CORINTH RESULTS
OF EXCAVATIONS
CONDUCTED THE AMERICAN
SCHOOL
BY
OF CLASSICAL
STUDIES
AT ATHENS
VOLUME VII, PART V
CORINTHIAN CONVENTIONALIZING POTTERY BY
MARTHA K. RISSER
THE AMERICAN
SCHOOL
OF CLASSICAL
PRINCETON,
STUDIES
NEW JERSEY 2001
AT ATHENS
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
Data
Risser,Martha K., date Corinthian conventionalizingpottery / by Martha K. Risser. - (Corinth ; vol. 7, pt. 5) p. cm. Includes bibliographicalreferencesand index. ISBN 0-87661-075-0 (acid-freepaper) 2. Corinth (Greece)-Antiquities. I. Title. 1. Pottery, Greek-Greece-Corinth. II. Series. DF261.C65 A6 vol. 7, pt. 5 [NK3840] 938'.7 s-dc21 [738.3'82'09387]
00-025741
) The American School of Classical Studies at Athens 2001
TYPOGRAPHY BY ASCSA PUBLICATIONS CHARLTON STREET, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
6-8
BY EDWARDS BROTHERS, INCORPORATED, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN
For CHARLES KAUFMAN WILLIAMS II, NANCY BOOKIDIS, and PETER TESSNER
CONTENTS PREFACE ................................
........................................
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .............................
I.
INTRODUCTION .............................
II.
CONTEXTS .........................................................
ix
....................................
xi 1
..............................................
........
III. DECORATIVEMOTIFS ......................................................................
23
IV
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES ..............................................
V
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS .......................................................
VI.
SHAPES AND CONTEXTS: EVIDENCE FOR LOCAL USE AND SYSTEMATIC
35 139
EXPORT ...................
173
179
...................................................................... REFERENCES .............................................................. CONCORDANCES INDEXES......................................9............................
.....
187 199
PREFACE MY WORK on this project I received help and encouragement from many sources. I am especially indebted to Charles Kaufman Williams II, former Director of the Corinth Excavations, who suggested the topic to me and guided me toward essential material. He has graciously allowed me to include a great deal of previously unpublished pottery, and I am deeply grateful for his comments, criticisms, and
DURING
support. This study began as my doctoral dissertation, which I completed at the University of Pennsylvania under the direction of Keith DeVries. I am grateful to him for inspiring in me an interest in pottery, for sharing his insights, and for providing me with stimulating questions, comments, and conversations. Patricia Lawrence and Ann B. Brownlee generously read and criticized drafts, and the project has benefited from their considerate advice. Elizabeth G. Pemberton, Ian McPhee, Jane DeRose Evans, and Irene Romano were also very helpful, discussing sections of this work with me. Cornelius Neeft shared his time, advice, and outstanding archival collection at the Allard Pierson Museum. Special thanks are due Nancy Bookidis, whose steadfast guidance and invaluable aid allowed me to see this project to completion. My sincere thanks are due to the members of the Publications staff of the American School of Classical Studies who have contributed to the production of this book. I am grateful to Kerri Cox, Nancy Moore, Suzanne Abrams, and Sarah George Figueira, the editors who guided this book to its final form. All these people made suggestions that proved to be of great value. Deficiencies that remain are entirely my own. The 1984 Foundation, the University of Pennsylvania, Trinity College, and St. Anthony's Hall provided financial support, and I am grateful for their generosity. The Corinth staff provided assistance at all stages of this project and a congenial atmosphere in which to work. Profiles and other illustrations were drawn by Karen Soteriou, and those not inked by her were inked by Mary Chambers, Jane DeRose Evans, Mary Jo Harmelin, Tara Prindle, Leah Reynolds, and Will Schaub. The photographs were taken by Ino Ioannidou and Lenio Bartzioti. While in Italy, I benefited from the generous assistance of Nunzio Allegro, Ageta Villa, Giuseppe Voza, Francesco Bucchieri, Amalia Curcio, Marina Cipriani, Laura Cassataro, Marina Lella, and the Mormino Foundation. Saskia Riedel, Roulina Memmia, Caelie Roccamena, Rosita Longo, and Antonino Bellanca were also helpful. Without Patricia DeFusco, Lori Fritts, Robert Siegal, Libby Leland, Marci Otis, and especially Marcia Waitzman, this project might not have been finished. I would also like to thank Guy Sanders, Anthony D. Macro, James R. Bradley, Rosalie Angelo, Mary Curry, Jean Donohoe, Guy Hedreen, Julie Bentz, Dario Del Puppo, Katherine Lahti, Carmella Dixon, Virginia Anderson-Stojanovic, Massimo Frasca, Concetta Ciurcina, and the library personnel of the University Museum in Philadelphia, the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Trinity College in Hartford, and Yale University. Finally, I thank my husband, Peter Tessner, who provided encouragement, endured my long absences, and showed exemplary patience. The dedication of this volume to him, Nancy Bookidis, and Charles Williams is a token of my gratitude.
ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.
....... Concave and cylindricalpyxides....................................................... ............................................. Flanged pyxis Convex pyxides with lebes rim...............................................................41 Convex pyxides with handles and vertical rim ......................................................... Tripod pyxides..................................................................49 Powderpyxides .................................................................. .................................. ...................................... Kotylai . .................. Kotylai............................................. Kotylai and skyphoi ............................................. Kalathiskoi ............................................. Phialai with plain rims .............................................................. Phialai with offset or flanged rims ............................................................. Lekanides...........................................85 Plates ............................................. Plates ............................................. Exaleiptra............................................. Cylindrical,broad-bottomedoinochoai ........................................................ Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoai ................................................................ Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoai .............................................................. Hydriskoi..................................................................120 Lekythoi .............................................................124 Feeders/Fillers............................................. Krateriskoi.............................................................. ...... ....... ....................... Kantharoi..................... Kana. ...................................................... Thymiateria .............................................................135 Kotylai of the Corinth BK Workshop..............................................................144 Kotylai of the Stele Shrine A Workshop............................................................. .................... Winchester Group................................................... . ..................................... Wide of Sam the Group Kylikes Plates of the Sam Wide Group..............................................................170
36 38 46 50 56 57 65 73 78 79 91 94 100 104 109 114
125 127 129 132
147 156 166
TABLES
1. Development of common decorative elements ........................................................ 2. A comparison of the numbers of Conventionalizingvessels representedin mid-6th- through late-4th-centuryfunerary,religious, and domestic contexts............................................
24 174
CORINTHIAN CONVENTIONALIZING POTTERY
I INTRODUCTION SCOPE AND TERMINOLOGY The material presented in this volume was first isolated as a separate class of pottery by Agnes Newhall Stillwell. The term "Conventionalizing" was coined by Stillwell to describe the Corinthian pottery styles that developed around and after the middle of the 6th century B.C. According to Stillwell, "The patterns used on [Conventionalizing vases] appear to be almost entirely geometric or abstract, but in origin most of them are probably living motifs [that have] become extremely stylized through constant or uncomprehending repetition, or else [are] careless imitations of patterns from other wares, notably Attic."1 The term "Conventionalizing" is here used in the sense implied by this definition and Stillwell's article, to define Archaic and Classical finewares decorated predominantly with black and red painted bands, geometric and abstract patterns, and floral motifs.2 Occasionally vases are figured, though figured decoration is uncommon. In her discussion of channel 1964-1 (deposit 23), E. G. Pemberton rejected the word "Conventionalizing," arguing that "the evidence of the Vrysoula deposit speaks against the aptness of the term."3 Her point is not without merit, but in this volume the term "Conventionalizing" is nonetheless maintained in preference to other identification systems. First, the vases do form a cohesive corpus of shapes, technology, fabric, and decorative motifs. Second, on the basis of decoration alone, many individual vases would fit into several categories. Linear decoration may occur alone or together with floral motifs and occasionally with figured scenes. The separation of these vases into smaller categories based upon their decoration results in a hierarchical model in which figured scenes, though least common, are most important. Floral motifs become secondary in importance, while abstract patterns are the least significant. This model has been very useful for studies of Corinthian vase painting before the mid 6th century and for the black-figured and redfigured wares that imitate Attic vase painting, but it is not appropriate for the Conventionalizing material. Divisions based on decoration alone obscure the evidence derived from documenting the evolution of vessel shapes. The shapes of the vessels and all types of decoration thereon must be considered together. Some vases that have elsewhere been described as "Conventionalizing" are not included in this study. The definition of "Conventionalizing" is sometimes expanded to serve as a catch-all for Corinthian finewares datable around or after the middle of the 6th century that were not clearly plain, black-glazed, semiglazed, or imitations of Attic pottery. Mary Zelia Pease and Mary Thorne Campbell included other classes of Corinthian pottery, such as kotylai, which are basically black-glazed but have a reserved band, sometimes decorated with rays, above the foot.4 These kotylai are better understood as variants of their fully black-glazed counterparts. The same is true of Vrysoula goblets and the Mu-Pi Series, which are entirely black-glazed and embellished with some added white decoration. Although white-on-black decoration is sometimes used on limited areas of Conventionalizing pots, the Vrysoula goblets and the Mu-Pi Series are more closely related by shape to black-glazed wares, and thus they are excluded from the Conventionalizing category. Newhall 1931, p. 16.
2 Newhall 1931. 3
Pemberton 1970, p. 269.
4 Pease 1937, p. 283, nos. 65-75 (Attic counterparts are listed as black-glazed on pp. 273-274); Campbell 1938, pp. 588-595; 1946, pp. 108-131.
2
INTRODUCTION
Largevases with outlined decoration are also excluded because the shapes, fabric, and execution of design are very differentfrom those of Conventionalizingwares.5 The Sam Wide Group, on the other hand, is included under the Conventionalizing category because of the prominent use of red along with black, the shapes (especially the plates and pyxides), the use of Conventionalizing
motifs, and the placement of those motifs. A BRIEF HISTORY OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH A full account of the history of scholarshipon Corinthianpottery has been providedby Darrell A. Amyx, and no attempt is made to duplicate it here.6 What follows is intended as a supplement. While some post-550 B.C. Corinthian pottery had been studied, it was so little known that its place of manufacture was generally misidentified until 1931.7 That year, Humfry Payne and Stillwell each published their work on this pottery, identifying the vases as Corinthian products.8 Stillwell applied terms that described the decoration of the vases, while Payne used "Late Corinthian II," a chronological rather than a stylistic designation, to describe Corinthian pottery produced after 550 B.C.9 Since then, terminology has varied widely, as some scholarshave followed Stillwell, and others have followed Payne. In Perachora II, R. J. Hopper and T. J. Dunbabin catalogued nonfigured, Late Corinthian (LC) I finewares under the heading "Linear." "Conventionalizing"was used to describe later finewares that were not monochrome, black-glazed, or imitations of Attic wares.10The authors note, however,that distinctionsbetween "Linear"and "Conventionalizing"styles are not always XV, iii), easilydrawn.1 In theirvolume on the potteryfromthe Potters'Quarter at Corinth (Corinth Stillwell and J. L. Benson divided 7th- and 6th-century pottery into two groups on the basis of decoration. "Linear"decorationwas distinguishedfrom "Orientalizing"or "Figural"decoration, and the last categoryincluded floralpatterns.Palmerisolated and describednonfigureddecorated pottery of the 7th through 4th centuries B.C. as "patternvases" in her publication of the graves in the North Cemetery.l2 Vases with floral motifs were included in this category. In her volume on the pottery from the Demeter sanctuary at Corinth (CorinthXVIII, i), Pemberton uses the term
"Conventionalizing,"but material with simple linear motifs, or with bands only, is catalogued under the heading "Nonfigured." Romilly Jenkins used the same basic nomenclature as Payne in his study of the terracotta
heads that sometimes embellish convex pyxides, but he subdivided LC material into four groups by splitting Payne's Late Corinthian II into three parts.13Jenkins' Late Corinthian I and II cover the second quarter and the middle of the 6th century and are followed by Late Corinthian III and IV This division by criteria based on the moldmade elements does not reflect changes in
the vessel shapes or the painted decoration of the pottery. Others have used "LateCorinthianII" and "LateCorinthianIII" differently,as chronological divisions to distinguish between Archaic and Classical pottery.14Denise Callipolitis-Feytmans placed the transition between Late Corinthian II and III in the early 5th century,while Stillwell and Benson preferreda slightlyhigher date of around 500 B.C.15 In Stillwell and Benson'svolume on the pottery from the Potters' Quarter at Corinth, LC II material, like earlier pottery, was subdivided on the basis of decoration. This division was not employed for the LC III wares.16 5
6
Corinth XVIII, i, pp. 129-134. CorVP,chap. 1, pp. 355-361.
7 For example, Wide (1901) thought the workshop he had identified was Boeotian, while Folzer (1906) considered her no. 80, pl. 6 (British Museum A1320, Necrocorinthia, p. 336, no. 1533) to be Rhodian.
8 Necrocorinthia;Stillwell 1931.
9
Vecrocorinthia, pp. 331-338.
10 Black-glazed ray-based kotylai were noted in a separate II, p. 261, no. 2533, chapter on drinkingvessels. See Perachora
and sentence following no. 2683 on p. 277. 1 Perachora II, p. 272. 12 Corinth XIII, pp. 100-101. 13 Jenkins 1931-1932, pp. 34-40; Perachora I, pp. 101-102, 191-241. 14 XV, iii, passim. Callipolitis-Feytmans1962; Corinth 15 XV, iii, p. 297. Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 138; Corinth 16 See Benson'scomments, CorinthXV, iii, p. 269, forthe reasons behind this. For further comments, see Lawrence 1986b andJohnston 1986.
GENERAL REMARKS ON TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY
Amyx prefers further subdivision
of the nomenclature
for Corinthian
3
pottery proposed by
of theArPayne.17 Most Conventionalizing pottery is beyond the scope of CorinthianVase-Painting chaic Period,and in this work, Amyx simply refers to the Mu-Pi Series, the Vrysoula Workshop, and the Sam Wide Group as "some very late groupings." 18 He does, however, use the terms "Late Corinthian II" and "Late Corinthian III" elsewhere in his text. 19 The terms "Late Corinthian II" and "Late Corinthian III" are not used in the present volume, for with the exception of Callipolitis-Feytmans' discussion of Corinthian plates, the extent to which Late Corinthian II and III can be distinguished and how these categories should be defined with regard to shape and decoration have never been explicitly stated.20 Definitions for Late Corinthian II and III are difficult to use because changes in shapes and decoration do not consistently coincide. Some, such as the introduction of free-floating bud decoration, occur at the end of the 6th century or the beginning of the 5th, supporting Benson's placement of the transition between Late Corinthian II and III at ca. 500. An examination of maeander patterns, on the other hand, makes Callipolitis-Feytmans' date of ca. 480 more attractive for this transition. Furthermore, the period encompassed by Late Corinthian III is quite long, covering further chronological changes in the decoration and shape development of Conventionalizing vases. It may be tempting to add a Late Corinthian IV because the pottery undergoes marked change during the third quarter of the 5th century, and perhaps another division or two for the 4th century. Such divisions, however, may cause more problems than they solve. There are already several different systems of nomenclature in the scholarly literature. One of these subdivides material of the second half of the 6th century into Late Corinthian II through IV21 The expansion of the system initiated by Payne, in which "Late Corinthian II" is used for all Conventionalizing pottery, or the introduction of still another system, could therefore lead to confusion. Thus, in this work, absolute dates are suggested for vases instead. GENERAL REMARKS ON TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY Since Payne's survey of Corinthian vase painting was published in 1931, Conventionalizing wares of Corinthian manufacture have been discussed primarily through their associations with other finds and in connection with the publication of specific deposits. For example, Campbell and Pease published Conventionalizing pottery among other material found in wells at Corinth, and an exceptionally large deposit found near the Vrysoula spring has been published by Pemberton.22 Conventionalizing wares were also common in the North Cemetery graves, published by Carl W. Blegen, Hazel Palmer, and Rodney S. Young.23 Stratified deposits that included Conventionalizing pottery have also been excavated at Corinth, hence the volumes on the pottery of the Potters' Quarter and the Demeter sanctuary are especially important.24 Pemberton provided typologies of vase shapes found in the Demeter sanctuary at Corinth.25 John Boardman contributed a study of miniature votive kotylai found at Tocra.26 CallipolitisFeytmans' shape study of the Corinthian plate includes arguments for dividing the Conventionalizing wares into two chronological groups.27 Other publications of Conventionalizing pottery have relied primarily upon the presence of Attic wares or of coins for dating the contexts in which Conventionalizing wares are found. The present attempt to provide a typological and chronological framework for future investigations of Corinthian Conventionalizing pottery is based on these 17 Amyx 1943, pp. 214-215. 18 CorVP,pp. 272-277.
19 CorVP. See, for example, pp. 395, 469. Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, pp. 138-141. 21 Jenkins 1931-1932, pp. 34-40; Perachora I, pp. 101-102, 191-241. 22 Campbell 1938; Pease 1937; Pemberton 1970. 20
23
CorinthXIII.
XV, iii; Corinth Corinth XVIII, i. 25 Corinth XVIII, i, esp. pp. 10-12 (hydriskoi),19-25 (kalathiskoi),31-34 (phialai), 49-52 (plates). 26 TocraII, pp. 9, 14. 27 Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, pp. 19, 138-143. 24
INTRODUCTION
4
studies and an analysisof ceramic and contextual evidence from the excavationsin Corinth of the American School of Classical Studies. To understand how Conventionalizing pottery developed, it is necessary to examine Corin-
thian pottery of pre-Conventionalizingperiods. Since the earlier pottery is handled elsewhere, it will be discussed here only insofar as it provides evidence relevant to the development of the Conventionalizingmaterial.28Hence the focus of this study of Corinthian finewares is on shapes and subsidiarydecoration. Although figured wares are better understood, nonfigured decorated pottery was continuously
produced at Corinth in an uninterrupted stylistic sequence from the late 8th century into the Hellenistic period.29Many of the Conventionalizingshapes, including powder pyxides, concave pyxides, straight-sidedpyxides, round aryballoi, alabastra, kotylai, broad-bottomed oinochoai, and plates, were in production at Corinth during the Protocorinthian (PC) period. Likewise, some
decorative elements were already in use. The painters of the Thapsos Class decorated pottery with rectilinearand curvilinearmotifs.30Lines, bands, and dicing are often the only decorationon Protocorinthianaryballoi.31Lines, vertical bars, four-barsigmas, and a vertical zigzag cover an early-7th-centuryplate.32Vases with linear decoration alone, particularlykotylai, were produced throughout the 7th century.33Starburstswere painted in the handle panels of kotylai as early as the Middle Protocorinthian (MPC) period.34 Multiple bands of dots appeared in the Late Protocorinthian (LPC) period, as developments from checkerboard and diced bands.
Ring-foot exaleiptra, tripod pyxides, and handled convex pyxides were introduced during the Early Corinthian (EC) period.35 Horizontal bands of vertical zigzags became common on the rims of EC kotylai and concave pyxides.36Bands of zetas developed from the S's that can be traced back to the Early Protocorinthianperiod (EPC).37 In the Early Corinthian period, the number of shapes that could receive only patterned deco-
ration was enlarged. The earliest Type I kalathiskoi may date to the Late Protocorinthian period, but they became much more common in the Early Corinthian period.38Broad-bottomed oinochoai of this time were sometimes covered with simple bands.39EC aryballoi and alabastra were often decorated entirely with bands and rows of dots. Some kotylai and pyxides were already
taking on a "Conventionalizing"appearance at this time, with decorative schemes that would remain common through the middle of the 6th century.40A kotyle from the Potters' Quarter, for example, has a double-dotted band at mid-body, vertical squiggles in the handle zone, and the remainder of the exterior decorated with lines and bands.41 The bottle appeared at the end of the Early Corinthian period.42 This shape often bears only patterned decoration, foreshadowing the Conventionalizing style even though the shape itself
did not last beyond the middle of the 6th century. Patterned examples of the bottle tend to be decorated with lines and rows of dots.43 28 CorVP (and bibliographytherein). 29 For a discussion of
pre-Conventionalizing wares, see
CorVP,pp. 363-395. 30 For recent discussions of the Thapsos class, see IsthmiaVIII, pp. 272-277; Pfaff 1999, pp. 58-59. For the motifs see also Neeft 1981. 31 Neeft (1987) uses the term "linear" to describe Protocorinthian aryballoiwithout figured decoration. 32 Corinth XV, iii, pp. 266-267, no. 1470, pls. 61, 119 (KP2151). 33 Williams 1981b, pp. 140-142. 34 Necrocorinthia, E.g., p. 11, pl. 4:1-2. 35 For the introduction of the pedestaled exaleiptron, see CorVP,pp. 470-471; for tripod pyxides, see CorVP,pp. 454-
456; for convex pyxides, see CorVP,pp. 448-453, and Callipolitis-Feytmans1973. 36 E.g., Corinth VII, ii, pls. 8, 9; CorVP,pl. 52. 37 See CorinthXV, iii, pls. 8, 9 for several EPC examples. EC examples with zeta bands include CorinthVII, ii, no. 61 (CP-2448), pl. 10. 38 Corinth XVIII, i, p. 22. 39 Corinth XV, iii, p. 278, no. 1518 (KP-1310), pl. 62. E.g., 40 E.g., Corinth XV, iii, pp. 276-277, nos. 1507-1509 (KP1593, KP-93, KP-664), pl. 62. 41
42 43
CorinthXV, iii, p. 270, no. 1481 (KP-555), pl. 62.
CorVP,pp. 501-502. E.g., CorinthXIII, p. 186, no. 159-8 (T-3240), pl. 24.
GENERAL REMARKS ON TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY
5
Lekanides, stemmed pyxides, and mastoi appeared in the Middle Corinthian period.44The horizontal bands so common on patterned wares are wider on Middle Corinthian (MC) vases than on EC pottery.Outlined tongues become common on the shoulders of closed vessels.45The net-dot pattern appeared for the first time and was used with increasing frequency.46A pyxis by the GeladakisPainter shows what may be a predecessorof the stepped-trianglemotif.47 During Late Corinthian I, patterned flat-bottomed aryballoi and amphoriskoi became common.48 Like bottles, these shapes were most often decorated with lines, bands, and rows of dots. All
the motifs mentioned above continue, and the alternatingstepped-trianglepattern now appeared in its Conventionalizing form. The "White Style" was very popular at this time.49This is a style
in which subsidiary decoration continues to appear in its customary zones on a pot, but those
zones that would otherwise carry figured friezes are reserved. The White Style is particularly common on convex shapes, such as exaleiptra and some pyxides. The White Style continued after the middle of the 6th century, but the general trend in the second half of the 6th century was toward a heavy patterning of vases, and this marks the introduction of the Conventionalizing
style. Multiple, and often relativelynarrow,horizontal registersof bands, lines, and abstractand floral decoration are typical. During the middle decades of the 6th century, we see a shift from greenish to pinkish buff fabrics as clay sources around the city were abandoned in favor of those on the slopes of Acrocorinth.50 Forthe most part, vase shapes continued to develop along the same lines around and afterthe middle of the 6th century as in earlier periods. A few shapes, such as the bottle, disappeared, while
others, such as the hydria and the krater,received Conventionalizing decoration only on their miniatureforms after the mid-6th century.The only new vase shapes introduced at this time were a few variant forms associated with the Winchester, Serpentine, and Spiral Groups. The entire first quarter of the 5th century was a time of change. The closed single maeander, for example, nearly disappeared during or shortly after this time, and new maeander types were
introduced. Dots became common on the lips of plates, phialai, and kana around the beginning of the 5th century. The use of added color in lotus-palmette friezes was rare after the early 5th century. The ivy vine seems to have been introduced in the early part of the 5th century, and while palmettes with separately painted fronds may have originated in the late 6th century, they
were essentially a 5th-century development. Other changes in decoration occurred slightlylater. Conventionalizingvessels of the 6th century often have rays painted on their lower bodies. Rays continued to rise from the bases of some vases throughout the first quarter of the 5th century but disappeared around the end of this period or shortly thereafter. The use of multiple, relatively narrow registers, which characterizes Conventionalizing decoration of the 6th century, continued in the first half of the 5th century. Major changes, however, can be seen in the types of decorative
patterns used. Loops and whorls were used in the second half of the 6th century,and curvilinear patterns such as spiralsbecame more common in the 5th century. Some shapes underwent radical changes. Kalathiskoibecame proportionallytaller and more slender by the beginning of the 5th century. The last Conventionalizing aryballoi date to the early 5th century. The low, broad-bottomed oinochoe of the 6th century developed into the straight-sided, broad-bottomed oinochoe in the early 5th century. Phialai developed incurving 44
CorV:Ppp. 456 (stemmed pyxides), 465-468
(lekanides),
502-503 (mastoi). 45 See, for example, Amyx 1996, p. 17, no. 50, pl. 14 (CP-2371), a fragmentaryoinochoe described as "Dodwellian in character,but not by the Painter himself." 46 See, for example(s), CorVP,pp. 188, A48 (CP-2394a-c, a kotyle by the Patras Painter), p. 197, A3 (= Necrocorinthia, no. 991, a kylix by the Cavalcade Painter).
47 CorVP,p. 214, Al (= 48
ecrocorinthia,no. 868).
CorVP,pp. 444-445 (flat-bottomed aryballoi), 496-497 (amphoriskoi).Patterned, flat-bottomed aryballoi were produced in the Early Corinthian period as well, but see CorVP, p. 444. 49 CorVP, pp. 450, 456, 469, 473, 483, 497; CorinthVII, i, p. 83; Corinth XIII, p. 101. 50 Torrisiet al. 1996.
INTRODUCTION
6
rims with outward-projecting lips at this time. An examination of lekanides shows that the 6thcentury trend for the Conventionalizing version of this shape to become taller and narrower with time was now reversed. By the end of the first quarter of the 5th century, Conventionalizing lekanides were becoming lower and broader. The first quarter of the 5th century was also a time of experimentation with plate shapes, as several new variants emerged. Further changes occurred in the second half of the 5th century. A renewed interest in figured work is seen, especially in the products of the Vrysoula Workshop and the Sam Wide Group. The former shows a preference for animals and closed shapes, the latter, for human figures and open shapes. New shapes, such as the concave broad-bottomed oinochoe and the thymiaterion, were introduced. Large Conventionalizing oinochoai are rare. Some of the large 5th-century vessels that have been identified as oinochoai may rather be of the same shape as the Merlin Painter's name vase, described by Payne as an "amphora without handles."51 A trend toward an overall lightening of vases can be seen. A single central zone of decoration is emphasized on vases, as registers of decorative zones are of different height. Many of the vases of the Vrysoula Workshop are decorated with black bands that carry added white decoration, but there is no evidence that this use of added white decoration is found before or after the period represented by the pottery deposit in channel 1964-1 (deposit 23). The use of added white paint can be traced to later MC pottery and was used in the Mu-Pi Series.52 White paint was not commonly used on Conventionalizing pottery, however, except on Vrysoulan vases. In the 4th century, the lightening of vases continued, as less of the surface of a vase was covered with painted patterns. Figured work was still produced but was uncommon. Shapes were less varied, and some shapes dropped out completely. By the second half of the 4th century, the repertoire of shapes was quite limited, and some occurred only in miniature. The fabric is heavy and tends to be flaky. Glaze peels, often leaving no stain as it did on vessels from earlier times. ORGANIZATION In the following discussion, the contextual evidence is presented first, followed by an examination of decorative motifs employed by Conventionalizing painters, a typology of Corinthian Conventionalizing pottery organized by shape, and a study of the groups, workshops, and individual hands that can be distinguished in the material. Conclusions regarding local and foreign ceramic assemblages, trade, and the geographical spread of Corinthian Conventionalizing pottery in the ancient world are briefly addressed in the final chapter of this volume. The terms used herein are those defined and discussed by Pemberton in CorinthXVIII, i, pages xv-xvii, 6-7. Measurements are given in meters and followed by Munsell numbers. Vases are described from the bottom to the top of the exterior, then from the top of the rim to the center of the floor. Lids are described from bottom to top as well. In keeping with the format usually followed in Corinthvolumes, pertinent sections of the catalogue follow the discussions in the fourth and fifth chapters. All dates are B.C. unless specifically stated otherwise. GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS D.
= diameter
max.
= maximum
EC EPC Est.
= Early Corinthian = Early Protocorinthian = estimated
H.
= height
LC LPC
= Late Corinthian = Late Protocorinthian
MC MPC M.P.D. PC Th.
= = = = =
W
= width
51 Necrocorinthia, p. 337, no. 1553. See below pp. 149-151.
52
Middle Corinthian Middle Protocorinthian maximum preserved dimension Protocorinthian thickness
CorVP,pp. 273-275.
II CONTEXTS
THE
TYPOLOGY and chronology of CorinthianConventionalizingpottery presentedin this
volume are based primarily on dated deposits and strata found by the Corinth Excavations of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. The chronological problems encountered in
dating the Archaic and Classicalpottery of Corinth, namely,a dependence on the Attic sequence, the uncertainty of dating if Attic elements are absent, and revisions to earlier chronologies, have been discussed by Pemberton.1 Terminal dates for Corinthian Conventionalizing wares are particularly difficult to establish. Conventionalizing pottery was produced well into the 4th
century, perhaps into the early Hellenistic period, but little late Conventionalizing pottery has been found in securely dated contexts.2 The discussion of pottery contexts is divided into four parts. Part I is a list and description of
deposits, the datable wells, drains, pits, channels, and graves in which Conventionalizingpottery has been found. These are given in chronological order of deposition. North Cemetery graves and
deposits are presented separatelyin part II, and contexts from the Potters'Quarter are considered in part III. Lots (excludingthose from the deposits discussedin parts I and III) used in this study are discussedin part IV3 I. DEPOSITS 1. Well 1947-4 (Southeast Building 1:23) A fill containing materialof the first,second, and third quarters of the 6th century was dumped into a well in the late 5th century. Broneer 1947, pp. 237-238; CorinthVII, iii, p. 199, deposit 2; Bentz 1982, pp. 57, 285-365, deposit 3; Brownlee 1989, pp. 364-365. Contents include 45, 101, 109, 110, 118, 188-190, 192, 256, 257, 362, 363, 367, 614-621, and 663. 2. Grave 1916-47 "Grave 22A" in Corinth notebook 82. In or east of the North Cemetery. Bentz 1982, pp. 175-178, grave Al. Bentz dates this grave in the second quarter of the 6th century Contents include 104-107. 3. Well 1953-1 (Tavernof Aphrodite T-U:2, now Building III) Ca. 600-540. Household rubbish. Morgan 1953, I Corinth XVIII, i, pp. 2-5. See CorVP,pp. 426-429 for dat-
ing the LC I/LC II transitionca. 550. See also Tivarios 19851986; Steinhart 1992, p. 496; Harrison 1996. MC pottery has been found in mid-6th-century contexts at Sindos (Tivarios 1985-1986), Apollonia (CorVP,p. 422), Sardis (SardisM10, pp. 52-53), and Gordion (Keith DeVries, pers. comm.). Such finds are perhaps too regular to be dismissed as heirlooms. More likely,just as EC and MC styles overlap in the early 6th century (see Lawrence 1996, pp. 82-83), some painters continued to work in an MC style long after their contemporaries
pp. 135-136; Brann 1956; CorinthVII, iii, p. 199, deposit 1; Bentz 1982, p. 7, deposit 4; Pemberton 1970, p. 304, deposit 1. Contents include 43, 92, 93, 191, 253, and 364. 4. Grave 1954-15 Korakou (Lechaion) Cemetery, grave C15. Mid 6th century.Eliot and Eliot 1968, p. 351. Contentsinclude 5 and 115. 5. Grave 1916-24 "Sarcophagos24" in Corinth notebook 82. In or east of the North Cemetery Bentz 1982, pp. 184-185, grave A6. Bentz dates this grave in the last quarterof the 6th century.The profile of 127, from this deposit, indicates that the date is probablylate in that quarter. 6. Grave 1916-14 "Sarcophagos21" in Corinth notebook 82. In or east brought LC ideas into fashion. Some of the late MC pieces show LC influence. For example, a kotyle from Sindos (Sindos,p. 57, no. 77) carries MC patterns (Tivarios 1985-1986, pp. 74-75) on a shape close to those of 108-110. 2 Conventionalizing pottery still may have been in use in the late 4th and early 3rd centuries, as Anderson-Stojanovic (1993, p. 297) notes the presence of "Late Corinthian patterned ware" in layers 12 and 13 of the Rachi well at Isthmia. 3 Since 1959, uninventoriedcontext pottery from the Corinth excavationshas been saved in lots. See Stroud 1965, p. 7.
CONTEXTS
8
of the North Cemetery. Bentz 1982, pp. 186-187, graveA8. Bentz dates this gravein the late 6th century. Contents include 72 and 131. 7. Grave 1916-23
quarter if not the last third of the 5th century.4 Furthermore, a lid found in this cistern, 645, is from the VrysoulaWorkshop.Contents also include 340. 15. Pit 1965-2 (Demeter sanctuary Q:26, Room E)
"Sarcophagos20" in Corinth notebook 82. In or east of the North Cemetery. Bentz 1982, pp. 185-186, graveA7. Bentz dates this gravein the late 6th century. Contents include 130.
First half of the 5th century. Stroud 1968, pp. 304305, pottery pocket; CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 84-87, group 3; CorinthXVIII, iii, pp. 159, 211, note 93. Contents include 225 and 228.
8. Well 1937-3 (Agora South Central I-J:24-25) Basically second half of the 6th century,with the latest material dating to the early 5th century. Household rubbish. Campbell 1938; Corinth VII, iii, p. 199, Pemberton 2; Bentz 304, 1970, 3; deposit p. deposit 1982, pp. 8-9, deposit 7. Contents include 51, 74, 134, 137, 138, 143, 182, 183, 195, 196, 297, 320, 369, and 371-373.
16. Well 1970-1 (ForumWest, west of Temple J) First half of the 5th century and perhaps into the third quarter. Bentz 1982, p. 9, deposit 10; Steiner 1992, p. 401; Brownlee 1995, p. 341. Forposition, see Lavezzi 1978, p. 403, fig. 1, or Williams 1979, p. 106, fig. 1. Contents include 435.
9. Pit 1931-1 (Road west of Shear House) Early 5th century. CorinthVII, iii, pp. 199-200, deposit 4; Bentz 1982, p. 9, deposit 9; Pemberton 1970, p. 304, deposit 3. Contents include 48, 282, and 403. 10. Well 1947-1 (Pit, Southeast Building B-C:21-22) Domestic deposit from the firstquarterof the 5th cenI, v, p. 4; Bentz 1982, p. 9, deposit 8. Eartury. Corinth lier publications dated this ca. 500-490, but Brownlee (1995, p. 374) dated one cup, no. 282 (C-47-209), ca. 485-475. This slight downdatingis consistentwith the evidence of the Conventionalizing pottery. Contents include 3, 135, 136, 147, 148, 223, and 398. 11. Pit 1965-3 (Demeter sanctuary O-P:21-22) First half of the 5th century,filled in and coveredwith tiles shortly after ca. 450. Stroud 1968, pp. 311-312, pit E; CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 87-88, group 4; Corinth XVIII, iii, pp. 163-167. Contents include 226 and 227. 12. Grave 1916-26 "Sarcophagos 28A" in Corinth notebook 82. In or east of the North Cemetery Bentz 1982, pp. 203204, grave A16. Bentz dates this grave to the first quarter of the 5th century.Contents include 49. 13. Grave 1954-16 Korakou (Lechaion) Cemetery, grave C16. Ca. 480470. Eliot and Eliot 1968, pp. 357-359. Contents include 208. 14. Cistern 1940-3 (Tile WorksL'-N':6-8, "WellC") CorinthVII, iii, p. 205, deposit 26; Weinberg 1954, p. 130. Previously,this deposit was thought to date from the 6th to the first half of the 5th century, but some of the materialis certainlylater.An unpublished palmette antefix is of the "fine style." Charles K. Williams II suggests that this antefix dates to the third 4 Pers. comm., May 1989.
17. Grave 1916-52 "Grave44" in Corinth notebook 82. In or east of the North Cemetery.Bentz 1982, pp. 242-247, graveA40. Bentz dates this grave in the second quarterof the 5th century.Contents include 160. 18. Grave 1916-63 "Grave45" in Corinth notebook 82. In or east of the North Cemetery.Bentz 1982, pp. 220-223, graveA31. Bentz dates this grave in the second quarterof the 5th century.Contents include 304. 19. Well 1939-1 (MuseumWest K:23) First half and into the third quarter of the 5th century.Domestic deposit. Weinberg 1939, pp. 596-597; CorinthVII, iii, p. 200, deposit 8; Pemberton 1970, p. 305, deposit 7; Bentz 1982, pp. 7-8, 366-469, deposit 6; Brownlee 1989, p. 365; CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 37, note 100, 39, note 109. Contents include 44, 47, 91, 108, 111, 123, 145, 161, 181, 193, 194, 199, 204, 221, 230, 258, 271, 397, and 483. 20. Well 1937-2 (Agora South Central T: 17-18) Protocorinthianwell with 5th-century dumped fill at VII, i, pp. 45top 1.2 m. Morgan 1937, p. 547; Corinth nos. 153-173. An 49, unpublished overfitting lid, C-37-596, is similar to the lid of 49 and is surely from the 5th-century fill. 21. Well 1936-10 (South Basilica S:11) Ca. 500-420 but possibly contaminated as a Roman Cypriot flanged bowl or lid fragment and two bronze coins were found. Pease 1937, p. 257, note 3; Corinth VII, iii, p. 201, deposit 11; Pemberton 1970, p. 306, deposit 11; Bentz 1982, p. 10, deposit 12. One of the bronze coins is an illegible fragment. The otheris a Pegasos/Trident coin, usuallydated ca. 400146 B.C. For a discussion of bronze Pegasos/Trident coins found in 5th-century contexts at Corinth, see Zervos 1986, pp. 184, 203, note on coins 11 and 12. If the coins in well 1936-10 are to be regarded as part
I. DEPOSITS
of the deposit, they provide additional evidence for raisingthe beginning date of the issues. Except for the Roman Cypriot fragment, none of the pottery in this well appearsto be later than ca. 420. Contents include 451 and 669. 22. Well 1934-10 (Agora Southwest E-K:30-37) Ca. 460-420. Household and pottery shop debris. Pease 1937; CorinthVII, iii, p. 201, deposit 10; Pemberton 1970, pp. 305-306, deposit 10; Corinth VII, iv, Bentz 1982, 17-18, 3; 10, deposit p. deposit 11; pp. MacDonald 1982, p. 117; Brownlee 1989, p. 365; 1995, p. 341; Pemberton 1997a, pp. 68-69, 72-72; 1997b, pp. 412-413. Contents include 7, 64, 70, 95, 169-171, 215, 216, 235, 268, 269, 377-380, 405, 406, 410-417, 436, 437, 439, 448, 449, 572-574, 586, and 599. 23. Channel 1964-1 (Vrysoula) Ca. 450-410. Potters' dump. Pemberton 1970; CorinthXVIII, i, p. 126, note 2. Contents include 8, 16, 28, 29, 66, 96, 172, 173, 236, 273, 274, 291, 292, 309-313, 355-357, 381, 407, 421-426, 442-447, 450, 453, 466-468, 470-473, 478, 485-489, 503, 515, 520-537, 558, and 589-597. 24. Pit 1961-2 (Demeter sanctuary Q:25) Last quarter of the 5th century. Stroud 1965, pp. 67, pit A; CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 89-90, Group 5; CorinthXVIII, iii, pp. 161-162. Contents include 245 and 246. 25. Grave 1916-45 "Grave 38A" in Corinth notebook 82. In or east of the North Cemetery. Bentz 1982, pp. 275-277, grave A56. Bentz dates this grave in the last quarterof the 5th century.Contents include 317. 26. Well 1930-8 (Potters'Quarter.TerracottaFactory) Mainly 5th century, but the latest material seems to date to the first half of the 4th century. Corinth XV, i, XV, iii, p. 210, well III. Contents include p. 25; Corinth 36 and 336. 27. Well 1937-1 (Agora South Central B-C:18-19) In an unpublished paper in the library of the American School of Classical Studies Corinth Excavations, D. Kazazis, S. Morris, and T. McNiven suggest that deposits 27 and 28 are contemporary and share a terminal date of ca. 375. CorinthVII, iii, p. 216, deposit 79; Pemberton 1970, pp. 306-307, deposit 13; CorinthVII, iv, pp. 18-19, deposit 4; McPhee 1976, XVIII, i, p. 3, note 16; pp. 388-389, 394-395; Corinth Brownlee 1995, p. 341; McPhee 1997, p. 124; Pemberton 1997a, pp. 50, 74, 76; 1997b, p. 417. Contents include 65. 28. Drain 1937-1 (Agora South Central B-F:19-20) Most of the material is datable to the first quarter of
9
the 4th century,but McPhee shows that some pieces may be as late as 360. Morgan 1937, p. 547; CorinthVII, iii, p. 217, deposit 80; Corinth VII, iv, pp. 1921, deposit 5; McPhee 1976, pp. 387-388; CorinthXVIII, i, p. 3, note 16; Brownlee 1995, p. 341; McPhee 1997, pp. 124-125; Pemberton 1997a, p. 50, note 3; 1997b, pp. 417-418. Contents include 34, 35, 69, 86, 88, 89, 248, 279, 384-389, and 494. 29. Well 1915-2 (Julian Basilica, well V) Mainly firsthalf of the 4th century,with Roman sherd from near the top. CorinthI, v, p. 37; CorinthVII, iv, p. 22, deposit 7; McPhee 1976, p. 396, no. 48; Williams and Russell 1981, p. 24, note 37. Contents include 97. 30. Pit 1937-1 (Agora South Central N-0:21-23) Third quarter of the 4th century,perhaps to ca. 320. Upper fill Byzantine. Morgan 1937, p. 547; CorinthVII, iii, pp. 221-222, deposit 90; Corinth VII, iv, XVIII, i, pp. 3, note 16, pp. 23-24, deposit 10; Corinth 44, note 143; Pemberton 1997a, p. 71; 1997b, p. 418. Next to deposit 32 (drain 1971-1), with at least one pottery join between the pit and the drain. See Williams and Fisher 1972, pp. 154, 156, no. 18. Contents include 18, 37-39, and 98. 31. Well 1975-4 (ForumSouthwest 74:D, under south tower of West Shops) Third quarterof the 4th century.Williamsand Fisher 1976, pp. 117-124. Also see Anderson-Stojanovic 1993, pp. 265, 274, no. 11. A votive pit rather than a well. Contents include 280. 32. Drain 1971-1 (ForumWest between BuildingsI and II) Mainly second and third quarters of the 4th century, with some materialperhapsas late as ca. 320. Williams and Fisher 1972, pp. 155-163; Corinth VII, iv, pp. 23Williams and Fisher 1976, pp. 115, 24, deposit 10; 117;Williams1977, p. 51; McPhee 1997, p. 125; Pemberton 1997a, p. 71. See the discussion of pit 1937-1 (deposit 30) above and also see Anderson-Stojanovic 1993, pp. 265-267, 271, no. 3, 276, no. 17. Contents include 40, 99, 463, 542, and 543. 33. Well 1931-14 (Asklepieionvotive deposit V) Findsrangein date from the last quarterof the 5th cenXIV, tury to the last quarterof the 4th century.Corinth VII, iii, p. 204, deposit 20; Pempp. 113-147; Corinth berton 1970, p. 307, deposit 16. Contents include 90, 275, and 492. 34. Cistern 1960-1 (Bathsof Aphrodite, North Cistern) According to Edwards, this cistern was constructed ca. 375, and filled ca. 300. Robinson 1962, p. 124; Corinth VII, iii, p. 204, deposit 22; Pemberton 1997a, p. 78. Contents include 41.
10
CONTEXTS
35. Cistern 1940-1 (New Museum East I-L: 15-16) Third quarterof the 4th century through firstquarter of the 3rd century. Corinth VII, iii, p. 208, deposit 37; Weinberg 1948, pp. 235-240. Contents include 464. 36. Well 1971-1 (ForumSouthwest 36-37:F) Second half of the 4th century, possibly into the 3rd century CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 44, note 142, 73. Contents include 94.
37. Drain 1936-1 (Agora South Central 44:Q) Classicalwith Byzantine intrusions? 513 and a terracotta figurine (MF-5658) are the only inventoried items. A Syracusan coin dated 413-400 may be from the same drain. No other material was saved, but Byzantine sherds were reported in Corinth notebook 158, pp. 235, 267.
II. THE NORTH CEMETERY Corinthian Conventionalizing pottery is often found in graves, especially those of the mid 6th through mid 5th centuries. Several grave groups, including some excavated by Bert Hodge Hill
and WilliamB. Dinsmoor in the North Cemetery area in 1916, are among the numbered deposits listed above (pp. 7-9). The graves discussed below were excavated by T. Leslie Shear in 1928, 1929, and 1930. In her study of the North Cemetery, Palmer dated the graves primarily on the basis of Attic pottery, burial types, and groupings of graves.5 During the decades since CorinthXIII was published, the Attic pottery chronology has been refined.6 Some types of local Corinthian pottery that appear among the grave furnishings are better understood.7 Many of Palmer's dates remain unchallenged, but small adjustmentsto others are recommended.8 The list below includes a revised chronology of the North Cemetery graves and deposits used in the present study. Generally, the Archaic dates in CorinthXIII are sometimes slightly early, while the Classical dates tend to be slightlv late. North Cemetery,deposit 6 CorinthXIII, p. 302, pl. 92. Probable grave group dated by Palmer to the late 6th century. Contents include 129. North Cemetery,deposit 17 CorinthXIII, pp. 304-305, pl. 90. Probable grave group dated by Palmer to the third quarter of the 5th century because of similarities with material in deposit 22 (well 1934-10). There is also a correspondence with deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). The material is probably no earlier than ca. 450, but it could be as late as ca. 420. Contents include 314. North Cemetery,deposit 46 CorinthXIII, p. 311, pl. 33. Palmer suggested this might be a libation deposit among a group of children's graves and compared the contents to those in grave224. Middle of the 6th century.Contents include 501 and 508. 5 CorinthXIII, pp. 65-327. For a recent study of the pre550 graves, see Dickey 1992, esp. pp. 66-78, and A24-A94 in appendix I. See also Thomasen 1999. 6 Especially through examination of deposits in the Athenian Agoraprovidedin AgoraXII, AgoraXXIII, andAgoraXXX, and in the studies of Attic pottery at Corinth presented in Brownlee 1987b, 1989, and 1995; McPhee 1976, 1981, 1987; Boulter and Bentz 1980. 7 Particularlyimportant for Corinthian pottery types that most often appear in graves of the mid 6th through 5th centuries are CorVP;Neeft 1991; CorinthXV, iii; Corinth XVIII, i; Bentz 1982; Steiner 1992; Pemberton 1970 and 1997.
Grave 180 CorinthXIII, p. 194, pls. 27, 105. Palmer dated this grave to the early second quarter of the 6th century, presumablybecause that is the date offered by Payne for the earliest Late Corinthian I.9 The assemblageis LC I, but a range of a single decade seems overlyprecise for this grave group. Furthermore, Amyx brings the date of the LC I style down to ca. 570-550, and that would necessitatea date at least slightlylater than that suggested by Palmer.10Contents include 187. Grave 181 Corinth XIII, p. 194, pls. 28, 105. Palmer suggested a date "no later than the middle of the sixth century," and a date in the second quarter of the 6th century is appropriate.Contents: 112 and 113. Grave 187 Corinth XIII, p. 196, pls. 29, 105. As Palmersuggested, 8
Corinth XVIII, i, p. 3; McPhee 1987, p. 277; Pemberton 1970, p. 268, note 6; Steiner 1992, pp. 388-399. It should be noted that although we have more information than was available to Palmer, dating the graves is not a precise science. Some graves contain only one or two local pots that are difficult to date. Grave groups sometimes include heirlooms, and these may lead us to believe that graves are earlier than they really are. Some of the graves were disturbed, at which time additional material may have been introduced. 9
10
Necrocorinthia,pp. 59-60, 319-330.
CorVP,pp. 424-428. See also p. 7, note 1 above.
II. THE NORTHCEMETERY
probably the second quarter of the 6th century.Contents include 252. Grave 188 Corinth XIII, p. 196, pls. 29, 105. As Palmersuggested, second quarter of the 6th century. Contents include 103. Grave 200 CorinthXIII, p. 199, pl. 31; CorVP,p. 427. Dated by Palmer to the second quarter of the 6th century,this grave group need not be later than ca. 570. Contents include 102 and an Attic type A plain komast cup (T-2950), dated by Brijderto the 570s.11 Grave 208 Corinth XIII, p. 200. 117 is the only pot found in this disturbed grave. The evidence is scant, but Palmer's date of thirdquarterof the 6th centuryseems accurate. Grave 224 Corinth XIII, pp. 204-205, pls. 33, 107. Palmer dated this grave to "about the middle of the sixth century." It is no earlier than that, but it may be later. Middle, perhaps third quarter, of the 6th century. Contents include 114 and 500. Grave 239 Corinth XIII, p. 208, pls. 32, 107. As Palmersuggested, probablythe thirdquarterof the 6th century.Contents include 71. Grave 247 Corinth XIII, pp. 209-210, pl. 35. Dated by Palmerto the second half of the 6th century,grave 247 belongs near the end of that period. It contained 132, which has a late-6th-centuryprofile. Grave 250 CorinthXIII, pp. 210-211, pls. 14, 35, 79, 93, 108. Palmer dated this grave to the "late third or early fourth quarter of the sixth century."The band cups (T-2827 and T-2828) areprobablynot much laterthan ca. 520, though the presence of two lekythoi of the Cock Group (T-2829, T-2835) and one of the Phanyllis Group (T-2831) among the grave goods bring the date of grave 250 down firmly into the last quarterof the 6th century.12Contents include 120. Grave 252 CorinthXIII, p. 212, pls. 35, 79, 108. Probably the last quarter of the 6th century, as Palmer suggested. Contents include 298. 1l Brijder 1983, pp. 88-89, 230, no. K108. 12 I am indebted to A. B. Brownlee for help in dating this grave group. For recent discussion of Attic black-figuredvascs from grave 250, see Brownlee 1989, pp. 362, 378-379, 381, 387. The Cock and Phanyllis Groups are active into the beginning of the 5th century (AgoraXXIII, pp. 45-46), but the lekythoi from this grave are no later than ca. 500.
11
Grave 253 Corinth XIII, p. 212, pls. 35, 108; CorVP,p. 427. Probthe last quarterof the 6th century,as Palmersugably Contents include 125 and 401. gested. Grave 257 CorinthXIII, pp. 213-214, pls. 34, 109; Brownlee 1989, p. 379; CorVP,p. 427. Two lekythoi of the Cock Group (T-1457, T-1459) support a date in the last quarter of the 6th century and probably as Palmer suggested, late 6th century.Contents include 128 and 299. Grave 258 CorinthXIII, p. 214, pls. 34, 108. A date at the end of the 6th century,as given by Palmer,may be correct, but none of the vessels can be dated that precisely at this time. 133 in particular may be slightly later. Contents include 75, 133, and 301. Grave 271 CorinthXIII, pp. 218-219, pls. 39, 94, 109; CorinthXVIII, i, p. 57. Palmer dated this grave ca. 490480, and that may be accurate. The Attic type C cup with concave lip (T-1670) has the taller stem of later examples and probably dates to the first two decades of the 5th century.The Haemonian lekythos(T-1672) may be slightlylater though, and the black-glazedcup of the class of Agora P 10359 (T-1671) may be as late as ca. 470.13 Contents include 73. Grave 282 Corinth XIII, p. 224, pls. 37, 111. The palmette lekythoi (T-1244, T-1247) are group i, but the thin stem of the vicup (T-1245) may indicate a date later in the second quarter of the 5th century than Palmer's suggestion of ca. 480-470.14 Contents include 302. Grave 284 Corinth XIII, pp. 224-225, pls. 40, 110. The palmette lekythos (T-1666), like those of grave 282, is group i. The profile of 153 is consistent with Palmer's date of ca. 480-470 and may be even slightly later, ca. 480-460. Contents include 153 and 303. Grave 285 Corinth XIII, p. 225, pls. 40, 110. The only gravegoods were 142 and 158, and their profiles are so different that they do not appear to be of the same date. The profile of the latter implies a grave date in the second quarter or middle of the 5th century. The other is perhaps an heirloom. 13
AgoraXII, pp. 91-92 (type C cups), 99-100 (classof Agora P 10359); Brownlee 1995, pp. 354-356, 376 (Haemonian lekythoi at Corinth). 14 Brownlee 1995, pp. 358-359 (palmette lekythoi at Corinth);AgoraXII, pp. 92-93 (vicup).
12
CONTEXTS
Grave 286 CorinthXIII, p. 225, pls. 41, 110. A date in the first quarter of the 5th century, as suggested by Palmer, seems likely.Contents include 77. Grave 287 CorinthXIII, p. 225, pls. 40, 110. First quarter of the 5th century, as Palmer suggested. Contents include 146. Grave 288 Corinth XIII, pp. 225-226, pls. 41, 110. The gravewas dated by Palmer to the first half of the 5th century, but it is probably not as early as the beginning of that range. Date probably ca. 480-450. Contents include 79 and 156. Grave 289 CorinthXIII, p. 226, pls. 41, 110. First quarter of the 5th century, as Palmer suggested. Contents include 141. Grave 291 Corinth XIII, p. 226, pls. 41, 90, 111. Palmerdated the grave to the middle of the first half of the 5th century and that seems accurate. The vases are not like those of the early 5th century, nor do they overlap with deposit 22 (well 1934-10). Date probablyca. 480-460. Contents include 155 and 306. Grave 292 CorinthXIII, pp. 226-227, pls. 41, 111. Containing a single powder pyxis, 76, this grave was dated by Palmer to the early 5th century. Grave 293 Corinth XIII, p. 227, pls. 41, 111. Containing a single powder pyxis, 78, this grave was dated by Palmer to the second quarter of the 5th century. Grave 298 CorinthXIII, p. 229, pls. 44, 111. Palmer's date, ca. 480-470, is appropriate for a grave group with two group i Attic palmette lekythoi (T-1822, T-1826) and one group ii Attic palmette lekythos (T-1821). Contents include 305.
XII, nos. 312 and 313, dated ca. 480-470. Two Haemonian lekythoi (T-1849, T-1852), an unattributed black-figuredlekythos (T-1854), and three group ii Attic palmette lekythoi (T-1848, T-1851, T-1853) are likewiseprobably no later than ca. 470. Contents also include 300. Grave 333 CorinthXIII, p. 241, pls. 50, 113; Brownlee 1995, pp. 356, 359, 364. Fifteen pots, several of them Attic, were found in this infant'sburial. Among them were a Haemonian lekythos (T-2987), two group iii palmette lekythoi (T-2986, T-2988), and an early Rhenia cup (T-2994).'5 The type A Attic skyphos(T-2985)and the skyphos with canted handles (T-2981) date ca. 480450.16 Palmer thought one of the black-figuredcupskyphoi may belong to the Lancut Group; Brownlee suggests that both (T-2983, T-2991) may be. Palmer dated this grave ca. 455-445, but an earlierrange, ca. 470-450, is likely.Contents also include 11 and 165. Grave 334 Corinth XIII, pp. 241-242, pls. 49, 113; Steiner 1992, note 16. Steiner places the group iii Attic 389, p. palmette lekythoi (T-1802, T-1805, T-1807, T-1810, T- 1813, T- 1814) before ca. 450; everythingelse seems to date before ca. 450 as well. The Attic stemless cups (T-1808, T-1811, T-1815) are slightly deeper yet nonetheless quite similar to one in Athens dated ca. 460-450.'7 The Corinthianskyphos(T-1812)with canted handles imitates Attic versions such as that found in grave 333. Contents also include 81, 213, and 214. Grave 336 Corinth XIII, pp. 242-243, pls. 49, 113. Palmer dated thisgraveto the mid 5th centuryor slightlyearlier.The Attic pottery supports a date in the second quarter of the 5th century.'8 540 was among the outside offerings. Grave 338 CorinthXIII, p. 224, pls. 52, 113; Brownlee 1995, p. 359. The mid-Sth-centurydate given by Palmer is likely,but the grave may be slightly earlier.Contents include 14.
Grave 299 Corinth XIII, pp. 229-230, pls. 44, 95, 111; Brownlee 1995, p. 356. Palmer dated this grave to ca. 475-465, but that seems slightly late. The Attic "Corinthian type" skyphoi (T-1847, T-1850) are similar to Agora
Grave 353 CorinthXIII, p. 249, pls. 55, 100. Dated to the mid 5th century by Palmer, and that is likely, though the date may go into the third quarter of the century19 Contents include 205.
15 The Rhenia cup is similar to AgoraXII, p. 267, no. 456, fig. 5, pl. 21, dated ca. 480-470. 16 Compare T-2985 to AgoraXII, p. 259, no. 341, pl. 16 (type A skyphos) and T-2981 to AgoraXII, p. 258, no. 333, fig. 4, pl. 15 (skyphoswith canted handles). 17 AgoraXII, p. 268, no. 474, fig. 5, pl. 22. 18 The lekythoi (T-1681, T-1685, T-1686) are close to
CP-992 and CP-2612 (Brownlee 1995, pp. 359-362, nos. 226, 218, pls. 79-80). For skyphoi similar to T-1680, see AgoraXII, p. 259, nos. 339-342, fig. 4. 19 The type iii palmette lekythosis similarto MP-81 (Brownlee 1995, p. 359, no. 215, pl. 79), dated ca. 480-470, but everything else looks later. Ivy lekythoi do not start until ca. 460, and this is not one of the earliest.
III. CONTEXTSIN THE POTTERS'QUARTER
Grave 380 Corinth XIII, p. 258, pl. 61. Containing a single lekanis, 308, this gravewas dated by Palmerto the thirdquarter of the 5th century.It may be as early as the middle of the century. Grave 392 CorinthXIII, p. 261, pls. 60, 115; Steiner 1992, pp. 394-395, 397, fig. 6. The date late in the third quarter or early in the fourth quarter of the 5th cen-
13
tury offered by Palmer may be correct, but none of the vesselscan be dated that preciselyat this time. 316 is similar to 309 from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1), if not a bit later. The oddly shaped lekythoi (T-1339, T-1340) may have a parallel in deposit 23 as well.20 The black-glazed lekanis (T-1343) is deeper than its Attic counterparts, but the lid and particularly the knob look very much like Attic versions of the second half of the 5th century.21
III. CONTEXTS IN THE POTTERS' QUARTER The Potters' Quarter at Corinth was excavated in 1929-1931 by Agnes Newhall Stillwell, and the results of the excavations are published in CorinthXV, i-iii. Deposit 26 (well 1930-8), a well in the Terracotta Factory, is discussed above (p. 9). A reexamination of the other Potters' Quarter contexts in which Conventionalizing pottery was found is presented below. Several factors are taken into account. First, although the goals and techniques of the excavation were consistent with the best of their time, excavation units were generally large and notes sparse by modern standards.22 Charles K. Williams II reexamined a few of the areas in 1980, and he clarified the architectural sequence and chronology.23 Other areas had been cleared to bedrock in the 1930s and could not be further investigated through excavation. Second, Williams' work was not incorporated into CorinthXV, iii. Consequently, much of what has been written about the contexts in the Potters' Quarter remains unclear, and accounts are occasionally contradictory.24 Third, some of the contexts of finds in the Potters' Quarter that have been published as "deposits" would be described differently today.25 The term "deposit" is now usually used to define a stratigraphic unit with clearly demarcated vertical as well as horizontal boundaries. Stillwell, however, used the term "deposit" in its literal sense, to describe that which was laid down.26 Large areas of dumped pottery, broad construction fills, and destruction horizons are called "deposits" in CorinthXV, i-iii. Not all the pieces from the Potters' Quarter are associated with "deposits." The locations of 656 and 666 are given relative to the South Long Building. For many others (1, 10, 184, 259, 293, 326, 331, 339, 341, 474, 479, 493, 664, 685, 707), we have trench designations. Of 327, we know only that it was found in the Potters' Quarter. APHRODITEDEPOSIT
CorinthXV, i, p. 23; CorinthXV, ii, pp. 22, 180; Pemberton 1970, pp. 291-292, 305, deposit 6; Corinth XV, iii, pp. 9, 297;Jeffery 1961, p. 132, no. 35; Williams 1986, pp. 23-24. A group of vases and figurines found near Stele Shrine A was dated to the late 6th and early 5th centuries by Stillwell.27In her notebook, it is described as "a deposit mostly in the space of one square meter."28 Stillwell'srecognition of perimeters suggests that this is a cohesive unit. She and Benson argued that the pottery from the Aphrodite Deposit was mainly 6th century 20
Pemberton 1970, p. 287, no. 48 (C-64-392), pl. 70; Steiner 1992, pp. 397, 398, fig. 6. 21 AgoraXII, pp. 321-323, nos. 1220, 1225, 1236-1239, pls. 40-41. 11, fig. 22 See Lawrence 1986b for further discussion. 23 Williams 198la, 1982, 1986. See also p. 22 below. 24 Although CorinthXV, iii was published in 1984, the manuscript was, as Benson notes in his preface, "essentially completed by 1970," and Williams'work is not mentioned. 25 This is addressedin Benson's introductionto Corinth XV,
in date, but they acknowledge that this dating of the material is due in part to their preference for dating the transitionfrom Late CorinthianII to Late CorinthianIII around 500 rather than 480.29 The Aphrodite Deposit and Stele Shrine A are probably roughly contemporary, because both contained figurines by the same hand.30 Williamshas suggested that Stele Shrine A was probably iii, pp. 1-2. See also Lawrence 1986b; Brownlee 1987a, p. 482. 26 Lawrence 1986b, p. 237. 27 In Corinth XV, i, the deposit was dated in the first quarter of the 5th century,but in CorinthXV ii, Stillwell regarded the date as the late 6th and early 5th centuries. 28 Corinth notebook 106bis, p. 17. 29 See Benson's comments in CorinthXV, iii, pp. 9, 297, and esp. p. 297, note 1: "the year 500 is simply a matter of convenience." 30 Corinth XV, ii, p. 180, no. 8.
14
CONTEXTS
built around 500 or slightly later.31If so, and if Stillwell was correct in her interpretation of the deposit as a clearing out of Stele Shrine A, a date in the 5th century is preferablefor the Aphrodite Deposit. On the basis of letter forms, Jeffery has dated the inscribed phiale for which the deposit is named in the first quarter of the 5th century.32But although Stillwell included the phiale among objects from the deposit in her publications,her field notes describethe provenience of the phiale as "near"the deposit.33KP-117 (globular oinochoe) and KP-1332 (alabastron)were, according to the field notebook, found with the phiale.34Anothervase
that may support the later date is 157, a kotyle that is close in profile to 153, found in the North Cemetery, grave 284, dated 480-460.35 The provenience of 157, however, is questioned on the inventory card. Therefore, KP-117, KP-1332, and 157 cannot be said with certainty to have been part of the deposit. Most of the vases that are listed with this deposit could date to the first quarter of the 5th century, but 315, a lekanis, has close parallels in the third or early fourth quarter of the 5th century. 347 is probably contemporary with the Vrysoula Workshop as well. Contents include 4, 151, 157?, 211, 212, 283, 315, and 347.
CISTERNI
Corinth XV, iii, p. 216. XV, i, pp. 26-27; Corinth 563 is one of a few pieces found in a cistern near the edge of the cliff. Although part of the cistern was still open in modern times, 563 was found intact on the floor under the manhole. Stillwell dated 563 to the second
half of the 6th century and considered it evidence that the cistern was in use by that time. 563 may be part of a use fill, but it is much later in date.
CIRCLE DEPOSIT
CorinthXV, i, p. 16; CorinthXV, ii, p. 23; CorinthXV, iii, p. 205; Pemberton 1970, p. 307, deposit 15. While noting that Stillwell dated this material to the An examination of Stillwell'sfield notebook helps exlate 5th century B.C., Benson argued that this date is too plain how such a wide discrepancyin dates arose. In her late: field notebook, Stillwell describes a circular cutting in the earth. On the northeast side of this circle a small, The numberof decoratedvases is small, yet manyor closely packed group of miniature vases and figurines even most of them have their strongestaffinitieswith was found. Then, under the heading "Circle Deposit," vases from Stele Shrine A and hence should belong objects were divided into two subgroups. KP-722 (lid), to the first half of the 5th century.Likewise the not KP-1997 (black-glazedkantharos),and 140 were listed very numerous miniaturesfound in the deposit ... as coming "fromdeposit at W. side,"while 419 was listed seem to be datable either before the middle of the among "objects from rest of circle."38 None of the re5th centuryor else not particularlylong afterthat.36 maining vases said to come from the Circle Deposit are Yet other material is certainly later. Boulter dated an listed under either subheading. Nor is there any further Attic bell krater in the late 5th or early 4th century.37 mention in any of the field records of material from the The uninventoriedcontext pottery includes at least one northeast side of the circle. Thus there may have been Vrysoulagoblet and black-glazed ribbed vessels datable one or more deposits within the circular cutting, but in the second half of the 5th century. the excavation records give little specific information. Contents include 140, 349, 419, 551, 598, and 607. CIRCULAR SOUTH SHRINE
Corinth XV, i, p. 32; Corinth XV, ii, p. 23; Corinth VII, iii, p. 200, deposit 9; Corinth XV, iii, p. 202; Pemberton 1970, p. 305, deposit 8; Williams 1978a, p. 61, note 5; 1981a, p. 415; Steiner 1992, p. 104. Stillwell and Benson interpreted the remains in this and both were found in a disturbed condition. This disarea as those of a small circular shrine dating to the turbance accounts for the "circular"form reported by third quarter of the 5th century.39Williams, however, Stillwell.40Most of the pottery is probably associated has shown that there are two building phases here: an with the votive deposit of the stele shrine, but Stillwell's earlierhouse underliesa typical rectangularstele shrine, language, both in her field notebooks and in her publica31 Williams
1986, pp. 22-24. Jeffery 1961, p. 132. 33 Corinth notebook 106bis, p. 29. 34 Stillwell and Benson list KP-117 among "miscellaneous vases" and note that it was found in the area of the Aphrodite Deposit, but they designate KP-1332 as part of the Aphrodite XV, iii, pp. 222, no. 1201, 307, no. 1676. Deposit. See Corinth 32
35See pp. 11, 63, and fig. 8. 36 Corinth XV, iii, pp. 204-205. 37 Corinth XV, iii, p. 365, no. 2316, pl. 126. 38 Corinth notebook 108, pp. 33, 37-41. 39 Corinth XV, iii, p. 202. See also CorinthXV, i, p. 32, and Corinth XV, ii, p. 23. 40 Williams 1981a, p. 415, note 22.
III. CONTEXTSIN THE POTTERS' QUARTER
tion, indicates that material from the house probably was not separated from the votive deposit at the time of excavation.41Contents include 9, 25, 80, 237-239,
15
294, 358, 498, 504, 519, 539, 560, 578, 584, 602604, 652, and 653.
EROSASHRINE
Corinth XV, i, p. 29; Corinth XV, iii, p. 216; Williams 1981a, pp. 413-415; 1978a, p. 61, note 5; 1986, p. 22. The finds from this area were once regarded as dedications at a shrine in use in the 6th and 5th centuries.42 Williamshas shown that the shrine was built over the ruins of a house destroyedin the mid 5th century and that pottery found under the floor of the shrine dates to the third quarterof the 5th century.43The Erosa Shrine was built after the city wall was completed in the late 430s
or early 420s.44There is no mention at all in Stillwell's field notebook of any deposits in this area. Apparently all finds excavatedfrom the shrine and the level or levels below it were regardedand recorded by the excavatoras a single assemblage.45Contents include 391 and 583. 570 was found east of the Erosa Shrine.
NORTH DUMP Corinth XV, i, p. 13; Corinth XV, ii, p. 21; Corinth XV, iii, p. 5. The "North Dump" is a 50 square meter area over and around the Geometric cemetery. Contents include 370 and probably 657 ("areaof the North Dump"). NORTHWESTANGLEDEPOSIT
Corinth XV, i, pp. 21-22; Corinth XV, iii, p. 4. 368 is evidentlya strayin what appear to be two much earlier fills, one MPC I and the other MC. RECTANGULAR SOUTH PIT
CorinthXV, i, pp. 31-32; CorinthXV, ii, p. 23; CorinthVII, iii, p. 201, deposit 13; CorinthXV, iii, pp. 196-197; Pemberton 1970, p. 305, deposit 9. of the finds makes the latter explanation unlikely.49The Stillwell described this feature as "a rectangularcutin with sherds" stereo filled rocks and only sanctuaryin the area is the 5th-centurystele shrine ting contempowith South Benson associated with the Circular South Shrine, and its pethe Circular Shrine.46 argues rary that "the lower limit of the bulk of the material must riod of use was probably relatively short.50Because the be extended downward ... at least to the very end of Rectangular South Pit was excavated as a single unit, it is difficult to assess the suggestion that it was used as a the 5th century and probably on into the 4th for the latest pieces."47The pottery ranges in date from Early potters' dump over a long period of time. If there was Corinthian to the second quarter of the 4th century.48 only one stratumhere, and that is by no means certain,it was probably a general fill. Contents include 13, 247, Although Stillwellregardedthe RectangularSouth Pit as a potters' dump or possiblya sanctuarydeposit relatedto 353, 428, 433, 454, 456, 459, 475, 481, 514, 600, and 655. the CircularSouth Shrine, the wide chronologicalrange ROAD DEPOSITS
Corinth VII, iii, p. 200, deposit 6; Corinth XV, ii, p. 22; Corinth XV, iii, pp. 6-7, XV, i, pp. 15, 20-21; Corinth 169-170; Pemberton 1970, p. 304, deposit 4-;Lawrence 1986b, pp. 237-238; 1996, pp. 104-107. The pottery described as belonging to the "North Road Deposit," "South Road Deposit," and "Road De-
posit" constitutes the vast amount of material found in several trenches over two years of excavation along the
41 See CorinthXV, i, p. 32. Stillwell describes a stratum all being packed into a shallow area" (emphasis "practically field notebook, Stillwell mentions "the area in In her mine). which [the finds] were thick." 42 Corinth XV, iii, p. 216. 43 Williams 1981a, pp. 413-415. 44 Williams 1986, pp. 21-22. 45 See Corinth notebook 108, pp. 182-189. 46 Corinth notebook 132bis, pp. 12, 15-17; see also Still-
well's comments in Corinth XV, i, pp. 31-32 and Corinth XV, ii, p. 23. 47 Corinth XV, iii, pp. 196-197. See also Pemberton 1970, p. 293, note 51. 48 Corinth XV, iii, p. 196. 49 For Stillwell's XV, i, p. 32. interpretation,see Corinth 50 See Williams 418: "Not a 1981a, p. single stele shrine of the Potters' Quarter ... preserves evidence that cult practices
were continued for any extended period of time."
16
CONTEXTS
road between the earlier city wall and the so-called North and South Long Buildings.51 Stillwell believed that the pottery was dumped into the road over the course of several generations by potters who worked in the buildings alongside it.52 Lawrence, on the other hand, shows that this is certainly a secondary fill and suggests that sherds served as ballast for a road.53This road presumably went out of use when a new city wall was built ca. 425.54If so, later materialmust be mixed in. While most of the pottery is datable to ca. 425 or earlier, some pieces are surely later. For example, Boulter dated SHRINE OF THE DOUBLE
Corinth XV, iii, p. 366, no. 2331 (KP-1406), pls. 123 and 126, to ca. 350. Surface finds may have been separated from the "Road Deposits" at the time of excavation,but there is no indication of this in the notebooks. Contents include 2, 6, 19, 46, 52, 57, 67, 84, 85, 149, 150, 159, 168, 177, 185, 229, 261, 265, 276, 281, 318, 319, 321 (part), 322-325, 329, 346, 365, 366, 374, 382, 396, 400, 402, 438, 440, 441, 455, 457, 458, 480, 496, 550, 601, 654, 658-662, 668, 670, 671, 678-683, 687-698, 706, 708, 712-719.
STELE
CorinthXV, i, p. 51; CorinthXV, ii, p. 23; CointhXV iii p. 214; Williams 1978a, p. 61, note 5; 1981a, p. 415; Steiner 1992, p. 401. Stillwell and Benson regarded this as a single shrine with a votive deposit. Stillwell dated the finds from this area to the first half of the 4th century,while Benson argued that some of the materialdates to the 5th century.55 Williamshas shown that therewere three buildingphases here, as two successive (and typical) stele shrines were
built on the remains of the South Long Building.56Both stele shrines would have contained votives, but because the excavatordid not distinguishmultiple constructions, the materialassociatedwith them was mixed together at the time of excavation. Contents include 30, 174, 175, 178, 262, 516, 564, 579, 588, and 667.
STELE SHRINE A
CorinthXV, i, pp. 22, 72; Corinth XV, ii, p. 22; Corinth VII, iii, p. 200, deposit 7; CorinthXV, iii, p. 186; Pemberton 1970, pp. 291, 304, deposit 5; Williams 1978a, p. 61, note 5; 1981a, pp. 415-416; 1986, pp. 22-24; Steiner 1992, p. 401. Stillwell described a deep deposit, with many of the vasesstackedinside one another.57BensonfollowedStillwell in dating most of the finds from Stele Shrine A to the first half of the 5th century, but he argued that since KP-120, KP-153, KP-1044, and 335 are 6thcentury vases, "the building itself seems to have existed in the second half of the 6th century."58Williams has shown that Stele Shrine A was built in or above the South Long Building no earlier than the turn of the 6th and 5th centuries.59The 6th-century finds that Stillwell identified with Stele Shrine A should probably instead be associated with the South Long Building. The terminal deposition date given by Stillwelland Benson is also too early. Some of the phialai found in Stele Shrine A, particularly288-290, probably date in the third quarter of the 5th century (see below, p. 82). The Sam Wide kylikes 684 and 686 should be dated late in the third quarter of the 5th century, or into the last quarter (see below pp. 161-162). Nor may 354, 51 Williams (1982, p. 18) argues that these buildings "might
better be considered as city house blocks." 52 Corinth XV, ii, p. 15. See also Salmon 1984, p. 102. 53 Lawrence 1996, p. 106. 54 Williams 1981a, p. 412; Williams 1986, pp. 21-22. 55 Corinth XV, i, p. 51; CorinthXV, ii, p. 23; CorinthXV, iii, p. 214. 56 Williams 1981a, p. 415. 57 Corinth notebook 106bis, pp. 32-63. 58 Corinth XV iii, p. 186; CorinthXV, iii, pp. 298, no. 1627 (KP-1044); 299, no. 1632 (KP-153); 302, no. 1648 (KP-120);
469, 476, 477, 559, or 674 be particularlyearly.This supports Williams' suggestion that Stele Shrine A was built around the time of the Persian War and was destroyed well after the middle of the 5th century, probably in the late 430s or 420s.60 It is possible that the vases were deposited in two offering groups, one when the stele shrine was built and the otherjust before it was closed. Contents include 24, 26, 50, 139, 144, 152, 154, 162-164, 166, 186, 201, 207, 218, 224, 231, 232, 234, 240-242, 260, 284-290, 332, 333, 335, 338, 342, 345, 348, 351, 352, 354, 394, 404, 418, 434, 469, 476, 477, 502, 507, 553, 555-557, 559, 571, 575-577, 580, 582, 587, 606, 622-643, 674, 684(?), 686, and 710.
304-305, no. 1661 (KP-160 = 335). KP-153 and KP-120 appear to be considerably older than the other material associated with this deposit. The CorinthXV, iii catalogue entry for the former suggests that it may have been "a stray in the deposit." KP-120 has a close parallel in a tomb at Examilia, dated in the second quarterof the 6th century(Lawrence1964, p. 95, no. 11, pl. 19). If this was actually a part of the deposit, it would be a very old heirloom. 59 Williams 1981a, pp. 415-416, note 22; 1986, pp. 22-24. 60 Williams 1986, pp. 21-24.
III. CONTEXTSIN THE POTTERS'QUARTER
TERRACOTTAFACTORYDEPOSITS Originallya typical ClassicalGreekhouse, with rooms arrangedaround a central court, the TerracottaFactory was the site of a cottage industry, a place where clay was pressed into figurine molds.61432 was found in the altar room. 42, 497, 538, and 605 are from unspecified locations in the house. 517, 648, and 677 were found outside the buildingon the south. More specificlocations are availablefor most of the finds. Edwardssuggeststhat pottery from all nine numbered deposits in the Terracotta Factorysharedthe same terminus antequem,provided
17
by the destruction of the building in an earthquake in either 338 B.C.or, more likely, 316 B.C.62 Five of the num-
bereddepositscontained Conventionalizingpottery,and informationfrom the excavation notebook supportsthe association of at least four of them, deposits 1, 2, 8, and 9, with a destruction.
Terracotta Factory,Deposit 1 Corinth XV, i, p. 37; Corinth XV, ii, p. 23; Corinth VII, iii, pp. 202-203, deposit 18; Corinth XV, iii, p. 210. the objects with a thick stratum of mud brick. Contents include 361.
A heap of many figurines and a few pots was found on the floor against an interior wall of the house. The upper part of the wall apparently had collapsed, covering
Terracotta Deposit2 Factory, Corinth XV, i, p. 36; Corinth XV, ii, p. 24; Corinth VII, iii, pp. 202-203, deposit 18; Corinth XV, iii, p. 211. that consists of material that was found dicate the finds were on the floor inside the building 2 along Deposit at the time of its destruction. The presence of tiles is the east side of wall D. Stillwell'sfield notebook includes indicative of roof collapse. a sketch of 179, 180, 565-567, and KP-668, all found with of the vases inside others.63 some grouped together, Elsewhere she mentions that KP-677 and KL-123 were found together under two roof tiles.64This seems to in-
Terracotta Factory,Deposit5 Corinth XV, i, p. 42; Corinth VII, iii, pp. 202-203, deposit 18; Corinth XV, iii, p. 211. The only information given is a general location and a list of finds. The nature of this "deposit" is unclear. Contents include 100, 202, and 203.
Terracotta Factory,Deposits8 and 9 Corinth XV, i, p. 45; Corinth XV, ii, p. 24; Corinth VII, iii, pp. 202-203, deposit 18; Corinth XV, iii, p. 212. struction debris. 295 and 296 were in deposit 8, and The excavator described deposits 8 and 9 in the Terracotta Factory as "thick mass[es] of sherds and vases 250 may have been. 585 was not among the objects in at the same level" and opposite one another.65As they deposit 8, but it was found nearby.Contents of deposit 9 include 390. contained "many stones, pieces of tiles, and lumps of baked clay,"it appears that this material constitutes deTRENCH H DEPOSIT OF MINIATURES
Corinth XV, iii, p. 216. According to the field notebook, "ca. 65 cm. below the surfacein the middle of the trench was found a small deposit of miniature vases, some of them complete and some fragmentary.The only full-sized vase which was found complete was a skyphos."66No further information is given about the nature of the "deposit" or its XV, i. Most boundaries, and it is not discussed in Corinth 61 Williams
1981a, pp. 418-421.
62 Corinth VII, iii, pp. 202-203. 63
Corinth notebook 108, pp. 196-197. 64 Corinth notebook 114, p. 4. 65 Corinth notebook 114, pp. 136-143.
of the vases fit comfortably in the first quarter of the 5th century,but as Benson notes, there seem to be some strays.67Contents include 337, 608, and 609.
66 Corinth notebook 106bis, pp. 156-158.
Corinth XV, iii, p. 216. The spread of dates is not as great as Stillwelland Benson supposed.The three Conventionalizing vases are among those datable to the first quarter of the 5th century. 67
18
CONTEXTS
TRENCHJ DEPOSIT Corinth XV, iii, pp. 8-9. XV, ii, p. 22; Corinth XV, i, p. 16; Corinth notebook. Later material must have been mixed with Stillwell described the finds as follows: "Many of the a 6th-century deposit at the time of excavation. Yet the smaller vases were inside the larger and there was one particularpoint at which to separate a deposit from later group of five small skyphoi one within the other." Becontaminants is uncertain. Most of the material is 6th cause of this description, these vases would appear to have belonged to a discrete deposit. Stillwell initially century but not precisely datable. 499 may be the latest member of the deposit or it may be the earliest of the dated the deposit to the second half of the 6th century but later preferred a date in the second quarter of the strays. Contents listed by Stillwell include 20-23, 116, 119, 121, 122, 217, 219, 255, 350, 392, 393, 420, century.68Benson generallydated the deposit in the middle of the 6th century, but noted that 420 must date to 499, 544-549, 568, 569, and 711. 430 and 552 were found nearby,but Stillwell did not include them in her the 5th century because of similarities with examples from Stele Shrine A.69 deposit list. Some of the other vases from this deposit appear to be later than the mid 6th century as well. The profiles of 121 and 122 do not support Benson's mid-6th-century date but rather should date in the last quarterof the 6th century.499 is no earlierthan the late 6th century,while 350, 420, and 711 date to or after the mid-5th century Such a wide range of dates is difficult to reconcile with the find circumstancesdescribed by Stillwellin her
WALLB DEPOSIT Corinth XV, iii, p. 207. Stillwell'sfield notebook describes "a closely-packed deposit of sherds ... found just below the level at which the black helmeted head [KM-2, a terracotta head of Athena] was found," located about a meter west of the north end of wall B.70According to Benson, similarities between the contents of the wall B deposit and those of the Circular South Shrine, grave A, and grave B "suggest a lower limit for the [wall B] deposit within the third quarter of the 5th century. ... Furthermore the presence of an Attic fragment ... dated to the first half of the 4th century, may make a lower date more
attractive."71Whether Benson regarded this as a 4thcentury deposit or a contaminated 5th-century deposit is unclear. Nor is it clear from the excavation records whether this is a discreteprimary deposit or a secondary fill. Contents include 431, 511, and 561.
WALL E DEPOSIT Corinth XV, iii, p. 206. XV, i, p. 16; Corinth As Benson notes, the excavationrecordsare somewhat confusing.72Stillwell describes a small deposit north of wall E, the contents of which are "more likely to have come from a potter's shop than a shrine."73Finds included KP-301-KP-304 and KP-1027-KP-1029. She also mentions a late-5th-century deposit found between wall E and the Shrine of the Double Stele, which included KP-300.74 The inventory cards variously give proveniences of "wall E deposit" and "deposit N of 2nd tower," but the field notebook lists all these vases and others together,found in a single deposit.75All were found on the same day, May 22, 1929, and only one 68
Corinth XV, i, p. 16; Corinth XV, ii, p. 22. Corinth XV, iii, pp. 8-9, 194, no. 1025. 70 Corinth notebook 106bis, p. 113. See CorinthXV, ii, pl. 60:D7 for location of deposit. 71 Corinth XV, iii, p. 207. For information on the wall itself, see Williams 198la, p. 416. 69
"deposit"is recorded in the field notebook for that date. The only other finds mentioned in the notebook on that day are scattered finds from trench G. It appears likely, therefore, that a single deposit was given two names at the time of excavation. A range of dates is represented. Contents include 82, 126, 409, and 510.
72CorinthXV, iii, p. 206. 73 Corinth XV, i, p. 16. 74 Corinth XV, i, p. 50. 75 Corinth notebook 106bis, 124. p.
IV POTTERY LOTS
19
IV POTTERY LOTS Potterylot 871 AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,P-Q:25. Surfacestratum containing 3rd-century Roman lamps and a XVIII, i, p. 213; Corinth XVIII, Byzantinecoin. Corinth XVIII, iii, p. 250. Contents include ii, p. 131; Corinth 220 and 222. Potterylot 878 AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,P:24-25. Middle Terrace. Construction fill in east room of Trapezoidal Building. Mainly late 4th century, but Bookidis and Stroud (CorinthXVIII, iii, p. 243, note 15) note that "at least one terracotta figurine ... seems to be later
than the early 3rd century B.C." Stroud 1965, pp. 1011; CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 24, 213; CorinthXVIII, iii, pp. 243, 249. Contents include 495 and 512. Potterylot 890 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, 0:24-25. Surface stratum containing Late Roman material. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 214; CorinthXVIII, iii, p. 235. Contents include 491. Potterylot 893 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,P-Q:24-25. Middle Terrace.Levelingfill for constructionof Room A. Latest materialdates to the firstquarterof the 4th century or slightly later. Stroud 1965, pp. 7-8; Corinth XVIII, include Contents Corinth 250. iii, XVIII, 214; i, p. p. 124, 509, and 646. Potterylot 897 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,P-Q:24. As lot 899, leveling fill immediately west of Room A, installed in the late 4th century. Stroud 1965, pp. 8-9; CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 78, 214; CorinthXVIII, iii, p. 251. Contents include 249. Potterylot 899 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,P-Q:24. As lot 897, leveling fill immediately west of Room A, installed in the late 4th century.Corinth XVIII, i, pp. 78, 127, 214; Corinth XVIII, iii, p. 251. Contents include 506. Potterylot 1451 Kokkinovrisi.Gravel course containing sherds from a votive deposit. Daux 1963, pp. 724-725; 1964, p. 708; Robinson 1965, p. 293; Williams 198 la, pp. 409-410. Contents include 399. Potterylot 1954 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, 0-P:23. Late-4thcentury fill. CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 176, 214. Contents include 343.
Potterylot 2009 AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,P-Q:26-27. Surface stratum containing material dated to the late 3rd or XVIII, i, p. 216; Corinth early 4th century A.D. Corinth XVIII, ii, p. 134. Contents include 647. Potterylot 2012 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, P:26. Fill in small court to the north of Room E. 6th century into early 5th century.Nothing need be later than ca. 475. CorinthXVIII, i, p. 216; CorinthXVIII, iii, p. 161. Contents include 330. Potterylot 2044 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, Q:25-26. Second half of the 5th century, with some Roman material mixed in. Corinth XVIII, i, pp. 1, note 4, 216. Contents include 709. Potterylot 2094 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, N-0:24-25. Surface. There is nothing later than the early 4th century in this lot. CorinthXVIII, i, p. 217. Contents include 272 (part) and 673 (part). Potterylot 2110 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, Building N-0:2425. Room L. Dumped pottery fill containing nothing later than the first quarter of the 4th century. CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 26, note 72, 36, 78; Corinth XVIII, 4 include 135. Contents iii, p. Type kalathiskoi,272 673 and (part). (part), Potterylot 2142 AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,N-0:24. Generalfill below surface stratum. Nothing later than the first VII, iv,p. 34, no. 20; quarterof the 4th century.Corinth include 673 (part). Contents Corinth XVIII, i, p. 217. Potterylot 2143 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, Building N-0:2425. General fill containing nothing later than the early 4th century.Corinth XVIII, iii, XVIII, i, p. 218; Corinth 700. include Contents 199. p. Potterylot 2144 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, Building N-0:2425. Fill above floor contains nothing later than the mid 4th century.Corinth XVIII, iii, XVIII, i, p. 218; Corinth include 673 (part). Contents 199. p. Potterylot 2152 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, N-0:22-23. Constructionfill for Building N-0:22-24. First quarterof the 4th century.Corinth XVIII, XVIII, i, p. 218; Corinth iii, pp. 134, 199. Contents include 83, 651 (part),701 (part), and 702.
20
CONTEXTS
Potterylot 2173 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, N:22-23. General fill over northwest quarter of Building N-0:22-23. XVIII, Nothing later than the mid 4th century.Corinth i, p. 218. Contents include 651 (part).
Potterylot 4409 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, M-N:12. Surface stratumcontaining Byzantine material. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 221. Contents include 676 and 703.
Potterylot 2183 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, N:23. General fill over east side of Building N-0:22-23. Nothing later than the early 4th century. CorinthXVIII, i, p. 218. Contents include 651 (part).
Potterylot 4440 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, M-N:25. Building M-N:25-26. Northeast corner of western dining room. Stratumassociatedwith late-5th-centuryphase of building. Corinth XVIII, iii, XVIII, i, p. 221; Corinth 701 Contents include 127. (part). p.
Potterylot 2185 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, 0:23. General fill over south side of BuildingN-0:22-23. Nothing later than the early 4th century. CorinthXVIII, i, p. 218. Contents include 651 (part).
Potterylot 4458 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, M:21. Foundation trench of south wall of Building M:21-22. Late 4th century. CorinthXVIII, iii, pp. 188-189. Contents include 651 (part).
Potterylot 2188 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, N:24. Fill between Buildings N-0:22-23 and N-0:24-25 to bedrock. First half of the 5th century. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 218. Contents include 554.
Potterylot 4460 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,M:21-22. Late-4thcentury foundation trench of the south wall of Building M:21-22. CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 17, note 25, 222; CorinthXVIII, iii, p. 188, note 29. Contents include 334.
Potterylot 2244 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, Building N-0:2425. Fill. Latest material dates to the firstquarterof the 4th century.Corinth XVIII, i, p. 219. Contents include 673 (part). Potterylot 2249 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,N-0:20-25. Trapezoidal Building construction fill. End of the 4th century or early 3rd century. CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 91-96 XVIII, iii, p. 242. Contents include (group 6); Corinth 251. Potterylot 2250 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,0:22-23. Late-4thor early-3rd-century construction fill in the Trapezoidal Building. CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 91-96, 219 XVIII, iii, p. 242. Contents include (group 6); Corinth 651 (part). Potterylot 2428 Oakley South A. Quarry cut on Roman road. Second quarter of the 1st century A.D. Contents include 665. Potterylot 3521 Peribolos of Apollo, around Temple A. Below floor surface, butting onto altar block. Nothing later than ca. 420. Contents include 197 and 344. Potterylot 4349 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, 0:18. Surface stratum containing Late Roman material. Corinth XVIII, XVIII, iii, p. 469, note 79. Contents i, p. 220; Corinth include 704.
Potterylot 4474 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, Building N-0:2223. General fill in west half of building.Latestmaterial dates to the mid 4th century. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 222. Contents include 359 and 651 (part). Potterylot 4477 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,N:23. Late-5th-century fill over the southern half of Building N-0:2223. CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 130, 222. Contents include 651 (part). Potterylot 4488 AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,N-0:22-23. Second half of the 5th-century floor of Building N-0:22-23. Corinth XVIII, i, pp. 126-127, 222. Contents include 651 (part). Potterylots 5152 and 5153 Sacred Spring South. Phase 3 pottery deposit. Last quarterof the 5th century.Williams 1969, p. 56; Steiner 1992, p. 387, note 7. Contents include 63. Potterylot 5782 Sacred Spring East. Fill above early-4th-centuryfloor and below race course. Much of the material in the fill is 5th century, but some goes down to the third or early fourth quarter of the 4th century. Williams 1970, pp. 4-6. Contents include 460 and 461. Potterylot 6362 ForumCentral I, Sacred Spring.Fill used in modification from phase 2 to phase 3. Mid 5th century.Williams and Fisher 1971, pp. 31-32. Contents include 54, 55, 233, and 672.
IV POTTERYLOTS21
Potterylot 6412 Sacred Spring West 3. Removal of upper stele floor. Mid 5th century.Contents include 465. Potterylot 6508 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, M:22-24. Miscellaneous finds, including Byzantine material. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 223. Contents include 484. Potterylot 6511 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,Building I-J:21-22. Foundationtrench for south wall of building.Mid 5th XVIII, i, pp. 166, 223; Corinth XVIII, century. Corinth 99. Contents include 12. iii, p. Potterylot 6516 AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary.Fill overlyingfloor in Room 3 of Building J-L:21. Corinth XVIII, i, pp. 153, no. 384, 160, no. 438, 223; CorinthXVIII, iii, p. 89, note 8; Bookidis and Fisher 1972, p. 288. Pemberton dated this lot to the third quarter of the 5th century, but a few pieces, including 482, may be slightlylater. Pottery lot 72-2 ForumSouthwest, 53J.Fill against south side of wall I, to bedrock in area of Building I. Same fill as lot 6754. Late 5th century,perhaps into the second quarter of the 4th century.Williams and Fisher 1972, pp. 153154; Williams 1978a, p. 74. Contents include 32, 33, 360, 462, and 612. Potterylot 72-98 Sacred Spring Central. Gravel fill above robbed-out stairs,phase 3.Joins with lot 6362 were found. Terminal date probably in the late 5th century. Corinth VII, iv, pp. 21-22, deposit 6; Steiner 1992, p. 387, note 7; Pemberton 1997a, p. 85. Contents include 27, 58, 59, 61, 62, 267, 375, and 644. Potterylot 72-207 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,N-0:25. Construction fill for westwardexpansion of Building N-0:2526. Date no earlierthan the second quarterof the 5th century and perhaps as late as the third quarterof the 5th century.Corinth XVIII, i, p. 224; Corinth XVIII, iii, 136-137. Contents include 673 (part). pp. Potterylot 73-69 Lechaion Road East. Shop 5 Classical deposit. Basically 5th and early 4th centuries,but 3rd-centurycoin and stamped amphora handle found. Williams 1974, p. 33; McPhee 1981, pp. 279-280. Contents include 17, 31, 53, 56, 68, 87, 176, 244, 278, 383, 427, 429, 452, and 562. Potterylots 74-139 and 74-141 Temple Hill, West Road, south and south central. 6th-century debris over and just north of 7th-century road. Contents include 254.
Potterylot 75-34 ForumSouthwest, 73D-74D. Pre-Romanstratainside south tower of West Shops. Fill between road surfaces. Late 5th century. Williams and Fisher 1976, p. 108; McPhee 1983, p. 138. Contents include 490. Potterylot 75-38 ForumSouthwest, 73D-74D. Pre-Romanstratainside south tower of West Shops. Fill associated with constructionof pentagonal building.Just after the middle of the 5th century.Williams and Fisher 1976, p. 108. Contents include 167 and 376. Potterylot 75-44 ForumSouthwest, 73D-74D-74E. Pre-Romanstrata inside south tower of West Shops. Fill of foundation trench cut for drain. Third quarter of the 5th century,possiblyinto the last quarter.Williamsand Fisher 1976, p. 108; Williams 1977, p. 44. Contents include 650 of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Potterylot 75-45 ForumSouthwest, 73E. Pre-Romanstratainsidesouth tower of West Shops. Fill above floor associated with the pentagonal building. Late third quarter through the last quarterof the 5th century.Williamsand Fisher 1976, p. 108. Contents include 243. Potterylot 75-52 Forum Southwest, 73D-73E-74D. Pre-Roman strata inside south tower of West Shops. Fill of NNE-SSW robbing trenches. Late 4th century. Williams and Fisher 1976, p. 108. Contents include an uninventoried pyxis fragment with an ivy vine similar to that on 312. Potterylot 75-131 Forum Southwest, 71D. Surface above pit 1975-1. Third quarter of the 5th century. Pit 1975-1 is dated 460-440: Williams and Fisher 1976, pp. 104-107. Contentsinclude a fragmentof an uninventoriedConventionalizing powder-pyxislid. Potterylot 75-240 AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,P:26. Room E. Layer of stones along north wall. Late 6th century to ca. 475. See CorinthXVIII, iii, pp. 79-80, 159-161 for discussion of this area. Contents include 263. Potterylot 75-241 Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,P:26. Room E. Under lot 75-240. 6th to early 5th century See CorinthXVIII, iii, pp. 79-80, 159-161 for discussion of this area. Contents include 198 and 328. Potterylot 1978-98 Forum Southwest, 67C. Punic Amphora Building, firstphase. Fill under lowest poros floor.Ca. 460. Williams 1979, pp. 107, 111, 118-124. Contents include 60, 264, and 307.
22
CONTEXTS
Potterylot 1978-99 Forum Southwest, 67C. Punic Amphora Building. Constructionfill for pier set in firstporos floor.Date no later than ca. 460. Williams 1979, pp. 105-124. Contents include small fragments of Conventionalizing kotylai. Potterylot 1980-159 Potters' Quarter. Erosa Shrine. Fill covering south face of early north wall and upon which the south line of stones (phase 2) leans. Third quarter of the 5th century.Williams 1981a, pp. 413-415. Contents include 270. Potterylot 1980-167 Potters' Quarter. Surface (since 1930s excavations)to bedrock. Third quarter of the 5th century,with some earlier material. Contents include 408.
Potterylot 1980-173 Potters' Quarter. Corridor of Terracotta Factory.In doorway between corridor and shrine room. Date after 450. Williams 1981a, p. 418. Contents include 206. Potterylot 1982-88 East of Theater 94:BK. Votive deposit west of hearth. First half or middle of the 5th century.Williams and Zervos 1983, pp. 4-8. Contents include 200, 209, 210, and 581.
III DECORATIVE MOTIFS T
HE DEVELOPMENT AND CHRONOLOGY of common motifs used to decorate Corin-
thian Conventionalizing pottery are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate reference to material discussed in the other chapters. Table 1, which illustrates the development of some of the most common decorative elements, should be used together with the catalogue so that the full chronological ranges of the vases are clear. ADDED COLOR The term is used herein for a matt paint that overlies a coat of glaze. 1 The word "added" precedes a color term when the color described was applied onto glaze rather than directly onto the clay surface. During the first half and middle of the 6th century, white, red, and purple paints are rarely seen without an undercoat of black glaze. The use of added red and purple gradually decreases during the second half of the 6th century, and purple nearly ceases altogether. In the 5th century, added red and purple are used only occasionally. The colors continue but the glaze undercoat is usually omitted. White paint, on the other hand, is nearly always added white. Added purple regains popularity in the 4th century, added white becomes rare, and any red is generally painted onto the clay. BUDS (alsocalledblobs,daubs,teardrops) The use of buds as a prominent decorative motif heralds the emergence of the Corinthian Conventionalizing style in the middle of the 6th century.2 During the second half of the 6th century, buds are sometimes placed on short stems that may have dots or short cross-bars at mid-height.3 On some vases, the stem may be replaced with a large dot.4 338, a plate from Stele Shrine A that probably dates to the middle of the first half of the 5th century, is among the latest examples decorated with stemmed buds, but the stems are no longer dotted or crossed. Chains of linked lotus buds also make their first appearance on Corinthian pottery in the middle of the 6th century and seem to appear first on large vases.5 Two oinochoai and a hydria from the North Cemetery are among the earliest vases decorated with this motif. Horizontal l The "glaze"was not a true glaze but rather a sinter slip. Matt red and purple are produced from slightly differentmixturesof the same paint. See Farnsworth1970, pp. 18-19; CorVP, pp. 537-540. 2 See Broneer 1951, 295, p. pl. 91:d. The presence of this motif on C-50-46, a convex pyxis from well 1946-3 (north of Shop IV in the South Stoa Colonnade), suggeststhat stemmed buds appear by the third quarterof the 6th century.Fordiscussions of this well, see Broneer 1951, pp. 294-296; Corinth I, iv, VII, iii, deposit 87; and note that Brownlee pp. 7-9, 95; Corinth (1987b, p. 75; 1989, p. 364, no. 18) brings the date down to ca. 540. Broneer regarded this vase as contemporarywith the lower fill of the well, dating to the period of use of the well. A date in the middle or early third quarter of the 6th century seems likely for the piece and would be consistent with that
lower fill. It must be noted, however, that C-50-46 is listed in the excavationrecordsas one of the objects found in the upper fill, which is dated by Edwards to the early 3rd century. 3 Stemmed buds are especially common decorationfor the upper bodies of convex pyxides. Examples include TocraII, pp. 11-12, nos. 1853, 1854, pl. 3; CVA,Karlsruhe 1 [Germany 7], pl. 42:12; CVA,Frankfurtam Main 1 [Germany25], pl. 19:4; see also MegaraHyblaeaII, p. 69, pl. 57:2 (oinochoe?). 4 A Corinthian Conventionalizing convex pyxis from a tomb at Monte S. Mauro, now in the Orsi Museum in Syracuse, has stemmed buds on the body and on the shoulder a row of outward-pointingbuds with dots at their bases. 5 Patricia Lawrence (pers. comm.), pointing out that this use of the motif emerges at the same time in Attic and "Chalcidian"pottery,posits an Attic origin.
APPROXIMATE DATE
550
525
LINKED BUDS8
|
BAND
475
450
400
425
375
325
350
. 1li
125
_5____01
DOUBLEDOTTED
500
626 ,
49
_
3138
,__
IMEL
_-.w=.110
398
141
5
IWVYVINE
. 55
186
LOOP
... 485
442
493
W 366
CLOSED
563
5830
7607
390
9ss
55
7
3a
MAEANDER665
BROKEN
SINGLE
e 70
78
rr
HOOK MAEANDER
r
'flE
f
5LaI
5
452 -
-
f-lJ
E
435
n
f
wUiusuaua 670 28
Jn.WCr
MAEANDER
51
na
300
LIL
!
602
596
375
LrI389
CLOSED DOUBLE MAEANDER
e73
454
BROKEN DOUBLE MAEANDER4
B 503
TPEPALMETTE, TYPEI
as
653
299
PALMETTE,
422
t*
TYPE2
w651
52
FOUR-^BR SIGMA
??
&tn 4955
34
663
tPPEDTAW TRIAN LE RMANGL
488
B
110
rn 9 ' T
SPIRAL
TONGUE
02
118
wy v4TA 123
l 188
623
651t
55
452
410
I
/$i 659
403
63s
r 68
415
50
a
,
WAVE
495
612
ZETA/ THREE-BAR
rVA aGZAG
231
219
SIGMA
e\
220
297
WW
f
78
.w
374
200
212
i
95
tt
3s7
387
m iM
289
246
TABLEI. Development of common decorative elements
WW 251
IVYVINE
25
lines are incised at the top and bottom of each bud of the chain encirclingthe body of one of these vases, 501, from North Cemetery deposit 46. The other two vases, 500 and 508, feature chains
in which buds alternate with lotus flowers drawn as buds with leaves. These large shapes soon drop out of the Conventionalizingrepertoire,but the linked lotus bud motif continues. At around the same time or perhaps only slightly later, linked lotus buds become common on
kotylai. Among the earliest are the large lotus kotylai discussedin Chapter 4. Again the buds are prominently placed at mid-height on the body. Added color (purple at first, then red) is often used, either on all the buds, as seen on 615, or more commonly on every other one. In the late 6th and early 5th centuries, these chains are sometimes moved up to the handle zones of kotylai. Unlinked buds seem to appear by the end of the third quarter of the 6th century, for a convex pyxis with unlinked buds was found with a late Droop cup in a grave at Akraiphia.6 By the end of the 6th century, such buds are common. Among the earliest vases at Corinth with free-floating buds are 130 and 372, on which every other bud is painted with added color. Once buds are no longer linked, however, the use of added color soon ceases. Any red paint is applied directly to the clay surface. Linked buds become rare after the first quarter of the 5th century but do not entirely disappear. 313, a lekanis lid from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1), features a black band with linked buds in added white. The buds on the bodies of convex pyxides, however, are no longer linked after the first quarter of the 5th century. Linked buds are rare in the handle zones of kotylai after the first quarter of the 5th century, and cease before ca. 450. Buds are a very common motif on convex pyxides, long after they disappear from other shapes. On these vases, they may take the form of a necklace, in which the height of an individual
bud on a vase is inversely proportional to its distance from the handles. DOTTED BANDS The dotted band is generally regarded as a motif that was rare by the middle of the 6th century B.C. and virtually nonexistent in the second half.7 This is generally the case, but double-dotted bands continue to define the junction of body and shoulder on convex pyxides well into the 5th century.8 On other vases, including 141, which is dated to the first quarter of the 5th century, a rudimentary
double-dotted band is achieved by crosshatching. Single-dotted bands are not uncommon in the 5th century; numerous examples were found in Stele Shrine A. Still later, both single- and doubledotted bands are used to separate zones of decoration on the name vase of the Merlin Painter. Dotted bands alone, therefore, cannot be used as indicators of an early date. IVY VINE Pemberton suggests that the Attic development of painted ivy vines is paralleled at Corinth.9 Talcott notes that on Attic red-figured pottery, the ivy vine begins as a compact design in which berry clusters and heart-shaped leaves are arranged in pairs, the decoration below the central vine being the mirror image of that above. The mirror effect is gone by the early 5th century. In the second quarter of the 5th century, the tendrils of Attic ivy vines become longer, and the central vine is a wavy line. In the middle of the 5th century and later, the tendrils become thin and intermingled, while the central vine is a broad wavy line. 10 Talcott's chronology, however, is not applicable to Athenian white-ground ivy lekythoi. These
Attic lekythoi, which were widely traded and are found in Corinthian gravesbetween ca. 460 and 6 Andreiomenou 1980, pp. 174-181, grave 24. 7 See, for example, Bentz 1982, p. 19. 8 51 and 54 are 5th-centuryconvex pyxides decoratedwith double-dotted bands.
9 Pemberton 1970, p. 282. I0 Talcott 1935, pp. 500-501. See also McPhee 1997, pp. 137-138.
26
DECORATIVE MOTIFS
the third quarter of the 5th century, all bear similar ivy patterns.ll The central vine is a straight horizontal line to which leaves and berries are attached. They are arranged in mirror-image pairs, and although design is much looser than the first phase described by Talcott, the paired arrangement is similar to that used by Attic red-figure painters a half-century earlier. With time, the ivy and berries are gradually brought in closer to the central vine. Imitations of these lekythoi were produced at Corinth and have been studied by Palmer and Steiner.12 Many of the Corinthian ivy vines are virtually identical to their Athenian counterparts, but some are not. One example has leaves and berry clusters that are set further from the central vine than any of the Attic examples and are attached on stems that lack the usual Attic S-curve.13 Another has an ivy vine that runs from right to left, in a direction opposite that of the Athenian lekythoi.14 Steiner suggests that Conventionalizing pottery provided local models for Corinthian painters of white-ground lekythoi. 15 It is difficult to ascertain exactly when ivy appears in the Conventionalizing repertoire. Conventionalizing ivy vines do not precisely follow the same development as those of Attic redfigure, Attic white-ground lekythoi, or Corinthian white-ground lekythoi. Instead, any of the three may include parallels for a particular Conventionalizing example. The chronological development of the ivy vine in Conventionalizing pottery is an amalgamation of the other developmental series. 186, a large kotyle from Stele Shrine A, may be one of the earliest Conventionalizing vases to carry the ivy vine motif. The central vine is straight, the stems are strongly arched, the leaves are staggered, and the design is very compact. The closest parallels are in Attic red-figure, and if Talcott's chronology is used, a date in the first two decades of the 5th century is appropriate. The central vine of the ivy painted on the shoulder of 55, a convex pyxis from a mid-5thcentury context, is also straight, but the leaves and berries are arranged in mirror-image pairs. The leaves and berries are set away from the stems in a manner similar to that of the first Corinthian lekythos mentioned above, but the stems are shorter than those of the lekythos. Regarding the shape of the leaves, and the angle and distance of the berry clusters from the vine, 55 is also similar to the ivy pattern on 645, a lid found in deposit 14 (cistern 1940-3).16 The stems of 645, however, have a double curve and should be at least slightly later. A lekanis lid found outside a mid-5th-century grave at Halieis is decorated with an ivy vine that has a straight central vine.17 The stems of the leaves are longer than those of the Stele Shrine A kotyle and are nearly straight. The leaves are staggered and close to the central vine. The lid is probably contemporary with the grave. Ivy decorates the lid of lekanis 314 from deposit 17 in the North Cemetery. The deposit is dated by Palmer to the third quarter of the 5th century, apparently because of similarities between this lid and one from deposit 22 (well 1934-10).18 The ivy vines of these lids lack berries, but they are otherwise similar to those of some of the vases from the Vrysoula Workshop. The stems and vines are slightly and erratically wiggly. The stems are long but follow close to the vine. The ivy leaves and berry clusters of some of the vases from the Vrysoula Workshop, such as 442, are set on stems with strong double curves. They are long and follow close to the vine. The Widean ivy stems, though not on vines, have strong double curves as well. Ure suggests a date of 430-420 for vases bearing this type of ivy stem, and that is consistent with additional evidence for dating the Sam Wide Group (see below pp. 161-162).19 " Corinth XIII, pp. 121, 164-165. Palmer'sterminal date is later because she dated grave 404 to the early fourth quarterof the 5th century,perhaps in part on the erroneous assumption that Attic imports were unavailablein Corinth during the first part of the Peloponnesian War.Grave 404 does not appear to be quite that late. 12 Corinth XIII, pp. 141-143; Steiner 1992, pp. 388-406. 13 Corinth XIII, no. 371-5 (T-1088), pl. 60.
14 Corinth XIII, no. 388-11 (T-2866), pl. 63. 15 Steiner 1992, p. 398. 16
17 18
See also Chapter 5, below. Dengate 1976, p. 297, no. 56, pl. 71. Corinth XIII, pp. 304-305. See also p. 10.
19 Ure
1949, p. 22.
MAEANDERS
27
Other vases, such as 485, show what may be a slightly later development of the ivy vine types seen on 442 and 645. The stems are still long, but the stems of berry clusters are more curved
than the stems of leaves. All of the stems run alongside the vine so closely that it is sometimes impossible to distinguishthe central vine from the stems. There are a few ivy vine styles that are still later. Some of the ivy stems decorating the shoulder
of 493 are not attached to the vine at all, while others crossthe vine, continuing beyond it. The ivy leaves of KP-1413 have stems that are attached to each other, but there is no central vine at all.20
Both of these vases appear on stylisticgroundsto be later than any in deposit 23 (channel 1964-1), but both are from the Potters' Quarter and cannot be closely dated by context. The ivy vine on Conventionalizing pottery appears earlier, continues longer, and is more varied stylistically than the ivy vines on lekythoi. The use of this motif, however, reached the
height of its popularity during the time when white-ground ivy lekythoi were being imported and produced. LOOP PATTERNS Loop patterns vary and appear sporadically rather than continuously. Exaleiptra of or related
to the Serpentine Group are decorated with loops, and the loops are usually filled with dots or teardrops.21KP-2602, an exaleiptronwith a dotted-loop pattern on its shoulder,found near the North Road in the Potters' Quarter, is close in decoration to an exaleiptron that was found in a grave at Sindos dated ca. 540.22 The loops of KP-2602 are not as rounded as those of 666 and 667 of the Serpentine Group. The loop of 366 is like that of 666. 396, an oinochoe, also carries this pattern. All should probably be dated to the third quarter of the 6th century.
The handle zones of kotylai are sometimes decorated with darts inside loops. 121 and 122, nearly identical, were both found in the TrenchJ deposit. Their profiles are similar to that of 120, from grave 250 in the North Cemetery,dated in the last quarter of the 6th century.23 Loop patterns also occur on 5th-century Conventionalizingpottery.A powder-pyxislid from deposit 22 (well 1934-10) is decorated with dotted-loop patterns, with closed loops on the top and open loops on the sides.24 These loops are not as symmetrical as the examples from the 6th century.Another lid fragment from this well is decorated either with a loop pattern or with spirals.25 A neck fragment, 530 from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1), carries a related pattern, a sine wave embellished with dotted semicircles. The open-loop pattern, which may develop from the running spiral, continues in the 4th century. The rim of 563, a kantharos from cistern 1 in the Potters' Quarter, is decorated with a pattern that is similar to that on the side of the earlier lid from deposit 22 (well 1934-10).26 An exaleiptron
from the Terracotta
Factory, 390, shows the late and much-simplified
survival
of the motif. MAEANDERS (alsocalledkeys) Maeander patterns, never as popular at Corinth as elsewhere even in the Geometric period, exist but are are uncommon in the 7th and 6th centuries.27 There are no maeanders at all on any of the pots discussed by Amyx and Lawrence in CorinthVII, ii. The maeanders on KP-1758 and a convex Corinth XV, iii, no. 1156 (KP-1413), pl. 48. The loops of 366 are not filled. A similarpattern appears on the shoulder of a convex pyxis from deposit 3 (dated ca. 565-520) at Tocra: see TocraII, p. 12, no. 1860, pl. 4. 22 Corinth XV, iii, no. 1621 (KP-2602), pl. 65; Sindos,no. 249, grave 25. 20
21
23
CorinthXIII, pp. 210-211, gives an earlier date, but see p. 11. 24 Pease 1937, p. 285, no. 106 (C-34-1165), fig. 20. 25 Pease 1937, p. 286, no. 113 (C-34-1177), fig. 20. 26 See note 24. The top of the lid is decoratedwith a dotted loop. 27 Corinth VII, i, p. 88.
28
DECORATIVE MOTIFS
pyxis in St. Louis,28 both LC I, are of types unknown in the Conventionalizing repertoire. Nor is there evidence of continuity between these and the maeanders that appear on Conventionalizing pottery. The closed single maeander is seen on products of the Winchester Group and the Spiral Dot Group but is not particularly common on Conventionalizing wares. It is absent from the pottery found in deposit 22 (well 1934-10) and from almost all later material. Yet 651 and 18 show that it may still be found occasionally
on vases of the second half of the 5th century. The
presence of a closed single maeander, therefore, generally suggests that a vase should be dated in the second half of the 6th century or in the 5th century, but this motif occurs too sporadically to be very useful. The closed single maeander was gradually superseded by the more frequently used broken single maeander, a motif that first appears in the early 5th century, as on 76.29 It is used together with the closed single maeander on the vases of the Spiral Dot Group. On vases of the Vrysoula Workshop, one short additional stroke is sometimes present at the center of each
maeander element. This extra stroke appears to be a short-lived stylization, and non-Vrysoulan vases decorated with such maeanders are contemporary with that workshop. The use of the broken single maeander on 452 shows that this decorative element continues down to the late 5th
century. It is basically a 5th-century motif. The hook maeander, created as a series of pairs of interlocking two-bar or three-bar hooks, reappears in the late 6th century or first quarter of the 5th century.30 Both the three-bar hook maeander and the two-bar hook maeander appear at this time, although the three-bar form may
make its first appearance slightly earlier than the two-bar. 608 and 609 show that both types could be used by the same painter. In its earliest form, the hook maeander
is carefully drawn,
with the base of each component grounded on bordering lines so that a single maeander is left in reserve.31 The three-bar hook maeander, never as popular as the two-bar form, continues into the early third quarter of the 5th century, then disappears.32 Around the middle of the 5th century, as shown by 375, the components of two-bar hook maeanders break free of the baselines. In the examples from deposit 22 (well 1934-10) and deposit 23 (channel 1964-1) it is not evident that the painters intended to use the hooks to create a maeander. Both ends of each hook may be attached to bordering lines, as on a lid from deposit 22 (well 1934-10).33 More usually, however, the entire design rests on the lower of the bordering lines. The hook maeander was most popular at this time, in the second half of the 5th century. Examples from deposit 28 (drain 1937-1) indicate that the hook maeander may have continued as late as ca. 360, but the motif was not used after that. Although a closed double maeander does appear on the rim of a MC kylix in Moscow, there is no evidence of continuity between this kylix and Conventionalizing vases bearing the same type of decoration.34 321 may be one of the earliest Conventionalizing examples, but the dates that have been suggested for it vary. Callipolitis-Feytmans argues that the shape imitates Attic forms and was adopted by Corinthian
potters at the beginning
CorinthXV, iii, p. 162, no. 839, pl. 38; Necrocorinthia, p. 322, no. 1304, pl. 35, 1, 4; CorVP,p. 259, Al, 352 (St. Louis, WashingtonUniversity 600, Lotus-CrossPainter). 29 Also see two nearly identical lekanides: Sciarra 1976, p. 27, no. 157; Biers 1971, p. 412, no. 37, pl. 88. 30 There are also MC examples, such as CorVP,p. 193, no. 9 (Samos Group); Amyx 1996, p. 24, no. 81, pl. 21 (also the Samos Group). Two-bar hook maeanders are used by the painters of the Spiral Group (see p. 158). If 300 and Boulter 1963, p. 116, no. All (Athens P 10336), were heirlooms, the three-bar hook maeander may reappear in Corinthian Conventionalizing pottery before the end of the 6th century. 28
of Late Corinthian
II, and she
Another example.that may be as early as the late 6th century is a pyxis in Syracuse, Gentili 1951, pp. 311-312, fig. 45 (no. 52184). 31 KP-2109 (CorinthXV, iii, p. 300, no. 1637, pl. 65) is decorated with a hook maeander of this type and should be dated to the first half of the 5th century ratherthan the second half of the 6th century,as suggested by Stillwell and Benson. 32 The latest example found at Corinth is 308, a lekanis from grave 380 in the North Cemetery. 33 Pease 1937, p. 286, no. 114 (C-34-1004), fig. 21. 34 Cor VP,p. 198, no. 1, pl. 81.
PALMETTES
29
implies that this plate should certainly date before 520.35 Benson, on the other hand, prefers a date "at least as late as the end of the 6th century."36 The closed double maeander of this vase is similar to that on 673, suggesting a date at least as late as the first or early second quarter of the 5th century, but the ring foot is unlikely to be that late. 321 simply may show another of the early but sporadic uses of this maeander type. The closed double maeander is used more frequently during the 5th century, especially the second half. Its presence on 602 shows that this motif probably continues into the early 4th century. The broken double maeander occurs primarily within the Vrysoula Workshop but may appear slightly earlier, as it also decorates a fragment from deposit 22 (well 1934-10).37 65 and 438, which are similarly decorated, have parallels for their shapes in the material from deposit 22 (well 193410). The broken double maeander, therefore, may appear late in the second quarter of the 5th century. It is not found on any vases post-Vrysoulan in date and thus probably dies out before the end of the 5th century. Maeanders broken by checkerboard squares, common as lower borders of Attic red-figured scenes and on architectural revetments, are uncommon on Conventionalizing pottery but do occur on ambitious pieces such as the name vase of the Merlin Painter.38 Most of the other vases decorated with this pattern are likewise associated with the Vrysoula Workshop (see pp. 149-151). Little decoration except the maeander and checkerboard pattern itself is preserved of 430, but this fragment should be grouped together with these vases as well. PALMETTES Conventionalizing painters often decorated vases with palmettes. These palmettes take two basic and distinctive forms, herein called Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 palmettes, solid black, are the direct descendant of pre-Conventionalizing palmette forms. Originally rendered in black-figure, with the petals of the fronds designated by incised lines, they develop into a silhouette design as the use of incision is abandoned. Type 2 palmettes, which have each petal painted separately, appear later and continue longer than Type 1 palmettes. Throughout most of the 5th century, however, both types are used concurrently, even by the same workshops, though they never appear together on an individual vase. TYPE 1
As Pemberton has noted, the incision and added color of Type 1 palmettes gradually become less careful in the second half of the 6th century until, by or in the early 5th century, they may be omitted entirely.39 In the late 6th and early 5th centuries, silhouette palmettes are sometimes painted as stepped triangles, linked at their bases and separated by lotus buds or blossoms.40 This can be seen on 299. Another lid very much like it was found in the North Road Deposit of the Potters' Quarter, and the palmettes of plate 327 are drawn in a similar manner.41 The palmettes of kotyle 653, dated by profile in the second quarter of the 5th century, are spikey in appearance. These become more exaggerated on 540, a feeder from North Cemetery grave 336 of the late second quarter or middle of the 5th century, and on 53.42 These seem to develop into the early "Christmas tree" or "Rorschach" palmettes of 55, found in a mid35
Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 139. Corinth XV, iii, p. 304, discussion of no. 1658. 37 Pease 1937, pp. 282, 284-285, no. 96 (C-34-1179). 38 .ecrocorinthia, p. 337, no. 1553. Payne noted architectural Pemberton 1970, p. 273, pl. 66. Parallelsin Attic comparanda; red-figuredborders are found through much of the Classical period. See the work of the Syleus Painter,ARV2249, no. 6; the Polygnotos Group,ARV2 1050, no. 4; the Meidias Painter, ARV21039, no. 13;AgoraXXX, p. 208, no. 448, pl. 53, an early4th-century bell krater.This type of border is less common in 36
Corinthian red-figurebut is not unknown: see Corinth VII, iv, p. 172, no. 180 (C-72-80), pl. 29. 39 Pemberton 1970, p. 286. 40 Perhaps borrowed from Attic pottery. See, for example, Ure 1932, p. 59, no. 3, fig. 3, a Droop cup. 41 The example from the Road Deposit is Corinth XV iii, no. 959 (KP-1559). 42 Lipdra II, p. 201, pl. XLIII:6b, a convexpyxis, is decorated with similarspikeyType 1 palmettes.
30
DECORATIVE MOTIFS
5th century context, and 417, which is from deposit 22 (well 1934-10) and probably dates to the middle decades of the 5th century as well.43 The taller and more slender "Christmas tree"
palmettes of the VrysoulaWorkshopare the latest Type 1 palmettes. TYPE 2
In her discussion of 488, Pemberton suggests a chronology for another type of palmette, which is generally borne out by a study of the material presented in this volume.44The problems occur at the beginning of the series.45Pemberton'ssuggestion, that the series should begin in the late 6th centurywith petals that rise from a bridge-calyxrenderedin black silhouette and replaced with a large black dot by or in the early 5th century,is plausible.519 had hybridpalmettes. They are rendered in black-figure,but the fronds are long, separatelypainted Type 2 fronds. The Type 2 palmettes can also have an outlined bridge-calyx.Fourvases decorated with such palmettes were found in the Road Deposit of the Potters' Quarter. Two, 52 and KP-2433, are by the same hand.46The petals are alternatelyred and black, and all are of about the same length. The other two, KP-1519 and KP-2428, are differentin appearance.47All the petals are black and have clubbed tips, and the central petals of the palmettes are longer than the others. A fifth vase with an outlined calyx on each palmette is 269, a miniature phiale from deposit 22
(well 1934-10). This phiale is curious. It has the low shape and the outward-thickenedrim, dotted on top, that are typical of the second half ofthe 5th century The linked buds on the exteriorhave parallelsin this period as well. Other rims from the second half of the 5th century are incurving, however, and this one is not. The shape and arrangement of the petals are closer to silhouetted
palmettes of the irst half of the 5th centurythan to any palmettes of the second half of the century. It seems most likely that the outlined bridge-calyx is to be dated in the first half of the century. Regarding the Type 2 palmette with the dot calyx, Pemberton notes that it is during the first
half of the 5th century that the petals separate from the calyx.48The use of paint on or instead of glaze may continue into the middle of the 5th century,as paint is still used in this manner on vases of the Spiral Dot Group but is no longer found after that. Enclosed and diagonal palmettes appear during the second quarter of the 5th century, as seen on 61. The petals of these palmettes have clubbed tips, and the central petal is most prominent. As Pemberton points out, such palmettes are also among the motifs seen on the pottery from deposit 22 (well 1934-10), while lyre palmettes appear for the first time on the pottery from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1).49
By the 4th century the petals of palmettes are thin, linear, and numerous.50On some 4thcenturyvases, such as 495, palmettes are denoted only with groups of pinnae.51These groups are typically separated by a wavy line, but sometimes even that is absent. RAYS RISING FROM THE BASES OF VESSELS Most ray-based Conventionalizing vessels can be dated in the 6th century and early part of the
5th, and none appear to be later than the second quarterof the 5th century.The shape most often decorated with rays on the lower body is the kotyle, although other shapes may be decorated in this manner as well. For example, 396, an oinochoe with a dotted-loop pattern, is ray based. The terms are those used by Pemberton 1970, p. 286. Pemberton 1970, pp. 282-283. 45 Early Type 2 palmettes seem to be inspired by those that grace numerousimported Attic black-figuredlekythoi and skyphoi in the late 6th century and the early decades of the 5th, but they are not exact copies. Studies ofpalmette antefixes and palmette decoration on simas found at Corinth may prove helpfulin the future.At present, however,our understandingof their stylisticevolution is not precise enough to be illuminating. 46 Corinth XV, iii, p. 179, no. 935 (KP-2433), pl. 43. 43
44
47 CorinthXV iii, p. 182, no. 957 (KP-1519), pl. 43; p. 153, no. 970 (KP-2428), pl. 44. 48 Pemberton 1970, p. 282. 49 Pemberton 1970, p. 282, note 33, fig. 6. 50 Pemberton 1970, pp. 282-283. This continues a trend seen on pattern lekythoi and in the VrysoulaWorkshop. 51 Other examples include two convex pyxides with lebes rims and vertical handles: Dengate 1976, p. 290, no. 29, pl. 69, and a similar example in the Whitaker Museum on Motya (Munn 1983, pp. 156, 220, no. 48).
31
TONGUES
SIGMAS: Four-Bar Sigmas, a carryoverfrom earlier periods, are still found in the handle zones of kotylai and on pyxides in the first half of the 6th century,but are soon afterwarddropped from the Corinthian repertoire.52663, of the WinchesterGroup, is among the latest vases to carry this motif. Four-bar sigmasare absent from the repertoireof motifsused on the pottery found in deposit 8 (well 1937-3), and are not used to decorate later pottery.53For three-barsigmas, see p. 33 below. SPIRALS Though they appear in Late CorinthianI and in the SpiralGroup (see p. 158), there is no evidence for the frequent use of spiralsin the Conventionalizingrepertoirebefore the 5th century.54They are used by the painters of the Spiral Dot Group, and Benson suggests that 347, which bears spirals,is related to these vases.55The spiralsof 347, created from a single continuous line looped over in the center of each spiral, are very different in appearance, and instead of dots there are
chevronsbetween the spirals.Some, but not all, of the chevronshave dots below them. Chevrons also appear between the spirals of 651 and an unpublished cylindrical oinochoe found at the
Corinthian Asklepieion, but the spirals of those two examples are drawn differentlyfrom 347 and from each other. The use of spirals to decorate Corinthian Conventionalizing pottery may
become common in the first quarter (see 337 and 673) but is generally limited to the second and third quarters of the 5th century, and probably ceases by the end of the century.
See also the discussion of loop patterns above. STEPPED TRIANGLES (also calledcones,pyramids)
Stepped triangles, cones with stepped sides that are usually painted within a band and in an alternatingarrangement,firstappear in the handle zones of kotylaiby ca. 570.56 102 is one of the earliest examples. The motif becomes very popular on other shapes in the third quarter of the century and remains common through the first half of the 5th century. Stepped triangles generally
become longer and more narrow with time. They may be separated by zigzags, or in the second half of the 5th century by lambdas. The pattern becomes less common in the third quarter of the 5th century and dies out during the last quarter. It is no longer used in the 4th century.
See also Chapter V, pages 140-141 and 158-159. TONGUES Rows of tongues are most commonly found on the shoulders of closed vessels but sometimes are
used on open shapes as well. Short, rayliketongues are found on the shoulders of oinochoai and pyxides in the firsthalf of the 6th century.57They continue sporadicallyin the third quarterof the 6th century and soon thereafter disappear from the Conventionalizing repertoire. Late tongues may resemble rays but are usually thicker. 52 As seen, for example, on CorinthXIII, p. 310, no. D43a
(T-3226), pl. 25, MC; Lawrence 1964, p. 95, no. E15 (C-60-117), pl. 20, LC I (early); and 110 (see p. 58 below). See also the observationsof Stillwell and Benson, Corinth XV, iii, p. 231, no. 1267. 53 Short careless zigzags, as seen for example on 220, are probably not related. 54
CorVP,p. 265, no. A2, Louvre E 642 (Necrocorinthia,
no. 1447) by the Damon Painter is a LC I example.
55
56
CorinthXV, iii, p. 304, no. 1660.
A few miniature kotylai, 196, 197, and 198, carry such alternatingcones at the bottom of the body,just above the foot. 57 Several examples are published by Lawrence 1964, pp. 94-95, pls. 18-19.
DECORATIVE MOTIFS
32
364 has outlined tongues with scalloped edges. Intersticesbetween scallops are filled in. The vase is very worn, but it is likely that the tongues were alternately black and purple. On other vases of the second half of the 6th century, tongues are always alternately black and either purple or red. The tongues are always outlined in black glaze and usually feature arcs at their ends, giving the design a scalloped appearance. This pattern continues into the first half of the 5th
century.Pyxides from grave 1971-9 at Asine still have decoration of this type, as does 502 from Stele Shrine A.58 Other vases dated to the first half of the 5th century have alternately red and black tongues separated by straight dilute lines, without arcs at their ends. Some, such as 50, simulate scalloping through the placement of small triangles between the tongue tips. Real and simulated scalloped
outlines disappear by the middle of the 5th century. In the second half of the 5th century, tongues (still separated by dilute lines) become narrower
and more closely spaced. The latest example of a vase with tongues found at Corinth is 68, a convex pyxis from a late-5th-centurycontext. By this time, all the tongues are in glaze.59 Occasionally, tongues may have glazed dots between their outer tips, instead of dilute separating lines. This does not have chronological significance, except insofar as this use of dots is generally a 5th-century feature. 328 was found in a context dated to the 6th and early 5th centuries. 499, the miniature olpe found in Trench J, probably dates in the late 6th or early 5th century. Both 79 and 435 can be dated in the first half of the 5th century by context. 405 and 437 are probably later, as they were both found in deposit 22 (well 1934-10). The tongues of
437 are thinner and more closely spaced than those of the other examples, and this may be the latest in the series. The shoulder of 401 is decorated with elongated teardrop-shaped tongues, which have a scalloped bottom border, but are differentiated from other tongues by the absence of dilute lines between them. Examples from Stele Shrine A and deposit 22 (well 1934-10) show that these
tongues soon become thin and closely spaced. Although a heavy black glaze is sometimes used, thin dilute glaze becomes more common, as seen on 449. Such decoration continues on closed shapes as long as those shapes continue to be decorated in the Conventionalizing style.
WAVE The wave pattern sometimes appears on the shoulders of Conventionalizing oinochoai and convex pyxides in the late 5th and 4th centuries, apparently having been introduced into the
Conventionalizing repertoire around the same time that it first appears on Corinthian redfigured pottery.60
WHORLS The omphalos of a phiale found in the Potters' Quarter is decorated with a whorl, as are the undersides of some kotylai, including 608 and 609.61 The whorl pattern, however, is most commonly used at the center of the floor of a plate. This pattern has a long history in Corinthian
vase painting but is relatively uncommon
58 For the grave at Asine, which is dated in the first quarter of the 5th century,see AsineII, vi, i, pp. 13-22, 30. 59 This is occasionally seen earlier in the 5th century. All the tongues of 434, for example, are black. 60 The wave pattern is a favorite motif of the Hermes Painter. See CorinthVII, iv, p. 7. I would like to thank Keith DeVries for pointing out Attic parallels: The wave pattern is
on Conventionalizing
pottery. The whorl
absent from the work of the Meidias Painter but is used by his followers. 61 The phiale, CorinthXV, iii, no. 1674 (KP-1913), was found in Trench J. See Andreiomenou 1991a, pp. 44-45, for a powder-pyxislid decorated with a whorl.
ZIGZAGS
33
may continue into the third quarter of the 5th century, if the decoration at the center of the undersideof 643 is considered a whorl.62This is a very degenerateform, and whorls are found no later in Conventionalizingpottery. ZETAS ANDTHREE-BAR SIGMAS Zetas and three-bar sigmas are considered together here as they constitute the same motif drawn in different directions. Zetas are far more common than sigmas, but both can appear throughout
the span of time during which this motif is used. Appearing long before the Conventionalizing style begins, this motif is not very helpful for chronological purposes. During the 6th century, and perhaps into the early 5th, the "letters"may be widely spaced, but after the early 5th century they are always close together.Zetas and three-barsigmas are especially common on 5th-century Conventionalizingvases. The use of zetas on 360 and 387 indicates that this type of decoration may continue into the second quarterof the 4th century,but it is unknown after that. ZIGZAGS Horizontal zigzags are especially common on kotylai. They begin to decorate handle zones in the third quarter of the 6th century, as seen on 117. During the 5th century the zigzags in handle zones become compacted. In the second quarter of the 5th century the strokes not only are very closely spaced but also take a slight S-curve. These zigzags look as though they have horizontal lines through the middle so they resemble feather stitching or picket fences.63 It appears that the horizontal zigzag, among the most common motifs in the second half of the 6th century and the first half of the 5th, dies out around or shortly after the middle of the 5th century on nearly all Conventionalizing shapes. Kalathiskoi are an exception.64 The dotted zigzag, however, does not follow this pattern. There is no discernible difference between the dotted zigzag on the chiton of the figure depicted on C-59-63, which is LC I, and that decorating the throne of Demeter on a plate of the Sam Wide Group.65 Zigzags may also appear together with stepped triangles, separating them. This motif may appear as early as the late 6th century, but most of the vases bearing this motif can be dated, on the bases of context and of shape, in the 5th century. Stepped triangles separated by zigzags continue well into the second half of the 5th century but are probably discontinued before the end of that century. Among the latest vessels bearing this decoration are large convex pyxides.66
62
354, a plate from Stele Shrine A, may have had a whorl at the center of the floor. Callipolitis-Feytmans(1962, p. 161) lists this among LC II miniatures,but it is probablymuch later. The rim bears a T-pattern, an unusualdecorativemotif. Some of the stepped triangles on exaleiptra from well 1934-10 are similar,but the best parallel for the decoration is on 446, an oinochoe from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). 63 I am indebted to Patricia Lawrence for the comparison with embroidery,which is just right.
64
See Corinth XVIII, i, pp. 23-24. CorinthVII, ii, p. 58, no. 216, pl. 41; Athens, National Museum 5825, discussed below, pp. 162-165, 172. See also V, p. 186, no. 17-31, pl. 50. Morgantina 66 Dengate 1976, p. 308, no. 122, fig. 5, pl. 76; Tusa 1990, p. 21, no. 720 (misidentifiedas a locally made vessel);Bernab6 Brea 1956, p. 120, no. 15, pl. 24:9 (Syracuseno. 45347). 65
IV THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
IN THE FOLLOWING CHAPTER, vase shapes are organized in the sequence used by Amyx and derived from Payne.1 Kantharoi, kana, and thymiateria,forms that do not appear among Amyx's shape studies, are placed at the end of the chapter. ARYBALLOS The aryballos was a common Corinthian shape in the 7th and earlier 6th centuries. It waned
in popularity after the middle of the 6th century, although round-bottomed aryballoi were still produced through the early 5th century.2Most of the late aryballoiare not Conventionalizingbut are decorated instead with quatrefoil patterns.3A few Conventionalizing examples are known, however, and these appear to be as late as the latest quatrefoil examples. The presence of 4 in the Aphrodite Deposit suggests that flat-bottomed aryballoi may likewise continue to the early 5th century. ROUND-BOTTOMED ARYBALLOS 1. Round-bottomed aryballos KP-2237. Potters' Quarter,miscellaneousfinds (trenchS5). PH. 0.024; 7.5YR 8/4. Fragmentfrom bottom. Worn, and all preserveddecoration is blackglaze. Corinth XV, iii, p. 224, no. 1222, pl. 50. Rounded bottom and body. Dot and whorl on underside, then three lines. Linked lotus-palmette chain on body, with Type 1 palmettes painted as stepped triangles. Decoration suggests a date in the late 6th or early 5th century.
Rounded bottom and body, curving up to sloping shoulder; neck ring at breakat top of shoulder.Blackwhorl at underside, then red, black, red, black, red lines. On body, at least four staggered rows of black buds on short, straight,vertical stems. Red, black, black, red lines at junction with shoulder, then large black dots separated by pairs of small black dots. Black band below neck ring, red band on neck ring to break. Decoration suggests a date in the later 6th or early 5th century.
Round-bottomed aryballos
2.
KP- 1880a-b. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. (a) PH. 0.021. Part of upper body and shoulder.(b) PH. 0.035. Part of bottom and lower body. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Mended in two XV, iii, p. 178, no. 932, pl. 42. nonjoining fragments.Corinth FLAT-BOTTOMED ARYBALLOS 3.
Flat-bottomed aryballos
P1. 1
C-47-172. Deposit 10 (well 1947-1). H. 0.065; Max.D. 0.079. 10YR 8/3. Several fragments mended to preserve most of base, body, and shoulder. Flat base; rounded body with center of gravity just above median, curving up to straight, sloping shoulder. One black ring near center and two black rings around circumferenceof underside.Junction with body and bottom of body reserved, then purple line, black band, two staggeredrows of alternating I
2
CorVP,esp. pp. 435-436; Necrocorinthia. CorVP,pp. 440-443.
purple and black teardrop-shaped buds with black dots between the tops of the upper row. On shoulder,two blacklines, purple band, two black lines, black band, as far as preserved. Second half of the 6th century. 4.
Flat-bottomed aryballos KP-147. Potters' Quarter, Aphrodite Deposit. H. 0.040; Max.D. 0.061. 7.5YR 7/4. Rim chipped and restored. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 306-307, no. 1675, pl. 66.
3 For further discussion, see CorVP,p. 443; Necrocorinthia, pp. 146-148, 320, note 3; Ure 1934; Campbell 1946, pp. 2753.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
36
Wide, flat bottom; low, squat body contracting to low, wide, concave neck, which flares out to horizontal rim; strap handle risesfromjunction of body and shoulderto rim. Underside and bottom of body reserved, then red line, black dots, line, dots, red line, black dots, line, dots, red line, all adjoining. Black rays on shoulder.Neck reserved. Outer edge of rim black. On
top of rim, black, red, black lines, black dots, black lines, then black band to interior of mouth. Black double-ladderpattern on handle. See Morgantina V, p. 178, no. 16-25, pl. 43 for another late, The squat aryballos. shape is unusual. Probablylate 6th or early 5th century.
PYXIS The Conventionalizing pyxis was popular at Corinth. A wide variety ofpyxis shapes was produced,
and examples have been found in all areas of the excavations. CONCAVEPYXISAND CYLINDRICALPYXIS
The concave pyxis has a flat or slightly concave bottom and concave wall profile with a
continuous curve. The minimum diameter is at mid-body. The diameter of the rim is roughly equal to that of the base. Two small horizontal lug or reflex handles are attached to the rim. The lids are flanged with low, domed tops and have tall knobs. In the late 7th century and first half of the 6th century, the shape is low and broad.4 Short triangular rays often rise from the base. The main decorative zone is the center of the body. By the middle of the 6th century, as seen on 5, there are no rays at the base, and the minimum diameter is just below the rim, but good
added purple is still used. In the 5th century,the profile loses its concavity.The wall straightens, and the pyxis becomes cylindrical. 8 from deposit 23 may be a late survival of the shape. The wall is straight and slopes outward. A small reflex handle is set on the outward-projecting rim. 5.
Fig. 1, P1. 1 CP-2259. Deposit 4 (grave 1954-15). H. (pyxis) 0.043; D. (pyxis) 0.071; H. (lid) 0.033; D. (lid) 0.071. O1YR 8/4. Mended from severalfragments.Nearly complete. Eliot and Eliot 1968, p. 351, no. 5, pl. 102. Concave pyxis
Flat bottom; concave sides; horizontal spur handles at lip. Lid slopes up very slightly; tall, ridged knob. Pyxis: wide and narrowblack bands, wide purple band, narrowand wide black bands on body. Handles reserved.Two black bands on interior of wall, black ring on floor. Lid: narrow black band at rim, wide purple band, two narrow black bands, wide black band to knob. Knob: four blackbands on shaft,purple, black,purple rings on top. Mid 6th century. 6.
5
Miniature concave pyxis KV-866. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. H. 0.032; D. 0.047. 10YR 8/3. Missing most of rim and sides. Corinth XV, iii, p. 316, no. 1774, pl. 68.
Flat bottom; slightly concave wall; trace of reflex handle. Undersidereserved.Blackline at bottom exterioredge, then black vertical lines, adjoining black line, purple band, black double dotted band with black lines below between and above dots, purple band, black line, handle zone reserved. Interior of rim decorated with black band from top lip down (and some black paint dripped onto exterior), black band at mid interior wall, black circumferenceband on floor. 6th century.
4 See, for example, Corinth XIII, p. 170, no. 128-g (T-1492), pl. 18, p. 174, no. 141-7 (T-3176), pl. 19.
8 FIG. 1. Concave and cylindrical pyxides
7.
PI. 1 Cylindricalpyxis C-34-1169. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). P.H. 0.027. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves part of bottom and body. Glaze is fired black to brown.
Flat projecting bottom curves up to vertical body. Underside reserved.Exteriorof foot and bottom of body black. Red band, blackline, black two-bar hook maeander on body. On interior, redband at bottom of body.On floor, blackband, wide reserved band, red line, black band to break. Ca. 460-420.
PYXIS 8.
Cylindricalpyxis or kanoun Fig. 1, P1. 1 C-64-316. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.037. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragmentpreservespart of wall, lip, and handle. Pemberton 1970, p. 288, no. 56, pl. 70.
Verticalwall with thickened rim, and horizontal reflex handle set on top of lip. On body,black band, red line, two alternating rows of black teardrops, with those in lower row larger than
37
those in upper row,then red line, black band, black line below lip. Large black dots on top of lip and handle. Interior of lip reserved.Interior wall glazed. Diameter undeterminable. Quite possibly a tall kanoun rather than a pyxis. See pp. 131-133 for kana. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Context dated ca. 450-410.
FLANGEDPYXIS
The flanged pyxis, a rare form, appears to develop from the kanoun, for early examples resemble kana in shape and decoration. The pyxis has a flange, which is absent on the kanoun. The motifs decorating the earliest examples indicate a date in the first half of the 5th century. At its inception, the flanged pyxis has a flat bottom, a rounded outward-projecting base, and a low
cylindricalwall. Double-loop handles rise horizontally from the rounded exterior flange placed just below the low inturned rim, as seen on 11 and 12.5 A low conical lid with a flaring knob rests on the flange of this type of pyxis. The shape becomes narrower and taller with time, and the flange becomes sharp and triangular in section, as on 14 and 16. 18 may be the latest example found at Corinth but is probably contemporary with or only slightly later than the Vrysoula
material. It is unlikely that the flanged pyxis continued into the 4th century. The flange and handles are usually dotted. The body may be decorated only with bands and lines or may receive more complex decoration. The body of 15 carriesa hook maeander,while 18 preservespart of a horizontal palmette. 9.
Flanged pyxis KV-475. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine. H. 0.017; D. 0.031. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Rim chipped. CorinthXV, iii, p. 317, no. 1792, pl. 68. Slightly concave base projects beyond body; cylindrical wall; outward-projectingflange; inset vertical rim. Underside reserved. On body,blackband, alternatingred and blacktongues outlined in blackwith scalloped edges, red band to top exterior of flange, then black to interiorof lip. Black band atjunction of interiorwall and floor. First half of the 5th century. 10.
Flanged pyxis KP-2555. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds. H. 0.052; Est.D. 0.190. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preservesprofile from outer part of bottom to rim. One handle preserved. Corinth XV, iii, p. 220, no. 1188, pl. 49. Flat bottom projects beyond broad, low body with slightly concave sides; projecting flange at top of body; low, inwardslanting rim set on flange; small, upward-slantinghandle set on flange. Projectingedge of bottom black, then red and black bands, black zetas, black band, red band, bottom of flange black, black dots on flange and handle, exterior of rim black. Top interior of rim reserved, then black band from bottom half of rim onto interior wall, red band, red line, black band on lower interior wall. Decoration suggests date in the first half of the 5th century. 11.
P1. 1 Flanged pyxis T-2980. North Cemetery, grave 333. H. (with lid) 0.097; D. 0.130. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Mended but complete. Corinth XIII, p. 241, no. 333-4, pl. 50.
5 Three handles are typical, but 11 has four.
Flat bottom projects beyond low, cylindrical body; at top of body, rounded, outward-projectingflange with four doubleloop handles; inset vertical rim. Low domed cover; conical knobwith centraldepression.Pyxis:exterioroffoot and bottom of body black, then black line, red band, blackline, blackband to top of body. Black dots on flange and handles, red line between flange and rim, exterior to top interior of rim black. Black band just above center on interior wall, red band at bottom of interior wall. Wide black, red, black rings on floor. Lid: red band, two black lines, black band, two black lines, black zetas, two black lines, red band, two black lines, black two-barhook maeander,two blacklines, then blackfromcenter lid to top of knob shaft. Black dots on top edge of knob. Four black rings on top of knob, central conical depression black. The vertical arms of the hook maeander on the lid are still grounded on the enclosing lines. Fill 1933-2 from South Stoa Shop XXXII includes uninventoried fragmentsof a similar pyxis. Ca. 470-450. 12.
Flanged pyxis C-70-237. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,potterylot6511. H. 0.031; Max.D. (base) 0.074. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from many fragments.Missing fragmentsfrom base and wall, but XVIII, i, p. 166, no. 485, complete profilepreserved. Corinth Corinth note 29. XVIII, iii, p. 99, fig. 19; Flat bottom curves upward at outer edge; vertical walls set in slightly from edge of base; projecting flange at top of body contractingto upwardrim sloping inward;one horizontalloop handle set on flange and possible scars of other(s).Underside reserved.On body,black band, red band, blackline, two black bands. Blackline on interiorwalljust below lip. Wide red band
38
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
covers most of interior wall. Black line at bottom of wall. On floor,blackband, black line, red band, blackline, central circle reserved.Handles undecorated. Shape as 11. Pemberton dated this to the middle of the 5th century,and that seems accurate, but Bookidis and Stroud now date the construction of the building later in the 5th century. 13.
Flanged pyxis KP-2490. Potters'Quarter,RectangularSouth Pit. H. 0.062; Est.D. 0.015. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. Most of bottom, part of sides, small part of rim and handle preserved. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 198-199, no. 1055, pl. 46; Pemberton 1970, p. 305.
Flat bottom projectsbeyond vertical sides;projectingflange at top of wall; inward-slopingrim projects from flange; stump of verticaldouble loop handle. Top exteriorof base and lowerwall decorated with black band, two black lines, red band, black line, black band. Black dots on flange and handles. Exterior and top rim black. Black bands on interior wall and edge of floor, black line and band on floor. Shape as 11. Middle of the 5th century. 14.
Flanged pyxis T-1427. North Cemetery,grave 338. H. (with lid) 0.045; D. 0.052. 7.5YR 7/6. Intact. CorinthXIII, p. 244, no. 338-3, pi. 52.
Flat bottom projects beyond cylindrical body; at top of body, outward-projectingflange with three reflex handles; inset vertical rim. Low, domed cover;conical knob with central depression. Underside reserved.Exterior of base black. On body, red band, black line, black band, black dots on exterior of flange and handles, top of flange and handles red to bottom half of rim. Lip black. Nine black rings on floor. Lid: vertical edge black, then black line, red band, black line, zetas and line. Center of lid to edge of top of knob black. Red, black rings on top of knob around central reserveddepression. Palmer cited a pyxis from Kameiros (Jacopi 1931, p. 117, no. 4, figs. 110, 112) as a parallel, but it is surely earlier than 14, as the shape is lower and the flange and handles are plain. Second quarter or middle of the 5th century. 15.
Flanged pyxis KV-474. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds (trench S8). H. 0.012; D. 0.033. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing all of two handles and part of third, otherwise intact. CorinthXV, iii, p. 317, no. 1795, pl. 68. Slightly concave base projects beyond low cylindrical body; projecting flange at top body to which vertical reflex handles were attached; low, vertical rim inset from flange. Underside reserved.Exterior of base red, blackline atjunction with body, then black two-bar hook maeander, black line. Black dots on handles.Top of flange red.Junctionwith rim reserved.Exterior of rim, interior of rim, and body black, junction with floor reserved.Thin black ring and thick red ring on floor. Style of hook maeander suggests a date in the middle of the 5th century or later. 16.
Flanged pyxis Fig. 2, P1. 1 C-64-286. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.037. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragmentgives profile from outer edge of underside to rim. Pemberton 1970, pp. 298-299, no. 122, pl. 74.
16 FIG.2. Flanged pyxis Cylindricalbody rises to exterior flange and low inset vertical rim. Underside reserved, as far as preserved. On body, black, black, red, black bands, large black dots on flange, rim black. Interior reserved. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 17.
P1. 1 Flanged pyxis C-73-235. Lechaion Road East, pottery lot 73-69. H. (to rim)0.069; D. (base)0.217. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from many fragments,complete profile preserved.Missing lid and onethird of base and wall. Fine cream-colored slip over all.
Broad concave base with flared outer edge; vertical wall with slightinwardinclination;flange at top of wall on which inwardslantingrim is set; two upward-flaringdouble loop handles and scar of third on flange. Underside reserved.Flared edge of base red. Groupsof four to seven verticalwavy dilutelines separated by alternatingblack and red wide vertical bars with scalloped edges bordered by two black lines at bottom and three at top on wall. Large black dots on flange and handles, rim and lip black. Red bands just inside rim and at lower edge of wall. Floor glazed (glaze fired red) with central circle reserved. Similar to an example in Leipzig. See CVA,Leipzig 1 [Germany 14], pl. 35:5-6. 76 and 79, powder pyxides, are similarly painted. The main decorative scheme has a long history at Corinth, but it is not certain that it continues beyond the middle of the 5th century. Much of the material in this lot is datable to the late 5th or early 4th century,but 17 likely dates to the first half of the 5th century. 18.
P1. 1 Flanged pyxis L-37-37-1. Deposit 30 (pit 1937-1). M.P.D. 0.041. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves part of body, flange, and rim.
Cylindricalupper body; projecting flange; slighty outcurving lower rim. Top of horizontal Type 2 palmette, underside of flange decorated with black closed single maeander, left to right, black band at top sherd. Interior glazed. Context dated second to third quarter of the 4th century, but good glaze and fabric suggest a much earlierdate. The palmette is closer to those of 27 and 65 than any 4th-century examples. A date in the late 5th century is indicated.
PyxIS
39
CONVEX PYXIS WITHOUT HANDLES
Corinthian production of convex pyxides without handles is attested as early as the Protogeometric period.6 By the middle of the 6th century, these pyxides are most often decorated in the white style. The white style remains a popular means for decorating the shape throughout the rest of its production, well into the first half of the 5th century.7 Other examples, such as 19, are darker in appearance than those in the white style, and they carry bands of abstract or floral decoration below their shoulders at their maximum diameters. A band of alternating black and added red stemmed buds decorates a handleless pyxis in Karlsruhe.8 This convex pyxis form may feature a low, outturned rim. 19, from the Road Deposit in the Potters' Quarter, is a handleless convex pyxis with a flat-topped, outward-projecting rim. This pyxis is very close in decoration to 45 from deposit 1 (well 1947-4), and should therefore date in the third quarter of the 6th century.9 659, also from the Road Deposit, and 20 and 21, from the Potters' Quarter trenchJ deposit, are similar and should be roughly contemporary with 19. Two pyxides from a grave at Asine show variations of this shape in the first quarter or middle of the first half of the 5th century. 10 Convex pyxides without handles are in some respects similar to contemporary pyxides with vertical rims and vertical loop handles, but their bodies tend to be lower and rounder. Related is a type of handleless convex pyxis with a high conical foot and an ovoid body. The rim of a miniature pyxis from Stele Shrine A, 24, is folded back onto the shoulder. The proportions of the body are similar to those of a pyxis found near the Erosa Shrine.11 These two pyxides are probably slightly earlier than 669 from deposit 21, for the latter has a somewhat taller and more slender shape. Convex pyxis without handles KP-2009. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. P.H. 0.065. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Two joining fragmentspreserveprofile of body to rim. Break indicates broad foot. CorinthXV, iii, p. 181, no. 950, pl. 43.
19.
Squat, rounded body; rim offset from shoulder by low ridge; outward-projectingrim flat on top. On body, red line, black rays,redline, blackdouble-dottedband borderedby black, red, and black lines, red line above. Groups of three vertical squiggles separated by dot rosettes, red line, black double-dotted band separatedby black, red, blacklines. On shoulder,adjoining red line, short black downward-pointingrays, red line, two rowsof black dots, red line. Narrow blackband below rim. Red line on exterior of rim. On top of rim black, red lines, two rows of unseparatedblack dots, black line. Interior of rim black. A pyxis from a mid-6th-century grave at Akraiphia carries on its shoulderdecorationsimilarto that on the body of 19. The Akraiphiapyxis looks slightly earlier than 19, which probably dates to the third quarter of the 6th century.2 6 Callipolitis-Feytmans1973; CorVP,pp. 448-449. 7 Laurens (1974, p. 99) noted the long production of these vessels. Finds at Asine show that these pyxides continue even beyond the date suggested by Laurens. See AsineII, vi, i, p. 21, fig. 20. 8 CVA,Karlsruhe 1 [Germany 7], pl. 42:12. The profile suggests a date in the last quarter of the 6th century. 9 For a discussion of the "Road Deposit," see pp. 15-16 above. Benson has already noted this parallel in Corinth XV, iii, p. 181, no. 950. "' AsineII,vi,i,pp. 21-23, nos. 1971-9:2, 1971-9:11, fig. 20.
P1.2 Convex pyxis without handles KV-478. Potters' Quarter,trenchJ deposit. H. 0.034; Max. D. 0.052; D. (rim) 0.038. 10YR 8/3. Half of foot missing. Restored in plaster. Broad ring foot; squat, rounded body; low, flat-toppedvertical rim. Two glazed rings at center of undersideand interiorof foot glazed (glaze on underside fired red). Exterior of foot applied red. Two glazed lines (fired red) at bottom of body. On body, wide reservedband, black, red, black, blacklines, narrowblack band, black line, then black to top exterior of rim. Black, red, black lines on top of rim. All red paint is added red. Middle to third quarter of the 6th century. 20.
P1.2 Max. KV-479. Potters'Quarter,trenchJ deposit. H. 0.023; D. 0.038; D. (rim)0.031. 10YR 8/3. Intact.
21.
Convex pyxis without handles
Broad ring foot; squat, rounded body; sloping shoulder;short, thick, flat-toppedvertical rim. Exterior of foot black. On body, black line, band, line, then applied red band at maximum 11 See Corinth XV, iii, pp. 219-220, no. 1182 (KP-158), a pls. 49, 122, pyxis for which Stillwell and Benson suggest a date in the second half of the 5th century. According to Johnston (1986, p. 251), the letter forms suggest a date "before 450, perhaps well before." The shape is between Tubingen 5584 (CVA,Tubingen 1 [Germany 36], pl. 35:7-9, fig. 28), dated 540-530 by the style of the protomes, and 669. Hence a date in the late 6th or firsthalf of the 5th century is suggested for this vase and for 24. 12 Andreiomenou 1980, pp. 147-148, no. 7r, pl. 10.
40
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
diameter.Black double-dotted band on shoulder bordered by black,black,red lines. Traces of two (black?)lines on top of rim. Middle to third quarter of the 6th century. P1.2 Convex pyxis without handles KV-480. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 0.017; D. 0.027. 5YR 8/4 to 7.5YR 7/6. Intact. Corinth XV, iii, p. 318, no. 1802.
22.
Wide ring foot; low, ovoid body; sloping shoulder; thick, flattopped rim. Traces of red on underside.Exteriorof foot added red to junction with body. Added red, black lines on shoulder, two added red lines on top rim. 6th century.
Convex pyxis without handles P1.2 KV-824. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. PH. 0.024; Max.D. 0.049; D. (rim) 0.035. 10YR 8/3. Mended to preserve most of upper wall and rim. CorinthXV, iii, p. 318, no. 1799.
23.
Rounded body; sloping shoulder; short, thick, flat-topped vertical rim. On body, two black lines (possible traces of added red on upper),reservedband at maximumdiameter,atjunction with shoulder black double dotted band bordered by red, red, black lines, then short closely spaced black rays on shoulder. Top shoulder to underside of rim black with added red line on neck. Two black lines on top of rim. Interior of rim black. 6th century.
MINIATURECONVEXPYXISWITHOUTHANDLES 24.
Miniature convex pyxis with lebes rim
KV-562. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.042; D. 0.055. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XV, iii, p. 319, no. 1808, pl. 69. High conical foot; convex body; folded lebes-type rim. Underside reserved. Exterior of foot added red.Junction with lower body and lower body reserved, then wide black band, black teardrops. Three black lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder, black closed single maeander running left to right. Exterioredge of rim black.Two blacklines on top rim. Interior of rim black. XV, iii, p. 319. Incorrectlydescribed in Corinth Probablylate 6th or first half of the 5th century.
25.
Miniature convex pyxis with lebes rim
KV- 1311. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine.H. 0.031; D. 0.047. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing part of rim and wall. Corinth XV, iii, p. 319, no. 1809, pl. 69. Wide, flaring ring foot; convex body; sloping shoulder; outward-thickenedrim. Underside reserved. Exterior of foot and junction with body black, reserved band above. Black, red, black, black lines at junction with shoulder, red band on shoulder.Top and interior of rim black. 5th century.
CONVEX PYXIS WITH VERTICAL HANDLES AND LEBES RIM
26'and 27, the earliest examples at Corinth, stand at the beginning of a long series of convex pyxideswith low ring feet, low,vertical straphandles, and lebes-type rims.13The body of 26 is low and squat and is reminiscent of 24. Its decoration (daubs on the body, palmettes on the shoulder,
and sloppy opposing triangles on the handles) will become typical of this form. The style of the palmettes places this example in the middle or third quarterof the 5th century.14 Rim fragments from similar pyxides were found at Vrysoula (28 and 29). 31, from the late 5th or early 4th century,has a taller,more ovoid body.15Even the taller lebes-rimmed pyxides tend to be shorter than the vertical-rimmed forms, and an even shorter, squatter version of the lebes-rimmed pyxis
with verticalhandles continues. The lower body of both tall and short versions becomes straighter during the first half of the 4th century, as seen on 34, and may be very angular.16The latest example found in the Corinth excavations, 40, has an almost conical profile. The 4th-century examples nearly always carry the same general decorative scheme as 26, of the previous century. 13 An example decorated with dotted spirals and found at
Spina (Massei 1978, p. 57, no. 16, pl. XIV:1)has a less rounded profile than 26. It was found in a tomb dated to the late 5th or early 4th century, but the Spina pyxis is unlikely to be so late. It is widest at mid-height, ratherthan exhibiting the ovoid profile of later examples. Another (Massei 1978, p. 205, no. 3, pl. XLVI:1), found in an early-4th-centurytomb in the same area, has a rounded shoulder and a higher, straighter lower body. 14 See p. 30 above. Benson has already noted the similarity
of the palmettes on this vase to some on pottery from Vrysoula. See Corinth XV, iii, pp. 192-193, no. 1019. 15 This example is similarto Dengate 1976, 307, no. 118, p. fig. 5, pl. 75, found outside a late-5th/early-4th-century grave at Halieis. The sharply-turned shoulder foreshadows 4thcentury developments. 16 Examplesinclude CVA,Schloss Fasanerie2 [Germany8], pl. 60:2; and an example in the Whitaker Museum on Motya (see Munn 1983, pp. 156, 220, note 48).
PYXIS
41
28
31 29
37 r434 612
FIG. 3. Convex pyxides with lebes rim 26.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
KP-151. Potters'Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. (to rim) 0.043; D. 0.086. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 192-193, no. 1019, pl. 45; IFAR11.6, p. 24, no. 860. Wide ring foot with flat resting surface;very low convex body; sloping shoulder;low, flat, thickened rim, broad vertical strap handles. Underside decorated with two grooves at center, and one near foot. Bottom half of exteriorfoot black, top half of foot red. Lower body reserved. At maximum diameter, elongated black dots hang pendant from red line. Then black, red lines. Diagonal enclosed palmettes on shoulder (three on one side and four on the other) with central palmettes in opposed pair. Palmettes have volutes at their bases and at tips of enclosing lines. Black line at base of rim. Red and black lines near outer edge of top of rim. Interior of rim black. Black triangles on handles. Dated to the middle of the 5th century in CorinthXV, iii, p. 193, but the palmette style permits a date further into the third quarter of the 5th century. Convex pyxis with lebes rim P1.2 L-72-98-7. Sacred Spring Central, potterylot 72-98. M.P.D. 0.034. 7.5YR 8/4. Shoulder fragment, broken all around. Fine buff slip over all.
27.
Sloping shoulder. Black line or band at break, then red line, black alternatingdiagonal palmettes, dilute line, black broken single maeander, dilute line at break. Mid-5th-century.
28.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
29.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
Fig. 3, P1.2, Table 1 C-64-290. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1).M.P.D.0.035; Est.D. (interiorrim) 0.080. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves part of shoulder and rim. Pemberton 1970, p. 288, no. 52, pl. 70. Sloping shoulder; outward-thickenedrim. Chain of enclosed palmettes, left to right, with thin radiating leaves between them. Exterior and circumference of top of rim black, black broken single maeander, right to left, on top rim, interior circumferenceto interior of rim black. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. Fig. 3, P1.2 C-64-330.Deposit23(channel 1964-1).M.P.D.0.0215;Est.D. (rim) 0.060. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preservesprofile of shoulderand rim. Pemberton 1970, p. 288, no. 53, pl. 70.
Sloping shoulder;outward-thickenedrim. Alternatingred and black tongues separated by dilute lines, black line. Outer edge of rim black. On flat top of rim, black outward-pointing stepped triangles alternate with lambdas. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 30.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
KP-1414. Potters'Quarter,ShrineoftheDoubleStele.M.P.H. 0.025. 7.5YR 7/4 to 7/6. Single fragment preserves part of shoulder and rim. Corinth XV, iii, p. 215, no. 1155, pl. 48.
42
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
Sloping shoulder;outward-thickenedrim. Blackivy leaves and berry clusterson wavy vine. Black line on exterior edge of rim. Red, black, black lines on top of rim with second black line continuing to interior of rim. Fill 1933-2 from South Stoa Shop XXXII includes an uninventoried fragment of a similar pyxis. Second half of the 5th century,probablylast quarter,as the vine is diffuse. Convex pyxis with lebes rim Fig. 3 L-73-69-1. Lechaion Road East, pottery lot 73-69. PH. 0.072; Est.D. (rim) 0.068. 10YR 8/3 to 8/2. Several fragments preserve rim, shoulder, and much of body. Handles missing. Glaze fired black to orange. Deep, slightly convex body slopes up, then curves to become nearly vertical before curving to nearly horizontal shoulder; nearly flat, inward-sloping, outward-thickened rim. Glazed band at mid-body, then red, glazed, and red lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder, glazed closed double maeander. Red line at top shoulder at junction with rim. Narrow glazed, and red bands painted on rim. Similar to Dengate 1976, pp. 285, 307, no. 118, fig. 5. Late 5th or early 4th century. 31.
32.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
P1.2
L-72-2-1. ForumSouthwest, pottery lot 72-2. M.P.D. 0.094. 10YR 8/4 to 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment, broken all around. Low, sloping shoulder; stump of vertical reflex handle. Red, black, red lines, then enclosed and/or diagonal palmettes. Glazed dots on handle, as far as preserved. See 40. Possiblyfrom the same vessel as 33. Late 5th or early 4th century,perhaps into the second quarter of 4th century. 33.
Convex pyxis, probably with lebes rim
P1.2
L-72-2-2. ForumSouthwest, pottery lot 72-2. M.P.D. 0.072. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment, broken all around, preserves part of body and shoulder. Convex upper body; sloping lower shoulder. On body, black buds, then red, black, red lines. Traces of black palmettes on shoulder. Possiblysame vessel as 32. Three additionalbody fragments in lot, not from same vessel, bear similar decoration. Late 5th or early 4th century,perhaps into the second quarter of the 4th century. 34.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
Fig. 3, P1.2, Table 1 L-37-2-19a-d. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). PH. 0.060; Est.D. (interior rim) 0.055. 7.5YR 7/4 to 7/6. Four nonjoining fragments mended from seven sherds give profile from top half of body to shoulder and rim. Stump of vertical reflex handle preserved. Fine buff slip. Glaze is fired black to brown. Brownishred paint. Ovoid body; sloping shoulder; outward-thickened rim. On body,blackband, blackteardrop-shapedblob buds.Red, black, red lines atjunction with shoulder.On shoulder,blackdiagonal and horizontal palmettes with radiatingleaves between them. Handles apparently decorated with black dots. Two closely spaced black bands on rim. 17 Massei 1978, p. 205, no. 3, pl. XLVI:1.
Shape close to that of a pyxis from an early 4th-century grave at Spina.'7 40 is also similar in shape and it is decorated in the same way. The buds on 34 are more carefully formed than those on 40, however, and the glaze and fabric are of higher quality. First half of the 4th century,perhaps first quarter. 35.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
P1.2
L-37-2-16. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). M.P.D. 0.097. 7.5YR 8/4. Single shoulder fragment from large vessel. Broken at junction with rim. Sloping shoulder; outward-thickened rim. Three red lines, black line, red line at bottom of shoulder.Unusual floral decoration on shoulder consists of black central vine in the shape of sine wave with black and purple flowers in curves, left to right, and dilute tendrils from central vine, which terminate in black dots. Black wave pattern above. Probablyfirstquarteror early second quarterof 4th century. 36.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
KP-2250. Deposit 26 (well 1930-8). M.P.D. 0.066. 7.5YR 8/4 to 1OYR8/3; 5YR 7/6 (core).Single fragmentpreserves part of shoulder and rim. Broken at handle attachment. Corinth XV, iii, p. 219, no. 1177, pl. 49. Sloping shoulder; outward-thickenedrim. On shoulder,black band, red line, black enclosed horizontal palmette with black dot above to right. Exterior edge of rim and outer edge of top of rim black. Inner circumference of top of rim and interior of rim black. Probablyfirst half of the 4th century. 37.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
Fig. 3, P1.3 L-37-37-2. Deposit 30 (pit 1937-1, from lowest stratum of pit). Est.D. (rim) 0.070; M.P.D. 0.086. 10YR 8/3 to 2.5Y 8/2. Single fragment preservespart of shoulder and rim. Nearly horizontalshoulder;outward-thickenedrim. On shoulder, black palmette decoration. Central palmette vertical with short radiating leaves, then on either side, enclosed vertical palmettes point toward central palmette. Outer half of rim black. Inner half of rim reserved,with red line. Second to third quarter of the 4th century. 38.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim P1.3 L-37-37-4. Deposit 30 (pit 1937-1).M.P.D.0.041. 10YR8/2 to 5YR 7/6 (core). Single fragment from shoulder, broken all around. Glaze is fired brown, red paint.
Nearly horizontal shoulder. Red line at junction of body and shoulder. On shoulder, single glazed palmette preserved with many short pinnae and central space empty. Third quarter of the 4th century. 39.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim P1.3 L-37-37-3. Deposit 30 (pit 1937-1). M.P.D. 0.047; Est.D. (interior rim) 0.040. 5YR 7/6. Single fragment preserves part of rim and shoulder. All decoration is reddish orange glaze. Very worn.
Nearly horizontal shoulder; outward-thickened rim. Lotuspalmette frieze on shoulder.Palmetteshave many short pinnae arrangedaround empty central space. Single centrallotus leaf has no stem but does have leaves to either side. Line at exterior
PYXIS43 edge of top of rim. Line at inner edge of top of rim continues to interior of lip. Third quarter of the 4th century. 40.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
P1.3
C-71-191. Deposit 32 (drain 1971-1). H. (to rim) 0.094; D. (foot) 0.087; Max.D. 0.154; D. (exterior rim) 0.070. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact, except for one handle. Williams and Fisher 1972, p. 161, no. 46, pl. 27. Slightlyconcave disc base; ovoid body with lower body risingin straight,flaring profile to abruptly curving shoulder;shoulder slopes up to raised, flat rim; vertical reflex strap handles rise from shoulder.Underside reserved. Exterior of foot red, then black wash band on bottom of body. Wide reserved band on lower body, then red, black bands, black buds. Red, black, red lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder, black feathery palmettes base to base with countercurving spirals and thin radiatingleaves at far ends near handles. Dilute line on exterior of rim, then red line on top of rim, black line at interior circumference.Alternating black triangles on handles. Probablythird quarter of the 4th century. 41.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
Missing lower body and one handle, and fragments from remainder. Low, rounded body; nearly horizontal shoulder; outwardthickenedrim;verticalstraphandles. On body,red, blacklines, large blackteardrops,red line, narrowblackband, red line. On shoulder,a pair of blackpalmettes, base to base, with inturned volutesat bases and thin radiatingleaves. On rim, narrowblack band, red line. Black alternating triangles on handles. 4th century,not as late as 42. 42.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
KP-2549. Potters' Quarter,from an unspecifiedlocation in the TerracottaFactory.PH. (without handle) 0.020; Est.D. 0.090. 7.5YR 8/4. Fragmentpreservesone handle and part of shoulder and rim. Corinth XV, iii, p. 220, no. 1183, pl. 49. Narrow, nearly horizontal shoulder; flat rim; vertical reflex handle. Three red lines below handle. Blackverticalpalmettes on shoulder,rim black over all. Blackinward-pointingtriangles on handle. 4th century,probably second half.
P1.3
C-60-253. Deposit 34 (cistern 1960-1). PH. 0.082; D. 0.152. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. CONVEX
PYXIS WITH HANDLES
AND VERTICAL
RIM
The convex pyxis with vertical loop handles first appears at Corinth in the Middle Corinthian
period and is probably an adaptation of its handleless counterpart, which became popular in the late 7th century.18From the time of its inception through the first half of the 6th century, this pyxis has a spherical body, as on 43 and 44. Around the middle decades of the 6th century,
large, awkwardblack-figuredfloral chains like that of 500, often upside-down, may fill the central body.19In the third quarterof the 6th century,the lower body begins to narrow,and the shoulder becomes more horizontal, as on 45. In the last quarter of the 6th century and the early 5th century, the foot contracts, and the shape of the vessel becomes ovoid, as on 48. The rim may be offset by a raised ring at its base, as on 51. During the 5th century,the lower body becomes less rounded and has a flaring profile.20The shoulder curves more sharply from the body. 60 shows that the ring at the base of the rim disappears around or shortly after the middle of the century. By
the middle of the century, the upper half of the body may have a nearly vertical profile, as on 53. The foot continues to contract. Complete vessels found in graves at other sites indicate that the transition from a slightly convex lower body to a slightly concave lower body occurs in the
second half of the 5th century. A pyxis found at Argos has a slightly convex lower body and is decorated with a myrtle and berry vine, a motif used by the painters of the VrysoulaWorkshop.21 A member of the VrysoulaWorkshopfound at Kamarina has a lower body, which is very slightly concave.22The majority of examples datable to the second half of the 5th century have straight, flaring lower bodies.23 18
CorVP,pp. 448-450; Bentz 1982, p. 77; Callipolitis-Feytmans 1973. 19 Andreiomenou 1980, p. 72, no. 22.4, pl. 13:8, from a grave at Akraiphiadated ca. 540; DeJuliis 1983, p. 30, no. 42, is one of several on display in the Taranto museum. 20 Forcomplete examples, see the pyxidesfromgrave 1971-9 at Asine (AsineII, vi, i, pp. 28-29, figs. 19, 20), first quarter of the 5th century; and from a grave at Halieis (Dengate 1976, p. 308, no. 122, fig. 5, pl. 76), second half of the 5th century.
21 Alexandri 1963, pl. 76. 22 Munn 1983, p. 157, pl. 5:b. 23 For examples, see Dengate 1976, p. 308, no. 122, fig. 5, pl. 6; Bruneau 1970, pp. 441-442, no. 2.1, fig. 5; PapaspyridiKarouzou 1933-1935, pp. 18, fig. 3, left; 46, fig. 28; Munn 1983, pp. 156-157, pl. 5:a.
44
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
The shape continues well into the 4th century. An example from Spina, found in a grave dated to the first quarter of the 4th century,has a lower body, which is more concave than any found in 5th-century contexts.24The concavity of the lower body and the contraction of the foot are even more pronounced on an example in Bari, from a context dated to the second quarter of the 4th century.25 The decoration also undergoes changes over time. In the first half of the 6th century, the entire vase receives bands and patterned decoration in even distribution.26From the mid 6th century on, the lower half of the body is decorated only with bands and lines, which become fewer
with time. Sometimes, as on 51, the only other area of the vase to be decorated is the shoulder. Until the middle of the 5th century, the shoulder is almost always decorated with tongues or rays, but from the middle of the century on, floral motifs, especially palmettes and ivy vines,
are more common in this zone. Most often the main decorative zone is the upper body, and it usually carriesfloral motifs, such as buds or lotus-palmettefriezes. Convex pyxides were most often covered with overfittinglids. These lids have straightcylindrical or inward-slopingsides. The low conical tops rise to knobswhich are usuallyflaringand flat topped. These are usually banded, and may have a row of dots at the mid-point. 43.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
P1.3
C-53-202. Deposit 3 (well 1953-1). Max.D. 0.078. 2.5Y 8/2. Partof shoulder,rim, and one handle preserved.Blackglaze is worn, leaving stain. Brann 1956, p. 363, no. 48c, pl. 53. Sloping shoulder;vertical rim; lug handle. Below handle zone, short vertical bars bordered by bands below and above. Top of shoulder and exterior of rim glazed. First or early second quarter of the 6th century. 44.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
PI. 3
C-39-259. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). PH. 0.061. 10YR 8/3 to 2.5Y 8/2. Mended and restoredin plaster.Neck, handles, and most of base missing.Bentz 1982, p. 410, no. D6-108. Flaring ring foot; globular body; stumps of horizontal loop handle; vertical rim. Underside reserved. Exterior of foot black. Lower body reserved,then black, red, and black bands, red line below maximum diameter.Wide reservedband, black, red, black lines, black dots and red line below handles. Black dotted zigzag in handle zone. Top of shoulder to interior of rim black. A similar pyxis has been found in Tomb 1210 in the Contrada Pezzino cemetery at Akragas. See De Miro et al. 1988, p. 284. Later second quarter or middle of 6th century. 45.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
PI. 3
C-47-735. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.128; Max.D. 0.140. 2.5Y 8/2. Mended and restoredin plaster.Many fragments missing,but full profilepreserved.Bentz 1982, pp. 333-334, no. D3-92, pl. 30. Flaring ring foot; globular, slightly ovoid body; horizontal rolled handles; vertical rim. Three circles on underside. Interior of foot black. Resting surface reserved. Exterior of foot black.On body, two blacklines, wide reservedband, two purple
24
Massei 1978, p. 226, no. 7, pl. LII:2. Martiai 1964, p. 146, no. 35, figs. 50, 59; Munn 1983, p. 157, pl. 7. 25
lines, wide black band, purple band. At maximum diameter, groups of three black vertical squiggles separated by dot rosettes.Black, purple, blacklines.Blackverticallines on shoulder, then two purple lines. Rim and handles black. Third quarterof the 6th century. 46.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim KP-2020. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. P.H.0.037; Est.D. XV, iii is estimated (rim)0.053. The diametergiven in Corinth from preserved shoulder. 10YR 8/3. Single fragment preserves part of shoulder and rim. Scar of vertical handle. All preserved decoration is black. CorinthXV, iii, p. 300, no. 1636, pl. 65. Sloping shoulder;vertical rim. Line, band, line, two bands below handle, groups of three vertical zigzags separated by dot rosettes. Exterior of rim black. Top of rim reserved. Interior of rim black. Probablystill third quarter of the 6th century. 47.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
P1.4
C-39-314a-b. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). (a) M.P.D. 0.110; (b) M.P.D. 0.084. 2.5Y 8/2 to 10YR 8/3. Nine sherds mended to form two nonjoining fragments. Profile from shoulder to rim preserved, one horizontal loop handle and part of second. Bentz 1982, pp. 410-411, no. D6-109. Low, sloping shoulder; vertical rim offset by low, raised ring; horizontal loop handles. On shoulder, red line, three black lines, alternating red, and black tongues separated by dilute lines, black line. Raised ring red. Exterior of lip black. Second half of the 6th century. 48.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
P1.4
C-31-174. Deposit 9 (pit 1931-1). H. 0.129; Max.D. 0.135; D. (foot)0.068; D. (rim)0.068. 7.5YR 7/4 to 8/4. Seventeen
26
XIII, p. 184, no. 157-p (T-1508), See, for example, Corinth dated ca. 580-570 Palmer. 23, pl. by
PYXIS joining fragmentspreservecomplete foot, most of body,most of rim and stumps of handles. Restored in plaster. Glaze is partly worn off. Slightly flaring ring foot with convex underside; ovoid body; inward-taperingrim offset from shoulder;two horizontalloop handles set vertically on shoulder. Underside reserved. Black band on exteriorfoot extends slightlyonto body.Thinner black band one-thirdof the way up body.At greatestdiameter,black, red, black bands, narrow black band, black, red, and black bands, narrowblackband below handles.Blackdots/teardrops in handle zone. Narrow black band below rim. Exteriorof rim to top interior of rim glazed. End of the 6th or early 5th century. 49.
P1.4, Table 1 Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
CP-635. Deposit 12 (grave 1916-26). H. (to top of lid) 0.128; Max.D. (pyxis) 0.125; D. (rim) 0.057; Max.D. (lid) 0.067. 7.5YR 7/4 to 8/4. Mended from many fragments and restored in plaster. One handle missing. Bentz 1982, pp. 203-204, no. A16-3, pl. 30. Low, flaring ring foot; convex body; upright loop handles on low, sloping shoulder;nearly vertical rim. Lid has inwardsloping sides, offset from low, domed top; flaringknob. Pyxis:black band at mid-body.Red line at maximum diameter,then alternating red and black linked buds. At junction with shoulder (below handles), two black lines, red line, and black line. On shoulder,alternatingred and black tongues separatedby black lines, then red line above. Top of shoulder reserved. Exterior and interior of rim black. Lid: single red band on sides. Black band from top of side to circumferenceof top. Then blackline, red band, black line. Side of knob black. On top of knob, two black rings and dot. First quarterof the 5th century. Table 1 Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim KP-129. Potters'Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. (to rim)0.125; D. 0.136. 7.5YR 7/4 to 10YR 7/3. Missing one handle and fragmentsfrom rim. Mended and restoredin plaster.Corinth XV iii, p. 192 (misdescribed),no. 1018, pl. 45.
50.
Flaring ring foot with broad resting surface; ovoid body; vertical rim; high, verticalloop handles. Underside reserved.Bottom exterior edge of foot reserved then red band, junction with body reserved, then wide black, red, black bands, threerow checkerboardpattern bordered by black lines, with bottom and top rows of black squares, center now red. Red line below handles adjoins bottom of black outlining of alternating red, black tongues on shoulder. Handles black.Junction with rim reserved. Exterior and interior of rim black with narrow reservedline at top outer edge. Fill 1933-2 from South Stoa Shop XXXII includes an uninventoried fragment of a similarpyxis. First quarterof the 5th century. Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim P1.4 C-37-1073. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). PH. 0.160; Est.Max.D. 0.195. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Manyjoining fragmentspreserve most of body profile to rim and both handles. About onethird of circumference of body and very small part of rim. Campbell 1938, p. 593, no. 128, fig. 16.
51.
45
Ovoid body curves into low, sloping shoulder;vertical rim offset by low, raised ring;round lip. Two blackbands below maximum diameter. Black band, double dotted band below handles. In handle zone, alternatingred, black tongues outlined in black. Handle tips, exterior of rim, and lip black. This example is nearly identical to two pyxides, from grave 1971-9 at Asine, dated to the first quarter of the 5th century, perhaps around 475. See AsineII, vi, i, pp. 15-20, nos. 1971-9:3, 1971-9:6, figs. 17, 18. An example from Akraiphia (Andreiomenou 1994, p. 205) is similar as well. 52.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
Table 1
KP- 1149. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. P.H.0. 118. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/4. One nonjoining and threejoining XV, iii, fragmentspreservepart of body and shoulder.Corinth p. 181, no. 955, pl. 43. Convex body roundingup to sloping shoulder.On body,black, red, blackbands, blackline, black brokensingle maeander(left to right),two black lines. Black double alternatingreversedlotus-palmette chain with added red on alternating petals of Type 2 palmettes and outer leaves of lotuses. Two black lines, black single closed maeander, black line, black double dotted band bordered by red, black, red lines. Narrow black line. Black shoulderpattern with dots and thin curved lines. Benson suggested a date in the third quarterof the 5th century,but this is much too late. The palmette is an early Type 2, with fronds attached to a bridge calyx. The use of broken and closed single maeanders together on the same vase indicates a date in the first quarter or middle of the first half of the 5th century. 53.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim Fig. 4, P1.4 L-73-69-4. Lechaion Road East, pottery lot 73-69. PH. 0.078; Est.D. (shoulder)0.120. 7.5YR 8/4. Severaljoining fragmentspreserveprofile of most of body to rim. Handles not preserved. Rounded body; sloping shoulder;vertical rim. On body,black, red, black bands, unlinked lotuses and palmettes consisting of spiky black palmettes and wide black lotuses with red central flowers.Blackline, narrowred band, blackline atjunction with shoulder. On shoulder, alternating red, black tongues separated by dilute lines. Narrow red band, exterior of rim black. On the basis of shape, a similarly decorated pyxis in the ArchaeologicalMuseum on Lipari (LipdraII, p. 201, pl. 43:6b) appears to be slightly earlier than 53. The context is dated to the late 5th century,but the lower body of this pyxis still has a convex curve and the style of the lotus-palmette frieze suggests a date in the second quarter or middle of the 5th century. 54.
Fig. 4, P1.5, Table 1 Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
L-6362-4. Forum Central I, pottery lot 6362. PH. 0.034; 7.5YR 8/4. Two nonjoining fragments preserve part of upper body, shoulder,rim, and stump of one handle. Rounded shoulder offset from rim by low ridge; vertical rim; verticalloop handle. Decoration begins atjunction with shoulder.Red double-dottedband borderedby red, black, red lines, alternatingred and blacktongues separatedby thin dilutelines, black line, neck ring red, rim black.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
46
>
r
<
r\ 59
I'
r
61
r 68
644 FIG. 4. Convex pyxides with handles and vertical rim Similar to but certainly later than 51 and those found in a first quarter of the 5th-century grave at Asine.2754 is to be dated closer to the middle of the 5th century. 55.
Fig. 4, P1.4, Table 1 Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
L-6362-2. ForumCentral I, pottery lot 6362. M.P.D. 0.125. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Body and shoulderfragments.Dull black glaze and brownish red paint. Convex body; handle scar indicates upright loop handles. On body, black, red, black bands. Lotus-palmette chain with "Christmastree" palmettes. Lotus buds painted, painted dots on palmettes, remainderof chain glazed. Then blackline, black alternatingstepped triangles.Black, red, black, red, blacklines atjunction with shoulder.Black ivy on shoulderwith elongated leaves and clusters of six to eight berries. Palmette frieze is generally similar to 608, 652, and 653, but the palmettes do not have volutes. Also see Williams and Fisher 1971, pp. 31-32, and C-70-165 from same lot. Mid 5th century. P1.4 Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim L-73-69-5. Lechaion Road East, pottery lot 73-69. PH. 0.054 (combined). 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Two fragments preservepart of body and shoulder.
56.
Convex body; slopingshoulder.On body, black, redlines, black double alternatingreversedlotus-palmettefrieze on sine-wave base with red lotus buds, then black line, narrow red band, AsineII, vi, i, pp. 15-20, esp. nos. 1971-9:3, 1971-9:6, figs. 17, 18. The dilute glaze lines outlining the tongues of the Asine examples terminate in arcs, as do those of 51. 27
black line at junction with shoulder. On shoulder,alternating red and black tongues separated by dilute lines. Lotus-palmettefrieze similar to that of 55. Mid 5th century. 57.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
KP-2415. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. M.PD. 0.051. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Shoulder fragment, broken at handle attachment.Bottom of rim preserved. Corinth XV, iii, p. 181, no. 952, pl. 43. Sloping shoulder with stump of vertical loop handle; molded ring at base of vertical rim. Black, red, black lines. Black ivy vine with long heart-shaped leaves all pointing upward and separatedby berry clusters. Mid 5th century. 58.
PI. 5 Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim C-72-76. Sacred Spring Central, pottery lot 72-98. P.H. 0.097; Est.Max.D. 0.140. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Fifteen sherds mended to form two nonjoining fragmentspreserving part of body, shoulder, rim, and one handle. Several nonjoining fragmentsfound in addition. Ovoid body; horizontal shoulder; offset, concave rim; vertical loop handle round in section. Wide reserved band, wide red, blackbands at mid-body.Blackblob buds. Red, black, red lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder, myrtle and berries. Exterior of rim black, as far as preserved. Handle tip black. Mid 5th century,perhaps into third quarter.
PYXIS 59.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim Fig. 4, P1.5 C-72-77. Sacred Spring Central, pottery lot 72-98. M.P.H. 0.045; Est.D. (rim) 0.065; Est.D. (shoulder) 0.145. 10YR 8/3. Seven sherds mended to form two nonjoining fragments preserving part of upper body, shoulder, rim, and base of one handle.
Ovoid body curvesinto horizontal shoulder;concave rim offset by ridge at base; vertical loop handle is round in section. On body, black blob buds. Red, black, red lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder, vertical palmettes with eleven to thirteen fronds each. Palmettes have tendrils below and buds between. Exterior and interior of rim black. Mid 5th century,perhaps into third quarter. 60.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
P1.5
L-78-98-28. Forum Southwest, pottery lot 1978-98. PH. (without handle) 0.019. 7.5YR 8/4. Two nonjoining fragments preserveprofilefrom shoulderto rim and one upright loop handle. Horizontal shoulder;nearlyvertical rim slopes slightlyinward. Verticalloop handle is round in section. Black, red, blacklines at junction of body and shoulder. Black elongated buds on shoulder, then red line. Exterior of rim to top interior of rim black. Handle tip black. Ca. 460. 61.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim Fig. 4, PI. 5 L-72-98-5. Sacred Spring Central, pottery lot 72-98. PH. 0.022. 10YR 8/3 to 8/4. Single fragment preservespart of shoulder and rim and stump of handle.
Horizontal shoulder; vertical rim; vertical loop handle. Reddish brown painted line or band at break. On shoulder,glazed enclosedhorizontalto diagonalpalmettes, exteriorand interior of rim glazed. Mid 5th century,perhaps into third quarter. 62.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
P1.5
L-72-98-6. Sacred Spring Central, pottery lot 72-98. PH. 0.034; Est.Max.D.0.080. 2.5Y 8/2. Fragmentpreservespart of body, shoulder, rim, and stump of vertical loop handle. Brown to red paint. Black glaze nearly worn off, leaving stain. Convex body; nearly horizontal shoulder; vertical rim slopes slightly inward. Lines at bottom of sherd and upper body near shoulder,painted line atjunction with shoulder,closely spaced black tongues on shoulder, top shoulder to interior of rim brown. Mid 5th century,perhaps into third quarter. 63.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim P1.6 C-68-121. Sacred Spring South, pottery lots 5152, 5153. PH. 0.050; M.P.D. 0.150; D. (rim)joined to preserve part of shoulder and neck, with part of one handle and other handle complete. Williams 1969, p. 56, no. 5. Convex body; shoulder almost horizontal; vertical rim offset from shoulderby raised ridge; rim has flat outer profile,convex inner profile; horizontal stirrup-shapedhandles ovoid in section. Red, black, red lines below handles. Diagonal palmettes on shoulder alternating right to left and left to right, with long spiral scrolls between them. Handle tips, ridge, exterior and interior of rim black.
47
Fragmentsof a similar pyxis were found at Naukratis. See CVA,Oxford 2 [Great Britain 9], pl. 6:23-25. Third quarter of the 5th century. 64.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
P1.6
C-34-1180a-c. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). (a) P.H. 0.051; M.P.D. 0.087. (b) P.H. 0.033; (c) PH. 0.019. a consists of threejoining body fragments,while b and c are each single, nonjoining fragments.All decoration is black glaze. The fragments are from a large vessel with thick walls and a nearly vertical, but slightly convex, profile, where preserved. The form is most likely that of convex pyxis that has vertical loop handles and vertical rim. On body, two lines, row of stepped triangles with concentric V's between them, three lines, then bottom of maeander band at break, which appears to coincide with curve to shoulder. This appears to be related to three pyxides dated to the second half of the 5th century: Tusa 1990, p. 21, no. 720; Dengate 1976, p. 308, no. 122, fig. 5, pl. 76; Syracuse 45347 (Bernab6 Brea 1956, p. 120, no. 15, pl. 24:9), from Akrai. Maeanders decorate the shoulders of both of the examples on Sicily. Also see 344. Ca. 450-420. 65.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
P1.6
C-37-520. Deposit 27 (well 1937-1). PH. ca. 0.100; Est. Max.D. 0.210. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4, 5YR 7/6 (core). Eight sherds mended to form five nonjoining fragments. Profile of upper body, shoulder, and lower rim preserved. Glaze is fired red, red paint. Ovoid body curvinginto low, sloping shoulder;verticalrim offset by low, raisedring. On body,glazed band, glazed horizontal enclosed palmettes running right to left, with large volutes at bases and between palmettes, thin radiatingleaves. On shoulder,painted, glazed, painted lines, pair of enclosed antithetical palmettes, with thin radiating leaves between them and large spiral volutes, glazed broken double maeander, left to right. Ridge and rim glazed, as far as preserved. Fordecorationsee KP-1 167, Corinth XV, iii, p. 197, no. 1047, pl. 46. Second half of the 5th century. 66.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
P1.6
C-64-315. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1).M.P.D.0.041. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Single fragment preserves shoulder, rim, and stump of handle. Pemberton 1970, p. 288, no. 54, pl. 70. Nearly flat shoulder with stump of vertical loop handle slopes up to vertical rim. Two dilute lines, dilute tongues, red line on shoulder. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410. 67.
Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
KP-2416. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. M.PD. 0.063. O1YR 8/3 to 5Y 8/3. Single fragment preserves part of shoulder and rim. Lip missing. CorinthXV, iii, p. 181, no. 954, pl. 43. Shoulder slopes up to vertical rim. On shoulder, black band with two rows of added white dots, red line, black myrtlewith thin straight stem and alternating long thin leaves and small
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
48
round berries.Red line, then blackfrom top of shoulderto rim, as far as preserved. The use of a blackband with added white dots indicatesthat 67 is probably contemporary with the Vrysoula Workshop,if not actually from that workshop. Third or earlierpart of fourth quarter of the 5th century. 68.
Fig. 4, Table 1 Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim
L-73-69-3. Lechaion Road East, pottery lot 73-69. PH. 0.028; Est.D. (rim)0.050. 7.5YR 8/4. Two nonjoining fragments from same vessel preserve part of shoulder,rim, and one handle. Body rounds up to sloping shoulder, curving up to slightly inward-slopingrim; vertical loop handle rises from shoulder. On shoulder,two black lines, red line, blackline, black tongues
separatedby dilute lines, red line. Exterior of rim and top half of handle black. Late 5th century. Convex pyxis with handles and vertical rim Fig. 4, P1.6 L-37-2-21. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). PH. 0.019; Est.D. (rim)0.035. 10YR 8/3. Two nonjoining fragmentspreserve part of shoulder,stumps of handles, and rim. All preserved decoration is worn black glaze. Body rounds up to sloping shoulder, curving up to slightly inward-sloping rim; vertical loop handle rises from shoulder. Three lines at junction of body and shoulder, thin closely spaced tongues on shoulder, line above. Exterior and top interior of rim glazed. Probablythe first quarter of the 4th century. 69.
TRIPOD PYXIS
Seventh- and earlier-6th-century tripod pyxides are made from two parts thrown separately
on the wheel. The inner bowl is then inserted into a separate shell that resembles a concave pyxis.28The base is trimmed back in three equal and equidistant sections, leaving three flaring feet. No handles are present. In the early 6th century,the profile from foot to rim is like that of the concave pyxis discussed above.29During the first half of the century,however, the minimum diameter comes to be placed directlyabove the foot, regardlessof where this may be in relationto the overall height of the vessel.30 The body loses its concavity in the third quarter of the 6th century,and potters are now throwingthese pyxides in one piece instead of two. 71 shows flaring tripod feet curving up to a straight, flaring wall. By the late 6th century, the foot is brought in closer to the body so that the overall profile is nearly cylindrical. An example found in Athens
dating to the late 6th or early 5th century shows a straight-sided,nearly cylindricalprofile sloping inwardslightlyto a minimum diameterjust below the rim.31In the firstquarterof the 5th century, the minimum diameter remains high, but the shape again shows a concave curve, as seen on 73. A few examples show bands of bars, dots, or vertical squiggles accentuating the foot. For the most part, however, tripod pyxides are decorated exclusively with bands and lines. P1.6 Tripod pyxis C-34-1167. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). P.H. 0.032. 10YR 8/3 to 5YR 8/4. Single fragmentpreservesone leg and part of bowl. Pease 1937, p. 285, fig. 20.
70.
Vertical foot; vertical body. Black band on underside at outer circumference.Black vertical lines at edges of foot. At bottom, exteriorof foot, two rows of black dots, each borderedby black lines. Interior reserved. Context dated ca. 460-420, but this fragment is probably earlier.Other examples of White Style tripod pyxides date to the 6th century.Examples include Laurens 1974, pp. 111-112, no. 52; Corinth XIII, p. 186, no. 159-13 (T-3237), pl. 24. Fig. 5, P1.6 Tripod pyxis H. T-1371. North Cemetery, grave 239. (with lid) 0.095; D. 0.100. 7.5YR 8/4. A few small chips missing, otherwise intact. Corinth XIII, p. 208, no. 239-3, pl. 32.
71.
28 For further discussion, see CorVP,pp. 454-465; see esp.
454, note 50. Amyx arguesthat despite similaritiesof form, the tripod and concave-sidedpyxides developed independently at Corinth.
Flaring feet; deep, cylindrical body. Conical lid with small flat knob; wide, projecting rilled rim. Underside reserved. On each foot, four black lines, then vertical squiggles. On body, two black lines, purple, black bands. Exterior and top of rim purple. Blackline on interior below rim. Black line atjunction with floor. Black ring at center floor. Lid: purple, black, black lines. Purple band, two black lines, blackband, two blacklines, purple band, black ring around knob. Shaft of knob black.Two black rings on top of knob. See HimeraII, p. 608, no. 25, pl. XCIX:3, left; Andreiomenou 1991a, p. 40; and CVA,Heidelberg 1 [Germany 10], pl. 18:10. Although the foot treatments differ,the shapes and overall decorative schemes are similar. Third quarter of the 6th century.
29
See, for example, Corinth XIII, p. 196, no. 186-3 (T-3056), pl. 28, from a Middle Corinthian grave. 30 See, for example, Lawrence 1964, no. E19 (C-60-120), pl. 19. 31 Roberts 1986, pp. 49-50, no. 331.
PYxIS
49
72.
Tripod pyxis Fig. 5, P1.7 CP-589. Deposit 6 (grave 1916-14). H. (pyxis) 0.055; D. (pyxis) 0.081; H. (with lid) 0.081. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Glaze is fired black to red. Bentz 1982, p. 187, no. A8-2, pl. 29. Wall of pyxis is slightly concave at bottom and top, with slight convex bulge just above center. Lid has concave underside, then is horizontal from bottom edge of flange outward; low conical top surface;flaring knob has conical depressionat top. Foursets of glazed alternatinglines and bands on exteriorwall of pyxis. Red paint on top interiorof rim. Three narrow,widely spaced red glazed bands on interior wall. Red circle on floor. On top of lid, four sets of glazed alternating lines and bands. Sides of knob glazed, ring on top. Central conical depression reserved. Late 6th century.
71
73.
Tripod pyxis Fig. 5 T-1673. North Cemetery, grave 271. H. (with lid) 0.087; D. 0.080. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Intact. CorinthXIII, p. 219, no. 271-1, pl. 39. Heavy feet; concave body. Low,sloping lid; flaringknob. Pyxis: black line, band, line, red band, black line, two black bands to top rim. On interior,glazed line below rim and one on floor. Lid: two black lines, band, line, red band. Center of lid to just below top of shaft glazed. Top of knob: red band, two rows black dots, black ring, reservedcentral dot. Fill 1933-2 from South Stoa Shop XXXII includes an uninventoried fragment of a similarpyxis. Ca. 490-470.
72
73 FIG. 5. Tripod pyxides
POWDERPYXIS
The powder pyxis is also a popular Corinthian shape. The bowl has a flat bottom, a rounded, outward-projecting base,32 and cylindrical walls.33 The cylindrical lid has a flat top offset by an outward-projecting ring, which may be grooved on the top. The early-6th-century shape is broad and low. The pyxides of the Sam Wide Group show that this low form continues to be produced with little change. Generally, however, the shape slowly becomes taller and more narrow with time. During the first half of the 6th century, the sides of the lid are usually decorated with sets of vertical squiggles.34 During the second half of the century, horizontal grooves or ridges may be added to the sides of the lid, as seen on 74, and there is more variety in the painted decoration. From the end of the 6th century on, grooved and raised rings may be found on the tops of the lids, as on 75. Around the middle of the 5th century, the sides of the lid become slightly concave, a feature that gradually becomes more pronounced through the first half of the 4th century on the latest Conventionalizing powder-pyxis lids. P1.7 Powderpyxis C-37-2468b. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). PH. 0.037; Est.D. 0.115. 10YR 8/3 to 10YR 7/3 (core).Single fragmentof lid preservesprofilefrom lip to outer part of top. All decoration is worn black glaze.
74.
32 p. 333, ConventionalizingexamplesincludeNecrocorinthia, nos. 1510-1515. 33 CorVP,p. 456.
Cylindrical wall with groove above lip and groove near top; top projectsbeyond wall. Row of dotsjust above exteriorof lip, band, dots, band between grooves on wall. Band, line, band on top. Second half of the 6th century.
34 See also Lawrence 126, 127), pl. 19.
1964, p. 96, nos. E24-E26 (C-60-125,
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
50
halfway to center. Pyxis: exterior and top projecting base red. Blackdots and two blacklines above, then wide reservedband, blackline, widely-spacedblack crosses,black line, red band on exterior wall. Lid: bottom-thickened ring red, then above on wall narrow black band, black dots, narrow red band, black dots, band, dots, line, alternating red wavy bars and groups of three to four black squiggles, then black line, large dots, line, small dots, red band, large black dots, black band to top adjoining inner groove around circumference. On top of lid inside red grooves, two black lines, black broken single maeander,blackline. Black dots on firstridge. Groove between ridges red. Second ridge reserved. Red line, black dotted band with black lines above and below. Center missing. Early 5th century.
75
77.
Fig. 6 T-1787. North Cemetery,grave 286. H. (with lid) 0.073; D. 0.100. 10YR 7/3. Lid intact, box mended. CorinthXIII, p. 225, no. 286-3, pl. 41.
Base of pyxis projects beyond sides. Lid outward thickened at bottom; cylindrical sides; grooves around circumference on top. Pyxis: wide red band at top foot onto bottom of wall, black band, wide reservedband. At top of wall two blacklines. Exterior of rim red. Black line on interior below rim. Lid: outward-thickenedbottom red. Black dotted band bordered by black lines, black alternating stepped triangles separated by black lines and bordered below and above by black lines, three black lines. Red from top of body to inner edge of six grooves around circumference on top. Wide reserved band inside grooves around circumference on top of lid, three red grooves, reservedto two red grooves at center. First quarterof the 5th century.
77
1L
Powderpyxis
78
Powderpyxis Fig. 6, Table 1 T-1820. North Cemetery, grave 293. H. 0.040; D. 0.054. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Intact. CorinthXIII, p. 227, no. 293-1, pl. 41.
78.
81 FIG. 6. Powder pyxides 75.
Powderpyxis
Fig. 6
T-1138. North Cemetery, grave 258. PH. (with lid) 0.060; Est.D. 0.068. 7.5YR 7/4 to 5YR 7/6. Mended from many fragments.Much of box and lid missing.CorinthXIII, p. 214, no. 258-4, pl. 34. Deep box thickened at bottom. Shallow, domed lid thickened at bottom, molded ridgesat top. Pyxis:traces of three red bands on body.Lid: red band, line, wide reservedband, two red lines, band to inner edge of first series of molded ridges. Traces of red on inner ridges. Bottom two-thirds of interior wall of lid red with red line above. Late 6th or early 5th century. 76.
Powderpyxis
Table 1
T-1772. North Cemetery, grave 292. H. 0.076; D. 0.094. 7.5YR 7/6 to 5YR 7/6. About one-third missing. Center lid missing,otherwisefull profile. CorinthXIII, pp. 226-227, no. 292-1, pl. 41. Base projects beyond cylindrical walls. Lid outward thickened at bottom, five grooves around circumference,two ridges
Base of pyxis projectsbeyond body.Lid has outward-thickened rings at bottom and top. Pyxis: narrow black bands at bottom and top of exterior wall. Lid: ring at bottom red, then black band, two red lines, black band to outward-thickenedring. Ring around top red, then black line, zetas, line, red band, black line, wide black ring, central dot reserved. Second quarterof the 5th century. 79.
Powder pyxis
T-1679. North Cemetery, grave 288. H. 0.047; D. 0.075. 5YR 8/4 to 7.5YR 7/6. Intact. Black glaze fired orange in spots. CorinthXIII, p. 226, no. 288-2, pl. 41. Edge of base projectsbeyond body.Bottom edge of lid outward thickened; projecting top grooved; central boss. Exterior of foot to bottom of wall black. Black line, wide reserved band, black line, red band at exterior of rim. Black line on interior below rim. Lid: bottom-thickenededge black, blackline, main decorative band on body is bordered below and above by blacklines and consists of sequence of red rectangle, two black vertical lines, black "hourglass,"two black vertical lines, then all repeated five times. Black line, then top of wall to inner groove around circumference black, then black tongues with dots between tips, black line, red band, two blacklines. Center around and on boss black. Ca. 480-450.
51
PYXIS P1. 7 Powderpyxis KP-131. Potters' Quarter, Circular South Shrine. H. (lid) 0.048; H. (pyxis) 0.044; D. (bottom pyxis) 0.067. 7.5YR 7/4 to 7/6. Intact. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 203-204, no. 1090, XIII, p. 227, no. 292-1. pl. 47; mentioned with Corinth
80.
Cylindrical pyxis with bottom projecting beyond body. Lid thickened at bottom edge; molded circumferencering around top, second molded ring on top around central boss. Pyxis: exterior of bottom edge black. Narrow black band around center body. Black line at top of exterior to top of interior of rim. Lid: exterior of outward-thickenededge red on side and black on top. Black, red, black lines. Red, black wavy oblongs separatedby sets of five vertical wavy lines, except on one side where narrow black, red wavy oblongs are next to each other. Black,red, blacklines above.Molded circumferenceringblack. Exterior and top of molded circumference ring black, then interior of ring red continuing onto flat top. Two black lines, black "wreath"without stem, black line, molded ring black on exterior of edge, black dots on top, and interior of face is reserved.Narrow black ring, wide red ring, central boss black. Fill 1933-2 from South Stoa Shop XXXII includes an uninventoried fragment of a similarpyxis. Probablyfirst half of the 5th century. 81.
Powderpyxis
Fig. 6
T-1804. North Cemetery, grave 334. H. (with lid) 0.049; D. 0.065. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Intact. CorinthXIII, p. 242, no. 334-5, pl. 49. Base of pyxis projects beyond cylindrical sides. Lid outward thickened at bottom and has projecting ridged ring around circumference on top, then two low ridges halfway to center and tiny raised ring at center. Pyxis: exterior of projecting bottom red. Two black lines just below mid-body, black line below rim. Rim red. On interior,blackline on center wall, and black ring on floor. Lid: thickened bottom red, then blackline, band, line, red band, blackline, band, line. Molded ring on top red, then black line, black alternating stepped triangles, with black lines below and above, black line. First ridge red, second ridge reserved. Black line, band, line. Central raised ring red. Late second quarter of the 5th century. Powderpyxis KP-138. Potters' Quarter, wall E deposit. H. 0.035; D. 0.073. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Lid missing fragment from rim XV, iii, p. 207, no. 1110, pl. 47; IFAR11.6, (restored).Corinth p. 24, no. 861.
82.
Shallow, cylindrical lid with convex projecting molding at edge of top, set off by groove; flat top with raised ring near center. Wide black band, two red bands, wide black band continuing onto molding and past groove to form ring around circumference on top. Then narrow red, black bands, black two-bar hook maeander. Outer edge of second groove black, then reserved. Red from top molded ridge to circumference around central circle. Central circle reservedwith black dot. Style of hook maeander suggests a date around or after the middle of the 5th century. 83.
Powderpyxis
C-64-396. Pottery lot 2152. PH. 0.050; D. 0.091. 7.5YR 8/4 to 8/2. Six mended fragmentspreservepart of wall and XVIII, i, p. 128, no. 285, pl. 30. top of lid. Corinth
Straight, cylindricalsides; raised molded ring around circumference of top. Black band, line, red band, black line on wall. Black band from top of wall over top raised ring around circumference. On top, inside raised ring, pairs of ivy leaves and berry clusters with crossing stems, black line, red band, two black lines, black eight-petal rosette with red central dot. Pembertonsuggested a date in the second quarteror middle of the 5th century.Date perhaps well into third quarterof the century, as the stems of the ivy leaves and berry clusters are rather long. 84.
Powderpyxis KP-1459. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. PH. 0.025; D. 0.072. 7.5YR 8/4 to 2.5Y 8/2. Half of top and part of side of lid preserved. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 182-183, no. 964, pl. 43.
Cylindrical lid with raised, grooved, projecting ring around top; top slightly convex, with small, flat boss at center. Red band, black line, band to underside of projecting ring. Top of projectingring red, then blackband, line, black brokendouble maeander,black line, wide red ring extends onto central boss. Central dot of boss reserved. Maeander type suggests date in the second half of the 5th century. P1.7 Powderpyxis KP-1460. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.026; D. 0.079. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Lid missing all of bottom and one-third of top and side. Mentioned with CorinthXV, iii, p. 183, no. 964.
85.
Cylindricallid with projecting, grooved, molded ring around top; slightly convex top with central boss. Red band, black line, band to bottom of projecting ring. Top of molded ring red, then blackband, line, black broken single maeander,right to left, black line. Red band, black band onto boss. Center of boss reserved. Shape as 84. Probablysecond half of the 5th century. Powderpyxis P1.7 C-37-194. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). PH. 0.047; Est.D. 0.130. 10YR 8/3. Two joining fragments of lid preserve small part of cylindricalbody and about one-thirdof slightly convex top, which projectsbeyond body. Glaze firedred, red paint. One groove near outer circumference and two near center; stump of vertical loop handle. On body, painted band, glazed line, band continuing to exteriorgroove on top. Groove painted, then glazed line, glazed three-bar hook maeander, painted line, glazed line, painted band, two glazed lines, painted line, center and handle stump reserved. The use of the three-bar hook maeander and the careful banding suggest a date in the 5th century, most likely the middle or third quarter. 86.
P1.7 L-73-69-9. Lechaion Road East, pottery lot 73-69. M.PD. 0.085. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Fragmentfrom top of lid. Glaze is fired brown, red paint. On underside,fragment is beginning to curve down into wall. On top, two raised ridges about halfway between outer edge,
87.
Powder pyxis
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
52
and center.On top of lid, long, narrow,brownstepped triangles with dots between tips, three brown lines, red line around first ridge. Brown dots on ridges, with brown line between ridges. Red line inside second ridge, brown line, stepped triangleswith dots between tips, two lines. Probably5th century. 88.
Powderpyxis
P1.7
C-37-201. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). H. 0.028; D. 0.042. 7.5YR 8/4. Two joining fragments preserve all of top and about half of body of lid. Full profile preserved. Concave body; low, domed top projecting beyond body; lip reserved. Wide black band, narrowred band, wide black band continuing around circumferenceof top. On top, narrow red, black bands, wide black ring at center. First quarterof the 4th century. 89.
Powderpyxis
P1. 7
C-37-195. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). P.H. 0.044; D. 0.078. 10YR 8/3. Fivejoining fragmentspreservemost of top and part of body of lid. Full profile preserved.
Body slightlyconcave; top projectsbeyond body and has small depression at center. On body, black band, line, red band, blackline, band continuing around circumferenceof top, then red band, black line, black alternatingType 2 palmettes, black line, wide black ring at center. First quarterof the 4th century. 90.
Powder pyxis
P1.7
Well 1931-14-2. Deposit 33 (well 1931-14). H. 0.042; Est.D. 0.072. 10YR 8/3. Single fragment preserves full profile of a lid. Slightly concave wall with three grooves and one ridge. Nearly flat top projects beyond wall and has a groove near the edge. Blackband at bottom of exterioredge, blackline in firstgroove, red band between first and second grooves, black line between second and third grooves, black band from just above third groove on wall into groove on top, then red, black, black, red lines, black palmette cross at center with Type 2 palmettes, long petals between palmettes. Palmette style similar to that of 89. Probablyfirst half of the 4th century.
FLANGED LIDS MISCELLANEOUS Flanged lids were used to cover tripod pyxides, straight-sided pyxides, and sometimes convex pyxides. Through at least the third quarter of the 6th century, these lids are nearly flat on top and have low flanges.35 Three types of knobs are used in the 6th century. Some knobs are short cylinders, while others are conical and have discs on top.36 Most knobs are short, however, forming nearly flat cones or buttons, as those of 92 and 93. In the late 6th century and during the first half of the 5th century, the knobs of lids are generally conical in profile and often open at the top. This creates a large central depression in the center of the knob. In the second half of the 5th century, however, knobs slope upward at the top to a central depression much more narrow than those of earlier knobs. In the 5th and 4th centuries, the flanges of the lids are higher. The tops of the lids rise and become conical. They are decorated only with bands. Those found in 4th-century contexts are generally not so well made and tend to have more careless banding than those of the 5th century. 96 shows the banding typical of the 5th century, with a black line at the top of the cover around the knob. This linee is still present on 98, but on other 4th-century examples, such as 97 and 99, there is a black band at the top of the cover, which continues on the shaft of the knob. The knobs themselves may be solid at this time, without central depressions. P1.8 Flanged lid C-39-233. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). H. 0.026; D. 0.080. 10YR 8/3. Mended. A few chips missing.
91.
Concave underside, horizontal from edge of low flange outward; low, conical top; knob consists of low, flat-topped, truncated cone. Fourblack lines, two rows of black dots, two black lines, purple band bordered by black lines, black band, junction with knob reserved. Knob shaft black. Black ring and dot on top of knob. 6th century. P1.8 Flanged lid C-53-97. Deposit 3 (well 1953-1). H. 0.039; D. (rim)0.061. 7.5YR 7/4. Chips from rim missing all around. All preserveddecorationis black.Brann 1956, p. 364, no. 51, pl. 53.
92.
35
92 does have a high flange, but this lid is also exceptionally large.
Concave underside, horizontal from edge of low flange outward;top has slightlyconcave profile, rising to center.Conical, flat-topped knob. Band, two lines, band, two lines, reserved center. Two rings and dot on top of knob. Interior reserved. Ca. 600-540. 93.
P1.8 Flanged lid C-53-98a-c. Deposit 3 (well 1953-1). Est.D. 0.082. Three nonjoining fragments. All preserved decoration is black. Brann 1956, p. 364, no. 49, pl. 53. Concave undersideprojectshorizontallyfrom flange;low, conical top; roundeddisc knob. Line aroundtop of rim, zigzagwith dotsborderedby pairs oflines, then two lines, and a band. Sides of knob black. Ring and dot on top of knob. Ca. 600-540. 36
See Bentz 1982, pp. 331, 334, no. D3-93 (C-47-733).
PYXIS 94.
P1.8 Flanged lid C-71-7. Deposit 36 (well 1971-1). H. 0.030; D. 0.079. Rim chipped. Concave undersideprojectshorizontallyfrom flange;low, conical top; rounded, cylindricalknob. Edge of rim black. On top of rim, three black lines, reserved band with groups of black short opposing diagonal lines, added red band, black band, wide reserved band, black ring at base of knob. Black band on upper half of side of knob, two black rings on top of knob. The lid of a tripodpyxis found in a tomb at Himera is nearly identical.37 Third quarter of the 6th century. 95.
P1.8, Table 1 Flanged lid C-34-1006. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. 0.021; D. 0.034. 1OYR8/3. Rim chipped. All decoration is blackglaze. Pease 1937, pp. 285-286, no. 108, fig. 21. Concave underside projects almost horizontally from flange; low, conical top; cylindricalknob. Band, ring of three-barsigmas, band. Ring on top of knob. Ca. 460-420. P1.8 Flanged lid D. C-64-125. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.040; 0.071. 10YR 8/3 to 8/4. Large chip missing from rim. Restored in plaster.Pemberton 1970, p. 287, no. 50, fig. 2, pl. 70. Conical underside, horizontal from flange outward;low, conical top with two-stepped, flat-topped knob. Black band on exterior edge of rim and circumference of top. On top, two black lines, red band, black line. Top of cover and shaft of knob black to just below top of shaft, then reserved.Exteriorof disc knob and circumferenceof top of disc black. Large black circle at center. See pp. 149-151 for discussionof the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 96.
P1.8 Flanged lid CP-513. Deposit 29 (well 1915-2). H. 0.055; D. (rim)0.098; D. (flange)0.061. 7.5YR 7/4. Large chip out of rim. Concave underside, horizontal from edge of flange outward; low, conical top; knob handle consists of shaft and flat-topped disc. Underside reserved. On top, black band, black line, red band, black line, then black from center to top of knob shaft. Three black rings on top of knob. First to second quarterof the 4th century. 97.
Related P1.8 C-47-734. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). Est.D. 0.084. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from five fragments and partly restored in plaster. About half preserved, including stump of handle.
101.
Flat lid
Flat lid with vertical loop handle. On top of lid, black line, alternatingred and black buds with black dots at their bases, two black lines around handle. Handle broken off but apparently glazed. Third quarterof the 6th century.
37
HimeraII, p. 608, no. 25, pl. XCIX:3 right; Bonacasa 1986, pp. 29-30, pl. XXI: 1 right.
53
98.
P1.8 Flanged lid C-37-2598. Deposit 30 (pit 1937-1). H. 0.040; D. 0.078. 10YR 8/3 to 5YR 8/4. Intact.
Poorlymade lid consists of low, sloping, convex cover;vertical flange set well in from lip; knob consists of narrowstem flaring to flat-topped disc. On top, black band, black line, red band, black line. Shaft and top of knob black, except for central reserved circle on top. Interior reserved. Second to third quarter of the 4th century. 99.
P1.8 Flanged lid C-71-55. Deposit 32 (drain 1971-1). H. 0.050; D. (rim) 0.097; D. (flange)0.068; Max.D. (knob)0.040. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4; 5YR 8/4 (core).Mended from seven fragments, nearly complete. Buff slip over all. Conical lid with vertical interior flange under horizontal rim; knob consists of low, cylindrical stem and flat disc. Band of glaze on rim firedblackat edge and red towardcenter,reserved band, purple band, reservedband, glazed band (firedred)from center of lid to rim of knob. Top of knob reserved,with added purple ring. Third quarterof the 4th century or slightlylater. 100.
Flanged lid KP-670. Potters' Quarter, Terracotta Factory, deposit 5. H. 0.040; D. 0.075. 10YR 8/3 to 5YR 7/4 (core). Glaze is very worn. Corinth XV iii, p. 213, no. 1138, pl. 48. indented Considerably flange; low, conical cover; knob has thick shaft and slightly concave top. Black band at top edge, then red line, band, line. Knob of shaft black. Top of knob reservedwith red ring. Second half of the 4th century.
54
THE DEVELOPMENTAND DECORATIONOF SHAPES KOTYLE and SKYPHOS
The terms kotyle and skyphos are used here to distinguish between two similar but usually distinct shapes.38 The kotyle is a deep drinking vessel with a flaring ring foot and two horizontal loop handles attached below the rim. The Conventionalizing skyphos differs from the kotyle only in the shape of the foot.39 Instead of a flaring ring foot, the skyphos has the Attic-type torus ring foot or a foot truncated to imitate the Attic type. Skyphoi with separately articulated lips do not appear in the Conventionalizing repertoire. Both shapes are decorated in the same way. The standard decorative scheme consists of one or two circles around a dot at the center of the underside. The body is usually decorated with alternating bands and lines. Some have multiple lines between bands, including 102, 117, 132, 146, and several examples from Stele Shrine A in the Potters' Quarter. The main decorated area is most often the handle zone, where a wide variety of motifs is seen. Large kotylai (181-186, 614-621) typically carry floral friezes below the handle zone. KOTYLE The Conventionalizing kotyle generally follows the same lines of shape development already documented for Orientalizing and black-glazed kotylai.40 In the second quarter of the 6th century, the kotyle has a low wide shape with a rounded convex body. The rim is very slightly incurving, and the foot is triangular in section. During the second half of the 6th century, the body becomes progressively straighter and less rounded. Bentz dated 123 in the middle of the 6th century or slightly later, but this date appears to be too early. The profile of 123 rather suggests a date in the late third quarter or in the last quarter of the 6th century.41 124 appears to be only slightly later but is very close to them in profile. Pemberton dated 124 in the late 6th or early 5th century, but because the wall is still curved, this example is probably not as late as the early 5th century.42 125 and 127 have both been dated in the last quarter of the 6th century as well, but 125 has a more rounded body than 127 and may be slightly earlier. From the late 6th century on, there is often a scraped groove at or above the junction of the foot and body. By the end of the 6th century, the wall is nearly straight, rising to an incurving rim. During the first half of the 5th century, the trend is toward a narrowing of the body. Rims are still incurving at first but become straighter and more vertical with time. During the first quarter of the 5th century, the exterior wall may still be slightly convex toward the bottom, but 153 has a straight lower wall. During the second quarter of the 5th century, the walls of the vessels are very straight, flaring up to slightly incurving or vertical rims. By the mid 5th century, the wall once again flares out considerably from a contracted foot. The profile of 206, dated to the middle or third quarter of the 5th century, and probably earlier than 172 and 173, has a triangular appearance. This becomes more pronounced during the period represented by deposit 23, the third and earlier fourth quarters of the 5th century. The profile of 174 suggests that it is contemporary with the material in deposit 23. 176, from a context suggesting a date late in the 5th century, has a rim with a straight external profile and slightly outturned interior profile. 178 appears to be later and may date to the first half of the 4th century. The decoration on the body is that of 174, 38
Williams and Fisher 1972, pp. 155-157. For Pre-Conventionalizing kotylai, see CorVP,pp. 457-459. 39 See Williams and Fisher 1972, p. 155, note 18. In Corinth XVIII, i, p. 26, Pemberton adds that the kotyle has a thinner and more convex wall than the skyphos,but these further distinctionsare consistent only among the largerblack-glazed, ray-based,and semiglazed types. In the smaller Conventionalizing vessels, such distinctions are blurred.
40
CorinthVII, ii, pp. 73-78 (MPC-LC I); CorinthXIII, pp. 105-108 (late 7th and 6th centuries), 123-129 (5th and 4th centuries);Bentz 1982, pp. 14-31. 41 XIII, p. 210, no. 248-1 (T-1453),fig. 11; Compare Corinth Cook 1953, pp. 53-55, no. D27, fig. 27. 42 Corinth XVIII, i, p. 175, no. 566.
KOTYLEANDSKYPHOS
55
also from the Shrine of the Double Stele in the Potters' Quarter, but the profile is between those of 176 and of 179 and 180. The latter two bear similar decoration on their bodies as well. 179 and 180 have the shape and the heavy fabric of group iii semiglazed skyphoi, especially those of the second half of the 4th century.43 179 and 180 are probably not as late as the very end of the 4th century, as non-Conventionalizing
Corinthian
kotylai of this date tend to be slimmer than
those found in the Terracotta Factory. The use of decorative motifs also changes over time. Sigmas, a carryover from earlier periods, are still found in handle zones in the middle of the 6th century but are soon dropped from the
Conventionalizing repertoire. According to Bentz, the dotted band is rare by the middle of the 6th century B.C. and virtually nonexistent in the second half.44 Yet 141, dated by context to the first quarter of the 5th century, still has a rudimentary double-dotted band, and single-dotted bands are not uncommon in tthe 5th century; numerous examples were found in Stele Shrine A. Alternating stepped triangles first appear in the handle zones of kotylai durin the second quarter of the 6th century (see 102) and remain common through the first half of the 5th century, becoming longer and narrower with time. A few kotylai, 196-198,
carry alternating stepped triangles at the
bottom of the body, just above the foot. Zigzags begin to decorate handle zones in the third quarter of the 6th century, as shown by 117. During the 5th century, the zigzags in handle zones become compacted and netlike, as each diagonal bar takes on a slight S-curve. In the second quarter of the century, this S-curve becomes more pronounced so that the zigzags come to resemble picket fences, looking as though they have horizontal lines through the middle. Buds are often used to decorate handle zones and first appear, sometimes in linked chains, in the late 6th century.45 They are still found on vases from deposit 23, but are not often linked after the first quarter of the 5th century. Around the time of deposit 23, widely spaced elongated buds begin to appear on the bodies of some kotylai and are still found in the second half of the 4th century, as on 179 and 180.
Some Conventionalizing kotylai have double-ring feet. The double-ring foot has a long history at Corinth.46 Nearly all kotylai with double-ring feet have carefully decorated undersides. For
example, the resting surfaces of both ring feet of 150 are decorated with stepped-triangle patterns. This careful attention to the undersides of the vases suggests that they were meant to be displayed, perhaps hung on a wall. A majority of the known examples, however, were found stacked in Stele Shrine A. A number of these small decorative kotylai are from the same workshop (see pp. 145-149), and Williams suggests that much of the material in Stele Shrine A was put there at one time, "as a final offering or part of an offering ritual."47 The double-ring footed kotylai are not among the latest vases so perhaps the kotylai had already been collected elsewhere over a period of time and were brought to Stele Shrine A to be dedicated on a single occasion. Fig. 7 Kotyle T-2951. North Cemetery, grave 200. H. 0.049; D. 0.080. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Intact. CorinthXIII, p. 199, no. 200-1, XVIII, i, p. 175, no. 565. pl. 31. Mentioned with Corinth rounded convex body; two Low, flaring ring foot; shallow, horizontal loop handles attached at rim. On underside, two black rings and dot. Interior of foot red. Exteriorof foot black. On body, two black lines, black band, black line, purple band, black line. Black alternating stepped triangles in handle zone. Purple line at exterior of lip. Handles undecorated. Interior of lip reserved, remainder black. Ca. 580-570. 102.
43 See Palmer's comments: CorinthXIII, p. 126; see also XV iii, p. 212, no. 1128. Corinth 44 Bentz 1982, p. 19. 45 For Attic imitations, see
V pp. 35, 177, nos. Morgantina 16-2, 16-3, pls. 42, 80; TocraI, p. 109, no. 1152, pl. 85.
Fig. 7 Kotyle T-3042. North Cemetery, grave 188. H. 0.051; D. 0.078. 2.5Y 8/2 to 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. CorinthXIII, p. 196, no. 188-1, pl. 29.
103.
Low,flaringring foot; shallow,rounded convex body; two horizontal loop handles attached at rim. Black dot and ring at center of underside,and two lines at circumference,just inside of foot. Interior of foot to exterior of foot black. Exterior of foot black. Four black bands on body. Vertical lines in handle zone bordered below and above by black lines. Handles undecorated. Interior black. Second quarterof the 6th century. 46
See, for example, CorinthVII, i, pp. 80-81, no. 367 (C-39-23), pl. 44. 47 Williams 1986, p. 22. Stillwell's descriptionof the manner in which the vases were arrangedin the shrine is also discussed on p. 16 above.
56
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
102
103
104
109
110
114
119
120
124
128
108
117
123
121
125
127
131
130
129
FIG.7. Kotylai
132
KOTYLE AND SKYPHOS
133
134
135
141
142
145
1.
57
137
138
146
147
/
[77
? 148
150
155
156
608
153
152
158
157
652
653
FIG.8. Kotylai
161
58
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
104.
Fig. 7, P1.9 Kotyle CP-596. Deposit 2 (grave 1916-47). H. 0.044; D. 0.063. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/6. One handle mended, otherwise intact. Glaze is fired red, and added red paint is used. Bentz 1982, p. 176, no. Al-3. Low, flaring disc foot with concave profile and concave underside; concave body; slightly incurving rim; horizontal loop handles. Glazed band, two rings and central dot on underside. Resting surface reserved. Exterior of foot and junction with body glazed. Glazed line, painted band, band of glazed crosshatching (three horizontal lines divide into four vertical rows of squares),red painted band. Verticaland diagonal lines in handle zone. Exterior of lip glazed. Glazed dots on handles. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder glazed. Second quarter of the 6th century. 105.
P1.9 Kotyle CP-597. Deposit 2 (grave 1916-47). H. 0.030; D. 0.051. 7.5YR 8/4. One handle mended. Rim chipped. All preserved decoration is black glaze. Bentz 1982, p. 176, no. A1-4.
Slightly concave disc foot with central boss; convex body; incurvingrim; horizontalloop handles. Boss reserved,remainder of undersideblack. Exteriorof foot black. Blackline, band, line on body. Vertical lines in handle zone. Handles undecorated. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder black. Second quarter of the 6th century. 106.
P1.9 Kotyle CP-598. Deposit 2 (grave 1916-47). H. 0.025; D. 0.047. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. One handle mended, otherwise intact. All preserved decoration is very worn black glaze. Bentz 1982, pp. 176-177, no. A1-5. Ring foot; convex body; horizontal rim; horizontal loop handles. Two blackrings on underside.Interiorand exteriorof foot black. Black line, band, line on body. Black blob dots in handle zone. Black line at exterior of rim. Handles undecorated. Interior of rim reserved. Remainder black. Second quarter of the 6th century.
purple bands. Blackvertical squiggles in handle zone. Exterior of lip purple. Handle glazed. Interior of lip reserved, purple band immediately below. Remainder glazed. Second quarterof the 6th century. 109.
Kotyle Fig. 7 C-47-523. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.070; Est.D. (rim) 0.098. 10YR 8/3. Most of rim and upperwall missing.Bentz 1982, p. 302, no. D3-29.
Low, flaring ring foot; slightly convex body flares to slightly inturned rim. Black bands on resting surface and interior of foot. Two black circumference rings on underside. Black circle and large dot at center. Foot black. Junction with body reserved. Short, crowded black rays spring from brown line and terminate in brownish black band. Black double-dotted band set off by narrow reserved bands, glazed band dulled from added color,black double dotted band, blackband. Black sigmas in handle zone. Exterior of lip black. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder black. Second quarterof the 6th century. 110.
Kotyle Fig. 7, P1.9, Table 1 1 C-47-524. Deposit (well 1947-4). H. 0.064; Est.D. (rim) 0.085. 10YR 8/3. About one-third preserved. One handle and most of wall missing.Discussed with Bentz 1982, p. 302, no. D3-29.
Low, flaring ring foot; slightly convex body flares to slightly inturned rim. Interior of foot glazed (firedred). Underside reserved,with glazed circle and large dot. Exteriorof foot glazed, junctionwithbody reserved,narrowaddedpurpleband, narrow reservedband, glazedband, blackdouble-dottedband set offby narrow reserved bands, black band. Black four-barsigmas in handle zone. Exterior of lip purple. Black band around outer surface of handle. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder black. Second quarteror perhaps middle of the 6th century. 111.
P1.9 Kotyle CP-599. Deposit 2 (grave 1916-47). H. 0.029; D. 0.044. 10YR 8/2. One handle mended, otherwise intact. Bentz 1982, p. 177, no. A1-6. Ring foot; convex body; horizontal rim; horizontal loop handles. Black ring and dot on underside. Interior of foot black. Exteriorof foot added purple. On body, two black lines, added purple band, black line. Black blob dots in handle zone. Black linejust below exterior of lip. Handles undecorated.Interiorof lip reserved. Remainder black. Second quarter of the 6th century.
P1.9 Kotyle C-39-162. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). H. 0.080; D. (base) 0.058. 2.5Y 8/2. Mended and partly restored in plaster from many fragments. Missing one-third of base, including center of underside.Otherwise, full profileand stump of one handle preserved.Black glaze and added purplish red paint are nearly all worn off. Flaringring foot; convex body; slightlyincurvingrim;horizontal loop handle(s).Two (painted?)lines around circumference of underside. Interior of foot black. Resting surface reserved. Black on exterior of foot. On body, line, short, closely spaced thin rays, two lines, wide reserved zone. Two lines below handles, with upper line apparentlyred. Black alternatingstepped trianglesin handle zone. Line on exterior of lip. Interior of lip reserved, remainderglazed. Second quarterto middle of the 6th century.
108.
112.
107.
Kotyle Fig. 7, P1.9 C-39-159. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). H. 0.045; D. (rim) 0.070. 10YR 8/3. Mended from several fragments. About two-thirds complete, with all of foot, complete profile, and one handle. Added purple partly worn off. Bentz 1982, p. 367, no. D6-2, pl. 3. Low,flaring disc foot with concave undersurface;convex body risesinto fine, slightlyinturned lip. Two black rings and central dot on underside. Exterior of foot purple. Brown glazed band immediately above on lower body. Black, purple, black, black,
Kotyle T-1548. North Cemetery, grave 181. H. 0.046; D. 0.072. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/2. Intact. Decoration is worn. Corinth XIII, p. 194, no. 181-1, pl. 28. Splayed ring foot, shallow body with nearly straight lower wall; two horizontalloop handles attached at rim. Three rings on underside. Interior of foot glazed. Exterior of foot black. On body, band, two lines, band, line. No trace of decoration preservedin handle zone. Exterior of rim red. Interior black. Second quarterof the 6th century.
KOTYLE AND SKYPHOS59
113.
Kotyle T-1549. North Cemetery, grave 181. H. 0.035; D. 0.056. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 194, no. 181-2, pl. 28.
Ring foot; shallow, nearly hemispherical body; horizontal loop handles attached at rim. Three black rings on underside. Exterior of foot black. On body, two black lines, added purple band, black dots, added purple band, black line. Blackvertical lines in handle zone bordered below and above by black lines. Handles undecorated. Interior of rim reserved, remainder reserved. Second quarter of the 6th century. Fig. 7 Kotyle T-3054. North Cemetery, grave 224. H. 0.042; D. 0.060. 2.5Y 8/2. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 205, no. 224-2, pl. 33.
114.
Convex, roughly trimmed underside; flaring ring foot; flaring convex body; horizontalloop handles. Blackring on underside. Interior of foot purple. Resting surface and lower exterior of foot decoratedwith red dots, then blackband above on exterior of foot. On body, black line, black band, zone of red vertical lines borderedbelow and above and cut throughthe middle by blacklines, then added purple band, black line. Red verticalto diagonal lines in handle zone degenerate into dots on handles. Black line just below lip. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder black. Middle or perhaps third quarterof the 6th century. P1.9 Kotyle CP-2258. Deposit 4 (grave 1954-15). H. 0.039; D. (base) 0.037, restored D. (rim) 0.069. 10YR 8/3 to 2.5Y 8/2. Mended and restored in plaster from several fragments, preserving complete profile. About half missing, including one handle (restored).Eliot and Eliot 1968, p. 351, no. 3, pi. 102. Low ring foot; flaring sides convex in profile curving up to rounded lip; horizontal loop handles. Traces of narrow concentric circles on underside.Exterior of foot black. Black band at junction with body. Black band, line, band, then black line below handle zone upon which black vertical lines in handle zone rest. Handle undecorated. Interior black. Mid 6th century. 115.
116.
Kotyle KP-762. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 0.060; D. 0.094. 10YR 8/3. Worn. Missing fragmentsfrom rim. CorinthXV, iii, p. 298, no. 1624, pl. 65. Ring foot; broad body; slightly incurving rim. Two black rings at center of underside. Interior of foot purple. Exterior of foot purple to junction with body. Two black lines, black band, black line, added purple band, black line on body. Vertical, slightly wavy black lines in handle zone bordered below and above by black lines. Handles undecorated. Interior of rim reserved.Remainder black. Mid 6th century. Fig. 7 Kotyle T-2826. North Cemetery, grave 208. H. 0.042; D. 0.066. 10YR 8/3. Much of wall missing. Decoration very worn. Corinth XIII, p. 200, no. 208-1. Convex underside;flaring ring foot; flaring body curves up to nearly vertical rim; horizontal loop handles. Three black rings on underside. Black band on interior of foot. Black line on 117.
resting surface.Exterior of foot glazed. Purple line at junction of foot and body. Black line, black band, two black lines, red band, blackline on body. Black zigzag in handle zone. Red line above. Handle tips and interior glazed. Third quarterof the 6th century. 118.
P1.9, Table 1 Kotyle C-47-658. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). PH. 0.035; D. (lip)0.063. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from seven sherds. Base and one side of wall missing. Convex body; vertical rim; horizontal loop handle. Blackline, line, band, line, purple band, black line. Black alternating stepped trianglesin handle zone. Handle tip and interiorblack. Profile as 117. Third quarterof the 6th century. Kotyle Fig. 7 KP-943. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 0.052; D. 0.078. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. Decoration is very worn. No added color preserved.Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, p. 298, no. 1624.
119.
Spreading ring foot; convex body; incurving rim; horizontal loop handles.Two glazed rings at center undersideand two circumferencerings.Interiorand exteriorof foot glazed. On body, two lines, band, line, band, two lines. Vertical lines in handle zone. Line just below rim. Handles undecorated. Interior of lip reserved.Remainder glazed. See 116. Third quarterto early fourth quarter of the 6th century. Fig. 7 Kotyle T-2833. North Cemetery, grave 250. H. 0.037; D. 0.056. 10YR 8/3 to 5YR 7/6. Intact. Added purple partly worn off. Corinth XIII, p. 211, no. 250-9, pl. 35. Flaring ring foot; flaring, convex body curves up to nearly vertical rim; horizontal loop handles. Central dot at center of underside. Interior of foot and resting surface glazed. Bottom exteriorof foot reserved,then glazed tojunction with body On body, glazed band, line, purple band. Glazed zigzag in handle zone. Exterior of lip purple. Handle tips and interiorglazed. Last quarterof the 6th century. 120.
Fig. 7 Kotyle KP-941. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 0.044; D. 0.064. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Decoration is very worn. Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, p. 298, no. 1625 (here 122). Flaring ring foot; flaring. convex body curves up to nearly verticalrim; horizontalloop handles. Two black ringsat center of underside.Interiorof foot black.Exteriorof foot and bottom of body red. On body, black line, black band, two black lines, red band. Blackloop-and-dartpattern in handle zone. Handle tips black. Interior of lip reserved;remainderof interiorblack. Shape as 120. A kotyle in Sevres is nearly identical to 121 and 122, and probably by the same hand. See CVA,Sevres 1 [France 13], pl. 14:5. Last quarter of the 6th century. 121.
122.
Kotyle KP-1047. Potters' Quarter, trenchJ deposit. H. 0.043; D. 0.062. 7.5YR 8/4. Small chip missing from rim. Corinth XV, iii, p. 298, no. 1625, pl. 65.
60
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
Broad ring foot; narrow body. Two rings near center of underside.Interior and exteriorof foot black. On body, two black lines, black band, two black lines, red band. Black loop-anddart pattern in handle zone. Handles undecorated. Interior of lip reserved.Remainder black. See 121. Last quarterof the 6th century. Fig. 7, PI. 10, Table 1 Kotyle C-39-160. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). H. 0.054; D. (rim) 0.074. 7.5YR 8/4. Fragmentary.All of foot and complete profile preserved. Handles missing (restored).Bentz 1982, p. 369, no. D6-6.
123.
Flat underside; wide, flat, inner ring foot; low, flaring outer ring foot with slanting inner edge and rounded restingsurface; slightly convex body flares to incurved rim. Two black rings at center of underside.Sides of inner ring foot red, blackhatching on bottom surface. Interior surface of outer foot red. Black hatching on resting surface. Exterior of outer foot red. On body, two black lines, black, red, black bands, black line. Black alternating stepped triangles in handle zone, bordered below and above by black lines. Interior black. Bentz dates this kotyle to the middle of the 6th century or slightlylater, but this date appears to be too early.The overall XIII, p. 210, no. 248-1 (T-1453), profileis close to that of Corinth in a date the late third or fourth quarter of fig. 11, suggesting the 6th century. Fig. 7, P1. 10 Kotyle C-61-259. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,pottery lot 893. H. 0.045; D. (foot) 0.037; D. (rim) 0.059. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. Small fragments missing from base, wall, and rim. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 175, no. 566, pl. 52.
124.
Low, flaring ring foot; wide, flaring body; horizontal loop handles tilted slightly upwards.Black dot and ring at center of underside.Black line halfway to foot, two black circumference lines merging on one side into single thick line. Interior of foot red. Resting surface reserved. Exterior edge of underside of foot and exterior edge of foot black. Red band on exterior of foot. Junction with body reserved. On body, two black lines, wide reserved band, black line, narrow red band, black line, alternating red and black linked buds, red, black lines. Black vertical squiggles in handle zone. Exterior to interior of lip red. Handle tips black. Reserved line on interior below lip, remainder black, with applied red line at top of black zone, applied red line one-third of the way down interiorwall, applied red line at bottom of interior wall. Late 6th century. Kotyle Fig. 7, P1. 10 T-2902. North Cemetery, grave 253. H. 0.034; D. 0.054. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. All preserved decoration is worn black XIII, p. 212, no. 253-1, pl. 35; mentioned with glaze. Corinth Corinth XVIII, i, p. 175, no. 567. Low, flaring ring foot; wide, convex body curves up to nearly vertical rim; horizontal loop handles. Wide ring and central dot on underside. Exterior of foot black. On body, band, line, band, line. Zigzag in handle zone. Line at lip. Handle tips and interior black. Last quarter of the 6th century. 125.
Table 1 Kotyle KP-2443. Potters' Quarter, wall E deposit. PH. 0.112; Est.D. 0.137. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Fragmentary.Part of body and rim preserved. Corinth XV, iii, p. 206, no. 1107, pl. 47. rim. On body, black line, wide reserved Deep body; incurving band, black, red, black lines, alternating red and black linked teardrop-shaped buds, red line, black band. Black vertical squiggles in handle zone. Black line at exterior of rim continuing to interior.Interior black. Last quarterof the 6th century. 126.
Fig. 7 Kotyle CP-611. Deposit 5 (grave 1916-24). H. 0.036; D. (rim)0.059; D. (foot) 0.033. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Intact. Bentz 1982, p. 185, no. A6-2.
127.
Flat disc foot; slightly convex body; horizontal rim; horizontal loop handles. Black circumferenceband and central dot. Exterior of foot black. On body, black line, band, line, red band, black line. Black zigzag in handle zone. Red line at exterior of lip. Handle tips and interior black. Sindos,p. 58, no. 78 is similar. Last quarterof the 6th century,probablylate in that quarter. Kotyle Fig. 7, P1. 10 T-1455. North Cemetery, grave 257. H. 0.080; D. 0.099. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Intact. CorinthXIII, p. 213, no. 257-5, pi. 34.
128.
Flaring ring foot with grooved notch at junction with body; deep, flaring body; slightly incurving rim; horizontal loop handles. Two black rings and dot at center of underside.Black ring near foot. Circumference underside and interior of foot red. Blackline on restingsurface.Exteriorof foot reserved.On body, black line, red band, black line, band, line, red band, black line, band, line. Black teardrop-shapedbuds in handle zone. Handle tips black. Top of lip red. Interior of lip reserved, red band below adjoining black on remainder. Last quarterof the 6th century,probablylate 6th century. 129.
Kotyle Fig. 7 T-2969. North Cemetery, deposit 6. H. 0.057; D. 0.082. 10YR 8/3. Intact. Decoration is worn off, leaving stain. Corinth XIII, p. 302, no. D6-a, pl. 92. Flaringring foot offsetby grooveson underside and atjunction with body; flaring body curves up to nearly vertical rim; horizontal loop handles. Two rings and dot on underside.Interior and exterior of foot glazed. On body, two lines, band, line, band, line, band, line. Alternating stepped triangles in handle zone. Handles and interior glazed. Sindos,pp. 278-279, no. 453, from a context dated ca. 510490, is similar. Late 6th century. 130.
Kotyle Fig. 7, P1. 10 CP-586. Deposit 7 (grave 1916-23). H. 0.065; D. (rim)0.088; D. (foot) 0.056. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from eight fragments. Complete, except for a few small chips from rim and foot. Bentz 1982, pp. 185-186, no. A7-1. Flaring ring foot; body flares to maximum diameter in handle zone; inturned lip; horizontal loop handles. Underside reserved, with two concentric black rings and a dot. Dull black glaze (firedred on interior)on resting surface.Dull black glaze on exterior of foot. On body, two wide black bands, wide red
KOTYLEANDSKYPHOS61 band with narrow black band within it near top, then narrow, wide, narrow black bands. Handle zone reserved, with alternating red and black teardrop-shapedbuds that continue between handle attachments. Dull black glaze on handle tips. Interior black. An example from Athens (P 1341) is similarlydecorated but has a profile that supports a date firmly in the first quarter of the 5th century,and was found in a context dated ca. 480.48 Late 6th century. Fig. 7, P1. 10 Kotyle CP-588. Deposit 6 (grave 1916-14). H. 0.041; D. (rim)0.061; D. (foot) 0.033. 7.5YR 7/4. Intact. Bentz 1982, p. 186, no. A8-1. Flaring disc foot with slightly concave underside; body flares to maximum diameter in handle zone, then turns in slightly to vertical lip; horizontal loop handles. Black circle and dot at center of underside. Resting surface reserved. Exterior of foot black.Junction with body reserved. On body, black line, band, line, red band, black (dilute to brown) line. In handle zone, brown zigzag with line through it near top. Handle tips and interiorblack. Late 6th century. 131.
Fig. 7, P1. 10 Kotyle T-3098. North Cemetery, grave 247. H. 0.042; D. 0.065. 2.5Y 8/2 to 10YR 8/2. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 210, no. 247i, pl. 35. Flaring ring foot with groove on outer surface offset from undersideand exterior of wall by grooves;slightlyconvex body flares to rim; horizontal loop handles. Small ring in center of underside.Wide circumferencering. Resting surfacereserved. Exteriorof foot and lower body black. On body, two blacklines, purpleband, blackline. Blackverticalsquigglesin handle zone. Handle tips black. Interior of lip reserved.Remainder black. Because 132 is similar in profile to 131, it probably dates to the late 6th century. 132.
Fig. 8 Kotyle T-1136. North Cemetery, grave 258. H. 0.039; D. 0.050. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Intact, decoration is worn. Corinth XIII, p. 214, no. 258-1, pl. 34. Flaringdisc foot, offsetfromexteriorof wall by groove; straight, flaring wall curves up to nearly vertical rim; horizontal loop handles. Black ring and dot at center of underside, underside of foot red. Red line at junction of foot and body. On body, black line, band, line, red band, black line. Black blob buds in handle zone. Handle tips and interior black. Late 6th or early 5th century. 133.
Fig. 8 Kotyle C-37-952. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). H. 0.048; D. 0.071. 7.5YR 7/4. Mended and restored in plaster from several fragments. Missing one handle and fragments from base, body, and rim. Campbell 1938, p. 591, no. 123, fig. 15.
134.
Flaring ring foot; slightly convex body flaresto rim; horizontal loop handles. Two black rings at center underside,black band halfway to foot, interior to exterior of foot black. Reserved band at bottom of body, then black line, reservedband, black 48
Vanderpool 1946, p. 329, no. 312, pl. LXVI. See also AgoraXII, p. 390; AgoraXXI, p. 98; AgoraXXIII, pp. 331-332;
band, two black lines, red band, black line. Black alternating stepped trianglesin handle zone (here glaze fired black to red). Handle tips and interior black. Late 6th, perhaps to early 5th century. Fig. 8, P1. 10 Kotyle C-47-182a-b. Deposit 10 (well 1947-1). PH. 0.046; D. 0.068. 2.5Y 8/2. Several sherds mended to two nonjoining fragments preserving part of body, rim, and a handle attachment.
135.
Slightly convex body flares to slightly incurving rim; stump of horizontal loop handle. On body, black band, purple band, black line, band, line. Black teardrop-shapedbuds in handle zone. Black line above. Interior glaze badly worn. Late 6th or early 5th century. P1. 10 Kotyle C-47-181. Deposit 10 (well 1947-1). H. 0.037; D. 0.057. 10YR 8/3. Handles and part of one side missing. Glaze faded from black to dull brown.
136.
Offset, flat base; squat body slopes up to vertical rim; stump of one horizontalloop handle preservedbelow lip. Wide black ring and dot on underside.Wide blackband on foot and lower body, then black line, red band, black line. Black zigzag in handle zone. Black line at exterior of lip. Interior black. Late 6th or early 5th century. Fig. 8, P1. 10 Kotyle C-37-1043. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). P.H. 0.044; D. (foot) 0.036. 7.5YR 7/6 to 5YR 8/4. Two joining fragmentspreserve most of foot and lower body.Lip seems to be preserved but may simply be a very worn smooth break. Campbell 1938, p. 597, no. 125, fig. 15. Center of underside raised; small ring foot; steep body with slightly convex profile. Black circle and dot on center of underside. Foot black, with reservedband along lower edge. On body, black line, band, line, red band, black line, red band. Interiorblack. End of the 6th century or early 5th century. 137.
Fig. 8, P1. 11, Table 1 Kotyle 8 C-37-1063a-c. Deposit (well 1937-3). (a) P.H. 0.055 (ca. true); (b) PH. 0.029; (c) PH. 0.025. 7.5YR 8/4. Three nonjoining fragments. (a) four joining fragments, most of body profile to lip and half of handle. (b) rim fragment. (c) fragment from lower body. Campbell 1938, p. 591, no. 119, fig. 20. Slightlyflaringconvex profile turning in to fine lip. Lowertwothirdsof body glazed, then three black lines, two rows of black dots, black line. Black alternating stepped triangles separated by a zigzag, red line just below lip. Handle tip black. Interiorof lip reserved, red band below partially overlies black glaze on remainderof interior. End of the 6th century or early 5th century. 138.
P1. 11 Kotyle KP-541. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.060; Est.D. 0.080. 7.5YR 8/4. Less than half of rim and body. One handle missing. Mentioned with CorinthXV, iii, p. 186, no. 991.
139.
AgoraXXV, p. 64; AgoraXXX, p. 362.
62
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
Flaring disc foot; incurving rim. Black dot at center of underside. Black ring near foot. Interior of foot and resting surface black. Bottom exterior of foot reserved. Top of foot and lower body black. Black line, red band, black line, band, line on body. Blackverticalwavy lines in handle zone. Exteriorof rim, handle tips, and interior black. Late 6th or early 5th century. 140.
Kotyle KP-723. Potters' Quarter, Circle Deposit. H. 0.047; D. 0.063. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Missing handles and part of rim (restored).Corinth XV, iii, p. 205, no. 1098, pl. 47. Rounded, inner ring foot; flaring,outer ring foot; ratherbroad body. Glazed ring and dot at center of underside (glaze is fired black to orange). Inner half of inner ring foot added red, exterior half of inner ring foot reserved. Interior of outer spreading ring foot and resting surface added red. Bottom exterior edge of outer foot reserved. Remainder of outer foot and junction with body added red. Glazed line, glazed band, red band, glazed band, red line on body. Glazed alternating stepped trianglesseparated by zigzag in handle zone. Exterior of lip red. Interior glazed. Overall profile between 128 and 152. Also similar to 630, but 140 appears to be earlier. Late 6th or early 5th century. 141.
Kotyle Fig. 8 T-1786. North Cemetery, grave 289. H. 0.035; D. 0.052. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Intact. Found upside-down on lekanis. Corinth XIII, p. 226, no. 289-1, pl. 41. Flaringring foot; convex lower wall curvesup to become nearly vertical; horizontal loop handles. Two black rings at center. Blacklines at top and bottom of interiorof foot. Exteriorof foot reserved. On body, black band, black crosshatching(late form of double-dottedband), black band, more black crosshatching, red band, and black line. Black zigzag in handle zone. Black glaze sloppily applied to handles, leaving the tops of them reserved.Interior reserved, except for black line below lip and black circumferencering on floor. First quarterof the 5th century. 142.
Kotyle Fig. 8 T-1675. North Cemetery, grave 285. H. 0.038; D. 0.059. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 225, no. 285-2, pl. 40.
Low ring foot, offset by groove on underside; convex lower body curves up to slightlyflaring rim; horizontal loop handles. Black ring at center of underside, black circumference ring. Exterior of foot to bottom of body black. Black line, band, line, red band, black line on body. Black vertical squiggles in handle zone. Exteriorof lip red. Handles undecorated.Interior black. Grave dated second quarter or middle of the 5th century but 142 probably dates to the first quarter of the 5th century, as the profile is similar to 141. 143.
P1. 11 Kotyle C-37-2466. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). H. 0.040. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/6 (core). Single fragment preserves complete profile, except bottom. One handle preserved.All preserved decoration is dull red glaze. Campbell 1938, p. 591, no. 127, fig. 20. Small, flaring ring foot; slightly convex body; fine lip; hori-
zontal loop handle. Foot and lower body red, then line and band above on body. Zigzag in handle zone borderedby lines. Handle tip and interior glazed. Early 5th century. 144.
P1. 11 Kotyle KP-540. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.053; D. 0.068. 10YR 8/3. Intact. Decoration is very worn. Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, p. 188, no. 999.
Flaring disc foot; flaring, slightly convex body; slightly incurving rim. Traces of black rings on underside. Exterior of foot andjunction with body black. On body, black band, blackline, red band, blackline, band, line, red band. Large dots in handle zone. Exterior of rim red. Handle black. Interior of rim red. Narrow reservedband on interior,then remainderblack. First quarterof the 5th century. 145.
Kotyle Fig. 8 C-39-222. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). H. 0.043; D. (rim) 0.063. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Mended from several fragments. One handle and much of rim missing.
Flaring disc foot; slightly convex body rises to inturned rim; horizontalloop handles. Black circumferencering and central dot. Exterior of foot black. On body, black line, band, line, red band, black line. Black zigzag in handle zone. Black line just below exterior of lip. Handle tips and interior black. First quarterof the 5th century. 146.
Kotyle Fig. 8 T-1760. North Cemetery, grave 287. H. 0.038; D. 0.058. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Intact. CorinthXIII, p. 225, no. 287-2, pl. 40. Double-ring foot; inner ring foot is flat and slopes slightly inward, outer ring foot is rounded;straight,flaringwall curves up to nearly vertical rim; horizontal loop handles. Two black rings and dot at center of underside. Interiorface of inner ring foot red. Two rows unseparatedblack dots on bottom surface, then black, red, blacklines to outer foot. Exteriorof foot black. On body, black line, band, two lines, red band, black line. Black alternating stepped triangles in handle zone. Lip red. Handle tips and interior black. First quarterof the 5th century. 147.
Kotyle Fig. 8 Well 1947-1-2. Deposit 10 (well 1947-1). P.H. 0.030; D. 0.055. 7.5YR 8/4. Three-fourths of rim, including one handle, and two-thirdsof body preserved. Straight-sided,flaring body curves up to vertical rim; horizontal loop handle. Black band, line, red band, blackline on body. Blackteardropsin handle zone. Red line just below lip. Handle tip and interior black. First quarterof the 5th century. 148.
Kotyle Fig. 8 Well 1947-1-1. Deposit 10 (well 1947-1). PH. 0.033; Est.D. 0.050. 7.5YR 8/4. Part of rim and body preserved. Glaze is fired black to brown.
Straight-sided,flaringbody curves up to vertical rim; stump of horizontal loop handle. Black line, band, line, red band, black line on body. Vertical black lines in handle zone. Exterior of rim and interior black. First quarterof the 5th century.
KOTYLE AND SKYPHOS
149.
Kotyle KP-2362. Potters' Quarter, North Road Deposit. Est.H. 0.052; Est.D. 0.060. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 8/4 (core). Fragmentary. Part of base, wall, and rim preserved. Corinth XV iii, p. 179, no. 939, pl. 43. Broad, shallow body; incurved rim. Black alternatingstepped triangles on surface inner ring foot and on resting surface of outer foot. Groove between inner ring foot and outer foot red. Exterior of outer foot black. On body, black, red lines, black alternating reversed lotus-palmette chain with incision and with red on central lotus leaves splashed irregularlyon palmettes, then red line in handle zone. Black broken single maeander.Red line at exterior of lip. Interior black. First quarter of the 5th century. 150.
63
153.
Kotyle Fig. 8 T-1668. North Cemetery, grave 284. H. 0.050; D. 0.068. 10YR 8/3. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 224, no. 284-1, pl. 40.
Convex underside;low, flaring ring foot with concave exterior surface, offset from exterior of wall by groove; flaring body curvesup to nearlyvertical rim; horizontalloop handle. Black, red rings at center of underside,junction of foot and underside red. Resting surface red. Exterior of foot red. On body, black line, band, line, red band, black line. Black zigzag in handle zone. Exterior of lip red. Handle tips black. Interior black, possibly with red lip. Ca. 480-460. 154.
Kotyle KV-544. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.045; D. 0.054. 10YR 8/3. Rim chipped. CorinthXV, iii, p. 187, no. 994, pl. 44.
Fig. 8 Kotyle KP-2363. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. P.H.0.033; D. (base)0.048. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preservespart of foot and wall. Corinth XV, iii, p. 179, no. 938, pl. 43. Double flaringring foot; flaringwall. Small blackring at center of underside.Interiorof inner ring foot black. Blackalternating stepped triangles on surface of inner ring foot and on resting surface. Exterior of inner foot and interior of outer foot red. Black alternating stepped triangles on resting surface of outer ring foot. Exterior of outer foot black. On body, black, red lines, black battlement with short vertical lines inside, black alternating reversed lotus-palmette with central lotus leaves red. Interior black. Shape as 149, as far as preserved. First quarterof the 5th century.
Convex underside;low, flaring ring foot with concave exterior surface, offset from exterior of wall by groove; flaring body curves up to nearly vertical rim; horizontal loop handle. At center of underside, black ring and dot. Black line at top of foot nearjunction with underside, red on remainderof interior of foot. Resting surface reserved. Bottom exterior edge of foot reserved, then black to lower body. Red band, black band on body. In handle zone, black zigzag with apices connected by bars to borders and with dots in each interstice. Exterior of lip red. Handle tips black. Interior of lip reserved, remainder black. Shape as 153. Ca. 480-460.
151.
155.
Body flaresto vertical rim. On body,blackband, blackline, red band, black line, band, line. Black scroll maeander in handle zone. Red line at exterior of lip. Handle tip black. Interior black, with red line at lip. First quarterof the 5th century.
Flaring ring foot; flaring body curves up to nearlyverticalrim; horizontal loop handles. Two widely spaced black rings on underside.Interior and exterior of foot glazed. On body,black line, band, line, red band, blackline. Blackzigzag net in handle zone. Exterior of lip red. Handle tips black. Interiorof lip red, remainderblack. Ca. 480-460.
Kotyle KV-689. Potters' Quarter, Aphrodite Deposit. PH. 0.045; Est.D. (rim)0.070. 7.5YR 8/4. Two joining fragmentsgive profile of most of body to rim. One handle preserved.Base XV, iii, p. 310, no. 1690, pl. 67. missing. Corinth
Fig. 8 Kotyle KP-543. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.069; D. 0.094. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Mended from several fragments. Small fragmentsof body missing.Glaze is fired orange,paint is red. Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, p. 188, no. 998. Flaringring foot with flat restingsurface;flaringwall curvesup to vertical rim; horizontal loop handles. Two glazed rings and dot at center of underside.Glazed ring halfwaybetween center and foot, glazed ringjust inside foot. Interiorof foot added red. Fourglazed lines and one painted line on restingsurface.Exterior of foot painted red.Junction with body reserved. Painted line, two glazed lines, painted line, glazed band, painted line, two glazed lines, painted line, painted band, two glazed lines, painted line, glazed band, glazed line, painted line on body. Alternating glazed and painted linked buds in handle zone. Exterior of lip painted. Handle tips glazed. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder glazed with added red lines at top below lip, mid-body, and at junction with floor. Ca. 500-470. 152.
Kotyle Fig. 8 T-1638. North Cemetery, grave 291. H. 0.041; D. 0.056. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 226, no. 291-2, pl. 41.
156.
Kotyle Fig. 8 T-1678. North Cemetery, grave 288. H. 0.038; D. 0.056. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 226, no. 288-1, pl. 41.
Concave, flaring disc foot; flaring body; nearly vertical rim; horizontalloop handles. Central dot and two black circumference rings on underside. Exterior of foot red. On body, black line, band, two lines, red band, black line. Black teardropshaped buds in handle zone. Exterior of lip red. Handle tips black. Interiorof lip red, reservedline below, remainderblack. Ca. 480-450. 157.
Fig. 8 Kotyle KV-711. Potters' Quarter, possibly Aphrodite Deposit. H. 0.043; D. 0.053. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing one handle and about half of body and rim. Concave disc foot; flaring, slightly convex body; vertical rim; horizontal loop handle slightly downturned at tip. Black ring and dot at center of underside,wide black circumferenceband. Exteriorof foot and bottom one third of body black, then black
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
64
line, red band, blackline on body.Black teardrop-shapedbuds in handle zone. Black line on exterior of lip. Handle tip and interior black. Ca. 480-460. Fig. 8 Kotyle T-1674. North Cemetery, grave 285. H. 0.036; D. 0.055. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 225, no. 285-1, pl. 40.
158.
Flat disc base undercut on circumferenceof underside to create flaring ring foot; flaring wall and rim; two horizontal loop handles. Two black rings at center of underside.Black circumference ring on underside. Exterior of foot black. Black band, line, red band, blackline on body.Black zigzag in handle zone. Exterior of lip red. Handle tips and interior black. Date in the firsthalf of the 5th century is suggestedin Corinth XIII, but the profile appears to date to the second quarter or middle of the 5th century. P1. 11 Kotyle KV-817. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. H. 0.039; D. 0.055. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing one handle and about half of rim.
159.
Double-ring foot; flaring wall; slightly incurving rim; horizontal loop handles. Center of underside reserved,with black dot. Interiorface of inner ring foot black, black alternatingstepped triangleson restingsurface,exteriorface reserved.Interiorface of outer foot red, black alternatingstepped triangleson resting surface, black dots on outer edge, and outer face of outer foot red.Junction with body reserved. On body, black band, black line, red band, blackband, blackline, blackband. Blackzigzag, black line, black zigzag in handle zone. Top of exterior of rim, all of interior,and handle tips black. Related to, but not clearly a member of, the Stele Shrine A Workshop. Second quarter or middle of the 5th century. P1. 11 Kotyle 0.046. D. H. 17 CP-723. Deposit 0.031; (grave 1916-52). 10YR 8/3. Intact. Bentz 1982, p. 243, no. A40-3.
160.
Slightly flaring disc foot; sides nearly straight,with slight convex bulge (poorly made); rim horizontal to slightly inturned. Circumferenceband around undersideof foot. Exteriorof foot black. On body, black band, black line, red band. Traces of black zigzag in handle zone. Handle tips and interior black. Second quarter of the 5th century. Fig. 8 Kotyle C-39-158. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). H. 0.051; D. (rim) 0.073. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/6. Missing fragments of body and chip from rim. Glaze is fired reddish brown, and paint is red. Bentz 1982, p. 370, no. D6-8.
161.
Flaring disc foot with shallow groove between foot and underside; body flares to vertical lip. Glazed central dot on underside. Groove and interior of foot glazed. Exterior of foot and lower body glazed, then glazed line, painted band, glazed line, band, line, zigzag in handle zone. Handles and interiorglazed. Second quarter of the 5th century. 162.
Kotyle KP-532. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.062; D. 0.077. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. CorinthXV, iii, p. 186, no. 991, pl. 44.
Ring foot with rounded resting surface;deep body with nearly straightsides. Blackcircumferencering and central dot on underside.Interiorof foot red. Resting surface reserved.Exterior of foot red.Junction with body reserved.Blackline, band, line, red band, blackline on body. Black vertical squigglesin handle zone. Red line at exterior of lip. Handles black. Top of rim reserved.Interior black. Second quarterof the 5th century. P1. 11 Kotyle KP-533. Potters'Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. 0.056; D. (rim) 0.075. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended and restored in plaster from severalfragments.Partsof rim and body missing.Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, p. 188, no. 999 (here 207).
163.
Low, spreadingring foot; nearly straight,flaring sides; slightly incurving rim. Black circumference ring, black circle and dot at center of underside.Interiorof foot red. Blackline on resting surface.Exterior of foot red.Junction with body reserved.On body,blackline, band, line, applied red band, blackline, band, line, applied red line below handles. Black teardrop-shaped buds in handle zone. Red line just below lip. Handle tips black. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder black. Second quarterof the 5th century. 164.
Kotyle KP-535. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.056; D. 0.074. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended and restored in plaster from several fragments. One handle and part of rim missing. XV iii, p. 188, no. 999 (here 207). Mentioned with Corinth Concavediscfoot; scrapedgroove atjunction with body; nearly straight, flaring body; slightly incurving rim. Widely spaced black ring and dot on underside. Interior of foot and resting surface red. Bottom exterior of foot reserved. Top of foot and lower body black. Narrow black band, red band, narrowblack band on upper body. Triangular black buds in handle zone. Handle tips and top of lip black. Interior of lip reserved,with red line at top. Remainder black. Second quarterof the 5th century. P1. 11 Kotyle T-2984. North Cemetery, grave 333. H. 0.040; D. 0.049. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Glaze is fired red, red paint. Corinth XIII, p. 241, no. 333-1, pl. 50; IFAR11.6, p. 25, no. 866. Concave disc foot; slightly convex body (more convex near base); incurving rim. Glazed central dot and wide circumference ring on underside. Exterior of foot glazed. Glazed line, band, line, painted band, glazed line on body. Glazed zigzag in handle zone. Exterior of lip painted. Handles glazed. Interior of lip reserved,remainder glazed. Ca. 470-450. 165.
Fig. 9 Kotyle KP-536. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.054; D. 0.075. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Mended. Severalsmallfragments missing. Corinth XV, iii, p. 187, no. 992, pl. 44. Low ring foot; broad body; horizontalloop handles. Two black rings on underside. Interior of foot black. Exterior of foot and lower body coveredwith wide blackband. Blackline, red band, black line, band, line on body. Black broken single maeander, running right to left, in handle zone. Exterior of rim, handle tips, and interior black. Probablymiddle of the 5th century. 166.
65
KOTYLE AND SKYPHOS
166
173
172
170
176 174
197
182
205
204
206
FIG. 9. Kotylai and skyphoi 167.
Kotyle L-75-38-2. ForumSouthwest, pottery lot 75-38. P.H. 0.019; Est.D. 0.060. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment. Flaring upper body; slightly incurvingrim. Purple band, black line, black zigzag, then purple to top of rim. High zigzag, touching the purple band above but not the black line below. Interior black. Around or just after the middle of the 5th century. 168.
Kotyle KP-2432a-c. Potters' Quarter, North Road Deposit. P.H. (rim) 0.050; Est.D. 0.120. 7.5YR 7/6 to 8/4. Three fragments of rim and wall. CorinthXV, iii, p. 297, no. 1623, pl. 65. Straightwall flaresto slightlyincurvingrim. On body,reserved band, black, red, black lines, black spiral and chevron band, red, black, red lines. Black vertical squiggles in handle zone. Red line at top of interior of lip, narrow reservedband below, remainderblack. Second or third quarter of the 5th century. P1. 11 Kotyle C-34-1174. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). PH. 0.032. 7.5YR 8/4. Two joining fragments of body. Pease 1937, p. 286.
169.
Flaringbody.Blackband, blackline, red band, blackline, black band. Interior glazed black. Ca. 460-420. 170.
Kotyle Fig. 9, P1. 11 C-34-1008. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. 0.045; D. (foot) 0.032; Est.D. (lip)0.060. 7.5YR 8/5 to 7/4; 5YR 7/6 (core). Complete profile, all of foot, most of body and lip (though much of lip chipped), stumps of one handle. Glaze is fired red to black, purplish red paint. Pease 1937, p. 284, fig. 20.
Flaring,false ring foot, with groove on undersideto definefoot; deep, flaring convex body, maximum diameter at fine lip; two horizontal loop handles. Reserved underside, resting surface glazed red. Exteriorof foot and lower body glazed, then glazed line, painted band, glazed line, glazed band. Glazed vertical squiggles in handle zone. Handle and interior glazed. Ca. 460-420. 171.
P1. 12 Kotyle C-34-1158a-b. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). (a) PH. 0.048; (b) P.H. 0.032; Est.D. (rim) 0.140. 7.5YR 7/4 to 8/4. Two nonjoining rim fragments, one with handle stump. Pease 1937, p. 283, fig. 21.
66
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
Steep body, as far as preserved;fine verticallip. On body,black linked lotus buds, red, black lines. Black vertical squiggles in handle zone, red line at exterior of lip. Narrow reservedband on interior below lip, remainder black. Ca. 460-420.
Flaring,slightlyconvex body curves up to flaringrim; horizontal loop handle. Black band, line, red band, black line, band, line on body. Black horizontal zigzag in handle zone. Top of rim, handle tip, and interior black. Late 5th century.
Kotyle Fig. 9, P1. 12 C-64-318. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.045; Est.D. 0.070. 10YR 8/3 to 5YR 7/6. Five fragments mended to preserve two nonjoining fragments of rim and upper wall. Pemberton 1970, p. 299, no. 129, pl. 74. Slightly convex body rises to straight flaring rim; stump of horizontal loop handle. On body, wide glazed area (firedblack to brownishred), black line, red band, black line. Thumbprint preservedon the red painted band.49Blackteardropsin handle zone. Handle black, as far as preserved. Interior black. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410.
177.
172.
Fig. 9, P1. 12 Kotyle C-64-317. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1).M.PD. 0.049.10YR 8/3. Single fragmentpreservespart of upper body and rim. Pemberton 1970, p. 289, no. 61, pl. 71. Straightwall flares to rim. Enclosed horizontal palmettes running left to right (top of one, volutes of another) on body, then black, red, black lines. Black vertical squiggles in handle zone. Lip red. Interior black. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 173.
174.
Fig. 9, P1. 12 Kotyle KV-396. Potters' Quarter, Shrine of the Double Stele. H. 0.038; D. 0.058. 10YR 8/3. Mended from four fragments. One-third of rim and body missing. Concave disc foot; convex body flares to rim. Large black dot and red ring on underside. Resting surface to bottom of body black, then red line, band of black elongated dots, red line, black band, red line. Black zigzag in handle zone, with dots between top points of zigzag. Handle tips and interior black. Second half of the 5th century, probably later rather than earlier. 175.
Kotyle KV-1294. Potters' Quarter, Shrine of the Double Stele. H. 0.031; D. 0.048. 10YR 8/3. Mended from three fragments. Missing one handle and most of underside. CorinthXV, iii, p. 311, no. 1716, pl. 67. Ring foot; flaring body; horizontal loop handle(s). Black, red rings on underside. Interior of foot reserved. Resting surface and exterior of foot black. On body, black line, wide reserved band with widely spaced black vertical lines, narrow black band, red line. Widely spaced black vertical lines in handle zone. Black line at lip. Handle tips and interior black. Second half of the 5th century, probably later rather than earlier. Kotyle Fig. 9 L-73-69-7. Lechaion Road East, pottery lot 73-69. PH. 0.042; Est.D. (rim)0.070. 10YR 8/3. Single fragment.Most of wall, rim, and one handle.
176.
49
I thank Karen Soteriou for drawing this to my attention.
Kotyle KP-2431. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. PH. 0.050. 10YR 8/3 to 2.5Y 8/2. Rim fragment. Glaze is mostlyworn off, leaving brown stain. CorinthXV, iii, p. 179, no. 936, pl. 43; Pemberton 1970, p. 282.
Ivy with curved stems and heart-shaped leaves. Two lines, vertical zigzag, line. Interior black. Last quarter of the 5th century or perhaps slightlylater. 178.
Kotyle KP-353. Potters' Quarter, Shrine of the Double Stele. PH. 0.046; D. (rim) 0.070. 7.5YR 8/3 to 10YR 8/3. Fragmentary. About half of body and rim preserved. One handle XV iii, pp. 214-215, no. 1153, pl. 48. missing. Corinth
Flaring body; proportionatelywide rim; horizontal loop handle. On body,blackline, wide reservedband, blackline, widely spaced blackbuds, blackline. Blackbattlement in handle zone. Top of rim, handle tip(s),and interior black. First half of the 4th century? 179.
Kotyle KP-225. Potters' Quarter,TerracottaFactory,deposit 2. H. 0.070; D. (rim)varies0.074-0.082. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Intact but misshapen. All preserveddecoration is glaze fired black to red. Corinth XV, iii, p. 212, no. 1128, pl. 48. Narrow, slightly profiled foot; bottom slightly hollow, with raised disc in center; body flares out to proportionatelywide rim. Resting surfaceglazed. Exterior of foot glazed. Top of foot and lower body reserved.Wide band. Widely spaced elongated buds (some reduced to verticallines). Wide, narrowbands, line. Short vertical lines in handle zone. Tops of handle tips and interior glazed. See 180. Second half of the 4th century. 180.
P1. 12 Kotyle KP-698. Potters'Quarter,TerracottaFactory,deposit 2. H. 0.070; D. 0.082. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Intact. Glaze fired red to black. Mentioned with CorinthXV, iii, p. 212, no. 1128 (here 179). High disc foot, with raised boss at center of underside; body flares to proportionatelywide rim. Glazed circumferencering on underside. Exterior of foot glazed. Glazed band on lower body. Wide reserved band with elongated, widely spaced teardrop-shapedbuds. Glazed band, two pairsof closelyspaced red painted lines, glazed vertical lines in handle zone. Handles and interior glazed. See 179. Second half of the 4th century.
KOTYLEANDSKYPHOS
67
LARGE KOTYLE
Some kotylai are so large that they may have functioned as bowls rather than as drinking vessels. These kotylai show a departure from the canonical decorative scheme and carry motifs other than simple lines and bands on their bodies. A number, and they are widely distributed, are lotus kotylai.50 Several large lotus kotylai, nearly identical in size, shape, and decoration were found in deposit 1 (well 1947-4), and date in the middle or third quarter of the 6th century.51 All are ray based, with alternating black and purple linked buds on the handle zone, dotted net patterns in the handle zone, and eight-pointed on either side of each handle. 184 from the Potters' Quarter is similar alternating with buds in the upper body zone. 126 and the other examples in the Potters' Quarter are smaller than similar kotylai from deposit 1, and
upper body below the dotted stars in panels but has incised lotuses from the wall E deposit their profiles appear to
be later.52 124 is an even smaller version. 186, a rim fragment from Stele Shrine A, bearing an ivy vine, appears to be the latest of
the large Conventionalizing kotylai from the Corinth excavations. Some small kotylai show that a tradition of putting floral motifs on the body continues. Examples include 173 from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1), 178 from the Shrine of the Double Stele, and the vases from the so-called Mastos and Molded Ring Workshops (see below, pp. 140-141, 151-152). 181.
P1. 12 Large kotyle C-39-287a-f. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). (a) M.P.D. 0.105 (rim and handle); (b) M.PD. 0.155 (large body fragment); (c) M.P.D. 0.130 (small body fragment); (d) M.P.D. 0.085 (small rim fragment);(e) M.P.D. 0.060 (smallrim fragment); (f) M.PD. 0.077 (small body fragment). 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Numerous small fragmentspreservepart of rim, one handle, and some of body. Bentz 1982, p. 366.
Flaring, slightly convex wall; tapered lip. On body, long thin black rays, two black lines, purple band, black line, band, line, purple band, two black lines, wide reserved band, two purple lines, wide reserved band, purple line, black two-row checkerboard bordered by black line below and purple line above, black line. Black eight-pointed stars in handle-zone panels.Two blacklines at exteriorof lip. Interiorof lip reserved, then two purple bands. Remainder black, with traces of two purple lines at mid-wall on interior. Late "White Style." Middle to third quarter of the 6th century. 182.
Large kotyle Fig. 9, P1. 12 C-37-943. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). H. 0.165; D. (rim)0.212; D. (foot)0.121. 2.5Y 7/2 to 10YR 7.5/3. Complete profile, many joining fragments preserving most of foot, body, and rim.One handleand stumpofsecond preserved.Mended and restored in plaster. Campbell 1938, p. 591, no. 117, fig. 18. Flaring ring foot with flat underside; flaring, slightly convex walls; tapered lip; horizontal loop handles. Three black rings on underside. Black band on interior of foot and on exterior of foot. Tall, thin, black rays on bottom half of body, then three narrow black bands, alternating red, black linked lotus buds, three black bands. Black vertical zigzags in handle zone. Exterior of lip and handle tips black. Interior black, with two narrow red bands at lip. Similar to Andreiomenou 199 la, p. 40, and to vases of the BK Workshop.See pp. 142-145 below. Profile indicates date in the third quarterof the 6th century. o0 CorinthXV, iii, p. 172; Bentz 1982, pp. 28-31;
Necro-
corinthia, p. 334, no. 1516 (Thebes); Butt 1977, pp. 304, 311, no. 14, pl. 68 (Ayia Irini); MegaraHyblaeaII, p. 70, pl. 58, 3;
183.
P1. 12 Large kotyle C-37-1062. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). PH. 0.077; Est.D. (lip) 0.220. 10YR 8/3. Four joining fragments preserve part of upper body to lip, about one-eighth of circumference. Campbell 1938, p. 591, no. 118, fig. 20. Nearly vertical wall, turning in abruptly to fine lip. On body, alternatingpurple, black linked lotus buds, purple, blacklines. Blackverticalsquigglesin handle zone. Purple, red lines on lip. Interiorglazed reddishbrown, with two reservedlines and two added purple bands below lip, two additional added purple bands near bottom of fragment. See 182. Third quarter of the 6th century. 184.
Large kotyle KP-1217. Potters'Quarter,miscellaneousfinds (trenchS5). PH. 0.125; Est.D. 0.190. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Mended from several fragments. Part of wall and rim preserved. Corinth XV, iii, p. 173, no. 903, pl. 41; Benson 1983, p. 324. Deep body; slightly incurved rim. Wide reserved area at bottom, then blackline, purple band, blackline, band, line, blackfigured linked lotus and bud chain, with added purple on bud and lotus centers. Purple, black lines, black "pomegranate" dotted net pattern, with purple spots at top of each "pomegranate" in handle zone. Handle panels bordered by three vertical lines on either side and decorated with dotted crosses. Two purple lines at rim. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder black, with added purple line at top and two at mid-body. Benson attributesto the same workshopas his "BKPainter." See pp. 142, 145 below. Third quarterof the 6th century. 185.
Large kotyle KP-2435a-e. Potters' Quarter, North Road Deposit. PH. 0.080; Est.D. 0.160. 7.5YR 8/4. Eight fragments (some joining) of upper body, rim, and one handle (morepreserved
TocraII, pp. 8, 13, nos. 1895, 1896, pl. 7. 51 BK Workshop,pp. 142-145, 614-621. 52 See Corinth XV, iii, p. 206, discussion of no. 1107 (126).
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
68
than reportedin Corinth XV, iii). Corinth XV, iii, pp. 172-173, no. 899, pl. 41. Flaring,slightly convex body; slightly incurving rim. On body, black band, with added purple line at top, two black lines. Alternating lotus-palmette chain in handle zone, with lotus leaves defined by incision, and central lotus leaves purple. Type 1 palmettes resemble stepped triangles. Interior of lip reserved,remainderblack. Later 6th or early 5th century.
186.
Table 1 Large kotyle KP-1905. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. M.P.D. 0.055; Est.D. 0.160. 7.5YR 7/4 to 8/4. Single fragmentpreserves rim. Corinth XV, iii, p. 188, no. 1001, pl. 108. Slightly incurving rim. Ivy vine with large heart-shapedleaves attached to main stem. Interior unpainted. First half of the 5th century,probably first quarter.
MINIATURE KOTYLE
Very small miniatures, which often have string-cut bases, are extremely difficult to date. A few
general observations can be made. During most of the 6th century, miniatures are low, broad, and convex. They are dark in appearance, with black and sometimes red or purple bands on the body. The handle zone may be decorated only with thick vertical lines (which continue on miniature Conventionalizingkotylai and skyphoi throughout their production).53In the late 6th century, the walls become higher and straighter,and this becomes the miniature form of the 5th century. The appearance of the vase is still dark in the first half of the 5th century.54This type continues through the 5th century and perhaps into the early 4th century.55Around the middle or third quarterof the 5th century,however,some examples become lower and are lighter in appearance.The wall remains straightand flaring.The verticallines that typically decorate the handle zone tend to be wider apart than in earlier periods. The body is often decorated with one or two thick black horizontal lines ratherthan carefulbanding.56Some 4th-century examples have no decoration on the bodies at all, merely a few bars in the handle zone. 187.
Miniature kotyle
189.
T-1564. North Cemetery, grave 180. H. 0.025; D. 0.048. 5Y 8/2. Intact. Decoration is worn. CorinthXIII, p. 194, no. 180-3, pl. 27. Flat discfoot; convexbody.Ring and dot at center of underside. Exteriorof foot glazed. On body, line, band, line. Thick vertical lines in handle zone. Line at exterior of rim. Handles glazed. Interior of rim reserved, remainder glazed. Second quarter of the 6th century. 188.
Miniature kotyle
P1. 13
C-47-650. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.035; D. (lip)0.047. 7.5YR 8/4. Part of handle and rim missing. Flat-bottomeddisc foot; convex body flaresto vertical lip; horizontal loop handles. Underside reserved.Wide black band at junction between foot and body. On body, four black bands, mergingin places. Blackverticalsquigglesin handle zone. Handles undecorated. Interior of lip reserved.Remainder black. Second quarter of the 6th century.
53 TocraII, pp. 9, 14. Boardman divides these miniatures into "type 1," with a wheel-turned base, and "type 2," with a wire-cut base. Decorative differencesnoted by Boardmanmay be a function of kotyle size rather than base form. 54
TocraII, pp. 9, 14, type 4.
55 Miller 1975, pp. 160-161, pl. 38:g (P55). 56 If this sort of miniature kotyle corresponds with Tocra II, type 3, pp. 9 and 14, then it may appear by the early
Miniature kotyle
P1. 13
C-47-651. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.032; Est.D. 0.025. 10YR 8/3. Most of one side missing.All decoration is black glaze. Concave disc foot; convex body flares to slightly inturned lip; horizontal loop handle(s).Underside reserved.Wide black band at junction of foot and body. Two lines, band, two lines on body. Black vertical squiggles in handle zone. Exterior of lip black. Handle undecorated. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder black. First half of the 6th century. 190.
Miniature kotyle P1. 13 C-47-657. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.036; Est.D. (lip) 0.051. 10YR 8/2. About half preserved. Handles missing, but one attachment preserved.
Concave disc foot; body flares to slightly inturned rim. Three concentric black rings evenly spaced over field of underside. Exteriorof foot added purple. Narrow reservedband at bottom of body. On body black, purple, black lines, black band with added purple line near top. Handle zone reserved. Black line just below lip. Interior black. Probablysecond quarter of the 6th century. 5th century as TocraII, no. 1939, which was found in Level 6. Neither of the type 3 miniaturekotylai discussedby Boardman, however, is illustratedin the Tocra excavation reports, and it is not clear from the descriptionswhether these have convex or straight walls. The earliest context at Corinth for a straightwalled miniature kotyle with lines on the body and widely spaced bars on the rim is deposit 12 in the North Cemetery. See Corinth XIII, p. 303, no. 12-e (T-1377), pl. 53.
KOTYLEANDSKYPHOS69 191.
Miniature kotyle
P1. 13
C-53-150. Deposit 3 (well 1953-1). PH. 0.036; Est.D. 0.066 (ca. true). 7.5YR 8/4. Two joining fragmentspreservepart of body, rim, and one handle. Brann 1956, p. 364, no. 48f, pl. 53. Low,flaring,slightly convex body; slightlyincurvingrim; horizontal loop handle. On body,thin closely spaced blackraysrun into black line above, then purple band, sloppy black doubledotted band, black band, line. Black vertical lines in handle zone. Exteriorof lip black.Handle undecorated.Interiorblack. Second quarter of the 6th century. 192.
Miniature kotyle
P1. 13
C-47-653. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.035; D. (lip)0.047. 10YR 8/2. Fragmentof rim missing. Flat-bottomeddisc foot; convex body flaresto verticallip; horizontal loop handles. Underside and exterior of foot reserved. Wide black band at junction of foot and body. Three black lines, black band on body. Black vertical squiggles in handle zone. Exterior of lip black. Handles undecorated. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder glazed. Late second quarter or middle of the 6th century. 193.
Miniature kotyle
P1. 13
C-39-220. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). H. 0.029; D. (rim) 0.047. 10YR 8/3. One handle broken. Large piece missing from rim. Decoration is very worn. Bentz 1982, pp. 418419, no. D6-126. Flaring ring foot; convex body; horizontal loop handles. Exterior of foot black. Black line on lower body, then traces of band and second line. Zigzag in handle zone. Two lines below rim. Line at junction of wall and floor. First half or perhaps into third quarterof the 6th century. 194.
Miniature kotyle
P1. 13
C-39-219. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). H. 0.020; D. (rim) 0.040. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from three fragments. Nearly complete. Two chips missing from rim. Bentz 1982, p. 418, no. D6-125. Flat, slightly raised foot; low convex body; slightly inturned rim; horizontal loop handles. Black circumferencering on underside. Exteriorof foot black. Three brownishblackbands on body.Blackverticalbars in handle zone. Handles undecorated. Interior black. 6th century. 195.
Miniature kotyle
P1. 13
C-37-950. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). H. 0.025; D. (foot)0.021; D. (rim) 0.033. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Campbell 1938, p. 591, no. 120, fig. 15. Flaring disc foot with small depression in middle of bottom; steep, convex body; fine lip; horizontal loop handles. Black circumference band, two black circles and central dot. Foot black. Red, black bands, black line, band, line on body. Black verticalsquigglesin handle zone. Handle tips and interiorblack. Probablylate 6th century. 196.
Miniature kotyle
P1. 13
C-37-2465. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). PH. 0.015. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment, part of foot and lower body. Campbell 1938, p. 591, no. 126, fig. 20. Small, flaring ring foot; narrow resting surface;flat underside;
flaring body. Two red circumferencelines on underside. Interior and exterior of foot black. Red line at base of body, then black stepped triangles. Second half of the 6th century or early 5th century, by context. Too little is preservedto narrow the date furtherfrom the profile. 197.
Miniature kotyle
198.
Miniature kotyle
Fig. 9 Peribolos of L-3521-2. Apollo, pottery lot 3521. P.H. 0.012; Est.D. (foot) 0.045. 7.5YR 7/4. Single fragment preserves foot and part of wall. Low ring foot with concave exterior profile. Purple line near center of underside, then two purple circumferencelines. Foot black over all, including resting surface.Exterior of foot black. Reservedline decorated with black dots at junction with body, purple line at bottom of wall, then black alternating stepped triangles.Interior black. Probablysecond half of the 6th century. P1. 13
L-75-241-3. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, pottery lot 75-241. P.H. 0.031. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves profile of most of body to rim. All decoration is black glaze. Slightly convex body; slightly incurving rim. Reserved band with alternating stepped triangles at bottom. Remainder of exterior black. Interior black. Later 6th to early 5th century. 199.
Miniature kotyle
P1. 13
C-39-218. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). H. 0.025; D. (rim) 0.034. 10YR 8/3. Fivejoining fragments.Nearly complete. One handle broken. Bentz 1982, p. 419. Disc foot; concave underside with raised central boss; nearly straight body flares to vertical, slightly inturned rim. Black ring on central boss. Black circumferencering.Exteriorof foot reserved, with single black line. On body, black band, black line, red band, black line. Black zigzag in handle zone. Black line on exterior of lip. Handle tips and interior black. First half of the 5th century. Miniature kotyle P1. 13, Table 1 C-1982-49. Pottery lot 1982-88. H. 0.027; D. (foot) 0.020; D. (rim) 0.033. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Mended from seven fragments. Missing one handle and half of lip and body. Williams and Zervos 1983, p. 6, no. 17, pl. 4. Flaring ring foot with central boss on underside;body flaresto maximum diameter,turns in slightly to verticallip; horizontal loop handle(s).Raised boss and interior of foot black. Resting surface reserved. Black from exterior of foot to lower quarter of body, then black line, red band, black line. Black zigzag in handle zone. Exterior of lip, handle tips, and interiorblack. First half of the 5th century. 200.
Miniature kotyle P1. 13 KV-724. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.029; D. 0.039. 10YR 8/3. Mended from two fragments.Small chips in rim.
201.
Disc base; straight, flaring sides; incurving rim. Underside's black circumferenceband continuing onto exteriorof foot and r of foot and lower body black. Black line, lowe body. Exterior red band, black line on body. Black zigzag in handle zone. Handle tips and interior black. Second or possibly third quarter of the 5th century.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
70 202.
Miniature kotyle
KV-1146. Potters' Quarter, Terracotta Factory, deposit 5. H. 0.028; D. 0.042. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XV, iii, p. 311, no. 1706, pl. 67. String-cut bottom; low, flaring body; horizontal handles. Underside glazed. Glazed vertical bars in handle zone and on handles. Interior glazed. 4th century,probably second half.
203.
Miniature kotyle
KV-1147. Potters' Quarter, Terracotta Factory,deposit 5. H. 0.019; D. 0.029. 7.5 YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/6. Poorly made but intact. Corinth XV, iii, p. 311, no. 1705, pl. 67. String-cutbottom; low, flaring body; horizontal handles. Underside glazed. Glazed vertical bars in handle zone. Interior black. 4th century,probably second half.
SKYPHOS
Conventionalizing skyphoi first appear at Corinth in the last quarter of the 6th century.57 The shape is more commonly black-glazed than Conventionalizing, and skyphoi do not seem to have been produced at all Conventionalizing workshops. The wall and rim profiles of Conventionalizing skyphoi follow the same development as those of kotylai. Because skyphoi were never a popular Conventionalizing shape in comparison to kotylai, it is difficult tojudge if they, like kotylai, become even less common by the end of the 5th century. The latest examples are virtually indistinguishable from kotylai, as the two types of feet merge into one. Fig. 9, P1. 14 Skyphos C-39-297. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). H. 0.045; D. (base) 0.042. 10YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. Complete profile, except center of underside, with half of base, two-thirds of body, and about one-fourth of rim preserved. Bentz 1982, p. 370, no. D6-9.
204.
Slightly flaring, concave disc foot; slightly convex body rises to slightly inturned rim. Resting surface and circumferenceof underside decorated with black band, red line inside. Bottom exterior of foot reserved, top black. Junction with body reserved. Wide black band, two black lines, red band, black line on body. Black alternating stepped triangles in handle zone. Bottom of handle and interior black. Late 6th or first quarter of the 5th century. Fig. 9 Skyphos T-716. North Cemetery, grave 353. H. 0.047; D. 0.066. 10YR 8/3. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 249, no. 353-2, pl. 55.
205.
Disc base with wide groove on circumference of underside, exterior of base rounded and grooved; flaring wall and rim; two horizontal loop handles. Two black rings and dot on underside. Exterior of foot black. On body, black band, black line, red band, black line. In handle zone, black broken single maeander,left to right. Exteriorof lip, handle tips, and interior black. Middle or third quarter of the 5th century.
Fig. 9 Skyphos L-1980-173-1. Potters'Quarter,TerracottaFactory,pottery lot 1980-173. H. 0.041; D. 0.062. 10YR 8/3. Mended from three fragments.All of base, one-third of body, one-third of rim, and one handle preserved. Raised disc at center of underside,slight torus ring foot, convex wall, fine lip, horizontal loop handle(s). Black circumference ring on raised disc on underside. Resting surface and exterior of foot black, continuing as black band on lower body, then blackline, red band. Blackbuds in handle zone. Possibletraces of black on handle tips. Interior black. Several others, identical in shape, size, and decoration, in lot. Middle to third quarter of the 5th century. 206.
207.
Skyphos KP-1543. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.051; D. 0.061. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Intact. CorinthXV, iii, p. 188, no. 999, pl. 44. Torus ring foot, convex wall, nearly vertical rim, horizontal loop handles. Black ring at center of underside. Black circumference ring. Interior of foot and resting surface red. Bottom half of exterior of foot reserved, with black line. Top half of foot to lower body red, then red, black bands, blackline above. Black teardrop-shapedbuds in handle zone. Exterior of rim red. Handle tips and interior black. Middle to third quarter of the 5th century.
MINIATURE SKYPHOS
See the discussion of miniature kotylai, p. 68 above. Miniature skyphos P1. 14 CP-2145. Deposit 13 (grave 1954-16). H. 0.033; D. (foot) 0.020; D. (rim) 0.042. 10YR 8/3 to 8/4. Intact, except for small part of upper body and rim. Worn, with black glaze, red paint, and dilute glaze fired reddish brown. Eliot and Eliot 1968, p. 357, no. 26, pl. 104.
208.
57 Bentz 1982, p. 24.
Falsetorusring foot; deep, rounded body; fine lip; two horizontal loop handles. Underside black, except for reservedcentral circle. Exterior of foot and lower body black, then reserved band, dilute line, red band, dilute line. Black vertical zigzag in handle zone. Handle tips and interior black. Ca. 480-470.
KALATHISKOS
Miniature skyphos P1. 14 C-1982-50. East of Theater, pottery lot 1982-88. H. 0.028; D. (foot) 0.024; D. (rim) 0.041. 7.5YR 7/4 to 10YR 8/4. Intact. Williams and Zervos 1983, p. 6, no. 18, pl. 4. Disc foot; center of underside raised; body flares slightly from foot; tapered vertical lip; two horizontal loop handles. Two smallholes in body.Underside black, with reservedring around central dot. Foot and lower half of body black. Black line, red band, blackline on upper body.Black teardrop-shapedbuds in handle zone. Black line at lip. Handle tips and interiorblack. First half or middle of the 5th century. 209.
210.
Miniature skyphos
P1. 14
C-1982-51. East of Theater, pottery lot 1982-88. H. 0.028; D. (foot) 0.024; D. (rim) 0.041. 7.5YR 7/4 to 10YR 8/3. Mended from two fragments. Small chip from lip and half of one handle missing. Williams and Zervos 1983, p. 6, no. 19, pl. 4. Disc foot; center of underside raised; body flares slighty from foot; tapered vertical lip; horizontal loop handles. Underside black, with reserved ring around central dot. Exterior of foot and lower half of body black. Black line, red band, black line on upper body. Black teardrop-shapedbuds in handle zone. Handle tips and interior black. See 209. First half or middle of the 5th century. 211.
Miniature skyphos
P1. 14
KV-764. Potters' Quarter,Aphrodite Deposit. H. 0.028; D. 0.040. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Very small disc foot; body flaresout to vertical rim. Circumference of foot to bottom half of exterior wall black. Black line, red band, black line on upper body. Black zigzag in handle zone. Handles and interior black. First half to middle of the 5th century. 212.
Miniature skyphos
P1. 14, Table 1
KV-765. Potters' Quarter,Aphrodite Deposit. H. 0.030; D. 0.039. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Very small disc foot; body flares out to vertical rim. Black circumference band continuing to bottom third of exterior body, then black line, red band, black line. Black zigzag in handle zone. Black line at exterior of lip. Handles and interior black. First half to middle of the 5th century.
71
213.
Miniature skyphos T-1806. North Cemetery, grave 334. H. 0.028; D. 0.037. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Mended but complete. CorinthXIII, p. 242, no. 334-1, pl. 49.
Flat base with nearlyvertical exteriorprofile;flaringbody; vertical rim; two horizontalloop handles. Blackring on underside. Exterior of foot reserved. On body, black band, black line, red band, black line. Black, closely spaced zigzag in handle zone. Handle tips and interior black. Late second quarter of the 5th century. Miniature skyphos T-1809. North Cemetery, grave 334. H. 0.025; D. 0.040. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 242, no. 334-2, pl. 49.
214.
Flat base with nearly vertical exterior profile; flaring body; vertical rim; two horizontal loop handles. Wide black circumference ring on underside.Wide black band at bottom of wall, then black line, red band, black line. Black teardrop-shaped buds in handle zone. Exterior of lip, handle tips, and interior black. 209 and 210 are similar. Late second quarter of the 5th century. 215.
Miniature skyphos
P1. 14
C-34-1010. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. 0.028; D. (foot) 0.017; D. (rim)0.038. 7.5YR 8/2 to 10YR 8/3. Fivejoining fragmentspreservecomplete profile. Over one-half of body, one handle, and stumps of second preserved. Pease 1937, p. 284, fig. 20. Disc foot; steep straight sides; fine lip; horizontal loop handles. Underside undecorated. Foot and lower body black, then black band, black line, red band. Black vertical bars in handle zone bordered below and above by black lines. Handles undecorated. Interior of lip reserved, remainderblack. 460-420. Shape may suggest a date earlierratherthan later in that range. 216.
Miniature skyphos
P1. 14
C-34-1009. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. 0.014; D. (foot) 0.020; D. (rim)0.035. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/6. Intact, except for small part of upper body and lip. All decoration is glaze fired red. Pease 1937, p. 284, fig. 20. Low broad shape;flat bottom; shallow,flaringbody turnsup to vertical lip. Underside red. Two bands on body. Vertical bars in handle zone. Handles undecorated. Interior red. Context dated ca. 460-420; this is probably not one of the earliestpieces from the deposit.
KALATHISKOS The largest number by far of kalathiskoi found in the Corinth excavations are from the Demeter sanctuary. Examples of these basket-shaped vessels have also been found in the Potters' Quarter, the Forum area, and the Vrysoula Deposit. Pemberton divided the kalathiskoi found in the Demeter sanctuary into four chronological groups, the first three of which are Conventionalizing.58 Type 1 was introduced during the Late Protocorinthian period and continues through the middle of the 6th century. It is flat-bottomed and has a concave wall, with articulated handles. Handles are usually loop or lug handles, but reflex handles also occur, as on 217. Bands decorate the 58 Corinth XVIII, i, pp. 19-25. The typology given here is Pemberton's.See also CorVP,p. 462.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
72
interiorwall and floor as well as the exteriorwall. Sometimes concentric circles are painted on the resting surface. When decoration occurs in the handle zone (or above or below it), it consists
of sigmas, zetas, buds, dots, or vertical squiggles alternating with dot rosettes. Added purple is often used. Type 2 appears by the mid 6th century and seems to terminate by the end of the 6th century.
The lower body is now beveled, as seen for example on 219 and 224. Banding is still found on the interior wall and floor but not on the resting surface. Decorative motifs include stepped triangles,
zigzags, and pomegranates. Added purple or reddish brown paint is used. Type 3 was introduced around the end of the 6th century and continued to the earlier 4th
century. The resting surface and bevel are reserved. At the top of the bevel or directly above it is a black band, and above that and below the handle zone is a red band. The handle zone is decorated with sigmas, zetas, zigzags, or maeanders. On the upper wall and rim are one or
two black bands, as seen on 228. There is a black band on the interiorjust below the lip. Early examples have bands on the interiorwall and floor.Red or brown paint is applied directlyonto the clay. Late-5th- and 4th-century examples may have rounded bevels and either a sharp contraction of the wall or a loss of concavity. The minimum diameter is under the rim, and the rim may not be offset from the wall, as it is on earlier examples. 217.
Kalathiskos
Fig. 10 KV-551. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 0.043; D. 0.067. 7.5YR 8/4. A few small chips missing from rim, otherwise intact. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 22.
Slightly concave bottom rounds up to sharply concave body; small reflex handles at mid-body;flaring,thickened rim; vertical, slightlyconcave lip. Red, black, red lines at bottom of wall. Black line below handles, handles red, red line above handles, bottom and exteriorof rim red. Red band on interiorjust below lip, then black band. Black band on interior of mid-wall, black band on floor. Type 1. First half of the 6th century. 218.
Kalathiskos
P1. 14
KP-1329. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.044; D. XVIII, i, p. 23. (rim)0.081. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth Flat bottom turns sharply (no bevel) to concave body; flaring rim. On body, red, black lines, red band, black, red lines, black vertical squiggles in handle zone, red, black lines, red band, black, red lines, flat lip red. Red band on interior of rim, then black line, red band, two black lines, red band at mid-body. Black, red circumference bands on floor, black, red rings at center. Type 1. Earlier than deposit, perhaps rather from South Long Building. First half or middle of the 6th century. Kalathiskos
Fig. 10, Table 1 KV-628. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 0.044; D. 0.064. 10YR 8/3. Intact. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 22.
219.
Round bottom curves up to rounded bevel; concave body with small horizontal loop handles at mid-body; flaring rim with flat lip. Narrow black, red bands between bevel and handle zone. Four groups of three black zetas each in handle zone. Black band. Exterior of rim reserved. Lip added red. Narrow black bands on interior below rim, black band at mid-body. Two black circumferencelines on floor. Type 2. Middle or third quarter of the 6th century.
220.
Kalathiskos
P1. 14, Table 1 C-61-163. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,pottery lot 871. H. 0.045; D. 0.071. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Large fragment missing from rim, otherwise intact. Glaze is fired orange, red paint. Stroud 1965, p. 15, pl. 4:f. Concave bottom; low bevel; concave wall; wide, overhanging rim with pointed lip. Underside reserved.Above bevel, glazed line, painted band, glazed line, glazed short wavy horizontal zigzags, two glazed lines, wide reserved area. On exterior of rim, red line, short vertical glazed bars, red line. Glazed line on interior of rim below lip, glazed line at junction with floor. Type 2. Middle or third quarter of the 6th century. 221. Kalathiskos
P1. 14
C-39-236. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). H. 0.043; D. (base) 0.052; Est.D. (rim)0.070. 5YR 7/6 to 10YR 8/3. Mended from six fragments and partly restored in plaster. Most of base and lower body and one vestigiallug handle preserved. Most of rim and upper body missing.Full profilepreserved. Black glaze is fired black orange in some places. Flat bottom; low sharp bevel; concave sides. Underside reserved. Red band on bevel, two black lines. In handle zone, groups of five black vertical squiggles each, then red and black bands, lip red from exterior to interior.Black band on interior below lip. Glazed band at bottom of body (firedred). Glazed ring at center of floor (firedred). Type 2. Middle or second half of the 6th century. 222.
Kalathiskos
P1. 15
C-61-162. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,pottery lot 871. H. 0.041; D. 0.066. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing large chip from side and rim. All preserveddecoration is glaze fired reddish XVIII, i, p. 172, no. 538. orange. Corinth Slightly concave underside; sharp bevel; concave wall; flaring, outward-thickenedrim; no handles. Underside reserved. Above bevel, two lines, widely spaced groups of three vertical squiggles each, two lines, then reserved to rim. Top of rim
KALATHISKOS
73
217
219
223
224
230
232
233
234
240
241
243
244
250
FIG. 10. Kalathiskoi glazed, with possible traces of added paint. Line on interior below rim, line on floor at midpoint from center. Type 2. Second half of the 6th century. Kalathiskos Fig. 10, P1. 14 C-47-168. Deposit 10 (well 1947-1). H. 0.042; D. 0.072. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from five fragments. Missing a few smallfragmentsfrom base and rim. All preserveddecoration is glaze fired red.
223.
Slightly concave bottom flares up to low, sharp bevel; vertical sides; flaring rim; no handles. Underside reserved. On body, two wide bands, line, three horizontal zigzags separated by spaces, two lines, top of lip glazed, two lines on interior below rim, two lines on lower interior wall, wide band on floor. Top of lip glazed. Two lines on interior below rim. Two lines on lower body. Wide band on floor. Type 2. Last quarter of the 6th century. 224.
Kalathiskos
Fig. 10 KV-643. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.041; D. 0.064. 7.5YR 8/4. Rim chipped, otherwise intact.
Flat bottom; low, sharp bevel; slightlyconcave body with small lug handles; slightly flaring rim offset by groove on exterior; flat lip. Above bevel, two black lines, red band, two blacklines. Large black dots in handle zone, then black line, red band. Top of rim to interior of lip black, with red line on top of lip. Black band on interior below rim, black band on floor. Type 2. Last quarter of the 6th century.
225.
Kalathiskos
P1. 15
C-65-580. Deposit 15 (pit 1965-2). H. 0.046; D. 0.037. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 85-86, no. 38, fig. 5, pl. 6. Slightly concave resting surface; high bevel; concave body; pointed lip; two small handles at mid-wall. Black, red, black bands on lower body, wide reservedband at and above handle zone, two narrowblack bands below rim. Rim red. Blackband on interior of upper wall, black band on floor. Pemberton identifies 225 as probably transitionalbetween Type 2 and Type 3, and dates it to the beginning of the 5th century. 226.
Kalathiskos
P1. 15
C-65-583. Deposit 11 (pit 1965-3). H. 0.058; D. (base) 0.038. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Missingpart of wall and rim. ComXVIII, i, p. 88, no. 55, pl. 8. plete profile preserved. Corinth Narrow,falseringfoot; bevel;, concavesideswith lug handlesat mid-wall;wide, flaring rim with peaked lip. Blackband on and above bevel, then black line, red band, black line, elongated black buds, black line and band on exterior.Underside of rim reserved. Black band on lip and another on the interior wall below the rim. As Pembertonnotes, the decoration is Type 3, but the shape is still Type 2. This might suggest an early-5th-centurydate, XVIII, iii, although according to Bookidis and Stroud (Corinth p. 164), this was one of several pots put in when the deposit was sealed, shortly after ca. 450.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
74 227.
Kalathiskos
P1. 15
C-65-584. Deposit 11 (pit 1965-3). H. 0.040; D. (base) 0.031; D. (rim)0.052. 10YR 8/3 to 5YR 7/6. Intact. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 88, no. 56, pl. 8; Corinth XVIII, iii, p. 164. Flat resting surface; beveled lower wall; concave upper wall without handles; flaring rim with peaked lip. On body, black band, line, red band, reserved band. Rim black. Two black lines on upper interior of wall and one at mid-wall. As Pembertonnotes, the decoration is Type 2, but the shape is Type 3. This might suggest an early-5th-centurydate, but see discussion of 226 above. 228.
Kalathiskos
P1. 15
C-65-124. Deposit 15 (pit 1965-2). H. 0.093; D. 0.099. 10YR 8/3. Mended and restored in plaster from many XVIII, i, p. 85, no. 35, fig. 5, pl. 6. fragments. Corinth for the Unusuallylarge shape. Slightly concave base; wide bevhorizontal concave el; applied handles; heavy rim. On body; body, black band, two black lines, red band, two black lines, black net-dot pattern with central row of dots red, two black lines, black, red, red bands below rim, bottom of outwardthickened rim reserved. Red, red, black lines on rim. Black band on interiorbelow rim, black band at center of wall, black band on floor. One of the latest examples of the net-dot pattern. Added red is used ratherthan added purple. The execution of the pattern is somewhat sloppy in comparison to 6th-century examples. Very early Type 3, dated by Pemberton to the first quarter of the 5th century. 229.
Kalathiskos
KP-2023. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. H. 0.063; Est.D. 0.080. 2.5Y 8/2 to 10YR 8/3. About one-third preserved. Center of floor missing, otherwise full profile. Glaze is fired XV, iii, p. 308, no. 1683, pls. 66, 120. red, red paint. Corinth Flat bottom; sharp bevel; concave body; flaring rim. Glazed band on bevel, glazed line, painted band, glazed line, glazed right to left closed single maeander,glazed line, painted band, glazed line, glazed band to just below lip, painted band to top of lip. Glazed line on interior of lip, glazed line below lip, glazed line at mid-wall, glazed circumferenceline on floor. Early Type 3. Stillwell and Benson suggested a late-6th-century date, but the best parallels in the Demeter sanctuary are dated to the first half of the 5th century.See CorinthXVIII, i, p. 88, no. 57 (C-65-586), fig. 5, pl. 8; p. 173, no. 543 (C-61-156), fig. 5, pl. 51. Fig. 10 C-39-306. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). PH. 0.047; Est.D. (rim) 0.060. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing most of base and part of rim and wall. Mended and restoredin plaster from many fragments. High, sharp bevel; concave wall; flaring, outward-thickened rim; no handles preserved.Black band on bevel, blackline, red band, black zigzag, black line, black band to interior lip, and black band on interior below bevel. Early Type 3. Similar to CorinthXVIII, i, p. 88, no. 58 (C-65-585), pl. 8. First half of the 5th century. 230.
Kalathiskos
231.
Kalathiskos
P1. 15, Table 1
KV-642. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.044; D. 0.052. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. Some
fragments missing from body and rim. CorinthXVIII, i, p. 23. Flat bottom; low bevel; slightly concave body; flaring, thickened rim; upturnedlip. Black band above bevel, blackline, red band, black line, black zetas in handle zone, black line, black band to interior of lip. Black band on interior below lip. Early Type 3, similar to CorinthXVIII, i, p. 88, no. 57 (C-65-586), pl. 8. Probablyfirst quarter of the 5th century. Fig. 10 KV-650. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.051; D. 0.062. 7.5YR 8/4. Large fragment missing from rim.
232.
Kalathiskos
Flat bottom; high, sharp bevel; concave body with lug handles; flaringrim;flat lip. Above bevel, two blacklines, red band, two blacklines. Black zigzag in handle zone, three blacklines, wide reserved band, top of rim red. Two black lines on interior of rim, black line at mid-body, narrow black band at junction with floor. Early Type 3. Probablyfirst quarter of the 5th century. Fig. 10 PH. lot 6362. L-6362-5. Forum Central I, pottery 0.034; Est.D. 0.066. 7.5YR 7/4. Single fragment preservespart of body and rim. Glaze is fired red, red paint. Concave body with small lug handle; flaring, thickened rim offset by exterior ridge. On body, painted band, glazed zigzag, glazed band to top of exterior of rim. Glazed band on interior of rim. Type 3. Second quarter or middle of the 5th century. 233.
Kalathiskos
Kalathiskos Fig. 10 KV-641. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.027; D. 0.031. 10YR 8/3. Intact.
234.
Flat, slightlyraised base curves concavely to low, rounded bevel; concave body with small lug handles at mid-body; flaring rim; upturned lip. Wide black band above bevel, red band in handle zone, black band to interiorof lip. Blackline on interior below lip. Black line near top of interior wall. Type 3. Second or third quarter of the 5th century. 235.
Kalathiskos
P1. 15
C-34-1007. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. 0.056; D. 0.051; Est.D. (rim) 0.075. 5YR 7/6. Fourjoining fragments preserve full profile. Missing half of upper body and rim. Glaze is fired red, red paint. Pease 1937, p. 285, fig. 20. Slightly concave bottom; body flaring to sharp bevel, then rising in concave profile to inturned rim; fine lip; vestigial lug handle(s)at mid-body.Underside and bottom of body reserved. Glazed line at and above bevel, then glazed line, painted band, glazed line, glazed zigzag in handle zone, glazed line, glazed band to top of exterior of lip. Glazed band on interior of rim below lip. Glazed circumferenceline on floor. Type 3. Ca. 460-420. 236.
Kalathiskos
PI. 15, Table 1
C-64-278. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.040; D. (base) 0.054. 10YR 8/3. Single fragment preservespart of
KALATHISKOS
base and wall. Pemberton 1970, p. 299, no. 124, pl. 74; Corinth XVIII, i, p. 23, note 51. rounded Low, bevel; concave body; vestigial lug handle. Underside reserved. Above bevel, black, red bands, black line, zigzag, band. Interior reserved. Type 3. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the Vrysoula Workshop. Ca. 450-410. 237.
Kalathiskos
KV-379. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine. H. 0.050; D. 0.059. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing fragment from rim. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 23. XV, iii, p. 340, no. 2091, pl. 74; Corinth Flat bottom; sharp bevel; concave body with small pinched lug handles; flaring, thickened rim; downturned lip. Above bevel, black, red, black bands, black zetas in handle zone, black, red, black bands. Top of rim black. Red, black lines at junction of interior of rim and wall. Type 3. Slightlylater than 236 but not as late as 247. Second half of the 5th century. 238.
Kalathiskos
P1. 15
KV-1256bis. Potters' Quarter, Circular South Shrine. H. 0.039; D. 0.051. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Intact. Flat bottom; high, sharp bevel; concave body; flaring, thickened rim. Black band on bevel, blackline, red band, blackline. Black two-barhook maeander in handle zone. Blackline, band to top of rim. Black line on interior below lip. Type 3. Shape close to 237. Second half of the 5th century. Kalathiskos P1. 15, Table 1 KV-1257. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine.H. 0.045; D. 0.055. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 23.
239.
Flat, slightlyraised bottom; low, rounded bevel; concave body; small lug handles; flaring, outward-thickenedrim. Black band above bevel, then black line, red band, black line, black net zigzag in handle zone, black line, band to top of exterior of rim. Two black lines on interior of rim. Type 3. Slightly later than 236 but probably not as late as 247. Second half of the 5th century. Fig. 10 KV-647. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.043; D. 0.055. 10YR 8/3. Mended from two fragments.Half of rim
240.
Kalathiskos
missing. Flat bottom; sharp bevel; concave body turns sharplyto flaring rim; upturned lip. Above bevel, black, red bands, black zigzag, black band, exterior of rim to interior of lip black. Type 3. Second half of the 5th century,probably third quarter. 241.
Kalathiskos
Fig. 10
KV-649. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.044; D. 0.060. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Intact. Flat bottom; rounded bevel; concave body; small lug handles; flaring,thickened rim with groove on underside;upturned lip. Wide black band on and above bevel, red band, black line, black zigzag in handle zone, red band, wide black band from
75
underside rim to interior of lip. Black band on interior rim below lip. Type 3. Second half of the 5th century,probably third quarter. 242.
Kalathiskos
KV-556. Potters'Quarter,Stele ShrineA. H. 0.045; D. 0.048. 10YR 8/3. Intact. CorinthXV, iii, p. 340, no. 2088, pl. 74. Slightly concave underside; high, sharp bevel; concave body; flaring rim; upturned lip. Black band just above bevel, then blackline, red band, black line. Black two-bar hook maeander just below handles, black line in handle zone and across handles, black band to top of rim. Black line on interior at bottom of rim, black band on floor. Type 3. Shape similar to 243. Second half of the 5th century,probably third quarter. 243.
Kalathiskos
Fig. 10
L-75-45-1. Forum Southwest, pottery lot 75-45. H. 0.035; D. 0.052. 10YR 8/3. About one-third preserved, including full profile. Flat bottom; high bevel; concave body; small triangularhandle at mid-body;flaring, thickened rim; upturned lip. Black band on bevel, then red band, black line in handle zone just below center of handle, then wide black band to interior of lip. Type 3. Second half of the 5th century. Kalathiskos Fig. 10, P1. 15 C-73-217. Lechaion Road East, pottery lot 73-69. H. 0.035; D. (base) 0.031; D. (rim) 0.047. 10YR 8/3. Mended from two fragments.Missing part of wall, rim, and center of base. Full profile. Flat bottom, beveled to concave wall; flaring, beveled rim. Blackline at bevel, then black band, two blacklines, red band, black line, black band. Lip red. Black line on interior below rim, black circumferenceband. Type 3. Late 5th century or slightly earlier. 244.
245.
Kalathiskos
P1. 15
C-61-395. Deposit 24 (pit 1961-2). H. 0.044; D. 0.059. 7.5YR 7/4. Intact. All decoration is glaze fired red. Stroud XVIII, i, p. 90, no. 69; Corinth 1965, pp. 6-7, pl. 2:c; Corinth XVIII, iii, p. 162. Slightly concave underside;sharp bevel; slightly concave wall; two small lug handles; flaring, thickened rim. Underside reserved. Band at and above bevel, line, band, line, zetas in handle zone, line, then band to top of lip. Two lines on interior below lip. Type 3. Pemberton dates 245 to the late 5th century. Kalathiskos P1. 15, Table 1 C-61-396. Deposit 24 (pit 1961-2). H. 0.044; D. 0.052. 2.5Y 8/2 to 8/4. Intact. Stroud 1965, pp. 6-7; Corinth XVIII, i, XVIII, iii, p. 162. p. 90, no. 70, fig. 5, pl. 9; Corinth Verylow bevel; straightsides slope in; two vestigiallug handles. On body, red band, black line, band, line, black zigzag, black line, then black band to interior of lip. Type 3. Pemberton dates 246 to the late 5th century. 246.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
76 247.
Kalathiskos
KV-376. Potters'Quarter,RectangularSouth Pit. H. 0.048; D. 0.061. 10YR 8/3. Mended and restored in plaster from several fragments. One-fourth of rim and upper body and one handle missing. Corinth XV, iii, p. 340, no. 2089, pl. 74; Corinth XVIII, i, p. 23. Slightly concave underside;high bevel; concave body; flaring, thickenedrim offsetby shallowgroovejust below exteriorof lip. Black band on bevel, black line, red band, black line, zigzag, line, band to top of rim. Black line on interiorof rim below lip. Type 3. Slightly earlier than 248. Late 5th century. 248.
Kalathiskos
P1. 15
C-37-196. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). PH. 0.043; D. (base) 0.029; D. (bevel) 0.047. 7.5YR 8/4. Five joining fragments preserve half of bottom and sides and one vestigial lug handle. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 23, note 54. Slightly concave bottom flares up to rounded bevel, then rises in concave profile, as far as preserved. Underside reserved. Black band on bevel, red band, black line, black zigzag, black line, blackband, as far as preserved.Interiorreserved,as far as preserved. Type 3. Pemberton suggests a date in the early 4th century for 248. 249.
Kalathiskos
P1. 16
C-61-281. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,pottery lot 897. H. 0.046; D. 0.052. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Chip missing from XVIII, i, p. 173, no. 545, pl. 51. rim, otherwiseintact. Corinth
Slightly concave underside; high bevel; concave body; small lug handles; flaring, thickened rim pointed at both edges of vertical face. Underside reserved. Black band on and above bevel, black line, red band, black line, zetas, line, black to top of interior of lip. Black band on interior of rim below lip. Type 3. First half of the 4th century, probably somewhat early, as Pembertonsuggests. Kalathiskos Fig. 10 KV-1071. Potters' Quarter, Terracotta Factory, possibly deposit 8. H. 0.026; D. 0.037. 7.5YR 8/4. One-third of rim and part of body missing.No handles preserved. Flat bottom; bottom of exterior concave to sharp bevel; concave body; flaring rim with rounded lip. From above bevel to just below exterior of lip black, red, black bands. Interior of lip red. Late Type 3. 4th century,perhaps early. 250.
251.
Kalathiskos P1. 16, Table 1 C-65-590. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,potterylot 2249. H. 0.039-0.041; D. (base) 0.030-0.032; D. (rim) 0.0520.055. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. CorinthXVIII, i, p. 95, no. 100, pl. 13. Flat resting surface; rounded bevel; concave body; flaring, vertical rim; two pinched band handles. Black band on bevel, red band, black zigzag in handle zone, red band, blackband to interior of lip. Black band on interior of upper wall. Very late Type 3. Middle or second half of the 4th century.
KYLIX Amyx rightly notes that the kylix produced in pre-Conventionalizing periods "seems not to have lasted into LC II."59 The kylix, not a common Conventionalizing shape, does reemerge in the 5th century. Most examples are certainly products of the Sam Wide Group.60 The few examples that cannot be assigned with certainty to the Sam Wide Group are so close to the Widean vases in shape and in decorative program that they must surely be related to and contemporary with the Sam Wide Group. Both stemmed and stemless types occur, and all are small. Examples are catalogued below in Chapter 5. PHIALE The typical Conventionalizing phiale is round bottomed. In the 6th century the round-bottomed phiale has a high convex profile with a continuous curve, a rounded lip, a continuous curve from the floor to the omphalos, and an omphalos, which is rounded on the top.61 256, probably from the middle or third quarter of the 6th century, has a buttonlike omphalos, undercut at the junction with the floor. The overall profile of 258 is similar to that of 256, but the upper wall and rim are thickened, foreshadowing 5th-century developments in the shape. In the 5th century, the most noticeable change is in the rim. 260 from Stele Shrine A still has the high wall curving into a fine lip seen in 6th-century forms, but the rim is now slightly incurving. During the 5th century, the lip begins to project outward, and the wall becomes lower 59 60
CorVP,p. 463. See 675-698.
61 At this point, the shape has changed little since its introduction at Corinth. See CorVP,pp. 464-465.
77
PHIALE
with time. The junction between the bottom and the wall becomes sharper and no longer exhibits a single continuous sweeping curve.62 262, 263, and 264 have thickened rims. The first two examples have decoration similar to that of the kotylai with double-ring feet from Stele Shrine A and should date in the first half of the 5th century. The squared trimming of 263 is similar to that used for the inner ring feet of these kotylai as well. A new rim form appears in the mid 5th century. It is outward thickened, incurving, and offset on the exterior (see 267). This becomes the typical rim of the second half of the 5th century. The omphalos may be flat on top. The wall continues to become lower, and the bottom becomes nearly flat, as on 270 and 272. 274 and 275 show that the curve of the vessel becomes more continuous in the latter part of the 5th century. At the end of the 5th century and in the early 4th century, the interior rim profile is vertical, and there is a sharp curve below, as illustrated by 278 and 279. 280, from deposit 31 (well 1975-4), is perhaps the latest of the full-sized Conventionalizing phialai found at Corinth. The shape is low and broad, with a thickened vertical rim. The floor is quite thick, and the omphalos is nearly flat on top. Miniatures are still found in the Terracotta Factory deposits, which may be somewhat later. Flanged phialai are uncommon but do occur, suggesting that phialai were sometimes lidded. 276 is a deep, round-bodied phiale with a sharp exterior flange, while 277 is a shallow phiale with a nearly flat, slightly rounded bottom and a rounded external flange. A third phiale shape, the flat-bottomed phiale, is exclusively a miniature form.63 The base is cut with a wire or string and is sometimes offset from the body by a false foot. The wall profiles generally follow the same development as those of the round-bottomed phiale. All three phiale shapes carry the same types of decoration. Simple banding is most common, but many carry more complex motifs, such as maeanders, buds, and stepped triangles. 253 has a dotted rim, but it is in the 5th century that the dotted rim becomes typical of round-bodied phialai.64 From the mid 5th century on, virtually every Conventionalizing phiale has a dotted rim. Floral motifs, such as ivy vines and palmettes, are particularly favored at this time as well. Figured decoration is only occasionally found. For examples, see 272 and 277, both from the Demeter sanctuary. Fig. 11 T-3038. North Cemetery,grave 187. H. 0.018; D. 0.050. 5Y 8/1 to 8/2. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 196, no. 187-2, pl. 29.
252.
Phiale
Rounded bottom, with shallow, conical depression at center curving up to vertical rim; low, rounded omphalos at center of floor; trimming markson exterior.Two black lines on exterior of wall. On interior,black, red lines, blackzigzag, blackdoubledotted band separated by black, red, black lines, four groups of three vertical lines each, black line, reserved ring around omphalos, omphalos black on sides and red on top. Second quarter of the 6th century. 253.
Phiale
P1. 16
C-53-209. Deposit 3 (well 1953-1). H. 0.019; D. 0.083. 10YR 8/3. Mended from many fragments;a few fragments missing. Brann 1956, p. 363, no. 45, pl. 56. Low, open shape; small omphalos, with conical depression underneath. Two black lines on exterior wall, exterior of rim black. Black dots on interior of rim, then three evenly
62 Pemberton (CorinthXVIII, i, p. 33, note 83) has pointed out the similaritiesbetween the profiles of 5th-century Corinthian phialai and unglazed bowls. 63 But see Pemberton's comments on "miniature"phialai: Corinth XVIII, i, p. 33.
spaced black bands to floor. On floor, purple, black, purple, black, black, black, bands, top of omphalos purple. Ca. 600-540. Phiale Fig. 11 C-74-167. Temple Hill west road, pottery lot 74-141. H. 0.021; D. 0.070. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended. Fourjoining and one nonjoining fragments.One-third missing.
254.
Rounded bottom, depressed at center, curves up to slightly outward-thickenedrim, rounded on top; small omphalos at center of floor. Black, purple lines below exterior of rim. Top of rim purple. On interior,purple, black lines below rim, wide reserved band. On floor, two black lines, purple band, black line. Wide black ring and large dot on omphalos. Shape as 253. First half or middle of the 6th century. 255.
Phiale
KV-1049. Potters' Quarter, trenchJ deposit. H. 0.025; D. 0.077. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments;nearly XV, iii, p. 306, no. 1671, pls. 66, 120. complete. Corinth 64 A Corinthianizingexample from Akraiphia(Andreiomenou 1980, pp. 121-122, no. 12, pl. 6:5) is also early, though probably not so early as suggested there.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
78
a_
258
256
254
252
:
~261
260 FIG. 11. Phialai with plain rims Rounded bottom, with small depressionat center of underside; deep body; plain rim; small omphalos at center of floor. Black band and red band on exterior below lip; red dots on top of lip. On interior below lip, black band, red band, black band; black, red, black rings around omphalos; omphalos black with its top reserved. 6th century. Phiale Fig. 11, P. 16 C-47-704. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.024; Est.D. 0.075. 5YR 7/6. One-third preserved, including full profile. Red paint and brown dilute glaze. Bentz 1982, p. 337, no. D3-98. Rounded bottom, with central conical depression curving up to plain rim; trimmingmarkson exterior;low button omphalos at center of floor. Underside and exterior reserved. Interior of rim red, glazed band immediately below, then wide reserved band. Brown, brown, red lines at bottom body. Two brown lines around omphalos. Three red rings and central dot on omphalos. Probablymiddle or third quarter of the 6th century. 256.
257.
Phiale
P1. 16
C-47-703. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). M.PD. 0.021. 7.5YR 8/4 to 8/2. Omphalos and half of floor preserved. Glaze is fired black to brown, purple paint. Bentz 1982, p. 337, no. D3-99, pl. 33. Conical depression at underside; rounded bottom; low, wide, rounded omphalos on floor. Underside reserved. On floor, net pattern created by dilute zigzag, with points connected by elongated black ovals to the purple lines bordering the zone and between them, crossesintersectingtowardcenter of zigzag, five purple lines. Center of floor and omphalos purple, with reservedring on omphalos. Third quarter of the 6th century. Fig. 11 C-39-226. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). H. 0.024; D. 0.092. 7.5YR 7/4. Missing half of rim. Bentz 1982, p. 416, no. D6-119.
258.
Phiale
Rounded bottom, with depression at center of underside, curves up to slightly outward-thickenedrim, which is rounded on top; trimming marks on exterior surface; two suspension holes in rim; omphalos at center of floor. Underside reserved. Black band below exterior of rim. Alternating red, black elongated blob dots on rim. Black band on interior of rim, then
dilute line, wide reservedband. Red line, black band, red line around omphalos. Side of omphalos red, three black rings on top. Second half of the 6th century. 259.
Phiale
KP-134. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds (trench S5). H. 0.042; D 0.125. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Intact. Glaze is fired black to red, purple paint. CorinthXV, iii, p. 306, no. 1673, pl. 66; IFAR11.6, p. 27, no. 889. Roundedbottom, with centraldepression;deep body; outwardthickened, flat-edged rim; small, rounded omphalos at center of floor.Exteriorof bottom and body reserved.Top of rim purple. On interior, glazed line, band, line, purple band, glazed band, wide reservedband. On floor, three glazed lines, glazed band, center of floor and side of omphalos glazed, two purple rings on top of omphalos. Shape similar to 258. They are probably contemporary. Second half of the 6th century. Fig. 11 KP-551. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.038; Est.D. 0.105. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3 (surface);5YR 7/3 to 7.5YR 6/4 (core).Missing most of omphalos and slightlymore than half of body. Corinth XV, iii, p. 196, no. 1037, pl. 45. Central depression at underside; deep body with convex sides; thin rim; two small suspensionholes at one side of rim. Narrow black band on exterior of rim. On interior of rim, black line, purple band, black line, then black upward-pointingtriangles rest on black line, black band, purple line, worn traces of three lines to break. First quarter of the 5th century. 260.
Phiale
Fig. 11 KP-1629. Potters' Quarter, North Road deposit. H. 0.023; D. 0.109. 7.5YR 8/4. Fourjoining fragmentspreserveabout half of rim and one-third of body and floor. Corinth XV, iii, p. 178, no. 931, pl. 42. Deep body; plain, vertical rim. Black band below exterior of rim. Blackdots on rim. Black band on interior below rim. Red, black lines, alternating red and black linked buds, black line, band, line, red band, as far as preserved. First quarter of the 5th century. 261.
Phiale
79
PHIALE
263
262
-:
267
264
_~
273
274
272
270
277
276
275
278
fc-^ 279 280 FIG.12. Phialai with offset or flanged rims Fig. 12 KP-2570. Potters' Quarter, Shrine of the Double Stele. H. 0.032; Est.D. (ca. true) 0.128. 7.5YR 8/2 to 10YR 8/3. Mended from severalfragments,about half preserved. Center of top of omphalos missing; otherwise, full profile XV, iii, p. 215, no. 1158, pl. 48. preserved. Corinth Rounded bottom, with deep, conical depression at center of underside; flat-topped rim slopes inward and projects on exterior and interior; shallow groove on floor around high, rounded omphalos. Three wide black rings around central depression on underside. Black band on exterior below rim. Largeblack dots on top of rim, interiorof rim red, then narrow red band, single black dot rosette preserved in reservedband, blackline, red band atjunction with floor.On floor,large black double-dotted band separated by black lines, red band, black line, squares, line. On omphalos, red band, three black lines to break. First half of the 5th century. 262.
Phiale
Fig. 12 L-75-240-1. Pottery lot 75-240. H. 0.0175; Est.D. 0.068. 10YR 8/3. Two joining fragmentsgive full profile. Rounded depression at center of underside surrounded by 263.
Phiale
low, narrow ring foot; two shallow grooves at junction of foot and body; low, rounded body offset from rim by groove, then flat, projecting ridge; flat-topped, inward-thickened,inwardsloping rim; groove, then ridge around rounded omphalos. Undersideofomphalos black, with centralreservedcircle.Red, blacklines in grooves, then red, blacklines, wide reservedband, red line below groove at rim, groove black, top of rim red, black line below interior of rim, then black line, red band, blackline, black band, black line, red band at center of floor continuing to top of ridge, junction of ridge and omphalos black, three black rings on omphalos. Context suggests a date no later than ca. 475. Phiale Fig. 12, P1. 16 C-1978-139. Forum Southwest, pottery lot 1978-98. Est.D. 0.120; M.P.D. 0.092. 7.5YR 7/4. Six joining fragments mended, preservingabout one-fourthof rim and wall. Glaze is fired black to brown, reddish brown paint. Exterior undecorated.
264.
Hemispherical wall rises to vertical, outward-thickenedrim flat on top. Top of rim red, interior of rim reserved,then black band, red line, then black inward-pointing hearts with three lines extendinginwardfrombases of heartsand restingon black outline triangles between hearts. Inside triangles, smaller red
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
80
hearts on sticks,with one black dot to either side of each stick. Red line below, then two dilute black lines to break. Ca. 460 or a bit earlier. 265.
Phiale
KP-1628. Potters'Quarter,RoadDeposit. P.H.0.020; M.P.D. 0.099.5YR8/4to 7/6. Missingrimandfragmentsfrombody. Mended from severalfragments.All preserveddecoration is XV, iii, p. 185, no. 985, pl. 44. glaze firedred to black. Corinth Rounded bottom with low, conical depression at center; omphalos shaped like the knobs of some lids, with concave sides and low, conical top. Exterior reserved, as far as preserved. Line, band, line to junction with floor. Heart-shaped leaves point to center and are separated above and below by short vertical lines, then two lines, band continuing to top of knob shaft, three rings on top of knob. For another use of hearts in decoration, see 264. Third quarter of the 5th century. 266.
Phiale
P1. 16
CP-2029. Isthmos Cemetery,from tombs discoveredduring railroadconstruction.The tomb groupswere not kept separate. H. 0.029; D. 0.111. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Mended from four fragments. Missing one-fourth of rim and part of wall and floor. Rounded bottom with conical depression at center; outwardthickened rim; button omphalos. Underside reserved. Black band on exteriorbelow rim. Blackdots on top of rim. Interiorof lip reserved,then black, red, black bands, two black lines, very small black alternating stepped triangles,,two black lines, red band adjoiningtwo blacklines. Red band on side of omphalos. Two black rings on top of omphalos. Mid 5th century. Phiale Fig. 12 L-72-98-4. Sacred Spring Central, pottery lot 72-98. PH. 0.031; Est.D. 0.150. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Two fragments preservepart of rim and floor.
267.
Rounded body; incurving rim offset by groove on exterior; trimmingmarkson exterior.Blackband at top of body and into groove, black blob dots on exterior of rim. Traces of banding on interior but entirely worn. Mid 5th century. 268.
Phiale
C-34-1159. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). PH. 0.037; Est.D. 0.120. 7.5YR 7/4. Seven fragments mended to form three nonjoiningfragmentspreservingpart of rim and body.Pease 1937, p. 287, no. 120, fig. 21. Rounded body; outward-thickenedrim. Narrow red band below rim. Exterior and top of rim black. On interiorbelow rim, black line, red band, black line. Ca. 460-420. 269.
Phiale
P1. 16
C-34-1162. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). PH. 0.015 (ca. true); Est.D. (lip) 0.060. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Single fragment preserves edge of foot, part of body and rim. Glaze is fired red, red paint. All exterior decoration is glaze. Pease 1937, p. 287, no. 121, fig. 20. Shallow, convex profile; oblique, thickened rim. Underside reserved. Rays, band, linked buds, band on exterior of lip.
Glazed dots on interior of lip, painted band. On floor, glazed line, unlinkedType 2 palmetteswith outline calyx, line, painted band. Ca. 460-420. Phiale Fig. 12 L-1980-159-1. Potters' Quarter, Erosa Shrine, pottery lot 1980-159. PH. 0.028; Est.D. (rim) 0.120. mended to preserve part of rim and floor. Glaze is fired black to red, red paint. Rounded bottom curves up to outward-thickened,incurving rim. Underside reserved. Glazed band below and on bottom of exterior of rim. Glazed two-bar hook maeander on exterior of rim. Glazed band on interior of rim, glazed line, painted line, glazed downward-pointingstepped triangles alternating with large outward-pointing teardrop-shapedbuds with dots between bases toward center, then painted line, glazed line, painted line or band. Third quarter of the 5th century, probably early in that quarter, as the bottom is still fairly broad before curving up to the rim. 270.
271.
Phiale
P1. 16
C-39-227. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). H. 0.033; D. 0.110. 2.5Y 8/2. Fivejoining fragments and one nonjoining fragment preserve one-fourth of rim and full profile of remainder, including central omphalos. Partly restored in plaster. Badly misshapen. Decoration is very worn. All preserved decoration is black glaze. Bentz 1982, p. 417, no. D6-121. Rounded bottom with deep depression at center curves up to outward-thickened,flat-toppedrim; high cylindricalomphalos at center of floor.Underside reserved.Narrowband on exterior below rim. Two rows of dots on top of rim. Narrow band on interiorof rim. Traces of decoration below, alternatingstepped triangles(?),then glazed band, wide reservedband, line, band around omphalos. Sides of omphalos glazed, ring and large dot on top. Probablythird quarterof the 5th century. 272.
Phiale
273.
Phiale
Fig. 12 C-64-407. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, pottery lots 2094 and 2110. P.H. 0.042; Est.D. 0.190. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 7/4 (core). Fourjoining fragments preserve part of rim and floor. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 127, no. 280, pl. 30; Corinth XVIII, iii, p. 134, note 104. Wide, shallow bowl rises into roundedwall; slightlyevertedlip. Underside reserved. Traces of black band on exterior below rim. Large black dots on top of rim. On interior,black band, figuredscene of black-figuredsirenswith incised circleson their bodies, palmettes between them. Sirens' feet toward exterior and palmette bases toward interior. Effect is one of upsidedown palmettes between sirens. Then black line, row of red dots, unidentifiablered pattern to break. Pemberton reports added color, no longer visible, on sirens. Pemberton dates this phiale to the third quarter of the 5th century. Fig. 12, P1. 17 C-64-114. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). D. 0.095; H. 0.023. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended and restored in plaster. Glaze is fired brown. All decoration is glaze. Rounded bottom with low conical depression at center curves
81
PHIALE
up to incurving, outward-thickenedrim; trimming marks on exterior; button omphalos at center of floor. Band below exterior of rim, blobs on exterior of rim. Wide band on interior of rim, then line, wide reserved band. Around omphalos, line, then band that continues to the circumference of top of omphalos. Three rings on top of omphalos. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. Fig. 12, P1. 17 C-64-115. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.025; D. varies 0.113 to 0.115. 10YR 8/3. Mended from severalfragments and restoredin plaster.Black glaze is fired partly brown and mostly worn off, leaving stain, red paint. Pemberton 1970, p. 295, no. 99, pl. 73.
274.
Phiale
Rounded bottom with cylindrical depression at center curves up to inturning,outward-thickenedrim. Cylindricalomphalos, rounded on top, at center of floor. Black band on exterior below rim. Black dots on rim. Red line on interior of rim, then black band, line, red line, wide reservedband, red, blacklines, red band, black line, band at center with band continuing to top of circumference of omphalos. Wide black ring on top of omphalos. Profile is similar to that of 275. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 430-410. Fig. 12, P1. 17 Well 1931-14-3. Deposit 33 (well 1931-14). H. 0.034; D. 0.126. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/6 (core). Mended from six fragments. Omphalos missing, but otherwise full profile preserved. Rounded bottom curves up to inturned, outward-thickened rim. Black band on exterior below rim. Black dots on top of rim, wide black band on interior of rim. On floor, red band, blackline, blackbrokensingle maeander,blackline, band, line. Center of floor and onto omphalos red, as far as preserved. Profile is close to 274. Ca. 430-410. 275.
Phiale
Fig. 12 KP-1630. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. PH. 0.040; Est.D. 0.156 (ca. true). 7.5YR 8/3. Six joining fragments preserve part of rim, body and floor. Omphalos missing. Corinth XV, iii, p. 306, no. 1670, pl. 66. Deep body; continuous curve to top of short flange; inturned rim set inside flange curves sharply to interior of body; groove on floor nearjunction with omphalos. Black band on exterior below flange, blackdots on top of flange, bottom halfof exterior of rim reserved,top half of exteriorof rim red. Wide blackband on interior of rim and top of interiorwall. On interiorwall and floor, black line, large black alternating buds with elongated 276.
Phiale
solid centers, small outlined buds between interstices at top and short bars between interstices at bottom. Black line, red band in groove, then reservedto break. Dated late 6th or early 5th century in CorinthXV, iii, but the broad, shallow profile seems rather to suggest a date in the second half of the 5th century. 277.
Phiale
278.
Phiale
Fig. 12 C-65-507. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,potterylot 4409. P.H. 0.016 (ca. true); Est.D. 0.180; M.P.D. 0.046. 2.5Y 8/2. Single fragmentpreservespart of rim and floor. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 127, no. 281, pl. 30. Flat base curves up to rounded body; shallow groove between top of body and roundedexteriorofflange; low,plain rim inside flange. Underside and exterior of body reserved. Alternating purple and black blobs on flange, black glaze fromjunction of flange and rim to circumference of floor. Group of diagonal wavy lines on floor, possibly depicting smoke from a torch. Pemberton dates 277 to the later 5th century and notes that this may be related to the Sam Wide group (see below, pp. 160-172). Fig. 12 L-73-69-6. Lechaion Road East, pottery lot 73-69. P.H. 0.020; Est.D. 0.110. 7.5YR 7/4. Fragmentof rim.
Thickened, flat-toppedrim. Blackband on exteriorbelow rim. Black dots on top of rim, black line on interior of rim, then red band, black, red lines. Late 5th century. Phiale Fig. 12 L-37-2-18. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). PH. 0.015; Est.D. 0.100. 10YR 8/3. Rim and part of wall preserved. Glaze is fired black to brown, red paint.
279.
Flat-topped, thickened rim. Glazed band on exterior below rim, glazed dots on top of rim, black band on interior of rim, red band below. First quarterof 4th century. Phiale Fig. 12, P1. 17 C-75-162. Deposit 31 (well 1975-4). H. 0.035; Est.D. 0.160. 10YR 8/3 to 5YR 8/4 (core).Sixjoining fragmentspreserve one-fourth of vessel, including full profile. Williams and Fisher 1976, p. 122, no. 49, pl. 21.
280.
Rounded bottom with centralconical depression,curvingsides to vertical rim offset by broad groove; rim flat on top; flat, button-shaped omphalos projecting at center of floor. Wide blackband below exterior of rim. Black dots on top of rim. On interiorbelow rim, wide black band, dilute line, wide reserved band. On floor, glazed line, band, line. Center of floor and omphalos glazed. Third quarterof the 4th century.
MINIATURE PHIALAI Miniature phiale P1. 17 KV-510. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. H. 0.016; D. 0.054. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Intact. Glaze is fired black to red, red paint. Rounded bottom with shallow depression at center of underside curvesup to vertical rim; small, rounded omphalos at cen281.
ter of floor. Two glazed lines on exterior at mid-body.Painted and glazed lines below interior of lip. Glazed line at junction with floor. Glazed line and painted band around omphalos. Side of omphalos glazed, top reserved. 6th century.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
82 282.
Miniaturephiale
P1. 17
C-31-181. Deposit 9 (pit 1931-1). H. 0.011; D. 0.048. 10YR 8/3. Intact. Flat bottom curvesinto verticallip; solid omphalos in center of floor. Underside and exterior reserved. Top and interior of lip red, then black band, black line, red band, black line, black band continuing onto the side of the omphalos, black dot on top of the omphalos. Early 5th century. 283.
Miniature phiale
KV-595. Potters' Quarter,Aphrodite Deposit. H. 0.006; D. XV iii, p. 335 0.026. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth 73. no. 2015, pl. (mismeasured), Flat bottom; rounded, shallow body; plain rim; small, low, rounded omphalos at center of floor. Black line on exterior below lip. Alternatingred, blackdots on top of rim. On interior black line, red band, black line, black dots, black line. Center of floor and sides of omphalos black, with reservedcentral dot on top of omphalos. First quarter of the 5th century. Miniaturephiale P1. 17 KV-215. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.009; D. 0.051. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Intact.
284.
Depression on center of underside;rounded bottom curves up to plain rim; low, wide omphalos at center of floor. Red band below exterior of rim. Black dots on top of rim. On interior, red band, black band, black line, red band, black ring around omphalos. On omphalos, black, red rings, and black dot. Probablyfirst quarter of the 5th century. P1. 17 KV-221. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.011; D. 0.043. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact.
285.
Miniaturephiale
Flat, slightly raised base flaring on exterior; low wall flares to incurving rim; high omphalos at center of floor. Black, purple lines below exterior of rim. On interior,two blacklines, purple band, blackline. On floor,black band, blackline, purple band, black ring around bottom of omphalos. Probablyfirst quarter of the 5th century. Miniature phiale P1. 17 KV-216. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.012; D. 0.053. 2.5Y 8/2. Intact. Rounded bottom with small hollow at center of underside; outward-thickened rim; small omphalos at center of floor. Black band below and on exterior of rim. Black dots on top of rim, interior of rim red, wide reserved band with scant traces of unidentifiablered decoration, black, red rings around omphalos, omphalos red. Middle or third quarter of the 5th century. 286.
287.
Miniature phiale
P1. 17
KV-217. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.014; D. 0.041. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Deep, rounded body; incurving, outward-thickenedrim, hollow, cylindrical omphalos. Underside and exterior of wall reserved. Alternating black blob triangles on rim, black band below interiorof rim, red line at bottom of wall, wide reserved
band, black, red rings around omphalos, side of omphalos black, top reserved. Middle or third quarter of the 5th century. P1. 18 Miniature phiale KV-218. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.014; D. 0.047. 7.5YR 7/4. Intact.
288.
Roundedbottom with hollow at center of underside;incurving, outward-thickened rim; small, high omphalos at center of floor. Black band on exterior below rim. Black dots on rim, black band on interiorjust below lip, two black rings around omphalos, two black rings on omphalos. Middle or third quarter of the 5th century. Miniaturephiale P1. 18, Table 1 KV-219. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.013; D. 0.044. 10YR 8/3. Intact. CorinthXV iii, p. 335, no. 2016, pls. 73, 117.
289.
Flat, slightlyraisedbottom; roundedbody; incurving,outwardthickened rim; small, cylindricalomphalos. Black band on exteriorbelow rim. Black dots on rim. Below interiorof lip, black band, and line. On floor, red band, two black lines, black ring on omphalos. Middle or third quarter of the 5th century. Miniaturephiale P1. 18 KV-582. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.014; D. 0.043. 7.5YR 7/4. Intact.
290.
Rounded bottom with slight hollow at center, curving up to incurving,slightly outward-thickenedrim; omphalos at center of floor. Black line on exterior below rim. Black dots on top of rim, blackline on interiorbelow rim, two blackringsaround omphalos. Black ring on top of omphalos. Middle or third quarter of the 5th century. 291.
Miniaturephiale
P1. 18
C-64-116. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.015; D. 0.046. 10YR 8/3. One-third of rim missing and restoredin plaster. Pemberton 1970, p. 299, no. 132, pl. 74. Flat, slightlyraisedbottom; rounded body curvesup to slightly outward-thickened,vertical rim; small, rounded omphalos at center of floor. Underside and exterior reserved. Black band on interior of rim, then black line, red band, black line. Black band at center of floor and onto side of omphalos, black dot on top of omphalos. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. Miniaturephiale P1. 18 C-64-117. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.010; D. 0.038. 10YR 8/3. Complete. Mended from two fragments. Decoration very worn.
292.
Flat, slightly raised bottom; sides curve up to slightly incurved rim; low, rounded omphalos at center of floor. Underside and exterior reserved. Black band on top and interior of rim, then red band. Black band at center of floor continues onto omphalos, with center of top circle on omphalos reserved. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410.
LEKANIS
293.
Miniaturephiale
295.
KP-2358. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds. M.P.D. 0.060. 7.5YR 7/4to 7/6. Single fragmentfromfloor,broken all around. Corinth XV, iii, p. 224, no. 1219, pl. 50. Rounded bottom. Underside reserved. On floor, black lotus and enclosed palmette frieze, narrow black band. Wide black band with a lotus-palmette chain in added cream-colored paint, narrow black band, black ivy, and berry vine. Related to the VrysoulaWorkshop,if not of it, ca. 450-410. See pp. 149-151. Miniature phiale KV-518. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine. H. 0.014; D. 0.049. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XV, iii, p. 335, no. 2012, pls. 73, 118.
294.
Rounded bottom with shallow, conical depression at center curves up to incurving, outward-thickenedrim; high, narrow, cylindrical omphalos at center of floor; trimming marks on exterior.Blackband below and onto bottom edge of rim. Large blackdots on rim. Blackband on interiorof rim, then red band, two black lines, black band, red band. Omphalos black, with central dot on top reserved. Second half of the 5th century.
83
Miniature phiale
KV-245. Potters'Quarter,TerracottaFactory,deposit 8. H. 0.010; D. 0.042. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XV, iii, p. 335, no. 2020, pl. 73. Flat bottom; rounded sides curve up to incurving rim; low, rounded omphalos at center of floor. Black band on exterior of top and interior of rim. Red band on interior below rim, junction with floor and most of floor reserved. At center of floor around omphalos, black line, red band, black ring on top of omphalos. Second half of the 4th century. Miniaturephiale KV-246. Potters'Quarter,TerracottaFactory,deposit 8. H. XV, iii, p. 335, 0.014; D. 0.046. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth no. 2019, pl. 73.
296.
Rounded bottom with shallow depression at center of underside curves up to outturned, outward-thickenedrim; small, low, cylindrical omphalos; two suspension holes in rim. Black band below exterior of rim, black dots on top of rim, two black lines on interior of rim, wide reserved area, two black lines around omphalos, center of floor and side of omphalos red, top of omphalos reserved,with black ring. Second half of the 4th century.
LEKANIS Lekanides are lidded bowls with horizontal handles.65 In the early part of the 6th century, the lekanis is a flaring convex bowl with two reflex handles, which are round in section and with a nearly flat lid.66 Patterned examples may have rays springing from the base and around the knob of the lid, b4t most of the vase is black-glazed, and other decoration is generally confined to the handle zone. Lekanides become taller and narrower through the 6th century. 297, which probably dates to the third quarter of the 6th century, has a deep, rounded, flaring body. Most of the bowl is still covered with black glaze. In the last quarter of the 6th century, as seen in 298 from grave 252 in the North Cemetery, the lekanis still has a deep body, but the lower body has a straighter profile, curving up gently to become nearly vertical in the handle zone. The lid is low, domed, and rounded. 299, from late-6th-century North Cemetery grave 257, has a very straight flaring body until the handle zone, where it curves abruptly to become vertical. The lid, too, has sharp curves. Nearly vertical at the bottom, it curves nearly ninety degrees to slope up slightly and somewhat concavely to the central knob. At the top of the knob, at the center of the depression, is a raised central boss, which will also be seen on the knobs of 303 and 304. The bowl of 301, found in grave 258, contemporary with or slightly later than grave 257, has a profile similar to that of 299, but the lower body is slightly convex. The lid rises higher than those of earlier lekanides, and the top of the lid has a straight sloping profile. The shape then gradually becomes lower and broader during the remainder of the 5th century, as seen in 302, from the second quarter of the 5th century. Although its rim diameter is only slightly smaller than that of 298, 302 is considerably shorter in height and its foot is a bit wider. The wall is rounded and convex. The lid is similar to that of 299 but higher. 65
This shape has also been referred to as a lekane, a bowl, a pyxis, and a lekanoid bowl, For further discussion of terminology and the association of the word "lekanis,"with this particularshape, see CorVP,pp. 465-468.
66
See, for example, the MC lekanis in North Cemetery, XIII, p. 175, no. 142-e (T-3081), pl. 19. grave 142: Corinth
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
84
The bodies of 303 and 304 are still lower with respect to overall height, and their walls are even more convex. These two vessels are so close in shape that they were probably manufactured around the same time. Both even have the same type of reflex handles, with very small returns,
and both have raised central bosses in the central depressed areas on the tops of the knobs of the lids. They retain the lid profile of 302 but are probably slightlylater. 306 is from North Cemetery grave 291, a context also dated to the middle of the first half
of the 5th century,but the lid profile is alreadybecoming more rounded. This lekanis is probably later rather than earlier. Both the body and the lid of 308, from North Cemetery grave 380, dated to the middle or third quarter of the 5th century, are low and convex. The reflex handles are ovoid in section, in contrast to the strap handles typical of the first half of the5th century. The handles are now decorated with the blobs typical of the second half of the 5th century.Very close in shape is 309, from deposit 23. Although the handles are missing, sihandle the stumps indicate that this lekanis also had handles similar to those of 308. Contemporary or perhaps slightly later are 314, from deposit 17 in the North Cemetery, and 310, from deposit 23. These lekanides have three reflex handles, round or ovoid in section, which are attached horizontally to the side of the rim but are then upturned.67 315, from the Aphrodite Deposit in the Potters' Quarter, is similar in shape, number of handles, handle type,
and decoration to 310 and 314. This lekanis, too, should be dated in the third quarter of the 5th century or perhaps even a bit later, supporting a lower date for the Aphrodite Deposit than that suggested by the excavator.68
316, from grave 392 in the North Cemetery, is next in the series. This grave is dated to the second half of the 5th century, overlapping the range of dates suggested for deposit 23 at Vrysoula. The shape is slightly lower than either of the lekanides from Vrysoula, however, and may be slightly later. The handles are still decorated with glazed blobs, but there are four, and they are spool-shaped lug handles rather than reflex handles. The latest Conventionalizing lekanis found at Corinth is 317. This example has the reflex strap handles of earlier years, but they are now undecorated. The shape is still broad, but the foot is now contracted. The banding is careless. The lack of evidence for late-5th- or 4thcentury Conventionalizing lekanides at Corinth suggests that the shape stops receiving this type of decoration before the end of the 5th century, although unglazed examples continue well into the second half of the 4th century.69 297.
Lekanis
P1. 18, Table 1
C-37-1008. Deposit8(well 1937-3).H. 0.040; D. (foot)0.038; Max.D. 0.070. 7.5YR 8/4. Two joining fragmentspreserve all of foot, two-thirdsof body rim, flange, and both handles. Lid missing. Campbell 1938, p. 594, no. 134, fig. 15. Low, flaring ring foot; deep, rounded body flares up to maximum diameter,then turns sharplyinward, up to nearlyvertical flange; two horizontal reflex handles, round in section, at maximum diameter.Two black circumferencebands on underside. Interior of foot black. Exterior of foot and lower two-thirds of body black. Black line below handle zone. Black horizontal zigzag in handle zone. Top of rim and most of exteriorof flange purple. Black line at lip. Handle tips and interior black. This lekanis probably dates to the third quarter of the 6th century,as it appears to be earlier than 298. 67
The handles of 309, also from deposit 25 (channel 1964are 1), missing, but the handle stumps indicate that these handles too were round or ovoid in section and were decorated with glazed blobs. The handles of this lekanis were two in number,as 307.
298.
Lekanis
Fig. 13 North H. T-3102. Cemetery,grave 252. (with lid) 0.077; D. Max.D. 0.076. to 5YR 8/2. Intact. 8/2 10YR (foot) 0.048; Decoration is worn off, leaving stain. CorinthXIII, p. 212, no. 252-4, pl. 35.
Ring foot; deep body with convex wall curving up to nearly verticalrim to which reflex straphandles are attachedhorizontally; inset vertical flange. Low lid curves up to become nearly flat on top; cylindricalknob flares out at top to form low, truncated, flat-toppedcone. Lekanis:Underside reserved.Exterior of foot glazed. Line on lower body, wide reserved band, two lines below handle zone, vertical bars in handle zone and onto handles. Top of rim to interior of flange glazed. Two rings on floor. Lid: Band, dots, line, band, line, narrow alternating 68
See pp. 13-14 above. 69 For discussionsof unglazed lekanides:Corinth XIII, pp. 94-
96, 146-148; Corinth XVIII, i, pp. 39-41.
85
LEKANIS
303
298
316 FIG. 13. Lekanides stepped triangles, line. Shaft of knob glazed. On top of knob, two rings and central dot. Last quarterof the 6th century. 299.
Lekanis
P1. 18, Table 1
T-1456. North Cemetery, grave 257. H. (with lid) 0.104; D. (foot) 0.060; Max.D. 0.130. 7.5YR 8/2 to 8/4. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 214, no. 257-8, pl. 34. Flaring ring foot; straight,flaringbody rises to become vertical in zone of horizontal reflex strap handles; low vertical flange inset from rim. Lid flares out slightly at bottom, then turns inward and rises slightly concavely to conical knob; central depression in top of knob, with small raised central boss at bottom. Lekanis:Underside reserved. Exterior of foot purple, wide purple band below handle zone, black crosshatchingin handle zone continues to top of rim. Wide black band at midwall on interior. Wide black ring and central dot on floor. Lid: Narrow reservedband at bottom of lid, black band, black line, purple band, three blacklines, blacklinkedlotus-palmette chain with purple Type 1 palmettes drawnas stepped triangles, 70 De Miro et al. 1988, p. 311, no. AG.S/31, also from a
late-6th-century grave.
black line, line, band. Junction with knob reserved. Side of knob black. On top of knob, blackline, black dots, purple band continuing down to near the bottom of the central depression. Center reserved. The lotus-palmette chain on a pyxis found at Akragasis so similar to the one on this lid that they may have been painted by the same hand.70 Last quarterof the 6th century,probablylate 6th century. P1. 19, Table 1 Lekanis T-1845. North Cemetery,grave 299. H. (with lid) 0.096; D. (foot)0.079; Max.D. 0.136. 7.5YR 7/6 to 10YR 8/3. Bowl mended from severalfragments,with many small fragments missing. Lid intact. CorinthXIII, pp. 229-230, no. 299-3, pl. 44. Flaringring foot; straight,flaringbody rises to become vertical in zone of canted reflex strap handles;low verticalflange inset from rim. Lid flares out slightly at bottom, then turns inward and risesslightly concavely to conical knob; central depression in top of knob, with small raised central boss at bottom.
300.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
86
Lekanis:Underside reserved. Exterior of foot red. Black, red, black lines below handle zone. In handle zone, three-barhook maeander with lower hooks red and upper hooks black. Black lines along centers and tops of reflex handles. Blackline above handle zone. Red, black, red lines on top of rim. Black line on interior below rim. Lid: Red band on outer edge and top circumference of lid, then three black lines, red band, black line, wide alternating red and black tongues outlined in black, two blacklines, black band, two black lines. Side of knob black. On top of knob, red, blacklines, then red and blackwhorl at center. Palmer noted that this seems earlier than the other grave goods with which it was found. The foot is broader, but the shape is otherwise similarto 299.71 The hook maeander,however, is identical to that on a powder pyxis in Athens, from a grave dated ca. 480-470.72 The date of North Cemetery grave 299 is in accordance with this. The possibility that 300 and the Athens pyxis are contemporary with 299 and were both heirlooms when they were deposited in the graves cannot be ruled out, but it is more likely that 299 and 300 are representativesof a variant lekanis shape in production for a long time. A date of ca. 480-470 is probable for 300 and the Athens pyxis. 301.
Lekanis
T-1137. North Cemetery, grave 258. H. (bowl) 0.053; D. (foot)0.045; Max.D. 0.091. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from many XIII, p. 214, fragments.Missing knob and half of lid. Corinth no. 258-5, pl. 34. Slightly flaring ring foot; deep, slightly convex body becomes straight and nearly vertical in zone of two horizontal reflex strap handles, then turns inward at rim and rises concavely to low,verticalflange. Lid flaresout slightlyat bottom, then slopes inward. Lekanis:Reserved, except for red band on exterior of foot. Lid: Blackband on lower, outward-slopingpart of lid. On top of lid, black line, black inward-pointingstepped triangles, black line, red band, black line to break. Late 6th or early 5th century. 302.
Lekanis
P1. 18
T-1248. North Cemetery,grave 282. H. (with lid) 0.065; D. (foot) 0.051; Max.D. 0.079. 10YR 8/2 to 2.5Y 8/2. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 224, no. 282-2, pl. 37. Ring foot; low, broad body with convex wall curving up to nearly vertical rim to which reflex strap handles are attached horizontally;inset verticalflange. Verticaledge of lid risesconvexly to conical knob with conical central depression. Traces of glaze on exterior of foot and rim of bowl. Side and outer circumferenceof top of lid red, then two blacklines, alternately red and blackoutward-pointinglinked Type 1 palmettesdrawn as stepped triangles,two black lines, red band, black line, center of cover and stem of knob black. On top of knob, three black lines, red band, black ring, and central dot. Second quarter of the 5th century. Lekanis Fig. 13 T-1667. North Cemetery,grave 284. H. (with lid) 0.078; D. (foot)0.050; Max.D. 0.095. 7.5YR 8/2 to 10YR 8/3. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 225, no. 284-3, pl. 40.
303.
71 A lekanis in Vienna (Jecrocorinthia, p. 308, no. 920, fig. 148; CorVP, pp. 467-468) is an earlierversion of this variant form.
Flaring ring foot; rounded, convex body turning inward at rim, then rising to low, vertical flange; two reflex straphandles attached below rim. Rounded lid slopes inward to low, hollow, conical knob with central boss. Lekanis:Underside reserved. Exterior of foot red, black band below handle zone, top of rim and exterior of flange black. Interior of flange black. Blackline below rim, narrow black ring on floor inside circumference. Lid: Wide black band at edge of rim, black, red lines, four groups of nine to ten vertical squiggles each, two black lines, red band, black line. Center of lid to top edge of knob black, adjoining red band. Center black. Ca. 480-460. 304.
Lekanis
P1. 18
CP-736. Deposit 18 (grave 1916-63). H. (with lid) 0.083; Max.D. 0.093. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Intact. Black glaze is fired red in places, red paint. Bentz 1982, p. 221, no. A31-3, pi. 30. Flaring ring foot; rounded, convex body turning inward at rim, then rising to low vertical flange; two reflex strap handles attached below rim. Rounded lid slopes inward to low, hollow, conical knob with central boss. Lekanis:Underside reserved. Exterior of foot red. Black line and band below handle zone, top of rim and exterior of flange red. Black bands on interiorat maximumdiameter and atjunction of wall and floor.Lid:Wide black band at edge of rim, black line, black outward-pointing unlinked buds, black line, red band, black line, center of lid to just below top of knob black, flat outer part of top of knob black, red band at bottom of depression, red dot on boss. Shape as 303. The grave is dated to the second quarterof the 5th century. 304 should be dated toward the beginning of that quarter. 305.
Lekanis
P1. 19
T-1823. North Cemetery,grave 298. H. (with lid) 0.085; D. (foot)0.067; Max.D. 0.115. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/6. Intact. Glaze is firedblack to orange, red paint. Carinth XIII, p. 229, no. 298-3, pl. 44. Flaring ring foot; rounded, convex body turning inward at rim, then rising to low, vertical flange; two reflex strap handles attached below rim. Rounded lid slopes inward to low hollow conical knob, with small boss raised at bottom of depression. Lekanis:Underside reserved.Exteriorof foot black, blackband below handle zone, top of rim black, top of flange black. Black band on interior at maximum diameter, dripped glaze below, black band at junction of interior wall and floor. Lid: Black band at edge of lid, then red line, widely spaced black linked buds, black line, black band, junction with knob reserved. Side of knob black. Black band on top of knob, red band in depression, black circle on top of raised central boss. Ca. 480-470. 306.
Lekanis
T-1637. North Cemetery,grave 291. H. (with lid) 0.093; D. (foot)0.062; Max.D. 0.112. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 226, no. 291-3, pls. 41, 90. Flaring ring foot; rounded, convex body turning inward at rim, then rising to low vertical flange; two reflex strap handles attached below rim. Rounded lid slopes inward to low, hollow, 72 Boulter 1963, p. 116, no. A 11(P 10336). See above, p. 28, note 30.
LEKANIS conical knob. Lekanis:Interior of foot black. Exterior of foot red. Black band below handle zone. Top of rim and top of handles red. Exterior to interior of flange black. Black line, band, line on lower interior wall, black ring at center floor. Lid: Red band at edge of rim, then black line, band, line, red band, blackline, band, line, line, alternatingstepped triangles, line, line. Center lid and sides of knob to just below top black. On top of knob, black dots, red line, black zetas, black line. Black band, line in central depression. Ca. 480-460. 307.
Lekanis
P1. 19
C-1978-127. Forum Southwest, pottery lot 1978-98. H. 0.060; D. (foot) 0.100; Est.Max.D. (ca. true) 0.168. 7.5YR 7/4 to 5YR 8/2. Many fragmentsmended to preserveabout three-fourthsof foot, and a small part of remainder,including one handle. Full profilepreserved.All decorationis glaze fired light reddish brown. Williams 1979, p. 121, no. 18, pi. 43. Low ring foot with wide resting surface; low, flaring, slightly convex body turns to become nearly vertical in handle zone, then turns inward to form rim from which inward-sloping flange rises;horizontal reflex strap handle attached below rim. Band on exterior of foot. Line below handle zone, line above handle zone on edge of rim, line on center rim, line on top of rim, line on interior below rim, two lines on lower wall, two lines at center of floor. Ca. 460 or a bit earlier. 308.
Lekanis
P1. 19
T-687. North Cemetery, grave 380. H. (with lid) 0.098; D. (foot) 0.070; Max.D. 0.139. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/6. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 258, no. 380-1, pl. 61. Flaring ring foot; rounded, convex body turning inward at rim, then rising to low vertical flange; two reflex strap handles attached below rim. Rounded lid curves inward to low, hollow, conical knob. Lekanis: Black band on exterior of foot and at junction with body. Black, red lines below handles. Black dots on handles. Top of rim red. Top exterior of flange to interiorof flange black. Black band on interior at middle of wall. Black band atjunction with floor. Lid: Exterior edge of lid red, black band, black, red lines, black three-bar hook maeander, red, black, black lines, red band, two black lines. Center of lid and bottom half of knob black. Outer exterior edge of knob black. On top of knob, two blacklines, red line, two blacklines. Central depression red. Middle or third quarterof the 5th century.Since the handles are still horizontal, this example should be earlier than 310 from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). Lekanis P1. 19 C-64-118. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.049; D. (foot) 0.080; Max.D. 0.136. 7.5YR 8/4. Handles broken off, but bowl is otherwise nearly complete. Lid missing. Mended and partiallyrestoredin plaster.All decoration is glaze fired brown to red. Pemberton 1970, p. 295, no. 95, pl. 73. Flaringring foot; rounded, convex body turning inwardat rim, then rising to low vertical flange; two reflex handles attached verticallybelow rim. Circumferencering on underside.Resting surface glazed. Exterior of foot glazed. Band below handle zone. Blob buds in handle zone. Top of rim, exterior of flange, and interior of lip glazed. Line on interior below rim. Band atjunction of body and floor. Ring on floor. 309.
87
Handle type as 308 and earlier than 310, from the same deposit. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit 23 is dated ca. 450-410, but 309 appearsto be one of the earlier items. Date probably third quarter of the 5th century. 310.
Lekanis
P1.20
C-64-119. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.040; D. (foot) 0.051; Max.D. 0.115. 7.5YR 8/4. Many fragmentsmended to preserve about two-thirds of bowl with complete profile. Lid missing. Flaring ring foot; rounded, convex body turning inward at rim, then rising to high, vertical flange; three upturned reflex handles attached horizontallybelow rim. Circumferenceband on underside. Exterior of foot glazed. Line at bottom of body above foot. Two lines below handle zone. Blob buds in handle zone. Top of rim and exteriorofflange glazed. Interiorof flange reserved.Interiorwall glazed. Reserved band at junction with floor. Floor glazed, as far as preserved, See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. Perhapslater than 309. 311.
Lekanislid
C-64-123. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.039; Est.D. 0.066. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. All of knob and one-third of lid preserved. Bowl missing. Mended and restored in plaster. Pemberton 1970, p. 290, no. 70, pl. 71. Verticalrim curves up to low, domed cover;low knob rounded on top with low, conical depression. Black band, line, black band with added white ivy and berry vine, black line, band, line, red band, black line, stem and bottom half of side of knob black. On top of knob red band, black line, black band continuing in conical depression. Fill 1933-2 from South Stoa Shop XXXII includes an uninventoried oinochoe fragment with similar decoration. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 312.
Lekanislid
P1.20
C-64-124. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.022; Est.D. 0.110. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. About two-fifthsof lid preserved. Handle and bowl missing. Mended and restoredin plaster. Pemberton 1970, p. 288, no. 57, pl. 70. Nearly vertical rim curves up to low, domed cover. Narrow reservedband, blackband, two blacklines, blackivy connected to vine by very thin wavy lines, black line. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. P1.20, Table 1 C-64-127. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.043; D. 0.143. 5YR 8/3 to 7/6. All of bowl and half of lid missing, knob brokenoff. Mended and restoredin plaster.Pemberton 1970, p. 290, no. 71, pl. 71. Low,domed cover,with stump of knob. Blackband, blackline, red band, black line, black band with applied white linked buds, black line, band, line, red band, black line, black band. Stem of knob black, as far as preserved. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 313.
Lekanislid
88 314.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES Lekanis
316.
T-2207. North Cemetery,deposit 17. H. (withlid) 0.119; D. (foot)0.088; Max.D. 0.160. 10YR 8/3 to 8/4. Mended from many fragments. Nearly complete and restored in plaster. Corinth XIII, p. 305, no. D17-b, pl. 90. Flaring ring foot; rounded, convex body turning inward at rim, then rising to low vertical flange; three upturned reflex handles, round in section, attached horizontally below rim. Rounded lid slopes inward to knob consisting of low cone with cylindrical central depression placed on a cylindrical stem. Lekanis:Underside reserved.Exteriorof foot black. Blackline, black band below handle zone. Large black dots on handles. Top of rim to interior of flange black. Wide black band at junction of interior of wall and floor. Lid: Edge of lid reserved, then wide black band, black, red lines, black ivy vine, red, black lines, red band, black line, black band, center lid and shaft of knob red. Six black rings on top of knob. Deposit dated ca. 450-420. This example is probablylater rather than earlier in that period, since it appears to be later than 308 and 309. 315.
Lekanis
KP-2346. Potters' Quarter, Aphrodite Deposit. H. 0.036; D. 0.085. 7.5YR 7/4 to 7/6. Several fragments mended to preserve about half of bowl with full profile. Remainder restored in plaster. All decoration is black glaze. Corinth XV, iii, pp. 220-221, no. 1189, pl. 49. Flaringring foot; rounded, convex body turning inwardat rim, then risingto low verticalflange; three upturnedreflexhandles, round in section, attached horizontally below rim. Exterior of foot glazed. Line below handles, downward-pointing blob buds in handle zone and on tops of handles. Top of rim to interior of flange glazed. Band on interior at junction of wall and floor. So similar to 310 and 314 that it must be contemporary. Date third or early fourth quarter of the 5th century.
Lekanis Fig. 13 T-1344. North Cemetery, grave 392. H. 0.070; D. (foot) 0.065; Max.D. 0.112. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. CorinthXIII, p. 261, no. 392-6, fig. 16, pls. 60, 90.
Flaring ring foot; low, rounded convex body turning inward at rim, then rising to low, vertical flange; four spool handles attached at exterior of rim. Low, sloping lid rises to discshaped knob, set on cylindrical stem, with cylindrical central depression. Lekanis:Exterior of foot black. Black band below handle zone. Black blob buds in handle zone and on handles. Top of rim to interior of lip of flange black. Black band at middle of interior of wall, wide black ring on floor. Lid: Wide black band at edge of rim, black line, red band, black line, five groups of nine to twelve slightlywavy vertical dilute glazed lines, black line, band, line, red band, black line. Shaft of knob black. On top of knob, black line, red band, blackline. Central depressionblack. Second half of the 5th century. 317.
Lekanis
P1.20 CP-687. Deposit 25 (grave 1916-45). H. 0.052; Max.D. 0.124. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. Missing most of flange and small fragments of remainder.Lid missing.Black glaze fired orange in places, red paint. Bentz 1982, pp. 276-277, no. A56-6. Flaring ring foot; low, slightly convex body turning inward at rim, then rising to low, inward-sloping flange; two reflex strap handles attached horizontally at rim. Exterior of foot red. Below handle zone, red line, black band, red line. Black buds in handle zone. Exterior and top of rim black. Red band on exterior of rim. Top of exterior and all of interior of flange black. On interior at junction of wall and floor, red line, black band, red line. Black central dot on floor. Last quarterof the 5th century.
PLATE Although numerous examples have been found, indicating that the plate was a popular Conventionalizing shape, a study of the development of this shape is difficult.73 Conventionalizing plates were not placed in graves but rather are found in domestic and sanctuary deposits, which tend to have wider chronological ranges.74 In addition, those from domestic deposits are often found in too fragmentary a condition to be very helpful in determining shape development. Of 320, the plate from deposit 8 (well 1937-3), for example, only a small fragment of the floor is preserved. The following conclusions regarding the chronology of the Conventionalizing plate are therefore based largely on studies of decorative elements. 318 and 319 can be dated to the second half of the 6th century on the basis of their bud patterns. These plates have projecting ring feet. The rims have flaring, slightly concave profiles and rounded, thickened lips, and are each offset by a single groove on the top. The low, slightly flaring ring foot of 324 is similar to that of 319, and its linked bud decoration is of a type typical of the later 6th and early 5th centuries. 73 For a discussion of some of the problems that have arisen in studies of earlier Corinthian plates, see Lawrence 1986a, pp. 91-92, esp. note 18. Callipolitis-Feytmans(1962) has suggested a chronology for Corinthianplates, but that chronology was based in part on early interpretationsof the stratigraphyin
the Potters' Quarter. For a discussion of the Potters' Quarter, see pp. 13-18 above. 74 For discussions of XIII, pp. 80grave goods, see Corinth 81; Bentz 1982, chapter 9; pp. 173-175 below.
PLATE
89
The palmette style of 327, a tripod plate, indicates that this plate dates to the late 6th or early 5th century. The rim turns out from a flaring wall to become nearly horizontal and is offset by a shallow groove around the circumference on the top. This plate appears to be one of the
earliest on which the top edge of the lip is dotted. This type of decoration was introduced on plates around the same time it becomes common on the rims ofphialai. A second tripod plate, 333, with a plain, flaring concave rim, is decorated with a broken single maeander. This type of maeander indicates a date no earlier than the first quarter of the
5th century.The presence of reflexhandles on 333 suggeststhat this plate should be no later,as all
plates with handles seem to be datable to or before the first quarter of the 5th century. The zigzag
pattern on 326, for example, does not yet resemblefeatherstitching(see above, p. 33). The tongue patternsof 332, 606, and 607 supportthis date as well. No reflex-handledplates have been found with decoration mandating a date after the middle of the first half of the 5th century. 336, dated by decoration to the first quarter of the 5th century, has a low rim that turns at a 90-degree angle to become horizontal. The lip is upturned, and the plate still has handles. 337, which has a dotted spiral pattern similar to that of 673, has a low, inward-sloping wall,
but also flaresout an abrupt 90 degrees to a nearly horizontal rim, the lip of which is offset on the top by a groove. This angularity therefore appears to be a feature of shape that is introduced in the first quarter of the 5th century. Like the applied discs on the handles of 332, 333, 606, and 607, it suggestsimitation of metal forms. Two plates that should date to the first half of the 5th century, 339 and 340, show still another
variantshape. Both plates have low, flaringwalls, risingto horizontalrims that are slightlyconcave on top.
344 is dated in the second or third quarter of the 5th century. The rim is now slightly downturned. This is also true of 357 of the Vrysoula Workshop,but the Vrysoula example has a convex exterior wall profile, in contrast to the straight profile of 344. Because of similarities between the shapes of Widean plates and those from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1), the second half of the 5th century is the point in time that is the best understood with regard to the shapes of Conventionalizing plates. These plates usually have grooves around the circumference of the underside. Sometimes, as on 646, for example, there are many grooves on the underside. The rim is flared, strongly concave, and nearly horizontal on the top. These plates typically have an upturned lip, offset by a groove on the top, a continuation of earlier forms. Four plates from the Potters' Quarter, 348-351, are of similar shapes. All have several grooves on the underside, low, flaring walls turned out sharply to slightly downturned rims with angular upturned lips. Two of them have painted bands and lines on the underside and on the top of the rim and have petal rosettes at the center of the floor. The other two have reserved undersides, dotted rims, and birds or sirens at the center of the floor. Callipolitis-Feytmans dated 348 to the end of the 6th century and the others to the end of Late Corinthian II, which she places in the early 5th century. In CorinthXV, iii, those with rosettes are dated Late Corinthian I or II, while for those with birds or sirens, a date after the middle of the 5th century is suggested. Because they share a distinctive shape, all four plates should be roughly contemporary. The petal rosettes, sometimes described as a starburst design, on two of the plates are similar to those on 83, a powder pyxis lid dating in the second or third quarter of the 5th century, and on 703, a plate of the Sam Wide Workshop, probably slightly later in date. Birds and sirens are popular at this time as well. It has been argued that the undersides of plates do not receive painted decoration
after Late Corinthian
II.75 Yet 706, of the Sam Wide Group, has painted decoration
on the underside, and there is at least one painted band on the underside of 647, which is related to the vases of the Merlin Painter. The overall proportions of these plates are generally similar to 355, from deposit 23, and the use of multiple grooves on the undersides of vases is paralleled in the 75
Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 158.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
90
Sam Wide and Vrysoula Workshops. It seems likely, therefore, that these four plates are contem-
porary with those workshops. 360, dated by context between the late 5th century and the second quarter of the 4th, is
deeper than any of the earlier examples. There is a groove around the circumference of the underside. The bottom rounds up to a slightly convex, nearly vertical wall, which curves out
about 40 degrees to a flaring rim with a thickened lip. Numerous miniatures, with diameters of about three to seven centimeters, have been found at Corinth. These miniatures typically have flat or slightly concave undersides. The bases are often
cut with a wire. Rims may flare out directly from the base or from low, vertical walls. Some of these plates can be dated on the basis of context or decoration, but there is little variationin shape among them, and most are not precisely datable. Fig. 14 KP-1992. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. H. 0.029; Est.D. 0.250. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves part of rim and floor. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 176-177, no. 921, pls. 42, 116; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 158, no. 13. Underside slightly convex, as far as preserved;ring foot round in section; flaring, curving rim with thickened lip, round in section. Black, black, red lines around the circumference of underside. Resting surface and bottom exterior of foot black, remainder of foot reserved, red, black, black lines above foot, two black lines below exterior of lip. Lip black, then on top of rim, two black lines, alternating black lotus and added red buds on crosses, red, black bands to junction with floor, black line around circumferenceof floor. See p. 23 for stemmed buds. Second half of the 6th century. 318.
319.
Plate
Plate
KP-1994. Potters' Quarter,Road Deposit. H. 0.026; Est.D. 0.230. 7.5YR 8/4. Three nonjoining fragments preserve part of rim, foot, and beginning of floor. CorinthXV, iii, p. 177, no. 922, pl. 42; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 158, no. 14, fig. 21. Low, spreading ring foot; flaring, curving rim with thickened, rounded, downturnedlip offset on top by two shallow grooves. Blackline inside foot near edge of fragment,restingsurfaceand bottom exterior edge of foot black, red line above exterior of foot, lip black. Ridge inside top of lip red, then black line, alternating red, black teardrop-shaped buds, row of black dots, red, black bands to inner edge of rim. Traces of black decoration on floor,possibly palmette cross. Second half of the 6th century. 320.
Plate
C-37-1035. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). M.PD. 0.088. 5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Two joining fragments preserve part of floor. Glaze is fired reddish brown. Campbell 1938, p. 593, no. 133, fig. 20; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 159, no. 1. Flat horizontal floor. Underside reserved. Glazed lotus cross with incised details. Probablysecond half of the 6th century. 321.
Plate
KP-1432. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit and Terracotta Factory.Est.D. (foot) 0.160. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Fivejoining fragments and one nonjoining fragment preserve part of
floor and foot. CorinthXV, iii, p. 304, no. 1658, pl. 66; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, pp. 139, 160, no. 22, fig. 22. Flat horizontal floor, slightly convex on underside, low ring foot. Underside reserved, as far as preserved.On floor, reserved band, red band, black line, black band, red line, black closed double maeander, black line, black-figuredwhorl at center, alternatingblack and added red. Callipolitis-Feytmansdates this to LC II, and seems to be suggesting a date before 520. A date in the second half of the 6th century seems likely, but insufficient evidence exists for furthernarrowingthe range of dates for 321. Fig. 14 KV-1000. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. H. 0.012; Est.D. 0.068. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preservesnearly half of floor and part of rim. Corinth XV, iii, p. 327, no. 1908, pl. 71; 1962, Callipolitis-Feytmans p. 161, no. 40, fig. 22. Slightly concave underside, beveled on exterior to low, vertical wall; smallridgeatjunction with horizontalrim; shallowgroove at top of center of rim. Black ring at center of underside. Near edge of base black, red lines. Black band around circumferencecontinueshalfwayup to where the rimflaresout. Bottom to top edge of rim black, then red line, alternating red, black inward-pointingbuds, black, redlines atjunctionwith floor.On floor, black-figuredpalmette cross with isolated leaf in each interstice, center and every other leaf of palmettes added red. Second half of the 6th century. 322.
Plate
323.
Plate Fig. 14 KP-1995. Potters' Quarter,Road Deposit. H. 0.022; Est.D. 0.107. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Several mended fragments preserve part of rim and floor. CorinthXV, iii, p. 177, no. 924, pls. 42, 116; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 160, no. 10.
Slightly concave underside meets body in a rounded corner; flaring, slightly concave wall curves up to nearly horizontal flaring rim; tapered lip offset below and above by shallow grooves. Underside and exterior reserved. Top circumference of rim decorated with red band, black dots, black band in and on either side of groove, alternating black and red outwardpointing tongues outlined in black with scalloped edges (in one place, two black tongues next to each other).Junction with floor reserved. On floor, black band around circumference, with applied narrower red band in center, then black-figured lotus-palmette chain, with central leaf of lotus red and added red on core and alternating leaves of palmettes. Center of floor missing. Second half of the 6th century.
PLATE
91
323
322
318
I
I
326
325
324
'--
330
329
327
335
334
333
332
339
338
336
FIG. 14. Plates
Fig. 14 KP-1436. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. PH. 0.013; Est.D. (foot) 0.140; M.PD. 0.068. 7.5YR 7/4 to 5YR 7/3. Single fragmentpreservespart of floor and foot. Glaze is firedblack to reddish brown, red paint. Corinth XV, iii, p. 177, no. 923, 1962, 42; Callipolitis-Feytmans p. 160, no. 7, fig. 22. pl. Slightly convex underside; low, slightly flaring ring foot. Two black lines on undersidejust inside foot. Resting surface and exteriorof foot glazed. On top, traces of glazed band, then two black lines, alternating red and black linked buds, black line, red band. Last quarter of the 6th to early 5th century. 324.
Plate
Plate Fig. 14, P1.20 KP-1993. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. H. 0.026; Est.D. 0.270. 7.5YR 7/4 to 5YR 7/6. Rim fragment broken at junction with base. Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 160, no. 12, fig. 22; mentioned with CorinthXV, iii, p. 181, no. 954.
325.
Flaring,concaverim, sharplyevertedat top; upturnedlip offset by groove on bottom. Exteriorvertical edge and top of everted lip black, then red line, black myrtle wreath with no central vine, red line, black band as far as preserved.
For similarfloral decoration, see 80. Late 6th century or first half of the 5th century. Plate Fig. 14 KV-524. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds. H. 0.011; D. 0.056. 5YR 8/3 to 8/4. Intact. CorinthXV, iii, p. 329, no. 1932, pl. 71; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 161, no. 50. Concave underside rounds up to slightly flaring wall, which curvesout to horizontalrim; slightlydownturnedreflexhandle. Underside reserved. Black dots on top of handles. On top of rim, red line, black zigzag, wide, narrowblack bands,junction with floor reserved. On floor, black, red bands, black inwardpointing stepped triangles,black line, black central dot. Last quarter of the 6th or perhaps into first quarter of the 5th century. 326.
Plate Fig. 14 KP-233. Potters'Quarter,provenience unknown.H. 0.043; D. 0.117. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from three fragments.Missing two legs, all of one handle, and most of other, part of floor, and about two-thirds of rim. Glaze is fired black to orange in places, red paint. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 223-234, no. 1217, pl. 50; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 161, no. 37, fig. 22.
327.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
92
Nearly flat underside;flaring foot curves up to high tripod leg; flaring wall curves out to nearly horizontal rim; rounded lip offset by groove on top; stump of reflex handle. Two black rings at center of underside, two black rings just inside feet, black ring around foot, black ring around circumference of underside, two black lines at bottom underside of rim, horizontal bottom of rim glazed. Black dots on top edge of rim and handles, narrow red band, black zigzag, black line, band to bottom interior of rim. On floor, black line, narrow red band, black dots, black line, black lotus-palmette chain with stepped-trianglepalmettes and with central lotus flowers red, then red line, black short vertical lines. Black line, black short verticallines, red line, black line, dots, line, dots, central circle. Floral decoration similarto that of CVA,Prague 1 [Czechoslovakia 1], pl. 22:5-7. Late 6th or early 5th century. 328.
Plate
P1.20
L-75-241-4. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,pottery lot 75241. Est.D. 0.040. 7.5YR 7/4 to 5YR 7/3 (discolored). Single fragment, broken all around. Flat floor. Black circle or ring at center of underside, then red band, two black lines, wide reserved band, black band or line at break. On floor, red line or band at outer edge of fragment, black line, black tongues with dots between tips, two black lines, red band, black circle at center. Probablylate 6th or early 5th century. Fig. 14 KP-1441. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. H. 0.019; Est.D. 0.290. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Single fragment preserves part of foot, rim, and beginning of floor. CorinthXV, iii, p. 185 (mismeasured),no. 981, pls. 44, 109; Callipolitis-Feytmans 1962, p. 160, no. 6, fig. 22.
329.
Plate
Rounded foot with groove on restingsurface;flaringrim curves to become horizontal; rounded, tapered lip offset by grooves on bottom and top. Wide black band from exterior of foot to just below where rim begins to flare out. Black lines at bottom and top edges of rim, alternating black and red linked lotus buds with irregular black dots in field, then black line, red band, to break. Last quarterof the 6th to early 5th century. Plate Fig. 14 C-64-48. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,pottery lot 2012. H. 0.011; D. (rim) 0.058; D. (foot) 0.043. 10YR 8/3. A few chips missing, otherwise intact. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 176, no. 582, pl. 52.
330.
Low, slightly flaring foot; broad rim with slightly upturned outeredge and low ridge along inner edge. Underside reserved. Exterior of foot glazed, glazed line on exterior of rim (worn). Largeblack dots on top edge of rim, blackline, band, red band, black line, line, band, line. Central dot reserved. Early 5th century. 331.
Plate
KP-2240. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds. M.P.D. 0.045. 7.5YR 7/4. Single fragment preserves part of foot and floor.Corinth XV, iii, p. 305, no. 1664, pl. 66; CallipolitisFeytmans 1962, p. 161, no. 41. Low foot; horizontal floor. Two small black rings at center of underside,two blacklines halfwayto foot, two blacklines inside
of foot, added red on exterior of foot. On floor, three black lines, alternatingred and black tongues outlined in black with scalloped edges (here red is applied directly to clay surface), three black lines, alternating red and black whorl at center. Decoration is close to 606 and 607. Late 6th or first quarter of the 5th century. Plate Fig. 14 KV-599. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. (rim) 0.007; H. (max.) 0.008; D. 0.082. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing part of one handle. Restored in plaster. Corinth XV, iii, p. 328, no. 1917, pls. 71, 117; Callipolitis-Feytmans 1962, p. 161, no. 51, fig. 22. Concave underside;low, slightlyflaringring foot offsetby deep groove;nearlyhorizontal rim with pointed lip offsetbelow and above by grooves; three grooves around the circumferenceof floor, two grooves near center of floor; two reflex handles with applied discs imitating rivet heads. Four black rings on underside. Red, black lines on interior of foot, resting surfaceblack, exterior of foot red, three glazed lines on underside of rim inside groove. Traces of black decoration on handle tops and on discs, three red lines on top of rim, then black alternating stepped triangles, red line at junction with floor. On floor, three black lines, a red line, alternating red and black tongues outlined in black with scalloped tips, then a series of lines: red, two black, red, two black, red. Probablyfirst quarter of the 5th century. 332.
333.
Plate
Fig. 14 KV-603. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.021; D. 0.088. 7.5YR 7/4. Intact. CorinthXV, iii, p. 328, no. 1915, pl. 71; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 161, no. 36, fig. 22; IFAR11.6, p. 28, no. 899.
Flat bottom with three low, flaring feet; flaring rim; two reflex handles with small applied discs imitating rivet heads. Underside reserved. Two rows of black dots on handles (on exterior and top) and onto applied discs at tops of handle tips. Applied discs at handle attachmentsdecoratedwith blackswastikas.On rim, black zetas, thickblackline, blackbrokensingle maeander running left to right, black band.Junction with floor reserved, then red, black, red bands. Two black rings at center. Callipolitis-Feytmanslisted this plate among LC II tripod types, and suggested that it should be about ten years earlier than 327, but a date in the first quarter of the 5th century seems more likely,since a broken single maeander and handles occur together here. 334.
Plate Fig. 14 C-65-473. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, pottery lot 4460. Est.D. 0.035. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Fourjoining fragments preserve almost all of floor and one-fourth of rim. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 164, no. 469, pl. 48.
Slightly concave underside with groove around the circumference, slightly flaring body turns out to flaring rim; groove on top of rim. Three evenly spaced black lines on underside. Black line on lower exterior of rim just above junction with floor, black line below exterior of lip. Black band and two black lines on top of rim, then widely spaced groups of six vertical squiggles each. Red band around circumference of floor, then black line, widely spaced black dot rosettes, two black lines, black alternatingtriangleswith concave sides, four narrowblack rings, central circle reserved. Pemberton suggests a date in the early 5th century.
93
PLATE
Fig. 14 A. H. 0.019; D. KP-160. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine 0.142. 7.5YR 7/4 to 8/4. Intact but worn. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 304-305, no. 1661, pls. 66, 120; Feytmans 1953, p. 42, fig. 2:6; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 160, no. 13.
335.
Plate
Concave underside; low foot with groove on resting surface; flaring rim with rounded lip offset by groove on bottom and shallow depression on top. Small wide black ring at center of underside, wide reservedband, two black rings, wide reserved band, black from inside ridge to exteriorof base. Narrow black band just before rim flares out, applied red from groove at bottom of rim to edge. Exterior edge of rim black to top into groove, adjoining red band, two rows of staggered buds resembling elongated black dots, black band at junction with floor,with applied red line at top, wide reservedband, red line, red, black rings at center. Probablyearly 5th century. Fig. 14 H. H. KP-1735. Deposit 26 (well 1930-8). (rim)0.011; (boss) 0.015; Est.D. 0.138. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Single fragment preserves part of rim and floor. CorinthXV, iii, p. 223, no. 1212, pl. 50; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 160, no. 15. Slightly concave underside;slightlyflaringwall; horizontalrim with squared, upturned lip; small round boss rises from lip. Underside reserved. Traces of red paint on boss. Black dots on top edge of rim. Narrow red band, black line, black linked lotus-palmette chain, with central lotus leaves red, black line, red band to junction with floor. On floor, black line, black two-bar hook maeander, black line, narrow red band, black
336.
Plate
alternatingstepped triangles. Possiblyrelatedto the PainterofKP-2360 (seepp. 140-141). First quarter of the 5th century. 337.
Plate
Table 1
KP-2364. Potters'Quarter,trench H, deposit of miniatures. H. 0.016; Est.D. 0.152 (ca. true). 7.5YR 7/4 to 8/4. Two joining fragmentspreserve about one-third of plate. Center of floor missing, but otherwise full profile preserved. Corinth XV, iii, p. 305, no. 1663, pls. 66, 120; Callipolitis-Feytmans 1962, p. 160, no. 17. Two grooves at center of underside; ridge halfway between center and foot; low foot offiet by groove on underside,beveled on exterior to meet inward-slopingwall, which curves out to flaring rim; one shallow, then one deep groove on top of rim. Narrowblack band on underside of rim wraps aroundthrough firstgroove on top of rim. Deeper groove reserved.Blackclosed single maeander, then black band to circumference of floor. On floor, black, red lines, black running spiral in alternating directions with black dots between spirals, black line, band, line, then center of floor red, as far as preserved. Firstquarter,perhapsinto second quarter,of the 5th century. Fig. 14 KP-159. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.018; D. 0.155. 2.5Y 8/2 to 10YR 7/4. Mended and restored in plaster from two fragments.Missing small fragmentsof rim, wall, and floor. CorinthXV, iii, p. 195, no. 1031, pl. 45; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 162, no. 1, fig. 23. Slightly concave underside rounds up to sharp bevel on exterior; low, concave wall; flaring, horizontal rim with deep groove on top offsettingrounded lip. Underside reserved.Red
338.
Plate
band from bottom edge of rim to top of inside groove, alternating red and black outward-pointingteardrop-shapedbuds attached by vertical lines to black line below, red band atjunction with floor. On floor, two black lines, black elongated dots separated by red vertical lines, two black lines, red band, two black lines, wide reservedband, black ring, center reserved. Callipolitis-Feytmansdates to LC III. Probablyfirst half of the 5th century. 339.
Plate
Fig. 14
KV-857. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds (trench S5). H. 0.090; Est.D.(ca. true)0.092. 10YR8/3. Single fragment preserves about one-fourth of floor, small part of rim, and XV, iii, p. 223, no. 1216, beginning of reflex handle. Corinth pl. 109; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 161, no. 38. Flat bottom rounds up to low, flaring body, which flares out to horizontal, slightly upturned rim; horizontal reflex handle attached at rim. Underside reserved. On top of rim, outlined alternating red and black tongues, red line around circumference of floor, then black linked lotus-palmette chain, with red triangular-basedpalmettes with black splotches, red line at center. The shape and decoration are consistent with a date in the first half of the 5th century,perhaps the first quarter,as others with reflex handles seem to be early. 340.
Plate
L-40-3-1. Deposit 14 (cistern 1940-3). Est.D. 0.110. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preservespart of wall and rim. Low,flaringwallcurvesup to horizontalrim, slightlyconcaveon top. Exteriorcoveredto nearlybottom offragmentwith reddish brown paint or dilute wash. Outer edge of rim glazed. On top of rim, glazed line, glazed broken single maeander left to right, glazed line. Broadglazed band below, as far as preserved. See 339 for similar shape. First half of the 5th century. Plate Fig. 15 KP-1226. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds. H. 0.011; Est.D. 0.112 (ca. true). 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves full profile and most of floor. Missing most of rim. Corinth XV, iii, p. 305, no. 1662, pl. 66; Callipolitis-Feytmans 1962, p. 161, no. 35, fig. 22. Flat bottom curves up to sharply concave, thin, flaring rim with sharply everted edge. Underside reserved. Black dots on exterior edge of rim, two rows of black alternating dots on top of everted edge of rim. Black line, black two-bar hook maeander, black line, black band, red band at junction with floor,then blackline, black alternatingstepped triangles,black line, red band, black line, band, line, black whorl at center. Callipolitis-Feytmansdates to LC II, but a late date is possible. Style of hook maeander indicates date in the first half of the 5th century. 341.
342.
Plate
P1.20
KV-233. Potters'Quarter,Stele ShrineA. H. 0.010; D. 0.062. 7.5YR 7/6. Intact. Glaze is fired black to red, red paint. Flat bottom; low, concave body, curving up to horizontal rim. Scant traces of decoration on top of rim, probably line then two-bar hook maeander. Red painted band to circumference of floor,two glazed lines, painted band, glazed, painted, glazed rings in center. Probablyfirst half of the 5th century.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
94
343
341
345
344
347
346
351
349
352
350
355
353
J
I^7o 356
357
606
360
607 FIG. 15. Plates
343.
Plate
Fig. 15 C-62-296. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,potterylot 1954. H. 0.010; D. 0.072. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing fragmentfrom rim.
Concave underside; low, flaring body; horizontal, slightly downturned rim. Underside reserved. Thick black line on exterior edge of rim, then red line, black zigzag, red line, black band atjunction with floor. On floor, two red lines, black zigzag, two red lines, black band, black ring at center. First half of the 5th century. 344.
Plate
Fig. 15
C-66-112. Peribolos of Apollo, pottery lot 3521. H. 0.024; Est.D. 0.185. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragmentpreservespart of rim and floor.Black glaze is fired orange in places, brownish red paint. Low, false ring base; low wall flares into horizontal rim with rounded lip. Two black lines around the circumference of underside.Interior to exterior of foot red. On exterior of body, black, red lines, two black lines on underside of rim, exterior to top of rim black, then black, black, red, black lines, glazed
outlined downward-pointinginscribed trianglesalternatewith upward-pointingstepped triangles.Two black lines below. On floor, red band, two black lines, then black tongues separated by dilute lines, as far as preserved. See 64 for similar triangulardecoration. Second quarter to third quarter of the 5th century. 345.
Plate
Fig. 15 KP-1041. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.013; D. 0.102. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Mended from three fragments. Small part of floor missing and restored in plaster. Corinth XV, iii, p. 195, no. 1032, pls. 45, 117; Callipolitis-Feytmans 1962, p. 162, no. 6, fig. 23. Underside concave near center, then convex; low foot with slopingexterior;slightlyinset, downcurvingrim with upturned lip. Underside reserved.Blackdots on verticaledge of rim, then wide black, red, black bands on rim. Narrow black, red bands, black zetas, red, black, black rings, large black central dot on floor. Shape similar to 344, but 345 may be slightlylater. Second quarterto third quarter of the 5th century.
PLATE
346.
Plate
Fig. 15 KP-1996. Potters' Quarter,North Road Deposit. H. 0.017; Est.D. 0.200. 7.5YR 7/6 to 10YR 8/4. Four fragments mended to preserve one-fourth of rim, part of foot, and outer floor. CorinthXV, iii, p. 185, no. 980, pls. 44, 117; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 160, no. 11, fig. 22. Concave underside with resting surface at outer edge offset by groove around circumference,rounds up concavely to vertical rim with upturned lip; one groove at bottom of rim, two grooves below lip. Underside reserved. Exterior edge of rim and circumferenceof top black, then alternatingred and black tongues separated by dilute lines, then black band to junction with floor. On floor,black line, purple myrtleleaves with black berries and stems, two black lines, as far as preserved. If the development of the myrtle vines is parallel to that of the ivy vine, a date in the mid 5th century, perhaps into the third quarter,is indicated. Plate Fig. 15, P1.20 KP-132. Potters' Quarter,Aphrodite Deposit. H. 0.012; D. 0.142. 7.5YR 7/6 to 7/4. Mended from several fragments. Missing a few small fragments, restored in plaster. Corinth XV, iii, p. 304, no. 1660, pl. 108 (profile drawing misidentified on pl. 120);Feytmans 1953, p. 42, fig. 2:7; CallipolitisFeytmans 1962, p. 160, no. 16; Newhall 1931, p. 17, fig. 15 left.
347.
Concave bottom, with two grooves at center and one groove at outer circumference,rounds up to low, vertical wall, which turns out at 90 degrees to horizontal rim; two shallow and one deeper groove on underside of rim; upturned vertical lip. Underside reserved. Outer and top edges of rim black, then red line, black broken single maeander, black line, wide black band atjunction with floor.On floor, two blacklines (mergingat one side), black running spiral, with dotted chevrons between spirals above and below, black line, wide red ring, small black ring, central circle reserved. Callipolitis-Feytmansdatesto LC II, but the profilesuggestsa date no earlier than the 5th century. The use of chevrons in the spiral pattern, together with a maeander form similar to those usedby Vrysoulanpainters, indicatesthat the date may be as late as the third or earlier fourth quarterof the 5th century. 348.
Plate
KV-600. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.014; D. 0.091. 10YR 8/3. Mended and restored in plaster from seven fragments. Missing one-fourth of rim and part of floor. CorinthXV, iii, p. 328, no. 1916, pls. 71, 111, 117; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 161, no. 33. Flat bottom with two grooves at center of underside and circumferencegroove on exteriorjust above bottom; flaringwall; nearly horizontal rim offset below by two grooves; sharp, upturned rim. Underside reserved.Blackdots on lip. On rim, two red lines, wide black band to circumference of floor. On floor, black line, red band, black line, black bird with raised wings in silhouette. Callipolitis-Feytmansdates to LC II, but Benson compares 348 to 349 and dates to LC III. Probablymiddle or third quarter of the 5th century. Plate Fig. 15 KV-695. Potters' Quarter, Circle Deposit. H. 0.011; Est.D. (ca. true) 0.098. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from
349.
95
two fragments. Missing half of floor, three-fourthsof rim, and most of lip. Full profilepreserved. Corinth XV, iii, p. 328, no. 1927, pls. 71, 111; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 161, no. 32, fig. 22. Flat bottom with two grooves near center and two near exterior;low, flaring wall; groove, then ridge at junction with horizontal, tapered rim; pointed, upturned lip; two suspension holes in rim. Underside reserved. Black line on exterior edge of rim, black dots on top edge of rim, then red line, blackband to circumference of floor. On floor, narrow red band, black line, black bird on exergue line. Callipolitis-Feytmansdates to LC II, but as Benson notes, a date in the middle or second half of the 5th century is more likely. 350.
Plate
Fig. 15
KV-1233. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 0.009; Est.D. (ca. true) 0.080. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Single fragment preservesone-third of rim and three-fifthsof floor. Glaze is firedblack to red, red paint. Corinth XV, iii, p. 327, no. 1910, 71; 1962, pl. Callipolitis-Feytmans p. 161, no. 47, fig. 22. Slightly concave underside with groove near center and two grooves around circumference;low, flaring body turns out to nearly horizontal rim, convex on bottom, concave on top; thickened lip with nearly flat exterior edge offset below and above by grooves. Black dot at center of underside, exterior groove glazed, wide reservedband, two glazed linesjust inside secondtwo grooves,glazed from exteriorof outermostgrooveto just below where rim flares out horizontally,two glazed lines on underside of rim. Large glazed dots on exterior edge of rim.Interioroflip black,then black,redlines, two widelyspaced blacklines,wide glazed band tojunctionwithfloor.On floor,two glazed lines, black eight-petal rosette, two black rings at center. Callipolitis-Feytmansdates to LC II, but probably middle or second half of the 5th century. Plate Fig. 15 KV-1248. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.010; D. 0.076. 7.5YR 7/4 to 8/4. Mended from four fragments. Missing two fragments from rim. Glaze is fired black to orange, red paint. CorinthXV, iii, p. 328, no. 1919, pls. 71, 108; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 161, no. 48, fig. 22.
351.
Flat bottom with two grooved rings at center. Two grooves at junction of base and wall leave a "foot" between them. Low convex body turns out to horizontal rim offset by ridge on exterior; rounded, thickened lip. Small glazed ring within innermost groove; glazed rings outside each of two central grooves,two glazed ringsjust inside firstgroove at edge of foot, then red band to outer edge of foot. Glazed line on undersideof rim. Blackdots on outer edge of rim. On top of rim, appliedred band, black line, black band. Glazed band to circumference of floor. On floor, two glazed lines, glazed eight-petal rosette, glazed central dot. Callipolitis-Feytmansdates to LC II, but probably middle or third quarterof the 5th century. Fig. 15 KP-1039. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.013; D. 0.099. 10YR 8/3. Missing fragment from rim, restored in XV iii, pp. 195-196, no. 1034, pls. 45, 111, plaster. Corinth 117; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 162, no. 4, fig. 23. Concave underside rounds up to flaring wall, turning out to
352.
Plate
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
96
nearly horizontal rim; thickened lip has flat outer edge. Underside reserved.Black band on the exterior of lip and around circumference of top, then black line, black broken single maeander becoming hook maeander where painter ran out of space, black line, narrow red band at junction with floor, black line. At center of floor, black silhouetted horse and rider face left. Limbs of both figuresare depicted with thin lines. As Benson notes, the legs of the horse bend in the wrong direction. Scene placed on exergue line. Probablymiddle or third quarter of the 5th century. 353.
Fig. 15 KV-1002. Potters' Quarter, Rectangular South Pit. H. 0.013; Est.D. 0.094. 7.5YR 7/4. Half of floor and oneeighth of rim preserved. CorinthXV, iii, p. 201, no. 1079, pl. 117; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 162, no. 8, fig. 23. Slightly convex undersidewith groove near center curvesconcavely to low foot with narrow resting surface;beveled to low, slightlyflaringwall, which curves out to nearly horizontal rim. Underside reserved. Exterior edge to top edge of rim decorated with black dots, black band, black line just above junction with floor, wide reserved band, black line, black two-bar hook maeander,black line, red band, black central circle. The style of hook maeander indicates a date in the middle of the 5th century or later. 354.
Plate
Plate
P1.20
KV-194. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.005; Est.D. 0.050. 7.5YR 8/4. About one-fifthpreserved,with full profile. Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 161, no. 45. Flat bottom; floor thinning toward outer edge, curves up to low, flaring body, which turns out to horizontal, slightly downcurvingrim. Blackline on underside of rim. Exteriorand top edge of rim decorated with row of black dots, then red line, black alternating T's, black line, red band at junction with floor. On floor, two black lines, red band, black line; center floor shows three black dots between two curved black lines, then wedge of red (whorl?). Probablythird quarter of the 5th century. 355.
Plate
Fig. 15, P1.20 C-64-148. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.013; Est.D. 0.120. 5YR 7/6. Mended fragments preserve one-fifth of plate, including full profile.All decoration is red glaze. Pemberton 1970, p. 288, no. 59, fig. 3, pl. 70.
Deep groove at junction of resting surface and wall; flaring sides; flat, grooved rim. Underside reserved. On rim, large dots, line, band, line, band, line, petals. See pp. 149-151 for discussionof the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 356.
Plate
Fig. 15, P1.20 C-64-149. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.032; Est.D. 0.240. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragmentpreservespart of rim and floor. Glaze is fired black to brown, red paint. Pemberton 1970, p. 289, no. 60, fig. 3, pl. 70. Ring foot; sides curve up and out in S-curve, ending in upturned lip. Exterior of foot black, black line just below exterior of lip. Exteriorto interior of lip black, then blackline, alternating red and black tongues separated by black lines, two red lines, black band, as far as preserved. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410.
Plate Fig. 15, P1.20, Table 1 C-64-150. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). Est.D. 0.200; M.P.D. 0.070. 7.5YR 8/4. Rim fragment.
357.
Rim forms S-curve ending in upturned lip; shallow groove on exterior below lip. Exterior of groove to interior of lip black, then red line, black zetas, line, red band, as far as preserved. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 358.
Plate
KV-1264. Potters' Quarter, Circular South Shrine. H. 0.009; D. 0.048. 7.5YR 7/4. Intact but very worn. CorinthXV, iii, p. 204, no. 1093, pls. 47, 107; Pemberton 1970, p. 275; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 163, no. 59. Flat bottom rounds up to low, vertical wall, turning out to horizontal rim, which is convex on top. Underside reserved. On floor, gorgon in outline. Hair outlined with dots, mouth rectangular,protrudingtongue. Pemberton has noted stylistic similarities to lekythoi from the Vrysoula Workshop.This suggests a date in the third or earlierfourth quarter of the 5th century. 359.
Plate
P1.20
C-65-427. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, pottery lot 4474. M.PD. 0.105. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment, broken all around. Glaze is fired black to brown, brownishred paint. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 128, no. 284, pl. 30. Flat, horizontal floor. Underside reserved. Black band, black line, figuredscene entirelyin glaze and consistingof quadruped in profile to right followed by bird, both in silhouette, filler of X's with chevrons in field below quadruped, then black line, red band, as far as preserved. Pemberton dates 359 to the late 5th or early 4th century. Plate Fig. 15 L-72-2-3. Forum Southwest, pottery lot 72-2. H. 0.039; Est.D. 0.180. 10YR 8/3. Single fragment preserves part of rim and edge of floor.
360.
Flat bottom, with groove around the circumference,curvesup to verticalbody; flaringrim; upturned lip. Underside reserved, as far as preserved.Black dots on exterior edge of rim. Red line on top of lip, then black band, black zetas, wide black band to junction with floor. On floor, red band, as far as preserved. Late 5th century to second quarter of the 4th century. 361.
Plate
KV-243. Potters'Quarter,TerracottaFactory,deposit 1. H. 0.008; D. 0.044. 2.5Y 8/2. Intact. CorinthXV, iii, p. 328, no. 1928, pl. 71; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 163, no. 42. Flat bottom; body flares up to horizontal rim. Underside reserved. Black band on exterior and top edge of rim, then black line, red band to junction with floor. On floor,blackline, wide black band, small central circle reserved and decorated with black dot. Second half of the 4th century.
EXALEIPTRON
97
EXALEIPTRON Exaleiptra are characterized by deep, incurving rims, designed as barriers against spillage.76 The Corinthian exaleiptron, often a grave offering elsewhere, is found almost exclusively in domestic deposits in Corinth.77 The shape typically receives Conventionalizing decoration, and the main decorative zone is the shoulder. In the first quarter of the 6th century, the center of gravity is at the top of the vessel, and the profile from foot to rim shows a continuous spiral curve (see 362 and 363). The entire body below the handle zone is glazed, with fine lines of added white and purple at the top and bottom of this zone. The handle zone is reserved, and the shoulder is decorated with dotted bands. In the second quarter of the 6th century, the center of gravity is lowered to mid-height, and the lower body is no longer glazed. An example from a tomb at Examilia has an almost biconical profile.78 During the second half of the century, the curve is loosened to give a more rounded appearance, and the rim becomes vertical, as seen on 367 and 393.79 The center of gravity rises to just above mid-height in the last quarter of the 6th century,80 and the curve at the junction between the shoulder and the rim becomes tighter by the late 6th or early 5th century. Examples include 371-373.81
These developments continue during the first half of the 5th century.82 The tightening of the curve at the top of the rim causes the rim to flare toward the inner wall of the body. The shoulder also rises and becomes more sharply distinguished from the body, as on 376. The profiles of the exaleiptron fragment from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1) and the examples from deposit 22 (well 1934-10) are very angular in appearance.83 This angularity becomes more pronounced in the 4th century, as seen on 388 and 389 from deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). 390 from the Terracotta Factory, which may be dated in the second half of the 4th century, has a tall, angular biconical profile and a vertical rim. The overall decorative scheme of the exaleiptron is consistent from the mid 6th century on. The exterior of the foot is glazed. The body is reserved, except for a single band or a line or two below the handle zone. The top of the horizontal reflex handle is glazed. The various shoulder patterns (usually buds, maeanders, or opposing stepped triangles) are bordered by lines or narrow bands, and bands decorate the rim. The lower half of the interior wall and the outer part of the floor are glazed. A second, and uncommon, exaleiptron form has a very different profile and decoration. The body is bisected by a ridge, and a second ridge offsets the shoulder. The lower body may be decorated with thin, widely spaced rays, or it may be left plain. Individual examples are discussed below in Chapter 5. None were found in securely dated contexts, but dates in the middle of the 6th century to the early 5th century seem likely on the basis of the decoration. 76
For further discussions of the shape, see CorVP,p. 474; Bentz 1982, pp. 80-85; Burrows and Ure 1911; Scheibler 1964, 1968; AgoraXXIII, p. 49 ("kothon");Campbell 1946, pp. 54-75. 77
CorVP,p. 474. See, for example, Sindos, where several
graves contained Corinthian exaleiptra: Sindos,p. 56, no. 76; p. 134, no. 216; p. 159, no. 250; p. 222, no. 356; p. 225, no. 360; p. 248, nos. 403 and 405; p. 288, no. 474; and others. Exaleiptrawere occasionally included among grave goods in the Corinthia (see Lawrence 1964, pp. 96, 100, no. E23 [C-60-124], pl. 19) but are not among the requisite offerings. Corinthian Conventionalizingexaleiptraare sometimes found in funerary contexts in the West too. See, for example, Andreassi, Scattarella and De Lucia 1988, p. 284; De Miro et al. V, 1988, p. 305, Tomba 520; Maruggi 1990, p. 19; Morgantina pp. 39, 44-45. As Amyx also notes, exaleiptrahave been found in sanctuary deposits at Perachora and Argos. For miniatures
in a votive deposit at Thorikos, see Devillers 1988, pp. 30-31. Exaleiptra are not typically found in sanctuaries at Corinth, however,although a few may be associated with stele shrines. 78 Lawrence 1964, 96, no. E23, pl. 19. p. 79 See also the rounded profiles of Sindos,pp. 224-225, no. 360, from a tomb dated ca. 540; pp. 253-254, no. 412, from a tomb dated to the third quarter of the 6th century. 80 See, for example, Sindos,pp. 248-249, no. 405, dated ca. 530-510. 81 See also Roberts 1986, p. 49, no. 329; Sindos, pp. 288-289, no. 474. 82 The wall of Sindos, pp. 286-287, no. 470, from a grave dated ca. 480-460, is not so rounded as that of 373, and the shoulder is straighter. 83 Also angular, but taller than the examples from deposit 22, is Sindos,pp. 310-311, no. 519, froma gravedated ca. 440.
98
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
P1.21 Exaleiptron C-47-723. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.056; Max.D. 0.150. 10YR 8/3. Missing fragment from rim and one return of handle. Bentz 1982, pp. 335-336, no. D3-96, fig. 27. Convex underside;slightlyflaringring foot; convex body flares up to roundedshoulder,spiralingdown into rounded, outwardcurving rim; small strap loop handle, attached horizontally at maximum diameter,canted upward.Black dot and thin ring at center of underside, interior of foot black, resting surface reserved. Exterior of foot reserved. Body below handle zone black, with added white, purple, white lines at bottom of body and added white, purple lines below handle. Handle zone reserved. Handle black. Above handle, black double dotted band bordered by black lines. Purple band on top of shoulder. Rim black. Floor black, with central reservedcircle. In central reserved circle, purple, black rings, and black central dot. First quarter of the 6th century. 362.
363.
P1.21 Exaleiptron C-47-724. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). PH. 0.048; Max.D. 0.154. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. Most of bottom and one side missing. Bentz 1982, p. 335. Slightly flaring ring foot; convex body flares up to rounded shoulder, spiraling down into rounded outward-curvingrim; small strap loop handle, attached horizontally at maximum diameter. Interior of foot black, remainder of foot reserved, body black to below handle zone, with added white, purple, white lines over the black at the bottom of the body. Added white, purple lines below handle zone. Handle zone reserved, with a few black and purple splatters. Handle black. Above handle zone, black double dotted band bordered by black, black, purple lines, then black line, purple band. Rim black. Floor black, as far as preserved. The rim is more loosely spiraled than on 362, and the handle is not canted, but they are otherwise close in shape and decoration. First, perhaps into second quarter of the 6th century. 364.
P1.21 Exaleiptron C-53-131. Deposit 3 (well 1953-1). M.PD. 0.089. 10YR 8/3. Single fragment, broken all around. All preserveddecoration is worn black glaze. Brann 1956, p. 363, no. 44, pi. 53.
Part of convex shoulder.Junction of body and shoulder reserved, then two lines, outlined tongues with scalloped edges. Ca. 600-540. 365.
P1.21 Exaleiptron KP-1681. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. M.PD. 0.052. 10YR 8/3 to 8/4. Single fragment, broken all around. Convex shoulder.Dilute line, double dotted band, dilute line, black "pomegranate" dotted net pattern, with four rows of carefullydrawn circulardots separated by dilute lines. Dots in bottom row each have three downward-pointingshort lines. Top row of dots have same pointing upward. Possible traces of added red on some dots. Then two black lines, red band, black at top of rim, as far as preserved. Middle to third quarter of the 6th century. 366.
P1.21, Table 1 Exaleiptron KP-1582. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. M.PD. 0.039. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment, broken all around.
Convex shoulder.Red double-dotted band separatedby black lines, narrow added red band, black line, black loop pattern, black line or band at junction with rim. Middle or third quarter of the 6th century. 367.
P1.21 Exaleiptron C-47-722. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.070; Max.D. 0.170. 7.5YR 7/4 to 2.5Y 8/2. Mended from many fragmentsand restored in plaster. Missing most of reflex handle and fragmentsfrombase, body,and rim. Complete profilepreserved. Bentz 1982, p. 336, no. D3-97, fig. 28. Low underside; wide ring foot; squat shape with maximum diameter at mid-body; sloping, convex shoulderjoins downturned vertical rim at an angle; horizontal reflex strap handle at maximum diameter.Black dot and thin purple ring at center of underside, two purple lines around the circumference,interior of foot black. Resting surface reserved, exterior of foot black. Black line on body below handle. Top of handle black. On shoulder,purple line, black double-dotted band bordered by black lines, then purple, black lines, wide reserved band. Around mouth, two black lines. Black, purple, black bands on rim. Lowerhalf of interiorof body and outer half of floor black. Central reserved circle on floor decorated with two groups of two thin purple rings each. Sindos,pp. 158-159, no. 249, related to the Serpentine Group, has the same profile. Third quarter of the 6th century. 368.
Exaleiptron KP-201. Potters' Quarter, Northwest Angle Deposit. H. 0.060; Max.D. 0.150. 2.5Y 8/2 to 5Y 8/3. Mended from many fragmentsand restored in plaster.Most of handle and severalfragmentsfrom body missing. Corinth XV, iii, p. 307, no. 1677, pls. 66, 120. Low, flaring ring foot; rounded, nearly biconical body; downturned, overhangingrim; stump of reflex handle at maximum diameter. Two small black rings at center of underside, two black lines inside foot, interior of foot black, resting surface reserved.Exterior of foot and junction with body black. Black band below handle, black line above handle, black doubledotted band bordered by red, black, red lines. Reserved band, red, black lines, black band. Red band on junction with rim continues on top half of rim. Black band on bottom half of rim. Bottom half of interior wall and circumferenceof floor black. On floor, red, black, red lines, wide reserved band, then two small black rings at center. Profile as 367. Third quarterof the 6th century. 369.
P1.21 Exaleiptron C-37-2460. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). PH. 0.025; M.P.D. 0.097. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Two joining fragments preservepart of shoulder. Bentz 1982, p. 84. Rounded shoulder broken at juncture to downturned rim. Wide reservedarea, purpleline, fourblacklines. Widelyspaced alternating purple and black tongues outlined in black with scalloped edges. Two black lines, black band from top of shoulder to interior of rim, as far as preserved. Second half of the 6th century,probably third quarter. 370.
P1.21 Exaleiptron KP-1783. Potters' Quarter, North Dump. P.H. 0.022; Est. Max.D. 0.170. 7.5YR 8/4. Three joining fragments pre-
EXALEIPTRON
serve part of shoulder and rim. Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, p. 307, no. 1680 (KP-2601, here 664). Rounded convex shoulder curves down to rim. Outer edge of shoulder reserved, two narrow black bands, black outlined tongues with scalloped edges, narrow black band. Narrow black band at junction with rim. Rim black. Second half of the 6th century. 371.
P1.21 Exaleiptron C-37-2461. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). PH. 0.033. 10YR 8/3. Three joining fragmentspreservehandle and part of shoulder. Decoration is nearly worn off. Campbell 1938, p. 594, no. 138, fig. 18; Bentz 1982, p. 84. Convex shoulder;horizontal reflex handle. Two narrow red(?) bands, linked lotus buds, two black lines, red band. Top of handle black. Late 6th or early 5th century. 372.
P1.21 Exaleiptron C-37-987. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). H. 0.062; D. (foot)0.112; Max.D. 0.159. 10YR 8/4. Mended from severalfragments. Complete foot and most of body, rim, and handle preserved. Campbell 1938, p. 594, no. 135, fig. 18. Flat underside; flaring ring foot; squat, globular body curves into downturned, overhanging rim; horizontal reflex handle at maximum diameter. Black dot at center of underside, then three purple rings; two purple lines and a black band inside foot. Foot purple. Black line at bottom of body, black line below handle. On shoulder,purple, purple, black,purple lines, alternating black and purple outward-pointing buds, purple band, black band to interior of lip. Lower half of interior of body and outer half of floor black, with purple line, center of floor reservedwith small purple ring. Late 6th or early 5th century. 373.
P1.22 Exaleiptron C-37-1049. Deposit 8 (well 1937-3). H. 0.052; D. (foot) 0.103. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 7/4. Mended from many fragments and restoredin plaster.Missinghandle and large fragments from base, body and rim. Complete profilepreserved. Campbell 1938, p. 594, no. 136, fig. 18; Bentz 1982, p. 84. Low,verticalring foot; convex body; downturned,overhanging rim. Traces of black rings on underside. Black band on lower body. On shoulder, black band, double-dotted band. Black, red bands on lip. Bottom half of interior black. Late 6th or early 5th century. P1.22, Table 1 Exaleiptron KP-1023. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. H. 0.051; Max.D. 0.123. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Mended from several fragments. Missing center of bottom, one-half of wall and shoulder,all of rim and handle. All preserved decoration is worn glaze fired red.
374.
Low ring foot; reflex handle. Two lines around circumference of underside, interior of foot glazed, resting surface reserved. Exteriorof foot glazed. Line below handle zone. Above handle zone, four lines, zigzag bordered below and above by lines, another line, then band from top of shoulder to top interior of rim. Interior reserved, as far as preserved. Late 6th or early 5th century.
99
375.
P1.22, Table 1 Exaleiptron C-72-135a-b. Sacred Spring Central, pottery lot 72-98. (a) D. (foot) 0.085; (b) Est.D. (rim) 0.090. 7.5YR 7/4 to 10YR 8/3. Mended from many fragments,preservingprofile, except for join just below shoulder. (a) Fragment of foot and lower body. (b)Upper body, shoulder,and rim. (a) slightly flaring disc foot; rounded lower body. (b) sharply curvedjunction of upper body with shoulder;sloping shoulder with vertical, downturned rim; stump of reflex handle below shoulder. Black dot and wide ring at center of underside, on underside two lines next to foot, interior and exterior of foot glazed, dilute band just above foot, dilute line below handle, black on handle return and top of handle. Above handle on shoulder,red line, narrow black band, red line, black two-bar hook maeander, red line, black band continuing onto interior of rim, then red line, black band. Lower half of interiorof body and most of floor black, with reservedcentral dot. Shoulder slightlymore rounded than those of the exaleiptra from well 1934-10 but otherwise very close. Mid 5th century. 376.
Fig. 16 Exaleiptron L-75-38-1. ForumSouthwest, pottery lot 75-38. PH. 0.023; Est.D. (mouth) 0.080. 10YR 8/3. Single fragment. All preserved decoration is dilute glaze. Sloping shoulder and downturned rim. Three lines, elongated closely spaced buds, two lines. Rim glazed, as far as preserved. Context just after the mid 5th century. 377. Exaleiptron P1.22
C-34-991. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. 0.049; D. (foot) 0.100; Max.D. 0.138; D. (mouth)0.084. 10YR 8/4. Mended from many fragments. Missing a few small fragmentsfrom bottom and body and three-fourthsof rim. Full profiledand handle preserved.All decoration is black glaze. Pease 1937, p. 284, no. 82. Rounded underside;low ring foot with broad, flat resting surface; low, nearlybiconical body,with the lower half convex and the upper half nearly straight,taperingto vertical, downturned rim;horizontalreflexhandle at maximum diameter.Small ring at center of underside,two lines, band on inside of foot, resting surface reserved. Exterior of foot glazed, two lines on lower body. On shoulder, four lines, zetas, three lines. Rim and top of handle black. Wide band and narrow ring on floor. Ca. 460-420. 378.
P1.22 Exaleiptron C-34-992. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. 0.048; D. (foot) 0.101; Max.D. 0.143. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Mended trom many fragments.Missing one-fourthof foot, fragments from body,and most of rim. Full profileand stump of handle preserved.Pease 1937, p. 284, no. 83, fig. 22; CorV, p. 474. Convex underside;low ring foot with flat resting surface;low, nearly biconical body, with the lower half convex and the upper half straight. Shoulder slopes to vertical, downturnedrim; horizontal reflex handle at maximum diameter. Two rings and dot on underside, interior of foot glazed, resting surface reserved. Exterior of foot glazed, two glazed lines on lower body, four glazed lines on shoulder, then alternating stepped triangles, three glazed lines. Black, red bands on rim. Top of handle black. Wide black band on floor, narrow red band, central circle reserved. Ca. 460-420.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
100
376
381 383
1*
389
388
FIG.
16. Exaleiptra
P1.22 Exaleiptron C-34-993. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. 0.047; D. (foot) 0.098; Max.D. 0.145. 10YR 8/4. Mended from many fragments. Missing one-fourth of foot, nearly one-half of lower body, one-fourth of shoulder, and nearly all of rim. Lip missing.Handle preserved. Pease 1937, p. 284, no. 84. Slightly convex underside; low ring foot with slanting resting surface;low, nearly biconical body, with the lower half convex and the upper half straight;shoulder slopes to vertical, downturned rim; horizontal reflex handle at maximum diameter. Two rings and small central circle at underside.Interiorof foot glazed, resting surface reserved. Exterior of foot glazed, two glazed lines on lower half of body, four dilute lines on upper half. Upward-pointingstepped triangles alternatingwith large dots, dilute line, two black lines on shoulder.Rim black, as far as preserved. Top of handle black. Most of floor black, with central circle reserved and decorated with narrow red band ring. Ca. 460-420.
379.
P1.22 Exaleiptron C-34-994. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. 0.051; D. (foot) 0.101; Max.D. 0.138. 10YR 8/3 to 10YR 8/4. Mended from many fragments.Missing small fragmentsfrom underside, one-fourth of body, tiny fragment from rim. Complete profile and handle preserved. Pease 1937, p. 284, no. 85, fig. 20.
380.
Low ring foot with broad resting surface offset from underside by broad groove; low, nearly biconical body, with the lower half convex and the upper half straight;shoulder slopes to vertical, downturned rim; horizontal reflex handle at maximum diameter.Two lines aroundthe circumferenceofundersurface, interiorof foot glazed, restingsurfacereserved.Exteriorof foot glazed, two dilute glazed lines on lower body. On shoulder,red line, two blacklines, red line, glazed verticalsquiggles,red line, two blacklines. Black, red bands on interiorof rim. Top of handle black. Interior entirely glazed, except for central reserved circle on floor,which is decorated with narrow red ring. Decoration very close to 378, but shape of foot is different. Ca. 460-420.
381.
Fig. 16, P1.22 Exaleiptron C-64-314. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). M.P.D. 0.043. 10YR 8/4 to 5YR 8/4 (core). Single fragment, broken all around. Pemberton 1970, p. 288, no. 55, pl. 70. Part of upper body, sloping shoulder, and beginning of vertical downturned rim. Upper body reserved. On shoulder,red line, two dilute lines, brown painted line, black two-bar hook maeander,brown painted line, two dilute lines. On rim, dilute band, then brown painted band, as far as preserved. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410, by context. 382.
Exaleiptron KP-1442a-c. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Three nonjoining fragments (from four fragments). All is decoration dark brown glaze. CorinthXV, iii, p. 186, no. 989, pls. 44, 108. Sloping shoulder. Reserved zone, three lines. Widely spaced pairs of ivy leaves and berry clusterson wavy stems descending from two lines above. Rim glazed, as far as preserved. Second half of the 5th century. Fig. 16, P1.23 Exaleiptron C-73-232a-b. Lechaion Road East, pottery lot 73-69. H. 0.047; Est.D. (foot) 0.102; Est.Max.D. 0.136. 10YR 8/3. Two fragments,each mended from many smallerfragments, preservemost of profile. Missing most of base and foot, half of body, and two-thirdsof rim. Cream slip over all.
383.
Slightly inset base with low, flaring ring foot; rounded walls curve into shoulder.Vertical, downturned rim; stump of reflex handle preservedat maximum diameter.Small black ring and dot at center of underside, two black rings around the circumference. Interior of foot, exterior of foot, and junction with body black. Dilute line at mid-body.Red line, and three dilute lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder, black outwardpointing teardrop-shapedbuds pendant from red line, black line above. On rim, black, black, red bands. Lower half of interior of wall and most of floor black. Central circle reserved and decorated with two red rings. Late 5th century.
EXALEIPTRON
P1.23 Exaleiptron C-37-192bis. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). H. 0.067; D. (foot) 0.089; D. (mouth)0.076. 1OYR8/4. Mended and restoredin plaster from several fragments. Complete profile and complete foot preserved, several fragments missing from body, shoulder,and rim.
384.
Concave underside; disc foot; globular body, with maximum diameter above mid-point, curving into vertical, downturned rim with rounded lip; horizontal reflex strap handle at maximum diameter.Two rings and central dot on underside.Exterior of foot glazed. Glazed line below maximum diameter.On shoulder,three glazed lines, dotted zigzag, line, band to base of rim. Added purple band on base of rim. Top of handle black. Interiorof floor and lower body glazed to maximum diameter. Proportionsgenerally as 390 but slightly higher and much more rounded. Probably first quarter of the 4th century, though some material in this context may be as late as ca. 360. P1.23 Exaleiptron L-37-2-15. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). M.PD. 0.039. 7.5YR 7/6 to 7/4. Single fragment. Purplish red paint, brown paint, dilute glaze. Slightlyconvex shoulder.Red, brown, red painted lines, brown painted two-bar hook maeander,red line, traces of dilute glaze above. 4th century to ca. 360. 385.
P1.23 Exaleiptron L-37-2-14. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). M.PD. 0.044. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Single fragment. Slightly convex shoulder. Red, black lines, three very narrow closely spaced red lines, black two-bar hook maeander, red line, traces of black at break. 4th century to ca. 360. 386.
P1.23, Table 1 Exaleiptron L-37-2-13. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). M.PD. 0.064. O1YR 8/3. Single fragment. Slightly convex shoulder. Red, black, red lines, fluid black three-barsigmas, red line, black at break(atjunction with rim). 4th century to ca. 360. 387.
101
388.
Exaleiptron Fig. 16, P1.23 L-37-2-12. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). PH. 0.022; Est.D. (rim) 0.080. 10YR 8/3. Single fragment. Black glaze and matte-brownpaint. Slightly convex shoulder rounds down to nearly straight,vertical rim. Reserved band at junction of body and shoulder.On shoulder, brown line, narrow black band, brown line, black two-bar hook maeander, brown line. Junction with rim black, wide brown band, bottom interior of rim black. 4th century to ca. 360. 389.
Exaleiptron Fig. 16, P1.23, Table 1 la-b. L-37-2-1 Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). PH. 0.025. 10YR 8/4 to 7.5YR 7/4 (slip); 5YR 7/4 (core). Two nonjoining fragments (mended from four). Exterior covered with fine buff slip. Nearly straightshoulder rises to turn down sharply to slightly concave, vertical rim.Junction of body and shoulder reserved. On shoulder,purple line, narrowblackband, purple line, black two-barhook maeander,purple line, wide blackband fromtop edge of shoulderto top third rim, then purple band, blackband to bottom of rim. Lower interior of wall black. 4th century to ca. 360. 390.
Table 1 Exaleiptron KP-2532. Potters'Quarter,TerracottaFactory,deposit9. H. 0.045; Max.D. 0.110. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Mended and restoredin plasterfrom severalfragments,preservingabout three-fifths of vessel, including full profile. CorinthXV, iii, p. 214, no. 1152, pls. 48, 109, 118.
Slightly concave underside;slightlyflaringring foot; nearlybiconical shape with maximum diameter above mid-point, turning sharplyto vertical, downturned rim; reflexhandle at maximum diameter. Glaze is fired black to red on underside. Two small rings at center.At circumferenceof underside,two lines, band. Exterior of foot black. Two black lines below handle. Above the handle are red, black, red lines. On the shoulder, a black broken loop pattern resembles a running spiral. Then there is a black line, a black band at junction with the rim, a red band on center of rim, and a black line at bottom edge of rim. Bottom half of wall and most of floor black. Central circle reserved. Second half of the 4th century.
MINIATURE EXALEIPTRON Miniature exaleiptron KV-508. Potters'Quarter,Erosa Shrine. H. 0.022; D. 0.058. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XV, iii, p. 337, no. 2049, pl. 73. Low ring foot; squat, rounded body, downturned, incurving rim. Wide black ring and dot at center of underside, red ring around circumference. Black band on exterior at junction of foot and body, red line below handle, red line in handle zone and on handle, three red lines on shoulder. Floor black, with added red ring around circumference. Second half of the 6th century. 391.
Miniature exaleiptron KV-1007. Potters' Quarter, trenchJ deposit. H. 0.025; D. 0.055. 10YR 8/2. Intact. Very worn. Corinth XV, iii, p. 337, no. 2036, pl. 73.
392.
Ring foot; low, ovoid body; downturned, curved rim; horizontal straploop handle. Two rings at center of underside,interior of foot black, resting surface reserved. Exterior of foot black, three blacklines, four groups of seven to ten short verticallines each in handle zone. Red, black, red, black, black lines to rim. Black dots on top of handle. On floor, wide black band, small black ring. Second half of the 6th century. 393.
Miniature exaleiptron
KV-1012. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 0.033; Max.D. 0.079. 10YR 8/3. Mended from three fragments. Corinth XV, iii, p. 307, no. 1681, pl. 120. High, flaring ring foot; rounded body curves into downturned rim; horizontal reflex handle at maximum diameter. Interior
102
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
and exterior of foot black. Black line above foot, red, black, red lines below handle. Bottom and top of handle black. On shoulder,blackdouble-dottedband borderedby red, black,red lines, wide reservedband, blackline aroundrim, red band from junction with rim to top one-third interiorof rim, blackband to bottom of rim. Bottom half of interior wall and circumference of floor black. Center of floor reserved,with two black rings. Second half of the 6th century. 394.
Miniature exaleiptron
KV-584. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.015; D. 0.050. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. CorinthXV, iii, p. 337, no. 2039, pl. 73. Low, flaring ring foot; rounded body; vertical, downturned rim. Two black rings and dot near center of underside, two black rings around circumference. Added red on interior of foot, resting surface reserved. Added red on exterior of foot,
red line near bottom of body, black line below handle. Above handle, black double-dotted band separatedby red, black, red lines. Then black zigzag, red, black lines. On rim, added red band, black band. Floor red, with central circle reserved. Probablylate 6th or early 5th century. 395.
Miniature exaleiptron KV-1010. Potters' Quarter, Terracotta Factory.H. 0.021; D. 0.051. 10YR 8/2 to 2.5Y 8/2. Intact. CorinthXV, iii, p. 337, no. 2048, pl. 73. Slightly concave disc foot; high, angular body and shoulder; downturned rim. Exterior of foot red. Black bands at bottom of body, mid-body, and junction with shoulder. On shoulder, red, black lines, black zetas, black line. Top edge of rim red. Bottom edge of rim black. Bottom half of interior black, with large circle reservedon floor. 4th century.
OINOCHOE The oinochoe is one of the most common Conventionalizing shapes.84 Nearly all Conventionalizing oinochoai are broad-bottomed vessels with trefoil mouths and cylindrical, concave, or convex bodies, though other oinochoe shapes are found. Miniature olpai, such as 499, are occasionally decorated in the Conventionalizing style. Other oinochoai, such as 500, 501, 502, 504, and 673, with ring bases and contracted lower bodies, show that Conventionalizing decoration can also appear on shapes that are more commonly black-glazed. Broad-bottomed oinochoai with Conventionalizing decoration generally range in height from miniatures to about 0.150 m., and most are under 0.100 m. A few unusually large examples are known, however, among them the Demeter sanctuary and North Cemetery vases mentioned above. Other large Conventionalizing oinochoai include 505, 506, and 648. Although oinochoai are common in Archaic graves and are nearly always found in Corinthian graves of the Classical period, the larger plain, black-glazed, and semiglazed forms were preferred to Conventionalizing versions, which tend to be smaller and probably fulfilled the same function as aryballoi and lekythoi.85 At Corinth, Conventionalizing oinochoai are rarely found in funerary contexts.86 Numerous examples, on the other hand, have been found in the Potters' Quarter, at Vrysoula, at the Asklepieion, and in the Forum area. CYLINDRICAL, BROAD-BOTTOMED OINOCHOE
The non-figured Middle Corinthian cylindrical broad-bottomed oinochoe has a low, slightly rounded, nearly cylindrical body, which curves into a sloping shoulder. The main decorative zone is the body, and much of the vase is glazed. The shape remains much the same when the heavy use of black glaze is abandoned for the "white style," but most of the body is now reserved, and more attention is now paid to the shoulder.87 The body becomes less rounded and more cylindrical during the second half of the 6th century, and the body again receives patterned decoration. Three variations on this shape develop in the 5th century, distinguished by their wall profiles (cylindrical, convex, and concave). The direct descendant of the earlier form is the cylindrical, broad-bottomed oinochoe, in which the flat bottom of the vessel projects beyond the cylindrical body. The shoulder slopes up to a narrow cylindrical neck, which flares out to a trefoil mouth. 84 85
Necrocorinthia,pp. 336-337, nos. 1536-1552.
Bentz 1982, p. 39. Bentz' suggestion that aryballoi and Conventionalizingbroad-bottomedoinochoai sharedthe same function is supported by the proliferation of these oinochoai at and after the time of the demise of aryballoi.
86 See Corinth XIII, pp. 97, 109-112, 130-139. 87
XIII, pp. 186-187, no. 160-6 (T-3196, Compare: Corinth no. 180-4 (T-1563, early white style), MC), pl. 24; p. 194, pl. 27.
OINOCHOE
103
A high-swung handle is attached at the base of the shoulder and at the rim. The cylindrical body is low and wide at first and becomes taller and slimmer with time. The wall becomes slightly concave around the middle of the 5th century. This is best illustrated by the material
from deposit 22 (well 1934-10), which yielded both straight-walledand concave-walledtypes. All the examples from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1) have slightly concave walls, with the exception of 407, which has a slightly convex wall. 427 and 428 are close to the Vrysoula examples in shape and style and are probably contemporary in date, even though they were found in deposits with
later material. 433 has a shape slightlymore developed than the oinochoai from deposit 23, but it should not be much later. The main decorative zone is on the body. Decoration ranges from simple bands to more
complex motifs, including lotus-palmettechains, buds, maeanders, alternating stepped triangles, and spirals. Figured decoration is rare, and when it occurs, it generally is found on the shoulder, replacing the more usual tongues, as seen on 411. P1.23 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe C-63-473. Kokkinovrisi,potterylot 1451. P.H.0.024; M.P.D. 0.033. 7.5YR 8/4 (slip)to 5YR 7/6 (core).Single fragment, broken all around.
396.
399.
Verticalsides; rounded shoulder.Tips of black rays, black line, added red line, black line, black loop-and-dot pattern, added red line and two black lines at junction with shoulder, black
Upper wall and junction with shoulder. Black loop with red loop inside and black teardropin center.To right, part of black downward-pointing stepped triangle. Red band at junction with shoulder,as far as preserved. See Perachora II, p. 273, nos. 2609, 2610, pl. 112. Second half of the 6th century.
Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-2430. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. M.P.D. 0.047. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves part of wall and shoulder. Corinth XV, iii, p. 303, no. 1653, pl. 66.
alternatingstepped triangles. See p. 27 above for discussion of dotted loop pattern. Middle or third quarter of the 6th century. P1.23 Cylindrical, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-39-229. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). PH. 0.035; D. (base) 0.043. 7.5YR 7/4. Neck and handle missing. Slightly concave underside; foot articulatedfrom body, which flares out slightly from foot; cylindricalbody curves into sloping shoulder; neck ring. Underside reserved. Exterior of foot black.On body, narrowred band, four-rowblackcheckerboard pattern. Enclosed double-dotted band at junction with shoulder.Alternatingred and black tongues outlined with scalloped edges. Neck ring red. Shape between 396 and 398. Second half, probably third quarter,of the 6th century. 397.
Cylindrical, broad-bottomed oinochoe P1.23, Table 1 C-47-173. Deposit 10 (well 1947-1). PH. 0.058; Max.D. 0.067. 10YR 8/4 to 7/6. Mouth, handle, and fragment of bottom missing. Disc base with slightly concave bottom; squat, nearly cylindrical body with rounded, horizontal shoulder;neck ring.Underside reserved. Exterior of foot black. On body, three-rowpurple and black checkerboard. Black hatched band at junction with shoulder is a late form of double-dotted band. Alternating purple and black tongues on shoulder.Neck ring and neck purple, as far as preserved. The decorative scheme is very common for this shape. Parallels include CVA,Stuttgart 1 [Germany 25], pl. 16:1; CVA, Mainz 1 [Germany 15], pl. 29:4-6 (CorVP, p. 483, note 164); Hornbostel no. 1980, pp. 47-48, 98; 72, 1996, Marangou p. no. 35; Morgantina V, p. 216, no. 39-5, pl. 66. Second half of the 6th century,probablylater than 397 and earlier than 401. 398.
Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-115. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. H. (with restoration) 0.054; D. (base) 0.047. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Missing mouth and neck, handle, small fragment from body. Restored in plaster. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 302-303, no. 1652, pi. 65; IFAR11.6, p. 24, no. 859.
400.
Slightlyconcavebase projectsbeyond body; low body; rounded shoulder;flat neck ring; thin neck. Underside reserved.Bottom exterior edge of foot reserved,then black. On body,blackline, two rows of black checkerboardbordered below,between, and above by purple lines. At shoulder, three black lines, black tongues. Top of shoulder and neck ring purple. See 398. Second half of the 6th century,probably last quarter. P1.23 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe T-2900. North Cemetery, grave 253. H. (rim) 0.058; H. (with handle) 0.072; D. 0.056. 10YR 8/3. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 212, no. 253-2, pl. 35. Flat bottom projects beyond body; nearly cylindrical body; nearly flat shoulder; small neck and mouth; high-swung handles. Underside reserved. Exterior of foot red. On body, black line, a row of black vertical bars bordered below and above by blacklines, then a row of black vertical bars borderedbelow by a blackline and above by a red line. On shoulder,two black lines, red line, black tongues with black scalloped outline. Top of shoulderand neck red. Exteriorand interiorof mouth black. Bottom third of handle red, remainder black. Last quarterof the 6th century. 401.
Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-125. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. H. (as restored) 0.045; D. 0.052. Missing mouth, neck, handle, and part of
402.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
104
405
433
420
FIG.17. Cylindrical,broad-bottomedoinochoai shoulder.Restored in plaster. Corinth XV, iii, p. 302, no. 1651, pl. 65; IFAR11.6, p. 23, no. 854. Slightly concave bottom projects beyond body; cylindrical; body, rounded shoulder. Underside reserved. Upper edge of exterior of base black. On body, red line, black elongated dots, two red lines, closely spaced black vertical bars. Red line, two black lines, red line at junction with shoulder. Black tongues on shoulder.Top of shoulder to neck red, as far as preserved. Handle undecorated, as far as preserved. The shape is between those of 401 and 403. Decoration as CVA,Cambridge 1 [Great Britain 6], pl. IV:33. Late 6th century. Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe P1.24, Table 1 C-31-170. Deposit 9(pit 1931-1). H. 0.118; D. 0.078. 10YR 8/2 to 2.5Y 8/2. Complete profile. Nearly flat base projectsbeyond body. Cylindricalbody curves up to sloping shoulder. Narrow neck; trefoil mouth; strap handle swings up from rim to shoulder. Underside reserved. Bottom of body around base red. Four narrow black bands, black-figuredlotus-palmette chain, with central lotus leaves red, four narrowdilute black bands. Alternatingred and black tongues on shoulder with black scalloped outline. Neck ring red. Lower half of neck reserved. Upper half of neck, trefoil mouth, and handle black. The shape is similar to that of Akanthos I, p. 68, no. 8, pl. 69. Late 6th to early 5th century. 403.
P1.24 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-547. Potters'Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. (to rim) 0.073; D. (base) 0.053. 7.5YR 7/4 to 7/6. Mended and restored from several fragments.Missing most of handle and part of shoulder and body. Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, pp. 194, no. 1025 (KP-118, here 418); p. 205, no. 1102 (KP-690, here 419). Flat bottom projects beyond body; straight, cylindrical wall; sloping shoulder; neck ring at bottom of narrow neck, trefoil mouth. Underside reserved. Exterior edge of base reserved. Top exterior edge of base and bottom third of body black.Two red lines, black band. Two red lines at junction with shoulder. Thin black tongues on shoulder. Top of shoulder, neck ring, 404.
and bottom half of neck red, then black to interior of mouth. Handle black, as far as preserved. See Waterhouse 1952, p. 236, pl. 49:g. Also similar to 407, 414, 418, 419, 420, and 432, but the wall is still quite straight. Probablysecond quarter or middle of the 5th century. 405.
Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe Fig. 17, P1.24 C-34-1164. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. (to rim) 0.074; D. (base) 0.068. 7.5YR 7/4 to 8/4. Many joining fragments preservecomplete profile.Missingpart of body,threefourths shoulder,and handle. Pease 1937, p. 285. Broad, flat bottom projects beyond cylindrical body; sloping shoulder; cylindrical neck; flaring trefoil mouth. Underside reserved. Exterior of base red. On body, black, red, black bands, two red lines, blackbrokensingle maeanderrunningleft to right. Red, black, black, red lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder, black tongues, with dots between tips. Base of neck and neck red. Exterior of rim black (firedto red at top). Interior of rim reserved. Deposit dated ca. 460-420. Because the wall of this vessel has not acquired a slight concavity, it probably dates to the earlierpart of that range. 406.
P1.24 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe C-34-996. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). P.H. 0.061; D. (base) 0.077. 10YR 8/3 to 2.5Y 8/2. Many joining fragments. Bottom nearly complete, and over half of body is preserved. Broken at shoulder.Pease 1937, p. 284, fig. 20. Broad, flat bottom projects beyond cylindrical body. Underside and exterior edge of base reserved. On body, black, red, black bands, black line, two red lines, black broken maeander running right to left. Red, black, red lines below shoulder. The shape is very close to that of 407, and see also 412. Deposit dated ca. 460-420. Date for 406 perhaps around the mid 5th century. 407.
P1.24 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-180. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. (to rim) 0.068; D. (base)0.053. 10YR 8/3. Handle and chips missing.Pemberton 1970, pp. 286-287, no. 40, pl. 69.
Slightly concave base projectsbeyond cylindrical,slightlyconvex body; sloping shoulder; narrow neck; trefoil mouth; three
OINOCHOE
deep irregulargroovesatjunction of body and base. Exteriorof foot and lower body black, two red lines, black to junction with shoulder. On shoulder, red, black lines, thin black tongues, base of neck and lower half of neck red, then black to interior of mouth. Cylindrical oinochoai with this decorative scheme are very common. See 404, 414, 418, 419, 420 and 432, Pemberton 1970, pp. 286-287, and Waterhouse 1952, pl. 49:g. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410. Because the walls are slightly convex rather than slightly concave, as the others from the samedeposit,407 probablydatesto the beginningofthat range. P1.24 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe L-1980-167-1. Potters' Quarter,pottery lot 1980-167. PH. 0.064; Est.D. (base) 0.080. 2.5Y 8/2. Mended from five fragments.Profilepreservedfrom outer part of undersideto top of shoulder but very fragmentary. Slightlyconcave underside;base projectsbeyond body; slightly concave wall slopes very slightlyinward and roundsup to sloping shoulder.Narrowred, blackbands, largeblackdots, narrow black, red, black bands, long black vertical bars, narrow red band. Two black lines at junction with shoulder.On shoulder, narrow red band, then black tongues, as far as preserved. Olynthus 34.86 (OlynthusXIII, p. 190, no. 207, pl. 135) is one of the many similar examples. Third quarter of the 5th century. 408.
409.
Cylindrical,broad-bottomedoinochoe
KP-2444. Potters' Quarter, wall E deposit. PH. 0.047. 1OYR8/3 to 8/2. Fragmentfromwall. Corinth XV, iii, p. 207, no. 1112, pl. 47. Slightlyconvexwall. Blackband, largeblackdots, narrowblack, red, black bands, row of long black vertical bars, red band. This example is identical to 408. Third quarter of the 5th century. Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe P1.24, Table 1 C-34-997. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). PH. 0.070; D. (base) 0.080. 2.5Y 8/2 to 5Y 8/2. Several joining fragments. Bottom complete, half of body to base of neck and handle stump preserved. Pease 1937, p. 284, fig. 20. Broad, concave bottom projects beyond cylindricalbody; low, sloping shoulder; stump of vertical strap handle on shoulder. Underside reserved.Exterior of base red. Black band, two red lines, black alternating stepped triangles separated by zigzag. Red, black, red, black lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder, two black broken maeanders running right to left. Red on base of neck. Ca. 460-420. 410.
P1.24 Cylindrical,broad-bottomedoinochoe C-34-995. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). PH. 0.075; D. (base) 0.080. 7.5YR 7/4. Severaljoiningfragmentspreservenearly complete vessel to base of neck. Missing small fragmentsof body and all of neck, rim, and handle. Pease 1937, p. 284, fig. 20. Broad flat bottom projecting beyond cylindrical body; low, roundedshouldercontractingto base of narrowneck; stump of 411.
88
A neater version of this type of decoration appears on MusBorbonico 6, 1830, pl. 56 upper right (Naples 80214), which is very close to 403 in shape. The dots between the tips of
105
verticalstraphandle on shoulder.Underside reserved.Exterior edge of bottom black. On body,blackline, red band, blackline, band, line, row of small black buds, row of large black buds, with small buds at top between tips.88Black, red, black, red, blacklines to shoulder.On shoulder,row of four blacksketchily drawn quadrupeds(probably sphinxes, as Lawrence suggests, pers. comm.) facing left, swastika in front of animal to left of handle, to right of handle, a ring with short outward-projecting dots around a single off-center dot. Red band at base of neck. Deposit dated ca. 460-420, and the slight concavity of the wall suggestsa date later than the very beginning of that range. P1.25 Cylindrical,broad-bottomedoinochoe C-34-1170. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). PH. 0.048. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/8 (discolored).Two joining fragments from wall, broken all around.
412.
Closed vessel; vertical profile with slightly concave curve. Black, red, black bands, black broken single maeander, two black lines. Similar to 405, 406, 433, and very close to 413. The decorative scheme is common for this form. Parallelsinclude CVA,Paris,Biblioth6queNationale 1 [France7], pl. 5:11; CVA, Karlsruhe 1 [Germany 7], pl. 42:7; Lo Porto 1977, p. 742, pi. CXV top, between two South Italian red-figuredkraters. Deposit dated ca. 460-420, and the slight concavity of the wall suggestsa date later than the very beginning of that range. P1.25 Cylindrical,broad-bottomedoinochoe C-34-1175. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). PH. 0.043. O1YR 8/3. Four fragments, three of which join, preserve most of body profile and a bit of shoulder.
413.
Slightly concave body contractsslightly to low, rounded shoulder. Narrow black, black, red, black, red bands, black broken single maeander,narrow red, black, red, black bands. See 412. Deposit dated ca. 460-420, and the slight concavity of the wall suggestsa date later than the very beginning of that range. P1.25 Cylindrical,broad-bottomedoinochoe C-34-1184. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). PH. 0.038. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10 YR 8/3. Three joining fragmentspreservepart of upper body to rim. Handle missing. Cylindrical body; low, sloping shoulder; narrow neck; trefoil mouth. Black on body, from break. Two red lines at junction with shoulder, narrow black tongues on shoulder, red band aroundbaseofneck, neckred. Exteriorand interiorofrimblack. See 407. Ca. 460-420. 414.
Cylindrical,broad-bottomedoinochoe P1.25, Table 1 C-34-1183. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). PH. 0.081. 7.5YR 8/4. Fivejoining fragmentspreservepart of upperbody,half of shoulder, neck, lower mouth, and handle stump. Pease 1937, p. 285, fig. 20.
415.
Cylindrical body; nearly horizontal shoulder; narrow neck; flaringtrefoilmouth; three-hole strainer;verticalstraphandle. Blackalternatingreversedteardrop-shapedbuds, two red lines on upper body.At junction with shoulder,black band with two rows of alternatingwhite dots. On shoulder,narrowred band, the buds are omitted from the drawing. See also Necrocorinthia, p. 336.
106
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
alternating black and red tongues separated by dilute lines, red band at base of neck. Neck and mouth black, as far as preserved. Strainerblack. Deposit dated ca. 460-420, and the use of white dots on a blackband links this with the VrysoulaWorkshop(see pp. 149151), so date for 415 probably ca. 450-420. P1.25 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe(?) C-34-1182. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). P.H. 0.088. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Twojoining fragmentspreservepart of shoulder, all of neck, most of rim, and nearly all of handle.
416.
Nearlyhorizontalshoulder;narrowneckwith three-holestrainer at junction with flaring trefoil mouth; vertical, high-swung strap handle. At junction with shoulder, two black lines, red line, black band with two rows of added white dots, black line, purple line. Alternating purple and black tongues separated by dilute lines on shoulder.Neck ring and lower third of neck purple, remainder of neck to inside of mouth and over top of strainerblack. Handle black. Very similar to 415 and 417. Deposit dated ca. 460-420, and the use of white dots on a blackband links this with the VrysoulaWorkshop(see pp. 149151), so date for 416 probably ca. 450-420. P1.25 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe C-34-1186. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). PH. 0.064. 10YR 8/3 to 8/4. Six joining fragmentspreservepart of body and shoulder.Paint is purplish red. Pease 1937, p. 285, fig. 20. Cylindricalto slightly concave profile;nearly horizontalshoulder. Black line, fragment of decorative motif (tip of lotus?), red band, black band, black lotus-palmette chain, with Type 1 palmettes, lotus stems, and buds red. On shoulder,black line, narrow red band, black band with two rows of white dots, red band, alternating red and black tongues separated by dilute lines. See 415. Deposit dated ca. 460-420, and the use of white dots on a blackband links this with the VrysoulaWorkshop(see pp. 149151), so date for 417 probably ca. 450-420. 417.
Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-118. Potters'Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. (to rim) 0.067; D. (base) 0.052. 10YR 8/3. Missing front lobe of mouth (restored). CorinthXV, iii, p. 194, no. 1025, pl. 45; IFAR 11.6, p. 24, no. 858. Flat bottom projects beyond body; thin groove on bottom partway around edge; high, cylindrical, slightly concave wall; low, sloping shoulder; neck ring; thin neck; lobes of trefoil mouth sharply pointed; handle slightly flattened. Underside reserved. Outer edge of foot and bottom third of body black. Two redlines at mid-body,then blacktojunction with shoulder. Two red lines at junction of body and shoulder.Black tongues on shoulder.Top of neck, neck ring, and bottom two-thirdsof neck red, then black to interior of mouth. Handle black. See 407. The shape suggests a date in the third quarter of the 5th century. 418.
Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-690. Potters' Quarter, Circle Deposit. P.H. 0.068; D. 0.054. 7.5YR 7/4 to 7/6. Missing handle and lip (restored). Corinth XV, iii, p. 205, no. 1102, pl. 47.
419.
Flat bottom projectsbeyond body; cylindricalbody with slight concavity;rounded, sloping shoulder;neck ring;trefoilmouth. Underside reserved. Wide black band on upper edge of foot and lower body, two red lines, black band to shoulder. On shoulder, two red lines, thin black tongues. Top of shoulder, neck ring, and lower third of neck red, then black, as far as preserved. See 407. Probablythird quarterof the 5th century. Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe Fig. 17, P1.25 KP-797. Potters' Quarter, trenchJ deposit. P.H. 0.046; D. (base) 0.051. 10YR 8/2 to 2.5Y 8/2. Mended from several fragments. Part of wall, bottom, handle, neck, and mouth XV, iii, pp. 9, 194, no. 1025. missing.Mentioned with Corinth
420.
Flat bottom projectsbeyond nearly cylindricalbody; low, sloping shoulder terminates in neck ring. Underside reserved.Top of projecting base and lower third of body black. Narrow red band, then black band to shoulder.On shoulder,two red lines, black thin closely spaced tongues. Top of shoulder and neck ring red. Shape as 419. Probablythird quarterof the 5th century. 421.
P1.25 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe P.H. M.P.D. C-64-352. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). 0.048; 0.056. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Fourjoining fragmentspreserve parts of wall, shoulder, and neck. Paint and glaze are fired brown. Pemberton 1970, pp. 285-286, no. 34, pl. 69.
Cylindrical wall; sloping shoulder; cylindrical neck. Glazed vine with ivy leaves and berries on body. At shoulder, glazed band, two painted lines, narrowglazed tongues. Neck ring and bottom half of neck painted. Glazed above, as far as preserved. See 485 and 486 for vines probably by the same painter. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe P1.25, Table 1 C-64-250. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.105; M.P.D. 0.104. 10YR 8/3 to 2.5Y 8/2. Mended and restoredin plaster. Missing base, part of shoulder, and all above shoulder. Pemberton 1970, p. 286, no. 35, pl. 69. Cylindrical, slightly concave wall; sloping shoulder. On body, black band, two red lines, red band, red line, black band, red line, black linked lotus-palmette chain with "Christmastree" palmettes. On shoulder,a series of red and blacklines: two red, two black, one red, two black, two red, then alternating red and black tongues separated by dilute lines. See 423 and 424 for nearly identical oinochoai probably by the same hand (as noted by Pemberton). See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-440. 422.
423.
P1.26 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-353. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.051; M.PD. 0.074. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Fourjoining fragmentspreserve part of wall and shoulder. Glaze is fired black to brown, brownish red paint. Pemberton 1970, p. 286, no. 36, pl. 69. Straight sides; two-stepped shoulder. Red line, black lotuspalmette chain with "Christmastree" palmettes on body. On shoulder, red, black, red, black, black, red lines, then tips of thin black tongues.
OINOCHOE See 422 and 424 for nearly identical oinochoai probably by the same hand (as noted by Pemberton). See pp. 149-151 for discussionof the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. P1.26 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-354. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.040; M.P.D. 0.074. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Single sherd preserves part of wall and shoulder.Glaze is fired black to brown. Pemberton 1970, p. 286, no. 37, pl. 69. Cylindricalwall; sloping shoulder.Black linked lotus-palmette chain with "Christmastree" palmettes on body. At shoulder, two black lines, black band, red line, alternatingred and black tongues separatedby dilute lines. See 422 and 423 for nearly identical oinochoai probably by the same hand (as noted by Pemberton). See pp. 149-151 for discussionof the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 424.
P1.26 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-391. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.059. 10YR 8/3 to 2.5Y 8/2. Five joining wall fragments. Pemberton 1970, p. 286, no. 38, pl. 69. Cylindricalwall. Black band, red band, red line, black linked lotus-palmettechain with "Christmastree"palmettes, two red lines. Very similar to 422, 423, and 424, but probably not by the same hand. See pp. 149-151 for discussionof the Vrysoula Workshop. Ca. 450-410. 425.
P1.26 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-390. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.036; M.PD. 0.066.7.5YR 7/4 to 7/6. Singlefragment,brokenall around. Brownishred glaze. Pemberton 1970, p. 286, no. 39, pl. 69.
426.
Cylindricalwall. Lotus-palmettechain with Type 2 palmettes, line above. See pp. 149-151 for discussionof the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. P1.26 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe PH. lot 73-69. C-73-218. Lechaion Road East, pottery from D. 0.059. 8/3. Mended 10YR 0.053; eight (base) fragments.Profilefrom base to beginning of neck preserved. Missing one-third of base, half of body, all of neck and handle.
427.
Flared base; vertical wall with slightly outward inclination; sloping shoulder; neck ring around narrow neck. Underside reserved.Black band on exterior of base and lower body, then black line, red band, black line, row of black dots, two red lines, black zetas, red line. At shoulder, four black lines, red line, black pendant three-bar hooks with vertical bar inside each hook. Neck ring and neck red, as far as preserved. 427 was found in a late-5th-century context but is so close in shape to the cylindrical oinochoai from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1) that a date in the third or earlier fourth quarter of the 5th century is indicated. Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-2484. Potters' Quarter, Rectangular South Pit. PH. 0.075; Est.D. 0.100. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Two joining frag-
428.
107
ments preservepart of base and body. Corinth XV, iii, p. 199, no. 1059, pls. 46, 109. Nearly flat base; cylindricalbody. Black band on exterioredge and bottom of body, then two red lines, black band, two red lines, blacklinked lotus-palmette chain with Type 1 palmettes. Probably third or earlier fourth quarter of the 5th century, as 428 is similar to those from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P1.26 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe L-73-69-2. Lechaion Road East, pottery lot 73-69. PH. 0.033. 7.5YR 8/4. Severaljoining fragmentspreservepart of body and shoulder,and scar of handle. Cylindrical body; sloping shoulder. Handle attachment indicates strap handle rising vertically from shoulder. On body, black lotus-palmette chain with Type 1 palmettes, black, red lines, two rows of dots with a black line between them. Red, black lines at junction with shoulder.On shoulder,alternating red and black tongues separated by dilute lines, red above to break. Palmette style similar to one of the VrysoulaWorkshop(see 422-425, and pp. 149-151). A date in the thirdor earlierfourthquarterof the 5th century is likely. 429.
Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-2392. Potters'Quarter,trenchJ,near "depositin Trench J." PH. 0.034. 10YR 8/2 to 7/2. Fragmentfrom body. All decoration is black glaze. CorinthXV, iii, p. 221, no. 1191, pi. 49.
430.
Slightly concave wall. Line, dots, line, broken double maeander broken by checkerboard,line, dots, line, bottom of spiral pattern. Stillwell and Benson compare 430 to KP-2395 (Corinth XV, iii, p. 302, no. 1649, pl. 65). Both motifs occur on 651. For maeander pattern, see p. 29 above. Probablycontemporarywith VrysoulaWorkshop,ca. 450410. Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-2460a-b. Potters' Quarter, wall B deposit. (a) M.PD. 0.063. (b) M.P.D. 0.061. 10YR 8/3. Two joining fragments and third nonjoining fragment preserve part of wall and shoulder. Corinth XV, iii, p. 208, no. 1118, pl. 47.
431.
Slightlyconcave wall and rounded, sloping shoulder.On body, red band, two black lines, black band, two black lines, black closed double maeander. Red line and five black lines at junction with shoulder.Black tongues on shoulder. Probablysecond half of the 5th century. Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-123. Potters' Quarter, Terracotta Factory,altar room. H. (to rim) 0.073; D. 0.052. 10YR 8/3 to 2.5Y 8/2. Intact. Corznth XV, iii, p. 221, no. 1192, pl. 49.
432.
Flat bottom projects beyond body; straight sides flare slightly outward;trefoil mouth. Underside reserved. Exterior edge of base and bottom third of body black. Two black lines. Black band to junction with shoulder. Red, black lines, thin black tongues on shoulder. Top of shoulder, neck ring, and bottom thirdof neck red, then blackto interiorof mouth. Handle black. See 407. Probablysecond half of the 5th century.
108
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
Fig. 17 Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-720. Potters' Quarter, Rectangular South Pit. H. (as restored) 0.100; D. 0.069. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing most of mouth, top of handle, fragments from body. Restored in XV, iii, p. 199, no. 1058, pl. 46. plaster. Corinth
433.
Flat bottom projects beyond body; slightly concave sides; rounded shoulder; high, thin neck; trefoil mouth; tall han-
dle. Underside reserved.Top half of exterior of base and lower body black, red band, black band, three red lines, black broken single maeander, left to right. Two red, three black, and two red lines at junction with shoulder. Thin black tongues on shoulder.Top of shoulder to bottom half of neck red, then black, as far as preserved. Handle black. See 412. Probablylate 5th or early 4th century.
CONVEX, BROAD-BOTTOMED OINOCHOE
The typical convex, broad-bottomedoinochoe is foreshadowedby 434 and 435 but properly begins in the mid 5th century. Also called a squat oinochoe, it has a flat base, a low rounded convex body with a continuous curve to a sloping shoulder, a short neck, a trefoil mouth, and a high strap handle. The earliest examples of the "squat"shape are from deposit 22. During the second half of the 5th century,the body of the oinochoe becomes higher, sometimes conical, and then in the 4th century it becomes more spherical as the center of gravity rises. 464 appears to be the latest, for it is the most spherical in shape. The tongues on the shoulder have been reduced to dots at this point. The vessel probably dates to the second half of the 4th century.
The decoration on the body consists of simple bands and lines, maeanders, zetas, or floral decoration. The shoulder usually carries thin tongues or occasionally palmettes. A few examples,
including 438 and 455, both from the "Road Deposit" in the Potters' Quarter, have figured scenes on their shoulders. Convex, broad-bottomedoinochoe KP-1520. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. PH. 0.050; D. 0.045. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing neck and mouth. Corinth XV, iii, p. 195, no. 1030, pl. 45.
434.
Five trapezoidal notches in flaring ring foot; globular body; small neck; no handle preserved.Underside reserved.Exterior of foot red. Black band at bottom of body. Red band, black band, black alternating stepped triangles (some more pear shaped than stepped). Black line, narrow red band, black line, black tongues separated by black lines. Probablyfirst half of the 5th century. P1.26, Table 1 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-70-420. Deposit 16 (well 1970-1). H. (to rim) 0.054; D. 0.065. 7.5YR 7/4. Intact.
435.
Low disc base with concave underside;invertedhemispherical body; low, narrow,slightly tapered neck; flaring trefoil mouth. Underside reserved. Exterior of base black. On body, red line, black three-bar hook maeander, red line, two black lines, red line. On shoulder,black tongues with dots between tips. Neck red to just below top, then black to interior of rim. Lower third of strap handle reserved, then black above. First half of the 5th century. P1.26 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-34-998. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. 0.055; D. 0.092. 7.5YR 8/2 to 8/4 (surface);5YR 7/4 (core). Seven joining fragments preserve complete profile. Missing most of bottom, part of neck and rim, and most of handle. Pease 1937, p. 285, fig. 20. Broad,flat bottom; squat, ovoid body with maximumdiameter just above bottom, taperingto short narrowneck;flaringtrefoil mouth; vertical strap handle on shoulder.Underside reserved. Broad black band at bottom of body, then two black lines, red line, blackline on shoulder,black tongues. Top of shoulderand neck red. Exterior and interior of mouth black. 436.
Deposit dated ca. 460-420. 436 should probably be dated earlier rather than later in that range, since the shape is more squat than any examples from deposit 23. 437.
P1.26 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-34-1000. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. 0.058; D. 0.064. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Mended from severalfragments.Missing half of body and shoulder and all of handle.
Squat,convexbody;lowneck;trefoilmouth.Undersidereserved. Wide black band on exterior of base and bottom of body.Red, black, red bands, three black lines on body. Black tongues with dotsbetweentips(dotsreston uppermostblackline)on shoulder. Neck red. Exterior and interior of mouth black. Deposit dated ca. 460-420. 437 should perhaps be dated later rather than earlier in that range, since shape is close to that of 443. 438.
Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe Fig. 18 KP-2426. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. PH. 0.040; Est.D. 0.090. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Mended. Partof base, body, shoulder, and neck ring preserved. CorinthXV, iii, p. 184, no. 977, pls. 44, 107.
False foot; low, convex body; broad, sloping shoulder; neck ring. Underside reserved. Bottom half of exterior of vessel black, then red line, blackline, black brokendouble maeander, black double-dottedband separatedby red lines. On shoulder, part of male siren with incised scales on breast and part of spiral. Filler decoration of cross rosettes and blobs. Neck ring red. Shape as 437 and 443. Ca. 450-420. 439.
P1.27 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-34-1001. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). P.H. 0.051; D. 0.091. 10YR 8/3 to 7/3 (core). Mended from several fragments. Three-fourthsof bottom, most of body to base of neck, and handle stump preserved. Pease 1937, p. 285, fig. 20.
OINOCHOE
109
\
//
438
I I
: .. !
443
457
461
FIG. 18. Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoai
Broad, slightly concave bottom; squat, ovoid body tapering to base of narrowneck; stump of vertical straphandle. Underside reserved.Wide black band on exterior of base and lower body, then red line, black broken single maeander, red line, black line, black band with two rows of white dots, then black, black, red lines. Black tongues on shoulder,red band to break. The use of white dots on a black band suggests that 439 is contemporary with, if not from, the Vrysoula Workshop,pp. 149-151. Ca. 460-420, perhaps after 450, since the shape is close to that of 443. Convex, broad-bottomedoinochoe KP-2596. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. P.H.0.053; Est.D. 0.084. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing part of lip, handle, and base. Corinth XV, iii, p. 184, no. 975, pl. 44. False foot; low, convex body; thin neck; trefoil mouth. On body,blackband, red line, black brokensingle maeander.Red, black, blacklines, black band, blackline, red line at top of wall. On shoulder,black tongues with dots between tips. Red band at base neck. Neck to interior of mouth black. Shape as 439. Ca. 450-420. 440.
Convex, broad-bottomedoinochoe KP-137. Potters' Quarter, North Road Deposit. H. (restored, to rim) 0.074. 7.5YR 7/4 to 7/6. Missing mouth, handle, part of neck, and base (restored). CorinthXV, iii, p. 184, no. 979, pl. 44.
441.
False foot; strongly convex body; thin, high neck. Underside reserved. Exterior edge of foot and lower two-thirds of body black, then black line, band, line. Narrow black tongues on shoulder.Neck black, as far as preserved. Shape particularly close to 439 and 443. The vases are probably contemporary. Ca. 450-420. P1.27, Table 1 Convex, broad-bottomedoinochoe C-64-324. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.041. D. (shouldergroove) 0.046. 7.5YR 8/4. Fivejoining fragments preserve part of mouth, most of neck and shoulder,scar of handle, top of body. Black glaze, brown paint, added white. Pemberton 1970, p. 285, no. 28, pl. 69. Squat, convex body; small groove on shoulder below handle; neck ring; low neck; trefoil mouth; vertical strap handle indicated by handle scar. On body, black double broken maeander alternating with checkerboard, two brown lines, black
442.
band with two rows of white dots. Two brown lines at shoulder groove.Blackivy vine with clustersof eight berrieson shoulder. Neck ring and lower half of neck brown, then black, as far as preserved. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410. This example is probablyearlier ratherthan later in that range. 443.
Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe Fig. 18 C-64-270. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. (with handle fragment)0.039; D. 0.052. 10YR 8/3. Missing part of wall, floor, top of handle, and neck. Pemberton 1970, p. 285, no. 31, pl. 69. Flat bottom; no foot; small, concave curve into body; low, convex body curves into sloping shoulder.Underside reserved. Exterior of base and lower body black, then two red lines, black broken single maeander running right to left, red line, red band with slightly narrowerblack band applied over it and decorated with two rows of white dots, red line. On shoulder, black dots, black zetas, black broken single maeander running right to left. Neck ring red. Traces of red paint on handle. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410, earlier rather than later. 444.
P1.27 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-356. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1).M.P.D.0.048.7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment, broken all around. Pemberton 1970, p. 285, no. 29, pl. 69.
Sloping shoulder. Added white myrtle vine with berries on blackband, two red lines, blackband with two rowsalternating white dots, two red lines, black ivy with berry clusters. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 445.
Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-351. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.034; D. 0.068; D. (base)0.063. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Fourjoining fragmentspreservemost of vessel, except handle, neck, and mouth.
Flat bottom; small concave curve into body; low, convex body curves into sloping shoulder. Underside reserved. Exterior of base and lower half of body black. Two red lines, black band, red lines. Narrow black tongues on shoulder.Red band at base of neck. Shape as 443. See pp. 149-151 for discussionof the Vrysoula Workshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410.
110
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
446.
Convex, broad-bottomedoinochoe C-64-272. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.058; D. (neck) 0.017. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Two fragments preserve profile of shoulder and wall. Scar of handle on shoulder. Pemberton 1970, p. 285, no. 32, pl. 69. Convex profile to wall, as 450. Black band, two red lines, then reserved to junction with shoulder. Below handle, dilute line, row of black alternating reversed T's, dilute line. Remainder reserved. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410. This example appears to be slightlylater than 443. 447.
P1.27 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-332a-b. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.062; Est.Max.D. 0.065. 7.5YR 8/4. In two parts, both mended from many fragments,not joining but from same vase. Part of wall and shoulder preserved. Black glaze, reddish brown paint. Pemberton 1970, p. 285, no. 27, fig. 6, pl. 69. Convex wall curves up to sloping shoulder. On body, black band, two painted lines, enclosed left to righthorizontalType 2 palmettes with thin radiating leaves between palmettes. At junction with shoulder,two painted lines, black band, painted line. On shoulder,right to left enclosed horizontal Type 2 palmettes with thin radiatingleaves between palmettes. Neck ring painted. See pp. 149-151 for discussionof the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410. 448.
P1.27 Convex, broad-bottomedoinochoe C-34-1002. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. (to rim) 0.050; H. (to handle) 0.076; D. 0.077. 10YR 8/3. Severaljoining fragments.Missing most of bottom, about one-fifth of body, and part of handle. Restored in plaster.Pease 1937, p. 285, fig. 20. Flaring or false ring foot (broken);squat, ovoid body with maximum diameter above foot; rounded shoulder; narrow neck; flaring trefoil mouth; vertical, high-swung handle attached to shoulder and rim. Underside reserved. Exterior of foot red. On body, black band, red line, black zetas, two red lines, black band, red line. On shoulder, black broken single maeander. Top of shoulder and neck red. Exterior and interior of rim, back of handle black. Ca. 460-420, probably later rather than earlier in that range, as the wall is startingto become conical. 449.
P1.27 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-34-1187. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). M.PD. 0.076. 10YR 8/3 to 5Y 8/2. Fivejoining fragmentspreservepart of shoulder. Dull glaze is fired black to brown, added purple paint. Low, sloping shoulder contracting to base of narrow neck. Black band, five lines: purple, black, purple, black, purple. Black tongues on shoulder. Purple band at base of neck. Ca. 460-420. 450.
P1.27 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-271. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. (including handle stump) 0.051. 10YR 8/3. Part of shoulder, stump of handle, and part of wall preserved. Convex wall profile not as squat as 443 and may be slightly later. Black teardrop-shaped buds on body. Red, black, red lines at junction with shoulder. Black opposing chevrons on shoulder,then black line or band to break.
See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410. 451.
P1.27 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-36-1125. Deposit 21 (well 1936-10). H. (to handle)0.056; Max.D. 0.058. 10YR 8/3. Fivejoining fragments.Complete profile,except for bottom. Missing about one-fourthof body and neck and most of rim. Handle preserved. Broad bottom; conical body tapering from bottom to sloping shoulder; narrow neck; trefoil mouth; vertical, high-swung strap handle. Underside reserved. Exterior of base reserved. On body, black band, black line, red line, black zetas, red line, black band, red line. On shoulder, black tongues. Neck red. Exterior and interior of rim black, handle black. Shape between 448 and 452. Apparently one of the latest vases in the deposit. Probablyca. 440-420. 452.
P1.27, Table 1 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-73-228. Lechaion Road East, pottery lot 73-69. PH. 0.043; Max.D. 0.066. 2.5Y 8/2 to 10YR 8/3. Mended from many fragments.Missing half of body, fragmentsfrom base, and most of mouth.
Broad, slightly concave base with curved outer edge; rounded, conicalbody; short, concaveneck; trefoilmouth; stumpsofvertical handle at shoulder and mouth. Underside and exteriorof base reserved. On body, black band, black line, red line, black lambdas alternating with downward-pointing stepped triangles, red line, black line, black band, red line. On shoulder, black broken single maeander running right to left. Top of shoulder and bottom half of neck red, then black to interior of mouth. Deposit basically late 5th century. 453.
Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-249. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.133; D. (base) 0.154. 10YR 8/4 to 7.5YR 8/3. Missing most of base and neck and all of handle and mouth. Mended and restored in plaster. Pemberton 1970, pp. 283-285, no. 26, figs. 2, 6, pl. 69. Broad bottom; bell-shapedbody.Underside reserved.Exterior of foot and lower body black. Red line, red band, two red lines, dilute black lotus-palmette chain with Type 2 palmettes, two red lines, black band, two red lines on body. On shoulder, black maeander, black zetas, red maeander. Neck ring red. Neck reserved,as far as preserved. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410, and 453 is probablylate in that range, since the shape is between those of 448 and 460. 454.
Table 1 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-716. Potters' Quarter, Rectangular South Pit. PH. 0.052; D. 0.091. 7.5YR 7/6 to 7/4 (core). Mended from several fragments. Part of upper body, shoulder, and neck XV, iii, p. 200, no. 1064, pls. 46, 108. preserved. Corinth
Convex shoulder and body; neck ring; applied discs at either side of handle attachment imitate metal rivets. Black band, red line, black laurel with elongated leaves and berry clusters, red, black, red lines on body. On shoulder,black closed double maeander, black broken double maeander, both maeanders running left to right. Neck ring and lower half of neck red, then black, as far as preserved, including applied discs. Second half of the 5th century.
OINOCHOE
455.
Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-1603. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. P.H. 0.045. 10YR 8/3. Twojoining fragmentspreservepart of body and shoulder. Corinth XV, iii, p. 294, no. 1603, pls. 64, 119. Low body with convex sides; shallow groove at base of neck. Blackline, red line, wide black band covers most of body, then red, black, black, red lines. On shoulder, silhouetted panther with reverted head and part of second animal. Filler decoration of swastika, cross in circle, and dots. Groove at base of neck red. Second half of the 5th century. 456.
Convex, broad-bottomedoinochoe KP-2483. Potters' Quarter, Rectangular South Pit. M.PD. 0.077; Est.Max.D. 0.085. 10YR 8/3. Mended fragments preserve part of base, body, and shoulder. CorinthXV, iii, p. 197, no. 1046 (misidentifiedas pyxis), pls. 46, 109. Projectingbase; convex body with low center of gravity;constricted closed neck evident at break. Exterior of base, as far as preserved, and junction with body red. At bottom of body, black band with added red line near top. Blacklotus-palmette chain on upper body, then red, black, red lines. Black horizontal enclosed palmettes on shoulder. All palmettes Type 2. Probablylast quarter of the 5th century. 457.
Convex, broad-bottomedoinochoe Fig. 18 KP-2598. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.036; D. 0.060. 10YR 8/3. Mended from several fragments. Profile from exterior of base to neck ring preserved. Corinth XV, iii, p. 184, no. 976, pl. 44. Convex body; neck ring around thin neck. Exterior of base red. On body, black band, red line, black band, red line, narrow black band, red line below handle attachment. Shoulder reserved.Black dots on neck ring. Probablylast quarter of the 5th century. 458.
Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-745. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. P.H. 0.043; Max.D. 0.066. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Five fragments mended to preserve part of bottom, body, shoulder,and neck. Glaze fired red to black, red paint. Mentioned with CorinthXV, iii, p. 184, no. 979, pl. 44.
Flat base projects beyond low, convex body; sloping shoulder; narrow neck. Edge of base reserved, then glaze to mid-body. Red painted line, glazed band, painted line. Glazed tongues on shoulder.Top of shoulderand neck painted, as faras preserved. Late 5th century. 459.
Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-2496. Potters' Quarter, Rectangular South Pit. P.H. 0.055. 7.5YR 7/4 to 8/4. Single fragment preserves part of exteriorof base and body. Corinth XV iii, p. 200, no. 1065, pl. 46.
Projectingbase; convexbody.Exterioredge of base and bottom of body decorated with black band, then black line, black diagonal enclosed Type 2 palmettes. Late 5th or early 4th century. 460.
P1.27 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-69-133. Sacred Spring East, pottery lot 5782. P.H. 0.060; D. 0.085. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from severalfragments.Miss-
111
ing most of bottom, part of body, part of neck, most of handle, and rim. Williams 1970, p. 5, no. 4, pl. l:a center. Low, raised base; squat, globular body; narrow, cylindrical neck; vertical strap handle. Underside and exterior of base reserved.On body,wide black band, red line, wide blackband, two red lines. Black tongues on shoulder.Top of shoulder and lower half of neck red, then black to break. Handle black, as far as preserved. Probablythe first half or middle of the 4th century. 461.
Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe Fig. 18, P1.27 C-69-134. Sacred Spring East, pottery lot 5782. PH. 0.058; D. 0.083. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended. Missing neck, handle, and half of body.Williams 1970, p. 5. Low, raised base; squat, globular body; vertical strap handle. Underside and exterior of base reserved. On body,wide black band, red line, wide black band, two red lines. On shoulder, thin black tongues. Top of shoulder red, as far as preserved. As 460. Probablythe first half or middle of the 4th century. 462.
P1.28 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-72-35. ForumSouthwest, pottery lot 72-2. PH. 0.062; D. 0.072. 2.5Y 8/2. Mended from fifteen fragments. Missing most of handle, upper neck, and rim. All decorationis poorquality black glaze. Low disc foot with slightly concave underside; squat, ovoid body with maximum diameterjust above base; narrow,cylindricalneck;trace of trefoilmouth. Underside reserved.Bottom exterior edge of foot glazed, remainder reserved. On body, three bands, two lines. Tongues on shoulder. Neck and rim glazed, as far as preserved. Late 5th or first quarter of the 4th century. 463.
P1.28 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-71-554. Deposit 32 (drain 1971-1). H. (to top handle) 0.089; H. (to rim) 0.061; D. 0.063. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Mended from several fragments and restored in plaster. One-third of body missing. Glaze is fired black to orange. Flatbottomin two degrees risesto globular,ovoidbody; slender neck; trefoil mouth; high strap handle. Underside reserved. Exteriorof foot and lower two-thirdsof body black, two added red lines. Dilute tongues on shoulder. Top of shoulder to interior of mouth glazed. Base of handle reserved, remainder glazed. Deposit dated in the third to early fourth quarterof the 4th century,but since 463 is similar in shape to 462, it may date rather earlier to the latter first or second quarter of the 4th century.It is not so early as 460 and 461. 464.
P1.28 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-40-17. Deposit 35 (cistern 1940-1). PH. 0.074; D. 0.077. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Mended from severalfragments.Missing one-third of body, top of neck, rim, and handle. Handle stump preserved. All decoration is a dull flaky glaze fired reddish brown. Williams 1970, p. 5, pl. l:a right. Flat bottom; slightly ovoid body; narrow neck; stump of vertical strap handle on shoulder. Underside and exterior of base reserved.Bottom half of body glazed, then line and two bands above. Dots on shoulder.Handle glazed, as far as preserved. The fabric and glaze are those associated with the second half of the 4th century,and 464 may be even later.
112 CONCAVE,
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES BROAD-BOTTOMED
OINOCHOE
The concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe is the third type of broad-bottomed oinochoe to receive Conventionalizing decoration.89 Like the other forms, it has a flat bottom. The widest diameter is at the bevel just above the base. Perhaps adapted from a metal prototype, this oinochoe has a concave body, turning sharply to a sloping shoulder, a trefoil rim, and a high strap handle.90 The examples from Stele Shrine A, once dated to the beginning of the 5th century, are surely later.91 There is no evidence of this form before the middle of the 5th century. The variation of the form that has a sharp bevel and low body seems to be short lived, dating in the middle or early in the second half of the 5th century. At around the same time, examples with rounded bevels, low bodies, and two-stepped shoulders appear. Two examples, 469 and 476, from Stele Shrine A and 483 from deposit 19 (well 1939-1) are similar to Vrysoula (deposit 23) examples. None of the sharp-beveled, short oinochoai appear to be later than ca. 410. The tall, concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe is first seen at Vrysoula, and so it must begin before the last decade of the 5th century. 494 and 495 show that the shape continues to at least the second quarter of the 4th century.92 The decoration of the concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe is standardized. The bevel is decorated with a wide (usually black) band. The main decorative zone, the body, carries simple bands and lines, lotus-palmette chains, or occasional figured scenes. The shoulder can be decorated with simple tongues or sometimes more complex designs, such as maeanders. P1.28 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-70-71a-b. Sacred SpringWest3, potterylot 6412. (a) PH. 0.045; D. (foot) 0.082; D. 0.083. Ten fragments mended to preserveprofilefrom foot to shoulder.(b) PH. 0.034; M.PD. (shoulder)0.035. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragmentbroken on all sides preserves part of handle and attached shoulder. Fine clay slip. Low disc foot turns out sharply to nearly straight, inwardsloping body; slightly sloping shoulder; vertical strap handle. Exterior of foot and lower body black, then added red line, black lotus-palmette chain with Type 2 palmettes. Two red lines at junction with shoulder.Black line and added red line just below handle attachment, vertical black lines to left and right of handle. Bottom of handle reserved, then black above. Use of lotus-palmette chain similar to 488, 489, and 490, but the foot of 465 is higher and its shoulder is lower. Mid 5th century. 465.
P1.28 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-365. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.054; D. 0.119. 7.5YR 7/4 to 7/6. Part of floor, wall, and shoulder preserved.Mended and partly restored in plaster.Pemberton 1970, p. 283, no. 24, fig. 6, pl. 69.
466.
Nearly flat bottom with inward-slopingexterior profile; body turns out sharply from base, then rises with slightly concave profile to sloping shoulder.Exterior of base reserved.On body, black band, red line, red band, two red lines, black band, two red lines, band of black reversed and outlined triangles, red line. On shoulder,black, red, red, black, red lines, alternating
89
In CorinthXV, iii, Stillwell and Benson used the term "profiledoinochoe" for this shape. Attic counterparts,such as those in Tampa (Murray 1985, p. 45, no. 67) and Paris (Green 1986, p. 120, fig. 10;ARV2,p. 1357, no. 1, Rayet Painter),exist, but none are so early as some of the Corinthian examples. 90 Green 1986, p. 121.
red and black tongues separated by dilute lines. Red lines and bands are applied over glaze (added red), while tongues are painted directly on clay surface. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410, but 466 is probably from third quarterof the 5th century. 467.
P1.28 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-364. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.069; D. 0.127. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Missing most of floor, much of body,most of shoulder,all of neck, rim, and handle. Mended and partly restoredin plaster.Glaze is fired black to brown, brownish red paint. Pemberton 1970, p. 283, no. 23, fig. 2, pi. 69.
Nearly flat bottom with inward-slopingexterior profile; body turns out sharply from base, then rises concavely.Exterior of foot and lower body black, then two red lines, red band, two red lines, black myrtle. At junction with shoulder, black line, red line, black band, two red lines. On shoulder, alternating red and black tongues separated by dilute lines. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410, but 467 is probably from third quarter of the 5th century. 468.
P1.28 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-179. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.053; D. 0.099. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 7/4. Several fragmentsmended to preserve about half of the lower two-thirds of the pot. Mouth, neck and most of handle missing.Pemberton 1970, pp. 278, 281-282, no. 19, pl. 67.
91 Stillwell 1931, pp. 17-19; see p. 16 for a discussion of Stele Shrine A. 92 An example from Kirrha looks later than any found at Corinth and may be as late as 339-338 B.c.: Lemerle 1938, p. 470, pl. LIV:Bupper right.
OINOCHOE
Nearly flat bottom with inward-slopingexterior profile; body turns out sharply from base, then rises concavely to become cylindrical;sloping shoulder. Underside reserved. Exterior of foot and lower body black, then two red lines, red band, two red lines, black broken double maeander,right to left. Two red lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder,black band, two red lines, black ivy with eight-dot berry clusters, then red, as far as preserved. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-126. Potters'Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. (to rim) 0.057; D. 0.068. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XV, iii, p. 194, no. 1026, Newhall 1931, p. 19, fig. 17:r; IFAR 11.6, p. 23, pi. 45; no. 855.
469.
Nearly flat bottom with inward-slopingexterior profile; body turns out sharply from base, then rises concavely to become cylindrical;sloping shoulderin two degreesjoined by neck ring to narrow, inward-sloping neck; trefoil mouth; high-swung strap handle rises from shoulder to lip. Underside reserved. Exterior edge of foot and bottom of body black, then two red lines, black band, two red lines, black band to junction with shoulder.On shoulder,two red lines. Thin black tongues on stepped up part of shoulder. Top of shoulder, neck ring, and bottom half of neck red, then black to interior of mouth. Handle black. See Waterhouse 1952, p. 234 (fromIthaca), and Pemberton 1970, p. 281. Probablythird quarter of the 5th century. P1.28 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe D. PH. 0.097. 23 C-64-253. Deposit (channel 1964-1). Mended to 5YR 8/4. 8/4 0.072.7.5YR fragments (shoulder) preservehandle, most oflip, neck, much ofshoulder,andpart of upper wall. Pemberton 1970, pp. 273-274, no. 4, pl. 66.
470.
Concavebody, slopingshoulder,trefoilmouth, and high-swung strap handle. On body, red band, two black lines, black maeander, two red lines, black band, two red lines. On shoulder, frieze of large silhouette birdswith fillerdecorationof branches and dotted crosses.Neck ring and lower half of neck red, then black to interior of mouth. Handle black. The painting is poor work (Pembertonsuggests this was perhaps a school piece). See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. P1.28 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-254. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.060; Est.D. 0.108. 10YR 8/2 to 8/4. Five joining fragments preserve part of body, shoulder, and stump of handle. Glaze is very worn. Pemberton 1970, p. 273, no. 3, fig. 5, pl. 66. Concave body; sloping shoulder; vertical strap handle. On body, two red lines, red band, two red lines. Figured scene of silhouette birds with filler of crosses, swastikas,and branches. On shoulder, two red lines, black band, two red lines, black closed single maeander, black zetas, red closed single maeander. Neck ring red. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410.
471.
Fig. 19 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-268. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.062; D. 0.064; D. (shoulder) 0.058 (base). 10YR 8/3 to 8/4. Ten
472.
113
joined fragments preserve half of base, wall, and shoulder, all of neck, and most of mouth. Handle missing.Pemberton 1970, p. 283, no. 25, pl. 69. Nearly flat bottom with vertical exterior profile turns out sharply to body; sharply concave wall; straight,sloping shoulder rises to raised ring at junction with conical neck; trefoil mouth. Underside reserved. Black band on exterior of base and lower body, then two red lines, black band, two red lines, black band overjunction with shoulder.On shoulder,two red lines, thin dilute tongues. Neck ring and neck red. Mouth black outside and inside. MusBorbonico 6, 1830, pl. 56 upper left (Naples 80217) is p. 337, no. 1549b. See quite similar. See also Necrocorinthia, pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. P1.28 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-176. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. (rim) 0.142; D. (base) 0.143. 10YR 8/3 to 8/4. Mended from many fragmentsand restored in plaster.Pemberton 1970, p. 271, no. 1, fig. 2, pl. 66; CorVP,p. 277, no. 5.
473.
Broad bottom; slightly concave, inward-sloping body; flat shoulder; thin neck; trefoil mouth. Underside reserved.Wide black band on exterior of base and lower body, red line, red band, line, figured frieze of silhouetted animals (panthers?) looking backwardwith tails thickened at ends. Filler decoration of dotted crosses,swastikas,and branches in figuredzone. On shoulder, red line, black zetas, red line, black band, red line. Shoulder stepped up slightly, then black broken double maeander. Top of shoulder, neck ring, and bottom fourth of neck red, then black to interior of mouth. Handle black, as far as preserved. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 474.
Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-1411. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds (found east of Terracotta Factory). M.P.D. 0.053. 10YR 8/3 to 5YR 8/4. Fragmentfrom wall. CorinthXV, iii, p. 221, no. 1196, pls. 50, 108. Low body with concave profile. Black band, two red lines, black ivy with straight main stem, alternating heart-shaped leaves and berry clusters on stems, which are sharply angled near main vine. Red line or band at break. Third quarter,perhaps into fourth quarter,of the 5th century. Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-900. Potters' Quarter, Rectangular South Pit. PH. 0.051; D. 0.079. 7.5YR 7/6 to 10YR 8/3. Missing neck and handle. Corinth XV, iii, p. 199, no. 1061, pl. 46. Slightly concave bottom with inward-slopingexterior profile; body turns out sharply from base, then rises concavely to low, sloping shoulder in two degrees,joined by neck ring to narrow neck;stumpof verticalstraphandle on shoulder.Undersideand exterior of base reserved. Narrow black band at bottom of body,two blacklines, wide reservedband, black double-dotted bandbelow and ontojunction with shoulder.Shoulderreserved. Black dots on neck ring. Neck reserved, as far as preserved. Double-dotted band is large and heavy, as on 480. Third quarter,perhaps into fourth quarter,of the 5th century.
475.
114
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
'\
3
_I
472
488
~
1Q~(
495
493
FIG.19. Concave, broad-bottomedoinochoai 476.
P1.28 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-545. Potters'Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. (to rim) 0.056; D. 0.071. 10YR 8/3 to 5Y 8/3. Rim slightly chipped, otherwise intact. Mentioned with CorinthXV, iii, p. 194, no. 1026 (here, 469). Nearly flat bottom with inward-slopingexterior profile; body turns out sharply from base, then rises concavely to become cylindrical;sloping shoulderin two degreesjoined by neck ring to tall, narrow, slightly concave, inward-sloping neck; trefoil mouth; high-swung strap handle rises from shoulder to lip. Underside reserved.Exteriorof base and bottom third of body black, red line, red band, red line, black band to junction with shoulder. On shoulder, two red lines. On stepped up part of shoulder, thin black tongues. Top of shoulder, neck ring and neck red. Exterior and interior of mouth, handle black. See 469. Third quarter,perhaps into fourth quarter,of the 5th century. 477.
P1.29 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-116. Potters'Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. (to rim) 0.061; D. 0.068. 10YR 8/3. Intact. Glaze is worn and fired black to red, red paint. Mentioned with CorinthXV, iii, p. 194, no. 1026 (here 469); IFAR11.6, p. 24, no. 857. Nearly flat bottom with inward-slopingexterior profile; body turnsout sharplyfrombase, then risesconcavelyto slopingtwostepped shoulder,joined by neck ring to narrow,concave neck; trefoil mouth; high-swung strap handle rises from shoulder to
lip. Underside reserved.Exterior of foot and lower body black, black line, black band, two red lines, black band, two red lines. Junction with shoulder reserved. On shoulder,blackband, two red lines. Black, thin, closely spaced tongues on stepped up part of shoulder.Top of shoulder, neck ring, and bottom half of neck red, then black to interior of mouth. Handle reserved at base, black above. Third quarter,perhaps into fourth quarter,of the 5th century. 478.
P1.29 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-177. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. (rim)0.099; D. (base) 0.119. 10YR 8/3 to 8/4. Mended and restored in plaster. Pemberton 1970, p. 273, no. 2, figs. 2, 6, pl. 66; Daux 1965, p. 692, figs. 6, 7; Megaw 1965, p. 8, fig. 6. Nearlyflatbottom. Body turns out sharplyfrombase, then rises concavely to sloping two-stepped shoulder; neck ring; trefoil mouth. Underside reserved. Exterior of base and bottom of body decorated with black band, then two red lines, narrow red band, two red lines, figured scene with two wild boars and a stag running left and filler decoration of branches, dotted crosses, and swastikas.Incision for tongue of one boar, other detailingof animalsin added white. On shoulder,two red lines, black band with two rows of added white dots, two red lines where shoulder is stepped up, black broken double maeander separated by checkerboard, small black zetas, black broken single maeander. Neck ring and lower third of neck red, then black to interior of mouth.
OINOCHOE
See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Context dated ca. 450-410. 479.
Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-1412. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds (found east of Terracotta Factory).M.PD. 0.036. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Fragment from wall. CorinthXV, iii, p. 221, no. 1197, pl. 50 (photograph published upside-down). Concave body. Black band, two red lines, black ivy vine, with berries arranged along stems instead of in clusters. Third or early fourth quarterof the 5th century. 480.
Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-2594. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. PH. 0.038; Est.D. 0.070. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragmentpreservessmall part of bottom and profile from bottom of body to neck ring and stump of handle. CorinthXV, iii, p. 184, no. 974, pls. 44, 108. Wide base with flat bottom; very concave sides;rounded, sloping shoulder terminating in raised ring. Underside reserved. On body, black band, black line, red band, black line, black broken single maeander. Heavy black double-dotted band at junction with shoulder. On shoulder,black ivy with V-shaped leaves and irregular berry clusters, leaves attached to main stem but not berries. Top of shoulder and neck ring red. Handle black, as far as preserved. Third or early fourth quarter of the 5th century. 481.
Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-270. Potters' Quarter, Rectangular South Pit. H. (to rim) 0.074; D. 0.076. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing handle and fragments from rim and body (restored).Corinth XV, iii, p. 199, no. 1060, pl. 46. Nearly flat bottom with verticalexteriorprofile;body turns out sharply from base, then rises concavely to become cylindrical; sloping shoulderjoined by neck ring to narrow,slightlyinwardsloping neck; trefoil mouth; high-swung strap handle rises from shoulder to lip. Underside reserved.Exterior of base and bottom of body black, then two red lines, black band, two red lines. Black band at junction with shoulder. On shoulder, two red lines, black tongues. Top of shoulder, neck ring, and bottom third of neck red, then black to interior of mouth. Third or early fourth quarter of the 5th century. P1.29 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-70-393. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,potterylot 6516. PH. 0.036; Est.D. (base) 0.060 to 0.065. 7.5YR 8/4. Three joining fragmentspreservesmall part of underside and part of wall and shoulder.Mentioned in Corinth XVIII, iii, p. 89, note 8.
482.
Concave underside; low, sharp, bevel; concave body; sloping shoulder.Black band on and above bevel, blackline, red band, blackline atjunction with shoulder,red line, thin closelyspaced black tongues, top of shoulder red. Similar to Vrysoulan examples but probably not of that workshop. Probablythird or earlier fourth quarterof the 5th century. P1.29 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-39-310. Deposit 19 (well 1939-1). PH. 0.030; D. (base) 0.110. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Mended from several fragments. Part of base and body preserved. Body curvesout abruptlyfrom foot, then curvesgently inward.
483.
115
Underside reserved. Short black bars on exterior of foot. On body, black band, red line, then reserved, as far as preserved. Third quarter of the 5th century,probably one of the latest vases representedin the deposit. 484.
P1.29 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-70-203. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,potterylot 6508. P.H. 0.068; D. (base)0.095. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended frommany fragments.Part of base, body, and shoulder preserved. CorinthXVIII, i, p. 127, no. 277, pl. 29. Slightly concave base with vertical exterior profile, turned out sharply to concave body; nearly flat shoulder; stump of strap handle rising vertically from shoulder. Underside reserved. Exterior edge of base black. Wide black band on lower body, then two red lines, band of black running animalsin silhouette, possible band above. Shoulder decoration illegible. Pembertondates 484 to the last quarterof the 5th century. 485.
P1.29, Table 1 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-252. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.083; D. (shoulder)0.087. 7.5YR 8/4. Sixjoining fragmentspreserve part of body, shoulder,neck, and mouth. Pemberton 1970, p. 285, no. 33, fig. 6, pl. 69.
Cylindrical upper body; sloping shoulder; cylindrical neck; trefoil mouth. Vine with ivy leaves and berries on wall. On shoulder, two red lines, black band, two red lines, oblique Type 2 palmettes. Top of shoulder,neck ring, and bottom half of neck red, then black to inside of mouth. See 421 and 486 for ivy vine. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410. 485 is tall and probablylate in that range. 486.
P1.30 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-251. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.053; D. (base) 0.125. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended and partly restored in plaster.Part of lower wall and most of base preserved.Pemberton 1970, p. 282, no. 20, pl. 69. Nearly flat bottom with inward-slopingexterior profile; body turns out sharply from base, then rises concavely to become cylindrical. Underside reserved. Exterior of base and lower body black, two red lines, red band, ivy vine with eight-dot berry clustersand heart-shapedleaves. As on 421 and 485, the stems of the berry clusters swing around in an S-curve to the side of the cluster furthest from the central vine. The vases are probably by the same painter. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410. 486 is tall and probablylate in that range. P1.30 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-267. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.021; D. 0.062. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Mended. Base and lower wall preserved. Flat base; sharp, convexcurveat lower body; concavewall. Underside reserved. Exterior of base and lower body black, two red lines, black band to break. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit datedca. 450-410.487 is probablylate in thatrange.
487.
Fig. 19, P1.30, Table 1 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-178. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. (to rim) 0.083;
488.
116
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
D. 0.083; D. (shoulder)0.063. 7.5YR 8/4. Full profile and most of handle preserved. Mended and restored in plaster. Pemberton 1970, pp. 282-283, no. 21, pl. 67. Nearly flat bottom with inward-slopingexterior profile; body turns out sharply from base, then rises concavely to become cylindrical; sloping shoulder joined by neck ring to narrow, inward-slopingneck; trefoil mouth; high-swung strap handle risesfrom shoulder to lip. Underside reserved.Exteriorof foot and lower body black, red line, red band, red line, black band, red line, black lotus-palmette chain with Type 2 palmettes, three red lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder, two closely spaced black lines, three red lines, alternating red and black tongues separated by dilute lines. Neck ling and bottom half of neck red, remainderblack. Handle black as far as preserved. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410. 488 is tall and probably late in that range. P1.30 489. Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-64-331. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1).P.H.0.062; D. 0.080; D. (shoulder)0.056. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended and partlyrestored in plaster.Missing half of wall and shoulder,and all of neck, rim, and handle. Pemberton 1970, p. 283, no. 22, pl. 67. Flat bottom with inward-sloping exterior profile turns out sharply to body; concave walls with maximum diameter at bottom of body; slopingshoulder.Underside reserved.Exterior of foot and lower body black, black line, red band, black line, band, line. Black linked lotus-palmettefrieze with Type 2 palmettes.Atjunction with shoulder,two added redlines, black band, two added red lines. On shoulder, alternating red and black tongues separated by dilute lines. Neck ring red. See 488; see pp. 149-151 for discussion of the Vrysoula Workshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410. 489 is tall and probably late in that range. 490. Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe P1.30 C-75-43. Forum Southwest, pottery lot 75-34. P.H. 0.051; D. (base)0.067. 10YR 8/2. Mended from twenty-fourfragments, profile preservedfrom base to just above shoulder. Slightly concave bottom with shallow groove on underside; maximum diameter at base, with groove at transition to concavebody,taperingto sharplyarticulatedsloping shoulder.Underside reserved. Exterior of base and lower body black, two redlines, blacklotus-palmettechain with Type 2 palmettes, two red lines. At junction with shoulder,black band with two rows of added white dots. On shoulder,two red lines, black tongues. Related to the Vrysoulaworkshop,if not actually from that workshop;see pp. 149-151 for discussionof the VrysoulaWorkshop. Similar to and contemporary with 488 and 489. P1.30 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-61-234. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,pottery lot 890. P.H. 0.076; Max.D. 0.055. 10YR 8/3. Missing most of handle and rim.
491.
Flat bottom; low, rounded bevel; concave body; nearly horizontal shoulder; stump of strap handle; narrow neck; trefoil mouth. Black band on bevel, two red lines, black band, two red lines, black band, two red lines at junction with shoulder. Thin black tongues on shoulder. Top of shoulder and lower half of neck red, then black above, as far as preserved. Last quarterof the 5th century,perhaps into the 4th century.
P1.30 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe Well 1931-14-1. Deposit 33 (well 1931-14). PH. 0.101; D. 0.068. 7.5YR 8/4. Three joining fragmentspreservemuch of vessel. Handle, most of mouth, and fragmentsfrom body missing. Tall, with flat bottom; slender concave body; rounded shoulder; neck ring; tall neck; trefoil mouth. Underside reserved. Exteriorof base and bottom of body black, two red lines, black to top of body. Red line at junction with shoulder.Thin black tongues on shoulder.Neck ring and base of neck reserved,then black to interior of mouth. Probablylate 5th or early 4th century. 492.
Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe Fig. 19, Table 1 KP-203. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds. PH 0.075 (restored H. 0.095); D. 0.068. 7.5YR 7/6 to 5YR 7/6. Missing nearly all of mouth, most of neck, and most of handle (restored).Glaze is firedred, red paint. Corinth XV, iii, p. 221, no. 1195, pls. 50, 108; Pemberton 1970, p. 281. Flat bottom with low vertical exterior surfaceturns out to wide lower body, which curves inward to high vertical wall; low, sloping shoulder;vertical strap handle; cylindricalneck; trefoil mouth. Underside reserved. On body, glazed band, painted line, glazed band, painted line, glazed band to junction with shoulder.On shoulder,painted line, glazed ivy vine with leaves only (no berries). Bottom half of neck painted, then glazed to interior of mouth. Shape between 492 and 494. Probablyfirst quarter of the 4th century. 493.
494.
P1.30 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe L-37-2-22. Deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). PH. 0.065. 7.5YR 8/4. Profilefrom bottom of body to base of neck preserved.
Tall oinochoe with very slightly concave sides. Wide black band, two red lines, wide black band, two red lines to junction with shoulder.Thin closely spaced tongues on shoulder.Top of shoulder and neck red, as far as preserved. First half of the 4th century and probably earlier than 495. 495.
Fig. 19, P1.30, Table 1 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe C-61-202. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,pottery lot 878. H. 0.084; D. (base)0.070. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Missing much of bottom and part of side below handle. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 127, no. 278, pl. 29. Low base with rounded sides; flat bottom; slightly concave, inward-slopingwall; nearly flat shoulder; thin, cylindricalneck; trefoilmouth; high straphandle. Underside reserved.On body, black band, two red lines, black band, two red lines, black Type 2 palmette chain consisting of wavy line with thin leaves radiating from dots below and above line. Two red lines at junction with shoulder. Black wave pattern on shoulder.Red line at junction with neck. Lower neck reserved, upper neck, mouth, and handle black. Pemberton dates 495 to second quarter or middle of the 4th century.Much of the material in lot 878 is later,but 495 is not. The latest of the Kirrha oinochoai (Lemerle 1938, p. 470, pl. LIV:B, upper right) is surely later than 495, and has a terminus antequemof 339-338 B.C.
OINOCHOE
117
MINIATURE CONCAVE, BROAD-BOTTOMED OINOCHOE 496.
Miniature concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe
KV-420. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. H. 0.038. 7.5YR 8/2. Handle missing (restored). CorinthXV iii, p. 323, no. 1860, pl. 70. Flat, raised wire-cut base, turning out to low, concave body; trefoil mouth. Underside and exterior of base reserved. Black band from just above base to widest part of body, red band, black line at junction with shoulder. Thin black tongues on shoulder.Top of shoulder and neck red. Exterior and interior of mouth black, with red dripped over black at front exteriorof mouth to rim. Probablythird quarter of the 5th century. 497.
Miniature concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe
KV-900. Potters' Quarter, from an unspecified location in the Terracotta Factory. H. 0.035; D. 0.026. 7.5YR 8/4. Handle missing. Corinth XV, iii, p. 323, no. 1861, pl. 70.
Raised, wire-cut base, turning out to concave body; sloping shoulder; no neck; large trefoil mouth. Underside reserved. Black, red, black bands on body, with top band on one side only. Black tongues on shoulder. Neck to interior of mouth black. Probablythird quarterof the 5th century. 498.
Miniature concave, broad-bottomedoinochoe
P1.30
KV-1281. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine.H. 0.039; D. 0.033. 7.5YR 8/4. Body chipped on one side. Handle missing. Raised wire-cut base, curving up to low concave body; sloping shoulder; cylindrical neck; trefoil mouth. Underside and exterior of foot reserved. On body, black band, red band. Black line atjunction with shoulder.Black tongues on shoulder.Top of shoulder and bottom half of neck red. Top half of neck reserved,exterior and interior of mouth black. Probablythird quarterof the 5th century.
MISCELLANEOUS OINOCHOE 499.
Miniature olpe KV-412. Potters'Quarter,trenchJ deposit. H. 0.057. 7.5YR 7/4. Two-thirds of rim missing (restored). CorinthXV, iii, p. 323, no. 1870, pl. 70.
Ovoid body; wide, flaring rim; low-swung handle. Underside reservedand bottom of body reserved,then red line, blackline, wide reservedband, red line, black line, black dots, two black lines. Black tongues on shoulder, with dots between tips. Top edge of rim red, then black to interior.Most of handle black, then red where it turns in toward lip. Benson dated this vase to the mid 6th century,but there is no evidence for this type of shoulder decoration before the late 6th or early 5th century. 500.
Ovoid oinochoe
P1.31
T-3051. North Cemetery, grave 224. H. 0.149; H. (with handle)0.175; D. 0.120; D. (foot)0.068. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Intact. Corinth XIII, p. 205, no. 224-4, pl. 33; Hopper 1949, p. 243. Flaring ring foot; ovoid body with maximum diameter just below shoulder; nearly flat shoulder; slightly concave neck; trefoil mouth; high-swung handle. Exterior of foot red. On body, thin widely spaced rays, wide black band with narrow added red, white, white, red bands. Black lotus-flower-andbud chain with incised V's on lotus flowers. At junction with shoulder,black band with added white, red, white lines. Black lotus-flower-and-budchain with incised V's on lotus flowers on shoulder.Junction with neck to interior of mouth black. Handle black. Mid 6th or perhaps third quarter of the 6th century. 501.
Ovoid oinochoe
Table 1
T-3068. North Cemetery, deposit 46. P.H. 0.156; H. (with handle) 0.181; D 0.122; D. (foot)0.063. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Much of lip and many fragments from body missing XIII, p. 311, no. D46-a, pl. 33. (restored).Corinth ovoid body; slightly concave neck; trefoil Flaring ring foot; mouth; high-swunghandle. Exteriorof foot red. On body, thin widely spaced rays, black band with added white, red, white,
red lines. Blacklinked buds above, with horizontalincisedlines near bottom and top of each bud. Black band with added red, white, red lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder,black linked budswith incised lines near bottom and top of each bud. Junction with neck to interior of rim black. Handle black. See 500. Mid 6th century. 502.
Ovoid oinochoe
KP-124. Potters'Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. (to rim)0.088; D. 0.062. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing part of rim and neck (reXV, iii, p. 194, no. 1024, pl. 45; IFAR11.6, stored). Corinth p. 25, no. 871. Ring foot with flat resting surface;high, slender,convex body; sloping shoulder; short, wide neck; broad trefoil mouth; lowswung strap handle. Underside reserved. Exterior of foot and junction with body applied red. On body, black line, black alternating stepped triangles, red line, three black lines, wide reservedband. On upper body to junction with shoulder,red line, three black lines, red line. On shoulder,alternatingblack and red tongues outlined in black. Added red band atjunction with neck, then elongated black dots, added red band and black band on neck. Top of exterior and interior of trefoil mouth decorated with narrow black bands. Red in each lobe of mouth to neck. Black horizontal bars on handle. First half of the 5th century. 503.
Ovoid oinochoe P1.31, Table 1 C-64-350. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.070; Max.D. 0.092. 7.5YR 8/4. Sevenjoining fragmentspreservepart of body and shoulder.Pemberton 1970, p. 285, no. 30, pl. 69.
Rounded ovoid body; sloping shoulder.On body,two red lines, black band, two red lines, black broken single maeander running left to right, blackbrokendouble maeanderrunningleft to right. Red, black, red, blacklines atjunction with shoulder.On shoulder,black zetas, black broken double maeander running left to right, band of black doubled boxes open at the bottom, some with central vertical lines, then red to break at junction with neck.
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THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
See pp. 149-151 for discussionof the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated ca. 450-410. 504.
Miniature globular oinochoe
KV-903. Potters' Quarter, Circular South Shrine. P.H. 0.033. 10YR 8/2. Neck and handle missing. Corinth XV, iii, p. 321, no. 1839, pls. 69, 109. Rounded body; neck ring. Exterior of foot red, junction with body reserved. On body, black line, red line, black linked lotus buds. Black, red, black lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder, alternating red and black tongues with scalloped outline. Neck ring red. Neck black, as far as preserved. Second half of the 6th or early 5th century. 505.
P1.31 Oinochoe(?) C-71-41. Forum Southwest. Found in surface stratumwith Byzantine material. P.H. 0.070; Est.D. (shoulder) 0.140. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Two joining fragments preserve part of shoulder and neck of closed vessel.
Nearly horizontal shoulder preserves scar of vertical handle; cylindricalneck has horizontal plastic band, round in section. Two purple lines, narrow black band, purple line at beginning of shoulder. Sphinx facing right on shoulder, with body of sphinx in silhouette and remainder in outline style. Traces of incision on breast and wings. Two purple lines just below figure's neck. To right, palmette and then traces of face of second figurefacing left, also in outline style.At top of shoulder, above figured scene and just below neck, black wave pattern. Neck decorated with black scale pattern below plastic ring.
In center of each scale, vertically elongated dot. Plastic band decoratedwith two rows of black dots. Above plastic ring, neck decorated with black horizontal Type 2 palmettes, running left to right, with thin radiatingleaves between palmettes and spiralvolutes at bases of palmettes. The use of the plastic band on the neck recalls the name vase of the Merlin Painter,but that vase does not have handles, and 505 had at least one handle, rising from the shoulder. Probablylate 5th or first half of the 4th century. 506.
Broad-bottomedoinochoe
P1.31
C-61-460. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,pottery lot 899. PH. 0.085; Est.D. (base) 0.110. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 8/4. Mended from five fragments preserving part of base, wall, and shoulder. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 127, no. 279, pl. 30. Broad, flat bottom; no foot; flaring lower wall to create false foot; convex wall curves into convex shoulder; no shoulder ridge or neck ring. Underside and exterior of bottom reserved. Lower wall glazed (thin brown glaze). Upper wall decorated "palmettes"consisting of wavy line with thin radiatingleaves. On shoulder,one completely preservedwinged female (probably a sphinx or siren) and parts of two others, one on either side. Figure in outline style, with frontal head, long thin neck, black blobs for nose and eyes, no mouth, line of added purple at collarbone swinging out into black wings. Lower neck of vase banded in purple. See 495 for similar floral design. Pemberton dates 506 to the mid 4th century.
AMPHORISKOS Patternedamphoriskoiare popular shapes in the firsthalf of the 6th century.93During this period, the lower body becomes wider, and the center of gravity becomes higher.94The shape nearly disappearsin the middle of the 6th century.At Corinth it is found thereafteronly sporadicallyand then in miniature votive versions, such as 507 from Stele Shrine A. The continuing production, into the 5th century, of full-sized Corinthian Conventionalizingamphoriskoiis attested through finds in the West.95 507.
Amphoriskos KV-563. Potters' Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. 0.052. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XV, iii, p. 325, no. 1883, pl. 70.
Flaringringfoot; rounded, nearlysphericalbody and shoulder; flaring neck; plain rim; high-swung handles round in section. Underside reserved. Exterior of foot and junction with body red. On body, two black lines, applied red lotus-flower-andbud frieze. Floral elements have short straight stems, which rest on line below. Lotus flowers drawn as buds, with leaves
represented as short black diagonal lines near tops of buds. Three black lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder, alternating black and red tongues separated by short dilute lines. Top of shoulder andjunction with neck applied red, then black line, and black downward-pointingbuds on exterior of rim. Top of rim red. Interior of mouth black.Alternatingblack and red horizontal bars on handles. First half of the 5th century.
HYDRIA and HYDRISKOS Large vessels rarely receive Conventionalizing decoration, and the hydria is no exception. A single full-sized example is catalogued here, 508, from a mid-6th-century context. This hydria is black-glazed, with a reserved panel that is decorated with a zigzag, a floral chain, and tongues. Not fully Conventionalizing, it illustrates a period of transition in which Conventionalizing motifs are moved into zones that usually received figured decoration. 93 See
CorVP,pp. 496-497. XIII, p. 311, no. D44-j) to Compare MC T3244 (Corinth LC I C-60-121 (Lawrence 1964, p. 96, no. E20). 94
95 Examples include Orsi 1900, p. 89, fig. 31. Additional examples (unpublished) are on display in Sicilian museums.
HYDRIA AND HYDRISKOS
119
The hydriskos is a small hydria ranging in height from 0.040 m. to 0. 150 m. and is sometimes decorated in the Conventionalizing style. Hydriskoi were popular votives in the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore and have been discussed by Pemberton.96 Most of the hydriskoi from this sanctuary were plain or black-glazed, but a few are Conventionalizing. Conventionalizing hydriskoi have also been found in the Potters' Quarter, the Forum area, and deposit 23.97 In the 6th century, the hydriskos has a very broad foot and a low, wide wall profile. The side handles are horizontal. At the beginning of the 6th century, the body and shoulder form a nearly biconical profile, but the shoulder soon becomes lower, and both the shoulder and the body become more rounded.98 The shoulder and neck profile forms an S-curve. In the second half of the 6th century, the foot is still wide but becomes higher and the body is globular. The shoulder is less curved and becomes nearly horizontal. The neck retains a concave profile, but now meets the shoulder at a sharp angle, so that the shoulder and neck profile no longer forms an S-curve. During the first half of the 5th century, the shape becomes taller and more slender, and the center of gravity is raised. The side handles are canted, rising diagonally from their attachment at the top of the body. The diameter of the foot decreases, the neck becomes taller, and the rim becomes finer. At first, the shoulder of the vessel is nearly horizontal. By the middle of the 5th century, the shoulder begins to slope upward. The side handles are placed slightly lower on the body and then come to extend straight out rather than rising diagonally from the body. Through the middle of the 5th century, the body is ovoid, with its maximum diameter at the junction of the body and shoulder. Examples include 511-513. During the second half of the century, the profile of the upper half of the body becomes nearly vertical, as seen on 515 and 518. The body of a Conventionalizing hydriskos is decorated with black and red bands. The shoulder carries tongues, which soon degenerate into spindly raylike lines. Any additional decorative motifs are generally restricted to the handle zone, although in the 6th century, the junction of the body with the shoulder may be emphasized with a double-dotted band, as on 509. In the 5th century, the handle zone almost always carries a row of buds, though zigzags, maeanders, spirals, and myrtle are occasionally found.99 508.
Hydria T-3066. North Cemetery,deposit 46. H. 0.150; D. 0.122; D. (lip)0.066; D. (foot)0.064. 7.5YR 8/4 to 1OYR8/2. Mended from severalfragmentsand partly restoredin plaster.Corinth XIII, p. 311, no. D46-b, pl. 33. Flaring ring foot; ovoid body curves up to sloping shoulder; slightly concave neck; flaring rim with concave vertical lip; horizontalloop handles at mid-body;verticalhandle risesfrom shoulderto top of neck. Most of exteriorfromfoot to interiorof mouth black, with added red line at junction of foot and body. An added white line and an added red line below the handle zone. In reservedpanel between and below horizontalhandles and extending to junction of shoulder and neck, Conventionalizing decoration consisting of thick black zigzag, blacklinked lotus-flower-and-budchain with incised arcs on lotus flowers, 96 Corinth XVIII, i, pp. 10-12. For the history of the shape at Corinth, see CorVP,pp. 498-499. 97 Although hydriai have been found in tombs at Corinth, hydriskoihave not. A Corinthian Conventionalizinghydriskos on display in Ragusa was found in the Passo Marinaro Cemetery at Kamarina (Orsi 1900, p. 92, no. 79, pl. 57). It may have substituted for a lekythos or small oinochoe as a container for oil. 98 Compare T-1474 (Corinth XIII, p. 172, no. 135-2), dated ca. 600, to the somewhatlater T-3202 (Corinth XIII, no. 160-9).
black tongues outlined with dilute lines. Handles black. Neck and mouth black. Red line inside mouth. Mid 6th century. Fig. 20, P1.32 Hydriskos C-61-256. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,pottery lot 893. H. 0.063; D. (foot)0.042; Max.D. 0.063. 1OYR8/3. Mended from many fragments. Missing upper handle and several fragments from rim. Decoration is worn. Black glaze and added red or purple are nearlygone. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 168, no. 500, pl. 50.
509.
High, flaring ring base; wide, bulging sides; nearly horizontal shoulder; squat, concave neck with flaring, thickened, overhangingrim; horizontal loop handles belowjunction with shoulder;stumpof verticalhandle on shoulder.Bottom exterior 99 None found at Corinth are decorated with maeanders in the handle zone, but see Folzer 1906, p. 66, no. 80, pl. 6 (= Necrocorinthia, p. 336, no. 1533).
120
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
509
516
517
FIG. 20. Hydriskoi
edge of foot reserved,then added red on remainderof exterior of foot. On body, black band, red line, wide reserved band below and in handle zone. Handles black. Above horizontal handles, black double-dottedband borderedby red, black, red lines. Thin black tongues on shoulder.Vertical handle glazed, as far as preserved, with brown wash extending a short way below handle. Red line at top of shoulder. Neck red. Black glaze from exterior of rim to interior of lip. Two black bands on interior of rim below lip. Pemberton dates 509 to the second half of the 6th century. 510.
Hydriskos KP-2448. Potters' Quarter, wall E deposit. M.P.D. 0.047. 7.5YR 8/4. Fragment from wall, broken at attachment of horizontal handle. Corinth XV, iii, p. 207, no. 1113, pl. 47. Slightlyconvex upper body.Two blacklines merge at handle attachment.Myrtle on straightthin vine attachedby shortcurved stems. Fill 1933-2 from South Stoa Shop XXXII includes an uninventoried fragment of a plate decorated with a similarvine. If myrtlevines follow the same general development as ivy vines, a date in the first half of the 5th century is indicated. 511.
Hydriskos KP-907. Potters'Quarter,wall B deposit.PH. 0.050; Max.D. 0.059. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Missing neck, mouth, and vertical handle. Corinth XV, iii, p. 208, no. 1120, pl. 47. Concave disc foot with raised disc in center; ovoid body; two horizontal loop handles rise diagonally from upper body; nearly flat shoulder.Red band on exterior of foot, lower body reserved. Black, red, black bands below handles. Black zigzag in handle zone. Handle tips black. Black, red, black lines on shoulder, then black tongues. Top of shoulder red, as far as preserved. The use of a "featherstitching"zigzag and the style of the tongues on the shoulder indicate a date no earlier than the second quarterof the 5th century,but the relativelywide foot, the placement of the handles, and the rounded body suggest a date earlier than that of 512. 512.
P1.32 Hydriskos C-61-203. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,pottery lot 878. H. 0.070; D. (foot)0.029; Max.D. 0.060. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing one handle and part of rim. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 168, no. 501, pl. 50.
Flat bottom; low, flaring disc foot; ovoid body; wide, horizontal shoulder;cylindricalneck; horizontal, flaringrim; horizontal handles rise diagonally from upper body; vertical handle, round in section, rises from shoulder to rim. Exterior of foot red. Lower body reserved. Black band below handles, "necklace" of blackbuds in handle zone and onto handles. Red paint splashed on tips of horizontal handles. Vertical handle black. Red line at junction with shoulder, then black tongues. Top of shoulder to interior of neck black. Pemberton dates 512 to the first half of the 5th century, but a slightly adjusted range of dates may be preferable, as 512 is slightly taller and more slender than 511. The foot is narrowerthan that of 511, and the handles are slightlylower. The shoulder,however,is still horizontal. A date in the second quarterto middle of the 5th century is indicated. 513.
P1.32 Hydriskos C-36-371. Deposit 37 (drain 1936-1). P.H. 0.078; D. (lip) 0.035. 7.5YR 8/4. Five joining fragments preserve half of vessel and two handles. Complete profile preserved,except termination of foot and bottom.
Flaringring foot; ovoid body; low, sloping shoulder;wide neck; horizontal, outturned rim; two horizontalloop handles setjust below shoulder; vertical loop handle from shoulder to rim. Foot and lower body reserved, then black, red, black bands, band of black tongues. Black, red, black lines at junction with shoulder. Long thin black tongues on shoulder. Base of neck red, then black band to interior of lip. Backs of handles black. Probably slightly later than 512, since the shoulder is now sloping upward and the handles are horizontal. Second or perhaps into third quarterof the 5th centurybut must be earlier than 515. 514.
Hydriskos KP-2495. Potters' Quarter, Rectangular South Pit. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4 (core). Single fragment preservespart of upper body and shoulder and one horizontal loop handle. Corinth XV, iii, p. 201, no. 1074, pl. 46. Rounded body curves up to sloping shoulder;small horizontal loop handle, upturned at end, attached to upper body below junction with shoulder.Black band and two red lines on upper body. Black buds in handle zone. Red line at junction with shoulder.Blackband, two red lines, black tongues on shoulder. Bottoms of tongues extend below upper red line, and a few cross both red lines. Probablymiddle to second half of the 5th century.
LEKYTHOS
515.
P1.32 Hydriskos C-64-145. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.060; D. (rim) 0.035; Max.D. 0.054. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from many fragments. Missing base, lower body, and fragments from remainder. All preserved decoration is glaze fired brown. Pemberton 1970, p. 298, no. 116, pl. 74.
Ovoid body turns sharply to shoulder, which slopes up to nearly cylindrical neck, slightly wider at top, turned out to nearly horizontal rim; lug handles set horizontally at junction of wall and shoulder.Between them, high-swungstrap handle rises up to rim. Wide band at mid-body,blob buds in zone of horizontal handles. Tips of horizontal handles glazed. Black, red, black lines above handle zone at junction with shoulder. Black tongues on shoulder. Exterior and interior of neck and rim black. Vertical handle black. See pp. 149-151 for discussionof the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 516.
Hydriskos Fig. 20, P1.32 KV-411. Potters' Quarter, Shrine of the Double Stele. H. (to rim) 0.043. 10YR 8/3. Mended from severalfragments. Missing part of wall. Restored in plaster. CorinthXV, iii, p. 324, no. 1878, pl. 70. High, flaringring foot, with ridge atjunction of foot and body; ovoid body turns sharply to shoulder,which slopes up to nearly cylindricalneck, slightlywider at the top, turned out to nearly horizontal rim; lug handles rise from junction of wall and shoulder; between them, high-swung, double-rolled handle rises up to the rim. Red band on exterior of foot, black line at junction with body, wide reserved band, then black, red, black lines, black running spirals from right to left, red line, black zetas in handle zone, red line. On shoulder, thin black tongues. Neck and bottom of rim red. Black dots on lip. Top of rim reserved. Black band from interior edge of rim to interior of neck. Black on sides of vertical handle, and verticalrow dots on each roll of handle. Shape as 515. Third or early fourth quarter of the 5th century.
121
517.
Hydriskos Fig. 20 KP-935. Potters'Quarter,South of TerracottaFactory.PH. 0.065; Max.D. 0.056. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing part of neck, all of mouth, and vertical handle. All decoration is glaze fired black to red. Corinth XV, iii, p. 223, no. 1211, pl. 50. Flat bottom; unusually high, flaring, conical foot; squat, rounded lower body curves up to become nearly straightand verticalin zone of horizontal handles, then curvesinto straight sloping shoulder; slightly concave neck; horizontal loop handles below junction with shoulder; stump of vertical handle on shoulder. Band on top exterior edge of foot. Band below handles, teardrop-shapedbuds in handle zone and on horizontal handles and below vertical handle. Line at bottom of shoulder,then tongues. Top of shoulder to neck glazed, as far as preserved. Although the body has a squat appearance, the general features of the profile are those of the second half of the 5th century. 518.
P1.32 Hydriskos C-73-320. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,removalof rubble east of pit 1961-2 down to floor (no lot). P.H. 0.064; D. (base) 0.036; Max.D. 0.063. 10YR 8/3. Five joining fragments preserve body to base of neck. Foot chipped. Handles broken off (stumpspreserved). Corinth XVIII, i, p. 168, no. 502, pl. 50. Flaring ring foot in two degrees; ovoid body; nearly horizontal shoulder;narrowneck offset by neck ring; handle stumpsindicate horizontal loop handles at maximum diameter; vertical strap handle rises from shoulder. Underside reserved. Exterior of foot and junction with body red. Wide reserved zone. Below horizontal handles, black band, red line. Between handles, black upward-pointingivy leaves on short angularstems, then red, black, red lines below junction with shoulder.Black runningspiralon shoulder.Top of shoulder,neck ring and neck red, as far as preserved. Pemberton dates 518 to the late 5th or early 4th century.
LEKYTHOS Though an earlier example, 519, was found in the Potters' Quarter, nearly all the Conventionalizing lekythoi found at Corinth are from the Vrysoula Workshop, deposit 23.100 The Vrysoula lekythos is a slender, ovoid shape, with a small ring foot or false ring foot, and a continuous curve from body to shoulder, curving out to a straight, flaring rim. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1) also contained a fragmentary lekythos with a cylindrical body, but no other examples of this type are known in the Conventionalizing style. The ovoid lekythos does seem to have continued into the 4th century. 538, from the Terracotta Factory, is wider than those from Vrysoula and has a higher center of gravity. Small fragments of similar lekythoi are among the uninventoried context pottery from deposit 28 (drain 1937-1). 519.
Lekythos KP-155. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine. H. 0.087; D. 0.032. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Missing handle and XV, iii, p. 176, chips from base (restoredin plaster). Corinth no. 920, pl. 42; IFAR11.6, p. 25, no. 867.
100For further discussion, see Pemberton 1970, especially pp. 274-276; and see pp. 149-151 below.
Heavy, flaring ring foot; ovoid body; straight, sloping shoulder; neck ring; cylindrical neck; flaring, thickened rim; strap handle rises from shoulder to top of neck. Underside and bottom of exterior of foot reserved. Remaining exterior of foot black. Junction with body reserved. Wide red band,
122
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
black band. Black-figured linked lotus-palmette chain with central lotus leaves in added red, then red line, black line, two rows of black staggered dots, red line, black line at junction with shoulder.On shoulder,alternatingred and black tongues, outlined in black with scalloped edges. Top of shoulder,neck ring, and lower quarter of neck red, then black to interior of mouth. Handle black, as far as preserved. As Stillwell and Benson point out, the unusual shape is probably derived from Athenian black-figured lekythoi. By Pemberton's chronology of palmettes, 519 should be dated to the late 6th or early 5th century.10 520.
P1.32 Lekythos C-64-277. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.102. 10YR 8/3 to 2.5Y 8/2. Three joined fragments preserve part of body. Pemberton 1970, p. 287, no. 47, pl. 70. Nearly cylindrical upper body. The only decoration is a horizontal myrtle and berry vine in black glaze at the top of the preservedpart of the vase. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 521.
P1.32 Lekythos PH. 0.154. 7.5YR C-64-162. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). 7/6 to 7/4. Several fragments mended and partly restored in plaster to preserve upper two-thirds of vase. Pemberton 1970, p. 274, no. 5, pl. 66; Daux 1965, p. 691, fig. 5; CorVP, p. 277, no. 3.
Rounded convex body and shoulder curve to narrow constriction at base of neck to flaring, conical upper neck and flattopped rim. Bottom of exterior wall reserved, as far as preserved, then black band, red band, wide reserved band, two red lines, red band, two red lines, black band, two red lines at curve into shoulder.On shoulder,two animals meet, with teeth bared, overa clumpof plants renderedwith dilutelines. Animal on right is black-figuredgoat with reserved eye. His hind legs and end of tail are missingat break.Short incised slasheson the torso, head, horns, ears, and tail denote hair. Mouth incised. Belly of animal on left is in outline, with series of curved black lines, while remainder of animal is black-figured,with short incised slashes on torso, hindquarters,and head. Incision also used for eye and mouth. Lower parts of hind legs are missing, but hooves are preserved. Except for large high-swung tail, this animal, too, appears to be a goat. At constricted bottom of neck of vessel, solid brown alternating semicirclesbetween lines, with upper semicirclesoutlined. On upper neck, red line, band, line, black band, red line, red band continuing to top surface of rim. Black band on interior below rim. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 522.
P1.32 Lekythos C-64-328. Deposit 23 (channel 1964- 1).M.P.D.0.058.7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Two fragmentsjoinedto preservepartofshoulder. Alldecorationisbrownglaze.Pemberton1970, p. 276, no. 15, pl. 67. Slopingshoulder.Irregularline, then to left, fox in combination of silhouette and outline style, head missing.To right, forelegs of second animal. Both animals face left. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 11
Pemberton 1970, pp. 282-283; also see p. 30 above.
523.
P1.33 Lekythos C-64-166. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.159; D. (rim) 0.048. 10YR 8/3. Severaljoining fragmentspreservemost of upper body and shoulder, neck, and rim. Pemberton 1970, p. 275, no. 9, fig. 5, pl. 67. Ovoid upper body and shoulder;constrictedneck;flaringrim. Red line, wide reserved band, two red lines, red band, black band, two red lines. On shoulder, silhouetted figured scene of crane attackinglizard, branch between figures. On exterior of rim, wide black band, red line. Top of rim red. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 524.
P1.33 Lekythos C-64-168. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1).M.P.D.0.032. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment, broken all around. Pemberton 1970, p. 275, no. 11, pl. 67. In dark brown glaze, silhouette of deer facing right, eye and ear in outline. Most of torso, all of neck, most of head, and part of tail preserved. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. P1.33 Lekythos C-64-169. Deposit 23(channel 1964-1).M.PD. 0.071.7.5YR 8/4. Three joining fragmentspreservepart of shoulder and beginning of neck. Brown glaze, red paint. Pemberton 1970, pp. 275-276, no. 12, pl. 67. Convex shoulder;constricted neck. Red band, red line, brown band, two red lines, then figured scene in glaze. To left, tree or bush consisting of several branches. To right, silhouetted deer bounding left and looking back to right. Tail and three legs of deer missing at break. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 525.
P1.33 Lekythos C-64-165. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.101; D. (shoulder)0.127. 7.5YR 8/4. Eight joining fragmentspreserve much of upper body and shoulder. Partly restored in plaster.Pemberton 1970, p. 275, no. 8, pl. 67. Convex body and shoulder. Two red lines, red band, two red lines, black band, two red lines at junction of body and shoulder. On shoulder to left, silhouetted duck with head in outline, dot for eye, faces right. Circle of added white on breast and added white on wings. To right, cock facing left. Cock in silhouette, with added white circle on breast, two splotches of added red to either side of red circle and two white dots above circle. Fourwhite dots on tail. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 526.
527.
P1.33 Lekythos C-64-276. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.103; D. (rim) 0.050. 10YR 8/4 to 5YR 8/4. Several fragmentsjoined to preserve part of shoulder, neck, and rim. Pemberton 1970, p. 276, no. 13, pl. 67.
Convex shoulder; constricted neck; flaring rim. Red band, two red lines, red band, two red lines, then figured scene on
LEKYTHOS
shoulder. To left, branch. To right, quadruped (fox?)walking to left with head turned back. Animal in silhouette. Dotted cross below belly of animal. Narrow constricted part of neck reserved, black above. Narrow reserved band just below lip. Exterior and top of lip red. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 528.
P1.33 Lekythos C-64-167. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.136; D. (rim) 0.046. 7.5YR 8/4. Several fragments mended to preserve part of upper body and shoulder,neck, and rim. Pemberton 1970, p. 275, no. 10, fig. 6, pl. 67. Convex upper body and shoulder; constricted neck; flaring rim. Red band, line, wider reserved band. At junction with shoulder, two red lines, red band, red line, black band, two red lines. On shoulder, two vertical Type 2 palmettes, base to base, with volute tendrils to either side, then on each side, a horizontal Type 2 palmette points to central pair.Behind each horizontal palmette, silhouetted deer with reserved eye and outlined ears faces palmettes. At narrow constriction of neck, glazed "sine wave" enclosed by lines below and above. On exterior of rim, red line, black band, red line. Top of rim red. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 529.
P1.33 Lekythos C-64-329. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1).M.P.D.0.037. 1OYR 8/3 to 5YR 7/6 (core).Single fragment from shoulder,broken all around. Pemberton 1970, p. 276, no. 14, pl. 67.
Glazed torso and part of hindquarters(?)of animal, decorated by two sets of three incised lines each. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 530.
P1.33, Table 1 Lekythos C-64-275. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.032; M.PD. 0.46. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Single fragment from neck.
Ovoid body; narrow,constricted neck. Black zetas, black line, black "sine wave" with a half-circle in each curve, red dot in each half-circleloop, then black, red lines. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 531.
P1.34 Lekythos C-64-163. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.168. 10YR 8/4 to 7.5YR 8/4. Several fragments mended to preserve part of upper body and shoulder, neck, handle. Partly restored in plaster. Pemberton 1970, pp. 274-275, no. 6, pls. 67, 68; Daux 1965, p. 691, fig. 4.
Ovoid upperbody and shoulder;constrictedneck; straphandle from shoulder to neck. Red line, black band, red line, wide reserved band on upper body. At junction with shoulder, two red lines, red band, two red lines, black band, two red lines. Figured scene on shoulder in outline and silhouette. To left, two fighting cocks. Beak of cock on left and eye of cock on right reserved. Traces of added red and white paint on cocks. To right, gorgon in outline, with added white on eyebrows and used for nostrils. Red for mouth applied directly to clay surface. On neck, glazed line, half-circles,line. Traces of glaze and possible added red paint on stump of handle. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410.
123
532.
P1.34 Lekythos C-64-164. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.069. 2.5Y 8/2 to 10YR 8/3. Single fragment preservespart of shoulder, neck, and stump of handle. Glaze is worn off, leaving stain. Pemberton 1970, p. 275, no. 7, pl. 66. Sloping shoulder curves into constricted neck. Upper part of head of gorgon in outline, as on 531, but apparentlyby a different painter. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 533.
Lekythos Fig. 21 C-64-170. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.0253; D. (base) 0.065; D. (rim)0.048. 10YR 8/3. Severalfragmentsmended to preserve most of lower body, about half of upper body, shoulder,and neck. Small part of rim preserved. Handle is missing and restored in plaster. Pemberton 1970, p. 287, no. 42, figs. 4, 6, pl. 70; Daux 1965, p. 690, fig. 3.
Low false ring foot; ovoid body and shoulder;constrictedneck; flaringrim; straphandle rises from shoulderto neck. Red band on foot. At bottom of body, red line, black band, then wide reservedband. Two red lines at mid-body,then wide reserved band. At junction with shoulder,two red lines, blackband, red line, red band, two red lines. On shoulder,blackverticalType 2 palmettes. From left to right, upside-down palmette linked by tendril to two palmettes arranged base-to-base, linked by tendril to another upside-down palmette. On neck, red line, black band, red line below rim. Top of rim red. See 528 for similar palmettes. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 534.
P1.34 Lekythos C-64-257. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.120. 7.5YR 8/4. Eight joining fragments preserve part of upper body, shoulder and neck, and all of handle. Glaze is fired orange to brown, red paint. Pemberton 1970, p. 287, no. 43, pl. 70.
Ovoid body curvesup to narrowslightlyflaringneck. On body, two red lines, red band, two red lines, glazed band, two red lines. On shoulder (left to right from handle), ivy and berries, swastika,branch with seven buds (myrtle?),swastika, ivy and berries. Red paint at top of handle. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 535.
P1.34 Lekythos C-64-323. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.090. 7.5YR 7/6 to 8/4. Three joined fragmentspreservepart of upper body and shoulder.Pemberton 1970, p. 287, no. 46, pl. 70. Ovoid body and shoulder form continuous curve. Two red lines, red band, two red lines, black band, two red lines at junction of body and shoulder.On shoulder,rosette consisting of eight red petals around central glazed ring. Between petals, glazed chevrons. Glazed ivy vines on either side of rosette. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 536.
P1.34 Lekythos C-64-349. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.102. 10YR 8/3 to 5YR 8/4 (core).Sixjoining fragmentspreservepart of upper body,shoulder,neck, and stub of handle. Brownpaint and black glaze. Pemberton 1970, p. 287, no. 45, pl. 70.
124
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
II
I I
/!
1.
/, /'
//
538
533 FIG.21. Lekythoi Convex upper body. sloping shoulder, constricted neck. On body, two brown lines, black band, brown line, brown band, two brown lines. On left side of preserved shoulder, black vertical branch with nine leaves (myrtle?)similar to that on 534. On right, black double spiral scroll with thin radiating leaves above and below. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 537.
Lekythos C-64-366. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). P.H. 0.124. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from many fragments. Part of upper body and most of shoulder, neck, and rim preserved. Handle preserved. Pemberton 1970, p. 287, no. 44, pl. 70.
Ovoid body joins sloping shoulder in continuous curve;shoulder curves up to narrow, slightly flaring neck terminating in flat, inward-slopingrim. Verticalhandle swings from shoulder up to neck. Black band, reddish orange line, orange band, two orange lines below handle. Black myrtle vine on shoulder.On upper part of neck, orange line, black band, orange line. Top of rim orange. See pp. 149-151 for discussionof the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410.
538.
Lekythos Fig. 21 KP-2550. Potters' Quarter,Terracotta Factory,unspecified location. PH. 0.180; D. (rim) 0.049. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments.Missing base, bottom of body,and handle. Remainder of profilepreserved,though about three-fourths of body and half of rim are missing. Glaze is fired black to orange, red paint. CorinthXV, iii, p. 223, no. 1210, pl. 50; mentioned with Pemberton 1970, p. 274, no. 5, note 20. Ovoid body and shoulder form continuous curve; short, concave neck; flaring, outward-thickened rim with flat-topped, inward-slopinglip. On body, black band, reserved band, two red lines, wide reserved band, narrow black band, wide reserved band. On shoulder, two red lines, black band, two red lines, red band, two red lines, then reserved. On exterior of rim, black band, narrow red band. Top of lip red. 4th century.
FEEDER/FILLER
125
FEEDER/FILLER These vessels, relatively uncommon, have variously been identified as baby feeders and lamp fillers. As Amyx notes, the presence of this type of vase in infant graves supports the former identification.102 Conventionalizing examples of these vases fall into two distinct forms.103 The first is a kotyle or skyphos with a strainer top and a spout attached horizontally in the handle zone. This type follows the shape development of kotylai and skyphoi.104 It apparently dies out well before the end of the 5th century. The second shape is close in overall form to the exaleiptron but is narrower and taller. A low, convex wall rises to an incurving, downturned rim. A single horizontal reflex handle is attached at mid-body. A spout is attached at or slightly above the handle zone and is set 90-110 degrees from the handle. 541-543 were all found in late-5th- or 4th-century contexts, perhaps indicating that the second form replaced the first during the latter 5th century. The later form lacks a strainer, however, so it may have been used for a different purpose. 539.
Fig. 22
Feeder/filler
KV-914. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine. H. 0.038; D. 0.049. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Missing spout and fragment from rim. Corinth XV, iii, p. 312, no. 1722, pl. 67. Heavy, flaring ring foot; flaring body curves up to nearly vertical rim; strainer top slightly depressed from lip; stump of spout on exterior of rim; no handles. Two widely spaced black rings on underside and red circumferencering. Interior of foot and resting surface black. Bottom exterior edge of foot reserved, then remainder of foot red to junction with body. On body, black line, band, line, red band, black line, band, line. Black alternating stepped triangles separated by zigzag. Exterior of rim red. Strainer top black. First half of the 5th century,probably second quarter. 540.
Feeder/filler
T-1662. North Cemetery, grave 336. H. 0.063; D. (foot) 0.048; D. 0.067. 7.5YR 8/4. A few chips missing from base and rim. Corinth XIII, p. 243, no. 336e, pls. 49, 90. convex underside;heavy,flaringring foot; flaringbody Slightly curves up to nearly vertical double rim; strainer at top; two
539
horizontal loop handles with cylindrical spout between them on one side. Two widely spaced black rings on underside, interiorof foot red. Exterior of foot black, then on body,black line, band, line, red band, black line, band, line. Linkedlotuspalmette chain with lotus buds and stalksred, remainderblack. Type 1 palmettes. Handle tips, bottom of spout, lip of spout, and exteriorof rim black. Red line in depressionbetween outer and inner rim, inner rim black over all. On strainertop, black band, red line, adjoining black band. Center reserved. Second quarteror perhaps middle of the 5th century. 541.
Feeder/filler
P1.35
C-74-115. Forum West, grid 74D, no lot. Pottery collected from floor, late 5th to first half of the 4th century. M.P.D. 0.079. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/4. Six fragments mended to preserve part of wall, including spout. Broken on all sides. Glaze fired brown. See Williams and Fisher 1975, p. 7, for discussionof context. Spout modeled and painted to resemblelion'shead. Two bands below spout.Glazed eyes,jaws and mane painted on spout.Red band above spout. Dilute glaze on interior below spout. Late 5th or first half of the 4th century.
542 FIG.22. Feeders/Fillers
CorVP,p. 504. This observationappliesonly to the earlier, kotyle-likeshape. 103 A third form, not Conventionalizing, is common in the Demeter sanctuary;see Corinth XVIII, i, p. 63; Bookidis 1987, p. 54. 104 Three one-handled versions, all from tombs dated to the second half of the 6th century, are on display in the Orsi Mu102
seum at Syracuse. Another variant form, representedby two virtuallyidentical examples in Germany,has its spout between one horizontal loop handle and one vertical loop handle. See Necrocorinthia, p. 335, no. 1527, fig. 185; CVA,Heidelberg 1 [Germany 10], pl. 19:10; CVA,Frankfurt 1 [Germany 25], pl. 19:5.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
126
Fig. 22, P1.35 C-71-235. Deposit 32 (drain 1971-1). H. 0.063; D. (base) 0.067; D. (interior rim) 0.067; Est.Max.D. 0.104. 7.5YR 8/4 to O1YR8/4. Mended from several fragments. Many fragments missing, but complete profile preserved.All decoration is glaze fired black to red. Williamsand Fisher 1972, pp. 160-161, no. 44, pl. 27.
542.
Feeder/filler
Cutout disc foot; squat, globular body; rim rounded on top, inturned, and overhangingon interior;horizontalstraphandle at maximum diameter; conical spout below rim at oblique angle from handle. Underside reserved. Band on exterior of foot extends unevenly to wall above, bandjust below maximum diameter, two thin bands just below rim, band on top of rim, band on overhanging part of rim. Glaze on top and ends of handle strap.Leaves and triangles on spout. Interior glazed. Third or early fourth quarter of the 4th century.
543.
Feeder/filler
P1.35
C-71-265. Deposit 32 (drain 1971-1). H. 0.059; D. (base) 0.066; D. (interior rim) 0.066. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from many fragments. One-third of body missing, but complete profilepreserved.All decoration is blackglaze. Disc foot; globular body; rim turns inward and downward; ribbon handle with returns just above maximum diameter; hourglass-shapedspout in handle zone, set 90-degrees from handle. Black band below handle zone, black band above handle zone continuing on interior overhanging part of rim. Top of handle and returns glazed. Leaf decoration on spout. Lower half of interior glazed. Third or early fourth quarter of the 4th century.
KRATERISKOS The krateriskos,a small krater perhaps manufacturedexclusively for votive use, is occasionally decorated in the Conventionalizing style. A few are column kraters, and some of those, such as 544, have handle plates, but the handle plates are usually omitted. The typical krateriskos is a low, wide vessel with horizontal loop handles rising from the shoulder to the rim. Examples from the
6th century are very low and squat. The foot is glazed or painted, the body is decorated with one or two bands, and the shoulder carries a horizontal zigzag or a row of vertical bars. During the 5th century, the shape becomes more slender, and vertical bars are the only decoration in the handle zone. 544.
Krateriskos Fig. 23 KV-554. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 0.055; D. 0.065. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XV, iii, p. 315, no. 1756, pl. 68.
Flaring, conical foot; squat, ovoid body; narrow rounded shoulder;low, cylindricalneck; outward-projectinghorizontal rim;double cylindricalhandles rise diagonallyfromjunction of body and shoulder to handle plates, which extend horizontally from rim. Two black lines on interior of foot, alternatingblack and red tongues outlined in black, with scalloped edges on exterior of foot. Body black to just below handle zone, red band in handle zone, black dots on shoulder,neck black. Added red on exterior and top of rim. Handles and exterior edges of handle plates black, two bands of alternating triangles on tops of handle plates. Interior of rim reserved.Interior of body black. Middle or second half of the 6th century. 545.
Krateriskos
Fig. 23 KV-398. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 0.041; D. 0.051. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/6. Intact. Glaze is fired red, red paint. Corinth XV, iii, p. 315, no. 1754, pl. 68.
High, flaring ring foot; body flares outward and shoulder inward to form biconical profile;flat-topped,outward-projecting rim; two vertical loop handles rise from bottom of shoulder to rim. Two glazed rings on underside, interior of foot glazed, added red on exterior of foot, glazed line on lower body above junction with foot, two glazed lines below handle zone, two groups of eight to nine vertical glazed lines on either side of shoulder. Glazed bars on tops of handles, top of rim and interior glazed. 6th century,probably second half.
546.
Krateriskos
P1.35
KV-266. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 0.031; D. 0.043. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Intact. High, flaring ring foot; body flares outward and shoulder inwardto form biconical profile; rounded, outward-projecting rim; two vertical loop handles rise from bottom of shoulder to rim. Interior and exterior of foot black, two black lines below handle zone, vertical black lines on shoulder. Added red on top of rim. Black bars on tops of handles. Black bands on interior of rim and upper wall, lower interior wall and floor black. 6th century,probably second half. 547.
Krateriskos
Fig. 23 H. KV-609. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. 0.045; D. 0.060. 10YR 8/3. Intact.
High, flaring ring foot; body flares outward and shoulder inwardto form biconical profile; rounded, outward-projecting rim; two vertical loop handles rise from bottom of shoulder to rim. Two black rings on underside, interior and exterior of foot black. On body, two black lines, black band, two black lines, two groups of nine vertical black lines each on either side of shoulder.Added red on top of rim and handles. Interior black. 6th century,probably second half. 548.
Krateriskos
P1.35
KV-610. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 0.042; D. 0.052. 10YR 8/3. Intact. Glaze is fired black to reddish brown, red paint.
127
KANTHAROS
544
547
545
551
FIG.23. Krateriskoi High, flaring ring foot; body flares outward and shoulder inward to form biconical profile; rounded, outward-projecting rim; two vertical loop handles rise from bottom of shoulder to rim. Black ring and dot on underside. Entire foot black, three black widely and evenly spaced lines on body, short vertical black bars on junction of body and shoulder.Exterior edge of rim and handles decorated with black dots. Added red on top of rim. Interior black. 6th century,probably second half. 549.
Krateriskos
P1.35
KV-613. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 0.045; D. 0.057. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. High, flaring ring foot; body flares outward and shoulder inward to form biconical profile;rounded, outward-projecting rim; two vertical loop handles rise from bottom of shoulder to rim. Underside and interior of floor reserved. Exterior of foot and junction with body black, red band at mid-body, black band below handle zone, two groups of five to six vertical black lines each on shoulder. Added red on top of rim and handles. Two black bands on interior of wall, wide black ring on floor. 6th century,probably second half. 550.
Krateriskos
Flaring, concave disc foot; body flares outward and shoulder inwardto form biconical profile;rounded, outward-projecting rim; two vertical loop handles rise from bottom of shoulder to rim. Two black rings on underside. Exterior of foot black, two black lines below handle zone, black horizontal zigzag on shoulder.Top of rim black. Black dots on handles. Blackbands on lower interior of wall and at junction with floor. 6th century,probably second half. 551.
Krateriskos Fig. 23 KV-1219. Potters' Quarter, Circle Deposit. H. 0.042; D. (rim)0.055. 7.5YR 8/4. Fourfragmentsmended to preserve base and about one-third of remainder.
Flaring ring foot; ovoid body and shoulder; flat-topped outturned rim; two vertical loop handles rise from bottom of shoulder to rim. Interior and exterior of foot black. Blackline at bottom of body,two blacklines below handles, two groupsof eight vertical lines each on shoulder, top of rim black. Black bars on tops of handles. On interior, black line at junction of rim and shoulder,black band on lower body, wide black ring on floor. There are similar examples among the uninventoriedcontext pottery from deposit 33 (well 1931-14). 5th century.
KV-402. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. H. 0.034; D. 0.041. 10YR 8/3. Intact. CorinthXV, iii, p. 315, no. 1753, pl. 68.
KANTHAROS The term "kantharos" is used here for drinking vessels with vertical handles.105 A majority of the examples at Corinth were found in the Potters' Quarter. The variety in shape suggests that kantharoi were in production over a relatively long period of time, but a precise chronology is difficult to establish. 552 was found in trenchJ near the deposit. The foot and lower body are not preserved. The upper body is rounded and curves out to a straight, flaring rim. The rim is decorated with vertical zigzags and with dot rosettes whose central dot is red and larger than the black dots surrounding it. This type of decoration suggests a date no later than the third quarter of the 6th century. The kantharoi from Stele Shrine A appear to be among the next in the series, but variations between them suggest that they were themselves produced at different times. 553 has a welldefined, flaring ring foot and a straight, flaring body, which is sharply joined to a concave, flaring rim. Red paint is used liberally, and the interior is decorated with several black and red lines. 105 FollowingAgoraXII rather than CorinthXV, iii. Some of the vases discussed here are called "cups" in the latter volume. Stillwell and Benson (CorinthXV, iii, pp. 191-192) note
the similaritywith Boiotian examples from Rhitsona. See also Andreiomenou 1980, pls. 4:5, 5:1, 8:3, 10:4.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
128
Although the rim of 555 is slightly more concave, 555 and 556 are similar in shape. Each
has a slightly convex lower body and is slightly more slender than 553, with a more contracted foot. Little of the decoration of 555 has been preserved,but red paint is still used on the interior. Red paint does not appear on the interior of 556. An entirelyblack dot rosette is painted on either side of the rim. On one side, the central dot is largerthan the others, recalling552, but all the dots of the rosette on the other side of the vase are of uniform size. Still, the use of dot rosettes in
this zone suggests continuity of production from the time of 552. 554, from the Demeter sanctuary, is similar to these as well. The overall shape of 554 is still very low and broad. This example is not as well made as those from Stele Shrine A, but its wide foot and lower body most closely resemble 555. Since the zigzag decorating the rim has
not yet taken the appearance of a feather stitching, a date before the second quarter of the 5th century may be suggested (see p. 33). 557 still has similar proportions, but certain details of the shape are different from those of the last two kantharoi. The rim is not concave, and the lip is slightly incurving. 556 and 557 are the
firstof severalkantharoito carryladder decoration. It is used together with a verticalherringbone pattern on 557, and red paint is applied over black glaze to some parts of the patterns. The decoration of 558, from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1), is similar to that of 557, except that it lacks
any trace of red paint. 559, from Stele Shrine A, and 560, from the Circular South Shrine, also have contracted feet, but rather than the ring feet of the previous examples, these are flaring disc feet, concave
on the undersides,with slightlyraised central bosses. Both are decorated with ladders, and 559 is also decorated with vertical rows of chevrons,which are reminiscent of the branches common on the vases of the Sam Wide Group.106This may have chronologicalimplicationsfor the kantharos. The foot of 563 is still more contracted, and the overall shape is more slender. It carries a degenerate form of the decoration seen on a pyxis lid from deposit 22 (well 1934-10),1?7but it seems to be earlier than that on 390. 564-567
are the latest Conventionalizing kantharoi at Corinth. They are very poorly made
in the fabric associated with the second half of the 4th century in the North Cemetery. All are decorated with sloppy lotus-palmette friezes featuring Type 2 palmettes, and may be the same hand. 552.
Kantharos
KP-2391. Potters'Quarter,trenchJ,near "depositin Trench J." M.P.H. 0.035; Est.D. (rim) 0.090. 7.5YR 8/4. Three nonjoining fragments preserve about half of rim, part of upper body, and one handle. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 298-299, no. 1629, pl. 65. Rounded body curves inward atjunction with flaring rim;vertical straphandle with handle plate attachedat upper body and lip. Two red lines below handle zone at maximum diameter. In handle zone, groups of three vertical zigzags each alternate with dot rosettes formed of small black dots around a large central red circle. Black vertical bars on either side of handle. Two black lines on exterior of lip. On interior of rim, black line, band. Interior of wall black, as far as preserved. Black vertical zigzag on exterior side of handle, edges of handle and handle plate black. Worn black decoration, possibly chevrons, on top of handle plate. Benson suggestsa late LC I or early LC II date. The vertical zigzags and dot rosettes on the rim recall the decoration of
106 107
The Sam Wide Group is discussedon pp. 160-172 below. Pease 1937, pp. 285-286, no. 106, fig. 20 (C-34-1165).
45, a pyxis from deposit 1 (well 1947-4), and suggest a date no later than the third quarter of the 6th century. 553.
Kantharos
KV-548. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.037; D. 0.057. Mended from several fragments. Small part of lower wall missing.Corinth XV, iii, p. 310, no. 1697, pl. 67 (misidentified as kotyle). Flaring ring foot; flaringbody turns sharplyto concave, flaring rim;verticalloop handles. On underside,black centraldot, red band, blackband, interiorof foot red, then blackline. Red band on resting surface. Bottom exterior of foot reserved, then red. On body, black line, red line, wide reservedband. Red, black, red lines below handles. Black zigzag in handle zone, with black dots between bottom points of zigzag. Handles black. Top of exterior of lip to interior of lip red. Below interior of lip, black, red, red, black lines. Bottom half of interior of wall reserved.Junction with floor black. Black ring on floor. Perhaps the first quarter of the 5th century.
129
KANTHARos
560
555
554
564 564
566 FIG.24. Kantharoi Fig. 24 C-64-191. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,potterylot 2188. H. 0.046; D. (base)0.035; D. (rim)0.065. 5YR 7/6 to 10YR 8/3. Intact. All decoration is glaze fired red and very worn. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 175, no. 570, pl. 52. Flat bottom; low, flaringdisc foot; flaring,convex wall rounded to slightly concave rim; two strap handles from top of body to top of lip and risingslightlyhigher than lip. Underside reserved. Exterior of foot glazed, band below handles, zigzag in handle zone, line on top of lip. Narrow band on interior of rim below lip. Band at bottom of wall just abovejunction with floor. Pemberton dates lot 2188 to the first half of the 5th century. The style of the zigzag suggestsa date still in the firstquarterof the century,but the vessel form appears to be later than that of 553.
554.
Kantharos
Kantharos Fig. 24 KP-1919. Potters'Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. 0.047; Est.D. (rim) 0.066 (ca. true). 7.5YR 8/4. Missing one handle and three-fourthsof rim. Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, p. 192, no. 1013.
555.
Flaring ring foot; deep, convex body turning in at angle to flaring, concave rim; high strap handle attached at bottom of rim and at lip. Red, black lines below handle, black, red lines on top of rim, black, red lines at top interior of wall, black circumferencering on floor. Shape similar to 554. Probablyfirst quarter of the 5th century. 556.
Kantharos
KV-546. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.039; D. 0.048. 7.5YR 8/4. A few small chips missing from base, otherwise intact. Corinth XV, iii, p. 312, no. 1728, pl. 67. Flaring ring foot; slightly convex body turns in at angle to concave rim; high strap handles. Exterior of foot andjunction
with body black. Wide reserved band, red line, wide reserved band, black line below handles. Black ladder on either side of handles, black dot rosette on each side between handles, black line at top of rim. Top of one handle black, top of other handle decoratedwith two black lines and red bar acrosswidth. Black line on interior at junction of rim and wall. Black line above junction with floor. Contemporarywith or perhaps slightly later than 555. 557.
Kantharos
KP-141. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.067; D. 0.091. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended and restored in plaster from many fragments. A few fragments missing. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 191-192, no. 1012, pl. 45. Flaring ring foot with flat resting surface;lower body flares up with convex profile, then turns sharply to concave rim; two vertical loop handles rise from bottom of rim to top of rim. Underside reserved.Exterior of foot red. Blackline atjunction with body. Narrow red band below handles, then black line, black herringbone on either side of each handle. Ladder with added red on every other rung in center of handle zone. Bases of handles black, handles decorated with black zigzag between two vertical lines. Top interior edges of handles red. Red band from top of rim to interior of rim, black band one-third of the way down on interiorof wall, black band atjunction with floor. A few accidental splashes of black on interior of lower wall. Probablyslightly earlier than or contemporarywith 558. 558.
Kantharos
P1.35
C-64-152. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.034; Est.D. (rim) 0.060. 10YR 8/3. Single fragment preserves part of wall and rim. All decoration is black glaze. Slightly convex body flares up to vertical, concave rim. Three lines at junction of body and rim, with top two lines merged in places. On rim to left, vertical herringbonepattern;to right,
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
130
verticalladder.Top oflip glazed, continuingas band on interior of rim. Line on interior at top of wall below junction with rim. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Deposit dated 450-410. This example is probably early in that range, since it appears to be earlier than 559 from Stele Shrine A. 559.
Kantharos
P1.35
KP-1920. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.046; D. 0.067. 10YR 8/3 to 5YR 7/6. Missing both handles and XV, iii, p. 191, fragmentsfrom rim. Mentioned with Corinth no. 1012 (here 557). Spreadingdisc foot with raised disc on underside;convex body curvesup to flaring,concave rim. Blackline on exteriorof foot, red line, black band, red line at junction with rim. Vertical black branches on either side of handles, black ladder between handles. Red line on top to interior of lip. Red line at top interior of body. Third quarter or perhaps even early fourth quarter of the 5th century.
fired black to red. CorinthXV, iii, p. 299, no. 1630, pl. 65; IFAR11.6, p. 24, no. 863. Flaring disc foot; deep, flaring body curves up to concave rim; verticalstraploop handles attached to bottom of rim and top of lip. Bandfromcircumferenceof undersideto outer edge of foot, top of foot reserved.Wide band on junction with body and onto lower body, line above, wide reservedband, line below handle zone. In handle zone, two rows of dotted horizontalS's, bottom row left to right and top row right to left, developed from the dotted-loop or running-spiralmotif. On one side only, ladders placed in front of handles at either end of dotted S panel. Top of lip glazed. Band on interior at mid-wall. Three elongated triangles on handle. Benson followed Stillwell in dating this to the second half of the 6th century,but noted that a later date was possible.The shape of 563 is between those of 562 and 565, so a date in the first half of the 4th century is likely. Kantharos Fig. 24 KP-1018. Potters'Quarter,Shrine of the Double Stele. P.H. 0.041; Est.D. (rim) 0.090. 10YR 8/3 to 8/2; 10YR 7/3 (core). Mended and partly restored in plaster to form two nonjoining fragments, which preserve part of body, about half of rim, one handle and stump of another.All decoration ispeeling blackglaze. Corinth XV, iii, p. 215, no. 1154, pls. 48, 118.
564.
Kantharos Fig. 24 KV-913. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine. H. 0.038; D. 0.055. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from severalfragments.Onefourth of rim and one handle missing.All decoration is red XV, iii, p. 312, no. 1730, pl. 67. glaze. Corinth Concavediscfoot with raiseddisc on underside.Slightlyconvex body curves up to slightly convex rim. Vertical loop handles. Exteriorof foot glazed. Line below handles. Ladderson either side of handles and between handles. Top of rim and top of handle glazed. Line on interior at junction of rim and body, line at mid-body. Third quarter or perhaps early fourth quarter of the 5th century.
Deep, convex body turns in at angle to concave rim; highswung strap handle from lower rim to lip has outward-projecting spur above lower attachment and inward-projectingspur above upper attachment. Body reserved, as far as preserved. Palmette between two volutes with radiating leaves in handle zone. Branch on top of handle. Downward-pointingtriangles on interior of rim. 4th century.
561.
565.
560.
Kantharos
KP-2457. Potters' Quarter, wall B deposit. PH. 0.037; Est.D. 0.150. 7.4YR 8/4. Single fragment. Glaze is fired black to red, red paint. CorinthXV, iii, p. 208, no. 1116, pi. 47. Slightly incurving rim. Painted, glazed lines, glazed vertical branch, narrow glazed band on exterior of rim continuing to top interior of lip. Second half of the 5th century. 562.
Kantharos
P1.35
C-73-233. Lechaion Road East, pottery lot 73-69. H. 0.043; D. 0.057; D. (foot) 0.034. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from many fragments, preserving complete profile, except handles. Stump of one vertical loop handle preserved. Concave disc foot, with small raised disc on underside;convex body curves up to slightly concave rim. Underside and bottom exterior of foot reserved.Remaining exterior of foot red. Black band below handle zone. Groupsof three to five buds in handle zone. Exterior to interior of lip red. Narrow black band on interior of rim below lip. Black band on lower interior of wall. Late 5th century. 563.
Kantharos
Table 1
KP-143. Potters' Quarter, Cistern I. H. 0.076; D. (rim) 0.089. 10YR 8/3 to 5YR 8/4. Missing one handle, otherwise intact. Restored in plaster. All decoration is glaze
Kantharos
Table 1
KP-226. Potters' Quarter, Terracotta Factory, deposit 2. H. 0.080; D. 0.088. 7.5YR 7/4 to 5YR 8/4. Rim chipped, otherwiseintact. Glaze is firedred to black, red paint. Corinth XV, iii, p. 212, no. 1130, pl. 48; IFAR11.6, p. 24, no. 864. Flaring, concave disc foot, with raised disc on underside;deep, convex body curves up to concave rim; vertical strap loop handles attached at upper body and top of rim. Wide glazed band at bottom of body, wide reserved band, narrow painted band below handles. In handle zone on either side, glazed lotus between Type 2 palmettes with extra "buds"on either side of lotus near top. Similar to 566 and 567. Second half of the 4th century. Kantharos Fig. 24, P1.35 KP-691. Potters' Quarter, Terracotta Factory, deposit 2. H. 0.073; D. 0.078. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Nearly complete. Mended from severalfragments.Black glaze is fired reddish brown in some places. Corinth XV, iii, pp. 11, 212 (mentioned with no. 1130, here 565). Flaring, concave disc foot, with raised disc on underside;deep, convex body curves up to concave rim; vertical strap loop handles attached at upper body and top of rim. Wide black band on lower body, red line below handles. In handle zone, black lotus between two palmettes. Tops of handles glazed. 566.
131
KANOUN
Black band on interior of rim, black band at mid-body,black band at junction with floor. Similar to 565 and 567. Second half of the 4th century. 567.
Kantharos
P1.35
KP-699. Potters' Quarter, Terracotta Factory, deposit 2. H. 0.074; D. 0.081. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. Blackglaze is fired reddishbrown in some places, red XV, iii, pp. 11, 212 (mentioned with no. 1130, paint. Corinth here 565).
Flaring,concave disc foot, with raised disc on underside;deep, convex body curves up to concave rim; vertical strap loop handles attached at upper body and top of rim. Glazed band at bottom of body, red band below handles. Between handles, glazed lotus between two palmettes. Glazed band on interior of rim, at mid-body,and at junction with floor. Similar to 565 and 566. Second half of the 4th century.
KANOUN The kanoun is a low tray with a flat bottom and low, vertical wall. 108 The examples from trenchJ in the Potters' Quarter have grooved undersides, curving up sharply to very low, slightly concave walls. Three cleft lugs are attached diagonally to the top of the rim. These kana already carry the decoration that is typical of this shape and also common on pyxides. 569 is decorated with only bands and lines, while the exterior wall of 568 carries bars and wavy lines. The kana from Stele Shrine A are quite similar to those from the deposit in trench J, but the walls are straighter, and the rims of most of them are now decorated with glazed dots. The lug handles may now be grooved, as on 571, or plain, as on 582, rather than cleft. In the middle or third quarter of the 5th century, the lug handles of kana may be replaced with vertical double-loop handles. Both handle types are represented in the Circular South Shrine, but all the kana from deposit 22 (well 1934-10) have double-loop handles. The bottoms of the kana may project beyond the bodies. With the possible exception of 8, these are the latest of the full-sized kana at Corinth. Miniature Conventionalizing kana continue in the 4th century, but these cannot be dated closely. Kanoun Fig. 25 KP-761. Potters'Quarter,trenchJdeposit. H. (to rim)0.018; D. 0.105. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Mended from nine fragments. Missing fragmentsfrom rim and part of one handle. Corinth XV, iii, pp. 303-304, no. 1657, pl. 66.
568.
Flat bottom with fine concentric grooves inside and out; vertical, slightly concave body; rounded lip; three cleft lug handles flare outward diagonally from lip. Underside reserved. Black line at bottom of exterior,then widely spaced black bars, with pairs of vertical wavy lines on either side of each bar. Black line above. Exterior of rim reserved, exterior of handles black. Interiorof handles reserved.Blackband on interiorof rim. On interior of wall, widely spaced groups of three vertical wavy lines each. Floor black. In the catalogue entry in CorinthXV, iii, Benson suggests a date in the second half of the 7th century on the basis of the fabric, but he notes that Stillwell dated this kanoun to the middle of the 6th century.It is probably even a bit later than that. A kanoun decorated with vertical wavy lines is depicted on a wooden plaque found near Corinth at Pitsa.109 Fig. 25 KV-1044. Potters' Quarter, trench J deposit. H. 015; D. 0.076. 7.5YR 7/4. Mended from five fragments. Missing fragment from rim and half of one handle. CorinthXV, iii, p. 326, no. 1896, pl. 70.
569.
108
Kanoun
For the relationshipbetween kana and plates, see CorVP, p. 469; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, pp. 118-119.
Slightly convex, grooved underside;sharply angled to vertical wall; slightly flaring, outward-thickened rim; three cleft lug handles. Underside reserved.Black, red, black bands on body. Exterior of handles black. Interior of handles red. Black line on interiorjust below rim, lower two-thirdswall and floor red. Two others from the deposit, KV-635 and KV-636 (unpublished), are slightly smaller but identical in shape to 569. 6th century,probably second half. 570.
Kanoun
KV-1045. Potters' Quarter, east of Erosa Shrine. H. 0.015; D. 0.075. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing nearly half of rim and two handles. Remaining handle chipped. Corinth XV, iii, p. 327, no. 1906, pl. 70. Slightly concave underside turns sharply to flaring rim; thickened lip; cleft lug handle follows flare of rim. Underside reserved. Black band just above bottom of exterior.Exterior to interioroflip, includinghandles, black.Possibletracesof added red line on interior of lip (worn).Two black bands on interior of wall. Floor black. 6th century,probably second half. Kanoun Fig. 25 KV-596. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.011; D. 0.077. 7.5YR 8/4. Misshapen and missing one handle. Restored in plaster. Corinth XV, iii, p. 326, no. 1897, pl. 70; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 145, no. 24.
571.
109
CorVP,pp. 604-605,
pinax A.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
132
568
569
571
572
574
581
FIG.25. Kana Concave underside,projectingon exterior,curvesup to flaring rim; three lug handles with vertical grooves on interior follow flare of rim; outer half of floor has six ridges, center of floor is flat. Underside and exterior of bottom red. Exterior of rim black. Added red on top and interior of rim, with some red paint also smeared on the exterior of the rim. Lugs reservedon exterior,red (applied directlyto clay surface)on interior.Black alternating stepped triangles, irregular in shape, on interior of wall to floor. Six ridges in floor red. Flat center of floor decorated with black band, central circle reserved. Probablyfirst half of the 5th century. Kanoun Fig. 25, P1.36 C-34-1189a-b. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). (a) H. 0.026; Est.D. 0.100. (b) M.PD. 0.068. 10YR 8/3. Two nonjoining fragments preserve part of bottom, wall to rim, and one handle.
572.
Flat bottom curves up to inset vertical body; round lip; horizontal loop handle set vertically on lip, depressed in center. Underside reserved.Black band on exterior of base and lower body, red band, black band on exterior of rim. Black dots on top of lip and handles. Black band on interior of rim and on lower wall, reservedband atjunction with floor.Floor black, as far as preserved. Ca. 460-420.
573.
Kanoun
P1.36
C-34-1190. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). P.H. (to top of handle) 0.032; Est.D. 0.090; M.P.D.0.074. 7.5YR 8/2 to 10YR 8/3. Three joining fragments preserve part of upper body, rim, and half of one handle. Pease 1937, p. 285, fig. 20. Vertical, slightly concave wall; thickened rounded lip; loop handle set vertically on lip and depressed in center. On body, red band or line at break, short black horizontal zigzags (two preserved), red line, black band below lip. Large black dots on top of lip and handle. Black band on interior below lip, reservedband, black band, then reservedband to break. Ca. 460-420. 574.
Kanoun
Fig. 25, P1.36 C-34-1191. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). H. 0.037. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves small part of bottom, full profile of wall to rim, and one handle. Pease 1937, p. 285, fig. 20.
Flat bottom curves up to vertical body; rounded lip; loop handle set verticallyon lip and depressed in center.Underside reserved. Red, black, red, black, red, black lines on exterior of body. Black dots on top of lip. Top of handle red. Interior of body black, with narrow reserved band and thin black line at bottom. Floor red, as far as preserved. Ca. 460-420.
MINIATURE KANOUN 575.
Miniature kanoun
KV-184. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.010; D. 0.039. 7.5YR 7/4. Intact. CorinthXV, iii, p. 326, no. 1898, pl. 70. Slightly concave bottom rounded up to vertical wall; flaring rim; three cleft lug handles flaring up from lip. Underside reserved. Black line at bottom exterior of wall. Black band on exterior of rim. Black dots on top to interior of rim and on lugs. Two black lines on interior of wall. Floor red, with small central circle reservedand decorated with small black ring. 5th century. 576.
Miniature kanoun
P1.36 KV-185. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.013; D. 0.041. 7.5YR 8/4. Two handles missing.
Slightly concave bottom sharply angled to slightlyflaringwall, curvingout to flaring rim; three cleft lug handles on lip continuing flare of rim. Underside reserved. Black band on middle of exterior of wall. Black band on exterior of rim. Black dots on interior of rim and handle, then black line. Black line on lower wall. Floor red, with small central circle reserved and decorated with black dot. 5th century. 577.
Miniature kanoun P1.36 KV-188. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.012; D. 0.039. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact.
Concave underside; sharp bevel to vertical body; slightlyflaring rim; three vertical cleft lug handles rise from rim. Underside reserved. Black line on lower body, black line below lip,
133
KANOUN
black dots on lip, interior of rim black, black line on middle interior of wall. Floor red, with central circle reserved and decorated with black dot. 5th century. 578.
Miniature kanoun
KV-536. Potters'Quarter, CircularSouth Shrine. H. 0.011; D. 0.046. 7.5YR 7/4. Intact. Corinth XV, iii, p. 326, no. 1900, pl. 70. Flat, slightly concave underside rounded up to flaring body and flaring rim; three cleft lug handles on lip follow flare of rim. Underside reserved. Black line on exterior at mid-body. Black line just below exterior of lip. Black dots on lip. Black line on interior of lip and at bottom of body. Floor red, with central circle reservedand decorated with small black ring. 5th century. 579.
Miniature kanoun
KV-553. Potters' Quarter, Shrine of the Double Stele. H. (to rim) 0.012; D. 0.040. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing part of rim and one handle. Corinth XV, iii, p. 326, no. 1903, pl. 70. Slightly concave bottom offset from exterior wall by deep groove; vertical wall; slightly flaring rim; cleft lug handles (two preserved)set vertically on rim. Underside reserved. On exterior, narrow black, red bands, then wide black band on exterior of rim. Black dots on tops of rim and handles. Black band on interior below rim, then narrow red band. Black line at junction with floor. Floor red, with central circle reserved and decorated with black ring. 5th century. 580.
Miniature kanoun
P1.36
KV-580. Potters'Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. (to rim)0.012; D. 0.046. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Slightly concave bottom curves up to vertical wall; thickened lip; three vertical lug handles set on lip. Underside reserved. Wide black band on exterior of wall. Black dots on top of rim and handles. Interior of wall black. Junction with floor reserved. On floor, black line, red band, large black central circle. 5th century. Fig. 25, P1.36 C-1982-52. East of Theater, pottery lot 1982-88. H. 0.010; D. 0.040. 7.5YR 7/4. Mended from four fragments. Complete. Williams and Zervos 1983, p. 6, no. 20 (numbergiven as C-1982-92), pl. 4.
581.
Miniature kanoun
Flat bottom rounds up to slightly flaring vertical wall; slightly everted lip; three vertical lug handles, concave on top, symmetrically placed on lip. Underside and exterior junction of base and wall reserved, then black, red bands. Black dots on lip and tops of handles, black band on interior below lip, floor red, with reservedcentral dot. First half or middle of the 5th century. P1.36 KV-187. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.012; D. 0.044. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact.
582.
Miniature kanoun
Slightly concave bottom, sharply angled to vertical wall; slightly flaring rim; three plain lug handles set on lip continue flare of rim. Underside reserved. Black band on exterior below rim. Black dots on exterior and top of rim. Interior of
handles and interior of rim black. Black line at junction with floor. On floor, wide red band, black line, black band, central circle reserved. Date in the 5th century,perhaps later than those with cleft handles. 583.
Miniature kanoun
P1.36
KV-1210. Potters' Quarter, Erosa Shrine. H. 0.012; D. 0.039. 7.5YR 8/4. One handle missing. Slightly concave underside, sharply angled to concave wall; slightly flaring rim; three small triangularlug handles follow flare of rim. Underside reserved.Red band on middle exterior of body. Black dots on top of rim and handles. Black line below interior of lip. Floor red, with central circle reserved and decorated with black ring. See 582. 5th century. 584.
Miniature kanoun
KV-1267. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine.H. 0.017; D. 0.051. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from two fragments.Missing one handle and about one-third of wall and rim. Corinth XV iii, p. 326, no. 1902, pl. 70. Flat bottom curves up to vertical, slightly convex wall; slightly incurvingrim; three verticalloop handles, depressedin center, set on lip. Underside reserved.On exterior of wall, blackband, line, red band below handles. Tops of handles red. Red line on interior of rim. On floor, red band, black line, wide red band, black line, black band. Central circle reserved. Second half of the 5th century. 585.
Miniaturekanoun
KV-1055. Potters' Quarter, Terracotta Factory, near deposit 8. H. 0.013; D. 0.047. 7.5YR 7/4. Intact. Glaze is fired black to brown, red paint. Corinth XV, iii, p. 326, no. 1905, 70. pl. Slightly concave bottom curves up to vertical wall; groove at bottom of body; flaring rim; three handles on lip follow flare of rim; one handle is very small closed loop handle, other two are triangularlugs. Underside reserved.Blackbands at bottom and top of exterior. Exterior of handles reserved. Interior of rim and handles red. Black band mid-body on interiorof wall. Red circumferenceband on floor, then black band, red band, black central dot. Probably4th century.
134
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
THYMIATERION The Conventionalizing thymiaterion (incense-burner) is infrequently found. More than one-third of those found in the Corinth excavations are from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). Deposit 22 (well 1934-10) contained one base and one lid. Other examples have been found in the Potters' Quarter, particularly in the areas of the stele shrines, and in deposit 33 (among the uninventoried context pottery) of the Asklepieion. 586, 587, and 603 appear to be the earliest. They have low, conical feet with broad resting surfaces, relatively short, thick stems, and deep bowls. 110 The lid of 587 is nearly hemispherical. The biconical knob is offset by a ring. The thymiateria from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1) have narrower stems, and the stems now feature projecting rings at mid-height. The bowls are shallower. The lids are high, nearly conical, and have cutouts. They have flaring, conical, flat-topped knobs. The stems of 601 from the Road Deposit, 602 from the Circular South Shrine, and the examples from deposit 33 (well 1931-14) have multiple rings. All the thymiateria found in securely dated contexts in the Corinth excavations can be dated to the late first half or the second half of the 5th century. 601 and 602, which appear to be latest, are from areas of the Potters' Quarter with broad ranges of dates, but these thymiateria seem to be the direct descendants of those found in deposit 23 and are perhaps not much later than them. Comparable Attic versions have been dated to the second half of the 4th century, however, and if 605 is contemporary with the deposits 1ll in the Terracotta Factory, the shape continues in miniature well into the 4th century. P1.37 Thymiaterion C-34-1014. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). P.H. 0.052. 2.5Y 8/2 to 10YR 8/3. Two joining fragments preserve about onefourth of foot, all of stem, and bottom of bowl. Glue on break at foot suggests that more had been recovered but is now lost. Pease 1937, p. 286, no. 119. Very low, conical foot with broad resting surface rises to stem with slightly concave profile;low ridge atjunction with rounded bowl on one side. Black, red, black, red, black bands to top of stem. Exterior and interior of bowl reserved, as far as preserved. Deposit dated ca. 460-420. The date of this piece is probably in the beginning of that range, since the form precedes any found in deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). 586.
587.
Thymiaterion Fig. 26 KP-1045. Potters'Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. (bowl)0.060; H. (withlid) 0.096; Max.D. (base)0.049. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Glaze is fired black to red, red paint. Corinth XV, iii, p. 196, no. 1038, pl. 45. Very low, conical foot with broad resting surface rises to stem with slightly concave profile; nearly hemispherical bowl with inset flange;low, rounded lid has downward-pointingtriangular cutouts at mid-height and rises to biconical knob, with low ridge at knob attachment. Exterioredge of foot red, extending around circumference of top of foot, then black band, black line, red band, black line, reserved band at mid-stem, black line, black band. On exterior of bowl, two black bands, red band. Top of rim to interior lip of flange black. Black band below interior of lip, black ring on floor. On lid, black band, black line, red band, black line, black band. Red, black, black
1 0 The foot of 587 is nearly flat.
"l AgoraXXIX, pp. 211, 382, nos. 1431-1434 (P 13554, P 13555, P 6162, P 19535), fig. 86, pl. 109. See Ure 1968,
lines around knob. Ridge at base of knob reserved.Lower half of knob black, On top of knob, two black rings, red centraldot. Shape similar to 586. Middle of the 5th century or a bit later. 588.
Thymiaterion KP-2571. Potters'Quarter,Shrine of the Double Stele. P.H. 0.032. 10YR 8/3. Single fragment preservesupper part of lid and most of knob. Corinth XV, iii, p. 215, no. 1160, pl. 48. Low, rounded lid has circular cutouts between two pair of grooves and rises to low, flaring, conical, flat-topped knob. Black scroll maeander, black dots in first groove, black line in second groove, black dots, red band in lower part of cutout zone. Black line, black dots above cutout zone. Black band in second pair of grooves, then black dots, red band to just below flaring top of knob. Red line at bottom exterior edge of top of knob. Black dots, black line at top exterior edge of knob. On top of knob. Black dots, red line, black dotted whorl with red base ring, black swastikain center. Degenerate whorl is generally similarto the undotted whorl on the undersideof 643, a kotyle dated by profileto the middle or third quarterof the 5th century.The lid profile is not quite as rounded as that of 587. Third quarterof the 5th century. 589.
P1.37 Thymiaterion C-64-95. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.112; D. (base) 0.073; D. (rim)0.087. 7.5YR 7/6 to 8/4. Nearly complete. Mended and restoredin plaster.All decoration is glaze fired red. Pemberton 1970, p. 290, no. 66, fig. 3, pl. 71.
High, flaringconical foot, concavein profile, curvesup to cylindrical stem, which has projectinghorizontal disc at mid-point;
pp. 140-141, for a discussion of non-Corinthian depictions of thymiateria.
THYMIATERION
135
587
I
590
597
k
602
601 FIG. 26. Thymiateria
stem supports low, shallow, convex bowl with inset vertical flange. Four series of alternating bands and lines, then band on projecting disc, line above. Two bands on exterior of bowl. Exterior of flange glazed. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. Thymiaterion Fig. 26, P1.37 C-64-97. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.076; D. (base) 0.058; D. (rim)0.076. 7.5YR 8/4. Nearly complete. Mended and restored in plaster. Pemberton 1970, p. 290, no. 67, pl. 71; Daux 1965, p. 693, fig. 8. Low, flaring, conical foot, concave in profile, curves up to cylindrical stem, which has projecting horizontal ridge at midpoint; stem supportslow, shallow,convex bowl with inset vertical flange. Black, red, black, red, black, black bands. Top of exterior of flange glazed. Joined in photograph with 595, a lid that fits well and may be 590's mate. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 590.
P1.37 Thymiaterion C-64-98. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.068; D. (rim) 0.065. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/6 (core).Single fragment missing all of base and chips from rim. All decoration is glaze fired red. Pemberton 1970, p. 290, no. 68, pl. 71. Cylindricalstem, which has projecting horizontal disc at midpoint, supports low, shallow, convex bowl with inset vertical flange. Three bands on stem, one band at junction with bowl, one band on exterior of bowl. Exterior of flange glazed. Two bands on interior of wall. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 591.
592.
P1.37 Thymiaterion C-64-99. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.065; D. (rim) 0.067. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Mended from several fragments. Missing all of base and small fragmentsfrom remainder. Cylindricalstem, which has projectinghorizontalridge at midpoint, supports low, shallow, convex bowl with inset vertical flange. Red, black, red, black bands on stem. Black band on exterior of bowl. Two bands on exterior of flange, with second continuing to interiorlip of flange. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. P1.37 Thymiaterion C-64-100. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.082; D. (rim) 0.056. 10YR 8/3. Mended from severalfragments.Missing part of base and part of bowl. Pemberton 1970, p. 290, no. 69, fig. 3, pl. 71. Low, flaring, conical foot, concave in profile, curves up to cylindricalstem, which has projecting horizontal disc at midpoint; stem supports low, shallow, convex bowl with inset vertical flange. Black band, red band, black line, black band, red band on body. Black band at junction with bowl. Black band on bowl, black band on exterior of flange, black line on interior lip of flange, black band at junction with floor. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 593.
594.
P1.37 Thymiaterion C-64-325. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). PH. 0.052; D. (knob)0.041. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Single fragmentpreserves top of lid and all of knob. All decoration is glaze fired brownish orange. Pemberton 1970, p. 287 (identified as pyxis lid), no. 49, pl. 70.
136
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DECORATION OF SHAPES
Conical lid with convex profile rises to flaring, conical, flattopped knob; lid stepped below junction with knob. Two-bar hook maeander, line, band, line, band, line, band, then solid glaze to top exterior edge of knob. On top of knob, dots, line, zetas, narrowband, central dot. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 595.
P1.37 Thymiaterion C-64-101. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.079; D. 0.067. 7.5YR 8/4. Nearly complete lid. Mended and restored in plaster.Pemberton 1970, p. 289, no. 63, pl. 71; Daux 1965, p. 693, fig. 8. Conical lid with convex profile and alternatingtriangularcutouts at mid-point rises to flaring, conical knob with conical depression in center of top; ridge at junction with knob. Lip reserved, then black line, black broken single maeander, left to right, black line, red band in cutout zone, black line, black band to ridge. Edge of ridge reserved, top of ridge black, side of knob black. On top of knob, black line, black band, then red band into central depression. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 596.
P1.37, Table 1 Thymiaterion C-64-102. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.066; D. 0.056. 7.5YR 8/4. Nearly complete lid mended from eight fragments. Pemberton 1970, p. 290, no. 64, pl. 71. Conical lid with convex profile and alternatingtriangularcutouts at mid-point rises to flaring, conical knob with conical depression in center of top; ridge atjunction with knob. Black band, black line, black two-bar hook maeander,black line, red band in cutout zone. Black line, band, line below ridge. Upper half of ridge black, continuing on side of knob. On top of knob, black line, red band, black band into central depression. See pp. 149-151 for discussionof the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 597.
Thymiaterion Fig. 26 C-64-103. Deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). H. 0.072; Est.D. 0.050. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing about one-third lid. Mended and restored in plaster. Pemberton 1970, p. 289, no. 65, pl. 71.
Conical lid with convex profile and alternating triangular cutouts at mid-point rises to flaring, conical knob with conical depression in center; ridge atjunction with knob. Black band, red line, black two-bar hook maeander, red line, red band in cutout zone. Red line, black band, red line above cutouts. Ridge and side of knob black, continuing on circumference of top of knob, then red band, black band into central depression. See pp. 149-151 for discussion of the VrysoulaWorkshop. Ca. 450-410. 598.
Thymiaterion KP-2564. Potters' Quarter, Circle Deposit. PH. 0.053. 7.5YR 7/4 to 7/6 (slip). Single fragment preserves part of base and stem. CorinthXV, iii, p. 206, no. 1104, pls. 47, 108.
Heavy base; bottom of cylindricalstem; and roundedprojected molding at theirjunction. Traces of unidentifiabledecoration
at top of base. Bottom edge of projecting ring red, then black, with added white broken single maeander, broken at intervals by checkerboard squares. Black laurel-and-berrywreath on lower stem, as far as preserved. The placement of checkerboardsquaresin a maeanderzone and the use of added white relate this to the VrysoulaWorkshop and indicate a date in the third or earlierfourth quarterof the 5th century (see below, pp. 149-151). 599.
P1.37 Thymiaterion C-34-1171a-c. Deposit 22 (well 1934-10). P.H. 0.053; Est.D. 0.070. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/4 (core). Fourjoining and two nonjoining fragments preserve part of lip and body of lid. Pease 1937, p. 286, no. 115. Conical lid with convex profile and alternatingtriangularcutouts at mid-point. Preserveddecoration consists of four bands of red paint. Deposit dated ca. 460-420, and lid is probablylater rather than earlierin that range, since the shape correspondsto those of 595-597 from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). 600.
Thymiaterion KP-2499a-e. Potters'Quarter,RectangularSouth Pit. Est.D. 0.080. 7.5YR 8/4. Five nonjoining fragmentspreservepart of lid. Corinth XV, iii, p. 202, no. 1080, pl. 46.
Conical lid with convex profile and two bands of alternating triangularcutouts. Red band at bottom edge, then black line, red band, blackline. Red band in lower cutout zone, black, red lines, black Type 2 lotus-palmette chain with double spiralsat the base of each palmette, red, black lines, black band in upper cutout zone, black line, black horizontal enclosed palmettes, black line, band. The palmette style is indicative of a date in the second half, probablylast quarter of the 5th century. 601.
Thymiaterion Fig. 26 KP- 1556. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. PH. 0.086; Est.D. (rim)0.075. 7.5YR 8/4 to 1OYR8/3..Single fragment preservesupper stem and nearly half of bowl to flange. All decoration is worn black glaze. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 185186, no. 988, pl. 44; mentioned with AgoraXXIX, p. 382, no. 1435 (P 19535). Stem carriestwo projectinghorizontal discs and taperstoward top; shallow bowl with high, inset flange. Band at bottom of preserved area of stem, band on upper part and above each disc, band at junction of stem and bowl, exterior of flange glazed, line on interior of flange below lip, line at junction of flange and floor on interior. Form later than the examples from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). Late 5th or 4th century. 602.
Thymiaterion Fig. 26, Table 1 KP-316. Potters' Quarter, Circular South Shrine. PH. 0.125; D. (base) 0.118. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Missing fragment from foot and nearly all of bowl. CorinthXV, iii, p. 204, no. 1096, pl. 47. Low, broad foot in two degrees; tapered stem with series of projecting horizontal discs and rounded moldings. Bottom exterior of foot black, upper part of lower section of foot and exterior edge of upper section decorated with myrtle leaves.
137
THYMIATERION
On top of foot, two black lines, black two-bar hook maeander, black closed double maeander,two black lines atjunction with stem. On stem, red, black bands, first disc black, top of second disc black, first rounded molding red, third disc black, top half of second bulge red, fourth disc, last two rounded moldings, and bottom of bowl black, as far as preserved.
Form later than the examples from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). Late 5th or 4th century.
MINIATURE THYMIATERION 603.
Miniature thymiaterion KV-1276. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine.H. 0.036; D. 0.038. 2.5Y 8/2. Missing half of bowl. CorinthXV, iii, p. 334, no. 2007, pl. 72.
Low,conical foot risesto short, inward-sloping,nearlycylindrical stem, curving up to deep, flaringbody, turning up to flaring rim; inset, inward-slopingflange. Two red lines, blackdots, two black lines on exterior of foot. Two red lines on stem. Black band on bowl below rim. Black dots on exterior of rim. Red, black lines on exterior of flange, black line on interior lip of flange. The low stem and deep bowl suggest an early date. Probablymiddle of the 5th century. 604.
Miniature thymiaterion KV-916. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine. H. 0.034; D. 0.025. 7.5YR 8/2 to 8/4. Missing about half of base. Corinth XV, iii, p. 334, no. 2006, pl. 72. Conical foot; cylindricalstem; low, flaring bowl with inset vertical flange. Two blacklines, red band, blackline on foot. Black
band, black line, red band, black band on stem.Junction with bowl and bottom half of bowl reserved,then blackband. Black dots at edge of rim. Top of rim to bottom of flange red. Top of lip of flange black. Low, broad bowl similar to those from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1), though this miniatureexample lacksthe Vrysoulan disc on the stem. Second half of the 5th century. 605.
Miniature thymiaterion
KV-1043. Potters' Quarter,TerracottaFactory,unspecified location. H. 0.028; D. 0.030. 10YR 8/2 to 8/3. Flange XV, iii, p. 334, no. 2008, pl. 72. chipped. Corinth Conical base curves up to flaring bowl; inward-slopingflange inset from rim. Red line at bottom of exterior of base, black band, red band at junction with body, exterior of rim red, top of rim to top interior of flange black. Not precisely datable.
V PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS FIGURED WORK, the focus of studies based on connoisseurship, is relatively uncommon on Conventionalizing pottery. Instead, entire vases are often covered with decoration that
would be considered subsidiary on the figured wares of earlier periods or of other centers of ceramic production. This type of decoration does not often lend itself to individualization of execution. Likewise, it is often impossible to distinguish the products of individual potters because Conventionalizing shapes tend to be simple and small. Consequently, the vast majority of Conventionalizing vases cannot be attributed to individual hands, workshops, or even groups. This chapter deals with exceptions, with work that distinguishes itself from the mass of Corinthian Conventionalizing pottery.
Some Conventionalizinggroups can be discerned. As Lawrencepoints out, "The word group is used in all the literatureon vase painting in two ways, [both] ... for sorting related substylistic work and ... for stylistic associations of recognizable hands."l The latter definition is employed in the discussion of the Sam Wide Group, but the former definition is that generally applied below. Some of the clusters of stylistically similar work that have previously been described as
"workshops"are defined here as "groups."Several potters who formed vases in differentways
may have worked in a single shop. The vases they produced may then have been decorated by painters whose work was similar in style. Stylistically similar painted work on disparately shaped vases (and vice versa) may therefore be from the same shop, but in the following discussion, the term "workshop" is reserved for vases that show affinities in both form and decoration. The designation is not used unless associations that include potters as well as painters can be
demonstrated. Archaeologicalinvestigationsat Corinth have produced evidence that there were at least two distinct areas in which ceramics were produced during the period of Conventionalizingpottery.2 Excavations in the Potters' Quarter, located in the northwest sector of Corinth, have shown that this was a ceramic industrial center from the mid 8th through the late 4th century. The second
area is Vrysoula, represented by the material found in deposit 23, which contains the dumped debris of a ceramic production center.3The shops are not likely to have been far from the dump. That much of the Conventionalizing pottery found at Corinth is unlike that found in either the Potters' Quarter or the Vrysoula Deposit indicates that the Corinthian ceramic industry probably
had yet another center or centers. As Pembertonpointed out, "It is entirely possible that much of the western city was given over to the pottery industry."4 Yet no kilns have been located, even in the Potters' Quarter itself. None of the excavated structuresthere can be identified with certainty as pottery workshops.Nor do written records of 1 Lawrence 1986a, p. 89, note 8. See also Lawrence 1996,
pp. 104-108; 1998, p. 304. 2 A third area is known through the material from the but shaft was full and no longer being used the Well, Anaploga as a potters' dump when Conventionalizingpottery emerged. See CorinthVII, ii, pp. 63-70. The Tile Works is a fourth center of ceramic production. Charles K. Williams II (pers. comm.) suggests that some potters may have been working there during the period in which Conventionalizing pottery
was manufactured but that these potters in the Tile Works were not necessarilyproducing finewares.See alsoJones 1986, pp. 175-189. 3 Pemberton 1970, p. 269; Corinth VII, ii, pp. 82-83. 4 Pemberton 1970, p. 269. The Anaploga Well, which contained pre-Conventionalizingpottery,is also located in the westernpart of the city.See also Arafatand Morgan 1989, esp. pp. 323-328, for further discussion of the organization of the ceramic industryat Corinth; Benson 1985b.
140
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS,
AND GROUPS
or about the Corinthian Conventionalizing ceramic industry exist. The identification of workshops must therefore be based upon studies of the techniques and styles of the pots themselves. Attributions to individual vase painters, when they can be made, are easiest to demonstrate.5 Among the rare examples of Conventionalizing figured work, hands can sometimes be distinguished. The individualized execution of some of the more complex motifs and their relationships to other motifs on the same pots may sometimes reveal such information too. A particular painter, however, may have worked with a variety of motifs and varied his execution of those motifs, and when a painter varies his work considerably, his work becomes identifiable only with great difficulty. The following sections are discussions of Corinthian Conventionalizing painters, workshops, and groups. Attributions that have already been made in other publications are evaluated, according to the criteria outlined above, and some new attributions are suggested. Those attributions that have not been verified by the author are placed at the end of each section. Within each of these categories, the presentation is in chronological order. PAINTERS VOTIVE SHIELD PAINTER
Two plates found in the Potters' Quarter at Corinth are nearly identical in shape, size, and decoration. They were probably formed and painted by the same hand(s). Stillwell and Benson named the painter of these plates on the basis of the similarity of their decoration to that on a small votive shield that was also found in the Potters' Quarter.6 On the basis of shape, the plates probably date to the first quarter of the 5th century. 606.
Plate
Fig. 15
KP-1042. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. (rim)0.012; H. (handle)0.016; D. 0.102. 7.5YR 7/4. Missing one handle and fragmentsfrom rim. Restored in plaster. Corinth XV, iii, p. 195, no. 1033, pl. 45; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 162, no. 5; Feytmans 1953, p. 42, note 16. Slightly concave underside beveled to low, slightly flaring body, which curves out to nearly horizontal rim with straight, upward-sloping,outeredge; two reflexhandles, each with three applied discs imitating rivet heads. Underside reserved. Tops of handles and edge of rim decorated with black dots. On rim, alternatingred and black tongues outlined in black. Black band, line, band, line, red band, black line, black whorl on floor. First quarterof the 5th century.
607.
Plate
Fig. 15
KP-2562. Potters' Quarter, Circle Deposit. H. (rim)0.015; H. (handle)0.020; Est.D. 0.110. 7.5YR 7/4. Three joining fragments preserve part of rim and floor and one reflex handle. Corinth XV, iii, p. 205, no. 1103, pl. 47; Callipolitis1962, Feytmans p. 161, no. 34 (as Benson notes, this appears to be in error). Flat floor beveled to low, flaring wall curving out to flaring, nearly horizontal rim; horizontal reflex handle with three applied discs imitating rivet heads attached below and at rim. Underside reserved.Exterior to upper edge of rim and handle decorated with black dots, single black dot on each applied disc on handle. On rim, black line, alternating red and black tongues separated by black lines, black line, red band, black line atjunction with floor. On floor,black band, line, red band, black line, traces of black whorl. First quarterof the 5th century.
PAINTER OF KP-2360
The Painter of KP-2360 is named for 608 and is presented as an alternative to the designation "Molded Ring Workshop" used in CorinthXV, iii.7 The Type 1 palmettes decorating 608 and 609 are drawn with horizontal strokes and are connected to each other by long, thin lines. The fluid stepped triangles evoke dollops of whipped cream. Both kotylai have whorls at the centers of their undersides. The styles of these vases are so close that we are probably seeing the individual hand of a painter, rather than a mere workshop connection. 5 See comments of Lawrence 1986a, p. 96. CorinthXV, iii, p. 195. For the votive shield, see Corinth XV, ii, pp. 228-229, no. 8 (KN-3), pl. 50:XXXVI:8. 6
7 See CorinthXV, iii, pp. 12, 185, no. 987 (654); p. 102, nos. 1083 (653), 1084 (652); p. 217, nos. 1163-1164 (608, 609). Also see p. 17 above.
PAINTERS
141
According to Stillwell and Benson, the clays and styles of the "Mastos Workshop" and the "Molded Ring Workshop" are so similar that the vessels they attribute to them should be
contemporary.They date them to the third quarter of the 5th century because that is the date they assignedto the "CircularSouth Shrine,"where 652 and 653, two of the "MastosWorkshop" examples, were found.8 Yet 608 and 609 are ray based, and this should indicate a date before rather than after the middle of the 5th century.The latest securely dated ray-based kotylai with black-glazed bodies belong in the second quarter of the 5th century.9 Since ray-based kotylai are otherwise unknown in the third quarter of the 5th century, 608 and 609 should not be this late. Furthermore,608 is deep and narrow,and the wall has a slightly convex continuous curve. This profile is typical of the first quarter of the 5th century. Nor does it seem possible that these kotylai could be contemporary with those of the "Mastos Workshop." Though 652 and 653 are superficially similar in decoration, they have very different profiles and, as discussed below, probably date to the second quarter of the 5th century. 608.
Kotyle Fig. 8 KP-2360. Potters'Quarter,trench H deposit of miniatures. P.H. 0.053; D. (base)0.044. 7.5YR 7/6 to 7/4. Most of base and part of body preserved. Corinth XV, iii, p. 217, no. 1163, pl. 49.
609.
Double-ring foot; slightly convex body. Black whorl at center of underside. Red ring around whorl continuing on interior of inner ring foot, black two-bar hook maeander on resting surface of inner foot, exterior of inner foot and interior of outer foot red. Black dots on resting surface of outer foot. Black line at bottom exterior edge of outer foot, remainder of outer foot red. Junction with body reserved. Black line at bottom of body servesas base for thin closely spaced blackrays, which terminate above in red line. Black line, red line, black alternating reversed lotus-palmette chain with central lotus leaves red, then black line, red line, black stepped triangles. Any interior glaze completely worn off. First quarter of the 5th century.
Double-ring foot; convex body. Black whorl at center of underside. Interior of inner ring foot red. Black three-bar hook maeander on resting surface of inner ring foot. Exterior of inner ring foot and interior of outer foot red. Black elongated dots on resting surface, then black line. Exterior of foot red. Junction with body reserved. On body, short black rays bordered below and above by black lines, black alternatinglotuspalmette chain with central lotus leaves red. Black line, red line, black alternating stepped triangles. Interior glaze, if any, now worn off. First quarterof the 5th century.
Kotyle KP-2361a-b. Potters' Quarter, trench H deposit of miniatures. (a) PH. 0.016; (b) PH. 0.026; D. (base)0.046. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. (a) base with foot and part of lowerwall. (b) small XV, iii, p. 217, no. 1164, pl. 49. fragment of the rim. Corinth
ROUND RUMP PAINTER
Three convex pyxides painted by this hand have been found at Corinth, and there are at least two more examples of the painter's work at Isthmia.10613, an oinochoe, appears to be by the same hand. 610 and 612 both depict sphinxes. The face of each sphinx is drawn with two lines, the first a slightly concave line flaring out from the eyebrow,then turning inward to denote the bottom of the nose, and the second an S-curve denoting mouth, chin, and neck. The caps are elongated blobs of purple paint. The wings are decorated with parallel arcs of dots. The rumps of the creatures depicted on 611 and 612 are drawn as solid black circles, from which sharply bent legs descend. Regarding the pyxis form shared by all three examples at Corinth, the slope of the shoulder and angularity of the junction between the body and the shoulder suggest a date in the late 5th or early 4th century. This date is supported by the use of the wave pattern on 612. 610.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
P1.38
C-33-1482. Agora Southwest, found with Byzantine material. M.P.D. 0.052; Est.D. (mouth) 0.085. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/6 (core and part of surface). Single fragment pre-
8
Corinth XV, iii, p. 217, no. 1163. See pp. 14-15 above for a discussion of the Circular South Shrine and an analysis of its validity for dating purposes. See pp. 151-152 below for the "MastosWorkshop."
serves part of rim and shoulder. Glaze is fired black to red, purplish red paint. Nearly horizontal shoulder with outward-thickened lebes rim created by folding back rim to form flat collar around mouth.
9 Williams 1979, p. 114; Corinth XVIII, i, pp. 85-86. 10 I am grateful to Julie Bentz and Virginia AndersonStojanovic for drawing my attention to IP-2268 (Sanctuary of Poseidon)and IP-8811 (Rachi), respectively.
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
142
Figureddecoration in outline on shoulder:head and long neck of sphinx, facing right. Curls frame forehead and hang down back of head. Painted cap (polos?) worn. Part of wing, with parallel rows of dots behind head. Face of figure has profile eye and short nose. Floral decoration to right of figure. Dilute band aroundouter circumferenceof rim. Paintedband around inner circumferenceof rim. Some glaze (firedred) smeared on interior of rim. Late 5th or early 4th century. 611.
P1.38
Convex pyxis
C-40-473. New Museum East, surface stratum. M.P.D. 0.053. 7.5YR 7/4 (fabric);7.5YR 7/6 (slip).Single fragment from shoulder,broken all around. Convex upper body; nearly horizontal shoulder.Traces of red decorationon upperbody.Red, black,red lines atjunction with shoulder. On shoulder, black back-to-back animal (sphinx?) rumps, legs and tails in brownish black glaze. Rumps consist of large solid black circles. Sharply bent legs, each createdwith single line. Tails are dilute curly lines. Late 5th or early 4th century. Convex pyxis with lebes rim Fig. 3, P1. 38, Table 1 C-72-16. ForumSouthwest, pottery lot 72-2. M.PD. 0.110. 10YR 8/3. Two fragments mended to preserve part of shoulder and rim.
612.
Nearly horizontal shoulder; wide, thickened, flat-topped rim. On shoulder,two standing sphinxesface each other (preserved:
MERLIN PAINTER:See pages 149-151 UNVERIFIED
head and upper chest of left figure, figureon rightmissinglower left frontfoot). Sphinx on rightholds palmette on upraisedright paw. Part of Type 2 enclosed palmette behind tail, human face of third sphinx above, facing left. Below, purple, black, purple bands (purple bands narrowerthan black dilute band). Wave pattern above. Added purple spot on wave above head of (central?)sphinx. Exteriorof rim black. Two red lines on top of rim. Interior of rim black. Late 5th or early 4th century. P1.38 Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe 30 C-37-2980. Foundjust west of deposit (pit 1937-1). P.H. 0.034; M.PD. 0.064. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7.5YR 7/6. Twojoining fragmentspreservepart of upper body and shoulder. Nearly cylindricalupper body; low, slopingshoulder;neckring. Ivy vine on body. At junction with shoulder,red line, very thin dilute line, narrow black band, red line. In black on shoulder, parts of three figures are preserved. Left figure is attested by barbed horizontal line, which is likely to be foreleg of creature facing central figure. Central figure, facing left, is a griffinand is nearly complete but for front of head. Fourthin sharplybent limbs descend from a figure with wings, a thin curved torso, and a round rump with a curling tail. On right are the tail, hind legs, round rump, and wing tips of third beast. These three figuresmay be the remains of pairs of heraldic griffins. Black ivy and berries on body are reminiscent of those that had decorated white lekythoi. Late 5th or early 4th century. 613.
below, Vrysoula Workshop.
PAINTERS
BKPainter: Corinth Painterof KP-2427: SpiralDot Painter: PainterofKP-2348: Painterof theBonnPyxis:
See pages 142-145 below, BK Workshop. See page 154 below, Group of KP-2427. See pages 158-160 below, Spiral Dot Group. See pages 151-152 below, Mastos Workshop. See page 160 below, Group of the Bonn Pyxis. WORKSHOPS
BK WORKSHOP
Eight large lotus kotylai from deposit 1 (well 1947-4) are attributed by Benson to a single painter, the Corinth BK Painter. 11 These kotylai are nearly identical, but it may perhaps be more prudent to regard them as the products of a workshop rather than a single hand. The vases are all very close in shape, size, and technique of throwing, but some difference of detail can be seen in decoration. Bentz has noted that added purple paint, applied over black glaze, is used on the lotus-flower-and-bud friezes decorating the bodies of some of these vessels, while the paint used in the same positions on the other kotylai is applied directly to the clay surface. 12 There is even more variation in the decoration of the undersides of the kotylai. 615 has four rings painted on the center of the underside, while 620 has only three, and 621 has three rings and a dot in this position.13 That all the kotylai were painted by a single hand cannot be ruled out, but in view of these dissimilarities, it cannot be proven. 11 Benson 1983, pp. 323-324. Fill 1933-2 from South Stoa
Shop XXXII includes uninventoried fragments that may be added to this list. 12 Bentz 1982, p. 309.
13
Due to the fragmentary condition of most of the vases, relationships on the basis of underside decoration cannot be inferred.
WORKSHOPS
143
Bentz has demonstrated that these kotylai should be dated to the third quarter of the 6th century.14In the same deposit, the productsof four EC kotyle painters have been found.15Bentz suggests that the EC kotyle painters worked together with the producers of several other kotylai (whichare from the same kiln lot) in a shop she names the SoutheastWorkshop.16Also, MC pieces by a particular painter, the C-47 Painter, who seems to have specialized in kotylai, have been found in this well (fromwhich the painter is named).17There is certainlyno evidence that pulls all the material from deposit 1 (well 1947-4) together into a single multigenerationalworkshop,but the deposit may be indicative of ceramic-basedeconomic activity in the region.18 P1.38 Kotyle C-47-487. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.153; D. (rim)0.200. 10YR 8/3 to 2.5Y 8/2. Many small fragments missing. Restored in plaster. Complete profile, except bottom of center missing.Bentz 1982, p. 309 (withno. D3-43); Benson 1983, p. 324. Flaring ring foot with concave outer profile, trimmed at junction with body; deep body with straight wall flares out to inturned rim; horizontal loop handles. Black band, line on floor inside foot. Interior of foot purple. Resting surface reserved with one purple and one black line. Exterior of foot black. Junction with body reserved. On body, purple line, black rays, black,purple, blackbands, alternatinglinkedpurple lotus buds (painteddirectlyon clay surface)and blacklotusflowers(drawn as budswith short diagonal lines at either side),with shortblack horizontal bar below each floral element, then black, purple bands. Dotted net with alternating purple and black dots in handle zone. On either side of handle, a panel containing eight-pointed star with four purple dots. Panels bordered by three black vertical lines on either side. Purple line at exterior of lip. Handles black. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder of interior black, with added purple line just below lip. Third quarter of the 6th century. 614.
P1.39, Table 1 Kotyle C-47-488. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.150; D. (rim)0.200. 2.5Y 8/2 to 10YR 8/4. Mended from many fragments. Several small fragments missing. Broneer 1947, pls. 55:4, 68:b; Bentz 1982, pp. 29, 308-309, no. D3-43; Benson 1983, p. 324. Flaring ring foot with concave outer profile, trimmed at junction with body; deep body with straightwall flares out to inturned rim; horizontalloop handles. Fourblack rings at center of underside, then black line about halfway to foot, and black band on underside just inside of foot. Interior of foot purple. Resting surface reservedwith purple, black lines. Exterior of foot black.Junction with body reserved. On body, purple line, black rays, black, purple, black bands, alternatinglinked added purple (painted over black glaze) lotus buds and flowers (drawn as buds with short diagonal lines at either side), with short black horizontal bar below each floral element. Black and purple bands. In handle zone, dotted net with alternating 615.
14 Bentz 1982, pp. 29-30. Benson (1983, pp. 323-324) includes his discussion of these vases in a section of his article otherwise devoted to LC I material. This may be a typesetting error,for on the following page he states that the vases "maybe from around 550 or slightly later,"suggesting a preferencefor a LC II date. 15 CorVP,pp. 134-135. Forthe characterof this deposit, see p. 7 above.
blackandpurple dots. Panelson eitherside of handlesbordered by three vertical lines and containing eight-pointed stars with four purple dots. Purple line at exterior of lip. Handles black. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder of interior black, with added purple line just below lip and two added purple bands above mid-wall. Third quarterof the 6th century. 616.
P1.38 Kotyle C-47-489. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.148; D. (rim)0.200. 10YR 8/4 to 7.5YR 6/4. Mended from many fragments. Complete profile,except center of floor missing.Bentz 1982, p. 309; Benson 1983, p. 324. Flaring ring foot with concave outer profile, trimmed at junction with body; deep body with straight wall flares out to inturned rim; horizontal loop handles. Black band, line inside foot. Interior of foot purple. Resting surface reserved, with one purple and one black line. Exterior of foot black.Junction with body reserved. On body, purple line, black rays, black, purple, black bands, alternatinglinked added purple (painted over black glaze) lotus buds and flowers (drawn as buds with short diagonal lines at either side), with short black horizontal bar below each floral element. Black and purple bands above. In handle zone, dotted net with alternating black and purple dots. Panels on either side of handles borderedby threevertical lines and containing eight-pointed starswith four purple dots. Purple line at exterior of lip. Handles black. Interior of lip reservedand remainderglazed. The interior is very worn, but there are traces of a purple band below the lip. Third quarterof the 6th century. 617.
Kotyle Fig. 27, P1.38 C-47-490. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.145; D. (rim)0.190. 7.5YR 7/6 to 10YR 8/4. Mended from many fragments. One handle, half of wall, and center of underside missing. Bentz 1982, p. 309; Benson 1983, p. 324. Flaring ring foot with concave outer profile, trimmed at junction with body; deep body with straight wall flares out to inturned rim; horizontal loop handles. On underside, thin ring near center,blackband near foot. Interior of foot purple. Resting surface reserved, with purple, black lines. Exterior of foot black.Junctionwith body reserved.On body,purple line, black rays,black,purple, blackbands, alternatinglinkedpurple lotus 16
Bentz 1982, pp. 285-287.
7 CorVP,p. 189. 18 See also Broneer 1947, pp. 237-238; Bentz 1982, pp. 5-
7. Bentz disputesBroneer'ssuggestion that some of the kotylai were destroyed in a shop fire, but this does not preclude the possibility that the fill dumped into the well contained the refuse of nearby shops.
144
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
619
617
FIG.27. Kotylai of the Corinth BK Workshop buds (painted directly on clay surface) and black lotus flowers (drawn as buds with short diagonal lines at either side), with short black horizontal bar below each floral element, then black, purple bands. Dotted net with alternating purple and black dots in handle zone. On either side of handle, panel containing eight-pointed star with four purple dots. Panels bordered by three black vertical lines on either side. Purple line at exterior of lip. Handles black. Interior of lip reserved.Remainderof interiorblack, with addedpurplelinejust below lip. Third quarterof the 6th century. P1.38 Kotyle C-47-491. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.142; D. (rim)0.185. 10YR 8/3. Mended from many fragments. One-third of wall preserved.Foot, base, and handles missing.Bentz 1982, p. 309; Benson 1983, p. 324. Flaring ring foot with concave outer profile, trimmed at junction with body; deep body with straight wall flares out to inturned rim; horizontal loop handles. Exterior of foot black. Junction with body reserved. On body, purple line, black rays, black, purple, black bands, alternating linked added purple (painted over black glaze) lotus buds and flowers (drawn as buds with short diagonal lines at either side), with short black horizontal bar below each floral element. Black and purple bands above. In handle zone, dotted net with alternatingblack and purple dots. Panels on either side of handles bordered by three verticallines and containing eight-pointed starswith four purple dots. Purple line at exterior of lip. Handles black. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder of interior black, with added purple line just below lip and two added purple bands above mid-wall. Third quarter of the 6th century. 618.
Fig. 27, P1.39 Kotyle C-47-492. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.145; D. (rim)0.200. 2.5Y 8/2. Mended from many fragments. One-fourth of wall and most of floor missing. Bentz 1982, p. 309, pl. 8; Benson 1983, p. 324.
619.
Flaring ring foot with concave outer profile, trimmed at junction with body; deep body with straight wall flares out to inturned rim; horizontal loop handles. Black band, line inside foot. Interiorof foot purple. Resting surfacereserved,with one purple and one blackline. Exteriorof foot black.Junction with body reserved. On body, purple line, black rays, black, purple, black bands, alternatinglinked purple lotus buds (painted directlyon clay surface)and black lotus flowers(drawnas buds with short diagonal lines at either side), with short black horizontal bar below each floral element, then black,purple bands. Dotted net with alternating purple and black dots in handle zone. On either side of handle, panel containing eight-pointed star with four purple dots. Panels bordered by three black vertical lines on either side. Purple line at exterior of lip. Handles black. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder of interior black, with added purple line just below lip. Third quarterof the 6th century. P1.39 Kotyle C-47-573. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.150; D. (rim)0.230. 1OYR8/4. Many fragmentsmissing, including ends of both handles. Complete profile preserved. Bentz 1982, p. 309; Benson 1983, p. 324.
620.
Flaring ring foot with concave outer profile, trimmed at junction with body; deep body with straight wall flares out to inturned rim; horizontal loop handles. Three concentric black rings at center of underside. Black line about halfway toward foot. Black band on floor just inside foot. Interior of foot purple. Purple, black lines on resting surface. Exterior of foot black (very worn). Junction with body reserved. On body, purple line, black rays, black, purple, black bands, alternating linked purple lotus buds (painted directly on clay surface) and black lotus flowers (drawn as buds with short diagonal lines at either side), with short black horizontal bar below each floral element, then black, purple bands. Dotted net with alternating purple and black dots in handle zone. On either side of handle, panel containing eightpointed star with four purple dots. Panels bordered by three black vertical lines on either side. Purple line at exterior
WORKSHOPS of lip. Handles black. Interior of lip reserved. Remainder of interiorblack,with added purple line just below lip. Veryworn. Third quarterof the 6th century. P1.39 Kotyle C-47-574. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). H. 0.145; D. (rim)0.196. 1OYR8/4 to 5YR 7/6. Manylarge fragmentsmissing.Bentz 1982, p. 309; Benson 1983, p. 324.
621.
Flaring ring foot with concave outer profile, trimmed at junction with body; deep body with straight wall flares out to inturned rim; horizontal loop handles. Three circles and dot on underside, glaze fired red. Black band and line inside foot. Interior of foot purple. Resting surfacereserved,with one purple
145
and one black line. Exterior of foot black.Junction with body reserved.On body,purple line, black rays,black, purple, black bands, alternatinglinkedpurple lotus buds (painted directlyon clay surface)and black lotus flowers (drawnas buds with short diagonal lines at either side), with short black horizontal bar below each floral element, then black, purple bands. Dotted net with alternatingpurple and black dots in handle zone. On either side of handle, panel containing eight-pointed star with four purple dots. Panels bordered by three black vertical lines on either side. Purple line at exterior of lip. Handles black. Interior of lip reserved.Remainder of interior black, with added purple line just below lip. Third quarterof the 6th century.
MOLDEDRING WORKSHOP:See pages 140-141 above, Painter of KP-2360. STELESHRINEA WORKSHOP
Not all the vases associated with Stele Shrine A are from a single workshop,but many probably are. Particularly interesting are the small kotylai with double-ring feet that were found in
abundance in the deposit. These were produced by at least three potters, who appear to have been workingwith the same group of painters. The double-ring feet of 622 and 623 are trimmed in the same manner. The resting surface of the inner ring foot is strongly convex, and there is a raised central boss at the center of the underside. The inner feet of 624 and 625 are similarly cut, but the undersides of these kotylai lack bosses. The first two appear to have been thrown and trimmed by the same craftsman, and the
second two may be his products too. KV-721, an unpublishedsmall black-glazedkotyle from the deposit, has the same type of foot as 622 and 623, but the lower body is straighterand narrower, following the form of full-sized black-glazed kotylai rather than that of their Conventionalizing counterparts. Another potter produced 626-629. All show a slight cutting back of the undersidejust inside the inner ring foot. At the junction of the exterior wall and the outer foot there is a scraped groove. They may have been decorated by the same painter as well. All are decorated in the same way at
the center of the underside,with a dilute glazed ring and dot, and the exteriorsof some are linked decoratively too. These are probably early in the Stele Shrine A series, since one of the kotylai still
has linked buds in the handle zone, and the zigzag of another is not compacted. 630 and 631
are linked decoratively with these kotylai but seem to have been formed by different potters. A third potter is in evidence as well. 632-636 have flat, wide, inner ring feet. The resting
surfaces of the outer ring feet are flat as well. The inner ring foot of 637 is also flat but is not as wide. 642 is very close in details of shape and in decoration, but the foot is wider in relation to the
body than those of the others. Also related is 639. Like 642, its inner ring foot is comparatively wide, and the outer foot flares out considerablyfrom the body. The products of these potters are linked by decoration, particularly the treatments of the undersides of the kotylai. Two rows of dots separated by a line are painted on the resting surface
of the inner ring foot of 623, a decorativescheme shared by 635 and 642. Unseparated alternate dots decorate the resting surfaces of the inner rings of the bases of 622, 629, and 632. The resting
surfaces of the inner ring feet of 625, 627, 630, 637, and 641 are decorated with single rows of dots. That of 643 is similar,but the dots are more barlike. The exteriors of the kotylai with double-ring feet are also decorated in ways similar to each
other. While the usual body decoration of Conventionalizingkotylai at this time is a pattern of
bands separated by single lines, many of the kotylai from Stele Shrine A have two or even three
lines between bands. Rows of dots, generallyuncommon in the 5th century,also appear on several of these vases.
146
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
The profiles vary but place the workshop in the first half and probably around the middle of the first half of the 5th century. They may be roughly contemporary, with some potters continuing to produce the broad convex kotyle associated with the first quarter of the 5th century, while others are giving their kotylai the straight flaring walls that become common in the second quarter of the 5th century. All of the kotylai may have been deposited during a single offering ritual. See also page 16. 622.
Kotyle KV-389. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.023; D. 0.034; 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. CorinthXV, iii, p. 310, no. 1691, pl. 67.
Boss at center of underside; rounded inner ring foot; flaring outer ring foot; flaring body; slightly incurving rim; horizontal loop handles. Center of underside black. Inner ring foot decorated with two rows of black dots. Interior of outer foot and resting surface decorated with alternatinglarge and small black dots. Exterior of outer foot and lower body black, then black line, red band, black line. Black alternating stepped triangles in handle zone. Black line on exterior of rim. Handle tips and interior black. Profileis between those of 146 and 157, indicating a date in the first half of the 5th century to ca. 460. Fig. 28, P1.39, Table 1 Kotyle KP-1748. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.046; D. 0.068. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, p. 187, no. 995. Boss at center of underside; rounded inner ring foot; flaring outer with four purple dots. Purple line at exterior of lip. Handles; black ring foot; flaring body; slightly incurving rim; horizontal loop handles. Black ring on central boss. Rows of black dots on inner and outer sides of inner ring foot, blackline on center of inner ring foot. Interior of outer foot red. Resting surfaceblack. Bottom half of exterior of foot reserved.Top half of foot and lower body black. Blackline, added red band, black line, band, line. Black alternating stepped triangles in handle zone. Red line just below lip. Handle tips black. Top of lip red. Interior of lip reserved.Remainder black, with added red line at top. Profile as 153, dated ca. 480-460. 623.
Fig. 28, P1.39 Kotyle KV-730. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.043; D. 0.059. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact.
624.
Rounded inner ring foot; flaring outer ring foot; flaring body; nearlyverticalrim; horizontalloop handles. Blackdot at center of underside, black ring near inner ring foot. Interior of inner ring foot red to interior flat surface of inner ring foot. Black band on the bottom and outside of inner ring foot. Four short black zigzags on interiorof outer foot. Bottom exterior edge of outer foot black, then reserved above. On body, black band, line, band, line, addded red band, black line. Black zigzag in handle zone. Exteriorof lip red. Handle tips and interiorblack. Profile similar to 153 (ca. 480-460) and 156 (ca. 480-450). Fig. 28, P1.40 Kotyle KV-742. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.034; D. 0.047. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Intact.
625.
Rounded inner ring foot; flaring outer ring foot; flaring body; nearly vertical rim; horizontal loop handles. Black ring and
dot at center of underside. Large black dots on inner ring foot. Interiorof outer foot reddishpurple. Blackline on resting surface. Exterior of outer foot black to lower body. Black line, red band, two black lines. Elongated black blob dots in handle zone. Red line at exterior of lip to interior of lip. Handle tips and interior black. Profile suggests a date in the first quarterof the 5th century or slightlylater. Fig. 28, Table 1 Kotyle KP-1038. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.044; D. 0.064. 10YR 8/3. Mended from two fragments. Missing fragment of rim; restored. CorinthXV, iii, p. 188, no. 998, pl. 44.
626.
Wide innerringfoot offsetby groove.Broadouter ringfoot with flat resting surface;wide body; horizontal loop handles. Black ring and dot at center of underside. Black ring near inner ring foot. Interiorof inner ring foot red. Black zigzag between black lines on flat surfaceof inner ring foot. Exteriorof inner ring foot reserved. Added red on interior side of outer foot. Two black lines on resting surface. Added red on exterior side of outer foot.Junction with body reserved.Two black lines, band, line, added red band, black line, black band, narrow added red band. Black linked lotus buds in handle zone. Added red on exterior of lip. Handle tips black, with possible traces of added red. Narrow reservedline at interior of lip. Interior black. Profilesimilar to 152 and 153, suggesting a date in the first to second quarterof the 5th century to ca. 460. 627.
Kotyle KP-1040. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.044; D. 0.064. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 7/4. Handles missing;restored. Corinth XV, iii, p. 187, no. 996, pl. 44. Broad double ring foot; wide body. Black ring and dot at center. Black ring near inner ring foot. Interior of inner ring foot red. Bottom surface of inner ring foot decorated with black line, dots, line. Interior of outer foot red. Black line on restingsurface.Exteriorof outer foot black.Junction with body reserved. Black line, band, line, black outlined tongues, black line, black band, narrow red band. Black alternating stepped triangles separated by zigzag in handle zone. Exterior of lip red. Interior black, with added red line at lip. Profile similar to 152, suggesting a date in the first quarter or early second quarter of the 5th century. P1.40 Kotyle KP-2300. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.044; D. 0.062. 7.5YR 8/4. One handle missing; restored. Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, p. 187, no. 996. Flat inner ring foot. Broad outer ring foot with flat resting surface;wide body; horizontalloop handles. Blackring and dot at centerof underside.Blackring inside inner ring foot. Interior of innerringfoot red. Blackzigzag between two lines on surface 628.
WORKSHOPS
623
624
631
635
147
626
625
637
636
643
FIG.28. Kotylai of the Stele Shrine A Workshop of inner ring foot. Exterior of inner ring foot and interior of outer foot red. Black line on resting surface. Exterior of outer foot red. On body, black line, band, line, red band, black line, band, line. Black alternating stepped triangles separated by zigzag in handle zone. Exterior of lip red. Handle tip black. Interior of lip reserved, red line below adjoining black on remainder. Profile between 152 (ca. 500-470) and 153 (ca. 480-460). 629.
Kotyle KV-741. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.039; D. 0.052. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from four fragments. Corinth XV, iii, p. 310 (inner ring foot not mentioned), no. 1693, pi. 67. Flat inner ring foot. Broad outer ring foot with flat resting surface; wide body; horizontal loop handles. Black ring and dot at center of underside, black ring near inner ring foot. Interior of inner ring foot red, irregularblack dots (one to two rows)on bottom surfaceof inner ring foot, exteriorof inner ring foot black, interior of outer foot red, resting surface reserved. Exteriorof outer foot red. On body, two black lines, red band, black line, black band, red line, black band, red line. Black zigzag in handle zone. Exterior and top of lip red. Handle tips black. Interior of rim reserved, then red line, remainderblack. Profile between 152 (ca. 500-470) and 153 (ca. 480-460). 630.
Kotyle KV-746. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.037; D. 0.052. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Corinth XV, iii, p. 310 (inner ring foot not noted), no. 1694, pl. 67. Double-ring foot; nearlystraight,flaringbody; horizontalloop handles. Two black rings and dot at center of underside.Short black rays project outward from outer painted ring. Interior inner ring foot black. Large black dots on surface of inner ring foot. Exterior of inner ring foot to interior of outer foot red. Black line on resting surface. Exterior of outer foot red, adjoining black band at bottom body. On body, two black double-dottedbands with a red band between them. In handle zone, elongated black dots bordered below and above by black
lines, short black vertical lines between dots. Handle tips black and interiorblack. Profile similar to that of 146, dated first quarter of the 5th century. 631.
Kotyle Fig. 28, P1.40 KV-718. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.046; D. 0.060. 10YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. Onethird rim and one handle missing (restored).Glaze is fired black to red, red paint. Mentioned with CorinthXV, iii, p. 205, no. 1098.
Concave, flaring disc base trimmed back at resting surface to form double ring foot. Flaring body, horizontal loop handles. Glazed ring and dot at center of undersurface. Interior and surfaceof inner ring foot glazed. Interiorof outer foot painted, reservedline at resting surface. Exterior of outer foot painted. On body, glazed, painted, glazed bands, then glazed line. Glazed thin wavy trianglesseparatedby zigzag in handle zone. Exterior of lip painted. Handle tip and interior glazed. Profilesimilar to that of 156 (ca. 480450). 632.
P1.40 Kotyle KP-1043. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.046; D. (rim) 0.067. 7.5YR 8/4. Handles missing; restored. Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, p. 186, no. 991.
Broad,flat, inner ring foot, flaringouter ring foot; flaringbody; horizontalloop handles. Black dot at center of underside,then black, black, red, black, red rings. Two rows of black alternating unseparated dots, then red, black lines on surface of inner ring foot. Interior of outer foot red. Black line on resting surface.Exteriorbottom edge of foot reserved,with blackdots. Remaining exterior of outer foot red. Junction with body reserved. On body, two black lines, a red line, black band, black, red, black lines, red band, black, red lines, black band, black, red lines. Blackverticalwavy lines in handle zone. Row of black dots above. Exterior and top of lip red. Interiorof lip reserved. Remainder black, with two widely spaced applied red lines on upper wall and applied red circumferenceband on floor. Profile similar to that of 156 (ca. 480-450).
148
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
P1.40 Kotyle KP-1544. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.051; D. 0.070. 7.5YR 7/4 to 8/4. Handles missing; restored. Base XV, iii, p. 187, no. 995. chipped. Mentioned with Corinth Broad,flat, inner ring foot, flaringouter ring foot; slightlyconvex flaringbody; horizontalloop handles. Three widely spaced blackringsand dot at center of underside.Interiorof inner ring foot black. Added red on the resting surface of the inner foot, then blackgammas, blackline. Interior of outer foot red. Black line on resting surface,and added red on exterior side of outer foot. On body, two black lines, black band, red line, black line, red band, black line, red line, black band, black line, red line. Black alternatingstepped triangles in handle zone. Exteriorof rim red. Interior black. Profile similar to that of 156 (ca. 480-450). 633.
634.
Kotyle KP-1812. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.045; D. 0.067. 7.5YR 7/4 to 7/6. Decoration is worn. Several popping white inclusions. Mended from several fragments. Corinth XV, iii, p. 187, no. 993, pl. 44. Broad, flat, inner ring foot; broad outer ring foot; wide body; horizontal loop handles. Two black rings and dot at center of underside, wide reserved band, black ring and row of dots. Interior of inner ring foot red. Surface of inner ring foot decorated with hooks and dots. Interior of outer foot applied red. Resting surface divided by black line, with black dots at outer edge of outer foot. Exterior of outer foot applied red. Black line at junction with body. Red, black lines, black band outlined in red, then red, black, black lines, red band, black, red lines, black band, black, red lines. Red, black, red rows of dots, black zigzag in handle zone. Red, black rowsof dots, then red line on exterior of rim. Handle tips black. Interior black, with red line at top, two red lines at mid-body. Profile similar to that of 156, dated ca. 480-450. Fig. 28, P1.40 Kotyle KV-719. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.035; D. 0.051. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact.
635.
Broad, flat, inner ring foot, flaring outer ring foot; body flares to slightlyincurvingring; horizontalloop handles. Blacksevendot rosetteat center of underside.Blackring.Row of blackdots. Interior of inner ring foot red. Two rows of black dots on flat surface of inner ring foot, separated by red line. Interior of outer foot red. Black double-dotted band on resting surface. Exteriorof outer foot red, red line atjunction with body. Black line, band, line, red band, red, black, red lines, black band, red, black lines. Black zigzag in handle zone. Two red lines at exterior of lip. Handle tips black. Red line at interior of lip, remainderof interior black. Profilebetween 146 and 157, so date ca. 500-460. Kotyle Fig. 28, P1.40 KV-740. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.044; D. 0.053. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, p. 187, no. 993. Broad, flat, inner ring foot, low flaring outer ring foot; straight body curves up to vertical rim; horizontal loop handles. Black ring and dot at center of underside. Black ring near inner ring foot. Interior of inner ring foot added red. Black chevrons on innerringfoot. Added red on interiorside of outer foot. Bottom exterior edge of foot reserved, with black dots. Added red on 636.
remainder of foot. On body, two black lines, red line, black band, red line, two black lines, red band, red, black, red lines, black band, black, red lines. Black zigzag in handle zone with rows of black dots below and above. Single black vertical bar between each set of handle attachments. Exterior of lip red. Handle tips black. Interior of lip reserved, remainder black, with added red lines at top below reservedlip, mid-body,and atjunction with floor. Profile suggests a date in the second quarter or middle of the 5th century. 637.
Kotyle Fig. 28, P1.40 KV-745. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.029; D. 0.039. 7.5YR 8/4. Intact. Mentioned with CorinthXV, iii, p. 187, no. 996. Narrow, flat, inner ring foot, flaring outer ring foot; scraped groove at bottom of body; straightflaringwall; slightlyincurving rim. Black ring and dot at center of underside. Red ring, then black dots on flat surface of inner ring foot. Exterior of inner ring foot to interior of outer foot black. Large black dots on resting surface. Exterior of outer foot black.Junction with body red. Black single-dotted band borderedbelow and above by blacklines. Blackband. Single-dotted band borderedby red line below, black above, then red band, black dots, black line. Black zigzag in handle zone, red line just below lip. Handle tips and interior black. Profile suggests a date in the second quarter or middle of the 5th century. 638.
Kotyle KP-1046. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.053; D. 0.072. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 8/4. Missing one handle and XV, iii, p. 187, no. 995, pl. 44. part of rim; restored. Corinth Wide doubleringfoot; broadflaringbody; horizontalloop handle(s). Two black rings and dot at center of underside. Two widely spaced black rings. Inner and outer faces of inner ring foot reserved. Surface of inner ring foot decorated with black alternatingstepped triangles bordered below and above by black lines. Interior of outer foot purple. Resting surface reserved and decorated with black line. Bottom exterior edge of outer foot reserved.Remaining exterior of outer foot purple. Junction with body reserved. Two black lines, a purple line, black band, a purple line, two black lines, purple band, two blacklines, two purple lines, black band, blackline and purple lines on body. Black alternating stepped triangles in handle zone. Exterior of rim purple. Handle tips black. Interior of rim reserved,with single black line, then purple line adjoining blackglaze, which coversremainder.Two closely spaced added purple lines at mid-body,two atjunction with floor,and added purple ring in center floor. Shape as 142, suggesting a date in the first quarter of the 5th century. 639.
P1.40 Kotyle KP-1825. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.048; D. 0.068. 7.5YR 7/4 to 8/4. Mended from several fragments. Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, p. 187, nos. 993, 996. Broad,flat, inner ringfoot; wide, flaring,outerringfoot; flaring body; horizontal loop handles. Three black rings and dot at center of underside, wide reserved band, then black ring and black dots inside inner ring foot. Interior of inner ring foot red. Black line, chevrons, line on surface of inner ring foot. Black dots on exterior of inner ring foot. Interior of outer foot
WORKSHOPS red. Black line on resting surface. Exterior of outer foot red. On body, one red and three black lines, black band, black dots and a line, one red and two black lines, red band, three black lines, red band, black, red lines. Black zigzag with rows of black dots below and above in handle zone. Two red lines at exterior and top of rim. Handle tips black. Interior of lip reserved.Remainder black. Profile similar to that of 156 (ca. 480-450). 640.
Kotyle KP-1963. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.053; D. 0.052. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 8/4. One handle and some rim fragments missing; restored. CorinthXV, iii, p. 188 (inner ring foot not noted), no. 997, pl. 44. Double-ringfoot; slightlyconvex body; horizontalloop handle. Black ring and dot at center of underside,black circumference ring inside inner ring foot. Interior of inner ring foot black. Black alternating dots separated by zigzag on surface of inner ring foot. Interior of outer foot red. Resting surface decorated with black double-dotted band. Bottom outer edge of foot reserved, then red. On body,blackline, band, line, red band, two rows of staggered black dots, adjoining black line, black band. In handle zone, black alternating stepped triangles separated by black zigzag and bordered below and above by red lines. Handle tips black. Interiorof lip reserved,red line below, black on remainder. Profile similar to 142 (probably first quarter of the 5th century). P1.41 Kotyle KV-545. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.040; D. 0.056. 7.5YR 8/4. Rim chipped. Double-ring foot; slightlyconvex, flaringbody; horizontalloop handles. Black ring and dot at center of underside. Interior of inner ring foot red. Black stepped triangles point inward on inner ring foot. Exterior of inner ring foot red. Interior of outer foot black. Single row of black dots on resting surface (and onto bottom exterior edge of foot). Red, black lines on exterior of outer foot. Red line at junction with body. On body, black line, band, line, added red band, black line, band, 641.
149
line. Black teardrop-shapedbuds in handle zone. Red line on exterior of lip. Handle tips and interior black. Profilebetween 145 (ca. 500-475) and 157 (ca. 480-460). P1.41 Kotyle KV-731. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.034; D. 0.050. 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. Both handles and fragmentsfrom body and rim missing.
642.
Broad, flat, inner ring foot; wide, flaring, outer ring foot; slightly convex flaring body. Black ring and dot at center of underside,ring of black dots, black ring.Added red on interior side of inner ring foot. Surface of inner ring foot decorated with two rows of black dots, with red line between rows and black line at outer circumference.Added red on interior side of outer foot. Row of black dots on resting surface. Reserved line with row of black dots at bottom exterior of outer foot. Remainder of foot red. On body, black band, black line, red band, red line, black band, red line. Black zigzag in handle zone. Two red lines on exterior of rim. Red line on interior of lip, then reservedline. Remainder black, with added red line at mid-wall. Profilesimilar to that of 156 (ca. 480-450). Fig. 28, P1.41 Kotyle KV-717. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.039; D. 0.060. 10YR 8/3. One handle broken. Rim chipped.
643.
Double-ring foot; slightly convex flaring body; horizontalloop handles. Central black dot, black ring with curved spokes (late whorl?),which extend to purple circumferenceline and continue to interior face of inner ring foot. Black-bordered dotted band on surface of inner ring foot. Interiorof outer foot purple. Resting surface to exterior bottom of foot decorated with black dots. Exterior of outer foot and lower body black. On body, black line, purple band, black single-dotted band borderedby blacklines, purpleband. Blackalternatingstepped triangles in handle zone bordered below by black line and above by purple line. Handle tip black. Interior black, with added purple line at interior of lip. Wallprofilesimilarto 166 and 172, but shape is not as deep. Probablystill second quarterof the 5th century.
VRYSOULA WORKSHOP
The Vrysoula Workshop is named for the location of deposit 23 (channel 1964-1) in which most of the vases attributable to this shop were found. The style of the Vrysoula Workshop has been discussed by Pemberton, and she has demonstrated that the material should be dated ca. 450-410.19 422, 423, and 424 are by the same hand. 421, 485, and 486 are by another. Some vases have been attributed to the Workshop of the Merlin Painter, an artist named for the collector who presented the painter's masterpiece to the British Museum.20 These vases are to be regarded as a subset of the Vrysoula Workshop, for examples were found in that deposit. The lively silhouetted and black-figured animals painted on some of the vases of this workshop set them apart from other Conventionalizing products, particularly in the use of short incised or added white lines to denote animal fur. Other characteristic decorative elements that are rarely found outside this workshop include chevrons below floral elements, broken maeanders separated by checkerboard squares, and extensive use of added white. The use of branches as filler in figured 19 Pemberton 1970. See also
CorVP,pp. 276-277. Pemberton 1970, pp. 271, 273, 282, 285-286; Necrocorinthia,p. 337, no. 1553; CorVP,p. 277, no. 7. 20
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
150
scenes link this work with the Sam Wide Group.21Some of the vases attributedto the Vrysoula Workshopby Pemberton (1970) are catalogued above in Chapter 4.22 Vases from Corinth listed below are in addition to those in Pemberton'sarticle. See also 67, 293, and 490. Convex pyxis with vertical rim Fig. 4, P1.41 C-72-78. Sacred Spring Central, pottery lot 72-98. P.H. 0.040; Est.D. (rim)0.080. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragmentpreserves part of shoulder and rim.
644.
Horizontal shoulder; vertical rim. Narrow red band at edge of shoulder, then black band with two rows of added white dots, dilute line, red line. Figured scene on shoulder shows three birds, facing left, in silhouette. Of first bird, on left, only tip of spread wing is preserved. In center is striding bird with raised wings. Head and neck of third bird are preserved on right. Filling ornament of branches and dotted crosses. Black broken double maeander running left to right above figured scene, then red line. Exterior of rim black. 644 and 470 may be by the same hand. Ca. 450-410. 645.
Lekanislid
P1.41
C-40-338. Deposit 14 (cistern 1940-3). M.PD. 0.070; Est.D. 0.150. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves part of rim and cover. Verticalrim curvesup to low, conical top. Black band, line, red band, black line, wide black area with added white ivy vine with heart-shapedleaves and berry clusters. Shape identical to 313, found in deposit 23. The zone here with ivy receives linked buds on 313, but the floral patterns of both vases are in added white, and the subsidiarydecoration is the same. Ca. 450-410. 646.
Plate
P1.41
C-61-241. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,pottery lot 893. D. 0.220. 10YR 8/4 to 7.5YR 7/4 (core). Several joining XV, iii, p. 194, fragmentspreserveabout half of plate. Corinth note 4; Corinth XVIII, i, p. 128, no. 283, fig. 16, pl. 30; CorVP, p. 277, no. 2. Slightly concave underside with two grooves at center, two grooves at about two-thirds distance from foot, one groove at about one-third distance from foot, one groovejust inside foot, two grooves on resting surface. Exterior face of foot vertical, rising to flaring downcurving rim with upturned lip offset by groove on bottom. Underside reserved. Black dots on lip, red, black lines, black ivy-and-berryvine, black line. On floor, red, black lines, three black-figuredpanthers, two black lines, red band, black line, band, central circle reserved. Late third or early fourth quarter of the 5th century. 647.
Plate
P1.41
C-64-36a-b. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, pottery lot 2009. (a) M.P.D. 0.085; (b) M.ED. 0.033. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Two nonjoining fragmentsfrom floor. Horizontal floor fragments. Underside reserved.A: two black lines, red band, two black lines, black broken maeander,three
21 See pp. 160-172, especially p. 162.
22
See p. 9, deposit 23, for a list.
black lines, black band, two black lines. In figured zone, hindquartersand tail of quadruped, X behind tail, figure stands on exergue line, branches below. B: part of quadrupedand part of rosette. Short, incised lines indicate animal fur. Ca. 450-410. 648.
Concave, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-2552a-c. Potters'Quarter, South of TerracottaFactory? (a) bottom, PH. 0.021, Est.D. 0.09; (b) larger body fragment, P.H. 0.044; (c) smaller body fragment, P.H. 0.034. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Three fragments, two of them joining, preserve part of body and shoulder. CorinthXV, iii, p. 221, no. 1198, pl. 50.
Bevel at bottom of concave body, sloping shoulder. On body, black band, two red lines, black lotus-palmette chain. At junction with shoulder, two red lines, black band, three red lines, then black decoration, possibly maeander. 648 is very similar to 488 and 489. Ca. 450-410. P1.41 Oinochoe(?) CP-3185. Early excavations,provenience unknown.M.P.D. 0.036. 7.5YR 7/6 to 5YR 6/8 (surfaceslip);5YR 7/6 (core). Single fragment broken all around. Black figure of quadruped running to left. Short, white, horizontal lines on head and body indicate fur. Ca. 450-410. 649.
650.
P1.42 Lekythos C-75-81. Forum Southwest, pottery lot 75-44. P.H. 0.096. 10YR 8/4 to 7.5YR 8/4 (surface)to 5YR 7/6 (core).Four fragments mended to preserve part of shoulder and neck; stump of handle. Roundedconvexshouldercurvesto narrowconstrictionat base of neck to flaring upper neck; stump of vertical strap handle attached at mid-neck. Just above break at base of shoulder, red line, black band, red line. On one side of shoulder, a black Type 2 palmette with spiral volutes. Its central petal extends down to the dot-calyx, but the other petals do not. On other side, black-figuredbutting goat facing left, rearing over unidentified object. Hindquarters and part of one horn missing at break. Incised slashes used for hair and mouth. Eye incised. Red line or band at break on upper neck. 650 and 528 appearto have been painted by the same hand, since the palmettes of these vases are identical. The style is also close to that of the Merlin Painter. Ca. 450-410. 651.
Cylindrical,broad-bottomed oinochoe P1.42, Table 1 C-65-499a-c. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,pottery lots 2152, 2173, 2183, 2185, 2250, 4458, 4474, 4477, and 4488 (the last lot listed here is the earliest, second half of the
WORKSHOPS
5th century). (a) P.H. 0.095; Est.D. (base) 0.230. (b) PH. 0.119. (c) P.H. 0.103. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Several sherds mended to form three nonjoiningfragments.Corinth XVIII, i, p. 126, no. 276, pl. 29. False foot with flat resting surface and rounded base; straight vertical wall merges gently with shoulder. Exterior of base black. On body, two red lines, black broken single maeander, red line, black alternating reversedType 2 palmettes with chevrons between tendrils, two red lines, black running spiral with chevronsbetween, red line, blackbrokensingle maeander, two red lines, black horizontal Type 2 palmettes, black broken maeander alternating with checkerboardsquare. At junction with shoulder, black line, closed single maeander, line, alter-
151
nating pointed buds, line, two brokensingle maeanders,dotted running spiral(?)at break. Although nothing of this size was found in deposit 23 (channel 1964-1), the name vase of the Merlin Painter is also quite large. Pembertonnotes that the use of chevronslinks 651 with the Merlin Painter and his associates. The maeander patterns and general palmette styles link this vase with their work as well. Related to VrysoulaWorkshop,if not one of its products. Ca. 450-410.
VasesElsewhere Paris,BibliothequeNationale, Cabinet des Medailles, 95. Conno. 1493; CorVP,p. 277, no. 1. vex pyxis. Necrocorinthia, Convex pyxis with vertical Kamarina 1372.26613. Ragusa, rim and upright handles. Munn 1983, p. 157, pl. 5:b. Thebes, from Akraiphia, 7803. Convex pyxis with lebes rim. Andreiomenou 1991b, pp. 451-453, fig. 4. Bonn, Akademischen Kunstmuseum 662. Concave, broadbottomed oinochoe. Greifenhagen 1936, cols. 362-364, no. 17.
Paris,LouvreA.M. 1071. Lekanis. CVA,Louvre 8 [France 12], pl. 23:11, 13. London 1873.1-11.8 (A-1538). "Amphora"without handles. Necrocorinthia, p. 337, no. 1553; Pemberton 1970, p. 273, pl. 66; CorVP,p. 277, no. 7. Name vase of Merlin Painter. Athens. Perachora II, p. 279, no. 2710, pl. 113. Convex pyxis with lebes rim. Animal with short white streakson body to indicate fur,branches in front of animal.
UNVERIFIED WORKSHOPS
Dotted-Outline Workshop:See page 153 below, Dotted-Outline Group. KP-2427 Workshop: See page 154 below, Group of KP-2427. Arc-Palmette Workshop: See pages 154-157 below, Arc-PalmetteGroup. Workshop: See pages 156-157 below, WinchesterGroup. Herringbone "MASTOS WORKSHOP"
Stillwell and Benson assigned 654, a mastos from the Road Deposit, and 652 and 653, two kotylai from the Circular South Shrine, to a "Mastos Workshop."23 The palmettes of these vases are drawn as silhouette semicircles with short vertical strokes (usually three or four) at the top. These palmettes are connected to each other either by short thick lines or by a meeting of the bottom fronds of the palmettes. The profiles of 652 and 653 show very straight, flaring walls, curving in the handle zone to vertical rims. They should date in the second quarter of the 5th century, rather than the third quarter as suggested by Stillwell and Benson.24 652 and 653 have been assigned to a single hand, but this seems unlikely.25 The central fronds of the palmettes of the latter are emphasized, giving the palmettes a more triangular appearance than the flattened palmettes of 652. No single palmette frond is emphasized or even centered on any of the palmettes painted on 652.
All three vases appear to be roughly contemporary, but insufficient evidence exists for their attribution to a single workshop. Dissimilarities are evident not only in the styles of painting, but also in the methods of potting. The rim of 653 is more vertical than that of 652 because it was differently formed on the wheel; these pieces do not seem to have been made by the same potter. 654 is a mastos, a form so different from the kotylai that it is not possible to ascertain whether or not it is by the potter of either 652 or 653. See also "Painter of KP-2360," pages 140-141 above. 23 24
Corinth XV, iii, p. 12. Corinth XV, iii, p. 217.
25
As suggested by Stillwell and Benson: CorinthXV, iii, p. 202, no. 1083.
152
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
652.
Kotyle Fig. 8 KP-2314. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine.H. 0.043. 7.5YR 8/4. Two nonjoining fragmentspreservefull profile of foot and wall, and stump of handle. Glaze is fired reddish brown to black, red paint. CorinthXV, iii, p. 202, no. 1084, pl. 109.
Small kotyle with double-ring foot; nearly straight, flaring body, curving up to flaring rim. Small glazed dot at center of underside, interior of inner ring foot glazed, broken single maeander, right to left, on resting surface of inner ring foot, exterior of inner ring foot to interior of exterior ring foot painted, glazed alternatingstepped triangleson restingsurface of outer ring foot, glazed line on its outer edge, then painted above tojunction with body.On body,glazed line, glazed lotuspalmette chain with central leaf of lotus painted, two glazed lines, painted line, glazed brokensingle maeander,right to left, in handle zone. Painted line at exterior of lip. Interior glazed. Second quarter of the 5th century. 653.
Kotyle Fig. 8, Table 1 KP-2348a-b. Potters'Quarter,CircularSouth Shrine. PH. 0.034; D. 0.058. 10YR 8/3 to 8/4. Partofwall, rim, and one
handle preserved. CorinthXV, iii, p. 202, no. 1083, pls. 47, 109. Shallow body; wide rim. Black, red, black lines, alternatelyreversed lotus-palmette (Type 1) chain, with central leaves of lotuses red, then red, blacklines on body.Blackbrokenmaeander in handle zone. Exterior of lip red. Handle tip and interior black. Second quarterof the 5th century. 654.
Mastos
KP-1555. Potters' Quarter,Road Deposit. H. 0.046; Est.D. (rim)0.050. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 8/4. Mended from several fragments. One handle and part of wall missing. Corinth XV, iii, p. 185, no. 987, pl. 44. Boss with three concentric molded rings at bottom; conical body with slightly convex sides; two horizontal loop handles. Boss black, then black line, black alternating reversed lotuspalmette (Type 1) chain, with central lotus leaves red, then red, black lines, black linked lotus buds and flowers. Handle tip(s)and interior black. Second quarterof the 5th century.
"DOT-CLUSTER WORKSHOP"
Stillwell and Benson assigned two vases, 655 and 656, to a "Dot-ClusterWorkshop."26Both vases have long-lobed, heart-shapedivy leavespainted on them, but so do 57, 480, and 657. Their shapes do not support the placement of 655 and 656 in the same workshop, as they were formed very differently. The fragments are from different types of pyxides, but this cannot sufficiently account for such great variation. The vessels would have been about the same size, but the fabric
of 656 is much thinner than that of 655. Moreover,thejunction between the body and shoulderis more angular on 655, and this suggeststhat the vessels may not be contemporary. That the vases are of different date is further supported by an examination of the painted decoration. Although both have wavy vines, the stems of the ivy leaves and berry clusters of 655 are short arcs reaching away from the central vine, while those of 656 are long, follow the vine closely, and have double curves. Although both may date to the third quarter of the 5th century, 656 appears to be later than 655, and may perhaps go down into the early fourth quarter of the century. Convex pyxis with lebes rim KP-1168. Potters' Quarter, Rectangular South Pit. M.P.D. 0.050. 7.5YR 7/4 to 8/4. Single fragment preserves part of shoulder and rim. Corinth XV, iii, p. 198, no. 1049, pl. 46. Flatshoulder;angular,flat-toppedlebes rim. Blackband or line at edge fragment, then black line, black ivy with alternating berry clusters and heart-shaped leaves on a wavy vine. Black band from top of shoulder to circumferenceof top edge of rim. Black from interior circumferenceof rim to interior of rim. Third quarter of the 5th century. 655.
656.
Convex pyxis with vertical rim
KP-1409. Potters'Quarter,outside south end of South Long Building. M.P.D. 0.045. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves part of shoulder and rim. CorinthXV, iii, p. 219, no. 1175, pl. 49. Sloping shoulder;bottom of vertical rim. One purple and two black lines, then black double ivy vine with wavy stem, heartshaped leaves, and berry clusters.Top of shoulderand exterior of rim black, as far as preserved.Possiblepurple, black, purple lines at junction of body and shoulder as well but very worn. Third or early fourth quarter of the 5th century.
"IVYBERRYWORKSHOP" To the "Ivy Berry Workshop" Stillwell and Benson assigned PerachoraII, no. 2622, and 657.27 There is not sufficient evidence from either, in shape or style, to place them together in any workshop at all. Both vases, however, should be contemporary with the Vrysoula Workshop. The 26
Cited as related in CorinthXV, iii, p. 219 (see no. 1175): 30 (see pp. 41-42 above), and Papaspyridi-Karouzou 1933-1935,
p. 46, fig. 28 (Argos). 27
CorinthXV, iii, pp. 218-219; PerachoraII, p. 474, pl. 112.
GROUPS
153
ivy vines of the vases assigned to the "IvyBerryWorkshop"in Corinth XV, iii, are very close to that of 646, of the Vrysoula Workshop.The Perachora example also carries a lotus-palmette frieze that has general parallels on some of the Vrysoula oinochoai.28The shapes, however,are unlike any found in deposit 23 (channel 1964-1), and the stylistic similarities are not close enough to warrantthe placement of this vase in the VrysoulaWorkshop. 657.
Lid
KP-2313. Potters' Quarter, area of the North Dump. H. 0.043; Est.D. 0.104. 7.5 YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves full profile of lekanis lid. Corinth XV, iii, pp. 218-219, no. 1173, pl. 49. Vertical rim curves up to low, sloping top. Knob has narrow stem, flaring out to low, conical-topped knob with conical depression in center. Wide black band from edge of rim up to
circumferenceof top, then two black lines, the second serving as the vine for black alternatingivy leaves and seven-dot berry clusterson short curved stems, black line, red band, blackline, center black. Bottom half of stem of knob reserved, top half black. Underside of knob reserved, outer edge black, red ring on top, depressionblack. Third or earlier fourth quarter of the 5th century.
GROUPS DOTTED-OUTLINE GROUP
Because the vases attributed to this group are not Conventionalizing, but rather late survivals of the Subgeometric silhouette style, they are not catalogued here. Their shapes, however, correspond to those of Conventionalizing pottery from the second half of the 6th century and
a few observationsare offered. Stillwell and Benson suggested that four convex pyxides may be the products of a single workshop, transitional between Late Corinthian I and II.29 An example in Carthage, however, has a more rounded body and a lower center of gravity than the others proposed as members
of the same workshop. The Carthage pyxis is very close in shape to 45 and should perhaps be regardedapart from the other three examples.30The wall profilesof the pyxides from the Potters' Quarter and a pyxis from Megara Hyblaea are closer to but not as advanced as 48. They may still belong in the third quarter of the 6th century, but their profiles suggest a date somewhat later than
that of the Carthage pyxis. The pyxides from the Potters' Quarter are themselves of different shapes. KP-864 has a scraped groove above the foot, which KP-863 lacks. The curve from body to shoulder is slightly sharper on KP-863 than on KP-864. KP-863 has a low, thin, nearly vertical rim, while the rim of KP-864 slopes inward and is about twice as thick as that of KP-863. There are also differences in the painting styles of the two vases. The dots outlining the figures of KP-864 are much closer
together than those of KP-863. The birdspainted on KP-864 have bracketsto either side ofthem, a featurethat is absent from KP-863. There is an irregularblob of paint describedby Stillwelland Benson as an "unincised rosette" under the head of one of the birds of KP-864, while the rosette
under the belly of the animal painted on the reverse of KP-863 is a dot rosette (omitted from the published drawing),very differentin appearance.31 The pyxis from Megara Hyblaea appears to be of a still different shape. The published drawingof this vase indicates that it has a nearly piriformbody.Moreover,the drawingsuggestsa torus ring foot, in sharp contrast to the spreading ring feet of the other three examples. The great variety in the shapes and painting styles of the pyxides of the "Dotted-Outline Workshop" does not support the attribution of these vases to a single workshop. They can perhaps at most be loosely grouped together on the basis of the use of dots around silhouetted figures. 28 See 421-425. 29
Two of the convexpyxides, KP-863 (Corinth XV, iii, p. 174, no. 905, pl. 111) and KP-864 (CorinthXV, iii, pp. 173-174, no. 904, pls. 41, 111), are convex pyxides from the Potters' Quarter.The third, Boucher 1953, p. 24, no. 73, from a tomb at Carthage, is now in the Mus6e Lavigerie.The fourth, Orsi
and Cavallari 1892, p. 804 (= Necrocorinthia, no. 1328), from a tomb at Megara Hyblaea, is in Syracuse. Payne dated the Megara Hyblaea tomb to the third quarterof the 6th century. 30 See pp. 43-44 above. 31 Corinth XV, iii, p. 174.
154
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
GROUP OF KP-2427
Though perhaps as late as the third quarter of the 6th century, vases that have been attributed
to this group are better understood as very late LC I. They are not fully Conventionalizing,but bear general similaritiesto vases attributedto the Arc-Palmettegroup below. The vases are too fragmentaryfor the discernment of similaritiesin technique of throwing to be possible, and so it is difficult to support the attribution of them to a single workshop.32 Nor are KP-2427 and KP-2417 likely to have been painted by the same hand, as has also been suggested.33Both use a great number of dots as filler decoration, but the styles of the animals are very different, especially in the way the paws are drawn. The floral styles differ as well. The base of the lotus of KP-2427 is incised, while that of KP-2417 is an added purple bar. The incised pattern on the palmettes of KP-2423 is very similar to that seen on KP-2427 and KP-2417, except that the tops of the palmette fronds of KP-2423 are not outlined with incision. Both KP-2427 and KP-2423 have palmettes with red dots below the calyx arches, but
the spaces created by the incised arches are different in shape, those of KP-2423 being much
more elongated. The lotuses of KP-2423 are quite different from those of the other two vases, and the row of dotted circles between the upper and lower floral rows lends an altogether different
characterto the chain. Also differentis the banding of the lower bodies of KP-2423 and KP-2427. As Stillwell and Benson point out, the decorative scheme of KP-2417 and the palmettes of
KP-2423 are similarto a pyxis in the BritishMuseum, while the lotus-palmettechain is also similar to Perachora II, no. 2602 and to C-39-25.34 These similaritiessuggest that all are of approximately the same date. The black figure and filler decoration of KP-2427 and KP-2417, and the shapes of all the vases, as far as they are preserved,indicate that a date in the middle, perhaps into the third quarter, of the 6th century is appropriate, but differences in detail argue against their placement
in any but a chronological group. ARC-PALMETTEGROUP
This group is interesting because the palmettes of all the vases are incised in a similar way, while the lotuses are quite different.660 and 661 are identical and by the same hand. The bottoms of the calyxes of 660 and 661 are semicircular and incised with horizontal zigzags. Those of 658 and PerachoraII, no. 2711, feature a single incised arc at the top, just below the long, thin flowers, but the calyxes of the latter are vertically elongated. The lotus calyxes of 659 are round and incised with pairs of opposing arcs. No lotus bases are preserved on PerachoraII, no. 2707, but the preserved lotus flower is bulbous, in contrast to the narrow flowers of all the other examples. Differences can also be distinguished in the palmettes themselves. Most have large, irregular blobs of added red in the center of each palmette, but that of 662 is decorated with three separate, added red dots. The ways in which the arcs are incised around the edges of the palmettes vary
widely on these vases. Each of the arcs on the palmettes of 660-662 is incised separately.The arms of the incised arcs of 662 extend well beyond the painted palmette, but those of 660 and 661 do not. In contrast, all the arcs on each palmette of 659 are created from a single incised line, which is sometimes looped. Details of shoulder decoration vary as well. The tongues of 660 and 661 are widely spaced. Each tongue is noticeably wider at the bottom than at the top. The arcs painted at the bottoms of the compartments separating the tongues are strongly curved, and the vertical lines that separate the tongues extend down to the base line. The tongues of 659, on the other hand, are closer together and are of uniform width from top to bottom. The arcs below their bases are shallow, 32 Stillwell and Benson attribute to the Group of KP-2427 the following convex pyxides from the Road Deposit in the Potters' Quarter: KP-2427 (CorinthXV, iii, p. 174, no. 906, XV, iii, p. 174, no. 907, pls. 41, pls. 41, 107); KP-2417 (Corinth 107);KP-2423 (Corinth XV, iii, p. 174, no. 908, pl. 42).
33
In the catalogue entry for Corinth XV, iii, p. 174, no. 907. 174, no. 907; Necrocorinthia,p. 322, no. 1501, pl. 35 6 (British Museum 66.3.2); CorinthVII, i, p. 81, no. 372, pl. 44. 34 Corinth XV, iii, p.
GROUPS
155
and the vertical lines between them meet the arcs, rather than extending beyond them to the base lines. The tongues of 658 are widely spaced, as those of 660 and 661, but the shapes of
the tongues themselves are like those of 659. Lastly, double-dotted bands at the junctions of the bodies and shoulders of these vases are different in style. Although the bands of 659-661 are themselves of equal height, the dots in
the bands of 660 and 661 are much smaller and closer together than those of 659. On 658, the dots are large but are close together. These vases may well be, as Stillwell and Benson suggest, the products of a single workshop, but because there is nothing in the technique of throwing to verify this attribution, and because
the vases are linked by a single stylistic element, the use of incised arcs, it is perhaps preferable to describe them as a "group" for the time being. The shapes of the vessels suggest a date in the middle or third quarter of the 6th century. 658.
Convex pyxis KP-149. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. H. 0.172; Max.D. 0.210. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6. Severaljoiningfragmentspreserve XV, iii, part of body and shoulder.Restoredin plaster.Corinth pp. 174-175, no. 909, pl. 42. Small foot; deep body; flat shoulder. Wide black, red, black bands on lower body.At maximum diameter,blackline, double alternating reversed black-figuredlotus-palmette chain, two black lines. At junction with shoulder, black double-dotted band borderedby purple line below,blackline between, purple band above, then purple, black lines. On shoulder,alternating purple and black outlined tongues, black double-dottedband. Black band above, as far as preserved. Middle or third quarterof the 6th century. 659.
Convex pyxis with lebes rim
Table 1
KP-2420. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. M.P.H. (combined) 0.108; Est.D. (rim)0.090. 7.5YR 8/4. Several small pieces mended to form four nonjoining fragments,preserving part of body, shoulder, and rim. CorinthXV, iii, p. 175, no. 910, pl. 42. Convex body; nearly horizontal shoulder; flat rim. On body, wide black, red, black bands, narrow red band, black-figured alternating reversed double lotus-palmette chain, with added red on base of lotus and core ofpalmette. Blackline, narrowred band, black double-dotted band, narrow red band at junction with shoulder.On shoulder,alternatingblack and red tongues with black scalloped outline. Black line. Junction with rim reserved.Exterior and top edge rim black. Interiorof top edge to interior of rim black. Middle or third quarter of the 6th century. Table 1 Cylindricaloinochoe KP-2592a-c. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.062; Est.D. 0.090. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/6 (core).Mended from several fragments. Half of body and part of shoulder preserved. Surface pitted. Corinth XV, iii, p. 176, no. 917, pl. 42. Base projects beyond body; straight wall; rounded shoulder. Exterior of base added red. On body, black line, alternating 660.
stepped triangles,blackline, black-figuredalternatingreversed lotus-palmette chain, with Type 1 palmette and lotus centers added red, black line. At junction with shoulder,black doubledotted band borderedbelow and above by red lines. On shoulder, black line, alternating black and red tongues (here paint applied directlyto clay) with black, scalloped outline and lines between tips. Middle or third quarter of the 6th century. 661.
Cylindricaloinochoe KP-2593. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.066; Est. Max.D. 0.090. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 8/4 (core).Severaljoining XV, iii, fragmentspreservepart of body and shoulder.Corinth p. 176, no. 918, pl. 42. Straight sides; rounded shoulder. On body, black line, black alternating stepped triangles, black line, black-figuredalternating reversedlotus-palmette chain, with traces of added red on centers of palmettes, black line. At junction with shoulder, black double-dotted band bordered below and above by red lines, black line between. On shoulder,black line, alternating black and red tongues with black scalloped outline and lines between tips. Decoration as 660, but no trace of added red remains on lotus. Middle or third quarter of the 6th century. 662.
Stemmed bowl
KP-1545. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. P.H.0.053; Est.D. (base) 0.150. 7.5YR 8/4. Two nonjoining fragments preserve part of stem. Corinth XV, iii, p. 178, no. 929, pl. 42. Conical, flaring stem, outward thickened at the bottom. Exterior edge to top edge of foot added purple, then black line, two rows of black squares bordered below between and above by purple lines, another purple line, black-figuredalternating reversedlotus-palmette chain, with added purple on lotus and on core of palmette. Possible traces of added purple on checkerboard. Middle or third quarter of the 6th century.
VasesElsewhere Athens. Convex pyxis with lebes rim. Perachora II, p. 279, no. 2707, pl. 113; Corinth XV, iii, p. 175, note 1. Athens. Convex pyxis with vertical rim. Perachora II, p. 279, no. 2711, pl. 113; Corinth XV, iii, p. 175, note 1.
VII, p. 72, no. 272, pl. 45. Cyrene. Closed shape. Cyrene
156
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
WINCHESTER GROUP
This group was first noted by Payne, who considered it to be the output of a workshop.35 The Dunbabins suggested PerachoraII, no. 2691, as an addition, and another example from Perachora should probably be included in the same group as well.36 A taste for rounded, projecting, molded bands is seen on exaleiptra from Delos and Winchester, pyxides from Athens and Heidelberg, and a lid from Perachora. Both pyxides have the same unusual flaring tripod foot. The vases also show very similar decorative schemes. A herringbone pattern, otherwise rare, is seen on most of the examples, while crisp, closed single maeanders and rectangular outlined tongues (alternating red and black) are used frequently as well. Small dot rosettes appear together with outlined petals on the exaleiptron from Delos and on the lid of the Heidelberg pyxis, and the outlined petals of the examples from the Potters' Quarter are drawn in a similar manner. The tongue patterns on the shoulders of the exaleiptra at Winchester and Delos are broken at intervals by dot rosettes. Dotted-net "pomegranate" patterns are placed next to the herringbone bands of the Perachora phiale and the Oxford pyxis. Bentz added 663.37 This pyxis and one in Adolphseck have the distinctive shape and carry the familiar tongue pattern but lack the maeander and herringbone decoration typical of the group.38 The Adolphseck pyxis and 665, an exaleiptron with rounded, projecting, molded bands, are not as finely painted as the others. Yet all of these do belong together. Stillwell and Benson call this the Herringbone Workshop.39 Amyx's "Winchester Group" is preferable, however, since the stylistic elements defining the associations of these vases with one another are very simple patterns, and the shapes were apparently produced by more than one shop.40 Exaleiptra of the Serpentine Group also feature rounded, projecting moldings (see below, pp. 157-158). Because the shapes are unusual, the vases of this group are difficult to date by profile. Payne initially dated the Oxford pyxis to the middle of the 6th century.41 Subsequently, he brought the date down because of the close stylistic affinities with other members of the Winchester Group and a pinax of the late third quarter of the 6th century.42 The pomegranate pattern was still popular in the third quarter of the century, but except for a few late survivals on kalathiskoi, it seems to drop out of the Conventionalizing repertoire soon thereafter. This further supports a date no later than the early fourth quarter of the 6th century. Fig. 29, P1.43, Table 1 Cylindrical(tripod?)pyxis C-47-729. Deposit 1 (well 1947-4). P.H. 0.052; Est.D. (lip) 0.080. 5YR 8/4 to 7/6. About one-fourth preserved.Glaze is fired red, red paint. Bentz 1982, pp. 332-333, no. D3-91, pl. 29. Bottom flares up to inset cylindrical body with two horizontal ridges on side and low domed top that extends beyond the body; outward-thickenedrim. Exterior of bottom undecorated, as far as preserved. Glazed band atjunction with wall, then glazed alternatingstepped triangles,firstridge glazed, alternatingglazed and painted tongues separatedby dilute lines, second ridge glazed, painted line, glazed four-barsigmas, rim painted. Interior bottom shows traces of glazed band. Third quarterof the 6th century. 663.
35
Necrocorinthia, p. 333, discussionof nos. 1508, 1509; CorVP, 474. p. 36 Perachora II, p. 191, no. 1932, pl. 19; p. 277, no. 2691, pl. 114. 37 Bentz 1982, pp. 332-333, no. D3-91. 38 CVA,Schloss Fasanerie2 [Germany 16], pl. 60:11. 39 Corinth XV, iii, p. 307, no. 1680.
I
663
)
665 FIG. 29. Winchester Group
40
CorVP,pp. 473-474. Amyx relates the Winchester Group
to the Stemmed, Serpentine, and Spiral Groups (see pp. 157158 below). See also Greifenhagen 1936, cols. 360-361, figs. 17-19. 41 Necrocorinthia, p. 332, no. 1504, fig. 175A. 42 CVA,Oxford 2 [Great Britain 9], p. 65, no. 33. See also Necrocorinthia, pp. 112, 333.
GROUPS
664.
Exaleiptron KP-2601. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds (west edge of hill, near North Road). M.PD. 0.135. 10YR 8/3 to 2.5Y 8/2. Severaljoining fragments preserve part of body and shoulder,broken at handle attachment. Corinth XV, iii, p. 307, no. 1680, pl. 66. Rounded upper body; sloping shoulder. Purple, black bands just below maximumdiameter,wide reservedzone with vertical band of black diagonal lines next to handle attachment. On shoulder, purple line, black herringbone enclosed by black lines, black tongues with scalloped outline terminate above in black (or added purple?)line. Third quarterof the 6th century. Fig. 29, P1.43, Table 1 Exaleiptron C-65-109. Oakley South A, pottery lot 2428. PH. 0.054.
665.
157
7.5YR 8/4 (slip)to 5YR 7/6 (core).Single fragmentfromwall, broken all around. Projectingmoldings at mid-body and at junction of body and shoulder.At lower exterior of wall, tops of widely spaced dilute rays, dilute line, narrowred band, blackline. Underside of first molding reserved,dilute glaze on exterior edge and black dots on top of first molding. Narrow red band over ridge. On wall, black closed single maeander right to left, narrow red band. Black dots on underside of second molding, remainderblack. Red line in groove above molding, then on wall, blackline and tracesof blackdecoration(maeander?),as faraspreserved.Top half of interior reserved, then covered below with thin wash, which gradually becomes thicker and darker toward bottom of sherd. Third quarterof the 6th century.
VasesElsewhere Adolphseck. Pyxis. CVA,Schloss Fasanerie 2 [Germany 16], pl. 60:11. Athens. Pyxis. BCH 78 (1954) pl. 2; Mingazzini 1959, p. 493, XV,iii, p. 307, fig.681; Necrocorinthia, p. 333, no. 1508; Corinth note 2; CorVP,p. 474. Athens. Pyxis lid. Perachora II, p. 191, no. 1932, pl. 19. Heidelberg 133. Pyxis, said to come from Boeotia. CVA,Heip. 333, delberg 1 [Germany 10], pl. 18.1-2; Necrocorinthia, no. 1509; Corinth XV, iii, p. 307, note 3; CorVP,p. 474. Oxford 1927.4451. Pyxis. CVA,Oxford 2 [Great Britain 9], p. 332, no. 1504; CorVt, pls. 2:33 and 3:13; Necrocorinthia, p. 474.
Athens. Phiale. Perachora II, p. 277, no. 2691, pl. 114. Noted in Corinth XV, iii, p. 307, note 4. Agrigento 22362. Exaleiptron.De Miro et al. 1988, p. 305. VII, pp. 60-62, nos. 214-216, Cyrene.Three exaleiptra. Cyrene 36. pl. Delos 524. Exaleiptron. DelosX, pl. 37; Necrocorinthia, p. 335, no. 1521; Corinth XV, iii, p. 307, note 4; CorVP,p. 474. Winchester. Exaleiptron. Said to come from Thebes. Necrocorinthia, p. 335, no. 1520, fig. 184; De Carolis 1977, pl. 5:f; CorVP,p. 474. Selinus.Five fragmentsof exaleiptra.Dehl-von Kaenel 1995a, pp. 222-223, nos. 1583-1587, pls. 38, 80.
SERPENTINE GROUP
The Serpentine Group was identified by Schauenburg and named by Amyx.43 The three exaleiptra he assigned to this group have rounded shoulders. Each has two knucklebone handles, a reflex handle, and a small vertical spool handle at the maximum diameter. The vessels are ray
based, with loop patternsin the handle zone and outlined tongues on the shoulder.Two additional examples have been found in the Potters'Quarter,and while their angular shapes and projecting moldings relate them to the Winchester Group, the painted decoration places them firmly in the Serpentine Group. The Serpentine and Winchester Groups are probably contemporary.44 666.
Exaleiptron KP-1560. Potters' Quarter, inside South Long Building. P.H. 0.030; M.P.D. 0.045. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Single XV, iii, p. 308, no. 1682, fragmentbrokenall around. Corinth pls. 66 (photo upside-down), 120.
Body flaresup to molded ridge at midpoint, then risesvertically to junction with shoulder,which is offset by a second molded ridge; shoulder nearly horizontal. Tips of thin black rays, red ridge, black dotted loop, red ridge, black line, alternatingred and black tongues with black scalloped outline. No trace of interior decoration. 43 CVA, Heidelberg 44 C. W. Neeft
1 [Germany 10], p. 35; CorVP,p. 473.
(pers. comm.) notes that another product of the Serpentine Group, Syracuse 77965 (unpublished),was found in a Monte San Mauro grave, which may suggest a LC I date. The evidence is uncertain, however, because of damage by tomb robbers (M. Frasca, pers. comm.). A related
Fill 1933-2 from South Stoa Shop XXXII includes an uninventoried fragment of a similar exaleiptron. Third quarterof the 6th century. P1.43, Table 1 Exaleiptron KP-1561a-b. Potters' Quarter, Shrine of the Double Stele. (a) PH. 0.034; (b) M.P.D.0.022. 10YR 8/3. Two nonjoining fragments,broken all around. Body flaresup to molded ridge at midpoint, then slopes slightly inward and is offset from shoulder by second molded ridge; shoulder slopes slightly upward, as far as preserved.Blackline 667.
exaleiptron was part of an excavated grave group of ca. 540 at Sindos (Sindos,pp. 158-159, no. 249), and on the whole, the group has more in common with the third than with the second quarter of the 6th century. See also Tivarios 19851986, pp. 76-77; and see above, p. 7.
158
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
servesas base for blackrays, which are triangularat the bottom, then rise in thin lines. Rays are widely spaced and terminate in blacklinejust below firstridge. Ridge appliedpurple. Blackline above ridge. Applied purple small upward-pointingtriangles. Black dotted loop. Applied purple downward-pointinghollow
triangles descend from black line below second ridge. Second ridge applied purple, continuing on line above ridge, then black, purple, black, purple lines. Lower half of interiorblack, as far as preserved. Third quarterof the 6th century.
VasesElsewhere Heidelberg 145. Exaleiptronsaid to come from Boeotia. CVA, Heidelberg 1 [Germany 10], pl. 19:4-6; CorVP,p. 473, no. 1. Delos 528. Exaleiptron. DelosX, p. 152, no. 528, pl. 37; Necrocorinthia, p. 335, no. 1525; CorVP,p. 473, no. 2. Allard Pierson Museum 238. Exaleiptron.Snijder Amsterdam, 1937, no. 1303, pl. 61; CorVP,p. 473, no. 3. SPIRAL GROUP
This group, defined by Amyx, consistsof two lidded exaleiptradecoratedwith runningspirals, which have small stepped trianglesbetween them.45No certain examples have yet been identified at Corinth. Amyx related the exaleiptra of this group to those of the Winchester,Serpentine, and Stemmed Groups, because all share the same unusual shape.46Exaleiptra of the Spiral Group have wider bases than the others, and the ridged bands articulating zones of decoration are more rounded. The differences may be due in part to some chronological development, but any
differences in date are probably slim. The production of ridged exaleiptra apparently stopped before the end of the 6th century. The Spiral Group exaleiptra are perhaps the first Conventionalizing vessels to be decorated with two-bar hook maeanders, a motif that becomes common in the 5th century (see above, p. 28). VasesElsewhere London, British Museum 1873.10-12.2. Exaleiptron.Jecrocorinthia,p. 335, no. 1524; Scheibler 1964, p. 77, pl. 7; CorVP, p. 474. Bari 5048. Exaleiptron.Necrocorinthia, p. 335, no. 1523; CorVP, p. 474. SPIRAL DOT GROUP
The vases of this group are decorated with running spirals, which have dots between them. This motif is used together with broken single maeanders and often closed single maeanders as
well. All show the same use of black and red lines, and black bands where preserved. Stillwell and Benson suggest that 670 and 671 are by the same painter,whom they name the Spiral Dot Painter.47
672 provides a link with other vases featuring"whipped-cream"stepped triangles,a link that in turn supports a date in the first half of the 5th century for this group.48 Again the dotted running spiral is used together with broken single maeanders. As Pembertonpoints out, a larger example of the dotted-spiralmotif is found on 673.49 The use of a broken single maeander in conjunctionwith dotted spiralsis typical of these vases as well. The palmette forms of 673 show that it is not by the same painter as 670, but it is certainly related. A further stylistic difference that separates 673 from the others is seen in the spirals themselves, which alternate in direction only on this vase and not on any of the others. 4CorVP, p. 474.
46
CorVPIpp. 473-474. See also p. 157 above. 47 Corinth XV, iii, p. 183, no. 968. They cite Perachora II, no. 2683, as comparandum. This must be a typographical error, for that Perachora vase (Perachora II, p. 277, pl. 114) is decorated with concentric rings rather than spirals, and
the outer ring is composed entirely with dots. A vase from Perachorawith a similarnumber,no. 2638 (Perachora II, p. 274, pl. 113), is quite close to the others in the use and execution not only of the dotted-spiralmotif, but also of the hook maeander. 48 See Painter of KP-2360, pp. 140-141. 49 Corinth XVIII, i, p. 126.
GROUPS
159
Stillwell and Benson suggested that 347, from the Aphrodite Deposit, is related to these vases.50The spirals of 347 are quite different,however, being created from a single continuous line looped over in the center of each spiral. Instead of dots there are chevrons between the spirals. Some, but not all, of the chevrons have dots below them. Chevrons also appear between the spirals of 651 and an unpublished cylindrical oinochoe found at the Asklepieion, but the spirals of the
latter two examples are drawn differentlyfrom 347 and from each other. A date in the first half, perhaps into the middle, of the 5th century is suggested by the maeander types and the vessel forms. Powder-pyxislid KP-1604. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.028; D. 0.067. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/6. Several fragmentsmended to preserve top and part of side. CorinthXV, iii, p. 183, no. 965, pl. 43.
668.
Wall offsetfrom top by grooved projectingmolding; depressed ring around central boss. Black line, red band, black band to underside of projecting molding. Side and top of molding red. Black band, black line, black running spiral with dotted interstices,blackline, black band, red line. Depressed ring red. Central boss reserved. First half, perhaps into the middle, of the 5th century. P1.43, Table 1 C-36-1124. Deposit 21 (well 1936-10). H. 0.043; Max.D. 0.050; D. (foot)0.032. 7.5YR 7/4 to 5YR 7/4 (core).Several joining fragmentspreserveall of foot, half of remainder.Full profile. Restored in plaster. High, flaring ring foot; ovoid body turning in to nearly horizontal shoulder;thickened collar rim with upper surfacesloping inward. Underside and resting surface of foot reserved. Exterior of foot red. Reserved band on lower body, then wide black band, red line, black dotted spiral, red, brown, red lines, black broken single maeander, right to left, red, brown lines, black dots. Rim black. First half, perhaps into the middle, of the 5th century. 669.
Convex pyxis
Table 1 Convex, broad-bottomed oinochoe KP-2424. Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. P.H.0.045. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Two joining body fragmentspreserveprofile of vase to neck ring. Corinth XV, iii, p. 183, no. 968, pl. 43. Rounded body; sloping shoulder; neck ring. On body, black band, red, black, red, black, red lines. On shoulder, black alternating reversed palmette chain with Type 2 palmettes, red, black, red, black, red lines, black closed single maeander 670.
right to left, black dotted running spiral, black broken single maeander right to left. Top of shoulder and neck ring red. First half, perhaps into the middle, of the 5th century. 671.
Cylindricalbroad-bottomedoinochoe KP-2429. Potters'Quarter, Road Deposit. P.H. 0.035; P.W. 0.056. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Fragmentpreservespart of body and shoulder and part of neck ring. CorinthXV, iii, p. 183, no. 969, pl. 44. Vertical sides, sloping shoulder, neck ring. On body, red line, black broken single maeander, black dotted running spiral, black closed single maeander.Red, black, red, black, red lines at junction with shoulder. On shoulder, black broken single maeander, black dotted running spiral, black broken single maeander.Neck ring red. First half, perhaps into the middle, of the 5th century. P1.43 Cylindricaloinochoe PH. Forum Central lot 0.093. 6362. L-6362-1. I, pottery 7.5YR 7/4. Single fragmentpreservespart of base and wall. Glaze is fired red, red paint. Outward-projectingbottom; cylindricalwall. Exterior of bottom painted. On body, glazed band, painted line, glazed alternating "whipped cream" stepped triangles, two painted lines, glazed band, two glazed broken simple maeanders, right to left, then glazed dotted spiral left to right, two painted lines, traces of glazed band above. First half, perhaps into the middle, of the 5th century. 672.
VasesElsewhere Lipari 10514. Convex pyxis with uprighthandles. Munn 1983, p. 221, note 50. Athens. Oinochoe. Perachora II, no. 2638.
Related P1.43, Table 1 Large oinochoe C-64-476a-c. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,pottery lots 2094, 2110, 2140, 2142, 2144, 2244, 72-207. (a)P.H. 0.140; Est.D. (foot)0.130; Est.D. (wall)0.210; (b) P.H. 0.078; P.W.
673.
50
XV iii, p. 304, no. 1660. Corinth
0.099; (c) M.P.D. 0.075. 10YR 8/4 to 5YR 7/6 (core).Several fragments mended to form three large nonjoining fragments preserving part of foot, body, and shoulder. CorinthXVIII, i, XVIII, iii, p. 135, note 104. p. 126, no. 275, pl. 29; Corinth
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
160
Wide, flaring ring foot, bottom of foot sloping, with narrow resting surface at outer circumference; wall flares steeply to maximum diameter, turning vertically to sloping shoulder; neck ring. Underside and resting surface reserved. Black, red, black bands on exterior of foot. Widely spaced rays at bottom of body, then black, red, black bands, black line, black dotted
running spiral, black line, black alternating reversed Type 2 palmettes, black line, black three-bar hook maeander, black line at top wall. On shoulder, four black lines, black dotted runningspiral,black closed double maeander.Neck ring black. Pemberton dates 673 to first or early second quarterof 5th century,but it may be slightly later.
GROUP OF THE BONN PYXIS
Stillwell and Benson attributed 674 and a vase from Mycenae to the painter of a pyxis in Bonn.51 They further suggested that several other pieces are related. The shared motif of the vases seems to be a vertical shoulder palmette with double volutes, but there does not appear to be sufficientevidence to attributethem to a single hand on this basis. The vertical shoulder palmettes of the pyxides in Corinth and Bonn have double volutes. The Bonn pyxis, however, has a large round calyx dot and an ovoid frond arrangement, while 674 has a teardrop-shaped calyx and an elongated central frond, which gives the palmette an ovoid appearance. The figural style of the Mycenae pyxis is similar in some ways to each of the others. The heads of the Mycenae and Corinth panthers are of the same shape, although not identical in incision. As on the Bonn pyxis, the wings of the Mycenae creature (probably a sphinx or a siren) are created from tiered fronds, but in contrast to the Bonn pyxis, there are two tiers instead of three. The human faces painted on the Bonn and Mycenae vases are quite different. Lastly, the Corinth and Mycenae vases are too fragmentary to permit a comparison of their shapes with that of the Bonn pyxis, but it should be noted that the Mycenae and Bonn pyxides have very different types of handles. At the present time, therefore, it is advisable to regard these vases as members of a group rather than the products of a single hand. The vases are datable to the second half of the 5th century, and probably no later than ca. 410, as they are related to the Vrysoula Workshop and the Sam Wide Group. 674.
Convex pyxis
KP-1170. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. M.P.D. 0.080; Est.D. (rim) 0.090. 7.5YR 7/4. Single fragment preserves part of shoulder and rim. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 193-194, no. 1023, pls. 45, 107.
Sloping shoulder;vertical rim with shallow depression at base and flat edge. Black band, red line at junction of body and shoulder. On shoulder,black-figuredpanthersbetween Type 2 palmettes,filler decoration of dotted crosses. Red line at top of shoulder,rim black.
VasesElsewhere Bonn. Pyxis. Weicker 1902, p. 143, figs. 66, 67; Necrocorinthia, Mycenae. Pyxis. Cook 1953, p. 53, no. D23, pl. 21; Corinth XV, iii, p. 194, note 3. Human-headed figure in profilefaces XV, iii, p. 194, note 1. Antithetical p. 331, no. 1492; Corinth sirens face central Type 2 palmette. winged panther to right. SAM WIDE GROUP
On Boardman'ssuggestion, following Callipolitis-Feytmans,this group has been named for Sam Wide, the scholar who first recognized the class.52Wide considered these vases to be the products of Boeotian craftsmen, and most scholars for the next half-century regarded the vases as Boeotian products. Pfuhl recognized a similarity to Corinthian work.53 Pease pointed out that "the clay of the 'Boeotian' cups decorated in outline technique in the National Museum (Athens 1119 and 1120) looks very Corinthian."54Yet it was only the presence of vases from this group among the Potters'Quarter material that led to their acceptance as a Corinthian group.55 Further verification of their Corinthian origin is provided by the examples from the Demeter 51 Corinth XV, iii, pp. 193-194.
52 Boardman 1970, p. 194; Callipolitis-Feytmans 1962,
p. 141; Wide 1901. See pp. 171-172 for a list of Widean vases in museums beyond Corinth. 53 Pfuhl 1923, p. 714. Payne also recognized a similarity (Necrocorinthia, p. 333).
54 Pease 1937, p. 312 (numbers refer to Collignon and Couve 1902). 55 Ure 1952, p. 121; CVA,Reading 1 [Great Britain 12], p. 27.
GROUPS
161
sanctuary.56 Altogether, more than two-thirds of the vases that can definitely be assigned to this group have been found at Corinth. The Sam Wide repertoire is limited to plates, kylikes, phialai, and powder pyxides. All are small and are shapes that provided nearly flat circular surfaces. Stillwell discerned a difference in shape between the lotus kylikes and the kylikes with human figured scenes, noting that the lotus kylikes are smaller and have more vertical rims, which rise from the bowls at sharper angles.57 The difference in size is readily understandable; the slightly larger interior surfaces of some kylikes simply provided more room on which to paint figured scenes. As for rim shape, there is much minor variation, suggesting that these kylikes were produced by several potters. The angle of the rim, however, generally has less to do with the decoration than with the presence or absence of a stem. The more vertical rims tend to be associated with stemmed rather than stemless kylikes, while stemless lotus kylikes, such as 681, are close in shape to the figured kylikes, which are always stemless. Variations in handle shape ha are also present. The handles of some Widean and related kylikes are slightly contracted at the attachment to the rim, so that in plan, the handles flare out slightly from the roots. This feature, present on all the larger, figured kylikes, is seen on some of the smaller kylikes as well, such as 683 and 716. Others, including 718 and an example from Reading (64.7.1), do not have contracted handles. Variation in handle form does not seem to be significant, however, since 686 has one handle of each type. Various dates have been proposed for the Sam Wide Group. On the basis of the basishairstyle of the kottabos player on one of the London kylikes (E813), Wide dated the group in the second half of the th century.58 To Lane, on the other hand, this same kylix exemplified a 4th-century decline in Greek vase painting.59 Pfuhl argued that the style of the Widean vases indicated a date no earlier than the late 5th century.60 A date in the third quarter of the 5th century is preferred by others. Callipolitis-Feytmans compared the rendering of eyes and the use of a three-quarter view to Attic work of the third quarter of the century.61 Pease and Stillwell noted that the Sam Wide Group is related to the work of the Obstacle Race Painter, whose products have been found in contexts dated in the third quarter of the 5th century.62 Ure dated the Sam Wide Group to around 430 B.c. on the basis of the subsidiary decoration of vertical squiggles, ivy, and dotted zigzags.63 These arguments are strengthened by an examination of pottery from deposit 23 (channel 1964-1).64 A heavy outline style not unlike that of the Sam Wide Group is used for the animal depicted on 522 and for the gorgons of 531 and 532.65 The branches that are so common on Widean vases are echoed by those on 525.66 If Brown's identification of Oedipus and the Sphinx with Brasidas and Cleon on a kylix in Oxford is correct, then this vase would most probably have been produced between August 424 B.C. and September 422 B.C.67 This date is in accordance with the chronological range suggested by other data, and the hypothesis that the scene on the Oxford kylix is to be regarded as the ancient equivalent of a political cartoon is consistent with the style and subject matter. That a Corinthian vase painter was lampooning non-Corinthian individuals seems unlikely, however, as caricature is effective only when based on a readily identifiable image. It is by no means certain that a portrait of an Athenian, however famous, would be familiar in Corinth. Corbett compared the mug held by Herakles on the London pyxis (E814) to a blackglazed mug found in the Athenian Agora and dated in the last quarter of the 5th century.68 56
Corinth XVIII, i, p. 134. 57 Corinth XV, iii, p. 369. 58
Wide 1901, p. 150. 59 Lane 1949, 57, no. 95a. p. 60 Pfuhl 1923, p. 714.
61
Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 142.
62 Pease 1937, p. 312; Corinth XV, iii, p. 369. 63 Ure 1949, p. 22.
64
As has alreadybeen noted by Pemberton(Corinth XVIII, i, p. 135). 65 Also Athens, National Museum 347. 66 The branches of 525 are arranged in the same way as those of a kylix in St. Petersburg,Hermitage B3138. 67 Brown 1974, p. 169, note 22. 68 Corbett 1949, pp. 332-333, no. 81.
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PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
Stillwell, however, suggested that better parallels could be found among slightly earlier blackglazed mugs, dated 440-430.69 The overall proportions of the mug depicted on the pyxis do
indicate that this is a mug of the Pheidias shape, datable to the second half of the 5th century.70 However, the heavy outline style of the painter of the pyxis precludes any possibility of further
narrowingthe range of dates for his work through an examination of the mug he depicted. The thymiaterion depicted on Reading 64.7.1 is of the shape found in deposit 23.71 It has a flaring base, a thin stem with a projecting ring, and a rounded bowl. The tall lid has cutouts at mid-height and terminates in a flaring, conical, flat-topped knob. Earlier thymiateria, such as 587,
are deeper and have lower lids. Nor is the Widean depiction as late as 601 or 602. Post-Vrysoulan thymiateria have broader, shallower bowls, and their stems have multiple projections.
Because the Widean products appear to be somewhat later than the earliest vases from the VrysoulaWorkshop,Pembertondates these productsto the late third or early fourth quarterof the 5th century.72The group was roughly contemporarywith the Vrysoula Workshopbut probably not active before the last third of the 5th century. Several of the vases depict busts rather than whole figuresand are similarin style to a series of Attic red-figuredstemmed plates found at Spina and dated to the last thirty years of the 5th century.73Featuresshared by the Spina and Wide Groups include the frequent use of dots, snaky tendrils of hair next to the ears of female figures, and short wiry wisps of hair.74 Much of the previous scholarship on Sam Wide vases has centered around comparisons of
these vases with the ceramic products of other Greek cities. A. D. Ure compared the outline technique of this group with that of the Attic Negro alabastraof ca. 480 and noted the similarity of the cuirasses of the Widean Herakles figures to one on a mid-5th-century Attic red-figured krater.75Callipolitis-Feytmanshas pointed out that the outline style is that of Attic white-ground vases, first copied at Corinth in the middle of the 5th century.76Stillwell has shown that the influence of this group upon Boeotian vase painters can be seen in the use of outline, dots, and filling ornaments.77 The wholly Corinthian elements of Widean vases have not been entirely ignored. Stillwell and Amyx have already discussed the place of these vases in the history of the outline style of painting at Corinth.78The subsidiarydecoration is also Corinthian in character, especially the use of red and black banding on the plate, pyxis, and phiale shapes.79Similarities between the products of this group and those of the Vrysoula Workshop have been noted above. The dotted swastika of 706 recalls the filling ornaments common on non-Widean figured vases of this period.
The throne of the goddess depicted on Athens, National Museum 5825 is decorated with registers of typical Corinthian Conventionalizingpatterns. Wide seemed to consider the five vases discussedby him to be the work of a single painter.80 Stillwell also felt that all thirteen of the vases known to her with human figured scenes were by a single hand, an artist called the Sam Wide painter in CorinthXV, iii.81 The vases of this group do share distinctive characteristics.There are similarities in the ways that clothing and adornment are depicted. The dotted garments of figures depicted on Reading 47.8.1, Athens, 69
Corinth XV, iii, p. 369. 70 AgoraXII, pp. 72-74. 71 See pp. 134-136 (589-597) above. Ure's comments (1968, p. 140) concerning the thymiaterion predate the publication of deposit 23. 72 Corinth XVIII, i, pp. 127-128. 73 ARV21305-1311. 74 Note especially SpinaI, pp. 94-96, nos. 221-225, 228, 229. I am grateful to Keith DeVries for drawing my attention to the Spina parallels. 75 Ure 1949, 21; Corinth XV, iii, p. 368. Stillwellnotes that p. the costume on 677 is even closer to the red-figuredexample than those on the Widean vases cited by Ure.
76
Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 142. 77 Corinth XV, iii, pp. 369-370. A Laconian outline stylemay have been inspired by the Sam Wide Group too. See Stibbe 1994, p. 79. 78 CorinthXV, iii, pp. 368-369;
CorVP,pp. 541-543.
79 The banding also occurs on the Widean kylikes, but kylikesare rare in Conventionalizing pottery outside the Sam Wide Group. 80 Wide 1901, p. 148. 81 CorinthXV, iii, p. 370, note 1.
GROUPS
163
National Museum 484 and 5825, and the three London examples82 have heavy, black, spiky triangles at the edges. 705 features elements that are drawn in this same way but cannot be identified with certainty as drapery.676 and 677 show clothing with similar hems, although the fabric does not appear to have been dotted. The female figures of the London kylikes (British Museum E813 and 1969.12-15.2), Reading 64.7.1, and 702 all wear the same sort of necklace, drawn as a line across the lower neck with pendant dots. Another common feature is the dotted face. The human figures drawn by this group often
have dots on their faces, the number of dots on each cheek varyingfrom two, on 675 and Reading 47.8.1, to six on Reading 64.7.1 and on Goulandris 30.83 Several other examples, however, including 676, 700-702,
707, and three in Athens (National Museum 347, 409, 484), do not
have these dots. Such variations in stylistic details indicate more than a single painter in evidence here. Others
have already indicated a reluctance to regard the vases as the products of a single hand. Stroud saw the same hand at work on 700 and 702 but rightly did not include the third plate, 701, discussedin his article on this painter'scorpus.84The figuresof the firsttwo examples have longer faces, with profiles very different from that of the figure on 701, and hair is brought forward on the shoulder in snaky tendrils. The eye of 702 is also drawn very differently from that of 701.
The hair treatmentof 701 links it insteadwith another vase from Corinth (676) and one from London (British Museum 1969.12-15.2), which are certainly by the same hand. The female on
the Corinth example lacks spots on her face, but the figuresare otherwisevery close. Forexample, the eyelashes of both are drawn as short diagonal lines between the upper lid and the eyebrow, and both have recessed chins. Though not well preserved, 701 is probably by this painter as well, as the figure has the same low forehead and bodily proportions as the other two. All three figures
wear the same hairstyle:flattish on top, with a mass of hair extending far behind the head. The hair is drawn with circular brush strokes and lacks the snaky tendrils emanating from the hair
of figuresby other paintersin the Sam Wide Group.The torches depicted on 701 and the London example are drawn in the same way as well. The kylikes in Oxford, St. Petersburg, and the Goulandris Museum in Athens appear to be
the products of a single hand. All three are decorated with human or composite figures sharing similar features. The face of each male is shown in profile, with a low, bulging forehead, a snub nose, and an ear that resembles a snail shell. The combination of certain features (the small dots on the cheeks of human figures, the
eyelashes of the upper eyelids, and the shapes of the mouths) indicate that the London pyxis, the Reading pyxis, and one of the Reading kylikes(47.8.1) were all painted by the same hand.85 Two of the three pieces bear representations of Herakles. The third shows a seated god. Athens, National Museum 5825 and 707 share some of these features, but the faces of their figures are more vertically elongated. On the Athens plate, the eyelashes of Demeter rise and spread from the lid like rays. The elbow joint is lower on the arm than the inner crook, while
the arms depicted on 676, 701, and the London pyxis show elbow joints higher than the inner crooks.707, although worn, may be the workof still another artist,as the cap is lower and broader than that shown on the Athens plate. Also showing a figure with hair treatmentsimilarto that on 701 is 703. This plate was dated by Pemberton to the first half of the 5th century and not included in her discussion of Widean 82 London, British Museum E813, British Museum E814, and BritishMuseum 1969.12-15.2. 83 The figuresdepicted on the London examples(seenote 82) have three dots on each cheek. The warrior on 678 and the sphinx of the Oxford kylix have four dots each on their cheeks. Dots are also reported on the face of the god painted on the lid of Reading 47.6.2, but the number of dots cannot be discerned from any of the published photographs.
84
Stroud 1968, p. 302. Ure 1949. Ure considered these features to be typical of the group as a whole, but additional attributionsto the group have since been made, which display features different from these. 85
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PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
vases.86 The use of added white, which appears on the diadem, is otherwise unknown in the Sam Wide Group.87 The band around the scene is black, whereas the band bordering figured scenes of the Sam Wide Group is usually red. The arrangement
of two antithetical
figures in the scene
further sets this plate apart from the others, where there is always a single primary figure. Yet the face of the sphinx is drawn in the Widean heavy outline style. There are three dots on the cheek, unknown outside of the Sam Wide Group. Although drawn quite differently, the wings are dotted, like those on 707. The eye lacks lashes, but so do those of the figures depicted on Athens, National Museum 484, Goulandris 30, the Reading pyxis, and the Oxford kylix. The plate is also similar in shape to examples from the Sam Wide Group, particularly in the presence of two circumference grooves on the underside, a feature shared by 702.88 It therefore seems likely that this plate was painted by a Widean, albeit one whose hand is not yet attested on any other vase. Lotus kylikes, named for the large lotuses painted in their tondos, were produced in this workshop as well.89 There is an example in Reading from an unknown context, and another was found at Perachora (no. 2701), but most of the examples have been found in the Potters' Quarter at Corinth. A sufficient number are now known to show that these vases were produced and painted by several hands. The red lotuses of some, including 679, 682, 690, 693, 699, and the Reading example, have black vertical lines through the center. This line is absent on other examples, such as 681, 691, and 692. The branches on either side of the lotuses of the last two kylikes curve around the lotus buds in the same manner and are certainly by the same hand. Another painter decorated 682 and 690. 689 is very close to 681, as far as the former is preserved. The black lotus of 686 and the use of incision on 680 set them apart from the other examples and from each other. The style of the Widean vases has often been described with disparagement. Wide himself regarded the painting as sloppy.90 Of the Artemis kylix (London, British Museum 1969.12-15.2), Cook wrote: "The figure is drawn in outline, rather crudely with little regard for anatomical accuracy: the head is too large for the high-waisted body, the limbs are rubbery and illproportioned, and the feet are almost triangular in shape, each with six toes on the near side."91 Ure took a slightly less critical tone, noting that "when compared with Corinthian red-figured and other vases with outline drawing, the childish aspect of many of the figures, their long heavy
eyelashes, dimples, chubby limbs, feet with toes on the side of the spectator, all combine to set them in a field apart."92 Others, however, have mentioned the sense of humor in evidence on these vases.93 The heavy lines and the figural proportions used by the Sam Wide painters were optimum for humor and are
paralleled in Attic depictions of comedy. The Oxford kylix has previously been discussed with regard to its intent to amuse.94 Further evidence of levity can be seen in the expressions on the faces of some of the figures. The woman on Reading 64.7.1 frowns in dismay at the thymiaterion in her hand. Artemis (British Museum 1969.12-15.2) approaches the altar before her with a reluctance evident from her posture as well as from her facial expression. On the Athens plate (National Museum 5825), the live bird behind the throne appears to make eye contact with the swan's head carved on the back of the throne, unbeknownst to the seated goddess. None of these on the iOxford examples is as obviously ribald as the masturbatin sphinx kylix, but taken together, a the attest they jocularity among painters. 86
Corinth XVIII, i, p. 127. Added white, however,is common on the contemporary vases found in deposit 23 (channel 1964-1). 88 701, 704, and 706 are also similar, but each has only a single circumferencegroove. 89 This was first suggested by Ure 1949, p. 24; see also Corinth XV, iii, pp. 368-369; CorVP,pp. 275-276. 87
90 Wide 1901, p. 148.
91 Cook
1972, p. 113. Five toes are depicted, not six; the side of the foot is also shown. 92 93
Ure 1968, p. 140.
CorinthXV, iii, pp. 369-370; CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 134Corinth 136; VII, iv, p. 2. 94 Boardman 1970; Brown 1974; and see p. 161 above.
165
GROUPS
The subjects of the Widean vase paintings are varied. Some, including the kottabos player, the horseman, the hare, and the woman with the thymiaterion, appear only once. Others are
recurrent. Three of the vases show Herakles, and four show sphinxes, both long popular at Corinth.95That iconography of Demeter and Kore appears repeatedly is no surprise,since three of these vases, 700, 701, and 704, were found in their sanctuary.96The attributesare grain (a usual attribute of Demeter), as well as torches and poppies particularly associated with Eleusinian rites. The presence of the last two attributes here may indicate that they were relevant to the
cult at Corinth as well. A. D. Ure regarded the figure on the Reading pyxis as Dionysos.97Dionysos may have been associated with Demeter on Acrocorinth, at the sanctuarywhere several vases of the Sam Wide Group have been found.98 Demeter and Dionysos certainly shared mysteries near Corinth, at Lerna.99Dionysos also played a role in the mythological history of Corinth, for the Bakchiadai claimed descent from him.100But the figure has also been identified as Pan.101The horns on the figure'shead are more appropriatefor Pan than for Dionysos, and Boardman'sidentification of the attributesas a lagobolon and syrinx is quite plausible.102 The vases of the Sam Wide Group testify to the whimsical imagination and creativity of
Corinthian vase painters. Though influences of Attic work can be seen in the products of this group, the painters were neither counterfeiting nor slavishly imitating their Athenian counterparts. Rather, they were working out of the Corinthian Conventionalizing tradition, and were part of a movement to inject that tradition with new liveliness in the last third of the 5th century. 675.
Kylix Fig. 30, P1.43 CP-989.'03 Peribolos of Apollo. Fill dated 7th through 5th centuries. PH. 0.010; D. (base) 0.045. 7.5YR 8/4. Two joining fragments preserve part of base and floor. Corinth XV iii, p. 368, no. 9; Corinth XVIII, i, p. 134, note 20; Pease 1937, p. 312; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 141, note 5; CorVP,p. 276, postscript. Center of underside concave, thickening toward exterior,then cut back inside of foot; ring foot with bottom sloping to narrow resting surface. Exterior of foot in two degrees, undercut at junction with flat-bottomed bowl. Small thin black ring at center of underside. Lower half of interior of foot, resting surface, and lower half of exterior of foot black. Black-glazed figureddecoration in outline style on floor.Nude bearded man faces left. Head, raised arms, back of torso, and raised left leg (to knee) are preserved. Light brown wash on torso, arm, and leg. Right hand and forearm are wrapped in leather straps depicted with several short parallel lines. Object (weight?)in right hand. Ca. 430-410. 676.
Kylix C-65-440 and C-65-506. Acrocorinth, Demeter sanctuary, pottery lot 4409. PH. 0.010; Est.D. (foot) 0.039 (ca. true). 10YR 8/4. Two nonjoining fragmentspreservepart of floor and foot. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 135, no. 294, pl. 32 (identified as a dish).
95
Necrocorinthia, pp. 89-90 (sphinx), 126-133 (Herakles). Corinth XVIII, iii, p. 71; Stroud 1968, p. 303. 97 Ure 1949, pp. 19-20; CVA,Reading 1 [GreatBritain 12], p. 27; Ure 1952; Ure 1969; Rose 1952. 98 Stroud 1968, pp. 328-330; Ure 1969, p. 121; Bookidis and Stroud 1987, p. 27; Bookidis and Fisher 1974, pp. 290XVIII, iii, p. 247. 291; Corinth 99 Rose 1952. 96
Low ring foot; nearly flat floor. Entire foot glazed. Remainder of exterior reserved. Figured decoration in outline style on floor. One fragment (C-65-440) shows the head of a woman facing left, looking at an object that Pemberton suggests may be an omphaloid basket. The other fragment (C-65-506) shows part of the torso of the figure, her left arm outstretched to the right. She is long-waisted and wears a chiton decorated with a row of thin triangles above the belt and crosses below. Over this she wears a himation painted in streaky dilute glaze. Ca. 430-410. 677.
Kylix KP-1153. Potters' Quarter, South of Terracotta Factory, outside the altar room. PH. 0.012; D. (base) 0.040. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves base and part of floor. All decoration is worn glaze fired red to black. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 218, 368 (no. 5), no. 1168, pl. 107; Callipolitis-Feytmans 1962, p. 141, note 5; CorVP,p. 276, postscript. Verticalringfoot; smalldepressionin center of floor.Underside reserved. Interior to exterior of foot glazed. Remainder of exterior reserved. Figured decoration in outline style on floor. Armed figure,wearing a cuirass(?)over a short chiton, standing at altar.The figure'sright arm is raised and extended toward the altar, and the bottom of a quiver,worn over the shoulder, can be seen below the arm. The left arm extends downward,
100For furtherdiscussion, see Burkert 1983, pp. 199-200. CVA,Reading 1 [Great Britain 12], p. 27; Boardman 1970, p. 195. 102 Boardman 1970, p. 195. Rose (1952) had firstobjected to the identificationof this figure as Dionysos. 103 The inventory number of 675 is sometimes (e.g., CorVP, p. 276, postscript)given as KP-989. KP-989 is a black-glazed oinochoe. 101
166
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
675
678
681
679
682 FIG.
683
30. Kylikesof the Sam Wide Group
and a bow is held in the left hand. Two irregularlines extend down from the left arm. The line closer to the figure'storso may representthe edge of a chlamys.These lines are not likely to have representeda club (as suggested in CorinthXV, iii), for the club would have to be leaning precariouslyagainst the figure'selbow.Moreover,what have been identified as dots on the "club" are tiny irregular pocks in the clay itself. Figure has been identified previously (CorinthXV, iii, p. 218) as Herakles(?),and the cuirass is of a type usually worn by males, but the breasts are emphasized, and the hairstyle is like that worn by several of the female figures depicted by the painters of the Sam Wide Group. A female, probably Artemis or Aphrodite Ourania, is surely depicted here. For discussion of the cult of Aphrodite Ourania at Corinth, see Williams 1986. Ca. 430-410. 678.
Kylix Fig. 30 KP- 1154. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. P.H.0.016; M.P.D. 0.061. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves base and center of bowl. Base chipped. Bowl broken all around. CorinthXV, iii, pp. 180, 368 (no. 7), no. 948, pl. 43; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 141, note 5; CorVP,p. 276, postscript. Shallow bowl with nearly straightlower wall; flaring ring foot, offset on interior by groove, has shallow groove on exterior. Underside reserved. Interior of foot black. Exterior reserved, as far as preserved.Figured scene on floor rendered in outline style, entirely in black and dilute glaze. A warrior faces left, with right leg forward and left leg bent, extending back from the knee. Right arm raised above shoulder. Left arm lower but also held forward. Figure holds object with spiral in left hand and wears Corinthian helmet, cuirass decorated with dotted-net pattern, dotted belt, and short tunic. On warrior's left cheek, four dots. Ca. 430-410. 679.
680
Kylix Fig. 30 KP-1225. Potters' Quarter,North Road Deposit. H. 0.022; Est.D. 0.120. 7.5YR 7/4 to 7/6. Two joining fragments preserve full profile to rim. Handles missing. Corinth XV, iii, p. 181 (mismeasured),no. 949, pls. 43, 117; CallipolitisFeytmans 1962, p. 141, note 5; CorVt,p. 276, postscript. Low, flaring ring foot; broad, shallow body turns up sharply
to low, concave rim. Two black rings at center and one just inside of foot. Entire foot black. Black line on exterior around foot. Below rim black band, red line. Black buds on exteriorof rim. Top and interiorof rim black. Red circumferenceband on floor, then seated sphinx in silhouette style, looking backward with wings raised. Small silhouettedquadrupedin front.Above is red lotus, outlined in black and bisected with a black line. Branches are on either side of the lotus and there is a small silhouetted bird above to the left. Ca. 430-410. 680.
Kylix Fig. 30 KP-1622. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. P.H.0.028; D. (foot) 0.023. 10YR 8/3. Single fragment preservesfoot and part of floor. Corinth XV, iii, p. 180, no. 947, pl. 43. conical foot rises up to shallow, flaring body. High, hollow, Underside reserved. On bottom exterior of foot, narrowblack band, two black lines, remainder reserved. On floor,red band, black line, tip of unidentifiable red decoration, then in center, black-figuredlotus with branches on either side. Stem of lotus has incised horizontal arc near the top. Above it, two downturned black arcs. Arcs of dots above. Near bottom of lotus bud is horizontal incised battlement pattern. Above, lotus decorated with added red paint, as far as preserved. Ca. 430-410. 681.
Kylix Fig. 30 KP- 1623.Potters'Quarter,Road Deposit. H. 0.020; D. (foot) 0.018; D. (rim)0.042. 10YR 8/3 to 5YR 8/4. Missing chip frombase, aboutone-fourthofrim, andboth handles.Stumps of one handlepreservedat rim. Glaze is firedredto black, red paint. Callipolitis-Feytmans 1962, p. 141, note 5; Corinth XV, iii, p. 180, no. 946, pl. 117; CorVP,p. 276, postscript. Ring foot; shallow bowl; slightly flaring rim with concave external profile; handle stumps indicate horizontal loop handle. Smears of glaze on undersurface.Entire foot glazed. Most of body reserved,with some smears of glaze. Glazed band below junction with rim. Glazed buds on exteriorof rim. Glazed band on interiorof rim. Wide painted band fromjunction with floor onto circumferenceof floor,then glazed line. At center of floor, painted lotus outlined with glazed lines, which flare out at either side of top to form leaves. Black stem and bulb below lotus. Smears of glaze in field. Ca. 430-410.
GROUPS Fig. 30 Kylix KP-1624. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. P.H.0.030; D. (rim) 0.045. 10YR 8/4 to 8/3; 5YR 8/4 (core). Single fragment preserves upper part of stem, much of floor, and small part of rim. Glaze is fired black to red. CallipolitisFeytmans 1962, p. 141, note 5; CorinthXV, iii, p. 180, no. 944, pl. 43; CorVt, p. 276, postscript. Slightly concave, high, conical foot; shallow bowl roundsup to slightly flaring, concave rim. Glazed band on exteriorjust below junction with rim, glazed buds on exterior of rim. Black band on interiorof rim. Red circumferenceband on floor,then black line. At center of floor, red lotus with black line down center and outlined with black lines, which flare out to form leaves near top. Black stem and bulb at base of lotus. Black branches at either side of lotus flower. Dot rosette between lotus stem and branch on left. Ca. 430-410. 682.
Fig. 30 Kylix KP-1625. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. H. 0.023; Est.D. 0.089 (ca. true). 7.5YR 8/4. Mended from three fragments. Full profile preserved, including about one third of floor,one-fourth of rim, and half of one handle. CallipolitisFeytmans 1962, p. 141, note 5; CorinthXV, iii, p. 180, no. 945, pls. 43, 117; CorVP,p. 276, postscript. Low disc foot with concave underside and concave exterior; shallow convex body rounds up to slightly flaring, concave rim; loop handle rises diagonally from rim and upper body. Underside reserved. Black band below handle. Black buds on exteriorof rim, handletipsblack.Blackband on interiorof rim, red band atjunction with floor,blackline, red lotus outlined in black at center of floor with branches on either side. Ca. 430-410. 683.
684.
Kylix KP- 1907a-c. Potters'Quarter,possiblyfrom Stele ShrineA. PH. (without handle) 0.015. Between 7.5YR 8/4 and 7/4. Glaze is fired black to red, red paint. (a) mended from three fragments.(b and c) additional nonjoining fragments. Corinth XV, iii, pp. 192, 368 (no. 8), no. 1015, pl. 45. Shallow bowl curves up to flaring rim; a loop handle rises diagonally from rim. Black buds on exterior of rim. Black line on exterior of lip continues as band on interiorof rim. Narrow reservedband, red line, then figured scene in outline style on floor. Horse and rider,facing left, in a combination of outline and silhouette styles. The rider wears a petasos. Ca. 430-410. 685.
Kylix KP-2233. Potters' Quarter,miscellaneousfinds (trenchS5). M.PD. 0.056. 7.5YR 7/4. Single fragment preserves part of foot, floor, and, on interior only, junction with wall or rim. CorinthXV, iii, p. 223, no. 1214, pl. 50 (misidentified as plate); Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 141, note 5; CorVP, p. 276, postscript. Flat bottom; low ring foot near interior edge of fragment. Splashes of black glaze on underside. On floor, black band with added red line, black line, red band, black line, then part of head (gorgon?)in outline to the left: curly hair painted with dilute swirls,corner of eye below. Branch to right. Ca. 430-410.
167
686.
Kylix KV-568. Potters'Quarter,Stele Shrine A. H. 0.031; D. (rim) 0.055. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing one handle and small chip from rim. Handle restoredin plaster.Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, XV, iii, p. 313, no. 1739, pls. 67, 117; p. 141, note 5; Corinth Ure 1968, pp. 140, 141, note 14; CorVP,p. 276, no. 13 and postscript. High, conical foot with broad, flat, resting surface; shallow body; vertical rim; handles turn upward. Underside reserved. Blackband at bottom of foot, black band below handles. Black buds on exterior of rim. Black band on interior of rim. On floor, red band, black line, black lotus with branches at either side. Handle tips black. Ca. 430-410. P1.44 Kylix L-31-9-33. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.015; Est.D. (rim)0.030. 7.5YR 8/4 to 7/4. Single fragmentpreserves small part of bowl, about one-fourth of rim, and one handle.
687.
Slightly convex body curves up to flaring, concave rim; horizontal loop handle attached at rim. Black band at top of underside of bowl to junction with rim. Black buds on exteriorof rim. Handle tip glazed. Black band on interiorof rim.Junction with floor reserved.On floor, red band, blackline. Partof lotus decoration in center: on left, bulb and stem of lotus, with stem resting on black line below; on right, black branch. The rim profile is like that of 683. Ca. 430-410. P1.44 Kylix L-31-9-34. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.035; M.P.D. 0.066. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preservesupper part of stem and about one-fourth of bowl, broken at junction with rim. Low,flaring,conicalfoot; shallow,slightlyconvexbowl, sharply turned slightly inward at junction with rim (at break). Black band at top of exteriorof bowl. Traces of blackbuds atjunction with rim (at break). On floor, red band, very thin dilute line, lotus at center of floor. Red lotus outlined in glaze (firedred), with part of black stem and bulb below. Branchesto either side fired black to red. Shape slightly deeper than 682, but otherwise very close. Ca. 430-410. 688.
689.
Kylix L-31-9-35. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.012; Est.D. (foot) 0.020. Between 7.5YR 8/4 and 7/4. Single fragmentpreservespart of foot and bowl. Brokenatjunction with rim.
Resting surface of flaring ring foot black-glazed, continuing onto the bottom exterior of foot. Black band at top exterior of bowl, up to but not onto junction with rim. On floor, red band, blackline, then at center,part of red lotus with bulb and stem at bottom, and branches (firedblack to red) at either side. Shape and decorationvery close to 681, as far as preserved. Ca. 430-410. 690.
Kylix L-31-9-37. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.015; D. (foot)0.040. 10YR 8/3 to 7.5YR 8/4 (core).Single fragment preservesall of foot and much of floor.
168
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
Flaringdisc foot; nearlyflat floor.Underside reserved.Exterior of foot andjunction with bowl red. At widest part of preserved floor, a black band to break (probably below junction with rim). On floor, red line, black band, then at center, a red lotus with a blackline through the center,and a black bulb and stem at bottom. Branchesto either side of lotus. Between left branch and stem, black cross. Between right branch and stem, black dot rosette. Decoration as 682, except that 682 has dot rosette on opposite side of stem and has no crosspreserved.Same artistas 682; even the curves of the branches and the manner in which the lotus is drawn, with the tip leaning to the left, is identical. Shape as 683. Ca. 430-410. P1.44 Kylix L-31-9-82. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.030; D. (foot) 0.047. 2.5Y 8/2. Single fragment preservesall of foot and part of floor. High, conical foot. Narrow black band at bottom exterior of foot. Wide blackband on underside of bowljust abovejunction with foot. On floor,red band, dilute line, dilute branch, part of red lotus outlined with dilute line. Ca. 430-410. 691.
P1.44 Kylix L-31-9-83. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.022; D. (foot) 0.043. 2.5Y 8/2. Single fragment preservesstem and small part of floor.A few chips missing from stem. Low, concave stem. Black band at bottom exterior edge of stem. Remainder of exterior reserved, as far as preserved. On floor, red band, black line, black branch, red lotus at center, with black stem and black lines outlining sides flaring out to form leaves near top. Ca. 430-410. 692.
693.
P1.44 Kylix L-31-9-84. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.028; Est.D. (foot) 0.055. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves one-third stem and small part of floor.
Low,concavestem. Narrowblack, red bandsat bottom exterior of stem. Remainder of exterior reserved, as far as preserved. On floor, at center, red lotus with black lines for leaves and black line down center. Ca. 430-410. P1.44 Kylix L-31-9-86. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.018; Est.D. (rim)0.080. 2.5Y 8/2. Single fragmentpreservespart of floor, rim and stump of horizontal handle. Shallow body offset by sharp bevel from flaring, concave rim. Black band just inside circumferenceof underside. Black buds on exterior of rim. Black band on interior of rim onto junction with floor, red band, black line, then reserved with black branch, as far as preserved. Ca. 430-410. 694.
695.
P1.44 Kylix L-31-9-89. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.015; Est.D. (rim) 0.090. 10YR 8/2. Single fragment preserves small part of exterior of foot and part of floor and rim. Missing handles, interior of foot, and center of floor.
Low ring or disc foot; shallow bowl beveled to concave rim. Black band on body just below junction with rim. Black buds on exterior of rim. Black band on interior of rim, red circumference band on floor, black line, black branch, part of red lotus outlined in black. Ca. 430-410. 696.
P1.44 Kylix L-31-9-90. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.024; M.P.D. (floor) 0.043. 10YR 8/2 to 7/2 (misfired?).Single fragmentpreservespart of conical foot and center of floor. High conical foot, shallow bowl. Exterior reserved, as far as preserved. On floor, red band, black line, black branch, red lotus outlined in black. Ca. 430-410. 697.
P1.44 Kylix L-31-9-92. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.015; Est.D. (foot) 0.040. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 8/4 (core). Single fragmentpreservespart of foot and floor. Low,spreading,ringfoot with concave profile;shallow,rounded bowl. Thick black circumferenceline on underside.Interiorof foot reserved. Resting surface, exterior of foot, and junction with body black. Black band near top of body at break. On floor, red band, black line, black branch, red lotus outlined in black. Ca. 430-410. 698.
P1.44 Kylix L-31-9-97. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. M.PD. 0.041. 7.5YR 8/4 to 5YR 8/4 (core). Single fragment preserves part of outer floor and lower rim. Lip missing.
Slight concavity toward center of floor indicates that this is a fragmentof a stemmedkylix; body is beveled to flaring,concave rim. Red, black bands below bevel. Black buds on exterior of rim. Black band on interior of rim. Red circumferenceband on floor. Black line, black branch. Ca. 430-410. 699.
Phiale
KP-2230. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds (Tr.Tr. A). M.PD. 0.079; 7.5YR 8/4. Fragment from floor, broken all around. CorinthXV, iii, p. 369. Presumably that to which Callipolitis-Feytmans(1962, p. 141, note 5) refers. Round-bottomed. Underside reserved, as far as preserved.On floor, red lotus outlined in black, with black line through the center and two(?)black circles at base. Toward center, black line, band, line. Red band or line at break. Ca. 430-410. 700.
Plate
P1.44
C-64-208. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,potterylot 2143. M.PD. 0.070. 7.5YR 7/4. Two joining fragmentspreserve part of floor. Glaze is fired red to brown. Stroud 1968, pp. 302-303, pl. 87:c; Ure 1969, p. 121; CorinthXVIII, i, p. 136, no. 296, pl. 32; CorVP,p. 276, no. 15. Floor of plate with five concentric grooves at center of underside. Traces of glaze in grooves on underside. On floor, figured decoration in outline style. Femalefigure in profileto left, shoulders, neck, and lower half of face preserved. Figure has long hair and wearspeplos. In right hand she holds poppy-seed pod near her nose.
169
GROUPS
Demeter or Kore? Stroud notes that this was painted by the same hand as 702. Ca. 430-410.
with added white diadem. Three dots on cheek. Wings dotted. Shape is very similarto that of 705, as far as it is preserved. Ca. 430-410.
701.
704.
Plate
P1.44
C-64-219. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary, pottery lots 2152 and 4440. M.PD. 0.121; Est.D. (floor) 0.150. 10YR 8/3 to 5YR 7/6. Two joining fragments preserve part of floor. Glaze is fired orange. Stroud 1968, pp. 302-303, pl. 87:b; Ure 1969, p. 121; CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 135136, no. 295, fig. 35, pl. 32; CorVP,p. 276, no. 17; Corinth XVIII, iii, p. 71, note 21. Floor fragment with one groove near the center and one near the edge of the underside. Underside reserved.On floor,glaze line aroundfiguredscene in outline technique:head of woman in profile to left. Tall flaming torch and stalkof grain, probably wheat, behind her. Demeter? Ca. 430-410. 702.
Plate
P1.45
C-64-225. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,potterylot 2152. H. 0.024; M.PD. 0.111. 7.5YR 8/4. Twojoining fragments preserve half of floor, part of sides, and beginning of rim. Stroud 1968, pp. 302-303, pl. 87:d; Ure 1969, p. 121; Pemberton 1978, p. 30; Corinth XVIII, i, p. 136, no. 297, pl. 32; no. Corinth CorVP,p. 276, XVIII, iii, p. 71, note 21. 16; Two deep grooves near center of underside at break; two shallowgroovedringsnear circumferenceof underside;bottom curves up to vertical wall, flaring out to nearly horizontal, slightly overhanging rim. Underside and exterior reserved. Black band on top of rim at break; black line and added red band on interior wall; black band at junction with floor, then red line around outer edge. Figured scene on floor in outline style shows bust and right arm of Athena in profile to left. Athena wears aegis, and one snake of aegis appears behind her right shoulder.Athena also wears dotted stephane, helmet, snake bracelet, and necklace, and holds an object, possibly a lamp, in her right hand. The dotted aegis is not unknown. For an Attic example, by the Meidias Painter,see Burn 1987, pl. 11.104Stroudnotes that this was painted by the same hand as 700. Ca. 430-410. 703.
Plate
P1.45
C-65-441. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,potterylot 4409. M.PD. 0.085. 7.5YR 8/4. Fragmentpreservespart of floor and bottom of rim. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 127, no. 282, pl. 30; no. 12ter. CorVP,p. 354, Slightly concave underside,with two deep grooves around circumference, begins to curve up to wall or rim. Underside reserved. Exterior reserved, as far as preserved.Bottom interior wall is decorated with red band, as far as preserved.Junction with floor is reserved. Narrow black band around circumference of floor.On floor,figuredscene of antitheticalsphinxes in outline style. On left, forehead, nose, and upper lip of sphinx facing right, and below, front of chest and one raised foreleg. To right of face, "starburst"or rosette consisting of eight petals around a central dot. Below and to right of foreleg, top of probable lotus. Further to right, second sphinx, mirror image of first and more preserved, facing left. Hair black, 104
Plate
C-65-450. AcrocorinthDemeter sanctuary,potterylot 4349. P.H. 0.014; M.P.D. 0.056. 7.5YR 7/4 to 7/6. Single fragment preserves part of floor and lower rim. Lip not preserved. Brownish red paint. Glaze is fired red. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 135, no. 293, pl. 32. Slightly concave underside; groove just inside circumference; nearly vertical wall flares to horizontal rim. Underside and exterior reserved. Painted band on interior wall, glazed line at junction with floor, figured scene on floor. Glazed figured decoration in outline style shows hand holding flaming torch and poppy. Ca. 430-410. 705.
Plate
Fig. 31 C-73-319. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,found in baulk. PH. 0.023; Est.D. (floor) 0.180-0.190. 7.5YR 7/4. Single fragmentbrokenall aroundpreservespart of outerfloor and wall. Very worn. All decoration is glaze fired black to red. CorVP,p. 354, no. 12bis.
Slightly concave underside with two circumference grooves curves up to rounded bevel and concave wall; appears to be broken at junction with rim. On underside, band from inside of inner groove continues to just below maximum preserved diameterof plate. On interior,band or line at breakatjunction with rim. Band at bottom of wall. Painted scene on floor, rendered in outline style, is not readily identifiable. On left, bowed line, resembling the torch and smoke on 701 and 704. Toward center, rounded object appears to the top or back of human head. To right of this, dotted triangle points to wall; then two dotted wavy strips,with rows of triangles along their left edges, look very much like typical Widean drapery. Amyx (CorVP,p. 354): siren? Ca. 430-410. 706.
Plate
Fig. 31
KP- 1224, Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. PH. 0.012; Est.D. (base)0.068. 7.5YR 8/4 to 10YR 8/3. Mended from two fragments.Missing all of lip, most of rim, and about half of floor. Corinth XV, iii, p. 185, no. 983, pl. 44; Callipolitis1962, Feytmans p. 164, no. 62, fig. 24; CorVP,p. 276, no. 19. Concave underside curves up abruptly to flaring, outturned rim. Two small black rings at center of underside, black line near outer edge of undersurface.Exterior of base to vertical sides just before rim flares out red. Top of rim glazed (fired red), as far as preserved, glaze line below. Bottom verticalpart of rim red, continuing as wide circumference band on floor, black line. Figured scene, in glaze, of siren with revertedhead and raised wing. Head and body in silhouette, remainder in outline and then filled in with crosshatching.Branchin frontof figure and dotted swastikaabove. For a similar composition, see KV-1005 (CorinthXV, iii, pp. 325-326, no. 1892, pls. 70, 107; Callipolitis-Feytmans 1962, p. 145, no. 25, fig. 9), a black-figuredkanoun attributed to the Sam Wide Workshopby Callipolitis-Feytmans,but probably somewhat pre-Widean. Ca. 430-410.
I am grateful to Keith DeVries for bringing this example to my attention.
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
170
a .-,*'
r
706
705
707
708 FIG.31. Plates of the Sam Wide Group Plate Fig. 31 KP-2786. Potters'Quarter,North Road Deposit. H. 0.018; Est.D. (floor)0.116; M.PD. 0.160. 7.5YR 7/4. Three nonjoining fragmentspreservepart of foot, floor,and beginning of rim.Missingcenter of floor and edge of rim. Corinth XV, iii, p. 185 (mismeasured),no. 982, pl. 44; Callipolitis-Feytmans 1962, p. 163, no. 61, fig. 24; Pemberton 1970, p. 275; CorVP, p. 276, no. 21.
707.
708.
Concave underside;low, flaringwall, curving out to horizontal rim, which thickens at break. Thin dilute ring at center of underside, dilute line halfwayto restingsurface,dilute line just inside of restingsurface.Traces of dilute band or line on underside of rim at break. On top of rim, black band at break, then black line. Red band on junction with wall. Black line at junctionwith floor.On floor, sirenfacingleft painted in outline style. Dots on polos and wings. Fourdots below body. Branch to left. Ca. 430-410.
Slightlyconcave undersidewith two grooved rings near center; low foot with convex exterior profile curves up to low, vertical wall, which turns out slightly more than 90 degrees to downturned rim. Underside and exterior reserved. Red band on top of rim, black band on junction of rim and wall, junction with floor reserved, then red, black lines, red band, two black lines, black band, two black lines. At center of floor, red lotus outlined in black, with black line through center and black branches on either side. Ca. 430-410.
Plate Fig. 31 KV-694. Potters' Quarter, miscellaneous finds (Trench D). PH. 0.008; Est.D. (base) 0.040; M.PD. 0.060. Between 7.5YR 8/4 and 5YR 8/4. Single fragmentpreservesmuch of floor,some of wall, and small part of beginning of rim. Edge of rim missing. Glaze is fired black to red, red paint. Corinth XV, iii, pp. 223, 368 (no. 13), no. 1215, pl. 50; CallipolitisFeytmans 1962, p. 164, no. 63, fig. 24; CorVP,p. 276, no. 18.
Related(or toofragmentaryforcertainattribution) 709.
Kylix C-64-77. Acrocorinth Demeter sanctuary,pottery lot 2044. H. 0.023; D. 0.038; D. (foot) 0.022. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing most of handles and chips from rim and foot. Glaze is fired red on exterior,blackon interior.Red paint. Corinth XVIII, i, p. 175, no. 571, pl. 52.
Flat-bottomed; solid stem with concave exterior profile; shallow bowl roundsup to flaring,concave rim; stumps of two horizontal handles attached at rim; conical depressionin center of floor.Narrow glazed band on exteriorof footjust above bottom edge, narrow glazed band on lower rim below handles. Black dots on interior of lip, red band below, black line at junction of rim and floor. On floor, four flowers, each with four black leaves/petals and red central stamen, restingon blackline near center of floor, center of floor red. Ca. 430-410. P1.45 Kylix KV-750. Potters' Quarter, Stele Shrine A. H. 0.029; D. 0.058. 7.5YR 8/4. Missing one-fourth of floor and rim. Mentioned with Corinth XV, iii, p. 313, no. 1739. Low, conical foot; shallow bowl curving up to slightly concave rim; horizontal handles with upturned ends attached at junction of bowl and rim. Black band at bottom exterior of foot, black band below handles, black buds on exterior of rim. 710.
Handle tips black. Short, black, accidental streak on one side of exterior of rim. Interior of rim black. Black line at junction with floor.Black two-bar hook maeander,black line, red band, three black lines, red band, two small black rings and dot at center of floor. Shape and decoration very close to those of 711. Ca. 430-410. 711.
Kylix KV-869. Potters'Quarter,trenchJ deposit. H. 0.031; Est.D. (rim) 0.056. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves about three-fourthsof stem and one-fourth of bowl and rim. Full profile, except handles. CorinthXV, iii, p. 313, no. 1738, pl. 67.
Low, conical foot; shallow bowl curving up to slightly concave rim. Black band at bottom exterior of foot, black buds on exterior of rim. Interior of rim black. Black line at junction with floor.Black two-bar hook maeander,black line, red band, three black lines, black circle at center of floor. Ca. 430-410. P1.45 Kylix L-31-9-85. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. P.H. 0.015; Est.D. (rim) 0.095. 10YR 8/4 to 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preservespart of rim and outer floor.
712.
GROUPS
171
Shallow bowl curves up to flaring, concave rim. Black band around circumference of underside. Black teardrop-shaped buds on exterior of rim. Black band on interior of rim. Wide red band at circumferenceof floor,then blackline, reserved,as far as preserved. Ca. 430-410.
Shallow bowl beveled at junction with flaring, concave rim; horizontal loop handle. Handle tip black. Remainder of exterior reserved, as far as preserved, with possible traces of black band belowjunction with rim. Interior of rim blackto junction with floor. Red circumferenceband on floor, black line. Ca. 430-410.
P1.45 Kylix L-31-9-87. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.016; Est.D. (rim) 0.100. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves part of outer floor and rim. Glaze is fired black to red, red paint. Deep bowl curves up to flaring, concave rim. Glazed band on underside of outer circumference of bowl. Glazed buds on exteriorof rim. Interiorof rim black, red band around circumference of floor. Reserved areajust beginning at break. Ca. 430-410.
717.
713.
P1.45 Kylix L-31-9-88. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.020; D. not determinable. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves smallpart of floor and rim and part of one horizontalhandle, round in section.
714.
Shallow bowl curves up to flaring, slightly concave rim. Black circumference band on underside of floor continuing onto junction with rim. Black decoration on exterior of rim appears to be hook maeander, but little is preserved. Black line on exterior of lip. Black band on interior of rim. Wide red circumferenceband on floor,then beginning of reservedzone. Handle tip black. Ca. 430-410. P1.45 Kylix L-31-9-91. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.017; Est.D. (rim) 0.080. 10YR 8/2 to 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preservespart of rim and floor.
715.
Deep, rounded body beveled to concave rim. Thick black line on upper body belowjunction with rim. Blackbuds on exterior of rim. Interior of rim to junction with floor black, narrow reservedband, red band, as far as preserved. Ca. 430-410.
P1.45 Kylix L-31-9-94. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. 0.012; Est.D. (rim)0.090. 10YR 8/2 to 7/1 (misfired).Single fragment preservespart of rim and outer floor.
Shallow body beveled to flaring, concave rim. Black band below bevel. Large black buds on exterior of rim. Interior of rim black. Red circumferenceband on floor,blackline, then reservedto break. Ca. 430-410. 718.
P1.45 Kylix L-31-9-95. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. (without handle) 0.015; Est.D. (rim) 0.090. 7.5YR 8/4. Single fragment preserves part of outer floor, part of rim, and one handle.
Shallow bowl curves up to flaring, concave rim. Diagonally placed loop handle. Black band below junction with rim. Black buds on exterior of rim. Handle tip black. Interior of rim black, then red band at junction with floor continuing on circumferenceof floor, as far as preserved. Ca. 430-410. 719.
P1.45 Kylix L-31-9-96. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. P.H. (without handle) 0.014; Est.D. (rim) 0.090. 10YR 8/3. Single fragment preservespart of outer floor, rim, and stump of diagonal loop handle.
Shallowbowl beveled to flaring,concaverim.Blackband below bevel. Blackblob buds on exterior of rim. Interiorof rim black. Junction with floor reserved. Floor red, as far as preserved. Ca. 430-410.
P1.45 Kylix L-31-9-93. Potters' Quarter, Road Deposit. PH. (without handle) 0.012; Est.D. (rim) 0.080. 2.5Y 8/2 to 10YR 8/2. Single fragment preservesall of one handle and part of rim and outer floor.
716.
VasesElsewhere Pyxis London, British Museum E814 (1873.9-15.8). Powder pyxis said to be from Tanagra. Walters 1896, p. 385, pl. XXI; Wide 1901, p. 145; Pfuhl 1923, pp. 714-715, no. 611, pl. 248; Corbett 1949, p. 333; Ure 1968, pp. 140, 141, note 7; CorinthXV, iii, p. 368, no. 10; CorVP,pp. 275, 330, 631-632, no. 1; Higgins 1986, p. 55, no. 52. Herakles at fountain. Reading 47.6.2. Powder pyxis. CVA,Reading 1 [Great Britain 12], pl. 16 [543]:4a-c; Ure 1949, figs. 2a, 3; Ure 1952; Ure 1955, pp. 228-229; Ure 1968, pp. 140, 141, note 8; Ure
1969; Rose 1952; Boardman 1970, p. 195; CorinthXV, iii, p. 368, no. 11; CorVP,p. 275, no. 2. God (Dionysos? Pan?) seated on a rock, wearing an animal skin. Pig or dog at his side. Athens, NationalMuseum 347. Powderpyxis.Pettazzoni 1909, p. 217; 1922, p. 507; Collignon and Couve 1902, no. 586; XV, iii, p. 370, note 7; Necrocorinthia, p. 333, no. 1515; Corinth CorinthXVIII, i, p. 134, note 18. Gorgon on lid, bands on body.
172
PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, AND GROUPS
Kylix Athens, National Museum El 183. Kylix. Ure 1968, pp. 140, 141, note 12; CorinthXV, iii, p. 370, note 1; CorVP,p. 276, no. 11. Figure describedby Ure as a warriorand by Stillwell as a woman. PerhapsAphrodite Ourania. Athens, National Museum 409. Kylix. Wide 1901, p. 146; Collignon and Couve 1902, no. 1119; Perrot and Chipiez 1914, pp. 43, 46, fig. 35; Ure 1968, pp. 140, 141, note 6; CorinthXV, iii, p. 368, no. 4; CorVP,p. 275, no. 6. Herakles with lionskinover arm, club in one hand and bow and arrow in the other. Athens, National Museum 484. Kylix. Wide 1901, pp. 146147; Ure 1968, pp. 140, 141, note 9; Corinth XV, iii, p. 368, no. 6; CorVP,p. 276, no. 8. Youth wearing pilos and using slingshot. Athens, National Museum. Kylix. Perachora II, p. 278, no. 2702, pl. 23; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 164, no. 64; Corinth XV, iii, p. 370, note 1; CorVP,p. 276, no. 20. Hare. Athens, National Museum. Kylix. Perachora II, p. 278, no. 2701, pl. 114. Lotus. Athens, Goulandris Museum of Cycladic and Ancient Greek Art no. col. 30. Kylix. Marangou 1996, p. 99, no. 141; Doumas and Marangou 1978, p. 266, no. 141; 1980, pp. 151, 213, no. 187. Shape misidentified as plate. Nude male. London, British Museum E813 (1873.9-15.9). Kylix from Tanagra.Walters 1896, p. 385, pl. XXI; Wide 1901, pp. 144145; Pfuhl 1923, p. 715, no. 612, pl. 248; Lane 1949, p. 57, pl. 95:a; Sparkes 1960, pp. 206-207, fig. 10; Ure 1968, XV, iii, p. 368, no. 1; Higgins pp. 140, 141, note 10; Corinth
1986, p. 55, no. 51; CorVP,pp. 275-276, 330, no. 7. Girl playing kottabos, bird in basin, possibly perirrhanterion. London, British Museum 1969.12-15.2. Kylix. Cook 1972, XV, iii, p. 370, note 1; CorVP,pp. 275, pp. 113-115; Corinth 330, no. 4. Artemis and dog at altar. Artemis carries bow in one hand, torch in the other. Cook points out that style of dog supportsBoardman'sidentificationof animal on the Reading pyxis as a dog rather than a pig.104 Oxford, on loan from private collection. Kylix. Ure 1968, XV, iii, p. 370, p. 140; Boardman 1970; Brown 1974; Corinth note 1; CorinthXVIII, i, p. 135, note 22; CorVP,p. 276, no. 10. Oedipus and masturbatingsphinx. Oedipus wears a petasos and a chlamys.Brown suggeststhat the figuresare caricaturesof Brasidasand Cleon. Reading 47.8.1. Kylix. Ure 1949, p. 19; CVA,Reading 1 [Great Britain 12], pl. 16 [543]:5; CorinthXV, iii, p. 368, no. 3; CorVP,p. 275, no. 5. Herakles with club and bow. Reading 64.7.1. Kylix. Ure 1968, p. 140, pl. VI:d; Corinth XV iii, p. 370, note 1; CorVP,p. 275, no. 3. Woman with thymiaterion. Reading 87.35/11. Kylix. CVA,Reading 1 [Great Britain 12], pl. 16 [543]:6; Ure 1949, fig. 4; Ure 1968, pp. 140, 141, note 13; Corinth XV, iii, p. 370, note 6; CorVP,p. 276, no. 12. Lotus. St. Petersburg, Hermitage B3138. Kylix. Ure 1949, fig. 5; CRPetersb 1901, p. 131, fig. 229; Boriskovskaia1973, pp. 40Ure 42; XV, iii, p. 368, 1968, pp. 140, 141, note 11; Corinth no. 2; CorVP,p. 276, no. 9. Centaur and tortoise.
Plate Athens, National Museum 5825 (old number 537). Plate. Collignon and Couve 1902, no. 1120; Perrotand Chipiez 1914, pp. 43, 46, fig. 36; Wide 1901, pp. 147-148; Harrison 1903, pp. 274-275; Pfuhl 1923, p. 715; Richter 1926, pp. 7-8,
104 Cook 1972, p. 114; see also Boardman 1970, 195. p.
fig. 7; Callipolitis-Feytmans1962, p. 163, no. 60, pl. VI; Metzger 1965, p. 27, pl. IX, 1; Ure 1968, pp. 140, 141, note 4; Stroud 1968, p. 303; Corinth XV, iii, p. 368, no. 12; CorVP,p. 276, no. 14. Demeter on throne.
VI SHAPES AND CONTEXTS EVIDENCE FOR LOCAL USE AND SYSTEMATIC EXPORT C
ORINTHIAN CONVENTIONALIZING POTTERY has often been described in disparaging terms. Modern scholars judge the ware to be poor, dull, and degenerate, especially in comparison to Attic pottery of the same period. The inferiority of Corinthian black-glazed ware to its glossy Attic counterpart is offered as an explanation for the development of non-Atticizing Corinthian styles, such as Conventionalizing, which use the glaze sparingly.2 Benson suggests that Conventionalizing pottery developed as a result of mass production of Corinthian finewares, which led first to an entrepreneurial preference for fast workers over good artists, and ultimately to the decline of the pottery industry at Corinth: "Inspiration dried up at the source as the merely competent painters became bored with their routine tasks, while their hangers-on were such a shifting, unsteady lot that they could not survive alone."3 Yet the production of painted, decorated finewares did survive through the Archaic and Classical periods. Payne noted that after the mid 6th century, "the Corinthian industry continued to produce vases on a considerable scale ... but these are almost invariably decorated with patterns."4 Conventionalizing pottery has been found in all areas of the Corinth excavations, in domestic, funerary, and religious contexts (see Table 2).5 Some shapes, such as pyxides, are commonly found throughout the site in a variety of contexts. Conventionalizing pyxides frequently appear in association with stele shrines, and while relatively few of the pyxides from the Demeter sanctuary are Conventionalizing, the shape itself is common there.6 Lekanides, which fulfilled much the same function as pyxides, are found in domestic and funerary contexts, and pyxides are common in these contexts too. Likewise, excavations of graves, stele shrines, and major sanctuaries have yielded numerous kotylai, but kotylai are also common in domestic deposits.7 Phialai, as expected, turn up in cemeteries, sanctuaries, and shrines, but they are also found among household rubbish, suggesting that they were probably used for domestic rituals as well. Conventionalizing vases are commonly regarded as votives, and while such statements are overgeneralizations, some shapes indeed seem to have been produced exclusively for this purpose. Kalathiskoi are nearly always associated with the Demeter sanctuary or with the Potters' Quarter, where they were probably being manufactured for sale to dedicants. Exceptionally large oinochoai may have been special to sanctuaries as well, as the only examples of this shape found in good contexts are from the Demeter sanctuary.8 Conventionalizing plates are most commonly found in sanctuaries and shrines and are often found together with kotylai. Small kotylai are typically found in especially large numbers in religious contexts.9 Evidence for ritual dining at the Demeter sanctuary at Corinth and the Sanctuary of Hera Akraia at Perachora may explain this in part, but there is no independent evidence for See, for example, Corinth VII, i, pp. 83, 85. Arafat and Morgan 1989, p. 316. 3 Benson 1953, pp. 108-109; Benson 1985a, p. 18. For a discussionof "massproduction,"see Arafatand Morgan 1989, p. 323. 4 Necrocorinthia, pp. 59-60. 5 Table 2 is based on a study of inventoriedand uninventoried pottery recoveredduringthe American School of Classical Studies excavations at Corinth. 6 Corinth XVIII, i, pp. 57-59. 2
7 As CharlesK. Williams II has pointed out (pers. comm.), some of the examples found in domestic contexts may have been for cult use. Notable examples are 200, 209, and 210. 8 505 was found in a late context, with Byzantine pottery. The context of the Merlin Painter'sname vase, a relatedshape, is unknown. 9 Many examples are discussed above. Many small and miniature kotylai are among the uninventoriedfinds from the Asklepieion.Also see Williams 1978a, pp. 62-63.
174
SHAPES AND CONTEXTS: EVIDENCE FOR LOCAL USE AND SYSTEMATIC EXPORT
-
oinochoe
I___
plate exaleiptron -hiale -,,_lekanis
omeiliiiilli Acompa thsoe Tk~aB~lE yekanis 2.
n
stic
, ofd!i iCo number rieprjese:int jvessels tional::izinigi
ei iiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
.,:. ........ss .......
century funerary,
century funerary, religious,
and domestic contexts listed in Chapter 2 religious,
and domestic
contexts
listed in Chapter
2
iiii-iii
i
EXPORTATION OFCORINTHIAN CONVENTIONALIZING POTTERY
175
such rituals in association with stele shrines. Furthermore, most of the plates and kotylai found in religious contexts are too small to have fulfilled any practical function, and their use must have been symbolic, perhaps as containers for small token offerings, if not as offerings themselves. Palmer and Bentz have already provided general discussions of Corinthian grave goods, including Conventionalizing pottery, in the Archaic and Classical periods.10 The Conventionalizing shapes most commonly found in graves are kotylai, pyxides, and lekanides. Used to offer libations at grave sites, those phialai that are associated with funerary deposits have generally been found outside rather than inside graves. Conventionalizing oinochoai are found only occasionally in graves; black-glazed versions were apparently preferred for funerary use. Some shapes seem to have been used primarily in domestic settings. Nearly all the exaleiptra found at Corinth were from domestic contexts. Conventionalizing oinochoai have been found in graves, sanctuaries, and shrines, but they too are predominately found in domestic deposits. Most of the oinochoai are quite small, with narrow necks and trefoil mouths. They may have functioned as aryballoi or lekythoi, that is, as containers for perfumed oils. 1l EXPORTATION OF CORINTHIAN
CONVENTIONALIZING
POTTERY
It is sometimes maintained that exportation of Corinthian pottery ceased by the mid 6th century. Benson, for example, states that, "the Corinthian ceramic industry tended to turn local after Late Corinthian I and developed patterned wares as a mainstay."12 Although exportation decreased dramatically from Orientalizing and Early Archaic levels, Corinthian pottery exports did continue well beyond the transition to Conventionalizing wares. These vases are found not only at other mainland Greek sites but also on distant shores. Conventionalizing wares of Corinthian manufacture have been found at sites as far ranging as Histria on the Black Sea, Kourion on Cyprus, Naukratis in Egypt, Carthage on the northern coast of Africa, Emporion in southern Spain, Marseille in southern France, and Spina in northeastern Italy.13 Some Conventionalizing vessel types are not often attested outside Corinth, but the reasons for this are probably specific to the vessel forms. Production of kana, kantharoi, and thymiateria appears to have been low at Corinth, so the lack of finds beyond the Corinthia is to be expected. Corinthian Conventionalizing kalathiskoi, on the other hand, are abundant at Corinth but otherwise rare. At Corinth, these kalathiskoi are found primarily in the vicinity of production centers and at the Demeter sanctuary. They were apparently produced for a specialized local market. Corinthian Conventionalizing kotylai have frequently been found at non-Corinthian sanctuaries. Examples have turned up in excavations of the Sanctuary of Artemis Ortheia at Sparta.14 Miniature versions were a common dedication at the Sanctuary of Artemis and Apollo at Kalapodi, and full-sized versions were also found.15 Votives from the Demeter sanctuary at Tocra likewise included numerous small and miniature Corinthian Conventionalizing kotylai.l6 Such kotylai are particularly common in votive deposits in western Greek sanctuaries.17 Conventionalizing imports from Corinth are most commonly associated with graves. Kotylai are common, but other shapes are found as well. For example, numerous exaleiptra are on display in Sicilian and South Italian museums. Of those for which proveniences are listed, nearly all are 10 Corinth XIII, pp. 78-86; Bentz 1982, pp. 169-172. See also Rafn 1991 for a discussion of grave goods at Halieis. 11 Bentz 1982, p. 39. See also p. 102 above. 12 Benson 1985a, p. 18; Salmon (1984, p. 102) presents a vivid image of craftsmen in the Potters' Quarter hurling into the street hundreds of pots that could not compete with Attic black-figure. 13 Boucher 1953, p. 24, nos. 69-73, pp. 27-28, nos. 95108, pls. IX, XIV, XV; Bouzek 1990, pp. 38-39; Gauckler 1915, p. 246, pl. CLXI; Gjerstad 1977, p. 42, pl. XXIX:4;
HistriaIV, nos. 265 and 274; Trias 1967, pp. 33-36, pls. II, XV; Villard 1960, p. 15, pl. 1. 14 CVA, Cambridge 1 [Great Britain 6], pl. 6:34, 35; CVA, Oxford 2 [Great Britain 9], pl. 4:12, 14. 15 KalapodiI, pp. 228-229, 261-267, pls. 52, 56, 57. 16 TocraI, pp. 24-26; TocraII, pp. 9-15. 17 CVA,Gela II [Italy 53], IIIc, pp. 14-17; Neeft 1995, pp. 371-372; Dehl-von Kaenel 1995b, pp. 348, 360-361. See also Lo Porto 1974, pp. 420-421, for Western imitations in votive contexts.
176
SHAPES AND CONTEXTS: EVIDENCE FOR LOCAL USE AND SYSTEMATIC EXPORT
said to be from funerarycontexts. CorinthianConventionalizingexaleiptra and kotylaihave been found in many of the 6th- and 5th-century Thracian graves at Sindos.18Kotylai and pyxides are the most common Corinthian imports found in Boeotian tombs.19Some grave groups at Spina, an Etruscan site, include Conventionalizing convex pyxides from Corinth.20 Conventionalizing imports are also found in tombs in South Italy. For example, Conventionalizing oinochoai were found in a cemetery at Rutagliano, and one tomb contained three of them.21 Furthermore,imitations of Corinthian Conventionalizing wares have been found in cemeteries at South Italian sites, such as Amendolara, Banzi, and Metaponto.22 Many grave groups from Archaic and Classical cemeteries in Sicily include one or more
Corinthian Conventionalizing imports. Among the grave goods found during excavations of the Pezzino cemetery at Agrigento are numerous Corinthian Conventionalizingpyxides, kotylai, and exaleiptra, as well as local imitations of the same.23 Kotylai and pyxides are also prominent in grave groups from Megara Hyblaea.24 In addition to these shapes, small oil containers, such as aryballoi and oinochoai, are common among the grave goods at Morgantina.25 Corinthian Conventionalizing imports in the West appear to have been limited in form and function to vessels deemed appropriate for funerary use. Some of the shapes are also common in
sanctuaries. The phiale, exaleiptra, and kotylai (several of them miniatures) found in a household well at Kamarina suggest a domestic cult.26 These findspots may support arguments that the shapes were imported for uses more symbolic than practical, but conclusions should be drawn with caution.27 As Munn has pointed out, the modern preference for complete vessels may skew the evidence, since pots used as grave goods are most likely to be found whole, and are consequently most likely to be displayed in museums.28 Clearly, the Corinthians continued to export pottery well beyond the middle of the 6th century B.C.29 Most of the Corinthian
Conventionalizing
vases found in non-Corinthian
contexts
are datable to the 6th or 5th century, to a time for which independent evidence suggests that Corinthian trade was flourishing in general.30 In the West, local imitations of Corinthian Conventionalizing
pottery were even produced,
further attesting the continued
popularity of Corin-
thian finewares through the 5th century. Munn notes that imitations of non-Conventionalizing Corinthian finewares are produced in regions of Sicily in which Corinthian imports are meager.31 Imitations of Conventionalizing
pottery, on the other hand, are often found at the same sites as
the originals. Corinthian Conventionalizing imports apparently served as a stimulus to the development of local pottery styles in the West. Dunbabin was the first to suggest that Paestan A patterned wares developed through the imitation of Corinthian wares.32 It has been suggested that Corinthian imports stopped in the middle of the 6th century due to a loss of foreign markets to Attic competiSindos,pp. 43, 57-58, 134-135, 158-159, 222-225, 248249, 252-254, 278-279, 286-289, 296-297, 304-306, 310311. 19 See esp. Ure 1913, pl. XI:1; Ure 1927, pls. VIII, XII (Rhitsona); Andreiomenou 1994, pp. 177, 187, 205, 225 (Akraiphia). 20 For further discussion, see pp. 40, note 13, 42, 44, and 159 above, and Munn 1983, pp. 155-157. 21 Lo Porto 1977, esp. pp. 742-743, pl. CXV 22 La Geniere and Pierobon 1980, pp. 382-383; Bottini 1987, pp. 7-8, fig. 9; Metaponto, p. 602. For a study of earlier imitation Corinthian pottery, see Neeft 1996. Maruggi (1990) suggests that imitation Corinthian exaleiptra in the Chini collection were found in graves in Magna Graecia. 23 For examples, see De Miro et al. 1988. See also Cilia 1980-1981, pp. 617-618, fig. 2, pl. XCV (Cozzo Matrice); Di Vita 1951, esp. pp. 342-345 (tomb 9), 359-360 (Comiso); 18
Orlandini and Adamesteanu 1956, p. 309-311 (Gela); Orlandini 1978, p. 98, figs. 44, 45 (Gela); Dominguez 1989, pp. 239-240. 24 Orsi and Cavallari 1892, esp. cols. 851-901; Gentili 1954; Agnello 1949, pp. 193-195. 25 V, pp. 38-45. Lyons 1983, pp. 63-72; Morgantina 26 Lentini 1983, esp. pp. 7-11, 27-28. 27 Arafat and Morgan 1989, pp. 335-336. 28 Munn 1983, pp. 224-225, note 10. 29 For further discussion, see Arafat and Morgan 1989, CorinthXIII, p. 123; Heisserer 1986, p. 52(Gunn); 336-341; pp. Munn 1983, pp. 149-169. 30 Munn 1983, pp. 213, 313-367. 31 Munn 1983, p. 168.
32
Dunbabin 1948, p. 263. Dunbabin's idea is widely accepted, but his dating is not. See Greco 1981, p. 57, and Menard 1990, p. 409.
EXPORTATION OF CORINTHIAN CONVENTIONALIZING POTTERY
177
tion, and local Paestan workshops filled a resultant gap.33 Corinthian Conventionalizing vases, however, continued
to be imported to Paestum after the middle of the 6th century. Many of the
fragments appear to be contemporary with Paestan patterned wares, not earlier than them. The lotus kotylai, for example, are related to the Corinth BK Workshop, if not products of it.34 They date to the third quarter of the 6th century, coinciding
with rather than predating
the rise of
Paestum A patterned wares. The view that Corinthian Conventionalizing pottery is too aesthetically unappealing to have been a serious factor in ancient trade is being reassessed. The ware was not only imported but
even imitated by people far from Corinth. Though they may appear austere in comparison to earlier Corinthian or contemporary Attic work, many Conventionalizing vases are well made and handsomely decorated. Moreover, excavations since JNecrocorinthiawas written have yielded
quantities of the sorts of vases of which the name vase of the Merlin Painter and the Berlin pyxis gave only a hint.35 The vase painters of the Vrysoula Workshop and the Sam Wide Group produced numerous, fine, figured vases, and 4th-century figured work is also known. Never obsequious imitations of other wares, these vases attest the skill, inventiveness, and independent spirit of the craftsmen working in the Corinthian 33 Menard 1990, p. 410. 34 Menard 1990, pp. 137-138, nos. 106-108, pl. XIV
ceramic industry. 35 Necrocorinthia, p. 332, no. 1503a (Berlin pyxis); p. 337, no. 1553 (Merlinvase).
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CONCORDANCE I Numbers in bold refer to catalogue entries.
C-31-170 C-31-174 C-31-181 C-33-1482 C-34-991 C-34-992 C-34-993 C-34-994 C-34-995 C-34-996 C-34-997 C-34-998 C-34-1000 C-34-1001 C-34-1002 C-34-1004 C-34-1006 C-34-1007 C-34-1008 C-34-1009 C-34-1010 C-34-1014 C-34-1158a-b C-34-1159 C-34-1162 C-34-1164a C-34-1165 C-34-1167 C-34-1169 C-34-1170 C-34-1171a-c C-34-1174 C-34-1175
403: 8, 104 48: 8, 43, 44-45, 153 282: 8,82 610: 141-142 377: 9, 99 378: 9, 99, 100 379: 9, 100 380: 9, 100 411: 9, 103, 105 406: 9, 104, 105 410: 9, 105 436: 9, 108 437: 9, 32, 108 439: 9,108-109 448: 9, 110 2833 95: 9, 53 235: 9, 74 170: 9, 65, 148 216: 9, 71 215: 9, 71 586: 9, 134 171: 9, 65 268: 9,30,80 269: 9,80 405: 9, 32, 104, 105 2724, 2726, 128107 70: 9, 48 7: 9,36 412: 9, 104, 105, 108 599: 9, 136 169:9,65 413: 9, 105
C-34-1177
2725
C-34-1179 C-34-1180a-c C-34-1182 C-34-1183 C-34-1184 C-34-1186 C-34-1187 C-34-1189a-b C-34-1190 C-34-1191 C-36-371 C-36-1124 C-36-1125
2937 64:9, 47,94 416: 9, 106 415: 9, 105-106 414: 9, 104, 105 417: 9, 29, 106 449: 9,32, 110 572: 9, 132 573: 9, 132 574:9, 132 513: 10, 119, 120 669: 9, 39, 159 451: 9, 110
C-37-192bis C-37-194 C-37-195 C-37-196 C-37-201 C-37-520 C-37-596 C-37-943 C-37-950 C-37-952 C-37-987 C-37-1008 C-37-1035 C-37-1043 C-37-1049 C-37-1062 C-37-1063a-c C-37-1073 C-37-2460 C-37-2461 C-37-2465 C-37-2466 C-37-2468b C-37-2598 C-37-2980
384: 9, 101 86: 9, 51 89: 9, 52 248: 9, 76 88: 9, 52 65: 9, 29, 38, 47 8 182: 8, 54, 67 195: 8, 69 134: 8,61 372: 8, 25, 97, 99 297: 8,83,84 320: 8, 88, 90 137: 8,61 373: 8,97,99 183: 8,54,67 138: 8,61 51: 8, 43, 44, 45, 46 369: 8, 98 371: 8,97,99 196: 8, 3156, 55, 69 143: 8, 62 74: 8, 49 98: 9, 52, 53 613: 141, 142
C-39-23
5546
C-39-25 C-39-158 C-39-159 C-39-160 C-39-162 C-39-218 C-39-219 C-39-220 C-39-222 C-39-226 C-39-227 C-39-229 C-39-233 C-39-236 C-39-259 C-39-287a-f C-39-297 C-39-306 C-39-310 C-39-314a-b C-40-17
154 161: 8, 64 108: 8, 58 123: 8,54,60 111: 8,58 199: 8,69 194: 8,69 193: 8, 69 145: 8, 62 258: 8, 76, 78 271: 8, 80 397: 8, 103 91: 8, 52 221: 8, 72 44: 8, 43, 44 181: 8, 54, 67 204: 8, 70 230: 8, 74 483: 8, 112, 115 47: 8,44 464: 10, 108, 111
CONCORDANCE I
188 C-40-338 C-40-473 C-47-168 C-47-172 C-47-173 C-47-181 C-47-182a-b C-47-209 C-47-487 C-47-488 C-47-489 C-47-490 C-47-491 C-47-492 C-47-523 C-47-524 C-47-573 C-47-574 C-47-650 C-47-651 C-47-653 C-47-657 C-47-658 C-47-703 C-47-704 C-47-722 C-47-723 C-47-724 C-47-729 C-47-733 C-47-734 C-47-735 C-50-46 C-53-97 C-53-98a-c C-53-131 C-53-150 C-53-202 C-53-209 C-59-63 C-60-117
645: 8, 26-27, 150 611: 141,142 223: 8, 73 3: 8,35 398: 8, 103 136:8,61 135: 8,61 8 614: 7,54,6751, 143 615: 7, 25, 54, 6751, 142, 143 616: 7,54,6751, 143 617: 7, 54, 6751, 143-144 618: 7,54,6751, 144 619: 7, 54, 6751, 144 109: 7, 58 110: 7, 58 620: 7, 54, 6751, 142, 144-145 621: 7, 54, 6751, 142, 145 188: 7, 68 189: 7,68 192: 7, 69 190: 7, 68 118: 7, 59 257: 7, 78 256: 7, 76, 78 367: 7, 97, 98 362: 7, 97, 98 363: 7, 97, 98 663: 7,31, 156 5236 101: 7, 53 45: 7, 39, 43, 44, 128, 153 232 92: 7, 52, 5235 93: 7, 52 364: 7,32,98 191: 7, 69 43: 7, 43, 44 253: 7, 77 33 3153
C-60-120 C-60-121 C-60-125 C-60-126
4830
11894 4934 4934
C-60-127 C-60-253 C-61-156 C-61-162 C-61-163 C-61-202 C-61-203 C-61-234 C-61-241 C-61-256 C-61-259 C-61-281 C-61-395
4934 41: 9, 43 74 222: 19, 72-73 220: 19, 72 495: 19,30, 112, 116, 118 512: 19, 119, 120 491: 19, 116 646: 19, 150, 153 509: 19, 119-120 124: 19, 54, 60, 67 249: 19, 76 245: 9, 75
C-61-396 C-61-460 C-62-296 C-63-473 C-64-36a-b C-64-48 C-64-77 C-64-95 C-64-97 C-64-98 C-64-99 C-64-100 C-64-101 C-64-102 C-64-103 C-64-114 C-64-115 C-64-116 C-64-117 C-64-118 C-64-119 C-64-123 C-64-124 C-64-125 C-64-127 C-64-145 C-64-148 C-64-149 C-64-150 C-64-152 C-64-162 C-64-163 C-64-164 C-64-165 C-64-166 C-64-167 C-64-168 C-64-169 C-64-170 C-64-176 C-64-177 C-64-178 C-64-179 C-64-180 C-64-191 C-64-208 C-64-219 C-64-225 C-64-249 C-64-250 C-64-251 C-64-252 C-64-253 C-64-254 C-64-257 C-64-267 C-64-268 C-64-270
246: 9, 75 506: 19, 102, 118 343: 19, 94 399: 19, 103 647: 19, 89, 150 330: 19, 92 709: 19, 170 589: 9,134-135 590: 9, 135 591: 9, 135 592: 9, 135 593: 9, 135 595: 9, 136 596: 9,136 597: 9, 136 273: 9,77,80-81 274: 9,77,81 291:9,82 292:9,82 309: 9, 84, 8467, 87, 88 310: 9, 84, 87, 88 311: 9, 87 312: 9, 21, 87 96: 9, 52, 53 313: 9, 25, 87, 150 515: 9, 119, 120, 121 355: 9, 89, 96 356: 9,96 357: 9, 89, 96 558: 9, 128, 129-130 521: 9, 122 531: 9, 123, 161 532: 9, 123, 161 526: 9, 122 523: 9, 122 528: 9, 123, 150 524: 9, 122 525: 9, 122, 161 533: 9, 123 473: 9, 113 478: 9, 114-115 488: 9, 30, 112, 115-116, 150 468: 9, 112-113 407: 9, 103, 104-105, 106, 107 554: 20, 128, 129 700: 19, 163, 165, 168-169 701: 19, 20, 163, 16488, 165, 169 702: 19, 163, 164, 169 453: 9, 110 422: 9,106,107, 149 486: 9, 106, 115, 149 485: 9, 27, 106, 115, 149 470: 9, 113, 150 471:9, 113 534: 9, 123 487: 9, 115 472: 9, 113 443: 9, 108, 109, 110
189
CONCORDANCEI
C-64-271 C-64-272 C-64-275 C-64-276 C-64-277 C-64-278 C-64-286 C-64-290 C-64-314 C-64-315 C-64-316 C-64-317 C-64-318 C-64-323 C-64-324 C-64-325 C-64-328 C-64-329 C-64-330 C-64-331 C-64-332a-b C-64-349 C-64-350 C-64-351 C-64-352 C-64-353 C-64-354 C-64-356 C-64-364 C-64-365 C-64-366 C-64-390 C-64-391
450: 9,110 446: 9, 33, 110 530: 9, 27, 123 527: 9,122-123 520: 9,122 236: 9, 74-75 16: 9, 37, 38 28: 9, 40, 41 381: 9, 100 66: 9,47 8: 9,36-37,131 173: 9,54,66,67 172: 9,54,66,149 535: 9,123 442: 9,26-27, 109 594: 9,135-136 522: 9, 122, 161 529: 9,123 29: 9, 40, 41 489: 9, 112, 116, 150 447: 9, 110 536: 9, 123-124 503: 9, 117-118 445: 9, 109 421: 9, 106, 115, 149, 15328 423: 9, 106-107, 149, 15328 424: 9, 106, 107, 149, 15328 444: 9, 109 467: 9,112 466: 9, 112 537: 9, 124 426: 9, 107 425: 9, 107, 15328
C-64-392
1320
C-64-396 C-64-407 C-64-476a-c
83:19,51,89 272: 19, 77, 80 673: 19, 20, 21, 29, 31, 89, 102, 158, 159-160 665: 20, 157 228: 8, 72, 74 359: 20, 96 676: 20, 7660, 163, 165 703: 20,89,163-164, 169 704: 20, 16488, 165, 169 334: 20, 92 651: 19, 20, 28, 31,150-151, 159 676: 20, 7660, 163, 165 277: 77,81 225: 8, 73 226: 8, 73 227: 8, 74 74 74 251: 20, 76 344: 20, 89, 94 63:47 460: 20, 110, 111 461: 20, 111
C-65-109 C-65-124 C-65-427 C-65-440/506 C-65-441 C-65-450 C-65-473 C-65-499a-c C-65-506/440 C-65-507 C-65-580 C-65-583 C-65-584 C-65-585 C-65-586 C-65-590 C-66-112 C-68-121 C-69-133 C-69-134
C-70-71a-b C-70-165 C-70-203 C-70-237 C-70-393 C-70-420 C-71-7 C-71-41 C-71-55 C-71-191 C-71-235 C-71-265 C-71-554 C-72-16 C-72-35 C-72-76 C-72-77 C-72-78 C-72-80 C-72-135a-b C-73-217 C-73-218 C-73-228 C-73-232a-b C-73-233 C-73-235 C-73-319 C-73-320 C-74-115 C-74-167 C-75-43 C-75-81 C-75-162 C-1978-127 C-1978-139 C-1982-49 C-1982-50 C-1982-51 C-1982-52
465: 21, 112 46 484: 21, 115 12:21,37-38 482: 21, 115 435: 8, 32, 108 94: 10, 53 505: 102, 118, 1738 99: 9,52,53 40:9, 40, 43, 42,43 542: 9, 125, 126 543:9, 125, 126 463: 9,111 612: 21, 141, 142 462: 21, 111 58:21,46 59:21,47 644:21,150 2938 375:21,28,99 244: 21,75 427: 21, 103, 107 452:21, 28, 110 383:21,100 562: 21, 130 17:21,38 705:163, 169 518:119, 121 541:125 254:21,77 490: 21, 112, 116, 150 650:21,150 280: 9,77,81 307: 21, 8467, 87 264: 21, 77, 79-80 200:22,69, 1737 209:22,71, 1737 210: 22, 71, 1737 581: 22, 133
CP-513 CP-586 CP-588 CP-589 CP-596 CP-597 CP-598 CP-599 CP-611 CP-635 CP-687 CP-723 CP-736
97:9,52,53 130:8,25,60-61 131: 8, 61 72: 8, 49 104: 7, 58 105: 7, 58 106: 7, 58 107: 7, 58 127: 7,54,60 49: 8, 45 317: 9, 84, 88 160: 8, 64 304: 8, 83, 84, 86
CP-989
675:7660,
CP-992 CP-2029 CP-2145 CP-2258
1218 266: 80 208: 8, 70 115: 7, 54, 5441, 59
163, 165
CONCORDANCE I
190 CP-2259
5: 7, 36
CP-2371 CP-2394 CP-2448
545 546 437 1218
CP-2612 CP-3185
649: 150
KL-123
17
KN-3
1406
KP-115 KP-116 KP-117 KP-118 KP-120 KP-123 KP-124 KP-125 KP-126 KP-129 KP-131 KP-132 KP-134 KP-137 KP-138 KP-141 KP-143 KP-147 KP-149 KP-151 KP-153 KP-155 KP-158 KP-159 KP-160 KP-201 KP-203 KP-225 KP-226 KP-233 KP-270 KP-300 KP-301 KP-302 KP-303 KP-304 KP-316 KP-353 KP-532 KP-533 KP-535 KP-536 KP-540 KP-541 KP-543 KP-545 KP-547
400: 16, 103 477: 16, 114 14, 1434 418: 16, 104, 105, 106 16 432: 17, 104, 105, 107 502:16, 102, 117 402: 16, 103-104 469: 16, 112, 113, 114 50: 16,32,45 80:15,51,91 347: 14, 31, 95, 159 259:13,78 441: 16,109 82:18,51 557: 16, 128, 129 563: 14, 27, 128, 130 4:14, 35-36 658:16,154, 155 26: 16, 40,41 16 519: 15, 30, 121-122 3911 338: 16,23,93 335: 16,93 368: 15,98 493: 13,27, 116 179: 17, 54-55, 66 565: 17, 128, 130, 131 327: 13,29,89,91-92 481: 15, 115 18 18 18 18 18 602: 15, 29, 134, 136, 162 178: 16,54, 66, 67 162: 16, 64 163: 16, 64 164: 16, 64 166: 16, 64, 149 144: 16,62 139: 16, 61-62 152: 16, 62, 63, 146, 147 476: 16, 112, 114 404: 16, 104, 105
KP-551 KP-670 KP-677 KP-690 KP-691 KP-698 KP-699 KP-716 KP-720 KP-722 KP-723 KP-745 KP-761 KP-762 KP-797 KP-863 KP-864 KP-900 KP-907 KP-935 KP-941 KP-943
260: 16,76,58 100:17,53 17 419: 14, 104, 105, 106 566:17,128,130-131 180: 17, 54-55,66 567: 17, 128, 130, 131 454: 15, 110 433:15,103,105, 108 14 140: 14, 62 458:16, 111 568: 18, 131 116: 18,59 420:18,104, 105, 106 153 153 475:15,113 511: 18,119, 120 517: 17, 121 121: 18, 27, 59, 60 119:18,59
KP-989
165103
KP-1018 KP-1023 KP-1027 KP-1028 KP-1029 KP-1038 KP-1039 KP-1040 KP-1041 KP-1042 KP-1043 KP-1044 KP-1045 KP-1046 KP-1047 KP-1 149 KP-1153 KP-1154 KP-1167 KP-1168 KP-1170 KP-1217 KP-1224 KP-1225 KP-1226 KP-1329 KP-1332 KP-1406 KP-1409 KP-1411 KP-1412 KP-1413 KP-1414 KP-1432 KP-1436
564:16,,128, 130 374:16,99 18 18 18 626: 16, 145, 146 352:16,95-96 627: 16,145, 146 345:16, 94 606: 16,89,92, 140 632: 16, 145, 147 16 587: 16, 134, 162 638: 16, 148 122: 18,27,59-60 52:16,30,45 677: 17, 7660, 16275, 163, 165-166 678: 16, 7660, 16382, 166 47 655: 15, 152 674:16, 160 184: 13,54,67 706: 16, 89, 162, 16488, 169 679: 16, 7660, 164, 166 341: 13, 93 218: 16,72 14, 1434 16 656: 13, 152 474: 13,113 479: 13, 115 27 30: 16, 41 321: 16, 28, 29, 90 324: 16, 88, 91
CONCORDANCEI
KP-1441 KP-1442a-c KP-1459 KP-1460 KP-1519 KP-1520 KP-1543 KP-1544 KP-1545 KP-1555 KP-1556 KP-1559 KP-1560 KP-1561a-b KP-1582 KP-1603 KP-1604 KP-1622 KP-1623 KP-1624 KP-1625 KP-1628 KP-1629 KP-1630 KP-1648 KP-1681 KP-1735 KP-1748 KP-1758 KP-1783 KP-1812 KP-1825 KP-1880a-b KP-1905
329: 16,92 382:16, 100 84:16, 51 85: 16, 51 30 434: 16,32, 108 207:16,64,70 633: 16, 145, 148 662: 16, 154, 155 654: 16,1407, 151,152 601: 16,134, 136, 162 2941 666: 13,27, 157 667: 16, 27, 157-158 366: 16,27,98 455: 16, 108, 111 668: 16,159 680: 16, 7660, 164, 166 681: 16, 7660, 161, 164, 166, 167 682: 16, 7660, 164, 167 683: 16, 7660, 161, 167 265: 16,80 261: 16, 78 276: 16,77, 81 1658 365: 16,98 336: 9, 89,93 623: 16, 145, 146 27 370: 15,98-99 634: 16, 145, 148 639: 16,145,148-149 2:16, 35 186:16,26,54, 67,68
KP-1907a-c
684:16,
KP-1913 KP-1919 KP-1920 KP-1963 KP-1992 KP-1993 KP-1994 KP-1995 KP-1996 KP-1997 KP-2009 KP-2020 KP-2023 KP-2109 KP-2151 KP-2230
32 555:16,128, 129 559: 16,128, 130 640: 16,148 318:16,88,90 325:16,91 319: 16,88, 90 323:16,90 346:16,95 14 19: 16, 39 46:16, 44 229:16, 74 2831 4 699: 164, 168
KP-2233
685: 13, 7660, 167
KP-2237 KP-2240 KP-2250 KP-2300 KP-2313 KP-2314
1:13, 35 331:13,92 36: 9, 42 628: 16, 145, 146-147 657: 15, 152, 153 652: 15, 46, 1407, 141, 151, 152
7660, 167
191
KP-2346 KP-2348a-b KP-2358 KP-2360 KP-2361a-b KP-2362 KP-2363 KP-2364 KP-2391 KP-2392 KP-2395 KP-2415 KP-2416 KP-2417 KP-2420 KP-2423 KP-2424 KP-2426 KP-2427 KP-2428 KP-2429 KP-2430 KP-2431 KP-2432a-c KP-2433 KP-2435a-e KP-2443 KP-2444 KP-2448 KP-2457 KP-2460a-b KP-2483 KP-2484 KP-2490 KP-2495 KP-2496 KP-2499a-e KP-2532 KP-2549 KP-2550 KP-2552a-c KP-2555 KP-2562 KP-2564 KP-2570 KP-2571 KP-2592a-c KP-2593 KP-2594 KP-2596 KP-2598 KP-2601 KP-2602 KP-2786
315: 14, 84, 88 653: 15, 29, 46, 1407, 141, 151, 152 293: 13, 83, 150 608: 17, 28, 32, 46, 140, 141 609: 17, 28, 32, 140,141 149:16,63 150: 16,55,63 337: 17,31,89,93 552: 127, 128 430:29, 107 107 57:16, 46, 152 67:16, 47-48, 150 154 659: 16, 39, 154, 155 154 670: 16,158, 159 438: 16,29, 108 154 30 671: 16, 158,159 396: 16, 27, 30, 103 177:16,66 168:16,65 30 185: 16, 54, 67-68 126: 18,60,67 409: 18,105 510: 18, 120 561: 18, 130 431: 18, 107a-b 456: 15, 111 428: 15, 103,107 13: 15, 38 514:15, 120 459: 15, 111 600: 15, 136 390: 17, 27,97,101,128 42:17,43 538: 17, 121, 124 648: 17,102,150 10:13,37 607: 14, 89, 92, 140 598: 14,136 262: 16,77,79 588: 16, 134 660: 16, 154, 155 661: 16, 154, 155 480: 16, 113, 115,152 440: 16, 109 457: 16, 111 664: 13,99, 157 27 708: 16,170
KV-184 KV-185 KV-187
575: 16, 132 576: 16, 132 582: 16, 131, 133
CONCORDANCE I
192 KV-188 KV-194 KV-215 KV-216 KV-217 KV-218 KV-219 KV-221 KV-233 KV-243 KV-245 KV-246 KV-266 KV-376 KV-379 KV-389 KV-396 KV-398 KV-402 KV-411 KV-412 KV-420 KV-474 KV-475 KV-478 KV-479 KV-480 KV-508 KV-510 KV-518 KV-524 KV-536 KV-544 KV-545 KV-546 KV-548 KV-551 KV-553 KV-554 KV-556 KV-562 KV-563 KV-568 KV-580 KV-582 KV-584 KV-595 KV-596 KV-599 KV-600 KV-603 KV-609 KV-610 KV-613 KV-628 KV-635 KV-636 KV-641
577:16,132-133 354:16, 33, 96 284: 16,82 286:16,82 287:16,82 288:16,82 289:16,82 285: 16,82 342: 16,93 361: 17,96 295: 17,83 296: 17,83 546: 18, 126 247: 15,75, 76 237: 15, 75 622:16,145, 146 174:16,54, 66 545: 18, 126 550: 16, 127 516: 16,121 499: 18, 32, 102, 117 496:16, 117 15: 37, 38 9:15, 37 20: 18, 39 21: 18, 39-40 22:18, 40 391: 15, 101 281: 16,81 294:15,83 326: 13, 89, 91 578: 15, 133 154: 16, 63 641:16,145, 149 556:16,128, 129 553: 16, 127, 128, 129 217: 18,71,72 579: 16, 133 544: 18, 126 242: 16, 75 24: 16, 39, 40 507:16,118 686: 16, 7660, 161, 164, 167 580: 16, 133 290: 16, 82 394: 16, 102 283: 14, 82 571: 16,131-132 332: 16, 89, 92 348: 16,89,95 333: 16, 89, 92 547: 18, 126 548: 18,126-127 549: 18, 127 219: 18, 72 131 131 234: 16, 74
KV-642 KV-643 KV-647 KV-649 KV-650 KV-689 KV-694 KV-695 KV-711 KV-717 KV-718 KV-719 KV-721 KV-724 KV-730 KV-731 KV-740 KV-741 KV-742 KV-745 KV-746 KV-750 KV-764 KV-765 KV-817 KV-824 KV-857 KV-866 KV-869 KV-900 KV-903 KV-913 KV-914 KV-916 KV-1000 KV-1002 KV-1005 KV-1007 KV-1010 KV-1012 KV-1043 KV-1044 KV-1045 KV-1049 KV-1055 KV-1071 KV-1146 KV-1147 KV-1210 KV-1219 KV-1233 KV-1248 KV-1256bis KV-1257 KV-1264 KV-1267 KV-1276 KV-1281
231: 16, 74 224:16,72, 73 240: 16, 75 241: 16, 75 232: 16, 74 151:14, 63 707: 13,163,164, 170 349: 14, 89, 95 157: 14,63-64 643:16,33,134, 145, 149 631: 16,145, 147 635: 16,145, 146, 148 145 201: 16, 69 624: 16,145, 146 642: 16,145, 149 636:16,145, 148 629:16,145, 147 625:16,145, 146 637: 16, 145, 148 630: 16,62,145,147 710: 16, 170 211: 14, 71 212: 14,71 159:16,64 23: 18, 40 339: 13,89,93 6:16, 36 711:18, 170 497:17, 117 504: 15, 102, 118 560:15, 128, 130 539: 15, 125 604: 15, 137 322: 16,90 353:15,96 169 392: 18,101 395: 102 393: 18,97, 101-102 605:17,134, 137 569:18,131 570: 15,131 255: 18,77-78 585: 17, 133 250: 17,76 202:17,70 203:17,70 583: 15, 133 551: 14,127 350: 18,89,95 351: 16,89,95 238: 15, 75 239: 15, 75 358:15, 96 584: 15, 133 603: 15, 134, 137 498:15, 117
193
I CONCORDANCE
KV-1294 KV-1311
175: 16,66 25: 15, 40
L-31-9-33 L-31-9-34
687: 16, 7660, 167 688: 16, 7660, 167
L-31-9-35 L-31-9-37 L-31-9-82 L-31-9-83 L-31-9-84 L-31-9-85
689: 690: 691: 692: 693: 712:
16, 7660, 164, 167 16, 7660, 164, 167-168 16, 7660, 164, 168 16, 7660, 164, 168 16, 7660, 164, 168 16, 170-171
L-75-38-1 L-75-38-2 L-75-45-1 L-75-240-1 L-75-241-3 L-75-241-4 L-78-98-28 L-1980-159-1 L-1980-167-1 L-1980-173-1
376:21,97,99 167: 21,65 243: 21, 75 263: 21,77,79 198: 21, 3156, 55, 69 328: 21,32,92 60: 21, 43,47 270: 22, 77, 80 408: 22, 105 206: 22, 54, 70, 148
L-31-9-86
694: 16, 7660, 168
MF-5658
10
L-31-9-87 L-31-9-88
713: 16, 171 714: 16, 171
MP-81
1219
L-31-9-89
695: 16, 7660, 168 696: 16, 7660, 168
T-687 T-716 T-1088 T-1136 T-1137 T-1138 T-1244 T-1245 T-1247 T-1248 T-1339 T-1340 T-1343 T-1344 T-1371 T-1377 T-1427 T-1453 T-1455 T-1456 T-1457 T-1459 T-1474 T-1492
308: 13, 2832, 84, 87, 88 205: 12,70 26 133:11,61 301: 11,83,86 75:11,50 11 11 11 302: 11, 83, 84, 86 13 13 13 316: 13, 84, 88 71:11,48 6856 14:12,37,38 5441,60 128: 11, 60,62 299: 11,29,83,85,86 11 11 11998 364
T-1508
4426
T-1548 T-1549 T-1563 T-1564 T-1637 T-1638 T-1662 T-1666 T-1667 T-1668 T-1670 T-1671 T-1672 T-1673 T-1674 T-1675 T-1678 T-1679
112: 10,58 113:10,59 10287 187: 10, 68 306: 12,84,86-87 155: 12,63 540: 12, 29, 125 11 303: 11,83,84,86 153: 11, 14, 54, 63, 146, 147 11 11 11 73:11, 48,49 158:11,64 142: 11,62, 148, 149 156: 12, 63, 146, 147, 148 79: 12, 32, 17, 38, 50
L-31-9-90 L-31-9-91
715: 16, 171
L-31-9-92
697: 16, 7660, 168
L-31-9-93 L-31-9-94 L-31-9-95 L-31-9-96 L-31-9-97 L-3521-2 L-37-2-1 la-b L-37-2-12 L-37-2-13 L-37-2-14 L-37-2-15 L-37-2-16 L-37-2-18 L-37-2-19a-d L-37-2-21 L-37-2-22 L-37-37-1 L-37-37-2 L-37-37-3 L-37-37-4 L-40-3-1 L-6362-1 L-6362-2 L-6362-4 L-6362-5 L-72-2-1 L-72-2-2 L-72-2-3 L-72-98-4 L-72-98-5 L-72-98-6 L-72-98-7 L-73-69-1 L-73-69-2 L-73-69-3 L-73-69-4 L-73-69-5 L-73-69-6 L-73-69-7 L-73-69-9
716: 16, 161, 171 717: 16, 171 718: 16, 161, 171 719: 16, 171 698: 16, 7660, 168 197: 20, 3156, 55, 69 389: 9, 97, 101 388: 9, 97, 101 387: 9, 33, 97, 101 386: 9, 97, 101 385: 9, 97, 101 35: 9, 42 279: 9, 77, 81 34: 9, 40, 42 69: 9, 48 494: 9, 112, 116 18: 9, 28, 37, 38 37: 9, 42 39: 9, 42-43 38: 9, 42 340: 8, 89, 93 672: 20, 158, 159 55: 20, 26, 29, 46 54: 20, 45-46 233: 20, 74 32:21,42 33: 21, 42 360: 21, 33, 90, 96 267: 21, 77, 80 61: 21, 30, 47 62:21, 47 27: 21, 38, 41 31: 21, 40, 42 429: 21, 107 68: 21, 32, 48 53: 21, 28, 43, 45 56: 21, 46 278: 21, 77, 81 176: 21, 54, 66 87: 21, 51-52
CONCORDANCE I
194 T-1680 T-1681 T-1685 T-1686 T-1760 T-1772 T-1786 T-1787 T-1802 T-1804 T-1805 T-1806 T-1807 T-1808 T-1809 T-1810 T-1811 T-1812 T-1813 T-1814 T-1815 T-1820 T-1821 T-1822 T-1823 T-1826 T-1845 T-1847 T-1848 T-1849 T-1850 T-1851 T-1852 T-1853 T-1854 T-2207 T-2826 T-2827 T-2828 T-2829 T-2831
1218 1218 1218 1218 146: 12,54,62, 146, 147 76: 12,28, 17,38,50 141: 12,55,62 77: 12,50 12 81: 12, 51 12 213: 12,71 12 12 214: 12, 71 12 12 12 12 12 12 78:12,50 12 12 305: 12,86 12 300: 12, 2830, 85-86 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 314: 10,26,84,88 117: 11,33,54,55,59 11 11 11 11
T-2833 T-2835 T-2866 T-2900 T-2902 T-2950 T-2951 T-2969 T-2980 T-2981 T-2983 T-2984 T-2985 T-2986 T-2987 T-2988 T-2991 T-2994 T-3038 T-3042 T-3051 T-3054 T-3056 T-3066 T-3068 T-3081 T-3098 T-3102 T-3176 T-3196 T-3202 T-3226 T-3237
120: 11,27, 59 11 26 401: 11, 32, 103, 104 125: 11,54,60 11 102: 11,31,54,55 129: 10, 60 11: 12,37,38 12, 1216 12 165:12,64 12, 1216 12 12 12 12 12 252: 11,77 103:11,55 500: 11,25,43, 102, 117 114: 11,59 4829 508: 10,25, 118, 119 501: 10,26, 102, 117 8366 132: 11,54,61 298: 11,83,84-85 364 10287 11998 3152 48
T-3244
11894
Well 1931-14-1 Well 1931-14-2 Well 1931-14-3 Well 1947-1-1 Well 1947-1-2
492: 9,116 90:9,52 275:9,77,81 148: 8,62 147: 8,62
CONCORDANCE II Corinth VII, v, with CorVP
Numbers in bold refer to catalogue entries. Corinth CorVP, VII, v number page, 188, A48
546
193, 9
2830
197, A3
546
CorVP, page, number 276, 20 276, 21 276, postscript 276, postscript
Corinth VII, v 165, 708, 675, 677,
172 16, 170 9, 7660, 163, 165 17, 7660, 16275, 163, 165-166
198, 1
2834
214, Al
547
276, postscript
678, 16, 7660, 166
259, A1 (lower) 265, A2 275, 1 275, 2 275, 3 275,4 275, 5 275, 6 275-276, 7 276, 8 276, 9 276, 10 276,11 276,12 276, 13
27-28 3154 161-162, 163,165,171 163-165, 171 162-163, 165, 172 162-164, 172 162-163, 165, 172 163,165, 172 161, 164-165, 172 162-164, 172 16166, 163, 172 161, 163-164, 172 172 164,172 686, 16, 7660, 161, 164, 167
276, postscript 276, postscript 276, postscript 276, postscript 276, postscript 276, postscript 277, 1 277, 2 277, 3 277, 4 277,5 277, 6 277,7
679, 16, 7660, 164, 166 681, 16, 766, 161, 164, 166, 167 682, 16, 7660, 164, 167 683, 16, 7660, 161,167 685, 13, 7660, 167 686, 16, 7660, 161, 164, 167 151 646, 19, 150, 153 521, 9, 122 531, 9, 123, 161 473,9,113 478, 9, 114-115 651, 25, 29, 118(505), 149, 151,
276, 14
3365, 162-165, 172
354, 12bis 354, 12ter 473, 1 473, 2 473, 3 474 604-605, pinax A
705, 163, 169 703, 20, 89, 163-164, 169 158 158 158 156-158 131109
276, 276, 276, 276, 276,
15 16 17 18 19
700, 702, 701, 707, 706,
19,163,165,168-169 19,163-164,169 19, 20, 163, 16488, 165, 169 13,163-164, 170 16, 89, 162, 16488, 169
1738, 177
CONCORDANCE III Corinth VII, v with Jecrocorinthia
Numbers in bold refer to catalogue entries. NecrocorinthiaCorinth VII, v number
NecrocorinthiaCorinth VII, v number
868
547
1525
920
8671
1527
125104
991
546
1304
27-28
1533 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546
27, 11999 10284 10284 10284 10284 10284 10284 10284 10284 10284 10284 10284
1547
10284
1548 1549 1549b 1550 1551 1552 1553
10284 10284 113(472) 10284 10284 10284 651, 25,2938, 118(505), 149, 151,
1328
15329
1447 1492 1493 1501 1503a 1504 1508 1509
3154 160 151 15434 177 156-157 156-157 156-157
1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515
4932 4932 4932 4932 4932 4932, 163, 171
1516 1520 1521 1523 1524
6750 156-157 156-157 158 158
158
1738, 177
INDEXES
INDEX I GENERAL INDEX Numbers in bold refer to catalogue entries. ACROCORINTH
5
added color 5, 23, 25, 29, 36, 39, 72, 97, 141, 142; added white 1, 6, 23, 25, 149, 164, 169; added white buds 87 (313); added white details on silhouette figure 114 (478), 122 (526), 123 (531), 149, 150 (649), 151; added white dots 47-48 (67), 105-106 (415-417), 109(439, 442-444), 114(478), 116(490), 150 (644); added white ivy 87 (311), 150 (645); added white lotus-palmette chain 83 (293); added white maeander 136 (598) aegis 169 (702) alabastron 4, 14 altar 17, 20, 164, 165 (677), 172 amphora 6, 151; stamped amphora handle 21 amphoriskos 5, 118 (507) animal 6, 113 (473), 115 (484), 122-123 (520-529), 142 (611, 613), 149, 151, 153, 154, 161; animal skin 171, 172. Seealso bird, cock, crane, deer, dog, duck, fox, goat, horse, lion, lizard, panther, quadruped antefix 8, 3045 Aphrodite Ourania 166 (677), 172 Apollo 175 architecturalrevetment 29, 3045 arrow 172 Artemis 164, 166 (677), 172, 175 aryballos 4, 431, 5, 35-36 (1-4), 102, 175, 176 Athena 18, 169 (702) athlete 165 (675) Attic pottery 3, 7, 10, 106, 12, 18, 235, 25, 134, 164, 176-177; black figure 11, 12, 25, 2940, 3045, 122 (519); black glaze, plain, and miscellaneous 14, 11, 12, 161-162, 173; imitation of 1, 2, 12, 26, 28, 2940, 162; imported at Corinth 26; red figure 14, 25, 26, 29, 162; white ground 12, 25-26, 162 BAKCHIADAI165
bars, vertical 4, 44 (43), 48, 50 (79), 103 (401), 104 (402), 105 (408, 409), 115 (483), 126, 127 (548), 128 (552); alternatingwith groups of wavy lines 38 (17), 131 (568); on handles 84 (298), 117 (502), 118 (507), 126 (545, 546), 127 (551). Seealsosquare basin 172 basket 165 (676) battlement 63 (150), 66 (178), 166 (680) berry.Seeivy, laurel, myrtle
bird 89, 95 (348, 349), 96 (359), 113 (470, 471), 150 (644), 153, 164, 166 (679), 172. Seealsocock, duck, swan black figure (incised glaze) 1, 29, 67 (184), 68 (185), 80 (272), 90 (320, 321, 323), 103, 108 (438), 112, 114 (478), 117 (500), 118 (505), 119 (508), 122 (519, 521), 123 (529), 139, 150 (646, 647, 650), 154, 155 (658-662), 164, 166 (680) black-glazed 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 54, 77, 83, 102, 119, 141, 165103, 173, 175
blob. Seebuds boar 114 (478) Boeotian pottery 162; misattributionas 27, 160 bottle 4, 5 bow 172 bowl 8, 83, 8365; stemmed bowl 155 (662). Seealso lekanis branch 113 (470, 471, 473), 114 (478), 122 (523, 525), 123 (527, 534), 124 (536), 128, 130 (559, 561), 149, 150 (644, 647), 151, 161, 164, 166-170 (679, 680, 682, 683, 685-692, 694-698, 706-708). See alsobush, plant, tree Brasidas 161, 172 bronze 8 buds 3, 23-25, 29, 40 (24), 42 (33, 34), 43 (40, 41), 44, 46 (58), 47 (59, 60), 55, 58 (106, 107), 60 (128), 61 (130, 133, 135), 62 (144, 147), 63 (156), 64 (157, 163, 164), 70 (206, 207), 71 (209, 210, 214), 72, 73 (226), 77, 81 (276), 86 (304), 87 (309-310), 88 (315, 317), 90 (319, 322), 97, 99 (372, 376), 103, 105 (415), 110 (450), 117 (500), 118 (507), 119, 120 (512, 514), 121 (515, 517), 130 (562, 565), 149 (641), 151 (651), 166-168 (679, 681-684, 686-688, 694, 695, 698), 170-171 (710-713, 715, 717-719); with dots at base 23, 53 (101), 66 (172, 174, 178-180), 80 (270); with dots between tips 35 (3); linked 23, 30, 45 (49), 55, 60 (124, 126), 63 (152), 66 (171), 67 (182184), 78 (261), 80 (269), 86 (305), 87 (313), 88, 91 (324), 92 (329), 99 (371), 117 (501), 118 (504), 145, 146 (626), 150 (645); pendant 41(26), 100 (383); staggered 93 (335), 105 (411); stemmed 23, 35 (2), 39, 90 (318), 93 (338). Seealsooutline, teardrop burial types 10. SeealsoIndexII: Corinth-North Cemetery bush 122 (525). Seealsobranch, plant, tree Byzantine 9, 10, 20, 21, 141 (610)
INDEX I
200 CARTOON
161
centaur 172 "Chalcidian"pottery 235 checkerboard 4, 29, 45 (50), 67 (181), 103 (397, 398, 400), 107 (430), 109 (442), 114 (478), 136 (598), 149, 151 (651), 155 (662). Seealsosquare chevron 31, 65 (168), 96 (359), 110 (450), 123 (535), 128 (552), 148 (636, 639), 149, 151 (651), 159. See alsogamma, herringbone, lambda, V-pattern children 10, 12 chiton 165-166 (676-677) chlamys 166 (677), 172 Christmastree palmette. Seepalmette, Type 1 clay sources 5 Cleon 161, 172 clothing 162-163. See also chiton, chlamys, cuirass, drapery,himation, petasos, polos club 166 (677), 172 cock 122 (526), 123 (531) coin 3, 8, 21; Pegasos/Trident 8-9; Syracusan 10; Byzantine 19 column krater.Seekrater,krateriskos comedy 164 cone. Seetriangle concave pyxis. Seepyxis convex pyxis. Seepyxis crane 122 (523) cross 50 (76), 90 (318), 111 (455), 113 (471); dotted cross 67 (184), 113 (470, 473), 114 (478), 123 (527), 150 (644), 160 (674), 165 (676), 168 (690). See also palmette cross crosshatching 25, 58 (104), 62 (141), 85 (299), 103 (398), 169 (706) cuirass 162, 165-166 (677, 678) cup 127105,160. Seealsokantharos,kylix cylindricalpyxis. Seepyxis Cypriot pottery 8, 9 27. Seealsoloop-and-dartpattern daub. Seebuds dedication of pottery. Seeritual deer 122 (524, 525), 123 (528) Demeter 33, 162-165, 169 (701), 172, 175 diadem 163-164, 169 (703) dicing. Seedotted band dining 173 Dionysos 165, 171 display of vases 55 Dodwellian character 545 dog 171, 172 domestic deposits 88, 97, 102, 173-176. See also IndexII dot rosette. Seerosette dotted band 4-5, 25, 97; alternating large and small 35 (2);double band 36 (4, 6), 39 (19), 40 (21, 23), 45 (51, 54), 47-48 (67, 70), 49 (73), 52 (91), 55, 58 (109, 110), 62 (141, 146), 69 (191), 77 (252), 79 (262), 92 (327), 93 (341), 98 (362, 363, 365-368), 99 (373), DART
102 (393, 394), 103 (397, 398), 105-106 (415-417), 107 (429), 108 (438), 109 (439, 442-444), 113 (475), 115 (480), 118 (505), 119, 120 (509), 122 (519), 145, 146 (622), 147 (630), 148 (634, 635), 149 (640, 642), 155 (658-661); single band 44 (44), 49 (74), 50 (76, 77), 52 (87), 55, 58 (106, 107), 59 (113), 62 (144), 64 (159), 66 (174), 69 (197), 72, 73 (224), 82 (283), 85 (299), 87 (306), 90 (319), 92 (327), 104 (402), 105 (408, 409), 107 (427, 430), 109 (443), 111 (457), 117 (499, 502), 126 (544), 134 (588), 137 (603), 145, 146 (623, 625, 627), 147 (632), 148 (637), 149 (641, 643), 157 (665), 159 (669) dotted cross. Seecross dotted flange 37 (10, 11), 38 (13, 14, 16, 17), 81 (276, 277) dotted handle 42 (34), 58 (104), 91-92 (326, 327, 333), 101 (392), 121 (516), 127 (548, 550), 132-133 (572-583), 140 (606, 607) dotted lip/dotted rim 5, 37 (8), 77 (253), 78 (255, 258, 261), 79 (262), 80 (266, 267, 269, 271, 272), 81 (273-275, 278-280), 82 (283, 284, 286, 288-290), 83 (294, 296), 89, 90 (323), 92 (327, 330), 93 (336, 341), 94 (345), 95 (348-351), 96 (353-355, 360), 121 (516), 131, 132-133 (572-583), 137 (603), 140 (606, 607), 150 (646), 170 (709) dotted net pattern 5, 67 (184), 74 (228), 98 (365), 142145 (614-621), 156, 166 (678) dotted spiral. Seespiral double-ring foot 55, 62 (140, 146), 63 (149, 150), 64 (159), 77, 141 (608, 609), 145-149 (622-643), 152 (652) drapery 169 (705) duck 122 (526) EARLYCORINTHIAN 4, 437, 5, 6, 71, 15, 5440, 143
Early Protocorinthian 4, 437, 6 earthquake 17 Eleusinian rites 165 elongated dots. Seebuds exaleiptron
4, 435, 5, 27, 3362, 97-102 (362-395),
125,
156-158 (664-667), 175-176; lidded 158 exergue line 95 (349), 96 (352), 150 (647) export of Conventionalizing 175-177 FEATHERSTITCHING 33, 89,
120 (511),
128. See also
zigzag feeder 29, 125-126 (539-543) female figure 162-166 (676, 677), 168-169 (700702), 172. Seealsohuman figure figurine 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19 filler.Seefeeder filler decoration 96 (359), 108 (438), 111 (455), 113 (470, 471, 473), 114 (478), 123 (527), 149, 150 (644, 647), 154, 160 (674), 162. See also chevron, cross, rosette, swastika flanged phiale. Seephiale flanged pyxis. Seepyxis floral decoration 1, 2, 5, 39, 42 (35), 43, 44, 54, 67,
INDEX GENERAL
201
77, 108, 142 (610), 149, 154, 170 (709). Seealso ivy, lotus, lotus-palmette chain, myrtle, palmette, wreath fountain 171 fox 122 (522), 123 (527)
kantharos 14, 27, 35, 127-131 (552-567), 175 key. Seemaeander kiln 139, 143 knob. Seelid Kore 165
GAMMA 148 (633)
kothon
Geometric 27 goat 122 (521), 150 (650) goblet 1 god 163, 171. SeealsoDionysos, Pan goddess 162, 164. SeealsoAphrodite Ourania, Artemis, Athena, Demeter gorgon 96 (358), 123 (531, 532), 161, 167 (685), 171 grain 165, 169 (701) grave furnishings 10, 107,8, 88, 97, 102, 11997, 125, Cemetery 15744, 173-176. SeealsoIndexII: Corinth-North griffin 142 (613)
kottabos 161, 165, 172 kotyle 1, 21?, 3, 4, 71, 18, 22, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 54-66 (102-180), 77, 125, 134 (588), 141 (608, 609), 173-176; large lotus kotyle 25, 54, 6768 (181-186), 142-149 (614-643), 151-152 (652, 653), 176; miniature kotyle 54, 68-70 (187-203). Seealsoskyphos krater 5, 105 (412), 126, 162 krateriskos 5, 126-127 (544-551) kylix 16, 28, 76, 160-161, 163-168 (675-698), 172; lotus kylix 161, 164, 166-168 (679-683, 686-698), 170-171 (709-719), 172
HARE
9776
165,172
hat. Seehelmet, petasos heart 79-80 (264, 265) hearth 22 heirloom 71, 108, 11, 2830, 86 (300) Hellenistic 4, 7, 72, 8 helmet 166 (678), 169 (702) Herakles 161, 162-163, 165, 166 (677), 171, 172 herringbone 128, 129 (557, 558), 156, 157 (664). See alsochevron himation 165 (676) hook 107 (427), 148 (634) hook maeander. Seemaeander horse 96 (352), 167 (684) hourglass 50 (79) house 1651, 17 human figure 1, 6, 161, 162-165, 169 (704, 705). See alsofemale figure, male figure hydria 5,23, 118-119 (508) hydriskos 325,5, 118-121 (509-518) IMITATIONOF CONVENTIONALIZING 17517, 176-177
imports from Athens 26. SeealsoAttic pottery incense-burner.Seethymiaterion incision 29. Seealsoblack figure industry 17 infant, burial of 12, 125 inscription 14 ivy 5, 21, 25-27, 42 (30), 44, 46 (55, 57), 51 (83), 66 (177), 67, 68 (186), 77, 80 (265), 83 (293), 87 (311312), 88 (314), 95 (346), 100 (382), 106 (421), 109 (442, 444), 113 (468, 474), 115 (479, 480, 485, 486), 116 (493), 120 (510), 121 (518), 123 (534, 535), 142 (613), 150 (646), 152 (655, 656), 153 (657), 161 JEWELRY 162-163,
169 (702)
KALATHISKOS 325, 4, 5, 19, 33, 71-76 (217-251), 156,
175 kanoun 5, 35, 37, 131-133 (568-585), 175
LACONIAN POTTERY
16277
ladder 36 (4), 128, 129 (556), 130 (558-560, 563) lagobolon 165 lambda 31, 41 (29), 110 (452). See also chevron, Vpattern lamp 125, 169 (702) Late Corinthian 6; Late Corinthian I 2, 5, 71, 10, 28, 31, 33, 5440, 128 (552), 14314, 153, 154, 175; Late Corinthian II 2, 3, 13, 28, 3362, 76, 89, 92 (333), 93 (341), 95 (347-351), 128 (552), 14314, 153; Late CorinthianIII 2, 3, 13, 95 (348); Late CorinthianIV 2,3 Late Protocorinthian 4, 6, 5440, 71 laurel 110(454), 136 (598) leaf 126 (542, 543). Seealso branch, bush, ivy, laurel, myrtle,plant, tree lekane 8365. Seealsolekanis lekanis 5, 544, 6, 13, 14, 25, 26, 2829,32,83-88 (297317), 150 (645), 151, 153 (657), 173-176 lekanoid bowl 8365. Seealsolekanis lekythos 26, 102, 11997, 121-124(519-538), 150(650), 175, 176; white ground 13, 26, 142 (613) Lerna 165 letter forms 14, 3911 libation 10 lid 8, 13, 14, 25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 36-38 (5, 11, 14), 44, 45 (49), 48-53 (71-101), 77, 80 (265), 83-88 (298-306, 308, 311-314, 316), 89, 128, 134-136 (587, 588, 594-597, 599, 600), 150 (645), 153 (657), 156-157, 162, 171. Seealso lekanis, pyxis, thymiaterion lion 125 (541); lionskin 172 lizard 122 (523) loop 5, 27, 31, 98 (366), 101 (390), 157; with buds/teardrops 103 (399); dotted 27, 30, 103 (396), 123 (530), 130 (563), 157-158 (666, 667) loop-and-dartpattern 27, 59 (121), 60 (122) lotus 29, 67, 90 (320), 166 (679), 168 (699), 170 (708); lotus-flower-and-budfrieze 90 (318), 117 (500), 118
INDEX I
202
(507), 119 (508), 142-145 (614-621), 152 (654). See alsobud, lotus-palmette chain lotus kotyle. Seekotyle lotus kylix. Seekylix lotus-palmette chain (lotus-palmette frieze) 5, 35 (1), 42 (39), 44, 45 (52, 53), 46 (55, 56), 63 (149, 150), 68 (185), 83 (293), 85 (299), 90 (323), 92 (327), 93 (336, 339), 103, 104 (403), 106 (417, 422, 433), 107 (424-426, 428, 429), 110 (453), 111 (456), 112 (465), 116 (488-490), 122 (519), 125 (540), 128, 130-131 (564-567), 136 (600), 141 (608, 609), 150 (648), 152 (652-654), 154, 155 (658-662) MAEANDER
3, 5, 27-29, 47 (64), 72, 77, 97, 103, 108,
112, 119, 150 (648); broken double 29, 47 (65), 51 (84), 107 (430), 108 (438), 109 (442), 110 (453, 454), 113 (468, 470, 473), 114 (478), 117 (503), 150 (644); broken single 28, 41 (27, 28), 45 (52), 50 (76), 51 (85), 63 (149), 64 (166), 70 (205), 81 (275), 89, 92 (333), 93 (340), 95 (347), 96 (352), 104 (405, 406), 105 (410, 412, 413), 108 (433), 109 (439, 440, 443), 110 (448, 452, 453), 114 (478), 115 (480), 117 (503), 136 (595, 598), 150 (647), 151 (651), 152 (652, 653), 158, 159 (669-672); with checkerboardsquares 29, 107 (430), 109 (442), 114 (478), 136 (598), 149, 151 (651); closed double 28-29, 42 (31), 90 (321), 107 (431), 110 (454), 136 (602), 160 (673); closed single 5, 28, 38 (18), 40 (24), 45 (52), 74 (229), 93 (337), 113 (471), 151 (651), 156, 157 (665), 158-159 (670, 671); hook 28, 36 (7), 37 (11), 38 (15), 51 (82, 86), 75 (238, 242), 80 (270), 86 (300), 87 (308), 93 (336, 341, 342), 96 (352, 353), 99 (375), 100 (381), 101 (385, 386, 388, 389), 108 (435), 136 (596, 597, 602), 141 (608, 609), 158, 160 (673), 170 (710, 711), 171 (714); scroll 63 (151), 134 (588) male figure 96 (352), 108 (438), 165 (675), 166 (677, 678), 167 (684), 172. Seealsohuman figure manufactureof vases 5, 231, 48, 77, 78 (256), 83 (294). Seealsopottery industry mastos 5, 544, 151-152 (654) Medusa. SeeGorgon metal, imitation of 89, 92 (332, 333), 93 (336), 110 (454), 112, 140 (606, 607) Middle Corinthian 5, 6, 71, 15, 28, 2830, 43, 4829, 5440, 8671, 102, 143
Middle Protocorinthian 4, 6, 15, 5440 miniature
5, 6, 14, 17, 30, 3156, 32, 3362, 36 (6), 39,
40 (24), 68-71 (187-203, 208-216), 77, 81-83 (281296), 90-94 (322, 326, 328, 330, 334, 342, 343), 96 (354, 358, 361), 9777, 101-102 (391-395), 102, 117 (496-498, 499), 118 (504), 175-176 mold 2, 17 Mu-Pi series 1, 3, 6 mug 161-162 myrtle 43, 46 (58), 47 (67), 91 (325), 95 (346), 109 (444), 112 (467), 119, 120 (510), 122 (520), 123 (534), 124 (536, 537), 136 (602) mysteries 165
NECKLACE. Seejewelry
net-dot. Seedotted net pattern OEDIPUS 161, 172
offering ritual. Seeritual oil 11997, 175, 176 oinochoe 4, 5, 545, 6, 23, 31, 32, 11997, 150 (649), 153, 173-176; broad-bottomed 102, 118(506); concave, broad-bottomed 6, 102, 112-117 (465-498), 142 (613), 150 (648), 151; convex, broad-bottomed 3362, 102, 108-111 (434-464), 118 (505); cylindrical, broad-bottomed 5, 27, 30, 31, 102-108 (396433), 150-151 (651), 155 (660, 661); globular 14, 118 (504); olpe 32, 102, 117 (499); ovoid 117-118 (500-503) olpe. Seeoinochoe omphalos. Seephiale Orientalizing 2, 54, 175 outline 2, 79 (264), 118 (505, 506), 122 (521, 522, 524, 526), 123 (528, 531, 532), 161-164, 165-166 (675-678), 167 (684, 685), 168-170 (700-707); outlined buds 81 (276); outlined dots 96 (358) PAESTANA 176
palmette 5, 8, 29-30, 40, 44, 77, 89, 108; Type 1 2930, 35 (1), 45 (53), 46 (55), 68 (185), 85 (299), 86 (302), 106 (417, 422, 423), 107 (424, 425, 428, 429), 125 (540), 140, 141 (608, 609), 151-152 (652-654), 155 (658-662); Type 2 30, 37, 38 (18), 41 (26-28), 42 (32-34, 36-39), 43 (40-42), 45 (52), 47 (59, 61, 63, 65), 52 (89, 90), 66 (173), 80 (269, 272), 83 (293), 107 (426), 110 (447, 453), 111 (456, 459), 112 (465), 115 (485), 116 (488-490, 495), 118 (505, 506), 123 (528, 533), 128, 130-131 (564-567), 136 (600), 142 (612), 150 (648, 650), 151 (651), 158, 159-160 (670, 673, 674); hybrid 30, 122 (519). See also lotus-palmette chain, triangle palmette cross 52 (90), 90 (319, 322) Pan 165, 171 panther 111 (455), 113 (473), 150 (646), 160 (674) Pegasos/Trident coin 8 PeloponnesianWar 2611 pendant. Seebuds, pendant peplos 168 (700) perfume (perfumed oil) 175-176 perirrhanterion 172 Persephone. SeeKore PersianWar 16 petal 96 (355), 156, 169 (703), 170 (709). See also palmette, rosette petasos 167 (684), 172 phiale 325,5, 14, 16, 30, 32, 76-83 (252-296), 89, 157, 161, 168 (699), 173-176; flanged 77, 81(276, 277) picket fence 33. Seealsozigzag pig 171, 172 pilos 172 Pitsa 131 plant 122 (521). Seealsobranch, bush, tree
INDEX GENERAL
plaque 131 (568) plate 2, 3, 325, 4, 5, 6, 28, 32, 33, 3362, 88-96 (318361), 120 (510), 131108, 140 (606, 607), 150 (646, 647), 161-165, 168-170 (700-708), 172, 173-175; tripod plate 89, 91-92 (327, 333) political cartoon. Seecartoon polos 142 (610), 170 (707) pomegranate 67 (184), 72, 98 (365), 156 poppy 165, 168 (700), 169 (704) portrait 161 pottery industry 15, 18, 113 (470), 139-140, 142-143, 145, 173, 175-177 powder pyxis. Seepyxis profiled oinochoe. See oinochoe, concave, broad-bottomed Protocorinthian 4, 6, 8 Protogeometric 39 protome 3911 pyramid. Seetriangle pyxis 2, 5, 36-53, 8365, 128, 128 (552), 131, 173, 176; concave 4, 36 (5, 6); convex 4, 435, 21, 232, 25, 26, 27-28, 2942, 3051, 31, 32, 33, 39-48 (19-69), 141-142 (610-612), 150 (644), 151, 152 (655, 656), 153, 155 (658, 659), 160 (674); cylindrical 36-37 (7, 8); flanged 37-38 (9-18); powder 4, 12, 27, 32, 49-52 (74-90), 86 (300), 89, 161-165, 171; stemmed 5, 544, 156; straight-sided 4; tripod 4, 435, 48-49 (70-73), 156 (663). Seealsolekanis, lid QUADRUPED
96 (359), 105 (411), 115 (484), 123 (527),
150 (647), 166 (679) quarry 20 quatrefoil 35 quiver 165 (677) RAY
30,31,44,83
ray-based 5, 30, 36, 39 (19), 58 (109, 111), 67 (181, 182), 69 (191), 83, 97, 103 (396), 117 (500, 501), 141 (608, 609), 142-145 (614-621), 157-158 (665-667), 160 (673) red figure 1, 2938, 32, 105 (412), 162, 164. SeealsoAttic pottery Rhodian pottery,misattributionof Corinthianpottery as 27 rider 167 (684) ritual 55, 146, 165, 175-176; ritual dining 173 rivet, imitation of. Seemetal, imitation of Roman pottery 8, 9, 19, 20; Roman lamp 19 roof tile. Seetile Rorschach palmette. Seepalmette, Type 1 rosette 39 (19), 44 (45, 46), 51 (83), 72, 79 (262), 89, 92 (334), 95 (350-351), 108 (438), 123 (535), 127, 128 (552), 129 (556), 150 (647), 153, 156, 167 (682), 168 (690). Seealsostar,starburst S-PATTERN
130 (563)
sanctuary deposits 88, 9777, 102, 173-176. See also IndexII
203
scale pattern 118 (505) sculpture 2 semicircles 122 (521); dotted 27, 123 (530, 531) semiglazed 1, 55, 102 shield, votive 140 Sicilian pottery, misattributionof Corinthian pottery as 3366
sigma 4, 31, 33, 53 (95), 55, 58 (109, 110), 101 (387), 156 (663) silhouette 29, 30, 95 (348), 96 (352, 359), 103, 105 (411), 111 (455), 112, 113(470, 471, 473), 114(478), 115 (484), 118 (505), 122-123 (522-528, 531), 139, 149, 150 (644, 649), 153, 166 (679), 167 (684), 169 (706) sima. Seearchitecturalrevetment sine wave 27, 42 (35), 123 (528, 530) siren 80 (272), 89, 108 (438), 118 (506), 160, 169 (705, 706), 170 (707) skyphos 17, 18, 54, 70(204-207), 125;miniature 54, 68, 70-71 (208-216). Seealsokotyle slingshot 172 snake 169 (702) sphinx 105 (411), 118 (505,506), 141-142 (610-612), 160, 161, 164, 165, 166 (679), 169 (703), 172 spiral 5, 27, 31, 103, 107 (430), 119, 121 (516, 518), 124 (536), 158, 166 (678); chevron and 31, 65 (168), 95 (347), 151 (651); dotted 31, 4013, 89, 93 (337), 130 (563), 151 (651), 158-160 (668-673) square 79 (262), 117 (503). See also bars, vertical; checkerboard stackingof vases 16, 17, 18, 55 stag 114 (478) star,starburst 4, 67 (181), 89, 142-145 (614-621), 169 (703) stele shrine 14, 15, 55, 173-175. See also IndexII: Corinth-Aphrodite Deposit, CircleDeposit, CircularSouth Shrine,ErosaShrine,Shrineof theDoubleStele,SteleShrineA stemmed pyxis. Seepyxis stephane 169 (702) stepped triangle. Seetriangle, stepped straight-sidedpyxis. Seepyxis strainer 105 (415), 125 (539, 540) Subgeometric 153 suspension holes 78 (260), 83 (296), 95 (349) swan 164 swastika 92 (333), 105 (411), 111 (455), 113 (471, 473), 114 (478), 123 (534), 134 (588), 162, 169 (706) syrinx 165 T-PATTERN 3362, 96 (354), 110 (446)
teardrop 27, 37 (8), 43 (41), 45 (48), 62 (147), 66 (172). Seealsobuds terracottaheads on pottery 2. Seealsofigurine throne 33, 162, 164, 172 thumbprint 66 (172) thymiaterion 6, 35, 134-137 (586-605), 162, 164, 165, 172, 175 tile 8, 17
204
INDEX I
tongues 31, 44, 47 (62, 66), 48 (69), 103 (398, 400), 104 (402, 404), 105 (407, 408, 414), 106 (418-421, 423), 107 (431, 432), 108 (433, 436), 109 (439, 441, 445), 110 (449, 451), 111 (458, 460-463), 112, 113 (469, 472), 114 (476, 477), 115 (481, 482), 116 (490492, 494), 117 (496-498), 119, 120-121 (509, 511517); dots between tips of 50 (79), 92 (328), 104 (405), 108 (435, 437), 109 (440), 117 (499); outlined 5, 37 (9), 45 (50, 51), 86 (300), 90 (323), 92 (331, 332), 93 (339), 98 (364, 369), 99 (370), 103 (397, 401), 104 (403), 117 (502), 118 (504), 122 (519), 126 (544), 154, 155 (659-661), 156, 157 (664, 666); separated by lines 41(29), 44 (47), 45 (49, 53, 54), 46 (56), 48 (68), 94 (344), 95 (346), 96 (356), 106 (415-417, 422), 107 (424, 429), 108 (434), 112 (466, 467), 116 (488, 489), 118 (507), 140 (606, 607), 156 (663) torch 81 (277), 163, 165, 169 (701, 704, 705), 172 tortoise 172 trade 6 tray.Seekanoun tree 122 (525). Seealsobranch, bush, plant triangle 78 (260), 79-80 (264), 82 (287), 92 (334), 94 (344), 112 (466), 126 (542), 130 (564), 158 (667), 163; as handle decoration 40, 41 (26), 43 (40-42), 126 (544) triangle, stepped 5, 233, 29, 31, 33, 3362, 35 (1), 41 (29), 46 (55), 47 (64), 50 (77), 51 (81), 55 (102), 58 (111), 59 (118), 60 (123, 129), 61 (134), 62 (146), 63 (149, 150), 64 (159), 68 (185), 69 (196-198), 70 (204), 72, 77, 80 (266, 270, 271), 84-85 (298), 85 (299), 86 (301, 302), 87 (306), 91 (326), 92 (332), 93 (336, 341), 94 (344), 97, 99 (378), 103 (396, 399), 108 (434), 110 (452), 117 (502), 132 (571), 140, 141 (608, 609), 146 (622, 623), 148 (633, 638), 149 (641, 643), 152 (652), 156 (663), 158-159 (672); as Type 1 palmettes 35 (1), 68 (185), 85 (299), 86 (302), 92 (327); separated by zigzag 61 (138), 62 (140), 105 (410), 125(539), 146 (627), 147 (628,631), 149(640); with dots 51-52 (87), 100 (379) trident. Seecoin tripod plate. Seeplate tripod pyxis. Seepyxis UNGLAZED/UNDECORATED
POTTERY
7762,
8469,
119
V-PATTERN 47 (64). See also chevron, lambda
vertical bars. Seebars, vertical vertical (or diagonal) lines in handle zone of kotyle 55 (103), 58 (104, 105), 59 (113-116, 119), 62 (148), 66 (175, 179, 180), 67 (184), 68 (187), 69 (191, 194), 70 (202, 203), 71 (215, 216), 142-145 (614-621); on shoulder of krateriskos 126-127 (545-549, 551) vertical squiggle 4, 39 (19), 48, 48 (71), 49, 50 (76), 51 (80), 58 (108), 60 (124, 126), 61 (132), 62 (139, 142), 64 (162), 65 (168, 170), 66 (171, 173), 67 (182, 183), 68 (188, 189), 69 (192, 194), 72 (218, 221, 222), 86 (303), 88 (316), 92 (334), 100 (380), 147 (632), 161; groups separated by dot rosettes 44 (45, 46), 72
vine 42 (35). Seealsoivy, myrtle votivedeposit 9, 14, 15, 16, 19,22, 103(400), 173, 175. Seealso stele shrine; IndexII: Corinth-Aphrodite Deposit, CircleDeposit,CircularSouthShrine,ErosaShrine,Shrineof theDoubleStele,SteleShrineA votive pit. Seevotive deposit votives 140 Vrysoula 1, 3, 6, 9 Vrysoulagoblet 1, 14 WARRIOR
166 (678), 172
wave 32, 116 (495), 118 (505), 141, 142 (612) wavy bars, wavy oblongs 50 (76), 51 (80) weight 165 (675) wheat 169 (701) white ground. SeeAttic pottery,lekythos white paint 6 White Style 5, 39, 48 (70), 67 (181), 102 whorl 5, 32-33, 35 (1, 2), 86 (300), 90 (321), 92 (331), 93 (341), 96 (354), 134 (588), 140 (606, 607), 141 (608, 609), 149 (643) women. Seefemale figure worms. Seevertical squiggle wreath 51 (80) ZETA 4, 437, 37 (10, 11), 38 (14), 50 (78), 72 (219), 74
(231), 75 (237, 245), 76 (249), 87 (306), 92 (333), 94 (345), 96 (357, 360), 99 (377), 102 (395), 107 (427), 108, 109 (443), 110 (448, 451, 453), 113 (471, 473), 114 (478), 117 (503), 121 (516), 123 (530), 136 (594) zigzag 4, 31, 33, 44 (46), 55, 59 (117, 120), 60 (125, 127), 61 (131, 136), 62 (141, 143, 145), 63 (153, 155), 64 (158-161, 165), 65 (167), 66 (176), 69 (193, 199-201), 70 (208), 71 (211-213), 72 (220), 73(223), 74 (230, 232, 233, 235), 75 (236, 239-241, 246), 76 (247, 248, 251), 77 (252), 78 (257), 84 (297), 89, 91 (326), 92 (327), 94 (343), 99 (374), 102 (394), 118, 119 (508), 120 (511), 126, 127 (550), 128 (552), 129 (554, 557), 132 (573), 145, 146 (624, 626, 628), 147 (629), 148 (635, 637), 149 (642), 154; dotted zigzag 33, 44 (44), 52 (93), 63 (154), 66 (174, 176), 101 (384), 128 (553), 148 (634, 636), 149 (639, 640), 161. See alsotriangle, stepped and separated by zigzag
INDEX II FINDSPOTS AND PROVENIENCES CORINTH (SeealsoChapter 2, pp. 7-22) Acrocorinth. SeeSanctuary of Demeter Agora 8, 9, 10, 141. SeealsoForum Anaploga 1392,4 Aphrodite Deposit. SeePotters'Quarter Asklepieion 31, 102, 159, 1739 well 1931-14 9, 52 (90), 81 (275), 116 (492), 127 (551), 134 Baths of Aphrodite 9 cistern 1960-1 9, 43 (41) Building I 21, 42 (32, 33), 96 (360), 111 (462), 142 (612). Seealsoforum drain 1971-1 9,43 (40), 53(99), 111(463), 126(542, 543). Seealsoforum Building III. SeeTavern of Aphrodite Building I-J:21-22. SeeSanctuary of Demeter and Kore BuildingJ-L:21. SeeSanctuary of Demeter and Kore Building M:21-22. SeeSanctuary of Demeter and Kore Building M-N:25-26. See Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore Building N-0:22-23. See Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore Building N-0:22-24. See Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore Building N-0:24-25. See Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore Building N-0:25-26. See Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore Circle Deposit. SeePotters' Quarter Circular South Shrine. SeePotters' Quarter cistern I. SeePotters' Quarter cistern 1940-1. SeeNew Museum East cistern 1940-3. SeeTile Works cistern 1960-1. SeeBaths of Aphrodite channel 1964-1. SeeVrysoula drain 1936-1. Seeforum, beneath drain 1937-1. Seeforum, beneath drain 1971-1. SeeBuilding I East of the Theater 22, 69 (200), 71 (209, 210), 133 (581) Erosa shrine. SeePotters' Quarter Forum 20, 71, 102, 118(505), 119, 125 (541), 141 Forum,beneath drain 1936-1 10, 120 (513) drain 1937-1 9, 28, 42 (34, 35), 48 (69), 51 (86), 52 (88, 89), 76 (248), 81 (279), 97, 101 (384-389), 116 (494), 121, 124 (538)
pit 1937-1 9, 38 (18), 42 (37, 38, 39), 53 (98), 142 (613) pit 1975-1 21 well 1934-10 9, 10, 12, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 3362, 36 (7), 47 (64), 48 (70), 53 (95), 65 (169-171), 71 (215, 216), 74 (235), 80 (268, 269), 97, 99 (375, 377, 378), 100 (379, 380), 103, 104 (405, 406), 105 (410-415), 106 (416, 417), 108 (436, 437, 439), 110 (448, 449), 128, 131, 132 (572-574), 134 (586), 136 (599) well 1937-1 9, 47 (65) well 1937-2 8 well 1937-3 8, 31, 45 (51), 49 (74), 61 (134, 137, 138), 62 (143), 67 (182, 183), 69 (195, 196), 84 (297), 88, 90 (320), 98 (369), 99 (371-373) well 1970-1 8, 108 (435) well 1971-1 10, 53 (94) well 1975-4
9, 77,81
(280)
graves. SeeKorakou cemetery, North Cemetery,Potters' Quarter Julian Basilica. Seealsoforum well 1915-2 9, 53 (97) Kokkinovrisi 19, 103 (399) Korakou Cemetery 7, 8 grave 1954-15 7, 36 (5), 59 (115) grave 1954-16 8, 70 (208) Lechaion. SeeKorakou Cemetery Lechaion Road East Shop 5 21, 38 (17), 42 (31), 45 (53), 46 (56), 48 (68), 51 (87), 66 (176), 75 (244), 81 (278), 100 (383), 107 (427, 429), 110 (452), 130 (562) Museum West well 1939-1 8, 44 (44), 44 (47), 52 (91), 58 (108, 111), 60 (123), 62 (145), 64 (161), 67 (181), 69 (193, 194, 199), 70 (204), 72 (221), 74 (230), 78 (258), 80 (271), 103 (397), 112, 115 (483) New Museum East 142 (611) cistern 1940-1 10, 111 (464) North Cemetery (and east of) 2, 3, 7, 71, 8, 9, 10-13, 23, 102, 128 deposit 6 10, 60 (129) deposit 12 6856 deposit 17 10, 26, 84, 88 (314) deposit 43 3153 deposit 44 11894 deposit 46 10, 25, 117 (501), 119 (508) grave 135 11998
INDEX II
206 grave 142
8366
grave 159 48 (70) grave 160 10287, 11998 grave 172 71 grave 180 10, 68 (187), 10287 grave 181 10, 58 (112), 59 (113) grave 186
4829
grave 187 grave 188 grave 200 grave 208 grave 224 grave 239 grave 247
10, 77 (252) 11, 55 (103) 11, 55 (102) 11, 59 (117) 11, 59 (114), 117 (500) 11, 48 (71) 11, 61 (132)
grave 248
5441, 60 (253)
grave 250 11, 27, 59 (120) grave 252 11,83, 84(298) grave 253 11, 60 (125), 103 (401) grave 257 11, 60 (128), 83, 85 (299) grave 258 11, 50 (75), 61 (133), 83, 86 (301) grave 271 11,49(73) grave 282 11, 86 (302) grave 284 11, 14, 63 (153), 86 (303) grave 285 11, 62 (142), 64 (158) grave 286 12, 50 (77) grave 287 12, 62 (146) grave 288 12, 50 (79), 63 (156) grave 289 12, 62 (141) grave 291 12, 63 (155), 84, 86 (306) grave 292 12, 50 (76) grave 293 12, 50 (78) grave 298 12, 86 (305) grave 299 12, 85-86 (300) grave 333 12, 37 (11), 64 (165) grave 334 12, 51 (81), 71 (213, 214) grave 336 12, 29, 125 (540) grave 338 12, 38 (14) grave 353 12, 70 (205) grave 380 13, 2832, 84, 87 (308) grave 392 13, 84, 88 (316) grave 1916-14 7, 49 (72), 60 (127), 61 (131) grave 1916-23 8, 60 (130) grave 1916-24 7 grave 1916-26 8, 45 (49) grave 1916-45 9, 88 (317) grave 1916-47 7, 58 (104-107) grave 1916-52 8, 64 (160) grave 1916-63 8, 86 (304) North Dump. SeePotters' Quarter North Long Building. SeePotters' Quarter North Road Deposit. SeePotters' Quarter,road deposits Northwest Angle Deposit. SeePotters'Quarter Oakley South 157 (665) Pentagonal Building 21, 65 (167). Seealsoforum Peribolosof Apollo 20, 69 (197), 94 (344), 165 (675) pit 1931-1 8, 44 (48), 82 (282), 104 (403) pit 1937-1. Seeforum, beneath pit 1961-2. SeeSanctuary of Demeter and Kore
pit 1965-2. SeeSanctuary of Demeter and Kore pit 1965-3. SeeSanctuary of Demeter and Kore pit 1975-1. Seeforum, beneath Potters'Quarter 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 13-18, 22, 27, 35 (1), 36 (6), 37 (10), 38 (15), 67 (184), 71, 78 (259), 83 (293), 8873 89, 91 (326, 327), 92 (331), 93 (339, 341), 102, 105 (408), 113(474), 115(479), 116(493), 119,121, 127, 134, 139, 153, 156, 157 (664), 160, 164, 167 (685), 168 (699), 170 (707), 173, 175 Aphrodite Deposit 13-14, 35 (4), 63 (151, 157), 71 (211, 212), 82 (283), 84, 88 (315), 95 (347), 159 Circle Deposit 14, 62 (140), 95 (349), 106 (419), 127 (551), 136 (598), 140 (607) CircularSouth Shrine 14, 15, 18, 37 (9), 40 (25), 51 (80), 75 (237-239), 83 (294), 96 (358), 117 (498), 118 (504), 121 (519), 125 (539), 128, 130 (560), 133 (578, 584), 136-137 (602-604), 141, 151, 152 (652, 653) Cistern I 14, 27, 130 (563), 131, 134 deposit north of second tower. See"WallE deposit" Erosa Shrine 15, 22, 39, 80 (270), 101 (391), 131 (570), 133 (583) Geometric cemetery 15 grave A 18 grave B 18 North Dump 15, 98 (370), 153 (657) North Long Building 16 Northwest Angle Deposit 15, 98 (368) Rectangular South Pit 15, 38 (13), 76 (247), 96 (353), 107 (428), 108 (433), 110 (454), 111 (456, 459), 113 (475), 115 (481), 120 (514), 136 (600), 152 (655) road deposits 15, 16, 30, 35 (2), 39 (19), 44 (46), 46 (57), 47 (67), 51 (85), 64 (159), 74 (229), 80 (265), 81 (276, 281), 90 (318, 319, 321-323), 91 (324, 325), 92 (329), 98 (365, 366), 99 (374), 100 (382), 103 (396, 400, 402), 111 (457, 458), 117 (496), 127 (550), 134, 151, 152 (654), 15432, 155 (658662), 159 (668, 670, 671), 166 (681), 167-168 (687-698), 170-171 (712-719) North Road Deposit 15, 29, 45 (52), 51 (84), 63 (149, 150), 65 (168), 66 (177), 67 (185), 78 (261), 95 (346), 108 (438), 109 (440, 441), 111 (455), 115 (480), 136 (601), 166 (678-680), 167 (682, 683), 169 (706), 170 (708) South Road Deposit 15 Shrine of the Double Stele 16, 18, 41-42 (30), 55, 66 (174, 175, 178), 67, 79 (262), 121 (516), 130 (564), 133 (579), 134 (588), 157 (667) South Long Building 13, 16, 72 (218), 152 (656), 157 (666) Stele Shrine A 13, 14, 16, 18, 23, 25, 26, 32, 3362, 39, 40 (24), 41 (26), 45 (50), 54, 55, 61 (139), 62 (144), 63 (152, 154), 64 (162-164, 166), 67, 68 (186), 69 (201), 70 (207), 72 (218), 73 (224), 74 (231, 232, 234), 75 (240-242), 76, 77, 78 (260), 82 292(2), (332, 333), 93 (335, 338, 342), 94 (284-290, (345), 95 (348, 351, 352), 96 (354), 102 (394), 104
FINDSPOTS AND PROVENIENCES
(404), 106 (418), 108 (434), 112, 113 (469), 114 (476, 477), 117 (502), 118 (507), 127, 128 (553), 129 (555-557), 130 (558, 559), 131 (571), 132133 (575-577, 580, 582), 134 (587), 140 (606), 145-149 (622-643), 160 (674), 167 (684, 686), 170 (710) TerracottaFactory9, 13, 17, 22, 27, 43 (42), 53 (101), 55, 66 (179, 180), 70 (202, 203, 206), 76 (250), 77, 83 (295, 296), 90 (321), 96 (361), 97, 101 (390), 102 (395), 107 (432), 113 (474), 115 (479), 117 (497), 121 (517), 124 (538), 130-131 (565-567), 133 (585), 134, 150 (648), 165 (677) well 1930-8 9, 13, 42 (36), 93 (336) Well III. Seewell 1930-8 Trench G 18 Trench H, "Trench H deposit" 17, 93 (337), 141 (608, 609) TrenchJ, "TrenchJ deposit" 18, 27, 32, 3261,39-40 (20-23), 5441, 59 (116), 59 (119, 121, 122), 72 (217, 219), 77 (255), 95 (350), 101 (392-393), 106 (420), 107 (430), 117 (499), 126-127 (544-549), 128, 131 (568, 569), 137 (605), 170 (711) Wall B, "WallB deposit" 18 , 107 (431), 120 (511), 130 (561) Wall E, "Wall E deposit" 18, 51 (82), 60 (426), 67, 105 (409), 120 (510) Punic Amphora Building 21, 22, 47 (60), 79-80 (264), 87 (307). Seealsoforum Rectangular South Pit. SeePotters'Quarter road deposits. SeePotters'Quarter Road west of Shear House. Seepit 1931-1 Room A. SeeSanctuary of Demeter and Kore Room B. SeeSanctuary of Demeter and Kore Sacred Spring 20, 21, 21, 41 (27), 46 (58), 47 (59, 6163), 74 (233), 80 (267), 99 (375), 111 (460, 461), 112 (465), 150 (644), 159 (672). Seealsoforum Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore 2, 3, 19, 20, 21, 71, 72 (220, 222), 77, 80 (272), 81 (277), 94 (343), 102, 115 (484), 116 (491), 119, 128, 150 (647), 160-161, 165 (676), 169 (703-705), 170 (709), 173, 175 Building I-J:21-22 21, 37 (12), BuildingJ-L:21 21, 115 (482) Building M:21-22 20, 92 (334), 150 (651) Building M-N:25-26 20, 169 (701) 19, 20, 96 (359), 129 (554), Building N-0:22-23 150 (651) 19, 51, 150 (651), 169 (701) Building N-O:22-24 N-O:24-25 19, 20, 80 (272), 129 (554), Building 159 (673, 674) 21, 159 (673) Building N-O:25-26 75 1961-2 9, (245, 246), 121 (518) pit 73 (225), 74 (228) pit 1965-2 8, pit 1965-3 8, 73 (226), 74 (227) Room A 19,60 (124), 76 (249), 118(506), 119(509), 150 (646) Room E 19, 21, 69 (198), 79 (263), 92 (328, 330) Trapezoidal Building 19, 20 , 76 (251), 116 (495), 120 (512), 150 (651)
207
Shear House, road west of. Seepit 1931-1 Shrine of the Double Stele. SeePotters'Quarter South Basilica 8 well 1936-10 8, 39, 110 (451), 159 (669) South Long Building.SeePotters' Quarter South Stoa. Seealsoforum Shop XXXII 37 (11), 42 (30), 45 (50), 49 (73), 51 (80), 87 (311), 120 (510), 142", 157 (666) well 1946-3 232 Southeast Building 7. Seealsoforum well 1947-1 8, 35 (3), 61 (135, 136), 62 (147, 148), 73 (223), 103 (398) well 1947-4 7, 39, 44 (45), 5236, 53 (101), 58 (109, 110), 59 (118), 67, 68 (188-190), 69 (192), 78 (256, 257), 98 (362, 363, 367), 128 (552), 142-145 (614621), 156 (663) Stele Shrine A. SeePotters' Quarter Tavern of Aphrodite well 1953-1 7, 44 (43), 52 (92, 93), 69 (191), 77 (253), 98 (364) Temple A 20 Temple Hill 21, 77 (254) TempleJ 8 TerracottaFactory.SeePotters'Quarter Tile Works 8, 139 cistern 1940-3 8, 93 (340), 150 (645) Trapezoidal Building. See Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore Trench H deposit. SeePotters' Quarter TrenchJ deposit. SeePotters'Quarter Vrysoula channel 1964-1 1, 6, 9, 10, 13, 25, 27, 28, 30, 3362, 36, 37 (8), 38 (16), 40, 4014, 41 (28, 29), 47 (66), 53 (96), 54, 55, 66 (172, 173), 67, 71, 74 (236), 80-81 (273, 274), 82 (291, 292), 84, 8467, 87 (308-313), 89, 96 (355-357), 97, 100 (381), 102, 103, 104-105 (407), 106-107 (421428), 108 (436), 109-110 (442-447, 450, 453), 112-113 (466-468, 470-473), 114 (478), 115-116 (485-489), 117 (503), 119, 121 (515), 122-124 (520-537), 128, 129 (558), 134-136 (586, 589597, 599, 601, 602), 137 (604), 139, 149, 151 (651), 153, 161, 162. SeealsoVrysoulaWorkshop, IndexIII Wall B deposit. SeePotters' Quarter Wall E deposit. SeePotters'Quarter well 1915-2. SeeJulianBasilica well 1930-8. SeePotters'Quarter well 1934-10. Seeforum, beneath well 1936-10. SeeSouth Basilica well 1937-1. Seeforum, beneath well 1937-2. Seeforum, beneath well 1937-3. Seeforum, beneath well 1939-1. SeeMuseum West well 1946-3. SeeSouth Stoa well 1947-1. SeeSoutheast Building well 1947-4. SeeSoutheast Building well 1953-1. SeeTavern of Aphrodite
INDEX II
208
West Shops 9, 21, 75 (243), 99 (376), 116 (490), 150 (650). Seealsoforum
well 1970-1. Seeforum, beneath well 1971-1. Seeforum, beneath well 1975-4. Seeforum, beneath
NON-CORINTHIAN FINDSPOTS, PROVENIENCES, AND COLLECTIONS Leipzig 38 (17)
Adolphseck, Schloss Fasanerie 4016, 156-157 Agrigento 44 (44), 85 (299), 9777, 157, 176 Akanthos 59 (121), 104 (403) Akrai
Lentini
3366, 47 (64)
Akraiphia 25, 3261,39 (19), 4319,45 (51), 48 (71), 675, 7764, 129105, 17619
Amendolara 176 Amsterdam 158 Apollonia 71 Argos 43, 4323, 9777 Asine 32, 39, 397'10,4320, 45 (51), 46 (54) Athens: Agora 106, 2830,2938,48,61 (130), 86 (300), 9781, 161; Goulandris Museum of Cycladic and Ancient Greek Art 103 (398), 163-164, 172; National Museum 546, 3365, 151, 155, 156-157,
159, 160,
1658, 3152,53,57,4830, 4934, 97, 9777, 11894
26, 3051, 3366, 4015,16, 42 (31), 4320,23, 47 (64),
17510 Hamburg 103 (398) Heidelberg 48 (71), 125104,156-158 Himera 48 (71), 53 (94) Histria 175 Isthmia: Rachi 72, 141; SanctuaryofPoseidon Isthmus 80 (266) Ithaca 104 (404), 105 (407), 113 (469) Kalapodi 175 Kamarina
43, 11997, 151, 176
Kameiros 38 (14) Karlsruhe 8, 233, 105 (412) Kirrha 11292, 116 (495) Kourion 175
3051,4016
Palermo, Mormino Foundation
Ferrara.SeeSpina Frankfurt 233, 125104 Gela 17517, 17623 Gordion 71 Halieis
Motya
Mycenae 5441, 160 Naples 10588, 113 (472) Naukratis 47 (63), 175 Nemea 6855 Olynthos 105 (408) Oxford 47 (63), 156-157, 161, 163-164, 172 , 17514
16165, 162-164, 171-172 Ayia Irini 6750 Banzi 176 Bari 44, 9777, 158 Bassano del Grappa 9777 Berlin 177 Bonn 151, 160 Brindisi 2829 Cambridge (England) 104 (402), 17514 Carthage 153, 175 Chini collection 17622 Comiso 17623 Conversano 4425 Cozzo Matrice 17623 Cyrene 155, 157 Delos 156-158 Emporion 175 Examilia
4323
Lipari 2942,45 (53), 159 London 6, 29, 149, 151, 15434, 158, 161-165, 171172 Mainz 103 (398) Marseille 175 Megara Hyblaea 233, 6750, 153, 176 Metaponto 176 Monte San Mauro 15744 Montpellier 48 (70) Morgantina 3365, 36 (4), 5545, 9777, 103 (398), 176 Mormino Foundation. SeePalermo Moscow 28
141
3366, 47 (64)
Paris 3154, 105 (412), 151 Perachora 2, 9777, 103 (399), 151, 152-153, 154-155, 156-157, 15847, 164, 172, 173 Phlius 2829 Prague 92 (327) Rachi. SeeIsthmia Ragusa 11997, 151, 158 Reading 161-165, 171-172 Rhitsona 127105, 17619 Rutagliano 108 (412), 176 St. Louis (Missouri)27-28 St. Petersburg 16166, 163, 172 Sardis 71 Schloss Fasanerie.SeeAdolphseck Selinus 157 Sevres 59 (121) Sindos 71, 27, 60 (127, 129), 97, 98 (367), 15744, 176 Sparta 175 Spina 4013, 42 (34), 44, 175, 176 Stuttgart 103 (398) Syracuse 234, 2830, 3366, 47 (64), 125104,15329, 15744 Tampa 11289 Tanagra 171 Taranto 4319 Thebes 151 Thorikos 9777 Tocra 3, 2721, 5545, 6750, 685354 6856, 175 Tubingen 3911 Vienna 86 (300) Winchester 156-157
INDEX III PAINTERS, WORKSHOPS, GROUPS, AND CLASSES CORINTHIAN Arc-PalmetteGroup 151, 154-155 (658-662) BK Painter 67 (184). SeealsoBK Workshop BK Workshop 67 (182, 184), 142-145 (614-621), 177 Bonn Pyxis, Group of 160 (674), 162 C-47 Painter 143 Cavalcade Painter 546 Corinth BK Painter.SeeBK Workshop Damon Painter 3154 Dodwell Painter 545 Dot-Cluster Workshop 152 Dotted Outline Group 151, 153 GeladakisPainter 5 Hermes Painter 3260 Herringbone Workshop.SeeWinchester Group Ivy-BerryWorkshop 152-153 (657) KP-2427, Group of 142, 151, 154 KP-2348, Painter of 142 KP-2360, Painterof 67, 93 (336), 140-141 (608, 609), 145, 151, 15848 Lotus-CrossPainter 2828 Mastos Workshop 67, 141, 142, 151-152 (652-654) Merlin Painter 6, 25, 29, 89, 118 (505), 142, 149, 150151 (650, 651), 1738, 177 Molded Ring Workshop.SeeKP-2360 Painter Obstacle Race Painter 161 Patras Painter
546
Round Rump Painter 141-142 (610-613) Samos Group 2830 Sam Wide Group 2, 27, 3, 6, 16, 26, 33, 49, 76, 81 (277), 89-90, 128, 139, 150, 160-172 (675-719), 177 Serpentine Group 5, 27, 98 (367), 156, 157-158 (666667) Southeast Workshop 143 Spiral Dot Group 28, 30, 31, 142, 158-160 Spiral Group 5, 2830, 31, 15640, 158 (668-673) Stele Shrine A Workshop 55, 64 (159), 145-149 (622643) Stemmed Group 15640, 158 Thapsos class 4 Votive Shield Painter 140 (606, 607) Vrysoula Workshop 3, 6, 8, 9, 14, 21, 26, 28, 29-30, 37 (8), 38 (16), 41 (28, 29), 43, 47 (66), 48 (67), 53 (96), 66 (172, 173), 74-75 (236), 81 (273, 274), 82 (291, 292), 84, 87 (309-313), 89-90, 95 (347), 96 (355-358), 100 (381), 103, 105 (407), 106-107 (415417, 421-430), 109-110 (439, 442-447, 450, 453), 112-113 (466-473), 115-116 (485-490), 118 (503), 121 (515), 122-124 (520-537), 130 (558), 135-136 (589-598), 137 (604), 139, 142, 149-151 (644-651), 152-153, 160, 162, 177 WinchesterGroup 5, 28, 31, 151, 156-157 (663-665), 158
ATTIC Athens P 10359, Class of 11, 1113 CockGroup 11,1112 Haemonian 11, 1113, 12 LanicutGroup 12 Meidias Painter 2938, 3260, 169 (702) Negro Alabastra, Group of 162
PhanyllisGroup
11, 1112
Polygnotos Group 2938 Rayet Painter 11289 Spina Group 162, 16274 Syleus Painter 2938
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..
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163 (KP-533)
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143 (G37-2466a-)
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160 (CP-723)
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160 (CP-7-123--)
i::
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170 (C-34-1008)
L.
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163 (KP-533)
PLATE 12
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172 (C64-318)
171 (C-34-1158a-b)
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173 (C-64-317) *
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183 (C-37-1062)
? ..~,,~ / I:.iii:illilii?:??
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181 (C39-287a-0
,
:
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PLATE 13
...........
___..
188 (C-47-650)
191 (C-53-150)
189 (C-47-651)
190 (C-47-657)
192 (C-47-653)
193 (C-39-220)
_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_
195 (C-37-950)
194 (C-39-219)
.. *
Sy
196 (C-37-2465)
.
;
.
.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 201 (KV-724)
S~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ L~~~9
C
3
-18
0 C18-9
198 (L-75-241-3)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
199 (C-39-218) 198 (L-75-241-3)
200 (C-1982-49)
PLATE 14 .. . . . . .. .. .
. .... . . .
........ .......
................... ............................... ..., .... ............................. . ...... .: _ .............. :.
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20(-925)16(C-34-10109)' ... ..............
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.,...........
(-
(G39-297)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~21 208 (CP-2145) (K-132)
209 (G1982-50)
.....
204
~~:~~~:::::::l:':il':I~~~~~~~~
f
M:.;:U,:-i::
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~::::::.:::::::::::::::::::::::: ??~~~~~~~~~~~:, :: :::::::::::::::::: ::~:.:~j211~~~~~~~~~~~1 (KV-7654) ~:::~:"'""~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:: ..i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"i :i:. l.........i?: :::i i "i. ...........
'...::.i:"::''::"'"............
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218~~~~~~~~22(V75 (C-39) 2 1
_20 (*1-1)
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2 (KP-1329) .........: ~'~'"'"'"*:~'"'" ...........:(?.'""~':'":'"
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W: 223 (C-47-168) 223 (C-47-168)
......... . . :. ~::.:..~::.::.:::?::?::m ijii~:.. ........... ~!:~iii:iii~iiiii~;i`~...ii~jii~iiif~::~!i~!~i~ii.~ii~ii~?~.~
,''i?
... :.:':-.:',.:,,': ,::,.'::;i,,',:...: ```:::~:::;::.!`:`~m i~:::::!~iii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ii~~ii~giii~& `~jii~!i~~~~~i~ji~~iii!:....`..:`...::...`...`{.... :.:.:-.':',. -
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,........~~~~~~~ .... .:.;.;.:~~li~i ii:,?.cri''ii: ..... :':' ?'iii ,I,,! :..:.i:?:;il~iiii~i:~i :?:??::li~~ililiii~ii'::'::'?':::?:' _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:.?????? ?.?::i'.i?. r 1r:c (C-39-236):i~i~ 221 i:::::i-iiiiJ .:?:
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PLATE 15
....'........ .................. .. i.,, __
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222
236 236 (C-64-278) (C-64-278)
235 235 (C-34-1007) (C-34-1007)
231 231 (KV-642) (KV-642)
12.. .-1........;
:
r
..
C-6-162
24 (C61-35) (-613ll
V1225
(C65-580)
248
46
226 (C-65-583)
PLATE 16
r.: .. ....
.. ..
251 (C-65-590)
?s
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.
249 (C-61-281)
.
253 (C-53-209)
256 (C-47-704)
266 (CP-2029)
264 (C-1978-139)
257 (C-47-703)
269 (C341162)
271 (C-39-227)
PLATE 17
i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. i
..,
'
'
273 (C-64-114) ~~274
?".ll
12~~~~s~~~c
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(C-64-115)
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8.(KV-2') KV-217)
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(V-1
PLATE 18
.
..... ......
Ii
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~292
(C-64-117)
292 (C-64-117)
297 (C-37-1008)
302 (T-1248)
299
:
I
-'I~~~. 291 (C-64-116)
:
;.,
(T-1456)
299 (T-1456)
..: (T-1456):
304 (CP-736)
299
299 (T-1456)
PLATE 19
308 (T-687)
....
.I
.
b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ':..*
I_
309 (C-64-118) 307 rC-1978-127)
xN
410~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: ......... ..
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30
.
.
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T 823
.
305 (T-1823)
305 (T-1823)
?
.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
300 (T- 1845)
300 (T- 1845)
PLATE 20
312 (C-64-124)
313 (C-64-127) ..
. .. .ii;-;11'.~i~&~,11:i<--;
.
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?:_:.!Z~-~
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317 (CP-687)
310 (C-64-119)
328 (L-75-2414)
325 (KP-1993) 342 (KV-233)
347 (KP-132)
357 (64150)
(KV-194) 355 354 (64-148)
356 (C65-427) (C-64-149) 359
PLATE21
............
.
.
..
....
...
362 (C-47-723)
364 (C-53-131)
367 (C-47-722)
363 (C-47-724)
366 (KP-1582)
365 (KP-1681)
369 (C-37-2460)
370 (KP-1783)
371 (C-37-2461)
372 (C37-987)
PLATE22
375b (C-72-135b)
373 (C-37-1049) 375a (C-72-135a)
381 (C-64-314)
374 (KP-1023) ..............
377 (C-34-991)
378 (C34-992)
379 (C-34-993)
380 (C-34-994)
PLATE23
: 1i3 : ;: :.;:;;.2 i: :;. .. . . .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. s.... ::. .
.:
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397 (C-39-229)
384 (C-37-192bis)
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387 (b7--
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398 (C-47-173) '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: s
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388 (L.$-3-2I1) ** * P g
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386 (I..3?-2-14)
399 (C-63-4 73)
S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~us~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~..... ~~~~~ Witt WwB,
f0::::;0400
::.:r:.
.
iX~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~k~~~~j. ': .....
389a (L-37-2-lla)
:?
?.
.
389b (L-37-2-11b)
___tT. ....~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :....:.>.?:,...
401 (T-2900)
PLATE 24
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... ..
406 (C-34-996)
.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
X}_
,"-'"
_., ?.~96
46
:
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~~
.
m r"tmaI~~
4:98 .
.
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......
403 (C-31-170)
404 (KP-547)
- .....~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .........
. ,,
~~~~~~~~.....
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gig;gi
410 (C-34-997)
..... ....... ....... .....
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s.. a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ *..;.s..i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~'
~,.$,,i?,,a
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.','::'i;;f:..,'::~ii/i :.:...: .. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' MP'
.! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _.,,.
407 (C-64-180)
:}''
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_~~~~~
.
405 (C-34-1164)
'!?_!
?
411 (C-34-995)
~
~~~~~~~~~.
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S _
~~~~48(-190171
.
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41(--95
PLATE25
413 (C-34-1175)
412 (C-34-1170)
.
_,
.(:.
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_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,
416(C-......341182)
417 (C-634-11586) 421 (C-64-352)
,
i
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PLATE 26
. _,|
...lp - | - |
.......... 1l
_
|
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v
'
B
,
=
z
w
2
_
.
424 (C-64-354) 423 (C-64-353)
425 (C-64391)
426 (C-64-390)
429 (L-73-69-2) 2436
(C-70-420)1 (C-34-998)
435 427 (C-73-218)
_ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:.;~ ' : ' .:" ~~~~~~~3 (C3-98 43 (C-7-420
PLATE 27
.
.
_"
.............. l'~
a_
_
*
l
_
.............
439 (C-34-1001) 442 (C-64-324)
447 (C-64-332a-b)
. ?,
, -'~
~~ ~--.,_
. ..|
:
449 (C-34-1187)
444 (C-64-356)
(-3469-13301) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~43960
(C-64-27324) ~~~~~44250
448 (C-34-1002)
46147 (C-6964-332a-b)
451 (C-36-1125)
452 (C-73-228)
F
:
PLATE 28
........... _,:: .... , _ NSN.> ....'.........',..... ...:
'~
35!i
'~" "":
?:?'~~~~ ? s....
?
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P,.'.
O
i
465 (C-70-71a-b)
_l"r~wami.
...;......
-"_-}
..........
.
463 (C-71-554)
462 (C-72-35) ?:..
._
?
I*
.
..................
464 (C-40-17)
466 (C-64-365) 468 (C-64-179)
_
" ':*
..
.
467 (C-64-364) 471 (G64-254) 470
(C-64-253)473
(C-4-76)76(KP-:4
471 (C-64-254)
:
PLATE 29
~i
i
i
, ?,, ........
-m" ~:"
Ir;
.
. ...... : .....
"
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I.
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_ _- - ~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - - -- 477 (KP-1 16)
478 (C-64-177)
<w~
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... ..... : .
--
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?.~_,.-..:
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::::
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478 (C-64-177) 478 (C64-177)
u.
.
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482 (C-70-393) .__.:.'.
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477 ..
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s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ij :.i
:
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478 (6-64-177)_ ~ ~
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. .
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....
485 :C-6 25'
_.s,., ~!~i~;P~::i..!!~:! ==s======r;=========.==,
? C::09i:3:i:::iiii:~;:
82
.. '. :~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ii':iJii:Jii :.ii ':::i~i:ii::ii~jjii::i: : ? ::
478.....................: (G64-177) ::::i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i~~~~i:~~.'::: ':. ,:-::
: ' : : : : : : :
;i....... :i..:.: i:::;:i::::...................... :?::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.
:
:!:?1:::::; :.:::::::::::::::
..
485 (C 66-252j
5_8 (3-30
:?:i* '"
.. .
':"_: '
' __,,.,i ........................ i:.~:~?...............................
483
-: : :
....................... :::: ::::::.::::. . ''.
(C-39-310
484
:::::
(::-70-203:::
PLATE 30
.......
487 (C-64-267)
494 (L-37-2-22)
491 (C-61-234)
495 (C-61-202)
?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: 492
(well
1931-14-1
)
49
(KV-1281
)
498
(KV-1281
PLATE 31 ~"..i~ , ..~,?,":; I:. ~!"..'"'!
~~~~BIIPI-q?
I
I
II
.
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IE
........'~!~:. ~, ?Z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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~_..
Bbjs~f~&3"~9;
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I'I '"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1
O |Pc iI??I
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1
g~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. I Il
l'1
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1
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.
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f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: i~iiii!.: 506 (C-61-460)
503
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(C-64-350
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ..
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FW-: -~
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(C-7141) ~~~~~505
p
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~?:
s. E'i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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w
wwri~
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(T7-301)
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PLATE 32
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........ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..:....:,....~.... ...i
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:.:.
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509 (C-61-256)
513 (C-36-371)
515 (C-64-145) .;:.:: :?
. .
__ 520.::~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ...~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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-
:i:
::.2
:
;
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......."..........
.:?-
s-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,.~ i.i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * : ?;. :.:: X! ~,..:
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518 (C73-320)
i
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.. . ._~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: ._:Z: .:::i ..... ::: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~::: ============== -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -; .: i_ .
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516(KV-411)
512 (C-61-203) 1Wk
K
:
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520 (064-277) ...
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521 (C-64-162) 522 (C-64-328)
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PLATE 33
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i i~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:? ::::::::::::::::::::: :::::i~~~i:::i?:::?::::::::::: : : ::i~i 526 (C-64165)
523 (C-64-166)
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528 (064-167)
527 (064-276)
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525 (C-64-169)
.
:
.
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530 (64-275)
529 (-64-329)
....
PLATE 34
i'd
:?:L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 531 (C64-163) _
~~~~~~:ilE _'
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531 (C-64-163) :.......
Eip C
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163):::::
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535 (C-64-323)
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=:=:========================:===== 536 (C-64-349)
PLATE35
i:~~~...
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542 (C-71-235)
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543 4 71-2) 5(C_71-265) (C" '/a~:?:;....
559 (KP
541 (C-73-233)4-115) 56541 ) (C-74-115)
....... _ir
5
56' ...
'""-?.r~f??.. ?. ..i:'"' t'l:.J:
549
<:[,, ...
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546
(KV-613)
?j
._
(KV-266)
PLATE 36
572 (C-34-1189a)
573 (C-34-1190) 574 (C-34-1191)
576 (KV-185)
581 (C-1982-52)
577 (KV-188)
580 (KV-580)
582 (KV-187)
583 (KV-1210)
PLATE 37
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589
(C-64-95) ....586..Li: (C-634-1014) ?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ..;. .'... ......... ? .:..........
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PLATE38 . ..
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bit~i" ..Sll................... ;i ,?t~rw
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M
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612 (C-72-16)
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611 (C-40-473) ' g wei_ . , ....................................... .............................................
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61
66(C-47-489)
iv
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618 (C-47-491)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
PLATE 39
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620 (C-47-573)
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v
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PLATE40
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628 (KPF2300)
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636
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PLATE 41
:?...;.. :.;:!;i.; i;%!J!:i!{gi!!i:i!!ijli ::.i? ''? ..i.. q.. ;:. !ji/!i-.:..: . .'ii... .. . :iii;iiiiii ..
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646 (C-61-241)
644 (C-72-78)
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647
(C-40-338)
645 (C-40-338)
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641(KV-545)
64 (K:V-?31)
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643(~W-?1?)
PLATE42
t E i':'.................... .......... ?; ??:??::.::~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C!it;~iiiii~~i:,~: ',"'~,;:.?:~:z';i~B,!Jiiiiil:~!ii?~i:!:i!~:~~!
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650 (C-75-81)
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(665499a)
c 651a(C5-499c) *
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65c(C5-49c
PLATE 43 ' ...~'~":~ .....~'"'. o:.. "_.i~
.:..... .....
_ _ . .......
663 (C-47-729)
I
665 (C-65-109)
669 (C-36-1124)
667 (KP-1561a-b)
672 (L-6362-1)
663 (C64-476b-729)
67565 (C-65-109)
673a (C-64-476a) 673c (C-64-476c)
669 (C-36-1124)
PLATE44
.' '..': ? . ?:...':...' . . .. . . .. . .:: :.. . . :', . ... ..- .':..I:..::":.':' .... .. : . : ..., . , ' ~ : : .1z. . . . ..l... . :, :::;: .....:.:B;... :. ...::........ :-':: .. ...., I.."--.. -** ....,.:-: : :..... , ?~ . , . ": ':' ? ? .:.,:.... ..>i.. .j.. :.':,..:; ?., "-.,:.. .... . . ,.. I.. :; ~~~;.li :, :::;:'::? :,;I.: ..... . .. .. . : ... . . 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~::::::::::::-::::::::::::::::: :.. ... .. . 4t-. %. '::~. : ??If:..:".. ... .
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PLATE 45
714:
(L:31-9-8r8)
71
:
.....
v
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710 (KV-750)
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(710 KV-75) . ..,~:
717 (L-31-9-94)
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71
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(L:1993)
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713 (L-31-9-87)
712 (L-31-9-85)
(L-31-9-85) (L-31-9-87) 712
..
713
715 (L-31-9-91) 702...(C-64.-225).716 718 (L-31-9-95) . ........... .. ... .......... ' . .;! ,
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(L-31-9-93)
716 (L-31-9-93) ' ' .
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..
'
702 (C64-225)
.........
