Diseases of Poultry 12th Edition

Index

A AA. See Arizonosis AAF. See Allantoamnionic fluid AAS. See Avian adenovirus

splenomegaly Acanthocephala, 1053-54 Acaricides, 1020-21 AccI-SpecI, 187 Acetone, 215 Acinetobacter spp., 952 ACP' See Alternate complement pathway Actinobacillus spp., 952 Actinomyces spp., 952 Actinomycin D. 311 Active immunity. See also Cell-mediated inununity; Vaccination with AE, 436 with AI, 173

with aMPy, 104 with bordetellosis, 781-82 with Borrelia spp., 955 with CIA, 223 with circovirus, 243--44 with DYE, 389 with erysipelas, 915-16 with HE, 281 with infectious bronchitis, 125-26 with infectious bursal disease, 195-96 with LT, 142 withMM,838 with NO, 86 with NE, 875 with rotavirus. 346 with VEt 869 Acute respiratory disease syndrome, See Bordetellosis Acute reticuhun cell neoplasia, 568. 576, 576f Acute vaginitis. See Venereal colibacillosis Acycloguanosine, 407 Adaptive immunity, 50-54 ADCC. See Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Adenocarcinoma. 544 of bile duct, 603 of gizzard, 603. 603f HRT,332 of lung, 605, 605f of ovaries, 595-97,596f of oviduct, 600-601 of pancreas, 603, 604-5 Adenoma of crop, 603 of infra-orbital sinus, 604-5 Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), 548 Adenovirus, 251-89. See also Egg drop syndrome; Hemorrhagic enteritis; Hydropericardium syndrome; Inclusion body hepatitis; Pox; Quail bronchitis bordetellosis and, 783 in chickens, 259 CIA and, 252 in ducks, 259, 370 GD and, 887 in geese, 259 group I of, 252--62 age and, 256 antigenicity and, 255 carriers of, 256--57 CEl and, 255 chemical agents and, 255 chemical composition of, 255 chloroform and, 255 CK and, 255 classification of, 252, 253t clinical signs of, 257--60 diagnosis of. 260--61 economic significance of, 252 epidemiology of, 256--61 ether and, 255 etiology of, 252-56 growth retardation from, 259 hosts of, 256 immunity with, 260--61 incubation period of, 257

infectious bursal disease and, 256 intervention for, 261--62 laboratory hosts for, 255-56 morphology of, 253 pathobiology of, 256--61 pathogenicity of, 256 pathology of, 260 phenol and, 255 physical agents and, 255 public health significance of, 252 respiratory disease and, 259 serology with, 260--61 sodium deoxycholate and, 255 strain classification of, 255 temperature and, 255 tenosynovitis and, 259 transmission of, 256--57 trypsin and, 255 vaccination for, 261--62 virus replication of, 255 in guinea fowl, 259--60 humans and, obesity from, 252 lBH and, 227, 252 infectious bursal disease and, 252 in ostriches, 259--60 parvovirus and, 401-2 in pigeons, 259 in turkeys, 259 TYH and, 428 TVP and, 1276 Adenovirus-associated respiratory disease. See Bordetellosis Adenovirus group I, eEL and, 255 Adhesins, 696-97 Adrenal gland, 609 Advanced intercross lines (AILs), 63 Advent, 1080 AE. See Avian encephalomyelitis AEEC. See Attaching and effacing E. coli

Aegyptianella, 952-53 Aerobacter, 953 Aeromonas spp., 953 AF. See Allantoic fluid

1279

1280 • INDEX

Aflatoxin, 22, 992, 1203-8 aplastic anemia syndromes and, 227 Aspergillus spp. and, 1203 bursa of Fabricius and, 1207 AFLP. See Amplified fragment length polymorphism Agar gel diffusion precipitin (AGDP), 378 Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGIO), 144 for AI, 160, 173 for HE, 282 for HEY, 446 forUE,869 Agar gel precipitin test (AGPT), 127 for infectious bursal disease, 192 forMD,486 for QB, 289 for REV, 579 AGDP. See Agar gel diffusion precipitin Age adenovirus group I and, 256 A1S and, 928 ALVand, 528 aspergillosis and, 993 candidiasis and, 1002 chlamydiosis and, 980 CIA and, 221-22 depopulation and, 10 erysipelas and, 912 FT and, 623 GPVand, 399 HE and, 279 IC and, 794 infection and, 15 MD and, 471 MDPV and, 399 PD and, 623 TB and, 944 TVP and, 1273 UE and, 868 viral arthritis and, 313 WNV and, 422 Agglutination tests, 648. See also Hemagglutinin; Hemagglutinin inhibition; Microagglutination test; Thbe agglutination test rapid, 947 for toxoplasmosis, 1114 AGID. See Agar gel immunodiffusion AGPT. See Agar gel precipitin test Agricultural Statistics Board, 23 Agrimetrics, 23 Agristats, 23 AI. See Avian influenza

AILs. See Advanced intercross lines

Airsacculitis, 103 Acinetobacter spp. and, 952 infectious bronchitis and, 121 LPAI and, 168 MG and, 807 MM and, 834, 837 MS and, 847 RA and, 758 Air sac disease, 691 AIS. See Avian intestinal spirochetosis Aivlosin, 851 Alabama redleg, 472 Alcaligenes rhinotracheitis (ARD. See Bordetellosis Alcohol, 1245-46 Aldehydes, 159 Aleukemic lymphadenosis, 515 Algae, 1247 Alkaline sodium polyphosphate, 1213 Allantoanmionic fluid (AAF), 189--90 Allantoic fluid (AF), 120 All-in, all-out production, 10 Alpha-chymotrypsin, for EDS, 267 Alphaherpesvirus, 137,453 Alpha-naphthyl thiourea (ANTU), 1244 Alternaria spp., 1212 Alternate complement pathway (ACP), 48 Aluminum, 1236 ALV. See Avian leukosis viruses Amantadine, 174 AMDUCA. See Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act Amidostomum anseris, 1033 Ammillromums~~bm~lm4

Amino acids, 1121-23, 1236 Aminoglycoside antibiotics, 1233 Amitrate, 1242 Ammonia, 11 toxicity of, 1245 for toxoplasmosis, 1114 Ammonia bum, 1178-79 Ammonium hydroxide, 1213 Amoebotaenia cuneata, 1061 Amoxicillin, 771 Amphotericin B, 998 Ampicillin, 715 forNE,875 for ORT, 771 for RA, 759 for UE, 870 Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), 680, 695, 744, 810 forORT,766

Amprolium, 1082 aMPY. See Avian metapneumovirus AMY. See Avian myeloblastosis virus Amyloidosis, 1152-54, 1154f Anaplasma spp., 952 Anatipestifer septicemia. See Riemerella anatipestifer Anatipestifer syndrome. See Riemerella anatipestifer Anemia. See also Infectious anemia with erythroblastosis, 550 hemorrhagic-aplastic, 196, 219 Anemia-dermatitis. See Chicken infectious anemia Angiotensin II, 1166 Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA), 42 Animal Plan Health Inspection Service (APHIS),14 Anophthalmia, 1179 Anseriformes spp., 164 Anthelmintics, 1051,1235 Anthrax,891 Antibiotics for AlS, 925, 934-35 AVMAon,45 for bordetellosis, 783-84 for Borrelia spp., 955 for campylobacteriosis, 679 for Campylobacter spp., 44 for chlamydiosis, 973 for CIA, 227 into eggs, 6 for Enterococcus spp., 44, 906 for FC, 752 for GO, 888 for histomoniasis, It 00 for IC, 798 for MG, 818, 821 for MM, 840-41 for MS, 851 forNE,875-76 for ORT, 770 properties of, 43 for RA, 759, 762 resistance to, 44-45, 714-15, 770 for Salmonella spp., 44, 651 for Streptococcus spp., 903 for TCY, 335-36 toxicity with, 1233-34 for turkey torovirus, 364 in water, 42--43 WHO on, 45 Antibody-dependent cellular cytotox.icity (ADCC),49 MD and, 483

INDEX. 1281

Anticoccidials, 875-76 Antifreeze, 1246 Antifungal agents. 1213 Antigenic drift, 161 Antigenic shift, 161 Antigen-presenting cells (APC), 49 Anti-inflammatory drugs, 715 Antimicrobials, 3. See also Antibiotics for AIS, 934-35 for colibacillosis, 714-15 judicious use of, 45--46 Salmonella spp. and, 651 Antinutrients, 1236 ANTU. See Alpha-naphthyl thiourea ANY. See Avian nephritis virus Aortic rupture, 1168 copper and, 1168 APe. See Antigen-presenting cells APEC. See Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli

APHIS. See Animal Plan Health Inspection Service API 2OC, 1003 Aplastic anemia syndromes, 212 aflatoxin and, 227 CIA and, 226 APMv. See Avian paramyxovirus APMV-2. See Avian paramyxovirus type 2 APMV-3. See Avian paramyxovirus type 3

APMV-4. See Avian paramyxovirus type 4

APMV-6. See Avian paramyxovirus type 6

APMV-7. See Avian paramyxovirus type 7 AP-PCR. See Arbitrary primed PCR Apramycin, 715 Aproctella stoddart/i, 1049-50 APV See Avian pneumoviruses Arabinose, 693 Arbitrary primed PeR (AP-PCR), 810 Arbovirus, 414-22 etiology of, 414-15 laboratory hosts for, 415 Arcanobacterium spp., 952 Arcobacter spp., 953 AlS and, 933 Argas persicus. See Blue bugs Arizonosis, 665-71 antigenic structure of, 667 biochemical properties of, 666--67 blindness with, 666 chemical agents and, 667 chemotherapy for, 671

clinical signs of, 668 control of, 670--71 diagnosis of, 670 differential diagnosis for, 670 distribution of, 667 economic significance of, 666 ELISA for, 671 epizootiology of, 667-68 etiology of, 666--67 gentamicin for, 671 growth requirements of, 666 histopathology of, 669 history of, 666 hosts of, 667 incidence of, 667 lesions with, 668-70 morphology of, 666 mortality with, 668 NO and, 670 opisthotonos with, 668 paralysis with, 668 pathogenesis of, 667-68, 669-70 pathology of, 668-70 physical agents and, 667 prevention of, 670--71 public health significance of, 666 serology for, 670 tests for, 671 torticollis with, 668 transmission of, 667--68 treatment for, 671 vaccination for, 671 vitamin E and, 670 Arrhenoblastoma, of ovaries, 597-98 Arrhenoma, of ovaries, 597-98, 599f Arsanilic acid, 1235 Arsenic, 1238 ART. See Avian rhinotracheitis Arthritis. See also Viral arthritis Acinetobacter spp. and, 952 Staphylococcus spp. and, 8931, 895 Arthropod-borne-virus. See Arbovirus Arthropods, 101 J. See also Mites control of, 10 19-22 Articular gout, 1176 Ascaridia bonasae, 1036 Ascaridia columbae, 1036 Ascaridia compar, 1036-37 Ascaridia dissimi/is, 1037 Ascaridia galli, 1037-38

control of, 1051-52 Ascaridia numidae, 1038

Ascaridiasis, 874 Ascitic hepatonephritis. See Goose parvovirus Aspergillosis, 670, 989-98

age and, 993 antigenic structure of,991-92 biochemical properties of, 991 carriers of, 994 chemical agents and, 991 classification of, 990 clinical signs of, 994-95 colibacillosis and, 997 diagnosis of, 996-97 diarrhea and, 994 differential diagnosis for, 997 distribution of, 992 economic significance of, 989-90 eggs and, 994 enilconazole for, 991 epizootiology of, 992-96 etiology of, 990--92 eyes and, 996 FC and, 997 growth requirements of, 991 histopathology of, 995-96 history of, 990 hosts of, 993-94 immunity with, 996 incidence of, 992 incubation period of, 994 intervention for, 997~98 lesions of, 995 litter and, 995 LT and, 994 MABs and, 991-92 medications for, 998 morbidity with, 994-95 mortality with, 994-95 nystatin for, 998 pathogenesis of, 992-96 phenol and, 991 physical agents and, 991 public health significance of, 990 sanitation and, 997 serology for, 997 sinusitis and, 818 Staphylococcus spp. and, 997 TB and, 947 torticollis and, 994 transmission of, 994 vaccination for, 996, 998 ventilation system and, 998 virulence factors of, 992 Aspergillus spp., 29, 369 aflatoxin and, 1203 LT and, 144 Asphyxiation, Il50 Aspirin, 716 Astrocytoma, of eNS, 606, 607f Astroviridae spp., 409

1282 • INDEX

Astrovims, 351-54. See also Avian nephritis virus Campylobacter spp. and, 354 chemical agents and, 352 chlorofonn and, 352 diagnosis of, 354 distribution of, 351 ELVs and, 360 epizootiology of, 352 etiology of, 351-52 fonnaldehyde for, 352 immunity with, 353 incidence of, 351 laboratory hosts for, 352 NO and, 353 ORF with, 351 pathogenesis of, 352 PBL and, 353 physical agents and, 352 prevention of, 354 RRT-PCR for, 354 RT-PCR for, 354 Salmonella spp. and, 354 temperature and, 352 TGF.~ and, 353 treatment of, 354 Atabrine. See Quinacrine HCL Atebrin, 1110 Ateriveridae spp., 118 Atherosclerosis, 1170 All. See A-type inclusion ATPase. See Adenosine triphosphatase Attaching and effacing E. coli (AEEC),

698 diarrhea with, 705 A-type inclusion (All), 293 Atypische Geflugelpest. See Newcastle disease AulQnocephalus lindquisti, 1045--46 Aviadenqvirus spp., 251, 252, 370 Avian adenovirus splenomegaly (AAS),

276 clinical signs of, 279 Avian arizonosis (AA). See Arizonosis Avian cellulitis. See Colifonn cellulitis Avian chlamydiosis. See Cblamydiosis Avian diphtheria. See Pox Avian Disease Manual, 33 Avian Diseases, 3, 33 Avian distemper. See Newcastle disease Avian encephalomyelitis (AE), 6,

430-38, 435f active inununity with, 436 chemical agents and, 431 chemical composition of, 430---31 chloroform and, 431

classification of, 430 clinical signs of, 433 ePE for, 431 diagnosis of, 436-37 differential diagnosis for, 437 distribution of, 431 DNase and, 431 ELISA for, 431, 437 EM for, 430 epizootiology of, 431 etiology of, 430-36 FA for, 437 hepatic lipidosis and, 1175 hepatitis A and, 431 history of, 430 hosts of, 431 immunity with, 436 immunodiffusion for, 431 incidence of, 431 incubation period for, 431 intervention for, 437-38 laboratory hosts for, 431 lesions with, 433-35 live vaccination for, 438 MD and, 437 morbidity with, 433-34 morphology of, 430 mortality with, 433-34 ND and, 437 passive immunity with, 436 pathobiology of, 431 pathogenesis of,435-36 pathology of, 433-35 physical agents and, 431 RT·PCR for, 430 serology for, 437 strain classification of, 431 temperature and, 431 transmission of, 431 trypsin and, 431 vaccination for, 6, 437-38 Van Roekel type of, 431, 43lf wing web vaccination for, 438 Avian enterovirus-like viruses (ELVs),

356-60, 357f Avian Hematology and Cytology, 33 ArianH~ropaffloWgy,33

Avian infectious bronchitis. See Infectious bronchitis Avian influenza (AI), 3,153-74. See also High pathogenicity avian influenza; Low pathogenicity avian influenza active immunity with, 173 AGIO for, 160, 173 amantadine for, 174

aMPV and, 106 biosecurity for, 164, 172 carriers of, 165--66 chemical agents and, 159-60 chemical composition of, 158 chlamydiosis and, 982 clinical signs of, 167--68 eMI with, 161 composting for, 172 dead birds and, 172-73 depopulation for, 172-73 DH type 1 and, 378 diagnosis of, 170-71, 172 differential diagnosis for, 171 disinfectants for, 159 in ducks, 164 E. coli and, 168 economic significance of, 153-54 ELISA for, 160, 171, 173 epizootiology of, 164-70 etiology of, 158 fonnaldehyde for, 159 HA and, 162-03 HE and, 282 HI for, 171, 173 history of, 156-58 hosts of, 162, 165 HP and, 153 in humans, 154-55 immunity and, 169-70 inactivated vaccination for, 173 incineration and, 173 incubation period of, ] 66--67 intervention for, 171-74 lesions with, 168 morbidity with, 167--68 morphology of, 158 mortality with, 167--68 nucleoprotein and, 170 passive inununity with, 173 pasteurization for, 160 pathobiology of, 164-70 pathogenesis of, 162--64, 169 pathology of, 168-69 physical agents and, 159-60 proteins in, 159t public health significance of,

154-56 Quats for, 159 rendering and, 173 reporting of, 32 RRT-PCR for, 173 RT·PCR for, 170 serology for, 171 sinusitis and, 818 strain classification of, 160-62

INDEX. 1283

surveillance of, 172 Terrestrial Animal Health Code on, 161-62 transmission of, 165-66 vaccination for, 173-74 virus replication with. 158-59 in waterfowl, 368 wild birds and, 155-56, 166 Avian intestinal spirochetosis (AIS), 922-35 age and, 928 antibiotics for, 925, 934-35 antimicrobials for, 934-35 Arr:obacter spp. and., 933 bacitracin for, 934 biochemical properties of, 925 biosecurity for, 934 carriers of, 928 chemical agents and, 925 classification of. 924 clinical signs of, 929-32 Clostridium spp. and, 933 colistin for, 925 CTC for, 934 diagnosis of, 932-34 diarrhea with. 922 diet and., 928-29 differential diagnosis for, 933 disinfectants for, 925 distribution of, 927 E. coli and., 926 economic significance of, 923 EEE and, 932-33 epizootiology of, 927-32 erythromycin for, 934 etiology of, 924-26 FA for, 927 feces and, 924 growth requirements of, 924-25 Helicobacter spp. and, 933 history of, 923-24 hosts of. 927 humans and, 923 humoral immunity with, 932 IFA for, 932 immunity with, 932 incidence of, 927 incubation period, 928 intervention for, 934-35 lincomycin for, 934 MABs and., 932 MLEE for, 927, 933 morphology of, 924 neomycin for, 934 oxytetracycline for, 934 pathobiology of, 927-32

pathology of, 929-32 patholypeS of, 924 PCR for, 927, 932, 933 penicillin for, 934 PFGE for. 928 physical agents and, 925 prevalence of, 927 public health significance of, 923 Salmonella spp. and, 933 serology for. 933 spectinomycin for, 925 Spirillum spp. and, 933 streptomycin for. 934 tiamulin for, 934 transmission of, 928 tylosin for, 934 vaccination for, 934 vancomycin for, 925 virulence factors of, 926-27 Avian keratoacanthoma. See Squamous cell carcinoma Avian leukosis/sarcoma viruses (ALSV). See Leukosis/sarcoma Avian leukosis viruses (ALV), 60, 449, 514-53 age and, 528 breeder flock and, 552 CEF for, 546 CPE of, 525 diagnosis of, 545-51 distribution of, 528-29 economic significance of. 514-15 ELISA for, 522, 546 epidemiology of, 528-45 eradication of, 551-52 genetic resistance with, 65--66, 544-45,552-53 humans and., 515 immunity with, 544-45 incidence of, 528-29 intervention for, 551-53 MD and, 487 passive immunity with, 544 pathobiology of, 528-45 pathogenesis of, 533-34 pathogenicity of, 525-28 PCR for, 546 prevention of, 551-53 public health significance of, 515 RSV and, 523t RT-PCR for, 546 temperature and, 546 ultraviolet radiation and., 523 vaccination for, 551 Avian malaria, 113-14 mosquitos and, 1108

Avian malignant edema. See Gangrenous dermatitis Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), 100-106,367-68 active immunity with, 104 Al and, 106 chemical composition of, 101 clinical signs of, 103 diagnosis of, 104-5 differential diagnosis for, 106 disinfectants for, 101 economic significance of, 100 ELISA for, 102, 104, 105 etiology of. 101 guinea fowl and, 102 history of, 100-101 hosts for, 102-3 humoral immunity with, 104 IF for, 104, 105 inununity with, 104 infectious bronchitis and., 105 intervention with, 106 IP for, 105 lesions with, 103-4 MABs and, 102 morphology of, 101 ND and, 102, 106 passive immunity with, 104 pathogenicity of, 102 pathology of, 103-4 pheasants and, 102 RT-PCR for, 368 serology for, 105--6 strain classification of. 102 subtypes of. 101 transmission of, 103 vaccination for, 106 virus replication in, 101 Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMY), 51Sf chemical composition of. 517-19 vaccination for, 525 Avian nephritis virus (ANV), 351, 409-12,411f in chickens, 411 chloroform and, 410 CK and, 409 classification of, 409-10 diagnosis of, 411-12 diarrhea with. 410-11 differential diagnosis for, 412 distribution of, 409 ELISA for, 412 epizootiology of, 312-13 ether and, 410 etiology of, 409-10 histopathology of, 411

1284 • INDEX

Avian nephritis virus (ANV) (continued) IF for, 412 incidence of, 409 infectious bronchitis and, 412 laboratory hosts for, 312 lesions with, 411 morphology of, 409-10 pathogenesis of, 312-13 pathogenicity of, 312 prevention of, 412 serology for, 412 SPF and, 409 temperature and, 410 treatment for, 412 trypsin and, 410 Avian paramyxovirus (APMV), 110-13, 171. See also Pigeon paramyxovirus type I diagnosis of, 113 differential diagnosis for, 113 etiology of, 111-12 hosts of, 112 incubation period of, 112 intervention with, 113 spread of, 112 strain classification of, 111-12 vaccination for, 245 in waterfowl, 367 Avianparamyxovirus type I (APMV-I). See Newcastle disease Avian paramyxovirus type 2 (APMV-2) clinical signs of, 112 distribution of, 112 HN and, III MABs and, 111 wild birds and, 110 Avian paramyxovirus type 3 (APMY-3), 110 clinical signs of, 112 distribution of, 112 economic significance of, 110 MABs and, III vaccination for, 113 Avian paramyxovirus type 4 (APMV-4), HN and, III Avian paramyxovirus type 6 (APMV-6), 113

Avian paramyxovirus type 7 (APMV-7), 112

clinical signs of, 113 Avian pasteurellosis. See Fowl cholera Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC),691

virulence of, 700 Avian Pathology, 3 Avian pest. See Newcastle disease

Avian pneumoencephalitis. See Newcastle disease Avian pneumoviruses (APV), 171,818 Avian rhinotracheitis (ARn, 100 Aviation enterovirus-like viruses (ELVs) astrovirus and, 360 carriers of, 358 chemical agents and, 357 chemical composition of, 356 classification of, 356 clinical signs of, 358-59 coronavirus and, 360 diagnosis of, 359--60 diarrhea with, 358-59 differential diagnosis for, 359--60 distribution of, 358 EM for, 358 epizootiology of, 358-60 etiology of, 356-58 hosts of, 358 IF for, 357 inununity with, 359 incidence of, 358 intervention for, 360 IP for, 357 laboratory hosts for, 357 morphology of, 356 pathobiology of, 358-60 pathogenesis of, 359 pathogenicity of, 358 pathology of, 359 physical agents and, 357 rotavirus and, 360 serology for, 359 strain classification of, 357 transmission of, 358 virus replication of, 356-57 Avibacterium paragallinarum, 789

Avicides, 1245 Avidin-biotin enhanced dotinununobinding assay, 838 Avioserpens taiwana, 1050 Avitrol, 1245 Avocado, 1247

B Baby grivet monkey kidney cells (BGM70), 190, 197

Baby hamster kidney (BHK), 296, 419 Bacillary white diarrhea. See Pullorum disease Bacillemia, 946 Bacillus gallinarum, 620 Bacillus spp., 953 Bacitracin, 715 for AIS, 934

for botulism, 883 for NE, 875-76 for RA, 759 for UE. 870 Backcross (BC) progeny, 61 Bacterial endocarditis. See Endocarditis Bacteriocin-based therapy, 681 Bacterium coli commune. See Escherichia coli Bacteroides spp., 953 BALT. See Bronchial-associated

lymphoid tissue Basal cell carcinoma, 61 I Be. See Backcross progeny BCY. See Bovine coronavirus Beach's form, ofND, 75 Beak necrosis, 961 Beak trimming, 3 cannibalism and, 9 neuroma and, 607 BEAs. See Boiled extract antigens Beaudette's form, ofND, 75 Bed bugs, 1019 Beetles, 1014--15 suppression of, 1015-16 Bentonite clay, 1213 Benzalkonium chloride, 743 Benzimidazole, 1097, 1100, 1235 Beta-aminopropionitrile, 1168 Beta-glucan, 682, 716 Beta-propiolactone (BPL), 119, 159,743 BFPyV: See Budgerigar fledgling polyomavirus BGM-70. See Baby grivet monkey kidney cells BHK. See Baby hamster kidney BH-RSY. See Bryan's high-titer strain of Rous sarcoma virus Bichloride of mercury, 910 Big-Liver-and-Spleen Disease (BLS). See Hepatitis E virus Big spleen Marek's disease. See Multicentric histiocytosis Binaryethyleneimine, 159, 160 Binding agents, 1213-14 Biosecurity, 14, 90. See also Quarantine; Sanitation for AI, 164, 172 for AlS, 934 for campylobacteriosis, 681 forMD,490 for MG, 818 for viral arthritis, 318 Biosecurity for the Birds (DVD), 14 Biotin, 1134-35 Biotoxins,1247

INDEX. 1285

BioVet, 1080 Bird grippe. See High pathogenicity avian influenza Birdproofing, 11 Bimaviruses, 185 Bisphenols, 28 Black dump fly, 1014 Blackhead. See Histomoniasis Black locust, 1247 Bladder pod, 1247 Blepharoconjunctivitis, 1179--80 Blindness with arizonosis, 666 withMD,470 Blood samples, 34-35 Blue bugs (Argas persicus), 34, 1017 Bluecomb disease. See Turkey coronavirus enteritis Bluestone. See Copper sulfate Blue wing disease, 895 GD and, 885 BMEC. See Brain microvascular endothelial cells Boiled extract antigens (BEAs), 766 Bollinger bodies, 291 Bone fractures, 1159 Bone marrow CIA and, 219, 220f GoCV and, 244 TB in, 945f Bordete//a avium, 100 Bordetella avium rhinotracheitis (BART). See Bordetellosis BordetelJosis, 100, 774-84 active immunity with, 781-82 adenovirus and, 783 antibiotics and, 783-84 antigenicity of, 777 antigenic structure of, 776 biochemical properties of, 775 carriers of, 779 CH 20 for, 783 chemical agents and, 776 chlamydiosis and, 783 classification of, 775 clinical signs of, 779 diagnosis of, 782-83 differential diagnosis for, 783 disinfectants for, 776, 783 E. coli and, 783 economic significance of, 774 ELISA for, 778, 782-83 epizootiology of, 778-82 etiology of, 775-78 growth requirements of, 775

history of, 774-75

hosts of, 778-79 inununity with, 781-82 incubation period of, 779 infectious bursal disease and, 774 intervention for, 783--84 lesions with, 779-81 live vaccination for, 783 maternal immunity with, 782 morbidity with, 779 morphology of, 775 mortality with, 779 ND and, 783 oxytetracycline for, 784 passive immunity with, 782 pathobiology of, 778-82 pathogenesis of, 781 pathogenicity of, 777 pathology of, 779-81 physical agents and, 776 public health significance of, 774 serology for, 782-83 strain classification of, 777 streptomycin and, 776 sulfonamides and, 776 temperature and, 776 tetracycline and, 776 transmission of, 779 treatment for, 783--84 vaccination for, 783 virulence factors with, 777-78 Boric acid, 1241 Borrel bodies, 291, 298 Borrelia spp., 954-55 active immunity with, 955 antibiotics for, 955 chloramphenicol for, 955 kanamycin for, 955 penicillin for, 955 streptomycin for, 955 tetracycline for, 955 tylosin for, 955 Botulism, 865, 879-83 bacitracin for, 883 cefoxitin for, 883 cephalothin for, 883 chloramphenicol for, 883 clindamycin for, 883 clinical signs of, 881-82 cyclophosphamide for, 882 diagnosis of, 882-83 distribution of, 880 ELISA for, 882 epizootiology of, 881-82 erythromycin for, 883 etiology of, 880-81 history of, 880

hosts of, 881 humans and, 880 immunity with, 882 incidence of, 880 incubation period of, 881 MD and, 883 metronidazole for, 883 morbidity with, 882 morphology of, 880 mortality with, 882 paralysis with, 865, 883 pathogenesis of, 881-82 pathology of, 882 penicillin for, 883 prevention of, 883 rifampicin for, 883 tetracycline for, 883 transmission of, 881 treatment for, 883 vaccination for, 883 vancomycin for, 883 vitamin A for, 883 vitamin D for, 883 vitamin E for, 883 Bouba aviaria. See Pox Bovine Burdizzo castration forceps, 35 Bovine coronavirus (BCV), 330 BPL. See Beta-propiolactone Brachyspira spp. See Avian intestinal spirochetosis Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC),699 Breast blisters, 11-12 with MS, 850 Breast bum, 887 Breeder codes, 8 Breeder flock, 5-7 ALVand, 552 bordetellosis and, vaccination for, 783 with capillaria worms, 6 hatching eggs and, management of, 7-11 as infection source, 15-16 infectious bronchitis and, 123 interior egg-borne diseases in, 6 LT and, vaccination for, 146 management of, 5-7 nutrition for, 5--6 obesity in, 5 ORT in, 768 slaughter of, 6 testing of, 6 vaccination for, 6, 318 Breeder house, design of, 7 Brittle bone. See Malabsorption syndrome Brodifacoum, 1244-45

1286 • INDEX

Broiler chickens AAS in, 276 CIA and, 211, 324 vaccination and, 227 MD in, 453, 472 ORTm,767 proventricular dilation in, 1272-76 proventriculitis in, 1272-76 rotavirus in, 344 SDS in, 1167-68 vaccination of, 130 foreIA,227 for LT, 146 Bromo-deoxyuridine (BUOR), 522 Bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT),48 Bronchomycosis. See Aspergillosis Brooder temperature, 13-14 Brocella abortus, 196 Brunswick disease. See High pathogenicity avian influenza Bryan's high-titer strain of Rous sarcoma virus (BH-RSY), 520-21, 525 CEF for, 547 Budgerigar fledgling polyomavirus (BFPyV), 393 BUOR. See Bromo-deoxyuridine Buildings cages in, 11-12 construction of, 11-13 design of, 4 entrances to, II floors of, 11-12 sanitation in, 25 wild birds and, 11 Bumblefoot, Staphylococcus spp. and, 893t, 895 Buphthalmia, 1179 Buphthalmos, in turkeys, 1179 Bursa of Fabricius, 48, 48f, 191, 533f aflatoxin and, 1207 CIA and, 220 DYE and, 389 GoCY and, 244 QB and, 288 ruuting disease syndrome and, 574 Staphylococcus spp. and, 894 Bursectomization, LT and, 142 Butynorate, 1064, 1082 for hexamitiasis, 1104 BVOy' See Psittacine beak and feather disease virus

C Cacao, 1247

CaCy' See Canary circovirus

CadF. See Campylobacler adhesion to fibronectin Cadmium, 1238 Cage rearing facility, 6 Cages, 12f in buildings, 11-12 Calcium, 1136-37 CTC and, 983 eggshells and, 6 toxicity from, 1236 Calcium hypochlorite, 28 Calcium oxide, 28 Caliciviridae spp., 441 CALT. See Conjunctival-associated lymphoid tissue CAM. See Chorioallantoic membrane Cambendazole, 1052, 1053, 1235 Campylobacter spp. AIS and, 933 antibiotics and, 44 astrovirus and, 354 HEVand, 441 necropsy and, 38 Campylobaeter adhesion to fibronectin (CadF),679 Campylobacter invasion antigen B (CiaB),679 Campylobacteriosis, 675-82 antibiotics for, 679 biosecurity for, 681 carriers of, 676-78 CE with, 681 clinical signs of, 678 diagnosis of, 679-80 diarrhea and, 678, 680 drinking water and, 676 ELISA for, 680 epizootiology of, 675-79 etiology of, 675 feed and, 682 humans and, 680-81 immunity with, 679 incubation period of, 678 insects and, 676-77 lesions with, 678 pathobiology of, 675-79 pathogenesis of, 678-79 pathology of, 678 PCR for, 680 public health significance of, 680-81 rodents and, 677 temperature and, 675 transmission of, 676-78 vaccination for, 681 in wild birds, 677

Canaries, pox vaccination for, 30I Canary circovirus (CaCV), 236, 238 Candidiasis, 1001-4 age and, 1002 clinical signs of, 1002 copper sulfate for, 1003 CTC for, 1004 diagnosis of, 1003 distribution of, 1002 eggs and, 1003 epizootiology of, 1002-3 etiology of, 1002 history of, 1001-2 incidence of, 1002 lesions of, 1002-3 nystatin for, 1003-4 pathogenesis of, 1002-3 sanitation and, 1003 treatment of, 1003-4 vitamin A and, 1004 Candling, IB and, 120 Canker, 1100 Cannibalism, 1149-50 beak trimming and, 9 TB and, 944 Capillaria anatis, 1041 Capillaria spp., breeder hens with, 6 Capillaria bursata. 1040 Capillaria eaudinfJata. 1040 Capillaria contorta, 1028-29 Capillaria obsignata, 1038--40 control of, 1052 Captan, 1242 Carbadox, 934 Carbamate insecticides, 1243-44 Carbarsone. See p-Ureidobenzeneacsonic acid Carbaryl, 1244 Carbofuran, 1244 Carbohydrate assimilation panels, 1003 Carbohydrares, 1123 Carbolic acid. See Phenol Carbolinium, 31 toxicity with, 1242 Carbon dioxide erysipelas and, 910 IC and, 790 for killing birds, 35 Mycoplasma iowae and, 856 toxicity of, 1245 Carbon monoxide, 1245 Carbon tetrachloride, 1246 Carb-o-scp. See p-Ureidobenzenearsonic acid Carbowax, 142 Carolina jessamine, 1247

INDEX. 1287

Cartilaginous nodules, of lungs, 1170, 1l7lf CAS. See Chorioallantoic sac Cassava, 1247 Castor bean, 1247 CAstY. See Chicken astroVITuS CAT. See Cefoperazone amphotericin teicoplanin Cataracts, 1179 CAY. See Chicken anemia virus CCP. See Classical complement pathway CEo See Competitive exclusion Cecal tonsil, 193, 194 CEE See Chicken embryo fibroblasts Cefoperazone, 679 Cefoperazone amphotericin teicoplanin (CA"D,679

Cefoperazone vancomycin amphotericin (CVA),679

Cefoxitin, 883 Ceftiofur,759, 1207 CEK. See Chicken embryo kidney CEL. See Chicken embryo liver Cell-mediated immunity (CMI), 50-51 withAl,161 with GPY, 400 with HE, 281 with HEY, 445 with infectious bursal disease, 196 with LT, 142 with MD, 479, 480-81, 483-84 with MDPY, 400 with MG, 816 ochratoxins and, 1209 with PHYI, 407 with RA, 761 with viral arthritis, 316 Cellulitis, 691, 704 CELD. See Chicken embryo lethal orphan Central nervous system (CNS) astrocytoma of, 606, 607f MD and, 4671, 477 pineal body tumor of, 606-7 Cephalothin, 883 Cervical dislocation, killing birds with, 35

Cesium chloride (CsCI), 253 Cestodes, 1056-64 in chickens, 1059--62 classification of, 1058-59 control of, 1064 diagnosis of, 1059 distribution of, 1058 in ducks, 1063-64 in geese, 1063--64

history of, 1058 incidence of, 1058 morphology of, 1058-59 treatment for, 1064 in turkeys, 1062-63 CE See Complement-fixation test CH2Q. See Fonnaldehyde Chandlerella quiscali, 1051 Charadriformes spp., 164 Charcoal,1214 Cheilospirura hamulosa, 1034-35 Cheilospirura spinosa, 1035-36 Chemotherapy for arizonosis, 671 for histomoniasis, 1100 for PHVI, 407 Chicken(s). See also Broiler chickens adenovirus in, 259 ANY in,411 cestodesin, 1059-62 chlamydiosis in, 979 coccidiosis in, 1070-80 cryptosporidiosis in, 1087-88 EDS in, 268--69 EEE in, 416 IT in, 625 GD in, 885 HEV and, 444 IC and, 793-94 infectious bronchitis and, 121 infectious bursal disease in, 189, 1262 LL in, 532 US in, 529 MD in, 452, 464 MG and, 813, 814 MS in, 848 ND and, 79-80 NE and, 872 nematodes and, 1026t PO in, 625 proventricular dilation in, 1272 reovirus in, 323 SHS in, 103 Streptococcus spp. in, 900 UE in, 868 WNV in, 420-21 Chicken anemia agent (CAA). See Chicken anemia virus Chicken anemia virus (CAV), 196,21 I, 236

virus replication of, 237 Chicken astrovirus (CAstV), 351, 352 Chicken bursal lymphoma, 574-75, 575f Chicken edema disease, 1246 Chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), 66, 162,463

for ALY, 546 for BH-RSY, 547 infectious bursal disease and, 187, 197 IT and, 419 for MD, 481, 485 multicentric histiocytosis and, 592 forRSV, 547 Chicken embryo kidney (CEK), 139 Chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO), 251,252

QB and, 287 vaccination with, 261--62 Chicken embryo liver (CEL), 139 adenovirus group I and, 255 Chicken genome, 63--64 Chicken infectious anemia (CIA), 209-27. See also Blue wing disease active immunity with, 223 adenovirus and, 252 age and, 221-22 antibiotics for, 227 aplastic anemia syndromes and, 226 attenuation of, 216-17 bone marrow and, 219, 220f broiler chickens and, 211, 324 bursa of Fabricius and, 220 chemical agents and, 215 chemical composition of, 212-13 chlorofonn for, 215 clinical signs of, 218-19 coccidiosis and, 224 CPE with, 212 CTL and, 211 diagnosis of, 224-27 differential diagnosis for, 226-27 disinfectants for, 215 distribution of, 217 DNA probes for, 224-25 economic significance of, 211 ELISA for, 226 EM of, 213f, 225 epidemiology and, 217-24 etiology of, 212-17 formaldehyde for, 215 hematology of, 218-19 hemorrhagic-aplastic anemia and, 219 history of, 212 hosts of, 217 hypochlorites for, 215 IBH and, 219 IFA for, 225-26 IF for, 225 immunity with, 222-23 immunosuppression with, 223-24 inactivated vaccination for, 227 incidence of, 217

1288 • INDEX

Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) (continued)

inclusion body hepatitis and, 212 incubation period of, 218 infectious bronchitis and, 223 infectious bursaJ disease and, 219, 226-27 intervention for, 227 iodine for, 215 IP for, 225 laboratory hosts of, 217 lesions with, 219 maternal immunity with, 223 MD and, 224, 462, 472, 484 morbidity with, 219 morphology of, 212 mortaJity with, 219 ND vaccination and, 224 passive immunity with, 223 pathobiology of, 217-24 pathogenesis of, 220-23 pathogenicity of, 216 pathology of, 219-20 PCR for, 215, 224 phenol for, 215 physical agents and, 215 public health significance of, 211-12 RT-PCR for, 213 Salmonella spp. and, 223 serology for, 225-26 SPF and, 211, 218 Staphylococcus spp. and, 894 strain classification of, 215-17 from sulfonamides, 1232 thymus and, 220-21, 226 transmission of, 218 vaccination for, 227 virus replication with, 213-15 VN for, 226 Chicken kidney (CK), 139,463. See also Chicken embryo kidney adenovirus group I and, 255 ANY and, 409 for MD, 485 Chicken mites, 1016-17 Chicken nonbursal lymphoma, 575, 575f Chickens, colifonn cellulitis and, 734-35 Chick sexers, 8-9 Chick syncytial virus, 568 Chiggers, 1018 Chilling, 4 Chlamydia psittaci, 378

Chlamydiosis, 971-83 age and, 980 AI and, 982 antibiotics for, 973

antigenic structure of, 973-74 biochemical properties of, 973 bordetellosis and, 783 carriers of, 977-78 chemical agents and, 973 in chickens, 979 chloramphenicol for, 973 classification of, 972 clinical signs of, 978-80 colibacillosis and, 982 CTC for, 983 developmental cycle of, 975-76 diagnosis of, 980-82 differential diagnosis for, 982 distribution of, 976-77 in ducks, 979 E. coli and, 974 ELISA for, 981 epizootiology of, 976-80 erythromycin for, 973 etiology of, 972-76 in geese, 979 history of, 971-72 hosts of, 977 humans and, 32, 971 IF for, 981 immunity with, 980 incidence of, 976-77 incubation period of, 978-80 insects and, 977-78 intervention for, 982~83 kanamycin for, 973 LPAI and, 171 MABs with, 981 morbidity with, 978-80 morphology of, 972 mortality with, 978-80 Neisseria spp. and, 974 Pasteurella spp. and, 982 pathobiology of, 976-80 pathogenesis of, 978-80 pathogenicity of, 975 pathology of, 978-80 PCR for, 982 penicillin for, 973 in pheasants, 980 physical agents and, 973 in pigeons, 979, 983 public health significance of, 971 in quail, 980 regulations with, 983 reporting of, 32 Salmonella spp. and, 983 serology for, 982 sinusitis and, 818 strain classification of, 974-75

tetracycline for, 973 transmission of, 977-78 treatment for, 983 in turkeys, 983 vaccination for, 983 Chlamydophila psittaci, 102 Chloramine, 188 Chloramphenicol,752-53 for Borrelia spp., 955 for botulism, 883 for chlamydiosis, 973 for RA, 759 for zygomycosis, 1007 Chlorates, 1242 Chlordane, 1243 Chlorhexidine, 694 Chloride, 1138 Chlorinated lime, 28 Chlorine, 13 toxicity with, 1242 Chlorine dioxide, 694 2-chloro-4 acetololuidine (CAT), 1245 Chlorofonn, 138 adenovirus group I and, 255 AE and, 431 ANV and, 410 astrovirus and, 352 for CIA, 215 circovirus and, 238 DVE and, 385 EDS and, 268 for HE, 278 rotavirus and, 340 TVH and, 426 UE and, 868 viral arthritis and, 311 Chlortetracycline (CfC) for AlS, 934 calcium and, 983 for candidiasis, 1004 for chlamydiosis, 983 for EnterococcUY spp., 906 forGD,888 for MG. 821 for MS, 851 penicillin and, 44 for Streptococcus spp., 903 forUE,870 Choanotaenia i'!fundibulum, 1061 Cholangiocellular tumor, 604 Cholera. See Fowl cholera Cholesterol, Mycoplasma iowae and, 856-57 Choline, 1135-36 for hepatic lipidosis, 1175

INDEX. 1289

Chondroma, 540, 613 Chooobydmte (CMC), 868 Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), 39-40, 138 HNEG and, 394 infectious bursal disease and, 189, 197 LT and, 142 MD and, 464 Mycop/asma iowae and, 858 pox and, 293 viral arthritis and, 312 Chorioallantoic sac (CAS), 162 Chorioretinitis, in turkeys, 1179 Chromium, 1238 Chronic neoplasia., 568, 573 LL and, 579 MD and, 579-110 Chronic respiratory disease (CRD), 691. See also Mycoplasma gallisepticum coJibacillosis and, 707 Chymotrypsin, 362 DYE and, 385 CIA. See Chicken infectious anemia CiaB. See Campy/obaeter invasion antigen B Cinnamaldehyde, 991 Circodnaviridae spp., 236 Circovirdae spp., 209, 212, 236 Circovirus, 209-45. See also Canary circovirus; Chicken anemia virus; Goose circovirus; Pigeon circovirus; Porcine circovirus; Psittacine beak and feather disease virus active immunity with, 243-44 carriers of, 240 chemical agents and, 237-38 chemical composition of, 237 chloroform and, 238 classification of, 237 clinical signs of, 240-41 diagnosis of, 244--45 differential diagnosis for, 244-45 disinfectants and, 238 distribution of, 239 economic significance of, 236 EM for, 244 epidemiology of, 239-44 etiology of, 237-39 formaldehyde and, 238 fonnic acid and, 238 genetics and, 238-39 glutaraldehyde and, 238 glyoxylic acid and, 238 HA for, 244

HI for, 244 history of, 236-37 hosts of, 239-40 humans and, 236 immunity with, 243-44 inununogenicity with, 238 incidence of, 239 incubation period of, 240 intervention for, 245 lesions with, 241-43 morbidity with, 240-41 morphology of, 237 mortality with, 240-41 ORF with, 238 passive immunity with, 244 pathobiology of, 239-44 pathogenesis of, 243 pathogenicity of, 239 pathology of, 241-43 physical agents and, 237-38 public health significance of, 236 serology for, 244 strain classification of, 23S-39 temperature and, 238 transmission of, 240 vaccination for, 245 virus replication of, 237 Citric acid, 694 fo' GO, 888 Citrinin, 1209-10 CUrobacter spp., 955 CK. See Chicken kidney Classical complement pathway (CCP), 48 Clindamycin, 883 Clinical mycoplasmosis, 4 Clinical salmonellosis, 4 Cloacal bursa, 193, 193f, 194f Cloacal prolapse, 1172-73 Clopidol, 1080 Clostridial diseases, 865-88. See also Botulism; Gangrenous dermatitis; Necrotic enteritis; Ulcerative enteritis depopulation and, 10 Clostridial enteritis. See Necrotic enteritis Clostridium spp., 865 AIS and, 933 Clostridium peifringens-associated hepatitis (CPH), 865 CMC. See Chopped Meat Carbohydrate CMI. See Cell-mediated irrununity eNS. See Central nervous system Cobalamin. See Vitamin Bt2 Cobalt, 1236

Coccidiosis, 4, 17,68,1068-88 in chickens, 1070-80 controlof,IOn-80 diagnosis of, 1070, 1076-17 distribution of, 1070 epidemiology of, 1075-76 etiology of, 1070 hosts of, 1075 incidence of, 1070 transmission of, 1075-76 CIA and, 224 classification of, 1068-69 disinfectants for, 1080 drug resistance with, 1079 drugs for, 12, 14, 1079-80 in ducks, 1083--84 DVE and, 390

in geese, 1083 genetic resistance to, 68 infectious bursal disease and, 197, 1069 life cycle of, 1069 MADs for, 1080 MD and, 472,1069 MHC and, 68

NE and, 1069 necropsy and, 38 ochratoxins and, 1209 in pigeons, 1084 sanitation for, 1080 in turkeys, 1080-83 UE and, 868, 869 vaccination for, 875, 1080 Coccivac, 1080 Coch/osoma anaris, 1091-94 classification of, 1091-93 clinical signs of, 1093-94 epizootiology of, 1093-94 etiology of, 1091-93 hosts of, 1093 incubation period of, 1092-93 life cycle of, 1092-93 morphology of, 1091-92 pathogenesis of, 1093-94 pathogenicity of, 1093-94 prevention of, 1094 transmission of, 1092-93 treatment for, 1094 Cockfighting, 16 NO and, 84 COCV See Colombid circovirus Codiostomum struthionis, 1046 Coenonia spp., 955 COFAL. See Complement-fIXation test for avian leukosis viruses Coff.. senna, 1247-48

1290 • INDEX

Colibacillosis, 691-716 antimicrobials for, 714--15 aspergillosis and, 997 biochemical properties of, 693 carriers of, 702-3 chemical agents and, 694 chlamydiosis and, 982 clinical signs of, 703 CRD and, 707 diagnosis of, 712 differential diagnosis for, 712 distribution of, 700-701 economic significance of, 691 epizootiology of, 700-712 etiology of, 692-700 FQ for, 715 genetic resistance to, 68 gentamicin for, 715 HE and, 283 history of, 692 hosts of, 701-2 inactivated vaccination for, 713 incidence of, 700-701 infectious bronchitis and, 702, 707 infectious bW'Sai disease and, 196 insects and, 703 intervention for, 712-13 live vaccination for, 713 morbidity with, 703 morphology of, 693 mortality with, 703 mutant vaccination for, 714 NO and, 707 ochratoxins and, 1209 passive immunity and, 714 pathobio1ogy of, 700--712 pathogenesis of, 711-12 pathology, 703-11 physical agents and, 694 public health significance of, 691 recombinant vaccination for, 714 streptomycin for, 715 transmission of, 702-3 treatment for, 714--16 vaccination for, 713-14 virulence factors of, 696-700 Coliform cellulitis, 732-36 chickens and, 734--35 diagnosis of, 735 E. coli and, 732-33 epidemiology of, 733-34 etiology of, 732-33 feathering and, 733-34 feed and, 734 hosts of, 734--35 lesions with, 735

litter and, 734 MHC and, 733 pathobiology of, 734--35 pathogenesis of,735 pathology of, 735 prevention of, 735-36 risk factors for, 733-34 temperature and, 734 treatment for, 735-36

VVD and, 735 Colifonns. See also Colibacillosis as egg-borne disease, 17 Coligranuloma, 691, 710, 7lOf Colisepticemia, 691, 707 enteric-origin, 708 layer, 708 neonatal, 708 respiratory-origin, 707-8 Colistin, 679 for AIS, 924 Colombid circovirus (CoCV), 238 Color Atlas ojDiseases ofthe Domestic Fowl and Turkey, 33 Combs

MD and, 472 MS and, 850 removal of, 9 Competitive exclusion (CE), 649-50, 651 with campylobacteriosis, 681 with NE, 875 Complement-fixation test (CF), 868 for sarcocystosis, 1112 Complement·fixation test for avian leukosis viruses (COFAL), 522, 546 Composting for AI, 172 of dead birds, 25 Compound 1080. See Sodium monofluroacetate Conjunctival-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT),48 Conjunctivitis, 155 blepharoconjunctivitis, 1179-80 with DVE, 387 with IC, 795f keratoconjunctivitis, 11 with LPAI, 168 MG and, 813 Staphylococcus spp. and, 90 1 Streptococcus spp. and, 901 Contact dermatitis, 1181 Contagious epithelioma. See Pox Copper, 1140, 1155 aortic rupture and, 1168 toxicity from, 1236-37

Copper sulfate (Bluestone), 29-30,1213 for candidiasis, 1003 for GO, 888 TVP and, 1276 Com, 1168 Com cockle, 1248 Corneal ectasia, 1179 Corneal edema, 1179 Coronaviridae spp., 118,330 Coronavirus, 122 ELY, and, 360 Corporation farming, 4--5 TB and, 941 Corticosteroid, 387 Corynebacterium spp., 952, 955 Coryza. See Infectious coryza Cotton seed meal, 1248 Coxiella spp., 974 Coyotillo, 1248 CPA. See Cydopiazonic acid CPE. See Cytopathic effects CPH. See Clostridium peifringensassociated hepatitis CRD. See Chronic respiratory disease Creosote, toxicity with, 1242 Cresol,27-28 for erysipelas, 910 for LT, 138 for TCV, 331 toxicity with, 1242 Crooked neck, 1161 Crooked toes, 1161 Crop adenoma of, 603 impaction of, 1172 nematodes of, 1046 pendulous, 1172, 1172f CraUl/aria spp., 1248 Crude oil, 31 Cryptosporidiosis, 783, 1006-7,

1085-90 in chickens, 1087-88 control of, 1089 diagnosis of, 1089-90 distribution of, 1087 ELISA for, 1090 history of, 1085-86 humans and, 1085 immunity with, 1089 incidence of, 1087 life cycle of, 1086--87 MD and, 472 morphology of, 1086--87 PCR for, 1090 prevention of, 1089 in quail, 1089

INDEX. 1291

sanitation and, 1089 sinusitis and, 818 taxonomy of, 1085-86 in turkeys, 1088-89 TVP and, 1276

Cryptosporidium baileyi, 219, 324 CsCI. See Cesium chloride CTC. See Chlortetracycline CfD. See Cytolethal toxin CTL. See Cytotoxic T lymphocytes C-type retrovirus, 569 Culex spp., 419-20 Culiseta melanura, 415 Cutis feather folliculoma of, 610 neoplastic diseases of, 610-11 squamous cell carcinoma of, 610 Cux-I,216 CVA. See Cefoperazone vancomycin amphotericin; 2--chloro·4 acetololuidine Cyanosis, 90 I Cyathostoma bronchialis, 1046-47 Cycloheximide, 679 for tactylariosis, 1006 for zygomycosis, 1007 Cyclophosphamide for botulism, 882 LT and, 142 Cyclopia, 1179 Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), 1211 Cyclosporin, 281 Cynomolgus monkeys, 110

Cyrnea colini, 1030-31 Cysteine hydrochloride, 621, 1155, 1235 Cystic right oviduct, 1180 Cytokines, 52, 53t. See also Interferon; Interleukin genes for, 53t MD and, 479 Cytolethal toxin (CTD), 679 Cytopathic effects (CPE), 80, 105 with AE, 431 with ALY, 525 with CIA, 212 with DH type 1,375,377 with EEE, 417 with GPY, 40 1 with MDPY, 401 with pox, 293, 296 with REV, 571 Cytosine arabinoside, 311 Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), 51, 161,462 CrA and, 211 REV and, 577

D Dactylariosis, 1005-6 Daily restriction, nutrition and, 5--6 D-alanine, 893 Danofloxacin, 851 Darkling beetle, 1014-15, 1015f DAS. See Deacetoxyscirpenol Daubentonia, 1248 Davainea proglottina, 1061 DCM. See Dilated cardiomyopathy DDE,1243 DDT,1243 DDVP. See Dichlorvos Deacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), 1198-1200 Dead birds Al and, 172-73 burying of, 25 composting of, 25 decomposition pits for, 25 disposal of, 4, 25 GO and, 887 incineration of, 25 as infection source, 25 rendering of, 25 Death camas, 1248 Decomposition pits, 25, 26f Decoquinate, 1079 Deep pectoral myopathy, 1162--63 DEE See Duck embryo fibroblast Degenerative joint disease, 1158-59 Dehydration, 1150-51 DEK. See Duck embryo kidney DEL. See Duck embryo liver Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), 946-47 Deletrocephalus dimidiatus, 1041 Deoxynivalenol (DON), 1198-1200 Deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs), 282 Deoxyribonuclease, 893 Depluming mites, 1017 Depopulation, 10 age and, 10 clostridia and, 10 disease and, 4 infectious coryza and, 10 intestinal parasites and, 10 LT and, 10 mycoplasma and, 10 production cycle and, 10 Dermal squamous cell carcinoma (DSeC), 588-91, 590f diagnosis of, 591 distribution of, 589 economic significance of, 589 epidemiology of, 589-90

etiology of, 589-90 histopathology of, 589 history of, 588-89 incidence of, 589 lesions of, 589 pathogenesis of, 589-90

Dermanyssus gallinae. See Red mites Dermatitis, 993. See also Gangrenous dermatitis contact, 1181 ulcerative, 887 Dermatomycosis. See Dermatophytosis Dermatophytosis, 1004-5 Dermonecrotic toxin, 893 Derzsy's disease. See Goose parvovirus DR, See Duck hepatitis DHBV. See Duck hepatitis B virus DIA. See Dot immunobinding assay Diarrhea with AEEC, 705 with AlS, 922 with~410-11

aspergillosis and, 994 campylobacteriosis and, 678, 680 with EHEC, 705 with EIEC, 705 with ELVs, 358-59 with EPEC, 705 with erysipelas, 913 with ETEC, 705 with IC, 794 rotovirus and, 338, 346, 347 with SS, 361 TAstV and, 352 Diazinon, 1243 Dichlorvos (DDVP), 1235-36, 1243 Diclazuril, 1079 DID. See Double immunodiffusion Dieldrin, 1243 Diet. See Nutrition Difco. See Tryptose-phosphate agar Difteria aviar. See Pox Digestive acidifiers. 715 Digestive system, neoplastic diseases of, 602-5 Dihydrostreptomycin, 762 for MG, 821 toxicity with, 1233 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 116&-<;7 Dimethoate, 1243 Dimethyl disulfide, 1245 Dimethyldithiocarbamate, 998 Dimethyl sulfide, 1245 Dimetridazole (Nitrazol, Emtryl), 1094, 1234, 1235

1292 • INDEX

Diminuviridae spp., 236 Dinitohnide, 1234 Dinitrotolwnide, 1234 Dioxin, 1246 Diphacinone, 1244--45 Diquat, 1242-43 Disease prevention. See Prevention Disease resistance. See Immunity Disinfectants, 4, 8, 26-30 for AI, 159 for AlS, 925 for aMPV; 10 1 for astrovirus, 352 for bordetellosis, 776, 783 for CIA, 215 for circovirus, 238 for coccidiosis, 1080 disease prevention and, 27-30 dry heat as, 30 for E. coli, 694 EPA on, 27 forFC, 743 for HE, 278, 283 for HNEG, 396 hot water as, 30 for infectious bmsal disease, 188 forMD,463 for MG, 809 forMS, 846 for Mycoplasma iawQe, 857 properties of, 27 for Salmonella spp., 637-38 sunlight as, 30 toxicity with, 1241-42 types of, 27-30 ultraviolet radiation as, 30 Dispharynx nasula, 1031 DNA microarrays, 64-65 DNA probes for CIA, 224-25 for GPV; 401 forMD,486 for MDPV; 401 DNase, 385 AE and, 431 DNA vaccination for duck hepatitis B, 20 for infectious bursal disease, 199 forNO, 20 forWNv; 422 DNOT,1234 dNTPs. See Deoxynucleotide triphosphates DON. See Deoxynivalenol Dot immunobinding assay (DIA), 628

Double imrnlUlodilfusiou (DID), 260, 261

for EDS, 273 Doyle's form, ofND, 75 Drinking water antibiotics in, 42-43 campylobacteriosis and, 676 coryza and, 13 EDS an~ 273-74 electrolytes in, 130 hot weather and, 14 medication in, 13, 42 tetracycline in, 714 vaccination with, 21-22 for IB, 130 Drosophila X virus, 185 Drugs. See Medications Dry heat, as disinfectant, 30 DSCC. See Dermal squamous cell carcinoma DTH. See Delayed type hypersensitivity Duck(s). See also Muscovy duck parvovirus adenovirus in, 259 AI in, 164 cestodesin, 1063-64 chlamydiosis in, 979 coccidiosis in, 1083--84 EEE in, 416 Ff in, 625 intracellular infection in, 962 PD in, 625 RA in, 760 reovirus in, 325-26 septicemia in, 709 Duck crrcOvlluS (DuCV), 236, 369-70 Duck embryo fibroblast (DEF), 463 for MD, 485 Duck embryo kidney (DEK), 375, 378 Duck embryo liver (DEL), 375, 378 Duck hepatitis (DH), 6, 367, 373-81, 402 DNA vaccination for, 20 type 1 of, 374-80 AI and, 378 biochemical effects of, 377 chemical agents and, 374 clinical signs of, 376 CPE for, 375, 377 diagnosis of, 377-78 differential diagnosis for, 378 distribution of, 374 ELISA for, 378 epidemiology of, 375-77 etiology of, 374 histopathology of, 376-77 history of, 374 hosts of, 375-76

immunity with. 377 laboratory hosts for, 375 lesions with, 376 morbidity with, 376 mortality with, 376 pathogenesis of, 375-77 pathogenicity of. 375 physical agents and, 374 prevention of, 378-80 serology for, 377-78 transmission of, 376 treatment of, 378 vaccination for, 378-79 variation in, 374 VN for, 375 type 2 of, 380 type 3 of, 380--81 Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), 381 Duck infectious anemia virus, 568 Duck plague. See Duck virus enteritis Duck septicemia. See RiemereUa anatipestifer Duck virus enteritis (DYE), 367, 384-91 active inununity with, 389 bursa of Fabricius and, 389 carriers of, 387 chemical agents and, 386 chemical composition of, 385 chloroform and, 385 chymotrypsin and, 385 classification of, 385 clinical signs of, 387-88 coccidiosis and, 390 conjunctivitis with, 387 corticosteroid for, 387 diagnosis of, 390 differential diagnosis for, 390 distribution of, 386 E. coli and, 388 economic significance of, 384 ELISA for, 390 epidemiology of, 386-90 ether and, 385 etiology of, 385-88 FC and, 390 in geese, 402 GHV and, 370 hemorrhage with, 388-89 herpesvirus and, 405 history of, 384-85 hosts of, 386-87 HPAI and, 390 inununity with, 389-90 inactivated vaccination for, 390 incidence of, 386 incubation period of, 387

INDEX. 1293

intervention for, 390--91 laboratory hosts for, 386 lesions with, 388-89 live vaccination for, 391 morbidity with, 388 morphology of, 385 mortality with, 388 NO and, 390 NE and, 390

passive immunity with, 390 pathobiology of, 388-90 pathology of, 388-89 PCR for, 367, 390 photophobia with, 388 physical agents and, 386 pox and, 390 serology for, 390 strain classification of, 386 transmission of, 387 trypsin and, 385 vaccination for, 390-91 virus replication of, 385-86 Duey. See Duck circovirus Dust, 11 NE and, 873 DYE. See Duck virus enteritis D-xylose, 363 Dyschondroplasia, 1154-56 salinomycin and, 1155 vitamin 0 for, 1155 ZnB and, 1155

E Earthworms, histomoniasis and, 1095, 1096

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), 414, 415-17

AIS and, 932-33 carriers of, 415-16 in chickens, 416 clinical signs of, 416 CPE of, 417 diagnosis of, 417 differential diagnosis for, 417 distribution of, 415 in ducks, 416 ELISA for, 417 EM of, 414f epizootiology of, 415 history of, 415 hosts of, 415 hwnans and, 414 incidence of, 415 intervention for, 417 IT and, 419 pathogenesis of, 415

in pheasants, 415, 416 RT-PCR for, 417 serology of, 417 transmission of, 415-16 in turkeys, 416 vaccination for, 417 in wild birds, 415 EB. See Elementary body EBA. See Elementary body agglutination Echinura uncinata, 1029 E. coli. See Escherichia coli Edema. See also Gangrenous dermatitis

chicken edema disease, 1246 corneal, 1179 HNEG and, 395 pulmonary, 399 EDS. See Egg drop syndrome EDTA. See Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EEE. See Eastern equine encephalitis Eendenpest. See Duck virus enteritis EEVs. See Extra-cellular enveloped virions Egg(s). See also Hatching eggs antibiotics into, 6 aspergillosis and, 994 candidiasis and, 1003 depressed production of, 1181 diseases from, 16-17 coliforms as, 17 Mycoplasma as, 6 Salmonella as, 17 dryness and, 7 frequent gathering of, 7 infectious bronchitis and, 124f nesting material and, 7 poor quality of, 1181 TB in, 944 temperature of, Mycoplasma and, 6 Egg-bound, 1180 Egg drop syndrome (EDS), 251, 266-:-74, 267f,269f

alpha-chymotrypsin for, 267 carriers of, 269 chemical agents and, 268 chemical composition of, 267 in chickens, 268-69 chloroform and, 268 classification of, 266-67 clinical signs of, 269-70 diagnosis of, 272-74 DID for, 273 differential diagnosis for, 273 drinking water and, 273-74 ELISA for, 272, 273 epidemiology of, 268-72

eradication of, 274 etiology of, 266-72 formaldehyde for, 267 glutaraldehyde for, 267 HA for, 267 HI for, 266, 273 history of, 266 hosts for, 268--69 IFA for, 273 immunity with, 271-72 inactivated vaccination for, 274 intervention for, 273-74 laboratory hosts for, 268 lesions with, 270--71 morphology of, 267 NA for, 267 pathobiology of, 268-72 pathogenicity of, 268, 271 pathology of, 270-71 physical agents and, 268 potassiwn periodate for, 267 in quail, 268 serology for, 273 SN for, 273 strain classification of, 268 TeID for, 273 transmission of, 269 trypsin for, 267 vaccination for, 274 virus repli.cation of, 268 Egg-entry room, 8 Egg Industry, 3

Eggshells, 6 diseases from, 6 phosphorus and, 6 vitamin D and, 6 Egg-traying, 8 EHEC. See Enterohemorrhagic E. coli EIA-Foss, 680 EID. See Embryo infective doses EIEC. See Enteroinvasive E. coli Eimeria acervulina, 1070 Eimeria adenoeides, 1081 Eimeria anseris, 1083 Eimeria brunetti, 1070-72 Eimeria dispersa, 1081 Eimeria gallopavonis, 1081--82 Eimeria hagani, 1072-73 Eimeria innocua, 1082 Eimeria maxima, 1073 Eimeria meleagridis, 1082 Eimeria meleagrimitis, 1082 Eimeria mitis, 1073 Eimeria mivati, 1073-74 Eimeria necatrix, 1074 Eimeria praecox, 1074

1294 • INDEX

Eimeria spp., 874 Eimeria subrotunda, 1082 Eimeria tenella, 1074-75 Eimeria truncata, 1083 Electrocution, killing birds with, 35 Electrolytes, in drinking water, 130 Electron microscopy (EM) for AE, 430 for CIA, 213f, 225 for circovirus, 244 for EEE, 414f for ELVs, 358 for GPV; 398f, 40 I for HNEG, 394f, 395 for LT, 142 for MD, 454, 486 for MDPV; 40 I for MG, 808 for pox, 299 for rotavirus, 340, 345, 347 forTCV, 331, 331f forTVP, 1275 Electrophoretic types (ETs), 342, 928 Elementary body (EB), 972, 975-76 Elementary body agglutination (EBA), 982 RUSA. See Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELVs. See Avian enterovirus-like viruses EM. See Electron microscopy Embrex Inovoject Egg injection System,

20 Embryo infective doses (EID), 165, 189 for infectious bursal disease, 195 for pox, 296 Embryo susceptibility (ES), 437 Empbysema, 1172 Emtryl. See Dimetridazole Encephalitis, 994 Encephalomalacia, 437 Encephalomyelitis. See Avian encephalomyelitis Endocardiosis, 1170 Endocarditis, 902f, 904 Endocrine system, neoplastic diseases of,609 Endogenous leukosis viruses, 521-23 Endophthalmitis, 1180 Endothelioma, 539f Endotoxin, 638, 694, 1245 FC and, 745 Enilconazole, 29 for aspergillosis, 991 Enrofloxacin, 651 for MS, 851

for Mycoplasma iowae, 860 for RA, 759 Entenpest. See Duck virus enteritis Enteric disease, 323-24 multicausal, 1266-68 in turkeys, 325 Enteric infections, 329-67. See also Astrovirus; Avian enterovirus-like viruses; Rotavirus; Turkey coronavirus enteritis; Thrkey torovirus Enteric reovirus strains (ERS), 324 Enteritis, 691 Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC), 695, 792 Enterobacter spp., 955 Enterococcus spp., 903-7 antibiotics for, 44, 906 clinical signs of, 905 CTC for, 906 diagnosis of, 905--6 differential diagnosis for, 906 epizootiology of, 904-5 erythromycin for, 906 etiology of, 904 history of, 903-4 humans and, 906 intervention for, 906 lesions with, 905 nitrofurans for, 906 novobiocin for, 906 oxytetracycline for, 906 pathobiology of, 904--5 pathology of, 905 penicillin for, 906 public health significance of, 906 septicemia and, 904 tetracycline for, 906 treatment for, 906 tylosin for, 906 Enterococcus jaeca/is, 1153 Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), 696 diarrhea with, 705 Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), 696 diarrhea with, 705 Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), diarrhea with, 705 Enterotoxemia. See Necrotic enteritis Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), 696 diarrhea with, 705 Enterotoxin, 638, 680, 893 Envirorunental Protection Agency (EPA) on disinfectants, 27 on pesticides, 30 Enzyme-linked inununosorbent assay (ELISA), 23-24, 55

for adenovirus group I, 261 for AE, 431, 437 forAI, 160, 171,173 for ALV; 522, 546 for aMPV; 102, 104, 105 for ANY, 412 for arizonosis, 671 for bordetellosis, 778, 782-83 for botulism, 882 for campylobacteriosis, 680 for chlamydiosis, 981 for CIA, 226 for cryptosporidiosis, 1090 for DH type I, 378 for DYE, 390 for EOS, 272, 273 for EEE, 417 for FT, 628, 629 for GPV; 401 for HE, 277-78, 281, 282 for HEY, 446 for infectious bronchitis, 119, 126, 127,128 for infectious bursal disease, 195, 198 for LT, 142, 144 for MD, 486 for MDPY, 401 forMG,818 forMM,838 for MS, 846, 850 for Mycoplasma iowae, 859 forNO,88 forNE,875 for ORT, 766, 770 for PO, 628, 629 for pox, 294, 299 for REV; 579 for rotavirus, 340, 347 for Salmonella spp., 647-48 forTS, 947 temporal distribution of, 24t for toxoplasmosis, 1114 for viral arthritis, 317-18 forWNv,421-22 Enzymes, 715 Eosin, 142 EPA. See Envirorunental Protection Agency Epidermophyton ga/linae, 1005 Epididymitis, 707 Epididymo-orchitis, 707 Epomidiostomum uncinatum, 1036 Ergotamine tartrate, 1198 Ergotism, 1197-98 ERIC. See Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus

INDEX. 1295

ERS. See Enteric reovirus strains Erysipelas,909-18 active immunity with, 915-16 age and, 912 antigenic structure of, 910 biochemical properties of, 910 carbon dioxide and, 910 carriers of, 912-13 chemical agents and, 910 classification of, 909 clinical signs of, 913 cresol for, 910 diagnosis of, 916-17 diarrhea with, 913 differential diagnosis for, 917 distribution of, 912 E. coli and, 917 economic significance of, 909 epizootiology of, 912-16 etiology of, 909-12 FA for, 917 FC and, 917 growth requirements of, 909-10 HA for, 912 history of, 909 hosts of, 912 humans and, 32, 909 hyaluronidase and, 912 immunity with, 915-16 immunogenicity of, 911 incidence of, 912 incubation period of, 913 intervention for, 917 lesions with, 913-14 morbidity with, 913 morphology of, 909 mortality with, 913 NO and, 917 oxytetracycline for, 918 passive immunity with, 916 pathobiology of, 912-16 pathogenesis of, 915 pathology of, 913-14 PCR for, 916 penicillin for, 918 phenol for, 910 physical agents and, 910 public health significance of, 909 RAPD for, 911 SalmoneJ/a spp. and, 917 serology for, 916-17 sodium hydroxide for, 910 strain classification of, 910-12 sulfonamides for, 918 temperature and, 91 0 transmission of, 912-13

treatment for, 918 vaccination for, 917-18 virulence factors of, 911-12 Erysipeloid. See Erysipelas Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, 628, 909 Erythroblastosis, 535 anemia with, 550 differential diagnosis for, 550-51 IF for, 550 LL and, 551 myeloblastosis and, 550 Erythromycin, 43 for AIS, 934 for botulism, 883 for chlamydiosis, 973 for Enterococcus spp., 906 for GD, 888 for IC, 798 forMG,821 forORT,771 for RA, 759 for Staphylococcus spp., 896 for Streptococcus spp., 903 ES. See Embryo susceptibility Escherichia coli (E. coli), 19. See also Colibacillosis AEEC, 698, 705 AI and, 168 AIS and, 926 antigenic structure of, 694-95 bordetellosis and, 783 CH 20 for, 694 chlamydiosis and, 974 colibacillosis and, 691 coliform cellulitis and, 732-33 disinfectants and, 694 DVE and, 388 EHEC, 696, 705 EIEC, 696, 705 EPEC,705 erysipelas and, 917 ETEC, 696, 705 feces and, 712 GO and, 887 HE and, 276, 282 hepatic lipidosis and, 1175 hydrogen peroxide for, 694 incubation period of, 703 infectious bursal disease and, 185 litter and, 713 MG and, 807 pathogenesis of, 696 PHVI and, 406 Quats for, 694 reovirus and, 324 SHS and, 100, 103

Staphylococcus spp. and, 894, 896

strain classification of, 695-96 UPEC,696 Escherich, Theobald, 693 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 602-3 ETEC. See Enterotoxigenic E. coli Ethambutol, 942, 948 Ether, 138 adenovirus group I and, 255 ANY and, 410 OYE and, 385 pox and, 293 TVH and, 426 viral artluitis and, 311 Ethoxyquin,1241 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 267,461 ETs. See Electrophoretic types Eubacterium spp., 955 Eucalyptus cladocalyx, 1248 Exfoliative toxins, 893 ExPEC. See Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli

Extra-cellular enveloped virions (EEVs), 293 Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC),691 Eye drops, for vaccination, 130 Eye-notch syndrome, 1180 Eyes, 1178-79. See also Blindness aspergillosis and, 996 melanoma of, 608 nematodes of, 1048 osteosarcoma of, 608 teratoma of, 608

F FA. See Fluorescent antibody FArlY, 253, 253f, 2541, 256 Fahey-Crawley virus, 310, 323 Falcon herpesvirus (FHV), 405 False layer, 1180 FAME. See Fatty acid methylester Famphur, 1243 Fannia, 1012-13 F antigens, 695 Faquinoxaline, 1087 Fats, 1123 Fatty acid methy1ester (FAME), 758 Fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS), 1134 Fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS), 1173-74 FAY. See Fowl adenovirus Favus. See Dermatophytosis

1296 • INDEX

Fe. See Fowl cholera Feather follicle epithelium (FFE), 454 MD and, 469, 475, 480 Feather folliculitis, 244 Feather folliculoma, 611f of cutis, 610 Feathering, coliform celluJitis and, 733-34 Feather pecking, 1149-50 Feces AIS and, 924 E. coli and, 712 HEY and, 444 NE and, 873 in nesting material, 7 PCR on, 933 UE and, 868 Feed

campylobacteriosis and, 682 coliform cellulitis and, 734 as infection source, 18, 624 litter in, 12 medication in, 13,33,42 mycotoxicoses and, 1213 rodents in, 12 Salmonella spp. and, 7 Feed Additive Compendium, 33,43 Feeders, 12-13 Feed mills, design of, 4 FenbeneJazole, 1235 Fenthion, 1243 Fertilizers, 1246 FFE. See Feather follicle epithelium FHv. See Falcon herpesvirus Fibrinolysin, 893 Fibrosarcomas, 525, 540-42, 541f Fimbriariafasciolaris, 1064 Fischer lovebirds, 238 Flaviviridae spp., 369, 414-15 Flavobacterium spp., 956 Flavophospholipol, 682 Fleas, 1018-19 FLHS. See Fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome Flies, 1011-12 classification of, 1011-14 FLKS. See Fatty liver and kidney syndrome Flock placement, 13-14 Floor eggs, 7 Floor rearing facility, 6 Flukes. See Trematodes Fluorescent antibody (FA), 142 for AB, 437 for AIS, 927 for ALV, 547 for erysipelas, 917

for infectious bursal disease, 195 for MD, 485 for pox, 299 for turkey torovirus, 364 Fluorine, 1237 Fluoroquinolones (FQ), 651, 681 for colibacillosis, 715 forMO,821 Folacin. See Folic acid Folic acid (Folacin), 1135 Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 680 FoodNet. See Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network Food safety, 3 Fonnaldehyde (CH20) for AI, 159 for astrovirus, 352 for bordetellosis, 783 for CIA, 215 for circovirus, 238 for E. coli, 694 forEDS,267 for FC, 743 fumigation with, 28-29 mold and, 8 for GPv, 398 OSHA 00,29 for Salmonella spp., 637 forTCV, 331 toxicity with, 1242 Formic acid, circovirus and, 238 Fowl adenovirus (FAY), 130 Fowl cholera (FC), 739--54 antibiotics for, 752 aspergillosis and, 997 carriers of, 746-47 CH20 for, 743 chemical agents and, 743 clinical signs of, 747 control of, 753-54 diagnosis of, 751-52 differential diagnosis for, 751-52 disinfectants and, 743 distribution of, 740 DYE and, 390 endotoxin and, 745 epizootiology of, 745-51 erysipelas and, 917 etiology of, 740-45 glutaraldehyde for, 743 growth requirements of, 740 history of, 739--40 hosts of, 745--46 immunity with, 749-51 incidence of, 740

insects and, 747 lesions with, 747-49 live vaccination for, 750 MG and, 818 morphology of, 740 passive immunity and, 750-51 pathogenesis of, 745-51 pathogenicity of, 744-45 PCR for, 744 penicillin for, 752 phenol for, 743 physical agents and, 743 prevention of, 753-54 sodium hydroxide for, 743 streptomycin for, 752 sulfonamides for, 752 TB and, 947 transmission of, 746-47 treatment for, 752-53 vaccination for, 750, 753-54 Fowl disease. See High pathogenicity avian influenza Fowl grippe. See High pathogenicity avian influenza Fowl leukemia, 515 Fowl pest. See High pathogenicity avian influenza Fowl plague. See High pathogenicity avian influenza Fowl pox (FP). See Pox Fowl ticks, 1017 Fowl typhoid (Ff), 620-31 age and, 623 antigenic structure of, 622 biochemical properties of, 621-22 carrier removal with, 6 chemical agents and, 622 in chickens, 625 classification of, 621 clinical signs of, 624 diagnosis of, 627-29 differential diagnosis of, 628-29 distribution of, 623 economic significance of, 620 ELISA for, 628, 629 epizootiology of, 623-24 etiology of, 621-22 in guinea fowl, 625 histopathology of, 625-26 history of, 620 hosts of, 623 inununity with, 627 incidence of, 623 intervention for, 629--31 lesions with, 624-25 MD and, 628

INDEX. 1297

morbidity with, 624 morphology of, 621 mortality with, 624 Mycoplasma spp. and, 628 Pasteurella multocida and, 628 pathobiology of, 623-24 pathogenesis of, 626-27 pathology of, 624-27 physical agents and, 622 public health significance of, 620 reporting of, 32 serology of, 628 Staphylococcus spp. and, 628 tests for, 629-30 transmission of, 623-24 in turkeys, 625 vaccination for, 630 virulence factors of, 622 FQ. See Fluoroquinolones Frey's medium, 845, 846t Fructooligosaccharide, 682 Fruit fly, 1013 FT. See Fowl typhoid Fucose, 621 Fumigation, 8 hydrogen peroxide for, 138 toxicity with, 1241-42 Fumonisins, 1202-3 Fungal infections, 989-1009. See also Aspergillosis; Candidiasis; Cryptosporidiosis agents for, 1213 dactylariosis, 1005-6 dennatophytosis, 1004-5 formaldehyde fumigation and, 8 histoplasmosis, 1006 macrorhabdosis, 1008 necropsy and, 38 zygomycosis, 1007 Fungal pneumonia. See Aspergillosis Fungicides, 1242 Furazolidone (FZ), 870, 875 toxicity with, 1233 turkeys and, 1167 Furoxone, 888 Fusaric acid, 1203 Fusarium spp., 1198-1203 Fusarochromanone, 1203 Fusarocin, 1203 FZ. See Furazolidone

G Galaetofuranosyl,991 Gallibacterium spp., 952, 956 Gallid herpesvirus. See Laryngotracheitis

Galliformes spp., 165 GALT. See Gut-associated lymphoid tissue Gammaherpesvirus, 453 Gamma radiation, 637 Ganglioneurosarcoma, 540 Gangrenous cellulitis. See Gangrenous dermatitis Gangrenous dermatitis (GO), 865,

885-88 adenovirus and, 887 antibiotics for, 888 biochemical properties of, 886 blue wing disease and, 885 carriers of, 886 in chickens, 885 citric acid for, 888 classification of, 886 clinical signs of, 886 copper sulfate for, 888 CTC for, 888 dead bird removal and, 887 diagnosis of, 887-88 differential diagnosis for, 887 E. coli and, 887 economic significance of, 885 epizootiology of, 886-87 erythromycin for, 888 etiology of, 886 Furoxone for, 888 growth requirements of, 886 history of, 885-86 IBH and, 887 infectious anemia and, 887 infectious bursal disease and, 185,887 intervention for, 887-88 lesions with, 886-87 morphology of, 886 oxytetracycline for, 888 pathobiology of, 886-87 pathogenesis of, 887 pathology of, 886-87 penicillin for, 888 propionic acid for, 888 public health significance of, 885 REV and, 887 squamous cell carcinoma and, 887 Staphylococcus spp. and, 886, 893t transmission of, 886 treatment for, 888 in turkeys, 885 vaccination for, 888 Gangrenous dermatomyositis. See Gangrenous dermatitis Gas edema disease. See Gangrenous dermatitis

Gastrocnemius tendon, 1163 Gastroenteritis, 351 GD. See Gangrenous dermatitis Geese. See also Goose; Hemorrhagic nephritis enteritis of geese adenovirus in, 259 cestodes in, 1063-64 chlamydiosis in, 979 coccidiosis in, 1083 DYE in, 402 Mycoplasma in, 863 RA in, 760 reovirus in, 325-26 WNV in, 419, 420 Geflugelpest. See High pathogenicity avian influenza Geflugelpocken. See Pox Genetic engineering, for vaccination, 19-20 Genetic resistance to ALY, 65-{;6, 544-45, 552-53 to coccidiosis, 68 to colibacillosis, 68 to infectious bursal disease, 68-69 to LL, 545 to MO, 66--67 to salmonellosis, 67-68 Genetics circovirus and, 238-39 of disease resistance, 59-69 linkage and, 61-62 USand,517f MO and, 489-90 MHC and, 62 of NO, 79 of rotavirus, 341-42 tools of, 63 Genotypes, 59 Gentamicin, 43 for arizonosis, 671 for colibacillosis, 715 forMM,840 for RA, 759 Gentian violet, 1213 GFP. See Green fluorescent protein GHPY. See Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus GHY. See Goose herpesvirus Gizzard adenocarcinoma of, 603, 603f impaction of, 1172 leiomyoma of, 603f nematodes of, 1046 Gizzard erosions, 258-59, 323 pathology of, 260 Gizzerosine, 1236

1298 • INDEX

Gliotoxin, 992 Globalization, 3 Glutaraldehyde, 159,215,766 forEDS, 267 for FC, 743 for rotavirus, 340 Glycerol, 693 Glyoxylic acid, 766 circovirus and, 238 GoCY. See Goose circovirus Gongylonema ingluvicola, 1030 Goose circovirus (GoCV), 236, 238, 369-70 bone marrow and, 244 bursa of Fabricius and, 244 liver and, 244 thymus and, 244 Goose enteritis. See Goose parvovirus Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPY), 367, 393 Goose hepatitis. See Goose parvovirus Goose herpesvirus (GHV), 370 Goose influenza. See Goose parvovirus; Riemerella anatipestifer Goose parvovirus (GPV), 367, 393, 395, 397-402 age and, 399 carriers of, 399 chemical agents and, 398 chemical composition of, 397 classification of, 397 clinical signs of, 399 CMI with, 400 CPE with, 400 diagnosis of, 400-402 differential diagnosis for, 401-2 distribution of, 398-99 DNA probes for, 401 ELISA for, 401 EM for, 398f, 40 I epidemiology of, 398-400 etiology of, 397-98 formaldehyde for, 398 history of, 397 hosts for, 399 hydropericardiwn syndrome with, 400f IF for, 40] immunity with, 400 inactivated vaccination for, 402 incidence of, 398-99 incubation period of, 399 intervention for, 402 IP for, 401 laboratory hosts for, 398 lesions with, 399-400

morbidity with, 399 morphology of, 397 mortality with, 399 pathobiology of, 398-400 pathogenesis of, 400 pathology of, 399-400 PCR for, 401 pericarditis with, 399 pulmonary edema with, 399 RFLP for, 401 serology for, 401 strain classification of, 398 transmission of, 399 vaccination for, 402 virus replication of, 397-98 Goose plague. See Goose parvovirus Goose reovirus (GRV), 369-70 Goose venereal disease, 961--62 Gout, 1176-77 GPIC. See Guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis GPY. See Goose parvovirus Granulomas, 962--63 Granulosa cell tumors, 543 Granulosa-theca cell tumor, of ovaries, 597, 598f Gray eye, 472 Green fluorescent protein (GFP), 146 Green onions, 1249 GRY. See Goose reovirus Guinea fowl adenovirus in, 259--60 aMPV in, 102 FT in, 625 infectious bronchitis in, 122 infectious bursal disease in, 191 PD in, 625 Guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC),980 Gumboro disease. See Infectious bursal disease Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). 48, 1274-75 Gyrovirus, 236

H HsN2 avian influenza, 19 HA. See Hemagglutinin Haemoproteus spp., 1109 Hafnia spp., 956 Halofuginone (Stenorol), 1108, 1234 Haloxon,1052-53 Hamyein, 998 H antigens, 694 Haplotype, 66 Harderian gland, 193

Hatcheries. 1151 design of, 4, 8 management of, 8-9 ventilation system in. 8 Hatching eggs liquid sterilization of, 7-8 management of, 7-8 sanitization of, 7 storage of, 7-8 washing of, 7-8 Hatching rooms, 8 HAY. See Hepatitis A virus HE. See Hemorrhagic enteritis H&E. See Hematoxylin and eosin Heart puncture, 34 Heat. See Temperature Heat stress, 1150 Heavy chain, 52 Helicobacter spp., 956 AIS and, 933 Helicopter wing syndrome. See Malabsorption syndrome Helper T cells (TH), 51 Hemagglutinin (HA), 158 adenovirus group I and, 255 for AI, 162--63 for circovirus, 244 for EDS, 267 for erysipselas, 912 Ie and, 795-96 immunity to, 173 for pox, 295, 299 Hemagglutinin inhibition (HI), 160 for AI, 171, 173 for circovirus, 244 for EDS, 266, 273 for IC, 797 forMG,818 forMM,838 for MS, 846, 850 Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (RN), 78 APMV-2 and, III APMV-4 and, III Hemangioma, 525, 531, 537-38, 538f differential diagnosis of, 551 Hemangiopericytoma,609-IO Hematoxylin, 142 Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), 280 Hemlock, 1248 Hemocytoblasts, 220 Hemolysins, 893 Hemorrhage with DYE, 388-89 with infectious bursal disease, 192, 192f, 193, 198 Hemorrhagic-aplastic anemia

INDEX. 1299

CIA and, 219 infectious bursal disease and, 196 Hemorrhagic enteritis (HE), 251, 276-83. See also Avian adenovirus splenomegaly; Marble spleen disease

acid for, 278 active immunity with, 281 age and, 279 AGIO for, 282 AI and, 282 carriers of, 279 chemical agents and, 278 chemical composition of, 277 chloroform for, 278 classification of, 277 clinical signs of, 279

eM! with, 281 colibacillosis and, 283 diagnosis of, 281-82 differential diagnosis for, 282 disinfectants for, 278, 283 distribution of, 278 E. coli and, 276, 282 economic significance of, 276-77 ELISA for, 277-78, 281, 282 epidemiology of, 278-81 etiology of, 277-78 history of, 277 hosts of, 278-79 IF for, 277-78. 282 IgM and, 280 immunity with, 281 inununodiffusion for, 278 incidence of, 278 incubation period of, 279 infectious bronchitis and, 282 intervention for, 282-83

IP for, 278, 282 laboratory hosts of, 278 lesions of, 279-80 LT and, 282 MD and, 282 morbidity with, 279 morphology of, 277 mortality with, 278, 279 NaOel for, 278, 283 ND and, 281, 282 NE and, 874 passive immunity with, 281 Pasteurella spp. and, 282 pathobiology of, 278-81 pathogenesis of, 280-8 I pathogenicity of, 278 pathology of, 279-80 PCR for, 278

physical agents and, 278 serology of, 282 strain classification of, 278 temperature and, 278 transmission of, 279 in turkeys, 1262 vaccination for, 282-83 virus replication of, 277-78 wild birds and, 278-79 Hemorrhagic fatty liver syndrome (HFLS), 445, 446, 1174 Hemorrhagic nephritis enteritis of geese (HNEG), 367, 393-96

CAM and, 395 carriers of, 394 chemical agents and, 393 chemical composition of, 393 classification of, 393 clinical signs of, 394-95 diagnosis of, 395-96 differential diagnosis for, 396 disinfectants for, 396 distribution of, 394 edema and, 395 EM for, 394f, 395 epidemiology of, 394-95 etiology of, 393-94 history of, 393 hosts of, 394 immunity with, 395 incidence of, 394 incubation period of, 394 intervention for, 396 laboratory hosts for, 394 lesions with, 395, 395f morbidity with, 394-95 morphology of, 393 mortality with, 394-95 nephritis with, 395, 396 pathobiology of, 394-95 pathogenesis of, 395 pathology of, 395 physical agents and, 393 RT-PCR for, 394 strain classification of, 393 stress and, 395 temperature and, 393 transmission of, 394 vaccination for, 396 virus replication of, 393 Hemorrhagic syndrome. See Chicken infectious anemia Hepadnaviridae spp., 367 Hepatic lipidosis AE and, 1174-75 E. coli and, 1175

of turkeys, 1174-75 vitamin BI2 for, 1175 vitamin E for, 1175 Hepatitis. See Duck hepatitis; Goose parvovirus; Inclusion body hepatitis; Turkey viral hepatitis Hepatitis A virus (HAV), 443 AE and, 431 Hepatitis E virus (HEV), 282, 441-51, 1153

AGIO for, 446 Campylobacter spp. and, 441 carriers of, 444 chemical agents and, 443 chemical composition of, 442-43 chickens and, 444 classification of, 441 clinical signs of, 444-45 CM! with, 445 diagnosis of, 446 distribution of, 444 ELISA for, 446 epidemiology of, 444-46 etiology of, 441-44 feces and, 444 hosts of, 444 in humans, 441 humoral immunity with, 445 IgG and, 445 immunity with, 445-46 incidence of, 444 incubation period of, 444 intervention for, 446 laboratory hosts for, 444 lesions with, 445 morphology of, 442 ORF and, 442 pathobiology of, 444-46 pathogenesis of, 445 pathology of, 445 physical agents and, 443 RT-PCR for, 445 SPF and, 445 Staphylococcus spp. and, 894 strain classification of, 443-44 temperature and, 443 transmission of, 444 virus replication of, 443 Hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HS). See Hepatitis E virus Hepatocarcinoma, 544 Hepatocellular nunors, 604 Heptachlor, 1243 Herbicides, 1242-43 Herpes simplex virus, 137 Herpesviridae spp., 137,441

1300 • INDEX

Herpesvirus, 405-7. See also Marek's disease; Pigeon herpesvirus I alphaherpesvirus, 137, 453 DVE and, 405 FHY, 405 ganunaherpesvirus,453 GHY, 370

OHY, 405 psHV·I, 138 SHYI,407 Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), 145,318, 405,491 MD and, 484, 489 vaccination for, 468 Heterakis dispar, 1041-42 Heterakis ga/linarum, 1042-43 control of, 1052 Heterakis isolonche, 1043 HEY. See Hepatitis E virus Hexamitiasis, 1093, 1103-4 butynorate for, 1104 HFLS. See Hemorrhagic fatty liver syndrome HI. See Hemagglutinin inhibition Hide beetle, 1015 Highlands J (HJ), 414, 418 IT and, 419 High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAll,153 clinical signs of, 167-68 DYE and, 390 history of, 156 IT and, 419 ostriches and, 168 pathology of, 168 High pathogenicity notifiable avian influenza (HPNAI), I53 High-perfonnance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 942 Histamine, 1236 Histidine, 1236 Histiocytic sarcomatosis. See Multicentric histiocytosis Histomoniasis, 1096--1100 antibiotics for, 1100 chemical agents and, 1097 chemotherapy for, 1100 classification of, 1096--97 clinical signs of, 1098 control of, 1100 diagnosis of, 1099-1100 distribution of, 1097-98 earthwonns and, 1101 economic significance of, 1095 epidemiology of, 1098-99 etiology of, 1096-97

histopathology of, 1099 history of, 1095-96 hosts of, 1098 immunity with, 1099 incidence of, 1097-98 incubation period of, 1098 lesions of, 1099 life cycle of, 1096-97 morbidity with, 1098 morphology of, 1096 mortality with, 1098 pathogenesis of, 1098-99 pathogenicity of, 1097 pathology of, 1098 physical agents and, 1097 prevention of, 1100 transmission of, 1097 UE and, 869-70 vaccination for, 1100 Histoplasmosis, 1006 Hitchner's form, ofND, 76, 90 H1. See Highlands J Hjarre's disease, 691, 710 TB and, 947 hMPV. See Human metapneumovirus HN. See Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HNEG. See Hemorrhagic nephritis enteritis of geese Homocysteine, 1155 Hospital pens, as infection source, 16 Host-parasite-environment relationship, 3-4 Hot water, as disinfectant, 30 Hot weather, water and, 14 House flY,1011-16 HP-2 peR, 796-97 HPAL See High pathogenicity avian influenza HPLC. See High-performance liquid chromatography HPNAL See High pathogenicity notifiable avian influenza HRT. See Human rectal adenocarcinoma HSMS. See Hypoglycemia-spiking mortality syndrome Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), 100 Human rectal adenocarcinoma (HRT), 332 Humans, 18 adenovirus and, obesity from, 252 AI in, 154-55 AIS and, 923 ALV and, 515 botulism and, 880 carnpylobacteriosis and, 680-81 chlamydiosis and, 32, 971

circovirus and, 236 cryptosporidiosis and, 1085 EEE and, 414 Enterococcus spp. and, 906 erysipelas and, 32, 909 gastroenteritis in, 351 HEV in, 441 as infection source, 14-15, 18 MD and, 452 mycotoxicoses and, 1214 NE and, 872 REV and, 569 Salmonella spp. and, 32, 636 Staphylococcus spp. and, 892 TB and, 941 visitors, 18 WEE and, 414 WNV and, 414 Humoral immunity, 52-54 with AIS, 932 with aMPV; 104 with HEV, 445 with LT, 142 with MD,483 with ND, 86 with REV, 577 with viral arthritis, 316 H vaccines, 117 HVT. See Herpesvirus of turkeys Hyaluronidase, 893 erysipelas and, 912 Hydrocortisone, 912 Hydrogen peroxide for E. coli, 694 for fumigation, 138 for Salmonella spp., 637 viral arthritis and, 311 Hydrogen sulfide, 1245 Hydropericardium syndrome, 252, 324 clinical signs of, 257-58 with GPv, 400f pathology of, 260 Hymenolepis cantaniana, 1061 Hymenolepis carioca, 1061-62 Hymenolepis megalops, 1064 Hyperuricemia, 1176 Hypochlorites, 28 forelA,215 Hypoglycemia-spiking mortality syndrome (HSMS), 1269--71 diagnosis of, 1271 distribution of, 1270 epizootiology of, 1271 etiology of, 1270-71 incidence of, 1270 pathogenesis of, 1271

INDEX. 1301

prevention of, 1271 treatment of, 1271 Hypothyroidism, 1165, 1242 Hypoxia, 1164-65

I lB. See Infectious bronchitis; Intermediate body mD. See Identity by descent; Infectious bursal disease mHo See Inclusion body hepatitis Ie. See Immunochromatography; Infectious coryza ICTv. See International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Identity by descent (IBD), 63 IF. See Inununofluorescence IFA. See Indirect fluorescent antibody IFN. See Interferon IgA. See Immunoglobulin A IgG. See Immunoglobulin G IgM. See Immunoglobulin M mc. See Immunohistochemical methods IL-l. See Interleukin-l IL-2. See Interleukin-2 IL-4. See Interleukin-4 IL-5. See Interleukin-5 IL-6. See Interleukin-6 IL-8. See Interleukin-8 IL-I0. See Interleukin-l 0 IL-12. See Interleukin-12 IL-18. See Interleukin-18 IMAGEN,981

Imazalil, 29 Imidazothiazoles, 1235 IMIF. See Indirect microimmunofluorescence Immucox, 1080 Immune system, 47-57 anatomy of, 48-50 Immunity, 86. See also Active immunity; Passive inununity; Vaccination adaptive, 50-54 with adenovirus group I, 260-61 withAl, 169-70 with AIS, 932 with ALV, 544-45 with aMPv, 104 with aspergillosis, 996 with astrovirus, 353 with bordetellosis, 781-82 with botulism, 882 with campylobacteriosis, 679 with chlamydiosis, 980 with CIA, 222-23 with circovirus, 243--44

with cryptosporidiosis, 1089 with DVE, 389-90 with ELVs, 359 with erysipelas, 915-16 with FC, 749-51 with FT, 627 genetics of, 59-69 with GPV, 400 with HA, 173 with HE, 281 heritabilityof,60-61 with HEY, 445-46 with histomoniasis, 1099 host factors for, 47-71 with IC, 792, 795-96 immune system and, 47-57 with infectious bronchitis, 125-26 with infectious bursal disease, 195-96

with LT, 142 macrophages and, 54-55 maternal transfer of, 54 with MD, 482-85 with MDPY, 400 with MG, 816--17 with MM, 838-39 with MS, 849-50 with Mycoplasma iowae, 859 with NA, 173 NK and, 54 with ORT, 768 with parathyroid gland Salmonella spp. in, 644-45 with PD, 627 with PHVl, 407 with RA, 761 with REY, 577-78 with rotavirus, 346-47 with Staphylococcus spp., 895 with TCY, 334 with trichomoniasis, 1102 with type, 377 with UE, 869 with viral artluitis, 316 with WNY, 421 Immunization. See Vaccination Immunoblotting, 299-300 Immunochromatography (IC), 981 Immunodiffusion. See also Agar gel immunodiffusion; Double immunodiffusion for AE, 431 for HE, 278 for infectious bronchitis, 128 for pox, 299 Immunoelectrophoresis, 377

Immunofluorescence (IF) for aMPY, 104, 105 for ANY, 412 for chlamydiosis, 981 for CIA, 225 for ELVs, 357 for erythroblastosis, 550 for GPY, 401 for HE, 277-78, 282 for infectious bronchitis, 128 for MDPY, 401 for ORT, 769 forREY, 579 for rotavirus, 340, 344f, 345 forTCV, 331, 334 Immunoglobulin A (IgA), 52 properties of, 54t rotavirus and, 346 viral arthritis and, 316 Immunoglobulin G (IgG), 52 HEV and, 445 MD and, 477 properties of, 54t rotavirus and, 346 Salmonella spp. and, 645 Immunoglobulin M (IgM), 52 HE and, 280 infectious bursal disease and, 196 MD and, 483, 487 properties of, 54t rotavirus and, 346 Salmonella spp. and, 645 Immunohistochemical methods (IHC), 932

hnmunomagnetic separation (IMS), 648 Immunoperoxidase (IP) for aMPY, 105 for CIA, 225 for ELVs, 357 for GPY, 401 for HE, 278, 282 for LT, 142 for MDPY, 401 forMM,850 for pox, 299 for TCY, 331, 334 Impacted oviduct, 1180 Impaction, 1172 IMS. See Immunomagnetic separation IMV. See Intracellular mature virus Inactivated vaccination, 20 for AI, 173 characteristics of, 19t for CIA, 227 for colibacillosis, 713 for DVE, 390

1302 • INDEX

Inactivated vaccination (continued) for EDS, 274 for GPY, 402 for IC, 798 for infectious bronchitis, 129-30 for infectious bursal disease, 199 for LT, 145 for MDPY, 402 forMS, 851 for RA, 762 Incineration AI and, 173 of dead birds, 25 necropsy and, 40 Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), 324 adenovirus and, 227, 252 CIA and, 212, 219 clinical signs of, 257 GO and, 881 infectious bursal disease and, 196 pathology of, 260 Inclusion body hepatitis-anemia syndrome, 185 Incubation, 8, 1151 Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA), 144 for AlS, 932 for CIA, 225-26 for EDS, 273 for sarcocystosis, 1112 for Staphylococcus spp., 896 for turkey torovirus, 364 Indirect micro-immunofluorescence (IMIF),982 Induced-molting, as infection source, 15 Industria Avicola, 3

Infectious anemia. See also Chicken infectious anemia; Duck infectious anemia virus GO and, 881 vaccination for, failure of, 22 Infectious bronchitis (lB), 4, 6, 100, 111-30 active immunity with, 125-26 airsacculitis and, 121 albumen and, 123 aMPV and, 105 ANY and, 412 breeding flocks and, 123 candling and, 120 carriers of, 123 chemical composition of, 118 in chicken embryo, 120-21, 120f in chickens, 121 CIA and, 223 classification of, 118 clinical signs of, 123-24

colibacillosis and, 702, 707 diagnosis of, 126-29 differential diagnosis for, 129 distribution of, 117-18 eggs and, 124f ELISA for, 119, 126, 127, 128 epizootiology of, 123-26 etiology of, 118-23 in guinea fowl, 122 HE and, 282 histopathology of, 125 history of, II? hosts for, 120-21 IF for, 128 immunity and, 125-26 immunodiffusion for, 128 immWlosuppression and, 122 inactivated vaccination for, 129-30 incidence of, 117-18 incubation period of, 123 infectious bursal disease and, 196 lesions with, 124-25 live vaccination for, 129 LPAI and, 111 LT and, 129 lyophilization with, 119 MABs with, 119-20 MG and, 818 morbidity with, 124 morphology of, 118 mortality from, 124 MS and, 845 Mycoplasma spp. and, 1256 NO and, 129 nephritis and, 125 passive immunity with, 126 pathogenesis of, 121-26 pH stability with, 119 protective types of, ]89 REV and, 578 RT-PCRs for, 127-28 serology for, 128-29 SPF and, 121 spray vaccination for, 130 strain classification of, 119 thennostability with, 119 trachea and, 126 transmission of, 123 TVP and, 1216 vaccination for, 122, 129-30 virus replication with, 118 VN with, 118, 126 Infectious bursal disease (IBD), 3, 6,17, 185-200 active immunity with, 195-96 adenovirus and, 252

adenovirus group I and, 256 AGPT for, 192 antigenicity of, 188-89 bordetellosis and, 774 CAM and, 189, 197 carriers of, 192 CEF and, 187, 191 chemical agents and, 188 chemical composition of, 186-87 in chickens, 189, 1262 CIA and, 219, 226-21 clinical signs of, 192 CMI with, 196 coccidiosis and, 197, 1069 colibacillosis and, 196 diagnosis of, 197-98 differential diagnosis for, 197-98 E. coli and, 185 EID and, 195 ELISA for, 195, 198 epidemiology and, 191-97 etiology of, 185-90 FA and, 195 GD and, 185,887 genetic resistance to, 68-69 in guinea fowl, 191 hemorrhage with, 192, 192f, 193, 198 hemorrhagic-aplastic anemia and, 196 history of, 185 hosts for, 191-92 IgM and, 196 immunity with, 195-96 immunosuppression with, 196-97 inactivated vaccination for, 199 inclusion body hepatitis and, 196 incubation period for, 192 infectious bronchitis and, 196 iodine and, 188 laboratory hosts for, 189-90 lesions with, 192-95 live vaccination for, 199 LT and, 196 maternal immunity with, 199 MO and, 196,462,472 morbidity with, 192 morphology of, 185-86 mortality with, 192 passive immunity with, 196 pathobiology of, 191-97 pathogenesis of, 195 pathogenicity of, 189 pathology of, 192-95 in pheasants, 191 physical agents and, 188 pox and, 19 prevention of, 198

INDEX. 1303

protective types of, 189 Quats and, 188 RFLP for, 189 RT-PCR for, 189, 197 Salmonella spp. and, 196 serology with, 198 Staphylococcus spp. and, 894 strain classification of, 188-89 temporal distribution of, 24t thymus and, 193, 194 transmission of, 192 treatment for, 198 vaccination for, 18, 199-200 failure of, 22 virus replication with, 187-88 VN for, 188 water deprivation and, 197-98 Infectious catarrhal enteritis. See Hexamitiasis Infectious coryza (IC), 789-98 age and, 794 antibiotics for, 798 antigenicity of, 791-92 biochemical properties of, 790-91 carbon dioxide and, 790 carriers of, 794 chemical agents and, 791 in chickens, 793-94 classification of, 789-90 clinical signs of, 794 conjunctivitis with, 795f depopulation and, 10 diagnosis of, 796-97 diarrhea with, 794 differential diagnosis for, 797 distribution of, 793 economic significance of, 789 epizootiology of, 793-96 erythromycin for, 798 etiology of, 789-93 growth requirements of, 790 HA and, 795-96 HI for, 797 history of, 789 bosts of, 793-94 immunity with, 792, 795-96 inactivated vaccination for, 798 incidence of, 793 incubation period of, 794 intervention for, 797-98 lesions with, 794-95 MG and, 818 morbidity with, 794 morphology of, 790 mortality with, 794 necropsy and, 39

oxytetracycline for, 798 pathobiology of, 793-96 pathogenicity of, 793 pathology of, 794-95 PCR for, 792-93, 796 physical agents and, 791 public health significance of, 789 serology for, 797 SHS and, 794 strain classification of, 791-93 sulfonamides for, 798 transmission of, 794 treatment for, 798 vaccination for, 792, 797-98 virulence factors of, 793 water and, 13 Infectious laryngotracheitis. See Laryngotracheitis Infectious myocarditis. See Goose parvovirus Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus ([PNV), [85 Infectious process. See Colifonn cellulitis Infectious serositis. See Riemerella anatipestifer Infectious sinusitis. See Mycoplasma gallisepticum Inflammatory process. See Coliform cellulitis Influenza. See Avian influenza Infra-orbital sinus, adenoma of, 604-5 Innate immunity, 48-50 In~OvoCox, 1080 In ovo vaccination, 20 Insecticides, 1014, 1020-21 toxicity with, 1243-44 Insects. See also Arthropods; Mosquitos beetles, 1014-15 campylobacteriosis and, 676-77 chlamydiosis and, 977-78 colibacillosis and, 703 control of, 25 FC and, 747 flies, 1011-14 as infection source, 17-18 NE and, 873 REV and, 573-74 Salmonella spp. and, 643 Insertional mutagenesis, 518 Integrated pest management (lPM), 1020 Integumentary system, 1181 hemangiopericytoma of, 609-10 lipoma of, 610 liposarcoma of, 610 neoplastic diseases of, 609-10

Interferon (IFN), 281 with viral arthritis, 316 Interferon-a OFN-a), 223, 479 MD and, 482 Interferon-8 (IFN-8), 163 Interferon--y (lFN--y), 52, 55, 223 Interferon-"- (lFN-"-), 479, 481, 484, 627 Interleukin-I (lL·I), 52, 223, 481, 626 Interleukin-2 (lL-2), 52 Interleukin-4 (IL-4), 52 Interleukin-5 (IL-5), 52 Interleukin-6 (lL-6), 281, 479, 481, 626 Interleukin-8 (lL-8), 481 Interleukin-IO (IL-IO), 52 Interleukin-12 (lL-12), 52, 481 Interleukin-18 (IL-18), 52, 479, 481 Intermediate body (IB), 972 Internal layer, 1180 Intemational Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (lCTV), 251, 453 on US, 516 Intemational Control Policies, 89 International Hatchery Practice, 3 International Poultry Tribune, 3 Intracellular mature virus (lMV), 293 Intra-cutaneous keratinizing epithelioma, 61O,611f Intussusception, lin Invasins, 699 Iodine, 28, 1139-40, 1237 for CIA, 215 for infectious bursal disease, 188 for Salmonella spp., 637 Iodophor, 28, 144 Ionophore antibiotics, 1233 IP. See Immunoperoxidase IPM. See Integrated pest management IPNY. See Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus Iron, I 14Q-41 toxicity with, 1241 Isoniazid, 948 Israel turkey meningoencephalitis (IT), 414,418-19 carriers of, 418 CEF and, 419 clinical signs of, 418-19 diagnosis of, 419 differential diagnosis for, 419 distribution of, 418 EEE and, 419 history of, 418 HJ and, 419 HPAI and, 419 incidence of, 418 laboratory hosts for, 418

1304 • INDEX

Israel turkey meningoencephalitis (IT) (continued)

lesions with, 418-19 myocarditis with, 418 NO and, 419 pathogenesis of, 418 pathology of, 418-19 peritonitis with, 418 RT-PCR for, 419 transmission of, 418 vaccination for, 419 IT. See Israel turkey meningoencephalitis Itraconazole, 998 Ivennectin, 1236

J Jimsonweed, 1248 Josamycin, 840 Journal ofApplied Poultry Research, 3

Journals, 3

K Kanamycin, 759 for Borrelia spp., 955 for cblamydiosis, 973 K antigens, 694 Kauffinann-White schema, 638 K disease, 402 Keratoconjunctivitis, 11 Killing birds carbon dioxide for, 35 with cervical dislocation, 35 with electrocution, 35 Kinky Back. See Spondylolisthesis Klebsiella spp., 956 KMn04 • See Potassium pennanganate Kojic acid, 1212 Korean fowl plague. See Newcastle disease Kunitachi viruses, 110

L LA. See Latex agglutination Laboratories, as infection source, 17 .A Lahoratory Manual for Isolation and Identification ofAvian Pathogens.

33,39 Lactic acid, for Salmonella spp., 637 Lactobacillus spp., 715 Lactococcus spp., 957 Lactose, 682 Lancefield groups, 900, 903 Larder beetle, 1015 L-arginine, 1166 Larvicides, 1021 Laryngotracheitis (Ln, 137-46, 174

active inununity with, 142 aspergillosis and, 994 Aspergillus spp. and, 144 breeding flocks and, vaccination for, 146 bursectomization and, 142 CAM and, 142 carriers of, 140 chemical agents and, 138 chemical composition of, 137-38 classification of, 137 clinical signs of, 141 CMI with, 142 cresols for, 138 cyclophosphamide and, 142 depopulation and, 10 diagnosis of, 142-44 differential diagnosis for, 144 distribution of, 140 dyspnea with, 141f ELISA for, 142, 144 EM for, 142 epizootiology of, 140-42 eradication of, 146 etiology of, 137-40 HE and, 282 history of, 137 hosts of, 139-40 humoral immunity with, 142 inununity with, 142 inactivated vaccination for, 145 incidence of, 140 incubation period of, 140 infectious bronchitis and, 129 infectious bursal disease and, 196 intervention for, 144-46 IP for, 142 lesions with, 141 live vaccination for, 18, 145 LPAI and, 171 morbidity with, 141 morphology of, 137 mortality with, 141 passive inununity with, 142 pathobiologyof, 140-42 pathogenesis of, 139, 141-42 pathology of, 141 PCR for, 139, 142 in pheasants, 140 physical agents and, 138 pox and, 300 reporting of, 32 serology for, 144 strain classification of, 139 transmission of, 140 vaccination for, 137, 144-46

of broiler chickens, 146 virus replication with, 138 VN for, 144 Lasalocid, 876, 1079, 120] La Sota fonn, ofND, 90 Late paralysis (LP), 481 Latex. agglutination (LA), 982 Lawsonia spp., 957 LD. See Linkage disequilibrium Lead, 1238-40, 1239£, 1240£ Leiomyoma, 599, 599f of gizzard, 603f of musculoskeletal system, 611~12 Leiomyosarcoma, 611-12 Leucaena leucophenala. 1248 Leucocytozoon caulleryi. 1107-8

Leucocytozoonosis, 1105-8 Leucocytozoon sabrezi, 1108 Leucocytozoon schoutedeni, 1108 Leucocytozoon simondi, 1105-6 Leucocytozoon smithi, It 06--7

"The Leucosis of Fowls and Leucemia Problems" (Ellermann), 516 Leukemia, 515-16 Leukocidin, 893 Leukosis/sarcoma (US), 514-53, 518f. See also Avian leukosis viruses chemical agents and, 523 in chickens, 529 classification of, 516 clinical signs of, 531 differential diagnosis for, 548-51 etiology of, 516-28 genetics and, 517f hosts of, 529 incubation period of, 530-31 laboratory hosts for, 525-26 MD and, 516 morphology of, 516-17 neoplasms of, 515t pathogenicity of, 524-25 pathology of, 531-44 physical agents and, 523 serology for, 548 strain classification of, 523-25 tests for, 548t transmission of, 529-30 tumor transplants with, 516 virus replication of, 519-21 Levamiso1e, 1052, 1235 Leydig cell tumors, 602 LI. See Lysine-iron Libyostrongylus douglass;;, 1033

Lice, 34, 415,1018 Ligaments, 1159-60 Light chain, 52

INDEX. 1305

Light-dark exposure, 1271 Lignosol,1241 Lillian's lovebirds, 238 Lily of the Valley, 1248 Lincomycin, 43 for AIS, 934 for MG, 821 forMM,84O for MS, 851 for NE, 875-76 for RA, 759 for Staphylococcus spp., 896 Lindane, 1243 Linkage disequilibrium (LO), 61-62 Linkage, genetics and, 61-62 Lipase, 893 Lipoma, 610 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS), 926 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 638, 694 Liposarcoma, of integument, 610 Listeria spp., 957 Litter aspergillosis and, 995 coliform cellulitis and, 734 dactylariosis and, 1006 E. coli and, 713 in feed, 12 NE and, 873 removal of, 25-26 reusing of, 27 Salmonella spp. in, 638 toxicity with, 1241 UE and, 870 waterers and, 12 Little house fly, 1012-13 Livacox, 1080 Live-bird markets, as infection source, 16, 16f Livestock and Livestock Building Pest Management. 30

Live vaccination, 18-20 for AB, 438 for bordetellosis, 783 characteristics of, 19t for colibacillosis, 713 for DVE, 390 for Fe, 750 generation methods for, 191 for infectious bronchitis, 129 for infectious bursal disease. 199 for LT, 18, 145 for MO, 18 for MG, 818-21 for ND, 91-92. 91t for aRT, 770 for pox, 18

for RA, 762 for Salmonella spp., 650-51 LL. See Lymphoid leukosis Local immunity, with ND, 86 Long-segmented filamentous organisms (LSFOs),957-58 Long terminal repeat (LTR), 518 LOS. See Lipooligosaccharides Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI), 158 airsacculitis with, 168 chlamydiosis and, 171 clinical signs of, 167-68 conjunctivitis with, 168 infectious bronchitis and, 171 LT and, 171 mycoplasma and, 171 ND and, 171 pathology of, 168 pericarditis with, 168 sinusitis with, 168 vaccination for, 173 LP. See Late paralysis LPAI. See Low pathogenicity avian influenza LPO. See Lymphoproliferative disease LPM systems, 164 LPNAI. See LP notifiable avian influenza LP notifiable avian influenza (LPNAI), 153 LPS. See Lipopolysaccharide US. See Leukosis/sarcoma LSFOs. See Long-segmented filamentous organisms LT. See Laryngotracheitis LTR. See Long terminal repeat Lungs adenocarcinoma of, 605, 605f cartilaginous nodules of, 1170, 1171f osseous nodules of, 1170, 1171f TB in, 946f Lymphoblastoid cell lines, 464-65 Lymphoblasts, 220 Lymphocytosis, 395 Lymphodegenerative syndromes, 488 ofMO, 467t, 476-77 Lymphoid leukosis (LL), 487, 514, 518, 528, 532f in chickens, 532 chronic neoplasia and, 579 differential diagnosis for, 549-50 erythroblastosis and, 551 genetic resistance to, 545 MD and, 549-50

REV and, 549-50 tumor transplants with, 534 Lymphoma with MO, 472, 474-75, 480 in pheasants, 576 in quail, 576 Lymphopoietic system, 449 Lymphoproliferative disease (LPO), 450, 467t Lymphosarcomatosis, 515 Lyophilization, with infectious bronchitis, 119 Lysine-iron (LI), 628

M MABs. See Monoclonal antibodies MAC. See Mycobacterium avium complex Macrolides, 821 Macrophages, 48 immunity and, 54-55 MD and, 483 Macrorhabdosis, 1008 Maduramicin, 876 Magnesium, 1137 toxicity from, 1237 MAIG. See Mycobacterium avium intracellulare group Major histocompatability complex (MHe), 47, 50 coccidiosis and, 68 coliform cellulitis and, 733 genetics and, 63 MD and, 66, 453, 481, 490 NE and, 874 REV and, 577 Staphylococcus spp. and, 894 Major outer membrane protein (MOMP), 973-74,983 Malabsorption syndrome (MAS), 324 Malathion, 1244 Manganese, 1139 Mannitol, 693 Mannose-oligosaccharide, 682 Marble spleen disease (MSD), 251, 276 Marek 'disease. An evolving problem, 452

Marek, Jozsef, 452, 453

s

Marek Disease, 452

Marek's disease (MO), 17,60,452-92. See also Multicentric histiocytosis ADCC and, 483 AE and, 437 age and, 471 AGPT for, 486 ALV and, 487 biosecurity for, 490

1306 • INDEX Marek's disease (MO) (continued) blindness with, 470 botulism and, 883 in broiler chickens, 453, 472 CAM and, 464 carriers of, 469 CEF and, 481, 485 chemical agents and, 463 chemical composition of, 454-57 chicken nonbursallymphoma and, 575 in chickens, 452, 464 chronic neoplasia and, 579-80 CIA and, 224, 462, 472, 484 CK for, 485 clinical signs of, 470 CMI with, 479, 480-81, 483-84 CNS and, 467t, 477 coccidiosis and, 472, 1069 combs and, 472 cryptosporidiosis and, 472 cytokines and, 479 DEF for, 485 diagnosis of, 485-88 differential diagnosis for, 487-394 disinfectants for, 463 distribution of, 468 DNA and, 454-61 DNA probes for, 486 economic significance of, 452 EUSA for, 486 EM for, 454, 486 epidemiology of, 466-72 etiology of, 453--66 FA for, 485 FFE and, 469, 475, 480 IT and, 628 genetic resistance to, 66--67 genetics and, 489-90 HE and, 282 history of, 453 hosts of, 468--69 hwnans and, 452 humoral immunity with, 483 HVT and, 484, 489 IFN-a and, 482 IgO and, 477 IgM and, 483, 487 immunity with, 482-85 immunoevasion with, 484 immunosuppression with, 484-85 incidence of, 468 incubation period of, 469-70 infectious bursal disease and, 196, 462,472 intervention for, 488-90 laboratory hosts for, 464-66

live vaccination for, 18 LL and, 549-50 US and, 516 Iymphodegenerative syndromes of, 4671, 476-77 lymphoma with, 472, 474-75, 480 macrophages and, 483 management of, 490 maternal immunity with, 471 MHC and, 66, 453, 481, 490 morbidity with, 470-71 morphology of, 454 mortality with, 470-71 multicentric histiocytosis and, 592 NK and, 483 NO and, 482-83 ORF and, 457 paralysis with, 470, 470f, 471f pathobiology of, 466-72 pathogenesis of, 478-82 pathology of, 472-85 pathotyping of, 487 PCR for, 486 PD and, 628 in pheasants, 469 physical agents and, 463 public health significance of, 452 in quail, 468--69 REV and, 472, 487, 578 scientific significance of, 452-53 serology for, 463 SPF and, 461, 481, 488 Staphylococcus spp. and, 894 strain classification of, 463--64 stress and, 472 transmission of, 469 tumor transplants and, 478 in turkeys, 469 vaccination for, 5, 20, 318, 453, 488-89 failure of, 22 vascular syndromes of, 467t, 477-78 viral markers with, 485-86 virus replication of, 237, 461--63 virus vectors of, 461 VN for, 486 wattles and, 472

MarekS Disease: Scientific Basis and Methods ofControl, 452 MAS. See Malabsorption syndrome Mastadenovirus spp., 251 Master Seed, 90 MAT. See Microagglutination test Maternal immunity, 6 with bordetellosis, 782 with CIA, 223

with infectious bursal disease, 199 with MD, 471 with rotavirus, 346-47 with WNV, 421 Maternally-derived antibody (MDA), 126 Maternal transfer, of inununity, 54 MATSA. See MD tumor-associated surface antigen mCCDA. See Modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar MD. See Marek's disease MDA. See Maternally·derived antibody MDPV See Muscovy duck parvovirus MDT. See Mean death time MD tumor-associated surface antigen (MATSA),462, 575 Mean death time (MDT), 87 Meat birds leg problems with., 11 nutrition for, 5 Meat meal, 7 Mebendazole, 1053, 1235 Medications. See also Antibiotics; Chemotherapy; Vaccination for aspergillosis, 998 for coccidiosis, 12, 14 in feed, 13,33,42 resistance to, 1079 forTB,942 in water, 13,42 Megabacteria. See Macrorhabdosis Melanoma, 607-8 of eyes, 608

Melopsittacus undulates, 406 Meningitis, 709 with RA, 758 Meningoencephalomyelitis, 532 Mercury, 1240, 1242 Mesosalpinx, 599 Mesothelioma, of peritoneum, 605 Metasul. See Nitrophenide Methane, 1245 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas (MRSA), 892 Methionine, 1175 toxicity of, 1236 Methyl mercaptan, 1245 Metroliasthes l~ida, 1063 Metronidazole, 1094 for botulism, 883

MG. See Mycoplasma galIisepticum MHC. See Major histocompatability complex Mice, 1021 Miconazole, 998

INDEX. 1307

Microagglutination test (MAT), 629, 671 for bordetellosis, 783 Microphthalmia, 1179

Microsporum gallinae, 1004-5 Milkweed, 1248 Mimosine, 1248 Mini-IT viruses (TIMV), 209 Mirex, 1243 Mites, 34, 415,1015-18 Mixed species, as infection source, 16 MLEE. See Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis MM. See Mycoplasma meleagridis Modified charcoal cefoperazone deox:ycholate agar (mCCDA), 679 Mold. See Fungal infections Molecular markers, 63-64 Molluscacides, 1245 MQMP. See Major outer membrane protein Monensin, 715, 876, 1079 Moniliasis. See Candidiasis Moniliformin, 1201 Monoclonal antibodies (MABs), 79 AIS and, 932 aMPVand, 102 APMV-2 and, 111 APMV-3 and, 11 I aspergillosis and, 991-92 chlamydiosis and, 981 coccidiosis and, 1080 infectious bronchitis and, 119-20 viral arthritis and, 316 Monocrotophos, 1244 Mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), 626 Moraxella spp., 958 Mosquitos, 415 avian malaria and, 1108 REV and, 573-74 WNV and, 4 Ill-20 Mouse bioassay, 882 M protein, 118 MPS. See Mononuclear phagocyte system MRSA. See Methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus aureas MS. See Mycoplasma synoviae MSD. See Marble spleen disease Mud fever. See Thrkey coronavirus enteritis Muguet. See Candidiasis Multicentric histiocytosis, 591-92 CEF and, 592 diagnosis of, 592 etiology of, 592

histopathology of, 592 lesions with, 592 MD and, 592 PeR for, 592 Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), 695, 744 for AIS, 927, 933 Muscles, 1161--63 Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), 367, 397-402 age and, 399 carriers of, 399 chemical agents and, 398 chemical composition of, 397 classification of, 397 clinical signs of, 399 CMf with, 400 CPE with, 400 diagnosis of, 400-402 differential diagnosis for, 401-2 distribution of, 398-99 DNA probes for, 401 ELISA for, 401 EM for, 401 epidemiology of, 398--400 etiology of, 397-98 history of, 397 hosts for, 399 IF for, 401 immunity with, 400 inactivated vaccination for, 402 incidence of, 398-99 incubation period of, 399 intervention for, 402 1P for, 401 laboratory hosts for, 398 lesions with, 399-400 morbidity with, 399 morphology of, 397 mortality with, 399 pathobiology of, 398--400 pathogenesis of, 400 pathology of, 399-400 PCR for, 401 RFLP for, 401 serology for, 40 I strain classification of, 398 transmission of, 399 vaccination for, 402 virus replication of, 397-98 Musculoskeletal system. See also

Mycoplasma meleagridis leiomyosarcoma of, 611-12 neoplastic diseases of, 611-13 Mutant vaccination, for colibacillosis,

714

Mycobacterium spp., 958. See also Thberculosis

Mycobacterium avium complex: (MAC), 942

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare group (MAIO), 942 Mycoplasma spp., 102 depopulation and, 10 eggs and, 6 egg temperature and, 6 FT and, 628 in geese, 863 IBYand, 1256 LPAI and, 171 ND and, 1256 PD and, 628 PRY! and, 406 in pigeons, 863 reporting of, 32 Staphylococcus spp. and, 896 vacuum machines and, 6 viral artluitis and, 316

Mycoplasma Mycoplasma Mycoplasma Mycoplasma

anseris, 863 cloacale, 863 gaIIinarum, 862--63 gallisepticum (MG),

807-21 airsacculitis and, 807 antibiotics for, 818, 821 antigenicity of, 810 antigenic structure of, 809-10 biochemical properties of, 809 biosecurity with, 818 carriers of, 812-13 chemical agents and, 809 in chickens, 813, 814 classification of, 808 clinical signs of, 813 CMI with, 816 conjunctivitis and, 813 CTC for, 821 diagnosis of, 817-18 differential diagnosis for, 818 dihydrostreptomycin for, 821 disinfectants and, 809 E. coli and, 807 economic significance of, 808 ELISA for, 818 EM and, 808 epizootiology of, 811-17 erythromycin for, 821 etiology of, 808-11 Fe and, 818 FQ for, 821 growth requirements of, 808 HI for, 818

1308 • INDEX

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) (continued)

history of, 808 hosts of, 811-12 ICand, 818 immunity with, 816---17 immunogenicity of, 810 incubation period of, 813 infectious bronchitis and, 818 intervention for, 818-21 lesions with, 814-15 lincomycin for, 821 live vaccination for, 818-21 MM and, 838 morbidity with, 813-14 morphology of, 808 mortality with, 813-14 NO and, 818 ORT and, 818 oxytetracycline for, 821 pathobiology of, 811-17 pathogenesis of, 815-16 pathogenicity of, 811 pathology of, 814-15 PCR for, 817 penicillin and, 821 physical agents and, 809 serology for, 817-18 SPAT for, 817-18 spectinomycin for, 821 strain classification of, 810-11 streptomycin for, 821 TA for, 817 temperature and, 809 tetracycline for, 821 transmission of, 812-13 treatment for, 821 in turkeys, 813, 814 tylosin for, 821 vaccination for, 818-21 virulence factors of, 811 Mycoplasma imitans, 862 Mycoplasma iowae, 856-60

antigenicity of, 857 antigenic structure of, 857 biochemical properties of, 857 CAM and, 858 carbon dioxide and, 856 carriers of, 858 chemical agents and, 857 cholesterol and, 856---57 classification of, 856 clinical signs of, 858 diagnosis of, 859 differential diagnosis for, 859 disinfectants and, 857

distribution of, 857-58 ELISA for, 859 enrofloxacin and, 860 epizootiology of, 857-59 etiology of, 856-57 growth requirements of, 856-57 history of, 856 hosts of, 858 immunity with, 859 immunogenicity of, 857 incidence of, 857-58 incubation period of, 858 intervention for, 859--60 lesions with, 858 morphology of, 856 oxytetracycline and, 860 pathobiology of, 857-59 pathogenesis of, 858-59 pathogenicity of, 857 pathology of, 858 physical agents and, 857 serology for, 859 strain classification of, 857 temperature and, 856 tenosynovitis and, 859 transmission of, 858 treatment for, 860 tylosin and, 860 Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM), 834-41,

1161 active immunity with, 838 airsacculitis and, 834, 837 antibiotics for, 840--41 antigenic structure of, 835 biochemical properties of, 835 chemical agents and, 835 clinical signs of, 836--37 diagnosis of, 838 differential diagnosis for, 838 economic significance of, 834 epizootiology of, 835-39 eradication of, 840 etiology of, 834-35 gentamicin for, 840 growth requirements of, 834 HI for, 838 history of, 834 hosts of, 835 immunity with, 838-39 intervention for, 840--41 IP for, 850 lesions with, 837-38 lincomycin for, 840 MG and, 838 morbidity with, 836-37 morphology of, 834

mortality with, 836---37 NPIP and, 840 passive inununity with, 838 pathobiology of, 835-39 pathology of, 837-38 physical agents and, 835 serology for, 838 spectinomycin for, 840 strain classification of, 835 synovitis and, 837 TA for, 838 temperature and, 834, 840 transmission of. 835-36 treatment for, 840-4 I tylosin for, 840 vaccination for, 840 Mycoplasma pullorum, 863 Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), 845, 1153

airsacculitis and, 847 antibiotics for, 851 antigenic structure of, 846--47 biochemical properties of, 846 breast blisters with, 850 chemical agents and, 846 in chickens, 848 classification of, 845 combs and, 850 CTC for, 851 diagnosis of, 850 differential diagnosis for, 850 disinfectants and, 846 ELISA for, 846, 850 enrofloxacin for, 851 epizootiology of, 847-50 etiology of, 845-47 growth requirements of, 845-46 HI for, 846, 850 history of, 845 hosts of, 847 immunity with, 849-50 inactivated vaccination for, 851 incubation period of, 847-48 infectious bronchitis and, 845 intervention for, 850-51 lincomycin for, 851 morbidity with, 848 morphology of, 845 mortality with, 848 NAD and, 845 NO and, 845 ox.ytetracycline for, 851 pathobiology of, 847-50 pathogenesis of, 849 pathology of, 848-49 PCR for. 846, 850 physical agents and, 846

INDEX. 1309

RT·PCR for, 846 serology for, 850 SPAT for, 846, 850 spectinomycin for, 851 strain classification of, 847 synovitis and, 848 temperature and, 846 tetracycline for, 851 tiamulin for, 851 transmission of, 847 in turkeys, 848 tylosin for, 851 vaccination for, 851 virulence factors of, 847 Mycoplasmosis, 783,805--63,997. See also Mycoplasma

classification of, 805--6 Mycotic pneumonia. See Aspergillosis Mycotoxicoses, 1197-1214 diagnosis of, 1212-13 feed and, 1213 humans and, 1214 prevention of, 1213 public health significance of, 1214 treatment for, 1213 TVP and, 1276

vitamin C for, 1213 vitamin E for, 1213 Myeloblastosis, 536, 536f, 548 differential diagnosis of, 551 erythroblastosis and, 550 Myelocytomatosis, 449, 531, 536-37 differential diagnosis of, 551 Myocarditis, with IT, 418 Myxoma, 540 Myxosarcoma, 540, 541 f

National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAllLN), 89 National Poultry Improvement Plan

(NPIP), 620, 629-30, 649 MM and, 840 Natural killer cells (NK), 48 immunity and, 54 MD and, 483 rotavirus and, 346 Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein I (NRAMP1), 67

NO. See Newcastle disease NOV-AI-H5 vaccines, 174 NE. See Necrotic enteritis Necropsy, 35-40, 37f brain removal in, 38, 39f Campylobacter spp. and, 38 coccidiosis and, 38 fungal infections and, 38

Ie and, 39 incineration and, 40 Necrotic dermatitis. See Gangrenous dermatitis Necrotic enteritis (NE), 865, 872-76 active immunity with, 875 ampicillin for, 875 antibiotics for, 875--76 bacitracin for, 875-76 carriers of, 873 CE with, 875 in chickens, 872 clinical signs of, 873 coccidiosis and, 1069 diagnosis of, 874-75 differential diagnosis of, 875 dust and, 873

N

DYE and, 390

NA. See Neuraminidase N-acetylglucosamine, 893 N-acetylneuraminic acid, 154 NAD. See Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADP. See Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NAHLN. See National Animal Health Laboratory Network Nakanuke, 574 NaOCI. See Sodium hypochlorite Naphthalene, 1246 Narasin, 876, 1079 Nasal drop vaccination, 21 NASS. See National Agricultural Statistics Service National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS),23

economic significance of, 872 ELISA for, 875 epizootiology of, 873-74 etiology of, 872-73 feces and, 873 growth requirements of, 873 HE and, 874 history of, 872 hosts of, 873 humans and, 872 insects and, 873 intervention for, 875-76 lesions with, 873-74 lincomycin for, 875~76 litter and, 873 MHC and, 874 morphology of, 872 oxytetracycline for, 875

passive immunity with, 875 pathobiology of, 873-74 pathogenesis of, 874 peR for, 875 penicillin for, 875-76 prebiotics for, 875 probiotics for, 875 public health significance of, 872 strain classification of, 872 transmission of, 873 tylosin for, 875-76 UE and, 869, 875 vaccination for, 875 Neisseria spp., 958 chlamydiosis and, 974 Nematodes, 1025-54 of cecum, 1041-46 chickens and, 1026t of crop, 1046 development of, 1028 of esophagus, 1046 of eyes, 1048 of gizzard, 1046 morphology of, 1027 of respiratory system, 1046-48 of small intestine, 1036-41 in tissues, 1049-51 of upper digestive tract, 1028-36 wild birds and, 1027t Neomycin, 43 for AIS, 934 for ORT, 771 for RA, 759 Neoplastic diseases, 449--613. See also Dermal squamous cell carcinoma; Leukosis/sarcoma; Marek's disease; Multicentric histiocytosis; Reticuloendotheliosis virus of CUhS, 610-11 of digestive system, 602-5 of endocrine system, 609 ofintegumnent,609-10 of musculoskeletal system, 611-13 of nervous sysurrn, 606-8 of ovaries, 595--601 of respiratory system, 605--6 TB and, 947 of testis, 601-2 of urinary system, 605 Nephritis. See also Avian nephritis virus; Hemorrhagic nephritis enteritis of geese infectious bronchitis and, 125 Nephroblastoma, 538-40, 539f Nephroma, 538-40 Nephrosis, 197-98

1310 • INDEX

Nesting material eggs and, 7 feces in, 7 Neuraminidase (NA), 78,158,160 for EOS, 267 immunity to, 173 Neuritis. See Marek's Disease Neurolymphomatosis, 450 Neurolymphomatosis gallinarurn. See Marek's Disease Neuroma, 60Sf beak trimming and, 607 of peripheral nerves, 607 Neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease (NVND),75 Newcastle disease (NO), 14,75-93 active immunity with, 86 AE and, 437 aMPV and, 102, 106 arizonosis and, 670 Beach's form of, 75 Beaudette's form of, 75 biologic properties of, 78 bordetellosis and, 783 chemical composition of, 77-78 chickens and, 79-80 clinical signs of, 84-85 cockfighting and, 84 colibacillosis and, 707 diagnosis of, 86-89 distribution of, 82 DNA vaccination for, 20 Doyle's form of, 75 DYE and, 390 economic significance of, 76 ELISA for, 88 epizootiology of, 82-86 erysipelas and, 917 genetics of, 79 HE and, 281, 282 history of, 77 Hitchner's form of, 76, 90 humoral immunity with, 86 immunity with, 86 immunosuppression with, 86 incidence of, 82 incubation period for, 84 infectious bronchitis and, 129 intervention strategies for, 89-93 IT and, 419 La Sota form of, 90 lesions with, 85-86 live vaccination for, 91-92, 91t local immunity with, 86 LPAI and, 171 MG and, 818

morphology of, 77 MS and, 845 Mycoplasma spp. and, 1256 passive immunity with, 86 pathobiology of, 82-86 pathogenicity of, 80-82 pathology of, 85-86 PHVI and, 407 pox and, 19 public health significance of, 76-77 QB and, 289 RBCs and, 78 reporting of, 32 Roakin form of, 90 sinusitis and, 818 spread of, 83-84 strain classification of, 79 transmission of, 83 vaccination for, 90-93, 224 virus replication with, 78 New duck disease. See Riemerella anatipestifer New gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV),370 NFZ. See Nitrofurazone NOVEY. See New gosling viral enteritis virus Niacin. See Nicotinic acid Nicarb. See Nicarbazin Nicarbazin (Nicarb), 1079-80, 1234 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), 805, 1133 MS and, 845 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), 1133 Nicotine, 1244 Nicotinic acid (Niacin), 784, 1133 Nidovirales spp., 361 Nightshade, 1248 Nipple drinkers, 13 Nitarsone, 1094, 1235 Nitrate, 1241, 1248 Nitrazol. See Dimetridazole Nitric oxide (NO), 55 astrovirus and, 353 MD and, 482-83 Nitrite, 1241 Nitrofurans for Enterococcus spp., 906 toxicity from, 1232 Nitrofurazone (NFZ), 1233 Nitroimidazole, 1094, 1100 Nitrophenide (Metasul), 1234 Nitrovin, 876 NK. See Natural killer cells NO. See Nitric oxide

Nobilis, 1080 Nocardia spp., 958 Nonfat dried milk, with vaccination, 13 Northern fowl mites (Ornithonyssus sy/viarum), 34, 1015-16, 1016f Norway rat, 1021, 1022f Novobiocin. 752 for Enterococcus spp., 906 for RA, 759 for Staphylococcus spp., 896 for Streptococcus spp., 903 NPIP. See National Poultry Improvement Plan N protein, 123 NRAMPI. See Natural resistanceassociated macrophage protein 1 Nucleoprotein, 161 AI and, 170 Numida meleagris. 102 Nur77,214 Nursing care, 32-33 Nutrition. See also Feed AlS and, 928-29 for breeder flock, 5-6 daily restriction and, 5-6 disease from, 3,1121-43 8DS and, 1168 skip-a-day feeding and, 5-6 Nutritional Requirements of Poultry (National Research Council), 5 NVND. See Neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease

Nymphicus hollandicus. 406 Nystatin, 679 for aspergillosis, 998 for candidiasis, 1003-4

o Oak, 1248 Oakwood Agent, 1271 antigens, 694 Obesity adenovirus and, 252 in breeder flocks, 5 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), on formaldehyde, 29 Ochratoxins, 1208-9 CMI and, 1209 coccidiosis and, 1209 colibacillosis and, 1209 Salmonella spp. and, 1209 Octanol, 868 Oerskovia spp., 958 OHY. See Owl herpesvirus Oidiomycosis. See Candidiasis

o

INDEX. 1311

Oil, 1246 Oleander, 1249 Omphalitis,691,703-4,993 Staphylococcus spp. and, 893t Oncicola canis, 1053 Oncogene, 570 Onions, 1249 Oosporein, 1210-11 Open reading frmne (ORF), 139, 146 with astrovirus, 35 I with circovirus, 238 REV and, 442 MD and, 457 Ophthabnitis, 668f, 993-94 Ophthalmopathy, 1180 Opisthotonos, with arizonosis, 668 Optic nerve hypoplasia, 1179 Orchitis, 691, 707 ORE See Open reading frame Organochloride insecticide, 1243 Organophosphates, 1235-36 Organophosphorus insecticides, 1243-44 Ormetoprim, 762 Ornithine, 621 Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), 100, 102, 765-71 AFLP for, 766 amoxicillin for, 771 ampicillin for, 771 antibiotics and, 770 biochemical properties of, 766 in breeder flock, 768 in broiler chickens, 767 carriers of, 767 chemical agents and, 766 classification of, 765 clinical signs of, 767-68 diagnosis of, 768-70 differential diagnosis for, 770 economic significance of, 765 ELISA for, 766, 770 epizootiology of, 767-68 erythromycin for, 771 etiology of, 765-67 growth requirements of, 765--66 history of, 765 hosts of, 767 IF for, 769 immunity with, 768 incubation period of, 767 intervention for, 770-71 live vaccination for, 770 MG and, 818 morphology of, 765 neomycin for, 771 passive immunity with, 768

pathobiology of, 767-68 pathogenicity of, 767 pathology of, 768 peR for, 766, 769 penicillin for, 771 physical agents and, 766 sarafloxacin for, 771 serology for, 769-70 spectinomycin for, 771 strain classification of, 76fJ-Q7 tetracycline for, 771 transmission of, 767 treatment for, 770-71 tylosin for, 771 vaccination for, 770 Ornithonyssus sylviarum. See Northern fowl mites Ornithosis. See Chlamydiosis Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus, 1041 ORT. See Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Orthoboric acid, 1241 Orthodichlorobenzene,215 Orthomyxoviridae spp., 153,367 Orthoretroviranae spp., 569 Osseous nodules, of lungs, 1170, 1171f Osteoarthritis, 709-10 Osteochondrosis, 1160 Osteoma, 540-42, 612 Osteomycosis, 993 Osteomyelitis, 691 Staphylococcus spp. and, 893t, 895 Osteopetrosis, 226, 450, 525, 531, 542-43,542f differential diagnosis of, 551 Osteoporosis, 1156--57 Osteosarcoma, 612 of eyes, 608 Ostriches, 167 adenovirus in, 259--60 HPAI and, 168 reovirus in, 326 Outside runs, sanitation of, 26 Ovaries adenocarcinoma of, 595-97, 596f arrhenoblastoma of, 597-98 arrhenoma of, 597-98, 599f disease transmission with, 16 granulosa-theca cell tumor of, 597, 598f neoplastic diseases of, 595--601 Sertoli cell tumors of, 598-99, 599f Overheating, 4 Oviduct adenocarcinoma of, 600-601

cystic, 1180 impacted, 1180 Owl herpesvirus (OHV), 405 Oxalate, 1249 Oxyspirura mansoni, 1048-49 Oxyspirura perrowi, 1049 Oxytetracycline, 752 for AlS, 934 for bordetellosis, 784 for Enterococcus spp., 906 for erysipelas, 918 for GO, 888 for IC, 798 for MG, 821 for MS, 851 for Mycoplasma iowae. 860 forNE,875 for Streptococcus spp., 903 Ozone, for Salmonella spp., 637

p Pacheco's disease, 405 Pale bird. See Malabsorption syndrome Pancreas, adenocarcinoma of, 603, 604-5 Pancreatitis, 260 Pancytopenia, 226 Panophthalmitis, 691 Pantoea, 955 Pantothenic acid, 1132-33 Paracelsus, 1231 Paracolons. See Arizonosis Paracox, 1080 Paralysis with arizonosis, 668 with botulism, 865, 883 with dactylariosis, 1005 with MO, 470, 470f, 471f transient, 481, 488 Paramyxoviridae spp., 101 Paraquat, 1242-43 Parathion, 1244 Parathyroid gland, 609. See also Salmonella spp. Parrot fever. See Chlamydiosis Parsley, 1249 Parvoviridae spp., 367 Parvovirus, 367. See also Goose parvovirus; Muscovy duck parvovirus adenovirus and, 401-2 Passenformes spp., 165 Passive immunity. See also Genetic resistance; Maternal immunity with AE, 436 withAl, 170, 173

1312 • INDEX

Passive immunity (continued) with ALY, 544 with aMPY, 104 with bordetellosis, 782 with CIA, 223 with circovirus, 244 with colibacillosis, 714 with DVE, 390 with erysipelas, 916 with FC, 750-51 with HE, 281 with infectious bronchitis, 126 with infectious bursal disease, 196 with LT, 142 with MM, 838 with NO, 86 with NE, 875 with ORT, 768 with RA, 761 with rotavirus, 346-47 with TCV, 334 Pasteurella spp. See also Fowl cholera chlamydiosis and, 982 HE and, 282 PHVI and, 406 Staphylococcus spp. and, 896 Pasteurella anatipestifer, 402 Pasteurella multocida, 168,402 FT and, 628 PD and, 628 TVH and, 428 Pasteurellosis, 739-84. See also

Riemerella anatipestifer sinusitis and, 818 Pasteurization, for AI, 160 Patulin, 1212 PBB. See polybrominated biphenyl PBL. See Peripheral blood cells PBS. See Phosphate buffered saline PBVDV. See Psittacine beak and feather disease virus PCB. See Polychlorinated biphenyl PCNA. See Proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCR. See Polymerase chain reaction PCY. See Porcine circovirus Po. See Pullorum disease Peach-faced lovebirds, 238 Pelistega spp., 958 PEMS. See Poult enteritis mortality syndrome Pendulous crop, 1172, 1172f Penicillic acid, 1211 Penicillin, 43 for AlS, 934 for Borrelia spp., 955

for botulism, 883 for chlamydiosis, 973 CTC and, 44

for Enterococcus spp., 906 for erysipelas, 918 forFC, 752 forGD,888 MG and, 821 for NE, 875-76 for ORT, 771 for RA, 759, 762 for Staphylococcus spp., 896 for Streptococcus spp., 903 for VE, 870 Pentachlorophenol, 1241 Peptidoglycan, 895 Peptostreptococcus spp., 958 Pericarditis, 103, 707 with GPY, 399 with LPAI, 168 with RA, 758 Perihepatitis, 103 Peripheral blood cells (PBL), 54 astrovirus and, 353 Peripheral nerves neuromas of, 607 schwannoma of, 607 Peritoneum, mesothelioma of, 605 Peritonitis, 691, 706--7 with IT, 418 Streptococcus spp. and, 900, 90 I f Peroxidase-antiperoxidase test, 769 Peroxymonosulfate, 352 Persistent neurological disease (PND), 470,481

Peste aviaire. See High pathogenicity avian influenza Peste du canard. See Duck virus enteritis Pesticides, 30-31. See also Fungicides; Insecticides; Rodenticides as dusts, 31 EPA on, 30 handling of, 31 as sprays, 3 I types of, 31 Petroleum, 1246 Pets, 7 as infection source, 16, 17 Pfeifferella anatipestifer. See Riemerella anatipestifer PFGE. See Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis Phage therapy, 681 Phallus prolapse, 1180 Pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma,

602-3

Pheasants aMPV and, 102 chlamydiosis in, 980 EEE in, 415, 416 infectious bursal disease and, 191 LT in, 140 lymphoma in, 576 MD and, 469 MSD in, 276 reovirus in, 326 rotavirus in, 344 Phenol (Carbolic acid), 27, 144 adenovirus group I and, 255 aspergillosis and, 991 for CIA, 215 for erysipelas, 910 for FC, 743 for HE, 278 pox and, 293 tox.icity with, 1242 TVH and, 426 Phenothiazine, 1236 Phenotype, 59 distribution of, 60 Phenotype mixing (PM), 521, 547 Phenylarsonic acids, 1235 Phenylmercuric dinaphthymethane disulfonate, 998 Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 278 Phospholipase A (PldA), 679 Phosphorus, 1136--37 eggshells and, 6 toxicity from, 1237, 1245 Photophobia, with DYE, 388 PHS. See Pulmonary hypertension syndrome PHVI. See Pigeon herpesvirus I Phycomycosis. See Zygomycosis Phytotoxins, 1247 Pichia pastoris, 199 Picornaviridae spp., 185,357,367 PiCY. See Pigeon circovrrus

Pigeon(s) adenovirus in, 259 chlamydiosis in, 979, 983 coccidiosis in, 1083-84 Mycoplasma in, 863 pox vaccination for, 301 trichomoniasis in, 1100 Pigeon circovirus (PiCV), 209, 236-45 Pigeon herpesvirus I (PHV1), 405-7 chemotherapy for, 407 clinical signs of, 406 CM! and, 407

diagnosis of, 407 differential diagnosis for, 407

INDEX. 1313

distribution of, 405--6 E. coli and, 406 epizootiology of, 406 etiology of, 406-7 history of, 405 hosts for, 406 immunity with, 407 incidence of, 405--6 incubation period of, 406 lesions of, 406-7 morbidity with, 406 mortality with, 406 Mycoplasma spp. and, 406 NO and, 407 Pasteurella spp. and, 406 pathogenesis of, 406 pathology of, 406-7 prevention of, 407 serology for, 407 Staphylococcus spp. and, 406 transmission of, 406 treatment of, 407 vaccination for, 407 Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-l),

76, 88 Pineal body tumor, ofCNS, 606-7 Pine oil, 28 Piperazine, 1051, 1053 Pituitary gland, 609 Planococcus spp., 959 Plantar pododermatitis, 887 Plasmids, 639 Plasmochin, 1110 Plasmodium spp., 1108 PldA. See Phospholipase A Plesiomonas spp., 959 PW. See Primary lymphoid organs PM. See Phenotype mixing PND. See Persistent neurological disease Pneumonia, 103 Pneumonomycosis. See Aspergillosis Pneumavirinae spp., 101 Poisons, 1231-50 Pokeberry, 1249 Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 323 Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), 1246 Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), 1246 Polycythemia., 1167 Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride,637 Polykarycytosis, 464 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). See also ReaI~time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); Real-time RT-

PCR

for A1S, 927, 932, 933

for ALV, 546

AP-PCR,810 for campylobacteriosis, 680 for chlamydiosis, 982 for CIA, 215, 224 for cryptosporidiosis, 1090 for DYE, 367, 390 for erysipelas, 916 with feces, 933 for GVP, 401 for HE, 278 HP-2, 796-97 forlC, 792-93, 796 for LT, 139, 142 for MD, 486 for MDPV; 401 for MG, 817 for MS, 846, 850 for multicentric histiocytosis, 592 forNE,875 for ORT, 766, 769 for pox, 300 for REV; 578 for rotavirus, 347 for Salmonella spp., 648 for TB, 942, 947 for TVp, 1273 Polymorphus boschadis, 1053 Polymyxin, 679 Polyneuritis. See Marek's Disease Polyomaviridae spp., 367 Polytetrafluoroethylene, 1245 Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, 1214 Porcine circovirus (PeV), 209, 236 virus replication of, 237 Porcine intestinal spirochetosis, 922 Potassium, 1138~39 toxicity from, 1237 Potassium dichromate, 1238 Potassium periodate, for EDS, 267 Potassium pennanganate (KMn0 4), 28-29

Potassium tellurite, 910 Potato, 1249 Poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS),705 Poultry International, 3 Poultry Pest Management, 30 Poultry Science, 3, 33 Poultry Times, 3

Pox, 17,291-303 CAM and, 293 chemical agents and, 293 chemical composition of, 291 clinical signs of, 298

CPE with, 293, 296

diagnosis of, 298-300 differential diagnosis for, 300 distribution of, 296 DYE and, 390 economic significance of, 291 EID for, 296 ELISA for, 294, 299 EM for, 299 epidemiology of, 296-98 ether and, 293 etiology of, 291-96 FA for, 299 HA for, 295, 299 history of, 291 hosts of, 296-97 immunodiffusion for, 299 incidence of, 296 incubation period of, 298 infectious bursal disease and, 19 intervention for, 300--302 IP for, 299 laboratory hosts of, 295-96 live vaccination for, 18 LT and, 300 morbidity with, 298 morphology of, 291 mortality with, 298 ND and, 19 pathobiology of, 296-98 pathology of, 298 PeR for, 300 phenol and, 293 physical agents and, 293 public health significance of, 291 REV and, 573-74, 578 RFLP for, 294, 300 serology for, 299-300 SPF and, 296 strain classification of, 293-95 temperature and, 293 transmission of, 298 vaccination for, 245, 300--303 virus replication of, 291-92 VN for, 299 PPMV-I. See Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 Prague Rous sarcoma virus (PR-SVA), 525 Prebiotics, 682, 715 forNE,875 Prevention, 3--46. See also Individual diseases breeder flock and, 5-7 disease outbreaks and, 32-33 disinfectants and 27-30 flock placement and, 13-14

1314 • INDEX

Prevention (continued) hatcheries and, 8-9 bost-parasite-environment relationship and, 3~ isolation and, 9-10 management factors in, 9-13 sanitary environments and, 24-27 vaccination and, 1s-.24 Primary lymphoid (PLO), 48~9 Probiotics, 715 forNE,875 Production cycle depopulation and, 10 reprogramming of, 9 Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),594 Propionic acid, 888 ProSpecT, 680 Prosthorhynchus formosus, 1053 Protease, 893 Protectins, 698-99 Protective types of infectious bronchitis, 189 of infectious bursal disease, 189 Protein-A, 893 Protein inhibitors, 1236 Proteins,1121-23 Protein supplements, 1236 Proteomics, 65 Proteus spp., 959 Proventricular dilation in broiler chickens, 1272-76 in chickens, 1272 TVP and, 1276 Proventriculitis, 259, 323, 405, 574, 1007 in broiler chickens, 1272-76 Proventriculus, 85, 168,219,344,434, 1046 impaction of, 1172 TVP and, 1276 PR-SVA. See Prague Rous sarcoma virus Pseudo-fowl pest. See Newcastle disease Pseudomonas spp., 959-60 Pseudo-poultry plague. See Newcastle disease Pseudorabies, 407 Pseudovogel-pest. See Newcastle disease psHV-l. See Psittacid herpesvirus I Psittaeid herpesvirus I (psHV-I), 138 Psittaciformes spp., 165 Psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV, BFDV), 209, 236, 239, 244 virus replication of, 237 Psittacosis. See Chlamydiosis

0_'

Pullet-rearing, 10 Pullorum disease (PD), 620-31 age and, 623 antigenic structure of, 622 biochemical properties of, 621-22 carrier removal with, 6 chemical agents and, 622 in chickens, 625 classification of, 621 clinical signs of, 624 diagnosis of, 627-29 differential diagnosis of, 628-29 distribution of, 623 in ducks, 625 economic significance of, 620 ELISA for, 628, 629 epizootiology of, 623-24 etiology of, 621-22 in guinea fowl, 625 histopathology of, 625-26 history of, 620 hosts of, 623 immunity with, 627 incidence of, 623 intervention for, 629-31 lesions with, 624-25 MD and, 628 morbidity with, 624 morphology of, 621 mortality with, 624 Mycoplasma spp. and, 628 Pasteurella multocida and, 628 pathobiology of, 623-24 pathogenesis of, 626--27 pathology of, 624-27 physical agents and, 622 public health significance of, 620 serology of, 628 Staphylococcus spp. and, 628 TB and, 947 tests for, 629-30 transmission of, 623-24 in turkeys, 625 vaccination for, 630 virulence factors of, 622 Pulmonary aspergillosis, 289, 993 Pulmonary edema, with GPY, 399 Pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS), 1163-66 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), 680,695,744 for AlS, 928 p-Ureidobenzenearsonic acid (Carb-osep, Carbarsone), 1235 PYR. See Pyrrolidonylarylamidase reaction

Pyrethroids, 1244 PjTetlutun,31,1244 Pyridoxine. See Vitamin B6 Pyrrolidonylarylamidase reaction (pYR), 903,905-6 Q

QB. See Quail bronchitis QT-35. See Quail tumor cell line QTL. See Quantitative trait loci Quail chlamydiosis in, 980 cryptosporidiosis in, 1089 EDS in, 268 lymphoma in, 576 MD and, 468-69 pox vaccination for, 301 Quail broochiti' (QB), 287-89 AGP'T for, 289 bursa of Fabricius and, 288 carriers of, 287-88 CELO and, 287 clinical signs of, 288 diagnosis of, 288-89 epizootiology of, 287-88 etiology of, 287 history of, 287 hosts of, 287 immunity with, 288 incubation period of, 288 laboratory hosts of, 287 lesions with, 288 morbidity with, 288 mortality with, 288 ND and, 289 pathogenesis of, 287-88 pathogenicity of, 287 transmission of, 287-88 treatment of, 289 Quail disease. See Ulcerative enteritis Quail tumor cell line (QT-35), 102, 105, 190,572 Quantitative trait loci (QTL), 63--64, 64 Quarantine, 9-10, 10f, 32 Quaternary ammonium (Quats), 30 for AI, 159 for E. coli, 694 infectious bursal disease and, 188 toxicity with, 1242 Quats. See Quaternary ammonium Quicklime, 28 Quinacrine HCL (Atabrine), 1235

R RA. See Riemerella anatipestifer Ragwort, 1249

INDEX. 1315

Raillietina cesticulJus. 1062 RaiJlietina echinobothrida, 1062 RaiJlietina georgiensis. 1063 RaiJlietina tetragona, 1062 Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAFO), 680, 695, 812 for erysipelas, 911 Range paralysis. See Marek's Disease Ranikhet disease. See Newcastle disease RAPD. See Random amplified polymorphic DNA Rapeseed meal, 1249 Rapid agglutination test, 947 RapID Yeast Plus System, 1003 Rat., 1021, 1022f RAVs. See ROllS associated viruses RB. See Reticulate body RBCs. See Red blood cells RE. See Restriction enzyme Real-time polymerase chain reaction

(RT-PCR) for AE, 430 for AI, 170 for ALY, 546 for aMPV; 368 for astrovirus, 354 for CIA, 213 for EEE, 417 for HEY, 445 for HNEG, 394 for infectious bronchitis, 127-28 for infectious bursal disease, 189, 197 for IT, 419 for MS, 846 for turkey torovirus, 362 for viral arthritis, 317 Real-time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR), 170 for AI, 173 for astrovirus, 354 Rearing facility, 6 Receptor-mediated endocytosis, 158 Recombinant fowl poxvirus (rFPV), 483, 489 Recombinant vaccination, 130, 173,227, 402 for colibacillosis, 714 Recovered carriers, as infection source, 15-16 Red blood cells (RBCs), ND and, 78 Red mites (Dermanyssus gallinae), 34 Relative humidity, 734 Rendering AI and, 173 of dead birds, 25

Reoviridae spp., 185,338

Reovirus, 309-26. See also Enteric disease; Tenosynovitis; Viral arthritis in chickens, 323 in ducks, 325-26, 369-70 E. coli and, 324 in geese, 325-26 in ostriches, 326 in pheasants, 326 SN for, 323 TVP and, 1276 REP. See Repetitive extragenic palindromic Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP), 695 Reproductive system, 1180-81. See also Ovaries; Testis Resistance-inducing factor test (RIF), 546 Respiratory system. See also Bordetellosis; Chronic respiratory disease; Lungs; Pulmonary nematodes of, 1046-48 neoplastic diseases of, 605--6 Restocking programs, 10 Restriction enzyme (RE), 255, 744 Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), 127, 139, 695, 744, 810 for GPY, 401 for infectious bursal disease, 189 for MDPV; 401 for pox, 294, 300 for TB, 942-43 for viral arthritis, 317 Reticulate body (RB), 972, 975-76 Reticuloendotheliosis-like syndrome. See Multicentric histiocytosis Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), 294, 449, 521, 568..-.80. See also Acute reticulum cell neoplasia; Chronic neoplasia; Runting disease syndrome AGPT for, 579 carriers of, 573-74 chemical composition of, 569-70 clinical signs of, 574 CPE of, 571 CTL and, 577 diagnosis of, 578-80 differential diagnosis for, 579-80 distribution of, 572-73 economic significance of, 569 ELISA for, 579 epidemiology of, 572-78 etiology of, 569-72

FP and, 573-74, 578 GO and, 887 history of, 569 hosts of, 571-72, 573 humans and, 569 humoral immunity with, 577 IF for, 579 immunity with, 577-78 incidence of, 572-73 incubation period of, 574 infectious bronchitis and, 578 insects and, 573-74 intervention for, 580 laboratory hosts for, 572 LL and, 549-50 MD and, 472, 487, 578 MHC and, 577 mosquitos and, 573-74 pathobiology of, 572-78 pathogenesis of, 576-77 PCR for, 578 prevention of, 580 pseudotypes of, 572 public health significance of, 569 Salmonella spp. and, 578 scientific significance of, 569 serology for, 578-79 SPF and, 580 strain classification of, 572 transmission of, 573-74 vaccination for, 580 virus replication of, 570-72 VN for, 579 Retinal dysplasia, 1179 Retroviridae spp., 514, 569 Retrovirus. See also Leukosis/sarcoma; Reticuloendotheliosis virus C-type, 569 REV. See Reticuloendotheliosis virus Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. See Real-time polymerase chain reaction RFLP. See Restriction fragment length polymorphism rFP-AI-H5 vaccines, 174 rFPV. See Recombinant fowl poxvirus Rhabdomyosarcoma, 608, 612 Rhanmose, 693 Riboflavin. See Vitamin B2 Rickets, 437 Ridzol,935 Riemerella anatipestifer (RA), 388, 419, 758-<;2 airsaccu1itis with, 758 ampicillin for, 759 antibiotics for, 759, 762

1316 • INDEX

Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) (continued)

bacitracin for, 759 biochemical properties of, 759 carriers of, 760 chemical agents and, 759 chloramphenicol for, 759 classification of, 758-60 clinical signs of, 760 CM! with, 761 diagnosis of, 762 differential diagnosis for, 762 distribution of, 760 in ducks, 760 economic significance of, 758 enrofloxacin for, 759 epizootiology of, 760--61 erythromycin for, 759 etiology of, 758-60 in geese, 760 gentamicin and, 759 growth requirements of, 759 history of, 758 hosts of, 760 immunity with, 761 inactivated vaccination for, 762 incidence of, 760 incubation period of, 760 intervention for, 762 lesions with, 760 lincomycin for, 759 live vaccination for, 762 meningitis with, 758 morphology of, 759 novobiocin for, 759 passive immunity with, 761 pathobiology of, 760-61 pathology of, 760 penicillin for, 759, 762 pericarditis with, 758 physical agents and, 759 salpingitis with, 758 serology for, 762 strain classification of, 759--60 streptomycin for, 759 sulfamerazine for, 762 sulfaquinoxaline for, 762 temperature and, 759 tetracycline for, 759, 762 transmission of, 760 treatment for, 762 in turkeys, 760 vaccination for, 762 RIF. See Resistance-inducing factor test Rifampicin, 679 for botulism, 883

for TB, 942, 948

Right auricle, rupture of, 1170 Ringworm. See Dermatophytosis RNase, 385 Roaldn form, of NO, 90 Rodenticides, 1021-22, 1244-45 Rodents, 7, 1021-23 campylobacteriosis and, 677 controlof,1021-23 in feed, 12 Ronidazole, 1094 Roofrat, 1021, 1022f Roost areas, 12 Rose chafers, 1247 Rotated tibia, 1160-61 Rotavirus, 338--48, 339f active immunity with, 346 antigenicity of, 340-41 in broiler chickens, 344 carriers of, 343 chemical agents and, 340 chemical composition of, 339-40 chloroform and, 340 classification of, 338 clinical signs of, 343-44 diagnosis of, 347 diarrhea and, 338, 346, 347 differential diagnosis for, 347 distribution of, 343 ELISA for, 340, 347 ELVs and, 360 EM for, 340, 344, 347 epizootiology of, 343-47 genetics of, 341-42 glutaraldehyde for, 340 hosts of, 343 IF for, 340, 344, 344f 19A and, 346 IgG and, 346 IgM and, 346 immWlity with, 346-47 incidence of, 343 incubation period for, 343-44 intervention for, 347-48 laboratory hosts for, 342-43 lesions with, 344-45 maternal immunity with, 346-47 morbidity with, 343-44 morphology of, 338-39 mortality with, 343-44 NaOCI for, 340 NK and, 346 passive immunity with, 346-47 pathobiology of, 343-47 pathogenesis of, 345-46 pathogenicity of, 343 pathology of, 3#-45

PCR for, 347 in pheasants, 344 physical agents and, 340 serology for, 347 sodium deoxycholate for, 340 strain classification of, 340-42 temperature and, 340 transmission of, 343 vaccination for, 347-48 virus replication of, 340 Rotenone, 1244 Rot gut. See Necrotic enteritis Rothia spp., 961 Round heart disease. See also dilated cardiomyopathy in chickens, 1170 Roundworm, 17 ROWldworms. See Nematodes Rous associated viruses (RAVs), 521, 525, 532 ROllS sarcoma virus (RSV), 174, 516 ALV and, 523t BH-RSV, 520-21, 525, 547 CEF for, 547 chemical composition of, 518 Roxarsone, 1094, 1235 RRT-PCR. See Real-time RT-PCR RSV. See Rous sarcoma virus RT-PCR. See Real-time polymerase chain reaction Rubratoxins, 1211 Rumplessness, 1161 Runting disease syndrome, 411, 568 bursa of Fabricius and, 574 clinical signs of, 574 pathogenesis of, 577 pathology of, 574 Runting-stunting. See Malabsorption syndrome Rupture of right auricle, 1170

S Safranine, 12 I2 Salicylic acid, 694, 716 Salinomycin, 682, 876, 1079 dyschondroplasia and, 1155 Salmon, Daniel E., 619 Salmonella spp., 619-71, 1153. See also Arizonosis; Fowl typhoid; Parathyroid gland; Pul10rum disease AIS and, 933 antibiotics for, 44, 651 antimicrobials for, 651 astrovirus and, 354 CH20 for, 637

INDEX. 1317

chlamydiosis and, 983 CIA and, 223 disinfectants for, 637-38 drug resistance in, 651 as egg-borne disease, 17 ELISA for, 647-48 erysipelas and, 911 feed and, 7 genetic resistance to, 67-68 humans and, 32, 636 hydrogen peroxide for, 637 19O and, 645 IgM and, 645 infectious bursal disease and, 196 insects and, 643 iodine for, 637 lactic acid for, 637 in litter, 638 live vaccination for, 650--51 ochratoxins and, 1209 ozone for, 637 in parathyroid gland, 636-51 adherence in, 639 antigenic structure of, 638 biochemical properties of, 637 chemical agents and, 637 classification of, 636-37 clinical signs of, 644 diagnosis of, 645-49 distribution of, 640-41 economic significance of, 636 endotoxin in, 638 epizootiology of, 640-45 etiology of, 636-40 growth requirements of, 637 hosts of, 641 immunity with, 644-45 incidence of, 640 intervention for, 649-51 intracellular survival in, 639 invasiveness of, 639 morphology of, 631 pathobiology of, 64Q-45 pathogenesis of, 644 pathogenicity of, 639-40 pathology of, 644 physical agents and, 637 public health significance of, 636 sources of, 643-44 strain classification of, 638 temperature and, 637 transmission of, 643-44 treatment for, 65 I vaccination for, 650--51 virulence factors of, 638

peR for, 648

polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride for, 637 REV and, 578 Staphylococcus spp. and, 896 TB and, 947 TVH and, 428 ultraviolet radiation and, 637 vaccination for, 19-20 Salpingitis, 691, 706-7 with RA, 158 Streptococcus spp. and, 900 Salpingoperitonitis, 106-7 Sanitation aspergillosis and, 997 in buildings, 25 candidiasis and, 1003 coccidiosis and, 1080 cryptosporidiosis and, 1089 disease prevention and, 24-27 of outside runs, 26 Sarafloxacin,711 Sarcocystosis, 1110-12 CFfor,1112 control of, 1112 diagnosis of, 1112 distribution of, 1110 epidemiology of, 1111-12 etiology of, 1110-11 IFA for, 1112 incidence of, 1110 pathogenesis of, 1111-12 prevention of, 1112 Sarcosporidiosis. See Sarcocystosis Scaly leg mites, 1017 Schizogony, 1111 Schwannoma,608f of peripheral nerves, 601 Scoliosis, 1161 SDPH. See Sudden death in turkeys associated with perirenal hemorrhage SDS. See Sudden death syndrome SDS-PAGE. See Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), 48-49 Secretory 19A (sIgA), 52 Selenium, 682, 1142-43 toxicity from, 1238 Semduramicin, 1079 Seminoma, 543 of testis, 602 Septicemia, 666, 669. See also Colisepticemia; Riemerella anatipestifer

Acinetobacter spp. and, 952

in ducks, 709 Enterococcus spp. and, 904 Staphylococcus spp. and, 896

Septicemia anserum exsudativa. See Riemerella anatipestifer Sequence tagged site (STS), 63 Serinelt~ne,213,214

Sertoli cell tumor, 602f ofovaries,598~99,599f

ofTestis, 602 Serum neutralization (SN), 266 for reovirus, 323 Serum plate agglutination test (SPAT), 671,769-70 forMG,817-18 for MS, 846, 850 S glycoprotein, 118 Sheep red blood cells (SRBC), 196 Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC), 691-92 Show stock, as infection source, 15 SHS. See Swollen head syndrome SHY 1. See Sus herpesvirus 1 Sialoligosaccharide, 154-55 Sicarius uncinipenis, 1036 Sicarius waltoni, 1036 Sickle pod, 1241-48 sIgA. See Secretory IgA Signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis (STM), 696 Single nucleotide polymorpbisms (SNPs),63 Sinusitis AI and, 818 aspergillosis and, 818 chlamydiosis and, 818 cryptosporidi05is and, 818 with LPAI, 168 ND and, 818 pasteurellosis and, 818 vitamin A and, 818 Skin leukosis, 452, 488 Skip-a-daY feeding, 5-6 Slat floors, 11-12, 12f SLCIIAl. See Solute carrier family II member I SLO. See Secondary lymphoid organs SMD. See Smooth-domed SMO. See Smooth-opaque Smooth-domed (SMD), 942 Smooth-opaque (SMO), 942 Smooth transparent (SMT), 942 SMT. See Smooth transparent SNPs. See Single nucleotide polymorphisms

1318 • INDEX

Sodium, 1138

toxicity from, 1237 Sodium arsenate, 1235 Sodium azide, 910 Sodium deoxycholate adenovirus group I and, 255 for rotavirus, 340 for turkey torovirus, 362 Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), 810

Sodium hydroxide, 188 for erysipelas, 910 forFC,743

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI), 28, 144 for HE, 278, 283 for rotavirus, 340 Sodium monofluroacetate (Compound 1080), 1244

Sodium selenite, 883 Soldier fly, lOI4 Solute carrier family 11 member I (SLCIIAI),67

Soor. See Candidiasis Sorbitol, 621, 693 Sour crop. See Candidiasis SPAT. See Serwn plate agglutination test Specific-pathogen free (SPF), 87, 594 ANY and, 409 CIA and, 211, 218 HEV and, 445

infectious bronchitis and, 121 MD and, 461, 481, 488 pox and, 296 REV and, 580

Spectinomycin, 671 forAIS, 925 for MG, 821 forMM,840 for MS, 851 for ORT, 771 for Staphylococcus spp., 896 SPF. See Specific-pathogen free Spiramycin, 851 Spirillum spp., 933 Spirochetosis, 954 Spironucleus me/eagridis, 1103 Spleen necrosis virus, 568 Spondylitis,7lOf Spondylolisthesis, 1158f, 1159 Spontaneous turkey cardiomyopathy (STC),1233

Spraddle legs, 1161 Spray vaccination, 21 for infectious bronchitis, 130

S protein, 125

Squamous cell carcinoma, 544 of cutis, 610 GD and, 887

SRBC. See Sheep red blood cells SS. See Stunting syndrome Staphylococcus spp., 326, 892-96, 1153 arthritis and, 893t, 895 aspergillosis and, 997 biochemical properties of, 893 bumblefoot and, 893t, 895 bursa of Fabricius and, 894 carriers of, 894 chemical agents and, 893 CIA and, 894

classification of, 892--93 clinical signs of, 894 conjunctivitis and, 901 diagnosis of, 895-96 E. coli and, 894, 896 economic significance of, 892 epizootiology of, 894-95 erythromycin for, 896 etiology of, 892-94 IT and, 628 GD and, 886, 8931

growth requirements of, 893 HEVand, 894

history of, 892 hosts of, 894 humans and, 892 IFA for, 896 immunity with, 895 incubation period of, 894 infectious bursal disease and, 894 intervention for, 896 lesions with, 895 lincomycin for, 896 MD and, 894 MHC and, 894

morbidity with, 894 morphology of, 893 mortality with, 894 Mycoplasma spp. and, 896 novobiocin for, 896 omphalitis and, 893t osteomyelitis and, 893t, 895 Pasteurella spp. and, 896 pathobiology of, 894-95 pathology of, 895 PD and, 628

penicillin for, 896 PHVt and, 406

physical agents and, 893 public health significance of, 892 Salmonella spp. and, 896 septicemia and, 896

serology for, 896 spectinomycin for, 896 strain classification of, 893-94 streptomycin for, 896 sulfonamides for, 896 synovitis and, 893t, 895 1'8 and, 947

tetracycline for, 896 thymus and, 894 transmission of, 894 treatment for, 896 vaccination for, 896 virulence factors, 894 Starling circovirus (stCV), 238 Started pullets, lO as infection source, 15 Starvation, 4 Starve-out, 1151 STC. See Spontaneous turkey cardiomyopathy StCv. See Starling circovirus STEC. See Shiga tOldn producing E. coli Stenora!' See Halofuginone Sterigmatocystin, 1211 STM. See Signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis Stomatitis oidica. See Candidiasis Streptobacillus spp., 961 Streptococcus spp., 406, 900--903 antibiotics for, 903 in chickens. 900 clinical signs of, 901 conjunctivitis and, 901 CTC for, 903 diagnosis of, 903 differential diagnosis for, 903 epizootiology of, 901 erythromycin for, 903 etiology of, 900 history of, 900 lesions with, 901-2 novobiocin for, 903 oxytetracycline for, 903 pathobiology of, 901 pathology of, 901-2 penicillin for, 903 peritonitis and, 900, 90lf saJpingitis and, 900 serology for. 903 tetracycline for, 903 transmission of, 901 treatment for, 903 in turkeys, 900 Streptomyces spp., 961 Streptomycin, 43, 282 for AIS, 934

INDEX. 1319

bordetellosis and, 776 for Borrelia spp., 954 for colibacillosis, 715 for Fe, 752 forMG,821 for RA, 759 for Staphylococcus spp., 896 forTB,942 toxicity with, 1233 for UB, 870 Stress disease from, 3 from heat, 1150 HNEG aDd, 395 MD and, 472 Strongyloides avium, 1044-45 Strychnine, 1244 STS. See Sequence tagged site Stunting syndrome (SS), 361, 363f Subulura brumpti, 1043 Subulura strongylina, 1044 Subulum suctoria, 1044 Sudden death in turkeys associated with perirenal hemorrhage (SDPH), 1169-70 Sudden death syndrome (SDS) in broiler chickens, 1167-68 nutrition and, 1168 Sulfachloropyrazine, 1108 Sulfadimethoxine, 1079, 1082 Sulfam~ne, 752 for RA, 762 Sulfamethazine, toxicity with, 1231-33 Sulfamethoxypyridazine, 752 Sulfamonomethoxine, 1108 Sulfaquinoxaline, 31,752,1079 for RA, 762 toxicity with, 1231-33 Sulfate, toxicity from, 1238 Sulfonamides, 43, 227, 715 bordetellosis and, 776 for erysipelas, 918 forFC, 752 hemorrhagic syndrome from, 1232 forIC, 798 for Staphylococcus spp., 896 toxicity with, 1231-33 forUB,870 SDlfur, 1241 Sunlight, as disinfectant, 30 Surgery, 9 Sus herpesvirus I (SHV 1), 407 Suttonella spp., 961 Sweating, 7 Sweet pea, 1249 Swine dysentery, 922

Swine erysipelas. See Erysipelas Swollen head syndrome (SHS), 100, 691,704-5 in chickens, 103 E. coli and, 100, 103 Ie and, 794 Syncytia, 121 Syngamus trachea, 1047-48 control of, 1052 Synovitis, 691, 709-10 MM and, 837 MS and, 848 Staphylococcus spp. and, 893t, 895 Systemic aspergillosis, 993 Systemic spindle-<:ell proliferative disease. See Multicentric histiocytosis

T TA. See Tube agglutination test Tactylariosis, 1006 Tannins, 1249 TAP. See Transporters associated with antigen-processing Tapeworms. See Cestodes Tartaric acid, 694 Tartrate, 621 TAstY. See Turkey astrovirus TB. See Tuberculosis TBG. See Tetrathionate BG TCDD. See Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin T cell receptors (TCR), 50 T cells, 55 viral artluitis and, 316 TCID. See Tissue-culture-infective-doses TCR. See T cell receptors TCT. See Tracheal cytotoxin TCY. See Thrkey coronavITus enteritis Teichoic acid, 895 TEM. See Transmission electron microscopy Temperature adenovirus group I and, 255 AE and, 431 ALVand, 546 ANV and, 4JO astrovirus and, 352 bordetellosis and, 776 campylobacteriosis and, 675 circovITus and, 238 coliform cellulitis and, 734 erysipelas and, 910 HE and, 278 heat stress, 1150 HEY and, 443 HNEG and, 393

MG and, 809 MM and, 834, 840 MS and, 846 Mycoplasma iowae and, 856 pox and, 293 RA and, 759 rotavirus and, 340 Salmonella spp. and, 637 UEand, 868 viral artluitis and, 311 Tendons, 1161-63 Tenosynovitis, 310 adenovirus group I and, 259 Mycoplasma iowae and, 859 in turkeys, 325 Tenuazonic acid, 1212 Teratoma, 601-2 of eyes, 608 Terrestrial Animal Health Code, 78, 153 on AI, 161-62 Testis Leydig cell tumors of, 602 neoplastic diseases of, 601-2 seminoma of, 602 Sertoli cell tumor of, 602 Tetelo disease. See Newcastle disease Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), 1246 Tetracycline, 43 bordetellosis and, 776 for Borrelia spp., 954 for botulism, 883 for chlamydiosis, 973 in drinking water, 714 for Enterococcus spp., 906 for MG, 821 for MS, 851 forORT,771 for RA, 759, 762 for Staphylococcus spp., 896 for Streptococcus spp., 903 Tetrameres americana, 1031-32 Tetrameres crami, 1032 Tetrameres flSsispina, 1032-33 Tetrameres pattersoni, 1033 Tetramisole, 1053, 1235 Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, 1213 Tetrathionate BG (TBG), 627 Tetrazolium salts, 846 TGF-I3. See Transfonning growth factor-B TH. See Helper T cells Thecoma, 543 Thiabendazole, 1053, 1213 Thiamin. See Vitamin BI Thiram, 1242 Thrush. See Candidiasis

1320 • INDEX

Thymic shared antigen I (TSAI), 67 Thymidine kinase (TK), 252 Thymus, 48f, 609 CIA and, 220-21, 226 GoCV and, 244 infectious bursal disease and, 193, 194 Staphylococcus spp. and, 894 Thyroid gland, 609. See also Hypothyroidism Tiamulin, 821 for AlS, 934 for MS, 851 Tilmicosin, 851 Tin,I240 TIssue-cu1ture-infective-doses (TCID), 222 forEDS, 273 TK. See Thymidine kinase TLRs. See Toll-like receptors TNF-a. See Tumor necrosis factor-a TNFR. See Tumor necrosis factor receptor Tobacco, 1249 TOC. See Thrkey osteomyelitis complex TOCP. See Tri-ortho-cresyl-phosphate TOCs. See Tracheal organ cultures Toenails, removal of, 9 Toes, removal of, 9 Togaviridae spp., 414 Toll-like receptors (TLRs), 48 TorqueTenoMinivirus, 209 TorqueTenovirus, 209 Torticollis, 167 with arizonosis, 668 with aspergillosis, 994 with dactylariosis, 1005 Total down thne, 734 Toxaphene, 1243 Toxic fat syndrome, 1246 Toxic shock syndrome toxin I (TSST-l), 893 Toxins,3,1231-50 Toxoplasmosis, 1112-14 agglutination tests for, 1114 ammonia for, 1114 diagnosis of, 1114 ELISA for, 1114 epidemiology-of, 1113-14 etiology of, 1113 pathogenesis of, 1113-14 prevention of, 1114 TP. See Transient paralysis Tracheal cytotoxin (TeT), 777-78 Tracheal organ cultures (TOCs), 102 Transfonning growth factor-8 (TGF-B), 163

astrovirus and, 353

Transient paralysis (TP), 481, 488 Transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP), 1272-76 adenovirus and, 1276 age and, 1273 classification of, 1273 clinical signs of, 1274 copper sulfate and, 1276 cryptosporidiosis and, 1276 diagnosis of, 1276 differential diagnosis for, 1276 distribution of, 1273 economic significance of, 1272 EM for, 1275 epizootiology of, 1273-76 etiology of, 1273 history of, 1273 hosts for, 1273 incidence of, 1273 incubation period of, 1273-74 infectious bronchitis and, 1276 lesions with, 1274-75 morphology of, 1273 mycotoxicoses and, 1276 pathogenesis of, 1273-76 pathology of, 1274-75 peR for, 1273 proventricular dilation and, 1276 proventriculus and, 1276 public health significance of, 1273 reovirus and, 1276 transmission of, 1273 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 1089-90 Transovarian transmission, 16 Transporters associated with antigenprocessing (rAP), 483 Trematodes, 1065--66 Tremorigens, 1212 Trichomonas spp., 300 Trichomoniasis, 1100-1103 control of, 1104 diagnosis of, 1102-3 distribution of, llOl histopathology of, I 102 immunity with, I 102 incidence of, 1101 lesions of, 1102 life cycle of, 1101 pathogenesis of, 1101-2 pathology of, 1101-2 in pigeons, 1100 prevention of, 1104 Trichostrongylus tenuis, 1045 Trichothecenes,1198-1201 Trigeminal ganglia, 141-42

Trimethoprim,679 Tri-ortho-cresyl-phosphate (TOCP), 1244 Triple eyes, 1179 Triple sugar-iron (TSI), 628 Trisodium phosphonofonnate, 407 Trypanosomiasis, 1110 Trypsin for adenovirus group I, 255 for AE, 431 for ANY, 410 for DVE, 385 for EDS, 267 for turkey torovirus, 362 for viral arthritis, 311 Tryptose-phosphate agar (Difco), 867 TSAI. See Thymic shared antigen I TSI. See Triple sugar-iron TSST~ I. See Toxic shock. syndrome toxin 1 TIMY. See Mini-TT viruses TTY. See IT viruses TT viruses (lTV), 209, 236 Thbe agglutination test (TA), 629, 671 for MG, 817 for MM, 838 Thberculin test, 947 Thberculosis (TB), 940-48 age and, 944 aspergillosis and, 947 biochemical properties of, 942 cannibalism and, 944 clinical signs of, 944-45 corporation farming and, 941 diagnosis of, 947 differential diagnosis for, 947 distribution of, 943 in eggs, 944 ELISA for, 947 epizootiology of, 94~7 etiology of, 941-43

FC and, 947 growth requirements, 941-42 history of, 941 Hjarre's disease and, 947 hosts of, 943-44 humans and, 941 incidence of, 943 intervention for, 947-48 lesions with, 945-46 in lungs, 946f in mammals, 944, 944t medications for, 942 neoplastic diseases and, 947 pathobiology of, 94~7 pathogenesis of, 946

INDEX. 1321

pathology of, 945--46 peR for, 942, 947 PD and, 947 public health significance of, 941 RFLP for, 942-43 rifampicin for, 942, 948 Salmonella spp. and, 947 serology for, 947 Staphylococcus spp. and, 947 strain classification of, 942-43 streptomycin for, 942 transmission of, 944 treatment fOT, 948 vaccination for, 948 Thlaremia, 891 Tumor necrosis factor~a (TNF·a), 52, 281 Thmor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), 65 Thmor transplants with LL, 534 with US, 516 MD and, 467t, 478 Thdcey(s). See also Arizonosis; Aspergillosis; Bordetellosis; Mycoplasma meleagridis adenovirus in, 259 buphthalmos in, 1179 c~odesin, 1062-63 chlamydiosis and, 983 chorioretinitis in, 1179 coccidiosis in, t 080-83 cryptosporidiosis in, 1088-89 DCM in, 1166--67 BEE in, 416 enteric disease in, 325 FT in, 625 furazolidone and, 1167 GD in, 885 HE in, 1262 hepatic lipidosis of, 1174-75 MD and, 469 MG and, 813, 814 MS in, 848 PD in, 625 pox vaccination for, 301 STC in, 1233 Streptococcus spp. in, 900 tenosynovitis in, 325 WNV in, 421 Thrkey astrovirus (TAstV), 351-52 diarrhea and, 352 Turkey coronavirus enteritis (TCV), 330-36,705 antibiotics for, 335-36 carriers of, 332-33

chemical agents and, 331 classification of, 330-31 clinical signs of, 333 cresol for, 331 diagnosis of, 334-35 differential diagnosis for, 335 EM for, 331, 331f epizootiology of, 332-34 formaldehyde for, 331 hosts of, 332 IF for, 331, 334 inununity with, 334 incubation period of, 333 intervention for, 335-36 IP for, 331, 334 laboratory hosts for, 331-32 lesions with, 333-34 morphology of, 331 passive immunity with, 334 pathobiology of, 332-34 pathogenesis of, 334 pathology of, 333-34 physical agents and, 331 serology for, 335 strain classification of, 331 transmission of, 332-33 vaccination for, 335 virus replication of, 331 Thrkey coryza. See Bordetellosis Turkey herpesvirus. See Herpesvirus of

turkeys Thrkey lymphoma, 576 Turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC), 710 Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT). See Bordetellosis Turkey syndrome~65 (TS~65). See Mycoplasma meleagridis Turkey torovirus, 361-64 antibiotics for, 364 diagnosis of, 364 distribution of, 361--62 EM for, 362f epizootiology of, 362--64 etiology of, 362

FA and, 364 history of, 361

carriers, 426 chemical agents and, 426 chloroform and, 426 clinical signs, 426--27 diagnosis of, 428-29 distribution of, 426 epizootiology of, 426--28 ether and, 426 etiology of, 426 history of, 426 hosts of, 426 immunity with, 427-28 incidence of, 426 incubation period of, 426 intervention for, 429 laboratory hosts for, 426 lesions with, 427 morbidity with, 427 mortality with, 427 Pasteurella multocida and, 428 pathobiology of, 426--28 pathology of, 427 phenol and, 426 physical agents and, 426 Salmonella spp. and, 428 transmission of, 426 Turn-around, 5 TVH. See Turkey viral hepatitis TYP. See Transmissible viral proventriculitis Tylosin for AlS, 934 for Borrelia spp., 954 for Enterococcus spp., 906 for MG, 821 forMM,840 for MS, 851 for Mycoplasma iowae. 860 for NE, 875-76 for ORT, 771 for UE, 870 Typhoid. See Fowl typhoid Typhus exudatious gallinariwn. See High pathogenicity avian influenza Tyrosine phosphatase, 214 Tyzzer's disease, 867

IFA and, 364 incidence of, 361-62 pathogenesis of, 362--64 prevention of, 364 RT-PCR for, 362 sodium deoxycholate for, 362 treatment of, 364 trypsin for, 362 Turkey viral hepatitis (TVH), 426--29 adenovirus and, 428

u UE. See Ulcerative enteritis UL. See Unique long Ulcerative dermatitis, 887 Ulcerative enteritis (VE), 867-70, 965 active innnunity with, 869 age and, 868 AGIO for, 869 ampicillin for, 870

1322 • INDEX

Ulcerative enteritis (UE) (continued) bacitracin for, 870 biochemical characteristics of, 868 chemical agents and, 868 in chickens, 868 chloroform and, 868 classification of, 867 clinical signs of, 868 coccidiosis and, 868, 869 CTC for, 870 diagnosis of, 869-70 differential diagnosis for, 869-70 distribution of, 868 epizootiology of, 868-68 etiology of, 867-69 feces and, 868 growth requirements of, 867-68 histomoniasis and, 869-70 history of, 867 hosts of, 868 immunity with, 869 incidence of, 868 incubation period of, 868 intervention for, 870 lesions with, 869 litter and, 870 morbidity with, 868 morphology of, 867 mortality with, 868 NE and, 869, 875 pathogenesis of, 869 pathology of, 869 penicillin for, 870 physical agents and, 868 serology for, 869 streptomycin for, 870 sulfonamides for, 870 temperature and, 868 transmission of, 868 treatment for, 870 lYlosin for, 870 Ultraviolet radiation ALVand, 523 as disinfectant, 30 Salmonella spp. and, 637 Unique long (UL), 137 Unique short (US), 137 Unslaked lime, 28 UPEC. See Uropathogenic E. coli Uranium, 1240 Urea, 1246 Ureaplasmas, 863 Uric acid, 1176 Urinary system, 1175-78 neoplastic diseases of, 605 Urolitbiasis,125,ll77-78

Uropathogenic E. coli (upEC), 696 Uropygial adenoma, 610 US. See Unique short

V Vaccination, 6, 18-24,318. See also DNA vaccination; Inactivated vaccination; Live vaccination; Recombinant vaccination for adenovirus group I, 261-62 adverse reactions to, 19, 1263--64 for AE, 6, 437-38 for AI, 173-74 for AIS, 934 for ALY, 551 for aMPY, 106 for AMY, 525 for APMv; 245 for APMV·3, 113 for arizonosis, 671 for aspergillosis, 996, 998 for avian encephalomyelitis, 6 for bordetellosis, 783 for botulism, 883 ofbroiter chickens, 130 forLT,146 for campylobacteriosis, 681 with CELO, 261--62 for chlamydiosis, 983 for CIA, 227 for circovirus, 245 for coccidiosis, 875, 1080 delivery of, 20--22 for DH type 1,378-79 for DVE, 390--91 for EDS, 274 for EEE, 417 for erysipelas, 917-18 eye drops for, 130 failure of, 22 with infectious bursal disease, 185 for Fe, 750, 753-54 for FT, 630 forGD,888 genetically engineered, 21-22 forGPY, 402 for HE, 282-83 for histomoniasis, 1100 for HNEG, 396 with H vaccines, 117 for HVT, 468 forIC, 792, 797-98 for infectious anemia, failure of, 22 for infectious bronchitis, 122, 129-30 for infectious bursal disease, 18, 199-200

failure of, 22 intramuscular, 20 for IT, 419 for LPAI, 173 forLT, 137, 1~6 with breeding flocks, 146 Master Seed and, 90 for MD, 5, 318, 453, 481Hl9 for MDPY, 402 for MG, 818-21 forMM,840 monitoring of, 22-24 for MS, 851 mutant, 714 nasal drop, 21 for NO, 90--93, 224 CIA and, 224 forNE,875 nonfat dried milk with, 13 for ORT, 770 for parathyroid gland Salmonella spp. in, 650--51 forPD,630 for PHVl, 407 for pox, 245, 300--303 problems with, 1152, l152f, 12634 for RA, 762 for REV, 580 for rotavirus, 347-48 for Salmonella spp., 19-20 spray, 21,130 for Staphylococcus spp., 896 subcutaneous, 20 forTB,948 forTCY, 335 for viral arthritis, 318 with water, 21-22 for IB, 130 wing web, 22, 438 forWNY, 422 Vaccinia, 174 Vacuum machines, Mycoplasma and, 6 Valgus or varus deformation (VVD), 1157-58 coliform cellulitis and, 735 Vanadium, 1240 "anconnycin, 679 for AIS, 925 for botulism, 883 for chlamydiosis, 973 Van Roekel (VR) type, ofAB, 431, 431f Vapona,31 "ariola gallinarum. See Pox "ariole aviaire. See Pox

INDEX. 1323

Vascular syndromes, of MD, 467t, 477-78 Vaznema zschokkei, 1033 Velvetweed, 1249 Venereal colibacillosis, 691, 706 Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, 174 Venipuncture, 34 Ventilation system, II aspergillosis and, 998 in hatcheries, 8 Vent pecking, 1149 Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), 521 Vetch, 1249 VGP. See Virion glycoprotein Vibrio spp., 961 VIDAS Campylobacter, 680 Viral arthritis, 310--18 age and, 313 biophysical factors with, 311-12 biosecurity for, 318 CAM and, 312 chlorofonn and, 311 clinical signs of, 313-14 CMI with, 316 diagnosis of, 316-18 distribution of, 311 economic significance of, 310 ELISA for, 317-18 epizootiology of, 312-16 ether and, 311 etiology of, 311-12 histopathology of, 314-16 history of, 310--11 hosts of, 312-13 hwnoral immunity with, 316 hydrogen peroxide and, 311 19A and, 316 immunity with, 316 incidence of, 311 incubation period of, 313 interferon with, 316 laboratory hosts for, 312 lesions with, 314 MABs and, 316 morphology of, 311 Mycoplasma spp. and, 316 pathogenesis of, 312-16 pathogenicity of, 312 prevention of, 318 RFLP for, 317 RT·PCRfor, 317 serology for, 317-18 strain classification of, 312 T cells and, 316 temperature an~ 311 transmission of, 313

trypsin and, 311 vaccination for, 318 virus replication of, 311 Viral interference patterns, 523 Virginiamycin, 875-76 Virion glycoprotein (VGP), 519 Virula aviar. See Pox Virus neutralization (VN), 79 for CIA, 226 for DH type 1, 375 for infectious bronchitis, 118, 126 for infectious bursal disease, 188 for LT, 144 for MD, 486 for pox, 299 forREY, 579 Visceral gout, 125, 1176 Viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease (VVND), 75 Vitamin(s), 715, 1123-24 Vitamin A, 6, 734, 1124-25 for botulism, 883 candidiasis and, 1004 sinusitis and, 818 toxicity from, 1240 Vitamin BI (Thiamin), 1130--31 Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), 437, 1131-32 Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), 1134 toxicity from, 1241 Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin), 1135 for hepatic lipidosis, 1175 Vitamin C, 1213 Vitamin D, 1125-28 for botulism, 883 for dyschondroplasia. 1155 eggshells and, 6 toxicity from, 1241 Vitamin E, 716, 734,1128-30 arizonosis and, 670 for botulism, 883 for hepatic lipidosis, 1175 for mycotoxicosis, 1213 Vitamin K, 1130 VN. See Virus neutralization Volvulus, 1172 VR. See Van Roekel type VSv. See Vesicular stomatitis virus VVD. See Valgus or varus deformation VVND. See Viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease

W Warfarin, 1244-45 Wasps, 1014, 1020 Water, 1121. See also Drinking water dehydration and, 1150-51

deprivation of, 4 infectious bursal disease and, 197-98 Waterers, 12-13 litter and, 12 Waterfowl. See also Duck(s); Geese AI in, 368 APMV in. 367 viral infections of, 367-404 WNV in, 368--69 Wattles MD and, 472 removal of, 9 ffiJtt Poultry USA. 3 WEE. See Western equine encephalitis Western blotting, 515 Western equine encephalitis (WEE), 414, 417-18 humans and, 414 West Nile virus (WNV), 414, 419-22 age and, 422 carriers of, 419-20 in chickens, 420--21 clinical signs of, 420--21 diagnosis of, 421-22 differential diagnosis for, 422 distribution of, 419 DNA vaccination for, 422 ELISA for, 421-22 epizootiology of, 419 in geese, 419, 420 history of. 419 hosts of, 419 humans and, 414 immunity with, 421 incidence of, 419 incubation period of, 420 intervention for, 422 maternal immunity with, 421 mosquitos and, 419-20 pathogenesis of, 419 serology for, 421-22 transmission of, 419-20 in turkeys. 421 vaccination for, 422 in waterfowl, 368 Wheat. 1168 WHO. See World Health Organization Wild birds, 7 Al and, 155-56, 166 APMV·2 and, 110 buildings and, II campylobacteriosis in, 677 EEE in, 415 HE and, 278-79 as infection source, 17 nematodes and, 1027t

1324 • INDEX

Wmdpuff, 1172 Wmg rot. See Gangrenous dermatitis Wmg web vaccination, 22 Coc AE,438 WNv. &~ West Nile virus WO
y Yord eggs, 7 Yeast See Fungal infections

Yellow jessamine, 1249 Yew, 1250 Yolk sac infection, 691, 703-4 Yucaipa virus, 783

World l Prxtltry Sden~ Journal. 3 Wonns. See also Cestodes; Nematodes Q,pill.,;",6 earthworms, 1095, 1096

X Xanthoma, 611 Xanthomatosis, 1181

Z Zearaleoone, 1203 Zeoli"", 1213 Zinc, 1141 toxicity from, 1238 Zinc bacitracin (ZnB), 935 dyschondroplasia and, 1J55

Zinc-methionine, 671 Zinc phosphide. 1245 ZnB. See Zinc bacitracin Zoalene, 1234 Zoamix, 1234 Zygomycosis, lOO7 chloramphenicol for, 1007 cycloheximide for, 1007