Туризм, экскурсионное дело, экологический туризм: Учебное пособие по английскому языку

Ф Е Д Е РАЛ Ь Н О Е АГ Е Н Т С Т В О П О О Б Р АЗО В АН И Ю Р Ф В О Р О Н Е Ж С К И Й Г О С У Д АР С Т В Е Н Н Ы Й У Н И В Е Р С И Т Е Т

Т У Р И ЗМ, ЭК С К У Р С И О Н Н О Е Д Е Л О , ЭК О Л О Г И ЧЕ С К И Й Т У Р И ЗМ У чебн ое пособие по ан глийскомуязы купо спец иаль н ос ти: Г еограф ия 020401 (012500) О П Д 020401

В О РО НЕ Ж 2005

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У т в е рж де но науч но-ме т одич е ским сов е т ом факульт е т а романоге рманской филологии прот окол № 4 от 7.12.2004.

Сост ав или: В ы соч ина О .В . Че рников а С.Н.

П особие подгот ов ле но на кафе дре английского язы ка факульт е т а романоге рманской филологии В ороне ж ского государст в е нного унив е рсит е т а. Ре коме ндуе т сядляст уде нт ов пе рв ого курса факульт е т а ге ографии и ге оэкологии

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Д анное уч е бное пособие подгот ов ле но на кафе дре английского язы ка факульт е т а романо-ге рманской филологии В ороне ж ского государст в е нного унив е рсит е т а. О но пре дназнач е но для ст уде нт ов пе рв ого курса дне в ного от де ле ния факульт е т а ге ографии и ге оэкологии, обуч аю щихся по спе циальност и: т уризм, экскурсионное де ло, экологич е ский т уризм. Це ль пособия – разв ит ие уме ния гов оре ния на основ е ч т е ния т е кст ов по спе циальност и. Д анная це ль дост игае т ся в проце ссе ре ш е ния сле дую щих задач : сов е рш е нст в ов ание уме ний ч ит ат ь иноязы ч ны й спе цт е кст , используя различ ны е ст рат е гии ч т е ния (просмот ров ое , поисков ое , де т альное ); разв ит ие ле ксич е ских нав ы ков в сфе ре т уризма и экскурсионного де ла; разв ит ие нав ы ков гов оре ния в парах (диалогич е ская ре ч ь) на мат е риале т е кст ов по профе ссиональной т е мат ике; разв ит ие профе ссионально-орие нт иров анны х уме ний монологич е ской ре ч и. В кач е ст в е сопут ст в ую ще й задач и пре дполагае т ся т акж е разв ит ие уме ний индив идуально-т в орч е ского, группов ого и парного в заимоде йст в ия. П особие сост оит из 5-т и уроков , каж ды й из кот оры х име е т сле дую щие разде лы : пре дт е кст ов ы е упраж не ния; т е кст ы по профе ссиональной т е мат ике; упраж не ния, в ы полняе мы е в проце ссе ч т е ния; после т е кст ов ы е упраж не ния, направ ле нны е на пров е рку понимания проч ит анного и комме нт иров ание фактов из т е кст а; блок ле ксич е ских упраж не ний, направ ле нны х на ов ладе ние профе ссиональной т е рминологие й; блокупраж не ний на обсуж де ние информации, получ е нной из т е кст а, а т акж е конт рольно-изме рит е льны е мат е риалы для заклю ч ит е льной формы конт роля.

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Unit 1 Development of Tourism Text 1 Question time People have traveled throughout the history for various reasons. But mass tourism involving large numbers of people traveling mainly for pleasure is quite a recent phenomenon. In order for tourism to appear, there must be people who have time, money, the mobility, and the motivation to travel. The text you are about to read describes the history of tourism, its past, present and future. Using your background knowledge, answer the following questions. • What events and conditions in society led to tourism? • What means of transport do you know? Time for reading • Put the paragraphs of the text in the correct order. • The text mentions a man whose name is still known in the tourist industry. Who is he? Do you know where his name can be seen today? Past, Present and Future of Tourism (i) The Industrial Revolution opened up tourism to the working classes. As a result of social and technological reforms a new middle class grew up, who could afford travel. Other phenomena that helped develop the tourist industry were paid holidays. The working British public was given leisure time at no financial loss. The development of railways and steamships made traveling cheaper, easier and more comfortable. (ii) The World Tourism Organization forecasts that international tourism will continue growing at the average annual rate of 4 percent. By 2020 Europe will remain the most popular destination. Space tourism is expected to take off in the first quarter of the 21st century. As computer technologies advance, virtual tourism is likely to become extremely popular around 20102015. (iii) The father of modern mass tourism is Thomas Cook who, on 5 July 1841, organized the first tourist excursion. He arranged the first trip by railway. Two years later he organized the first group tour by train. He provided tourists with meals and tickets for the races. So it was the first package tour. In 1855 he organized the first overseas trip to Paris. Thomas Cook set up the first travel agency. (iv) The appearance of motor-cars in the late 19 th century and airplanes in the early 20th century changed travel crucially. Jet planes made air travel available to all people. The term “ holiday” was adopted after the World War I. In recent years holidays or vacations have been becoming more popular as people have more disposable income. Typical holyday nowadays is a package tour to the mass tourist resort, a winter skiing vacation or a weekend break to a

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city or a national park. Although mass tourism is growing continuously, there have been a few temporary setbacks, because of terrorist threats to tourist destinations. (v) The next important factor in the history of travel was the Renaissance. In the 18th century the Grand Tour of Europe became a part of the upbringing educated and wealthy British gentlemen. Grand Tours were taken by young people to complete their education. They traveled all over Europe, but mainly to places of cultural interest, such as France, Italy, the Alps, Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg. In the late 18th century sea water gained a reputation for its medical properties, and as a result many British coastal fishing villages were transformed into fashionable resorts. It was in the 19th century when health and leisure tourism appeared. (vi) The most important travelers were explorers. The voyages of discovery by Marco Polo in the 13th century, Christopher Columbus and Vasco de Gama in the 15th century, Magellan and Amerigo Vespucci in the 16th century and many other adventurers gave rise to European colonization of a big part of the world. A lot of people started traveling to the colonies: governors, merchants, missionaries, architects and teachers. (vii) People started traveling long ago. The first travelers were nomads and pilgrims, merchants and traders. Waterways were the most important means of traveling. The first travelers used boats and ferries on the water and horses and camels on the land. Travel in Egypt was for both business and pleasure. In ancient Greece people traveled mainly to visit religious festivals, sporting events, the Olympic Games, and the cities, especially Athens. Travel for business was less important as Greece was divided into city-states that were very independent. The Romans traveled to Greece, to Egypt, a site of the sphinxes and the pyramids, and to Asia Minor, the scene of the Trojan War. Did you get it? I. Answer the following questions: 1. When did people start traveling? 2. Who were the first travelers? What means of transport did they use? 3. Who were the most important travelers? Name some of them. 4. Who took the Grand Tours of Europe? 5. Why is Thomas Cook considered to be the father of the mass tourism? 6. What role did the Industrial Revolution play in the development of tourism? 7. When was the term “ holiday” adopted? 8. What are the typical holydays nowadays? 9. What destination will be the most popular by 2020? 10. What kinds of tourism will appear in the future? II. Using the information from the text and your knowledge fill in the table below.

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Time

Travelers

Means of transport

Reason for traveling

Words, Words, Words… I. Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions. Ø means of traveling Ø voyage Ø overseas trip Ø leisure tourism Ø weekend break Ø paid holidays Ø national park Ø space tourism Ø disposable income Ø package tour II. Cross out one odd term in each line: 1) pilgrim, nomad, explorer, adventurer, desert, trader, merchant; 2) motor-car, raft, boat, steamship, space, jet; 3) meals, means, arts, overseas, races, sports, sales; 4) leisure centre, resort, spa, travel destination, health resort, society, holiday centre. III. Match the words with their definitions: 1) a raft 2) a nomad

a) a popular place for recreation and treatment b) a flat boat made of pieces of wood or logs tied together 3) a spa c) a person who travels buying and selling goods 4) a steamship d) a person who travels to an important religious place 5) wealthy e) a large passenger boat powered by steam 6) a desert f) a tour abroad 7) a resort g) a vast dry area 8) a pilgrim h) rich, well-off 9) an overseas trip i) a water resort IV. Fill in the gaps using the given words: 1. The only means of traveling in the early 19th century were trains and ____________. a) motor cars b) bicycles c) steamships d) jets 2. Thomas Cook arranged the first trip by _________ in 1841. a) railway b) coach c) plane d) car 3. When the first ___________appeared, they changed travel crucially. a) jets b) travel agencies c) adventurers d) package tours 4. Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus and Magellan were the world famous ________. a) tour operators b) explorers c) nomads d) holidaymakers 5. Thomas Cook organized the first … . in 1855 to Paris. a) overseas trip b) races c) voyage of discovery d) space

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holiday 6. The first travelers used simple boats on the water and … in the desert. a) rafts b) horses c) camels d) jeeps 7. During the first group tour Thomas Cook provided his tourists with meals and tickets for the ____________. a) movie b) theatre c) races d) tennis tournament V. Complete the following text with the words below. Put only one word in each gap. It is expected that _____(1)________tourism will appear around 2030.But the number of tourists in orbit will remain low until technologies such as space elevator make space ____(2)________cheap. Gradual technological improvements are likely to make possible air-ship hotels, based either on solar-powered airplanes or large dirigibles. Underwater ____(3) _______, such as Hydropolis, which is to be open in Dubai in 2006, will be built. On the surface of the ocean tourists will be welcomed by ever larger cruise ships and floating cities such as Freedom Ship, which ____(4) _________planned to start in 2005. Some ____(5)______ expect the appearance of ___(6)____ hotels. They will be temporarily constructed in such places on the planet, where building a permanent resort would be unacceptable politically, economically or ___(7)_______. movable space environmentally travel hotels futurists construction Time to Talk Work in groups. Imagine you live (d): a) in the Roman Empire; b) in the 18th century; c) at the end of the 19th century; d) in our time; e) in 2050. Talk about the places you might visit, what means of transport you might use and about possible reasons for traveling.

Text 2 Question Time • What do you know about tourism in Russia? Is it successful? • What are the most popular tourist destinations in our country? What can attract foreign tourists to Russia? • What ways of promoting tourism do you know? Time for Reading Tourism Development in the Russian Federation Now tourist industry is one of the most dynamically developing branches

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of the world economy. According to the World Tourist Organization (WTO), since 1998 tourism occupies the first place in the world goods and services export, which surpasses automobile industry, chemical products manufacturing, food products manufacturing and fuel manufacturing. Medium tourism growth rate came to 7 % a year during the period from 1950 to 1999, which is much higher than annual growth rate of the world economy on the whole. According to WTO predictions the growth rate of tourism will remain the same in the nearest decades. However despite of high tourist potential, the Russian Federation holds an insignificant place on the world tourist market. It accounts about 1 % of the world tourist flow. According to WTO estimates, Russia could potentially accept up to 40 million of foreign tourists a year. Today, however, the number of foreign guests visiting Russia for business, tourist and personal purposes comes to only 7.4 million people. Analysis of the present state of domestic tourism and the level of its development is insufficient by both qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Presently the main factors delaying development of tourism in Russian are: the image of Russia as an unfavorable country for tourism which is created by certain foreign as well as domestic mass media; undeveloped tourist infrastructure, small quality of hotel facilities; lack of conditions favorable for investments in tourist infrastructure; lack of state non-commercial advertisement of the country’s tourist resources abroad; low services quality in all sectors of tourist industry due to low level of personnel training and lack of working experience in market economy conditions; discrepancy of price and quality of hotel allocations. The main task of tourism development in the Russian Federation is formation of modern marketing strategy promoting tourist product on both domestic and international markets. Development and promotion of tourism in Russia require the followings: information and advertisement programs on entry and domestic tourism, which includes creation of television and radio programs for Russia and foreign countries; issuing of catalogues, booklets, posters, maps and other advertisement and information printing products; information centers network for foreign and Russian tourists in places of the biggest tourist flow concentration; introductory trips around Russia’s tourist centers for foreign journalists; presentation of Russia’s traveling resources in the main countries directing tourists to Russia. Effective tourism development will allow to increase dramatically the flow of foreign tourists coming to Russia and foreign currency inflow into the country’s economy. Priority support of tourism industry development will provide more effective usage of human, informational, material and other resources; it will increase the rate of employment among population and influence to the social and economic development of the country. Did you get it?

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I. Say whether the following statements are true or false: 1. Tourist industry is the fastest developing industry in the world economy. 2. In the second half of the 20th century medium tourism growth rate reached 7 % a year. 3. WTO predicts that the growth rate of tourism will increase in the future. 4. The Russian Federation holds a significant place on the world tourist market. 5. Foreign guests come to Russia for business, tourist and personal purposes. 6. Certain mass media create an unattractive image of Russia. 7. There are many conditions favorable for investments in tourist infrastructure. II. Answer the following questions on the text: 1. What is the position of tourism in the world economy? 2. What are the other industries that are fast developing? 3. What is WTO? 4. What place does Russia hold on the world tourist market? 5. Does Russia have high tourist potential? 6. How many tourists could Russia accept a year? 7. What is the main task of tourism development in Russia? 8. What do development and promotion of tourism in Russia require? III. What is the significance of the following numbers and statistics found in the text • 1998 • 1% • 7,4 million • 40 million IV. Read the text again and complete the following table Factors delaying the development of tourism in Russian

Actions needed to develop and promote tourism

Results of tourism development and promotion

Words, Words, Words… I. Give the explanation of the following English words and word combinations: World goods and services export, fuel manufacturing, growth rate, prediction, tourist flow, qualitative and quantitative characteristics, unfavorable country, domestic tourism, undeveloped tourist infrastructure, hotel facilities, lack of conditions, investments, low services quality, market economy

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conditions, modern marketing strategy, promotion of tourism, entry tourism, information centers network, introductory trips, rate of employment. II. Match the ways of tourism promotion from the left column and the definitions from the right column: advertising promotional videos brochure throwaway direct mailing publicity familiarization trip word of mouth leaflets commercials mass media posters

a pamphlet usually put out for promotional purposes one-page advertisement that can be widely distributed by mail or by hand a form of promotion that involves mailing brochures to a selected list of people stories placed in newspapers and magazines about travel, accommodations and other parts of tourist industry large printed picture in a public place what one person says to another about his or her vacation promote (goods or services) publicly to increase sales that’s when tour operators travel to the route which they sell to get to know everything themselves sheet of paper, pamphlet, etc. giving information films about different tourist destinations, hotels etc. for promotional purposes television or radio advertisement different means of spreading information in the form of news and advertising

III. Fill the gaps with suitable words from the list: advertising print media broadcast media brochures leaflets catalogues public relation familiarization trip direct mailing word of mouth 1. Sales literature - … … … … , … … … . and … … … … . can describe tourist destination in more detail and give more information than an advertisement. 2. … … … … - PR can ensure that your agency keeps a high profile, and that people are aware of your good reputation. 3. Destination … … … stresses a resort area or some other tourist destination. 4. The terms “ media” means spreading information through the … … .. … … .., like newspapers and magazines, and the … … … . … … … ., like radio and television. 5. Travel agents are frequently provided with free … … … … . … … … . to tourist destinations. 6. Many of … … … … are sent out by … … … . … … … .. to selected lists of customers by tour operators and travel agents. 7. … … … … . … … … … .. is a powerful force in keeping the tourist industry

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honest and guarantees that the tourist industry will provide more or less what it promises. Time to Talk I. Work in pairs. Discuss which strategies mentioned above are the most and least effective and under what circumstances. What are advantages and disadvantages of each? What ways are the most and the least effective to promote tourism in Russia? II. You are a member of the Russian delegation at the WTO international conference. Make a report about tourism development in Russia, the problems and the possible solutions. Use the table from task IV.

UNIT 2 Tourism Types of Tourism Ecological Tourism Text 1 Terms of Discussion Before reading the text explain the meaning of the following words and expressions. • advertising • transportation system • facilities • hospitality service • attractions • accommodation • environment • insurance • recreation Time for Reading Read the text and put the sentences (A-G) below into the numbered gaps. Tourist Industry Tourism is a service based industry. It (i) is generally considered as the largest industry in the world. It comprises of a number of tangible and intangible components. The tangible elements include transportation systems - air, rail, road, water and now, space; hospitality services - accommodation, foods and beverages, sightseeing tours, souvenirs; and related services such as banking, insurance and safety and security. __(1)__________. The major component of tourism is location. ____(2)_______. Its (ii) importance depends upon three major factors: attractions, accessibility and facilities. The attractions of a destination can be either natural, such as climate, or human-made, such as historical buildings._____(3)_____________. Accessibility is related to the distance from centers of population, and to transport facilities. Time taken to get to tourist destinations is also important. Facilities include entertainment, accommodation and catering facilities, as well

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as local transport services. The journey taken by tourists and their (iii) stay in the destination give rise to tourist services, such as transport for passengers to the location, accommodation, catering and entertainment at the destination. The growth of overseas tourism in the past 30 years has increased the importance of two service providers, the travel agent and the tour operator. The main role of the travel agent is to sell holidays, particularly package tours, and travel tickets. _____(4)__________ . Most countries now have public tourist organizations.___(5)_________. At the local level these (iv) are often tourist information centers. Their (v) main function is to provide information. The activity of tourist agencies brings great sums of money into their country. That is why advertising in mass media is getting an increasing importance. Promoting tours, tour operators advertise the beauty of nature, the culture of the country, its (vi) historical monuments, architecture and art. ____(6)_________ . Tour operators also publish colorful brochures, booklets and travelogues. Managers planning tourist activity are recommended to take into consideration the environment, i.e. the ecology of the place. Tourism is an industry greatly contributing to a country's economy, because tourists increase the income of the country where crowds of visiting tourists leave their money. Besides financial impact on the economy of a country, tourism is of great importance, because it (vii) brings nations together, helping them (viii) to learn and respect other people's culture. __________(7)_____________. A. They include national and regional tourist boards or offices. B. An advertisement contains descriptions of good accommodation, facilities and attractions offered to tourists. C. The tour operator puts together a package of accommodation, catering, transport, entertainment, and sells this package, frequently with the help of a travel agent. D. The location of tourism is known as the tourist destination. E. Tourism also helps to develop tourists' physical and psychological fitness. F. Attractions can also be events such as festivals, exhibitions, and congresses. G. The intangible elements include: recreation and relaxation, culture, adventure, new and different experiences. Did you get it? I. Text organization. Writes use pronouns, e.g. it, they, them, its, to refer to something mentioned before or to something that will be mentioned later. Such words help to maintain logical organization of the text and also to reduce unnecessary

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repetition. While reading you need to be able to recognize what such pronouns refer to. Say what the following words refer to in the text: it (i) refers to ____________ its (ii) refers to ___________ their (iii) refers to _________ these (iv) refers to __________ their (v) refers to _____________ its (vi) refers to ________________ it (vii) refers to ___________________ them (viii) refers to _____________ II. Answer the questions. 1. What industry is considered to be the largest one? 2. What elements does tourism include? 3. Give four examples of tourist services. 4. What is the role of a) a travel agent; b) a tour operator? 5. What kind of information do tourist information centers provide? 6. What printed materials are used in promoting and in advertising tours? 7. Why is advertising especially important in the tourist industry? 8. Why are tourism managers recommended to take into consideration the ecology of the place? 9. What is the positive impact of tourism? III. “The importance of a tourist destination depends upon three main factors”. Read the text again and complete the table below. Destination Factor 1 __________ Factor _____________ e.g. (a) e.g. (a) e.g. (b) e.g. (b) e.g. (c) e.g. (c)

2 Factor 3 ____________ e.g. (a) e.g. (b) e.g. (c)

Words, Words, Words … I. Match up the words on the left (a-h) with the words on the right (18). a. sightseeing 1. facilities b. tourist 2. provider c. catering 3. agent d. service 4. destination e. tour 5. media f. travel 6. board g. mass 7. operator h. tourist 8. tour II. Match the words and word expressions with their definitions

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1) tourism 2) travelogue 3) tourist board 4) tourist destination 5) catering facilities 6) accommodation

a) a catalogue of tours for advertising purposes b) a place or area to which tourists travel c) places where a traveler can find food and drink d) hotels and other places where a traveler can find rest and shelter e) an official organization which promotes tourism in a certain part of the world f) travel away from a person’s usual place of residence for a period longer than 24 hours, primarily for pleasure and recreation

Dictionary skills III. The brochure is probably one of the most important documents used in the promotion of a destination. Brochures use very descriptive language to make holiday description sound appealing. This text about a holiday complex is informative but not very descriptive. Put the words in the box gaps making the holiday complex sound more attractive. Consult the dictionary if you need. A Stay in Paradise This _____ holiday complex is within reach of the bay and the sea. There are four tennis courts available to guests _____ and the Sandy Lane Golf Club is just a _____ bus ride away. Hole Town exudes a ______ atmosphere with its _____ streets and ______ houses. Watch the world go by from the café terraces or try _______ dishes in the restaurant. whitewashed cobbled free-of-charge welcoming short mouth-watering

ideally situated

Time to Talk I. Work in pairs. Discuss your native town, a city where you are living at the moment from the point of view of being a tourist destination. Use the table in task 2. Share the result of your discussion with the teacher. What conclusion did you come to? Do you think that your native town is of an importance as a tourist destination? Prove your answer. Use the following words and expressions to express your opinion: I think (that) … . I believe (that) … I feel (that) … . I guess (that) … II. Presentation. You have just come back from a trip to a new tourist destination and now you have to report about your trip.

The language of presentations • Introduction Good evening, everyone.

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Decide what place you went to. Prepare a presentation. Talk about a place itself and also about facilities offered: • transport to and from the destination • the climate • the accommodation • the local attractions • the food • transport at the destination

Tonight I am going to talk about … • Introduction to your talk I would like to start by … I shall begin by … Then I will speak about … Thirdly I will talk about … And lastly … • The main part of the talk As far as (the climate) is concerned … Let us begin with … Moving on to … My next (third) point deals with … And last but not the least … • Conclusion In conclusion, you can see that … • Ending your talk I hope I have been able to tell you a little about … Thank you all for listening so attentively. Does anyone have any question?

Text 2 Question Time Usually tourism is divided into four categories; research tourism, cognitive tourism, sanative tourism and recreation tourism. However at the end of the 20th century one more type of tourism appeared and it is getting popular – it’s ecotourism. This classification cannot be rigid because it is difficult to differentiate recreation tourism from sanative tourism (e.g. sport) or cognitive tourism from recreation one because learning about historical and cultural attractions not only helps to acquire knowledge but also gives pleasure. The text you are about to read dwells upon two types of tourism: research tourism and cognitive tourism. Using your background knowledge try to answer the question • What is the difference between research tourism and cognitive tourism? Time for Reading Skim through the text and answer in which paragraph they mention the following: • the living things and plants some research tourists study; • polar and Antarctic expeditions; • voyages made by different scientists; • story-telling and its significance;

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• finding beauty everywhere. Research Tourism and Cognitive Tourism Some people think that research tourism is connected with conferences of scientists who meet to discuss developments in their field and enjoy spending time in a comfortable place in picturesque surroundings. Other people connect research tourism with expeditions to certain parts of the world to study nature: the living things or plants. These may be birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, flowers, or trees. The aim is to identify almost extinct species or relics of old periods. Research tourists want to find out what the rare species look like, where they live and how they behave. Other research tourists are interested in finding evidence of earth’s changes caused by water, wind, weather, plants, animals and gravity. They study how people change the face of the earth, the climate, the atmosphere and then use the data for weather forecasts, e.g. about warming of the atmosphere, changes in climate etc. In this case polar and Antarctic expeditions can be considered as a sort of research tourism. Researchers also travel to various areas to better observe sun or moon eclipses, to observe meteors, meteors showers or to examine a fallen meteorite area, or the crater of a volcano. To do research working in the world of water people tour oceans, seas, lakes and rivers on a ferry, barge, commercial vessels, fishing boats, dive boats. Voyages are made by oceanographers, hydrologists, immunologists (who study fresh water in ponds and lakes), biologists (who study the water inhabitants). Ethnographers tour countries and national areas to study the culture, art, crafts, traditions and customs of the ethnic groups living there. They try to attend national religious ceremonies, see their national clothes, try their national food and drinks. Other ethnologists tour areas to collect old object of folk art as well as folk tales, poems and songs. Research tourism is a term close to exploration tourism and research tourists may be called explorers. Research tourism may be considered as a part of cognitive tourism. When you tour a country or a definite area it is good to know about its history and the life of its population in different periods. For example oral traditions are an important part of the culture of original native people. Storytelling was used to teach and explain natural phenomena, such as seasonal change or a geographical feature; legends teach about the relationships between people and the environment, suggest proper behavior toward the environment. For example, do you know that many of American foods were developed and cultivated by original American Indians, e.g. corn, peanuts, potatoes, and squash? When you tour a country or an area it is necessary to learn about the culture of the country (or area) - such things as houses, any special kind of clothing, a special cuisine, folk arts or crafts, typical music or dance, folktales or literature. One should learn about the history, customs and heritage of ethnic

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groups in the toured area. Learning of local lore enriches tourists. Interest in the social life of the community in the toured area (country) brings them up-to-date with social problems and shows the ways how to solve them. Find out about animals or plant species that are in danger of becoming extinct, about serious environmental problems. Think how the culture of the people is affected by their habitat. To observe all these things clearly you should look at the outdoors with different eyes. Find beauty in things that you normally would pass by. Did you get it? I. Say whether the following statements true or false a) Sometimes research tourism is connected with scientific conferences. b) Sometimes research tourism is connected with expeditions to certain parts of the world to study nature and earth’s changes. c) Hydrologists are those studying fresh water in ponds and lakes. d) Ethnographers study the culture, art, crafts, traditions and customs of the ethnic groups. e) Research tourism is a term meaning the same as exploration tourism. f) Cognitive tourism is a general term and it includes research tourism. g) Oral traditions, such as story-telling, are an important part of the culture of local people. h) Story-telling taught and explained natural phenomena. i) Learning of local lore enriches tourists. j) The author encourages the readers to find beauty in ordinary things. II. Answer the following questions 1. What is research tourism connected with? 2. What are research tourists interested in? 3. Where do research tourists travel to? 4. What do researchers observe in their traveling? 5. What are immunologists? 6. Why do ethnographers tour? 7. What does ethnologist collect? 8. How may research tourist be called? 9. What is good to know when you tour a country? 10. What do legends teach us about? 11. Why is it advisable to learn more about a toured country? 12. What advice is the most important for you? Have you ever followed it? 13. What is the most important thing to know about toured country for you?

Words, Words, Words… I. Look at the following words in the text and try to explain them: Research tourism, picturesque surroundings, mammals, extinct species, evidence, data, forecast, voyage, hike, to tour, crafts, cognitive tourism,

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"wisdom list", to bring smb. up-to-date with smth, proper behavior toward the environment, oral tradition, story-telling, to be cultivated, folk arts, crafts, advisable, to enrich. II. Find the words or word combinations from the text which define the following: • animals that have died out • journey or voyage for a particular purpose, esp. exploration • obscuring of light from one heavenly body by another • long walk, esp. in the country for pleasure • scientist who studies the properties of water, esp. of its movement in relation to land • scientist who makes comparative study of peoples III. Match the words with the definitions: lore

style or method of cooking

heritage

drink made of crushed fruit

proverbs

short pithy saying in general use, held to embody a general truth

cuisine

body of traditions and knowledge on a subject or held by a particular group

squash

nation's historic buildings, monuments, countryside, etc., esp. when regarded as worthy of preservation

IV. What means of water transport do you use for the following purposes: ferry dive boat fishing boat commercial vessel barge liner yacht tanker • as a regular transport to cross water from place to place • as a boat to carry a cargo on a canal or river • as a vessel for transporting oil and other liquids • as a boat for racing or pleasure • as a large ship or boat for the trade purposes to carry goods • as a boat to go catching fish • as a submarine for exploratory purposes

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• as a ship for ocean voyages V. Fill in the appropriate word from the list: to examine conducting eclipses to think meteor folk to attend to study … … … … …

… … … … …

… … … … …

… … … … …

… … … … …

conference in connection with of sun or moon a fallen meteorite area tales

water

… … ..national religious ceremonies … … traditions and customs … … shower … … .inhabitant

VI. Find the odd word: 1) to find out, to discover, to reveal, to provide; 2) resident, inhabitant, native, tourist; 3) to affect, to influence, to adapt, to determine; 4) folk, ethnic, traditional, national. Time to Talk You have just come back from a research expedition to Greenland (you may choose another place of the world), where you studied flora and fauna. Make up a report concerning the expedition. Use supplementary materials.

Text 3 Terms of discussion Before reading the text, explain the meaning of the following words and expressions: ü sanative tourism ü free of charge ü recreation tourism ü national park ü outdoor activities ü game park ü indoor activities Time for Reading While reading the text, fill in the table below. Use your background knowledge as well. Think of as many recreation activities as possible. Place Recreation activity outdoors: § country-side § town or city area indoors: Sanative Tourism and Recreation Tourism Sanative tourism is usually understood as visiting resorts, spas, and undergoing medical treatment. But tourism offers also sport activities which

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serve for sanative purposes and one should include sport into sanative tourism. Sanative tourism is closely connected with sports, because they require training to attain both physical and psychological fitness. Recreation tourism is connected with recreation activities which are planned differently in the city and in the countryside. There are free recreation activities and those that cost money. Recreations that need money - are visits to museums, art galleries, theatres. They can be planned for tourists on the discount policy. One may go in for some outdoor sports or games free of charge. For example, you can take to the skies with a kite or a Frisbee in a cafe area for flying objects, organize a roller skating or bicycle (competition or trip); look for parks, grass fields, gardens and watch the wildlife. Look for fishing places with unpolluted water because only in clear water the caught fish will be eatable. Ponds, lakes and rivers may be used for personal flotation devices. Ponds, lakes and rivers can be also used for boating and swimming excursions if there is a special permission for it. There are certain places where people can swim with their snorkels. But tourists should be checked for their snorkeling skills to fell themselves safe. They should be able to choose a mask that sits the face, know how to clear the mask, be able to surface, dive, swim underwater, resurface and clear the snorkel and mask. The most popular recreation activity in the countryside is walking. Walking is a good exercise in personal fitness. For a long walking it is better to take a well-balanced snack. Don’t forget to put on the right brand walking shoes. The walking routes should include picturesque sights, monuments of culture and history. There must be a list of interesting places, nearby, picnic and toilet facilities. Collecting mushroom or berries is also a good recreation (poisoning ones should be recognized). Provide yourself with care for sunburn, insect bites, heat exhaustions, heat stroke and blisters before a walking. Besides walking there are some other kinds of recreation activities in the countryside. They are mountain or hill climbing, hiking, bathing, swimming on one's back by different swimming strokes, boating, water-skiing, visiting a national park or a game park. Did You Get It? I. Complete the following statements using information from the text a) We should include sport into _________. b) Recreation tourism is connected with recreation activities which are ______________. c) There are free ______________. d) Recreations that need money can be planned for tourists on ________. e) The most popular recreation activity in the countryside is __________. f) For a long walking it is better to take ___________ and to put on ___________.

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g) You should provide yourself ___________________________. h) Other kinds of recreation activities in the countryside are ______________. II. Answer the following questions on the text: 1. What is sanative tourism? 2. What is recreation tourism connected with? 3. What free recreation activities do you know? 4. What are recreations that need money? 5. What snorkeling skills should tourist have to swim with his snorkel? 6. What is better to take for a long walking? 7. What is necessary to do before walking? 8. What kinds of recreation activities in the countryside do you know? Words, Words, Words… I. Give the explanation of the following English words and word combinations: Medical treatment, out-of-door sports, roller skating, to watch smb. wildlife, fishing place, unpolluted water, to be eatable, flotation devices, discount policy, special permission, easy-to-early snack, to quench thirst, right brand of walking shoes, walks route, picturesque sights, toilet facilities, to be recognized, to provide yourself with care, insect bites, heat stroke, hill climbing, water-skiing, wildlife refuge. II. Fill in the correct word from the list below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. • • •

Endangered, exhaustion, recreation, fitness, strokes, resort, spa After the marathon, the runner collapsed with … … … . . (great tiredness) The … … … .. centre houses a swimming pool and an ice-rink. (sports) Mountain climbing improves strength and … … … … … .. but it is very demanding. (good health or condition) The instructor is a very good swimmer, he can use different swimming … … … … . . (specified styles of swimming) In Japan there is massive indoor water … … … … .. with a sandy beach and palm trees called Wild Blue Yokohama. (place for holidays or for having a rest, relaxation) People are traveling for health reasons to a … … … … like Karlovy Vary in the Czech Republic. (resort with curative mineral spring) Ecologists are very concerned about the ever-growing number of … … … … . species in the world. (in danger of extinction) III. Find the words from the text that means the following: concave plastic disc for skimming through the air as an outdoor game breathing-tube for an underwater swimmer tanning of the skin from exposure to the sun

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• small bubble on the skin filled with watery fluid and caused by heat • to swim or wash oneself • light usually rhomboidal device with a thin covering that floats on a string in the wind Time to Talk Work in pairs. What type of tourism do you prefer most and least and why. Do you have your own experience of any type of tourism? Tell the rest about it: where have you been and what have you done there. What are advantages and disadvantages of each type of tourism for a) the environment b) the inhabitants of the place visited c) the tourist?

Text 4 Question Time Work in pairs. Discuss the questions below with your partner and share the results with the rest of the group. a) What could be the negative impact of tourism on the following? • wild life • the countryside • historic sites • beaches and coastlines • the local communities’ culture b) What can be done to reduce this negative impact? Time for Reading Skim through the text and answer in which paragraph they mention the following: a) Ecotourism should have low impact and should contribute to the well-being of local populations. b) AITO encourages the tour operators to have an environmental policy and to consider the impact on the environment of everything they do. c) Tourists must feel themselves as part of a balanced ecosystem and be ready to protect the environment. d) A tour operator should give a tourist some instructions on how to behave and what to do to preserve the cultures and places they are visiting. e) More than 5.5 million people worldwide go whale-watching. f) AITO operators organize beach cleanings. Ecotourism (i) As more and more people travel for pleasure, often to the same destinations, there is increasing pressure not only on the cultural integrity of

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local populations but also on the fragile ecological balance of parts of our planet. Today’s mass tourism poses real problems to the environment. (ii) The term “ ecotourism” appeared in the late 1980s. Ecological tourism came of age in 2002, when the United Nations celebrated the "International Year of Ecotourism". Ecotourism is environmentally responsible travel to relatively undisturbed areas, to appreciate nature and culture and to become aware of the need for preserving nature and culture. Ecotourism should have low impact and should contribute to the well-being of local populations. (iii) Of course, the goal of a holiday is to have a good time. But if it's guilt-free, it is even better. All tourist activities should be practiced taking into consideration ecological problems. Touring a country or an area, tourists can find out what species are endangered there and why, what organizations work to preserve these species, what organizations help people to plant trees to fight pollution, to prevent soil erosion, or to add oxygen to the earth's atmosphere, what is done to protect the environment, to use recycled materials, to save water, air, and soil, etc. Tourists must feel themselves as part of a balanced ecosystem and be ready to protect the environment. (iv) A tour operator should give a tourist some instructions on how to behave and what to do to preserve the cultures and places they are visiting. It means, for example, when visiting a protected area like the Antarctic, the people must respect the rules and not damage fragile plants or go too near the penguins. Also on an adventure holiday no detergents should be used in springs, and no rubbish should be left behind the camp. The key factor in minimizing damage through tourism is to keep groups to a manageable size so that their behavior can be controlled. For example, thirty on a safari is an absolute maximum. (v) Perfect ecotourism, however, probably doesn't exist. But many tourist companies are making an effort to ensure that the benefits of their (1) holidays both to local people and the area visited - outweigh their negative impact. The number of travel companies, for instance, that (2) use local transport and local hotels, is growing now. Some have been able to prove economic benefits, too. More than 5.5 million people worldwide, for example, go whale-watching annually and that (3) provides a better income than hunting them (4). Most ecotourists come from the United States, Europe, Canada and Australia. Ecotourism is supported by the government in such countries as Costa Rica and Australia. Currently there are various moves to create national and international Ecotourism certification programs, although the process is causing controversy. (vi) The Association of Independent Tour Operators plays a special role in the tourist industry. The Association of Independent Tour Operators (AITO) represents the smaller holiday companies that (5) are eco-friendly. AITO operators organize beach cleanings. They (6) support charities at their destinations, in order to teach local children the importance of keeping their part of the world free from rubbish - both for the good of wildlife and for the commercial benefits it can bring to their (7) home village or town. (vii) Since 1991, AITO has been publishing Responsible Tourism Guidelines, a free directory of companies, which provide eco - friendly trips.

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AITO encourages the tour operators to have an environmental policy and to consider the impact on the environment of everything they (8) do. Did you get it? Text organization I. Say what the following words refer to in the text: their (1) refers to ____________ that (2) refers to ____________ that (3) refers to ____________ them (4) refers to __________ that (5) refers to _______________ They (6) refers to ________________ their (7) refers to _________________ they (8) refers to _____________________ II. Decide whether the statements below are true or false according to the information in the text. 1. Now environment is in great danger because of mass tourism. 2. The aim of ecotourism is to minimize the negative impact of tourism. 3. The word “ ecotourism” appeared in 2002. 4. The Association of Independent Tour Operators represents the bigger eco-friendly holiday companies. 5. Each year more than 5.5 million people worldwide go whale-watching. 6. Most ecotourists come from Australia. 7. On a camping holiday you should not use detergents in springs and streams. III. Answer the questions: 1. What year was announced as “ The International Year of Ecotourism” ? 2. How can ecotourism be defined? 3. What is the goal of any holiday? 4. How can a tourist make their holiday guilt-free? 5. In what countries is ecotourism supported by the government? 6. What is the AITO? How does it encourage tour operators to be ecofriendly? 7. What information do Responsible Tourism Guidelines contain? IV. Read the text again and fill in table below. You can also use your ideas.

tourist 1. 2. 3. etc.

What can you do as an eco-friendly tourist company association of tour operators

government of the country

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Words, Words, Words… I. Explain the following English words and word combinations: Ecological tourism, to come of age, to aim at, to become aware, to preserve, community, to take into consideration, species, to endanger, soil erosion, an adventure holiday, to detract from, to make an effort, to cause controversy, in order to, for the good of, to be eco-friendly. II. Given certain definitions. Your task is to determine what notion is defined: For example: The study of the interaction of people with their environment. It is ecology. • person or animal living in a place • waste material; litter; trash • synthetic cleansing agent used with water • great variety of species • tourist who takes care of environment • natural home of an animal or plant • large thick-skinned mammal with usually one horn on its nose • medicine concerned with the diseases and injuries of animals • very large marine mammal with a streamlined body and horizontal tail. III. Read and translate the words of the same roots: environment – environmental – environmentally, to minimize – minimizing – minimization, to increase – increasing – increased, to consider – considering – consideration, practice – practical – practiced, to tour- touring tourism – tourist, to endanger – endangered – danger, to pollute – pollution – polluted, to organize – organized – organization. IV. Find in the text the derivations of the following words. Use a dictionary and make as many words as possible of the same roots: culture location ecology recycle value friend economy to promote to protect to conserve to participate to manage V. Find an odd word: • conservation, preservation, damage, to save, to prevent, to protect; • to provide, to support, to keep, to balance, to share, to control; • income, benefit, promotion, economic, commercial, sensitive; • rubbish, waste, litter, trash, pollution, garbage; • biodiversity, species, wildlife, ecotourism, ecosystem, environment; • trip, to tour, ecotourist, destination, tour operator, eco-friendly. VI. Complete the following text with the words below. Put only one word in each gap. Agritourism is a style of ___(1)______ in which hospitality is offered on

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____(2) ____ . This may include the opportunity to help with farming tasks during the visit. Agritourism is often practiced in wine growing regions such as ___(3)________ and Spain. Agritourism is often used as a means to support a local agricultural economy when local producers are no longer economically ___(4)_____ . An example of an ___(5)________enterprise can be found in Lansing, New York at Indian Chimney Farm, where alpaca, horses, goats, gardens, and ____(6)_________ are available for farm tours. Indian Chimney farm is a unique agritourism ____(7)______ close to Ithaca, NY. Their gift shop specializes in quality alpaca yarn, clothing, locally produced crafts and ________ . farms bee hives France gifts agritourism competitive vacation destination Time to Talk I. Work in pairs. “ Take nothing but photographs, leave nothing but footprints, kill nothing but time.” Discuss this statement with your partner and say it how it can be applied to the main ideas of ecotourism. Use information from the text to prove your opinion. Share your conclusion with your group mates and the teacher. II. Role play. You are a tour operator. Give instructions to the tourists going: a) on a safari to a famous game park in Kenya b) to Disney World in Paris c) on a camping holiday to the Black Forest d) to Delhi What guidelines would you give the tourists concerning: • clothing • begging • taking pictures • rubbish In order to give a piece of advice or an instruction in English you can use the following: Why don’t you … . ? Why not … . ? If I were you, I would … You’d better (not) … . You should (not) … . I think you should … . I don’t think you should … . I advise you (not) to … .

UNIT III Types of Holidays

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Text 1 Question Time 1. Have you ever been on a camping holiday? 2. Where did you go? 3. Did you like you camping holiday? 4. In what way does it differ from other types of holidays? Time for Reading Read the text. Pick up the main idea in each paragraph and entitle each paragraph. Camping Camping is an outdoor recreational activity involving spending nights in a tent, or a vehicle at a campsite. The purpose of camping is to get away from civilization and to enjoy nature. Campers differ from survivalist campers who set off with little more than their boots to those who arrive in large vehicles equipped with their own electricity, heat, and furniture. Camping as a recreational activity became popular in the early 20th century. It is a response to the increasing urbanization. Camping is connected very often with other activities, such as fishing, swimming or hiking. National parks and other public natural areas are popular campsites. Camping is often restricted by law in order to prevent campers from damaging the environment. Most campers prefer to use sites with special facilities such as fire rings, bathrooms and utilities. Usually campsites range from a bare piece of grass to a level paved areas with sewer and electricity. These are often designated for the use by handicapped campers. Tent camping commonly employs an automobile to transport equipment to a campground, although sometimes a pack animal, a boat or a plane may be used. Some people camp with tents because they feel that camping with a trailer or motor home detracts from the experience of being out-of-doors. Tent camping is popular with young families. Children enjoy camping. Tent camping sites are often less expensive than campsites with full facilities. Most of them allow direct access by car. Some sites can be reached only by a brief walk, but do not require full backpacking equipment. Recreational vehicles are more like wheeled houses. Some of them cost more than houses, featuring air conditioning, bathrooms, kitchens, showers, satellite TV and even Internet connections. RV campers often choose these devices because they consider tent camping uncomfortable and too much work. In the United States, many campgrounds offer "hookups" where motor homes are supplied with electricity, water and sewer services. Some retirees in the U.S. sell their homes and lead a nomadic lifestyle in their RVs. Backpacking is a variety of tent camping. Backpackers use special lightweight and portable equipment that can be carried long distances on foot. They hike across the land, camping at remote spots. Backpacking equipment costs more than that for car camping, but much less than a trailer or motor home. Survivalist campers learn the skills to survive out-of-doors in any

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situation. This activity may require skills in obtaining food from the wild, emergency medical treatments, orienteering, and pioneering. Many children are sent to camp for periods during the summer. Some camps are operated by religious institutions, and children's camps may be specifically educational. Hunting camps are common in some regions. Much of the needed camping equipment is usually available at home, like dishes, pots and pans. But many people try to use the equipment better tailored to camping. Lists of what to take are available in camping books. Did you get it? I. Decide whether the statements below are true or false according to the information in the text. 1) The purpose of camping is to get away from civilization and to enjoy nature. 2) Campers range from those who set off with minimum items to those who arrive in large motor homes equipped with their own electricity, heat, and furniture. 3) Camping is always connected with fishing, swimming and hiking. 4) All campsites have special facilities such as fire rings, bathrooms, etc. 5) Tent camping commonly uses a car, a pack animal, a boat or a plane to transport equipment to a campground. 6) Tent camping sites are often as expensive as campsites with full facilities. 7) Most of tent camping sites are accessible by car. 8) To get to some sites you do not require full backpacking equipment. 9) Recreational vehicles are more like motor houses. 10) RV campers think that tent camping is not comfortable and too much work. 11) The equipment used by backpackers is not heavy. 12) Survivalist campers learn how to survive out-of-doors in any situation. 13) Hunting camps are common in some regions. 14) Many people try not to use their home items but equipment better tailored to camping. II. Answer the following questions 1. What is camping? 2. What is the purpose of camping? 3. When did camping become popular? 4. What activities is camping connected with? 5. What places are used as campsites? 6. Why is camping restricted by law in some areas? 7. What special facilities do some campsites offer? 8. What campsites are designated for physically challenged people? 9. What people is tent camping popular with? 10. What is RV? 11. What people is RV camping popular with?

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12. Is backpacking equipment expensive? 13. What skills do survivalist campers learn? 14. Where can you find a list of necessary camping equipment? Words, Words, Words … I. Find in the text words and word combinations expressing the following: a place used for camping; walking in the country for pleasure; a large underground pipe which carries household and industrial wastes to a place where it can be treated and made harmless; a shelter made of canvas or nylon, which you sleep in when you are camping; outside in the fresh air, not in the building; easily carried or moved; doing something that has not been done before; a vehicle pulled by a car, used for carrying camping equipment, a boat, or other thing; not heavy; a person carrying a backpack on his back, to start a journey. II. Explain the following word combinations: Outdoor recreational activity, survivalist camper, a level paved area, handicapped camper, a pack animal, backpacking equipment, wheeled houses, emergency medical treatments, orienteering. III. Find in the text as many words as possible related to the headings below camping

facilities

equipment

activities

IV. Match the types of holiday with the useful equipment and give your reasons: skiing holiday goggles, camera, ski camping boots, binoculars, map, safari holiday net, camping stove, life mountaineering holiday jacket, rope, fishing rod, sailing holiday compass, climbing fishing holiday boots, hook, jeep, tent, sightseeing holiday ski jacket, guidebook V. Here is a list of camping equipment which Tom and Mark think they should take with them when they go on holiday. Which items would be useful and which items they could manage without? sleeping bag cell phone backpack map saw towel soap matches air mattress extra pair of shoes toothbrush tent toothpaste flashlight

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cooking pan extra money pen knife stove rope tent food for three days compass extra set of clothes tin opener camera mug water CD player IV. Complete the following text with the words below. Put only one word in each gap (Note that one word is extra). Camping is a popular way of ____(1)______ a holiday. It has so much to offer. You enjoy absolute freedom. If you don’t like the place, you can get up and go. You can stay in one place as long as you can. You can sleep in the __(2)____. It’s so exciting to arrive at a site, put up your tent and start getting a meal ready. You are always active and close to __(3)______, you can see really beautiful places which you can’t ___(4)_____ train or by bus. Camping provides you with a real change from every-day living. You get up earlier, go to bed earlier, develop a good appetite. You ___(5)________with many people. Some people say that there are lots of ____(6)__________connected with camping: you can be bitten to death ___(7)________, you must live on _(8)______, freeze in a __(9)________, carry huge weights on your back. But all these inconveniences are not very important for people who look forward to a few precious weeks in the year when they can really adopt a completely different way of life. make friends spending open air nature reach by inconveniences by mosquitoes canned food sleeping-bag recreation Time to Talk I.

Note-taking and speaking. a) Read the text again and make up a list of pros and cons of camping holidays. Add your own ideas to the list. b) Work in pairs. Use instructions below and your notes to make up a dialog between you and your friend. You Your Friend Greet your friend answers the greeting Ask if he/she likes camping holidays says that he/she doesn’t like camping holidays Don’t agree (fresh air, new people, plain food, etc.) insists that it’s better to make a reservation at a hotel Describe advantages of camping says that there are lots of inconveniences

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Ask if he/she has ever camping holiday

been on a says that he/she has never been on a camping holiday

Say that you invite your friends on a camping holiday. You are sure he/she will like it accepts your offer

Text 2 Question Time Ø Think of as many words as possible related to the theme “ skiing” . Ø Do you know any mountain skiing resorts in Russia? Time for Reading Skim through the text and answer the questions. 1. What attracted tourists in the first half of the 19th century to the mountain areas? 2. What new recreational activities appeared in the second half of the th 19 century? 3. What was the first half of the 20th century connected with? 4. When did the modern stage of mountain tourism begin? What is it characterized by? Mountain Tourism Natural recreational resources of mountain areas are favorable for the development of different kinds of tourism and recreation, but first of all for medical tourism (because of many mineral springs in the mountains), mountain hiking, mountain skiing and mountaineering. Picturesque view and virginity of nature in mountain areas attract lots of tourists. Tourism in mountain areas has not received such a mass development as at the seaside. This is caused by the factor that access to mountains is usually difficult. Recreational and tourist development of mountain regions is delayed by their poor transport accessibility and an expensive construction of mountain roads. Till the middle of the 19 th century healing mountain air, long duration of a light day and mineral springs were the main factors to attract tourists. The second half of the 19th century was characterized by the development of new kinds of recreational activities: mountaineering and sports tourism, and also by the development of a specialized tourism infrastructure. The period from the end of the 19th century up to the beginning of the World War II was connected with the development of winter kinds of recreation, first of all mountain skiing. Side by side a winter tourist season acquired great significance. The modern stage of mountain tourism began in the 1950s. It is characterized by transformation of mountain tourism into a mass phenomenon and intensive development of recreational economy.

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Nowadays mountain skiing as sports and tourism is extremely popular in Russia. The government supports development of some mountain skiing centers including the project of creating a mountain – climate resort “ Krasnaya Poliana” in Krasnodarsky region. After the project is realized, the tourists will be able to ski and swim in the sea within the same day. The largest Russian mountain skiing resorts are situated in the Caucasus. Tourism infrastructure is well-developed there. Russian popular mountain skiing resorts offer a wide range of lodging possibilities. Tourists can stay either at large hotels with swimming pools or in small two-three apartment homes with cozy atmosphere and kitchens. There is everything tourists need for recreation there. The Khibiny mountains are situated in the Cola peninsula. The skiing season here is almost 5 months long: from the beginning of December till the beginning of May. Unfortunately, the tourist infrastructure at the Khibiny mountains, is being developed at present, so the Khibiny are fine for domestic tourism only. The old Ural mountains are not very high but they are ideal for mass skiing because the snow is permanent there. Mountain skiing resorts of the southern Urals are more popular among the locals, but the quality of their skiing tracks is well known even in other regions. Russian mountain skiing resorts are currently being developed: Austrian and Italian elevators are being introduced, hotels are being opened and new routes appear. Not long ago the ski-tours, new type of mountain skiing tourism, have emerged. These tours are a combination of skiing and mountain skiing tourism. Local firms provide special equipment. Did you get it? I. Choose the best answer Broadly speaking, this text is about Ø development of mountain tourism in Russia Ø how mountain tourism started Ø development of mountain resorts in Russia Ø facilities for mountain tourism in Russia II. Which paragraph Ø describes the development of mountain tourism? Ø mentions the government support of the development of some mountain skiing centers? Ø contains information about the climate resort “ Krasnaya Poliana” ? Ø explains why mountain tourism is not as popular as seaside tourism? III. Say whether the following statements are true or false 1. There are many mineral springs in the mountains. 2. The construction of mountain roads is expensive. 3. Nowadays mountain skiing is extremely popular in Russia 4. The project of creating a mountain climate resort “ Krasnaya Poliana” has been realized already.

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5. The largest Russian mountain skiing resorts are situated in the Urals. 6. The Khibiny are fine for domestic tourists only. 7. The southern Urals are noted for the quality of their skiing tracks. 8. The ski-tours are a combination of skiing and mountain skiing tourism. 9. Tourists should use their own equipment. IV. Answer the following questions 1.Why do mountain areas attract tourists? 2.What delays the development of mountain tourism? 3.What is the history of mountain tourism development? 4.Is mountain skiing popular in Russia? 5.Where are the largest mountain skiing resorts situated? 6.How long does the skiing season last in the Khibiny? 7.Why are the Ural mountains ideal for mass skiing? 8.How are Russian mountain skiing resorts being developed? Words, Words, Words… I. Look at the following words in the text and try to explain them: Natural recreational resources, to be favorable, medical tourism, mineral springs, mountain hiking, mountain skiing, picturesque views, poor transport accessibility, curative mountain air, long duration of a light day, tourism infrastructure, winter tourist season, to be extremely popular, to be welldeveloped, wide range of lodging possibilities, two-three apartment homes. II. Give definitions. What do we call: 1) a very high hill, usually of bare or snow-covered rock; 2) at the present time; now; 3) means of entering; way in; 4) making (something) improved or advanced; 5) changing and interesting enough to be made into a picture; 6) necessary things, clothing, etc. for some special purposes; 7) the state of being a virgin; 8) of or being what exists in the world, not caused, made, or controlled by people; 9) mountain-climbing as a sport; 10) to make slow. III. Make up your own sentences using the given beginnings: 1. Side by side ... .2. Picturesqueness of the coast... .3. This is caused by .... 4. Curative mountain air ... .5. It is connected with ... .6. High level of .... 7. The attraction of .... 8. Recreational use .... 9. Sport tourism ... 10. Poor transport accessibility .... 11. Mountain tourism .... 12. It is characterized by… .. IV. Complete the text filling the gaps with the words in the box poles

pants

goggles instructor boots lift jump slopes It is important to have all the necessary equipment before you go skiing. Waterproof ski … … … . Are needed to stop you getting wet when you fall over, ski … … … … are needed to protect your ankles and ski … … … … . to protect your eyes. Ski … … … … .. are also useful to help you keep your balance. Before hitting the ski … … … … .. , it is advisable to take some lessons from a ski … … … … … .. , and a pass for the ski … … … … is needed to get to the top. After

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a few lessons you may even feel daring enough to try a ski … … … .! Time to Talk Discuss the following questions: Ø Can you understand the attraction of mountain skiing? Ø Would you consider doing it if you had a chance? Why/Why not?

Text 3 Question Time Discuss these questions in groups: 1. When did people start exploring the space? 2. Who was the first human to travel in the space? What was the reason? 3. What planets have people been to? Time for Reading Skim through the text and answer the questions. ü How much does the trip cost? ü How long does each trip last? ü What does the package tour include? ü Has the Challenger disaster made people more or less interested in space flights? ü What kind of advertising of the space tour is mentioned? Space Holidays The Twickers World, a tour operator in London is planning to offer the package tour – 10 hour trip into space for ₤ 29,200 in a specially designed passenger spacecraft from the Cape Canaveral in Florida. The package includes at least five earth orbits, custom-made flight suits, “ fine dining” , and a view of the world as a small sphere. The spacecraft, designed to take off and land vertically, is being developed by Maxwell Hunter, a former chief planner of the Lockheed Rocket and Space Company. Mrs. Hedda Lyons, a director of Twickers World, said that the Challenger disaster had had little impact on bookings. “ Surprisingly, we have had more interest since disaster” , she said. The Twickers World brochure states that the spaceship has high safety standards. “ You board the vehicle as you would a jet craft” , it writes. Travelers can either choose to remain strapped in their seats or get up and float about to experience weightlessness. Every passenger has his own window to view the flight and record the trip with spectacular pictures. Seven minutes after take off and 1000 miles from the Cape Canaveral launch site, the spacecraft goes into orbit. Passengers will circle the earth at least five times for the next eight or so hours. Getting back takes an hour. Final course corrections are made and the spacecraft glides down towards the landing site. The spacecraft with 20 seats is to be built by the Pacific Launch Systems

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of Seattle. Did you get it? I. Decide whether the statements below are true or false according to the information in the text. Correct wrong statements. 1) The spacecraft takes off from the Cape Canaveral. 2) The Cape Canaveral is situated in California. 3) The passengers are allowed to take pictures during the trip. 4) The way back home takes an hour. 5) The crew of the spacecraft should make course corrections during the trip. 6) Travelers should remain strapped in their seats all the time. 7) The spacecraft will contain 10 seats. 8) The spacecraft will be built in Seattle. 9) The Twickers World is sure that the spacecraft is absolutely safe. II. Answer the questions: 1. What is the Twickers World, a tour operator in London planning to offer? 2. What does the package tour include? 3. Is the spacecraft designed to take off and land vertically? 4. Did the Challenger disaster have had little impact on bookings? 5. What does the Twickers World brochure state? 6. Will the travelers remain strapped in their seats or get up and float about to experience weightlessness? 7. How much time does it take to go into orbit? 8. What will the travelers be doing for the next eight or so hours? 9. How much time does it take to get back? 10. What company is to build the spacecraft? Words, Words, Words… I. Find in text words and word combinations expressing the following: the area without limits that lies beyond our planet’s atmosphere; made according to your special requirements; costume for flights; to leave the ground and start flying; to come down to the ground; a rocket or other vehicle that travels in the space; a bad accident; a place to send a spacecraft into the space; what you experience while in the space when the earth’s gravity doesn’t affect you; a modern airplane that moves very fast and high up. II. Match the words (column A) with their definitions (column B). A B 1. spectacular a) a tour where a travel company books your travel and accommodations 2. impact b) reservation 3. to board c) get on or into a ship, a train, a bus 4. package tour d) attracting public attention

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5. booking 6. spaceship

e) strong impression or effect f) a vehicle that carries people through space III. These verbs describe the stages of a flight on board the spacecraft. Put them into the correct order according to the stages of a flight. to take off to board to launch to circle the earth to glide to land to float to go into orbit to get back to strap IV. Fill in the appropriate word from the list:

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø … … … … … …

a tour a package 10 hour passenger earth flight land … … .operator … … … … .trip … … … . orbits … … vertically … … … … craft weightlessness

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

Ø safety Ø a jet Ø experience Ø spectacular Ø pictures Ø launch Ø final … … tour … … spacecraft … .. .suits … … standards … … course … … site

Time to Talk I. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner. Share the results of your discussion with your teacher. 1. Do you think that the price of the trip is fair? 2. Would you go on such trip? 3. Do you think that this idea will be successful? 4. Do you believe that the spacecraft is completely safe? 5. Do you think it will be popular in the future to spend a holiday in the space? 6. Would you like to spend a holiday in such a way? II. Presentation. You are working in the Twickers World. Your company is promoting a new type of holiday – a space holiday. What people do you think will be your customers? Make a presentation of the space holiday. Include information about the price, the time in the space, about available facilities, means of transport. Stress upon the safety of the travel. Make your presentation sound attractive. Use information from the text and your own ideas.

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Text 4 Question Time Imagine you are planning a holiday trip. 1. What are some of the arrangements you might need to make? 2. Would you ask a travel company to take care of these arrangements, or would you make some or all of them yourself? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each way? Time for Reading These people want to book a holiday with a travel agency. Read the information about the people and the holidays the agency offers and find the best holiday for each person. a) Sam Crow wants to go somewhere romantic for his honeymoon. b) Mr. and Mrs. Snow prefer mild climate and fresh air. c) Jane’s husband and two sons like diving and watching coral reefs. d) Mr. Smart wants a single room with a view on the sea. Exotic China

Lausanne, Switzerland

From the hotel in Shanghai you will travel by bus to all the places most unusual for European eyes. During this fortnight we will try to help you get acquainted with one of the oldest civilizations of the world. You’ll see Chinese customs, traditions which are something worth exploring and spending money on.

Come to our rest house near Lausanne, Switzerland, you will never be able to forget our healing climate and breath-taking landscape. Situated on the right bank of the lake, our hotel is a luxurious shelter for those who value quietness and peace. There are lots of routes to walk or ride.

The Mediterranean coast of France Our four-star hotel is an ideal place for getting away from the crowds. Situated on a lonely place on the Mediterranean coast of France it can provide everything you need from dressing-gowns to a cup of your favorite tea at eight in the morning. No noisy groups allowed. We provide all sorts of lodging including apartments and cottages.

Egypt A week in Egypt in a cozy small hotel only two hundred meters from the sea. We provide halfboard meals and various excursions to lots of places including the famous pyramids and beautiful towns. You also can hire the equipment and explore the bottom of the sea on your own. Single rooms are not available.

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Mediterranean cruise

Tunis

Mediterranean cruise on board an ancient-looking yacht. During these unforgettable ten days you will have a wonderful chance to see the most of the European coast. There is everything you need in all five double cabins, and our welltrained crew will do their best to make your dreams come true.

Bungalow in Tunis for only ₤229 a week. A nice view on the ocean and wildlife. Good air conditioning and shower will help you to put up with the afternoon heat. The bungalow is a ten-minute walk from the hotel where you will have your meals. Excursions are not available at this time of the year.

Words, Words, Words… I. Match up: 1. half a) cruise 2. air b) a holiday 3. single c) hotel 4. to book d) agency 5. four star e) board 6. rest f) house 7. travel g) room 8. Mediterranean h) conditioning II. Match the words with their definitions: 1. honeymoon a) a period of two weeks 2. diving b) a holiday during which you travel on a ship and visit lots of places 3. lodging c) a place to stay in for a period of time, which you usually pay for 4. fortnight d) while staying in a hotel you have your breakfast and evening meal, but not your lunch 5. excursion e) a large boat with sails or a motor, used for racing or pleasure trips 6. half board f) a holiday taken by a man and a woman who have just got married 7. travel agency g) exploring underwater or the bottom of the sea, using special breathing equipment 8. cruise h) a short journey organized by a tourist organization, e.g. so that people can visit an interesting place

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9. yacht

i) a business which makes arrangements for people’s holydays and journeys, e.g. by booking their tickets or hotel accommodations for them Time to Talk

Work in pairs. Say what of the places mentioned above you would like to go and why. If you have some other place you want to go to, tell about it.

UNIT IV Hotels Text 1 Question Time Working in groups, discuss the following questions: 1. Speaking about hotels, which of these do you consider the most important? • price • facilities • location • service 2. What do you expect from a good hotel? Time for Reading Read the text below and say which sentences (A-G) fit in to the numbered gaps (1-7). A. If the resort loses its attractions for visitors, the hotel will suffer a decline. B. Five-star hotel is one offering the highest international standard plus restaurant open for breakfast, lunch and dinner. C. The large monitoring organizations classify hotels by giving them stars. D. Hotels for business travelers may experience consistent demand during the year. E. Location implies both the destination and the location within that destination. F. Also a hotel may offer many services, including services for people who are not staying in the hotel, i.e. restaurants and bars, a meeting place for clubs and organizations, entertainment and recreation, stage conferences and exhibitions, facilities for sports and competitions, a place for company or family celebrations. G. Hot evening meals available. Hotel Industry In times past, inns were few and far between and at the end of the day the weary traveler could never be sure he would spend the night with a roof over his head. If he was lucky enough to find an inn, his bed would have cost him

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nothing for landlords made their money on food and drink. The “ bed” , however, would probably have been a heap of straw in the corner of the inn’s room. But times have moved on. Today’s travelers in many parts of the world may choose different accommodation. Accommodation is not a single product but the sum of a variety of different products. These products may include: location; price; food and drink; service; atmosphere; the customers; facilities such as room service, pool, fax machines, fitness centers, etc. ________(1)___________ . There is an official grading systems for accommodation which are set up to ensure uniformity of the accommodation “ product” and to help guests choose accommodation according to their needs. _____(2)_______. Thus, we have “ five-star hotels” , “ two-star hotels” , etc. Here are some extracts from the explanations given by the British Automobile Association. One-star hotel is a hotel or an inn generally of small scale with good facilities and furnishings, adequate bath and lavatory arrangements, and the use of a telephone. Two-star hotel is a hotel offering a higher standard of accommodation. Twenty per cent of bedrooms contain a private bathroom or shower with lavatory; a wider range of facilities, including morning tea and calls, TV in lounge or bedrooms, assistance with luggage. Three-star hotels have more spacious accommodation, with two thirds of the bedrooms containing a private bathroom or shower with lavatory, plus easy chair, full length mirror, shoe cleaning facilities and hairdryers available. ___(3)_______ . Four-star hotels are hotels offering a high standard of comfort and service with all bedrooms providing a private bathroom or shower with lavatory, plus TV, radio, and telephone. _____(4)______________ . Hotel operation is a risky and costly business. Many hotels are faced with a number of problems and decisions due to the rise and fall in demand for their facilities. Thus, tourist hotels suffer from very high demand during the summer and low demand in winter months. _____(5)__________. But their demand is largely for Monday-Thursday nights and they will have a problem in attracting weekend business. The location of a hotel is an important factor in its success. ____(6)_________ . Thus the business traveler will want to be at a hotel close to the company he visits, the seaside holidaymaker will wish to be as close as possible to the sea, and the traveler will want to be close to the airport from which he is leaving. Location is, of course, fixed for all time. _______(7)___________ . Did you get it? I. Read the text again. Write out the key ideas in each paragraph. Entitle each paragraph. II. Answer the following questions. 1. What kind of accommodation was popular in the past? 2. How much did the “ bed” cost for the traveler in times past? 3. What products does accommodation include?

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4. What symbols are used in grading system for accommodation in the text above? Do you know other symbols or names that are used in grading systems in other countries? 5. Who is responsible for classifying hotels? 6. Why is hotel operation a risky business? Prove your answer. 7. Is the location of a hotel a relevant factor in its success? 8. Why can a resort lose its attraction for visitors? Give possible reasons. Time to Talk III. Find in the text information about services that are offered also for people who are not staying in the hotel. Name these services. • Can you add any other services to the list? • Which services do you think are most important? • Give examples of services you mentioned from any hotel you know. Words, Words, Words … I. Match the types of the hotels (on the left) with their descriptions (on the right) a) resort hotel 1. It is built specially to provide a service to motorists. b) motel 2. It provides every facility a wealthy guest might need. c) country house 3. It is situated in a place where tourists like hotel to stay, often near the sea. Guests may stay for a week or two, and usually book in advance. d) commercial hotel 4. It provides accommodation for people going to or coming from other countries, usually only staying for one night. e) airport hotel 5. It is often situated in a town center, and provides accommodation for traveling businessmen, staying only one or two nights. f) luxury hotel 6. It provides facilities for large meetings and conferences, with a lecture theatre and exhibition facilities. g) congress hotel 7. It provides low-priced accommodation, usually on a small scale, for holiday visitors or for long-stay guests. h) guest hotel 8. It is situated in pleasant scenery, and provides comfortable but informal accommodation for people who want to relax in a quiet place. II. Hotels can be organized in different ways, and the names of jobs and department vary from hotel to hotel. But there are certain

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departments that you will find in most hotels. Match the places on the left with the words on the right. (a) where guests make reservations, check in (i) housekeeping and check out (b) where guests eat (ii) kitchen (c) where guests drink alcoholic or soft drinks (iii) restaurant (d) where food is cooked (iv) front office or reception (e) where bills are added up and money (v) bar matters dealt with (f) the department that makes sure the hotel (vi) cashier’s office and the rooms are clean, and that everything in the rooms is in order III. Check if you know words for the following jobs. Use the words below to fill in the gaps. a) The person responsible for the cooking in the kitchen is __________. b) The person who looks after guests’ reservations is ______________. c) The person in charge of service to guests in the restaurant is ___________. d) The person responsible for keeping the hotel clean and supplying the linen is ____________. e) The person who looks after all money paid to or by the hotel __________. f) The person responsible for greeting guests, helping them with their luggage, organizing their transport, and dealing with their mail is _____________. ü the Restaurant Manager ü the Cashier ü the Housekeeper ü the Receptionist ü the Porter ü the Head Chef IV. Complete these sentences using the words in the box (Note that one word is used three times) responsible under charge after includes to supervises (a) The Assistant Manager is __________ for the day-to-day running of the hotel. (b) We have three receptionists who work ________ the Head Receptionist. (c) In this hotel, the Head Porter reports __________ the Head Receptionist. (d) The Head Housekeeper is in _____________ of the chambermaids and cleaners. (e) We have four bar operatives looking ________ the bars in the hotel. (f) The bars and the restaurants all come _________ the responsibility of the Restaurant Manager. The Restaurant Section __________ both restaurants and bar service.

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(g) The Head Waiter ___________ three Station Waiters, and two parttime waiters. (h) ________ the Head Chef we have the Second Chef, and two trainee chefs. V. Using the information from the task IV complete this diagram. MANAGER

ASSISTANT MANAGER RESTAURANT STAFF

HOUSEKEEPING STAFF

RECEPTIONIST STAFF

Time to Talk I. Work in pairs. You should draw a diagram to show the organization of any hotel you know or can imagine. Do not show this diagram to anyone else. Describe the organization in the diagram to your partner or to other students in your class. Your partner or other students should try to draw and label a diagram of the organization from your description. When you have finished compare the diagrams the other students have drawn with your original diagram. II. Role game. You think of any job that is done in a hotel. Pretend you do the job. Ask other students “ What’s my job?” Other students ask yes/no questions about the job. You can only answer “ yes” or “ no” . They must try to guess the job you do in ten questions.

UNIT V National Cuisine Text 1 Question Time A cuisine (from the French words for “kitchen”) is a specific set of cooking traditions and practices often associated with a place of origin. A cuisine is primarily influenced by the ingredients that are available. In addition to food, a cuisine includes beverages, such as wine, liquor, tea, coffee and other drinks. The text you are going to read is about four types of cuisine. Before reading the text answer the following questions. • Think of as many words as you can related to the theme “ food and

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cooking” . • Use your dictionary to find the English names of those dishes you like most of all, traditional dishes in Russia, dishes that we usually cook for holidays. • Do you know the names of any traditional dishes in other countries? • In English food language there are many words in French, e.g. hors d'oeuvres. Can you explain the possible reasons? Time for Reading Skim the text and answer the following questions: • What cuisine is mentioned in the text? • What Russian food, according to the text, deserves to be praised? • What is common between Russian cuisine and Georgian cuisine? • What ingredients does a traditional hamburger consist of? • When was the first recipe for tomato ketchup recorded in cookbooks? • What do the Finns eat for breakfast? National Cuisine Russian cuisine is famous for its hors d'oeuvres. We recommend cucumber and tomato salad in sour cream, fish or suckling pig in aspic, beef galantine, marinated mushrooms. Russian caviar hardly needs to be praised. Why not try it with butter on a piece of rye bread? The most popular first courses are borshch (beetroot soup), shchi (cabbage soup), rassolnik (soup made with pickled cucumbers), vegetable or meat okroshka (cold soup with a kvass base). For a main course you will enjoy Pozharsky and Kiev chicken cutlets, Siberian meat dumplings, blini (small pancakes), oladi (fritters), pancakes filled with meat, cottage cheese or apples and various cereal dishes (kashas), especially buckwheat kasha with milk or butter. Georgian cuisine, like Russian is noted for its many and varied hors d'oeuvres, served with aromatic herbs, various cheeses, marinades and spices for meat, fish and vegetable dishes. The guest is first offered khachapuri - pies or flat cakes with cheese, lobio (boiled beans with spices) for which each cook has its own special recipe, pomegranate seeds in vinegar, suluguni cheese fried in butter. The most experienced gourmet will be delighted by the fiery kharcho soup and crunchy tabaka chicken with tkemali sauce, and turkey with satsivi, a spicy nut sauce which will melt in your mouth. Shashlyk, widespread in Georgia as everywhere in the Caucasus, is made of mutton, pork, or veal, depending on the season. If you add to all this the most popular Georgian wines - dry white Tsinandali and Gurjhaani, and red Teliani and Mukuzani, luscious fruits and wonderful mineral waters, you can imagine how much you will enjoy Georgian cuisine. Americans often have a hamburger for a quick lunch or snack. But do you know that the favorite American "fast food" actually comes from many different countries? The "American" hamburger is a truly international meal! The hamburger is made of beef, not ham. The idea of chopping meat into very small pieces comes from Turkey. The name "hamburger" comes from the

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town of Hamburg in Germany. The pickle, or pickled cucumber, comes from Eastern Europe. The word ketchup comes from China. "Ke-tsiap" is the Chinese name for a sauce made of pickled fish and spices. The first recipe for tomato ketchup is in a 1792 American cookbook. Mayonnaise, sometimes called "mayo", is a yellow-white sauce made of eggs, oil, and lemon juice. It comes from the Spanish Island of Minorca, but its name is French. Mayonnaise is also used as a dressing for salads. The bun is a kind of bread. It comes from an English recipe, and the sesame seeds on the top come from the Middle East. Finns typically eat a substantial breakfast - coffee, bread, milk, yoghurt and maybe porridge. They prefer home cooking which includes meat or fish, potatoes, vegetables, bread and dairy products. The regional specialties are worth tasting: reindeer in the north, a fish pasty with a hard crust (kalakukko) and Karelian pies in the east, black sausage in the west. Finnish specialties also include salmon soup, pea soup (eaten especially on Thursdays), various types of casseroles (laatikko, pata) and mämmi, a frightful-looking brown pudding that is eaten during Easter. Finnish mushrooms and berries are a real delicacy. On the other hand, Finns also absorb foreign customs, too. Now they have pizzerias and hamburger stalls on every corner. A particular Finnish trait is the habit of drinking milk or sourmilk with meals - even adults do this. Others prefer mineral water or beer and of course, coffee. Finland is the top coffee-drinking country in the world. Did you get it? Say whether the following statements are true or false according to the text a) Russian cuisine is noted for its hors d'oeuvres. b) It is worth trying Russian caviar with butter on a piece of rye bread. c) Russian cuisine offers a great variety of soups. d) In general Georgian cuisine is spicy. e) The American hamburger is an international meal. f) Mayonnaise as well as ketchup is used as a dressing for salads. g) The sesame seeds come from the Middle East. h) The Finns like to dine out. i) There are few pizzerias and hamburger stalls in Finland. j) A Finnish pudding for Easter is good looking. k) Finland is the top milk-drinking country in the world. II. Answer the following questions on the text: 1. What is Georgian cuisine famous for? 2. What are the most popular Georgian wines? 3. What countries does hamburger come from? 4. What other things do people put on hamburgers? What do you like on hamburger? 5. What is the origin of mayonnaise? 6. Do you know the ingredients of Russian cuisine? Describe them. 7. What kind of breakfast do the Finns prefer? I.

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8. What are Finnish regional specialties? 9. What foreign food customs do the Finns adopt? 10. What kind of drinks do the Finns prefer? 11. What cuisine from the described above do you like most? 12. What ingredients do you need to make your favorite sandwich, snack, dessert? Words, Words, Words… I. Explain the following English words and word combinations: Cuisine, to be famous for, to be praised, Middle East, substantial breakfast, cookbooks, dairy products, frightful-looking, to absorb, the top coffee-drinking country. II. The following words are the names of different food, products and dishes. Match the dishes and products with what they are made of or related to (some dishes can be used more than once): Hors d'oeuvres, cucumber and tomato salad, sour meet vegetables flour fish groats/seeds spices cream, suckling pig aspic, beef galantine, marinated mushrooms, caviar, butter, rye bread, beetroot soup, drinks milk sauce cabbage soup, rassolnik, pickled cucumbers, okroshka, kvass, chicken cutlets, meat dumplings, pancakes, fritters, cottage cheese, apples, cereal dishes, buckwheat kasha, herbs, cheeses, marinades, pies, cakes, lobio, pomegranate seeds, vinegar, suluguni, kharcho soup, tabaka chicken tkemali sauce, turkey, satsivi, Shashlyk, mutton, pork, veal, mineral waters, wine, hamburger, ham, ketchup, pickled fish, mayonnaise, oil, lemon juice, bun, sesame seeds, coffee, yoghurt, porridge, potatoes, dairy products, reindeer, a fish pasty, black sausage, salmon soup, pea soup casseroles, pudding, berries, sourmilk, beer. III. The following verbs are for preparing and cooking food. Which often go with the food above? bake boil chop cut fry grill peel roast slice squeeze Can you think of other food words that often go with these verbs? IV. Study the following kitchen equipment used to prepare or cook food: bowl frying pan casserole dish knife oven tin saucepan What do you usually use to cook your everyday meal? V. Complete the recipe of an Apple Cake with the missing words from the list. Some words can be used more than once: mix peel chop add put oven bowl cook serve tin 1. … … .. and … … . the apples.

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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

… … .. together the apples, raisins, milk and sugar. … … ...together the flour and butter (softened) in another … … . . … … ...the fruit mixture and egg and … … .. very well. … … ...into a buttered square cake … .. . … … … a little white sugar on the top. … … ...in the … … … .. for 1 hour 45 minutes. … … .. hot or cold with fresh cream.

Time to Write Write down the instructions for your favorite recipe. Time to Talk Work in pairs. I. Your friend is working at McDonalds. Discuss with her/him the cons and pros (if there are any) of American junk food. Use the information from the text and your ideas about the American cuisine. II. A friend of yours invited you to dine out. You want to go to a restaurant with Georgian cuisine while your friend wants to go to a traditional Russian restaurant. Discuss with your friend both cuisines and come to conclusion where to go. III. You have just come back from Finland. Tell your friend about the Finnish cuisine. IV. Do you know that there are different cultural attitudes to food? For example, in Japan, participating in a Japanese tea ceremony is a fine art and there’s an elaborate ceremonial about it. Not drinking tea in the right way is considered to be an act of barbarianism. Think and tell your group mates about cultural attitudes you know of in other countries.

Text 2 Question Time If you are looking for a vacation like no other, a cooking tour is exactly what you are looking for. A cooking tour is a great way to combine your love of arts and travel into an extraordinary experience like no other. It provides you with the opportunity to explore some of the most beautiful regions of the world while teaching you to make delicious gourmet foods. You will sample the legendary cuisine and wines. There are different types of culinary tours. For example, food tours to Italy and France, gourmet tours to China, wine tours to Turkey and Spain, etc. The text you are about to read advertises chocolate tours to Belgium. Answer the following questions:

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• What is special about chocolate? Why are there so many people who are keen on chocolate? • Are you a chocolate lover? Time for Reading Scan the text below to complete these statements as quickly as possible 1. The tour is designed for you, if you... • run your own chocolate business • are fed up with regular vacation • are an incurable chocoholic 2. Your friends think … • it's cool that you know the difference between cocoa and cacao. • it's a little bit crazy that you know the difference between cocoa and cacao. • it's unbelievable that you know the difference between cocoa and cacao. 3. We don't recommend you to go on this tour if you … • are on a slimming diet • are chocolate allergic • do not care about chocolate at all 4. According the text, Belgium … • has the best chocolate factories • is heaven for food lovers • has historic, cultural and food value Chocolate Lovers Paradise Tours For food lovers, Belgium is heaven. Belgium has more history, art, food, and architecture per square inch than many of its bigger, louder neighbours. During this unforgettable 7-day Escorted Tour for Chocolate Lovers and Chocoholics you will taste gourmet chocolate and pralines from some of the world's most famous chocolate makers. You will have a chance to participate in chocolate-making demonstrations at chocolate factories, and get your own diploma signed by the very best chocolatiers. You will try delicious chocolate desserts after the most sumptuous meals. Our tour is especially designed for you, if you... ü are a true chocolate lover; ü have an appreciation for the most exquisite chocolates in the world; ü are an incurable chocoholic (who doesn't want to find a cure); ü are on the quest to find the chocolate paradise; ü want to share with a loved one the sweetest Valentine's Day; ü just want to have a marvellous, unique vacation. You belong on this tour if... ü you have a reverence for the "Food of the gods"; ü you understand and can appreciate the differences between "just chocolate" and "heavenly chocolate";

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ü you think the greatest human achievement is chocolate; ü you're an admitted chocoholic; ü your friends think it's cuckoo that you know the difference between cocoa and cacao. We don't want you on this tour if... ü you are constantly going to count calories. A Heavenly vacation -- and yes, you deserve it! Honestly, doesn't just the thought of chocolate put a smile on your face? Imagine what a visit to the chocolate paradise will do for you... Yes, you will be in paradise... and savour the most exquisite chocolates, hand-made by the best chocolate artisans in the world. Included: ü accommodations in First Class and Deluxe Hotels ü meals ü ground transportation by deluxe A/C motorcoach ü professional assistance during the tour ü tours and visits ü local guides and entrance fees ü luggage handling ü all land taxes included Did You Get It? I. Say whether the following statements true or false a) Belgium is bigger than its neighbours. b) Tours for Chocolate Lovers and Chocoholics last for a week. c) During the tour you will be accompanied by guides. d) You will be provided with first class and deluxe accommodation. e) Your luggage will be taken care of. f) During the tour you will travel by car. g) You will be served delicious chocolate desserts after the most lavish meals. h) The most exquisite chocolates are hand-made by the best chocolate craftsmen. i) Chocolate tour is a unique vacation. II. Answer the following questions 1) What tours and visits are offered to tourists? 2) What kind of chocolate and pralines will tourists taste? 3) According to the text, what food can be called "Food of the Gods? 4) According to the text, what is the greatest human achievement? 5) What should a true chocoholic be in search of? 6) What vacation does a chocolate lover deserve? 7) What taxes are included in this package tour? III. In the text one holiday is mentioned. Tell what holiday it is. Why is this holiday associated with chocolate? IV. The author used different adjectives and metaphors to make the text

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sound more attractive. Find them. Words, Words, Words… . I. Read and translate the words of the same roots: chocolate – chocoholic - chocolatier; to make – maker – chocolate-making – hand-made; to love – lover – loved; honest – honestly –honour; heaven – heavenly; cure –curative - incurable. II. Look at these words from the text. Use a dictionary and make as many words as possible of the same roots: • to participate • to admit • true • to achieve • difference • artisan • to count • quest III. Write all forms of adjectives used in the text in the table below and complete the table; adjective

comparative form

superlative form the most famous the best

delicious the most sumptuous bigger IV. Given certain definitions. Your task is to determine what notion is defined: • expert of good food • sweet made by browning nuts in boiling sugar • person who is crazy about chocolate • craze (slang) • seed from which chocolate is made • drink made from crushed cacao seeds, often with other ingredients • characteristic taste, flavour • skilled manual worker or craftsman • place or state of complete happiness. Time to Talk Tell about a chocolate tour. Include information about accommodation, catering, visits and tours to chocolate factories, etc.

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Time to Revise I. Choose the suitable words (a-d) to fill in the gaps 1. __________ poses real threat to the environment. a) mass tourism; b) camping; c) overseas travel; d) a tourist. 2. The term “ _______” appeared in the late 1980s. a) tourism; b) holiday; c) ecotourism; d) package tour 3. ______ develops tour packages. a) a travel agent; b) a tour operator; c) an animator; d) a traveler. 4. People started traveling _________. a) in Roman times; b) when the railroads appeared; c) long ago; d) when jet planes emerged. 5. The father of modern mass tourism is _________. a) Magellan; b) WTO; c) Thomas Cook; d) Marco Polo. 6. Tourism is ____________ industry in the world. a) the largest; b) the smallest; c) the most expensive; d) the most popular. 7. _________ is connected with scientific conferences. a) leisure tourism; b) sanative tourism; c) ecotourism; d) research tourism. 8. Russia holds an ___________ place on the world tourist market. a) comfortable; b) insignificant; c) vacant; d) significant. 9. Russia has an _____________ image for tourism development. a) wonderful; b) attractive; c) unfavorable; d) colorful 10. The modern stage of ____________ started in 1950s. a) mountain tourism; b) special interest holidays; c) scuba diving; d) hiking. 11. _________ is understood as visiting spas, resorts and undergoing medical treatment. a) recreation tourism; b) sanative tourism; c) cognitive tourism; d) ecotourism. 12. The most popular recreation activity in the countryside is ___________. a) mountaineering; b) walking: c) visiting art galleries; d) fishing. 13. Research tourism is a part of ____________. a) sanative tourism; b) cognitive tourism; c) ecotourism; d) scientific work. 14. Hotel operation is a ___________ business. a) profitable; b) complicated; c) risky; d) unpredictable. 15. __________ provides every facility a wealthy guest might need. a) motel; b) guest hotel; c) country house hotel; d) luxury hotel. 16. __________ is responsible for the hotel clean and supplying the linen. a) the porter; b) the receptionist; c) the head chef; d) the housekeeper. II. Complete the following texts with the words below (note that there is one extra word) A) There is something romantic about the traveler. Most of us prefer to think of ourselves as travelers rather than tourists. Tourists stick out like __(1)_______. They are separate from the people and the places that they visit.

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Over eager for their annual __(2)_____ dose of happiness, determined to record it on film, and ____(3)_______ with local people they hide behind their cameras. The tourist's habit of trying to see everything ends in disappointment, and in learning and experiencing ____(4)_________. Travelers on the other hand ___(5)______ themselves in places and cultures. There is a reason and a purpose for their ___(6)____. They make new friends and laugh and argue about life with ___(7)____. The traveler broadens his or her mind, sees their lives through others eyes, and gains new perspectives. They return home with new experiences and sometimes new values. Travelers fully experience places, rather than merely __(8)______ them. To do this they must first accept them. Accept that Africa is hot, that there are bugs, that life operates at a different pace, and that local people are fascinated by us and sometimes stare. However, in case we get too excited about becoming travelers let us remember that on the same trip we are sometimes __(9)______ and at other times we are travelers. 2-week very little local people ill at ease sore thumbs immerse trip observing tourists romantic B) After coasts and islands, ___(1)__________are the most important destinations for global tourism. Tourists are attracted to mountains for many reasons: ___(2)_______and clean air, varied topography, scenic beauty, local traditions, 'simple' lifestyles, and the opportunities to practice sports that require ____(3)_________ or winter snow. Mountain tourism is a diverse ___(4)_____, involving a great variety of activities. About 15-20 % of the global tourism is associated with mountain areas. Tourism tends to be very unevenly spread in mountain areas. Even in _____(5)_____, one of the global centers of tourism, 40 per cent of communes have no tourism, and only 10 % have large tourist infrastructure. About 25 % of firewood consumption is due to tourism - almost 1,000 tones of firewood are burned daily during _____(6)________. As forests in the national park are protected, this means high levels of ____(7)_________ outside the park. steep slopes deforestation phenomenon mountains the climate the Alps the peak tourist season sports C) A challenge for any visitor to a foreign country is ____(1)________the rights and beliefs of the local peoples. Any visitor will have an impact and it is up to the visitor ____(2)________ the cultural or environmental negative elements of that impact. Each country has different traditions and __(3)_______. Travel Guidebooks usually have detailed ____(4)________ on this subject. If you are travelling with an organised group you should expect the group leader _____(5)_______ this information. Try and make sure you know what to do and how to act when: in a public place, involved in negotiations, eating and __(6)_____, visiting a home, visiting a temple, being approached by beggars, taking _____(7)_________. Aso make

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sure you know what is acceptable ____(8)_______. If ______(9)_________the following are pretty universal: • Ask before taking a photograph. • Before giving money to ___(10)________consider: are they in genuine need, would your money be better used if given to a good local charity. • Politeness is always appreciated. • Dirty clothes are unlikely to be approved of. to provide to minimise drinking sensitivities to respect chapters a photograph dress a beggar in doubt advise D) The __(1)________ of ecotourism holidays emerged over the past 20 years or so. Thoughtful nature lovers and __________(2)_______ became concerned to ensure that their holidays were not putting _____(3)________ and species at risk. A question of the not killing the goose that lays the golden egg really. Over time an emphasis was placed on the impacts of tourism on local people as well as environments and species. Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of ____(4)_______. Real _____(5)___________ provide a 'walk on the wild side' that support __(6)_____ and local people. Sadly ecotourism has been ___(7)_______ by unscrupulous operators exploiting the ecotourism buzzword - but doing nothing to support conservation or local people. Media headlines such as “ ecotourist or _____(8)_____” reflected the growing concern that companies were attracting larger number of tourists to ___(9)______ ecosystems with little or no regard for local people or the environment. Attention should be drawn to the businesses of such operators, and they need ___(10)______ their practices. tour companies devalued fragile to change ecotourism holidays concept environments conservation local people ecoterrorist to keep III. How far do you agree with the statement? “ Travel abroad is no longer the adventure it used to be. Mass tourism had destroyed the adventure of foreign travel.” Think about these points: • Increased speed and ease of travel • Popularity of organized adventure holidays • Increasing interest in travel to exotic or remote places. IV. Debate the question in class: “ Is tourism beneficial or harmful to the world and its people?” V. Discuss these questions: How far do you consider that tourism is or can be a place where cultures meet, an accelerator to international understanding and to the transfer of wealth from visitor to visited? Give example to support your opinion. VI. Planning a campaign to promote tourism in the region where you live.

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Your goal is to promote the region in general as a tourist destination. Follow the plan below. 1. Define what your region can offer to tourists and visitors. 2. Define what places or events can be attractive for tourists. 3. Identify who are your potential customers. What are their common characteristics? 4. Identify the best way to promote tourism in your region. Which promotional activities and methods are you going to use? VII. Make up short dialogues discussing: (a) popular dishes in different countries; (b) international dishes; (c) popular ingredients (vegetables, fruits, spices) used by different nations and nationalities. VIII. Discuss with your partner: (a) what food stuff you can get at: a grocery shop; a dairy shop; a bakery shop; a meat shop; a fruit and vegetable shop; (b) what dish you can cook using some tinned goods (meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, etc.) and groceries.

С писок исполь зован н ой литературы 1. M. Jacob. English for International Tourism/Miriam Jacob, Peter Strutt– Longman, 1997. – 132 p. 2. N. McBurnie. Tourism/ Neil McBurnie – Prentice Hall, 1998. – 98 p. 3. Ре сурсы И нт е рне т а: http://www.tourism.com http://www.russiatourism.ru http://www.encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com http://www.thebmc.co.uk/world/exped/guide_3.htm http://www.indianchimneyfarm.com/ http://www.responsibletravel.com/Home.htm http://www.theinternationalkitchen.com/cooking-tours.htm http://www.foodreference.com

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Сост ав ит е ли: к.ф.н. пр. В ы соч ина О льга В ладимиров на пр. Че рников а Св е т лана Николае в на Ре дактор: Бунина Т .Д .

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