., ‘harp’. wynne: acc.sg. of wyn(n), fem., joy. 2108a. gome[n]-wudu: masc. acc.sg., ‘mirth-wood’; MS go / ...wudu, A, B mel; emended by Grundtvig. grētte: pret. 3sg. of grētan, wk.1, to strum. 2108b. ġyd: neut. acc.sg., story; cf. 2105a. āwræc: pret. 3sg. of ā-wrecan, st.5, to recite. 2109a. sōð: adj., neut. acc.sg., true. sārlīċ: adj., neut. acc.sg., tragic [sorely]. 2109b. syllīċ: adj., neut. acc.sg., strange. spell: neut. acc.sg., tale [spell]. 2110a. rehte: pret. 3sg. reċċan, wk.1, to narrate. æfter: prep., in accordance with. rihte: dat.sg. of riht, neut., what is ‘right’. 2110b. rūm-heort: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘roomy (= generous)-hearted’. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 2111a. eft: adv., in turn. ongan: pret. 3sg. of on-ġinnan, st.3, to ‘begin’. 2111b. eldo: dat.sg. of yldo, wk. fem., old age. ġebunden: pp. of bindan, st.3, to ‘bind’ together. 2112a. gomel: adj., masc. nom.sg., aged; cf. 2105b. gūð-wiga: wk. masc. nom.sg., warrior. 2112b. ġioguðe: acc.sg. of ġeogoð, fem., ‘youth’. cwīðan: wk.1 or 2, inf., to bewail. 2113a. hilde-strenġo: wk. fem. acc.sg., ‘battle-strength’. 2113b. hreðer: neut. nom.sg., heart. [inn]e: adv., within; A mne; emended by Thorkelin. wēoll: pret. 3sg. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’. 2114a. þonne: conj., when. wintrum: dat.pl. of winter, masc., ‘winter’, (in pl.) years. frōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., old and wise. 2114b. worn: masc. acc.sg., a large number of things. ġemunde: pret. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember. 2115a. Swā: adv., ‘so’, thus. þǣr inne: adv., ‘therein’. 2115b. and-langne: masc. acc.sg. of and-lang, adj., entire. dæġ: masc. acc.sg., ‘day’. 2116a. nīode: acc. sg. of nīod, fem., pleasure. nāman: pret. 1pl. of niman, st.4, to take. 2116b. oð ðæt: conj., until. niht: fem. nom.sg., ‘night’. becwōm: ‘came’: pret. 3sg.

177

2120

2125

177r

2130

ōðer tō yldum. Þā wæs eft hraðe

次の夜が人々に。 その後すぐに

ġearo gyrn-wræce Grendeles mōdor,

危害への復讐を準備して グレンデルの母親が、

sīðode sorh-full; sunu dēað fornam,

悲嘆に暮れて訪れたのです； 死が息子を奪ったからです、

wīġ-hete Wedra. Wīf unhȳre

2120

ウェデラスの戦の憎しみが。 恐ろしい女は

hyre bearn ġewræc, beorn ācwealde

彼女の息子の仇を討ったのです、 男を殺して

ellenlīċe; þǣr wæs Æsċhere,

勇敢にも； その時アシュヘレから、

frōdan fyrn-witan feorh ūð-genġe.

知恵ある家老から、 魂が抜けていったのです。

Nōðer hȳ hine ne mōston, syððan merġen cwōm,

しかも彼らはできなかったのです、 朝が来た時

dēað-wēriġne Denia lēode

2125

死んだ彼を デネの人々は

bronde forbærnan, nē on bēl hladan,

火で焼くことも 薪の上に横たえることも

lēofne mannan; |hīo þæt līċ ætbær

愛する者を； 彼女が彼の体を運び去ったのです、

fēondes fæð[mum un]der firġen-strēam.

悪魔の腕に抱えて 山の流れ〔滝〕の下へ。

Þæt wæs Hrōðgāre hrēowa tornost

それはフロースガールにとって 最も辛い悲しみでした、

þāra þe lēod-fruman lange beġēate.

2130

国民の支配者に 長い間に起こった。

2117a. ōðer: fem. nom.sg., another, next. yldum: dat. of ylde, masc., pl., men. 2117b. Þā: adv., then. eft: adv., again. hraðe: adv., quickly. 2118a. ġearo: adj., fem. nom.sg., ready for; w.gen. gyrn-wræce: gen.sg. of gyrnwracu, fem., revenge for injury; gyrn = gryn ‘sorrow’. 2118b. Grendeles: gen. of Grendel. mōdor: fem. nom.sg., ‘mother’. 2119a. sīðode: pret. 3sg. of sīðian, wk.2, to go, hurry. sorh-full: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘sorrowful’. 2119b. sunu: masc. acc.sg., ‘son’. dēað: masc. nom.sg., ‘death’. fornam: pret. 3sg. of for-niman, st.4, to take away. 2120a. wīġ-hete: masc. nom.sg., ‘war-hate’. Wedra: gen. of Wederas, masc. pl., the Weather-Geatas. 2120b. Wīf: neut. nom.sg., woman [wife]. un-hȳre: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘un-gentle’, frightful. 2121a. hyre: ‘her’: gen.; natural gender. bearn: neut. / masc. acc.sg., son. ġewræc: pret. 3sg. of ġewrecan, st.5, to avenge. 2121b. beorn: masc. acc.sg., warrior. ācwealde: pret. 3sg. of ā-cwellan, wk.1, to kill. 2122a. ellenlīċe: adv., courageously. 2122b. þǣr: adv., then. Æsċhere: masc. dat., Hroðgar’s favorite counsellor. 2123a. frōdan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of frōd, adj., old and wise. fyrn-witan: dat.sg. of fyrn-wita, wk. masc., old counsellor. 2123b. feorh: neut. nom.sg., life. ūð-genġe: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘gone away’; w.dat.; ūð-, is a stressed form of oð- away. 2124a. Nōðer: = nō-hwæ ðer: conj., ‘nor’. hȳ: they. hine: ‘him’: acc. mōston: pret. 3pl. of mōtan, pret.-pres., can. 2124b. syððan: conj., when. merġen: masc. nom.sg., ‘morn(ing)’; cf. 2103b. cwōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 2125a. dēað-wēriġne: masc. acc.sg. of dēað-wēriġ, adj., ‘death-weary’ (one), dead. 2125b. Denia: gen. of Dene. lēode: masc. nom.pl., people. 2126a. bronde: dat.sg. of brond, masc., fire. for-bærnan: wk.1, to burn up. 2126b. nē: conj., nor. bēl: masc. acc.sg., funeral pyre. hladan: st.6, to load. 2127a. lēofne: masc. acc.sg. of lēof, adj., dear. mannan: acc.sg. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 2127b. hīo: she. þæt: the, that. līċ: neut. acc.sg., body. ætbær: pret. 3sg. of æ t-beran, st.4, to carry off. 2128a. fēondes: gen.sg. of fēond, masc., ‘fiend’. fæð[mum: dat.sg. of fæ þm, masc., (outstretched) arms [fathom]; MS f.... .. / der, A fað−; restored by Grein and Kemble. 2128b. un]der: w.acc., ‘under’. firġenstrēam: masc. acc.sg., ‘mountain-stream’. 2129a. Þæt: that, it: neut. nom.sg. Hrōðgāre: dat. 2129b. hrēowa: gen. pl. of hrēow, fem., grief. tornost: supl. fem. nom.sg. of torn, adj., bitter. 2130a. þāra þe: rel., which; agrees wth hrēowa. lēod-fruman: acc.sg. of lēod-fruma, wk. masc., ‘people-ruler’. 2130b. lange: adv. ‘long’. beġēate: pret. subj. 3sg. of be-ġitan, st.5, to afflict.

178

2135

2140

Þā se ðēoden meċ ðīne līfe

それから、かの国王は私に 殿のお命に賭けて

healsode hrēoh-mōd, þæt iċ on holma ġeþring

心乱れた方は、懇願されたのです、 私が荒れる海の中へ赴き

eorl-sċipe efnde, ealdre ġenēðde,

立派な働きをし、 命を危険にさらし、

mǣrðo fremede; hē mē mēde ġehēt.

誉れの業をなすようにと； 彼は私に報酬を約束されました。

Iċ ðā ðæs wælmes, þē is wīde cūð,

2135

かくして私はかの渦巻く水の、 それは広く知られています、

grim[n]e gryrelīċne grund-hyrde fond.

恐ろしい獰猛な 海底の番人を見つけたのです。

Þǣr unc hwīle wæs hand ġemǣne;

そこではしばらく我ら二人は 手合わせをしました；

holm heolfre wēoll, ond iċ hēafde beċearf

水は血で湧き返り、 私は首を切り落としました

in ðām [gūð]-sele Grendeles mōdor

あの戦の広間で グレンデルの母親の、

ēacnum eċġum. Unsōfte þonan

2140

feorh oðferede; næs iċ fǣġe þā ġȳt;

強力な刃で。 そこからやっと 命を運び出したのです； 私はまだその時死すべき運命 になかったのです；

ac mē eorla hlēo eft ġesealde

そして貴人の保護者は 再び下さったのです、

māðma meniġeo, maga Healfdenes.

沢山の宝物を、 ヘアルフデネのご子息は。

2131a. Þā: adv., then. se: the; nom.sg. ðēoden: masc. nom.sg., leader. meċ: ‘me’: acc. 2131b. ðīne: ‘thy, thine’: neut. instr.sg. of þīn. līfe: instr.-dat.sg. of līf, neut., ‘life’; by thy life. 2132a. healsode: pret. 3sg. of healsian, wk.2, to beg. hrēoh-mōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘rough (= troubled) mind’ (one). 2132b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. on: prep., w. acc., into. holma: gen.pl. of holm, masc., sea, water. ġeþring: neut. acc.sg., tumult. 2133a. eorl-sċipe: masc. acc. sg., heroic deed. efnde: pret. 1sg. of æ fnan, efnan, wk.1, to perform. 2133b. ealdre: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. ġenēðde: pret. subj. 1sg. of ġenēþan, wk.1, to venture on; w.dat. 2134a. mǣrðo: fem. acc.sg., glory. fremede: pret. subj. 1sg. of fremman, wk.1, to perform. 2134b. mē: ‘me’: dat. mēde: acc.sg. of mēd, fem., reward [mead]. ġehēt: pret. 3sg. of ġehātan, st.7, to promise. 2135a. ðā: adv., then. ðæs: the: masc. gen.sg. wælmes: gen.sg. of wylm, masc., ‘welling’, flood; modifies grund-hyrde. 2135b. þē: rel. particle., which. wīde: adv., widely. cūð: adj., masc. nom.sg., well known. 2136a. grim[n]e: masc. acc.sg. of grim(m), adj., ‘grim’, fierce; MS grimme; emended by Thorpe. gryrelīċne: masc. acc.sg. of gryrelīċ, adj., horrible. 2136b. grund-hyrde: masc. acc.sg., warden of the deep [ground]. fond: pret. 1sg. of findan, st.3, to ‘find’. 2137a. Þǣr: adv., ‘there’. unc: us two: dat. dual; poss. hwīle: acc.sg. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’; adverbial. 2137b. hand: fem. nom.sg., ‘hand’. ġemǣne: adj., fem. nom.sg., shared. 2138a. holm: masc. nom.sg., sea, water. heolfre: dat.sg. of heolfor, masc. / neut., blood. wēoll: pret. 3sg. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’ (up). 2138b. ond: nearly ‘when’. hēafde: dat.sg. of hēafod, neut., ‘head’. beċearf: pret. 1sg. of be-ċeorfan, st.3, to cut off [carve]; w.acc. of person (mōdor) & dat. of thing (hēafde). 2139a. ðām: the: masc. dat. sg. [gūð]-sele: masc. dat.sg., ‘battle-hall’; MS ðām s...; A, B sele; restored by Thorpe. 2139b. Grendeles: gen. of Grendel. mōdor: fem. acc.sg., ‘mother’. 2140a. ēacnum: fem. dat.pl. of ēacen, adj. (pp.), large, mighty. eċġum: dat.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’, sword. 2140b. Un-sōfte: adv., ‘un-softly’, with difficulty. þonan: adv., ‘thence’. 2141a. feorh: neut. acc.sg., life. oðferede: pret. 1sg. of oð-ferian, wk.1, to bear away. 2141b. næs: ‘was not’. fǣġe: adj., masc. nom.sg., fated. þā gȳt: adv., yet. 2142a. ac: conj., (not...) but. mē: ‘me’: dat. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman. hlēo: masc. nom.sg., protector. 2142b. eft: adv., again. ġesealde: pret. 3sg. of ġesellan, wk.1, to give [sell]. 2143a. māðma: gen.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. meniġeo: wk. fem. acc.sg., multitude. 2143b. maga: wk. masc. nom.sg., son. Healfdenes: gen.

179

XXXI

XXXI

“Swā se ðēod-kyning þēawum lyfde;

 このように、かの国王は 良き習わしに従って生きられた；

2145

nealles iċ ðām lēanum forloren hæfde,

177v

mæġnes mēde, ac hē mē |[māðmas] ġeaf,

力の （行使の）返礼を、 彼は私に宝物を賜ったのです、

sunu Healfdenes, on [mīn]ne sylfes dōm;

ヘアルフデネのご子息は、 私自身に選ばせて；

ðā iċ ðē, beorn-cyning, bringan wylle,

それらを私は殿に、戦士らの王よ、 持参し、

ēstum ġeȳwan. Ġēn is eall æt ðē

心から献上致したく存じます。 今なおすべては

2150

lissa ġelong; iċ lȳt hafo

2145

2150 （私の） 喜びの、あなた次第です； 私には殆どおりません、

近親者は、 ヒュエラーク、殿以外には ! 』

hēafod-māga nefne, Hyġelāc, ðeċ!” Hēt ðā in beran eafor-hēafod-seġn,

2155

私もその報酬を （得る機会を）失ったことはなく、

 それから運び入れるように命じた 猪頭像の旗、

heaðo-stēapne helm, hāre byrnan,

戦に聳え立つ兜、 灰色の鎧、

gūð-sweord ġeatolīċ, ġyd æfter wræc:

飾りの付いた戦刀を、 その後次の言葉を述べた：

“Mē ðis hilde-sċeorp Hrōðgār sealde,

2155 『私にこの戦衣を フロースガールが下さり、

snotra fenġel; sume worde hēt

賢明なる王が、 いくばくかの言葉で命じられて、

2144a. Swā: adv., thus. se: the, that; masc. nom.sg. ðēod-kyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘people-king’. 2144b. þēawum: dat.pl. of þēaw, masc., custom. lyfde: pret. 3sg. of libban, lifġan, wk.3, to live. 2145a. nealles: adv., not at all. ðām: the, that: neut. dat.pl. lēanum: dat.pl. of lēan, neut., reward. 2145b. forloren: pp. of for-lēosan, st.2, to ‘lose’; w.dat. hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 1sg., aux. 2146a. mæġnes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., ‘main’, strength. mēde: dat.sg. of mēd, fem., reward [meed]. 2146b. ac: conj., (not…) but. mē: ‘me’: dat. [māðmas]: acc.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure; MS lost in the margin; restored by Grundtvig. ġeaf: pret. 3sg. of ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’. 2147a. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’. Healfdenes: gen. of Healfdene. 2147b. on: prep., w.acc., at. [mīn]ne: masc. acc.sg. of mīn, ‘my, mine’; B …ne; restored by Kemble. sylfes: masc. gen.sg. of self, sylf, ‘self’, own. dōm: masc. acc.sg., choice [doom]. 2148a. ðā: those: acc. ðē: ‘thee’: dat. beorn-cyning: masc. voc.sg., ‘warrior-king’. 2148b. bringan: wk.1, to ‘bring’. wylle: pres. 1sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’. 2149a. ēstum: dat.pl. of ēst, fem., good will; (adverbially) willingly. ġeȳwan: wk. 1, to present. 2149b. Ġēn: adv., still. eall: ‘all’: neut. nom.sg. æt: prep., w.dat., on. ðē: see 2148a. 2150a. lissa: gen.pl. of liss, fem., joy. ġelong: adj., neut. nom.sg., dependent on (æ t). 2150b. lȳt: neut. acc.sg., few; w.gen. hafo: ‘have’: pres. 1sg. 2151a. hēafod-māga: gen.pl. of hēafod-mǣ ġ, masc., ‘head (= near)-relative’. 2151b. nefne: conj., except; iċ hafo omitted . Hyġelāc: voc. ðeċ: ‘thee’: acc. 2152a. Hēt: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order, command; with the omitted subject Beowulf; w. inf.; see Com. ðā: adv., then. in: adv., ‘in’. beran: st.4, inf., to carry. 2152b. eafor-hēafod-seġn: masc. / neut. acc.sg., ‘wild boar-head-banner’; see Com. 2153a. heaðo-stēapne: masc. acc.sg. of heaþo-stēap, adj., ‘battle-steep’, towering in battle. helm: masc. acc. sg., ‘helmet’. 2153b. hāre: fem. acc.sg. of hār, adj., ‘hoary’, grey. byrnan: acc.sg. of byrne, wk. fem., coat of mail. 2154a. gūð-sweord: neut. acc.sg., ‘war-‘sword’. ġeatolīċ: adj., neut. acc.sg., ornamented, adorned. 2154b. ġyd: neut. acc.sg., story. æfter: adv., afterwards. wræc: pret. 3sg. of wrecan, st.5, to utter, recite. 2155a. Mē: ‘me’: dat. ðis: ‘this’: neut. acc. hilde-sċeorp: neut. acc.sg., ‘battle-garment’, armour. 2155b. sealde: pret. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to give, present [sell]. 2156a. snotra: wk. masc. nom.sg. of snotor, adj., wise. fenġel: masc. nom.sg., lord, king. 2156b. sume: neut. instr.-dat.sg. of sum, ‘some’. worde: instr.-dat.sg. of word, neut., ‘word’. hēt: see 2152a.

180

2160

þæt iċ his ǣrest ðē ēst ġesæġde;

私が先ず第一に殿にこの品の 由来を述べるよう

cwæð þæt hyt hæfde Hiorogār cyning,

言われました、その持ち主は ヘオロガール王、

lēod Sċyldunga lange hwīle.

シュルディンガスの国王だったと、 長い間。

Nō ðȳ ǣr suna sīnum syllan wolde,

2160

とはいっても彼の王子に 与えるつもりはなかったのだと、

hwatum Heorowearde, þēah hē him hold wǣre,

勇敢なヘオロウェアルドに、 たとえ彼が自分に忠実でも、

brēost-ġewǣdu. Brūc ealles well!’

胸当てを。 すべてを存分にお楽しみ下さい！』  私は聞きました、それらの飾物に 4 頭の馬、

Hȳrde iċ þæt þām frætwum fēower mēaras lungre, ġelīċe lāst weardode,

駿馬にして相似たものが 続いたと、 栗毛の馬が； つまり彼 (B) が彼 (H) に贈物を差し上げたと、

2165

æppel-fealuwe; hē him ēst ġetēah

178r

mēara ond māðma. Swā sċeal |mǣġ dō[a]n,

馬と宝物を。 このように血族は行うべきである、

nealles inwit-net ōðrum breġdon,

決して悪意の網を 他の血族に張るべきではない、

dyrnum cræfte, dēað rēn[ian]

秘密の策略を用いて； 死を準備すべきでない、

hond-ġesteallan. Hyġelāce wæs

親しき友に。 ヒュエラークに対し

2165

2157a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. his: its: neut. gen.sg. of hit, ‘it’: modifies ēst. ǣrest: first: supl. of ǣ r, adv., early. ðē: ‘thee’: dat. 2157b. ēst: fem. acc.sg., bequest, gift; his…ēst, ‘its transmission’ i.e. its history’ (Klaeber’s Notes, p. 206). ġesæġde: pret. subj. 1sg. of ġeseċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’, tell. 2158a. cwæð: pret. 3sg. of cweðan, st.5, to say [quoth]. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hyt: it; acc. hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’, hold. 2158b. Hiorogār: = Heorogār: masc. nom., Danish king, elder brother of Hrothgar. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 2159a. lēod: masc. nom.sg., member of a tribe. Sċyldunga: gen. of Sċyldingas. 2159b. lange: fem. acc.sg. of long, adj., ‘long’. hwīle: acc.sg. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’; adverbial. 2160a. Nō ðȳ ǣr: ‘yet...not’. suna: dat.sg. of sunu, masc., ‘son’. sīnum: his: masc. dat.sg. of sīn. 2160b. syllan: wk.1, to give, offer. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’. 2161a. hwatum: masc. dat.sg. of hwæ t, adj., brave, valiant. Heorowearde: dat.sg. of Heoroweard, masc., son of Heorogar. 2161b. þēah: conj., ‘though’; with subj. him: ‘him’: dat. hold: adj., masc. nom.sg., loyal, faithful. wǣre: were; subj. 3sg. of wesan, st.5, to be. 2162a. brēost-ġewǣdu: acc.pl. of brēost-ġewǣ de, neut., ‘breast-garment’, corslet. 2162b. Brūc: imper. sg. of brūcan, st.2, to use, enjoy; w.gen. ealles: neut. gen.sg. of eal(l). ‘all’. well: adv., ‘well’. 2163a. Hȳrde: pret. 1sg. of hȳran, wk.1, to ‘hear’ of. þæt: conj., ‘that’. þām: the: dat.pl. frætwum: dat. of fræ twe, fem.pl., decorated armour or weapons. 2163b. fēower: ‘four’. mēaras: nom.pl. of mearh, masc., horse [mare]. 2164a. lungre: masc. nom.pl. of lungor, adj., swift. ġelīċe: masc. nom.pl. of ġelīċ, adj., alike. 2164b. lāst weardode: followed. lāst: masc. acc.sg., track. weardode: pret. 3sg. of weardian, wk.2, to occupy; w.dat. (þām fræ twum); weardode may be the pret.pl., subj. without -on (see Jack, p. 154). 2165a. æppel-fealuwe: masc. nom.pl. of æ ppel-fealu, adj., ‘apple-fallow’, bay. 2165b. him: ‘him’: dat. ēst: fem. acc.sg., gift, bounty. ġetēah: pret. 3sg. of ġetēon, st.1, to give. 2166a. mēara: gen.pl. of mearh,; see 2163b. māðma: gen.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. 2166b. Swā: adv., in this manner. sċeal: pres. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., ‘shall’, ought to. mǣġ: masc. nom.sg., kinsman. dō[a]n: anom., to ‘do’; MS don; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 2167a. nealles: adv., not at all; see Com. inwit-net: neut. acc.sg., ‘malice-net’. 2167b. ōðrum: masc. dat.sg. of ōðer, ‘other’. breġdon: = -an, st.3, inf., to weave. 2168a. dyrnum: masc. dat.sg. of dyrne, adj., secret. cræfte: dat.sg. of cræ ft, masc., cunning. 2168b. dēað: masc. acc.sg., ‘death’. rēn[ian]: wk.2, to prepare; B ren; restored by Kemble. 2169a. hond-ġesteallan: dat.sg. of hand-ġestealla, wk. masc., ‘one who stands at hand’, comrade. 2169b. Hyġelāce: dat.

181

2170

2175

nīða heardum nefa swȳðe hold,

2170

ond ġehwæðer ōðrum hrōþra ġemyndiġ.

そうしてお互いに 喜びを念じていた。

Hȳrde iċ þæt hē ðone heals-bēah Hyġde ġesealde,

私は聞いたのです、彼がかの首飾りを ヒュイドに献上したと、

wrǣtlīċne wundur-māððum, ðone þe him Wealhðēo ġeaf,

装飾豊かな驚異の宝を、 ウェアルホセーオウが、

ðēod[nes] dohtor, þrīo wiċġ somod

彼に賜ったものを王の娘 (H) に、3 頭の馬と共に

swancor ond sadol-beorht; hyre syððan wæs

2175

æfter bēah-ðeġe br[ē]ost ġeweorðod.

優美にして鞍の輝く； その後彼女の胸は、 宝環の受納後は、 （それで）飾られたと。

Swā bealdode bearn Eċġðēowes,

2180

戦に勇敢なる人に対し、 甥は非常に忠実だった、

 かく武勇を示した エッジセーオウの息子は、

guma gūðum cūð, gōdum dǣdum,

戦に名高き武士は、 勇敢な行ないによって、

drēah æfter dōme, nealles druncne slōg

名誉を求めて振る舞い 決して殺めたことはない、酔った

heorð-ġenēatas; næs him hrēoh sefa,

2180

炉端の友らを； 彼の心は残忍ではなく、

ac hē man-cynnes mǣste cræfte

彼は人類の中で 最も強い （自制）力をもって

ġin-fæstan ġife, þē him God sealde,

豊かな天賦の才を、 神が与え給うたものを、

2170a. nīða: gen.pl. of nīð, masc., war; gen. of respect. heardum: masc. dat.sg. of heard, adj., brave [hard]. 2170b. nefa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘nephew’. swȳðe: adv., very. hold: adj., masc. nom.sg., loyal. 2171a. ġehwæðer: pron., masc. nom.sg., each (of two). ōðrum: masc. dat.sg. of ōðer, ‘other’ 2171b. hrōþra: gen.pl. of hrōþor, neut., joy. ġemyndiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., mindful (of); w.gen. 2172a. Hȳrde: see 2163a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ðone: the: masc. acc.sg. heals-bēah: acc.sg. of heals-bēag, masc., ‘neck-ring’, collar. 2172b. Hyġde: dat. of Hyġd, wife of Hygelac. ġesealde: pret. 3sg. of ġesellan, wk.1, to give. 2173a. wrǣtlīċne: masc. acc.sg. of wrǣ tlīċ, adj., ornamented. wundur-māððum: masc. acc.sg., ‘wondrous jewel’. 2173b. ðone þe: rel. pron., which; masc. acc.sg. him: ‘him’: dat. Wealhðēo: fem. nom., consort of Hrothgar. ġeaf: pret. 3sg. of ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’. 2174a. ðēod[nes]: gen.sg. of þēoden, masc., king; A, B ðēod; restored by Kemble. dohtor: fem. dat.sg., ‘daughter’, i.e. Hygd; but Klaeber takes dohtor as acc. and Wealhtheow. 2174b. þrīo: = þrēo: neut. acc., ‘three’. wiċġ: neut. acc.pl., horse. somod: adv., also. 2175a. swancor: adj., neut. acc.pl., graceful. sadol-beorht: adj., neut. acc.pl., ‘saddle-bright’. 2175b. hyre: ‘her’: poss. dat.; modifies br[ē]ost. syððan: adv., afterwards [since]. 2176a. æfter: ‘after’. bēah-ðeġe: dat.sg. of bēah-ðegu, fem., ‘ring-receiving’. 2176b. br[ē]ost: neut. fem. nom.sg., ‘breast’; MS brost; emended by Thorpe. ġeweorðod: pp. of weorðian, wk.2, to adorn. 2177a. Swā: adv., thus. bealdode: pret. 3sg. of bealdian, wk.2, to show oneself ‘bold’. 2177b. bearn: neut. / masc. nom.sg., son. Eċġðēowes: gen. of Eċġðēow. 2178a. guma: wk. masc. nom.sg., man. gūðum: dat.pl. of gūð, fem., battle. cūð: adj., masc. nom.sg., well known. 2178b. gōdum: fem. dat.pl. of gōd, adj., daring. dǣdum: dat.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’, act. 2179a. drēah: pret. 3sg. of drēogan, st.2, to behave oneself. æfter: prep., w.dat., striving ‘after’. dōme: dat.sg. of dōm, masc., glory. 2179b. nealles: adv., not at all. druncne: masc. acc.pl. of druncen, ‘drunken’; modifies heorð-ġenēatas. slōg: pret. 3sg. of slēan, st.6, to ‘slay’. 2180a. heorð-ġenēatas: acc.pl. of heorð-ġenēat, masc. ‘hearth-companion’; see Com. 2180b. næs: ‘was not’. him: ‘him’: poss. dat.; modifies sefa. hrēoh: adj., masc. nom.sg., savage. sefa: wk. masc. nom.sg., mind. 2181a. ac: conj., (not...) but rather; see Com. man-cynnes: gen.sg. of mon-cynn, neut., ‘mankind’. 2181b. mǣste: ‘greatest’: masc. instr.sg. cræfte: instr.-dat.sg. of cræ ft, masc., strength [craft]; see Com. 2182a. ġin-fæstan: wk. fem. acc.sg. of ġin-fæ st, ġim-fæ st, adj., ‘wide-secured’, ample. ġife: acc.sg. of ġifu, fem., ‘gift’. 2182b. þē: rel. particle, which. sealde: pret. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to give.

182

hēold hilde-dēor. Hēan wæs lange,

勇士は保持したのだった。 ずっと蔑まれていた、

swā hyne Ġēata bearn gōdne ne tealdon,

イェーアタスの子らは彼を 勇敢とはみなかったし、

2185

nē hyne on medo-benċe miċles wyrðne

178v

|drihten We[d]e[r]a ġedōn wolde;

ウェデラスの王は 取らせるつもりはなかったので；

swȳðe [wēn]don, þæt hē slēac wǣre,

彼らは大いに思った、 彼は怠惰で

æðeling unfrom. Edwenden cwōm

柔弱な王子であると。 逆転が訪れたのだった、

tīr-ēadiġum menn torna ġehwylċes.

栄光の人 (B) に あらゆる悲しみの。

2190

2195

Hēt ðā eorla hlēo in ġefetian,

2185

2190

また彼に酒宴の席でも 大いなる褒美を

 それから貴人らの守護者は命じられた、 運び入れよと、

heaðo-rōf cyning Hrēðles lāfe

戦に勇敢なる王は、 フレーゼルの遺品を、

golde ġeġyrede; næs mid Ġēatum ðā

金で飾られたものを； その時イェーアタスにはなかった

sinc-māðþum sēlra on sweordes hād;

それ以上に優れた宝物は 剣の形をしたもので；

þæt hē on Bīowulfes bearm āleġde,

それを彼はベーオウルフの 膝の上に置かれた、

ond him ġesealde seofan þūsendo,

2195

そして彼に賜った 7 千ハイドの土地と

2183a. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to hold, keep. hilde-dēor: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-brave’ (one). 2183b. Hēan: adj., masc. nom.sg., despised. wæs: ‘was’; the subject Beowulf omitted. lange: adv., ‘long’. 2184a. swā: conj., because, as. hyne: him; acc. Ġēata: gen.pl. of Ġēatas. bearn: neut. / masc. nom.pl., descendants. 2184b. gōdne: masc. acc.sg. of gōd, adj., proper, brave. tealdon: pret. 3pl. of tellan, wk.1, to consider. 2185a. nē: conj., nor. hyne: see 2184a. on: prep., w.dat., at. medo-benċe: dat.sg. of medo-benċ, fem., ‘mead-bench’, i.e. feast. 2185b. miċles: neut. gen.sg. of miċel, adj., ‘much’, great (thing). wyrðne: masc. acc.sg. of wyrðe, adj., entitled to, possessed of; w.gen; micles wyrðne ġedon, ‘bestow large gifts’ (Klaeber’s Notes, p. 207). 2186a. drihten: masc. nom.sg., lord, chief. We[d]e[r]a: gen. of Wederas, Geatas; MS wereda; emended by Cosijn; some editors retain it as neut. gen.pl. of werod ‘troop’. 2186b. ġedōn: anom., to make, render. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., to intend, ‘will’. 2187a. swȳðe: adv., very, much. [wēn]don: pret. 3pl. of wēnan, wk.1, to ‘ween’, think; A, B ...don; restored by Grein. 2187b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. slēac: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘slack’, slothful. wǣre: ‘were’: subj. 3sg. 2188a. æðeling: masc. nom.sg., prince. un-from: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘un-bold’, feeble. 2188b. Edwenden: fem. nom.sg., reversal. cwōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 2189a. tīr-ēadiġum: masc. dat.sg. of tīr-ēadiġ, adj., ‘glory blessed’, famous. menn: dat.sg. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 2189b. torna: gen.pl. of torn, neut., grief. ġehwylċes: neut. gen.sg. of ġehwylċ, every. 2190a. Hēt: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order, command; w. inf. ðā: adv., then. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman. hlēo: masc. nom.sg., protector. 2190b. in: adv., ‘in’. ġefetian: wk.2, inf., to ‘fetch’, bring. 2191a. heaðo-rōf: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-brave’. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 2191b. Hrēðles: gen. of Hrēþel, masc., father of Hygelac, maternal grandfather of Beowulf. lāfe: acc.sg. of lāf, fem., legacy. 2192a. golde: dat.sg. of gold, neut., ‘gold’. ġeġyrede: pp. fem. acc.sg. of ġyrwan, wk.1, to adorn. 2192b. næs: ‘was not’. mid: prep., w.dat., among. Ġēatum: dat. of Ġēatas. ðā: adv., then. 2193a. sinc-māðþum: masc. nom.sg., ‘treasure-treasure’. sēlra: better: masc. nom.sg., compar. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. 2193b. on: prep., w.acc., in. sweordes: gen.sg. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. hād: masc. acc.sg., form. 2194a. þæt: that, it; neut. acc.sg. on: prep., w.acc., onto. Bīowulfes: gen. 2194b. bearm: masc. acc.sg., bosom, lap. āleġde: pret. 3sg. of ā-leċġan, wk.1, to ‘lay’, put. 2195a. him: ‘him’: dat. ġesealde: pret. 3sg. of ġesellan, wk.1, to give. 2195b. seofan: acc. of seofon, ‘seven’. þūsendo: acc.pl. of þūsend, neut., ‘thousand’; with hīd ‘hide’ understood.

183

2200

2205

179r

bold ond brego-stōl. Him wæs bām samod

館と領主の座を。 彼ら二人に共に

on ðām lēod-sċipe lond ġecynde,

その国では 国土が相続されたのだった、

eard ēðel-riht, ōðrum swīðor

地所と伝来の特権が、 片方の人に特により

sīde rīċe þām ðǣr sēlra wæs.

広い王国が（相続された） 、 そこではより位が高かったので。

Eft þæt ġeīode ufaran dōgrum

2200

 その後、次のことが起こった 後年

hilde-hlæmmum, syððan Hyġelāc læġ,

幾多の合戦を経て、 即ちヒュエラークが戦死し、

ond Hear[dr]ēde hilde-mēċeas

またヘアルドレード〔王〕を 戦の刃が

under bord-hrēoðan tō bonan wurdon ―

楯の下で 殺害した後に ―

ðā hyne ġesōhtan on siġe-þēode

その時彼 (Hr) を襲い 誉れ高い国民 (Geatas) の間で

hearde hil[d]-frecan, Heaðo-Sċilfingas,

2205

勇敢な戦士らが、 「戦の」シュルヴィンガスが、

nīða ġenǣġdan nefan Hererīċes ―

力ずくで攻めたのだ ヘレリーチの甥 (Hr) を ―

syððan |Bēowulfe brāde rīċe

その時ベーオウルフに、 広い国土が 

on hand ġehwearf; hē ġehēold tela

手中に入るということが。 彼はよく統治した

2196a. bold: neut. acc.sg., dwelling, house. brego-stōl: masc. acc.sg., ‘ruler-seat’. 2196b. Him: them; dat.pl. bām: masc.dat. of bēġen, both. samod: adv., together. 2197a. on: prep., w.dat., in. ðām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. lēod-sċipe: masc. dat.sg., ‘nation-ship’, country. 2197b. lond: neut. nom.sg., ‘land’. ġecynde: adj., neut. nom.sg., inherited. 2198a. eard: masc. nom.sg., estate. ēðel-riht: neut. nom.sg., ‘native right’, ancestral domain; appositive to eard. 2198b. ōðrum: other; masc. dat.sg. of ōðer; refers to Hygelac. swīðor: more; compar. of swīðe, adv., very. 2199a. sīde: wk. neut. nom.sg. of sīd, adj., large. rīċe: neut. nom.sg., kingdom, realm. 2199b. þām: rel. pron., masc. dat.sg., whom; agrees with ōðrum. ðǣr: adv., ‘there’. sēlra: ‘higher in rank’: masc. nom.sg., compar. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. 2200a. Eft: adv., afterwards; see Com. þæt: it; neut. nom.sg.; the correl. þæ t omitted or anticipates the passage beginning at 2201b syððan. ġeīode: pret. 3sg. of ġegān, anom., to happen. 2200b. ufaran: neut. dat.pl. of ufera, ufara, compar., later. dōgrum: dat.pl. of dōgor, neut., day; adverbial. 2201a. hilde-hlæmmum: dat.pl. of hilde-hlæ m(m), masc., crash of battle. 2201b. syððan (...syððan in 2207b): when (...after). Hyġelāc: masc. nom. læġ: pret. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’ dead. 2202a. Hear[dr]ēde: dat. of Heardrēd, masc., son of Hygelac, Geatish king; MS hearede; emended by Grundtvig. 2202b. hilde-mēċeas: nom.pl. of hilde-mēċe, masc., ‘battle-sword’. 2203a. bord-hrēoðan: dat.sg. of bord-hrēoða, wk. masc., cover or protection of the shield [board]. 2203b. bonan: dat.sg. of bana, wk. masc., killer, slayer. wurdon: pret. 3pl. of weorðan, st.3, with tō, to become. 2204a. ðā: conj., when. hyne: ‘him’: acc.; Heardred. ġesōhtan: pret. 3pl. of ġesēċan, wk.1, to attack. 2204b. on: prep., w.dat., among. siġe-þēode: dat.sg. of siġe-þēod, fem., ‘victory-people’. 2205a. hearde: masc. nom.pl. of heard, adj., ‘hard’, strong, brave.

hil[d]-frecan: nom.pl. of hild-freca, wk. masc., ‘war-man’, warrior.

2205b.

Heaðo-

Sċilfingas: masc. nom.pl., ‘Battle-Scylfingas’, Swedes. 2206a. nīða: gen.pl. of nīð, masc., battle; ‘by force’. ġenǣġdan: pret. 3pl. of ġenǣ ġan, wk.1, to ‘approach’, assail; cf. nēah ‘near’. 2206b. nefan: acc.sg. of nefa, wk. masc., ‘nephew’. Hererīċes: gen.sg. of Hererīċ, uncle of Heardred, i.e. brother of Hygd. 2207a. syððan: adv., then. Bēowulfe: poss. dat. 2207b. brāde: wk. neut. nom.sg. of brād, adj., ‘broad’, wide. rīċe: neut. nom.sg., kingdom. 2208a. on: prep., w.acc., into. hand: fem. acc.sg., ‘hand’. ġehwearf: pret. 3sg. of ġehweorfan, st.3, to go. 2208b. ġehēold: pret. 3sg. of ġehealdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, rule. tela: adv., well.

184

50 年間というもの  ― はや彼は老王で、

fīftiġ wintra ― wæs ðā frōd cyning, 2210

2215

2220

eald ēþel-weard ― oð ðæt ān ongan

2210

年取った祖国の守護者だった ―  ついに一匹の

deorcum nihtum draca rīcs[i]an,

暗い夜な夜な 龍が支配し始めた。

sē ðe on hēa[um hofe] hord beweotode,

そ奴は高所の棲家で 宝庫を守っていたのだった、

stān-beorh stēapne; stīġ under læġ

高く聳えた岩室を； その下に小道がついていた

eldum uncūð. Þǣr on innan ġīong

人知れず。 そこへ入って行った

niða nāt-hwylċ, [sē þe nē]h ġefēng

2215

人間のある者が、 彼は近づき物を取った

hǣðnum horde, hond [wǣġe nam],

異教の宝庫に、 その手は杯を掴んだ、

[sīd,] since fāh; nē hē þæt syððan [bemāð],

大きな、宝飾の； 龍はその件をその後隠しておかなかった、

þ[ēah] ð[e hē] slǣpende besyre[d wurde]

もっとも睡眠中に 罠にはまったのだったが

þēofes cræfte; þæt sīe ðīod [onfand],

盗人の巧みな； その国民は気づいた、

b[ū]-folc beorna, þæt hē ġebolge[n] wæs.

2220

近くに住む戦士らは 龍が憤怒に燃えているのに。

2209a. fiftiġ: acc., ‘fifty’. wintra: gen.pl. of winter, masc., ‘winter’; pl., years. 2209b. ðā: adv., then. frōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., old and wise. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 2210a. eald: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘old’. ēþel-weard: masc. nom.sg., ‘native land-guardian’, king. 2210b. oð ðæt: conj., until; see Com. ān: a certain one; masc. nom.sg.; modifies draca. ongan: pret. 3sg. of on-ġinnan, st.3, to ‘begin’. 2211a. deorcum: fem. dat.pl. of deorc, adj., ‘dark’. nihtum: dat.pl. of niht, fem., ‘night’; adverbial. 2211b. draca: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘dragon’. rīcs[i]an: wk.2, to rule; cf. rīċe ‘kingdom’; A ricsan; emended by Kemble. 2212a. sē ðe: rel. pron., who, the one that. on: prep., w.dat., at. hēa[um: neut. dat.sg. of hēah, adj., ‘high’. hofe]: dat.sg. of hof, neut., dwelling; MS illegible; restored by Sedgefield. 2212b. hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘hoard’. beweotode: pret. 3sg. of be-witian, wk.2, to watch over. 2213a. stān-beorh: masc. acc.sg., ‘stone-barrow’. stēapne: masc. acc.sg. of, stēap, adj., ‘steep’, towering. 2213b. stīġ: fem. nom.sg., path. under: adv., beneath. læġ: pret. 3sg. of lċġgan, st.5, to ‘lie’. 2214a. eldum: dat. of ylde, masc. pl., men. uncūð: adj., fem. nom.sg., unknown. 2214b. Þǣr: adv., ‘there’. on innan: within, inside. ġīong: pret. 3sg. of gangan, st.7, to go. 2215a. niða: gen. of niþðas, masc. pl., men.

nāt-hwyl[ċ]: masc. nom.sg., unknown

someone. 2215b. [sē þe: see 2212a. nē]h: prep., w.dat. (horde), near [nigh]; MS illegible; restored by Sedgefield. ġefēng: pret. 3sg. of ġefōn, st.7, to seize. 2216a. hǣðnum: neut. dat.sg. of hǣ ðen, adj., ‘heathen’. horde: dat.sg. of hord, neut., ‘hoard’. 2216b. hond: masc. nom.sg., ‘hand’. [wǣġe: neut. acc.sg., cup. nam]: pret. 3sg. of niman, st.4, to seize; not clear in MS; restored by Trautmann. 2217a. [sīd]: sdj., neut. acc.sg., large; MS illegible; restored by Klaeber. since: dat.sg. of sinc, neut., treasure. fāh: adj., neut. acc.sg., ornamented. 2217b. nē: adv., not. hē: ‘he’, i.e. draca. þæt: ‘that’, it: neut. acc.sg.; B þæ t; M & R (p. 126) omitted this, because of making no sense. syððan: adv., afterwards. [bemāð]: pret. 3sg. of bemīðan, st.1, to conceal; MS illegible; restored by Klaeber. 2218a. þ[ēah] ð[e: conj., ‘though’. hē]: ‘he’; MS þ... ð....; restored by Zupitza. slǣpende: pres. part. of slǣ pan, st.7, to ‘sleep’. 2218b. besyre[d: pp. of be-syrwan, wk.1, to ensnare. wurde]: subj., 3sg, of weorðan, st.3, to be. 2219a. þēofes: gen.sg. of þēof, masc., ‘thief’. cræfte: instr.-dat.sg. of cræ ft, masc., cunning. 2219b. þæt (..þæt): it (...that). sīe: = sēo: the: fem. nom.sg. ðīod: fem. nom.sg., nation. [onfand]: pret. 3sg. of on-findan, st.3, to ‘find’ out; MS illegible; restored by Grein. 2220a. b[ū]-folc: neut. nom.sg., ‘neighbouring people’; MS b.folc; suggested by Malone, JEGP, 27(1928), 318-24. beorna: gen.pl. of beorn, masc., warrior. 2220b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ġebolge[n]: enraged, pp. of ġebelgan, st.3, to anger; MS ge bolge.; emended by Grein.

185

XXXII

XXXII

2225

179v

2230

 Nealles mid ġewealdum wyrm-hord ā[b]ræ[c],

 決して自ら進んで 龍の宝庫に押し入ったのではなく、

sylfes willum, sē ðe him sāre ġesċeōd,

己の意思から、 龍の心をひどく傷つけた者は、

ac for þrēa-nēdlan þ[ēow] nāt-hwylċes

困ったあげく ある人の奴隷は

hæleða bearna hete-swenġeas flē[a]h,

人の子らの 憎しみの殴打をのがれて、

[ærnes] þearfa, ond ðǣr inne [f]eal[h],

2225

家なしとなり、 ここへ入り込んだのだった、

seċġ syn-[by]siġ, sōna [onfun]de,

罪を犯した男は、 すぐに分かった、

þæt [þǣr] ðām ġyst[e] [gryre]-br[ō]g[a] stōd;

そこではこの訪問客に 恐怖が生じるのが、

hwæ[ðre] [earm]-sċeapen |………………..

だが哀れな者は ・・・・・・・・・・・・

……………………… ………… sċeapen

・・・・・・・ ・・・蒔かれた

………………….. [þā hyne] se fǣr beġeat. Sinc-fæt ……

2230

þǣr wæs swylċra fela

・・・・・・・ 危険が彼に迫ったとき。 豪華な酒杯は・・； それはそれは多くあった

in ðām eorð-[hū]se ǣr-ġestrēona,

その土の家〔洞窟〕の中には 古の宝物が、

2221a. Nealles: adv., not at all. mid ġewealdum: of his own accord. mid: prep., w.dat., with. ġewealdum: dat.pl. of ġeweald, neut., power. 2221b. wyrm-hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘dragon-hoard’. ā[b]ræ[c]: pret. 3sg. of ā-brecan, st.4, to break into; MS wyrm horda / cræ ft; emended by Kaluza. 2222a. sylfes: masc. gen.sg. of self, sylf, refl. pron., his own self. willum: dat.pl. of willa, wk. masc., ‘will’. 2222b. sē ðe: rel., pron., he who. him: ‘him’, i.e. Dragon: dat. sāre: adv., ‘sorely’, painfully [G. sehr]. ġesċeōd: pret. 3sg. of ġesċeþðan, st.6, to injure, harm; w.dat. 2223a. ac: conj., (not...) but. for: prep., w.dat., for, because of. þrēa-nēdlan: dat.sg. of þrēa-nēdla, wk. masc., ‘dire distress’. 2223b. þ[ēow]: masc. nom.sg., slave; MS þ... ; restored by Grundtvig; þeġn, ‘thane’ and þēof, ‘thief’ proposed. nāthwylċes: masc. gen.sg. of nāt-hwylċ, pron., a certain one. 2224a. hæleða: gen.pl. of hæ leð, masc., man, warrior. bearna: gen.pl. of bearn, neut. / masc., child. 2224b. hete-swenġeas: acc.pl. of hete-swenġ, masc., ‘hate-blow’. flē[a]h: pret. 3sg. of flēon, st.2, to ‘flee’; MS fleoh, but fleah by the ‘first hand’ (Zupitza). 2225a. [ærnes]: gen.sg. of æ rn, neut., house; MS illegible; restored by Zupitza. þearfa: adj., lacking; w.gen. 2225b. ðǣr inne: ‘therein’. [f]eal[h]: pret. 3sg. of fēolan, st.3, to penetrate; MS weal; emended by Grein. 2226a. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., man, warrior. syn-[by]siġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘sin-busy’, guilty; MS syn..sig; restored by Zupitza. 2226b. sōna: adv., at once [soon]. [onfun]de: pret. 3sg. of on-findan, to find out; MS mwatide is meaningless; emended by Dobbie. 2227a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. [þǣr]: adv., ‘there’; MS illegible; restored by Grein. ðām: the: masc. dat.sg. ġyst[e]: dat. sg. of ġist, masc., visitor [guest]; MS gyst.; ‘the indistinct letter after gyst seems to have been e’ (Zupitza). 2227b. [gryre]-br[ō]g[a]: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘terror-horror’; MS ..... br.g.; supplied by Zupitza. stōd: pret. 3sg. of standan, st.6, to start, arise. 2228a. hwæ[ðre]: adv., however; MS hwæ ..: supposed by Zupitza; see Com. [earm]-sċeapen adj. masc. nom.sg., pp., ‘poorly-shaped’, wretched; MS illegible; restored by Kemble. 2229b sċeapen: masc. nom. sg., pp. of sċyppan, st.6, to ‘shape’. 2230b. [þā: conj. when. hyne]: him: acc.; MS hard to trace, but probably so. se: the. fǣr: masc. nom.sg., sudden attack. beġeat: pret. 3sg. of be-ġytan, st.5, to come upon, befall. 2231a. Sinc-fæt: neut. acc.sg., ‘treasure-cup’. 2231b. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. swylċra: neut. gen.pl. of swylċ, ‘such’. fela: adj., (indeclinable), much, many; w.gen.pl. 2232a. ðām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. eorð-[hū]se: masc. dat.sg., ‘earthhouse’; MS lost; restored by Zupitza. 2232b. ǣr-ġestrēona: gen.pl. of ǣ r-ġestrēon, neut., ‘ancient treasure’.

186

2235

2240

swā hӯ on ġēar-dagum gumena nāt-hwylċ,

それらをその昔 ある人が、

eormen-lāfe æþelan cynnes,

とてつもない遺産を 貴い身分の一族の、

þanc-hyċġende þǣr ġehӯdde,

2235

思慮深く そこに隠したからだった、

dēore māðmas. Ealle hīe dēað fornam

高価な宝を。 死が一族の全てを奪い去った

ǣrran mǣlum, ond s[ē] ān ðā ġēn

それ以前に、 だがその時まだいた一人は

lēoda duguðe, sē ðǣr lenġest hwearf,

武士団の、 そこで最後まで残っていた者は、

weard wine-ġeōmor, [wēn]de þæs ylcan,

友達の死を悼んでいた番人は まさにこう思った、

þæt hē lӯtel fæc long-ġestrēona

2240

自分はわずかな間しか 古の宝を

brūcan mōste. Beorh eall-ġearo

楽しむことが許されまいと。 洞窟は用意整い

wunode on wonge wæter-ӯðum nēah,

場所に位置していた、 波打ち際の、

nīwe be næsse, nearo-cræftum fæst;

岬のそばに新しく 防護強固に；

þǣr on inn[a]n bær eorl-ġestrēona

そこに運び込んだ、 貴族の宝を、

2233a. swā: conj., as. hӯ: them: acc.; antecipates eormen-lāfe and dēore māðmas. on: prep., w.dat., in. ġēardagum: dat. of ġēar-dagas, masc. pl., former days; see 1b. 2233b. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. nāthwylċ: pron. masc. nom.sg., a certain one. 2234a. eormen-lāfe: acc.sg. of eormen-lāf, fem., ‘immense legacy’. 2234b. æþelan: wk. neut. gen.sg. of æ þele, adj., noble, glorious. cynnes: gen.sg. of cyn, neut., race [kin]. 2235a. þanc-hyċġende: adj. (pres. part.), masc. nom.sg., thoughtful (one). 2235b. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. ġehӯdde: pret. 3sg. of ġehȳdan, wk.1, to ‘hide’. 2236a. dēore: adj., masc. acc.pl., ‘dear’, precious. māðmas: acc.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. 2236b. Ealle: masc. acc.pl. of eal(l), ‘all’. hīe: them: acc. dēað: masc. nom.sg., ‘death’. fornam: pret. 3sg. of for-niman, st.4, to take away. 2237a. ǣrran: dat.pl. of ǣ rra, adj. compar. of ǣ r, early, former. mǣlum: dat. pl. of mǣ l, neut., time [meal]. 2237b. s[ē]: the, that: masc. nom.sg.; MS si., but ‘i seems to stand on an original e’ (Zupitza). ān: masc. nom.sg., (a certain) ‘one’. ðā ġēn: adv., still then. 2238a. lēoda: gen. of lēode, masc. pl., people. duguðe: gen.sg. of duguð, fem., (collectively) tried warriors. 2238b. sē: rel. pron., masc. nom.sg., who. ðǣr: adv., ‘there’. lenġest: supl. of longe, adv., ‘long’. hwearf: pret. 3sg. of hweorfan, st.3, to move about. 2239a. weard: masc. nom.sg., guardian [ward]. wine-ġeōmor: adj., ‘friend-mourning’. 2239b. [wēn]de: pret. 3sg. of wēnan, wk.1, to expect, think [ween]; w.gen. & þæ t; MS (now) ...de; ‘rende, but wende. the first hand’ (Zupitza). þæs ylcan: ‘of the same (fate)’. ylcan: pron., neut. gen.sg., the same; MS yldan, but d was ‘clumsily altered from c’ (Sedgefield). 2240a. þæt conj., ‘that’; introduces the appositive clause. lӯtel: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘little’, small. fæc: neut. acc.sg., space of time [G. Fach]; lȳtel fæ c adverbial. 2240b. long-ġestrēona: gen.pl. of long-ġestrēon, neut., ‘long- (accumulated) treasure’. 2241a. brūcan: st.2, to enjoy; w.gen. mōste: pret. subj. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, can. 2241b. Beorh: masc. nom.sg., ‘barrow’, cave. eall-ġearo: adj., entirely ready. 2242a. wunode: pret. 3sg. of wunian, wk.2, to be placed or situated. wonge: dat.sg. of wong, masc., place, plain. 2242b. wæter-ӯðum: dat.pl. of wæ ter-ȳð, fem., ‘water (=sea)-wave’. nēah: prep., w.dat., ‘near’ [nigh]; postpositioned. 2243a. nīwe: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘new’. be: prep., w.dat., ‘by’, beside. næsse: dat.sg of næ s, masc., ‘ness’, headland. 2243b. nearocræftum: dat.pl. of nearo-cræ ft, masc., ‘difficult (to access)-power’. fæst: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘fast’, firm. 2244a. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. on inn[a]n: adv., within, inside; MS innon, ‘but o stands on an original a’ (Zupitza). bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to ‘bear’, carry. 2244b. eorl-ġestrēona: gen.pl. of eorl-ġestrēon, neut., ‘nobleman treasure’.

187

2245

hringa hyrde h[o]rd-[w]yrðne dǣl,

2245

fǣttan goldes, fēa worda cwæð:

金の飾物を、 言葉すくなに語った。

“Heald þū nū, hrūse, nū hæleð ne m[ō]ston,

2250

180r

2255

宝環の番人は 埋蔵に値する多数の品を、

『汝、大地よ、 もはや武士たちに叶わぬ以上、

eorla ǣhte! Hwæt, hyt ǣr on ðē

貴族の財産を守ってくれ！ 見よそれを昔汝から

gōde beġēaton; gūð-dēað fornam,

勇士らが得たのだ； （だが）戦死が奪ったのだ、

feorh-bealo frēċne fӯr[a] ġehwylċne

2250

恐ろしい致命的な悲しみが、 すべての者を

lēoda mīnra; þā[r]a ðe þis [līf] ofġeaf,

わが一族の； 彼らはこの世を諦め、

ġesāwon sele-drēam. |Nāh, hwā sweord weġe

広間の喜びを見納めた。 わしにはいない、剣を帯びる者が、

oððe fe[ormie] fǣted wǣġe,

あるいは磨く者が、 飾りのある酒杯を、

drync-fæt dēore. Dug[uð] ellor s[ċ]eōc.

高価な杯を； 武士団はいずこにか立ち去った。

Sċeal se hearda helm [hyr]sted-golde,

2255

丈夫な兜も 金で飾られた、

2245a. hringa: gen.pl. of hring, masc., ring. hyrde: masc. nom.sg., guardian [herd]. 2245b. h[o]rd-[w]yrðne: masc. acc.sg. of hord-wyrðe, adj., ‘hoard-worthy’; MS (and A, B) hard fyrðne (difficult to carry, i.e. heavy); emended by Klaeber. dǣl: masc. acc.sg., (a great) ‘deal’. 2246a. fǣttan: wk. neut. gen.sg. of fǣ ted, adj. (pp.), (gold-)plated (one). goldes: gen.sg. of gold, neut. 2246b. fēa: adj., masc. acc.sg., a ‘few’; with partit. gen. worda: gen. pl. of word, neut. cwæð: pret. 3sg. of cweðan, st.5, to say [quoth]. 2247a. Heald: imper. sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, keep; see Com. nū (...nū): conj., correl. now (...now that, since). hrūse: wk. fem. voc.sg., earth. 2247b. hæleð: masc. nom.pl., warriors. m[ō]ston: pret. 3pl. of mōtan, pret.-pres., can; MS mæ ston, but ‘I see an original o under the

æ ’ (Zupitza). 2248a. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman [earl]. ǣhte: acc.pl. of ǣ ht, fem., property, possessions. 2248b. Hwæt: interj., indeed, behold. hyt: ‘it’: neut. acc. ǣr: adv., early, before. on: prep., w.dat., from. ðē: ‘thee’: dat. 2249a. gōde: masc. nom.pl. of gōd, adj., brave (one). beġēaton: pret. 3pl. of be-ġytan, st.5, to ‘get’, obtain [beget]. 2249b. gūð-dēað: masc. nom.sg., ‘war-death’. fornam: pret. 3sg. of for-niman, st.4, to take away. 2250a. feorh-bealo: neut. nom.sg., ‘life-bale’, deadly misery. frēċne: adj., neut. nom.sg., fearful, fierce. 2250b. fӯr[a]: gen. of fīras, masc. pl., men, mankind; MS fyrena (gen.pl. of fyren, fem., crime); emended by Thorpe. ġehwylċne: masc. acc.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each, every. 2251a. lēoda: gen. of lēode, masc. pl., tribe, people. mīnra: masc. gen.pl. of mīn, poss. adj., ‘my, mine’. 2251b. þā[r]a ðe: who: rel. pron. gen.pl.; the antecedent is lēoda mīnra.; MS þana ðe; emended by Kemble. þis: ‘this’: neut. acc.sg. [līf]:neut. acc.sg., ‘life’; no gap in MS; supplied by Kemble. ofġeaf: pret. 3sg. of of-ġyfan, st.5, to ‘give up’. 2252a. ġesāwon: pret. 3pl. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’; prefix ġe- often gives perfective sense; the sg. ofġeaf and pl. ġesāwon will be a result of the poet’s or the scribe’s confusion. sele-drēam: masc. acc.sg., ‘hall-joy’. 2252b. Nāh: = ne āh: pres. 1sg. negative of āgan, pret.pres., to ‘own’, possess. hwā: masc. / fem., interr. pron., whoever. sweord: neut. acc.sg., ‘sword’. weġe: pres. subj. 3sg. of wegan, st.5, to carry, wear [weigh]. 2253a. oððe: conj., or. fe[ormie]: pres. subj. 3sg. of feormian, wk.2, to cleanse, polish. 2253b. fǣted: adj. (pp.) neut. acc.sg., decorated. wǣġe: neut. acc.sg., cup. 2254a. drync-fæt: neut. acc.sg., ‘drink-vat’, cup. dēore: adj., neut. acc.sg., precious. 2254b. Dug[uð]: fem. nom.sg., (collectively) tried warriors; MS du..., A, B dug; restored by Grein. ellor: adv., elsewhere. s[ċ]eōc: pret. 3sg. of sċacan, st.6, to depart; MS seoc; emended by Grein but in scoc. 2255a. Sċeal: ‘shall’, be to: pres. 3sg. se: the: masc. nom.sg. hearda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of heard, adj., ‘hard’. helm: masc. nom.sg., ‘helmet’. 2255b. [hyr]sted: pp. of hyrstan, wk., to adorn; MS ... / sted; restored by Grundtvig. golde: dat.sg. of gold.

188

2260

2265

fǣtum befeallen; feormynd swefað,

金箔が剥がれる定め； 磨き手達が眠っている、

þā ðe beado-grīman bӯwan sċeoldon,

戦の面頬を 磨くはずだった者たちが；

ġē swylċe sēo here-pād, sīo æt hilde ġebād

それに鎖帷子も 戦で受けたのだったが、

ofer borda ġebræc bite īrena,

楯のぶつかり合いで 剣の切っ先を、

brosnað æfter beorne. Ne mæġ byrnan hring

2260

主の亡きあと朽ちていく。 鎧の鎖も

æfter wīġ-fruman wīde fēran,

武将について 遠くに行くことはできない、

hæleðum be healfe. Næs hearpan wyn,

武士たちと並んで。 竪琴の喜びもない、

gomen glēo-bēames, nē gōd hafoc

喜びの木の楽しみも； 立派な鷹が

ġeond sæl swingeð, nē se swifta mearh

広間を飛び抜けることもなく、 駿馬が

burh-stede bēateð. Bealo-cwealm hafað

2265

城中の広場を踏みつけることもない。 不吉な死が

fela feorh-cynna f[o]rð onsended!”

多くの人間を 送り出してしまったのだ！』

Swā ġiōmor-mōd ġiohðo mǣnde

かく心哀しく 悲しみを吐露した、

ān æfter eallum, unblīðe hwe[arf]

皆の亡きあと一人が、 不幸に徘徊していたが、

2256a. fǣtum: dat.pl. of fǣ t, neut., gold plate. befeallen: pp. of be-feallan, st.7, to fall, (in pp.) be deprived; w.dat.; wesan ‘be’ should be supplied. 2256b. feormynd: (pres. part.) masc. nom.pl., polisher. swefað: pres. 3pl. of swefan, st.5, to sleep. 2257a. þā ðe: rel. pron., nom.pl, those who. beado-grīman: acc.sg. of beado-grīma, wk. masc., ‘battle-mask’, helmet. 2257b. bӯwan: wk.1, to polish. sċeoldon: ‘should’, were to: pret. 3pl. 2258a. ġē: conj., and. swylċe: adv., likewise. sēo: the: fem. nom.sg. here-pād: fem. nom.sg., ‘war-coat’, corslet. 2258b. sīo: rel. pron., fem. nom.sg., which. hilde: dat.sg. of hild, fem., battle. ġebād: pret. 3sg. of ġebīdan, st.1, to experience. 2259a. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’. borda: gen.pl. of bord, neut., shield [board]. ġebræc: neut. acc.sg., ‘breaking’. 2259b. bite: masc. acc.sg., ‘bite’, cut. īrena: gen.pl. of īren, neut., ‘iron’-sword. 2260a. brosnað: pres. 3sg. of brosnian, wk.2, to decay. æfter: after (the death of). beorne: dat.sg. of beorn, masc., warrior. 2260b. mæġ: ‘may’, can: pres. 3sg. byrnan: gen.sg. of byrne, wk. fem., coat of mail [byrnie]. hring: masc. nom.sg., ‘ring’-mail. 2261a. æfter: along with. wīġ-fruman: dat.sg. of wīġ-fruma, wk. masc., ‘war-chief ’. 2261b. wīde: adv., far and ‘wide’. fēran: wk.1., to go. 2262a. hæleðum: poss. dat.pl. of hæ leð, masc., warrior [G. Held]. be: prep., ‘beside’. healfe: dat.sg. of healf, fem., side [half]. 2262b. Næs: = ne wæ s. hearpan: gen.sg. of hearpe, wk. fem., ‘harp’. wyn: fem. nom.sg., joy. 2263a. gomen: neut. nom.sg., pleasure [game]. glēo-bēames: gen.sg. of glēo-bēam, masc., ‘gleewood’, harp. 2263b. nē: conj., nor. gōd: ‘good’. hafoc: masc. nom.sg., ‘hawk’. 2264a. ġeond: prep., w.acc., through. sæl: neut. acc.sg., hall [G. Saal]. swingeð: pres. 3sg. of swingan, st.3, to ‘swing’ (oneself), fly. 2264b. nē: conj., nor. se: the. swifta: wk. masc. nom.sg. of swift, adj., ‘swift’. mearh: masc., horse [mare]. 2265a. burhstede: masc. acc.sg., ‘fortified place’, castle court. bēateð: pret. 3sg. of bēatan, st.7, to ‘beat’. 2265b. Bealocwealm: masc. nom.sg., ‘baleful death’.

hafað: ‘has’: forms perfect with pp.

2266a.

fela: adj., acc.sg.,

(indeclinable), many; w.gen.pl. feorh-cynna: gen.pl. of feorh-cynn, neut., ‘human race’. 2266b. f[o]rð: adv., ‘forth’; A, B feorð; Zupitza reads forð. onsended: pp. of on-sendan, wk.1, to send away. 2267a. Swā: adv., thus. ġiōmor-mōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘sad of mind’. 2267b. ġiohðo: fem. acc.sg., sorrow. mǣnde: pret. 3sg. of mǣ nan, wk.1, to speak of. 2268a. ān: ‘one’ man: masc. nom.sg. æfter: prep., w.dat., after (the death of). eallum: masc. dat.pl. of eal(l), ‘all’ (person); this half-line means ‘the last survivor’. 2268b. un-blīðe: adj., joyless. hwe[arf]: pret. 3sg. of hweorfan, st.3, to move about; MS hwe...; restored by Grein.

189

dæġes ond nihtes, oð ðæt dēaðes wylm 2270

昼も夜も、 ついに死の波が

hrān æt heortan. Hord-wynne fond

2270

彼の心臓に押し寄せた。 喜びの宝が、見つけた、

eald ūht-sċeaða opene standan,

老いた夜の略奪者〔龍〕は、 露わなのを

sē ðe, byrnende, biorgas sēċeð.

火を吐きながら 洞窟を訪れる者は。

Nacod nīð-draca nihtes flēogeð,

抜き身の剣のごとく敵意持つ龍は 夜に飛ぶのだ、

2274

fӯre befangen; hyne fold-būend

火に包まれて； そ奴を土地の住人たちは 

180v

|[swīðe ondrǣ]d[a]ð. Hē ġesēċean sċeall

2275

[hord on h]rūsan, þǣr hē hǣðen gold

土中の宝庫を、 そこで彼は異教徒の黄金を 

warað wintrum frōd; ne byð him wihte ðӯ sēl.

年取ったものは守るのだ； 彼に少しも益さない。  こうして国民の敵は 300 年というもの

Swā se ðēod-sċeaða þrēo hund wintra hēold on hrūsa[n] hord-ærna sum 2280

非常に恐れている。 彼は探すのが定めなのだ

地中に保持した 宝物倉の一つを

ēacen-cræftiġ, oð ðæt hyne ān ābealch,

2280

mon on mōde; man-dryhtne bær

巨大なものを。 だが彼をある者が怒らせた、 ある男が心底から； 彼は主人のもとへ運んだ

2269a. dæġes: by day: adverbial gen.sg. nihtes: adverbial gen.sg. of niht, fem., ‘night’. 2269b. oð ðæt: adv., at last. dēaðes: gen.sg. of dēað, masc., ‘death’. wylm: masc., nom.sg., ‘welling’. 2270a. hrān: pret. 3sg. of hrīnan, st.1, to reach; with æ t. heortan: dat.sg. of heorte, wk. fem., ‘heart’. 2270b. Hord-wynne: acc.sg. of hord-wynn, fem., ‘hoard-joy’, delightful treasure. fond: pret. 3sg. of findan, st.3, to ‘find’; w.acc. & inf. 2271a. eald: ‘old’. ūhtsċeaða: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘dawn (= night)-scather’. 2271b. opene: fem. acc.sg. of open, adj., ‘open’. standan: st.6, to ‘stand’. 2272a. sē ðe: rel. pron., he who. byrnende: pres. part. of byrnan, st.3, to ‘burn’. 2272b. biorgas: acc.pl. of beorg, masc., ‘barrow’. sēċeð: pres. 3sg. of sēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’, visit. 2273a. Nacod: adj., like an unsheathed ‘naked’ sword; Prof. H. Watanabe’s view (2006). nīð-draca: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘malicious dragon’. 2273b. nihtes: see 2269a. flēogeð: pret. 3sg. of flēogan, st.2, to ‘fly’. 2274a. fӯre: dat.sg. of fȳr, neut., ‘fire’. befangen: pp. of be-fōn, st.7, to envelop. 2274b. hyne: him: acc. fold-būend: (pres. part.) masc. nom.pl., ‘earthdweller’, man. 2275a. [swīðe: adv., very. ondrǣ]d[a]ð: pres., 3pl. of on-drǣ dan, st.7, to dread, fear; MS in this half-line, .... ......d.ð; restored by Zupitza. 2275b. ġesēċean: wk.1, to ‘seek’, to visit. sċeall: ‘shall’, meaning necessity: pres. 3sg. 2276a. [hord: neut., acc.sg., ‘hoard’. on: prep., w.dat., in. h]rūsan: dat.sg. of hrūse, wk. fem., earth, ground; MS.... / .. ...san, B bearn / rusan; restored and emended by Zupitza. 2276b. þǣr: rel. adv., where. hǣðen: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘heathen’. gold: neut. acc.sg., ‘gold’. 2277a. warað: pres. 3sg. of warian, wk.2, to ‘ware’, guard. wintrum: dat.pl. of winter, masc., ‘winter’, (in pl.) years. frōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., old and wise. 2277b. byð: pres. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. him: to him: dat. wihte: adv., (not...) at all. ðӯ: the: neut. instr.sg.; with compar. sēl: adv. compar., better. 2278a. Swā: adv., thus. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. ðēod-sċeaða: wk. masc., ‘people-scather’. 2278b. þrēo: ‘three’. hund: ‘hundred’. wintra: gen.pl. of winter; see above. 2279a. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, guard. on hrūsa[n]; see 2276a; MS hrusam; emended by Thorkelin. 2279b. hord-ærna: gen.pl. of hord-æ rn, neut., ‘hoard-hall’. sum: neut. acc.sg., ‘some’, one. 2280a. ēacencræftiġ: adj., neut. acc.sg., exceedingly powerful, huge [eke]. 2280b. oð ðæt: conj., until. hyne: him, i.e. Dragon: acc. ān: masc. nom.sg., (a certain) one. ābealch: pret. 3sg. of ā-belgan, st.3, to anger.; ch = h [x] in bealch. 2281a. mon: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. mōde: dat.sg. of mōd, neut., mind. 2281b. man-dryhtne: dat.sg. of man-dryhten, masc., ‘men-lord’. bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry.

190

2285

2290

fǣted wǣġe, frioðo-wǣre bæd

飾りの付いた杯を、 許しの約束を懇願した

hlāford sīnne. Ðā wæs hord rāsod,

彼自身の主人に。 宝庫がくまなく物色され、

onboren bēaga hord, bēne ġetīðad

宝環の倉が損なわれたとき、 願いは認められた、

fēa-sċeaftum men; frēa sċēawode

2285

哀れな男の； 主人は吟味した

fīra fyrn-ġeweorc forman sīðe. ―

人間の古の作品〔酒盃〕を 始めて。―

Þā se wyrm onwōc, wrōht wæs ġenīwad;

龍が目覚めたとき、 新たな争いは始まった；

stonc ðā æfter stāne, stearc-heort onfand

岩に沿ってすばやく動くと 恐れを知らぬ生物は、

fēondes fōt-lāst; hē tō forð ġestōp

敵の足跡を見つけた； 盗人は前に出た

dyrnan cræfte dracan hēafde nēah.

2290

忍びの術を以て 龍の頭のすぐ近くまで。

Swā mæġ unfǣġe ēaðe ġedīġan

かく死の定めなき者は 容易に生き残れるものだ、

wēan ond wrǣċ-sīð sē ðe Waldendes

哀れな放浪の身でも、 「支配者」の

hyldo ġehealdeþ! Hord-weard sōhte

恩寵を受ける者は！ 宝の番人は捜した

ġeorne æfter grunde, wolde guman findan,

熱心に洞窟の中を、 犯人を見つけたかった、

2282a. fǣted: neut. acc.sg. adj. (pp.), decorated, gold-plated. wǣġe: neut. acc.sg., cup. 2282b. frioðo-wǣre: gen. sg. of frioðo-wǣ r, fem., ‘peace-agreement’. bæd: pret. 3sg. of biddan, st.5, to beg, entreat [bid]; w.acc. of person & gen. of thing. 2283a. hlāford: masc. acc.sg., ‘lord’. sīnne: masc. acc.sg. of sīn, poss. pron., his [G. sein]. 2283b. Ðā: conj., when. hord: neut. nom.sg., ‘hoard’. rāsod: pp. neut. nom.sg. of rāsian, wk.2, to explore. 2284a. onboren: pp. neut. nom.sg. of on-beran, st.4, to harm, hurt. bēaga: gen.pl. of bēag, masc., ring. hord: see above. 2284b. bēne: gen.sg. of bēn, fem., petition. ġetīðad: pp. neut. nom.sg. of tīðian, wk.2, to grant; w.dat. of person & gen. of thing. 2285a. fēa-sċeaftum: masc. dat.sg. of fēa-sċeaft, adj., destitute, poor. men: dat.sg. of mon(n), masc., ‘man’. 2285b. frēa: wk. masc., lord. sċēawode: pret. 3sg. of sċēawian, wk.2, to examine. 2286a. fīra: gen. of fīras, masc. pl., men. fyrn-ġeweorc: neut. acc.sg., ‘ancient work’. 2286b. forman: dat.sg. of forma, adj., first. sīðe: dat.sg. of sīð, masc., time. 2287a. Þā: conj., when. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. wyrm: masc., nom.sg., dragon [worm]. onwōc: pret. 3sg. of on-wæ cnan, st.6, to ‘awaken’. 2287b. wrōht: fem. nom.sg., conflict. ġenīwad: pp. of ġenīwian, wk.2, to ‘renew’. 2288a. stonc: pret. 3sg. of stincan, st.3, to move quickly. ðā: adv., then. æfter: prep., w.dat., along. stāne: dat.sg. of stān, masc., rock [stone]. 2288b. stearc-heort: adj., nom.sg., ‘stark-hearted’ (one). onfand: pret. 3sg. of on-findan, st.3, to ‘find out’. 2289a. fēondes: gen.sg. of fēond, masc., enemy [fiend]. fōt-lāst: masc. acc.sg., ‘footprint’. 2289b. tō: prep., ‘to’ (direction) rather than adv., ‘too’. forð: adv., ‘forth’, forward. ġestōp: pret. 3sg. ġesteppan, st.6, to ‘step’. 2290a. dyrnan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of dyrne, adj., secret. cræfte: instr.dat.sg. of cræ ft, masc., skill, cunning [craft]. 2290b. dracan: gen.sg. of draca, wk. masc., dragon [L. draco]. hēafde: dat.sg. of hēafod, neut., ‘head’. neah: prep., w.dat., near; postpositioned. 2291a. Swā: adv., thus, in this manner. mǣġ: masc. nom.sg., kinsman. un-fǣġe: adj., ‘un-doomed’; see Com. 2291b. ēaðe: adv., ‘easily’. ġedīġan: wk.1, to escape (something) with one’s life. 2292a. wēan: acc.sg. of wēa, wk. masc., ‘woe’. wrǣċ-sīð: masc. acc.sg., ‘exile-journey’. 2292b. sē ðe: rel. pron., he who; see Com. Waldendes: gen.sg. of Wealdend, masc., the Ruler. 2293a. hyldo: wk. fem. acc.sg., favour. ġehealdeþ: pres. 3sg. of ġehealdan, st.7, to ‘hold’. 2293b. Hord-weard: masc. nom.sg., ‘hoard-guardian’. sōhte: pret. 3sg. of sēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’. 2294a. ġeorne: adv., eagerly. æfter: prep., w.dat., throughout. grunde: dat.sg. of grund, masc., ‘ground’. 2294b. wolde: ‘would’, wanted: pret. 3sg. guman: acc.sg. of guma, wk. masc., man. findan: st.3, to ‘find’.

191

2295

þone þe him on sweofote sāre ġetēode;

181r

hāt ond hrēoh-mōd |hlǣ[w] oft ymbehwearf

激昂し残忍な心で 何度も洞窟の周りを巡った

ealne ūtan-weardne; nē ðǣr ǣniġ mon

その外回りを全部； そこには誰もいなかった

on þǣre wēstenne; hwæðre [wīġes] ġefeh,

その荒れ地には； だが （龍は）闘いを喜んだ、

bea[du]-weorces; hwīlum on beorh æthwearf,

実力行使を； 時々塚の中に戻って

2300

2305

sinc-fæt sōhte; hē þæt sōna onfand,

2295

2300

眠っている間に彼に ひどい仕打ちをした者を。

宝の酒杯を点検した； 龍にはすぐに分かった、

ðæt hæfde gumena sum goldes ġefandod,

ある男が 黄金を探し出したことが、

hēah-ġestrēona. Hord-weard onbād

貴重な宝を。 宝庫の番人は待った

earfoðlīċe, oð ðæt ǣfen cwōm;

じりじりしながら 夕べが来るまで。

wæs ðā ġebolgen beorges hyrde,

その時怒りに燃えて 塚の番人、

wolde [s]e lāða līġe forġyldan

2305

drinc-fæt dȳre. Þā wæs dæġ sċeacen

敵意をもったものは 火炎で仕返しをしたかった、 高価な酒杯の。 それから昼は過ぎ去った、

2295a. þone þe: the man who: rel. pron., masc. acc.sg. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. on: prep., w.dat., in. sweofote: dat.sg. of sweofot, masc. / neut., sleep. 2295b. sāre: adv., ‘sorely’, grievously. ġetēode: pret. 3sg. of ġetēon, wk.2, to deal with; w.dat. 2296a. hāt: adj., ‘hot’. hrēoh-mōd: adj., ‘fierce-minded’. 2296b. hlǣ[w]: masc. acc.sg., mound, barrow; MS .la.wum, A, B hlæ wum; emended by Kemble. oft: adv., ‘often’. ymbehwearf: pret. 3sg. ymbehweorfan, to move about, circle; w.acc. 2297a. ealne: masc. acc.sg. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’. ūtan-weardne: masc. acc. sg. of ūtan-weard, adj., outside. 2297b. ǣniġ mon: ‘any man’: masc. nom.sg.; the verb like wæ s is understood. 2298a. þǣre: the, that: fem. dat.sg.; þæ re is from B (MS þ...), it should be þam (neut. dat.sg). westenne: dat.sg. of westen, neut., wasteland, wilderness. 2298b. hwæðre: adv., however. [wīġes]: gen.sg. of wīġ, neut., war, fight; MS hilde; emended by Trautmann for alliteration. ġefeh: pret. 3sg. of ġefēon, st.5, to rejoice; w.gen. 2299a. bea[du]weorces: gen.sg. of beadu-weorc, neut., ‘battle-work (= deed)’; MS be., A, B bea; restored and emended by Kemble, but Klaeber bea(du)[we] (gen.sg. of beado, fem., battle) weorces. 2299b. hwīlum: (adverbially) sometimes: dat.pl. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’. on: prep., w.acc., into. beorh: masc. acc.sg., ‘barrow’. æthwearf: pret. 3sg. of æ t-hweorfan, st.3, to go, return. 2300a. sinc-fæt: neut. acc.sg., ‘treasure-cup’. sōhte: pret. 3sg. of sēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’, visit. 2300b. þæt (neut. acc.) (...ðæt) (conj.): it (...that). sōna: adv., at once [soon]. onfand: pret. 3sg. of on-findan, st.3, to ‘find out’. 2301a. hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg., aux. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. sum: ‘some’, one: masc. nom.sg. 2301b. goldes: gen.sg. of gold, neut. ġefandod: pp. of ġefandian, wk.2, to search out; w.gen. object. 2302a. hēah-ġestrēona: gen.pl. of hēah-ġestrēon, neut., ‘high (= splendid)-teasure’. 2302b. Hord-weard: masc. nom.sg., ‘hoard-guardian’. onbād: pret. 3sg. of on-bīdan, st.1, to wait. 2303a. earfoðlīċe: adv., impatiently. 2303b. oð ðæt: conj., until. ǣfen: masc. / neut., ‘evening’. cwōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 2304a. ðā: adv., then. ġebolgen: pp. of ġebelgan, st.3, to anger, enrage. 2304b. beorges: gen.sg. of beorg, masc., ‘barrow’. hyrde: masc. nom.sg., guardian [herd]. 2305a. wolde: ‘would’, wanted: pret. 3sg. [s]e: the: masc. nom.sg. MS fe; emended by Bugge. lāða: wk. masc. nom.sg. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’ (one), foe. 2305b. līġe: dat.sg. of līġ, masc., flame, fire. for-ġyldan: st.3, to repay, requite. 2306a. drinc-fæt: neut. acc.sg., drinking vessel, cup [vat]. dӯre: = dēore: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘dear’, precious. 2306b. Þā: adv., then. dæġ: masc. nom.sg., ‘day-time’. sċeacen: pp. of sċacan, st.6, to pass.

192

2310

wyrme on willan; nō on wealle læġ,

龍の望み通りに； もはや塚の中で横たわって、

bīdan wolde, ac mid bǣle fōr,

待つことを欲せず、 火を吐きながら出て行った、

fӯre ġefӯsed. Wæs se fruma eġeslīċ

炎に身を包んで。 その始まりは恐ろしかった、

lēodum on lande, swā hyt lungre wearð

2310

on hyra sinc-ġifan sāre ġeendod.

その国の民にとっては、 それはたちまち 彼らの宝の分配者に 悲惨な最後を与えたからだ。

2307a. wyrme: poss. dat.sg. of wyrm, masc., dragon [worm]. on: prep., w.acc., to. willan: acc.sg. of willa, wk. masc., delight, joy. 2307b. on: prep., w.dat., in. wealle: dat.sg. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’, cave. læġ: pret. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’; Klaeber emended to læ [n]ġ (compar. of longe, adv., ‘long’), but no need to do so. 2308a. bīdan: st.1, to wait. wolde: ‘would’, wanted: pret. 3sg. 2308b. ac: conj., (not...) but. mid: prep., w.dat., together with. bǣle: dat.sg. of bǣ l, masc., fire, flame. fōr: pret. 3sg of faran, st.6, to ‘fare’, go forth. 2309a. fӯre: dat.sg. of fȳr, neut., ‘fire’. ġefӯsed: pp. of ġefȳsan, wk.1, to provide with; w.dat. 2309b. fruma: wk. masc. nom.sg., beginning. eġeslīċ: adj., masc. nom.sg., terrible, awful. 2310a. lēodum: dat. of lēode, masc. pl., people. lande: dat.sg. of land, neut., ‘land’, nation. 2310b. swā: conj., ‘so’, so that. hyt: ‘it’, i.e. Dragon’s attack: neut. nom. lungre: adv., quickly, forthwith. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become; forms passive as aux. 2311a. on: prep., w.dat., in. hyra: their. sinc-ġifan: dat.sg. of sinc-ġifa, wk. masc., ‘treasure-giver’, king. 2311b. sāre: adv., ‘sorely’, grievously or dat.sg. of sār, neut. / fem., sorrow, pain [sore]. ġeendod: pp. of (ġe)endian, wk.2, to ‘end’.

193

XXXIII

XXXIII・ ÐĀ se gæst ongan glēdum spīwan,

 それから余所者は始めた 炎を吐くことを、

beorht hofu bærnan; bryne-lēoma stōd

輝く王宮を焼くことを； 火炎の光は生じさせた

2314

eldum on andan; nō ðǣr āht cwices

人々に恐怖を； そこでは生ある者は一人も、

181v

lāð lyft-floga lǣfan |wolde.

2320

2315

憎むべき飛龍は 残そうとは思わなかった。

Wæs þæs wyrmes wīġ wīde ġesȳne,

この龍の攻撃は 広く知れ渡った、

nearo-fāges nīð nēan ond feorran,

残忍な敵対者の暴力は 近くにも遠くにも、

hū se gūð-sċeaða Ġēata lēode

戦を好む敵が イェーアタスの民を

hatode ond hȳnde; hord eft ġesċēat,

害し虐げている様が； 彼は宝庫に急いで戻った、

dryht-sele dyrnne ǣr dæġes hwīle.

2320

秘密の立派な広間に、 日が昇る前に。

Hæfde land-wara līġe befangen,

彼はこの国民を 火焔で取り巻いてしまった、

bǣle ond bronde; beorges ġetruwode,

炎と火で； 彼は塚を信頼していた、

wīġes ond wealles; him sēo wēn ġelēah.

戦と岩屋を； この期待は彼を裏切った。

Þā wæs Bīowulfe brōga ġecȳðed

 その時ベーオウルフに 恐怖が知らされた

2312a. ÐĀ: adv., then. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. gæst: masc. nom.sg., stranger, visitor [guest]. ongan: pret. 3sg. of on-ġinnan, st.3, to ‘begin’. 2312b. glēdum: dat.pl. of glēd, fem., fire, flame. spīwan: st.1, inf., to ‘spew’; w.dat. 2313a. beorht: adj., neut. acc.pl., ‘bright’, gleaming. hofu: acc.pl. of hof, neut., dwelling, house. bærnan: wk.1, to ‘burn’ (vt.). 2313b. bryne-lēoma: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘burning-light’. stōd: pret. 3sg. of standan, st.6, to shine forth. 2314a. eldum: dat.pl. of ylde, masc., men; poss. on: prep., w.dat./acc., to, into. andan: acc./dat.sg. of anda, wk. masc., horror. 2314b. nō: adv., not at all, never. ðǣr: adv., ‘there’. āht: neut. acc.sg., anything. cwices: neut. gen.sg. of cwic(o), adj., living [quick]. 2315a. lāð: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘loathsome’. lyft-floga: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘sky-flier’. 2315b. lǣfan: wk.1, to ‘leave’. wolde: ‘would’, wanted: pret. 3sg. 2316a. þæs: the, that: masc. gen.sg. wyrmes: gen.sg. of wyrm, masc., serpent, dragon [worm]. wīġ: neut. / masc., nom.sg., battle. 2316b. wīde: adv., ‘widely’. ġesȳne: adj., neut. nom.sg., evident. 2317a. nearo-fāges: masc. gen.sg. of nearo-fāh, adj., cruelly hostile (one). nīð: masc. nom.sg., hostility. 2317b. nēan: adv., from near, near. feorran: adv., from afar. 2318a. hū: conj., ‘how’. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. gūð-sċeaða: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-scather’, enemy. 2318b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. lēode: masc. acc.pl., people. 2319a. hatode: pret. 3sg. of hatian, wk.2, to ‘hate’, persecute. hȳnde: pret. 3sg. of hȳnan, wk.1, to harm, injure. 2319b. hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘hoard’. eft: adv., back again. ġesċēat: pret. 3sg. of ġesċēotan, st.2, to hasten to [shoot]. 2320a. dryht-sele: masc. acc.sg., noble hall. dyrnne: masc. acc.sg. of dyrne, adj., secret. 2320b. ǣr: prep., w.dat., before. dæġes: gen.sg. of dæ ġ, masc., ‘day’. hwīle: dat.sg. of hwīl, fem., time [while]. 2321a. Hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg.; aux. land-wara: acc.pl. of land-waru, fem., ‘land-holder’, inhabitant. 2321b. līġe: dat.sg. of līġ, masc., flame, fire. befangen: pp. of be-fōn, st.7, to encompass. 2322a. bǣle: dat.sg. of bǣ l, masc., flame. bronde: dat.sg. of brond, masc., fire [brand]. 2322b. beorges: gen.sg. of beorg, masc., ‘barrow’. ġetruwode: pret. 3sg. of ġetruwian, wk.2, to trust; w.gen. 2323a. wīġes: gen.sg. of wīġ, neut. / masc., battle, fight. wealles: gen.sg. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’. 2323b. sēo: the, that: fem. nom.sg. wēn: fem. nom.sg., expectation, trust. ġelēah: pret. 3sg. of ġelēogan, st.2, to deceive; w.dat. 2324a. Þā: adv., then. Bīowulfe: dat. 2324b. brōga: wk. masc. nom.sg., terror. ġecȳðed: pp. of ġecȳðan, wk.1, to make known.

194

2325

2330

2335

snūde tō sōðe, þæt his sylfes h[ā]m,

2325

実際すばやく、 彼自身の館が、

bolda sēlest, bryne-wylmum mealt,

最上の広間が 火の波に溶けたという、

ġif-stōl Ġēata. Þæt ðām gōdan wæs

イェーアタスの玉座が。 それは勇士 (B) には

hrēow on hreðre, hyġe-sorga mǣst;

心の痛みであった、 最も悲痛なことであった。

wēnde se wīsa, þæt hē Wealdende

賢者 (B) は思った、 自分が「支配者」を

ofer ealde riht ēċean Dryhtne

2330

古い掟に反して、 永遠なる主を、

bitre ġebulge; brēost innan wēoll

ひどく怒らせたのだと； 胸中は沸き立った

þēostrum ġeþoncum, swā him ġeþȳwe ne wæs.

暗い思いで； こんなことは彼の常ではなかった。

Hæfde līġ-draca lēoda fæsten,

火龍は 国民の砦を、

ēalond ūtan, eorð-weard ðone

海浜の土地を外から、 その土塁を

glēdum forgrunden; him ðæs gūð-kyning,

2335

炎で焼き尽くした； それに対し戦を好む王、

Wedera þīoden wræce leornode.

ウェデラスの君 (B) は 復讐を企てた。

Heht him þā ġewyrċean, wīġendra hlēo

その時彼らに造るように命じた、 武士達の主人は

2325a. snūde: adv., quickly. tō sōðe: in truth, as a fact. 2325b. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introdces the appositive clause. sylfes: self, (his) own ; masc. gen.sg. of self, sylf. h[ā]m: masc. nom.sg., ‘home’; MS him; emended by Grundtvig. 2326a. bolda: gen.pl. of bold, neut., hall. sēlest: best: masc. nom.sg., supl. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. 2326b. brynewylmum: dat.pl. of bryne-wylm, masc., ‘fire-surge’. mealt: pret. 3sg. of meltan, st.3, to ‘melt’. 2327a. ġif-stōl: masc. nom.sg., ‘gift-seat’, throne. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. 2327b. Þæt: it, ‘that’: pron., nom.sg. ðām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. gōdan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of gōd, adj., brave (one). 2328a. hrēow: fem. nom.sg., grief, sorrow. hreðre: dat.sg. of hreðer, neut., breast, heart. 2328b. hyġe-sorga: gen.pl. of hyġe-sorh, fem., ‘soul-sorrow’. mǣst: fem. nom.sg., greatest; supl. of miċel, adj., great [much]; w.gen. 2329a. wēnde: pret. 3sg. of wēnan, wk.1, to think, assume; see Com. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. wīsa: wk. masc. nom.sg. of wīs, adj., wise (one). 2329b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. Wealdende: dat.sg. of Wealdend, masc., Ruler, the Lord. 2330a. ofer: prep., w.acc., contrary to, against. ealde: wk. neut. acc.sg. of eald, adj., ‘old’, ancient. riht: neut. acc.sg., law, what is ‘right’. 2330b. ēċean: wk. masc. dat.sg. of ēċe, adj., eternal. Dryhtne: dat.sg. of Dryhten, masc., the Lord. 2331a. bitre: adv., ‘bitterly’. ġebulge: pret. subj. 3sg. of ġebelgan, st.3, to offend, enrage; w.dat. 2331b. brēost: neut. nom.sg., breast. innan: adv., (from) within, inside. wēoll: pret. 3sg. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’ up. 2332a. þēostrum: dat.pl. of þēostre, adj., dark, gloomy. ġeþoncum: dat.pl. of ġeþonc, masc. / neut., thought. 2332b. swā: conj., as. ġeþȳwe: adj., neut. nom.sg., usual, customary. ne: adv., not. 2333a. Hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. līġ-draca: wk. masc. nom. sg., ‘fire-dragon’. 2333b. lēoda: gen. of lēode, pl., people. fæsten: neut. acc.sg., ‘fastness’, stronghold. 2334a. ēalond: neut. acc.sg., ‘sea-land’. ūtan: adv., from without, outside. 2334b. eorð-weard: masc. acc.sg., ‘earthward’, fortress. ðone: the, that: masc. acc.sg.; postpositioned 2335a. glēdum: instr.-dat.pl. of glēd, fem., flame. forgrunden: pp. of for-grindan, st.3, to destroy. 2335b. him: ‘him’, i.e. against the Dragon. ðæs: for that: neut. gen. sg. of þæ t. gūð-kyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘war-king’. 2336a. Wedera: gen. of Wederas. þīoden: = þēoden, masc. nom.sg., king. 2336b. wræce: acc.sg. of wracu, fem., revenge. leornode: pret. 3sg. of leornian, wk.2, to devise [learn]. 2337a. Heht: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order; w. dat. & inf. him: them: dat. þā: adv., then. ġewyrċean: wk.1, inf., to make. 2337b. wīġendra: gen.pl. of wīġend, masc., warrior. hlēo: masc. nom.sg., protector.

195

eall-īrenne, eorla dryhten,

すべて鉄で出来た、 貴族の長は、

182r

wīġ-bord wrǣtlīċ; |wisse hē ġearwe,

飾りのある戦楯を； 彼はよく知っていた、

2340

þæt him holt-wudu he[lpan] ne meahte,

2345

2350

2340

木製の楯は彼に 役立ち得ないことを、

lind wið līġe. Sċeolde [lǣn]-daga

菩提樹の楯は炎に対し。 はかない日々の、

æþeling ǣr-gōd ende ġebīdan,

優れた武将は、 終末をむかえることになった、

worulde līfes, ond se wyrm somod,

この世の生活の、 それに龍も共に、

þēah ðe hord-welan hēolde lange.

宝庫の富を 長い間守ってきたけれども。

Oferhogode ðā hringa fenġel,

2345

その時蔑んだ 宝環を与える王は、

þæt hē þone wīd-flogan weorode ġesōhte,

その速く飛ぶものを 軍勢を率いて攻めるのを、

sīdan herġe; nō hē him þ[ā] sæċċe ondrēd,

大部隊で； 彼は少しもこの闘いを恐れなかった、

nē him þæs wyrmes wīġ for wiht dyde,

その龍の闘いを、 何とも思わなかった、

eafoð ond ellen, forðon hē ǣr fela

その力と勇気を、 何故なら彼はこれまで幾多の、

nearo nēðende, nīða ġedīġde,

2350

窮地をものともせず ,  戦を生き抜いてきたからだ、

2338a. eall-īrenne: wk. neut. acc.sg. of eall-īren, adj., ‘all-iron’. 2338b. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman [earl]. dryhten: masc. nom.sg., lord. 2339a. wīġ-bord: neut. acc.sg., ‘war-shield’ [board]. wrǣtlīċ: adj., neut. acc. sg. ornamented, splendid. 2339b. wisse: pret. 3sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know. ġearwe: adv., well. 2340a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. holt-wudu: masc. nom.sg., ‘wood-wood’, wooden shield. 2340b. he[lpan]: st.3, to ‘help’, contribute; MS ..lpan; restored by Thorkelin. meahte: pret. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can. 2341a. lind: fem. nom.sg., shield (made of ‘linden’ wood). wið: prep., w.dat., against. līġe: dat.sg. of līġ, masc., flame, fire. 2341b. Sċeolde: pret. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., have to, ‘should’. [lǣn]-daga: gen.pl. of lǣ n-dagas, masc.pl., ‘transitory days’; modifying ende in 2342b.; MS þend daga; emended by Kemble. 2342a. æþeling: masc. nom.sg., prince, hero. ǣr-gōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘ere-good’, very good. 2342b. ende: masc. acc.sg., ‘end’ of life, death. ġebīdan: st.1, to experience. 2343a. worulde: gen.sg. of worold, fem., ‘world’ [G. Welt]. līfes: gen.sg. of līf, neut., ‘life’; modifies ende. 2343b. se: the, that. wyrm: masc. nom.sg., dragon. somod: adv., together. 2344a. þēah ðe: conj., ‘though’; with subj. hord-welan: acc.sg. of hord-wela, wk. masc., ‘hoard-wealth’. 2344b. hēolde: pret. subj. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, keep; the understood subject is se wyrm. lange: adv., ‘long’. 2345a. Oferhogode: pret. 3sg. of ofer-hyċġan, wk.3, to despise. ðā: adv., then. 2345b. hringa: gen.pl. of hring, masc., ‘ring’, ornament. fenġel: masc. nom.sg., lord. 2346a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. þone: the; masc. acc.sg. wīd-flogan: acc.sg. of wīd-floga, wk. masc., ‘wide-flier’. 2346b. weorode: dat.sg. of werod, neut., troop. ġesōhte: pret. subj. 3sg. of ġesēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’, attack. 2347a. sīdan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of sīd, adj., large, great. herġe: dat.sg. of here, masc., army. 2347b. nō: adv., never. him: ‘him’: ethical dat. þ[ā]: the, that: fem. acc.sg.; MS þa with a macron of abbreviation for þām; emended by Kemble. sæċċe: acc.sg. of sæ ċ(ċ), fem., battle, fight. ondrēd: pret. 3sg. of on-drǣ dan, st.7, to ‘dread’, fear. 2348a. nē: conj., nor. him: see 2347b. þæs: the: masc. gen.sg. wyrmes: gen.sg. of wyrm, masc., dragon. wīġ: neut. / masc. acc.sg., fighting force. 2348b. for: prep., w.acc., ‘for’, as. wiht: fem. acc.sg., anything. dyde: pret. 3sg. of dōn, anom., to consider. 2349a. eafoð: neut. acc.sg., strength. ellen: neut. acc.sg., courage. 2349b. forðon: conj., because. ǣr: adv., before. fela: neut. acc. sg. (indeclinable), many; w.part.gen.(niða and hilde-hlemma). 2350a. nearo: neut. acc. sg., straits. nēðende: masc. nom.sg., pres. part. of nēðan, wk.1, to venture; w.acc. 2350b. nīða: gen.pl. of nīð, masc., conflict. ġedīġde: pret. 3sg. of ġedīġan, wk.1, to survive.

196

hilde-hlemma, syððan hē Hrōðgāres,

武闘を、 彼がフロースガール王の、

sigor-ēadiġ seċġ, sele fǣlsode,

常勝の武人が、 広間を清め、

ond æt gūðe forgrāp Grendeles mǣġum

格闘で捩じり倒して以来、 グレンデルと母親を、

lāðan cynnes.

憎むべき血筋の。

Nō þæt lǣsest wæs 2355

最小のものではなかった、

hond-ġemōt[a], þǣr mon Hyġelāc slōh,

2355

手合わせの、 ヒュエラークが殺された時のは、

syððan Ġēata cyning gūðe rǣsum,

その時イェーアタスの王 (H) が 戦の嵐の最中に、

frēa-wine folca Frēslondum on,

国民の親愛なる友が フリースランドで、

Hrēðles eafora hioro-dryncum swealt,

フレーゼルの息子が 血塗られた刃に倒れたのだ、

bille ġebēaten. Þonan Bīowulf cōm

剣に打たれて。 そこからベーオウルフは逃れて

2360

sylfes cræfte, sund-nytte drēah;

182v

hæfde him on earme |[āna] þrītiġ

己の腕に抱えていた 独りで 30 着の

hilde-ġeatwa, þā hē tō holme [st]āg.

戦衣を、 彼が海に飛び込んだとき。

Nealles Hetware hrēmġe þorf[t]on

ヘトワレ族は少しも 誇るわけにはいかなかった、

2360

自力で、 泳ぎ切ったのだった；

2351a. hilde-hlemma: gen.pl. of hilde-hlæ m(m), masc., ‘battle-crash’. 2351b. syððan: conj., since. Hrōðgāres: gen. of Hrōðgār; modifying sele in 2352b. 2352a. sigor-ēadiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘victory-blessed’. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., man, warrior; refers to Beowulf. 2352b. sele: masc. acc.sg., hall. fǣlsode: pret. 3sg. of fǣ lsian, wk.2, to cleanse. 2353a. gūðe: dat.sg. of gūð, fem., battle, fight. forgrāp: pret. 3sg. of for-grīpan, st.1, to crush to death; w.dat. [gripe]. 2353b. Grendeles: gen. of Grendel. mǣġum: dat.pl. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman; refers to Grendel and his mother. 2354a. lāðan: wk. neut. gen.sg. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’. cynnes: gen.sg. of cyn, neut., ‘kin’. 2354b. Nō: adv., never; see Com. þæt: it, that: neut. nom. lǣsest: ‘least’: supl. of lȳtel. 2355a. hond-ġemōt[a]: gen.pl. of hond-ġemōt, neut., ‘hand-meeting’, battle; A, B gemot; emended by Kemble. 2355b. þǣr: conj., when. mon: masc. nom.sg., man. Hyġelāc: masc. acc. slōh: pret. 3sg. of slēan, st.6, to ‘slay’, kill. 2356a. syððan: conj., when. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 2356b. gūðe: gen.sg. of gūð, fem., war. rǣsum: dat.pl. of rǣ s, masc., rush. 2357a. frēa-wine: masc. nom.sg., ‘lord-friend’. folca: gen.pl. of folc, neut., people. 2357b. Frēslondum: dat.pl. of Frēslond, neut., Friesland. on: prep., w.dat., in; postpositioned. 2358a. Hrēðles: gen. of Hrēþel, masc., father of Hygelac. eafora: wk. masc. nom.sg., son. 2358b. hioro-dryncum: dat.pl. of hioro-drync, masc., ‘sword-drink’. swealt: pret. 3sg. of sweltan, st.3, to die. 2359a. bille: instr.-dat.sg. of bil(l), neut., sword. ġebēaten: pp. of bēatan, st.7, to ‘beat’, strike. 2359b. Þonan: adv., ‘thence’. Bīowulf: masc. nom. cōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 2360a. sylfes: his own, ‘self ’: masc. gen.sg. cræfte: dat.sg. of cræ ft, masc., power. 2360b. sund-nytte: acc.sg. of sund-nytt, fem., swimming power. drēah: pret. 3sg. of drēogan, st.2, to perform. 2361a. hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’. him: masc. dat.; poss. on: prep., w.dat., in. earme: dat.sg. of earm, masc., ‘arm’. 2361b. [āna]: alone: wk. masc. nom.sg. of ān, one; MS lost in the right top margin; restored by Grein.

þrītiġ: num. acc.sg., ‘thirty’; w.gen.

2362a.

hilde-ġeatwa: gen.pl. of hilde-ġeatwe, fem. pl., ‘war-

equipment’. 2362b. þā: conj., when. holme: dat.sg. of holm, masc., sea. [st]āg: pret. 3sg. of stīgan, st.1, to step; MS ..ag; restored by Kemble. 2363a. Nealles: adv., not at all. Hetware: masc. nom.pl., Frankish people on the lower Rhine. 2363b. hrēmġe: masc. nom.pl. of hrēmiġ, adj., exulting in; w.gen. þorf[t]on: pret. 3pl. of þurfan, pret.-pres., to have good reason; MS þorf /..., A þorf /. on; restored by Kemble.

197

fēðe-wīġes, þē him foran onġēan 2365

2370

2375

linde bǣron; lȳt eft becwōm

歩兵戦を、 真正面から彼に向かって  2365

楯を携えて来た者らは； 帰った者は僅かだった、

fram þām hild-frecan hāmes nīosan!

この猛者 (B) から逃れ 我が家めざして！

Oferswam ðā sioleða bigong sunu Eċġðēowes,

それから海原を泳ぎ渡った エッジセーオウの息子は、

earm ān-haga eft tō lēodum;

独り惨めに 国に戻るべく；

þǣr him Hyġd ġebēad hord ond rīċe,

そこではヒュイド王妃が彼に提供した 宝と国を、

bēagas ond brego-stōl; bearne ne truwode,

2370

宝環と玉座を； 息子を信頼していなかったのだ、

þæt hē wið æl-fylċum ēþel-stōlas

彼が外国人に対し 伝来の玉座を

healdan cūðe, ðā wæs Hyġelāc dēad.

守れるとは、 ヒュエラークが死んだとき。

Nō ðȳ ǣr fēa-sċeafte findan meahton

哀れな国民は決して早くは もらえなかった、

æt ðām æðelinge ǣniġe ðinga,

この貴人からは いかなる返事も

þæt hē Heardrēde hlāford wǣre,

2375

彼がヘアルドレード王子の 主君となるとか、

oððe þone cyne-dōm ċīosan wolde;

はたまた王権を 受け入れようとかいうような。

hwæðre hē hi[ne] on folce frēond-lārum hēold,

だが彼は王子を国民の間で 親身な助言で支えた、

2364a. fēðe-wīġes: gen.sg. of fēðe-wīġ, neut. / masc., ‘foot-battle’. 2364b. þē: rel. particle, who. foran: adv., from in front. onġēan: prep., w.dat., towards; postpositioned, modifying him. 2365a. linde: acc.pl. of lind, fem., shield [linden]. bǣron: pret. 3pl. of beran, st.4, to ‘bear’. 2365b. lȳt: neut. nom.sg., few [little]. eft: adv., back. becwōm: pret. 3sg. of becuman, st.4, to ‘come’; w. inf. 2366a. þām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. hild-frecan: dat.sg. of hild-freca, wk. masc., ‘battle-fighter’. 2366b. hāmes: gen.sg. of hām, masc., ‘home’. nīosan: wk.1, inf., to seek, find; w.gen. 2367a. Oferswam: pret. 3sg. of ofer-swimman, st.3, to ‘swim over’. ðā: adv., then. sioleða: gen.pl. of sioloð, masc., sea. bigong: masc. acc.sg., expanse. 2367b. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’. Eċġðēowes: gen. of Eċġðēow. 2368a. earm: adj., masc. nom.sg., miserable. ān-haga: wk. masc. nom.sg., solitary being. 2368b. eft: adv., back. lēodum: dat. of lēode, masc. pl., people. 2369a. þǣr: adv., there, then. Hyġd: fem. nom.sg., wife of Hygelac. ġebēad: pret. 3sg. of ġebēodan, st.2, to offer. 2369b. hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘hoard’. rīċe: neut. acc.sg., kingdom. 2370a. bēagas: acc.pl. of bēag, masc., ring, (in pl.) treasures. brego-stōl: masc. acc.sg., ‘ruler-seat’, throne. 2370b. bearne: dat.sg. of bearn, neut. / masc., son. truwode: pret. 3sg. of truwian, wk.2, to trust; w.dat. 2371a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the amplifying clause. wið: prep., w.dat., against. æl-fylċum: dat.pl. of æ l-fylċe, neut., ‘foreign-folk’. 2371b. ēþel-stōlas: acc.pl. of ēþel-stōl, masc., ‘native-seat’, ancient throne. 2372a. healdan: st.7, to ‘hold’, keep. cūðe: pret. 3sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know how to, be able to; w. inf. 2372b. ðā: conj., when. dēad: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘dead’. 2373a. Nō ðȳ ǣr: none the sooner. fēa-sċeafte: masc. nom.pl. of fēa-sċeaft, adj., destitute, abandoned. 2373b. findan: st.3, to obtain from [find]; with æ t. meahton: pret. 3pl. of magan, pret.-pres., can. 2374a. ðām: the, that. æðelinge: dat.sg. of æ þeling, masc., prince, hero. 2374b. ǣniġe ðinga: in any way. 2375a. þæt: conj., ‘that; with subj. Heardrēde: dat. of Heardrēd, masc., son of Hygelac, Geatish prince. 2375b. hlāford: masc. nom.sg., ‘lord’. wǣre: ‘were’: subj. 3sg. 2376a. oððe: conj., or. þone: the, that: masc. acc.sg. cyne-dōm: masc. acc.sg., kingship. 2376b. ċīosan: = ċēo-: st.2, to ‘choose’. wolde: pret. subj. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to want. 2377a. hwæðre: adv., however. hi[ne]: him: acc.; MS him; emended by Thorpe. on: prep., w.dat., among. folce: dat.sg. of folc, neut., ‘folk’, people. 2377b. frēond-lārum: instr.-dat.pl. of frēond-lār, fem., ‘friendly counsel’. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, guard.

198

ēstum mid āre, oð ðæt hē yldra wearð,

善意と親切で、 王子がもっと大きくなり、

Weder-Ġēatum wēold. Hyne wræc-mæċġas 2380

ofer sǣ sōhtan, suna Ōhteres;

「嵐の」イェーアタスを治めるまで。 彼を亡命者らが 2380

海を越えて訪れた、 オーホトヘレの息子達が。

hæfdon hȳ forhealden helm Sċylfinga,

彼らは反乱を起こした シュルヴィンガスの守護者 (O) に、

þone sēlestan sǣ-cyninga

最も優れた者に対し 海を制する王達の中で、

þāra ðe in Swīo-rīċe sinc brytnade

スウエーデンで 宝を分配した者、

183r

mǣrne |þēoden. Him þæt tō mearce wearð;

有名なる王に対して。 それが王子の命を奪った；

2385

hē þǣr [f]or feorme feorh-wunde hlēat,

2390

2385

そこで歓待したため 致命傷を負ったのだった、

sweordes swengum, sunu Hyġelāces;

剣の打ち合いによって、 ヒュエラークの息子は；

ond him eft ġewāt Ongenðīoes bearn

それで帰って行った オンゲンセーオウの息子は

hāmes nīosan, syððan Heardrēd læġ,

国をめざして、 ヘアルドレードが倒れ、

lēt ðone brego-stōl Bīowulf healdan,

玉座に ベーオウルフを着かせ、イェーアタスを

Ġēatum wealdan; þæt wæs gōd cyning.

2390

支配させてから； それ (B) は立派な王だった。

2378a. ēstum: dat.pl. of ēst, fem., good will. mid: prep., with. āre: dat.sg. of ār, fem., kindness. 2378b. oð ðæt: conj., until. yldra: older, compar. of eald, adj., ‘old’. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 2379a. WederĠēatum: dat. of Weder-Ġēatas. wēold: pret. 3sg. of wealdan, st.7, to rule; w.dat. 2379b. Hyne: him: acc.; see Com. wræc-mæċġas: nom.pl. of wræ c-mæ ċġ, masc., ‘banished man’, exile. 2380a. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. sǣ: masc. acc.sg., ‘sea’. sōhtan: pret. 3pl. of sēċan, wk.1, to visit. 2380b. suna: nom.pl. of sunu, masc., ‘son’; refers to Eanmund and Eadgils. Ōhteres: gen.sg. of Ōht(h)ere, masc., son of the Swedish king Ongentheow; literally ‘pursuitarmy’. 2381a. hæfdon: pret. 3pl. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. hȳ: they. forhealden: pp. of for-healdan, st.7, to rebel against. 2381b. helm: masc. acc.sg., protector, i.e. Onela. Sċylfinga: gen. of Sċylfingas, masc.pl., Swedish dynasty. 2382a. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. sēlestan: wk. masc. acc.sg. of sēlest, best. 2382b. sǣ-cyninga: gen.pl. of sǣ -cyning, masc., ‘sea-king’. 2383a. þāra ðe : rel. pron., who; þāra: gen.pl ; with sǣ -cyninga as its antecedent but sg. verb in its clause; MS ðe / ðe, repeated; emended by Kemble. Swīo-rīċe: neut. dat.sg., ‘Swedish kingdom’. 2383b. sinc: neut. acc.sg., treasure. brytnade: pret. 3sg. of brytnian, wk.2, to distribute. 2384a. mǣrne: masc. acc. sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous. þēoden: masc. acc.sg., lord. 2384b. Him: ‘him’, i.e. Heardred. þæt: that, it: neut. nom. mearce: dat.sg. of mearc, fem., life’s end. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become; with tō and dat. 2385a. þǣr: adv., ‘there’, then. [f]or: prep., w.dat., in return for; MS or: emended by Möller. feorme: dat.sg. of feorm, fem., hospitality. 2385b. feorh-wunde: dat.sg. of feorh-wund, fem., mortal ‘wound’. hlēat: pret. 3sg. of hlēotan, st.2, to be allotted. 2386a. sweordes: gen.sg. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. swengum: dat.pl. of swenġ, masc., ‘swing’, blow. 2386b. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’, i.e. Onela. Hyġelāces: gen. 2387a. him: ‘him’: refl. dat. eft: adv., back. ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart; w. inf. 2387b. Ongenðīoes: gen. of Ongenþēow, masc., Swedish king. bearn: neut. / masc. nom.sg., son; refers to Onela. 2388a. hāmes: gen.sg. of hām, masc., ‘home’. nīosan: = nēo-: wk.1, inf., to go to; w.gen. 2388b. syððan: conj., after. Heardrēd: masc. nom.; see 2375a. læġ: pret. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’ dead. 2389a. lēt: pret. 3sg. of lǣ tan, st.7, to let, allow; w.acc. & inf. ðone: the: masc. acc.sg. bregostōl: masc. acc.sg., seat of a ruler; the object of healdan (2389b). 2389b. Bīowulf: = Bēo-: masc. acc. healdan: st.7, to ‘hold’, occupy. 2390a. Ġēatum: dat. of Ġēatas. wealdan: st.7, to rule; w.dat. 2390b. þæt: ‘that’, it. gōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘good’. cyning: ‘king’.

199

XXXIIII・

XXXIIII  彼 (B) はこの若君の戦死の 仇討ちを企て

SĒ ðæs lēod-hryres lēan ġemunde,

2395

uferan dōgrum, Ēadġilse wearð

後日、 惨めなエーアドイルスに

fēa-sċeaftum frēond; folce ġestēpte

味方した； 国を挙げて支援した

ofer sǣ sīde sunu Ōhteres,

広い海を渡って オーホトヘレの息子 (E) を、

wigum ond wǣpnum; hē ġewræc syððan

2395

苦しい悲惨な遠征で 王 (O) の命を奪った。

ċealdum cear-sīðum, cyning ealdre binēat. Swā hē nīða ġehwane ġenesen hæfde,

2400

武士と武器とで； 彼 (B) はその後復讐した、

 こうして彼は戦を一つ一つ 生き抜いてきた、

slīðra ġeslyhta, sunu Eċġðīowes,

激しい戦闘を エッジセーオウの息子は、

ellen-weorca, oð ðone ānne dæġ,

勇敢な武闘を、 ついにある日

þē hē wið þām wyrme ġewegan sċeolde.

2400

この龍と 闘うことになる日まで。

Ġewāt þā twelfa sum torne ġebolgen

それから 11 人の家来と出発した 怒りに燃えて

dryhten Ġēata dracan sċēawian;

イェーアタスの君主は 龍を検分に。

2391a. SĒ: that one, he: demon. pron., masc. nom.sg. ðæs: the, that: masc. gen.sg. lēod-hryres: gen.sg. of lēodhryre, masc., ‘prince-fall (= death)’. 2391b. lēan: neut. acc.sg., requital [G. Lohn]. ġemunde: pret. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to think about. 2392a. uferan: neut. dat.pl. of ufera, compar., later. dōgrum: dat.pl. of dōgor, neut., day; adverbial dat.; see 2200b. 2392b. Ēadġilse: dat.sg. of Ēadġils, masc., Swedish prince, son of Ohthere. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 2393a. fēa-sċeaftum: masc. dat.sg. of fēa-sċeaft, adj., destitute; agrees with Ēadġilse. frēond: masc. nom.sg., ‘friend’; complement of wearð. 2393b. folce: dat.sg. of neut., ‘folk’, nation. ġestēpte: pret. 3sg. of ġestēpan, wk.1, to support. 2394a. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, across. sǣ: fem. acc. sg., ‘sea’. sīde: fem. acc.sg. of sīd, adj., large. 2394b. sunu: masc. acc.sg., ‘son’. Ōhteres: gen. of Ōhthere, masc., first son of the Swedish king Ongentheow. 2395a. wigum: dat.pl. of wiga, wk. masc., warrior. wǣpnum: dat.pl. of wǣ pen, neut., ‘weapon’. 2395b. ġewræc: pret. 3sg. of ġewrecan, st.5, to avenge. syððan: adv., afterwards [since]. 2396a. ċealdum: masc. dat.pl. of ċeald, adj., painful [cold]. cear-sīðum: dat.pl. of cear-sīð, masc., sorrowful journey [care]. 2396b. cyning: masc. acc.sg., king, i.e. Onela. ealdre: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. binēat: pret. 3sg. of be-nēotan, st.2, to deprive of; w.dat. 2397a. Swā: adv., ‘so’, thus. nīða: gen.pl. of nīð, masc., war, conflict. ġehwane: masc. acc.sg. of ġehwā, pron., each (one). 2397b. ġenesen: pp. of ġenesan, st.5, to survive [G. genesen]. hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg.; aux. 2398a. slīðra: neut. gen.pl. of slīðe, adj., terrible, dangerous. ġeslyhta: gen.pl. of ġeslyht, neut., battle. 2398b. sunu Eċġðīowes: son of Ecgtheow, i.e. Beowulf; the same half-line occurs in 1550b, 2367b. 2399a. ellen-weorca: gen.pl. of ellen-weorc, neut., ‘courageous work (= deed)’. 2399b. oð: prep., until, to. ðone: the: masc. acc.sg. ānne: masc. acc.sg. of ān, (a certain) one. dæġ: masc. acc.sg., ‘day’. 2400a. þē: rel. particle., which, that. wið: prep., w.dat., against. þām: the: masc. dat.sg. wyrme: dat.sg. of wyrm, masc., dragon [worm]. 2400b. ġewegan: st.5, to fight. sċeolde: ‘should’, was to: pret. 3sg. 2401a. Ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart, go. þā: adv., then. twelfa: gen. of twelf, ‘twelve’; MS .XII.a.. sum: indef. pron., ‘some’, one; sum twelfa ‘one of twelve, i.e. with eleven (men)’; idiom. 2401b. torne: dat.sg. of torn, neut., anger. ġebolgen: pp. of ġebelgan, st.3, to anger. 2402a. dryhten: masc. nom.sg., lord, ruler. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas, masc. pl. 2402b. dracan: acc.sg. of draca, wk. masc., dragon. sċēawian: wk.2, to examine [show].

200

hæfde þā ġefrūnen, hwanan sīo fǣhð ārās,

その時彼に分かった どこから争いが生じたのか、

183v

bealo-nīð biorna; him tō bearme |cwōm

武士らの難儀が； 彼のものになったからだった、

2405

māðþum-fæt mǣre þurh ðæs meldan hond.

2410

2415

2405

名高い玉抔が 通報者〔盗人〕の手を通して。

Sē wæs on ðām ðrēate þreot-tēoða seċġ,

彼が一行の中の 13 番目の男だった、

sē ðæs orleġes ōr onstealde,

この争いの きっかけを作った者は、

hæft hyġe-ġiōmor, sċeolde hēan ðonon

心哀しい囚われ人は、 蔑まされてそこから

wong wīsian. Hē ofer willan ġīong

原を案内させられた。 彼はいやいや行った

tō ðæs ðe hē eorð-sele ānne wisse,

2410

ある土中の広間があったと 覚えている所まで、

hlǣw under hrūsan holm-wylme nēh,

地下の塚が、 海の沸き立つ波の近くに、

ӯð-ġewinne; sē wæs innan full

荒波の （近くに） ； その中にはどっさりあった、

wrǣtta ond wīra. Weard unhīore,

飾り物や金細工が。 恐ろしい番人、

ġearo gūð-freca gold-māðmas hēold

油断のない戦士〔龍〕は 黄金の宝を守っていた、

eald under eorðan; næs þæt ӯðe ċēap

2415

地下に古の； 容易な取引ではなかった

2403a. hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg.; aux. þā: adv., then. ġefrūnen: pp. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to learn. 2403b. hwanan: adv., ‘whence’. sīo: the: fem. nom.sg. fǣhð: fem. nom.sg., ‘feud’. ārās: pret. 3sg. of ā-rīsan, st.1, to ‘arise’. 2404a. bealo-nīð: masc., ‘baleful enmity’, dire affliction. biorna: gen.pl. of beorn, masc., warrior. 2404b. him: ‘him’: masc. poss. dat.sg. tō: prep., w.dat., ‘to’. bearme: dat.sg. of bearm, masc., ‘bosom’, possession. cwom: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 2405a. māðþum-fæt: neut., ‘treasure-vat (= cup)’. mǣre: adj. neut. nom.sg., famous. 2405b. þurh: prep., ‘through’, by means of. ðæs: the, that: masc. gen.sg. meldan: gen.sg. of melda, wk. masc., informer. hond: fem. acc.sg., ‘hand’. 2406a. Sē: that one, he: masc. nom.sg. on: prep., w.dat., in, among. ðām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. ðrēate: dat.sg. of þrēat, masc., troop [threat]. 2406b. þreot-tēoða: thirteenth. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., man. 2407a. sē: rel. pron., masc. nom.sg., who. ðæs: the: neut. gen.sg. orleġes: gen.sg. of orleġe, neut., strife. 2407b. ōr: neut. acc.sg., beginning. onstealde: pret. 3sg. of on-stellan, wk.1, to bring about. 2408a. hæft: wk. masc. nom.sg., captive. hyġe-ġiōmor: adj., ‘mind-sad’. 2408b. sċeolde: ‘should’, was to: pret. 3sg. hēan: adj., masc. nom.sg., despised. ðonon: adv., ‘thence’. 2409a. wong: masc. acc.sg., place, plain. wīsian: wk.2, to guide. 2409b. ofer: prep., w.acc., against. willan: acc.sg. of willa, wk. masc., ‘will’. ġīong: = ġēong: pret. 3sg. of gangan, st.7, to ‘go’. 2410a. to ðæs ðe: to the place where. eorð-sele: masc. acc.sg., ‘earth-hall’. 2410b. ānne: masc. acc. sg. of ān, (a certain) one. wisse: pret. 3sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know [wit]. 2411a. hlǣw: masc. acc.sg., barrow, grave. hrūsan: dat.sg. of hrūse, wk. fem., earth, ground. 2411b. holm-wylme: dat.sg. of holm-wylm, masc., ‘seasurge’. nēh: prep., w.dat., near [nigh]. 2412a. ӯð-ġewinne: dat.sg. of ȳð-ġewin, neut., ‘wave-strife’, tossing water. 2412b. sē: that, i.e. hlǣ w: masc. nom.sg.; see Com. innan: adv., inside. full: adj., full; w.gen. 2413a. wrǣtta: gen. pl. of wrǣ tt, fem., ornament, jewel. wīra: gen.pl. of wīr, masc., metal ornament [wire]. 2413b. Weard: masc. nom. sg., guardian [ward]. un-hīore: adj. masc. nom.sg., ‘un-mild’, frightful. 2414a. ġearo: adj., masc. nom.sg., alert. gūð-freca: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘war-man’, warrior. 2414b. gold-māðmas: acc.pl. of gold-māðum, masc., ‘golden treasure’. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to guard. 2415a. eald: adj. masc. nom.sg., ‘old’. under: prep., ‘under’. eorðan: dat.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the ‘earth’. 2415b. næs: was not. þæt: ‘that’, it: neut. nom. ӯðe: masc. nom.sg. of ēaðe, adj., ‘easy’. ċēap: masc. nom.sg., bargain [chapman, cheap].

201

tō ġegangenne gumena ǣniġum.

2420

2425

（財宝）を手に入れるのは 誰にとっても。

Ġesæt ðā on næsse nīð-heard cyning;

それから岬に坐った 戦に猛き王は；

þenden hǣlo ābēad heorð-ġenēatum,

それから主君は幸運を祈った 炉端の仲間らに、

gold-wine Ġēata. Him wæs ġeōmor sefa,

イェーアタスの黄金の友は。 彼の心は哀しく、

wǣfre ond wæl-fūs; wyrd unġemete nēah,

2420

sē ðone gomelan grētan sċeolde,

それは老人に 接近し、

sēċean sāwle hord, sundur ġedǣlan

魂の倉を襲い、 引き離すはずだった

līf wið līċe nō þon lange wæs

生命を肉体から； もはや長くは

feorh æþelinges flǣsċe bewunden.

貴人の命は 肉体に包まれていなかった。

Bīowulf maþelade, bearn Eċġðēowes:

2425

“Fela iċ on ġioguðe gūð-rǣsa ġenæs, 184r

動揺して死を覚悟していた； 運命は間近にいた、

 ベーオウルフは語った、 エッジセーオウの息子は： 『わしは若い頃幾多の 激戦を生き抜いた、

orleġ-hwīla; iċ þæt eall ġemon.

戦の時を； わしは全てを覚えている。

|Iċ wæs syfan-wintre, þā meċ sinca baldor,

わしは 7 歳だった、 わしを宝の王が、

frēa-wine folca æt mīnum fæder ġenam;

国民の親愛なる友が わが父から預かったとき

2416a. tō: prep., ‘to’. ġegangenne: ger. of ġegangan, st.7, to obtain. 2416b. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. ǣniġum: masc. dat.sg. of ǣ niġ, pron., ‘any’. 2417a. Ġesæt: pret. 3sg. of ġesittan, st.5, to sit down. ðā: adv., then. on: prep., ‘on’. næsse: dat.gs. of næ s, masc., ‘ness’, headland. 2417b. nīð-heard: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘battlehardened’. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 2418a. þenden: adv., meanwhile, then. hǣlo: wk. fem. acc.sg., luck. ābēad: pret. 3sg. of ā-bēodan, st. 2, to wish (good luck). 2418b. heorð-ġenēatum: dat.pl. of heorð-ġenēat, masc., ‘hearth-companion’, comrade. 2419a. gold-wine: masc. nom.sg., ‘gold-friend’, generous lord. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas, masc. 2419b. Him: ‘him’: poss. dat.; see Com. ġeōmor: adj., masc. nom.sg., sad. sefa: wk. masc. nom.sg., mind. 2420a. wǣfre: adj., masc. nom.sg., restless. wæl-fūs: adj., masc. nom.sg., ready for death. 2420b. wyrd: fem. nom.sg., fate. un-ġemete: adv., immeasurably. nēah: adj., near [nigh]. 2421a. sē: rel. pron., masc., which; its antecedent wyrd is fem. ðone: the: masc. acc.sg. gomelan: wk. masc. acc.sg. of gomol, adj., aged (one). 2421b. grētan: wk.1, to approach [greet]. sċeolde: ‘should’: 3sg. 2422a. sēċean: wk.1, to ‘seek’. sāwle: gen.sg. of sāwol, fem., ‘soul’. hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘hoard’. 2422b. sundur: adv., ‘asunder’. ġedǣlan: wk.1, to separate. līf: neut. acc.sg., ‘life’. wið: prep., w.dat., from. līċe: dat.sg. of līċ, neut., body. 2423b. nō þon lange: ‘not for long after that’ (M & R, p. 133). þon: the: neut. instr.sg. lange: adv., ‘long’. 2424a. feorh: neut. nom.sg., life. æþelinges: gen.sg. of æ þeling, masc., hero. 2424b. flǣsċe: dat.sg. of flǣ sċ, neut., ‘flesh’. bewunden: pp. of be-windan, st.3, to ‘wind’, enclose. 2425a. maþelade: pret. 3sg. of maþelian, wk.2, to speak formally. 2425b. bearn Eċġðēowes: son of Ecgtheow: occurs in 529b, 631b, 957b, 1383b, 1473b, 1651b, 1817b, 1999b (-ðīoes), 2177b. 2426a. Fela: adj., acc., many; w.gen. ġioguðe: dat.sg. of ġeogoð, fem., ‘youth’. 2426b. gūð-rǣsa: gen.pl. of gūð-rǣ s, masc., ‘warstorm’. ġenæs: pret. 1sg. of ġenesan, st.5, to survive. 2427a. orleġ-hwīla: gen.pl. of orleġ-hwīl, fem., ‘war-time’. 2427b. þæt eall: ‘all that’: neut. acc.sg. ġemon: pres. 1sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember. 2428a. syfanwintre: adj., seven winters (years) old; see Com. 2428b. þā: conj., when. meċ: ‘me’: acc. sinca: gen.pl. of sinc, neut., treasure. baldor: masc. nom.sg., ruler. 2429a. frēa-wine: masc. nom.sg., friendly lord. folca: gen.pl. of folc, neut., ‘folk’, people. 2429b. æt: prep., w.dat., from. mīnum: ‘my, mine’: dat. fæder: masc. dat.sg., ‘father’. ġenam: pret. 3sg. of ġeniman, st.4, to receive.

202

2430

2435

2440

hēold meċ ond hæfde Hrēðel cyning,

2430

わしを保護し守ってくれた、 フレーゼル王は、

ġeaf mē sinc ond symbel, sibbe ġemunde;

わしに宝と宴席を与え、 血縁を忘れなかった：

næs iċ him tō līfe lāðra ōwihte,

わしは彼に決して 少しも憎い存在ではなかった；

beorn in burgum, þonne his bearna hwylċ,

城中の武士として、 彼の息子の誰よりも、

Herebeald ond Hæðcyn oððe Hyġelāc mīn.

ヘレベアルドとハスキュン または我がヒュエラークよりも。

Wæs þām yldestan unġedēfelīċe

2435

一番年上の者 (Hb) に 不相応にも

mǣġes dǣdum morþor-bed strē[ġe]d,

身内の者の行いによって 死の床が延べられた、

syððan hyne Hæðcyn of horn-bogan,

ハスキュンが彼を 角飾りの付いた弓から、

his frēa-wine flāne ġeswenċte,

彼の親友を 矢で射倒したとき、

miste mercelses ond his mǣġ ofsċēt,

的を射損じて 彼の身内を射殺したとき、

brōðor ōðerne blōdiġan gāre.

2440

弟が兄を 血の矢でもって。

Þæt wæs feoh-lēas ġefeoht fyrenum ġesyngad,

それは金銭で償い得ない闘いで 罪深く、

hreðre hyġe-mēðe; sċeolde hwæðre swā þēah

心労のもとだった； いずれにしても

2430a. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to guard. meċ: ‘me’: acc. hæfde: ‘had’, held: pret. 3sg. 2430b. Hrēðel: masc. nom.sg., Geatish king, father of Hygelac, maternal grandfather of Beowulf. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king.’ 2431a. ġeaf: pret. 3sg. of ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’. mē: ‘me’: dat. sinc: neut. acc.sg., treasure. symbel: neut. acc.sg., feast. 2431b. sibbe: acc.sg. of sib(b), fem., kinship. ġemunde: pret. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember, be mindful of. 2432a. næs: ‘was not’: 1sg. him: ‘him’: dat. tō līfe: ever. līfe: dat.sg. of līf, neut., ‘life’. 2432b. lāðra: compar. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’. ōwihte: (adverbially) by any means: dat.sg. of ōwiht, fem., anything [aught]. 2433a. beorn: masc., nom.sg., warrior; appositive to iċ. burgum: dat.pl. of burh, fem., castle; sg. meaning in pl. 2433b. þonne: conj., than. bearna: gen.pl. of bearn, neut. / masc., child, son. hwylċ: pron., neut. nom.sg., any(one); w.gen.pl. 2434a. Herebeald: masc. nom.sg., eldest son of Hrethel. Hæðcyn: masc. nom.sg., second son of Hreðel. 2434b. oððe: conj., or. Hyġelāc: nom.. mīn: ‘my, mine’: masc. nom.sg.; this line and 61 show a Homeric idiom: A, B, & C adj. 2435a. þām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. yldestan: masc.dat.sg. of yldesta, eldest, supl. of eald, adj., ‘old’; noun use. 2435b. un-ġedēfelīċe: adv., unfittingly. 2436a. mǣġes: gen.sg. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman. dǣdum: dat.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’. 2436b. morþor-bed: neut. nom.sg., ‘murder-bed’. strē[ġe]d: masc. nom.sg., pp. of strēġan, strēwian,wk.1, to spread [strew]; MS stred; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 2437a. syððan: conj., after. hyne: him: acc. Hæðcyn: masc. nom.sg. 2437b. of: prep., from. horn-bogan: dat.sg. of horn-boga, wk. masc., ‘horn-bow’, bow tipped with horn. 2438a. frēa-wine: masc. acc.sg., friendly lord, i.e. Herebeald. 2438b. flāne: dat.sg. of flān, masc., arrow. ġeswenċte: pret. 3sg. of ġeswenċan, wk.1, to strike (down). 2439a. miste: pret. 3sg. of missan, wk.1, to ‘miss’; w.gen. mercelses: gen.sg. of mercels, masc., target [mark]. 2439b. mǣġ: masc. acc. sg.; see 2436a. ofsċēt: pret. 3sg. of of-sċēotan, st.2, to ‘shoot down’ . 2440a. brōðor: masc. nom.sg., ‘brother’. ōðerne: masc. acc.sg. of ōðer, adj., ‘(an)other’. 2440b. blōdiġan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of blōdiġ, adj., ‘bloody’. gāre: instr.-dat.sg. of gār, masc., usually spear, but arrow here. 2441a. Þæt: ‘that’: neut. nom.sg. feoh-lēas: adj., ‘feeless’, i.e., not to be atoned for with money. ġefeoht: neut. nom.sg., ‘fight’. 2441b. fyrenum: dat.pl. of fyren, fem., crime; (adverbially) wickedly, exceedingly. ġesyngad: pp. of ġesyngian, wk.2, to ‘sin’. 2442a. hreðre: dat.sg. of hreðer, neut., breast, heart. hyġe-mēðe: adj. neut. nom.sg., ‘mind-wearying’. 2442b. sċeolde: ‘should’, was to: pret.3sg. hwæðre: adv., however. swā þēah: adv., nevertheless.

203

æðeling unwrecen ealdres linnan.

王は復讐されぬまま 命を失うことになった。

Swā bið ġeōmorlīċ gomelum ċeorle 2445

tō ġebīdanne þæt his byre rīde

 このように悲しいことである 老いた者にとって 2445

見るのは、 彼の息子が吊り下がるのを

ġiong on galgan; þonne hē ġyd wrece,

若くして絞首台に； 彼に挽歌を唱えさせよう、

sāriġne sang, þonne his sunu hangað

悲しみの歌を、 彼の息子が吊り下がるとき、

hrefne tō hrōðre, ond hē him help[e] ne mæġ,

鴉の喜ぶ餌として、 そして息子に役立つことを

eald ond infrōd ǣniġe ġefremman.

年取って智恵たけても 何もしてやれないとき。

2450

Symble bið ġemyndgad morna ġehwylċe

184v

|eaforan ellor-sīð; ōðres ne ġӯmeð

息子の他界が； （彼は）もう一人の者を

tō ġebīdanne burgum in innan

待つ気になれない、 城内に

yrfe-weardas, þonne se ān hafað

遺産を守る世継ぎを、 一人の息子が

þurh dēaðes nӯd dǣda ġefondad.

死の苦しみを伴う 悪事をなしてしまったとき。

2455

Ġesyhð sorh-ceariġ on his suna būre

2450

2455

決まって思い出される 毎朝

悲しみに暮れた父王は見る 息子の住まいでは

2443a. æðeling: masc. nom.sg., prince, hero. un-wrecen: adj., (pp.), masc. nom.sg., unavenged. 2443b. ealdres: gen.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. linnan: st.3, to part from, lose; w.gen. 2444a. Swā: adv., ‘so’, thus. bið: 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’; the suject ‘it’ may be supplied. geōmorlīċ: adj. neut. nom.sg., sad. 2444b. gomelum: masc. dat.sg. of gamol, adj., old, aged. ċeorle: dat.sg. of ċeorl, masc., man [churl]. 2445a. ġebīdanne: ger. of ġebīdan, st.1, to experience, live to see. 2445b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. byre: masc., nom.sg., son. rīde: pres. subj. 3sg. of rīdan, st.1, to ‘ride’ (on the gallows). 2446a. ġiong: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘young’. galgan: dat.sg. of galga, wk. masc., ‘gallows’. 2446b. þonne (...þonne): adv., then (...when). ġyd: neut. acc.sg., song. wrece: pres. subj. 3sg. of wrecan, st.5, to utter, recite; means ‘then let him utter a dirge’ (M & R, p. 134). 2447a. sāriġne: masc. acc.sg. of sāriġ, adj., sorrowful [sorry]. sang: masc. acc.sg., ‘song’. 2447b. þonne: conj., when. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’. hangað: pres. 3sg. of hangian, wk.2, to ‘hang’. 2448a. hrefne: poss. dat.sg. of hrefn, masc., ‘raven’. tō: prep., as, (aim, object). hrōðre: dat.sg. of hrōþor, neut., joy, benefit. 2448b. him: ‘him’: dat. help[e]: acc.sg. of help, fem., ‘help’; goes with ǣ niġe.; MS help.., B helpan; emended by Kemble. 2449a. eald: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘old’. infrōd: adj., very old and wise; with intensive in-. 2449b. ǣniġe: fem. acc.sg. of ǣ niġ, adj., ‘any’; modifies helpe. ġefremman: wk.1, to do; in collocation with help[e]. 2450a. Symble: adv., always. bið: see 2444a. ġemyndgad: pp. of ġemyndgian, wk.2, to call to ‘mind’. 2450b. morna: gen.pl. of morgen, masc., ‘morning’. ġehwylċe: masc. instr.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each, every; adverbial; w.gen.pl. 2451a. eaforan: gen.sg. of eafora, wk. masc., child. ellor-sīð: masc. nom.sg., ‘elsewhere-journey’, i.e. death. 2451b. ōðres: masc. gen.sg. of ōðer, adj., ‘(an)other’ (one). ġӯmeð: pres. 3sg. of ġȳman, wk.1, to be intent on. 2452a. ġebīdanne: ger. of ġebīdan, st.1, to await; w.gen. 2452b. burgum: dat.pl. of burh, fem., stronghold, castle; sg. meaning in pl. in innan: semi-prep., inside; with burgum. 2453a. yrfe-weardas: = -es: gen.sg. of yrfe-weard, masc., heir; parallel to or modified by ōðres. 2453b. þonne: conj., when. se ān: that one, i.e. Hæthcyn: masc. nom.sg. hafað: ‘has’: aux. 2454a. þurh: prep., ‘through’, by means of. dēaðes: gen.sg. of dēað, masc., ‘death’. nӯd: fem. acc.sg., distress [need]. 2454b. dǣda: gen.pl. of dǣ d, fem., (evil) ‘deed’. ġefondad: masc. nom.sg., pp. of ġefandian, wk.2, to experience; w.gen. 2455a. Ġesyhð: pres. 3sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’; w.acc. & inf. (omitted). sorh-ceariġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘sorrow-careful’, sad (one) 2455b. suna: gen.sg. of sunu, masc., ‘son’. būre: dat.sg. of būr, masc., ‘bower’, chamber.

204

wīn-sele wēstne, windġe reste

酒宴の広間が荒廃し、 風の住処となったのを

rēote berofene; rīdend swefað,

喜びを奪われて；  騎士たちは眠っている、

hæleð in hoðman; nis þǣr hearpan swēġ,

勇士らは墓の中で； そこにはハープの音はなく、

gomen in ġeardum, swylċe ðǣr iū wǣron.

住まいに歓楽はない、 かってあったようには。

2456a. wīn-sele: masc. acc.sg., ‘wine’-hall. wēstne: masc. acc.sg. of wēste, adj., wasted, deserted [cf. waste]. 2456b. windġe: fem. acc.sg. of windiġ, adj., ‘windy’. reste: acc.sg. of ræ st, fem., resting-place [rest]. 2457a. rēote: dat.sg. of rēotu, wk. fem., joy. berofene: fem. acc.sg, pp. of be-rēofan, st.2, to ‘bereave’, deprive; w.dat. 2457b. rīdend: (pres. part.) masc. nom.pl., rider. swefað: pres. 3pl. of swefan, st.5, to sleep in death. 2458a. hæleð: masc. nom.pl., warriors. hoðman: dat.sg. of hoðma, wk. masc., grave. 2458b. nis: ‘is not’. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. hearpan: gen.sg. of hearpe, wk. fem., ‘harp’. swēġ: masc. nom.sg., sound. 2459a. gomen: neut. nom.sg., mirth, amusement [game]. ġeardum: dat.pl. of ġeard, masc., dwelling [yard]. 2459b. swylċe: conj., (such) as. iū: = ġeō: adv., formerly. wǣron: ‘were’: 3pl. of wesan, st.5, to be.

205

XXXV・ 2460

2465

2470

XXXV

ĠEwīteð þonne on sealman, sorh-lēoð gæleð

2460

それから寝台に赴き、 悲しみの歌を唱える

ān æfter ānum; þūhte him eall tō rūm,

残った者が逝った者に； 全てが広すぎるように思えた、

wongas ond wīċ-stede. Swā Wedra helm

土地も住まいも。 そんな風にウェデラスの君主は

æfter Herebealde heortan sorge

ヘレベアルドに対し 心の悲しみが

weallinde wæg; wihte ne meahte

沸き起こるのを感じた； 決して出来なかった

on ðām feorh-bonan fǣġhðe ġebētan;

2465

命を奪った者を罰して 争いを解決することは；

nō ðӯ ǣr hē þone heaðo-rinc hatian ne meahte

いまだ彼はその武士を 処罰できなかった

lāðum dǣdum, þēah him lēof ne wæs.

憎むべき行いに対し、 愛してはいなかったが。

Hē ðā mid þǣre sorhge, þē him s[wā] sār belamp,

彼はその悲しみの余り、 ひどく苦しくなって、

gum-drēam ofġeaf, Godes lēoht ġeċēas;

人の世の喜びを捨て、 神の光りを選んだ；

eaferum lǣfde, swā dēð ēadiġ mon,

2470

lond ond lēod-byriġ, þā hē of līfe ġewāt.

息子たちに遺した、 恵まれた人がするように、 土地と城市を、 彼がこの世から去るとき。

2460a. ĠEwīteð: pres. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart, go; the unexpressed subject is the grieving father. þonne: adv., then. on: prep., on to. sealman: acc.sg. of sealma, wk. masc., bedstead. 2460b. sorh-lēoð: neut. acc.sg., ‘sorrow-song’. gæleð: pres. 3sg. of galan, st.6, to sing. 2461a. ān: num. masc. nom.sg., one. æfter: prep., w.dat., about, for. ānum: masc. dat.sg. of ān, num., ‘one’; see Com. 2461b. þūhte: pret. 3sg. of þynċan, wk.1, to seem. him: ‘him’: dat. eall: ‘all’: neut. nom.sg. tō: adv., ‘too’. rūm: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘roomy’, spacious. 2462a. wongas: nom.pl. of wong, masc., land. wīċ-stede: masc. nom.sg., ‘home-place’. 2462b. Swā: adv., in this manner. Wedra: gen. of Wederas. helm: masc. nom.sg., protector, i.e. Hrethel. 2463a. æfter: the same as 2461a. Herebealde: dat. of Herebeald, Geatish prince, eldest son of Hrethel. 2463b. heortan: gen.sg. of heorte, wk. fem., ‘heart’. sorge: acc.sg. of sorh, fem., ‘sorrow’. 2464a. weallinde: = -ende: pres. part. fem. acc.sg. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’; A, B linde. wæg: pret. 3sg. of wegan, st.5, to have (feelings) [weigh]. 2464b. wihte ne: in no way. meahte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 2465a. on: prep., at. ðām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. feorh-bonan: dat.sg. of feorh-bona, wk. masc., ‘life-slayer’, murderer. 2465b. fǣġhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’. ġebētan: wk.1, to settle. 2466a. nō ðȳ ǣr: yet...not, no sooner for. þone: the, that. heaðo-rinc: masc. acc.sg., ‘war-man’, i.e. Hæthcyn. 2466b. hatian: wk.2, to persecute [hate]. ne: not: an example of double negation with nō. meahte: ‘might’: pret. 3sg. 2467a. lāðum: fem. dat.pl. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’. dǣdum: dat.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’. 2467b. þēah: conj., ‘though’. him: ‘him’, i.e. Hrethel: dat. lēof: adj., masc. nom.sg., dear, beloved. ne: adv., not. 2468a. ðā: adv., then. mid: prep., w.dat., through. þǣre: the: fem. dat.sg. sorhge: dat.sg. of sorh, fem., ‘sorrow’. 2468b. þē: rel. particle, which. him: ‘to him’: dat. s[wā]: adv., ‘so’; MS sio; emended by Rieger, Lesebuch; cf. Klaeber, tō, ‘too’. sār: fem. nom.sg., adj., ‘sore’. belamp: pret. 3sg. of be-limpan, st.3, to happen (to); w.dat. 2469a. gum-drēam: masc. acc. sg., ‘man-joy’. ofġeaf: pret. 3sg. of of-ġyfan, st.5, to ‘give up’. 2469b. Godes: gen. of God, masc., ‘God’. lēoht: neut. acc.sg., ‘light’. ġeċēas: pret. 3sg. of ġeċēosan, st.2, to ‘choose’; see Com. 2470a. eaferum: dat.pl. of eafora, wk. masc., son. lǣfde: pret. 3sg. of lǣ fan, wk.1, to ‘leave’. 2470b. swā: conj., just as. dēð: pres. 3sg. of dōn, anom., to ‘do’. ēadiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., prosperous, blessed; see Com. mon: ‘man’. 2471a. lond: acc.sg. of land, neut. lēod-byriġ: acc.pl. of lēod-burg, fem., ‘people-borough’, town. 2471b. þā: conj., when. of: prep., from. līfe: dat.sg. of līf, neut., ‘life’. ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart.

206

185r

Þā |wæs synn ond sacu Swēona ond Ġēata

 それから敵意と争いが起こった スウェーデンとイェー アタスの間に

2475

2480

ofer [w]īd wæter wrōht ġemǣne,

広い海を隔てて、 よくある仲違いが、

here-nīð hearda, syððan Hrēðel swealt,

激しい敵意が、 フレーゼルが亡くなったとき、

oððe him Ongenðēowes eaferan wǣran

2475

そして彼らにオンゲンセーオウの 息子たちは

frome fyrd-hwate, frēode ne woldon

勇気があり好戦的だった； 友好を欲っせず

ofer heafo healdan, ac ymb Hrēosnabeorh

海を越えて保つことを、 フレーオズナ丘近くで

eatolne inwit-sċear oft ġefremedon.

恐ろしい邪な殺戮を しばしば行なったのだ。

Þæt mǣġ-wine mīne ġewrǣcan,

それに対し我が親族なる友らは 仕返しをした、

fǣhðe ond fyrene, swā hyt ġefrǣġe wæs,

2480

争いと犯罪に対し、 よく知られているように、

þēah ðe ōðer his ealdre ġebohte,

もっとも一人 (Hæ) は その命で支払ったのだが、

heardan ċēape; Hæðcynne wearð,

高価な代価で； ハスキュンにとっては、

Ġēata dryhtne gūð onsǣġe.

イェーアタスの君主にとっては 戦は険悪だった。

Þā iċ on morgne ġefræġn mǣġ ōðerne

その翌朝わしは聞いたのだ、 親族が同族のため

2472a. Þā: adv., then; see Com. synn: fem. nom.sg., hostility [sin]. sacu: fem. nom.sg., strife. 2472b. Swēona: gen. of Swēon, wk. masc. pl., the Swedes. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. 2473a. ofer: w.acc., ‘over’. [w]īd: adj., neut. acc. sg., ‘wide’; A ofer rid; emended by Grundtvig. wæter: neut. acc.sg., sea. 2473b. wrōht: fem. nom.sg., conflict. ġemǣne: adj., fem. nom.sg., common. 2474a. here-nīð: masc. nom.sg., ‘war-hate’, strife. hearda: wk. masc. nom. sg. of heard, adj., ‘hard’, severe. 2474b. syððan: conj., since, after. swealt: pret. 3sg. of sweltan, st.3, to die. 2475a. oððe: conj., and; ‘this usage is very rare’ (Jack, p. 172). him: to them, i.e. Geatas: dat.pl. Ongenðēowes: gen. of Ongenþēow, Swedish king. 2475b. eaferan: nom.pl. of eafora, wk. masc., son; Ohthere and Onela. wǣran: = -on: ‘were’: 3pl. of wesan, st.5. 2476a. frome: masc. nom.pl. of from, adj., bold. fyrd-hwate: masc. nom.pl. of fyrdhwæ t, adj., ‘war-ready’, warlike; these two adjectives are juxtaposed as in 1641a and 1874a. 2476b. frēode: acc.sg. of frēod, fem., friendship. woldon: pret. 3pl. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to want. 2477a. heafo: acc.pl. of hæ f, neut., sea. healdan: st.7, to ‘hold’, keep. 2477b. ac: conj., (not...) but. ymb: prep., w.acc., near. Hrēosnabeorh: masc. acc.sg., a hill in Geatland; cf. beorh, hill. 2478a. eatolne: masc. acc.sg. of atol, adj., horrible, hideous. inwit-sċear: masc. acc.sg., ‘malicious attack’. 2478b. oft: adv., ‘often’. ġefremedon: pret. 3pl. of ġefremman, wk.1, to perform. 2479a. Þæt: it, ‘that’; neut. acc.sg. mǣġ-wine: masc. nom.pl., ‘kinsman-friend’. 2479b. mīne: ‘my, mine’: masc. nom.pl. ġewrǣcan: = -on: st.5, pret. 3pl. of ġewrecan, to avenge. 2480a. fǣhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’. fyrene: acc.sg. of fyren, fem., crime. 2480b. swā: conj., as. hyt: ‘it’: nom. ġefrǣġe: adj., neut. nom.sg., well known. 2481a. þēah ðe: conj., usually with subj., ‘though’. ōðer: other (one): masc. nom.sg. his: ‘his’. 2481b. ealdre: instr.-dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. ġebohte: pret. 3sg. of ġebiċġan, wk.1, to ‘buy’, pay for; w.instr.-dat. 2482a. heardan: wk. masc. instr.-dat.sg. of heard, adj., ‘hard’, severe. ċēape: instr.-dat.sg. of ċēap, masc., bargain, price [chap]. 2482b. Hæðcynne: dat. of Hæ ðcyn, masc., Geatish king. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 2483a. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. dryhtne: dat.sg. of dryhten, masc., lord, i.e. Hæthcyn. 2483b. gūð: fem. nom.sg., battle. onsǣġe: adj., fem. nom.sg., fatal. 2484a. Þā: adv., then. morgne: dat.sg. of morgen, masc., ‘morning’. ġefræġn: pret. 1sg. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to hear of; w.acc. & inf. 2484b. mǣġ: masc. acc.sg., kinsman, i.e. Hygelac. ōðerne: masc. acc.sg. of ōðer, ‘other’, i.e. Hæthcyn.

207

2485

2490

billes eċġum on bonan stǣlan

2485

剣の刃で 殺害者 (O) に復讐したと、

þǣr Ongenþēow Eofores nīosað;

オンゲンセーオウが エオヴォルを攻めている時；

gūð-helm tōglād, gomela Sċylfing

兜は割れ、 老いたシュルヴィング (O) は

hrēas [hearo]-blāc; hond ġemunde

剣戟で蒼白となって倒れた； 手は覚えていて

fǣhðo ġenōge, feorh-swenġ ne oftēah.

宿怨を十分に、 命を奪う打撃を控えなかった。

Iċ him þā māðmas, þē hē mē sealde,

2490

わし (B) は主君に財宝の、 彼 (H) からの贈物の

ġeald æt gūðe, swā mē ġifeðe wæs,

借りを戦で返した、 運命がわしに許した通り、

lēohtan sweorde; hē mē lond forġeaf,

光る剣で； 彼からわしは領地を賜った、

eard ēðel-wyn. Næs him ǣniġ þearf,

地所と持家を。 何の必要も彼 (H) にはなかった 

þæt hē tō Ġifðum oððe tō Gār-Denum

彼がイブザスや 「槍の」デネや

2495

oððe in Swīo-rīċe sēċean þurfe

185v

|wyrsan wīġ-frecan,  weorðe ġeċȳpan;

力の劣る傭兵を、 高価な物で買うような。

symle iċ him on fēðan beforan wolde,

常にわしは彼の歩兵隊の 先頭にいたく思った、

2495

スウェーデンに 探しに行かねばならぬような

2485a. billes: gen.sg. of bil(l), neut., sword. eċġum: dat.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’. 2485b. bonan: acc.sg. of bana, wk. masc., killer; Ongentheow. stǣlan: wk.1, inf., to avenge. 2486a. þǣr: conj., when. 2486b. Eofores: gen.sg. of Eofor, masc., a Geat, slayer of Ongentheow. nīosað: pres. 3sg. of nēosian, wk.2, to attack; w.gen. 2487a. gūðhelm: masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-helmet’. tōglād: pret. 3sg. of tō-glīdan, st.1, to split in two. 2487b. gomela: wk. masc. nom.sg., of gamol, gomol, adj., aged. Sċylfing: masc. nom.sg., Ongentheow. 2488a. hrēas: pret. 3sg. of hrēosan, st.2, to fall. [heoro]-blāc: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘sword-pale’, mortally wounded; no gap in MS; supplied by Grein. 2488b. hond: fem. nom.sg., ‘hand’. ġemunde: pret. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember. 2489a. fǣhðo: fem. acc.pl., ‘feud’. ġenōge: fem. acc.pl. of ġenōg, adj., ‘enough’. 2489b. feorh-swenġ: masc. acc.sg., ‘life (= mortal)blow’. oftēah: pret. 3sg. of of-tēon, st.1, to withhold. 2490a. Here Beowulf leaves the telling of the Swedish war for the Frankish war. him: Hygelac. þā: the, that. māðmas: acc.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure, gift. 2490b. þē: rel. particle., which. sealde: 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to give. 2491a. ġeald: pret. 1sg. of ġyldan, st.3, to repay. gūðe: dat.sg. of gūð, fem., battle. 2491b. swā: conj., just as. ġifeðe: adj., neut. nom.sg., granted by fate. wæs: ‘was’: with omitted subject like hit ‘it’. 2492a. lēohtan: wk. neut. dat.sg. of lēoht, adj., bright, gleaming. sweorde: dat.sg. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. 2492b. lond: neut. acc.sg., ‘land’. forġeaf: pret. 3sg. of for-ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’, grant. 2493a. eard: masc. acc.sg., estate. ēðel-wyn: fem. acc.sg., ‘home-joy’, delightful home. 2493b. Næs: ‘was not’. ǣniġ: fem. nom.sg., adj., ‘any’. þearf: fem. nom.sg., need. 2494a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. tō: prep., from. Ġifðum: dat. of Ġifðas, masc. pl., East Germanic tribe. 2494b. oððe: conj., or. Gār-Denum: dat.pl. of Gār-Dene. 2495a. oððe: see 2494b. Swīo-rīċe: neut. dat.sg., Swedish kingdom. 2495b. sēċean: wk.1, to ‘seek’. þurfe: pres. subj. 3sg. of þurfan, pret.pres., to need. 2496a. wyrsan: masc. acc.sg. of wyrsa, compar., worse. 2496b. wīġ-frecan: acc.sg. of wīġ-freca, wk. masc., ‘war-man’, warrior. weorðe: dat.sg. of weorð, neut., ‘worth’. ġeċȳpan: wk.1, to buy, obtain by payment; cf. a cognate word OE ċēapian [cf. cheap; G. kaufen]. 2497a. symle: adv., always. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. fēðan: dat.sg. of fēþa, wk. masc., band of ‘foot’ soldiers. 2497b. beforan: adv., ‘before’. wolde: ‘would’, wanted: pret. 1sg.; with the ellipsis of ‘be’.

208

2500

2505

2510

āna on orde. ond swā tō aldre sċeall

一人前面に、 だから死ぬまでずっと

sæċċe fremman,

戦をするつもりだ、 この剣が持ち堪える間は、

þenden þis sweord þolað,

þæt meċ ǣr ond sīð oft ġelǣste,

2500

この剣はずっと よくわしに仕えてくれた、

syððan iċ for dugeðum Dæġhrefne wearð

わしが軍勢の見ている前で ダイフレヴンの

tō hand-bonan, Hūga cempan.

殺害者となってからは、 フーガスの武将の。

Nalles hē ðā frætwe Frēs-cyning[e],

彼は飾り武具を フレーザンの王のもとに

brēost-weorðunge bringan mōste,

胸当て飾りを 持ち帰ることはできず、

ac in c[a]mp[e] ġecrong cumbles hyrde,

2505

戦場に倒れた 旗手 (D) は、

æþeling on elne; ne wæs eċġ bona,

戦士は勇敢に闘って； 刃が殺したのではなく、

ac him hilde-grāp heortan wylmas,

敵意に燃える握力が 彼の激しく鼓動する心臓を、

bān-hūs ġebræc. Nū sċeall billes eċġ,

骨格をつぶしてしまった。 今度は剣の刃が、 

hond ond heard sweord ymb hord wīgan.”

手と丈夫な剣が 宝庫を巡って戦うはずである』

Bēowulf maðelode, bēot-wordum spræc

2510

ベーオウルフは語った、 誇りの言葉を述べた、

2498a. āna: wk. masc. nom.sg. of ān, num., alone. on orde: in front. orde: at.sg. of ord, masc., front. 2498b. swā: adv., ‘so’. tō alder: always. alder: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. sċeall: ‘shall’: pres. 1sg. 2499a. sæċċe: acc.sg. of sæ ċ(ċ), fem., battle, fight. fremman: wk.1, to do. 2499b. þenden: conj., while, as long as. þis: ‘this’: neut. nom.sg. sweord: neut. nom.sg., ‘sword’. þolað: pres. 3sg. of þolian, wk.2, to hold out, last. 2500a. þæt: it, ‘that’, i.e. sweord: neut. nom.sg. meċ: ‘me’: acc. ǣr: adv., early. sīð: adv., later; ǣ r ond sīð, ‘at all times’. 2500b. oft: adv., ‘often’, repeatedly. ġelǣste: pret. 3sg. of ġelǣ stan, wk.1, to serve, stand by. 2501a. syððan: conj., since. for: prep., w.dat., before, in front of. dugeðum: fem. dat.pl., tried warriors. 2501b. Dæġhrefne: dat. of Dæ ġhrefn, masc., a Frankish warrior. wearð: pret. 1sg. of weorðan, st.3, with tō, to become. 2502a. hand-bonan: dat.sg. of hand-bona, wk. masc., ‘hand-slayer’. 2502b. Hūga: gen. of Hūgas, masc. pl., the Franks. cempan: dat.sg. of cempa, wk. masc., warrior [†kemp]. 2503a. Nalles: adv., not at all. ðā: the, that: fem. acc.pl. frætwe: fem. pl. acc., decorated armour. 2503b. Frēs-cyning[e]: dat.sg. of Frēs-cyning, masc., Frisian ‘king’; MS fres cyning; emended by Grundtvig. 2504a. brēost-weorðunge: acc.sg. of brēost-weorðung, fem., ‘breast decoration’; Jack footnotes that this is ‘presumably the collar...worn by Hygelac’, but doubtful. 2504b. bringan: wk.1, to ‘bring’. mōste: could: pret. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.pres. 2505a. ac: conj., (not...) but. c[a]mp[e]: dat.sg. of camp, masc. / neut., battle; MS cempan; emended by Kemble. ġecrong: pret. 3sg. of ġecringan, st.3, to fall in battle. 2505b. cumbles: gen.sg. of cumbol, neut., banner. hyrde: masc. nom.sg., keeper. 2506a. æþeling: masc. nom.sg., prince, hero. elne: dat.sg. of ellen, neut., courage. 2506b. eċġ: fem. nom.sg., ‘edge’, sword. bona: wk. masc. nom.sg., killer. 2507a. ac: conj., (not...) but, him: poss. dat. hilde-grāp: fem. nom.sg., ‘war grip’. 2507b. heortan: gen.sg. of heorte, wk. fem., ‘heart’. wylmas: acc.pl. of wylm, masc., ‘welling’, surging. 2508a. bān-hūs: neut. acc.sg., ‘bone-house’, the body. ġebræc: pret. 3sg. of ġebrecan, st.4, to ‘break’, crush. 2508b. Nū: adv., ‘now’. sċeall: pres. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., ‘shall’, must. billes: gen.sg. of bil, neut., sword. eċġ: fem. nom.sg., ‘edge’. 2509a. hond: fem. nom.sg., ‘hand’. heard: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘hard’. sweord: neut. nom.sg., ‘sword’. 2509b. ymb: prep., w.acc., concerning. hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘hoard’; Dragon’s. wīgan: st.1, to fight. 2510a. maðelode: pret. 3sg. of maþelian, wk.2, to speak formally. 2510b. bēot-wordum: dat.pl. of bēot-word, neut., (in pl.) ‘boasting-words’. spræc: pret. 3sg. of sprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’.

209

2515

nīehstan sīðe: “Iċ ġenēðde fela

最後の： 『わしは出征した幾多の

gūða on ġeogoðe; ġȳt iċ wylle,

戦いに、若い時； 今でもわしは望んでおる、

frōd folces weard fǣhðe sēċan,

年老いた国民の保護者として 怨みを晴らし、

mǣrð[u] fremman, ġif meċ se mān-sċeaða

武勲をたてることを、 もしわしに邪な敵が

of eorð-sele ūt ġesēċeð.”

2515

土中の広間から 出てきて対決するならば ! 』

Ġegrētte ðā gumena ġehwylċne,

それから話しかけた 家来の全てに、

hwate helm-berend hindeman sīðe,

勇敢な兜の主たちに 最後に

swǣse ġesīðas: “Nolde iċ sweord beran,

彼の仲間に： 『わしは剣を携えて行かぬところだが、

186r

wǣpen tō wyrme, |ġif iċ wiste hū

武器を龍には、 もしわしに分かっていれば、

2520

wið ðām āglǣċean elles meahte

2520

その怪物に対し 他の方法で、できると

ġylpe wiðgrīpan, swā iċ ġiō wið Grendle dyde;

手で立派に掴みかかれると、 以前グレンデルに対したように；

ac iċ ðǣr heaðu-fȳres hātes wēne,

だがわしは今度は戦の火炎の 熱を浴びると思う、

[o]reðes ond [a]ttres; forðon iċ mē on hafu

毒ある息を； だからわしは身に付けようと思う、

2511a. nīehstan: masc. dat.sg. of nīehsta, last, supl. of nēah, adj., near [nigh, next]. sīðe: dat.sg. of sīð, masc., time, occasion. 2511b. ġenēðde: pret. 1sg. of ġenēþan, wk.1, to undertake. fela: acc.sg., many; w.gen. 2512a. gūða: gen.pl. of gūð, fem., battle. ġeogoðe: dat.sg. of ġeogoð, fem., ‘youth’. 2512b. ġȳt: adv., ‘yet’, still. wylle: pres. 1sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to wish. 2513a. frōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., old and wise. folces: gen.sg. of folc, neut., ‘folk’, people. weard: masc. nom.sg., guardian [ward]. 2513b. fǣhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’. sēċan: wk.1, to seek. 2514a. mǣrð[u]: acc.sg. of mǣ rðo, fem., glorious deed; MS mæ rðū (= mæ rðum); a scribal error; emended by Bugge; cf. M & R’s MS reading as ‘gloriously’. fremman: wk.1, to perform. 2514b. ġif: conj., ‘if ’. meċ: ‘me’: acc.; the object of ġesēċeð. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. mān-sċeaða: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘wicked scather’, evil-doer. 2515a. of: prep., from. eorð-sele: masc. dat.sg., ‘earth-hall’, dwelling in the earth. 2515b. ūt: adv., ‘out’. ġesēċeð: pres. 3sg. of ġesēċan, wk.1, to attack. 2516a. Ġegrētte: pret. 3sg. of ġegrētan, wk.1, to ‘greet’, address. ðā: adv., then. 2516b. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. ġehwylċne: masc. acc.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., every (one); w.gen. 2517a. hwate: masc. acc.pl. of hwæ t, adj., brave. helm-berend: masc. acc.pl., ‘helmet-bearer’, warrior of higher status. 2517b. hindeman: masc. dat.sg. of hindema, adj. supl., last. siðe: see 2511a. 2518a. swǣse: masc. acc.pl. of swǣ s, adj., own, dear. ġesīðas: acc.pl. of ġesīð, masc., companion. 2518b. Nolde: pret. subj. 1sg. neg. of willan, anom., ‘will’. sweord: neut. acc.sg., ‘sword’. beran: st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 2519a. wǣpen: neut. acc.sg., ‘weapon’. wyrme: dat.sg. of wyrm, masc., serpent, dragon. 2519b. ġif: conj., ‘if ’. wiste: pret. subj. 1sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know. hū: conj., ‘how’. 2520a. wið: prep., w.dat., against. ðām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. āglǣċean: dat.sg. of āg-lǣ ċa, wk. masc., monster. 2520b. elles: adv., ‘else’, otherwise. meahte: pret. subj. 1sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can, may. 2521a. ġylpe: proudly: dat.sg. of ġilp, ġylp, neut., boast, pride. wið-grīpan: st.1, to grapple with. 2521b. swā: conj., just as. ġiō: adv., formerly. wið: see 2520a. Grendle: dat. of Grendel. dyde: ‘did’: pret. 1sg. 2522a. ac: conj., but. ðǣr: adv., ‘there’. heaðu-fȳres: gen.sg. of heaðo-fȳr, heaðu-fȳr, neut., ‘battle-fire’. 2522b. hātes: neut. gen.sg. of hāt, adj., ‘hot’. wēne: pres. 1sg. of wēnan, wk.1, to expect [ween]; w.gen. 2523a. [o]reðes: gen.sg. of oruð, neut., breath; cf. 2557a; for MS see next. [a]ttres: gen.sg. of attor, neut., venom, poison; MS reðes 7 hattres; emended by Grein.

2523b.

forðon: adv., therefore.

postpositioned. hafu: pres. 1sg. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’.

210

mē: ‘me’: dat.

on: prep., ‘on’;

bord ond byrnan. Nelle iċ beorges weard 2525

2530

2535

楯と鎧を。 わしは洞窟の番人からは

oferflēo[ha]n fōtes trem, ac unc [furður] sċeal

2525

一歩も退かぬつもりであり、 さらに我ら二人は

weorðan æt wealle, swā unc wyrd ġetēoð,

洞窟にて、なるはずである、 運命が我ら二人に定めるままに、

Metod manna ġehwæs. Iċ eom on mōde from,

万民を統べる神が。 わしは勇気凛々なので

þæt iċ wið þone gūð-flogan ġylp ofersitte.

飛龍に対し 自慢を控えることはしない。

Ġebīde ġē on beorge byrnum werede,

お前達は洞窟の上で待っておれ 鎧に身を固め、

seċġas on searwum, hwæðer sēl mæġe

2530

武装した者たちは、 どちらがよりよく

æfter wæl-rǣse wunde ġedȳgan

決闘の後 傷に堪えうるか

uncer twēġa. Nis þæt ēower sīð,

我ら二人のうち。 お前たちの仕事ではない、

nē ġemet mannes, nefn(e) mīn ānes,

誰にもできぬことだ、 わし以外の、

[þæ]t hē wið āglǣċean eofoðo dǣle,

怪物に対し 力を振るい

eorl-sċype efne. Iċ mid elne sċeall

2535

gold ġegangan, oððe gūð nimeð,

武勇を行なうことは。 わしは勇気をもって 黄金を得るか、 さもなくば戦が奪うだろう、

2524a. bord: neut. acc.sg., shield [board]. byrnan: acc.sg. of byrne, wk. fem., coat of mail [byrnie]. 2524b. Nelle: = ne + wille: will not. beorges: gen.sg. of beorg, masc., cave, ‘barrow’. weard: masc. acc.sg., guardian [ward]. 2525a. oferflēo[ha]n: st.2, to ‘flee from’; MS fleon; expanded by Wrenn for metre. fōtes: gen.sg. of fōt, masc., ‘foot’. trem: masc. / neut. acc.sg., step. 2525b. ac: conj., (not...) but. unc: dat. of wit, dual., us two. [furður]: adv., ‘further’; no gap in MS; supplied by Chambers. sċeal: ‘shall’, ought to: pres. 3sg.; with an omitted subject like hit ‘it’. 2526a. weorðan: st.3, to happen. wealle: dat.sg. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’, cave. 2526b. swā: conj., as. wyrd: fem. nom.sg., fate; see Com. ġetēoð: pres. 3sg. of ġetēon, wk.2, to allot. 2527a. Metod: masc. nom.sg., God. manna: ‘of men’: gen.pl. ġehwæs: masc. gen.sg. of ġehwā, each. 2527b. eom: ‘am’. mōde: dat.sg. of mōd, neut., mind. from: adj., masc. nom.sg., brave. 2528a. þæt: conj., so that. wið: against. þone: the, that: masc. acc.sg. gūð-flogan: acc.sg. of gūð-floga, wk. masc., ‘war-flier’. 2528b. ġylp: neut. acc.sg., boast. ofersitte: pres. 1sg. of ofer-sittan, st.5, to abstain from. 2529a. Ġebīde: imper. pl. of ġebīdan, st.1, to await. ġē: ‘ye’: nom. beorge: dat.sg. of beorg, masc., ‘barrow’. 2529b. byrnum: instr.-dat.pl. of byrne, wk. fem., coat of mail; cf. 2524a. werede: pp. masc. nom.pl. of werian, wk.1, to protect. 2530a. seċġas: nom.pl. of seċġ, masc., warrior. searwum: dat.pl. of searo, neut., armour. 2530b. hwæðer: pron., masc. nom.sg., which of two. sēl: adv., compar., better. mæġe: pres. subj. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can. 2531a. wæl-rǣse: dat.sg. of wæ l-rǣ s, masc., ‘deadly conflict’. 2531b. wunde: acc.sg. of wund, fem., ‘wound’. ġedȳġan: wk.1, to survive. 2532a. uncer: our two: gen. dual. twēġa: gen. of twēġen, ‘twain’. 2532b. Nis: ‘is not’. þæt (...[þæ]t): ‘it (...that). ēower: poss. adj., ‘your’. sīð: masc. nom.sg., venture, expedition. 2533a. nē: conj., nor. ġemet: neut. nom.sg., power. mannes: gen.sg. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 2533b. nefn[e]: conj., except; without verb; B nefn; restored by Grundtvig. mīn: ‘my, mine’: gen. ānes: masc. gen. sg. of ān, num., alone, only. 2534a. [þæ]t: conj., ‘that’; MS wat; emended by Kemble. wið: see 2528a. āglǣċean: dat.sg. of āg-lǣ ċa, wk. masc., monster. 2534b. eofoðo: acc.pl. of eafoð, neut., strength. dǣle: pres. subj. 3sg. of dǣ lan, wk.1, to share; eofoðo dǣ lan, ‘to fight’. 2535a. eorl-sċype: masc. acc.sg., ‘nobleman-ship’, manliness. efne: pres. subj. 3sg. of efnan, wk.1, to perform. 2535b. mid: with. elne: dat.sg. of ellen, neut., courage. sċeall: ‘shall’, am to: pres. 1sg. 2536a. gold: neut. acc.sg., ‘gold’. ġegangan: st.7, to obtain. 2536b. oððe: conj., or. gūð: fem. nom.sg., battle. nimeð: pres. 3sg. of niman, st.4, to take.

211

feorh-bealu frēċne frēan ēowerne!”

恐ろしい致命的な禍が お前たちの主君を！』

Ārās ðā bī ronde rōf ōretta,

 それから楯をついて立ち上がった、 勇士は、

heard under helme, hioro-serċean bær 2540

186v

2545

under stān-cleofu, strenġo ġetruwode

兜を被った豪胆者は、 戦衣を携えて行った 2540

岩壁の下に、 力を信じた、

ānes mannes; ne bið swylċ earges sīð!

己だけの； それは臆病者のやり方ではない！

Ġeseah ðā be wealle |sē ðe worna fela

やがて岩壁の根方に見つけたのだった、 幾多の

gum-cystum gōd gūða ġedīġde,

男の徳に秀で、 戦を、生き抜いてきた者 (B) は、

hilde-hlemma, þonne hnitan fēðan,

武闘を、 歩兵隊同士が衝突したときに、

sto[n]dan stān-bogan, strēam ūt þonan

2545

岩に入口がついており、 流れがそこから外へ

brecan of beorge; wæs þǣre burnan wælm

岩屋から噴出しているのを； その流れの湧水は

heaðo-fȳrum hāt, ne meahte horde nēah

猛火で熱く、 宝庫の近くでは不可能だった

unbyrnende ǣniġe hwīle

火傷をせずに 瞬時たりとも

2537a. feorh-bealu: neut. nom.sg., ‘life-bale’, fatal death. frēċne: adj., neut. nom.sg., fearful. 2537b. frēan: wk. masc. acc.sg., lord. ēowerne: masc. acc.sg. of ēower, your. 2538a. Ārās: pret. 3sg. of ā-rīsan, st.1, to ‘arise’; see Com. ðā: adv., then. bī: prep., ‘by’. ronde: dat.sg. of rond, masc., shield. 2538b. rōf: adj., masc. nom.sg., renowned, courageous. ōretta: wk. masc. nom.sg., hero, champion. 2539a. heard: adj., masc. nom.sg., hard (one), brave. helme: dat.sg. of helm, masc., ‘helmet’. 2539b. hioro-serċean: acc.sg. of hioro-serċe, wk. fem., ‘war-sark’, corslet. bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to ‘bear. 2540a. under: prep., w.acc., under. stān-cleofu: acc.pl. of stān-clif, neut., ‘stone cliff’. 2540b. strenġo: wk. fem. dat.sg., ‘strength’. ġetruwode: pret. 3sg. of ġetruwian, wk.2, to trust; w. dat. 2541a. ānes: masc. gen.sg. of ān, num., ‘one’. mannes: gen.sg. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 2541b. bið: is: 3sg. of bēon, anom. swylċ: such: pron., masc. nom.sg. earges: gen.sg. of earg, adj., timid (one); coward. sīð: masc. nom.sg., course (of action). 2542a. Ġeseah: pret. 3sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’; w.acc. & inf. ðā: adv., then. be: prep., near [by]. wealle: dat.sg. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’, cave. 2542b. sē ðe: rel. pron., he who. worna: gen.pl. of worn, masc., a large number. fela: acc.sg., many; w.gen. (worna); the object of ġedīġde . 2543a. gum-cystum: dat. pl. of gum-cyst, fem., ‘manly virtue’. gōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘good’ (one), excellent. 2543b. gūða: gen.pl. of gūð, fem., battle, encounter; gūða and hilde-hlemma modify worna fela. ġedīġde: pret. 3sg. of ġedīġan, wk.1, to survive. 2544a. hilde-hlemma: gen.pl. of hilde-hlæ m(m), masc., ‘battle-sound (= crash)’. 2544b. þonne: conj., when. hnitan: -on: pret. 3pl. of hnītan, st.1, to clash together. fēðan: nom.pl. of fēþa, wk. masc., ‘foot’ soldiers. 2545a. sto[n]dan: = standan, st.6, inf., to ‘stand’; A, B stodan (= stood); emended by Thorpe. stān-bogan: acc.pl. of stānboga, wk. masc., ‘stone archway’. 2545b. strēam: masc. acc.sg., ‘stream’. ūt: adv., ‘out’. þonan: adv., thence. 2546a. brecan: st.4, inf., to burst (from, out of). of: prep., w.dat., from, out of. beorge: dat.sg. of beorg, beorh, masc., ‘barrow’. 2546b. þǣre: the, that: fem. gen.sg. of sēo. burnan: gen.sg. of burne, wk. fem., stream, river [G. Brunnen]. wælm: masc. nom.sg., ‘welling’, surging. 2547a. heaðo-fȳrum: dat.pl. of heaðo-fȳr, heaðu-fȳr, neut., ‘battle-fire’. hāt: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘hot’. 2547b. meahte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg.; the subject is sē ðe in 2542a. horde: dat.sg. of hord, neut., ‘hoard’. nēah: prep., w.dat., near; postpositioned. 2548a. un-byrnende: adj. (pres. part.), without burning. 2548b. ǣniġe: fem. acc.sg. of ǣ niġ, adj., ‘any’. hwīle: acc.sg. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’; adverbial.

212

dēop ġedȳġan for dracan lēġe. 2550

Lēt ðā of brēostum, ðā hē ġebolgen wæs,

入口を通り抜けることは 龍の炎のために。 2550

Weder-Ġēata lēod word ūt faran,

2555

2560

その時胸から、 怒り心頭に発したとき、 「嵐の」イェーアタスの主君は 言葉を吐かせた、

stearc-heort styrmde; stefn in becōm

豪胆者は大音声で叫んだ； 声が、入って行った、

heaðo-torht hlynnan under hārne stān.

戦によく通る響きが、 灰色の岩屋の奥へ。

Hete wæs onhrēred, hord-weard oncnīow

敵意をかき立てられ 宝庫の番人は認めた

mannes reorde; næs ðǣr māra fyrst

2555

人間の声を； もはや時間はなかった

frēode tō friclan. From ǣrest cwōm

和睦を求める； 先ず出て来た

oruð āglǣċean ūt of stāne,

怪物の息が 岩屋から、

hāt hilde-swāt; hrūse dynede.

熱い激しい蒸気が； 地は鳴り響いた。

Biorn under beorge bord-rand onswāf

塚の下の英雄は 楯を振り回した

wið ðām gryre-ġieste, Ġēata dryhten;

2560

ðā wæs hring-bogan heorte ġefȳsed

恐ろしい余所者に対し、 イェーアタスの主君は； するととぐろ巻くものの 心は駆り立てられた、

2549a. dēop: neut. acc.sg., ‘deep’ place, hollow passage. ġedȳġan: wk.1, to pass safely through. 2549b. dracan: gen.sg. of draca, wk. masc., dragon. lēġe: dat.sg. of līg, lēġ, masc., flame, fire. 2550a. Lēt: pret. 3sg. of lǣ tan, st.7, to ‘let’; w.acc. & inf. ðā: adv., then. of: prep., w. dat., from, out of. brēostum: dat.pl. of brēost, neut., ‘breast’. 2550b. ðā: conj., when. ġebolgen: swollen with anger, enraged; pp. of ġebelgan, st.3, to anger. 2551a. WederĠēata: gen. of Weder-Ġēatas, masc. pl., the Weather-Geatas. lēod: masc. nom.sg., prince. 2551b. word: neut. acc. sg., ‘word’. ūt: adv., ‘out’. faran: st.6, inf., to ‘fare’, go forth. 2552a. stearc-heort: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘starkhearted’ (one). styrmde: pret. 3sg. of styrman, wk.1, to shout, roar [storm]. 2552b. stefn: fem. nom.sg., sound. in: adv., ‘in’. becōm: pret. 3sg. of be-cuman, st.4, to come. 2553a. heaðo-torht: adj., fem. nom.sg., clear-sounding battle cry. hlynnan: wk.1, inf., to roar. 2553b. under: prep., w.acc., ‘under’, to the inside of. hārne: masc. acc.sg. of hār, adj., ‘hoary’, grey. stān: masc. acc.sg., ‘stone’, rock. 2554a. Hete: masc. nom.sg., ‘hate’, hostility. onhrēred: pp. of on-hrēran, wk.1, to stir up, arouse. 2554b. hord-weard: masc. nom.sg., guardian of treasure, i.e. dragon. oncnīow: pret. 3sg. of on-cnāwan, st.7, to know, recognize. 2555a. mannes: gen.sg. of mon(n), man(n), masc., ‘man’. reorde: acc.sg. of reord, fem., voice. 2555b. næs: was not; pret. 3sg. neg. of wesan, st.5. ðǣr: adv., ‘there’. māra: greater, ‘more’; comp. of miċel, adj., great. fyrst: masc. nom.sg., space of time. 2556a. frēode: gen. sg. of frēod, fem., friendship. tō: prep., w.inf., see l. 316. friclan: wk.1, to desire, ask for; w.gen. 2556b. From: adv., forth. ǣrest: first: supl. of ǣ r, adv., early. cwōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 2557a. oruð: neut. nom. sg., breath. āglǣċean: gen.sg. of āg-lǣ ċa, wk. masc., monster. 2557b. ūt: adv., ‘out’. of: prep., w.dat., from. stāne: dat.sg. of stān, masc., ‘stone’, rock. 2558a. hāt: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘hot’. hilde-swāt: masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-sweat’, hostile vapour. 2558b. hrūse: wk. fem. nom.sg., earth, ground. dynede: pret. 3sg. of dynnan, wk.1, to resound, reverberate [din]. 2559a. Biorn: = beorn: masc. nom.sg., hero. beorge: dat.sg. of beorg, masc., ‘barrow’. 2559b. bord-rand: masc. acc.sg., ‘shield-shield’. onswāf: pret. 3sg. of on-swīfan, st.1, to swing, turn. 2560a. wið: prep., against. ðām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. gryre-ġieste: dat.sg. of gryre-ġiest, masc., ‘grim-guest’, terrible stranger. 2560b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. dryhten: masc. nom.sg., lord. 2561a. ðā: adv., then. hringbogan: gen.sg. of hring-boga, wk. masc., ‘ringed (= coiled) bow’, dragon. 2561b. heorte: wk. fem. nom.sg., ‘heart’. ġefȳsed: pp. of ġefȳsan, wk.1, to incite.

213

sæċċe tō sēċeanne. Sweord ǣr ġebrǣd

争いを求めることに。 剣をすでに抜いていた

gōd gūð-cyning, gomele lāfe,

勇敢な闘う王は、 古の伝来の物を、

2564

eċġum un[s]lāw; ǣġhwæðrum wæs

刃鈍からざる； どちらにも起こった

187r

bealo-hyċġendra |brōga fram ōðrum.

2570

2575

2565

害をなさんとする者たちの 相手に対する恐怖が。

Stīð-mōd ġestōd wið stēapne rond

心猛き者は身構えた 丈高き楯を立てて、

winia bealdor, ðā se wyrm ġebēah

仲間たちの主君は、 龍がとぐろを巻いたとき

snūde tōsomne; hē on searwum bād.

すばやく身を縮めて； 彼 (B) は武装して待った。

Ġewāt ðā byrnende ġebogen sċrīðan,

すると火を吐いてやって来た とぐろを解いて、

tō ġesċipe sċyndan. Sċyld wēl ġebearg

2570

運命へと急ぎながら。 楯はよく守らなかった

līfe ond līċe lǣssan hwīle

命と体を 短い間しか、

mǣrum þēodne, þonne his myne sōhte;

名高き王の、 彼が願ったよりも；

ðǣr hē þӯ fyrste forman dōgore

そこで彼はその定めの時に 生まれて始めて 

wealdan mōste, swā him wyrd ne ġesċrāf

なさざるを得なかった、 運命が彼に定めぬままに

hrēð æt hilde. Hond up ābrǣd

2575

戦の勝利を。 手を挙げて

2562a. sæċċe: acc.sg. of sæ ċ(ċ), fem., fight. sēċeanne: ger. of sēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’. 2562b. Sweord: neut. acc.sg., ‘sword’. ǣr: adv., before. ġebrǣd: pret. 3sg. of ġebreġdan, st.3, to draw. 2563a. gōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., brave. gūð-cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘war-king’. 2563b. gomele: fem. acc.sg. of gomol, adj., ancient. lāfe: acc.sg. of lāf, fem., legacy. 2564a. eċġum: dat.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’. un[s]lāw: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘un-slow’, not blunt; MS un/ gleaw; emended by Bugge. 2564b. ǣġhwæðrum: masc. dat.sg. of ǣ ġhwæ ðer, pron., either; w.gen. 2565a. bealohyċġendra: gen.pl. of bealo-hyċġende, evil-intending’ (one). 2565b. brōga: wk. masc. nom.sg., horror. ōðrum: masc. dat.sg. of ōðer, ‘other’. 2566a. Stīð-mōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘stiff-minded’ (one), i.e. Beowulf. ġestōd: pret. 3sg. of ġestandan, st.6, to withstand. 2566b. wið: prep., against. stēapne: masc. acc.sg. of stēap, adj., high. rond: masc. acc.sg., shield. 2567a. winia: gen.pl. of wine, masc., friend. bealdor: masc. nom.sg., lord. 2567b. ðā: conj., when. se: the, that. wyrm: masc. nom.sg., dragon. ġebēah: pret. 3sg. of ġebūgan, st.2, to coil together. 2568a. snūde: adv., quickly. tōsomne: adv., together. 2568b. searwum: dat.pl. of searo, neut., armour. bād: pret. 3sg. of bīdan, st.1, to wait. 2569a. Ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart; w. inf. ðā: adv., then. byrnende: pres. part. of byrnan, st.3, to ‘burn’. 2569b. ġebogen: pp. of ġebūgan; see 2567b. sċrīðan: st.1, inf., to glide. 2570a. ġesċipe: neut. dat.sg., fate. sċyndan: wk.1, inf., to hasten. 2570b. Sċyld: masc. nom.sg., ‘shield’. wēl: adv., ‘well’. ġebearg: pret. 3sg. of ġebeorgan, st.3, to protect; w.dat. 2571a. līfe: dat.sg. of līf, neut., ‘life’. līċe: dat.sg. of līċ, neut., body. 2571b. lǣssan: fem. acc.sg. of lǣ ssa, ‘less’. hwīle: acc.sg. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’. 2572a. mǣrum: masc. dat.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous. þēodne: dat. sg. of þēoden, masc., king. 2572b. þonne: conj., than. myne: masc. nom.sg., desire. sōhte: pret. 3sg. of sēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’. 2573a. ðǣr: adv., ‘there’. þȳ: the: masc. instr.sg. of se. fyrste: dat.sg. of fyrst, masc., time; þȳ fyrste, ‘for his allotted time’. 2573b. forman: dat.sg. of forma, adj., first. dōgore: dat.sg. of dōgor, neut., day; forman dōgore, ‘on the first day’; for the interpretation of ðǣ r...mōste, see Klaeber’s Notes, p. 216. 2574a. wealdan: st.7, to manage. mōste: pret. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., must. 2574b. swā: conj., as. him: ‘him’: dat. wyrd: fem. nom.sg., fate. ġesċrāf: pret. 3sg. of ġesċrīfan, st.1, to allot. 2575a. hrēð: neut. acc.sg., glory. hilde: dat.sg. of hild, fem., battle. 2575b. Hond: fem. acc.sg., ‘hand’. ābrǣd: pret. 3sg. of ā-breġdan, st.3, to raise.

214

2580

2585

Ġēata dryhten, gryre-fāhne slōh

イェーアタスの王は 恐ろしいまだら色を打った

inċġe-lāfe, þæt sīo eċġ ġewāc

強き伝来の剣で、 その刃は歯が立たず

brūn on bāne, bāt unswīðor

輝くものは骨には、 強くは食い込まなかった、

þonne his ðīod-cyning þearfe hæfde

民の王が それを必要としたよりも

bysiġum ġebǣded. Þā wæs beorges weard

2580

苦境に立たされて。 すると塚の番人は

æfter heaðu-swenġe on hrēoum mōde,

敵の太刀を受けて 心激し

wearp wæl-fȳre; wīde sprungon

殺人の炎を吐きかけた； 大きく広がった

hilde-lēoman. Hrēð-sigora ne ġealp

戦火は。 勝利の栄光を誇れなかった

gold-wine Ġēata; gūð-bill ġeswāc

イェーアタスの黄金の友は； 戦刀は裏切った

nacod æt nīðe, swā hyt nō sċeolde,

2585

闘いで抜かれた、 そんなはずはなかったのだが、

īren ǣr-gōd. Ne wæs þæt ēðe sīð,

古き良き鉄剣は。 それは楽な遠征ではなかった、

þæt se mǣra maga Eċġðēowes

名高き エッジセーオウの息子が

grund-wong þone ofġyfan wolde;

この世を 去りたく思った以上；

sċeolde [ofer] willan wīċ eardian

心ならずも 住まざるをえなくなった以上

2576a. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas, masc. pl. dryhten: masc. nom.sg., lord. 2576b. gryre-fāhne: masc. acc.sg. of gryre-fāh, adj., horribly variegated (one), i.e. dragon. slōh: pret. 3sg. of slēan, st.6, to strike. 2577a. inċġe-lāfe: instr.-dat.sg. of inċġe-lāf, fem., ancestral sword. 2577b. þæt: conj., so that. sīo: the, that: fem. nom.sg. eċġ: fem. nom.sg., ‘edge’. ġewāc: pret. 3sg. of ġewīcan, st.1, to fail. 2578a. brūn: adj., masc. nom.sg., gleaming [brown]. on: prep., in. bāne: dat.sg. of bān, neut., ‘bone’. 2578b. bāt: pret. 3sg. of bītan, st.1, to ‘bite’. unswīðor: compar. of un-swīðe, adv., not strongly. 2579a. þonne: conj., than. his: of it, i.e. strong blow; neut. gen.sg. of hit; modifies þearfe. ðīod-cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘people’s king’. 2579b. þearfe: acc.sg. of þearf, fem., need. hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg. 2580a. bysiġum: dat.pl. of bis(i)ġu, wk. fem., affliction [cf. busy]. ġebǣded: pp. of bǣ dan, wk.1, to oppress. 2580b. Þā: adv., then. beorges: gen.sg. of beorg, masc., ‘barrow’. weard: masc. nom.sg., guardian. 2581a. heaðu-swenġe: dat.sg. of heaðu-swenġ, masc., ‘battle-stroke’. 2581b. on: prep., w.dat., in. hrēoum: neut. dat.sg. of hrēoh, adj., fierce. mōde: dat.sg. of mōd, neut., mind [mood]. 2582a. wearp: pret. 3sg. of weorpan, st.3, to throw, spew (out) [warp]; w.dat. wæl-fȳre: dat.sg. of wæ l-fȳr, neut., ‘deadly fire’. 2582b. wīde: adv., ‘widely’. sprungon: pret. 3pl. of springan, st.3, to ‘spring’. 2583a. hilde-lēoman: wk. masc. nom.pl., ‘battle-light’, flames. 2583b. Hrēð-sigora: gen.pl. of hrēð-sigor, masc. / neut., ‘glory-victory’. ġealp: pret. 3sg. of ġylpan, st.3, to boast (of), rejoice (in); w.gen. 2584a. gold-wine: masc. nom.sg., ‘gold-friend’, generous lord. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. 2584b. gūð-bill: neut. nom.sg., ‘war-sword’. ġeswāc: pret. 3sg. of ġeswīcan, st.1, to fail; cf. 2577b. 2585a. nacod: adj., neut. nom.sg., unsheathed. nīðe: dat.sg. of nīð, masc., war. 2585b. swā: conj., as. hyt: ‘it’: neut. nom. nō: adv., never. sċeolde: ‘should’, was to: pret. 3sg. 2586a. īren: neut. nom.sg., ‘iron’, sword. ǣr-gōd: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘ere(= very)-good’. 2586b. þæt: ‘that’: neut. nom. ēðe: masc. nom.sg. of ēaðe, adj., ‘easy’. sīð: masc. nom.sg., journey. 2587a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. se: the. mǣra: wk. masc. nom.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous. 2587b. maga: wk. masc. nom.sg., son. Eċġðēowes: gen. 2588a. grund-wong: masc. acc.sg., ‘ground-plain’, earth. þone: the: acc.; postpositioned. 2588b. of-ġyfan: st.5, to ‘give up’. wolde: wanted: pret. 3sg. 2589a. sċeolde: ‘should’, had to: pret. 3sg. [ofer]: prep., w.acc., against; no gap in MS; supplied by Rieger. willan: acc.sg. of willa, wk. masc., ‘will’. 2589b. wīċ: neut. acc.sg., dwelling-place. eardian: wk.2, to dwell.

215

187v

elles hwerġen, swā |sċeal ǣġhwylċ mon

2591

ālǣtan lǣn-dagas. Næs ðā long tō ðon,

仮の宿りを去らざるを。 これから長くはなかった、

þæt ðā āglǣċean hȳ eft ġemētton.

獰猛な者たちが 再び相見えたのは。

Hyrte hyne hord-weard, hreðer ǣðme wēoll,

宝庫の番人は勇気を出し、 胸は呼吸で脹らんだ、

nīwan stefne; nearo ðrōwode

新たに； 苦しみを味わった

2595

2600

fȳre befongen sē ðe ǣr folce wēold.

2590

2595

どこかよそに、 誰もが、得なくなるように

火に巻かれ 民を治めてきた人は。

Nealles him on hēape h[a]nd-ġesteallan,

決して一隊となって 手助けになる仲間は、

æðelinga bearn ymbe ġestōdon

貴族の息子らは、 彼のそばに踏み留まらず

hilde-cystum, ac hȳ on holt bugon

戦の勇気をもって、 彼らは森へ逃げ込んだ、

ealdre burgan. Hiora in ānum wēoll

命を大事にして。 彼らの一人の心は波立った

sefa wið sorgum; sibb’ ǣfre ne mæġ

2600

wiht onwendan þām ðe wēl þenċeð.

悲しみで； 血縁の絆を、させ得ないのだ 何ものも無視することなど 正しい性根の人には。

2590a. elles: adv., ‘else’. hwerġen: adv., somewhere. 2590b. swā: conj., just as. sċeal: ‘shall’, ought to: pres. 3sg. ǣġhwylċ: adj., masc. nom.sg., each, every. mon: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. 2591a. ā-lǣtan: st.7, to leave, abandon. lǣn-dagas: masc. pl. acc., ‘loaned-days’, transitory days. 2591b. Næs: ‘was not’: pret. 3sg. ðā: adv., then. long: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘long’. tō ðon, þæt: until. 2592a. ðā: the, those, i.e. Dragon and Beowulf: nom.pl. āglǣċean: nom.pl. of āg-lǣ ċa, wk. masc., opponent, monster. 2592b. hȳ: them: acc.pl.; refl. eft: adv., again. ġemētton: pret. 3pl. of ġemētan, wk.1, to ‘meet’. 2593a. Hyrte: pret. 3sg. of hyrtan, wk.1, to hearten, encourage. hyne: ‘him’: acc.; refl. hord-weard: masc. nom.sg., ‘hoard-guardian’ [ward]. 2593b. hreðer: neut. nom.sg., breast, heart. ǣðme: instr.-dat.sg. of ǣ ðm, masc., breath, breathing. wēoll: pret. 3sg. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’ (up). 2594a. nīwan: masc. dat.sg. of nīwe, adj., ‘new’. stefne: dat.sg. stefn, masc., time; nīwan stefne, ‘anew, again’. 2594b. nearo: neut. acc. sg., distress; cf. nearo ‘narrow’. ðrōwode: pret. 3sg. of þrōwian, wk.2, to suffer. 2595a. fȳre: dat.sg. of fȳr, neut., ‘fire’. befongen: pp. of be-fōn, st.7, to encompass, envelop. 2595b. sē ðe: rel. pron, he who. ǣr: adv., before; forms the pluperfect with pret. folce: dat.sg. of folc, neut., ‘folk’, people. wēold: pret. 3sg. of wealdan, st.7, to control, rule; w.dat. 2596a. Nealles: adv., not at all. him: ‘him’: dat.: refers to Beowulf. on: prep., in. hēape: dat.sg. of hēap, masc., troop [heap]. 2596b. h[a]nd-ġesteallan: nom.pl. of hand-ġestealla, wk. masc., ‘hand(= near)-companion’; MS heand; emended by Kemble. 2597a. æðelinga: gen.pl. of æ þeling, masc., prince. bearn: neut. / masc. nom.pl., son. 2597b. ymbe: prep., w.dat., near; modifies him above. ġestōdon: pret. 3pl. of ġestandan, st.6, to stand, withstand. 2598a. hilde-cystum: dat.pl. of hilde-cyst, fem., ‘war-virtue’, valour. 2598b. ac: conj., (not…) but. hȳ: they: nom. on: prep., w.acc., into. holt: neut. acc.sg., wood [holt]. bugon: pret. 3pl. of būgan, st.2, to flee. 2599a. ealdre: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. burgan: pret. 3pl. of beorgan, st.3, to protect; w.dat. 2599b. Hiora: ‘their’. ānum: masc. dat.sg. of ān, one; Hiora ānum, i.e. Wiglaf. wēoll: pret. 3sg. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’, rage. 2600a. sefa: wk. masc. nom.sg., mind, heart. wið: prep., w.dat., ‘with’. sorgum: dat.pl. of sorh, fem., ‘sorrow’. 2600b. sibb’: = sibbe: acc.sg. of sib(b), fem., kinship, bond. ǣfre ne: adv., never. mæġ: ‘may’, can: pres. 3sg. 2601a. wiht: nom.sg., a ‘whit’, anything; subject; with negative. on-wendan: wk.1, to turn aside. 2601b. þām ðe: rel. pron., for him who; agrees with ānum. wēl: adv., ‘well’, rightly. þenċeð: pres. 3sg. of þenċan, wk.1, to ‘think’; for this half-line see 289b.

216

XXXVI・

XXXVI

WĪĠlāf wæs hāten, Wēoxstānes sunu,

2605

2610

188r

 ウィーラーフと呼ばれた、  ウェーオホスターンの息子は、

lēoflīċ lind-wiga, lēod Sċylfinga,

優れた楯の戦士は、 シュルヴィンガスの人で、

mǣġ Ælfheres. Ġeseah his mon-dryhten

アルフヘレの縁者だった； 彼は見た彼の主君が

under here-grīman hāt þrōwian.

2605

戦の兜を被って 火熱に悩まされているのを。

Ġemunde ðā ðā āre þē hē him ǣr forġeaf,

その時恩賞を思い出した 以前賜った、

wīċ-stede weliġne Wǣġmundinga,

豊かな宅地を ワイムンディンガスの、

folc-rihta ġehwylċ, swā his fæder āhte;

全ての入会権を、 彼の父が保有していたような；

ne mihte ðā forhabban, hond rond ġefēng,

その時我慢できずに 手は楯を掴み、

ġeolwe linde, gomel-swyrd ġetēah;

2610

黄色のしなの木の板を、 古刀を引き抜いた；

þæt wæs mid eldum Ēanmundes lāf,

それは人々の間で エーアンムンドの遺品だった、

|suna Ōhtere[s]; þām æt sæċċe wearð,

オーホトヘレの息子の； 戦闘でその者 (E) の、

wræċċa[n] wine-lēasum Wēohstān bana

友なき亡命者の、  ウェーオホスターンは殺害者になった

2602a. WĪĠlāf: masc. nom.sg., a Wægmunding, kinsman of Beowulf; literally ‘war-remainder’, survivor. hāten: masc. nom.sg., pp. of hātan, st.7, to call. 2602b. Wēoxstānes: gen. of Wēohstān, masc.; literally ‘war-stone’. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’. 2603a. lēoflīċ: adj., admirable. lind-wiga: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘shield-warrior’. 2603b. lēod: masc. nom.sg., man, member of a tribe. Sċylfinga: gen. of Sċylfingas, masc. pl., Swedish dynasty. 2604a. mǣġ : masc. nom.sg., kinsman. Ælfheres: gen. of Ælfhere, masc., kinsman of Wiglaf; literally ‘elf-army’. 2604b. Ġeseah: pret. 3sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’; w.acc. & inf. mon-dryhten: masc. acc.sg., ‘men-lord’. 2605a. here-grīman: dat. sg. of here-grīma, wk. masc., ‘war-mask’, helmet. 2605b. hāt: neut. acc.sg., heat [cf. hot]. þrōwian: wk.2, to suffer. 2606a. Ġemunde: pret. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember. ðā: adv., then. ðā: the: fem. acc.sg. āre: acc.sg. of ār, fem., gift. 2606b. þē: rel. particle, which, that. ǣr: adv., before. forġeaf: pret. 3sg. of for-ġifan, st.5, to give, grant. 2607a. wīċ-stede: masc. acc.sg., ‘home-place’. weliġne: masc. acc.sg. of weliġ, adj., wealthy. 2607b. Wǣġmundinga: gen. of Wǣ ġmundingas, masc. pl., the tribe to which Beowulf and Wiglaf belong. 2608a. folcrihta: gen.pl. of folc-riht, neut., ‘folk-right’. ġehwylċ: pron. neut. acc.sg., each, every; w.gen.pl. 2608b. swā: conj., just as. fæder: masc. nom.sg., ‘father’. āhte: pret. 3sg. of āgan, pret.-pres., to ‘own’, possess. 2609a. mihte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. ðā: adv., then. for-habban: wk.3, to hold back, forbear. 2609b. hond: fem. nom.sg., ‘hand’. rond: masc. acc.sg., shield. ġefēng: pret. 3sg. of ġefōn, st.7, to take, grasp. 2610a. ġeolwe: fem. acc.sg. of ġeolo, adj., ‘yellow’. linde: acc.sg. of lind, fem., shield. 2610b. gomel-swyrd: neut. acc.sg., ‘old-sword’. ġetēah: pret. 3sg. of ġetēon, st.2, to draw. 2611a. þæt: ‘that’: neut. nom.sg. demon. pron. wæs:‘was’; supplies cūþ ‘known’. mid: prep., w.dat., among. eldum: dat. of ylde, masc. pl., ‘men’. 2611b. Ēanmundes: gen.sg. of Ēanmund, son of Ohthere. lāf: fem. nom.sg., legacy, heirloom. 2612a. suna: gen.sg. of sunu, masc., ‘son’. Ōhtere[s]: gen.sg. of Ōht(h)ere, masc., son of the Swedish king Ongentheow; MS ohtere; emended by Kemble for need of gen. 2612b. þām: to him: poss. dat. sæċċe: dat.sg. of sæ ċ(ċ), fem., battle, fight. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 2613a. wræċċa[n]: dat.sg. of wreċċa, wk. masc., exile [wretch]; MS w....., A wræ cca: emended by Ettmüller for need of poss. dat. wine-lēasum: masc. dat.sg. of wine-lēas, adj., ‘friend-less’. 2613b. Wēohstā[n]: masc. nom., father of Wiglaf; MS weohstanes; emended by Grundtvig for need of nom. bana: wk. masc. nom.sg., killer, slayer.

217

剣の刃で、 そして彼の親戚 (Onela) らに運んだ

mēċes eċġum, ond his māgum ætbær 2615

2620

2625

brūn-fāgne helm, hringde byrnan,

2615

輝く兜を、 鎖帷子を、

eald-sweord etonisċ; þæt him Onela forġeaf,

巨人の作なる古刀を； オネラは彼 (W) に与えた、

his gædelinges gūð-ġewǣdu,

その縁者 (E) の 戦衣を、

fyrd-searo fūslīċ; nō ymbe ðā fǣhðe spræc,

いつでも着れる鎧を； この争いに触れなかった、

þēah ðe hē his brōðor bearn ābredwade.

彼 (W) が彼 (On) の兄弟 (Oht) の息子 (E) を 殺したのに。

Hē frætwe ġehēold fela missēra,

2620

彼 (W) は飾り物を保管していた 長年、

bill ond byrnan, oð ðæt his byre mihte

刀と鎧を、 彼の息子 (Wiglaf) が、できるまで、

eorl-sċipe efnan swā his ǣr-fæder;

武勇を行なうことが、 彼の老いた父のように；

ġeaf him ðā mid Ġēatum gūð-ġewǣda,

それからイェーアタスにいる子に残した 戦衣を、

ǣġhwæs unrīm, þā hē of ealdre ġewāt,

無数のものを、 彼が命から離れて行くとき、

frōd on forð-weġ. Þā wæs forma sīð

2625

老いて旅立つとき。 その時が始めてだった

ġeongan cempan, þæt hē gūðe rǣs

若い武士にとっては、 彼が激しい闘いを

mid his frēo-dryhtne fremman sċeolde.

彼の愛する主君と共に 行なうことになったのは。

2614a. mēċes: gen.sg. of mēċe, masc., sword. eċġum: dat.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’. 26145b. māgum: dat.pl. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman. ætbær: pret. 3sg. of æ t-beran, st.4, to carry. 2615a. brūn-fāgne: masc. acc.sg. of brūn-fāg, adj., bright-coloured [brown]. helm: masc. acc.sg., ‘helmet’. 2615b. hringde: fem. acc.sg. of hringed, adj., (pp.), formed of rings. byrnan: acc.sg. of byrne, wk. fem., coat of mail. 2616a. eald-sweord: neut. acc.sg., ‘old sword’. etonisċ: neut. acc.sg. of eotenisċ, adj., made by a giant. 2616b. þæt: ‘that’, i.e. eald-sweord: neut. acc.sg. him: ‘him’, i.e. Weohstan. Onela: wk. masc. nom., Swedish king, son of Ongentheow. forġeaf: pret. 3sg. of for-ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’. 2617a. gædelinges: gen.sg. of gæ deling, masc., kinsman, i.e. Eanmund [cf. together]. 2617b. gūð-ġewǣdu: acc.pl. of gūð-ġewǣ de, neut., ‘war-gear’. 2618a. fyrd-searo: neut. acc.sg. ‘battle-gear’. fūslīċ: adj., neut. acc.sg., ready. 2618b. ymbe: prep., w.acc., concerning. ðā: the: fem. acc.sg. fǣhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’; see Com. spræc: pret. 3sg. of sprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’. 2619a. þēah ðe: conj., ‘though’; with subj. brōðor: masc. gen. sg., ‘brother’. bearn: neut. / masc. acc.sg., son. 2619b. ābredwade: pret. subj. 3sg. of ā-bredwian, wk.2, to strike down. 2620a. frætwe: fem. acc.pl., decorated armour or weapons. ġehēold: pret. 3sg. of ġehealdan, st.7, to keep. 2620b. fela: adj., adverbial acc., many; w.gen. missēra: gen.pl. of missēre, neut., half-year. 2621a. bill: neut. acc. sg., sword. byrnan: acc.sg. of byrne; see 2615b. 2621b. oð ðæt: conj., until. byre: masc. nom.sg., son. mihte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 2622a. eorl-sċipe: masc. acc.sg., heroic deed. efnan: wk.1, to perform. 2622b. swā: conj., just as. ǣr-fæder: masc. nom.sg., ‘ere (= old)-father’. 2623a. ġeaf: pret. 3sg. of ġifan, st.5, to give. him: ‘him’, i.e. his byre: dat. ðā: adv., then. mid: prep., among. Ġēatum: dat. of Ġēatas. 2623b. gūð-ġewǣda: = -u: acc.pl. of gūð-ġewǣ de; cf. 2617b. 2624a. ǣġhwæs: gen.sg. of ǣ ġhwæ t, neut. pron., everything. unrīm: neut. acc. sg., countless number of; w.gen. 2624b. þā: conj., when. of: prep., from. ealdre: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart. 2625a. frōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., old. on forð-weġ: away. 2625b. Þā: adv., then. forma sīð: the first time: masc. nom.sg. 2626a. ġeongan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of ġeong, adj., ‘young’. cempan: dat.sg. of cempa, wk. masc., warrior. 2626b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. gūðe: gen.sg. of gūð, fem., battle. rǣs: masc. acc.sg., attack. 2627a. mid: prep., with. frēo-dryhtne: dat.sg. of frēo-drihten, masc., ‘noble lord’. 2627b. fremman: wk.1, to perform. sċeolde: ‘should’, was to: pret. 3sg.

218

2630

Ne ġemealt him se mōd-sefa, nē his mǣġ[es] lāf

彼の勇気が萎えることもなく、 父の遺品も

ġewāc æt wīġe; þ[æt] se wyrm onfand,

闘いで弱まらなかった； 龍はそれに気づいた、

syððan hīe tōgædre ġegān hæfdon.

2630

Wīġlāf maðelode, word-rihta fela

 ウィーラーフは述べた 多くの教訓を、

sæġde ġesīðum ― him wæs sefa ġeōmor: 188v

彼の仲間達に言った ― 彼の心は悲しかった：

“Iċ ðæt |mǣl ġeman, þǣr wē medu þēgun,

『我は覚えている 我らが蜜酒を飲んだ時を、

þonne wē ġehēton ūssum hlāforde 2635

2640

彼ら (W & D) が相対したとき。

その時我らは約束した 我らの主君に

in bīor-sele, ðē ūs ðās bēagas ġeaf,

2635

麦酒の広間で、 我らにこの指輪を賜った方に、

þæt wē him ðā gūð-ġetāwa ġyldan woldon,

我らは彼に戦の装備の 返礼をしますと、

ġif him þyslīcu þearf ġelumpe,

もし彼にそのような 必要が生じた場合には、

helmas ond heard sweord. Ðē hē ūsiċ on herġe ġeċēas

兜と丈夫な剣の。 殿が我らを軍勢から選ばれ 

tō ðyssum sīð-fate sylfes willum;

この冒険に 自らの意思で、

onmunde ūsiċ mǣrða, ond mē þās māðmas ġeaf,

2640

我らが武勲を期待され、  そして我にあの宝を賜ったのは、

2628a. ġemealt: pret. 3sg. of ġemeltan, st.3, to ‘melt’. se: the: masc. nom.sg. mōd-sefa: wk. masc., ‘mind-spirit’. 2628b. nē: conj., nor. mǣġ[es]: gen.sg. of, mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman; MS mæ ġenes; emended by Ettmüller. lāf: fem. nom.sg., heirloom. 2629a. ġewāc: pret. 3sg. of ġewīcan, st.1, to fail. wīġe: dat.sg. of wīġ, neut. / masc., battle. 2629b. þ[æt]: ‘that’, it: neut. acc.sg.; MS þa; emended by Thorpe. se: see 2628a. wyrm: masc. nom.sg., dragon. onfand: pret. 3sg. of on-findan, st.3, to ‘find out’. 2630a. syððan: conj., when. hīe: they. tōgædre: adv., together. 2630b. ġegān: pp. of gān, anom., to ‘go’ hæfdon: ‘had’: pret. 3pl., aux. 2631a. maðelode: pret. 3sg of maþelian, wk.2, to speak. 2631b. word-rihta: gen.pl. of word-riht, neut., ‘right-word’. fela: neut. acc, many; w.gen.pl. 2632a. sæġde: pret. 3sg. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’. ġesīðum: dat.pl. of ġesīð, masc., retainer. 2632b. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. sefa: wk. masc. nom.sg., mind. ġeōmor: adj., masc. nom.sg., sad. 2633a. ðæt: ‘that’: neut. acc.sg. mǣl: neut. acc.sg., time. ġeman: pres. 1sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember; see Com. 2633b. þǣr: rel. adv., when. medu: masc. acc.sg., ‘mead’. þēgun = þēgon: pret. 1pl. of þiċġan, st.5, to drink. 2634a. þonne: conj., when. ġehēton: pret. 1pl. of ġehātan, st7, to promise. 2634b. ūssum: masc. dat.sg. of ūre, ‘our’. hlāforde: dat.sg. of hlāford, masc., ‘lord’. 2635a. bīor-sele: masc. dat.sg., ‘beer-hall’. 2635b. ðē: rel. particle., who, that. ūs: ‘us’: dat. ðās: ‘those, the’: masc. acc.pl. bēagas: acc.pl. of bēag, masc., ring. ġeaf: pret. 3sg. of ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’. 2636a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ðā: the, those: acc.pl. gūð-ġetāwa: fem. acc.pl., ‘war-gear’. 2636b. ġyldan: st.3, to repay. woldon: ‘would’: pret. subj. 1pl. 2637a. ġif: conj., ‘if ’. þyslīcu: fem. nom.sg. of þyslīċ, adj., such. 2637b. þearf: fem. nom.sg., need. ġelumpe: pret. subj. 3sg. of ġelimpan, st.3, to happen. 2638a. helmas: acc.pl. of helm, masc., ‘helmet’. heard: adj., neut. acc.pl., ‘hard’. sweord: neut. acc.pl., ‘sword’; this half-line is appositive to ðā gūðġetāwa. 2638b. Ðē (adv.) (...þē): correl., for this reason (...because). ūsiċ (non-syncopated Anglian form of ūs ‘us’): acc. herġe: dat.sg. of here, masc., army [G. Heer]. ġeċēas: pret. 3sg. of ġeċēosan, st.2, to ‘choose’. 2639a. tō: prep., ‘to’, for. ðyssum: ‘this: masc. dat.sg. sīð-fate: dat.sg. of sīð-fæ t, masc., expedition. 2639b. sylfes: ‘of self ’: masc. gen.sg. of self, sylf, refl. pron., his own self. willum: dat.pl. of willa, wk. masc., ‘will’. 2640a. onmunde: pret. 3sg. of onmunan, pret.-pres., to consider worthy of; w.acc. of person & gen. of thing. ūsic: ‘us’: acc.; also 2638b. mǣrða: gen.pl. of mǣ rðo, fem., fame. 2640b. mē: ‘me’: dat. þās: ‘those’: masc. acc.pl. māðmas: acc.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. ġeaf: pret. 3sg. of ġifan, st. 5, to ‘give’.

219

2645

2650

þē hē ūsiċ gār-wīġend gōde tealde,

殿が我らを立派な 戦士と見做されたからである、

hwate helm-berend,― þēah ðe hlāford ūs

勇敢な兜の担い手と。 もっとも我らの主君は

þis ellen-weorc āna āðōhte

この勇気のいる行動を 一人で、意図されたが

tō ġefremmanne, folces hyrde,

行なうことを、 民の守護者は、

forðām hē manna mǣst mǣrða ġefremede,

2645

これも殿が人々の中で最高の 武勇を行なったからである、

dǣda dollīċra. Nū is sē dæġ cumen

最も大胆な行為を。 今やその日が来たのだ、

þæt ūre man-dryhten mæġenes behōfað,

我らの主君が 助力を必要とされる日が、

gōdra gūð-rinca; wutun gongan tō,

立派な武士達の； さあ向こうに行き、

helpan hild-fruman, þenden hyt s[ī-e],

武将をお助けしよう、 火熱がある限り、

glēd-eġesa grim! God wāt on meċ

2650

激しい炎の恐怖が！ 神は我を御存知である、

þæt mē is miċle lēofre, þæt mīnne līċ-haman

我にはずっと好ましい、 己の体を

mid mīnne gold-ġyfan glēd fæðmie.

我が黄金の贈り主と共に 炎に包む方が。

Ne þynċeð mē ġerysne, þæt wē rondas beren

我には相応しくは思えない、 我らが楯を運ぶことなど

2641a. þē: conj., because. ūsiċ: acc.pl. of wē, ‘we’; see 2638b. gār-wīġend: masc. acc.pl., ‘spear-fighters’, warriors. 2641b. gōde: masc. acc.pl. of gōd, adj., ‘good’, brave. tealde: pret. 3sg. of tellan, wk.1, consider [tell]. 2642a. hwate: masc. acc.pl. of hwæ t, adj., valiant. helm-berend: masc. acc.pl., helmet-bearers, warriors. 2642b. þēah ðe: conj., ‘though’; with subj. hlāford: masc. nom.sg., ‘lord’. ūs: ‘us’: poss. dat. 2643a. þis: ‘this’: neut. acc. sg. ellen-weorc: neut. acc.sg., ‘valour-work’, courageous deed. 2643b. āna: alone: wk. masc. nom.sg. of ān, ‘one’. āðōhte: pret. 3sg. of ā-ðenċan, wk.1, to ‘think out’, intend. 2644a. ġefremmanne: ger. of ġefremman, wk.1, to do, perform. 2644b. folces: gen.sg. of folc, neut., ‘folk’, people. hyrde: masc. nom.sg., guardian [herd]. 2645a. forðām: conj., because. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. mǣst: greatest, supl. of miċel, adj., ‘much’. 2645b. mǣrða: gen.pl. of mǣ rðo, fem., fame, glory; see 2640a. ġefremede: pret. 3sg. of ġefremman; see 2644a. 2646a. dǣda: gen.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’. dollīċra: fem. gen.pl. of dollīċ, adj., foolhardy, audacious. 2646b. sē: the, that. dæġ: masc. nom.sg., ‘day’. cumen: pp. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 2647a. þæt: rel. adv., when. ūre: poss. adj., ‘our’.

man-dryhten: masc. nom.sg. ‘men-lord’.

2647b.

mæġenes: gen.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., strength.

behōfað: pres. 3sg. of be-hōfian, wk.2, to have need of [behoove]; w.gen. 2648a. gōdra: masc. gen.pl. of gōd; see 2641b. gūð-rinca: gen.pl. of gūð-rinc, masc., ‘war-man’; modifies mæ ġenes. 2648b. wutun:= let us; w. inf. gongan: st.7, to ‘go’. tō: adv., thereto. 2649a. helpan: st.3, to ‘help’; w.gen. / dat. hild-fruman: gen. / dat.sg. of hild-fruma, wk. masc., ‘war-chief ’. 2649b. þenden: conj., as long as. hyt = hitt: fem. nom.sg. heat [G. Hitze]. s[ī-e]: subj. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’; MS sy; expanded by Wrenn for need of two syllables. 2650a. glēd-eġesa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘fire-terror’. grim: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘grim’. 2650b. God: masc. nom., ‘God’. wāt: pres. 3sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know [wit]. on: prep., to, on to, into. meċ: ‘me’: acc. 2651a. þæt (...þæt): it (...that). mē: for ‘me’: dat. miċle: neut. instr.sg. of miċel, adj., ‘much’, far; adverbial. lēofre: compar. neut. nom.sg. of lēof, adj., dear. 2651b. mīnne: ‘my, mine’: masc. acc.sg. līċ-haman: acc.sg. of līċ-homa, wk. masc., ‘body-covering’, body. 2652a. mid: prep., w.acc., with. mīnne: see above. gold-ġyfan: acc.sg. of gold-ġyfa, wk. masc., ‘gold-giver’, lord. 2652b. glēd: fem. nom.sg., flame. fæðmie: pres. subj. 3sg. of fæ ðmian, wk.2, to embrace. 2653a. þynċeð: pres. 3sg. of þynċan, wk.1, impers. to seem; w.dat. (mē). ġerysne: adj., neut. nom.sg., proper. 2653b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. rondas: acc.pl. of rond, masc., shield. beren: pres. subj. 1pl. of beran, st.4, to ‘bear’.

220

2654

eft tō earde, nemne we ǣror mæġen

197r

fāne ġefyllan, |feorh ealgian

2660

再び家に、 もし我らにまず出来なければ 2655

Wedra ðēodnes. Iċ wāt ġeare

ウェデラスの王の。 我はよく承知している、

þæt nǣron eald-ġewyrht þæt hē āna sċyle

過去の武勲に相応しくないのを 殿がただ一人

Ġēata duguðe gnorn þrōwian,

イェーアタスの武士たちの中で 苦しむなど、

ġesīgan æt sæċċe; ūrum sċeal sweord ond helm,

戦に倒れるなど； 我ら両人にとって剣と兜

byrne ond b[ea]du-sċrūd bām ġemǣne.”

2660

胴鎧と鎖帷子は 共有すべきもの』

Wōd þā þurh þone wæl-rēċ, wīġ-heafolan bær

それから彼は蒸気の中を進んで 兜を運び

frēan on fultum, fēa worda cwæð:

主君に加勢するために、 言葉少なに語った：

“Lēofa Bīowulf, lǣst eall tela,

『お慕い申すベーオウルフ殿、 万事に抜かりなきよう、

swā ðū on ġeoguð-fēore ġeāra ġecwǣde, 2665

敵を倒し、 命を救うことが

þæt ðū ne ālǣte be ðē lifiġendum

殿がお若い時、 昔こう申されたように、 2665

dōm ġedrēosan; sċealt nū dǣdum rōf,

わしはさせずと、 生きている間は 栄光を朽ちさせることは； 今や功名高き殿、

2654a. eft: adv., back again. earde: dat.sg. of eard, masc., dwelling place. 2654b. nemne: conj., unless. ǣror: compar. of ǣ r, adv., before. mæġen: ‘may’, can: pres. 1pl. 2655a. fāne: masc. acc.sg. of fāh, adj., hostile (one). ġefyllan: wk.1, to kill. 2655b. feorh: neut. acc.sg., life. ealgian: wk.2, to protect. 2656a. Wedra: gen. of Wederas, the Weather-Geatas. ðēodnes: gen.sg. of þēoden, masc., lord. 2656b. wāt: pres. 1sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know. ġeare: adv., well. 2657a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the object clause of wāt. nǣron: ‘were not’. eald-ġewyrht: neut. nom.pl., ‘deserts for past deeds’; subject. 2657b. þæt: ‘that’; introduces the complement clause of nǣ ron. āna: alone; see 2643b. sċyle: pres. subj. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., ‘shall’, must. 2658a. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. duguðe: partit. gen.sg. of duguð, fem., (collectively) tried warriors; modifies hē āna. 2658b. gnorn: masc. / neut. acc.sg., sorrow, grief. þrōwian: wk.2, to suffer. 2659a. ġesīgan: st.1, to fall. sæċċe: dat.sg. of sæ ċ(ċ), fem., battle, fight. 2659b. ūrum: dat. of poss. adj., ūre, ‘our’; ūrum bām for unc bām. sċeal: ‘shall’, must: pres. 3sg.; agrees with sg. subject. sweord: neut. nom.sg., ‘sword’. helm: masc. nom.sg., ‘helmet’. 2660a. byrne: wk. fem., coat of mail [byrnie]. b[ea]du-sċrūd: neut. nom.sg., ‘war-garment’ [shroud]; MS byrduscrud: emended by Ettmüller. 2660b. bām: masc. dat. of beġen, both; appositive to ūrum. ġemǣne: adj. fem., nom.sg., shared. 2661a. Wōd: pret. 3sg. of wadan, st.6, to go [wade]. þurh: prep., ‘through’. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. wæl-rēċ: masc. acc.sg., ‘deadly fumes’ [reek]. 2661b. wīġ-heafolan: acc.sg. of wīġ-heafola, wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘war-head’, helmet. bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to ‘bear’. 2662a. frēan: poss. dat.sg. of frēa, wk. masc., lord, king. on: prep., w.acc., to. fultum: masc. acc.sg., help, support. 2662b. fēa: adj., neut. acc., a ‘few’; w.gen.pl. worda: gen.pl., neut., word. cwæð: pret. 3sg. of cweðan, st.5, to speak [quoth]. 2663a. Lēofa: wk. voc. sg. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved. 2663b. lǣst: imper. sg. of lǣ stan, wk.1, to perform. eall: ‘all’: neut. acc.sg. tela: adv., well. 2664a. swā: conj., just as. ġeoguð-fēore: dat.sg. of ġeogoð-feorh, masc. / neut., period of youth. 2664b. ġeāra: gen.pl. of ġēar, neut., ‘year’; (adverbially) long ago. ġecwǣde: pret. 2sg. of ġecweðan, st.5, to speak, say. 2665a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ālǣte: pres. subj. 2sg. of ā-lǣ tan, st.7, to let. 2665b. be: prep., w.dat., during. ðē: ‘thee’: dat. lifiġendum: masc. dat.sg. of lifiġende, pres. part. of libban, wk. 3, to ‘live’; be ðē lifiġendum ‘during your life (dative absolute). 2666a. dōm: masc. acc.sg., glory. ġedrēosan: st.2, to perish. 2666b. sċealt: (thou) ‘shalt’: pres. 2sg. dǣdum: dat.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’. rōf: adj., masc. nom.sg., renowned (one).

221

æðeling ānhӯdiġ, ealle mæġene,

一意専心の貴人よ、 全力を尽くして

feorh ealgian; iċ ðē ful-lǣstu.”

お命を護りたまえ； 我もお助けいたします ! 』

Æfter ðām wordum wyrm yrre cwōm, 2670

2675

atol inwit-gǣst ōðre sīðe,

 この言葉の後で 龍は怒ってやって来た、 2670

恐ろしい悪霊は、 もう一度、

fӯr-wylmum fāh fīonda nīos[i]an

火を噴き輝いて、 敵を攻めようと

lāðra manna. Līġ ӯðum fōr,

憎き人間どもを。 炎は波となって押し寄せ、

born bord wið rond; byrne ne meahte

楯は縁まで燃えた； 胴鎧も、できなかった

ġeongum gār-wigan ġēoce ġefremman,

若き戦士に 役立つことが、

ac se maga ġeonga under his mǣġes sċyld

2675

だが若者は 血縁者の楯の下に入って

elne ġeēode, þā his āgen [wæs]

勇敢に進んだ、 彼自身のもの〔楯〕が

glēdum forgrunden. Þā ġēn gūð-cyning

炎でだめにされたとき。 その時いまだ戦の王は

m[ǣrða] ġemunde, mæġen-strenġo slōh

武功を忘れず 渾身の力を込めて打ち込んだ

hilde-bille, þæt hyt on heafolan stōd

戦刀を； そのため刀は頭部に食い込んだ

2667a. æðeling: masc. nom.sg., prince, hero. ān-hӯdiġ: adj., ‘one-minded’, resolute. 2667b. ealle: neut. instr.sg. of eal(l), adj., ‘all’. mæġene,: instr.-dat.sg. of mæ ġen, neut., strength [main]. 2668a. feorh: neut. acc.sg., life. ealgian: wk.2, to protect; inf. following sċealt. 2668b. ðē: ‘thee’: dat. ful-lǣstu: pres. 1sg. of ful-lǣ stan, wk.1, to help; w. dat. 2669a. Æfter: prep., ‘after’. ðām: those: dat.pl. wordum: dat.pl. of word, neut., ‘word’. 2669b. wyrm: masc. nom.sg., dragon [worm]. yrre: adj., masc. nom.sg., angry. cwōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 2670a. atol: adj., masc. nom.sg., horrible. inwit-gǣst: masc., malicious spirit [ghost]; see Com. 2670b. ōðre: masc. instr.-dat.sg. of ōðer, adj., another, second. sīðe: instr.-dat.sg. of sīð, masc., time. 2671a. fӯr-wylmum: instr.-dat.pl. of fȳr-wylm, masc., ‘fire-welling (= surge)’. fāh: adj., masc. nom.sg., glowing. 2671b. fīonda: gen.pl. of fēond, masc., enemy [fiend]. nīos[i]an: wk.1,2, to seek out, attack; w.gen.; B niosnan.; emended by Grein. 2672a. lāðra: masc. gen.pl. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’, hostile. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 2672b. Līġ: masc. nom.sg., flame; see Com. ӯðum: dat.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. fōr: pret.3 sg. of st.6, faran, to ‘fare’. 2673a. born: pret. 3sg. of byrnan, st.3, to ‘burn’ up (intransitive). bord: neut. nom.sg., shield [board]. wið: prep., w.acc., as far as, up to. rond: masc. acc.sg., (metal) rim (of a shield). 2673b. byrne: wk. fem. nom.sg., coat of mail [byrnie]. meahte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 2674a. ġeongum: masc. dat.sg. of ġeong, adj., ‘young’. gār-wigan: dat.sg. of gār-wiga, wk. masc., ‘spear-fighter’, warrior. 2674b. ġēoce: acc.sg. of ġēoc, fem., help. ġefremman: wk.1, to do. 2675a. ac: conj., but. se: the. maga: wk. masc nom.sg., (young) man. ġeonga: wk. masc. nom.sg. of ġeong, adj., ‘young’. 2675b. under: prep., w.acc., ‘under’. mǣġes: gen.sg. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman. sċyld: masc. acc.sg., ‘shield’. 2676a. elne: dat.sg. of ellen, neut., courage; adverbial dat., courageously. ġeēode: pret. 3sg. of ġegān, anom., to ‘go’. 2676b. þā: conj., when. his āgen: ‘his own’ (shield). [wæs]: MS lost in margin; restored by Grundtvig. 2677a. glēdum: dat. pl. of glēd, fem., flame. forgrunden: pp. of for-grindan, st.3, to destroy. 2677b. Þa: adv., then. ġēn: adv., still. gūð-cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘war-king’. 2678a. m[ǣrða]: acc.pl. of mǣ rðo, fem., fame, glorious deed; MS m....; restored by Grundtvig. ġemunde: pret. 3sg. of ġemunan, pret.-pres., to remember. 2678b. mæġen-strenġo: wk. fem. dat.sg., great strength. slōh: pret. 3sg. of slēan, st.6, to strike [slay]. 2679a. hilde-bille: dat.sg. of hilde-bil, neut., ‘battle-sword’. 2679b. þæt: conj., so that. hyt: ‘it’, i.e. hilde-bille: nom. on: prep., in. heafolan: dat.sg. of hafela, wk. masc., head. stōd: ‘stood’: pret. 3sg.

222

2680

197v

2685

nīþe ġenӯded; Næġling forbærst,

2680

ġeswāc æt sæċċe sweord Bīowulfes

戦で裏切った ベーオウルフの剣は、

|gomol ond grǣġ-mǣl. Him þæt ġifeðe ne wæs,

由緒ある煌めく。 彼には運命の定めがなかった、

þæt him īrenna eċġe mihton

彼に鉄剣の 刃が役に立ちうるという

helpan æt hilde; wæs sīo hond tō strong,

戦で； 彼の手は強すぎて

sē ðe mēċa ġehwane, mīne ġefrǣġe,

2685

いずれの刀にも、 私の聞いたところでは、

swenġe ofersōhte, þonne hē tō sæċċe bær

無理な打撃を強いたと、 彼が戦に帯びて行ったとき、

wǣpen wundum heard; næs him wihte ðē sēl.

傷の血で鍛えた武器を； 事態は良くはならなかった。  すると人間の敵は 3 度目の、

Þā wæs þēod-sċeaða þriddan sīðe, frēċne fӯr-draca fǣhða ġemyndiġ, 2690

敵意にかられて； ナイリングは飛び散った、

rǣsde on ðone rōfan, þā him rūm āġeald,

向こう見ずな火龍は 争いを忘れずに、 2690

英雄めがけて襲ってきて、 機会に恵まれたとき、

hāt ond heaðo-grim, heals ealne ymbefēng

熱く激したものは、 首の周りに噛みついた

biteran bānum; hē ġeblōdeġod wearð

鋭い歯で； 彼 (B) は血まみれになった

sāwul-drīore; swāt ӯðum wēoll.

命の血で； 血が波打って溢れ出てきた。

2680a. nīþe: masc. dat.sg., malice. ġenӯded: pp. of ġenȳdan, wk.1, to compel. 2680b. Næġling: masc. nom., Beowulf ’s sword. forbærst: pret. 3sg. of for-berstan, st.3, to ‘burst’ asunder. 2681a. ġeswāc: pret. 3sg. of ġeswīcan, st.1, to fail. æt sæċċe: see 2659a, etc. 2681b. sweord: ‘sword’: nom. Bīowulfes: gen. 2682a. gomol: adj., neut. nom.sg., old. grǣġ-mǣl: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘grey’-coloured, gleaming. 2682b. þæt (...þæt): it (...that). ġifeðe: adj., neut. nom.sg., given by fate. 2683a. him: ‘him’: dat. īrenna: gen.pl. of īren, neut., ‘iron’-sword. 2683b. eċġe: nom.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’. mihton: ‘might’, could: pret. 3pl. 2684a. helpan: st.3, to ‘help’; w.dat. æt hilde: see 2575a, etc. 2684b. sīo: the. hond: fem. nom.sg., ‘hand’. tō: adv., ‘too’. strong: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘strong’. 2685a. sē ðe: rel. pron., masc. nom.sg., which, who; its formal antecedent is fem. hond, but the poet imagines it to be Beowulf. mēċa: gen.pl. of mēċe, masc., sword. ġehwane: masc. acc. sg. of ġehwā, each. 2685b. mīne ġefrǣġe: ‘as I have heard tell’; also 776b, 837b, 1955b, 2837b. ġefrǣġe : neut. instr.sg., hearsay. 2686a. swenġe: dat.sg. of swenġ, masc., blow. ofersōhte: pret. 3sg. of ofer-sēċan, wk.1, to overburden. 2686b. þonne: conj., when. sæċċe: dat.sg. of sæ ċ(ċ), fem., battle. bær: see 2661b, etc. 2687a. wǣpen: neut. acc.sg., ‘weapon’. wundum: dat.pl. of wund, fem., ‘wound’. heard: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘hard’, strong. 2687b. næs: ‘was not’. wihte: dat.sg. of wiht, fem., a ‘whit’. ðē: the: neut. instr.sg. sēl: adv. compar., better. 2688a. þēod-sċeaða: wk. masc., ‘people-scather’. 2688b. þriddan: masc. dat.sg. of þridda, ‘third’. sīðe: dat.sg. of sīð, masc., time. 2689a. frēċne: adj., masc. nom.sg., dangerous. fӯr-draca: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘fire-dragon’. 2689b. fǣhða: gen.pl. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’. ġemyndiġ: adj., mindful (of); w.gen. 2690a. rǣsde: pret. 3sg. of rǣ san, wk.1, to rush (upon). on: prep., upon. ðone: the, that: masc. acc.sg. rōfan: wk. masc. acc.sg. of rōf, adj., famous (one). 2690b. þā: conj., when. rūm: masc. nom.sg., opportunity. āġeald: pret. 3sg. of ā-ġyldan, st.3, to permit. 2691a. hāt: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘hot’. heaðo-grim: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-grim’. 2691b. heals: masc. acc.sg., neck. ealne: masc. acc.sg. of eal(l), ‘all’. ymbefēng: pret. 3sg. of ymbe-fōn, st.7, to enclose. 2692a. biteran: wk. neut. dat.pl. of biter, adj., sharp. bānum: dat.pl. of bān, neut., ‘bone’, tusk. 2692b. ġeblōdeġod: pp. of blōdeġian, wk.2, to make bloody. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to become. 2693a. sāwul-drīore: dat.sg. of sāwul-drīor, masc. / neut., ‘life-blood’. 2693b. swāt: masc. nom.sg., blood. ӯðum: dat.pl. of ȳð, fem., wave. wēoll: pret. 3sg. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’ (up). 223

XXXVII・

XXXVII

ÐĀ iċ æt þearfe [ġefræġn] þēod-cyninges 2695

2700

andlongne eorl ellen cȳðan,

その時私は聞いた、まさかの時に 民の王の、 2695

彼のそばにいた武人 (W) が 武勇を示したと、

cræft ond cēnðu, swā him ġecynde wæs.

力と大胆さを、 それが彼の本性だった。

Ne hēdde hē þæs heafolan, ac sīo hand ġebarn

彼はそ奴の頭を狙わなかった、 手は火傷を負ったので

mōdiġes mannes, þǣr hē his mǣġ[e]s healp,

勇気ある男の、 彼が己の身内の者 (B) を助けた時、

þæt hē þone nīð-gǣst nioðor hwēne slōh,

そのため悪霊の 少し下方を打った、

seċġ on searwum, þæt ðæt sweord ġedēaf

2700

武装した男は、 するとその剣は突き刺さった、

fāh ond fǣted, þæt ðæt fȳr ongon

輝く飾りある （剣は）、 そのため火勢は

sweðrian syððan. Þā ġēn sylf cyning

それから弱まり始めた。 その時いまだ王自身は

ġewēold his ġewitte, wæll-seaxe ġebrǣd

その意識を保っていて、 戦の短剣を抜いた、

2704

biter ond beadu-sċearp, þæt hē on byrnan wæg;

鋭く戦に強い （剣を）、 胴鎧に帯びていた；

189r

forwrāt Wedra |helm wyrm on middan.

2705

ウェデラスの保護者は切り裂いた 龍の真ん中を。

2694a. ÐĀ: adv., then. þearfe: dat.sg. of þearf, fem., need. [ġefræġn]: pret. 1sg. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to learn, hear of; w.acc. & inf.; no gap in MS; supplied by Kemble. 2694b. þēod-cyninges: gen.sg. of þēod-cyning, masc., ‘people’s king’. 2695a. andlongne: masc. acc.sg. of and-long, adj., at his side [along]. eorl: masc. acc.sg., nobleman [earl]. 2695b. ellen: neut. acc.sg., courage. cȳðan: wk.1, inf., to show. 2696a. cræft: masc. acc.sg., power [craft]. cēnðu: fem. acc.sg., boldness [keen, -th]. 2696b. swā: conj., just as. him: ‘him’: dat. ġecynde: adj., neut. nom.sg., natural. 2697a. Ne: adv., not. hēdde: pret. 3sg. of hēdan, wk.1, to ‘heed’; w.gen. þæs: the: masc. gen.sg. heafolan: gen.sg. of hafela, wk. masc., ‘head’ (of the dragon). 2697b. ac: conj., (not...) but, but here ‘for’ (M & R, p. 142). sīo: ‘the, that’: fem. hand: fem. nom.sg., ‘hand’. ġebarn: pret. 3sg. of ġebyrnan, st.3, to ‘burn’. 2698a. mōdiġes: masc. gen. sg. of mōdiġ, adj., brave. mannes: gen.sg. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. 2698b. þǣr:. conj., when. mǣġ[e]s: gen.sg. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman; MS mæ genes; emended by Kemble. healp: pret. 3sg. of helpan, st.3, to ‘help’; w.gen. 2699a. þæt: conj., so that. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. nīð-gǣst: masc. acc.sg., ‘malicious spirit’. 2699b. nioðor: adv., farther down, compar. of niþer, downward. hwēne: adv., somewhat. slōh: pret. 3sg. of slēan, st.6, to strike. 2700a. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., man. searwum: dat.pl. of searo, neut., armour. 2700b. þæt: conj., so that. ðæt: the; neut. nom.sg. sweord: neut. nom.sg., ‘sword’. ġedēaf: pret. 3sg. of ġedūfan, st.2, to pierce. 2701a. fāh: adj., neut. nom.sg., shining. fǣted: adj. (pp.), neut. nom.sg., decorated. 2701b. þæt: conj., so that. ðæt: the, that: neut. fȳr: neut. nom. sg., ‘fire’. ongon: pret. 3sg. of on-ġinnan, st.3, to ‘begin’. 2702a. sweðrian: wk.2, to subside. syððan: adv., afterwards. 2702b. Þā ġēn: adv., still then. sylf: ‘self’: masc. nom.sg. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 2703a. ġewēold: pret. 3sg. of ġewealdan, st.7, to control; w.dat. ġewitte: dat.sg. of ġewit(t), neut., senses. 2703b. wællseaxe: instr.-dat.sg. of wæ ll-seax, neut., ‘fighting-knife’ [sax]. ġebrǣd: pret. 3sg. of ġebreġdan, st.3, to draw, unsheathe; w.instr.-dat. 2704a. biter: adj., neut. acc.sg., biting. beadu-sċearp: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘battle-sharp’; modifies wæ ll-seaxe, though in acc. 2704b. þæt: rel. pron., that: neut. acc.sg.; with wæ ll-seaxe as its antecedent. byrnan: dat.sg. of byrne, wk. fem., coat of mail. wæg: pret. 3sg. of wegan, st.5, to wear. 2705a. forwrāt: pret. 3sg. of for-wrītan, st.1, to cut through. Wedra: gen. of Wederas. helm: masc. nom.sg., protector. 2705b. wyrm: masc. acc.sg., dragon. on: prep., in. middan: dat.sg. of midde, wk. fem., ‘middle’.

224

2710

2715

Fēond ġefyldan ― ferh ellen wræc ―

敵を倒した  ― 勇気が （龍の）命を追い出したのだ ―

ond hī hyne þā bēġen ābroten hæfdon,

そうして彼ら両人はそ奴を やっつけたのだった、

sib-æðelingas; swylċ sċeolde seċġ wesan,

血縁の貴人たちは； 人はかくあるべきもの

þeġn æt ðearfe! Þæt ðām þēodne wæs

近侍の武士はまさかの時に！ それは主君には

sīðas[t] siġe-hwīle sylfes dǣdum,

2710

最後の勝利だった 己の業による、

worlde ġeweorces. ― Ðā sīo wund ongon,

この世の最後の仕事だった。 ― その時傷が、

þē him se eorð-draca ǣr ġeworhte,

土龍が彼に 先に負わせたものだが、

swelan ond swellan; hē þæt sōna onfand,

火傷になって腫れ始めた； 彼にはすぐ分かった

þæt him on brēostum bealo-nīð[e] wēoll

彼の胸の中で 激しく沸き立つのが

attor on innan. Ðā se æðeling ġīong,

2715

毒が体内で。 それから貴人は歩んで行き、

þæt hē bī wealle wīs-hyċġende

ついに壁際に、 心賢い人は

ġesæt on sesse; seah on enta ġeweorc,

どっかと腰を下ろした； 彼は巨人の作を眺めた、

hū ðā stān-bogan stapulum fæste

石のアーチを 柱でしっかり支えられた、

2706a. Fēond: masc. acc.sg., ‘fiend’. ġefyldan: pret. 3pl. of ġefyllan, wk.1, to ‘fell’, kill. 2706b. ferh: acc.sg. of feorh, neut., life. ellen: neut. nom.sg., courage. wræc: pret. 3sg. of wrecan, st.5, to drive out. 2707a. hī: they. hyne: ‘him’: acc. þā: the: nom.pl. bēġen: nom.pl., both. 2707b. ābroten: pp. of ā-breotan, st.2, to kill, destroy. hæfdon: ‘had’: pret. 3pl., aux. 2708a. sib-æðelingas: nom.pl. of sib-æ ðeling, masc., ‘kin-nobleman’. 2708b. swylċ: ‘such’: masc. nom.sg. sċeolde: ‘should’, ought to: pret. subj. 3sg. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’, warrior. wesan: st.5, to be. 2709a. þeġn: masc. nom.sg., ‘thane’. ðearfe: dat.sg. of þearf, fem., need; cf. 2694a. 2709b. Þæt: it, that: nom.sg. ðām: the: masc. dat.sg. þēodne: dat.sg. of þēoden, masc., lord. 2710a. sīðas[t]: adj., supl. nom.sg., last; MS sīðas; emended by Grein. siġe-hwīle: gen.pl. of siġe-hwīl, fem., ‘victory-time’. 2710b. sylfes: his own: masc. gen.sg. of self, sylf. dǣdum: dat.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’. 2711a. worlde: gen.sg. of worold, fem., ‘world’. ġeweorces: gen.sg. of ġeweorc, neut., ‘work’. 2711b. Ðā: adv., then. sīo: the, that: fem. nom.sg. wund: fem. nom.sg., ‘wound’. ongon: pret. 3sg. of on-ġinnan, st.3, to ‘begin’. 2712a. þē: rel. particle., which, that. him: ‘him’: dat. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. eorð-draca: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘earth dragon’. 2712b. ǣr: adv., before. ġeworhte: pret. 3sg. of ġewyrċan, wk.1, to make. 2713a. swelan: st.4, inf., to burn. swellan: st.3, inf., to ‘swell’. 2713b. þæt (...þæt): it (...that). sōna: adv., at once. onfand: pret. 3sg. of on-findan, st.3, to ‘find’ out. 2714a. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. on: prep., w.dat., in. brēostum: dat.pl. of brēost, neut., ‘breast’. 2714b. bealo-nīð[e]: dat.sg. of bealo-nīð, masc., ‘baleful enmity’; (adverbially) with fierce rage; B bealo niði; emended by Schubert, De AngloSaxonum Arte Metrica (Berlin, 1870), p. 35. wēoll: pret. 3sg. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’ (up). 2715a. attor: neut. nom.sg., venom. on innan: within, inside. 2715b. Ðā: adv., then. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. æðeling: masc. nom. sg., prince, hero. ġīong: pret. 3sg. of gangan, st.7, to go. 2716a. þæt: conj., so that. bī: prep., w.dat., ‘by’, near. wealle: dat.sg. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’, cave. 2716b. wīs-hyċġende: adj. (pres. part.), ‘wise thinking’. 2717a. ġesæt: pret. 3sg. of ġesittan, st.5, to ‘sit’ down. sesse: dat.sg. of sess, masc. / neut., seat. 2717b. seah: pret. 3sg. of sēon, st.5, to ‘see’; with on. on: prep. w.acc., ‘on’. enta: gen.pl. of ent, masc., giant. ġeweorc: neut. acc.sg., ‘work’; enta ġeweorc refers to the dragon’s barrow. 2718a. hū: conj., ‘how’; introduces the clause amplifying enta ġeweorc. ðā: the, that: acc.pl. stān-bogan: acc.pl. of stān-boga, wk. masc., ‘stone arch’. 2718b. stapulum: dat.pl. of stapol, masc., pillar. fæste: masc. acc.pl. of fæ st, adj., ‘fast’, firm.

225

ēċe eorð-reċed innan healde. 2720

Hyne þā mid handa heoro-drēoriġne,

永久的な土中の広間が 中に擁しているのを。 2720

þēoden mǣrne þeġn unġemete till,

高名な王を、 限りなく立派な近侍の武士 (W) は、

wine-dryhten wætere ġelafede

彼の親しき主君を、 水で洗い清めた

hilde sædne ond his hel[m] onspēon.

戦に疲れた方を、 そして彼の兜を脱がせた。

Bīowulf maþelode ― hē ofer benne spræc, 2725

wunde wæl-blēate; wisse hē ġearwe,

 ベーオウルフは語った、 傷にもめげず述べた、 2725

189v

致命傷にも（めげず） ； 彼はよく承知していた、

þæt hē dæġ-hwīla ġedrogen hæfde,

日々を 味わい尽くしたことを、

eorðan wynn[e]; ðā wæs eall sċeacen

地上の喜びを； その時全てが過ぎ去ったことを

dōgor-ġerīmes, dēað unġemete nēah :

彼の寿命の日数の、 死が間近にあることを：

“Nū iċ suna mīnum syllan wolde 2730

その時彼 (B) を両手で 血まみれの

gūð-ġewǣdu, þǣr mē ġifeðe swā

『今わしは我が息子に 与えたく思っただろう 2730

戦衣を、 もしわしに許されていたとしたら

ǣniġ yrfe-|weard æfter wurde

世継ぎが 後に残ることを、

līċe ġelenġe. Iċ ðās lēode hēold

我が肉親の。 わしはこの国民を治めた

2719a. ēċe: adj., masc. / neut. nom.sg., perpetual. eorð-reċed: masc. / neut. nom.sg., ‘earth-hall’. 2719b. innan: adv., inside. healde: pres. subj. 3pl. of healdan, st.7, to hold, keep. 2720a. Hyne: ‘him’: acc þā: adv., then. mid: prep., w.dat., with. handa: dat.sg. of hand, hond, fem., ‘hand’. 2720b. heoro-drēoriġne: masc. acc.sg. of heorodrēoriġ, adj., sword-gory, blood-drenched. 2721a. þēoden: masc. acc.sg., lord. mǣrne: masc. acc.sg. of mǣ re, adj., great, famous. 2721b. þeġn: masc. nom.sg., ‘thane’. unġemete: adv., extremely. till: adj., masc. nom.sg., good. 2722a. wine-dryhten: masc. acc.sg., ‘friendly lord’. 2722b. wætere: instr.-dat.sg. of wæ ter, neut., ‘water’. ġelafede: pret. 3sg. of ġelafian, wk.2, to bathe, ‘lave’. 2723a. hilde: gen.sg. of hild, fem., battle. sædne: masc. acc. sg. of sæ d, adj., filled with, wearied by [sad]; w.gen. 2723b. hel[m]: masc. acc.sg., ‘helmet’; A helo.; suggested by Grimm. onspēon: pret. 3sg. of on-sponnan, st.7, to unfasten. 2724a. maþelode: pret. 3sg. of maþelian, wk.2, to speak formally. 2724b. ofer: prep., w.acc., contrary to. benne: acc.sg. of benn, fem., wound. spræc: pret. 3sg. of sprecan, st.5, to speak. 2725a. wunde: acc.sg. of wund, fem., ‘wound’. wæl-blēate: fem. acc.sg. of wæ l-blēat, adj., ‘deadly miserable’, mortal. 2725b. wisse: pret. 3sg. of witan, pret.-pres., to know. ġearwe: adv., well. 2726a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. dæġ-hwīla: acc.pl. of dæ ġ-hwīl, fem., span of ‘days’. 2726b. ġedrogen: pp. of drēogan, st.2, to experience. hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg., aux. 2727a. eorðan: gen.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the ‘earth’. wynn[e]: acc.sg. of wyn(n), fem., joy; B wyni; emended by Thorkelin. 2727b. ðā: adv., then. eall: ‘all’: neut. nom.sg. sċeacen: pp. of sċacan, st.6, to pass. 2728a. dōgor-ġerīmes: gen.sg. of dōgor-ġerīm, neut., ‘(one’s) days-number’. 2728b. dēað: masc. nom.sg., ‘death’. unġemete: adv., see 2721b. nēah: adj., masc. nom.sg., near. 2729a. Nū: adv., ‘now’. suna: dat.sg. of sunu, masc., ‘son’. mīnum: ‘my, mine’: masc. dat.sg. 2729b. syllan: wk.1, to bequeath. wolde: pret. subj. 1sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to want. 2730a. gūð-ġewǣdu: acc.pl. of gūð-ġewǣ de, neut., ‘war-gear’. 2730b. þǣr: conj., if. mē: ‘me’: dat. ġifeðe: adj., masc. nom.sg., granted by fate. swā: adv., so. 2731a. ǣniġ: ‘any’: masc. nom.sg. yrfe-weard: masc. nom.sg., ‘inheritance-guardian’, heir. 2731b. æfter: adv., ‘after’. wurde: pret. subj. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to be. 2732a. līċe: dat.sg. of līċ, neut., body. ġelenġe: adj., masc. nom.sg., belonging to; w.dat. 2732b. ðās: those; masc. acc.pl. of þēs, this. lēode: acc.pl., people. hēold: pret. 1sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, guard.

226

2735

2740

2745

fīftiġ wintra; næs sē folc-cyning,

50 年間； 国王はいなかった、

ymbesittendra ǣniġ ðāra,

四隣の中に 一人も、

þē meċ gūð-winum grētan dorste,

2735

わしを兵を率いて 敢えて攻撃し、

eġesan ðēo[wa]n. Iċ on earde bād

恐怖で悩ますような。 わしは自国で待った

mǣl-ġesċeafta, hēold mīn tela,

時が定めた運命を、 自分の分をきちんと守った、

ne sōhte searo-nīðas, nē mē swōr fela

裏切り行為を求めなかった； やたらしなかった

āða on unriht. Iċ ðæs ealles mæġ

偽りの誓いを。 わしはこうした全てに、

feorh-bennum sēoc ġefēan habban,

2740

致命傷を負った今、 喜びを持つことができる、

forðām mē wītan ne ðearf Waldend fīra

わしを非難なさる必要はない以上、 万人の神は

morðor-bealo māga, þonne mīn sċeaceð

肉親殺しの件で、 わしの命が

līf of līċe. Nū ðū lungre ġeong

体から離れて行くとき。 お主はすぐに行け

hord sċēawian under hārne stān,

宝庫を見に 灰色の岩屋の中にある、

Wīġlāf lēofa, nū se wyrm liġeð

2745

愛しいウィーラーフよ、 もはや龍は横たわり、

2733a. fīftiġ: adverbial acc., ‘fifty’; w.gen. wintra: gen.pl. of winter, masc., ‘winter’. (in pl.) years. 2733b. næs: ‘was not’: pret. 3sg. neg. of wesan, st.5. sē: the, that; masc. nom.sg. folc-cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘folk-king’. 2734a. ymbesittendra: gen.pl. of ymbe-sittend, masc. (pres. part.), ‘neighboring people’. 2734b. ǣniġ: ‘any’: masc. nom. sg. ðāra: of those; gen.pl.; modifies ymbe-sittendra. 2735a. þē: who. meċ: ‘me’: acc. gūð-winum: dat.pl. of gūðwine, masc., ‘war-friend’, army. 2735b. grētan: wk.1, to attack. dorste: pret. 3sg. of *durran, pret.-pres., ‘dare’. 2736a. eġesan: dat.sg. of eġesa, wk. masc., horror. ðēo[wa]n: st.1, to threaten; MS ðēon; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 2736b. on: prep., in, at. earde: dat.sg. of eard, masc., dwelling place, home. bād: pret. 1sg. of bīdan, st.1, to wait [bide]; w.gen. 2737a. mǣl-ġesċeafta: gen.pl. of mǣ l-ġesċeaft, fem., appointed time, destiny. 2737b. hēold: pret. 1sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, guard. mīn: mine, my own (portion): neut. acc.sg. tela: adv., well. 2738a. sōhte: pret. 1sg. of sēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’. searo-nīðas: acc.pl. of searo-nīð, masc., treacherous quarrel. 2738b. nē: adv., not. mē: ‘me’: ethical dat. swōr: pret. 1sg. of swerian, st.6, to ‘swear’. fela: neut., acc.sg., many; w.gen. 2739a. āða: gen.pl. of āð, masc., ‘oath’. unriht: neut. acc.sg., ‘un-right’, wrong; on unriht, ‘wrongfully’. 2739b. ðæs: the, that: neut. gen.sg. ealles: neut. gen.sg. of eal(l), ‘all’. mæġ: ‘may’, can: pres. 1sg. 2740a. feorh-bennum: dat.pl. of feorh-benn, fem., ‘life-wound’. sēoc: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘sick’. 2740b. ġefēan: acc.sg. of ġefēa, wk. masc., joy; w.gen. habban: wk.3, to ‘have’. 2741a. forðām: conj., because. mē: me; dat.sg. wītan: st.1, to reproach; w.dat. of person. & acc. of thing. ðearf: pres. 3sg. of þurfan, pret.-pres., to need. 2741b. Waldend: masc. nom.sg., the Lord. fīra: gen. of fīras, masc. pl., men. 2742a. morðor-bealo: neut. acc.sg., ‘murder-bale’, killing. māga: gen.pl. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman. 2742b. þonne: conj., when. mīn: ‘my, mine’: neut. nom.sg.; modifies līf. sċeaceð: pres. 3sg. of sċacan, st.6, to depart. 2743a. līf: neut. nom.sg., ‘life’. of: prep., w.dat., out of. līċe: dat.sg. of līċ, neut., body. 2743b. Nū: adv., ‘now’. ðū: ‘thou’: nom. lungre: adv., quickly. ġeong: imper. sg. of gangan, st.7, to go; w. inf. 2744a. hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘hoard’. sċēawian: wk.2, inf., to look at. 2744b. under: prep., w.acc., to the inside of. hārne: masc. acc.sg. of hār, adj., hoary. stān: masc. acc.sg., rock [stone]. 2745a. Wīġlāf: masc. voc. sg., a Wægmunding, kinsman of Beowulf. lēofa: wk. masc. voc.sg. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved. 2745b. nū: conj., now that; correl. with nū (2743b). se: the. wyrm: masc. nom.sg., dragon. liġeð: pres. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’ dead.

227

2750

swefeð sāre wund, since berēafod.

深手を負って眠っている、 宝を守れずに。

Bīo nū on ofoste, þæt iċ ǣr-welan,

さあ急ぐがよい、 わしが古の富を、

gold-ǣht onġite, ġearo sċēawiġe

黄金の財産を認め、 よく見られるように、

sweġle searo-ġimmas, þæt iċ ðӯ sēft mæġe

輝く貴い宝石を、 わしがそれだけ安らけく

æfter māððum-welan mīn ālǣtan

2750

līf ond lēod-sċipe, þone iċ longe hēold.”

財宝のお蔭で 旅立てるように わしの命と国民から わしが長年統治してきた。

2746a. swefeð: pres. 3sg. of swefan, st.5, to sleep (in death). sāre: adv., ‘sorely’, painfully. wund: adj., masc. nom. sg., ‘wounded’. 2746b. since: dat.sg. of sinc, neut., treasure. berēafod: pp. of be-rēafian, wk.2, to deprive of, ‘bereave’; w.dat. 2747a. Bīo: imper. sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. ofoste: dat.sg. of ofost, fem., haste. 2747b. þæt: conj., so that; with subj. ǣr-welan: acc.sg. of ǣ r-wela, wk. masc., ‘ere (= ancient)-wealth’. 2748a. gold-ǣht: fem. acc.sg., ‘gold-property’. onġite: pres. subj. 1sg. of onġitan, onġytan, st.5, to perceive, see. 2748b. ġearo: adv., well, clearly. sċēawiġe: pres. subj. 1sg. of sċēawian, wk.2, to look at, behold. 2749a. sweġle: masc. acc.pl. of sweġl, adj., bright, brilliant. searo-ġimmas: acc.pl. of searo-ġimm, masc., precious ‘gem’. 2749b. þæt: conj., see 2747b. ðȳ: the: neut. instr.sg.; with compar. sēft: compar. of sōfte, adv., ‘softly’, agreeably. mæġe: pres. subj. 1sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can, ‘may’. 2750a. æfter: prep., w.dat., as a result of. māððum-welan: dat.sg. of māððum-wela, masc., ‘treasure-wealth’. 2750b. mīn: my; neut. acc.sg.; modifies līf ond lēod-sċipe. ā-lǣtan: st.7, to leave, abandon. 2751a. līf: neut. acc.sg., ‘life’. lēod-sċipe: masc. acc.sg., ‘nation-ship’, country. 2751b. þone: rel. pron., that, which. longe: adv., ‘long’. hēold: pret. 1sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, rule.

228

XXXVIII

XXXVIII・

2755

190r

2760

ÐĀ iċ snūde ġefræġn sunu Wīhstānes,

その後すぐ、聞いた話では ウェーオホスターンの息子は

æfter word-cwydum wundum dryhtne,

命令通りに 傷ついた主君に、

hӯran heaðo-sīocum, hring-net beran,

戦に倒れた者に従い、 鎖帷子を運んだ、

brogdne beadu-serċean u[n]der beorges hrōf.

2755

編んだ戦鎖りを、 塚山の中へと。

Ġeseah ðā siġe-hrēðiġ, þā hē bī sesse ġēong,

勝利に得意な者は見た、 龍の座に近づいたとき、

mago-þeġn |mōdiġ, māððum-siġla fealo,

勇敢な若武者は、 沢山の宝石が、

gold glitinian grunde ġetenġe,

黄金が光るのを 地面には、

wundur on wealle, ond þæs wyrmes denn

壁面には不思議な物を、 そして龍の棲家を

ealdes ūht-flogan, orcas stondan,

2760

年取った夜間飛行者〔龍〕の、 杯があるのを

fyrn-manna fatu, feormend-lēase,

古人らの器が、 磨き手もなく

hyrstum behrorene; þǣr wæs helm moniġ

飾りも取れて； 兜も沢山あった

eald ond ōmiġ, earm-bēaga fela

古くて錆びた、 あまたの腕輪も

searwum ġesǣled. ―

巧みに曲げて加工された。 宝は容易にできる

Sinc ēaðe mæġ,

2752a. ÐĀ: adv., then. snūde: adv., quickly; modifies hȳran. ġefræġn: pret. 1sg. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to hear of; w.acc. & inf. 2752b. sunu: masc. acc.sg., ‘son’. Wīhstānes: gen. of Wīhstān, masc. 2753a. æfter: prep., according to. word-cwydum: dat.pl. of word-cwide, masc., ‘word-speech’. 2753b. wundum: masc. dat.sg. of wund, adj., ‘wounded’. dryhtne: dat.sg. of dryhten, masc., lord. 2754a. hӯran: wk.1, to obey; w.dat. heaðo-sīocum: masc. dat.sg. of heaðo-sīoc, adj., ‘battle-sick’, wounded. 2754b. hring-net: neut. acc.sg., ‘ring-net’, coat of mail. beran: st.4, to carry, ‘bear’. 2755a. brogdne: fem. acc.sg., pp. of breġdan, st.3, to weave. beadu-serċean: acc.sg. of beadu-serċe, wk. fem., ‘battle-sark’, coat of mail. 2755b. u[n]der: prep., w.acc. (motion), ‘under’; MS urder; emended by Thorkelin. beorges: gen.sg. of beorg, masc., ‘barrow’. hrōf: masc. acc.sg., ‘roof’. 2756a. Ġeseah: pret. 3sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’; w.acc. (many) & inf. (stondan). ðā: adv., then. siġe-hrēðiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘war-glorious’, triumphant. 2756b. þā: conj., when. bi: prep., ‘by’, near. sesse: dat.sg. of sess, masc. / neut., throne. ġēong: pret. 3sg. of gangan, st.7, to ‘go’. 2757a. mago-þeġn: masc. nom.sg., ‘young thane’. mōdiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., brave. 2757b. māððum-siġla: gen.pl. of māððum-siġle, neut., precious jewel; siġle ‘necklace’. fealo: = fela: adj., neut. acc., many. 2758a. gold: neut. acc.sg., ‘gold’. glitinian: wk.2, to ‘glitter’. 2758b. grunde: dat.sg. of grund, masc., ‘ground’. ġetenġe: adj., neut. acc.sg., close to; w.dat. (grunde). 2759a. wundur: acc.sg. of wundor, neut., ‘wonder’. wealle: dat.sg. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’. 2759b. þæs: the: masc. gen.sg. wyrmes: gen.sg. of wyrm, masc., dragon. denn: neut. acc.sg., ‘den’. 2760a. ealdes: masc. gen.sg. of eald, adj., ‘old’. ūht-flogan: gen.sg. of ūht-floga, wk. masc., ‘night-flier’, i.e. dragon. 2760b. orcas: acc.pl. of orc, masc., cup. stondan: st.6, to ‘stand’. 2761a. fyrn-manna: gen.pl. of fyrn-mann, masc. ‘old-man’. fatu: acc.pl. of fæ t, neut., ‘vat’, cup. 2761b. feormend-lēase: masc. acc.pl. of feormend-lēas, adj., ‘polisher-less’. 2762a. hyrstum: dat.pl. of hyrst, fem., ornament. behrorene: masc. acc.pl., pp. of behrēosan, st.2, to be deprived of; w.dat. 2762b. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. helm: masc., nom.sg., ‘helmet’. moniġ: adj., ‘many’ a; w. sg. noun (helm). 2763a. eald: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘old’. ōmiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., rusty. 2763b. earm-bēaga: gen.pl. of earm-bēag, masc., ‘arm-band’, bracelet. fela: adj., many; with partit. gen. 2764a. searwum: dat.pl. of searo, neut., craft. ġesǣled: pp. of sǣ lan, wk.1, to twist. 2764b. Sinc: neut. nom.sg., treasure; see Com. ēaðe: adv., easily. mæġ: ‘may’, can: pres. 3sg.

229

2765

2770

2775

gold on grund[e] gum-cynnes ġehwone

2765

地中の黄金は、 人間全てを

oferhīġian, hӯde sē ðe wylle! ―

圧倒することが、 隠したい者は隠すがよい !

Swylċe hē siomian ġeseah seġn eall-gylden

その他彼は下がっているのを見た 純金の旗が、

hēah ofer horde, hond-wundra mǣst,

宝庫の上高く、 手造りの最高の逸品が、

ġelocen leoðo-cræftum; of ðām lēom[a] stōd,

手の技で織られた； それから光りが出ていて

þæt hē þone grund-wong onġitan meahte,

2770

そこの地面を 見ることができた、

wrǣ[t]e ġiond-wlītan; næs ðæs wyrmes þǣr

飾りをうち眺めることが。 そこには龍の

onsӯn ǣniġ, ac hyne eċġ fornam.

姿はなく、 刃が彼を奪ったのだった。

Ðā iċ on hlǣwe ġefræġn hord rēafian,

その時私が聞いた話では塚の中で 宝庫を略奪し、

eald enta ġeweorc ānne mannan,

古の巨人の作品を 一人の男 (W) が、

him on bearm hl[a]don bunan ond disċas

2775

sylfes dōme; seġn ēac ġenōm,

己の胸に抱えた 杯や皿を 自分の判断で； 彼は旗も取った、

2765a. gold: neut. nom.sg. on: prep., in. grund[e]: dat.sg. of grund, masc., ‘ground’; MS gr.., A, B grund; emended by Grundtvig. 2765b. gum-cynnes: gen.sg. of gum-cyn(n), neut., ‘mankind’ [groom, kin]. ġehwone: masc. acc.sg. of ġehwā, pron., each, every. 2766a. oferhīġian: wk.2, to overcome [hie]; M & R suggest that this means ‘to pass away from’. 2766b. hӯde: pres. subj. 3sg. of hȳdan, wk.1, to ‘hide’. sē ðe: rel. pron, he who, whoever. wylle: pres. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to wish. 2767a. Swylċe: adv., also. siomian: wk.2, to hang. ġeseah: pret. 3sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’; w.acc. & inf. 2767b. seġn: neut. acc.sg., banner, standard [cf. sign]. eall-gylden: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘all-golden’; see Com. 2768a. hēah: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘high’. ofer: prep., ‘over’, above. horde: dat.sg. of hord, neut., ‘hoard’. 2768b. hond-wundra: gen.pl. of hond-wundor, neut., ‘hand(made) wonder’. mǣst: neut. acc. sg., greatest, supl. of miċel, adj., ‘much’. 2769a. ġelocen: neut. acc.sg., pp. of lūcan, st.2, to ‘lock’, weave. leoðocræftum: dat.pl. of leoðo-cræ ft, masc., ‘limb (= hand)-skill’. 2769b. of: prep., from, out of. ðām: that, it, i.e. seġn: neut. dat.sg. lēom[a], wk. masc. nom.sg., light; MS leoman; emended by Kemble. stōd: pret. 3sg. of standan, st. 6, to ‘stand’, shine forth. 2770a. þæt: conj., so that. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. grund-wong: masc. acc.sg., ‘groundplain’, surface. 2770b. onġitan: st.5, to perceive, see. meahte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 2771a. wrǣ[t]e: acc.pl. of wrǣ t(t), fem., ornament; MS wræ ce; emended by Thorpe. ġiond-wlītan: st.1, to ‘look over’ [beyond]. 2771b. næs: = ne wæ s: ‘was not’: pret. 3sg. ðæs: of that: masc. gen.sg. wyrmes: gen.sg. of wyrm, masc., dragon. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. 2772a. on-sӯn: fem. nom.sg., form, sight. ǣniġ: adj. fem. nom.sg., ‘any’. 2772b. ac: conj., (not...) but. hyne: him: acc. eċġ: fem. nom.sg., ‘edge’. fornam: pret. 3sg. of for-niman, st.4, to ‘take away’, destroy. 2773a. Ðā: adv., then. on: prep., in. hlǣwe: dat.sg. of hlǣ w, masc., barrow, cave. ġefræġn: pret. 1sg. of ġefriġnan, st.3, to hear of; w.acc. (ānne mannan) & inf. (rēafian and hl[a]don). 2773b. hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘hoard’. rēafian: wk.2, inf., to plunder, ‘reave’. 2774a. eald: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘old’. enta: gen.pl. of ent, masc., giant. ġeweorc: neut. acc. sg., ‘work’. 2774b. ānne: masc. acc.sg. of ān,, one, a. mannan: acc.sg. of man(n), masc., ‘man’; wk. declension for man. 2775a. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. on: prep., w.acc., to, into. bearm: masc. acc.sg., bosom. hl[a]don: = hladan, st.6, to load; inf.; B hlodon: emended by Holder. 2775b. bunan: acc.pl. of bune, wk. fem., cup. disċas: acc.pl. of disċ, masc., ‘dish’. 2776a. sylfes: masc. gen.sg. of self, sylf, refl. pron., ‘self’, his own. dōme: dat.sg. of dōm, masc., judgement. 2776b. seġn: masc. / neut. acc.sg., banner, standard. ēac: adv., also [eke]. ġenōm: pret. 3sg. of ġeniman, st.4, to take away.

230

2780

190v

2785

bēacna beorhtost. Bill ǣr ġesċōd

旗の中で最も輝かしいものを。 剣が傷つけた、

― eċġ wæs īren ― eald-hlāfordes

― 刃は鉄製だった ―  老いた王 (B) の、

þām ðāra māðma mund-bora wæs

それらの財宝の 保管者だった者 (D) を

longe hwīle, līġ-eġesan wæg

2780

長い間、 恐ろしい炎をもたらした者を、

hātne for horde, hioro-weallende

宝庫を守るために熱い、 激しく吐き出した者を

middel-nihtum, |oð þæt hē morðre swealt.

真夜中に、ついに龍は殺戮の最中に死んだ。

Ār wæs on ofoste, eft-sīðes ġeorn,

使者 (W) は急いでいた 戻りたくて、

frætwum ġefyrðred; hyne fyrwet bræc,

宝物にせき立てられて； 心配が彼を苦しめた、

hwæðer collen-ferð cwicne ġemētte

2785

勇気ある方に 生きて会えるかどうかという、

in ðām wong-stede, Wedra þēoden

あの場所で ウェデラスの王に

ellen-sīocne, þǣr hē hine ǣr forlēt.

力萎えた、 彼が先に置いてきた所で。

Hē ðā mid þām māðmum mǣrne þīoden,

それから彼が宝を運んで行くと 名高き王は、

dryhten sīnne drīoriġne fand

彼の主君は、 血を流して

2777a. bēacna: gen.pl. of bēacen, neut., standard, banner [beacon]. beorhtost: supl. of beorht, adj., ‘bright’. 2777b. Bill: neut. nom.sg., sword. ǣr: adv., before; often forms the pluperfect with pret. ġesċōd: pret. 3sg. of ġesċeþðan, st.6, to injure, harm; w.dat. object. 2778a. eċġ: fem. nom.sg., ‘edge’ (of a weapon). īren: adj., fem. nom.sg., made of ‘iron’. 2778b. eald-hlāfordes: gen.sg. of eald-hlāford, masc., ‘old lord’; modifies Bill. 2779a. þām: the one who: rel. pron., masc. dat.sg. ðāra: those: gen.pl. māðma: gen.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. 2779b. mund-bora: wk. masc. nom.sg, ‘hand-ruler’, guardian. 2780a. longe: fem. acc.sg. of long, adj., ‘long’. hwīle: acc.sg. of hwīl, fem., ‘while’, time: adverbial acc. 2780b. līġ-eġesan: acc.sg. of līġe-eġesa, wk. masc., ‘fireterror’. wæg: pret. 3sg. of wegan, st.5, to carry. 2781a. hātne: masc. acc.sg. of hāt, adj., ‘hot’. for: prep., because of. horde: dat.sg. of hord, neut., ‘hoard’, treasure. 2781b. hioro-weallende: adj., (pres. part.) masc. acc.sg., ‘fierce welling’. 2782a. middel-nihtum: dat.pl. of middel-niht, fem., ‘middle night’. 2782b. oð þæt: conj., until. morðre: dat.sg. of morðor, neut., ‘murder’. swealt: pret. 3sg. of sweltan, st. 3, to die. 2783a. Ār: masc. nom.sg., messenger, i.e. Wiglaf. on: prep., in. ofoste: dat.sg. of ofost, fem., haste. 2783b. eft-sīðes: gen.sg. of eft-sīð, masc., journey back, return. ġeorn: adj., masc. nom.sg., desirous, eager [yearn; G. gern]; w.gen. 2784a. frætwum: dat. of fræ twe, fem. pl., ornaments, treasure. ġefyrðred: masc. nom.sg., pp. of ġefyrðran, wk.1, to impel; ‘to show them the king’. 2784b. hyne: ‘him’: acc. fyrwet: neut. nom.sg., anxiety, curiosity. bræc: pret. 3sg. of brecan, st.4, to ‘break’ apart, asunder. 2785a. hwæðer: conj., ‘whether’. collen-ferð: adj., masc. acc.sg., ‘swollen minded’, brave (one). 2785b. cwicne: masc. acc.sg. of cwic(o), adj., alive [quick]. ġemētte: pret. subj. 3sg. of ġemetan, wk.1, to ‘meet’; with understood subject Wiglaf. 2786a. ðām: that, the: masc. dat.sg. wong-stede: masc. dat.sg., ‘plain-stead (= place)’. 2786b. Wedra: gen. of Wederas, masc., the Weather-Geatas. þēoden: masc. acc.sg., lord, king. 2787a. ellensīocne: masc. acc.sg. of ellen-sīoc, adj., ‘strength-sick’, feeble. 2787b. þǣr: rel. adv., where. hine: ‘him’: acc. ǣr: adv., before; forms the pluperfect with pret. forlēt: pret. 3sg. of for-lǣ tan, st.7, to leave. 2788a. ðā: adv., then. mid: prep., with. þām: the: dat.pl. māðmum: dat.pl.; see 2779a. 2788b. mǣrne: masc. acc.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous. þīoden: = þēoden: masc. acc.sg.; see 2786b. 2789a. dryhten: masc. acc.sg., lord, chief. sīnne: masc. acc.sg. of sīn, poss. pron., his [G. sein]. 2789b. drīoriġne: neut. acc.sg. of dreoriġ, adj., bloody [dreary]. fand: pret. 3sg. of findan, st.3, to ‘find’.

231

2790

ealdres æt ende; hē hine eft ongon

2790

wæteres weorpan, oð þæt wordes ord

水を掛け始めた、 すると言葉の先が

breost-hord þurhbræc. [Biorn-cyning spræc]

彼の胸を突き破った。 英雄王は述べた

gomel on ġio[h]ðe ― gold sċēawode ―

老いた方は悲しみを込めて ― 黄金を眺めた：

“Iċ ðāra frætwa Frēan ealles ðanc, 2795

2800

臨終を迎えていた； 彼は王に再び

Wuldur-cyninge wordum seċġe,

『わしはこの宝物 全てのお礼を神に、 2795

栄光の王に、 言葉にて申し上げる、

ēċum Dryhtne, þē iċ hēr on starie,

永遠の主に、 わしがここで眺めている物の礼を、

þæs ðe iċ mōste mīnum lēodum

何故ならわしは許されたから、 我が民のために

ǣr swylt-dæġe swylċ ġestrӯnan.

死ぬ前に そのような物を得ることを。

Nū iċ on māðma hord mī[n]e bebohte

今やわしは宝庫のために 売った以上、わしの

frōde feorh-leġe, fremmað ġēna

2800

老いた定命を、 お前たちが今後満たせ

lēoda þearfe; ne mæġ iċ hēr lenġ wesan.

国民の必要を； わしは最早この世に留まれぬ。

Hātað heaðo-mǣre hlǣw ġewyrċean

戦の誉れある者達に命ぜよ 塚を築くように、

2790a. ealdres: gen.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. ende: masc. dat.sg., ‘end’. 2790b. hine: him: acc.

eft: adv., again.

ongon: pret. 3sg. of on-ġinnan, st.3, to ‘begin’. 2791a. wæteres: gen.sg. of wæ ter, neut., ‘water’ weorpan: st.3, to throw, sprinkle [warp]; w.acc. of person & gen. of thing. 2791b. oð þæt: conj., until. wordes: gen.sg. of word, neut., ‘word’. ord: masc. nom.sg., point. 2792a. breost-hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘breast-hoard’, heart. þurhbræc: pret. 3sg. of þurh-brecan, st.4, to ‘break through’. 2792b. [Biorn-cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘hero-king’. spræc]: pret., 3sg. of sprecan, st.5, ‘speak.’; no gap between þurhbræ c and gomel in MS, but certainly a half-line with b-alliteration is missing; restored by Klaeber; M & R. suggest supplying Bregorōf ġespræ c, ‘the mighty king spoke’. 2793a. gomel: adj., old (one). on: prep., in. ġio[h]ðe: dat.sg. of ġiohðo, fem., sorrow, care; MS giogoðe; emended by Grimm (Note on Andreas 66). 2793b. gold: neut. acc.sg., ‘gold’. sċēawode: pret. 3sg. of sċēawian, wk.2, to look at. 2794a. ðāra: gen.pl. of þā, those. frætwa: gen. of fræ twe, fem. pl., ornaments. 2794b. Frēan: dat. of Frēa, wk. masc., the Lord. ealles: neut. gen.sg. of eal(l), ‘all’. ðanc: masc. acc.sg., ‘thanks’ (for); w.gen. 2795a. Wuldur-cyninge: dat. of Wuldur-cyning, masc., ‘Glory-King’, God. 2795b. wordum: dat.pl. of word, neut. seċġe: pres. 1sg. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’. 2796a. ēċum: masc. dat.sg. of ēċe, adj., eternal. Dryhtne: dat. of Dryhten, masc., God. 2796b. þē: rel. particle., which; its antecedent is ðāra fræ twa...ealles. hēr: adv., ‘here’. starie: pres. 1sg. of starian, wk.2, to ‘stare’. 2797a. þæs ðe: conj., because. mōste: pret. 1sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, to be allowed. 2797b. lēodum: dat. of lēode, masc. pl., people. 2798a. ǣr: prep., before. swylt-dæġe: dat.sg. of swylt-dæ ġ, masc., ‘death-day’; cf. sweltan, to die. 2798b. swylċ: pron., neut. acc.sg., such. ġestrӯnan: wk.1, to acquire. 2799a. Nū: conj., now that. on: prep., ｗ.acc., to, into. māðma: gen.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘hoard’. 2799b. mī[n]e: ‘my, mine’: masc. acc.sg.; MS minne; emended by Ettmüller. bebohte: pret. 1sg. of be-byċġan, wk.1, to sell; with on & acc. (for). 2800a. frōde: fem. acc.sg. of frōd, adj., old. feorh-leġe: acc.sg. of feorh-legu, wk. fem., allotted life span. 2800b. fremmað: imper. pl. of fremman, wk.1, to attend to. ġēna: adv., further. 2801a. lēoda: gen. of lēode, pl., people. þearfe: acc.sg. of þearf, fem., need. 2801b. mæġ: ‘may’: pres. 1sg. hēr: adv., ‘here’ on earth. lenġ: compar. of longe, adv., ‘long’. wesan: st.5, to be. 2802a. Hātað: imper. pl. of hātan, st.7, to order, command; w.acc. & inf. heaðo-mǣre: adj., masc. acc.pl., ‘battle-famous’ (one), warriors. 2802b. hlǣw: masc. acc. sg., mound. ġewyrċean: wk.1, to make [work].

232

2805

beorhtne æfter bǣle æt brimes nosan;

火葬の後に壮麗なるものを 海の鼻先に；

sē sċel tō ġemyndum mīnum lēodum

それは記念碑として 我が国民への

hēah hlīfian on Hronesnæsse,

2805

þæt hit sǣ-līðend syððan hātan

それ故それを船乗り達は 今後呼ぶであろう

Bīowulfes biorh, ðā ðe brentingas 191r

2810

「ベーオウルフの塚」と、 船を

ofer |flōda ġenipu feorran drīfað.”

霧の海原を越えて 遠くから漕いでくる者達は』

Dyde him of healse hring gyldenne,

彼の首からはずして 金の首飾りを

þīoden þrīst-hӯdiġ, þeġne ġesealde,

2810

勇気ある王は、 近侍の武士 (W) に与えた、

ġeongum gār-wigan, gold-fāhne helm,

若き槍の戦士に、 金箔の兜と

bēah ond byrnan, hēt hyne brūcan well:

宝環と鎧を 後生大事に使うよう命じた：

“Þū eart ende-lāf ūsses cynnes,

『お主は最後の生き残りだ 我が一族、

Wǣġmundinga; ealle wyrd fors[w]ēo[p] 2815

高く聳えよう 鯨岬に、

mīne māgas tō metod-sċeafte,

ウェーイムンディンガスの； 運命が全てを一掃した 2815

我が血族の、 定めの死へ、

2803a. beorhtne: masc. acc.sg. of beorht, adj., ‘bright’. bǣle: dat.sg. of bǣ l, masc., funeral pyre. 2803b. æt: prep., w.dat., ‘at’. brimes: gen.sg. of brim, neut., sea. nosan: dat.sg. of nose, wk. fem., ‘nose’, promontory. 2804a. sē: that, it, i.e. hlǣ w: masc. nom.sg. sċel: ‘shall’, is to: pres. 3sg. tō: prep., for, as. ġemyndum: dat.pl. of ġemynd, fem., memorial. 2804b. mīnum: ‘my, mine’: masc. dat.pl., lēodum: dat.pl. of lēode : see 2801a. 2805a. hēah: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘high’. hlīfian: wk.2, to stand high. 2805b. on: prep., ‘on’. Hronesnæsse: hrones: gen.sg. of hron, masc., whale. næsse: dat.sg. of næ s, masc., ‘ness’. 2806a. þæt: conj., so that. hit: ‘it’: neut. acc.sg.; ‘hit is used loosely without regard to the gender of hlǣ w’ (Klaeber’s Notes, p. 221). sǣ-līðend: masc. nom.pl., sea-farers. 2806b. syððan: adv., hereafter. hātan: st.7 pres. subj. 3pl., to call. 2807a. Bīowulfes: gen. biorh: acc.sg. of beorg, beorh, masc., burial mound, ‘barrow’. 2807b. ðā ðe: rel. pron., nom.pl., (those) who. brentingas: acc.pl. of brenting, masc., ship. 2808a. flōda: gen.pl. of flōd, masc., ‘flood’, wave. ġenipu: acc.pl. of ġenip, neut., darkness, mist. 2808b. feorran: adv., from afar. drīfað: pres. 3sg. of drīfan, st.1, to ‘drive’. 2809a. Dyde: pret. 3sg. of dōn, anom., to remove. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. of: prep., from. healse: dat.sg. of heals, masc., neck. 2809b. hring: masc. acc.sg., ‘ring’, necklace. gyldenne: masc. acc.sg. of gylden, adj., ‘golden’. 2810a. þīoden: masc. nom.sg., king. þrīst-hӯdiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘bold-minded’, brave. 2810b. þeġne: dat.sg. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’. ġesealde: pret. 3sg. of ġesellan, wk.1, to give [sell]. 2811a. ġeongum: masc. dat.sg. of ġeong, adj., ‘young’. gār-wīgan: dat. sg. of gār-wīga, wk. masc., spear-fighter, warrior. 2811b. gold-fāhne: masc. acc.sg. of gold-fāh, adj., ornamented with gold. helm: masc. acc.sg., ‘helmet’. 2812a. bēah: masc. acc.sg., circular ornament. byrnan: acc.sg. of byrne, wk. fem., coat of mail [byrnie]. 2812b. hēt: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order, command. hyne: ‘him’: acc. brūcan: st.2, to use, enjoy; the objects (gifts) understood. well: adv., well. 2813a. eart: ‘art’: 2sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. ende-lāf: fem. nom.sg., ‘end (= last) survivor’. 2813b. ūsses: neut. gen.sg. of ūre, poss. adj., ‘our’. cynnes: gen.sg. of cyn, neut., tribe, ‘kin’. 2814a. Wǣġmundinga: gen. of Wǣ ġmundingas, masc. pl., tribe to which Beowulf and Wiglaf belong. 2814b. ealle: masc. acc.pl. of eal(l), ‘all’. wyrd: fem. nom.sg., Fate. fors[w]ēo[p]: pret. 3sg. of forswāpan, st.7, sweep off.; MS for speof; emended by Kemble. 2815a. mīne: ‘my, mine’: masc. acc.pl. māgas: acc. pl. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman. 2815b. tō: prep., ‘to’, towards. metod-sċeafte: dat.sg. of metod-sċeaft, fem., decree of fate.

233

2820

eorlas on elne; iċ him æfter sċeal.”

武勇優れた貴族らを； わしも彼らの後を追わねばならぬ』

Þæt wæs þām gomelan ġingæste word

これが年老いた者の 最後の言葉だった

brēost-ġehyġdum, ǣr hē bǣl cure,

胸の思いを込めた、 彼が火葬の薪を選ぶ前の、

hāte heaðo-wylmas; him of h[ræ]ðre ġewāt

熱い恐ろしい炎を； 彼の胸から旅立った、

sāwol sēċean sōð-fæstra dōm.

2820

魂は求めて、 義人らの受ける栄光を。

2816a. eorlas: acc.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman. on: prep., in, at. elne: dat.sg. of ellen, neut., courage, strength. 2816b. him: them, dat.pl. of hīe, they. æfter: prep., after; governs him. sċeal: ‘shall’, must; a verb of motion omitted. 2817a. Þæt: ‘that, it’: neut. nom.sg. þām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. gomelan: masc. dat.sg. wk. of gamol, gomol, adj., old (one). 2817b. ġingæste: supl. wk. neut. of ġeong, adj., ‘young’, last. word: neut. nom.sg., word. 2818a. brēost-ġehyġdum: dat.pl. of brēost-ġehyġd, fem. / neut., ‘breast-thought’. 2818b. ǣr: conj., before. bǣl: masc. acc.sg., funeral pyre. cure: pres. subj. 3sg. of ċēosan, st.2, to ‘choose’. 2819a. hāte: masc. acc.pl. of hāt, adj., ‘hot’. heaðo-wylmas: acc.pl. of heaðo-wylm, masc., ‘battle-surge’, fierce flame. 2819b. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. of: prep., from, out of. h[ræ]ðre: = hreðre: neut. dat.sg., breast, heart; MS hwæ ðre; emended by Grein. ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart, go. 2820a. sāwol: fem. nom.sg., ‘soul’; subject. seċean: wk.1, to ‘seek’, search for. 2820b. sōð-fæstra: gen.pl. of sōð-fæ st, adj., true, righteous, just (one). dōm: masc. acc.sg., glory [doom] ; see Com.

234

[XXXVIIII]

[XXXVIIII]

Ðā wæs ġegongen gum[an] unfrōdum

2825

2830

191v

 それから起こったことは 若者には

earfoðlīċe, þæt hē on eorðan ġeseah

辛いことだった、 彼はこの世で見たのだった

þone lēofestan līfes æt ende

最も愛する者が 臨終に際して

blēate ġebǣran. Bona swylċe læġ,

ひどく苦しむ様を。 殺人者 (D) も死んでいた、

eġeslīċ eorð-draca ealdre berēafod,

2825

恐ろしい土龍も、 命を奪われ、

bealwe ġebǣded. Bēah-hordum lenġ

苦しみに苛まれて。 もはや宝の倉を

wyrm wōh-bogen wealdan ne mōste,

とぐろを巻いた龍は 支配することができず、

ac hi[ne] īrenna eċġa fornāmon,

鉄の刃がそ奴を 屠ったのだった、

hearde heaðo-sċear[p]e homera lāfe,

硬い、戦に鋭い、 ハンマーで鍛えられたものが、

þæt se wīd-floga wundum stille

2830

そのため遠く飛ぶ者は 傷で動けなくなって、

hrēas on hrūsan hord-ærne nēah.

地面に墜落した 宝庫の塚の近くで。

Nalles |æfter lyfte lācende hwearf

全然空中を 飛び回らなくなった

middle-nihtum, māðm-ǣhta wlonc

深夜に、 財宝を自慢して

2821a. Ðā: adv., then. wæs: (it) ‘was’. ġegongen: pp. of ġegangan, st.7, to happen. 2821b. gum[an]: dat.sg. of guma, wk. masc., man; MS gumum; emended by Heine. unfrōdum: masc. dat.sg. of un-frōd, adj., ‘un-old’. 2822a. earfoðlīċe: adv., painfully. 2822b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. eorðan: dat.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the ‘earth’. ġeseah: pret. 3sg. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’; w.acc. & inf. 2823a. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. lēofestan: wk. masc. acc.sg. of lēofost, supl. of lēof, adj., dear (one). 2823b. līfes: gen.sg. of līf, neut., ‘life’. ende: masc. dat.sg., ‘end’. 2824a. blēate: adv., wretchedly. ġebǣran: wk.1, inf., to ‘bear’ oneself. 2824b. Bona: wk. masc. nom.sg., killer. swylċe: adv., likewise. læġ: pret. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’ dead. 2825a. eġeslīċ: adj., masc. nom.sg., dreadful. eorð-draca: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘earth dragon’. 2825b. ealdre: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. berēafod: pp. of be-rēafian, wk.2, to ‘bereave’ (of); w.dat. 2826a. bealwe: dat.sg. of bealo, bealu, neut., affliction [bale]. ġebǣded: pp. of bǣ dan, wk.1, to oppress. 2826b. Bēah-hordum: dat.pl. of bēaġ-hord, neut., ‘treasure-hoard’. lenġ (...ne): ‘no longer’. 2827a. wyrm: masc. nom.sg., dragon. wōh-bogen: adj. (pp.), masc. nom.sg., coiled. 2827b. wealdan: st.7, to control; w. dat. object. mōste: pret. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., ‘may’, can. 2828a. ac: conj., (not...) but. hi[ne]: ‘him’: acc.; MS him; emended by Grein and Rieger. īrenna: gen.pl. of īren, neut., ‘iron’, sword. 2828b. eċġa: nom.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’. fornāmon: pret. 3pl. of for-niman, st.4, to destroy; w.acc. 2829a. hearde: fem. nom.pl. of heard, adj., ‘hard’. heaðo-sċear[p]e: fem. nom.pl. of heaðo-sċearp, adj., ‘battle-sharp’; MS heaðo scear/ de; emended by Thorpe; the MS reading ‘notched in battle’ is accepted by Dobbie, Wrenn and M & R. 2829b. homera: gen.pl. of hamer, masc., ‘hammer’. lāfe: nom.pl. of lāf, fem., heirloom. 2830a. þæt: conj., so that. se: the: masc. nom.sg. wīd-floga: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘wide-flier’. 2830b. wundum: instr.-dat.pl. of wund, fem., ‘wound’. stille: adj., masc. nom.sg., made still. 2831a. hrēas: pret. 3sg. of hrēosan, st.2, to fall. on: prep., w.acc., on to. hrūsan: acc.sg. of hrūse, wk. fem., ground. 2831b. hord-ærne: dat.sg. of hord-æ rn, neut., ‘hoard hall’. nēah: prep., w.dat., near; postpositioned. 2832a. Nalles: adv., not at all. æfter: prep., w.dat., through. lyfte: dat.sg. of lyft, fem., air [G. Luft]. 2832b. lācende: pres. part. of lācan, st.7, to fly. hwearf: pret. 3sg. of hweorfan, st.3, to move about. 2833a. middle-nihtum: dat.pl. of middle-niht, fem., ‘middle-night’; adverbial. 2833b. māðm-ǣhta: gen.pl. of māðm-ǣ ht, fem, ‘treasure-property’. wlonc: adj., masc. nom. sg., proud (of); w.gen.

235

ansȳn ȳwde, ac hē eorðan ġefēoll 2835

2840

2845

for ðæs hild-fruman hond-ġeweorce.

姿を見せなくなった、 彼は地上に墜落したのだ、 2835

あの武将 (B) の 手の働きによって。

Hūru þæt on lande lȳt manna ðāh

実際地上では 殆ど誰もがそれをなし得なかった、

mæġen-āgendra, mīne ġefrǣġe,

力ある者でも、 私の知る限り、

þēah ðe hē dǣda ġehwæs dyrstiġ wǣre,

たとえその者が全ての行動に 大胆であろうとも

þæt hē wið attor-sċeaðan oreðe ġerǣsde,

毒ある敵の 息に対抗することなど、

oððe hring-sele hondum styrede,

2840

あるいは指輪の広間を 手で掻き乱すことなど、

ġif hē wæċċende weard onfunde

もし見張りながら 番人 (D) が

būon on beorge. Bīowulfe wearð

洞窟にいるのを見つけたら。 ベーオウルフの、

dryht-māðma dǣl dēaðe forgolden;

素晴らしい宝の山は、 死によって購われた；

hæfde ǣġhwæð[er] ende ġefēred

両者とも 最期を遂げたのだった

lǣnan līfes.

2845

はかない命の。

Næs ðā lang tō ðon,

それから間もなくして

þæt ðā hild-latan holt ofġēfan,

臆病者たちが 森から出てきた、

2834a. ansȳn: fem. acc.sg., appearance, sight. ȳwde: pret. 3sg. of ēowan, ȳwan, wk.1, to show. 2834b. eorðan: acc.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the ‘earth’, the ground. ġefēoll: pret. 3sg. of ġefeallan, st.7, to ‘fall’ to. 2835a. for: prep., w.dat., because of. ðæs: the, that: masc. gen.sg. hild-fruman: gen.sg. of hild-fruma, wk. masc., ‘war-chief’. 2835b. hond-ġeweorce: dat.sg. of hond-ġeweorc, neut., ‘handiwork’. 2836a. Hūru: adv., indeed. þæt (...þæt) (2839a): it ...(that). lande: dat.sg. of land, neut., ‘land’. 2836b. lȳt: neut. nom.sg., few, a small number [little]. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. ðāh: pret. 3sg. of þēon, st.1, to succeed. 2837a. mæġen-āgendra: masc. gen.pl. of mæ ġenāgende, adj. (pres. part.), ‘power-owned’ (one). 2837b. mīne: ‘my, mine’: neut. instr.sg. of mīn. ġefrǣġe: neut. instr.sg. hearsay; mīne ġefrǣ ġe, ‘as I have heard tell’. 2838a. þēah ðe: conj., usually with subj., ‘though’. dǣda: gen.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’. ġehwæs: masc. gen.sg. of ġehwā, pron., each (one); gen. of respect. 2838b. dyrstiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., daring. wǣre: ‘were’: pret. subj. 3sg. 2839a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. wið: prep., w.dat., against. attor-sċeaðan: gen.sg. of attor-sċeaða, wk. masc., ‘venom-foe’. 2839b. oreðe: dat.sg. of oruð, neut., breath. ġerǣsde: pret. 3sg. of ġerǣ san, wk.1, to rush against, attack. 2840a. oððe: conj., ‘or’. hring-sele: masc. acc.sg., ‘ring-hall’. 2840b. hondum: dat.pl. of hand, hond, fem., ‘hand’. styrede: pret. subj. 3sg. of styrian, wk.1, to ‘stir’ up, disturb. 2841a. ġif: conj., ‘if ’. wæċċende: masc. acc.sg. pres. part., of wæ ċċan, wk.3, to ‘watch’. 2841b. weard: masc. acc.sg., guardian, keeper. onfunde: pret. subj. 3sg. of on-findan, st.3, to find out; w.acc. & inf. 2842a. būon: = -an: st.7, inf., to dwell in. beorge: dat.sg. of beorg, masc., ‘barrow’. 2842b. Bīowulfe: poss. dat. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, aux., to be; forms passive. 2843a. dryht-māðma: gen.pl. of dryht-māðum, masc., princely treasure. dǣl: masc. nom.sg., a great ‘deal’ of. 2843b. dēaðe: dat.sg. of dēað, masc., (by) ‘death’. forgolden: pp. of for-ġyldan, st.3, to repay. 2844a. hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg.; aux. ǣġhwæð[er]: masc. nom.sg., pron., ‘either’; MS æ ghwæ ðre; emended by Kemble. 2844b. ende: masc. acc.sg., ‘end’. ġefēred: pp. of ġefēran, wk.1, to reach. 2845a. lǣnan: wk. neut. gen.sg. of lǣ ne, adj., transitory. līfes: gen.sg. of līf, neut., ‘life’. 2845b. Næs: was not; pret. 3sg. neg. of wesan, st.5. ðā: adv., then. lang: adj. neut. nom.sg., ‘long’. tō ðon (...þæt): until (that). 2846a. ðā: the: nom.pl. hild-latan: nom.pl. of hild-lata, wk. masc., battle-sluggish’ one, a coward. 2846b. holt: neut. acc.sg., wood. ofġēfan: pret. 3pl. of of-ġyfan, st.5, to leave.

236

2850

2855

tȳdre trēow-logan tȳne ætsomne;

弱い、誓いを破った者どもが 10 人一緒に；

ðā ne dorston ǣr dareðum lācan

彼らは勇気がなかったのだ 槍で戦う

on hyra man-dryhtnes miċlan þearfe,

彼らの主君の 一大事に、

ac hȳ sċamiende sċyldas bǣran,

2850

gūð-ġewǣdu, þǣr se gomela læġ;

戦衣を、 武将が横たわっているところへ；

wlitan on Wīlāf. Hē ġewērgad sæt,

ウィーラーフを見た。 彼は疲れて坐っていた、

fēðe-cempa frēan eaxlum nēah,

この徒の武士は、 主君の肩の近くに、

wehte hyne wætre ― him wiht ne spēo[w].

水で蘇生させようとしたが、 成功しなかった。

Ne meahte hē on eorðan, ðēah hē ūðe wēl,

2855

on ðām frum-gāre feorh ġehealdan,

彼はどうにもできなかった、 いかに望もうとも、 武将に 命をとどめ置くことは、

nē ðæs Wealdendes wiht onċirran; 192r

それで彼らは恥じ入りながら 楯を運んだのだ、

「支配者」の 定めたものを変えることは；

wolde dōm |Godes dǣdum rǣdan

神の権威は 行いを支配することだった

gumena ġehwylcum, swā hē nū ġēn d[ōi]ð.

全ての人間の、 いまだそうであるように。

2847a. tȳdre: adj., masc. nom.pl., weak, cowardly. trēow-logan: nom.pl. of trēow-loga, wk. masc., ‘pledgebreaker’. 2847b. tȳne: masc. nom. of tȳn, ‘ten’. ætsomne: adv., together. 2848a. ðā: rel. pron., who. dorston: pret. 3pl. of *durran, pret.-pres., to ‘dare’. ǣr: adv., early, before. 2848b. dareðum: instr.-dat.pl. of daroð, masc., spear, javelin. lācan: st.7, to fight. 2849a. on: prep., w. dat., in, at. hyra: their. man-dryhtnes: gen.sg. of mandryhten, masc., ‘men-lord’. 2849b. miċlan: wk. fem. dat.sg. of miċel, adj., much. þearfe: dat.sg. of þearf, fem., need. 2850a. ac: conj., but. hȳ: they: nom.pl. sċamiende: pres. part. masc. nom.pl. of sċamian, wk.2, to be ashamed. 2850b. sċyldas: acc.pl. of sċyld, masc., ‘shield’. bǣran: pret. 3pl. of beran, st.4, to ‘bear’; with -an for -on. 2851a. gūð-ġewǣdu: acc.pl. of gūð-ġewǣ de, neut., ‘war-gear’. 2851b. þǣr: rel. adv., to the place where. se: the. gomela: wk. masc. nom.sg. of gamol, adj., old (one). læġ: pret. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’ dead. 2852a. wlitan: pret. 3pl. st.1, to watch, gaze. on: prep., w.acc., at. Wīlāf: acc. 2852b. ġewērgad: pp. of (ġe)wērgian, wk.2, to ‘weary’, fatigue. sæt: pret. 3sg. of sittan, st.5, to ‘sit’. 2853a. fēðe-cempa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘foot-soldier’. 2853b. frēan: gen.sg. of frēa, wk. masc., lord, king. eaxlum: dat.pl. of eaxl, fem., shoulder. nēah: prep., w.dat., ‘near’, by; postpositioned. 2854a. wehte: pret. 3sg. of weċċan, wk.1, to rouse [cf. wake]; ‘tried to rouse him’. hyne: ‘him’: acc. wætre: instr.-dat.sg. of wæ ter, neut. ‘water’. 2854b. him: ‘him’: dat. wiht ne: not at all. spēo[w]: pret. 3sg. of spōwan, st.7, to succeed; impers., w.dat.; MS speop; emended by Thorkelin. 2855a. Ne: adv., not. meahte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. eorðan: dat.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the earth. 2855b. ðēah: conj., ‘though’: with subj. ūðe: pret. subj. 3sg. of unnan, pret.-pres., to wish. wēl: adv., ‘well’. 2856a. on: prep., w.dat., in. ðām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. frum-gāre: dat.sg. of frum-gār, masc., ‘chief-spear’, chieftain. 2856b. feorh: neut. acc.sg., life. ġehealdan: st.7, to ‘hold’, keep. 2857a. nē: conj., nor. ðæs: the: masc. gen.sg. Wealdendes: gen. of Wealdend, masc., the Ruler. 2857b. wiht: fem. acc.sg., anything (ordained by the Ruler). onċirran: wk.1, to change. 2858a. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’. dōm: masc. nom.sg., authority. Godes: gen. of God. 2858b. dǣdum: dat. pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’. rǣdan: st.7, to rule, control; w.dat. 2859a. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., ‘man’. ġehwylcum: masc. dat.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., every (one); w.gen. 2859b. swā: conj., just as. nū: adv., ‘now’. ġēn: adv., still. d[ōi]ð: pres. 3sg. of dōn, anom., to ‘do’; MS deð; expanded by Wrenn for metre.

237

2860

Þā wæs æt ðām ġeong[an] grim andswaru ēð-beġēte þām ðe ǣr his elne forlēas.

容易に得られた 勇気を失った者には。

Wīġlāf maðelode, Wēohstānes sunu,

ウィーラーフは述べた、 ウェーオホスターンの息子は、

seċ[ġ] sāriġ-ferð ― seah on unlēofe:

心悲しい人は  ― 憎き者ども〔逃亡兵〕を眺めた：

“Þæt, lā, mæġ seċġan sē ðe wyle sōð specan, 2865

2870

 その若武者からは  厳しい応答が

2860

þæt se mon-dryhten, sē ēow ðā māðmas ġeaf,

『こう言えるのだ！ 真実を告げようとする者は、 2865

皆の主君が、 お前達に宝を賜ったお方が、

ēored-ġeatwe, þē ġē þǣr on standað, ―

軍隊の装備を、 お前達がそこで身につけている物を ―

þonne hē on ealu-benċe oft ġesealde

酒席で しばしば授与されたとき、

heal-sittendum helm ond byrnan,

広間の参列者に 兜と鎧を、

þēoden his þeġnum, swylċe hē þrȳdlīcost

王がその近侍の武士に、 最も素晴らしき物を、

ōwer feor oððe nēah findan meahte ―,

2870

おちこちいずこにて、 見つけ得る ―

þæt hē ġēnunga gūð-ġewǣdu

その方がすぐに 戦衣を

wrāðe forwurpe,  ðā hyne wīġ beġet.

悲しいかな投げ捨てられたのだ  戦が起こった時。

Nealles folc-cyning fyrd-ġesteallum

民の王は少しも 戦友のことを

2860a. Þā: adv., then. æt: prep., from. ðām: the: masc. dat.sg. ġeong[an]: masc. dat.sg. of ġeong, adj., young (one); MS geongū; emended by Barnouw. 2860b. grim: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘grim’. and-swaru: fem. nom.sg., ‘answer’. 2861a. ēð-beġēte: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘easily obtained’. 2861b. þām ðe: rel. pron., for him who. ǣr: adv., early. elne: dat.sg. of ellen, neut., courage. forlēas: pret. 3sg. of for-lēosan, st.2, to ‘lose’; w.dat. 2862a. Wīġlāf maðelode Wēohstānes sunu: see 2631a. 2863a. seċ[ġ], masc. nom.sg., man; MS sec; emended by Thorkelin. sāriġ-ferð: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘sorry-hearted’. 2863b. seah: pret. 3sg. of sēon, st.5, to ‘see’, look on. on: prep., on to. unlēofe: masc. acc.pl. of un-lēof, adj., ‘un-dear’ (one). 2864a. Þæt (...þæt (2865a), ...þæt (2871a): it (...that, ...that). lā: interj., indeed. mæġ: ‘may’, can: pres. 3sg. seċġan: wk.3, to ‘say’. 2864b. sē ðe: rel. pron., he who, whoever. wyle: ‘will’: pres. 3sg. sōð: neut. acc.sg., truth. specan: = sprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’. 2865a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. se: the, that. mon-dryhten: masc. nom.sg., ‘men-lord’. 2865b. sē: rel. pron., who. ēow: ‘you’: dat.pl. ðā: the. māðmas: acc.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. ġeaf: pret. 3sg. of ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’. 2866a. ēoredġeatwe: fem. acc.pl., ‘troop-equipments’, armour. 2866b. þē: rel. particle, which. gē: ‘ye’: nom. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. on: prep., in; postpositioned; governs þē. standað: pres. 2pl. of standan, st.6, to ‘stand’. 2867a. þonne: conj., when. ealu-benċe: dat.sg. of ealo-benċ, ealu-benċ, fem., ‘ale-bench’. 2867b. oft: adv., ‘often’. ġesealde: pret. 3sg. of ġesellan, wk.1, to distribute. 2868a. heal-sittendum: dat.pl. of heal-sittend(e), masc., ‘hall-sitter’. 2868b. helm: masc. acc.sg., ‘helmet’. byrnan: acc.sg. of byrne, wk. fem., coat of mail. 2869a. þēoden: masc. nom.sg., lord. þeġnum: dat.pl. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’. 2869b. swylċe: conj., such as. þrȳdlīcost: supl., acc. of þrȳdlīċ, adj., splendid; swylċe þrȳdlīcost may be paraphrased as ‘the most splendid such as he...’. 2870a. ōwer: adv., anywhere. feor: adv., ‘far’. oððe: conj., or. nēah: adv., near, ‘nigh’. 2870b. findan: st.3, to ‘find’. meahte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 2871a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ġēnunga: adv., straightway. 2871b. gūð-ġewǣdu: acc.pl. of gūð-ġewǣ de, neut., ‘war-gear’. 872a. wrāðe: adv., grievously. forwurpe: pret. subj. 3sg. of for-weorpan, st.3, to throw away. 2872b. ðā: conj., when. hyne: ‘him’: acc. wīġ: neut. / masc. nom.sg., battle. beġet: pret. 3sg. of be-ġitan, st.5, to happen to [beget]. 2873a. Nealles: adv., not at all. folc-cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘folk-king’. 2873b. fyrdġesteallum: dat.pl. of fyrd-ġestealla, wk. masc., ‘war-comrade’.

238

ġylpan þorfte; hwæðre him God ūðe, 2875

2880

192v

2885

sigora Waldend, þæt hē hyne sylfne ġewræc

誇る理由を持てなかった； だが神は殿にお許しになった、 2875

勝利の「支配者」は、 殿が自ら復讐を遂げるのを

āna mid eċġe, þā him wæs elnes þearf.

ただ独り刃で、 殿に勇気が必要になったとき。

Iċ him līf-wraðe lȳtle meahte

我は殿のお命を、 殆どなし得なかった、

ætġifan æt gūðe, ond ongan swā þēah

戦でお救いすることは、 だが我は始めたのだ

ofer mīn ġemet mǣġes helpan;

自分の力の範囲を越えて、 血族の救助を。

symle wæs þȳ sǣmra, þonne iċ sweorde drep

2880

決まって弱くなった、 我が剣で打つ度に

ferhð-ġenīðlan, fȳr unswīðor

恐ろしい敵を、 火炎も衰えて

wēoll of ġewitte. [W]erġendra tō lȳt

頭から吹き出て来た。 護衛も余りに少数しか

þrong ymbe þēoden, þā hyne sīo |þrāg becwōm.

主君の回りに近寄らなかった、 危難が来たとき。

[N]ū sċeal sinc-þego ond swyrd-ġifu,

今や宝の授受も 剣の授与も

eall ēðel-wyn ēowrum cynne,

2885

全ての地所の拝領も、 お前たち一族には、

2874a. ġylpan: st.3, to boast of; w.dat. þorfte: pret. 3sg. of þurfan, pret.-pres., to need, have good reason. 2874b. hwæðre: adv., however. him: ‘him’: dat. God: nom. ūðe: pret. 3sg. of unnan, pret.-pres., to grant. 2875a. sigora: gen.pl. of sigor, masc., victory. Waldend: masc. nom.sg., ruler, the Lord. 2875b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hyne sylfne: himself; sylfne: masc. acc.sg. of self, sylf. ġewræc: pret. 3sg. of ġewrecan, st.5, to avenge; with refl. 2876a. āna: alone; wk. masc. nom.sg. of ān, one. mid: prep., with. eċġe: instr.-dat.sg. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’, sword. 2875b. þā: conj., when. him: ‘him’: dat. elnes: gen.sg. of ellen, neut., courage. þearf: fem. nom.sg., need, necessity. 2877a. him: ‘him’, i.e. Beowulf: dat. līf-wraðe: acc.sg. of līf-wraðu, fem., ‘life-protection’. 2877b. lȳtle: fem. acc.sg. of lȳtel, adj., ‘little’. meahte: ‘might’, could: pret. 1sg. 2878a. æt-ġifan: st.5, to give; æ t may be a scribal dittograph for gifan æ t gūðe . gūðe: dat.sg. of gūð, fem., battle, fight. 2878b. ongan: pret. 1sg. of on-ġinnan, st.3, to ‘begin’. swā þēah: adv., however, nevertheless. 2879a. ofer: prep., w.acc., ‘over’, beyond. mīn: ‘my, mine’: neut. acc.sg. ġemet: neut. acc.sg., power. 2879b. mǣġes: gen.sg. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman. helpan: st.3, to ‘help’; w.gen. 2880a. symle: adv., ever, regularly. wæs: ‘was’: with the omitted subject draca. þȳ: ‘the’: neut. instr.sg.; with compar. sǣmra: adj., compar., neut. nom.sg., weaker. 2880b. þonne: conj., whenever. sweorde: instr.-dat.sg. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. drep: pret. 1sg. of drepan, st.5, to strike. 2881a. ferhð-ġenīðlan: acc.sg. of ferhð-ġenīðla, wk. masc., ‘deadly foe’. 2881b. fȳr: neut. nom.sg., ‘fire’. unswīðor: less strongly: compar. of un-swīðe, adv., ‘unstrongly’. 2882a. wēoll: pret. 3sg. of weallan, st.7, to ‘well’ (up). of: from, out of. ġewitte: dat.sg. of ġewit(t), neut., head. 2882b. [W]erġendra: gen.pl. of werġend, masc., defender, pres. part. of werian, wk.1, to defend; MS fergen / dra; emended by Grundtvig. tō: adv., too. lȳt: neut. nom.sg., a few, a small number [little]. 2883a. þrong: pret. 3sg. of þringan, st.3, to ‘throng’, press forward [G. dringen]. ymbe: prep., w.acc., around. þēoden: masc. acc.sg., lord. 2883b. þā: conj., when. hyne: ‘him’: acc. sīo: the, that: fem. nom.sg. þrāg: fem. nom.sg., hardship. becwōm: pret. 3sg. of be-cuman, st.4, to befall; w.acc. 2884a. [N]ū: adv., ‘now’; MS hu (how); emended by Kemble, but M & R note that MS reading as an exclamation ‘seems to fit logically’ (p. 149). sċeal: pres. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., ‘shall’, must. sinc-þego: fem. nom.sg., ‘treasure-receiving’; cf. þiċġan ‘to receive’. 2884b. swyrd-ġifu: fem. nom.sg., ‘sword-giving’. 2885a. eall: all: fem. nom.sg. ēðel-wyn: fem. nom.sg., ‘home-delight’, enjoyment of hereditary estate, delightful home. 2885b. ēowrum: neut. dat.sg. of ēower, ‘your’. cynne: dat.sg. of cyn, neut., ‘kin’.

239

2890

lufen āliċġean; lond-rihtes mōt

慰めも無くなるは必定。 土地の権利を

þǣre mǣġ-burge monna ǣġhwylċ

一族の、 全ての者が

īdel hweorfan, syððan æðelingas

奪われて暮らさざるを得まい、 他国の貴族らが

feorran ġefriċġean flēam ēowerne,

遠くから耳にすれば、 お前たちの逃亡を、

dōm-lēasan dǣd. Dēað bið sēlla

2890

eorla ġehwylcum þonne edwīt-līf!”

不名誉な行為を。 死の方がましである 武人の各々には 生き恥をさらすより！』

2886a. lufen: fem. nom.sg., comfort; cf. lufian to ‘love’, joy, comfort. ā-liċġean: st.5, to ‘go away’, fail; see Com. 2886b. lond-rihtes: gen.sg. of lond-riht, neut., ‘land-right’. mōt: pres. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., must. 2887a. þǣre: the, that: fem. gen.sg. mǣġ-burge: gen.sg. of mǣ ġ-burg, fem., ‘kinsmen in town’, clan. 2887b. monna: gen. pl. of mon(n), masc., ‘man’. ǣġhwylċ: masc. nom.sg., each, everyone. 2888a. īdel: adj., neut. nom.sg., deprived of [idle]; w.gen. (lond-rihtes). hweorfan: st.3, to go. 2888b. syððan: conj., when, as soon as. æðelingas: nom.pl. of

æ þeling, masc., prince, noble. 2889a. feorran: adv., from afar. ġefriċġean: pres. subj. 3pl. of ġefriċġan, st.5, to learn, hear of. 2889b. flēam: masc. acc.sg., flight. ēowerne: your: masc. acc.sg. of ēower. 2890a. dōm-lēasan: wk. fem. acc.sg. of dōm-lēas, adj., ‘glory-less’, inglorious. dǣd: fem. acc.sg., ‘deed’. 2890b. Dēað: masc. nom.sg., ‘death’. bið: is: pres. 3sg. of bēon, anom. sēlla: = sēlra: better, superior; compar. of gōd, adj., ‘good’. 2891a. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman, warrior. ġehwylcum: masc. dat.sg. of ġehwylċ, pron., each; w.gen.pl. 2891b. þonne: conj., than. edwīt-līf: neut. nom.sg., ‘disgraceful life’, life of shame.

240

XL

XL・ Heht ðā þæt heaðo-weorc tō hagan bīodan

2895

2900

2905

 それから彼は命じた、闘いの様子を  砦に伝えるように

up ofer eċġ-clif, þǣr þæt eorl-weorod

上の絶壁の向こうにある、 そこでは部隊が

morgen-longne dæġ mōd-ġiōmor sæt,

午前中ずっと 心悲しく座していた、

bord-hæbbende, bēġa on wēnum,

2895

楯持つ武士たちが 両方を予想して、

ende-dōgores ond eft-cymes

死と 帰還の

lēofes monnes. Lӯt swīgode

愛する人 (B) の。 殆ど黙ってはおらず、

nīwra spella sē ðe næs ġerād,

新しい報せを 岬を駆け上った者〔伝令〕は ,

ac hē sōðlīċe sæġde ofer ealle:

真実を 皆に聞こえるように述べた：

“Nū is wil-ġeofa Wedra lēoda,

2900 『今や喜びをもたらす方 ウェデラスの民に、

dryhten Ġēata dēað-bedde fæst,

イェーアタスの君は、 死の床に縛られ、

wunað wæl-reste wyrmes dǣdum;

殺戮の床に繋がれておられる、 龍の仕業のため；

him on efn liġeð ealdor-ġewinna

その傍らに横たわっている 不倶戴天の敵が

s[e]x-bennum sēoc; sweorde ne meahte

短剣の傷を病んで； 太刀ではできなかった

on ðām āglǣċean ǣniġe þinga

2905

その怪物に なんとかして

2892a. Heht: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order. ðā: adv., then. þæt: ‘the, that’. heaðo-weorc: neut. acc.sg., ‘warwork’. 2892b. hagan: dat.sg. of haga, wk. masc., entrenchment. bīodan: = bēo-: st.2, to announce. 2893a. ofer: prep., ‘over’. eċġ-clif: neut. acc.sg., ‘edge cliff’. 2893b. þǣr: rel. adv., where. þæt: ‘the, that’: neut. nom.sg. eorlweorod: neut. nom.sg., ‘warriors-band’. 2894a. morgen-longne: masc. acc.sg. of morgen-long, adj., ‘morninglong’. dæġ: masc. acc.sg., ‘day’. 2894b. mōd-ġiōmor: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘mind-sad’. sæt: pret. 3sg. of sittan, st.5, to ‘sit’. 2895a. bord-hæbbende: masc. nom.pl., ‘shield bearer’. 2895b. bēġa: neut. gen. of bēġen, both. wēnum: dat.pl. of wēn, fem., expectation [ween]. 2896a. ende-dōgores: gen.sg. of ende-dōgor, neut., ‘end (= death)-day’. 2896b. eft-cymes: gen.sg. of eft-cyme, masc., ‘back-coming’. 2897a. lēofes: masc. gen.sg. of lēof, adj., dear. monnes: gen.sg. of mon(n), masc., ‘man’. 2897b. Lӯt: adv., ‘little’. swīgode: pret. 3sg. of swīgian, wk.2, to be silent [G. schweigen]; w.gen. 2898a. nīwra: neut. gen.pl. of nīwe, adj., ‘new’. spella: gen.pl. of spel(l), neut., message [spell]. 2898b. sē ðe: rel. pron., he who. næs: masc. acc.sg., ‘ness’. ġerād: pret. 3sg. of ġerīdan, st.1, to ‘ride’ (up to). 2899a. ac: conj., (not...) but. sōðlīċe: adv., ‘soothly’. 2899b. sæġde: pret. 3sg. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’. ofer ealle: ‘in the hearing of them all’ (Jack’s Notes, p. 194). ealle: masc. acc.pl. of eal(l), ‘all’. 2900a. Nū: adv., ‘now’; see Com. wil-ġeofa: wk. masc. nom.sg, ‘gracious-giver’. 2900b. Wedra: gen. of Wederas. lēoda: gen. of lēode, masc., pl., people. 2901a. dryhten: masc. nom.sg, lord. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. 2901b. dēað-bedde: dat. sg. of dēað-bed(d), neut., ‘death-bed’. fæst: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘fast’, fixed; w.dat. 2902a. wunað: pres. 3sg. of wunian, wk.2, to inhabit; w.acc. wæl-reste: acc.sg. of wæ l-rest, fem., ‘slaughter-bed’. 2902b. wyrmes: gen.sg. of wyrm, masc., dragon. dǣdum: dat.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’. 2903a. on efn: beside [even; G. neben]; w. preceding dat. liġeð: pres. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’ dead. 2903b. ealdor-ġewinna: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘life (= mortal)enemy’. 2904a. s[e]x-bennum: dat.pl. of sex-benn, fem., ‘dagger-wound’: MS siex; emended by Holthausen. sēoc: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘sick’. 2904b. sweorde: instr.-dat.sg. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. ne: adv., not. meahte: ‘might’, could: pret. 3sg. 2905a. ðām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. āglǣċean: dat.sg. of āglǣ ċa, wk. masc., monster. 2905b. ǣniġe þinga: in any way. ǣniġe: neut. instr.sg. of ǣ niġ. þinga: gen.pl. of þing, neut., ‘thing’.

241

wunde ġewyrċean. Wīġlāf siteð

傷を負わせることは。 ウィーラーフは座して、

ofer Bīowulfe, byre Wīhstānes,

ベーオウルフの傍らに、 ウェーオホスターンの息子は、

eorl ofer ōðrum unlifiġendum,

貴人がもう一人の貴人の 死せる傍らに、

193r

healdeð hiġe-mǣðum |hēafod-wearde

心弱って番をしている 通夜の

2910

lēofes ond lāðes. Nū ys lēodum wēn

2915

2910

愛する人と憎きものとの。 今や国民には予想される

orleġ-hwīle, syððan under[ne]

戦時の訪れが、 何故なら隠せぬ以上、

Froncum ond Frӯsum fyll cyninges

フランク族とフリージア人に 国王の死が

wīde weorðeð. Wæs sīo wrōht sċepen

知れ渡る以上。 戦が行なわれた

heard wið Hūgas, syððan Hiġelāc cwōm

フーガスに対し激しい、 ヒュエラークが侵攻したとき、

faran flot-herġe on Frēsna land,

2915

水軍を引き連れて フリージア人の国土に、

þǣr hyne Hetware hilde ġenǣġdon,

そこでヘトワレが彼を 戦で攻め、

elne ġeēodon mid ofer-mæġene,

勝る力で 勇敢にも可能にした 

þæt se byrn-wiga būgan sċeolde,

鎧着た武将 (Hy) が 屈することを、

fēoll on fēðan; nalles frætwe ġeaf

歩兵の間に倒れたのだった； 宝を与えられなくなった

2906a. wunde: acc.sg. of wund, fem., ‘wound’. ġewyrċean: wk.1, to inflict (on). 2906b. siteð: pres. 3sg. of sittan, st.5, to ‘sit’. 2907a. ofer: prep., ‘over’, above. Bīowulfe: dat. 2907b. byre: masc. nom.sg., son. Wīhstānes: = Wēoh-: gen. 2908a. eorl: masc. nom.sg., nobleman. ōðrum: masc. dat.sg. of ōðer, adj., another; earl to be supplied. 2908b. unlifiġendum: masc. dat.sg. of un-lifiġende, ‘un-living’. 2909a. healdeð: pres. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, guard. hiġe-mǣðum: dat.pl. of hiġe-mǣ ðu, wk. fem., ‘heart-weariness’. 2909b. hēafod-wearde: acc.sg. of hēafod-weard, fem., ‘head-ward’, death-watch. 2910a. lēofes: masc. gen.sg. of lēof, adj., dear (one). lāðes: masc. gen.sg. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’ (one). 2910b. lēodum: dat.pl. of lēode pl., people. wēn: fem. nom.sg., prospect [ween]. 2911a. orleġ-hwīle: gen.sg. of orleġ-hwīl, fem., ‘war-time’. 2911b. syððan: conj., ‘since’. under[ne]: adj., masc. nom.sg., un-hidden; MS under; emended by Grein. 2912a. Froncum: dat. of Francan, wk. masc. pl., the Franks. Frӯsum: dat. of Frȳsan, wk. masc. pl., the Frisians. 2912b. fyll: masc. nom.sg., fall. cyninges: gen.sg. of cyning, masc., ‘king’. 2913a. wīde: adv., far and wide. weorðeð: pres. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, to be. 2913b. sīo: the, that: fem. nom.sg. wrōht: fem. nom.sg., strife. sċepen: pp. of sċyppan, st.6, to create, ‘shape’. 2914a. heard: adj., fem. nom.sg., severe [hard]. wið: prep., against. Hūgas: masc. acc.pl., the Franks. 2914b. syððan: see 2911b. cwōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 2915a. faran: st.6, to ‘fare’, raid. flot-herġe: dat.sg. of flot-here, masc., ‘ship-army’. 2915b. on: prep., w.acc., into. Frēsna: gen. of Frēsan, Frȳsan; see above. land: neut. acc.sg., ‘land’. 2916a. þǣr: rel. adv., where. hyne: ‘him’, i.e. Hygelac: acc. Hetware: masc. nom.pl., Frankish people on the lower Rhine. 2916b. hilde: dat.sg. of hild, fem., battle. ġenǣġdon pret. 3pl. of ġenǣ gan, wk.1, to attack; MS gehnæ gdon.; emended by Grein. 2917a. elne: dat.sg. of ellen, neut., courage. ġeēodon: pret. 3pl. of ġegān, anom., to bring about; w. þæ t-clause. 2917b. mid: prep., with, by means of. ofer-mæġene: dat.sg. of ofer-mæ ġen, neut., ‘over-might’, superior force. 2918a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. byrn-wiga: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘mailed warrior’, i.e. Hygelac. 2918b. būgan: st.2, to ‘bow’ down. sċeolde: ‘should’, was to: pret. 3sg. 2919a. fēoll: pret. 3sg. of feallan, st.7, to ‘fall’. on: prep., among. fēðan: dat.sg. of fēþa, wk. masc., band of ‘foot’ soldiers. 2919b. nalles: adv., not at all. frætwe: fem. acc.pl., treasures; M & R (p. 150) regard this as the necklace Wealhtheow gave to Beowulf (1195b–96), but fræ twe seems to be rather general ones. ġeaf: pret. 3sg.of ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’.

242

2920

2925

2930

ealdor dugoðe. Ūs wæs ā syððan

2920

王は家来たちに。 以後ずっと我々には

Merewīoingas milts unġyfeðe.

メロヴィンガスの 好意は示されなかった。

Nē iċ te Swēo-ðēode sibbe oððe trēowe

私はスウェーデンからも 平和と信義を

wihte ne wēne, ac wæs wīde cūð,

少しも期待しない； 広く知れ渡っていた、

þætte Ongenðīo ealdre besnyðede

オンゲンセーオウが 命を奪ったことは

Hæðcen Hrēþling wið Hrefnawudu,

2925

フレーゼルの息子のハスキュンから 鴉森で、

þā for onmēdlan ǣrest ġesōhton

高慢から 最初攻めたとき

Ġēata lēode Gūð-Sċilfingas.

イェーアタスの国民が 「戦の」シュルヴィンガスを。

Sōna him se frōda fæder Ōhtheres,

すぐに彼に賢い オーホトヘレの父親 (On) は、

eald ond eġesfull, [o]ndslyht āġeaf,

年取って怖い人は、 反撃して、

ābrēot brim-wīsan, brӯd ahe[red]de,

2930

海の武将 (Hæ) を切り倒し、 妻を救出した、

gomela iō-mēowlan golde berofene,

老武者は年配の女性を 金の飾りを奪われた、

Onelan mōdor ond Ōhtheres;

オネラと オーホトヘレの母君を；

2920a. ealdor: masc. nom.sg., prince. dugoðe: dat.sg. of duguð, fem., band of veteran retainers. 2920b. ā: adv., always. syððan: adv., ‘since’, afterwards. 2921a. Merewīoingas: = -es: gen. of Merewīoing, masc., Merovingian, i.e. the Frankish king; -as is a late form. 2921b. milts: fem. nom.sg., good-will. unġyfeðe: adj. fem. nom.sg., ‘not granted’. 2922a. Ne: adv., not. te: prep., from, at; a weakened form of tō. Swēo-ðēode: dat.sg. of Swēo-ðēod, fem., the Swedish people. 2922b. sibbe: gen.sg. of sib(b), fem., friendship, peace. oððe: conj., or. trēowe: gen.sg. of trēow, fem., good faith. 2923a. wihte: adv., in any way; ‘in no way’ with ne. wēne: pres. 1sg. of wēnan, wk.1, to expect; w.gen. & te = tō (from). 2923b. wīde: adv., widely. cūð: adj., well known, pp. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know. 2924a. þætte: conj., that. Ongenðīo: masc. nom., Swedish king. 2924b. ealdre: dat.sg. of (e)aldor, neut., life. besnyðede: pret. 3sg. of be-snyððan, wk.1, to deprive; w.dat. ‘of’. 2925a. Hæðcen: = Hæ ðcyn, masc. acc., Geatish prince, second son of Hrethel. Hrēþling: masc. acc.sg., a descendant of Hrethel; appositive to Hæ ðcen. 2925b. wið: prep., near, in. Hrefnawudu: masc. acc.sg., ‘Ravenswood’. 2926a. þā: conj., when. for: prep., out of, because of. onmēdlan: dat.sg. of on-mēdla, wk. masc., arrogance. 2926b. ǣrest: adv., first, supl. of ǣ r, early. ġesōhton: pret. 3pl. of ġesēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’, attack. 2927a. Ġēata: gen.pl. of Ġēatas. lēode: neut. nom.pl. people. 2927b. Gūð-Sċilfingas: masc. acc.pl., ‘War-Scylfingas’. 2928a. Sōna: adv., at once [soon]. him: ‘him’, i.e. Hæthcyn: dat. frōda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of frōd, adj., old and wise. 2928b. fæder: masc. nom.sg., ‘father’. Ōhtheres: gen. of Ōhthere, masc., son of the Swedish king Ongentheow. 2929a. eald: adj. masc. nom.sg., ‘old’. eġesfull: adj., terrible, dreadful. 2929b. [o]ndslyht: masc. acc.sg., counter-blow; MS hondslyht; emended by Grein. āġeaf: pret. 3sg. of ā-ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’ (in return). 2930a. ābrēot: pret. 3sg. of ā-brēotan, st.2, to kill, destroy. brim-wīsan: acc.sg. of brim-wīsa, wk. masc., ‘sea-leader’. 2930b. brӯd: fem. acc.sg., wife [bride]. āh[red]de: pret. 3sg. of ā-hreddan, wk.1, rescue; MS bryda heorde; emended by Bugge. 2931a. gomela: wk. adj., fem. acc.sg., old (one), aged; refers to Ongentheow; Jack (p. 196) suggests the emendation to gomelan ‘old’ agreeing with iō-mēowlan ‘woman of a former day’. iō-mēowlan: acc.sg. of ġeō-mēowle, wk. fem., ‘old woman or wife’. 2931b. golde: dat. sg. of gold, neut., ‘gold’. berofene: fem. acc.sg., pp. of be-rēofan, st.2, to deprive; w.dat. ‘of’. 2932a. Onelan: gen. of Onela, wk. masc., son of Ongenþeow. mōdor: fem. acc.sg., ‘mother’. 2932b. Ōhtheres: gen. of Ōhthere, masc., Onela’s elder brother.

243

2935

193v

2940

2945

ond ðā folgode feorh-ġenīðlan,

それから彼は追撃した 不倶戴天の敵軍 (G) を、

oð ðæt hī oðēodon earfoðlīċe

ついに彼らは逃げ込んだ やっとこさ

in Hrefnesholt hlāford-lēase.

2935

鴉森の中へ 主君を失い。

Besæt ðā sin-herġe sweorda lāfe

すると彼は常備軍で包囲した 剣の生き残り〔残党〕を、

wundum wērġe; |wēan oft ġehēt

負傷して疲れ切った； 惨めな連中を時々脅して、

earmre teohhe ondlonge niht,

哀れな部隊を 一晩中、

cwæð, hē on merġenne mēċes eċġum

彼 (Ongentheow) は言った、朝には 刀の刃で、

ġētan wolde sum[e] on galg-trēowu[m]

2940

殺してしまうと、 何人かは縛り首の木で

[fuglum] tō gamene. Frōfor eft ġelamp

鳥の喜び〔餌食〕として。 援軍が戻って来た

sāriġ-mōdum somod ǣr-dæġe,

心悲しい人々に 夜明けと共に、

syððan hīe Hyġelāces horn ond bӯman,

彼らがヒュエラークの 角笛とラッパを、

ġealdor onġēaton, þā se gōda cōm

合図の音を聞いたとき、 その時英雄は来たのだ

lēoda dugoðe on lāst faran.

2945

国民の精鋭を連れ 跡を辿って。

2933a. ðā: adv., then. folgode: pret. 3sg. of folgian, wk.2, to ‘follow’, pursue; w.dat. 2933b. feorh-ġenīðlan: dat. pl. of feorh-ġenīðla, wk. masc., ‘life (= mortal)-enemy’. 2934a. oð ðæt: conj., until. hī: ‘they’. oðēodon: pret. 3pl. of oð-gān, anom., to ‘go away’, escape.

2934b.

earfoðlīċe: adv., with difficulty

2935a.

in: prep., into.

Hrefnesholt: neut. acc., ‘Ravenswood’. 2935b. hlāford-lēase: masc. nom.pl. of hlāford-lēas, adj., ‘lord-less’. 2936a. Besæt: pret. 3sg. of be-sittan, st.5, to surround. ðā: adv., then. sin-herġe: dat.sg. of sin-here, masc., ‘standing army’; cf. sin-, ‘continual’. 2936b. sweorda: gen.pl. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. lāfe: acc.sg. of lāf, fem., remnant. 2937a. wundum: dat.pl. of wund, fem., ‘wound’. wērġe: fem. acc.sg. of wēriġ, adj., ‘weary’. 2937b. wēan: acc.sg. of wēa, wk. masc., ‘woe’. oft: adv., ‘often. ġehēt: pret. 3sg. ġehātan, st.7, to threaten. 2938a. earmre: fem. dat.sg. of earm, adj., wretched. teohhe: dat.sg. of teoh(h), fem., band. 2938b. ondlonge: fem. acc.sg. of and-lang, adj., entire [cf. along; G. entlang]. niht: fem. acc.sg., ‘night’; adverbial. 2939a. cwæð: pret. 3sg. of cweðan, st.5, to say [quoth]. on: prep., in. merġenne: dat.sg. of morgen, masc., ‘morn(ing)’ [G. Morgen]. 2939b. mēċes: gen.sg. of mēċe, masc., sword. eċġum: dat.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’. 2940a. ġētan: wk 1., to kill. wolde: ‘would’, wanted: 3sg. 2940b. sum[e]: ‘some’: masc. acc.pl.; MS sum; emended by Thorpe. on: prep., ‘on’. galgtrēowu[m]: dat.pl. of galg-trēow, neut., ‘gallows-tree’; MS galg treowu; emended by Kemble. 2941a. [fuglum]: dat.pl. of fugol, masc. ‘fowl’; no gap in MS; supplied by Thorpe. tō: prep., for, as. gamene: dat.sg. of gamen, neut., joy [game]. 2941b. Frōfor: fem. / masc., relief. eft: adv., back. ġelamp: pret. 3sg. of ġelimpan, st.3, to happen. 2942a. sāriġ-mōdum: masc. dat.pl. of sāriġ-mōd, adj., sad-minded (one). 2942b. somod: prep., simultaneously, at. ǣr-dæġe: dat.sg. of ǣ r-dæ ġ, masc., ‘early-day’, daybreak. 2943a. syððan: conj., when. hīe: ‘they’. Hyġelāces: gen.sg. of Hyġelāc. 2943b. horn: masc. acc.sg., ‘horn’. bӯman: acc.sg. of bȳme, wk. fem., trumpet. 2944a. ġealdor: neut. acc.sg., sound. onġēaton: pret. 3pl. of on-ġitan, st.5, to hear. 2944b. þā: conj., when. se: ‘the, that’: masc. nom.sg. gōda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of gōd, adj., brave (one), i.e. Hygelac. cōm: pret. 3sg. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’; w. inf. 2945a. lēoda: gen, of lēode, pl., people. dugoðe: dat.sg. of duguð, fem., band of tried warriors. 2945b. on lāst faran: following, going behind. lāst: masc. acc.sg., track [last]. faran: st.6, to go, ‘fare’; inf.; with a verb of motion.

244

XLI・

XLI

Wæs sīo swāt-swaðu Sw[ē]ona ond Ġēata,

2950

2955

 血の跡が スウェーデンとイェーアタスの、

wæl-rǣs weora, wīde ġesȳne,

人々〔互い〕の殺戮が、 広く見られた、

hū ðā folc mid him fǣhðe tōwehton!

両国民が相手に 敵意を目覚めさせた様が。

Ġewāt him ðā se gōda mid his gædelingum,

すると勇敢な王は出発した 彼の家来を連れて、

frōd fela-ġeōmor, fæsten sēċean,

2950

賢明なる王はひどく悲しく 砦めざして、

eorl Ongenþīo ufor onċirde;

オンゲンセーオウ王は 高台に後退したのだった。

hæfde Hiġelāces hilde ġefrūnen,

彼はヒュエラークの 勇気を聞いていた、

wlonces wīġ-cræft; wiðres ne truwode,

高慢な者の戦力を； 抗戦に自信がなかった

þæt hē sǣ-mannum onsacan mihte,

海兵隊に 刃向かえる、

heaðo-līðendum hord forstandan,

2955

水兵たちから 宝庫を守れる、

bearn ond brȳde; bēah eft þonan

息子たちと妻たちを； そこから退却した

eald under eorð-weall. Þā wæs ǣht boden

老いた者は土塁の蔭に。 すると追い撃ちがかけられた

Swēona lēodum, seġn Hiġelāce[s]

スウェーデン人たちに、 ヒュエラークの軍旗は

2946a. sīo: the, that: fem. nom.sg. swāt-swaðu: fem. nom.sg., ‘bloody trail’ [cf. sweat]. 2946b. Sw[ē]ona: gen. of Swēon, wk. masc. pl., the Swedes; MS swona; emended by Thorkelin. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas, masc. pl. 2947a. wæl-rǣs: masc. nom.sg., ‘deadly conflict’. weora: gen.pl. of wer, masc., man. 2947b. wīde: adv., widely. ġesӯne: adj., visible. 2948a. hū: conj ., ‘how’. ðā: the, those: neut. nom.pl. folc: neut. nom.pl., ‘folk’, people. mid: prep., with. him: ‘him’: dat. 2948b. fǣhðe: acc.sg. of fǣ hð(o), fem., ‘feud’, enmity. tōwehton: pret. 3pl. of tō-weċċan, wk.1, to ‘wake up’. 2949a. Ġewāt: pret. 3sg of gewītan, st.1, to depart; w. inf. him: ‘him’: dat.; refl. ðā: adv., then. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. gōda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of gōd, adj., ‘good’, brave (one). 2949b. his: ‘his’: gen. gædelingum: dat.pl. of gæ deling, masc. companion. 2950a. frōd: adj., masc. nom.sg., old and wise (one). felaġeōmor: adj., very sad. 2950b. fæsten: neut. acc.sg., fastness, stronghold. sēċean: wk.1, to ‘seek’. 2951a. eorl: masc. nom.sg., nobleman; appositive to Ongentheow. Ongenþīo: = -ēo: masc. nom., Swedish king. 2951b. ufor: adv. compar., farther away. onċirde: pret. 3sg. of on-ċirran, wk.1, to turn around. 2952a. hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. Hiġelāces: gen. of Hiġelāc. 2952b. hilde: acc.sg. of hild, fem., valour. ġefrūnen: pp. of gefriġnan, st.3, to hear of. 2953a. wlonces: gen.sg. of wlonc, adj., proud, bold (one). wīġ-cræft: masc. acc.sg., ‘war-craft’, prowess. 2953b. wiðres: gen.sg. of wiðre, neut., resistance. ne: adv., not. truwode: pret. 3sg. of truwian, wk.2, to trust, have faith in; w.gen. 2954a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; introduces the clause amplifying wiðres. sǣmannum: dat.pl. of sǣ -mann, masc., ‘seaman’. 2954b. on-sacan: st.6, to resist, fight off. mihte: pret. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can. 2955a. heaðo-līðendum: dat.pl. of heaþo-līðende, pres. part., masc., ‘war-sailor’. 2955b. hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘hoard’. for-standan: st.6, to ‘stand (= defend) against’. 2956a. bearn: neut. / masc. acc.pl., child. brӯde: acc.pl. of brȳd, fem., ‘bride’, wife. 2956b. bēah: pret. 3sg. of būgan, st.2, to flee, retreat [bow]. eft: adv., back again. þonan: adv., ‘thence’. 2957a. eald: adj., ‘old’ (one). under: prep., to the inside of. eorð-weall: masc. acc.sg., ‘earth-wall’, fortress. 2957b. Þā: adv., then. ǣht: fem. nom.sg., pursuit, chase; cf. ēhtan to pursue. boden: pp. of bēodan, st.2, to offer. 2958a. Swēona: gen. of Swēon. lēodum: dat.of lēode, masc. pl., people. 2958b. seġn: masc. / neut. nom. pl., banner, standard. Hiġelāce[s]: gen. of Hiġelāc; see 2952a; MS higelace; emended by Kemble.

245

freoðo-wong þone forð oferēodon, 2960

syððan Hrēðlingas tō hagan þrungon.

退却地を 撃破しに進軍し、 2960

ついにフレーゼルの息子たちは 塹壕に迫った。

Þǣr wearð Ongenðīow eċġum sweord[a],

そこではオンゲンセーオウは 刀の刃で、

blonden-fexa on bid wrecen,

白髪の人は、 追い詰められた、

þæt se þēod-cyning ðafian sċeolde

そのため国王は 受けねばならなかった

194r

Eafores |ānne dōm. Hyne yrringa

エオヴォルの制裁だけは。 怒って彼 (O) を

2965

Wulf Wonrē[d]ing wǣpne ġerǣhte,

2970

2965

ウォンレードの子のウルフは 武器で打った、

þæt him for swenġe swāt ǣdrum sprong

そのため打撃をくらって 血が血管から噴出した、

forð under fexe. Næs hē forht swā ðēh,

頭髪の下から出てきた。 だが彼は恐れなかった、

gomela Sċilfing, ac forġeald hraðe

老いたシュルヴィングは すばやく打ち返した

wyrsan wrixle wæl-hlem þone,

より烈しく応酬して 殺しの一撃を、

syððan ðēod-cyning þyder onċirde.

2970

Ne meahte se snella sunu Wonrēdes

国王は 振り向きざま。 大胆な者はできなかった、 ウォンレードの子は、

2959a. freoðo-wong: masc. acc.sg., ‘safety-field’, fastness. þone: the, that: masc. acc.sg.; postpositioned. 2959b. forð: adv., ‘forth’. oferēodon: pret. 3pl. of ofer-gān, anom., to overrun (usually), to traverse. 2960a. syððan: conj., when. Hrēðlingas: Geatas: nom.pl. of Hrēþling, masc., a descendant of Hrethel. 2960b. hagan: dat.sg. of haga, wk. masc., entrenchment. þrungon: pret. 3pl. of þringan, st.3, to throng, press forward. 2961a. Þǣr: adv., ‘there’. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, aux., to be Ongenðīow: nom.; see 2951a. 2961b. eċġum: instr.-dat.pl. of eċġ, fem., ‘edge’. sweord[a]: gen.pl. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’; MS sweordum; emended by Kemble. 2962a. blondenfexa: wk. masc. nom.sg. of blonden-feax, adj., ‘grey-haired’ (one). 2962b. on: prep., w.acc., to, into. bid: neut. acc. sg., stop. wrecen: pp. of wrecan, st. 5, to drive out; on bid wrecen, ‘brought to bay’ (Klaeber’s Gloss). 2963a. þæt: conj., so that. þēod-cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘people-king’. 2963b. ðafian: wk.2, to submit to. sċeolde: pret. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., to have to, be to. 2964a. Eafores: gen. of Eofor, masc., a Geat, slayer of Ongentheow. ānne: masc. acc.sg. of ān, ‘one’; only. dōm: masc. acc.sg., judgement. 2964b. Hyne: ‘him’: acc. yrringa: adv., angrily. 2965a. Wulf: masc. nom., a Geat warrior. Wonrēding: masc. nom.sg., son of Wonred; Kiernan reads MS as won reðing: appositive to Wulf. 2965b. wǣpne: instr.-dat.sg. of wǣ pen, neut., ‘weapon’. ġerǣhte: pret. 3sg. of ġerǣ ċan, wk.1, to hit [reach]. 2966a. þæt: conj., so that. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. for: prep., because of. swenġe: dat.sg. of swenġ, masc., ‘swing’, blow. 2966b. swāt: masc. nom.sg., blood. ǣdrum: dat.pl. of ǣ d(e)r, fem., stream [G. Ader]. sprong: pret. 3sg. of springan, st.3, to ‘spring’. 2967a. forð: see 2959b. fexe: dat.sg. of feax, neut., hair. 2967b. Næs: ‘was not’. forht: adj., afraid. swā ðēh: adv., nevertheless. 2968a. gomela: wk. of gamol, gomol, adj., old, aged. Sċilfing: masc. nom.sg., a member of the Swedish dynasty, i.e. Ongentheow. 2968b. ac: conj., but, on the contrary. forġeald: pret. 3sg. of for-ġyldan, st.3, to repay, requite. hraðe: adv., quickly. 2969a. wyrsan: fem. dat. sg. of compar., wyrsa, ‘worse’. wrixle: dat.sg. of wrixl, fem., exchange. 2969b. wæl-hlem: acc.sg. of wæ l-hlemm, masc., ‘slaughter-stroke’. þone: the, that: masc. acc.sg.; postpositioned 2970a. syððan: conj., as soon as. ðēodcyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘people-king’. 2970b. þyder: adv., from there. onċirde: pret. 3sg. of on-ċirran, wk.1, to turn around. 2971a. meahte: pret. 3sg. of magan, pret.-pres., can. snella: wk. masc. nom.sg. of snell, adj., brave (one) [snell; G schnell]. 2971b. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’; refers to Wulf. Wonrēdes: gen. of Wonrēd, masc., father of Wulf and Eofor.

246

2975

2980

ealdum ċeorle [o]ndslyht ġiofan,

年取った武士に お返しの一撃を与えることは、

ac hē him on hēafde helm ǣr ġesċer,

彼 (On) は彼 (W) の頭の 兜を刺し貫いたので、

þæt hē blōde fāh būgan sċeolde,

彼は血に染まって 臥せざるをえなくなり、

fēoll on foldan. Næs hē fǣġe þā ġīt,

2975

地面に倒れた。 だが彼はまだ死ぬ運命にはなく、

ac hē hyne ġewyrpte, þēah ðe him wund hrine.

彼は立ち直った、 傷は痛んだけれど。

Lēt se hearda Hiġelāces þeġn

勇敢な ヒュエラークの近侍の武士 (E) は

brād[n]e mēċe, þā his brōðor læġ,

幅広の刀が、 彼の兄弟 (W) が横たわったとき、

eald-sweord eotonisċ entisċne helm

巨人の作なる古刀が 巨人の作なる兜を、

brecan ofer bord-weal; ðā ġebēah cyning,

2980

防御の楯の上から、割るに任せた； すると王は倒れた、

folces hyrde, wæs in feorh dropen.

国民の保護者は 致命傷を負って。

Ðā wǣron moniġe, þē his mǣġ wriðon,

その時大勢いた、  彼 (E) の身内 (W) の傷に包帯を巻き、

ricone ārǣrdon, ðā him ġerȳmed wearð,

素早く彼を抱き起こした者たちが、 許されたとき

þæt hīe wæl-stōwe wealdan mōston.

彼らが戦場を 支配することが。

2972a.

ealdum: masc. dat.sg. of eald, adj., ‘old’.

ċeorle: dat.sg. of ċeorl, masc., warrior [churl].

2972b.

[o]ndslyht: masc. acc.sg., ‘counter-blow’; MS hond slyht; emended by Kemble. ġiofan: = ġiefan: st.5, to ‘give’. 2973a. ac: conj., but. him: ‘him’: poss. dat. hēafde: dat.sg. of hēafod, neut., ‘head’. 2973b. helm: masc. acc.sg., ‘helmet’. ǣr: adv., before ġesċer: pret. 3sg. of ġesċeran, st.4, to cut through [shear]. 2974a. þæt: conj., so that. blōde: dat.sg. of blōd, neut., ‘blood’. fāh: adj., stained. 2974b. būgan: st.2, to ‘bow’ down, collapse. sċeolde: ‘should’, had to: pret. 3sg. 2975a. fēoll: pret. 3sg. of feallan, st.7, to ‘fall’. on: prep., to, on to. foldan: acc.sg. of folde, wk. fem., ground. 2975b. Næs: ‘was not’. fǣġe: adj., fated, doomed to die. þā ġīt: adv., yet. 2976a. ac: conj., (not...) but. hyne: him: acc.; refl. ġewyrpte: pret. 3sg. of ġewyrpan, wk.1, to revive, recover; with refl. 2976b. þēah ðe: conj., ‘though’; usually with subj. him: ‘him’: dat.; object. wund: fem. nom.sg., ‘wound’. hrine: pret. subj. 3sg. of hrīnan, st.1, to hurt; w.dat. 2977a. Lēt: pret. 3sg. of lǣ tan, st.7, to ‘let’, allow; w.acc. & inf. hearda: wk. masc. nom.sg. of heard, adj., ‘hard’, strong, brave. 2977b. Hiġelāces: gen. of Hiġelāc. þeġn: masc. nom.sg., ‘thane’, i.e. Eafor. 2978a. brād[n]e: masc. acc.sg. of brād, adj., ‘broad’; MS brade; emended by Thorpe. mēċe: masc. acc.sg., sword, blade. 2978b. þā: conj., when. brōðor: masc. nom.sg., ‘brother’, i.e. Wulf. læġ: pret. 3sg. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’ down. 2979a. eald-sweord: neut. acc. sg., ‘old sword’. eotonisċ: adj., neut. acc.sg., giant-made. 2979b. entisċne: masc. acc.sg. of entisċ, adj., giant-made. helm: masc. acc.sg., ‘helmet’. 2980a. brecan: st.4, to ‘break’ apart. ofer: prep., ‘over’. bord-weal: masc. acc.sg., ‘shield-wall’, protecting shield. 2980b. ðā: adv., then. ġebēah: pret. 3sg. of ġebūgan, st.2, to ‘bow’ down, fall. cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘king’. 2981a. folces: gen.sg. of folc, neut., ‘folk’, people. hyrde: masc. nom.sg., guardian, ‘herd’. 2981b. in: prep., to, in. feorh: neut. acc.sg., life. dropen: pp. of drepan, st. 5, to strike, hit; in feorh dropen, ‘mortally wounded’ (Klaeber’s Gloss). 2982a. Ðā: adv., then. wǣron: ‘were’: 3pl. moniġe: masc. nom.pl. of moniġ, adj., ‘many’ (people). 2982b. þē: rel. particle., who. mǣġ: masc. acc.sg., kinsman. wriðon: pret. 3pl. of wrīþan, st.1, to bind up, wrap [writhe]. 2983a. ricone: adv., quickly, at once. ārǣrdon: pret. 3pl. of ā-rǣ ran, wk.1, to raise up [rear]. 2983b. ðā: conj., when. him: them: dat. ġerӯmed: pp. of ġerȳman, wk.1, to allow [cf. room]. wearð: pret. 3sg. of weorðan, st.3, aux., to be. 2984a. þæt: conj., that. hīe: they. wæl-stōwe: dat.sg. of wæ l-stōw, fem., ‘slaughter-place’, killing field. 2984b. wealdan: st.7, to control [wield]; w.dat. mōston: pret. 3pl. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, be allowed.

247

2985

Þenden rēafode rinc ōðerne,

2885

その間に略奪した、 武士 (E) がもう一人 (O) から、

nam on Ongenðīo īren-byrnan,

オンゲンセーオウから取った、 鉄の鎧と

heard swyrd hilted, ond his helm somod;

柄付の丈夫な剣と 彼の兜も一緒に；

hāres hyrste Hiġelāce bær.

白髪の人の武具を ヒュエラークのもとに運んだ。

2989

H[ē] ð[ām] frætwum fēng ond him fæġre ġehēt

彼は宝飾を受取り、 彼らに立派に約束した

194v

lēana [mid] |lēodum, ond ġelǣst[e] swā;

2995

2990

報酬を国民の間で、 そして本当に実行した；

ġeald þone gūð-rǣs Ġēata dryhten,

激戦に酬いた イェーアタスの王は、

Hrēðles eafora, þā hē tō hām becōm,

フレーゼルの息子は、 彼が帰国したとき、

Iofore ond Wulfe mid ofer-māðmum;

エオヴォルとウルフに 豊富な宝を以て；

sealde hiora ġehwæðrum hund þūsenda

彼らのどちらにも賜った 10 万（シェアタス） の

landes ond locenra bēaga; ne ðorfte him ðā lēan

2995

oðwītan

土 地 と 宝 環 を； 彼 ら の 報 酬 に 難 癖 つ け る 必 要 は なかった

mon on middan-ġearde, syðða[n] hīe ðā mǣrða

中津国の何人も、彼らが名誉を戦で得た以上；

ġeslōgon; 2985a. Þenden: adv., meanwhile. rēafode: pret. 3sg. of rēafian, wk.2, to ‘reave’, plunder. 2985b. rinc: masc. nom. sg., man, warrior. ōðerne: masc. acc.sg. of ōðer, adj., the ‘other’ (man). 2986a. nam: pret. 3sg. of niman, st.4, to take, seize. on: prep., from, at. Ongenðīo: dat. of Ongenþēow. 2986b. īren-byrnan: acc.sg. of īren-byrne, wk. fem., ‘iron corslet’. 2987a. heard: adj. neut. acc.sg., ‘hard’. swyrd: neut. acc.sg., ‘sword’. hilted: adj., neut. acc. sg., ‘hilted’. 2987b. helm: masc. acc.sg., ‘helmet’. somod: adv., together. 2988a. hāres: masc. gen.sg. of hār, adj., ‘hoary’, grey. hyrste: acc.pl. of hyrst, fem., armour. 2988b. Hiġelāce: dat. bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to carry. 2989a. H[ē]: ‘he’. ð[ām]: the, those: dat.pl.; B h. ð..; restored by Grundtvig. frætwum: dat. of fræ twe, fem.pl., decorated armour or weapons. fēng: pret. 3sg. of fōn, st.7, to take; w.dat. 2989b. him: ‘them’, i.e. Eofor and Wulf: dat. fæġre: adv., ‘fairly’. ġehēt: pret. 3sg. of ġehātan, st.7, to promise; w.gen. 2990a. lēana: gen.pl. of lēan, neut., reward. [mid]: prep., among; MS lost entirely; restored by Grundtvig. lēodum: dat. of lēode, masc. pl., people. 2990b. ġelǣst[e]: pret. 3sg. of ġelǣ stan, wk.1, to fulfill; MS gelæ sta; emended by Kemble. swā.: adv., ‘so’. 2991a. ġeald: pret. 3st. of ġyldan, st.3, to pay. þone: the, that: acc. gūð-rǣs: masc. acc.sg., ‘war-storm’, attack. 2991b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. dryhten: masc. nom.sg., lord. 2992a. Hrēðles: gen. of Hrēþel. eafora: wk. masc. nom.sg., child, son. 2992b. þā: conj., when. hām: masc. dat.sg., ‘home’. becōm: pret. 3sg. of be-cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 2993a. Iofore: dat. of Eofor; see 2964a. Wulfe: dat. of Wulf; see 2965a. 2993b. mid: prep., with, by means of. ofer-māðmum: dat.pl. of ofer-māðum, masc., ‘over(= extravagant)-treasure’. 2994a. sealde: pret. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to give [sell]. hiora: their. ġehwæðrum: masc. dat.sg. of ġehwæ þer, pron., either, each (of two). 2994b. hund: ‘hundred’. þūsenda: acc.pl. of þūsend, neut., ‘thousand’. 2995a. landes: gen. of land, neut., ‘land’. locenra: pp., masc. gen.pl. of lūcan, st.2, to ‘lock’, link. bēaga: gen.pl. of bēag, masc., circular ornament, ring. 2995b. ne: not; see Com. ðorfte: pret. 3sg. of þurfan, pret.-pres., to need. him: them: dat. ðā: the, those: acc.pl. lēan: neut. acc. pl., reward. oð-wītan: st.1, to reproach, blame; w.dat. of person & acc. of thing. 2996a. mon: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. on: prep., in. middan-ġearde: dat.sg. of middan-ġeard, masc., middle-earth, the world. 2996b. syðða[n]: conj., when; MS syðða; emended by Grundtvig. hīe: they. ðā: see 2995b. mǣrða: acc.pl. of mǣ rðo, fem., fame, glory. ġeslōgon: pret. 3pl. of ġeslēan, st.6, to achieve.

248

ond ðā Iofore forġeaf āngan dohtor,

またその時エオヴォルに与えた 一人娘を、

hām-weorðunge, hyldo tō wedde.

家の誉れを、 好意の印として。

Þæt ys sīo fǣhðo ond se fēond-sċipe, 3000

3005

wæl-nīð wera, ðæs ðe iċ [wēn] hafo,

 それ〔問題〕は宿怨と 敵意、 3000

人々の憎悪である、 我が思うに、

þē ūs sēċeað tō Swēona lēoda,

我々に攻撃を仕掛けてくる以上 スウェーデンの国民が、

syððan hīe ġefriċġeað frēan ūserne

彼らが知るとき 我々の主君が

ealdor-lēasne, þone ðe ǣr ġehēold

命を落とされたと、 守ってこられた方が

wið hettendum hord ond rīċe

敵に対し 宝庫と王国を

æfter hæleða hryre, hwate Sċildingas,

3005

勇士らの死後、 （また）勇敢なシュルディンガスを守り、

folc-rēd fremede, oððe furður ġēn

その国民に援助を行ない、 さらには

eorl-sċipe efnde. [Nū] ofost betost,

武勇をなし遂げられた方が。 今や急ぐが最良だ、

þæt wē þēod-cyning þǣr sċēawian,

我らが国王（の亡骸）に そこでお別れをして、

ond þone ġebringan, þē ūs bēagas ġeaf,

お運びするのに、 我らに宝物を賜った方を、

2997a. ðā: adv., then. Iofore: dat. of Eofor. forġeaf: pret. 3sg. of for-ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’, grant. 2997b. āngan: fem. acc.sg. of anga, adj., only one. dohtor: fem. acc.sg., ‘daughter’. 2998a. hām-weorðunge: acc.sg. of hāmweorðung, fem., ‘home-honour’. 2998b. hyldo: wk. fem. gen.sg., favour, goodwill. tō: prep., for, as. wedde: dat. sg. of wed(d), neut., pledge, token. 2999a. Þæt: ‘that’, it: neut. nom.sg. ys: ‘is’. sīo: the, that: fem. nom.sg. fǣhðo: fem. nom.sg., ‘feud’, enmity. 2999b. se: the, that: masc. nom.sg. fēond-sċipe: masc. nom.sg., ‘fiend-ship’, hatred. 3000a. wæl-nīð: masc. nom.sg., ‘deadly hate’. wera: gen.pl. of wer, masc., man. 3000b. ðæs ðe: semi-conj., according to what (I think), as. [wēn]: fem. acc.sg., expectation [ween]; no gap in MS; supplied by Kemble; cf. 383b. hafo: = hæ bbe: pres. 1sg. of habban, wk.3, to ‘have’. 3001a. þē: semi-conj., when. ūs: ‘us’: dat. sēċeað: pres. 3pl. of sēċan, wk.1, to try to attack; with. tō. tō: prep., w.dat., at; postpositioned. 3001b. Swēona: gen. of Swēon, wk. masc. pl., Swedes. lēoda: nom. of lēode, masc. pl., people. 3002a. syððan: conj., when. hīe: they, i.e. Sweon. ġefriċġeað: pres. 3pl. of ġefriċġan, st.5, to learn, hear of. 3002b. frēan: acc.sg. of frēa, wk. masc., lord, king. ūserne: masc. acc.sg. of ūre, poss. adj., ‘our’. 3003a. ealdor-lēasne: masc. acc.sg. of (e)aldor-lēas, adj., ‘life-less’, dead. 3003b. þone ðe: rel. pron., who; agrees with frēan. ǣr: adv., before. ġehēold: pret. 3sg. of ġehealdan, st.7, to ‘hold’, keep. 3004a. wið: prep., against. hettendum: dat.pl. of hettend, masc., enemy [hate]. 3004b. hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘hoard’, treasure. rīċe: neut. acc.sg., kingdom [G. Reich]. 3005a. æfter: prep., w.dat., ‘after’; see Com. hæleða: gen.pl. of hæ leð, masc., hero, warrior. hryre: masc. dat.sg., fall, death. 3005b. hwate: masc. acc.pl. of hwæ t, adj., brave. Sċildingas: masc. acc.pl.; this line may refer to Beowulf ’s saving of Scyldingas from Grendel and his mother. 3006a. folc-rēd: masc. acc.sg., ‘folk-benefit’, the people’s good. fremede: pret. 3sg. of fremman, wk.1, to perform. 3006b. oððe: conj., and. furður: adv., ‘further’. ġēn: adv., still. 3007a. eorl-sċipe: masc. acc.sg., ‘earl-ship’, manliness. efnde: pret. 3sg. of efnan, wk.1, to perform, do. 3007b. [Nū]: adv., ‘now’; MS me; emended by Kemble. ofost: fem. nom.sg., haste. betost: fem. nom.sg., ‘best’. 3008a. þæt: conj., so that (may); with subj. þeod-cyning: masc. acc.sg., ‘people-king’. 3008b. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. sċēawian: wk.2, pres. subj. 1pl. to look at. 3009a. þone: that one: masc. acc.sg. ġebringan: wk.1, pres. subj. 1pl., to ‘bring’, carry. 3009b. þē: rel. particle, who. bēagas: acc.pl. of bēag , masc., ring, (in pl.) treasures. ġeaf: pret. 3sg. of ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’.

249

3010

on ād-fære. Ne sċel ānes hwæt

3010

火葬の薪へ。 （宝の）一部だけを、絶対しない

meltan mid þām mōdiġan, ac þǣr is māðma hord,

勇敢な方と共に熔かすことは、 宝の倉が、

gold unrīme grimme ġeċēa[po]d,

無数の黄金があり 犠牲を払って求めた、

ond nū æt sīðestan sylfes fēore

それに今や最後に ご自分の命と引き換えに

3014

bēagas [ġeboh]te; þā sċeall brond fretan,

購われた宝環もあるのだから； それらを火は食い、

195r

ǣled þeċċean ― |nalles eorl wegan

3015

māððum tō ġemyndum, nē mæġð sċȳne

宝を彼の思い出に、 また麗しい乙女も

habban on healse hring-weorðunge,

首に掛けることはない 首飾りを、

ac sċeal ġeōmor-mōd, golde berēafod,

（彼も彼女も）心悲しく、 黄金を奪われて

oft nalles ǣne el-land tredan. 3020

炎が包むはずだ ―  貴人は帯びることはない、

一度ならず何度も 他国を踏むことになる。

Nū se here-wīsa hleahtor āleġde,

3020

今や武将 (B) が 笑いを捨てられたからには、

gamen ond glēo-drēam. Forðon sċeall gār wesan

慰めと喜びを。 それ故槍が （惨めにも）

moniġ morgen-ċeald mundum bewunden,

寒い朝に無数に 手に握られ、

3010a. on: prep., to. ād-fære: dat.sg. of ād-faru, fem., ‘funeral-pyre-journey’. 3010b. Ne: adv., not. sċel: pres. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., ‘shall’; signifies the will of a speaker. ānes hwæt: one part; the subject of sċel. ānes: neut. gen. sg. of ān, ‘one’. hwæt: indef. pron., neut. nom.sg., something. 3011a. meltan: st.3, to ‘melt’. mid: prep., together with. þām: the, that: masc. dat.sg. mōdiġan: wk. masc. dat.sg. of mōdiġ, adj., brave [moody]. 3011b. ac: conj., (not...) but rather. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. māðma: gen.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. hord: neut. nom.sg., ‘hoard’. 3012a. gold: neut. nom.sg., ‘gold’. unrīme: adj., neut. nom.sg., countless. 3012b. grimme: adv., ‘grimly’. ġeċēa[po]d: pp. of ġeċēapian, wk.2, to purchase, trade [cf. cheap]; MS gecea / .., Conybeare, Kiernan ..d; restored by Kemble. 3013a. nū: adv., ‘now’. æt: prep., ‘at’. sīðestan: wk. neut. dat.sg. of sīðest, adj. supl., last. 3013b. sylfes: masc. gen.sg. of self, refl. pron., self, his own. fēore: dat.sg. of feorh, neut., life. 3014a. bēagas: nom.pl. of bēag, masc., ring, (in pl.) treasures; also in 3009b. [ġeboh]te: masc. nom.pl., pp. of ġebiċġan, wk.1, to ‘buy’; MS .....te; restored by Grundtvig. 3014b. þā: those: acc.pl.; see Com. sċeall: ‘shall’, ought to: pres. 3sg.; also in 3010b. brond: masc. nom.sg., fire, flame [brand]. fretan: st.5, to eat up, devour [fret]. 3015a. ǣled: masc. nom.sg., flame. þeċċean: wk.1, to enfold. 3015b. nalles: adv., not at all. eorl: masc. nom.sg., nobleman. wegan: st.5, to wear. 3016a. māððum: masc. acc.sg., treasure. tō: prep., for, as. ġemyndum: dat.pl. of ġemynd, fem., remembrance. 3016b. nē: conj., nor. mæġð: fem. nom.sg., ‘maid’. sċӯne: adj. fem. nom.sg., beautiful [sheen; G. schön]. 3017a. habban: wk.3, to ‘have’. healse: dat.sg. of heals, masc., neck. 3017b. hring-weorðunge: acc.sg. of hringweorðung, fem., ‘ring-adornment’, necklace. 3018a. ac: conj., (not...) but. sċeal: ‘shall’, be to: pres. 3sg.; the subject is ‘either eorl or mæ ġð’. ġeōmor-mōd: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘sad of mind’. 3018b. golde: dat.sg. of gold. berēafod: pp. of be-rēafian, wk.2, to ‘bereave’; w.dat. 3019a. oft: ‘often’. nalles: see 3015b. ǣne: adv., once. 3019b. el-land: neut. acc.sg., ‘foreign land’. tredan: st.5, to ‘tread’. 3020a. here-wīsa: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘armyleader’. 3020b. hleahtor: masc. acc.sg., ‘laughter’. āleġde: pret. 3sg. of ā-leċġan, wk.1, to ‘lay down’. 3021a. gamen: neut. acc.sg., mirth. glēo-drēam: masc. acc.sg., ‘glee-mirth’, joy. 3021b. Forðon: adv., therefore; see Com. sċeall: pres. 3sg.; see 3018a. gār: masc. nom.sg., spear. wesan: st.5, to be. 3022a. moniġ: adj., ‘many’ a; modifies gār. morgen-ċeald: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘morning-cold’; modifies gār. 3022b. mundum: instr.-dat.pl. of mund, fem., hand. bewunden: pp. of be-windan, st.3, to entwine round.

250

3025

hæfen on handa; nalles hearpan swēġ

手で振り上げられることになる；  ハープの音が

wīġend weċċean, ac se wonna hrefn

武士たちを目覚増すことがなくなり、 黒鴉が

fūs ofer fǣġum fela reordian,

3025

earne seċġan, hū him æt ǣte spēow,

鷲に告げるだろう うまく食にありつけた次第を、

þenden hē wið wulf wæl rēafode.”

彼が狼と争って 死体を奪ったとき』

Swā se seċġ hwata seċġġende wæs

 このように勇敢な者は 語り続けた

lāðra spella; hē ne lēag fela 3030

3035

死に行く人の上で待ち構え、 うるさく啼き、

wyrda nē worda. Weorod eall ārās;

悲しい物語を； 彼は偽りを多くは言わなかった 3030

予測でも報告でも。 軍隊は全員立ち上がった；

ēodon unblīðe under Earnanæs,

心楽しまず赴いた 鷲岬の下へ、

wollen-tēare wundur sċēawian.

涙を流しながら 不思議を見ようと。

Fundon ðā on sande sāwul-lēasne

すると彼らは砂浜に見出した 魂の抜けた人が

hlim-bed healdan, þone þe him hringas ġeaf

安息の床についているのを、 宝環を与えた方が

ǣrran mǣlum; þā wæs ende-dæġ

3035

以前には； その時最後の日が

3023a. hæfen: pp. of hebban, st.6, to ‘heave’, raise up. on: prep., in. handa: dat.sg. of hand, fem., ‘hand’. 3023b. nalles: see 3015b. hearpan: gen.sg. of hearpe, wk. fem., ‘harp’. swēġ: masc. nom.sg., sound. 3024a. wīġend: masc. acc.pl., warrior. weċċean: wk.1, to ‘wake’. 3024b. ac: conj., (not...) but. wonna: wk. masc. nom.sg., of won(n), adj. dark, ‘wan’. hrefn: masc. nom.sg., ‘raven’. 3025a. fūs: adj., eager to set out, ready. ofer: prep., ‘over’, above. fǣġum: masc. dat.pl. of fǣ ġe, adj., fated (one). 3025b. fela: adv., much. reordian: wk.2, to speak, talk. 3026a. earne: dat.sg. of earn, masc., eagle. seċġan: wk.3, to ‘say’. 3026b. hū: rel. adv., the way ‘how’. him: ‘him’: with spōwan. æt: prep., in, ‘at’. ǣte: dat.sg. of ǣ t, masc. / neut., meal; from etan ‘to eat’. spēow: pret. 3sg. of spōwan, st.7, to succeed [cf. speed]; impers., w.dat. 3027a. þenden: conj., while. wið: prep.; this word can be taken as either ‘sharing with’ or ‘contending against’; we prefer the latter. wulf: masc. acc.sg., ‘wolf’. 3027b. wæl: neut. acc.sg., corpse, those slain in battle. rēafode: pret. 3sg. of rēafian, wk.2, to ‘reave’, rob. 3028a. Swā: adv., thus. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., man, warrior. hwata: wk. masc. nom.sg., of hwæ t, adj., brave, valiant. 3028b. seċġġende: maybe ‘teller’ here w.gen.: pres. part. of seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’, speak. 3029a. lāðra: neut. gen.pl. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’. spella: gen.pl. of spel(l), neut., tale, story [spell]. 3029b. lēag: pret. 3sg. of lēogan, st.2, to ‘lie’; w.gen. fela: adv., much. 3030a. wyrda: gen.pl. of wyrd, fem., fateful future event. nē: adv., nor. worda: gen.pl. of word, neut., ‘word’; refers to his narration of past events (M & R, p. 155). 3030b. Weorod: neut. nom.sg., troop. eall: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘all’. ārās: pret. 3sg. of ā-rīsan, st.1, to ‘arise’. 3031a. ēodon: pret. 3pl. of gān, anom., to ‘go’. un-blīðe: adj. masc. nom.pl., ‘un-blithe’, joyless. 3031b. under: prep., to the lower part of. Earnanæs: masc. acc. sg., ‘Eagles’ ness’. 3032a. wollen-tēare: masc. nom.pl. of wollen-tēar, adj., ‘with welling tears’. 3032b. wundur: acc.sg. of wundor, neut., ‘wonder’; see Com. sċēawian: wk.2, to look at [show]. 3033a. Fundon: pret. 3pl. of findan, st.3, to ‘find’; w.acc. & inf. ðā: adv., then. sande: dat.sg. of sand, neut., ‘sand’. 3033b. sāwul-lēasne: masc. acc.sg. of sāwol-lēas, adj., ‘soul (= life)-less (one). 3034a. hlim-bed: neut. acc.sg., ‘rest-bed’. healdan: st.7, to occupy. 3034b. þone þe: rel. pron., masc. acc.sg., the one who; agrees with sāwul-lēasne. him: them: dat. hringas: acc.pl. of hring, masc., ‘ring’. ġeaf: pret. 3sg. of ġifan, st.5, to ‘give’. 3035a. ǣrran: dat.pl. of ǣ rra, adj., former, compar. of ǣ r. mǣlum: dat.pl. of mǣ l, neut., time. 3035b. þā : adv., then. ende-dæġ: masc. nom.sg., ‘end (= death)-day’.

251

gōdum ġegongen, þæt se gūð-cyning,

武勇に優れた人に訪れた、 そのため戦の王は、

Wedra þēoden wundor-dēaðe swealt.

ウェデラスの君主は 驚異の死を迎えたのだ。

Ǣr hī þǣr ġesēgan syllīċran wiht,

彼らは既にそこに見ていた 見慣れぬ生き物が

wyrm on wonge, wiðer-ræhtes þǣr,

龍が原に その真向かいにある、

3040

lāðn[e] liċġean; wæs se lēġ-draca

195v

grimlīċ gry[re-fāh] |glēdum beswǣled;

まだら色をして恐ろしかった 炎に焦げて；

sē wæs fīftiġes fōt-ġemearces

それは 50 フィートの

lang on leġere; lyft-wynne hēold

長さで横たわっていた； 飛行を楽しんで

nihtes hwīlum, nyðer eft ġewāt

夜間に、 また舞い降りたものだった

3045

dennes nīosian; wæs ðā dēaðe fæst,

3040

3045

憎むべきものが、横たわっているのを； 火龍は

棲家に戻るために； それも死に縛られて

hæfde eorð-sċrafa ende ġenyttod.

土の洞窟の 楽しみを終えたのだった。

Him biġ stōdan bunan ond orcas,

そ奴の側に立っていた ゴブレットや杯が、

disċas lāgon ond dӯre swyrd,

横たわっていた、皿と 貴重な刀が

ōmiġe þurhetone, swā hīe wið eorðan fæðm

錆で腐食して、 まるでそれらが大地の懐で

3036a. gōdum: masc. dat.sg. of gōd, adj., brave (one). ġegongen: pp. of ġegongan, st.7, to reach. 3036b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. gūð-cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘war-king’. 3037a. Wedra: gen. of Wederas, the Weather-Geatas. þēoden: masc. nom.sg., lord. 3037b. wundor-dēaðe: dat.sg. of wundor-dēað, masc., ‘wonder-death’; see Com. swealt: pret. 3sg. of sweltan, st.3, to die. 3038a. Ǣr: adv., before. hī: they. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. ġesēgan: -on: pret. 3pl. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’, behold; w.acc. & inf.; with -an for -on. 3038b. syllīċran: compar. fem. acc.sg. of sellīċ, syllīċ, adj., strange. wiht: fem. acc.sg., creature. 3039a. wyrm: masc. acc.sg., dragon. wonge: dat.sg. of wong, masc., plain. 3039b. wiðer-ræhtes: adv., opposite. 3040a. lāðn[e]: masc. acc.sg. of lāð, adj., ‘loathsome’ (one), hostile; MS lāðn.; restored by Conybeare. liċġean: st.5, to ‘lie’ dead. 3040b. lēġ-draca: wk. masc. nom.sg., ‘firedragon’. 3041a. grimlīċ: adj., fierce, terrible. gry[re-fāh]: adj., ‘terrible coloured’; MS gry.....; restored by Bugge. 3041b. glēdum: dat.pl. of glēd, fem., fire, flame. beswǣled: pp. of be-swǣ lan, wk.1, to scorch. 3042a. sē: that (one): masc. nom.sg. fīftiġes: gen.sg. of fīftiġ, ‘fifty’; w.gen. 3042b. fōt-ġemearces: gen.sg. of fōt-ġemearc, neut., ‘foot-mark’, the length of a foot. 3043a. lang: adj., ‘long’. on: prep., in. leġere: dat.sg. of leġer, neut., lying [lair]. 3043b. lyft-wynne: acc.sg. of lyft-wynn, fem., ‘air-joy’, flight. hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’. 3044a. nihtes: gen.sg. of niht, fem., ‘night’. hwīlum: dat.pl. of hwīl, fem., time. 3044b. nyðer: adv., downward [nether]. eft: adv., again. ġewāt: pret. 3sg. of ġewītan, st.1, to depart. 3045a. dennes: gen.sg. of den(n), neut., ‘den’. nīosian: wk.2, to visit. 3045b. ðā: adv., then. dēaðe: dat.sg. of dēað, masc., ‘death’. fæst: adj., ‘fast’. 3046a. hæfde: pret. 3sg. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. eorð-sċrafa: gen.pl. of eorð-sċræ f, neut., ‘earth-cave’. 3046b. ende: masc. acc. sg., ‘end’. ġenyttod: pp. of ġenyttian, wk.2. to enjoy. 3047a. Him: ‘him’: dat. biġ: prep., ‘by’, near; postpositioned. stōdan: pret. 3pl. of standan, st.6, to ‘stand’. 3047b. bunan: nom.pl. of bune, wk. fem., a drinking vessel. orcas: nom.pl. of orc, masc., cup. 3048a. disċas: nom.pl. of disċ, masc., ‘dish’. lāgon: pret. 3pl. of liċġan, st.5, to ‘lie’. 3048b. dӯre: = dēore: adj., neut. nom.pl., ‘dear’, precious. swyrd: nom.pl. of sweord, neut., ‘sword’. 3049a. ōmiġe: neut. nom.pl. of ōmiġ, adj., rusty. þurhetone: neut. nom.pl., pp. of þurh-etan, st.5, to ‘eat through’, corrode. 3049b. swā: conj., just as. hīe: they. wið: prep., w.acc., in. eorðan: gen.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the earth. fæðm: masc. acc.sg., bosom [fathom].

252

3050

3055

þūsend wintra þǣr eardodon.

3050

千年も そこに眠っていたように。

Þonne wæs þæt yrfe ēacen-cræftiġ,

更に遺産があった 莫大な

iū-monna gold, galdre bewunden,

古人の黄金が 呪いをかけられた、

þæt ðām hring-sele hrīnan ne mōste

そのため宝環の間には 近づけなかった

gumena ǣniġ, nefne God sylfa,

何人も、 もし神ご自身が、

sigora Sōð-cyning sealde þām ðe hē wolde ― hē is manna ġehyld ―

3055

hord openian,

勝利の「真の王」が、 望む者に許可されなければ ― 神は人間の守護者である ―  宝庫を開くことを、

efne swā hwylcum manna, swā him ġemet ðūhte.

まさにそうした者に 神に適切と思えるような。

3050a. þūsend: neut. acc.sg., ‘thousand’; adverbial; w.gen. wintra: gen.pl. of winter, masc., winter, (in pl.) years. 3050b. þǣr: ‘there’. eardodon: pret. 3pl. of eardian, wk.2, to dwell; may be subj. 3051a. Þonne: adv., further; see Com. þæt: the, that: neut. nom.sg. yrfe: neut. nom.sg., heritage. 3051b. ēacen-cræftiġ: adj., ‘exceedingly powerful’, huge. 3052a. iū-monna: = ġeō-: gen.pl. of iū-mon, masc., man of old. gold: neut. nom.sg., ‘gold’. 3052b. galdre: dat.sg. of ġealdor, neut., spell. bewunden: pp. of be-windan, st.3, to bind. 3053a. þæt: conj., so that. ðǣm: the, that: masc. dat.sg. hring-sele: masc. dat.sg., ‘ring-hall’. 3053b. hrīnan: st.1, to reach; w.dat. mōste: pret. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, to have opportunity. 3054a. gumena: gen.pl. of guma, wk. masc., man. ǣniġ: pron., ‘any’, anyone. 3055b. nefne: conj., unless. God: masc. nom.sg., ‘God’. sylfa: wk. masc. nom.sg. of self, sylf, refl. pron., ‘self’; appositive to God. 3055a. sigora: gen.pl. of sigor, masc., victory. Sōð-cyning: masc. nom.sg., ‘True-King’, God. 3055b. sealde: pret. 3sg. of sellan, wk.1, to consent. þām ðe: rel. pron., to whom. wolde: pret. 3sg. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to desire. 3056a. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’. ġehyld: neut. nom.sg., protector. 3056b. hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘hoard’. openian: wk.2, to ‘open’. 3057a. efne: adv., just. swā (...swā): correl., so (...as). hwylcum: masc. dat.sg. of hwylċ, pron., any(one); w.gen.pl. manna: see above. him: ‘him’: dat. ġemet: adj., neut. nom.sg., fit, proper. ðūhte: pret. 3sg. of þynċan, wk.1, to seem.

253

XLII

XLII・ Þā wæs ġesӯne, þæt se sīð ne ðāh

 もう明らかだった 事が不首尾だったことは

þām ðe unrihte inne ġehӯdde 3060

wrǣ[t]e under wealle. Weard ǣr ofslōh

不当にも 隠し込んでいた者〔龍〕にとって、 3060

宝を洞窟の中に。 番人 (D) は殺してしまった

fēara sumne; þā sīo fǣhð ġewearð

数少ない一人 (B) を； するとその怨みは

ġewrecen wrāðlīċe. Wundur hwār þonne

容赦無く晴らされた。 従って謎である、どこで

eorl ellen-rōf ende ġefēre

勇敢な貴人が 最期に出会うのかは

līf-ġesċeafta, þonne lenġ ne mæġ

定めの命数の、 最早できなくなるとき、

3065

mon mid his [mā]gum, medu-seld būan.

196r

Swā wæs Bīowulfe, |þā hē biorges weard

ベーオウルフも同じだった 彼が洞窟の番人と

sōhte searo-nīðas; seolfa ne cūðe

争いを求めたとき； 彼自らは知らなかった

þurh hwæt his worulde ġedāl weorðan sċeolde.

何故に彼のこの世との別れが 起こるのか。

Swā hit oð dōmes dæġ dīope benemdon

裁きの日までそれに 重い呪いをかけたのだった

3065

血族と一緒に 蜜酒の広間に住むことが。

3058a. Þā: adv., then. ġesӯne: adj., neut. nom.sg., evident. 3058b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. sīð: masc. nom.sg., expedition. ðāh: pret. 3sg. of þēon, st.1, to succeed. 3059a. þām ðe: rel. pron., masc. dat.sg., for him who. unrihte: qdv., wrongfully. 3059b. inne: adv., inside. ġehӯdde: pret. 3sg. of ġehȳdan, wk.1, to ‘hide’. 3060a. wrǣ[t]e: acc. pl. of wrǣ t(t), fem., ornament, treasure; MS wræ ce; emended by Thorpe. under: prep., (to the) inside (of). wealle: dat.sg. of weal(l), masc., cave [wall]. 3060b. Weard: masc. nom.sg., guardian [ward]. ǣr: adv., before; often forms the pluperfect with pret. ofslōh: pret. 3sg. of of-slēan, st.6, to kill [slay]. 3061a. fēara: gen.pl. of fēa, adj., a ‘few’. sumne: masc. acc.sg. of sum, some (one); fēara sumne ‘one of a few’ perhaps means ‘a unique man’ or ‘a very great man’ (M & R, p. 157). 3061b. þā: adv., then. sīo: the, that: fem. nom.sg. fǣhð: fem. nom.sg., ‘feud’, enmity. ġewearð: pret. 3sg. of ġeweorðan, st.3, to be; forms passive with pp. 3062a. ġewrecen: fem. nom.sg., pp. of ġewrecan, st.5, to avenge [wreak]. wrāðlīċe: adv., severely [wroth, -ly]. 3062b. Wundur: neut. nom.ag., ‘wonder’; ‘it is a mystery (where...); see Com. hwār: = hwǣ r: rel. adv. ‘where’. þonne (... þonne): adv., correl., then (...when). 3063a. eorl: masc. nom.sg., nobleman [earl]. ellen-rōf: adj., masc. nom.sg., brave. 3063b. ende: masc. acc.sg., ‘end’. ġefēre: pres. subj. 3sg. of ġefēran, wk.1, to reach. 3064a. līf-ġesċeafta: gen.pl. of līf-ġesċeaft, fem., ‘fated life’. 3064b. þonne: conj., when. lenġ: compar. of longe, adv., ‘long’. mæġ: ‘may’, can: pres. 3sg. 3065a. mon: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. mid: prep., together with. [mā]gum: dat.pl. of mǣ ġ, masc., kinsman; B ..gum; restored by Kemble. 3065b. medu-seld: neut. acc.sg., ‘mead-house’. būan: st.7, wk.3, to dwell in. 3066a. Swā: adv., likewise, ‘so’. Bīowulfe: dat. 3066b. þā: conj., when. biorges: gen.sg. of beorg, masc., barrow. weard: masc. acc.sg.; see 3060b; bioerges weard, i.e. Dragon. 3067a. sōhte: pret. 3sg. of sēċan, wk.1, to ‘seek’. searo-nīðas: acc.pl. of searo-nīð, masc., ‘battle-battle’. 3067b. seolfa: wk. masc. neut.sg. of self, refl. pron., (him)‘self’; subject. cūðe: pret. 3sg. of cunnan, pret.-pres., to know. 3068a. þurh: prep., ‘through’. hwæt: neut. acc.sg., interr. pron., ‘what’. worulde: gen.sg. of worold, fem., ‘world’. ġedāl: neut. nom.sg., separation (from). 3068b. weorðan: st.3, to happen. sċeolde: ‘should’, was to: pret. 3sg. 3069a. Swā: adv., so (...that); connected with þæ t in 3071a. hit: ‘it’: acc.; refers to ‘hoard’. oð: prep., until. dōmes: gen.sg. of dōm, masc., judgement [doom]. dæġ: masc. acc.sg., ‘day’. 3069b. dīope: adv., solemnly [deep]. benemdon: pret. 3pl. of be-nemnan, wk.1, to (?) curse (Klaeber’s Gloss); Jack and M & R translate dīope benemdon as ‘solemnly declared’; see Com.

254

3070

3075

þēodnas mǣre, þā ðæt þǣr dydon,

3070

þæt se seċġ wǣre synnum sċildiġ,

そのためその者は 罪を負い、

hergum ġeheaðerod, hell-bendum fæst,

偶像の神殿に閉じ込められ、 地獄の枷に縛られ、

wommum ġewītnad, sē ðone wong str[u]de,

ひどく苦しめられるはずだった、 その場所を荒らした者は、

næ[fn]e gold-hwæte ġearwor hæfde

もしも黄金を賜る （神の）、 これほど進んで

Āgendes ēst ǣr ġesċēawod.

3075

Wīġlāf maðelode, Wīhstānes sunu:

所有者たる神の恩寵を 認めなかったとしたら。  ウィーラーフは語った ウェーオホスターンの息子は：

“Oft sċeall eorl moniġ ānes willan,

3080

名高い王たちは それをそこに埋めた、

『しばしば多くの貴族が 一人の意思によって

wrǣċ ādrēog[an], swā ūs ġeworden is.

悲惨に耐えねばならない、 我らの場合のように。

Ne meahton wē ġelǣran lēofne þēoden,

我らは説得できなかった 愛する主君を、

rīċes hyrde rǣd ǣniġne,

3080

王国の守護者を、 何らかの忠告で、

þæt hē ne grētte gold-weard þone,

殿は攻撃すべきではなく あの黄金の番人を、

lēte hyne liċġean, þǣr hē longe wæs,

そ奴をほっておくべきだと 長くいる場所に、

3070a. þēodnas: nom.pl. of þēoden, masc., lord, king. mǣre: adj., masc. nom.pl., famous. 3070b. þā: rel. pron., masc. nom.pl., who. ðæt: ‘that’, i.e. treasure: neut. acc. sg. þǣr: adv., ‘there’. dydon: pret. 3pl. of dōn, anom., to put, place [do]. 3071a. þæt: conj., so that. seċġ: masc. nom.sg., man. wǣre: ‘were’: subj. 3sg. 3071b. synnum: dat.pl. of synn, fem., ‘sin’. sċildiġ: adj., guilty. 3072a. hergum: dat.pl. of herg, masc., idol-fane, heathen temple. ġeheaðerod: pp. of heaðerian, wk.2, to confine. 3072b. hell-bendum: dat.pl. of hell-bend, fem., ‘hell-bond’. fæst: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘fast’, firm. 3073a. wommum: dat.pl. of wom(m), masc., stain, evil; (adverbially) grievously. ġewītnad: pp. of wītnian, wk.2, to punish, torment. 3073b. sē: rel. pron., who: masc. nom.sg.; its antecedent is se seċġ. ðone: the, that: masc. acc.sg. wong: masc. acc.sg., place. str[u]de: pret. subj. 3sg. of strūdan, st.2, to plunder; MS strade; emended by Grundtvig. 3074a. næ[fn]e: conj., unless; with subj.; MS næ s he; emended by Klaeber; see Com. gold-hwæte: adj., fem. acc.sg., ‘gold-bestowing’; modifies ēst. 3074b. ġearwor: compar. of ġear(w)e, adv., fully. hæfde: ‘had’: pret. subj., 3sg.; forms pluperfect with pp. and ǣ r. 3075a. Āgendes: gen.sg. of Āgend, masc., Owner；a kenning for God. ēst: fem. acc.sg., grace, favour. 3075b. ġesċēawod: pp. of sċēawian, wk.2, to perceive. 3076ab. This same line occurs also in 2862. 3077a. Oft: adv., ‘often’. sċeall: ‘shall’, must: pres. 3sg. eorl: masc. nom.sg., nobleman [earl]. moniġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘many’ a; modifies sg. noun. 3077b. ānes: masc. gen.sg. of ān, (a certain) one. willan: dat.sg. of willa, wk. masc., ‘will’. 3078a. wrǣċ: neut. acc.sg., hardship, misery. ā-drēog[an]: st.2, to endure; MS adreogeð; emended by Grein. 3078b. swā: conj., just as. ūs: to us: dat. ġeworden: pp. of weorðan, st.3, to happen. is: ‘is’; forms perfect with pp. of intransitive verbs. 3079a. meahton: ‘might’, could: pret. 1pl. ġelǣran: wk.1, to persuade; w.acc. of person & thing, and þæ t-clause. 3079b. lēofne: masc. acc.sg. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved. þēoden: masc. acc.sg., leader, king. 3080a. rīċes: gen.sg. of rīċe, neut., kingdom, realm [G. Reich]. hyrde: masc. acc.sg., guardian [herd]. 3080b. rǣd: masc. acc.sg., advice, counsel. ǣniġne: masc. acc.sg. of ǣ niġ, adj., ‘any’. 3081a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. grēte: pret. subj. 3sg. of grētan, wk.1, to attack [greet]. 3081b. gold-weard: masc.. acc.sg., ‘gold-guardian’. þone: the: masc. acc.sg.; postpositioned. 3082a. lēte: pret. subj. 3sg. of lǣ tan, st.7, to ‘let’. hyne: him: acc. liċġean: st.5, to ‘lie’. 3082b. þǣr: rel. adv., in the place where. longe: adv. ‘long’.

255

3085

3090

196v

3095

wīcum wunian oð woruld-ende.

棲家に住まわせておくべきだと 世の終わりまで。

Hēold on hēah-ġesċeap; hord ys ġesċēawod,

殿は悲運に甘んじられた； 宝庫は開かれている

grimme ġegongen; wæs þæt ġifeðe tō swīð

3085

犠牲を払って得られた； 過酷な運命だった、

þē ðone [þēod-cyning] þyder ontyhte.

我が国王を そこへ駆り立てたのは。

Iċ wæs þǣr inne ond þæt eall ġeondseh,

我はその中に入って その全てを検分した、

reċedes ġeatwa, þā mē ġerӯmed wæs,

広間の宝物を、 我に許されたとき、

nealles swǣslīċe sīð ālӯfed

決して穏やかに 旅が認められたのではない、

inn under eorð-weall. Iċ on ofoste ġefēng

3090

洞窟の中への。 我は急いで抱えて

miċle mid mundum mæġen-byrðenne

両手で大きな 重い荷物を

hord-ġestrēona, hider |ūt ætbær

宝庫の宝の、 ここへ運び出した

cyninge mīnum. Cwico wæs þā ġēna,

我の王の元へ。 まだその時は生きておられた、

wīs ond ġewittiġ; worn eall ġespræc

気は確かで意識があられた； 多くを語られた

gomol on ġehðo, ond ēowiċ grētan hēt,

3095

bæd þæt ġē ġeworhton æfter wines dǣdum

老いた方は心配して お前達に挨拶するよう命じられ、 築くように頼まれた 主君の偉業を記念して 

3083a. wīcum: dat.pl. of wīċ, neut., dwelling-place. wunian: wk.2, to dwell; w.dat. 3083b. oð: prep., until. woruld-ende: masc. dat.sg., ‘world-end’. 3084a. Hēold: pret. 3sg. of healdan, st.7, to ‘hold’ (onto). on: prep., onto. hēah-ġesċeap: neut. acc.sg., ‘high-destiny’. 3084b. hord: neut. nom.sg., ‘hoard’. ys: ‘is’. ġesċēawod: ? shown, pp. of scēawian, wk.2, to look at. 3085a. grimme: adv., grimly. ġegongen: pp. of ġegangan, st.7, to obtain. 3085b. þæt: the, ‘that’: neut. nom. ġifeðe: neut. nom.sg., fate. tō: adv., ‘too’. swīð: adj., neut. nom.sg., severe, harsh. 3086a. þē: rel. particle, that, which. [þēod-cyning]: masc. acc.sg., ‘nation-king’; no gap in MS; inserted by Grein. 3086b. þyder: adv., there, ‘thither’. ontyhte: pret. 3sg. of on-tyhtan, wk.1, to compel. 3087a. þǣr inne: ‘therein’. 3087b. þæt eall: ‘all that’: neut. acc.sg. ġeondseh: pret. 1sg. of ġeond-sēon, st.5, to look over [beyond, see]. 3088a. reċedes: gen.sg. of reċed, masc. / neut., ‘hall’. ġeatwa: fem. acc.pl., precious objects. 3088b. þā: conj., when. mē: to ‘me’: dat. ġerӯmed: pp. of ġerȳman, wk.1, to allow. 3089a. nealles: adv., not at all; see Com. swǣslīċe: adv., gently. 3089b. sīð: masc. nom.sg., journey. ālӯfed: pp. of ā-lȳfan, wk.1, to permit. 3090a. inn: adv., inside. eorðweall: masc. acc.sg., ‘earthen wall’, cave. 3090b. on: prep., in. ofoste: dat.sg. of ofost, fem., haste. ġefēng: pret. 1sg. of ġefōn, st.7, to grasp. 3091a. miċle: fem. acc.sg. of miċel, ‘much’; modifies mæ ġen-byrðenne. mid: prep., with. mundum: dat.pl. of mund, fem., hand. 3091b. mæġen-byrðenne: acc.sg. of mæ ġen-byrþen, fem., ‘mighty burden’. 3092a. hord-ġestrēona: gen.pl. of hord-ġestrēon, neut., ‘hoard-wealth’. 3092b. hider: adv., ‘hither’. ūt: adv., ‘out’. ætbær: pret. 1sg. of æ t-beran, st.4, to bring (out to). 3093a. cyninge: dat.sg. of cyning, masc., ‘king’. mīnum: ‘my, mine’: masc. dat.sg. 3093b. Cwico: adj., alive. wæs: was; the subject hē, i.e. Beowulf is understood. þā: adv., then. ġēna: adv., still. 3094a. wīs: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘wise’; ‘sound in mind’ (Klaeber’s Notes). ġewittiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., conscious. 3094b. worn: masc. acc.sg., a large number, many. eall: adj., neut. acc.sg. ‘all’. ġespræc: pret. 3sg. of ġesprecan, st.5, to ‘speak’. 3095a. gomol: adj., masc. acc.sg., old (one). ġehðo: dat.sg. of ġiohðo, fem., care. 3095b. ēowiċ: ‘you’: acc.pl. grētan: wk.1, to ‘greet’. hēt: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order. 3096a. bæd: pret. 3sg. of biddan, st.5, to entreat [bid]. þæt: conj., ‘that’. ġē: ‘ye’. ġeworhton: pret. 2pl. of ġewyrċan, wk.1, to make [work]. 3096b. æfter: prep., in memory of. wines: gen.sg. of wine, masc., friendly lord. dǣdum: dat.pl. of dǣ d, fem., ‘deed’.

256

3100

3105

in bǣl-stede beorh þone hēa[ha]n,

火葬の場に 高い塚を、

miċelne ond mǣrne, swā hē manna wæs

大きくて立派なものを、 殿が人々の中で

wīġend weorð-fullost wīde ġeond eorðan,

最も価値ある武人であられたが故に 広く世界中で、

þenden hē burh-welan brūcan mōste.

3100

殿が城の富を 享受できた間は。

Uton nū efstan ōðre [sīðe],

さあ急ごう もう一度

sēon ond sēċean searo-[ġimma] ġeþræc,

見に訪れよう 宝石の山を、

wundur under wealle; iċ ēow wīsiġe,

洞窟の中の不思議を； 我がお前たちを案内しよう、

þæt ġē ġenōge nēon sċēawiað

お前たちが沢山 近くから見られるように

bēagas ond brād gold. Sīe sīo bǣr ġearo,

3105

宝環と金の板を。 棺架を用意しよう、

ǣdre ġeæfned, þonne wē ūt cymen,

急いで準備しよう、 我らが出てきたら、

ond þonne ġeferian frēan ūserne,

それからお運びしよう 我らが主君を、

lēofne mannan, þǣr hē longe sċeal

愛するお方を、 長くおられることになる所へ、

on ðæs Waldendes wǣre ġeþolian.”

支配者なる神の 保護を受けて留まれる所へ』

3097a. bǣl-stede: masc. dat.sg., ‘funeral pyre-place’. 3097b. beorh: masc. acc.sg., ‘barrow’, burial mound. þone: the: masc. acc.sg. of se. hēa[ha]n: wk. masc. acc.sg. of hēah, adj., ‘high’; MS hean; expanded by Wrenn for metre. 3098a. miċelne: masc. acc.sg. of miċel, adj., large [much]. mǣrne: masc. acc.sg. of mǣ re, adj., great, celebrated. 3098b. swā: conj., as. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’; with supl. 3099a. wīġend: masc. nom.sg., warrior. weorð-fullost: masc. nom.sg., supl. of weorð-full, adj., ‘worth-full’. 3099b. wīde: adv., widely. ġeond: prep., throughout [beyond]. eorðan: acc.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the earth. 3100a. þenden: conj., while. burh-welan: gen. sg. of burh-wela, wk. masc., ‘borough-wealth’. 3100b. brūcan: st.2, to enjoy; w.gen. mōste: pret. 3sg. of mōtan, pret.-pres., may, to have opportunity. 3101a. Uton: let us. efstan: wk.1, to hasten; cf. ofost, haste. 3101b. ōðre: masc. instr.sg. of ōðer, adj., second, another. [sīðe]: dat.sg. of sīð, masc., time, occasion; no gap in MS; supplied by Grundtvig. 3102a. sēon: st.5, to ‘see’ sēċean: wk.1, to visit. 3102b. searo-[ġimma]: gen.pl. of searo-ġim(m), masc., precious jewel [L. gemma, cf. gem] ; no gap in MS; supplied by Bugge. ġeþræc: neut., acc.sg. heap. 3103a. wundur: neut. acc.sg., ‘wonder’. under: prep., ‘under’, in. wealle: dat.sg. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’, cave. 3103b. ēow: ‘you’: dat.pl. wīsiġe: pres. 1sg. of wīsian, wk.2, to guide; w.dat. 3104a. þæt: conj., so that. ġē: ‘ye’. ġenōge: masc. acc.pl. of ġenōg, adj., ‘enough’, many. 3104b. nēon: adv., ‘from near’. sċēawiað: pres. 2pl. of sċēawian, wk.2, to look at [show]. 3105a. bēagas: acc.pl. of bēag, masc., ring. brād: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘broad’. gold: neut. acc.sg., ‘gold’. 3105b. Sīe: should be: subj. 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. sīo: the: fem. nom.sg. bǣr: fem. nom.sg., ‘bier’. ġearo: adj., fem. nom.sg., ready. 3106a. ǣdre: adv., speedily. ġeæfned: pp. of æ fnan, wk.1, to make ready. 3106b. þonne: conj., when. ūt: adv., ‘out’. cymen: pres. subj. 1pl. of cuman, st.4, to ‘come’. 3107a. þonne: adv., then. ġeferian: wk.1, imper. pl., to ‘ferry’, carry. 3107b. frēan: acc.sg. of frēa, wk. masc., king. ūserne: masc. acc. sg. of ūre, ‘our’. 3108a. lēofne: masc. acc.sg. of lēof, adj., dear, beloved. mannan: acc.sg. of man(n), masc., ‘man’; wk. declension. 3108b. þǣr: rel. adv., to the place where. longe: adv. long. sċeal: ‘shall’, is to: pres. 3sg. 3109a. on: prep., w.dat., governs wǣ re. ðæs: of the, that: masc. gen.sg. of sē. Waldendes: gen.sg. of Wealdend, masc., the Ruler, the Lord [wield]. 3109b. wǣre: dat.sg. of wǣ r, fem., protection. ġeþolian: wk.2, to abide.

257

3110

3115

Hēt ðā ġebēodan byre Wīhstānes,

3110

 それから命じた ウェーオホスターンの息子は、

hæle hilde-dīor hæleða moneġum,

戦に猛しい武士 (W) は 多くの家来に、

bold-āgendra, þæt hīe bǣl-wudu

家持ちの者に、 火葬の薪を

feorran feredon, folc-āgende,

遠くから運んでくるように言えと、 国民の長、

gōdum tōġēnes: “Nū sċeal glēd fretan

立派なお方の側に： 『今や炎が焼き尽くすはず、

weaxan wonna lēġ wigena strenġel,

3115

黒い炎が燃え上がるはず 武士たちの王を、

þone ðe oft ġebād īsern-sċūre,

その方はしばしば凌がれた 矢の雨を、

þonne strǣla storm strenġum ġebǣded,

矢の嵐が 弦によって起こされた、

sċōc ofer sċild-weall, sċeft nytte hēold,

方陣の上を飛び抜け、 矢柄がその役目を果たし、

fæ[ð]er-ġearwum fūs, flāne full-ēode.”

矢羽によって推進され 矢尻に仕えたとき』

3120

Hūru se snotra sunu Wīhstānes

198r

āċīġde of corðre |cyniges þeġnas,

武士団より呼び出した 王の近侍の武士を

syfone [æt]somne, þā sēlestan,

全部で 7 人 最も優秀な者たちを、

ēode eahta sum under inwit-hrōf

その 7 人を連れて行った 敵の屋根の下に、

3120

 実に賢い ウェーオホスターンの息子は

3110a. Hēt: pret. 3sg. of hātan, st.7, to order, command. ðā: adv., then. ġebēodan: st.2, to announce [bid]; w.dat. 3110b. byre: masc. nom.sg., son. Wīhstānes: gen. of Wīhstān. 3111a. hæle: masc. nom.sg., man, hero. hildedīor: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-brave’. 3111b. hæleða: gen.pl. of hæ leð, masc, man, hero. moneġum: masc. dat. pl. of moniġ, adj., ‘many’ (of); w.gen.pl. 3112a. bold-āgendra: gen.pl. of bold-āgend, masc., ‘house owner’. 3112b. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hīe: ‘they’. bǣl-wudu: masc. acc.sg., ‘funeral pyre-wood’. 3113a. feorran: adv., ‘from afar’. feredon: pret. subj. 3pl. of ferian, wk.1, to carry. 3113b. folc-āgende: masc. dat.sg., ‘people-owner’. 3114a. gōdum: masc. dat.sg. gōd, adj., ‘good’ (one). tōġēnes: prep., w.dat., towards, to; postpositioned. 3114b. Nū: adv., ‘now’. sċeal: ‘shall’, is to. glēd: fem. nom.sg., fire. fretan: st.5, to devour. 3115a. weaxan: st.7, to grow, ‘wax’. wonna: wk. masc. nom.sg of won(n), adj. dark. lēġ: masc. nom.sg., flame; this half-line is parentheic. 3115b. wigena: gen.pl. of wiga, wk. masc., warrior. strenġel: masc. acc.sg., ruler. 3116a. þone ðe: rel. pron., masc. acc.sg., who; agrees with the precedent strenġel. ġebād: pret. 3sg. of ġebīdan, st.1, to endure. 3116b. īsern-sċure: acc.sg. of īsern-sċur, fem., ‘iron-shower’ of arrows. 3117a. þonne: conj., when. strǣla: gen.pl. of strǣ l, masc., arrow. storm: masc. nom.sg., ‘storm’. 3117b. strenġum: dat.pl. of fem, strenġ, (bow) ‘string’. ġebǣded: pp. of bǣ dan, wk.1, to force. 3118a. sċōc: pret. 3sg. of sċacan, st.6, to pass. sċild-weall: masc. acc.sg., ‘shield-wall’. 3118b. sċeft: masc. nom.sg., (arrow) shaft. nytte: acc.sg. of nyt(t), fem., duty. hēold: ‘held’: pret. 3sg. 3119a. fæ[ð]erġearwum: dat. of fæ ðer-ġearwe, fem.pl., ‘feather-gear’, feathered arrow shaft; MS fæ der; emended by Thorkelin. fūs: adj., eager to set out. 3119b. flāne: dat.sg. of flān, masc., arrow. full-ēode: pret. 3sg. of full-gān, anom., to follow. 3120a. Hūru: adv., indeed. se: the, that. snotra: wk. masc. nom.sg. of snotor, adj., wise. 3120b. sunu: masc. nom.sg., ‘son’. Wīhstānes: gen. of Wīhstān, Wēohstān. 3121a. āċīġde: pret. 3sg. of ā-ċīġan, wk.1, to summon. of: prep., out of. corðre: dat.sg. of corþer, neut., troop. 3121b. cyniges: = cyninges: gen.sg. of cyning, masc., ‘king’. þeġnas: acc.pl. of þeġn, masc., ‘thane’. 3122a. syfone: acc. of seofon, ‘seven’. [æt]somne: adv., together; MS ..somne; restored by Grein. 3122b. þā: the: acc.pl. sēlestan: masc. acc.pl. of sēlest, best. 3123a. ēode: pret. 3sg. of gān, to ‘go’. eahta: gen., ‘eight’. sum: ‘some’, one; eahta sum ‘one of eight’ = with seven. 3123b. inwit-hrōf: masc. acc.sg., ‘evil (= enemy’s) roof’.

258

hilde-rinc[a]; sum on handa bær 3125

ǣled-lēoman; sē ðe on orde ġēong.

武士たちの； 一人が手に持った 3125

Næs ðā on hlytme, hwā þæt hord strude,

松明を、 先頭に立った者が。 その時は籤で決める暇はなかった 誰が宝庫を略奪す るのか、

3130

3135

syððan orwearde ǣniġne dǣl

番人を欠いて 宝が全て、

seċġas ġesēgon on sele wunian,

人々が見たとき、 広間に置かれ、

lǣne liċġan; lӯt ǣniġ mearn,

はかなく横たわっているのを； 誰も悲しく思わなかった、

þæt hī ofostlīċ[e] ūt ġeferedon

3130

彼らが急いで 運び出したことを

dӯre māðmas; dracan ēc sċufun,

貴重な宝を； また彼らは龍を突き落として、

wyrm ofer weall-clif, lēton wēġ niman,

怪物を絶壁から、 波に受け取らせた、

flōd fæðmian frætwa hyrde.

海が抱き込んだ 飾り物の番人を。

Þ[ā] wæs wunden gold on wǣn hladen,

それから細工された黄金が 車に積まれた、

ǣġhwæs unrīm; æþelin[g] boren,

3135

hār hilde-[rinc], tō Hronesnæsse.

無数のものが全て； 貴人は運ばれた、 白髪の武士は、 鯨岬に。

3124a. hilde-rinc[a]: gen.pl. of hilde-rinc, masc., warrior; MS rinc; emended by Sievers. 3124b. sum: ‘some’, one: masc. nom.sg. handa: dat.sg. of hand, fem., ‘hand’. bær: pret. 3sg. of beran, st.4, to ‘bear’. 3125a. ǣled-lēoman: acc.sg. of ǣ led-lēoma, wk. masc., ‘fire-light’, torch. 3125b. sē ðe: rel., pron., he who. on orde: in front. orde: dat. sg. of ord, masc., point. ġeong: pret. 3sg. of gangan, st.7, to ‘go’. 3126a. Næs: ‘was not’. ðā: adv., then. hlytme: dat.sg. of hlytm, masc., lot. 3126b. hwā: interrog. pron., ‘who’. þæt: the, that: neut. acc.sg. hord: neut. acc.sg., ‘hoard’. strude: pret. subj. 3sg. of strūdan, st.2, to plunder. 3127a. syððan: conj., when. or-wearde: adj., neut. acc.sg., ‘un-guarded’. 3127b. ǣniġne: masc. acc.sg. of ǣ nig, ‘any’. dǣl: masc. acc.sg., part (of the hoard) [deal]. 3128a. seċġas: nom.pl. of seċġ, masc., man. ġesēgon: pret. 3pl. of ġesēon, st.5, to ‘see’, look on. 3128b. sele: masc. dat.sg., hall. wunian: wk.2, to be placed. 3129a. lǣne: adj., neut. acc.sg., transitory [cf. loan]. liċġan: st.5, to lie. 3129b. lӯt: adv., ‘little’, not at all. ǣniġ: pron., nom.sg., anyone. mearn: pret. 3sg. of murnan, st.3, to be anxious. 3130a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. hī: they. ofostlīċ[e]: adv., quickly, hastily; MS ofostlīċ.; emended by Ettmüller. 3130b. ġeferedon: pret. 3pl. of ġeferian, wk.1, to carry. 3131a. dӯre: = dēore: adj., masc. acc.pl., dear, precious. māðmas: acc.pl. of māð(ð)um, masc., treasure. 3131b. dracan: acc.sg. of draca, wk. masc., dragon. ēc: = ēac: adv., also. sċufun: pret. 3pl. of sċufan, st.2, to ‘shove’, push. 3132a. wyrm: masc. acc.sg., dragon [worm]. weall-clif: neut. acc.sg., ‘wall-cliff’, sea-cliff. 3132b. lēton: pret. 3pl. of lǣ tan, st.7, to ‘let’. wēġ: masc. acc.sg., wave. niman: st.4, to take [G. nehmen]. 3133a. flōd: masc. acc.sg., ‘flood’. fæðmian: wk.2, to embrace [cf. fathom]. 3133b. frætwa: gen. of fræ twe, fem. pl., treasure. hyrde: masc. acc.sg., guardian [herd]. 3134a. Þ[ā]: adv., then; MS abbreviated þæ t; emended by Thorkelin. wunden: pp. of windan, st.3, twist, (made into rings). gold: neut. nom.sg., ‘gold’. 3134b. on: prep., on to, into. wǣn: masc. acc.sg., wagon, ‘wain’. hladen: neut. nom.sg. pp. of hladan, st.6, to load [lade]. 3135a. ǣġhwæs: gen.sg. of ǣ ġhwæ t, neut. everything. unrīm: neut., countless number; w.gen. 3135b. æþelin[g], masc. nom.sg., prince, hero; MS æ þelinge; emended by Ettmüller. boren: pp. of beran, st.4, to ‘bear’, carry. 3136a. hār: adj., ‘hoary’, grey. hilde-[rinc]: masc. nom.sg., ‘battle-man’, warrior; no gap in MS; inserted by Ettmüller. 3136b.

Hronesnæsse: dat. of Hronesnæ ss, masc., ‘Whale’s ness’.

259

XLIII

XLIII・ Him ðā ġeġiredan Ġēata lēode

3140

3145

 彼のために準備した イェーアタスの国民は

ād on eorðan unwāclīċne,

地上に火葬の薪を、 貧弱ならざるものを、

helm[um] behongen, hilde-bordum,

周りに吊るして、兜と 戦の楯と

beorhtum byrnum, swā hē bēna wæs;

3140

輝く鎧を、 彼が頼んだ通りに；

āleġdon ðā tōmiddes mǣrne þēoden,

それからその真ん中に置いた 名高き君を、

hæleð hīofende, hlāford lēofne.

哀悼する武士たちは 愛する主君を。

Ongunnon þā on beorge bǣl-fȳra mǣst,

それから丘の上で 火葬の火の最大のものを

wīġend weċċan; wud[u]-rēċ āstāh

武士たちは焚き始めた； 薪の煙が立ち昇った

sweart ofer swi[o]ðole, swōgende lē[ġ] wōpe bewunden

3145

― wind-blond ġelæġ ―

黒々と炎の上に、 轟々と鳴る炎が、 泣き声と混ざり合って ― 風が静まった ―

oð þæt hē ðā bān-hūs ġebrocen hæfde

ついに火は骨格を 粉砕した

hāt on hreðre. Hiġum unrōte

熱く心まで。 心悲しい者たちは

mōd-ceare mǣndon, mon-dryhtnes cw[e]alm;

哀悼の辞を述べた 国王の死を悼んで；

3137a. Him: for ‘him’: dat. ðā: adv., then. ġeġiredan: -on: pret. 3pl. of ġeġyrwan, wk.1, to equip. 3137b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. lēode: masc. nom.pl., people. 3138a. ād: masc. acc.sg., funeral pyre. eorðan: dat.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the ground. 3138b. unwāclīċne: masc. acc.sg. of un-wāclīċ, adj., ‘un-mean’, splendid. 3139a. helm[um]: instr.-dat.pl. of helm, masc., ‘helmet’; MS helm; emended by Grein. behongen: pp. of be-hōn, st.7, to hang about (with); w.instr.-dat. 3139b. hilde-bordum: instr.-dat.pl. of hilde-bord, neut., ‘battle-shield’. 3140a. beorhtum: fem. instr.-dat.pl. of beorht, adj., ‘bright’, brilliant. byrnum: instr.-dat.pl. of byrne, wk. fem., coat of mail [byrnie]. 3140b. swā: conj., just as. bēna: wk. masc. nom.sg., petitioner; bēna wæ s, ‘requested’. 3141a. āleġdon: pret. 3pl. of ā-leċġan, wk.1, to ‘lay down’. ðā: adv., then. tōmiddes: adv., in the midst. 3141b. mǣrne: masc. acc.sg. of mǣ re, adj., famous. þēoden: masc. acc.sg., king. 3142a. hæleð: masc. nom.pl., warrior. hīofende: pres. part., masc. nom.pl. of hīofan, st.2 / wk.1, to lament. 3142b. hlāford: masc. acc.sg., ‘lord’. lēofne: masc. acc.sg. of lēof, adj., beloved. 3143a. Ongunnon: pret. 3pl. of on-ġinnan, st.3, to ‘begin’. þā: adv., then. beorge: dat.sg. of beorg, masc., hill, cliff [barrow]. 3143b. bǣl-fȳra: gen.pl. of bǣ l-fȳr, neut., ‘funeral-fire’. mǣst: neut. acc.sg., greatest, supl. of miċel, adj., ‘much’. 3144a. wīġend: masc. nom.pl., warrior. weċċan: wk.1, to kindle [wake]. 3144b. wud[u]-rēċ: masc., ‘wood-smoke’ [reek]; A wud rec; restored by Kemble. āstāh: pret. 3sg. of ā-stīgan, st.1, to ascend. 3145a. sweart: adj., masc. nom.sg., ‘swart’, black. swi[o]ðole: dat.sg. of swioðol, masc. / neut., flame; MS swicðole; emended by Thorpe. 3145b. swōgende: pres. part. of swōgan, st.7, to roar. lē[ġ]: masc. nom.sg., flame; A, B let; emended by Thorpe . 3146a. wōpe: dat.sg. of wōp, masc., ‘weeping’. bewunden: pp. of be-windan, st.3, to mingle. 3146b. wind-blond: neut. nom.sg., ‘wind-tumult’. ġelæġ: pret. 3sg. of ġeliċġan, st.5, to subside. 3147a. oð þæt: conj., until. hē: it = lēġ. ðā: the, that: acc.pl. bān-hūs: neut. acc.pl., ‘bone-house’, the body; w. sg. meaning. 3147b. ġebrocen: pp. of ġebrecan, st.4, to ‘break apart’. hæfde: ‘had’: pret. 3sg., aux. 3148a. hāt: neut. nom.sg., ‘heat’. hreðre: dat.sg. of hreðer, neut., heart. 3148b. Hiġum: dat.pl. of hiġe, masc., mind. unrōte: masc. nom.pl. of unrōt, adj., ‘un-happy’ (one). 3149a. mōd-ceare: acc.sg. of mōd-cearu, fem., ‘mind-care’. mǣndon: pret. 3pl. of mǣ nan, wk.1, to lament. 3149b. mon-dryhtnes: gen.sg. of mon-dryhten, masc., ‘men-lord’. cw[e]alm: masc. acc.sg., death; A cw aln, B ....lm; restored by Kemble.

260

198v

swylċe ġiōmor-ġyd |[Ġ]iatisċ mēowle

3151

[æfter Bīowulfe] [b]unden-heor[de]

ベーオウルフを悼んで 髪を結い上げた人が、

[song] sorg-ċeariġ sǣ[d]e [ġe]neahh[e]

切なく歌い、 熱心に語った、

þæt hīo hyre [hēofung-da]gas hearde ond[r]ēde,

彼女は悲嘆の日々を ひどく恐れると、

wæ[l-f]ylla wo[r]n, [weru]des eġesan,

夥しい殺戮と 敵勢への恐怖と

3155

3150

hȳ[n]ðo [ond] h[æ]f[t]-nȳd. Heofon rēċe s[w]ealg.

3155

Ġeworhton ðā Wedra lēode

3160

更に挽歌を イェーアタスの女が、

屈辱と捕囚を。 天が煙を飲み込んだ。  それから築いた ウェデラスの国民は

h[l]ēo on hōe, sē wæs hēah ond brād,

岬に塚を、 それは高く大きかった、

[wǣ]ġ-līðendum wīde ġesȳne,

波を越えて行く船乗りには 遠くから見えた、

ond beti[m]bredon on tȳn dagum

そして建て、 10 日かけて

beadu-rōfes bēcn, bronda lāfe

3160

wealle beworhton, swā hyt weorðlīcost

戦に勇敢な人の墓標を、燃えかすの灰を 壁で囲んだ、 それを最も壮麗だと

3150a. swylċe: adv., likewise, also. ġiōmor-ġyd: acc.sg. of ġeōmor-ġyd, neut., ‘mournful song’. 3150b. [Ġ]iatisċ: adj., fem. nom.sg., Geatish; MS UV (Kiernan) .iatisc. mēowle: fem. nom.sg., woman; see Com. 3151a. [æfter : prep., in memory of [after]. Bīowulfe]: dat.; MS torn in the top margin; restored by Bugge. 3151b. [b]undenheor[de]: wk. fem. nom.sg. of bunden-heord, adj., with bound-hair; modifies mēowle; B unden heorde; b restored by Grein. 3152a. [song]: pret. 3sg. of singan, st. 3, to sing; MS illegible; restored by Bugge. sorg-ċeariġ: adj., fem. nom.sg., ‘sorrow-careful’. 3152b. sǣ[d]e: pret. 3sg of. seċġan, wk.3, to ‘say’, tell; MS sæ lðe; emended by Zupitza. [ġe]neahh[e]: adv., frequently; earnestly; MS ..neah.; restored by Zupitza. 3153a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; with subj. hīo: she. hyre: ‘her’: ethical dat. [hēofung-da]gas: acc.pl. of hēofung-dæ ġ, masc., ‘mourning-day’; restored by Pope; so Dobbie, Wrenn and M & R, but Jack heregangas, army invasion. 3153b. hearde: adv., ‘hard’, severely. ond[r]ēde: pret. subj. 3sg. of on-drǣ dan, st.7, to ‘dread’, fear; Smith ond.ede; restored by Bugge. 3154a. wæ[l-f]ylla: gen.pl. of wæ l-fyl(l), masc., ‘slaughter-fall’. wo[r]n: masc. acc.sg., a large number (of); w.gen.pl.; MS wonn; emended by Bugge. 3154b. [weru]des: gen.sg. of werod, neut., troop; MS ....des; restored by Smith. eġesan: acc.sg. of eġesa, wk. masc., fear. 3155a. hȳ[n]ðo: acc.sg. of hȳnðu, fem., humiliation; MS hy. ðo; restored by Bugge. h[æ]f[t]-nȳd: fem., ‘captive-need (= distress)’, slavery; MS h.f.nyd; restored by Bugge. 3155b. Heofon: masc. nom.sg., ‘heaven’. rēċe: dat.sg. of rēċ, masc., smoke. s[w]ealg: pret. 3sg. of swelgan, st.3, to ‘swallow’; A, B sealg; emended by Ettmüller. 3156a. Ġeworhton: pret. 3pl. of ġewyrċan, wk.1, to make. ðā: adv., then. 3156b. Wedra: gen. of Wederas. lēode: masc. nom.pl., people. 3157a. h[l]ēo: acc.sg. of hlǣ w, hlāw, masc., mound, barrow; MS h.eo; restored by Smith. hōe: dat.sg. of hōh, masc., hill, mound. 3157b. sē: rel. pron., masc. nom.sg., which. hēah: adj., ‘high’. brād: adj., ‘broad’. 3158a. [wǣ]ġ-līðendum: dat.pl. of wǣ ġ-līðend(e), masc., ‘wave-goer’, seafarer; MS .. līðendum; restored by Wülker. 3158b. wīde: adv., far. ġesȳne: adj., visible. 3159a. beti[m]bredon: pret. 3pl. of be-timbran, wk.1, to build; MS beti. / bredon; restored by Grundtvig. 3159b. on: prep., in. tȳn: masc. dat., ‘ten’. dagum: dat.pl. of dæ ġ, masc., ‘day’. 3160a. beadu-rōfes: masc. gen.sg. of beadu-rōf, adj., ‘battle-brave’ (one). bēcn: acc.sg. of bēacen, neut., monument [beacon]. 3160b. bronda: gen.pl. of brond, masc., fire [brand]. lāfe: acc. sg. of lāf, fem., remnant, left over. 3161a. wealle: instr.-dat.sg. of weal(l), masc., ‘wall’. beworhton: pret. 3pl. of be-wyrċan, wk.1, to surround. 3161b. swā: conj., ‘so’ that. hyt: ‘it’, i.e. bēcn: neut. acc. weorðlīcost: neut. acc.sg., supl. of weorðlīċ, adj., ‘worthy’, splendid.

261

3165

3170

fore-snotre men findan mihton.

賢人たちが 思えるように。

Hī on beorg dydon bēg ond siġlu,

彼らは塚の中に納めた 宝環と首飾りを、

eall swylċe hyrsta, swylċe on horde ǣr

そうした全ての裝飾品を、 先に宝庫から

nīð-hēdiġe men ġenumen hæfdon;

3165

戦に猛しい人たちが 取ってきたところの；

forlēton eorla ġestrēon eorðan healdan,

彼らは貴族の宝を 大地に抱かせた、

gold on grēote, þǣr hit nū ġēn lifað

黄金を土中に、 そこに今なお留まっている

eldum swā unnyt swā hi[t ǣro]r wæs.

人間には無用なまま、 昔もそうだったように。

Þā ymbe hlǣw riodan, hilde-dīore,

それから塚の周りを駆けて 戦に勇敢な人々は、

æþelinga bearn, ealra twelf[e],

3170

貴人らの息子たちは、 全部で 12 人が、

woldon [ceare] cwīðan, [ond] kyning mǣnan,

悲しみを述べ、 王を悼み、

word-ġyd wrecan, ond ymb w[er] sprecan.

哀歌を唱え、 その方のことを語りたいと思った。

Eahtodan eorl-sċipe ond his ellen-weorc

彼らは彼の高貴さを称え そして彼の偉業を

3162a. fore-snotre: masc. nom.pl. of fore-snotor, adj., very wise. men: ‘men’: masc. nom.pl. 3162b. findan: st.3, to find. mihton: pret. 3pl. of magan, pret.-pres., can. 3163a. Hī: they. on: prep., into. beorg: masc. acc.sg., ‘barrow’. dydon: pret. 3pl. of dōn, anom., to put, place. 3163b. bēg: acc.sg. of bēag, masc., circular ornament, ring. siġlu: acc.pl. of siġle, neut., necklace. 3164a. eall: adv., all, altogether. swylċe (..swylce): ‘such (...as)’: fem. acc.pl. of swylċ, ‘such’. hyrsta: acc.pl. of hyrst, fem., ornament, decoration. 3164b. on: prep., in. horde: dat.sg. of hord, neut., ‘hoard’. ǣr: adv., before. 3165a. nīð-hēdiġe: masc. nom.pl. of nīð-hēdiġ, adj., hostile. men: nom.pl. of man, masc., ‘man’. 3165b. ġenumen: pp. of ġeniman, st.4, to take away. hæfdon: pret. 3pl. of habban, wk.3, aux., ‘have’. 3166a. forlēton: pret. 3pl. of for-lǣ tan, st.7, to let, allow; w.acc. & inf. eorla: gen.pl. of eorl, masc., nobleman. ġestrēon: neut. acc.sg. / acc.pl., treasure. 3166b. eorðan: acc.sg. of eorðe, wk. fem., the earth, the ground. healdan: st.7, to ‘hold’. 3167a. gold: neut. acc.sg., ‘gold’. on: prep., in. grēote: dat.sg. of grēot, neut., sand [grit]. 3167b. þǣr: rel. adv., where. hit: ‘it’, i.e. gold: neut. nom.sg. nū: adv., ‘now’. ġēn: adv., still. lifað: pres. 3sg. of libban, lifġan, wk.3, to ‘live’. 3168a. eldum: dat.pl. of ylde, masc., men. swā (..swā): ‘so (...as)’. unnyt: adj., neut. nom.sg., ‘un-useful’, useless. 3168b. hi[t: see above. ǣro]r: adv., before, formerly; MS hi. ...r; restored by Kemble. 3169a. Þā: adv., then. ymbe: prep., w.acc., about, around. hlǣw: masc. acc.sg., mound, barrow. riodan: pret. 3pl. of rīdan, st.1, to ‘ride’. 3169b. hilde-dīore: masc. nom.pl. of hilde-dīor, adj., ‘battlebrave’. 3170a. æþelinga: gen.pl. of æ þeling, masc., prince, hero. bearn: neut. / masc. nom.pl., son. 3170b. ealra: masc. gen.pl. of eal(l), ‘all’. twelf[e]: masc. nom.pl., of twelf, ‘twelve’; w.gen.pl.; MS twelfa; emended by Ettmüller. 3171a. woldon: pret. 3pl. of willan, anom., ‘will’, to want. [ceare]: acc.sg. of ceare, fem., ‘care’; MS, illegible, supplied by Grein. cwīðan: wk.1 / 2, to lament. 3171b. [ond]: ‘and’; no gap in MS; supplied by Holder for metre. kyning: = cyning: acc., ‘king’. mǣnan: wk.1, to bewail. 3172a. word-ġyd: neut. acc.sg., ‘word-song’, elegy. wrecan: st.5, to recite. 3172b. ymb: prep., concerning. w[er]: masc. acc.sg., man; MS w..; restored by Grein. sprecan: st.5, to ‘speak’. 3173a. Eahtodan: pret. 3pl. of eahtian, wk.2, to praise. eorl-sċipe: masc. acc.sg., lordship. 3173b. his: ‘his’. ellen-weorc: neut. acc.pl., ‘courageous deed’.

262

duguðum dēmdon, swā hit ġed[ēfe] bið, 3175

3180

þæt mon his wine-dryhten wordum herġe,

高く評価した、 これが道理にかなっている以上、 3175

人々がその慕わしい主君を 言葉で褒め、

ferhðum frēoge, þonne hē forð sċile

心から愛することが、 彼が去らねばならぬとき、

of līċ-haman [lǣded] weorðan.

肉体より 離されて。

Swā begnornodon Ġēata lēode

こうして泣き悲しんだ イェーアタスの国民は

hlāfordes [hry]re, heorð-ġenēatas;

主君の死を、 炉端の友らは；

cwǣdon þæt hē wǣre wyruld-cyning[a]

3180

次のように述べた、彼は この世の王の中で

manna mildust ond mon-(ðw)ǣrust,

最も柔和な人にして 最も優しい人、

lēodum līðost ond lof-ġeornost.

最も民を思いやり 最も名誉を求めた人だったと。

3174a. duguðum: highly praised: dat.pl. duguð, fem., excellence; (adverbially) highly; derivative meaning of ‘band of veterans’. dēmdon: pret. 3pl. of dēman, wk.1, to value [deem]. 3174b. swā: conj., as. hit: ‘it’: neut. nom. ġed[ēfe]: adj., fitting; MS ged...; restored by Kemble. bið: 3sg. of bēon, anom., to ‘be’. 3175a. þæt: conj., ‘that’; with subj. mon: masc. nom.sg., ‘man’. wine-dryhten: masc. acc.sg., ‘friendly lord’. 3175b. wordum: dat.pl. of word, neut., ‘word’. herġe: pres. subj. 3sg. of herian, wk.1, to praise. 3176a. ferhðum: dat.pl. of ferhð, masc. / neut., heart. frēoge: pres. subj. 3sg. of frēogan, wk.2, to love. 3176b. þonne: conj., when. forð: adv., ‘forth’. sċile: pres. subj. 3sg. of sċulan, pret.-pres., pres., shall, must. 3177a. of: prep., from. līċ-haman: dat.sg. of līċ-homa, wk. masc., body. 3177b. [lǣded]: pp. of lǣ dan, wk.1, to lead; MS illegible; restored by Holthausen. weorðan: st.3, aux., to be. 3178a. Swā: adv., thus. begnornodon: pret. 3pl. of be-gnornian, wk.2, to lament. 3178b. Ġēata: gen. of Ġēatas. lēode: masc. nom.pl., people. 3179a. hlāfordes: gen.sg. of hlāford, masc., ‘lord’. [hry]re: masc. acc.sg., fall, death; MS ...re; restored by Thorpe.

3179b.

heorð-ġenēatas: nom.pl. of heorð-ġenēat, masc., ‘hearth-

companion’, comrade. 3180a. cwǣdon: pret. 3pl. of cwǣ ðan, st.5, to speak; see Com. þæt: conj., ‘that’; with subj. wǣre: subj. 3sg. of wesan, st.5, to be. 3180b. wyruld-cyning[a]: masc. gen.pl., earthly king; MS cyning.; restored by Grundtvig. 3181a. manna: gen.pl. of man(n), masc., ‘man’; ‘manna, which seems to strengthen the supl. idea (‘the mildest of all’)’ (Klaeber’s Notes, p. 230). mildust: supl. of milde, adj., ‘mild’. 3181b. mon-[ðw]ǣrust: supl. of mon-ðwǣ re, adj., gentle; MS .....ust, A mondræ rust; emended by Grundtvig. 3182a. lēodum: dat. of lēode, masc. pl., people. līðost: supl. of līðe, adj., obliging, kind [lithe; G. lind]. 3182b. lof-ġeornost: supl. of lof-ġeorn, adj., ‘glory-eager’, eager for fame [G. Lob, gern].

263

註 解

Commentary to Beowulf 〔本註解は非常に selective なもので、exhaustive なもので

に至る歴代の国王たちの武勇と戦勝と栄華の物語の概略

はない。 本対訳を理解し作品を鑑賞するのに最低限度必

（別に詳しい伝承があったと想像される）が述べられる。

要と思われる範囲に留めた。 本註解の主要部分は、 テク スト作成の上でも参考にした Klaeber, Dobbie, Wrenn, ぞれの註釈を参考にした。 また羽染、 忍足両氏の訳およ

4–52. Sċyld Sċēfing デ ネ 王 国 再 興 の 祖。 Scyld (= shield) は名、 Scefing ‘son of Scef (= sheaf 「麦束」 )’ は 父称 (patronymic) 。伝説的、神秘的な人物。孤児として

び訳註も部分的に参考にした。 学恩に謝意を表する次第

小舟から拾われ、 長じて国難を救い、 四隣を制し、 世継

である。〕

ぎを残し、 自ら船葬を命じ、 亡骸は宝の山とともに大海

Jack, Mitchell and Robinson (M & R) による刊本のそれ

原に返される。 船葬の描写は簡にして要を得、 叙事詩的

1–2. 冒 頭 の、 HWÆT, WĒ GĀR-DEna in ġēar-

壮大さを演出し、最後の Beowulf の火葬の場面と対をな

dagum…ġefrūnon の Hwæ t… は Old English, Old High German などの叙事詩の朗唱を始める際の formula の 1 例。 Cf. Hwæ t! Wē feor and nēah ġefriġen hafað / ofer middanġeard Mōyses dōmas. ‘Lo! We far and near have heard of Moses’ glories on the earth.’ (Exodus, 1– 2). Hwæ t! Wē ġefrūnan on fyrn-dagum / twelfe under tunglum tīrēadiġe hæ leða. ‘Lo ! We have heard in days of old of twelve glorious heroes under the heaven.’ (Andreas, 1–2), etc. Hwæ t は疑問詞の感嘆詞的用法で ‘Lo’, ‘Indeed’, ‘Hear’ に相当する。 なお、 この種の Hwæ t は Beowulf に も ほ か に 6 回 用 い ら れ て い る (240b, 530a, 942b, 1652a, 1774a, 2248b)。 韻律的には Hwæ t は anacrusis（余剰語）で、この半行の Type C の構成要素外で

す。 このように一国を興した英雄王の死で始まり、 滅び

ある。

を服従させたことの比喩的表現。 me(o)do-setl ‘mead-

行く一国の英雄王の死で終わるこの作品の構造は、 この 作品の細部にまで見られる循環構成法 (Niles) の外枠をな し、 国や民族の興亡とそれに係わる英雄の武勇と誉れと いったこの作品の主題にふさわしい。  なお、船葬や武具武器に関しては、1939 年に England は Suffolk 州の Sutton Hoo で発掘された、8 世紀中頃の

East Anglia 王のものと思われる船墓 (ship burial) が、そ の副葬品によって我々の Beowulf 理解を助けてくれる。 Cf. Bruce-Mitford (1972), Evans (1986), 苅部（2006, pp. 124–53）。 5b. meodo-setla oftēah「酒宴の座を奪い取り」は敵国

いずれにしろ、 この冒頭の 1 語は朗唱を始める吟唱詩

seat’ は蜜酒を臣下に飲ませ、贈物を与える広間 (me(o)doheal) の宴席で、一国一城の主権の象徴。5 回用いられて いる me(o)do-benċ ‘mead-bench’ も同じ。

人が聴衆の注意を引き謹聴を促すためのもの。 なお、 こ の 1 行目の頭韻は g ― g のほかに d ― d もある cross al-

literation（交差頭韻）の例。 上記の formula の例から明らかなように、この冒頭句

6a. eorl[as]: acc.pl. of eorl masc., nobleman [earl]; MS eorl; emended by Kemble. 我々はこのように取ったが、 Wrenn は部族の固有名詞 Eorle ((H)eruli) と取り、 ‘the most feared tribe in Europe’ と 解 説 し て い る (Com, p. 184)。

はこれから物語ろうとする詩の主題を述べるためのもの だが、Beowulf では、Gār-dena「槍のデネの」国王たち の過去の「栄光」(þrym) というここでの主題は、イェー アタス (Geatas) の英雄 Beowulf の怪物退治を主題とする 本作品には場違いだと感じられる。Cf. Bradley (Encyclo-

paedia Britannica, 11th ed., sv Beowulf ). この冒頭の 3 行は本詩の序詞 (proem) ともいうべき 4–63 行に直接的に はかかるものである。この部分は本作品の第 1 部（1–2199 行）のもう一人の主人公であるデンマークの Hrothgar 王 とその舞台である彼の宮殿を導入するためのものであり、 この国の（中興の） 祖である Scyld から Beo(wulf)（我々の 主人公とは別人） 、Healfdene, Heorogar を経て Hrothgar

265

15a. þæt: conj., ‘that’. この þæ t は、 直前の fyrenðearfe の具体的内容を同格の that 節で述べたもので、 Beowulf にも何回か用いられている構文であると我々は 解する。しかし Klaeber, Dobbie, Jack などは þæ t を rel. particle の þē / þe に emend している。彼らは節内の動詞 drugon を他動詞と取り（この方がふつうと主張）、 fyrenðearfe を先行詞にしているが、この動詞を自動詞と取れ

ば我々の解釈でよいだろう。なお、Wrenn は þæ t のまま

62. この行は Scribe の筆写の際の遺漏によると思われる

だが、 ‘inasmuch as’ と解している (Com, p. 185)。M &

不完全行。本テクストで補った ӯrse（ユールゼ） の Malone

R も þæ t のままだが目的語節を導き、 fyren-ðearfe とと

(1929) の説も推測の域を出ないため、 我々の参照した editors は慎重にここを blank にしている。次の […, wæ s On]elan については、さらに慎重にここも blank にして いる M & R 以外の editors は受け入れている。本テクス トから得られる情報では単純に Ȳrse はスウェーデン王 Onela と結婚した Hrothgar らの姉妹となる。しかし北欧 資料に基づく Ȳrse は Halga の娘で、父との近親相姦で Hrothulf を産み、嫁いだのも Onela ではなく、Onela の 甥の Eadgils となっており複雑である（苅部 (2006:, pp. 56, 78, 119, 120) 参 照）。 Dobbie (p. 118), Wrenn (p. 186), Jack (pp. 31–32) の註参照。Onela については 2616、2932

もに目的語と解している点で我々とは異なる。

16b. Līf-frē[ġe]a の frē[ġe]a は lateW-S で frēa と語幹 が本来の 2 音節から 1 音節に短縮された。しかし Beowulf の韻律からは短縮されない 2 音節が必要な場合がある。

Klaeber, M & R などはこれを表示するのに短縮された語 幹音節と語尾音節の上に circumflex をつけて表示してい るが、初心者のためには frē[ġe]a のように非短縮形に戻 す Wrenn (1958, pp. 31–2) の方式が分かりやすく、これ に 従 っ た。 以 下 に 同 様 な 例 を い く つ か 挙 げ る。 25b.

ġeþēo[ha]n, 512b. rēo[wo]n, 629b. Wealhþēo[wa]n, 1048b. l[e]h[i]ð, 1058b. dō[i]ð, 1116b. dō[a]n, etc.

行で言及される。

63a. Heaðo-Sċilfingas 語尾の -as は -es (gen.sg.) の late form; cf. 2453a yrfe-weardas, 2921a Merewīoingas, etc.「戦の」シュルヴィンガスはスウェーデン王朝の名で、 それに属する個人も示し、ここでは Onela のこと。

18a. Bēowulf シュルドの息子。 無論、 我々の主人公 イェーアタスのベーオウルフとは別人。前者は本来 Bēow, Bēaw であったものを書記生が書き間違ったものか。 20–25. 国が栄えるには、 平時に主君が臣下に高価な贈 物を与え、 戦時に臣下がその恩義に報いて武勇で主君に

73. folc-sċare 「共有地、入会地」は国民のもの、feorum gumena 「人の命」は神の定めるものゆえ、臣下（人

奉仕する reciprocal な社会が必要である。ゲルマン人は

間）には分配できない。

こうした主従関係を理想とした。

78b. Heort 牡鹿 (hart) は王権の表象。Sutton Hoo の 47b. seġen g[yl]denne「黄金の旗」は王権の象徴。Sutton Hoo の船墓の副葬品にも王旗があるが、 鉄製のスタ ンド型のものである（苅部 (2006, pp. 130–32) 参照）。

船墓から頭部に牡鹿を象った王笏が見つかっている。 苅 部 (2006, pp. 133–34) 参照。

79a. his wordes ġeweald 「言葉の支配力」とは支配者 。 53. ここから節 (fitt) 分けが始まる（これ以前は Proem） 全体で 43 節あるが、物語の構造を symmetrical な型に分 ける働きについては、Bolton (pp. 77–79) を、また fitt 分 けが詩人によるものか写字生によるものかの議論は M & R (pp. 6–7) を参照。

60b. rǣswa[n] を Dobbie, Klaeber, M & R, Jack らは dat.sg. と取って前行の Đǣ m (Healfdene)「彼には」と同 格で「武将には」と解しているが、我々のように nom.pl. と取って、次行の 3 人の男子をその variation とする方が 構文上自然だと思われる。娘 (Ȳrse) は次行で追加される。

が武力（腕力）と並んで言葉（命令）によって示す権威・威 信のこと。

82–85. 宝物を分配する宴会の広間の落成を語る直後に その未来の焼失を予言する。このような予言 (anticipation) の技法は Beowulf 詩人の特技であり、聞き手・読者に（恐 らく何度聞き・読んでも）驚きと深い無常観を与えないで はおかないだろう。

83b. ne wæs hit lenġe þā ġēn. この句の意味は ‘it was then not longer yet (that…)’「（…は）その時はもうずっと 先のことではなかった」 であろう。 このことは類句の

134b–35b Næ s hit lenġra fyrst, / ac ymb āne niht eft ġefremede「もっと先のことでなく、/ 一日後に また行 なった」 からも明らかなことである。 Dobbie (pp. 119– 20) は lenġe を副詞の比較級 lenġ の variant と取って、‘nor was it [the time] very far [distant], when…’ と訳していて

61b. til ‘good’ は Halga だけを修飾して奇異に思える が、このように三つの並列した（固有）名詞の最後のもの に epithet が付くのは、Homer によくある ancient idiom で、 OE, ME や他のゲルマン詩にも見られる； cf. 2434

(Klaeber, Notes, p. 128)。

266

参考になる。 しかし Klaeber を始め、 最近のすべての

スト教的要素は旧約聖書の枠を出ないというのが定説で

editors が、lenġe を ‘belonging to, near at hand’ の意の形 容 詞 と 取 り ‘nor was the time yet near at hand / the time has not yet come’ などと解しているが、意味が逆になる。 Jack (p. 33) の議論参照。

ある。Cf. Whitelock (1951, pp. 5 ff.)

84b. āþum-swē[orum] 「義理の息子と義理の父」とは Ingeld と Hrothgar のこと。Hrothgar は敵国 Heathobardan の王子 Ingeld に娘の Freawaru を争いを静めるための peace-weaver として嫁がせるが効果なく、Heorot は焼け 落ちる。Cf. 2020–32. āþum-swēoras は珍しい dvandva-compound （並 列 複 合 語） の 例。 ほ か に 1164a suhterġe-fæ deran (= nephew and uncle)。 書記生はこの 単語をよく知らずに āþum (= with oaths), swerian (= to swear) と解した可能性から、Klaeber, Jack は swerian を swēoran ‘father-in-law’ に emend し、語尾 -an は -um (dat.pl.) の late form と見てそのままにした。しかし Dobbie, M & R は -um に emend している (swēorum). 我々は これに従った。Wrenn (p. 187) は MS reading で、emend

93b. swā wæter bebūgeð ‘as (far as) the water surrounds (it)’ は 1223 行の efne swā sīde swā sǣ bebūgeð ‘just as wide as the sea surrounds’ の類例とみなされる。 しかしこの swā は関係詞に近く、‘which water surrounds’ と訳せる (Wrenn’s Com, p. 187)。 128. æfter wiste wōp ‘weeping after feasting’. こ の ような対句による対比の妙はこの作品の特徴。 Cf. gyrn

æ fter gomene (1775a) ‘affliction after joy’, etc. 142a. 「広間の占拠者」と訳した原文 heal-ðeġnes は文 字通りは ‘hall-thane’ で、「広間（宮廷）で仕える近侍の武 士」。この Hrothgar の家来にふさわしい語を Grendel に 用いることによって、 詩人は皮肉な交替を鮮やかに示す

(Klaeber, Wrenn)。かって heal を hel ‘hell’ (cf. fēond on helle 101b) に修正する提案がなされた (see Dobbie) が不

する必要なしとしているが、理由は述べていない。

要だろう。

86a–107a. 怪物 Grendel の導入節。その名は 102 行で

147a. xii. wintra tīd「12 年間」 「年数」に winters を

初めて示される。その語源 grand (= bottom or ground of

用いる例はよくある。ここの 12 のほか作品中に出てくる

a water) から派生した *grandil からとする説が有力 (Klaeber)。北欧神話では、怪物・怪獣は人間界と異界との狭

数は、在位の 50 年 (1498b, 1769b, etc.)、12 人 (3170b)、

間にある沼地・湖・海をその棲家と定められていて、 人

13 番目の男 (2406b)、15 人の一行 (207b) など (cf. Klaeber’s Notes, p. 133) 多数あるが、どれだけの意味がある

間に害されたと思うと、そこから出てきて復讐する。

か不明。

Grendel は Heorot で夜毎催される宴の席での歓楽の音 151b–54a. Grendel wan / hwīle wið Hrōþgār hetenīðas wæg, / fyrene ond fǣhðe fela missēra, / singāle sæċe 「グレンデルがなしたことが、 / 長い間フロ− ズガ−ルに対し 敵対行為を、/ 悪行と血讐を、 何年間 も / 絶え間無い攻撃を」から、 Grendel の攻撃が直接は Hrothgar に対してであることが分かる。

（楽人が朗唱する天地創造の歌など）に腹を立てたと、 そ の来襲の動機が、 次に、 神によって追放されたカインと 神によって滅ぼされた巨人族の生き残りの血を引くと、そ の血筋が述べられ、 詩人によって神への反抗者と規定さ れている。現代的視点からみれば、Grendel のような怪人 は、その力の増大に危険を感じた支配者（神や王）から追 放されたり、 権力闘争に破れて、 アウトローになった者 が、 後に神話化・伝説化されて人類の外敵となったもの

156b. fēa þingian「金銭で解決する」Grendel は殺人に

とも言える。苅部 (2006)「グレンデルは怨霊だった」(pp.

対し wergild「人命金」を Hrothgar に支払って争いを解

106–23) 参照。

決するゲルマンの風習を守ろうとしないこと。 あとは復 讐しか残されていないが、 相手は手強く倒せる者がいな

91–98. 天地創造の物語。この旧約聖書の Genesis (i, 16 ff.) に似た物語が朗唱されたというのは、 Hrothgar 王の 時代（6 世紀）がすでにキリスト教になっていたからでは

い悲劇的状況になった。人命金に関しては 470 行で Hroth-

なく、 ８世紀中頃と想定されるキリスト教徒の詩人とそ

を次男の誤射で失った悲しみ、 人命金も取れず復讐もで

の聴衆の時代に、Cædmon の Hymn のように歌われた習

きない絶望的状況を嘆く。

gar は Beowulf の父が犯した殺人にそれを払って解決し たと述べる。本作の後半イェーアタスの Hrethel 王は長男

慣が作品に取り入れられているのであるが、 我々にアナ クロニズムをあまり感じさせない。Beowulf におけるキリ

159b. ēhtende wæs be 動詞＋現在分詞からなる迂言

267

的用法は、 ここでは 「継続」 を表す。 myndġiend wǣ re

248b. ēower sum この sum は顕著な人を一人、ある

(1105b), seċġġende wæ s (3028b) も 同 様 (Klaeber’s Notes, p. 134).

いは重要な事物を一つ選びだす強調用法で、 ‘a notable

one’, ‘an important thing’ の意だという (Wrenn’s Gloss, p. 290)。271b, 314b, 1113b, 1312a 参照。

168a–69b. 難解な箇所と言われ種々の解釈が行われて きた (Dobbie, pp. 125–6, Jack, p. 38 参照 )。結局、（主 ‘

261b. heorð-ġenēatas「直臣」 文字通りは「炉端の友」 で、「炉」 heorð ‘hearth’ が広間の中心、即ち王権の象徴 の一つであり、 ġenēat はそれに与かる者をいう。このほ かに 4 例ある： 1580b, 2180a, 2418b, 3179b.

君と臣下の間での贈物の授受が行われる）神によって、聖 域と見なされている（Hrothgar 王の）玉座には、神に反抗 する悪魔のような異界の怪物 Grendel は近づことを許さ れなかった’、との意に解する。

175a–86a. （先の造物主を称えるくだりと対照的に）国難

287b–89b. 沿岸警備の武士のこの格言的 (gnomic) な speech について Klaeber は註 (p. 1139) で、この言葉は、

に遭って異教神崇拝に後退するデネ人の姿は詩人や聴衆

この武士の先きほど取った自分の公式的な態度に対する

の記憶にある祖先の姿でもあったのではないか。 神を忘

言 い 訳 で、 ‘it was my duty to scrutinize your words and

れた者を哀れみ、 神を信じる者を祝福するこの後半は詩

your conduct’ という気持ちを代弁したもの、と解釈して おり同感。更に、‘自分は格言の聡明な武士のように、お

人が聖職者であることを窺わせる。

主の言葉と行いをそれぞれ吟味して、 矛盾なく真実であ

194b. Hiġelāces þeġn「ヒュエラークの近侍の者」 叙 事詩によくある例で、主人公の Beowulf という名は 343 行まで出てこない。Grendel: 86a–107a. の註参照。Beowulf の語源は ‘bee + wolf = bear’（蜂蜜を好む wolf とは

ると判断し得た’、とその自信を誇って （それとなくおもね

いる。 結局は同じ解釈になるにしても、 我々の解釈の道

熊のことで、腕力の強さの象徴）が代表的説。

筋のほうが良いだろう。

て）いる点も見逃せない。 Jack (p. 45), M & R (p. 57) は

288b ġesċād を ‘distinction’ ではなく ‘meaning’ だとして

198b–228b. Beowulf とその一行の船出と航海の描写

299a–300b. Klaeber が、文脈は Beowulf だけでなく、

は、 短いながらも、 聴衆・読者に爽快感を与える叙事詩

一行全員に言及していると見て (Notes, p. 140)、297b の

ならではの醍醐味。帰国の航海の描写 (1896a–1913b) も

lēofne mannan (wk. masc. acc.sg.) とそれを受ける単数の

同様。

関係代名詞 swylcum (masc. dat.sg.) は集合的用法である としている。Wrenn はこれに反対して、まず、298b の行

204b. hǣl sċēawedon「吉兆を占った」 むろん、吉と

末にコロン（我々はセミコロン、対して Klaeber, Dobbie

出たということ。 事を始める前に吉兆を占うゲルマンの

はコンマ） を打って構文を文法的にはっきりさせることを

風習については、Tacitus, Germania, chap. x 参照。

提 案 し て、 ‘to such a valiant warrior it will be granted

207b. fiftӯna sum「彼は 14 名を連れて」 主語（ここで は understood されている）と同格で、 ‘one of fifteen’, i.e.‘with fourteen others’ を意味する用法。2401a, 3123a

う訳文で解釈を示している (Com, p. 191) が賛成。 gōd-

も同様。

ろう。

that he will survive the fury of the fight unharmed’ と い fremmendra swylcum の直訳は ‘to such a person of the brave ones’ だが慣用的には Wrenn の訳のようになるだ

225a. Wedera lēode 「ウェデラスの人々は」 Wederas は Geatas のこと。 Weder-Ġēatas の略形で ‘weather (= storm) loving Geatas’ の意。韻律上の要請（w の頭韻の必 要）と epithet 効果によってしばしば用いられた。

303b. Eoforlīċ ‘boar-figures’. ゲルマン社会で兜の猪 像が武士の命を戦場で守るという信仰については、Tacitus,

Germania, chap. 45 を参照。そのような兜は England で も Benty Grange などで発見されている（M & R, p. 58 参 照） 。Sutton Hoo の兜では、天頂ではなく眉庇の左右の端

237a–57b, 287b–300b. 沿岸警備の武士の誰何と受け応

に頭部を横にして金箔の猪像が付いている（Jack, p. 46,

えの見事さに舌を巻く。 詳しい分析はシッピー著・苅部

苅部 (2006, p. 136 参照）。

恒徳訳『作品研究「ベーオウルフ」』、pp. 14–20 参照。

304a. hlēor-ber[g]an (dat.pl. of hlēor-berg, fem.,

268

‘cheek- guard’, i.e. helmet). Dobbie (p. 132) は Malone

受けた恩義に報いるためにやってきたのだ’、と言う。こ

の説にならい無修正。 根拠を ME (Chaucer) bēre, beer

のことには Beowulf 自身は一言も触れない。二人の性格・

‘pillowcase’ に 求 め、 MS hlēorberan を hlēor-bēre ‘cheek-covering’, fem. noun の dat.pl. と取る。

意識・立場の違いは明らかである。 この点に関しては苅

305b–6a. ferh-wearde hēold, / gūþ-mōd gr[i]mmon.

378. ġif-sċeattas Ġēata. Ġēata は objective gen. で、 この句は ‘gifts for Geatas’ の意。国家・部族間の贈物の 交換については Tacitus, Germania, chap. xv 参照。

部 (2006, pp. 22–23) 参照。

「命を守った、/ 好戦的な（像）が獰猛な者たちから」  問題 のある箇所。本テクストは Klaeber, Dobbie と同じく、MS

grummon を grimmon (grimm ‘fierce, grim’ の dat.pl. (-on は -um の late W-S form) ‘over the grim ones’) に修正。

Wrenn (pp. 191–2) は MS reading を採り、 grummon を 動詞 grimman ‘to rage, become excited’ の過去複数形と 取り、305 の行末にコロンを打ってこの 306a 半行を独立 させ、‘The hearts of the warriors were filled with excitement’ と解釈している。

379a. þance: dat.sg. of þanc, masc. ‘thanks’ は Klaeber’s Gloss では ‘satisfaction, pleasure’ だが、tō þance で、 ’to the satisfaction of (Geatas)’ の 意 か。 Wrenn (p. 193) ‘as a mark of esteem’, 忍足「友好親善のしるしとし て」 、Jack (p. 50) ‘for (their) pleasure, to please them’, M & R (p. 60) ‘for a gift’ 参照。

331b. wlonc hæleð「誇らかな男」とは 348a にその名

383a. West-Denum Dene に東西南北が冠せられるの

と出自が語られる Wulfgar で、 Wendlas (= Vandals) の

は意味内容に関係なく、 頭韻と韻律の要請から。 Ēest-:

人。Wrenn (p. 192) は彼が Scyldingas の人でなく、Hroth-

392a, 616a, 828b; West-: 383a, 1578b; Sūð-: 463b, 1996a; Norð-: 783b.

gar に仕える冒険心に富む同じ外国人としてのよしみか ら、 Beowulf に丁重に話すのだと強調しているが、それ

387a. sibbe-ġedriht ‘kinsman-band’. Beowulf と そ

だけか？

の一行とも、デネの人々とも取れる。ここでは Wrenn (p.

357a. unhār (MS) Klaeber, Dobbie の修正した anhār も意味は同じで、very grey (intensive pref. an-, un- ‘very’ + hār ‘hoary’)。 Wrenn (p. 297) は ‘Open’ a and u are easily confused in later O.E. scripts’ と述べて、MS reading を採っている。

193) の ‘Bid [them] to come in and see [our] noble company’ にならい後者に解するが、 Klaeber (p. 142), 羽染、 忍足は前者に解している。M & R (p. 61) はこの語は統語 的に前の動詞 sēon ‘see’ の目的語にしかなり得ないので、 デネの人々を指すとしている。

358b. for eaxlum ġestōd「肩先に立った」 for は ‘before’ の意の前置詞。Klaeber は for eaxlum で ‘before the face’,‘in front’ と註を付けているが、正面ではなく肩先に

389b–90a. MS には gap はないが、89a と 90b が頭韻を 踏まず、 意味も続かないことから脱落は明らか。 我々は

Klaeber の復活を採ったが、 Wrenn は Grein の [Þā tō dura healle / Wulfgār ēode,] にならっている。 他の提案 については Dobbie (p. 136) 参照。なお、Jack, M & R は 補充をせず半行二つ分を blank にし、 Kiernan は gap を 認めず、MS reading である。

立つのが謁見の作法だという（羽染訳註）。

368a. Hӯ on wīġ-ġetāwum「彼らは武装を見るに」on は「身に纏う」意で Hӯ にかかる形容詞句と取る (Klaeber) のがふつう（羽染訳「戦いの衣を纏った彼らは」、 忍足訳 「物の具を身にまとったるかの者らは」 ）だが、この文脈で

407a. Wæs = wes, imper. sg. of wesan ‘to be’. æ と e の

は 「貴人らの尊敬に値するように思われる」 根拠が示さ

混同は両者が同じ発音 [e] になった late Kentish の特徴；

れなくてはならないので、on wīġ-ġetāwum を ‘in respect

cf. þæ s 411b, spræ c 1171 b (Wrenn, p. 193). Beowulf で

of war-gears’「出で立ちを見るに」と解したい。Beowulf

は wes 5 例に対し、wæ s は本例のみ。

では外見（態度・武具・武器）が常に重視され言及されて

445a. mæġen Hrēðmanna 「フ レ ー ズ 人 の 軍 勢」 Hrēðmen = ON Hreiðgotar, OE Hrēðgotas (Widsith, 57) は Geatas と同じと見る Grundtvig による説。Wrenn (pp. 193–4) の mæ ġen hrēð-manna ‘the force of glorious

いるが、この点が明確になる。

372a–89a. この Hrothgar の最初の speech と次の 457– 90 行の speech には驚かされる。‘彼の宮廷で幼少時をす ごした Beowulf は今や 30 人力の優れ者に成長して父が

269

men’ はユニークな解釈。これに M ＆ R は従っている。 もう一つ、Schücking の mæ ġen-hrēð manna ‘the pride of

earth should ever, beneath the heavens, care more about glorious deeds than he himself did.’ と訳しているが、賛

men, the flower of men’ とする解釈があり、Jack が従っ

成。

ている。

446a. hafalan hӯdan「私の頭を布で隠す」 埋葬の際、

572b–73b. Wyrd oft nereð / unfǣġne eorl, þonne his ellen dēah! 「運命はしばしば守るもの、 / 死の定め

死体の頭部を布で巻いたスカンディナヴィアの古い習慣

なき武士を、彼の勇気が衰えぬときは！」 死の運命も絶

への言及。‘死体は Grendel にすっかり食われてしまうの

対ではなく、勇気ある者を避けて通ることもあるという、

で葬式の必要はない’、の意。

このやや矛盾した運命観はゲルマンの英雄社会に特有の ものか、あるいは predestination と free-will という中世

455b. Gǣð ā wyrd swā hīo sċel!「運命は常に成るよう にしか成りません !」 Beowulf の無常観ではなく、死を

の大問題の前触れか（Wrenn, pp. 195–96, 忍足訳註） 。い

覚悟した決意を述べたもの。 勝算のない闘いにも臨む勇

ff.)。

ずれにしても Beowulf が述べるにふさわし教訓 (cf. 2291

気の証。 また勝敗を決する運命・神の意思への従順も示 す。

457a. For ġewyrhtum こ の 句 の 文 字 通 り の 意 味 は ‘because of deeds done’ で、 訳文 「恩返しのため」 は、 Klaeber’s Notes (p. 145) の ‘ref. to the good services rendered to Beowulf’s father, 463 ff ’. に 従 っ た も の で、 Hrothgar が Beowulf の父のためにしてやった調停を指す。 しかし Wrenn (p. 301) は Grundtvig の修正に従い For were-fyhtum, ‘for defensive warfare, i.e. in order to fight in our defence’ と取っており、意味が neutral になる。忍

612b ff. この Wealhþēow の語源は wealh (= foreign; cf. Wales) + þēow (= captive (carried off in war)) で、略奪花 嫁か (also cf. 1162 ff.)。Jack (p. 64) は第 1 要素は *wala ‘chosen’ で異教神に仕える ‘chosen servant’（巫女？）に 由来するとする説を支持している。 Grendel’s mother、 Modthrytho (cf. 1931 ff.) を除く本作の女性たち、Hygelac の妃の Hygd (cf. 1980 ff.)、Hrothgar の娘で Ingeld に 嫁 し た と い う Freawaru (cf. 2020 ff.)、 Finn に 嫁 し た Hildeburh (cf. 1071 ff., 1114 ff.) は皆、気品のある魅力的 な貴婦人。 王妃、 王女は宮廷の公の場でも重きをなす。

Tacitus, Germania, chap. viii 参照。古英語文学全体の女

足訳「われわれを守るために闘い」。

性像については、Chance (1986) 参照。

466b. ġimme-rīċe: neut. acc.sg., ‘glorious kingdom’ 我々は Wrenn, M & R の MS reading に従った。Klaeber, Dobbie, Jack は MS gimme を、Ettmüller の emend に従 い、形容詞 ġinne, ‘spacious’ の scribal error と解してい

                        

622a. sinc-fato sealde. 「高価な杯を献じた」 Sutton Hoo の出土品に見られるような角杯 (drinking horn) は Beowulf には出てこない。

る。

648a–51a. 先行する多くの editors に従って Dobbie と Wrenn (pp. 196–97) は meahton の前に ne ‘not’ を挿入し、 oþ ðe ‘until’ を oþðe ‘or’, ただしここでは ‘and’、と取っ てこの箇所を ‘defining the time (night) when the fight is to take place’ と解しているが不賛成。原文のいじりすぎ だし、理屈っぽい。Wrenn の改訂版 (1973) で Bolton は ne を取り去っている。Klaeber のように、‘(Grendel had meditated battle) from morning until evening’ と 素 直 に 解する方が、 Grendel の執念深さとそれを知っている Hrothgar の思いにふさわしい。Grendel は Heorot を襲い

489b–90a. ond onsǣl meoto / siġe-hrēð seċġum 「胸 の思いを明かしたまえ / 勝利の栄光を武士たちに」と闘い を前にした宴席で豪語を促していると取るのが我々の解 釈だが、Wrenn (pp. 194–95, 273–274) はこれと異なる解 釈を示している。 それは ond on sǣ l meoto / siġe hrēð-

seċġa ‘and in due season listen to the victory of glorious warriors と解し、‘余興の scop の lay を聴きたくなっ たら言ってくれ’、との意味。 505a. ġehēdde. Klaeber, Wrenn は こ れ を ġehēgan ‘to carry out’ の仮定法過去 3 人称単数形と取っているが、

占拠するのは夜であるが、 攻撃の思いは一日中抱いてい

Wrenn-Bolton (p. 247), Jack (p. 58), M & R (p. 64) はこ

は、Grendel と重なって優れた描写である。

るのである。 この後半、 夜の黒い影の訪れを述べた箇所

れを ġehēdan ‘to care for’, w.gen. と取り、Jack はこの箇 所を、‘because he would not allow that any other man on

696b–700a. Grendel に対する Beowulf の勝利は、この

270

ように戦う前に予言されている。Grendel の母親との戦い、

199) は Klaeber (p. 156) と対立している。Klaeber が ‘the Danes heard the wailing from the wall(s) of their sleeping apartments.’ と寝所の壁から悲鳴を聞いたと解してい る の に 対 し、 ‘of wealle seems best taken to refer to the position of the Danish guards of Heorot, who would be at the outer wall and at its gate.’ と Heorot の外壁への言及

火龍との戦いについても同じ。 聴衆・読者は結果を早々 と知ったうえで、そこに到る過程を、詩人の巧みな話術・ 描写力によって、じっくり味わうことになる。

719a. heardran hǣle 「これよりひどい悪運で」 この 解釈は Wrenn (p. 198) に従ったもので、heardran: worse: compar., fem. dat.sg. of heard, adj., ‘hard’, severe. hǣ le: dat.sg. of hǣ lo, wk. fem., fortune となる。しかし Klaeber (pp. 154–55) はこの句を動詞 fand の目的語である healðeġnas と同格とみなし、acc.sg. とあえて取っているが無

と解しており、そのほうが良い。

804. ac hē siġe-wǣpnum forsworen hæfde「彼は勝 利の武器を、  呪いをかけて役立たずにしていた」 それ は彼が se ellor-gāst (807b) 「異界の霊」つまり怨霊だっ たからである。forsworen を ‘renounced’ の意味にとり、

理がある。

hē が Beowulf を指すとする説を Jack (p. 74) は支持して いるが、文脈に合わない。 721a. drēamum bedǣled「喜びを奪われて」 Klaeber (p. 155) は Grendel に対する類似の epithets を拾ってい る： 105a. won-sǣ lī「幸薄き」 、973a. fēa-sċeaft「惨めな」 、 809b–11a. mōdes myrðe 我々が「（人間に対し）心痛 975a. synnum ġeswenċed 「罪 に 苦 し め ら れ」、 1351b. （をもたらし）」と訳した句を Wrenn (p. 276) は ‘murderearm-sċeapen「惨めな生き物」。 ous in heart’ の意の主格補語と取り、myrðe が ‘murderous’ の意の形容詞だと主張しているが、ほかに形容詞用 法がなく無理なようだ。Jack (p. 75) はこの箇所を ‘he who 726b–27b. him of ēagum stōd / liġġe ġelīcost lēoht unfǣġer 「彼の両眼からは出ていた / まるで炎のような had formerly carried out upon mankind many afflictions 恐ろしい光が」 of the heart, wicked deeds’ と訳して、 mōdes myrðe と  怪物 Grendel の（心理と違って）外見は（恐 らくわざと細かく説明されないので）よく分からない。闇 fyrene が同格の gen.pl. (with late OE -e for -a) で、fela の生き物であるゆえ、 当然かもしれない。 白日の下にさ ‘many’ にかかると見ている（Klaeber も同じ）。M & R は らけ出されるのは、 彼の体の一部である、 もぎ取られた ‘he who had previously done to the race of men much 右腕と切り取られた頭だけである。 彼の母親の女怪もそ injury of spirit [and much] violence’ と訳し、fela ‘much’ うだが、 得体の知れなさが、 かえって恐怖心を起こさせ は gen.sg を取るので myrðe, fyrene は gen.pl. ではなく る。 gen.sg. と解している（Dobbie も同じ）。Jack と M & R の 違いはどちらも可能なのでどちらが良いとは言えないが、

749b. wið earm ġesæt この earm を Beowulf のもの と取り、 ‘[B] sat up supporting himself on his arm.’ の意 に解する Klaeber (p. 155) に対し、Wrenn (p. 198) は、こ の earm を Grendel のものと取り、‘he sat up violently so as to drive back Grendel’s arm’ の意と解しているが、こ

我々はより単純な M & R と同じになった。文脈的意味は 「Grendel はこれまで人間に心痛と危害を与えて来た（がそ れも最後だ）」と単純なものであろう。

811b. 挿入句的「彼は神と不和だった」は Grendel が Cain の末裔であることを改めて暗示したもの。

の方が動的で良い。

763a. wīdre: compar., neut. acc.sg. of wīd, adj., ‘wide’. ここでは副詞の wīde の比較級 wīdor が要求さ れる構文であるが、実際には我々の Glossary で示したよ

これまでに多くの議論がなされてきて、 Frank (1986) に

845b. mere. ‘Grendel’s mere’ が湖か海かについては、

うに形容詞の比較級が用いられている。 疑問を懐いた筆

かないだろう。 用語と描写からはどちらとも取れる場合

者たちが一つの解決法を Campbell, OEG, 670, f. 3 の

が多いが、これは韻文では ‘sea’、散文では ‘lake’ の mere

‘The acc. sg. neut. of compar. adj. is rarely used adverbially; a possible example is wīdre, Beow. 760.’ に見出し

の意味区分を詩人がわざとはずしているからである。

よれば、 淡水派と海水派に分かれるというが、 決着はつ

た。

‘Grendel’s mere’ 論には、topography のほかに（地獄論よ り広い）異界論の視点の導入も必要であろう。 Jack (p. 110), our Com 1357a–76a, 1408a–41a 参照。我々は ‘人

785a. of wealle 「壁 越 し に」 こ の 句 で も Wrenn (p.

里はなれた岬の先端で、 崖から滝が入り江に落ち込む裏

271

側の海底’、と解している。

異国で死ぬ。 デネの国民がこうして国王不在の悲惨な 状況にあったとき、 Scyld がやってきた (cf. 14b–16a)。

862. Nē hīe hūru wine-drihten wiht ne lōgon「とは いえ彼らは親愛なる主君を 少しも非難しなかった」

Klaeber (p. 158) はこの句を ‘Note the delicacy of feeling and the author’s unshakable respect for kingship’ と賛美 し、Wrenn もそれに共感を示しているが、筆者らにはそ

Heremod の挿話、特に「罪業が彼にとりついたのだった」 (915b) の内容は、再び「フロースガールの説教」の始め の部分 (1709b–24a) で悪い exemplar として述べられる。 902b–03. mid Ēotenum ‘among the Jutes’ は Ēotenum を固有名詞と取っているが （本テクスト、Klaeber, Dobbie, 忍足）、普通名詞と取って ‘among the giants’ と解するこ ともできる（Wrenn, 羽染） 。 これと連動して on fēonda ġeweald を前者であれば ‘into the power of enemies’ と、 後者であれば ‘into the power of devils’ と解するのがふつ う。Ēotenum は ‘Jutes’ であれば Ēotum となるはずであ るが、Scribe が eoten ‘giant’ の dat.pl. eotenum と混同し たためか。1145a も同じ。

う単純には受け取れない。 詩人がここで言い訳をせねば ならぬほど、偉業をなし遂げた異国の英雄となし得なかっ た自国の王との関係は微妙。 言い訳・皮肉とさえ取るこ とも可能な句。

870b–71a. word ōþer fand / sōðe ġebunden 「新たな 言葉を見つけた、 / 正しく連なった」とは、 ‘作詩法に則 り新たに頭韻詩を即興的に作って歌った’、の意。

874a. wordum wrixlan「言葉を入れ換えて」Beowulf の戦いを即興詩で歌ったことだが、Oral-formulaic theory （口承定型句理論）が頭に浮かぶ。 ゲルマンの頭韻詩であ れば、 主題に合わせ、 半行単位で韻律を崩さずに頭韻を 踏む可変語を換えていくやり方である。『新英語学辞典』 （研究社、1982）の同項目参照。

874b–915b. Scop（吟唱詩人）による Beowulf 賛美の歌

960b–62a. Ūþe iċ swīþor / þæt ðū hine selfne ġesēon mōste, / fēond on frætewum fyl-wēriġne! 「私はむし ろ望んだのです、/ 殿が奴自身を ご覧になられることを、 / 武装した敵が 倒れているのを！」 Hrothgar 王は、Beowulf の Grendel 退治の現場を見て いない。彼はその夜 Heorot を Beowulf 一行にゆだねて 寝所に引き揚げた。 （後で Grendel の母親退治のときも湖 底の棲家から血が沸きあがってくるのを見て引き揚げる。 ）

が自然と教訓的に、英雄 Siġemund（語源は siġe (= vic-

引用の Beowulf の言葉は非難ではなく、武勇を誇って ‘お

tory) + mund (= hand, protection), i.e. victorious protector) とそれとは対照的な悪王 Heremōd（語源は here (= army) + mōd (= mind, courage), i.e. war-minded man） の歌へと移るのは Beowulf に特徴的。三つの歌 (lays) が

見せしたいほどだった’、という意図で述べられたもので あろう。 英雄自身による手柄の報告は叙事詩における語 りの手法と言えるもの。

984b–87a. 「どの指先にもあった、 / 硬い爪の一本一本

並べられているのではなく、全体で一つの歌。 戦に勝ち、巨人族を倒し、龍を退治した Sigemund の

が、 まるで鋼鉄のような、/ 異教徒の手の爪が、 闘技

挿話 (874b–900b) は、今 Grendel を倒した Beowulf の

士 (G) の」

drapa（讃歌）であると同時に第 2 部での彼の龍退治の伏線

難解な箇所。Klaeber は分かりにくい MS steda ‘of the places’ を st[īðr]a‘firm, hard’ (masc. gen.pl.) に換えて st[īðr]a næ ġla ġehwylċ を ‘each of stiff nails’ と解するグ ループに属する。また MS egl を eġlu と修整して ‘hateful’ の意の形容詞に取り、 並列している unhēoru ‘monstrous’ と共に hand-sporu‘hand spur, claw’ (fem. nom. sg.) を修飾すると解している。Wrenn は MS steda を残 し、 steda næ ġla ġehwylċ を ‘each of the places of the nails’ と解するグループに属している。彼はこの句を ‘each socket’ と意訳していて一層分かりにくいが、結局、「指 先」 (cf. Clarke, MLR, 29, 320) のことであろう。彼はま た MS egl も残して ‘talon’ の意の名詞に取っている。 こ れ ら に 対 し、 M & R, Jack は 新 説 を 出 し て い る。 ġehwylċ があるので、 同義で redundant な ǣ ġhwylċ を

をなす。 宝庫を守る龍を一人で退治して、 宝を舟に積ん で持ち帰った英雄は、 北欧伝説では息子の Sigurdr (ON,

in Vǫlsunga Saga), Sigfrit (MHG, in Nibelungenlied), Siegfried (ModHG, in Wagner’s Der Ring des Nibelungen) となっている。 879b, 889b. Fitela は ON Sinfjǫtli の短縮・変形。Sigemund とその妹 Signý との間の子供なので、Sigemund の 甥 (881a) であると同時に（Beowulf では incest なので恐 らく故意に述べられていないが）息子でもある。

901–15. Heremod は、 始めは勇名を馳せ傑出した人物 だったが、 後に急変して残忍な悪王になり、 追放されて

272

ǣ ġhwǣ r に、 意 味 の 通 ら な い MS の stedanæ gla を stedenæ ġla (gen.pl. of stedenæ ġl, ‘firm nail’; cf. stedewong, ‘firm ground’) にそれぞれ emend する解釈である。 我 々 は stedenæ ġla の 修 正 に は 従 う が、 ǣ ġhwylċ を ǣ ġhwǣ r に変える必要は認めない（redundant は本作では よくあること）。ǣ ġhwylċ は前の fingras (= fingers) との 連想があり、 foran ǣ ġhwylċ を 「どの指先も」 と訳した

に修正して一致させている。なお、þæ t は conj. で ‘so that’,

him は前々行の helmes を受ける。 1044a. Ingwina Hrothgar の Dene のこと。 語源は ‘Ing’s friend’。Tacitus が Germania, chap. ii で北海の部 族名としている Ingvaeones（語源は ‘the worshipers of Ing’）に由来。Cf. Runic Poem, 67 ff.

い。

1018b–19. nalles fācen-stafas / … þenden fremedon 「決して裏切りを、 / …その時は行なわなかった。 」 将 来行なわれる裏切りとは、今は仲のよい甥の Hrothulf（弟 Halga の息子）が後に反乱をおこし、 Hrothgar の王子た ちを殺してしまうデネ宮廷の悲劇のこと。Heorot の完成 について述べた直後にその未来の焼失に触れた (82b–85) のと同じ allusion の手法が効果的。なお Hrothulf は北欧 伝説では Hrǫlfr Kraki として有名。Widsith, 45 ff. 参照。 1020b. brand: neut. nom.sg., ‘burning’, i.e. sword [brand] (our Gloss). Grundtvig 以 降、 MS brand (= sword) を bearn (= son) に修正し、brand Healfdenes を Hrothgar を表す主語とする解釈がふつうだった。Klaeber もそれに従っている。Wrenn は brand Healfdenes を換え ず に、 Hertha Marquardt (Anglia, 60, 391 ff.) に 従 い、 Healfdenes hildewisa (= Healfdene’s battle leader) (1064) のように Hrothgar を表す一種の kenning と取って いる。しかしこの brand はこの後に列挙される贈物の一 つである剣を指し、父 Healfdene からの伝来の物である、 とする最近の Watanabe (2005, pp. 11–23), Jack (p. 86)

1056–62. 何についての言及かはっきりしない箇所だが、 この詩人好みの教訓と解する。‘人類を支配し給う神の御 心を洞察する知恵が大切であると同時に、 この世の喜び も苦しみも神の定めとして受け入れる気持ちも大事であ る’、との意。

1066–1159. The Finn episode として知られる一番長い digression。ストーリーの詳細は余り明確ではないが、同 じ物語の一部が、The Finnesburg Fragment として 48 行 分残存しているところを見ると、 この物語は AngloSaxon 人によく知られていた復讐譚らしい。 Healf-Dene (1069a) は、デネ軍の一部かデネに仕える かデネに住むかしていたジュート族の一部。それで「半」 デネという。その長 Hnæf (1069b, 1114b) は、妹 Hilde-

burh (1071a, 1114a) が和平のための (peace-weaver) 政略 結婚で嫁がせた、 Eotan（1072a, 1141a, 1145a; ジュート 人） と Fresan（1093b, 1104a; フリジア人） の王である Finn (1081a, 1096b, etc.) の宮廷を訪問中に夜討ちに遭って死 ぬ。その際の戦闘で Hildeburh の息子も殺され、彼女は 兄と息子を同時に失う悲運に遭い、 彼らの亡骸を火葬す る (1107a–24b)。 休戦後 Hnæf の家来の、武将の Hengest（1083a, 1091a, etc.; Horsa と England に来たという Hengest と同一人物 か？）と生き残りが Finn の宮廷で冬を越す (1127b–45b)。 Finn 王は宮廷ではデネ人もフリジア人と同等に扱うとい う休戦協定を約束する (1085b–1106)。 春になって残った家来の Hunlafing が Hengest に剣を 贈って復讐心を煽り（Jack はこれを臣従の儀式と取って いるが疑問）、帰国した家来の Guthlaf と Oslaf が軍を率 いて戻ると、 Finn を居城で殺害し、 Hildeburh を略奪し た宝と共に故国に連れ戻す (1136b–59a)。

らの解釈が良い。

1031b. wal[u] 修 正 さ れ た walu (Dobbie, Wrenn, Jack) も wala (Klaeber, M & R) も意味は多分同じで、‘a crest over the crown the helmet, going from front to back’ (Jack, p. 87). 前者は strong fem. nom.sg. で、後者 は weak masc. nom.sg. また 1031a wīrum bewunden は ‘an inlay of ornamental wires decorating the crest’ (Jack, p. 87) を指す。Sutton Hoo の兜も同様の造り（苅部、2006, pp. 136–7 参照）。 1032. þæt him fēla lāf frēċne ne meah[e] 「（鑢をか

1071–72a. Nē hūru Hildeburh herian þorfte / Ēotena trēowe. 「実際ヒルデブルフは 称える必要はなかった、 エーオタンの忠誠を」は、 peace-weaver として Finn に 嫁いだ Hildeburh は兄と息子の命を奪われるという夫ら の裏切りにあったことを指す。Nē…herian þorfte は頻出 する litotes（緩叙法）の最たるもの。結局「彼女はエーオ

けた） 鋭い刀もそれを 激しく傷つけることができなかっ た」 主語の lāf が単数なのに動詞 meahton (MS) が複数で一 致を欠くので、 Klaeber, Jack, M & R にならい meahton を単数の meahte に修正した。Wrenn は lāf を複数の lāfe

273

そのまま āð ( = oath) と取るかで異なる解釈になる。前者

タンの裏切りを非難する理由を持った」の意。

は我々や Klaeber, Wrenn, Dobbie, M & R らの解釈であ

1085b–1103. この箇所について註釈者たちは reference が Finn 方か、 それとも Hengest 方かで混乱している。 Wrenn (p. 205), Jack (p. 92) は 1085b 行の hiġ を Hengest and his men と取っている（しかし次行の hīe は Finn’s men と取って矛盾）が賛成できない。ac を ‘but’（前の節に否定 詞の ne があるので ‘and’ なのだが）と訳しているのは、 Hengest が戦況を利用して休戦条件を出したのだと思い

るが、戦死した Hnæf の火葬の準備が出来て、薪と一緒 に燃やすべき黄金が蔵から引き出されたと解する。 これ は Beowulf の火葬の薪の上に彼の鎧兜のほか龍の宝庫か ら持ち出された宝物や黄金が載せられたという描写

(3134–40) に一致し、すぐ後に出てくる Hnæf の火葬の 薪の上に彼の鎧兜を載せたという描写 (1111–12a) と合わ せると、二人の貴人の火葬がパラレルになる。 後者の解釈は Whitelock (1951, p. 18) の主張に基づい

込んだためか。 一方、我々や Klaeber (p. 172), Dobbie (p. 173) は逆で、

1085b 行の hiġ は Finn’s men, him は Hengest’s men で、 86a 行の hīe、him も前行とパラレルとする。従って休戦 条件は、Hengest 側にかなわないと見た Finn 側が提案し たものと取る方が自然。M & R はどちらも convincing だ として決定を避けている。Ogawa (1989, pp. 152–55) は 1085b–94 行を引いて、4 個の本動詞 (budon, gerӯmdon, weorþode, wenede) と 1 個の助動詞 mōston の用法を論じ

て、Bolton (1973, p. 140), Jack (p. 93) で述べられたもの。

MS のままでも、戦死した Hnæf とその家来に対する人命 金 (wergild) として与える約束を果たすために Finn が宝 庫を開かせた、と自然に解せる以上、emendation は必要 ないとする意見である。

1116–17a. ond の前後が論理的には逆になるべき hysteron proteron（前後倒置）の例 (Klaeber)。Cf. 2126.

我々と同じ結論に達している。

1097a. elne unflitme 「疑いのない熱誠をもって」 MS unflitme は意味不明の語だが、 この半行を ‘with undisputed zeal’ と一応解している Klaeber に従った。Jack は Rosier (1966) と Bliss (1982) に従い、この unflitme は 1129a の unhlitme ‘ill-fated’ と パ ラ レ ル と み な し、 un[h]litme に emend し、 ‘with ill-fated courage’ と解し ている。Dobbie は Kock (Anglia, 42, 109) に従い、コン マを入れて elne, unflitme とし ‘strongly and indisputably' と取っている。 しかしいずれも十分な解決になっていな

1117b–18a. この嘆きの歌を歌った女性は、兄と息子を 同時に葬った Hildeburh に相違ない。ここから連想され るのは、老王 Beowulf の葬儀で、泣き女になった女性へ の言及である。それについては 3150b の Com 参照。こ のように喪主の女性は泣き女を務める習慣があったので あろう。

1135. この行は次行の wuldor-torhtan weder を先行詞 とする「先行する」関係節で、前の ōþer ġēar のヴァリ エーションと取る。この点 5 人の註釈者も一致。

い。

1151b–52a. Ðā wæs heal hroden / fēonda fēorum 1099b–1100. この箇所についても、 1085b 以下と同じ 「それから広間は染められて、/ 敵同士の血で」 MS hrodく、 reference が Finn 側か、 Hengest 側かに分かれる。 en を Wrenn を除く我々の editors（Bolton を含む）は Klaeber (p. 172) は Healfdene（Hengest 側）への言及で Bugge に従い roden, ‘reddened’ に emend している。Beあると解し、þæ t を ‘provided that’, 1104a 行の þonne を owulf では戦のたびに 「血染めにされた」 と描写される が、 色彩語 「赤」 に関する言及は意識的に避けられてい ‘on the other hand’ と gloss しており、我々もそれに賛成 るように思える。詩人は色彩語の使用をできるだけ控え、 する。Dobbie (pp. 173–74) は þæ t を 1098a のそれとパラ 明暗（武具と炎の輝きと夜の闇等）と音（武具、格闘、建物 レルとみなし、ここは多分 Frisians への言及であろうと 述べ、次の 1101 行を ‘nor should they [the Frisians] ever や船の軋み、歓楽、音曲、悲鳴、炎の轟音等）による描写 に努めたようだ。 mention it’ とはっきり Frisians への言及と解しているが 賛成できない。

1197–1214a. Beowulf に贈られた首飾りは、 伝説的な 1107–8a. Ā[d] wæs ġeæfned ond i[n]ċġe-gold / āhæfen 「ブローズィンガスの首飾り」(1199b) 以来、これ以上立 派なものがない逸品である。Hama (1198b) は主君の、残 of horde. 「火葬の薪が用意された、 そして大量の黄金 が / 宝庫より引出された」 忍非道で悪名高い東ゴート族の王 Eormenric から、元は ここは MS að を ād (= funeral pile) に emend するか、 Brosingas 族のものという首飾りを奪い、後に「永遠のご

274

利益」 を選んで (1201b)（キリスト教徒として？）死ぬ。

る。 しかしそれなら、 呼び出しに朗報を期待して赴いた

Wealhtheow から Beowulf に贈られた首飾りは、彼から Hygelac の妃の Hygd (2172ff.) に進呈されたが、 夫の Hygelac がフリジア人との戦いにこれを身に着けて行っ

かどうか尋ねてくれるな」 の意味がなくなる。 Jack (p.

て戦死した際に、 フリジア人と同盟を組んでいたフラン

り、’the festivities of the previous evening’ への言及、と

ク族に奪われる顛末が語られる。 これが繰り返し述べら

解しているが疑問。

彼と Hrothgar との問答、 「夜は健やかでしたか」「健やか

107) は、この句を ‘after his invitation to pleasure’ と取

れる Hygelac 王の戦死についての最初の予告。彼のやや 無意味な死は Beowulf の意味のある死と比較・対照せざ

1333a. fylle ġef[æ]ġnod「ご馳走に満足して」 Wrenn (p. 251) は MS gefræ gnod ‘made notorious’ を保持し、 fylle を fyllo ‘feast’ ではなく fyll ‘fall, death, slaughter’ の dat.sg. の ‘by that deadly deed’ の意に取り、この句を

るを得ない。

1201b. ġeċēas ēċne rǣd「彼 (Hama) は永遠のご利益を 選んだ」は、盗人とも言うべき Hama が後に、現世的に

「悪行で名高い」のように解しているが文脈にはそぐわな

もキリスト教的にもご利益に与ったこというのは矛盾す

いし、想定されている動詞 ġefrǣ ġnian の存在も疑わしい

るようだが、13 世紀のサガでは、Eormanric から略奪し、

(Jack, p. 108)。

家来を殺したことを悔いて修道院に入ったことになって いる。1760a の Com 参照。

1340a–43a. Dobbie (pp.191–92) は 41–2 行を挿入句と 取り、43a 行の hreþer-bealo hearde「激しい苦痛」を 40b

1204–09b. Hygelac 王はこの最後の遠征には、例の首飾

行の fǣ hðe「怨み」とパラレルで hafað ġestǣ led「（怨み

りのほかに「宝石」の「装飾」の付いた「宝物」とも言

を）晴らしたのだ」の目的語に取っているが、構文を複雑

うべき元は 「戦利品」 の豪華な武具を身にまとい武器を

にして意味を分かりにくくしている。 筆者らはここの構

携行していたことを強調した一節。

文 feor…þæ s þe þinċean mæ ġ…hreper-bealo hearde を

‘(so) far...as it may seem…hard distress!’ と解したい。 1214a. hrēa-wiċ hēoldon「屍の住まいを守った」とは 1343b–44b. 息子 Grendel の復讐に来た母親は、Heorot の破風に吊るされた息子の腕 / 手を取り戻し (1302b–03a)、 代わりに、 殺した廷臣 Æschere の手を残して去った (1343b)。後で Grendel 親子の棲家へ向かった Hrothgar と Beowulf の一行は、崖の上に Æschere の首が晒されて いるのを見て悲しむ (1417b–21b)。棲家で母親を退治し た Beowulf は（Æschere の首の代償のごとく）死んで横 たわる Grendel の首をはねて (1590b) 持ち帰る。ここに Grendel と Æschere の「腕 / 手」と「首」の平行関係が 見られる。Whitbread (1949) 参照。 （この項、本書校閲の

「死屍累々だった」こと。

1231. druncne dryht-guman dōð swā iċ bidde 「酒 に酔うて家来たちは 私の言う通りにしてくれます」 現 今では drunken 「酒に酔うて」はネガティブな意味合い を持つが、 Beowulf の世界では、 主従の絆は宴会での宝 物の授受と飲酒によって確認される。この妃 Wealhtheow の言葉によって、 主君の酒を飲み酔うことは忠誠の証で もあることが分かる。

1278b. sunu [d]ēo[ð]「息子の死」sunu は標準形 suna (gen.sg.) の Northumbria 形か。修正した [d]ēo[ð] (Dobbie は標準形の deað) も Northumbria 形。 Cf. deoth in Bede’s Death-Song (Wrenn).

際に示された渡辺秀樹教授のご教示に基づく。）従って

Æschere の手は文字通り手で、 M & R が言うように Æschere の synecdoche（提喩）ではないと見る。 1357b–76a, 1408–41a. Grendel と母親の棲家。作中最

1320a. æfter nēod-laðu[m]「お望みどおり」 Klaeber に従ったが、 Wrenn (pp. 209–10 and 277) はユニークな 解釈を提案している（Gloss から判断するところ M & R も） 。nēod-laðu[m] の nēod は ‘desire’ ではなく、nēd (W-S nīed, nӯd)‘necessity’ の late OE 形であり、laðu は ‘invitation’ なので、この句の意味は ‘in accordance with the urgent summons’ となり、 Beowulf が緊急呼出しを受け

も詳細な自然描写。 北欧のフィヨルドに落ち込む陰気な 荒れた山の崖の実際の記憶 (cf. Grettissaga, chap. 66) と

Visio Pauli (The Vision of St Paul) や Aeneid, vi などの地 獄の描写の文学伝統が混ざり合ったものか。 従って近代 的な写生文を越え、 シンボリックなメタファーを喚起し つつ真に迫った描写になっている。Beowulf と The Vision

of St Paul の影響を受けたと思われる 10 世紀末の The Blickling Homilies の第 16（旧 17）話で、St Paul がこの世

て何か異常事態の発生を感知したことの表現と解してい

275

の北方を眺めた時の光景が Beowulf の描写とよく似てい

い、 āglǣ ċan を Beowulf を指す gen.sg. と取って目的語

る (Klaeber (pp. 182–83), Wrenn (p. 210), Jack (pp.

にしているが無理であろう。

109–10) 参照 )。 1384–89. ここで Beowulf は武士として友の仇を討って

1570a. Līxte se lēoma「一条の光が差して」Klaeber は ‘i.e., the light mentioned in 1516’ と註 (p. 188) を付けて

復讐を遂げること （合法的な復讐） 、生前に武勲をたて、死

いるが、 誤解を招く。 確かにこの棲家には灯火がついて

後に名を残すことの大切さを訴える。 実際、 彼はそれら

いた (1516b) が、女怪を倒した時、改めて Grendel の死

を実行し実現するヒーローである。

体も照らす明るい光に気付いたか、あるいは（神の恵みに より）新たな光が差したのであろう。 それは続く、 lēoht

1399–1491. デネとイェーアタスの一行の Grendel の棲

inne stōd「内部が明るくなった」以降からも分かる。

家への遠征では、 湖水が血で沸き返る岸辺の崖の上に

Æschere の生首を見出したときのデネ人の悲しみがハイ

1584a. lāðlicu lāc「忌まわしい戦利品」の lāðlicu はデ

ライト。Beowulf が身につける鎖鎧、兜、Unferth の貸し

ネの視点から見た形容詞。Grendel の「戦利品」として仲

てくれた名刀 Hrunting への賛美がいかにも英雄叙事詩ら

間が連れ去られたのは憎むべき忌まわしいことであるの

しい。この刀が実際には役に立たず、持ち主 Unferth の

で。

名折れになる。

1584b. Hē him þæs lēan forġeald「彼 (G) にその借り 1410. enge ān-paðas, uncūð ġelād 「狭 い 寂 し い 道 を、未知の道筋を」は Exodus, 58 と同一。

を返した」の forġeald に Klaeber は ‘pluperf.’ と註を付 けているが、誤解か。Jack も訳からそう解していること が分かる。誤解の原因は Heorot で右腕をもいだときに復 讐を果たしていたからとの解釈に基づくのだろうが、 7、

1492–1617. Grendel の母親との闘いは互いに刀を使っ ての闘いだが、Grendel との闘いに比して描写がやや単調

と、 彼らの毒血で刀の刃が氷柱のように溶ける。 海面を

8 行 前 の ac hē hraþe wolde / Grendle forġyldan gūðrǣ sa fela 「彼は願った、すぐに / グレンデルに仇を討つ ことを、 幾多の奇襲の」 (1576b–77b) と矛盾する。Beowulf は、今、死の床に横たわっている Grendel を見つ

見守っていたデネの一行は水が血に染まるのを見て帰る

け、 その首をはねることによって今回初めて、 いわば完

が、イェーアタスの一行はむろん留まる。Grettissaga, 66

全な形で復讐を果たしたのである。解釈の違いは、1585b

に主人公の Grettir が水中の洞窟に入って女怪を退治し、

行の tō ðæ s þe の意味が曖昧であることにもよる。Klaeber

か。 あわやというときに由緒ある古刀を発見し、 それで 女怪を刺し殺し、 Grendel の死体を見つけて首をはねる

剣の柄を持ち帰る、という似た話がある（谷口幸男訳『ア

始め、学者たちが ‘to the point that / until / so that’ とい

イスランドサガ』（新潮社、1979）267–68 ページ参照）。

ろいろに解しているがいずれも当てはまらず、 ここでは コンテクストから ‘because’ と取るのが良いようだ。羽染

1508b. nō hē þæ[s] mōdiġ wæs を Klaeber は ‘no matter how brave he was’ と訳している (Notes).。この解釈 は正しいだろう。Cf.. 968b.

訳 「彼に仇を報じた、 それゆえ・・・発見するにいたっ たのだ」/ 忍足訳「既に報復を遂げていたが、今や・・・ 目のあたりにすることになった」参照。

1512a. āglǣċan: nom.pl. of āglǣ ċa, wk. masc., monster. Klaeber は Glossary でこの語を gen.sg.(?) として いる。理由は後述の M & R のように Beowulf を指す可 能性を見たからか。Klaeber も自信がなかったために？を

1596a–99b. 水面に血が沸きあがるのを見た Hrothgar 王 とその一行が Beowulf が倒されたと思い、Beowulf の家 来を残して引き揚げるときに、詩人が付け足したもの。非 難を前もって排除するための一種の言い訳で、 修辞法で

prolepsis（予弁法）という。

付けたのであろう。 従ってもう一つ可能な解釈は、 この で、 半行は先行文 (1509b–11b) の要約（つまりパラレル文） 先行文の主語 wundra þæ s fela ‘so many of wonders’ と

1618–76. 凱旋した Beowulf は古刀の柄と Grendel の首

sǣ -dēor moniġ ‘many a sea-animal’ に並べて āglǣ ċan ‘monsters’ を主語に用い、動詞 ēhton の目的語 (Beowulf ) を省略したとするものであろう。我々はこれを採った。M & R は動詞 ēhton の意味上の主語 ‘the sea-monsters’ を補

級を勝利の印として Hrothgar に贈り、古刀を見つけて復 讐を遂げた経緯を述べる。

1671–76. 構文上は 1673a 行の þeġna ġehwylċ「近侍の

276

武士の各人は」は前行の mid ‘with’ に支配されず、1671b

1741b–42a. se weard 「番人」と sāwele hyrde 「魂の

の þū と並んで主語（述部は þū と共用） 。1674a の duguðe

守護者」とは ‘良心、知性、理性’ のこと (Klaeber, p. 191)。

ond iogoþe は前行 þeġna のヴァリエーション。1674b の him は 1676a の eorlum を指す。

1743b–47. 1743b の bona は 177a の gāst-bona と同じ で ‘devil’ のこと。「信仰の盾」を持たぬ者は「悪しき者

1675b. on þā healfe 「あの方面からは」 とは Grendel

の火矢」 を消すことができない (Ephesians, vi, 16)； cf.

とその母親から、また彼らの棲家からの意。 

Anglia, 30, 128ff. 1747a の wōm wundor-bebodum 「邪 悪な怪しい唆しによって」は前行 biteran strǣ le「鋭い矢

1681b–86. 既述の内容を繰り返し redundant に感じられ

によって」とパラレル。

るが、 口承の場合に多い要約的説明で、 口承詩から発達

1700–84. Hrothgar は贈られた柄の図柄とルーン文字を

1759b. þæt sēlre ġeċēos「あのより良きものを選ぶがよ い」 は多分 Luke, x, 42: Mary has chosen that good part (AV) のエコー。þæ t sēlre は 1739b の þæ t wyrse「より悪

見て、やおら「説教」を始めるが、この説教は教訓（癖）

しきこと」と対照。 「より悪しきことを知らず」とは絶頂

的な作品のモチーフとそれと同じ Hrothgar の性格にマッ

期にあること。

した叙事詩の特徴と見ればよいのではないか。

チ し て い る。 Klaeber (p. 190) は ‘this address of the

1760a. ēċe rǣdas「永遠のご利益」 前行の þæ t sēlre の

king’s forms an organic element in the structural plan of the epic, …it is entirely in harmony with the high moral tone, the serious outlook, and spiritual refinement of the poem.’ と註で述べて積極的に評価している。 しかし筆者らは（そして恐らくは Beowulf も）この説教

ヴァリエーション。 この句は議論の多いところだが、 キリスト教的解釈 （Goldsmith (1970) など）を採るかゲルマン的世俗的解釈 （Donahue (1965) など）を採るかで意味が違ってくる。前

に好感を持てない。 前途有望な青年に対する心からの忠

者の場合は、 「神の法（十戒など）を遵守して永遠の救いを

告というより、 Hrothgar の国王の体面を保ち精神的に優

願う」ことになり、後者の場合は、 「死後（永遠）に残す名

位に立とうという、最初の謁見の speech から続いている

声を選ぶ」 ことになる。 同句が古英語キリスト教詩の

Daniel 30b と Exodus 516b にも用いられているが、前者

老獪さの方が強く感じられるからである。 まず Hrothgar は 1700–9a 行で、 若くして力と分別

の意味である。

（mæ ġen mid mōdes snyttrum (1706a)「腕力を心の分別と

しかしこの説教ではそう単純にキリスト教的意味か世

共に」 ； 前行の (eal) hit はこれを指す）を備えた Beowulf

俗的意味かではなく、 「永久不変に勧められる」と信じら

が将来長く国民を治めることになると予言する。 ここか

れている「生き方」といった倫理的なものである。Hama

ら自然に訓話に移り、既に 901–15 行で宮廷歌人によって

についても同句が用いられている（上掲の 1201b の Com

語られた Heremod について触れ、反面教師として彼から

参照）。Hama の場合はこれほど文脈がないのではっきり

学べと述べる (1709b–24a)。

しないが、漠然と「立派な生き方をした」といった、や

次に説教そのもの (1724b–68) に入り、 ‘神の恩恵で王

はり倫理的な意味であろう。

国を与えられたにもかかわらず、 王は繁栄の中でそれに

す。このあと直接 Beowulf に呼び掛け、ēċe rǣ das「永遠

1760b. oferhӯda ne ġӯm「傲慢など心に懐かぬように」 この一句に Hrothgar の説教の趣旨が要約されている。 しかしこの 「傲慢」 の意味となるとこれまた、 前の ēċe rǣ das 同 様 意 見 が 分 か れ る。 文 脈 を 見 る に こ こ で の oferhӯda は、教父たちの言説を援用している釈義派の研

の ご 利 益」（1760a の Com 参 照）(cf. Wrenn’s ‘eternal

究者たちが主張している意味よりずっと狭いと思う。 一

salvation’) を選ぶことを勧める。最後 (1769–84) は、自 分は 50 年間デネの支配者として無敵を誇っていたところ へ、Grendel に侵入されて運命の逆転が訪れたが、今こう

名の王の例から言えることは、 あまりにも順風満帆の現

気づかず、 やがて慢心し貪欲にかられ宝の分配者たる務 めを忘れ、他者に取って代わられる’、と説く。ここでは 先の Heremod を例に引いた訓話の精神を、今度は神学的 な理屈と戦の比喩を用いた凝った修辞で一般的に述べ直

つは、家臣たちに贈物をせず滅びていった Heremod と無 在に慢心した王が貪欲に陥ることである。 もう一つは

して彼の首級を眺められることを神に感謝する、と結ぶ。

1762b 行以降で語られる、今、力ある者にも、やがて訪

なお、苅部恒徳 (2007) 参照。

れる死を忘れない (memento mori) 心を持つことである。

277

1763–68. Klaeber はこの説教調の 「連辞多用」 (oððe ‘or’) に注意を促し、 ‘the rhetoric of a preacher (such as Wulfstan’ と述べ、67a の forsiteð ond forsworceð「明る 効 果 に も 目 を 向 け て い る； cf. 1751a forġyteð ond

Þrӯðo: gen. of Þrӯð と取りユニークである。 Offa との挿話では「じゃじゃ馬ならし」のテーマが語 られる。気性の激しい Modthrytho は求婚者を殺すという 罪を犯したが、アングル族の Offa と結婚した後は別人の ように優しくなった。この Offa I への名君としての賛美

forġӯmeð「忘れて無視する」。

と一族繁栄の記述は、 その子孫でこの作品と何らかの関

さが失われ暗くなる」 のような接頭辞の繰り返しによる

このように人に死をもたらす要因のカタログは Homilies

係があると思われる Mercia の王 Offa II への間接的オマー

に用いられるものだが、 古英語詩でも、 The Fortune of

ジュではないかと言われている。

Men, 10–57; The Seafarer, 68–71 にも見られるものであ 1963–2151. 無事帰還した Beowulf を迎えた Hygelac 王

る。

の言葉 (1987–98) には危険な遠征に息子を出したくなかっ

1803a. この半行に当たる部分は MS にはない。Sievers (Anglia, 14, 137 ff.) による再建の sċīma æ fter sċeadwe は Wrenn に採用され、我々が従った。Klaeber はこれを少 し変えて、 sċīma ofer sċeadwa としている。意味はどち らも「闇の後に光りが」である。dat. をとる æ fter の後の sċeadwe は dat.sg. で、 acc. をとっている ofer の後の sċeadwa は acc.pl. である。多分文脈からしてそのような

た親の気持ちに似た情愛が窺われる。Beowulf が Hrothgar に語った「国人らに説得されてきた」(415–17) という言 葉と矛盾するが、 それぞれの立場と気持ちの違いが表れ ていてそこがむしろ面白い。 Beowulf は報告の最後で

Hygelac に対する親愛の情を示す。 2020–69a. Beowulf の報告で初めて明かされるいくつ かの事実のうち最も重要なのがこの Freawaru への言及で ある。Hrothgar の娘 Freawaru が宴会で酌をなさったが、 彼女は Heathobardan 族の王子 Ingeld と婚約中であると

語句が来るとは想像されるが、 半行丸ごとの再建は大胆 すぎるのか、Dobbie, Jack, M & R はブランク。

1807–12a. Heht þā… この箇所の構文、従って意味の 取り方は、Hoops (1932) に従った Wrenn (pp. 214–15) の

の言及から、 過去や未来の関連のあるエピソードへ連想

ものが有力で、羽染訳、忍足訳、本訳もこれによる。もっ

の結婚によって和平の絆が結ばれるどころか、 かえって

ともこの MS leanes ‘gift’ を lǣ nes ‘loan’ に修正する説は

両民族の敵意を目覚ますことになると述べる (The Heatho-

の翼に乗って脱線するこの作品の特徴に従って、 結局こ

Klaeber (pp. 192–93) が ‘If we venture to take lēanes = lǣ nes…, the interpretation becomes greatly simplified’ と羨望したものである。違いの元は Klaeber が MS leanes ‘gift’ に従ったために 1808a の sunu Eċġlāfes (= Unferth) を dat. ではなく nom. で前行の se hearda とパラレルの主 語と取らざるをえなかったことによる。これだと Unferth が Hrunting を Beowulf に「贈物」として与えることにな る。Jack (p. 135) も MS leanes ‘gift’ に従うグループで、 本文中に記述はないが、 ‘すでに返却された Hrunting を Unferth が今度は贈物として Beowulf に与えた’、と解し たいとしている。Dobbie (pp. 207–08), M & R (p. 108) と も 2 説を紹介して判定を控えている。 1931b. Mōdþrӯðo. MS mod þryðo を三者三様に解 釈。我々が従った Klaeber (pp. 198–99) は固有名詞で主 、Dobbie (pp. 215–16) は mōd 語（原義は ‘mind-strength’） ‘proud (?)’ は形容詞で Þrӯðo が固有名詞で主語、Wrenn (p. 275) は複合語 mōd-þrӯðo ‘violence of character, arrogance’ で目的語（ただし第 3 版で Bolton は固有名詞 Mōdþrӯðo に変更）と取っている。最近では Jack (p. 140) は 固 有 名 詞、 M & R (p. 112) は mōd: acc. sg., ‘pride’,

bardan Episode, 2024b–69a)。Beowulf はまた、Grendel の犠牲になった部下が Hondscioh (2076a) だったこと、

Grendel が獲物を入れる龍の皮で出来た巨大な手袋を下 げていたこと (2085b–91a) を明かす。

[XXVIIII–XXX] 文の途中だが（MS では前節最後の moston にはピリオドが付いてはいる）、この行 (2039) か ら新しい fitt が始まることは確か。しかし写本にはない。 XXVIIII–XXX の挿入は Klaeber による。Dobbie にはな し、Wrenn は XXIX。Kiernan (1996), pp. 264–70 に写本 における fitt number の欠落についての詳しい説明と推論 がある。

2042a. eald æsċ-wiga「老いた槍の戦士」は Finn Episode の Hunlafing と同じく復讐心を煽る役を演じている (cf. 1143–44)。 2152b. eafor-hēafod-seġn: masc. / neut. acc.sg., ‘wild boar-head-banner’. 3 語複合語は Dobbie に従った。 Klaeber, Wrenn は 我 々 と 意 味 は 同 じ だ が、 eafor (,) hēafod-seġn と切り、同格と取っている。このような切り

278

方をしながらも、Jack (p. 153), M & R (p. 121) は hēafod-

2247–66. 亡んだ一族の財宝を洞窟に納めて守ってきた

seġn の意味を ‘a sign [symbol] of special importance’ と

最後の生き残りが歌うエレジー。 償い得ない息子の死に

取っている。 猪像は兜に使用されるのがふつうだが、 こ

対する深い悲しみのあまり崩御した Hrethel 王の話 (2435–

43, 62b–71) からこれまた（Beowulf によって）連想され

こでは旗になる。

た悪事をなして絞首台の露と消えた息子に対する父親の

2153–99. 波瀾含みのデネ宮廷に比してイェーアタスの 宮廷は平和で、Hygelac, Hygd の国王夫妻と甥の Beowulf

悲しみの挽歌 (2444–62a)、英雄の死に対するイェーアタ

とは信頼と友好の関係にあることが強調される。

(3169–82) 等、嘆きの歌が第二部では支配的。

2167–71. ここでの甥の叔父に対する忠実は Hrothulf の Hrothgar（とその王子たち）に対する不実・反逆と暗示的

2291–93a. このように unfǣ ġe「死の定めなき（者）」と fǣ ġe 「死の定めある（者）」とを意識的に分ける運命観は Beowulf 詩人に特徴的で、決して勧善懲悪的ではないが、

スの女 (Hygd?) の哀悼歌 (3150–55a)、 幕切れの葬送歌

に対照されている。

勇気ある者や傲慢を免れている者は神（や絶対者）の恩寵

2179b–80a. nealles druncne slōg / heorð-ġenēatas「決 して殺めたことはない、酔った炉端の友らを」  Heremod

を得やすい、と考えているようだ。572–3 行ほか参照。

2292b–23a. sē ðe Waldendes / hyldo ġehealdeþ 「「支

と暗示的に対照されている。

配者」の恩寵を受ける者は！」は文法的に ‘he whom the

2181–89. Beowulf の力に対する最上級の賛美は（最後の やはり最上級の賛辞に準ずるもの） 、すぐあとに、こんな

favour of the Ruler protects’ か ‘he who retains the favour of the Ruler’ の二通りのとり方が可能 (Jack, p. 161)

彼も幼少の頃は怠惰で柔弱だったという民話的テーマが

と言うが、結局内容的には同じ意味か。

導入されるが、これもお得意の対照法。

2329–32. 純粋な Beowulf は火龍によって宮殿も国土も 2200. ここから突然、 50 年間イェーアタスを統治した Beowulf の治世に話が飛ぶので、これ以前を第一部、こ

焼かれたことを聞くと、原因も確かめず、このように、自 分に罪があるかのように思う。 このようなイノセントな

Beowulf の 態 度 は、 そ の 説 教 で 自 分 に 運 命 の 逆 転

れ以後を第二部と一般に呼ぶ。

（Grendel の来襲）が訪れたと述べながら、 反省や罪の意

2210b–11. 「ついに一匹の龍が支配し始めた」 第一部 の Grendel が兄弟殺しのカインの末裔、神に反抗して洪

識を告白しない Hrothgar のそれと対照的。2330a の ofer

水で滅びた巨人族の生き残りの血筋の者と、 神や人類に

人によるキリスト教化の一例と見る説 (Wrenn, p. 220) な

敵対する悪魔的存在として描かれてきたのに対して、 火

ど） 、あるいは異教徒にも当てはまる不文律の律法である

龍自身はそうしたイメージは与えられておらず、 我らの

natural law とする説などがある。後者を採りたい。

ealde riht「古い掟（に反して）」とは「十戒」を指し、詩

英雄の生涯最後の闘いの相手として、 英雄に退治される

2354b–2400. Hygelac 王のフリースランド遠征と戦死、 Hygd による即位の要請と Beowulf の謝絶と年若い王子 Heardred 後見の申し出、その若君の戦死と、 50 年前の

伝説的怪獣の役割を演じているように見えるが、 それだ けか不明。今後の課題。

2228–31a. 薄くなって文字が読み取れない写本のこの箇 所について、Dobbie も褒めている Klaeber の推測を訳を

イェーアタスの歴史が挿入される。

付けて参考までに紹介する。

2379b–96. Heardred が戦死した 「スウェーデン戦争」 (A.D. 532–35) についてのエピソードを簡単に整理してお きたい。スウェーデン王 Ongentheow (2387b) には二人の 王子がいて、王が「Ravenswood の戦い」(2922–98) で戦 死した後、兄の Ohthere (2380b) が王位に即くが、彼の死 後弟の Onela (helm Sċylfinga 2381b, Ongenðīoes bearn 2387b) が王位を奪ったため、 Ohthere の王子たち (suna Ōhteres 2380b)、 Eanmund と Eadgils (2392b, sunu Ōhteres 2394b) とが反乱を起こした後イェーアタスに亡

(atolan wyrme wræcmon ætwand ― him wæs wrōht) sċeapen ― (fūs on fēðe, þā hyne) se fǣr beġeat. Sincfæt (firde). （恐ろしい龍から 追放された男は逃れた ― 争いの種が）蒔かれた ― （足早に、 彼に）危険が迫ったとき。 豪華な酒杯は（持ち去られた）。

279

命する。亡命者を保護した Heardred (2386b) と Eanmund

と Hygelac (mǣ ġ-wine mīne 2479) の兄弟が反撃する

を Onela が攻め殺し、 Beowulf を王位に就けて去る。

が、Hæthcyn が戦死する。その翌日 Hygelac が兄 Hæth-

Beowulf は Heardred の復讐を企て、生き残った Eadgils を支援して一緒に Onela を攻め殺し、Eadgils は王位に即

cyn (mǣ ġ ōðerne 2484b) の仇を、 彼の殺害者 (Ongentheow) に自分の家来 Eofor (2476b) によって討つ。この 詳細は、さらに 2961–96 行を参照。

く。

2412b–16. Beowulf の龍の洞窟へ赴く理由の第一は王 宮と国土を焼いた龍に復讐して退治することであるのは

2526b–27a. swā unc wyrd ġetēoð, / Metod manna ġehwæs「運命が我ら二人に定めるままに 、/ 万民を統べ

言うまでもないが、 第二の理由が龍の守る財宝を結果と

る神が」

して手に入れることでもあることは、 ここに暗示されて

リスト教徒である詩人・聴衆の宗教感に合わせるべく、財

Wrenn (p. 222) は wyrd とパラレルに Metod manna ġehwæ s がきているので、後者の意味は ‘God’ よりもむ しろ ‘destiny’ ではないかと述べているが、この作品では wyrd は神の意思の実行者とみなせるので、本訳のように

宝は Beowulf が勝利の印として見た後、塚に埋められ大

「運命」と「万民を統べる神」がパラレルになって良いだ

いるように否定し得ない。 しかしこの財宝への欲望は

Beowulf の時代では何ら倫理に悖るものではないが、キ

ろう。Jack (p. 175) は wyrd を目的語と取るほうが良いの

地に返されることになる。

ではと述べているが、不賛成。

2419b–20a. Beowulf が感ずる死の予感が第二部ではあ ちこちで述べられる。

2428–34. 家柄のよい男子は７歳で宮廷や貴族の館に教 育に出された習慣が当時あったという。Beowulf の場合、 foster-father の Hrethel 王は母方の祖父でもあり、実父以

2538 ff. ようやく本筋の火龍との闘いが始まるが、Grendel の母親との場合のように三局面に分けられる。第一は 2538–91a, 第二は 2591b–2687, 第三は 2688–2723. この 第二局面には、火龍に恐れをなして森へ逃げ込んだ 10 人 の家来（2596–99a) とは別に、 ただ一人主君の助太刀に

上の深い絆が出来ていて、 叔父たちと分け隔てなく育て

残った若武者 Wiglaf（語源は「戦の生き残り」で彼の役

られる。

柄にふさわしい）の登場にともなって、彼の出自 (2602–

08)、古刀の由来 (2611–25a)、逃げた仲間への諭し (2633– 60)、 Beowulf への加勢の申し出 (2663–68) が挿入され

2461a. ān æfter ānum は二つの解釈がある。‘one (the father) for the other (the son)’ は筆者たちや M & R (p. 135) のものであり、‘one (song of sorrow) after another’ は Jack (p. 171) のものである。

る。 その古刀の由来が語られる部分から 「スウェーデン 戦争（内乱）」で Onela に味方して Ohthere の息子、Ean-

mund を殺して刀を取ったのが Wiglaf の父 Weohstan だっ たと分かる。この Wiglaf 父子と Beowulf 父子はスウェー

2469b. Godes lēoht ġeċēas 「神の光を選んだ」 Wrenn (p. 221) は ‘he died’ の多分 ‘Christian euphemism’ とし

デン系の一門 Wægmundingas (2607b) に属し、 婚姻に よって Geatas の一門になったらしい。

ている。

2618b. nō ymbe ðā fǣhðe spræc 「この争いに触れな かった」 Onela が甥の殺害者を不問に付したこと。 ある いは褒美（甥の鎧と刀）を取らせたこと。Onela にとって Eanmund は保護対象の親族ではなく、反乱者、王位を狙

2470b. ēadiġ: adj., masc. nom.sg., prosperous, blessed. この語の持つ二つの意味、pre-Christian と Christian の意 味を audience はそれぞれの受け取り方をした、との Ono (1994) 参照。

う敵であった。

2472–89. 「スウェーデン戦争」（2379b–96 の Com 参

2633–60. Wiglaf の ‘comitatus speech’. ‘臣下たるもの

照）。叙述は前後するがこれが 2379b–96 より先の戦い。

主君の贈物の恩義に対し、 戦時に出兵して報いるべきで

Hrethel 王が亡くなるやスウェーデンの Ongentheow 王と

ある’、と説く。Maldon, 212 ff. 参照。

その好戦的な王子たち (2475–6)、 Ohthere と Onela が イェーアタスとの戦を Hreosnabeorh (2477b) 近くで再開

2670a. inwit-gǣst: masc., malicious spirit [ghost].  MS gæ st を我々のように gǣ st「霊」と取るか、それと も ġiest 「余所者、来訪者、敵」の変形の gæ st と取るか

する（これと同じように Beowulf の死を聞いたらスウェー デンが攻めてくると危惧される） 。これに対し、Hæthcyn

280

は主観で異なる。我々の参照した editors はすべて後者に

statement from its choice of words’ と註をつけている。 Wrenn は dōm を ‘judgement’ (by God) と解していると 思われるが、 もう一つの pre-Christian 的意味 ‘glory, fame’ に取り、死後に残す名声を求めて、とも解せる。詩 人は両義的に用いたのであろう。M & R (p. 147) や Jack (p. 190) は sōð-fæ stra が subjective gen. か objective gen.

取っている (Klaeber: ‘malicious foe (or gǣ st?), Wrenn:

‘malicious visitant’, Jack: ‘malicious alien’, M & R: ‘malicious foe’)。しかし我々は Grendel、母親、龍は異 界の悪霊・怨霊・生き物と解するので前者に取る。

2672b–73a. こ こ は Klaeber で は Līġӯðum forborn / bord wið rond「炎の波で焼け失せた / 楯は縁までぐるっ と」だったが、Pope (p. 320) は Līġӯðum fōr / born bord wið rond の行分けを提案した。2672b の forborn を分割 して born を 2673a に回した根拠は (1) 従来の配列では同

かの議論をしているが、 筆者たちにはキリスト教的意味 であろうとなかろうと objective gen. に決まっているよう に思える。Jack (pp. 189–90) は dōm の両義性も認めなが らも ġewāt sāwol sēċean と並んでいるので Christan sense に取るほうがより自然としている。

行が短すぎたのが改善され、 しかもこの半行の頭韻、 韻 律を乱さない、(2) MS の for と born の spacing がふつう

2884–91. この敵前逃亡した家来に対する非難、叱責は 武士社会では当然。 その倫理に最も悖る恥辱。 Tacitus, Germania, chaps. vi, xiv 参照。

よ り 広 い 等 で あ る。 問 題 は こ の 配 列 し 直 し に よ っ て

Klaeber（これによっている羽染訳、 忍足訳も）と意味が 違ってくることである。 Willard (MLN, 76 (1961), 290– 293) によった最近の Bolton (p. 194), Jack (p. 182), M & R それに本テクストでは Līġ ӯðum fōr, / born bord wið rond;「炎は波となって押し寄せ、/ 楯は縁まで燃えた」と なるが、Līġӯðum を Līġ と ӯðum の 2 語に分け、この半

2900–2998. 伝令の長広舌。Beowulf 死すの知らせを聞 けば、 かねてより敵対関係にあるフリジア人とフランク 族、 それにスウェーデンの国々がこの時とばかりに攻め て来ると予測し、過去の、 Ravenswood での「スウェー

行では Līġ を、 2673a では bord をそれぞれ主語にした。

デン戦争」を詳述する (cf. 2472–89)。伝令の個性は希薄

fōr は動詞 faran, ‘to fare’ の過去単数形になった。

で、詩人が語った方がふさわしい。

2764b–66. この格言的な言い方は詩人好みのコメント。

2995b–96. ne ðorfte him ðā lēan oðwītan / mon on middan-ġearde, syðða[n] hīe ðā mǣrða ġeslōgon「彼 らの報酬に難癖つける必要はなかった / 中津国の何人も、

ただし、ここでは場違いな感じを与える (cf. Klaeber: ap-

parently uncalled-for, Dobbie: irrelevant)。2766b の MS oferhigian は OE における唯一例であるため意味が明確 でなく、種々の解釈が行われたが、今は大体 ‘overpower, overcome’ に落ち着いている。 しかし文の意味は読者の この作品全体の解釈によって左右される。Klaeber も Dobbie も ‘pernicious influence of gold on mankind’ について

 彼らが名誉を戦で得た以上」

他面、 人の欲望をかきたて人を破滅に追いやるものでも

Klaeber (p. 224) も Dobbie (p. 268) もこの him は Hygelac を指し、 dat.sg. であるとわざわざ註を付けている が、 him のかかる lēan (= reward) には ‘giver’ と ‘receiver’ がいるわけで、前者であれば Hygelac だが、後者 であれば Eofor と Wulf の兄弟、つまり dat.pl. になる。こ の方が、Wrenn も述べているように、次行の従属節の主 語、hīe とも一致してよい。M & R (p. 154) はこの二つの

ある。 ここはキリスト教の影響が認められる後者の意識

可能性を紹介して、 作者の意図がどちらか分からないと

を述べたものであろう。

している。

2767b. seġn eall-gylden「黄金の旗」Scyld の柩の舟に

3005–06a.「勇士らの死後、 勇敢なシュルディンガスに、 / その国民に援助を行い」 Beowulf のデネにおける Grendel 母子退治と Hrothgar 亡き後の推測される援助について のやや漠然とした言及と取る。M & R (p. 154) 参照。

の言及としている。黄金には両面価値が認められている。 一面はこの世の栄華・富・勇気の等価物であると同時に

副葬品として乗せられた seġen gyldenne (47b) と同じく 王権の象徴。他の点からもこの洞窟は王（家）の墓である と考えられる。Sutton Hoo の舟墓の旗とも比較。

2819b–20. him of h[ræ]ðre ġewāt / sāwol sēċean sōðfæstra dōm「彼の胸から旅立った / 魂は求めて、 義人ら

3014b–15a. 宝物は全部、Beowulf の火葬の際に一緒に 燃やしてしまう、 という予告は実際と矛盾する。 宝物は

の受ける栄光を」

塚に埋められ、大地に戻されるのである。3163 ff. 参照。

この箇所に Wrenn (p. 225) は ‘specifically Christian

281

3021b–27b. Messenger は Beowulf 亡き後、他国との 惨めな負け戦が起こると想像して、speech を終える。

選択肢を挙げていて驚かされる。

3089–90a. nealles swǣslīċe sīð ālӯfed / inn under eorð-weall 「決して穏やかに 旅が認められたのではな い、 / 洞窟の中への」 この引用は、龍の宝庫に入るため には主君 Beowulf の身を犠牲にしたことを指す。

3032b. wundur sċēawian「不思議を見ようと」、3037b. wundor-dēaðe「驚異の死」 龍の死体と並べて見て、こ の恐ろしい怪獣と相打ちで果てた Beowulf が人間との戦 いで死んだ武将の姿を超えた wonder 「不思議な見もの」 になったことを暗示している。Robinson (1993, pp. 3–19), Orchard (2003, pp. 27–28) 参照。

3150b. [Ġ]iatisċ mēowle「イェーアタスの女が」 この Pope (p. 233) の復元によって、 Klaeber など従来の sīo ġeōmēowl ‘the old woman’（単に「泣き女」か、非常に漠 然と Beowulf の未亡人かもしれない）よりも、挽歌を歌う 女が Hygelac の未亡人（で後に Beowulf の妃になったか もしれない）Hygd である可能性が高まった。

3051–55. 龍 の 宝 庫 に 呪 い が か け ら れ て い た の に、 Beowulf が近づけたのは、神の許しと恩寵があったから だという趣旨。 詩人によるややまわりくどい弁明と解す る。

3180–82. イェーアタスの国民の亡き王に対する賛美。 Beowulf がいかに国王として国民に愛され、英雄として

3062b ff. 前半 (3062b–65b) は、人に死がいつ、なぜ訪 れるかは不可知で、 予測できないものであると一般論を

名誉を求めたかを最上級を用いて述べた賛辞は、 理想的

述べ、後半 (3066a–68b) では Beowulf も例外ではなく、

（従ってやや抽象化された表現による）英雄の生涯に捧げ

彼自身なぜ龍との戦いで死ぬことになるのか分からない。

るに最もふさわしい言葉である。終わりは始まりを誘い、 再びこの作品を聞き・読みたい気持ちにさせる。

3069b. dīope benemdon「重い呪いをかけたのだった」 benemnan の意味 ‘to lay a curse on (?)’ は Klaeber に 従ったもの。 Bliss (1979) はこれは大間違いで、 本来の ‘to declare’ の意味に解すべきだと強く主張し、 Jack も M & R もこれに従っている。後者の場合 3069a の hit は 3071 以下の þæ t の名詞節を受ける it になり、（Bliss は 述べていないが）þæ t 節内に来るべき oð dōmes dæ ġ が extraposition に置かれる不都合が生じる。 たとえ dīope benemdon を ‘solemnly declared’ と解しても、 ここは 3051–57 行の龍の宝庫に呪いがかけらていると述べた部

〔以上、本文、語釈、註解の我々の仕事を終えたが、唯一

分の反復である以上、 結局 「呪いをかけた」 の含意にな る。 我々は þæ t 節を結果を表す副詞節と取っているが、

3074a の MS næ s he を Klaeber に従い næ fne ‘unless’ と emend しているので、仮定法の wǣ re ‘should have been’ は Bliss が副詞節内の仮定法はおかしいと述べている問題 は生じない。なお、Jack, M & R は MS næ s he を用いて いるので、前行末をセミコロンにして、he は Beowulf を 直接指すものとしている。

3071a–75b. 埋蔵した宝に祖先の呪いが掛けられていて、 荒らす者は地獄の責め苦に掛けられるはずだが、 神の恩 寵があった者はそれを免れる。

3077b. ānes willan 「一人の意思によって」 文脈から 「一人」とは Beowulf を暗示していることは明らかだが、

M & R (p. 157) は Beowulf, Dragon, thief, wyrd の四つの

282

の写本で残る本作品が、 まさにそれゆえに、 さまざまな 解釈の違いを生み出しているのが、 明らかになった。 ど んなに優れた刊本でも絶対的なテクストと解釈はあり得 ないことがお分かりいただけたと思う。 先人の仕事に多 大の恩恵を受けたが、 著書は著者の経験とセンスと判断 力を反映するものだと、改めて分かった。本書は、結局、 我々の 『ベーオウルフ』 になったことをご報告して、 あ とがきに代える。〕

参考文献

Bibliography I. 日本語全訳（年代順） 厨川文夫訳 (1941)『ベーオウルフ』岩波文庫 長埜 盛訳 (1965)『ベーオウルフ』吾妻書房 大場啓蔵訳 (1978) 『新口語訳・ベオウルフ』 篠崎書林、 第 2 版 1988. 羽染竹一訳 (1985)「ベーオウルフ」（『古英詩大観―頭韻 詩の手法による―』原書房に所収 ) 長谷川寛訳 (1987–96)「ベーオウルフ」 （日本大学農獣医 学部一般教養研究紀要、第 23, 28, 29, 30, 32 号に所収） 苅部恒徳訳 (1989–91)「対訳 ベーオウルフ」 （新潟大学 教養部研究紀要 第 20, 21, 22 集に所収） 忍足欣四郎訳 (1990) 『中世イギリス英雄叙事詩 ベーオ ウルフ』岩波文庫

IV. Editions Used for Collation Dobbie, Elliott Van Kirk, ed., 1953. Beowulf and Judith. The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Record, IV. Columbia U. P. Jack, George, ed., 1994. Beowulf: A Student Edition. Oxford U. P., corrected 1995. Kiernan. See III above. Klaeber, Frederick, ed., 1950. Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg. 3rd ed. D. C. Heath. Mitchell, Bruce & Fred C. Robinson / M & R, eds., 1998. Beowulf: an edition with relevant shorter texts. Blackwell. Wrenn, C. L., ed., 1958. Beowulf with the Finnesburg Fragment. Revised and enlarged (2nd) ed. Harrap.

小川和彦訳 (1993)『ベーオウルフ』武蔵野書房 山口秀夫訳 (1995)『古英詩 ベーオウルフ―対訳・註解』 泉屋書店 藤原保明訳 (1999)「ベーオウルフ」 （筑波大学「言語文化 論集」第 50 号「古英詩の世界」に所収）

II. Bilingual Editions Chickering, Jr., Howell D., 1977. Beowulf: A Dual-Language Edition. Anchor Books. Heaney, Seamus, 2000. Beowulf: A New Verse Translation. Bilingual Edition. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 苅部 See I above. Potter, John, 1991. Beowulf: Text and Translation. Anglo-Saxon Books. 山口 See I above. III. Facsimiles Kiernan, Kevin S., ed., 2004. Electronic Beowulf. 2.0 version. British Library. Malone, Kemp, ed. 1951. The Thorkelin Manuscripts of Beowulf in Facsimile. Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile, 1. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger. ――――， ed. 1963. The Norwell Codex. Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile, 12. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger. Zupitza, Julius, 1959. Beowulf. 2nd ed. containing new reproduction of the manuscript with an introductory note by Norman Davis. EETS. No. 245. Oxford U. P.

283

V. Editions and Articles Referred to in the Textual and Other Notes of our Glossary (Most of them are from the above-mentined Zupitza, Chickering, Dobbie, Klaeber, and Wrenn) Bliss: 1958. A. J. Bliss, The Metre of Beowulf. Blackwell. Bugge: 1866–69, 1873, 1887. Sophus Bugge, “Spredte iagttagelser vedkommende de oldengelske diete om Beowulf og Waldere,” Tidskrift for Philologi og Paedagogik (1866–69), 40–78, 287–307; “Zum Beowulf ”, ZDP 4 (1873), 192–224; “Studien über dan Beowulfepos”, PBB 12 (1887), 1–112, 360–75. Conybeare: 1826. John J. Conybeare, Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, ed. William D. Conybeare. London: Harding and Lepard. Cosijn: 1891–92. Peter J. Cosijn, Aanteekeningen op den “Beowulf ”. Leiden: Brill. Davis: Norman Davis, introductory note in Zupitza, cited in III above. Dobbie: See IV above. Ettmüller: 1850. Ernst M. L. Ettmüller, Engla and Seaxna Scopas and Boceras. Quedlinburg and Leipzig: Basse. ――――: 1875. Carmen de Beowulfis Gautarum regis. Zurich. Grein: 1857. C. W. M. Grein. Beowulf in Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie, Vol. I. Gottingen: Wigand.

――――: 1867. Beowulf nebst den Fragmenten Finns-

8th ed. of Moritz Heyn’s Beowulf. Padeborn: Schöningh. Smith: 1937–39. A. H. Smith, “The Photography of Manuscripts”, London Medieval Studies 1, 179–207. Thorkelin A and B: 1815. Grímur Jónsson Thorkelin, ed., De Danorum Rebus Gestis Secul. III et IV. Poema Danicum Dialecto Anglosaxonica. Copenhagen: Rangel. included in Kevin Kiernan and Kemp Malone, eds., see III above. Thorpe: 1875. Benjamin Thorpe, The Anglo-Saxon Poems of Beowulf, The Scop or Gleeman’s Tale, and The Fight at Finnesburg. 2nd ed. London: J. R. Smith. Trautmann: 1904. Moritz Trautmann, ed., Das Beowulflied. Bonn: Hanstein. von Schaubert: 1963. Else von Schaubert’s revision of the Heyne-Schücking: Beowulf. 18th ed. Paderborn: F. Schöningh. Wanley: 1705. Transcript by H. Wanley of part of Beowulf (in Hickes: ii. 218–19). Wrenn: see IV above. Wrenn-Bolton: 1973. C. L. Wrenn, ed., Beowulf with the Finnesburg Fragment. 3rd ed., rev, by W. F. Bolton. Harrap. Wyatt-Chambers: 1914. Beowulf. ed. A. J. Wyatt, revised by R. W Chambers. Cambridge U. P. Zupitza: see III above.

burg und Valdere. Cassel and Göttingen: Wigand. Grimm: 1840. Jacob Grimm, Andreas and Elene. Cassel. Grundtvig: 1820. N. S. F. Grundtvig’s Danish translation, Bjowulf ’s Drape. Copenhagen: Seidelin. ――――: 1861. Beowulfes Beorh eller Beovulfs-Drapen. Copenhagen. Heyne: 1879. Mortiz Heyne, ed., Beowulf, 4th ed. Paderborn: F. Schöningh. Holder: 1895. Alfred Holder, Beowulf I. Abdruck der Handscrift, 3rd ed. Freiburg. Holthausen: 1938. Ferdinand Holthausen, ed., Beowulf. 7th ed. Heidelberg: C. Winter. Imelmann: Rudolf Imelmann, Est, 65 (1931), 66 (1932), 67 (1932–33), 68 (1933). Jin: 1994. Koichi, Jin, “Emending Beowulf 1333”, MESN, No. 31. Kaluza: 1894. Max Kaluza, Der altenglische Vers: eine metrische Untersuchung, Pt. II: Die Metrik des Beowulfliedes. Berlin: Felber. Kemble: 1835 and 1837. John M. Kemble, The AngloSaxon Poems of Beowulf, The Traveller’s Song, and The Battle of Finnesburh. Vol. I (1835), Vol. II (1837). London: W. Pickering. Klaeber. See IV above. Kluge: 1884, 1899. Friedrich Kluge, “Zum Beowulf ” . PBB 9 (1884), 187–92; and his contributions in Alfred Holder, ed. Beowulf, Vol. IIa: Berichtigter Text mit knappem Apparat und Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. Freiburg and Tϋbingen: Mohr, 1899. Malone: See III above. Mitchell: 1985. Bruce Mitchell, Old English Syntax. Vols. I and II. Oxford U. P. Ogawa: 1989. Hiroshi, Ogawa, Old English Modal Verbs. Anglistica, 26. Pope: 1966. John C. Pope, The Rhythm of Beowulf. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale U. P. Rieger: 1871, 1876. Max Rieger, Alt- und angelsächsisches Lesebuch. Giessen: Ricker, 1861; “Zum Beowulf ”, ZDP 3 (1871), 381–416; “Die alt- und angelsächsische Verskunst”, ZDP 7 (1876), 1–64. Robinson: 1985. Fred, C. Robinson, Beowulf and Appositive Style. U. of Tennessee P. Sedgefield: 1935. W. J. Sedgefield, ed., Beowulf. 3rd ed. Manchester U. P. Schücking: 1908. Levin L. Schücking’s revision of the

VI. Works cited in Introductory Remarks, Glossary and Commentary Bliss, A. J., 1979. “Beowulf, Lines 3074–3075”, M. Salu & R. T. Farrell, eds., J. R. R. Tolkien, Scholar and Storyteller: Essays in Memoriam (Cornell U. P.), pp. 41– 63. ――――― , (ed. & author), 1982. Finn and Hengest: The Fragment and the Episode (Allen and Unwin), pp. 77– 79. Bolton, W. F., 1973. Beowulf with the Finnesburg Fragment, revised ed. of C. L. Wrenn. 3rd ed. Harrap. See Wrenn in IV above. Bosworth, J. and T. N. Toller, 1898–1921. An AngloSaxon Dictionary. Oxford U. P. Bradley, Henry, 1910. “Beowulf ”. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed. Bruce-Mitford, Rupert L. S., 1968. 2nd ed., 1972. The Sutton Hoo Ship Burial: A Handbook. British Museum.

284

Campbell, A., 1959. Old English Grammar. Oxford U. P. Chance, Jane, 1986. Woman as Hero in Old English Literature. Syracuse U. P. Dobbie, see IV above. Donahue, Charles, “Beowulf and the Christian Tradition; a reconsideration from a Celtic stance”, Traditio, 21 (1965), 55–116. Dumville, David N., 1988. “Beowulf Come Lately: Some Notes on the Paleography of the Nowell Codex”, Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen, 225, 49–63. Evans, A. C., 1986. The Sutton Hoo Ship Burial. British Museum P. Frank, Roberta, 1986. “’Mere’ and ‘Sund’: Two SeaChanges in ‘Beowulf’’’, P. R. Brown, G. R. Crampton, and Fred C. Robinson, eds., Modes of Interpretation in Old English Literature (U. of Toronto P.), pp. 173–87. Goldsmith, Margaret, 1970. The Mode and Meaning of ‘Beowulf’. Athlone P. 羽染 : see I above. Holthausen, Ferdinand, 1906. ‘Beowulf ’ nebst dem Finnesburg-Bruchstück, II. Heidelberg. Hoops, Johannes, 1932. Kommentar zum Beowulf. Heidelberg: C. Winter. Jack, see IV above. 苅部恒徳, 2006. 『「ベーオウルフ」 の物語世界―王・英

‘Wealthy or ‘Blessed’?”. SIMELL 9 (1994), 1–21. ――――, 1995. “A Musing on Beowulf 70”, Medieval

English Studies Newsletter, No. 32 (1995), 3–7. ――――, 1996. 「Fair と fæger」『英語青年』 No. 142, Aug., 434–36. Orchard, Andy, 2003. A Critical Companion to ‘Beo wulf ’. D. S. Brewer, 忍足 , see I above. 大塚高信・中島文雄 監修 , 1982.『新英語学辞典』研究 社

Robinson, Fred C., 1993. The Tomb of Beowulf and Other Essays on Old English. Blackwell. Rosier, J. L., 1966. “The unhlitm of Finn and Hengest”, RES, ns 17 (1966), 171–74. Schücking, see V above. Shippey, T. A., 1978. Beowulf. Studies in English Literature, No. 70. Arnold. 苅部恒徳 訳 (1990) 『作品研究 「ベーオウルフ」』英宝社

Sievers, Eduard, 1892. “Zur Texterklärungdes Beowulf”, Anglia, 14 (1892), 133–46. ――――, 1893. Altgermanische Metrik. Halle:Max Niemeyer. Singer, S., 1887. “Miscellen”, Beit, 12 (1887), 213 ff. Tacitus, P. C. Germania. Loeb Classical Library. Watanabe, Hideki, 2005. Metaphorical and Formulaic Expressions in Old English Reconsidered. Tokyo: Eihosha. ――――, 2006. “Sword, Fire and Dragon: Polysemous Compounds in Beowulf Reconsidered with Special Reference to nacod niðdraca (2273) and þæ t wæ s modig secg (1812)”, Textual and Contextual Studies in Medieval English, ed. by Michiko Ogura (Peter Lang), pp. 193–204. Whitbread, L., 1949. “The hand of Aeschere: a note on Beowulf 1343”, RES, 25 (1949), 339–342. Whitelock, D., 1951. The Audience of ‘Beowulf ’. Oxford U. P. Willard, R., 1961. “Beowulf 2672b: Līġ ӯðum fōr”, MLN, 76 (1961), 290–93. Wrenn, see IV above.

雄・怪物の関係論』松柏社 ――――, 2007.「「『ベーオウルフ』における Hrothgar 王 の説教」 の意図は何か」 『新潟国際情報大学情報文化 部紀要』第 10 号、9–16.

Ker, N. R., 1957. Catalogue of Manuscripts containing Anglo-Saxon. Oxford U. P. Kiernan, Kevin S., 1996. ‘Beowulf ’ and the ‘Beowulf ’Manuscript. Michigan U. P., Klaeber, see IV above. Kock, Ernest A., 1918. “Interpretations and Emendations of Early English Texts: IV”, Anglia, 42 (1918), 109. Malone, Kemp, 1929. “The Daughter of Healfdene”, Klaeber Festschrift (U. of Minnsota P.), pp. 135–58. ――――, 1951. See III above. Mitchell and Robinson / M & R, see IV above. Niles, John D., 1983. Beowulf: The Poem and Its Tradition. Harvard U. P. See especially Chap. 7 Ring Composition. Ono, Shigeru, 1994. “Was eadig mon (Beowulf 2470b)

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古英語文法・変化表

Old English Grammar: Inflexions Nouns (I) Strong Declension Sg. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Pl. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat.

Masc. dæġ (= day) dæġ dæġ-es dæġ-e dag-as dag-as dag-a dag-um

Neut. sċip (= ship) hūs (= house) sċip hūs sċip-es hūs-es sċip-e hūs-e sċip-u hūs sċip-u hūs sċip-a hūs-a sċip-um hūs-um

Fem. ġif-u (= gift) sprǣċ (= speech) ġif-e sprǣċ-e ġif-e sprǣċ-e ġif-e sprǣċ-e ġif-e, -a sprǣċ-a ġif-e, -a sprǣċ-a ġif-a, ġeof-ena sprǣċ-a ġeof-um sprǣċ-um

(II) Weak Declension Sg. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Pl. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat.

Masc. nama (= name) nama-n nama-n nama-n nama-n nama-n nam-ena nam-um

Neut. ēag-e (= eye) ēag-e ēag-an ēag-an ēag-an ēag-an ēag-ena ēag-um

Fem. sunn-e (= sun) sunn-an sunn-an sunn-an sunn-an sunn-an sunn-ena sunn-um

Adjectives (I) Strong Declension Sg. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Instr. Pl. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat.

Masc. cwic (= alive) cwic-ne cwic-es cwic-um cwic-e cwic-e cwic-e

Neut. cwic cwic cwic-es cwic-um cwic-e cwic-u, -e cwic-u, -e cwic-ra cwic-um

Fem. cwic-u/o cwic-e cwic-re cwic-re cwic-e, -a cwic-e, -a

286

Masc. gōd (= good) gōd gōd-es gōd-um gōd-e gōd-e gōd-e

Neut. gōd gōd gōd-es gōd-um gōd-e gōd gōd gōd-ra gōd-um

Fem. gōd gōd-e gōd-re gōd-re gōd-e, -a gōd-e, -a

(II) Weak Declension Masc. gōd-a gōd-an gōd-an gōd-an

Sg. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Pl. Nom., Acc. Gen. Dat.

Neut. gōd-e gōd-e gōd-an gōd-an

Fem. gōd-e gōd-an gōd-an gōd-an

gōd-an gōd-ra gōd-um

註 1. 形容詞の性・数・格はそれが修飾する名詞の数・格と一致する。   例： monegum mǣġþum (= from many tribes) (dat. pl.) 註 2. 形容詞が指示代名詞などを伴わない場合は強変化、伴う場合は弱変化となるのが原則であるが、例外も多い。   例：（強変化）Iċ eom gōd hierde. (= I am a good shepherd.)（弱変化）se gōda hierde (= the good shepherd) 註 3. 比較級には -ra が、最上級には -ost が付けられ、ふつう、弱変化する。   例： heard (=hard) ̶ heard-ra ̶ heard-ost

Pronouns (I) Personal Pronouns              First Person

Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat.

Sg. iċ (= I) mē, meċ mīn mē

Dual. wit (= we two) unc uncer unc

Pl. wē (= we) ūs ūre ūs

             Second Person

Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat.

Sg. þū (= thou) þē, þeċ þīn þē

Dual. ġit (= ye two) inċ inċer inċ

Pl. ġē (= ye) ēow, ēowiċ ēower ēow

             Third Person

Sg. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Pl. Nom., Acc. Gen. Dat.

Masc. Neut. hē (= he) hit, hyt (= it) hine, hyne hit his his him him hīe, hī, hiġ, hӯ (= they, them) hiera, hira, hyra, hiora, heora him 287

Fem. hēo, hīo (= she) hīe hiere, hyre hiere, hyre

(II) Demonstrative Pronouns Masc. Sg. Nom. se (= that, the) Acc. þone Gen. þæs Dat. þǣm Instr. þӯ, þon, þē Pl. Nom., Acc. Gen. Dat.

Neut. þæt þæt þæs þǣm

Fem. sēo þā þǣre þǣre þӯ, þon, þē

Masc. Neut. þes (= this) þis þisne, þysne þis þisses þisses, þysses þissum þissum þӯs þӯs þās þissa þissum, þyssum

þā þāra þǣm, þām

Fem. þēos þās þisse þisse þisse

Verbs OE の動詞変化には強変化（Strong Conjugation）と弱変化（Weak Conjugation）の 2 種類があり、強変化 、弱変化は語尾に -de を付けて過去形を作る（ModE は過去形で幹母音が変化し （ModE の不規則動詞に相当） の規則動詞に相当）ものである。（不規則に変化する動詞も少数ある。 ） 以下にあげる語尾は全ての動詞に共通である： Infinitive: -(i)an , Imperative Sg.: -(a), Imperative Pl.:

-(i)aþ, Present Participle: -(i)ende, Dative Infinitive: -(i)enne (I) Strong Conjugation Class I eg. drīfan (= drive) Present Indicative Subjunctive drīf-e drīf-e drīf-st drīf-e drīf-þ drīf-e drīf-aþ drīf-en drīf-ende

1 sg. 2 sg. 3 sg. 1–3 pl. Participle

Preterit Indicative Subjunctive drāf drif-e drif-e drif-e drāf drif-e drif-on drif-en ġedrif-en

註 1. Subj. Sg. は Pres., Pret. とも人称にかかわらず同形である。 註 2. Pret. Ind. Sg. は 1 人称と 3 人称が同形である。 註 3. Pret. Ind. 2sg. と Pret. Subj. の幹母音は同じある。（Pret. Participle は同じとは限らない。 ）

従って、Infinitive, Pret. Sg., Pret. Pl., Pret. Part. の 4 つが分かれば、他の語形も分かるので以下にその 表を掲げる。

Class I II III IV V VI VII (a) VII (b)

Inf. drīfan (= drive) ċēo/īosan (= choose) bindan (= bind) beran (= bear) ġi(o)fan (= give) sċacan (= shake) feallan (= fall) hātan (= call)

Pret. Sg. drāf ċēas band bær ġeaf sċōc fēoll hēt

Pret. Pl. drifon curon bundon bǣron ġēafon sċōcon fēollon hēton 288

Pret. Part. (ġe)drifen (ġe)coren (ġe)bunden (ġe)boren (ġe)ġyfen (ġe)sċacen (ġe)feallen (ġe)hāten

(II) Weak Conjugation Class I (a) 語幹が短母音と二重子音、短母音と r を含む : e.g. fremman (= perform), nerian (= save)

1 sg. 2 sg. 3 sg. 1–3 pl. Participle

1 sg. 2 sg. 3 sg. 1–3 pl. Participle Class I (b)

1 sg. 2 sg. 3 sg. 1–3 pl. Participle

Present Indicative Subjunctive fremm-e fremm-e frem-est fremm-e frem-eþ fremm-e fremm-aþ fremm-en fremm-ende

Preterit Indicative Subjunctive frem-ede frem-ede frem-edest frem-ede frem-ede frem-ede frem-edon frem-eden ġefrem-ed

Indicative ner-i(ġ)e ner-est ner-eþ ner-iaþ

Indicative ner-ede ner-edest ner-ede ner-edon

Subjunctive ner-i(ġ)e ner-i(ġ)e ner-i(ġ)e ner-ien ner-iende

Subjunctive ner-ede ner-ede ner-ede ner-eden ġener-ed

語幹が長母音、または短母音と２つの子音を含む : e.g. hȳran (= hear)

Indicative hȳr-e hȳr-st hȳr-þ hȳr-aþ

Present Subjunctive hȳr-e hȳr-e hȳr-e hȳr-en hȳr-ende

Indicative hȳr-de hȳr-dest hȳr-de hȳr-don

Preterit Subjunctive hȳr-de hȳr-de hȳr-de hȳr-den ġehȳr-ed

Class II Infinitive が -ian で終わる（ただし語幹に r を含まない）: e.g. lufian (= love)

1 sg. 2 sg. 3 sg. 1–3 pl. Participle

Indicative luf-i(ġ)e luf-ast luf-aþ luf-iaþ

Present Subjunctive luf-i(ġ)e luf-i(ġ)e luf-i(ġ)e luf-ien luf-iende

Indicative luf-ode luf-odest luf-ode luf-odon

289

Preterit Subjunctive luf-ode luf-ode luf-ode luf-oden ġeluf-od

(III) bēon, wesan (= be) Present 1 sg. 2 sg. 3 sg. 1–3 pl. Participle Imper. sg. Imper. pl.

Indicative eom bēo eart bist is biþ, byþ synd(on) bēoþ wesende wes bēo, bīo wesaþ bēoþ

Subjunctive sӯ bēo sӯ bēo sӯ bēo sӯn bēon bēonde

290

Preterit Indicative Subjunctive wæs wǣre wǣre wǣre wæs wǣre wǣron wǣren ġebēon

《編著者紹介》 苅部恒徳（かりべ つねのり） 新潟大学名誉教授。専攻は中世英語英文学。主な著作は、T. A. シッピー 著『作品研究「ベーオウルフ」』 （訳書、英宝社） 、 『原文対訳「カンタベリィ 物語・総序歌」』 （共編著、松柏社） 、 『英語語源辞典』 （共編、研究社） 、 『徹 底解明 欽定英訳聖書初版 マタイ福音書』 （共編著、研究社） 、サイモン・ ウィンチェスター著『オックスフォード英語大辞典物語』 （訳書、研究社） 、 『「ベーオウルフ」の物語世界』（松柏社）など。 小山良一（こやま りょういち） 新潟工科大学准教授。専攻は中世英語英文学。主な著作は、 『原文対訳「カ ンタベリィ物語・総序歌」』（共編著、松柏社）、『徹底解明 欽定英訳聖書 初版 マタイ福音書』（共編著、研究社）。

KENKYUSHA 〈検印省略〉

古英語叙事詩『ベーオウルフ』対訳版 THE OLD ENGLISH EPIC BEOWULF —— A BILINGUAL EDITION © 2007 Tsunenori Karibe and Ryoichi Koyama

2007 年 7 月 20 日 初版発行 2008 年 1 月 30 日  2 刷発行 編著者  苅部恒徳 / 小山良一 発行者  関戸雅男 発行所  株式会社 研究社      〒102-8152 東京都千代田区富士見 2–11–3      電話 編集 03(3288)7711         営業 03(3288)7777      振替 00150–9–26710      http://www.kenkyusha.co.jp 印刷所  研究社印刷株式会社

ISBN 978–4–327–47212–2 C3098 PRINTED IN JAPAN