Conversational Texts in Eastern Neo-Aramaic (Gzira Dialect)

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Author: Aki'o Nakano

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CONVERSATIONAL TEXTS IN

EASTERN NED-ARAMAIC (Gzira Dialect)

Aki'o NAKANO

STUDY OF LANGUAGES AND CULTURES OF ASIA AND AFRICA A SERIES NO. 4

Introductory Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa,

The aim of this paper is to present one of Eastern Neo-Aramaic dialects in the

4, Nishigahara, Kila-ku, Tokyo

cOllyersational style. Neo-Aramaic is classified as "Vestern NeD-Aramaic and Eastern NeD-Aramaic. The former is consist of some dialects in such villages as ?\Ia'!D.la, Bakh'a and Juba'clin in Lebanon and Antilebanon, while the latter is consist of some dialects spoken in the region north of Mosul, in the region between Lake Urima and Lake Van (sometimes called "Neo-Assyrian") and in the district of Tur Abdin (sometimes called "TOroyo"). Gzira dialect is a sub-dialect of this Urmia-Van dialect and veql akin to Zakho dialect, which is also one of the sub-dialects of Urmia-Van

dialect. Gzira dialect of Neo-Aramaic was spoken by Jewish people in Gzira (Turkish: Cizre). a small town in the south-eastern part of Turkey. It is most likely that this dialect is no longer spoken in this district, since it's speakers left Turkey for Syria, Irak or America in the nineteen twenties. At the period of Palestine 'Var, most of those staying in Syria or Irak immigrated to Israel. Consequently, nowadays in Israel, this dialect is spoken by these immigrants and their descendants at their homes, among the relatives and among the friends who came up (rom Gzira. Any speakers of this dialect never 'w rite this dialect in written form, so this dialect is purely an oral (spoken) language. And all of them are also multilinguals: they speak Hebrew, Arabic (Palestine, Syriac or Iraki Arabic), Kurdic anel / or Turkish. The informant of all these texts is !\tIr. Zion ben-Shmuel (in Aramaic pronunciation [sljon ben Jamu·?el]), born in Jerusalem in the year 1937_ He is a bilingual of Neo-Aramaic (Gzira dialect) and Modern Hebrew (Israeli-Sphardic)_ He speaks also English and everyday Japanese. His father, llmv deceased, came from Gzira (Cizre) and spoke Aramaic, Arabic and Hebrew. His mother came from I I J

© Copyright t973 by Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa Printed by TOKYO PR ESS CO., LTD.

ltobQshi, Tokyo, Japan Tel. (932) 9291·4

,

Urfa, a city in southern district of Turkey, and speaks the same languages as her husband. So 1\Ir. Zion ben-Shmuel speaks Aramaic with his mother. his next younger brother, adult cousins and some neighbours from the same region. The texts are principally composed of the questions of Nakano (marked as N.) on the everyday life of Jewish people in Israel and of the informations (rom ~IL Zion ben-Shmuel (marked as Z.). The "'hole materials were recorded with a tape-recorder in October, 1970, in Kamakura, Japan and afterwards transcribed phonemicallyS) with the informant's checking. Needless to say that the utterances of the reporter (Nakano) are of no value as linguistic material and should be understood only as an inducement for the informant to talk with the reporter in Aramaic.

i\1r. ben-Shmuel describes the life of Israelis in 'aoristic present' and sometimes in 'past habitual' forms. since he came to Japan in 1968 and has stayed in Kamakura for three yea rs. At this stage the glossary is very imperfect and is not intended to present the detailed semantic informations.

CONTENTS

The notes are simple and brief explanations of

Jewish life and religion.

iii

Introductory . .

In order to give the notes. the reporter receh'ed many valuable informations from :Mr. Zion ben-Shmuel himself. Rabbi Marvin Tokayer of Jewish Community in Tokyo (from New York), lIIrs. i\Iazal Tokayer (Rabbi i\Iar"in's wife, from Jerusalem) and :Mr. Doron Ironi (Tokyo University for Technology, rnaster co urse. from Tel-Ayiv). 1\lrs. Na'oko Nakano helped the reporter to translate the texts into English. The reporter is very much obliged to i\lr. Zion ben-Shmuel

?ixala

1.

dana meal laxma bread zwana shopping mbasole cooking xi4re "egeta bles jpaja baking ~alla w-ma~~a hallah and matzah

I.

2. 3. 4.

and all these people.

5. 6.

April, J 971 Nakano Aki'o Assistant Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa

7.

jlUe

II. I.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

5. V. (1)

(2) (3)

Nakano Aki'o "Texts of Gzira Dialect of Nco-Aramaic" Journal of Asian and African Studies, vol. 3 pp. 00 (Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa 1970) Hans J. Polotsky "Eastern Neo·Aramaic Zakho" F. Rosenthal (cd.) An Aramic Hand· book part 1[/2, pp 105-11I , 'Viesbadcn, 1967 Nakano Aki'o " Preliminary Reports on the Zaxo Dialect of Neo-Aramic Phonology" Journal of Asia n and African Studies, vol. 2, pp. 000 1969 (With a slight change that the anaccentcd [i ........ e] and [u ...... o] in a closed syllable at word-final is interpreted Iii and l ui respectively.)

kuslsa ha t jiUe clothings qindare, ~indale shoes, sandals namusije, tOl bed, mosquitonet lJammam hammam gulage tuft . . . . neighbours, friends. family

da\'w8 wedding lewaja funeral mta'ole

play

1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

22

34

.................. . ...... '

38 44

xaje

VI.

14 16 16 18 16 20

24 24 28 28 30

bapixte ceremonies I. sapsa sabbath 2. brit mila circumcision 3. bar mi~wa Bar-mitzvah 4.

2 6 6 8 10 12 14 14

clothes.

jirane, xure, mispalJa

III.

IV.

2

foods

life sma work kibiic kibbuts. 'askar army bajere cities go Japan in Japan

44 46 48 48

50 -i

?ezawasa

VII. I.

2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. VIII.

feasts

ros haSana New Year sukkot Feast of Tabernacle I)anuka Hanukkah pUrim Purim pisl)a Passover lag ba-?orner Lag baomer s3vu'6t, tis·" be-?av Pentecost, Tish'a beav

Supplement I.

2.

bar mi~wa <2> Bar Mitzvah <2> brit mila <2> circumcision <2> .

52 52 54 54 56 58 60 60 60 67 62

Glossary

67

Notes

91

.

ii

I. 1.

I.

'ixala

dana

1.

N:

1. qamaie marri 'il danit kudium. 2. jaOni ma kix1i,tun bi-staia, b-danit palgldium w-danit ' aSeia? Z: 3. mh3qir xa ga xeta. N: 4. qamaie ' il staia: ma kfalretun mbinoke? Z: 5. 'idio mbinoke? N: 6. la, la 'atta. 7. go JeruSalaim ma kfalretun mbinoke? Z: 8. ma ksiitax? N: 9. w-ma kixIetun? Z: 10. 'e, kSatax ia qahwa, ia eai ia xalwa. 11. kixlax laxma w-gupta, ia laxma b-I)ilw, ia laxma b-I)em?li w-dusa. 12. I-naqle kixlax I)alawe. 13. llixma, kixIax .immit eai ia qahwa ia xoilwa. 14. 'aia ftara deni ila dlimmit qemax mbinoke. N: 15. mAni gmal)zir staia kisIetun? Z: 16. kisIeni iimmi gmal)ziniwa staia, ia I-naqle 'axuan gozaxwa. 17. wilnaqle xasa didi gozawa. 18. kiz kurdimiie 'aSaia, ia'ni danit 'a~irta, rapsit kullu i1a. 19. kixu 'ixoila mbuSla. 20. danit palgidium .... gure gnabli 'ixala I-sula min besa. 21. kSaqli bi'e w-?Ajala .immit laxma, w-kulle mindi. 22. I-nsqle gnabli 'ixalit 'asaia la sula. 23. kulxa w-'ixala dide, ia'ni .is raba sikle. 24. gure gnabli 'ixala min besa I-sula. 25. I-miqle .itlu mis'ad6t go sula, mis'adot 'arzan. 26. kixli go sula, I-naqle .is nase kixIi go mis'adot regilot. 27. kulxa malo d-gmal)ib. N: 28. dammit welux talmiza go madrase, malo weIe? Z: 29. dalDElit welan talmlze, sa'a .isra kixhixwa danit .isra. 30. kSaqlaxwa sandwic min besa, mux hixma w-bi?ta, ia laxma w.. l:telw, ja hixma w-gupta. 31. w-min madrase gjawiwa-Ian xa kasiia kakao ia xalwa. N: 32. 'immit xalwa? Z: 33. 'aiwa, 'immit xahva, malo d-naqlc gzoni cincen6t xalwa. 34. gure-'i kixu 'ixala sa'a tmania w-poilge, 'ie'a; kixIi go swa danit mbinoke. 35. 'iI besa kSati bass qahwa. 36. ia'ni qemi mbinoke, kixli xa mindi x"fifa w-kSati ia qahwa ia xa mindi Mlxa. 37. go sula sa'a tmania w-palge .ie·a kixli danit mbinoke. 38. kixIi bi'e qilie, ?Ajala, zet"ne, dagim mlul)im w-k"llc mindi k"lxa malo d-g'ajib-Ie.

Foods

Meal

N : I. First, please tell me about everyday m eals.

2. That is, wh at do you eat

a t breakfast, lunch and dinner? Z: 3. Ask me on e by o ne. N: 4. TrIen, breakfast: what do you eat in the morning? Z: 5. This morning? N: 6. 1\0, not now 7. In Jerusalem, what do you eat in the morning? Z: 8. " ' hat we drink? N : 9. Yes, and what you eat. Z: 10. 'Veil, we drink coffee, tea or milk.

II. We eat bread and cheese, bread and jam, or bread with butter and honey. 12. Sometimes we eat "halawe." 13. _' Ve take b read with tea, coffee or milk. 14. This is our breakfast in the

morning. N : 15. At your home, who prepares the breakfast? Z:

16. At my home, m y mother usually did it, and occasionally we did it, too. 17. And m y sister sometimes did it. IS. For us Kurds, dinner, that is, the evening meal is the biggest. 19. They take warm dishes (Iit.cooked dishes). 20. As lor lunch, men bring something to ea t from home to their working places.

21. They take bread

with eggs and salad, or w ith anything they like. 22. Sometimes they take some portion of food that they ate a t previous dinner. 23. Each one takes what he wants. that is, there are big varieties. 24. l\Ien take foods from home to their working places.

25. In some cases, there are moderate cafe-

ter ias at the working places. 26. Some take lunch at their working places. and some others go to o rdinary (town) cafeterias. 27. Everyone does as he likes. N: 2S. How was it when you were a schoolboy? Z: 29. "'hen ' .lie were pupils, we ate snacks at ten. 30. 'Ve took sandwitches [rom home, that is, bread and egg, bread and jam, or bread and cheese. 31. And they served us a cup of cocoa or milk at school. N : 32. Milk?· Z : 33. Yes, milk, in bottles in the same way as you buy it here. 34. Adults also take snacks at about eight thirty or nine: they take their mOlning meal at their working places.

35. (In such cases) they only take coffee at home.

36. That is, when they wake up in the morning, they take very light meal with coffee or something of the sort. 37. They take their morning meal at their working places at about eigh t thirty or nine. 38. They take fried eggs, salad, olives, salted fish or anything they like. 2

-3-

N: Z:

N: Z: N: Z: N: Z: N: Z:

N:

Z: N: Z:

N: Z:

N: Z:

N:

39. kSaqli min biisu? 40. ?ajlVa, zAkau kSaqli min besu, kiib:a gmibU ?ixalit bese, ja'ni maio dgma~ib, maio d-blixte gimbasla. 41. lV-zAkan kixli go sma, bderex klal ?is, maio d-g1mrax, standard. . 42. ?ana kpaJxlnwa go "?eged". 43. danit mbinoke kixlaxwa sava 'Iie?a: bi?ta, ?:Ala~a, margarlna, iaxma, zetune, caj ja qahlVa lV-xalwa ja kaMo, e •••• ~ehv, nunijasa, dajsa. ki?it-ta? 44. ?ajlVa, dajsa ja'ni•••• 45. dajsit solet. ki?it ma i1a solet? 46. lelVe rizza? 47. la la. naqle naqle bAle bderex kliil dajsit solet. 48. dajsa xlisa i1a? 49. gdari xapca sakar •••• mux ?otmil. 50. les sakar go dajsa? 51. ?ana la-gdarin sakar, bAle maio d-g'ajib-Ie. 52. ja'ni xapca sakar zAkan gibe. 53. ?ana gms~ibin dla sakar. I-miqle kixli dajsit rizza lVx3llVa. 54. lV-?1man kixletun danit palgidjum? 55. go sma? b-jaYlle? 56. e, klxli sa'a t.e?sar lV-paige danit palgidjum. 57. ?ixalit palgidjum mux ?ixalit mbinoke Ue? 58. la, xzi zAkan gmesi ?ixala min besa, gmesi xa mindi xalifa. 59. kixli go sma wiua go mis' ada. 60. zAkan gimri shindard, kixli baiaia, xa mindi mux batata, rizza, '1itrijot. 61. kixli xi4ra mbusaIta, mux fa~ulije, ?afuna, kisu?1m, bamja. 62. kixli xapca pisra, III."ma, maraqa. 63. kixli ba'den ja perot ja piidink. 64. Iil-ksati xa'llra b-danit palgidjum? 65. maska?ot ~arifim bderex kllil lii-kSati b-danit palgidjum go sula. 66. go siila la-kSati la-bira lV-la maska?ot. 67. gma~ibi sati bira, bass zAkan ksate bira, lebe plilix bassir bira. 68. pajis mux damix, mux xapcaski ra. 69. 'a~irta bderex 1d31 kSati bira. 70. ?ls nase gma~ibi Xa'llra, k6iiak. 71. bAle la-kSati plba xa'llra, raba koiiak. 72. mar-ri ma kim talmize b-danit palgldjum go madrase? 73. a, go madrase? bderex Id:ll madrase gjalVa danit palgldjum. 74. gjalVllVa ~A!aia, laxma, maraqa, p6dink, ja'ni ?ix:lla xalifa ia jalunke. 75. ?U besa k6txa gimbaSii maio d-ki?e, maiO d-gma~ib. 76. ?axnan kisleni gOZaXlVa I-naqle kixlax ban~ora mbusalta. 77. ?im ?idjo xapca, xaraje b8xlax. 78. ?sjlVa, ?Ua madlm-Iux.

-4-

N: 39. Do they take those things from home? Z :. 40. Yes, when they take something from home, they take whatever they like, or whatever their wives prepare. 41. And when they eat at their working places J they take what they call "standard". 42. 1 was "oorking in Eged. 43. 1\Iorning meal was at nine, and I took egg, salad, margarine, bread, oliYes, coffee, milk, cocoa, . . . jam, fish, or "daysa". Do you know it? N: 44. Yes, "daysa" is .... Z: 45. "Daysa (po rridge)" of "solet".

Do yo u know what " solet" is?

N: 46. Isn't it rice? Z: 47. No, no. It is rarely made of rice, and u sually it is a porridge of "solet (fine flour)". N: 48. Is the porridge swee t? Z: 49. They add a bit of sugar . . . like oat-meal. N: 50. Does the porridge contain no sugar? Z: 51. I don't use sugar, but each one does as he likes. 52. That is, he'll add a bit of sugar if he likes. 53. I like the one without sugar. Sometimes they eat "daysa" of rice and milk. N: 54. What time do you take lunch? Z: 55. At working places? 56. Uh ... they take lunch at about twelve-thirty. N: 57. Is lunch similar to breakfast? Z: 58. No, when they take something from home, it's only light snack.

It's

not heavy dishes. 59. They eat at their working places or at cafeterias. 60. "Standard" m ean s potatoes, or things like that, that is, rice or noodles. 61. They eat such cooked vegetables as beans, peas, "kishuyim" and okra. 62. They eat a bit of meat, bread and soup. 63. Later, they eat fruits or puddings. N: 64. Don't they drink wine at lunch? Z: 65. At working places, they usually don't take strong beverages at lunch. 66. At working places, they don't drink neither beer nor any beverages. 67 . They like beer, but after drinking heer, they cannot work. 68. One becomes sleepy or drunken.

69. Usually they drink beer in the evening.

70. There are people who like ,rine or cognac.

71. But they don't drink

too much wine nor too much cognac. N: 72. Tell me about what pupils eat at lunch in school. Z: 73. At sch ool? They sen'e us lunch at school. 74. They serve salad, bread, soup and pudding, that is, light meal for children. 75. At home one cooks what he knows and what he likes. 76. We often cooked tomatoes. 77. I ha\'e some today, so let's eat it later. N : 78. Yes, thank you.

Z: N: Z: N:

Z: N: Z:

79. gozi baninjane qilje, gimbasli ba!a!a, rizza, japrax. xiUox japrax? 80. kUHn 'ixale, w-kulxa 'ixala dide •••• bamja, fa~ulije jaruqta. 81. w-.is nase kixli danit palgidjum I-besa biissir gda'ri min sUIa? 82. 'anja kpalxi la-kixli f'iba palgidjum,
2.

laxma

N:

99 .•is raba silde did laxma, lawa? 100. .idjo .is kma' silde. 101. .is laxma xwara, koma, pita; laxma \t:ilabi, laxma bavdadi; .is kUlle sikle. 102. 'ema SikH kixletun 'H besa? 103. zAkan xzelux go Jisra'el, .iswa bSlxa min danja pitot Tuwe. wit x1zja? 104. gzonaxwa Taba minnu, bAle kixlax kuHe mindi, I-miqle \t:ilabi, I-naqle malo d-klsja. 105. kulxa malo d-gma\tib; x8kma? gma\tibi Mlxa, w-xakma' gma\tibi balxa. 106. x8kma' la-gma\tibi laxma koma, xakma' la-gma\tibi xwara.

Z: N: Z:

Z: 79. They also make fried egg-plants, and cook potatoes, rice, o r "yaprakh"_ H ave you eyer tried "yaprakh"? 80. They do all kinds of cooking, and each one has his own dish, ... okra, peas. N: 81. Are there people who take Iunch after coming back from work? Z: 82. "'Varkel's don't eat too much at n oon, because they know that they can go home within two or three hours. 83. At home, they eat cooked, warm N: Z: r\;

Z:

dishes. 84_ I s it lunch? 85. Uh .... they don't eat too much, that is, they take light meal. 86. And a fter coming home at about five or six, they eat dinner. 87. \\rhen do you eat soup? Only at dinner? 88. Kurds ... _ Eastern J ews do not eat soup so often. 89. Originally, soup is a dish of Ashkenazi, " 'esterners. 90. sometimes make soup, but it's no~ so often. 91. " Te don't eat so up everyday. 92. Soup is not necessar) for Kurds' meal, that is, it doesn't fit. 93 . Sometimes we eat "khamusta". "Khamusta" is a sour soup, made of leaves of "slike (gree n beets)". 94. \\'e eat it wit h macaroni or rice in it. 95. So, the sou p tastes a little sour. 96. Generally, the type and the taste of Kurds' soup are different from those of Ashkenazis. 97. Sometimes we make soup with noodles which are similar to soba you eat here. 98. " 'e eat hot soup.

"'e

2.

Bread

N: 99. There are many kinds of b read, aren't there? Z;

100. Now there are many kinds. 101. There are white bread, black bread, "pita"; Aleppo-bread, Bagdad-bread; there are a ll sorts.

N: 102. " ' hat type of bread do you eat at home? Z: 103. If you saw one in Israel, I think it was the round "pita". Did yon see it? 104. In many cases, we bought "pi la", but (i n fact) we eat all kinds of bread, sometimes Aleppo.bread, and sometimes whatever we can obtain. (lit. whatever comes at hand).

3.

N: Z: N: Z: N: Z:

zwana

type and

107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112.

black one_

jinllDox gezawa I-suqa kudjum? gezawa I-suqa piba, kim·at kudjum, leia\t"t !laM 'arM naqle b-sapsa. w-dammit babux ~ax wele, 'awa-si? babi la-geziwa !a zwana. bAle b-'urxa min s6la? la, la-gzawinwa.

6 -

like another.

106. Some like white bread, and some like

3.

Shopping

~~:

Z;

107. Did your mother go to a market everyday? 108. She went there almost everyday, at least three or four times a week.

N:

109. 'Vhen your father was aliYe, did he go there, too?

Z;

110. He never 'went shopping.

~:

Ill. But how about on his way home from work? 112. ~o, he didn't.

Z: -

s om~

105. Each one eat what he likes; some like one

Z:

113. misi!mane gozi Mtxa, lewa? 114. kiz miSilmane·si bderex k1iil zwana xJ4ra, laxma w-?anja so?ale sui baxtasa i1e. bass I-naqle ?is gure gezi I-zwana.

4.

mbasole

N: Z:

115. jlmmux Mr gimbaslawa I-~ala willa ?Immit xlisox? 116. jlmmi gimbaSlawa I-~ala bderex k1iil, xasi gmajmiwa I-besa I-naqle. 117. wib-derex k1iil kma? w,,'da kSaqla (a ?ozi 'asaja? 118. taluj ma giban mbaslax, ja'ni vis ?ixala kSaqil palgit sa"a, ?is ?ixsla ksaqil bizrab wa'da. 119. b-sapsa gozi blirab ?ixala, ksaqil raba wa'da. 120. vis miSe kl?i palxi Mjja, vis nase kpiilxi hedi. 121. bderex klal gdsri ?Lxala go markaz w-kUIla miSpa~a kSaqla minne? 122. gl]lali ~al:lDajat w-gmesi l-sUI~an. 123. w-bderex k1iil kutxa kexil, cukun kisleni I-besa kutxa kexil b-yer wa'da. 124. xa gda?ir sa"a vista min sola, W"X3 gda.?ir sa~'i'a tmanja, w-xa •••• ja'ni kutxa kexil ta gjane. 125. bass I-naqle, lemasal b-Iel sapsa, kulln klxli miyzaz. 126. gmesi gl]lali sal)najat, gmesi l-kUtx. gdarl-Ie ~al)naje. 127. kud naqla jimmox gmcsijawa ?ix:ila? 128. ja'ni lazim masxina ?ixiila kud naqla? 129. la, vis ?balle kt:ikli qarlre-si lemasal. 130. gimbasIi-Iu w-gdari-Iu wkixIl-Iu qarlre-si bas i1u. 131. rizza lemaSiil, gdarl-Ic bi-ptlIe kosallta, pajiS saxina km,,? sa"e, ?lbox doqit-te sa."{lna tre?sar sa'i''i'e ?afllu. 132.?i1 nura? 133. ptlIe ki?lt-ta? pUle ptilija, ki?it-ta? 134. Itex vis nura? 135. ?ajwa, xspca, ja'ni raxuqa. ki?lt-ta ma i13 ptilijs? 136. nura nurit pane? 137. la, la, ptlIe ?i1 gaz ila. 138. doqa gdari-Ia saxlnta, gdari ?ixala ?i1 resa, ja'i'ni ?ixala bl:ulmil saxlna. 139. ham (a sapsa ila? 140. b-,ilipsa gdari sra?a bad,,1 pUle, sra?a-si gdoqa-Ie ?ixala saxina hil \'a~irta. 'jlale!a mbasole. 141. vema sikil ?ale vis go matba",?

N:

N: Z:

11 3. Moslems do so, don't the),? 114. Among ~IIoslems, it is generally women's task to buy vegetables, bread and other things.

N:

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N:

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N:

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4.

Cooking

N:

115. Did your mother always cook by herself, or with your sister?

Z: 116. Usually she did it alone, and m y sister occasionally helped her. N:

117. Generally speaking, how long does it take to prepare dinner? Z: 118. It depends on what we ",vant to cook, that is, there are dishes which take only thirty minutes to cook, and others which take more than that. 119. On Sabbath, they prepare more dish es, and it takes m ore time. 120. There are poeple who can cook quickly, and others who are slow in their N:

Z:

N: Z:

N: Z: N: Z: N: Z: N: Z:

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But sometimes there are men who go shopping.

N:

w9 rks . 121. Usually do they place a dish in the middle and does each member of a family take some portion from it? 122. They put foods in a dish and bring it to a table. 123. And each one eats from it, because at my home, each one eats at different time. 124. One comes home from work at six, another at eight, and still others ... that is, each one eats alone. 125. But sometimes, for instance on Sabbath evening. they eat together. 126. Foods are sen'ed in large dishes, and each one has his own dish, too. 127. Does your mother bring dishes every time? 128. That means, does she h ave to warm dishes every time? 129. No, for instance, there are dishes which are suitable to be served cold. 130. There are cold dishes which taste good even after it has been cooked and put into plates. 131. 1£ you put things like rice on a small kelocine stove, you can keep it warm for several hours, you can even keep it warm for twenty-four hours. 132. On fire? 133. Do you know "ptile"? "Ptile" is a "ptiliya" (in Hebrew), ),ou know? 134. Is it the one with fire below? 135 . Yes, with short flame, that is, flame is far from a pan. Do you know "ptiliya"? 136. Of coal? 137. No, "putile" uses kelocine. 138. It is for keeping a pan warm, you put foods on it, and so, you can keep foods warm. 139. Is it for Sahhath, too? 140. On Sabbath, they use "shra'a" instead of "ptile", "shra'a" can also keep foods warm until evening. It's one of COOking utensils. 141. 'Vhat utensils are there in a kitchen? -

9 -

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N: Z:

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N: Z: N: Z: N: Z: N:

142. qazane, kl.it ma ila qazane? gimblisli gawa. koclqsa •••• 143. blilki 'Is raba so'ale go ma!bax. simmaje ma iln? 144. qazanat, qazanit xalwa, qazanit mlsxa. 145. bderex k1:iI 'o\nja datijlm gimpal·I-lu. 146. qazanat gimbliSIi gawu 'lxal mlsxa, Wni xalwa w-'ixalit pisra• 147. 'Is 'ala glmri ma~vat? 148. a, doqa! doqa willa maqle. 149. doqa xa mindi batxa ruwa i1e, lalle .Iza. 150. doqa ki'lt-te ma ile? 151. 'awa qali gawe bOje willa xlmma i1e, min prlzla ile. 152. qali gawe w-'Ibox masxinlt-te. 153. q3li gawe ba!a!a •.•• W ni kud mindi. 154. 'Idjo 'anja jomasa 'Is maqle-si. ki'lt-ta ma ila maqle. 155. ?aja xuz ma~vat ila, ja'ni !a qlaja. 156. 'ajasi qali gawa ba!a!a, bi'e w-xa mindi. 157. malo gimblisli rizza? 158. malo?! gimbaSIi rlzza 'Immit plsra willa ksesa ja bAta plsra w-Ia ksesa. 159. qall-Ia ksesa, qall-Ia gimbasli-Ia ksesa, bafden gimblisli rizza mjyzaz. 160. go ma? 161. go qazane. qamaje qall-Ia gimbasll-Ia xapca semen w-qulja hiI gpI~xa gblisla. bafden gdari rizza, gimbasli rizza. 162. w-bafden? 163. xala~, rlzza. ba'den klxli. 164. milxa? 165. a, gdari xapca mllxa, .ajwa. 166. kxaswin dammit ksesa mblisla gdari lJIaja w-mllxa kma' d-Iazim. 167. bafden gdari rlzza. 168. malo gimblisli ksesa? 169. 'ana la-ki'in malo gimblisli ksesa. 170. bass kxaswin qatl-Ia qamaje bit xapca semen go qazane. 171. xaraje gdari lJIaja, gmazidi lJIaja w-k~amli. 172. gdari nura kosanta, k~amli gbasla. 173. ba'den gmazidi lJIaja, kxaswin 174. hiI gblisla gmazidi lJIaja, lJIaja gp\~xi, gdari xapca, gdari rlzza. 175. w-bafden gdari xapca bl~!a, bl~!a xapca qall-Ie 'Immit semen.

5.

xl4re

N: Z:

176. 'ema slkil dit xl4re .Itloxun? 177. 'Is fa~utlje jaruqta, bazilja, fa~ulja wlSla, lubja •.• kixn xamu~, mux banibjane xamu~, ki'lt-tu jafni? 178. zetune kixn, xjare, tillile.

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Z: 142. There is a "qazane (pan)", do you know "qazane"? They cook things in it. Fork .... N: 143. I guess there are man y things in a kitchen. What are the names of those things? Z: 144. Pan, and milk pan, that is, pan for cooking clairy products. 145. Usually the pious people distinguish these two kind s. 146. Pans with which they cook dairy products, that is, foods made from milk, and pans with which they cook meats. N: 147. Is there a utensil like frying-pan? Z: 148. Oh, "doqa"! "Doqa" or "maqla" . 149. "Doqa" is large as this size, and has no handle.

150. Do you know " doqa"?

151. It is for parching

" boye (seeds of watermelon or pumpkin)". or heating foods. and is made of steel. 152. They can fry or heat things in it. 153. They fry potatoes in

154. Now there are frying-pans, too. 155: It's like "makhYat" (in Hebrew), and is used to fry things. 156. They fry potatoes, eggs and other things in it, too. N : 157. How do they cook rice? Z: 158. How? They cook rice with meat or chicken, or without any. 159. They first fry or cook chicken, and then cook rice with it. it .. .. They can do anything with it.

N: 160. In what? Z : 161. In a pan. First, they fry a chicken with a bit of oil, and some 'w ater, and boil it. Then, add rice, and cook it.

162. And then? 163. That's all, this is cooked ri ce. Then, they eat it. 164. How about salt? 165. Oh, they add a bit of salt, you 're right. 166. I think that after heating chicken. they add appropriate portion of salt and water to it. 167. Then they add rice. N: 168. How do they cook chicken? Z: 169. I don't know how they cook chicken. 170. But I guess that first they fry it with a bit of oil in a pan. 171. They put some water, add some more, and wait. 172. They turn do\vn the fire, and wait until it comes to boil. 173. Then I guess they add some more water. 174. They keep on adding water until it comes to boil, add a bit of salt when the water comes to boil, and add rice. 175. Then they add some onion, which they fry with oil beforehand.

N: Z: N: Z:

5.

Vegetables

N: Z:

176. What kind of vegetables do you have? 177. Green peas, beans, soy beans, cowpeas .. . they eat pickles, for instance, pickled egg-plants, do you know it? 178. They eat olives, cucumbers, and peppers. -11-

N: Z:

179. 'is Ire sikle did fililla, lewa? 180. 'anja filme gmaxmi~i.lu. 181. 'e, .is smoqe w-.is knUe mindi. 182. •is Mlxa jarixe, ki'il-Iu? 'ani bas ilu ta, hinna, mxallal. 183. gozi-Iu mxallal. .is raba sikle, ~er sHill ile. 184. gamba hi-gozi-Iu mxallal, bAle ·is 'anja filfile I-miqle gimbasli-Iu. 185. .ibox mbaslil-Iu .immil banqora. 186. Mtxa jarh:e ilu, 'anja gimbaSli-lu I-naqle. 187. kixli-Iu 'immillaxma, .immil banqora w-xapca bi~!a. N: 188. mato gozi mxaUa1? Z: 189. mato gozi-Iu?! 'ana bzati la-gozin, la-ki'in mato gozi. N: 190. bAle smi'li minnux did kisloxun jimmux har klora zelnne, lewa? Z: 191. jimmi, gdoqawa zelnne. 192. kisleni I-qesa kloraxwa zelnne. zAkan la-klori-Iu zelnne, gnapqi l!Iarire. 193. ja 'anja zelune did bel I)aroset gdari gawu darmane mejul)adim ta maxll-Iu. 194. bass 'anja gdoqax-Iu I-besa bistol, klori-Iu bistol. 6.

N: Z:

179. There are two kinds of peppers, aren't there? 180. They pickle them. 18 1. Yes, there are red ones and many other kinds . 182. There are long ones of this size, do you knmv them? good lor pickling.

183. They pickle them.

they cook.

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jpaja

N: 195. marri mato gjapi pila?

185. You can cook it with tomatoes.

186. They sometimes cook

the long ones of this size. 187. They eat it with meat, tomatoes and a bit of onion. 188. How do they make pickles? 189. How do they make it? I dno't make it myself, and I don't know how to make it. 190. But you said that at your home your mother ahl'ays splitted oli,-es belore she pickle them, didn't you? 191., My mother pickled olives. 192. At m y home, she split olives. If they don't split o lives, the pickles will become bitter. 193. As for factory-made olives, they add something which prevent the pickles to become bitter. ] 94. But the home made ones are better, that is, it's better to split them

N: 197. jimmux la-gjapja ka'ke ja laxma? Z: 198. jimmi hi-gjapja bderex klaI. 'idjo la-gjapi I-besa. gzoni laxma go

N:

beforehand. 195. Tell me about how they bake " pita".

suqa. 199. qamaje gjapiwa I-besa. xa gjapewa, xa la-gjapewa. 200. xzelux gjapi pila? 201. win xizja, bAle la-ki'in bidjuk mato gozi. 202. min zona gjapiwa nase. 203. qamaje kSaqli qiirnxa, gdari l!Iaja, w-balki gdari mUxa w-xmira. 204. glesi-la kSoqi-le lesa, gdari-le lesa, kxaswin, xa lele, ja'ni kma' sa"e hil gnapix. 205. ba'den goziwa-Ie skavaje. 206. .iswa xa loxa rapsa. mtari-wa kSaqliwa siqfil lesa. 207. xaraje 'iswa gera, gnabli-Ie gmesi-Ie hil pajis raqiqa. 208. xaraje 'iswa doqe rull'e 'agulim. 209. ki'il mirrilux doqa? ·is nUra Uex. 210. gdariwa lesa 'il doqa kl)amliwa xapca. 211. xaraje qalbi-Ie. . • skavaje. 212. 'aja gjapja-Ia jimmox?

6.

Baking

N:

184.

They don't use piments for pickles. and there is a kind of pepper which

Z: 196. go lurna.

N: Z:

These are . . .

There are many kinds.

Z: 196. In an oven. N : 197. Doesn't your mother bake cake or bread? Z: 198. My mother usually doesn't do so. lately. home.

They don't bake things at home

They buy bread at a market. 199. Formerly the), baked bread at Some did so and some didn' t.

N : 200. Have you ever seen people baking "pita"? Z: 201. Yes, I have, but I don't know exactly how they do it. people baked it before.

202. Ordinary

203. First, they prepare flour, add some water, and

then add some salt and leaven. 204. They knead it, and then leave a dough for about one night. I think, that is, for several hours until it rises. 203. Then they make it into "shkava),e".

206. There was a large wooden board.

They wet it and put some portion of daugh on it.

207. Then, there was

a rolling-pin, and they rolled it back and forth o,'er a dough until a dough became thin. 208. There was a large, round "doqa". 209. Do you know "doqa" which I men tioned just now?

There's a fire belO"w it.

put dough on a doqa, and waited a little 'w hile. it over ... (thus) "shkavaye". N: 212. Does your mother bake it?

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12-

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210. They

211. Then they turned

Z:

213. . ajwa. w-xaraje 'Iswa yer slldl. 204 . • lswa nasa, 'Iswa furne, goziwa furna. 215 • .,iswa kma? batane, ?iswa xli furna zurta I-warja. . 216. furna gdarlwa nura I-xa 'ala. 217. w-ksaqllwa laxma mnx p~ta, 'idjo kxazit, gozlwa zore, w-gimlaplwa-Iu b-yer ':ila bit furna hil pesiwa laxma, lewa? 218. bAle ' 'Idjo la-gozi, les 'snja so'ale. 'Idjo furne ruwe moderni. 219. qamaje 'anja kurdinaje gma\tibiwa 'oziwa hixma.

7.

\taUa

N:

220. baoden marri 'il \t:illa w-ma~~a. 221. \tilla lewa laxma, 'e la hlnna qiddus dammit gozi hammo~i. 222. llm'a • •. gozlla xapca xllsa. 223. bAle \taUa kSaqli minna ••• :Ibux xzi lfi dina. xaraje ma xeta, ma~~a? 224. llixma kSoqi-le xami~, gdari-Ie xa lele; bAle ma~~a la-ksoqi-Ia xam~a jcda gozl-Ia. 225. malo kixletnn ma~~a? 226. klxn 'immit kuUe mindi; 'Ibnx 'axlit .immit \telw, 'ibux 'axlit 'Immit xl~ra mbusalta, bamja, fa~ullje, baninjane. 227. I-naqle gre~I-la xapca bJ!laja, posa xapca lalltla, posa xuz l:ixma. 228. 'Is I-naqle goziwa maraqa, gd:iri xapca ma~~a gawa mux hlitxa gozi 'itrij6t. 229. I-naqle qallwa-Ia ma~~a; gmalll-Ia, xaraje qalbi-Ia sqlIa hatxa, xaraje gdarlwa-Ia go bi'e, qall-Ia. 230.'e raba baslmta, ila. klxli ma~~a I-\t:ila? 231. ma~~a, cuknn ' kl'l t.. ,I' 'a'xll' ra'ba ,va'oda. 232. 'I'S uase la-gma~wa, b derex a nase a-gma h'b' .I I . l:i-gma\tibi, ki'Cll 'ixala mbusla. 233. kixletuu ma~~a bass b-'ez pesa\t? 234. b-'ez pesa\t, Iii \tok dati, la-kxaSix 'axli laxma; klxli ma~~a, lewa? 235. b-yer waoda uase l:i-ki:di ma~~a, klxIi l:ixma. 236. zAkan xa gIlle 'axil ma~~a, 'Ibe 'axil. les \tok la-'axlit ma~~a. 377. har 'Is ma~~a go suqa? 238. 'Is I-miqle, 'Ibux zouit ma~~a. 239. 'Is xapca, bAle uase la-gzoni ma~~a. CIL"
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w-ma~~a

II.

1.

214. If there was a man, there was an O\'en, everyone built his oyen. 215. There were cases that severa l families built one small oven toge ther outside their houses. 216. They made fire at the lower part of an oven. 217. They took bread like "pita" in hands, . . . they made "pita" small as you see them now ...• and they sticked it onto the upper part of an oven until it became bread. 218. Today, however, they don't make it in this way, there's no utensil like this. At present, oyen are larger and modernized. 219. For-

Z: 213. Yes. There was another kind, too.

merly, Kurds liked to bake bread.

7.

"Halla" and "matza"

N: 220. Next, please tell me about "hall a" and "matza". Z: 22 1. "Halla " is not bread, it's . . . well ... for "kiddush" to do "hammotzi". 222-: They make it ... well, a little sweet.

223. They consider "halla" ...

you can understand it in relation to the religion. about "matza"?

Another one, you asked

224. As for bread, they use yeast and leave it for one night;

but as for "matza", they don't use leaven, they bake it at once. N: 225. How do yo u eat "matza"? Z: 226. They eat it with all sorts of things: you can eat it with jam, or cooked \'egetables, that is, okra, beans and egg-plants. it and so it becomes wet and like bread.

227. Sometimes they moisten

228. Sometimes there were those

W~10 make a soup with it, in the same way as making a noodle-soup, they add some matza to a soup. 229. Sometimes they fried matza: they wet it and fo ld it tip beautifully, and then they dip it in eggs and fry it. 230. It's ,"ery delicious. Do we eat only matza? 231. l\![atza is not leayened, and so people don't like to keep on ea ting it for a long time. 232. There are people who don't like it and eat only warm dishes. N: 233. Do you eat matza only during the Passover? Z: 2.34. During the Passover, it is religiously forbidden to eat bread, they ea t matza. 225. Except that period, people don't eat matza, they eat bread. 236. If one 'wants to eat matza, he can eat it.

jille

There is not a law which

forbids to ea t matza. N: 237. Are they always selling matza at markets? Z: 238. Yes. they do from time to time, and you can buy it.

kuslsa

N: 1. ma glosi 'il rosa?

some, but people don't buy matza.

II.

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239. There are Nobody likes to eat matza.

Clothes

1.

Hat

1\'

1. "That do people 'wear on their heads? -15-

Z: N: Z:

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2. gdari kusisa. 3. b-sapsa diimmit gezi I-~!osa? 4. gdari kusisa. kutxa w-kusisa dide. 5. ?is nase gdari kippa ?idjo. 6. gure qamaje gdarhv8 larbus. 7. la-ki?in malo gjasriwa-Ie; Mtxa malo dilnaqle kxazit, ?iswa ~urjasa did kudinaje. 8. wit "izja balki ?anja !arbusim. 9. I-naqle kxazit ?idjo-si Mtxa tarbnsim. 10. qamaje ?iswa gdarhva min danja (arb..slm. 11. baxtasa gdari mandite. ?is raba silde. 12. ?iman baxtasa glosi mandite. 13. baxtssa glosi kUdjom mandite, gdarlwa kudjom mandile. 14. baxtasa gimkasi resu b-mandile xafifta. 15. ?iswa manditat Mtxa raqiqe. 16. ?iswa kullu range, bAle xware, bderex 1d31 xware. 17. xaswasi la-gdari mandite. 18. xamje ?iswa carnikoira "umre. 19. jli"n; rappajej? 20. la, la, I)aruzim ktanlm misaviv. 21. gd:iriwa maedile b-resu w-gjasriwa.

2.

jille

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22. xaraje, ?erna jine glos; gore? • •. xw"sox! 23. la-glos; jille xnz misilmane? 24. ?idjo la-glosi, gimri, gallabije ja sapval. td?it rna ile sapval? 25. babox glawlswa sapval? 26. la-glawiswa sspval xwasi. 27. xzeli b-~Urta didux babux gdarewa (arhUs, lewa? 28. ?sjwa, ?iswa kurdinaje gdariwa (arbus. 29. bAle babi la-drele (arbus. 30. qamaje go baji< dohun gdariwa larbus, bAle ?axxa la-gdari (arhUs. 31. baxtasa glosi ristan. baxtasa qamaje la-glosiwa p'in(31on. 32. Iii I)ok dati baxtasa la-kxaSix losi jillit gure, w-gure losi jillit baxtasa. 33. ?is wele go (ora la-kxasix losi Mtxa. 34. baxtasa qamaje la-glosiwa p'in!310n xuz gUre, jillit gure mux ?o wa-da. 35. qamaje baxbisa la-glosiwa l)aca?ij6t, glosiwa fistan. 36. fatta ?is baxtasit do wa'da, jerida ?arec, glosi I)aca?ijot. 37. jimmi har glosa ristan.

N: Z:

3.

qindare, ~ind3le

N:

38. rna glosi miSe b-?aqlasa?

Z: 2. They wear hats. N: 3. How do they do when they go to a Synagogue on Sabbath? Z: 4. T hey wear hats. Everybody has his own hat. 5. Today some people wear "kippa". 6. Formerly. men wore "tarbush", 7. I don 't know how to tie it; there were photos of Kurds, I think you'ye seen him seyeral times. 8. 1 think you've seen "tarbush" in photos. 9. Even today you came sometimes see "tarbush", ro. Formerly there were people who wore such tarbush.

II. 'Vomen wear scarves. Of various colors. N: 12. 'Vhen do women wear scarves? Z: 13. Women wear it everyday. 14. 'Vomen cover their heads with light scarves. 15. The scarf was thin as this. 16. Those were of all colors, but most commonly they were white. 17. :My sisters don't wear scan'es. 18. It had fringes on the rims. N: 19 . ..You mean an embroiderly? Z: 20. No, I mean "the small fringes around it". 21. They put the scarf on the head and bind it (under the chin).

2.

Clothings

Z: 22. And, are you asking what kind of clothes men wear? . . . the same as

you do. :-i: 23. Don't they wear like Arabs? Z: 2·1. Do N: 25. Z: 26.

Today they don't, they call (Arab's clothes) "gaHabiye" or "sharwal". you know "sharwal"? Did your father wear "shanval"? He didn't wear "sh arwal", neither do 1.

N: 27. I saw, in one of your photos, that your father wore "tarbush", didn't he? Z: 28. Yes, there were Kurds who wore "tarbush". 29. But my father didn't wear it. 30. Formerly they wore "tarbush" in their native country, but they don't wear it here.

31. "'omen wear "fistan". ''''omen have neyer worn pantalons before. 32. According to religious laws, women are not permitted to wear men's clothes, and men are not permitted to wear women's clothes. 33. It is written in Torah that it's not allowed to wear like that. 34. 'Vomen didn't wear pan talons, that is, men-like clothes as you see lately. 35. Formerly women didn't even wear skirts, they wore " fistan (one-piece dress)". 36. " 'omen of these days, that is, those who were born in I srael, 'wear skirts. 37. 1\ly mother always wore "fistan".

3.

Shoes, Sandals

N:

38. What do people put on their feet? 17 -

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16 -

Z: N: Z:

39. glosi girwe w-qindare ja ~indale. 40. go qadanga ?is ~indale? 41. go bet iJ-",ajje les mux ?rna ~indiile mejnl)adim. les batxa. 42. go besa g10si saxxa(e mux danja "slipper." 43. zAkan gjatwi plba wa'da Ibesa, kSaLJ-lu qindare \v-glosi saxxa(e. manusijje, tId

N: Z:

44. ?atta kutxa gd3mix go namusije? 45. ?ajwa, gdamxi go namnsije bderex kliil. 46. I-naqle gdariwa dosak ?i1 ?ar?a, gdamxi ?iJ ?ar'a. 47. kisloxnn balki gdamxiwa ?iI ?ar?a, ksapdwa dosak ?iI 'ar?a. 48. ?atta gdari namusije. 49. qamaje, kxaswin, gdamxiwa ?iI ?ar'a, hiswa Taba namusijat. 50. ?aoja biz ' asirim, ?aoja ?lswa-lu, ••• gdamxJwa ?iJ namusijje. 51. bAle ?iswa namusijat ?aruu qiibil ?imma sinne. 52. ?illoxuu wI? 53. kisleni go Jerusalajm h\s ?asqiidda jeluiiim mux ?axxo. 54. bderex kliil ?is didwe. 55. zAkan dUka qluta ila w-lt's so?ale xlIje mux sakar ja dosa, didwe-si la-kesi raba, lewa? 56. go 'askar I-naqle gjawiwa ?anja lUI. 57. ?is dukane ?is jetuSim. 58. bAle bderex xlal go Mjir les jetusim. malo kesi jelusim? 59. zAkan ",aja kl)amli piba wa'do, kesi jelusim. 60. mux ?axxa ?is jurqus, raba jetuSim. 61. llama les ?asqadda; ki?il laswa raba. 62. la-glazim luI. bAle ?is DliSe gdari lUI ?il namusljje.

5.

slippers.

43. When they stay home for a certain while, they put off their

shoes and wear "shakhate".

4.

N: Z:

Z: 39. They wear socks and shoes, or sandals. N: 40. Do you u se sandals in a lavatory? Z: 41. ' Ve don 't u se special sandals in a lavatory, as you do here (in Japan). Not in that way. 42. In a house, we u se "shakhate" which is similar to

I)ammam

N: 63. marri malo ila ?ambalja? Z? 64. ?ambatja... ?iswa qamaje I)anunam. 65. nase qamaje geziwa 1-l)ammam lefal)ot xa naqla b-sapsa, ?rota gez;wa I-I)ammam. N: 66. xuz I,tammam go japan? Z: ?ajwa, be?emet dome. 68. ?anja ?axxa gjatwi h:\txa go ?amMt. 69. ?ajasi ?lswa blrkat rowe suine. 70. gmasxinhva-lu gja?llwa saxine ba'den ?iswa qarire. 71. ?idjo-si ?is, bAle la raba. 72. xariije ?iswa ?edim merl)ac ?edim IUrki. 73. gjalwiwa w-xaraje gja'Iiwa go ",aja qarire, bderex klal xaraje gozlwa tus. N: 74. gezitwa I-I,tanunam I-naqle? Z : 75. I-Dliqle gezinwa I-I)anunam, ?iswa qam besi xa I)ammam pipsa, I-naqle gezaxwa. 76. faia mUK ?iixxa, ?iswa luitx3 lJanafljat, Ipaje saxine w-qarire.

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4.

Bed, Mosquilonel

N: 44. Does everybody sleep in bed now? Z : 45. Yes, they usually sleep in bed. 46. Sometimes, there were people who spread mattresses on a floor and slept on them. 47. I think you sleep on a floor, spreading a mattress on it. 48. Now they use beds. 49. Formerly, they slept, I think, on a floor, there were not many beds. 50. Rich people had.. ... slept in bed. 51. But beds existed even a hundred years ago. N: 52. Do you use a mosquitonet?

Z: 53. In Jerusalem, there are not so many mosquitoes as here. 54. UsuaIly~ there are flies. 55. As far as a place is kept clean~ and without sweet things like sugar or honey, flies 'won't appear, isn't it? 56. In the army, they sometimes delivered mosquitonets. 57. There are places ".:here there are mosquitoes. 58. But in a town, there are usually no mosquitoes. (Do you know) how mosquitoes come out? 59. If water is stagnant for a long time, mosquitoes appear. 60. vVhere there are trees and grasses like here, there are mosquitoes. 61. It is not so overthere; you know there 'weren't many mosquitoes, don't you? 62. There is no need for the mosquito-net. There are, however, people who hang (lit. place) the net over the bed.

5.

Hammam

N: 63. Tell me about a bath. Z : 64. A bath .. . there were hammams before.

65. Formerly, people went to

a hammam at least once a week, (generally) on Friday. N: 65. Is it like a public-bath in Japan? Z: 67. Yes, it's very similar. 68. Here (in Japan) people sit in a b ath like this. 69. (In Jerusalem) there were large, hot pols. 70. They heated it, people took a hot bath, and there were also cold ones. 71. There are some today, but not so many, 72. And, uh . .. there were also steam bathes, that is, Turkish steam bathes. 73. People sat there, took a cold bath and then, usually, took a shower. N: 74. Did you go to a hammam often? Z: 75. Sometimes I went to a hammam, there was a large h ammam near my house. vVe went there several times. 76. It is similar to the one here. and -

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N: Z:

N: Z:

77. kxepiwa w·ba-den gja'liwa. 78. .iswa xa birkil ",ala saxine w-birkil ",aja qarire. 79. gja'liwa go danja birkal. .is l)ammamal ruwe w-zore. 80. bderex kl:il la-gmal)ibax 'azax-Ia b-jom 'rola geziwa blirab nase. 81. kma' gdaf-iwa? 82. qamaje pare yeru weln w-par 'idjo yuru ilu. 83. qamaje kxaswin, xamsa, qruSe, xli siun. ?lsw3 wa~da biz ?arzan. 84. ?ldjo gezit 1-5lnama go Jisra'el, gimk3lfaxa lira. 65. qamaje gimkalfawa llaba qruse. 86. qamaje jayila kpalixwa b-so-a qruSe joma. 87. bam goziwa Ius? 88. qamaje hiswa Ius, ba-den .iswa Ius. 89. 'idjo-si 'anja minbagim l)ammam, ja-ni xapca qam nasi-Iu. 90. bderex klal nase gozi His 'il besa. 91. kudjum gozi Ius. les minbag mux 'axxa gja'li go ",aja saKine. 92. bderex k1al la-mal)ibi, lama 'aqlim llama la-glazim. 93. pela jarlxa i1e, gmal)ibi 'ozi batxa Ius b-",aja qarlre. 94. gdar; ~abun kmale, la-gjalw; go ·ambal. 95 .•is nase gjatwi, g",aUwa 'ambal. 96. Illima ",aja-s; les raba. 97. les '0 minbag mux 'ma kxepi, gjatwi go 'ambal. 98. llama gja'Jj ';mmil ~abun, gbezi-Iu ",aja. 99. go l)ammam kxepi, gja'li I-gawa, go birk.. hi-gbare ja'Jj 'immil ~abun. 100 ••il besa la-goz; h8txa, Wni les 'anja minhagim. 101. .is nase gmal)ibi ",ali 'ambal w-jatwi gawe, .is nase gozi batxa. 102. bass bderex k1al kxepi, ja-ni gozi Ius b-maja qarire ja saxlne w-gdari ~abun.

6.

gnlage

N: Z:

103. marri lama gmarwi mizze h8txa jarlxe 'alta? 104. glmri gulage. 105. 'anja datijim gmarwiwa gulage, g10siwa gallabije. 106. .is ksula go lora... la-klaxrin malO q-sikla ksusa... Wni malo d-rabbanim gmalpi: la-kxasix xa gari' b-sikkina. 107. bAle zAkan gibil qe~il-lu gulage bid maqqa~, kxasix. 108. lemasal .iswa huzaje go ·India. 109. huzaje min ?India gimri, "ma'i'les xa gari? pase, hi-kxaSix n3eh-Ie bola. n 110. ja gmarwi diqna, ja 13-gbi m3rwi diqna. 111. 'anja dalijim la-kxasix

had taps of hot and cold water. (lit. entered into) a bath.

77. After washing their bodies, they took

78. There were a hot water pool and a cold water

pool. 79. They entered into these pools. There are large hammams and small hanlmams. 80. "Te generally don't like to go there, but on Fridays, larger number of people went there.

N: 81. How much did they pay? Z: 82. ~\Ioney of that time is different from that we use now. 83. I think it was fi.ye gurushes, that is one shilling. Everything was much cheeper at that time. 84. Today, if you go to a moyie-theatre, it costs one lira. 85. Formerly, it casteel three guru shes. 86. Formerly, 'workers were paid seven guru shes for a day. N: 87. Did they take a sh m\'er, too? Z: 88. FOlTIleriy, there ,,"as not a shower, it appeared later. 89. Today, people are- beginning to lose the habit of going to hammam. 90. Generally, people take a shower at their home. 91. They take a shower everyday. There is not a habit of taking hot bath like here. 92. Generally. they don't like it, they don't feel it necessary because of the climate there. 93. Summer is long, and so they like to take a cold shower. 94. It's enough to shower one's body, and it's not necessary to sit in a bath tub. 95. There are some who sit in a bath tub, filling it with water. 96. There is not plenty of water overthere. 97. There is not a habit of sitting in a bath tub after washing one's body like you do here. 98. They sit in a bath tub after washing one's body like you do here. 98. They sit in a bath tub with a soap, anel then flash off water. 99. At hammam, they 'wash themselves and then get into a pool. They must not take soaps into a pool. 100. At home, it's not in such way, that is, there's not such habit as is done at hammams. 101. There are some who like to sit in a bath tub, filling it (with water), there are some who like it. 102. But usually they wash themselves, using soaps and taking cold or hot shower.

6.

Tuft

N: 103. 'Vhy do people grow long hair here (undre the temple)? Z: 104. People call it "gulage (tuft)". 105. Pious people grow tufts, anel wear long oyercoats. 106. It is written in Torah .... I don't remember the exact sentences ... according to what Rabbis teach, it is prohibited to have one's hair cut with lazars. 107. But if you want to have your tufts cut with scissors, it is permitted. 108. For instance, there were Jews in India. 109. Jews from India say, "It is permitted to shave one's face, but it is not permitted to pluck out one's hair." 110. There are some who grow beards, and others who don't. ] 11. For pious people, it is not permitted to shave their -

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gar'i diqoa b-sikkloa. 112. .is misl.1a mejul.1Odet. 113. kSepi-la I-pasu, xaraje bassir tre daqiqe, gmasi.la. 114. boissir gmaiii-Ia, pasu goapqa grl'ta.

m. jirane, xUre, mispal;ta N: Z:

N: Z:

faces with lazars. 112. There is a special cream. 11 3. They smear their faces with it, and wipe it off after two minutes. 114. After wiping it off~ their faces become smooth.

III.

Neighbonrs, friends, lamily

1. marri malo wele besux go .ir .atika.

N: I. Tell me about your life in the Old City.

2. ':ioa la-skioni go ·ir .atika. 3. qamaje ksaknaxwa go Zixron Josel, yer duka. 4. ba'den msonelan J-?Abn I-Ba~ar. 5. besi qamaja xuz kUllu batane He, xapca zora. 6. .iswa-lan '64a w-ma(bax ' immit I.16s ruwa. 7. 'ar'a min bala!e wela? 8. 'ajwa, ·iswa bala!e. 9. bderex k1al, wit xlzja, batane deni lewu XUZ ?ma.

Z: 2. r"e ne"er lived in the Old City. 3. Formerly. I lived in a different place. Zikhron Josef. 4. Then we mo"ed to Abul-Basar. 5. My former house 'was, just like olher houses, rather small. 6. It had a room, a kitchen and a large yard. N: 7. \ IVas the floor eO\'cred with tiles?

N: Z:

malo weln jiriine didoxnn? 11. qamaje jipine deni bderex k19I kurdinaje welu. 12. .iswa raba kurdinaje ksakniwa Itama. 13. knrdinajat d-Zaxo, d-Gzira ••••iswa Baraiinaje, • Amadnaje • •• .iswa Slaradnaje-si xa"......a'. . • kUllu srue. N: 14. min 'eka selu 'Amadnaje? min .Iraq? Z: 15. 'Amadnaje setu min 'iraq. 16. 'ani xapca yer min Barasoaje, yer 131a, kxaswin. N: 17. kudjom gmal.1kiwa b-kUrdi? Z: 18. 'e, gmal.1kiixwa kmdi. N: 19. marri 'il mispal.1a didox. Z: 20. 'amawasi kUllo mise welu, .iswa jalunkit 'amawasi. 21. '!swa-Ii xa 'amoja, ~ax wele, qabH xamsa siooe nixIe. 22. xaraje .iswa.1i jalunkit 'amawasi go JeruSalam. 23. kesiwa kisleni, gosaxwa kisIu I-miqle. N: 24 ••itIox xUre misilmane? Z: 25. ·iswa'li kma' xnrasa, ja.ni kpaIxlwa 'immi go "'eged." 26. bAle skine welu raxuqa, ja'ni riiba Ia-kxazinwa.Iu. N: 27. miSiImiine yer sikH Hu min huzaje? Z: 28. 'e, misiImaoe yer sikiI Hu, llsanu yer liSana. 29. misilmiine gmiixwi 'illu misilmiine. kxiizax misilmiine, bderex k19I ki.ax-Iu. 30. xli naqla skina weli go knppanijit knrdinaje. 31. kurdinlije xurasi, gozaxwa I-madrase wi-gda'raxwa min madrase. 32. gimta.liixwa kUlln mta·ole. g'arqaxwa xe dare. 33. 'aj duka qamaje laswa batane. .iswa dar zetune, gjatwiixwa I-dare... gimta·laxwa kullu mis\takim (appat, kvucOt ••• 34. qamaje gmal.1kimva knrdi dammit zora weli. 35. kullu knrdinaje gmal.1k9xwa kurdi. go mad rase gmal.1k,h;wa .ibrani,

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Z: 8. Yes, there were tiles. fro!ll those here.

9. Usually, as you sa,,- it, our houses are different

N"' 10 How were your neighbours? Z: II. Formerl),. our neighbours were generally Kurds. 12. Many Kurds lived there. 13. Kurds from Zakho, from Gzira . .. there were Barashnaye, Amadnaye, there were even a fe,,' Sfardies ... all kinds. N: 14. From where did Amadnaye come? From Iraq? Z: 15. Amadna)'e came from Iraq. 16. They are a little different from Barashnaye, from different district, I think.

:\: 17. Did they speak Kurdi e\'eryday? Z: 18. Yes, we spoke Kurdi. N: 19. Tell me about your family. Z: 20. All my uncles are dead, there are my cousins. 21. One of my uncles was alive until five years ago. 22. And my cousins live in Jerusalem. 23. Often they visited us and we visited them. N ' 24. Do you have any Arab friend? Z: 25. I had some, that is, they were working with me in Eged. 26. But they liyed far off. and so "'e didn't see each other often . ?\:: 27. Are Arabs different from Je,vs? Z: 28. Yes, Arabs arc different from Jews, their language is different. 29. Arabs have their own appeara nce. If '\'e see them, ,\'e usually can recognize them. 30. Once I li\'ed in Kurds' quarter. 31. :\Iy friends were Kurds, and \\'e went to school together. 32. '\Te did all kinds of plays. "Te ran around in a forest. 33. There was no house around that area before. There were olive trees, and we used to sit upon them, .. we did aU kinds of plays, ball games, group p la),s .... 34. "'hen I was a child. I spoke Kurdi everyday. 35. All the Kurds spoke Kurdi. "-e spoke Hebrew at school. -

23-

N: Z:

36. 'amu 'alta 'Is kuppanijal kurdinaje go JeruSalajm? 37. 'Is raba kurdimije skin llama go daj kuppanlje. 38. 'aja kuppanijil kurdinaje ifa. 39. bass 'Idjo lewe xuz qamaje, 'Idjo jil xasa ife. 40. xapca mxollplu, nase gimxalpi. N: 41. klslux xzeli xa baxt~ did gmal)kija 'Immil jlmmux b-'arabi lewa? 42. min ?eka sela? Z: 43. kxaswin ?aja min Mi~r ila. 44. ?ftIan xli jira sela min Mi~r kxaswin Mtxa. 45. 'arabi dlda lewa xuz MI~r xlipca balki mxollpla. 46. jlmmi gmal)kija 'arabi, Wni 'arabi did 'Urfa. N: 47. kl'a bam lurki? Z: 48. ki'awa xapca lurki, bass ja'ni la 'asqadda. 49. 'Is xakma' minnu kl'l 16rki, xakma' la-ki'i. 50. jlmmi kf:ibma 'ibr8ni 'alta w-gmal)kija kurdi .. si xw3si. N: 51. 'Itloxnn raba jiraue min Kurdislau? Z: 52. go besa xasa? ?ajwa, ?Itlan xakma? jirane kurdimije, ?is xakma? N: 53. kiz 'amawasux-si gjar gmal)iki k6rdi? Z: 54. 'iijwa, 'amawasi gmal)iki k6rdi. 'ani kurdinaje iIu. N: 55. marrnx tiili 'Is nase slmmu laxloxi did gmal)iki kurdi, lewa? Z: 56. 'e, kurdi laxIoxi 'aja Jews xuz k6rdi denio 57. 'ani selu min, kxliSwin, PHras. 58. bay 'axoni baba w-jlmma kurdi laxloxi iIu. 59. 'aja-si kl'a kurdi laxIoxi, bass ja'ni les raba minnu. 60. la-mal)kin 'Immu kurdi. N: 61. 'Ibox fabmil la'
baraxle

N: 36. Are there Kurds' quarters in Jerusalem, now? Z: 37. Number of Kurds live in that quarter. 38. It's Kurds' quarter.

40. They ha,'e changed a little, people are changing. N: 41. I remember that I met a woman who was speaking Arabic with your mother, am I right? 42. 'Vhere did she come from? Z: 43. I think she came from Egypt. 44. One of our neighbours came from Egypt, I think. 45. Her Arabic seemed to be different from that of Egypt, it might ha\"e changed a little. 46. My mother speaks Arabic, that is, Urfa Arabic. !\': 47. Does she speak Turkish, too? Z: 48. She could speak Turkish a little, but not so much. 49. Some speak Turkish, and some don't. 50. ~I)' mother speaks Hebrew now, and, the smne as me, speaks Kurdi. -:\. 51. Are there many n eighbours who came from Kurdistan? Z: 52. You mean around my new house? Yes, we have a fe'\\" Kurds neighbours, there are some. N: 53. At your uncles' houses, do they always speak Kurdi? Z: 54. Yes, they always speak Kurdi.

sapsa

N: Z:

1. marri malo iIa sapsa kisloxun? 2. bderex klaJ kiz kurdinaje gda'rlwa satoa Ire min sOIa. 3. satoa Ire bjom ?rota gda?riwa min suIa, kxeplwa, kixIiwa, gimqalwlwa '1643 ta sapsa.

The)' are Kurds.

N: 55. You once told me about the so called "Iakhlokhi" who speaks Kurdi, didn't you? Z: 56. Yes, Kurdi of "Iakhlokhi" is different from ours.

57. I think they came

from Iran. 58. Father and mother of my sister-in-law speak Kurdi of "Iakhlokhi". 59. She also speaks Kurdi of "Iakhlokhi", but not so much as they. 60, I don't ta1k with them in Kurdi. !\': 61. Do you understand " lakhlokhi"?

Z: 62. I don't speak Lakhlokhi well, that is, I ha,'en't heard much of it.

63.

Their Kurdi is of different kind; but those who are attentive can master it fast. 64. Those who are attentive acquire ,\'ell. N: 65, Kunnanji is a different language, isn't it? Z: 66. Kurmanji is of different kind.

1.

39. But

the situation is different from before, it's the time of new generation now.

67. It seems to be Kurdi of Moslems.

I can't understand it. 68. But those who came from Zakho or Gzira can speak Kurmanji. 'Ve can't understand it.

IV. 1.

Riluals

Sabbath

N: I. Tell me about how is Sabbath at your home. Z : 2. At Kurds, they usually came home from work at around two.

3. They

came home from ,,'ork at around two on Friday, washed themselves, took -24-

25-

N: Z: N: Z: N: Z: N: Z:

4. gimqalwiwa besa joter jesodi. 5. bafMn geziwa I-slosa. 6. xaraje • : . , gda?rfwa min sl.o'sa saffa 1m'anla, gozlwa ql'dd'" us, guubarxiwa hammo~i, kixliwa faSajit sapsa. 7. mAni gewiz qiddus? . 8. bMrex kI3J ruwit miSpa\ta, ja bliba ja sawoja gimqapiswa. 9. rna gemir b-qidduS?

10. rna gemir? ?fswa xa barna, geminva barna. 11.•is 'ixala willa staja meju\tad !a sapsa? 12. 'ixal sapsa biZ meju\tad He. 13. bderex kIal goziwa kntele. 14. rna Ha kuteIe? 15. kuteIe goziwa-In min girsa. 16. girsa xi!!i xin!a Ha. 17. kutele goziwa ... mnx kcicot. 18. glJlaliwa-lu pisra, gimbaSliwa-Iu. 19 •• is nase gozhva japrax, ma!)si, rizza... raba sikil 'ix3Je. 20. bderex kI3J .f...al sapsa kutele, gmaf.t.ibi-Ia raba. 21. ksallwa blra I-naqle, .iswa kSaliwa 'afilu faraqin. 22. hes la-sleli faraqin. faraqin xziqa He?

N: Z: 23. llama faraqin did dan 'al3Je, bis xzlqa He min 'axxa, jafni les 'ma taraqin x,uz dawa. 24. ksaliwa xapea; la-gbare piba, b-kaSijat zore halxa. 25. wil sitja faraqin? koitak xapea wit sltja? 26. koitak-si xziqa He. bira ~it silja llama? 27., 'Iswa Ire sikil blra. Gollsta wit sllja? 28. xadje 'iswa 'aj xela, yer sikH. 29. baxlasa ksaliwa bira knntta. N: 30. baxlasa ksati xalJlra? Z: 31. b-qiddus? qidduS yer mindi ila. 32. qidduS baraxa Ha. kSati xapea. 33. bass bderex kI3J baxlasa la-kSati balxa !a slaja, !a skara. 34. .is baxt:isa ksMi; kSali jaYolre mux 'ma. N: 35. smi'li did baxlasa llizim mafliqi nuril sapsa b-jom 'rota. Z: 36. qAbii sapsa gmafaliqiwa malo larim. 37. bassir sapsa gja'la la-kxaSix ~afliqi. 38. mafalqi w-maemi nura b-jom sapsa la-gozi. 39. gimbliSli 'ix3Ja qAbii sapsa, !a sapsa la-'ozi sOJa, jafni bass !a .ix3Ja mindi d-llizim, w-balxa mq3Jwi sOJ!)an. 40. bAle 'aoja raba datijim 'ahlu la-keeqi waraqa. 41. b-sapsa gezi I-~losa, la-gozi sOJa w-ksawisa-si la-kxaSix. 42. bass 'Ibe xa qare, qraja.

N: 43. dammil ziw kiz more dldi, xzeli mori nslqle bnase 'il resu w-mirre !3Ju xabre.

44. gozi balxa b-kud mispa!)a?

Z: 45. blissir ruwil miSpa!)a gimqadiS, k!ami' xapea min qlddus w-gjawil !a dan

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meal and cleaned the rooms for Sabbath. 4. They cleaned their houses thoroughly. 5. Then they went to Synagogue. 6. After returning from Synagogue at eight, they did "Kiddush" or "hammotzi" and ate Sabbath's

dinner. N: 7. 'Vho does "kiddush"? Z: 8. Usually the oldest of a family, that is, father or grand father does kiddush. 1'\: 9. What does he say at kiddush? Z: 10. 'Vhat do they say? There was a certain blessing, and they said it. N: II. Are there any special foods or drinks for Sabbath? Z: 12. Foods of Sabbath are special. 13. Usually they made "kutele". N: 14. What is "kutele"? Z: 15. Kutele was made from "grsa". 16. "Grsa" is cracked wheat. 17. Kutele was made ... like fried ball. 18. They put meat in it and cooked it. 19. There were some who cooked "yaprakh". "mahashi" or rice ... there 'were various kinds of foods. 20. Usually, Sabbath's meal is kutele, and they like it yery much. 21. They often drank beer, there were some who drank even araq. N: 22. I haven't tasted araq. Is araq strong' Z: 23. The araq is peculiar to that district, stronger than the one h ere, that is, there's not such araq here (in Japan). 24. They didn't drink much, it's bad to drink much, they drank it in a small glass of this size. 25. Have you tasted araq? Have you tasted cognac? 26. Cognac is strong, too. Have you tasted beer there? 27. There were two kinds of beer. Have yo u tasted Goldstar? 28. There was another kind. 29. Women drank black beer. N: 30. Do women drink wine? Z: 31. At kiddush? Kiddush is the special occasion. 32. Kiddush is the blessing. They drink 'wine a little. 33. Usually wome n don't drink for it's own sake, that is, to be drunken. 34. There are some women who drink; there are some who smoke as yo u see here. N: 35. I heard that women have to light candles of Sabbath on Friday. Z: 36. They lit everything they needed before Sabbath. 37 . Once Sabbath begins, it's not penniited to light. 38. They don' t put on and off the lights during Sabbath. 39. They cooked foods before Sabbath, so a not to work on Sabbath except serving foods or cleaning up a table. 40. But the pious people don't even tear a paper. 41. They go to Synagogue, they don't work, and they don't even read. 42 . But of course one can read Old Testament. N: 43. When I visited my professor, I saw him kissing his daughters and saying something to them. 44. Is it the same for every family? Z: 45. The oldest one in a family does kiddush, tastes a little portion of wine fOlm kiddush, and hands it to younger members. 46. Younger ones kiss a -

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biz zore. 2.

46. w-zore gmisqi vizit ruwe, ja'ni jalunke gnasqi Vizit babawasa.

brit mlla

N: Z:

47. marri malo i1a brit mila. 48. brit mlla Iii I)ok dati. 49. jala, soYa jome bassir gbawe, goz!-Ie brit mila. 50. g'azmi nase, kese I)a:.am w-gewiz brit mila. 51. ba'den gimp3I vi baraxijot. N: 52. kma v jome bassir j3Ia gbawe, mlrrnx? Z: 53. kxaswin soYa jome. soYa jome willa la la-ktaxrin bedijuk... soYa jome, kxaswin batxa. 54. kUd huzaja lazim vazil I-brit mila· 55. sindaq i1e Vo bani 'adam did gimqadim-Ie jala 1-I)a:.am, gdawiq-Ie jaJa b-vize. N: 56. mAni gewiz brit mila? Z: 57. rab gewiz mlla, gimbapx ••• N: 58. sm!'Ji did gozi mila go spitar valta. Z: 59. vis Valta raba nase gozi batxa. N: 60. g'azmi rab 'il spitar? Z: 61. 'e, gmesi rab. go spitar .is '04a mejul)edet. 62. gozi-Ia brit mila w-gesi I-besa. 63. seremooi gozi-Ie go spitar, g':izmi rab w-gewiz brit mila. 64. brit mlla lewa sui l)3kim, ve sui pib ila. 65. rab bzate gewiz-Ia brit

N: Z: N: Z:

mlla. 66. b-daw wa'da gjawi simma fa jaJa? 67. 'e, dammit gozi brit mila, gdari simma la brooa. 68.•lman gdari simma la brata? 69. brata, la-gozi-Ia .•• les seremoni, ja'ni g'azmi sa'oza, les batxa seremoni. 70. gozi sa'oza zUrta, gdari simma.

3.

bar ml~wa

Z:

71. bar ml~wa Xli ga xeta Iii I)ok dati. 72. bassir jaJa kpajis tatltaVsar, gozi-Ie bar ml~wa. 73. ja'ni '0 fUI!lrit mi~wot i1e bassir talta'sar, vibe 'Iawiz mi~wot. 74. malo ile Vo tekes? 75. gozi sa'oza. .iswa I-miqle qamaJe leIije: jafni xa Iele, Jele qamaJa, gV'azmlwa mise goziwa iAraQ, gzamrlwa kixllwa w-kSatlwa. 76. xaraje dirtjum geziwa I-~!osa. 77. gozi bar ml~wa go knista? 78. 'ajwa, gmaluSiwa-le jaJa gnabllwa-Ie I-slosa w-gjam'iwa nase. 79. xaraje gfazmlwa Hora, gmaluSiwa-le tUmn. 80. tUUin, k1'it ma ilu? 81. gmaxwi-Ie malo ghiwiS tUIIin w-malo gim~a!e . 82. ba'den gdavrlwa I-besa,

N: Z:

N: Z:

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hand of the o ldest, that is. children kiss a hand of their father .

2.

Circumcision

~:

47. Tell me about the circumcision. 48. Circumcision is decided by religious la,1". 49 . On the seventh day from the birth of a child, they do the circumcision. 50. They invite people, Rabbi comes and he does the circumcision. 51. They exchange "barakhiyot" . 52. Hm,· many days after the birth, did you say? 53. I think seven days. Seven days, I don't remember well ... yes, seven days for sure. 54. All the Jews have to go through the circumcision. 55. Sandak is a person who presents a baby to Rabbi and holds him. 56. 'Vho performs the circumcision? 57. Rabbi performs the circumcision, he blesses. . . . 58. 1 heard that now they do the circumcision at hospital. 59. :\Iany people do so now. 60. Then, do they call Rabbi to a hospiatl? 61. Yes, they call Rabbi. There is a special room in a hospital. 62. After finishing the circumcision, they return home. 63. They do the ceremony at a hospital, they call Rabbi and he performs the circumcision. 64. The circumcision is not the task of a doctor, it's of Rabbi. 65. Rabbi himself performs the circumcision. 66. Do they name their children at that time? 67. Yes, they name them at the circumcision. 68. When do they name tl,eir daughters? 69. For a daughter. they don't ... they don't do any ceremony li ke inviting people to a party, there's not such ceremony. 70. They just do a yery simple party and name a daughter.

Z:

N: Z:

N: Z: N: Z: N: Z:

N: Z:

N: Z:

3.

Bar-mitzvah

Z: 71. Bar·mitzvah is also decided by religious law. 72. 'Vhen a boy becomes thirteen, they do Bar-mitzvah for him. 73. That is. when a boy becomes thirteen, that is the year for Bar-mitzvah, and he can receive Bar-mitzvah. N: 74 . .How does the ceremony proceed? Z: 75. They clo a banquet. Formerly they u sed to do "leli)'e (eve-party)": that is, they invited people and had a party on the previous evening, and sang, ate and drank. 76. And on next day, they went to Synagogue. N: 77. Do they do Bar-mitzvah at Synagogue? Z : 78. Yes, they dressed a boy, took him to Synagogue, and people gathered there. 79. Then they call the boy up to Torah, and let him put tefillin on. 80. Do you know what tefillin is? 8 1. They teach him how to put -29-

N: Z:

g\'azmlwa nase, ksatlwa quwa w-xaIwa. 83. ba\'den ?lswa goziwa sa\'6za bassir palgidjum, jaOni os~irta goziwa saooza. 84. w.jrua qarewa drasa, "bisxut moraj w-rabotaj .•• ", hi-ktaxrin-na. 85. bar mi~wa bass b-siipsa? 86. la la, la b-jom sapsa! 87. bass xaraje \tatta b-jom sapsa-si gOazmiwa jamaOa batxa saooza xii ga xeta. 88. 'idjo la-gozi fAra\t mux qamaje, qamaje goziwa biirab. 89. 'idjo gozi.la bis pasoll, jaOni la-gozi p\ba fAra\t. 90. gozi bal mieva? 91. bal mieva. .• 'idjo gozi xa nase xa mindi. 92. qamaje Iii \tok dati la-goziwa. 93. 'ana smi'li baba gjawil lallil la brone, lewa? 94. 'ajwa, gzoni-Ie lrulil. lallil, ki'il rna ila l:\llil? 95. gzoni-Ie lallil wi·16mn. 96.'e simbol did bar mi~wa, jaOni min 'atta .ibe m~a!e. 97. gmalusi-Ie, gmaxwi-Ie malo glawis.la malo gjasre..la w-kUlle mindi. 98. brona ksaqil 16Uin min babe? 99. babe gzawin-ne bderex klru, 'il besa babe wlUa xa gzawin-ne 16mn. 100. b-sapsa glosi lrulil, gdari lrulil. 101. b-jom dina Iii-gdari tallil. 102. bass I-gure? 103. 'ajwa, baxlase la-gdari lallil. 104. 16I1in-si? 105. bass I-golre, baxlasa la-gda'ri. 106. qAbil bril mila, xa jome qAbii bril mila, gozi sasse. 107. nase keslwa, mispa\ta gjamoiwa w-gimpru'i Kurlmane. 108. gimpal'i baraxijol, ja\'ni xur~mane. 109. 'lana faba wa\'da lewin zila I-sasse, faba wa\'da! 110. lazim mesi pare la mlla? 111. lewe lazim, bale gozi batxa. 112. qamaje gjawlwa mallana pare, qamaje goziwa batxa. 113. gimpru'i mattanol kamuvan bassir bril mlla wiUa bar mi~wa. 114. 'anja warde gimpal mattanol. 115. mattanol la mila rna ilu? 116. gmesi kUlle sikil su'ale, bderex Idal badla la jrua, \taramal la jrua.

4.

daowa

Z:

117. qAbii da'wa qamaje goziwa xollbe, xUlbe !laba jarxe, 'isla jarxe qAbil dii·wa.

N: Z:

N: Z: N: Z:

N: Z: N: Z: N: Z:

N: Z:

tefillin on, and how to pray. 82. Then they returned home and invited people to have coffee and milk. 83. Then they had a banquet in the afternoon, or rather, in the evening. 84. The child read "drasha", "Helped by m y teacher and by all of you .... ", I forgot it. N: 85. Is Bar·mitzvah carried out only on Sabbath? Z: 86. No, no, it's not on Sabbath! 87. But they inyite people to another party on Sabbath. 88. Today they don't do a party as before, formerly they had a big banquet. 89. Today they have a simpler party, that is, they don't have a big banquet. N : 90. Do they do Bat-mitzvah (today)? Z; 91. Bat·mitzyah . . . there are some who do something like that. merIy they didn't do it, follow ing religious laws.

92. For·

N: 93. I heard that a father gives his son "tallit", isn't it? Z: 94" Yes, they buy him "tallit". Do you know tallit? 95. They buy him tall it and tefillin . 96. It's the symbol of Bar-mitzvah, that is, (it symbolizes that) he can pray from thence. 97. They help him to put it on, and show him how to wear it, how to tie it down and so forth. N: 98. Does a son receive tefi llin from his father? Z: 99. Usually a father buy it for his son, and at home, father or some one buy it [or him. 100. They wear tallit on Sabbath. 101. On ordinary days, they clon't wear taHit. N: 102. Is it o nly for men? Z:

103. Yes, women don't wear ta Hit.

:-<: 104. Neither tefillin? Z:

105. Only for men, women don't wear them. 106. On the previous day of the circumcision, they do "shasshe". 107. People gathered, relatives gathered and shared "hommus". 108. They ex-

change "barakhiyot", that is, "hommus". 109. It's been a long time since I attended the shasshe last. N : 110. Is it necessary to take money to the circumcision? Z:

111. It's not necessary, but they do so.

112. Formerly, they gave money

in place of presents, it was in that way before. or Bar·mitzvah, they indeed give presents. N:

113. After the circumcision 114. They give presents in

these days. 1I5. "'"hat are the presents a t the circumcision?

Z: 116. They bring various kinds of things, usually dresses or blankets for the child .

4.

Wedding

Z: 117. They made an engagement before the wedding, the engagement took -

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118. xo!be goziwa mux fArah. 119. bderex Idru baba gewlzwa-Ia xii!be. 120. xo!be goziwa-Ia kiz, kxaswin, bes brata. 121. xaraje goziwa da'wa. 122. qAbil da.wa goziwa fAra!); I-naqle goziwa-Ia jarixta, !laba jome !laha lelawasa. 123. ?atta gozi balki xa lele. 124. xaraje gozi baraxta, baplxta N: Z:

seremoni. 125. gozi da·wa go knista? 126. baraxta? bapi:da gozl-Ia go ?ubim. 117. w-g.azmi nase ••• bderex khil \'a~irta sa\'\'a xamsa, 11sta. gmesi tizrnoret. 128. pib gewiz bapixta,

kollu gjam·i k!)3mIi. N: 129. ma ile xabra did riib? Z: 130. la-ktaxrin, ?iinja baraxat ilu kshve. N: 131. b-?aramlt? Z: 132. b-.ivrit, b-.ibriini ?atiqta willa xasta. 133. xaraje xltna Maqil ?asiqsa, gmalos-Ia b-~abu?tit kruo w-gemir, "ba-taba·at zOt hine mekudeset Ii." 134. w-xaraje ?is minbag gniisqi. N: 135. mii gjiiwa kruo I-xltna? Z: 136. la-gjawa cumindi. 137. kiz miSilmane ?is ?aj wa·da maber; jii·ni gjawi piire !a bab baxta. 138. kiz huzlije maher. N: 139. mAni gmii!)zir besa xasa !a xitna w-kalo? Z: 140. ?iini kxiil~i benohun, gmiiskimi benohun, bderex Idiil kamuvan xltna gziiwin ?o~a. 141. gziiwin ?04a... be?emet la-ki?in malo geza. 142. I-naqle kalo gmasja rehitlm. 143. I-naqle zAkan xitna ?itle raba piire wgbe-Ia kruo, ksaqU-la hatxa, ja.ni, zAkan ilitla pare. 144. ?is baraxta, gozi baraxta, griiqzi kixli Mati w-gezi I-besa. 145. b-jom siipsa gezi H!osa, g.!izmi nase. 146. gdii?ri min ~!osa, gozi sa·oza xii ga xeta kis xltna. 147. kesi ?arxe gimbarxl-Iu kruo w-xitna. 148. w-kxaswin gmesi mattanot (ruu. 149. b-jom bariixta-si kesi gimri salom, ja'i'ni bassir baraxta glmri, "mazru tov!" 150. xaraje mirri-Iux ?iJ sa.oza. 151. gjlim·i nase kis xltna b-jom sapsa bassir ~16sa. bassir ~16sa gmamii.le xttna I-besa, mux qamaje gzamri qame w-kollu nase, kiilla jamii.a gnabli-Ie I-besa. 152. xaraje kotxa gda·ir bese, gmesi ?ixrue, gozi qiddus w-kixli kiz xitna. 153. xltna-si g·!izim nase, gmese xl'.lra, plsra w-nunijasa.

place three to six months before the wedding.

llS. They did the engage-

ment in ceremonial stayle. 119. Usually bride's father did it. 120. I think the ceremony took place at a bride's house. 121. Then they did the ,,·edding. 122. Before the wedding, they held a party; sometimes it lasted for a long period, as three days and three nights. 123. Today I think it lasts for one night. 124. Then they did "barakhta", "barakhta" is the ceremony. N: Z:

125. Do they wed at Synagogue? 126. The "\\'edcling ceremony? They do the wedding ceremony at a public hall. 127. They invite people . . . usually from five or six o'clock in the evening. They call an orchestra.

128. Rabbi perfonnes the ceremony, and

all the people gathered and attend it. N: 129. Wha t are the words of Rabbi? Z: 130. I don't remember it, the blessing is written in a book. N: 131.,In Aramaic? Z:

132. In Hebre\\', in either Classical Hebrew or in l\Ioclern Hebrew.

133.

Then a bridegroom takes a ring. puts it on a bride's finger, and says, "'Vith this ring. you are consecrated for me". 134. Then they kiss to each other. N: 135. Doesn't a bride give anything to a bridegroom? N:

136. No, she doesn't.

137. Now among Moslems, there is a habit called

"maher"; that is. they give money to bride's father. habit of "maher" among Je"\vs.

138. There is not the

N:

139. 'Vho prepares a new home for a bride and a bridegroom?

Z:

140. They decide it between themselves, usually, of course, a bridegroom buys a flat. 141. He buys a flat . . . . I don't know really how it goes. 142. Some times a bride brings furnitures . 143. Sometimes, "\vhen a bridegroom is rich and loves her, he would accept her as she is, that is, even if she has no money. 144. After the wedding and blessing, they dance, eat, drink and then return home. 145. On Sabbath, they go to Synagogue and invite people. 146. After returning home from Synagogue, they have a party at a bridegroom's house.

1-47. Guests come and bless a bride and a bridegroom.

148. I think people bring presents for the bride and bridegroom.

149. Of

course they also come on the day of the wedding ceremony and congratulate them. that is, after the ceremony, they wish "Good luck" (for them). 150. And, I told you about the party. 151. After the prayer of Sabbath, people gathered at a bridegroom's honse. After the prayer, they accompany the bridgeroom to his house, they sing wngs around him in the same way as before and take him to his house. 152. Each one goes to his house, bring some foods, cloes kuddush at a bridegroom's house, and eat it. 153. The bridegroom invites people, they bring vegetables, meat or fish.

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N: Z:

154. ma ila mattana la da'wa? 155.
N: Z:

5.

175. '1s m!aloqe? 176. qamaje raba la-gimlalqiwa. 177. mlaloqe-si waja' ras i1e; hil kxalsiwa benohun, kawewa waja' flis raba. 178. la mlaloqe lazimwa kullu gmaskimi; zAkan xa minnu la-gbe mlaliq, lebu mlalqi. 179. d:immit gimlalqi, mAni kiiaqil jalunke? 180.'e malo d-gmaskimi benohun, ja 'awa kiiaqil jalunke ja 'awa gjawil pare I·baxte kud jarxa. lewaja

N:

181. marri malo i1a levaja? ja'ni ma gozi dammit xa misle? 182. qAbil mosa g~3znll rab? Z: 183. g\"azmi fab?! cux3 la.. ld?e "liman bmajis, Jewa? N: 184.
N:

154. What are the presents at the wedding?

Z:

155. They are a pot, an iron, a blanket ..

various things .

156. Sometimes they give money; it's all right to do so. gi\'e so much money.

pictures~

157. Now they don't

N: 158. In Japan, '-'I'e wrap money with a pretty paper. Z: 159, Yes, we did so too before. 160. Now we sometimes do so, usually we put it in a envelop. N:

161. Don't they do any party at a bride's house?

Z:

162. They do the engagement at a bride's house. is held, I think, at a bridegroom's house.

163. The wedding party

N: 164. If a bride is pregnan t before the wedding, hmv do they do? Z: 165. Formerly, that kind of thing never happened. 166. Formerly, one didn't even meet his future bride before the wedding. 167. For instance, the. Yemenites didn't sec their future wives until. . .. 168. He doesn't talk with his bride even on his wedding day. 169. Formerly, a man and a woman didn't go around together. 170. That is, a woman who has engaged is not allowed to go out with someone elsc. 171. So, if such thing would happen, that would be a great shame.

172. If it happened, people let them

married at once. 173. Now these things happen, and (in such cases) people let them get married, or a woman brings in a lawsuit against him. 174. That is, the court is (usually) against a young man, h e h as to take responsibility of the child, and he'll pay for it. N: 175. Is there any divorce? Z'

176. Formerly. there 'w ere not so many divorces. 177. Divorcing also causes much trouble; there were much trouble until they decided to divorce. 178.

For the divorce, it was necessary that both of them agreed with it: If one of them don 't want to divorce, they can't divorce. N: 179. When they divorce, who takes the child?

Z: 10.8 It depends on their agreement, either he takes the child or he gives money to his wife every month.

5.

Funeral

N:

181. Tell me about a funeral. That is, when one died, what do they do? 182. Do the), call Rabbi when one's going to die?

Z: 183. Call Rabbi !? N obody kno\"s when one's going to die, isn't it? N: 184. I asked it because, among christians, they call a priest when one's going to die. Z:

185. Among je'\''ls, when a man is ill and going to die, many people gathers around his bedsides. 186. But they don't call Rabbi before the death takes place, because human beings don't know "'whether he'll die or not.

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34

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N:

187.•is xabra xaraja kiz huzaje? 188. smi'li did kiz misilmane gimri, "Iii 'i1aha °illa Hah wa-Mul)ammadu raswu Hiih." Z: 189. 3, gimri, "sma' Jisra'i'tH, ?adnaj 'i'eJ:uid.", zAkan g'ajlb-Ie. N: 190. w-ma gozi bassir mosa? Z: 191. hepl-Ie misa: .is nase mejul)adim d-gozi Oanja swe. 192. gdari taxrixlm, sdenim, 'aftlu (aJlit, w-gdari reiuOot. 193. xaraje gozi lewaja, lewaja goabli-Ie miSpal)a. N: 194. la-gmesi-Ie misa I-knista? Z: 195. la, gdarl-Ie go 'aron w-gozi lewaja. 196. gjam'i nase, livuj xaraje gda'ri le-besa, gjatwi so'a jome 'avel. 197. qariwat mispal)a gmesi 'ixale. 198. gim~a!i go bes misa, so'li jome la-ggar'i. 199. ba'den bassir sO'a jome hepi, kpesi la-ggar'i xa jarxa. 200. xaraje xii jarxa .is nase xeta lii-hepi, la-ggar'i w-hi-gmaxlipi jille. 201. glosi jille psutim. N: 202. kma' jome bassir mosa la-gozi siml)a? Z: 203. nasa misa, xa sata la-kesi I-daowa, I-xu(be wil-smal)ot. N: 204. malo i1e qora? Z: 205. qora qora i1e. kxapri, gdari 'argaz, ba'den gimkasi-Ie b-'ipra. 206. ba°den gozi maceva 'lmmit simma u-'Ul!lra. N: 207. xa sata bassir mosa? Z: 208. la, bassir xli wa'da, tre (!ahii sabawasa. 209. maceva jaOni gdari kepa .lmmit simma. N: 210. ma ksiwa 'i1 kepa? Z: 211. gdari simme w-'Ul!lre, I-naqle kaswi 'awa nasa bas. N: 212. mosil)lux qora did babux I-naqle, lewa? Z: 213. .is minhiig gezi kud sata, .is xa joma b-sata gozi I-qora, binna, kutxa geI gim~a!e qem qora. 214. bassir xli jarxa gezi I-daw misa. 215. xa misle, bassir xa jarxa gezi l-q6ra. 216. xaraje bassir xli sata, b-sata kxal~a gezi. 217. bAle .is jom zikaron, xa joma b-sata, xii joma mejul)ad. 218. k(illn naSe gezi I-habawasu (.?axawasu, nase dide mislu. 219. gezi I-qora, qari kadis gdari kepe. .. mosa naxwaS ile.

N: 187. Are there the last confession for Jews? 188. Among ;'loslems, I heard that they say "There is no god except Allah, and n.lohammad is a messenger of Allah". Z: 189. Oh, they say. " Listen, I srael, our Lord is the only one", if they want to. N: 190. After a man died, what do they do? Z: 191. They wash the dead: there are specialists who do such things. 192. The y dress him with d eath clothes, or with sheet, put "tallit" in a coffin, and add some embalm. 193. Then they do the funeral, dead man's family

accompanies his coffin. K: 19·1. Don't they carry the dead to Synagogue? Z: 195. Ko, they lay the dead in a coffin and do the funeral. 196. People gather and accompany the coffin, return home and observe morning for seven days. 197. Close relatives bring foods. 198. At the dead's house, they pray and don't shave for seven days. 199. After seven clays, they wash themselves and change clothes, but they don't shave [or one month. 200. And there are some who don't wash them selves nor change clothes nor sh a,'e for one month. 201. They wear simple clothes. N : 202. When a man died, how long don't they do celebrations' Z: 203. "'hen a man died, they don't attend the wedding, engagement and other celebrations [or one year. N: 204. How is a grave? Z: 205. Grave is a grave. They dig a hole, lay a coffin in it, and coyer it with soil. 206. They make an epitath on which the dead's name and age are N: Z: N: Z: N: Z:

engraved. 207 . One year after the death? 208. No, after a while, two or three weeks. 209. An epitath is that they put a stone on which (the dead's) name is engraved. 210. "\\ll.at is engraved on the stone? 211. 1'\ame and age, sometimes they curve that the dead was a good man. 212. You went to your father's grave often, didn't you? 213. " 'e have a habit of going to a grave every year, there is a (special) day in a year that people go to a grave, well, go and pray beside the grave. 214. They go there one month after the death. 215 . When a man died, they go to his grave one month after his death. 216. And one year later, they go there. 217 . But there is the day of remembrance, one day in a year, the special day. 218. All the people go to the graves of their fat h er, brother or every other close relatives. 219. They go to the graves, read, and put a sLOne .... Death is a cruel matter.

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V. N: Z:

mta'ole

1. malo gimta'li jalUnke daqiqe?

2. gimta'li !irrere ?immii xola, ze mis\.tak purim. 3. gimta'laxwa bal.mure, wit xizja? 4. gimbi'll ba"J}.ure xi gemir, "b:ijni", ?aw xeta gemir, "Mjni", qarwi hem hedi. 5. Wni xa gibit !ajix, gimjarib !ajix w-gmaxe. 6. zAkan !hIe ylible, kazib-Ie b:ll}l}ur. 7. zAkan mux!ele kxasir, gimri-Ia "4arab ma 4arab". 8. zAkan !We kxajin, zAkan la-!ixle kxasir. 9. xaraje gimta'liwa !irrere, jS'ni gmazviri !irrere. 10. gimta'li I-naqle, gozi ma'gru, gdari !irrere go pruga. 11. qamaje gozi ma'gal, xaraje gmazviri. 12. ?aw dit !irrera dide npiqla min ma'gru, gmam'ix. 13. ?aw xeta gimt:i'il zAkan !iffera dide la-npiqla min ma'gru, gdare-Ia go pruga. 14. ?aw xeta k!ajix hil gmanpiq-Ia, ja gmanpiq-Ia ?ibe tawir-ra. 15. 'ajn gimta'li b-gar'inej mizmlHe, ja'ni 'aju doh un. 16. goziwa jura qam xa guda. 17. gimt:i'1i xam,a xam,a: gdawiq xam'a b-?ize w-min ?axxa gmande-Iu go jura. xaraje ?aw xeta gmande xam'a. 18. zAkan muj?iUe bizrab, gmaj?iJ ?an xeta did warja. 19. ja ?ibe dare xakma? Mtxa x:i tre !l:iba w-gmande ?an xeta. 20. xaraje ?aw xeta gimta'il gm:ij?i\ 'aiu. 21. zA'kan muj?iue gmam,ix, zAkan la-muj?iIIe ?aw xeta gmaj?il. 22. zAkan muj?iUe kUUu kazib. 23. ?ls raba mta'ole, zAkan gmazbirin kuUu... 24. gimta'li bit pare. gimrit, "ma gibit, 'ec willa ktav?": ?iswa dara ?i\ qurS jisra?eli. 25. gmande, xaraje malo d-gnapqa, kazbit. 26. gjawe-Iux fllim willa bal}l}ure. 27. gimta'llwa ,adde I-naqle, gimta'liwa poker, bu!on... 28. ja'ni garsit ,adde, k!a!bit matal xam'a. 29. w-?awa kS:ikil mpali?, xa !runx, xii !ale, x:i !ruux, xa true. 30. zAkan xam,a sela klslux, kslblux; zAkan sela

kisle, xsirrux. N: Z:

41. malo gimta'li bnasa?

32. bnasa l-gimta'li ,addc. 33. bnasa graqzi l-x6Ie, gimta'li !appe. 34. xaraje ?iswa, gimta'llwa "?arec". 35. ?:irec, jafni goziwa !avla "llil xa duka. 36. ks:iqli x:i siqfit, kceqi xa siqfit baja!a. 37. gmandi-Ia graqzi xa ?aqla, garSl-la ba!a!a '1bbo'im ribbo.im hil gda?ri. 38. bnasa zore gimta'li ?arec. 39. xaraje graqzi I-xola ?is graqzi I-tre xole.

V.

Play

N: I. How do the children play? Z: 2. They spi n tops with strings, this is a play on "purim".

3. 'Ve used to

play with glass balls, have you ever seen it? 4. They play with glass balls; one says "hayni" and another also says "hayni", they put the balls closer by and by. 5. If one wants to hit another's ball. he'll aim it and hit it. 6. If he hits it. he wins and he can get another's balls. 7. If he misses it, he loses, and they call the game "darab ma darab" . 8. If one hits, h e wins, and if misses, he loses.

9. Then they played 'with tops, that is, they spinned tops.

10. They sometimes drew a cride and spin tops into it. 11. First they drew a circle, and then spin. 12. If a top spins out from a circle, he tries again. 13.- If a top spins into a circle, he leayes it there.

14. Another one aims his

spin at it and pushes it out of a circle with his spin or sometimes breaks it. 15. "Aju" is played with appricot kernels, that is, wi th its "aju (kernel)". 16. They dag a small hole beside a wall. 17. Each one took five kernels: holding fi,'e kernels in hand, throw it from here to the hole. Then another one follows him. 18. One who put marc kernels into the hole can thrm\" his kernels which didn ' t enter the hole again. 19. Suppose some of the kernels entered into the hole, for instance, one, two, three, he can throw the remaining two again . 20. Then another one's turn. 21. If one succeeds, he can keep on throwing, and if he don't, then anothher's turn. 22. " ' hen one succeeds to throw all the kernels into the hole, he wins. 23. There are many kinds of plays, and if I explain all of them . . . . 24. They play with coins. You say, "'Vhich side, with a tree or with numbers": A tree 'was curved on one side of a gursh coin of Israel. 25. One throws a coin and if it falls with the side you said, you win. 26. He'll give you a film or glass balls. 27. They sometimes played with cards, that is, poker or "buton" . . . . 28. That is, you draw cards, for instance, five pieces of cards. 29. And another one starts to deal one for you and one for him, and he con tinues. 30. " Then you can make a cer tain set, you win; if another one do so, you lose. N: 31. How do the girls play? Z: 32. Girls don't play with cards. 33. They play jump rope, or with a ball. 34-. And there "was a game called "arets (hop scotch)". 35. They drew some [on115 on the ground. 36. The)' broke a potion of a tile. 37. They throw it, jump on one foot, and push a tile around along the forms until they return to the starting line again. 38. Small children play "arets". 39. And they do jump rope, sometimes using n\'o ropes.

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N: Z:

N: Z: N: Z:

N:

Z:

40. "mal].abu'11m" jafni xa gimkase ?ene w.. ?an xeta gim~asi gjanu. 41. xaraje gezil "1a'e 'illu. 42. zAkan kxaze, gemir qam xazln-nux, "xzeIi Mose lemaSlil w-g'3riq. 43. gimla'Jj "slancIzap": Ire kvucol g'arqi-Ia gim(:iSi gjanu go xli 'ala did balane, kulxa b-xa 'lila. 44. xarlije k(a'i bassir xa w-xela. 45. ZAkan xa tflqle xa bil kvuca xeta, gemir-re "sllindap". 46. zAkan naqosa min xamsa c'adk, pawe savuj; gjawlq-Ie 'ekdal) dide. 47. ·is mla'ole "solrk ve-ganavim". 48. sotrlm g'arqi bassi< ganawe. 49. zAkan gdoqi xa minnu, gmal)miti-Ie qam guda w-kS:imri 'ille. 50. zAkan sele xu min ganawe ,..-hulle-Ie 'ize, .ibe 'ariqla. 51. zAkan soler duqle 'aw xela, 'awa-si pajis savuj. 52. "Iofesel" gimla'li, g'arqi bassir xa w-xela. 53. xa g'ariq bassir dan xeta. 54. zAkan duqle xa, 'aw xela gimxallp-Ie. 55. mxallple, 'an dor daw xela base, g'3riq bassir dan xela. 56. "mal:tbu?lm", xa kca'1im '1ene w.. 'an xeta gim~asi gjanu. 57. wxaraje gel k(a'e basm. 58. zAkan xzele xa, g'ariq I-lal)ana gdajiq (!aha naqle b-.ize. 59. ba'den k(a'e pan xela. 60. 'aw qamaja did diqle, pkase pase w- 'an xela bimt:iSi, Mtxa gimxlilpi. 61. malo gimla'Jj sadde? 62. gimla'Jj "(alab (alab". 63. X:l garis karla w-k(ajib ni",ra willa ~urla, 'aw xela gimplili' kana. 64. 'aw dil seIa-le qamaja, 'aw kazib; 'aw xela kxasir. 65 .•is mla'ole dil sal), ja'ni salran:!? 66. sal), d:imka gimla'Jj, bAle lebi mfahmln-nux Mlxa. 67. gimla'Jj dados? 68. 'e, gimla'Jj dados: kulxa gmande dados; 'aw dil sela-Ie ni",ra biz rapsa, kazib. 69. jalunke gimla'Jj fllim. qamaje jaluDke gzoDiwa fiIim miD dikklina. 70. gimt3'Jj filim, fimla'li banDUte, gimla'li qahime, gimla'Jj bulk. 71. marri malo ile mla'ole did banDure. 72. bannure .is raba misl)aklm. 73. gimt3'1i "
40. "mahabuyim (hide and seek)", is a game that one closes his eyes and others hide. 41. And he goes and seeks lhem. 42. If he finds, when he finds you, he says, (or instance, "Oh, I found you, 1\Ioshe", and he runs. 43. The) do "stands up": the), make twO groups, each group runs to each side of a house and hides.

44. And they seek each other.

45. "'hen

one finds a member of another group, he says "stands up" to the one who's founded. 46. If the latter is ,dthin fi-Ye steps' reach, one who found him catches him and the one who's caught hands his pistol to another who found him. 47. There is a game called "policeman and lhieyes".

. .J8. Policemen

chase thieyes. 49. 'Vhen they catch one of the thieves, they let him stand beside a wall and watch him. 50. If one of the thieycs comes and touches his hand. he can run away. 51. If a policeman catches (the one ,\'ho's come to . .rescue), he also becomes a prisonner. 5~. They play "tofeset", they run after another.

53. One of them runs

after others. 54. If he catches one, the latter lakes place of him. 55. They change the role in turn, and when the turn comes, he runs after others. 50. "mahabuyim" is that one closes his eyes and others hide. he goes and seeks others.

57. And

58. 'Vhen he finds one, he runs back to his station

and pats it three times. 59. Then he begins to find others. 60. The one who is found first closes his eyes, and others hide, thus they do it in turn. N: 61. What kind of card games do they do? Z: 62. They play "talab talab". 63. One draws a certain pieces of cards, and bids according to numbers of marks, and another one deals. 64. The one who makes a set first wins; another one loses. N: 65. Do they play chess? Z: 66. W'e call chess "damka", but I can't explain it to you. N: 67. Do they play with dice? Z: 68. Yes, they do: each one throws a dice; one who throws the largest num· ber wins. 69. Small children play with film s. before.

Children bought films at shops

70. They play with films, glass balls, color pencils and stamps.

N: 71. How do they play with glass balls? Z: 72. There are many kind of glass ball games. 73. They do "darab ma darab". 74. They place glass balls on the ground; one who hits another's ball first wins.

75. One places it on the one side and another on the other

side. 76. One places a glass ball saying "hayni", and another does so too and says " ha)'ni". 77. 'When the first child wants to hit another's ball, he aims it well. 78. If he don't want to hit, he replaces his ball a little closer and says "hayni". -

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79. Another one aims it if he wants, that is, he hits his -41-

N: Z:

N: Z: N: Z: N: Z: N: Z: N: Z: N: Z: N: Z: N: Z:

N: Z:

g'sjib-le, klajix ga xeta, ja'ni gmande. 80. la-g'ajib-le, gemir "Mjni", gmaqru willa k\lamil ?il duka. 81. xaraje xa k!ajix, !\xle, kazib. 82. zAkan hi-tixle, px3sir. 83. marri malo gimta'li firrere. 84. gozi maO gal, gmandi firrere go maOgal. 85. zAkan firrera, bassir gzavra kxw~a, piiila go maOgw, gdarl-la go pwga. 86. klexi hil gnapqa. wit xizja ?an firrere? 87. gmazviri hlitxa bit xola. 88. la-gmandi firrera ?i\ xola? 89.?il xola mux ?"''<Xa? la-xzeli Itlima. 90. xzeIi ?ma bAle Itlima lagimtaOIi Mtxa. 91. gimtaOIi 0sfifon? 92. lijjara? 93. ?ajwa, ?jman gimta'li lijjara? 94. qAbil kiiakil qela gimta'Ji lijjara. 95. jelunke zore gimta'li, gmafiri-la. 96. gmafiri lijjara biz romana, \Vit xizja Itama? 97. la, la-xzeli. ?axxa go Japan gimta'li bass b-reii iiata. 98. la-qqa!?i lijjara mux ?ma, c6kun kutxa gibe mat8il lijjara dide la-gbare qal?a. 99. marri malo gimtsOJj bit lappe? 100. gimta'Ji kadur regel, ma\lanajim ••. 101. bnasa-iii gimta'Jj lappe? 102. ?is mta'ole meju\lad did bnasa, ?is mtaOole did bnone. 103. bn:ise gmarqizi-la lappe ?il ?ar?a, gzavri qama w-gmaFili-la min xe ?aqlu. 104. mirrux 100 ?is mtaOole Mtxa, js'ni xs gjewis Mtxa \V-?8o xeta gnadi ?ille. 105.?0 mtaOole la-ktaxrin baii... a, gimtsOli basumanja w-basum:inja. 106. jaOni xa k\llimil batxa w-xeta gnadi I-xase w-xaraje gimxwpi. 107. ma ile mtaOole did ruwe? 108. ruwe? ?ema jiI ile? ?isri? 109. ?jsri gimta'li iies be., gimtaoJj iiadde. 110. ?ana bzati la-ki?in mllioJjn iies-bes. 111. kxazin raba bass ?ana bzati 113. gimta'Jj iiadde, la-mto'illi, la-ktaxrin. 112. iia\l-iii ?is gimta'li. remi . .. gimtl"li kadnr regel, stanga... stanga mux kadur regel. 114. marri malo gimta'li kadur regel. 115. kadur regel, gozi Ire ii'arim, lewa? 116. gimpw?i tre kvucot, gmandl-

ball.

80. If he don't want to, he puts it a little closer saying "hayni" or

leaves it there.

81. And the first one aims it, and if he hits it, he wins.

82. If he misses, he loses. N: 83. How do they play with tops? Z: 84. They draw a circle, and spin a top into it. 85. If a top stays inside the circle until" it comes to stop. they leave it there. 86. They keep on aiming it until it comes out of the circle.

Have you ever seen those tops?

spin it with strings. ~ : 88. Don't they spin a top on a string? Z: 89 . On a string as you do it here? I've never seen it there.

87. The)!

90. I saw it

here, but they don't play like that there. :>I: 91. Do they play with "afifon (kite, in Hebrew)"?

Z: 92. You mean "tiyyara (kite, in Aramaic)"?

:-<: 93_ Yes, when do they play ,,-ith a kite? Z: 94. They play wi th a kite before the summer begins. play with it, they fly it.

95. Small children

96. They fly it higher and higher, have you eyer

seen it there? N: 97. No, I haven't. 'Ve play with kite only in New Year's days in Japan. Z: 98. They don't cut the strings of kites each other as you do it here in Japan, because each one wants to play with his own kite. N: 99. Tell me about how they play with balls. Z: 100. They play foot-baIl, mahanayim . . . . N: Z:

101. Do girls play with baIls? 102. Girls ha\'e their own ways to play with balls, and boys other ways. 103. They bounce a ball with a hand, and while doing so, they mo\'e around

N:

the ball, or let it bound through between two legs. 104. You told me about a game that one child do thus, and others jump

Z:

oyer it. 105. Ah, I don't remember the game well. . . . Oh, they do "hasumanya w-hasumanya".

106. That is, one bends forward, others jump o\'er his back

and they do it in turn. N: 107. How do adults play? Z: 108. Adults? Of what age?

About twenty years old?

109. Those about

twenty years old play "shesh besh" or play cards. 110. I don't know how to play "sh esh besh". Ill. I'ye seen it often, but I myself didn 't do it. 112. There are some who play ches.

113. Some play cards, for instance

"rami" ... some do foot-baIl, dodge-baIl . . . dodge-bal! is like foot-ball. N: Z:

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114. Tel! me abollt how to play foot-ball? 115. They set two goals, isn't it? 116. They make two groups and place a ball bet\\-een these two. 117. The group that puts a bal! into a goal first -

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N: Z:

la !appe go palga. 117. mAni di·gmaj?ila gol, k:izba, lewa? 118. raba populari Uama? 119. gimta'\i raba kadur regel, jalonke rowe gma\>ibi kadur regel. VI.

1.

,dns, isn't it? N: 118. Is it yery popular there? Z: 119. They play it often, older children like it.

VI.

xaje

srua

1.

N: Z:

1. dammit kpaIxitwa go "'egged", malo wele sulux? 2. gezlnwa mblnoke I-srua, sa"a 'Ista w-palge kSaklawa. 3. sa"a tmiinja w-piiIge klxli flara. 4. xaraje gda'ri I-sola w-sa"a tre'sar w-palge klxli paIgldjom. 5. sa"a 'arba kxepi, gozi tos, gda'ri I-besa. sola bas wele. N: 6. gdaf'i sahrljje b-sapsa wlDa b-j:irxa? Z: 7. jomljje gdaf'i k.... d jarxa, xa naqla b-j:irxa. 8. gdaf'lwa Ire naqle b-jarxa go ·egged. 9. gjawi xa naqla mifra'a, wi-b-sof jarxa gjawi \>ezbon sofL N: 10. malo ile sui 'axonux, Joda. Z: 11. 'awa kpalix sofer. kpalxi so'a sa"e w-piiIge. 12. malo kpalix bidjok la-ki'in. 13. I-naqle gezil piiIix min palgldjom, I-naqle ksakil mblnoke hajja w-kxali~ Mjja. N: 14. I-naqle gdamix lemasiiI go Naceret ja Hefa? Z: 15. mikrlm meju\>adlm, b-mikre gnabil turistim. 16. I-miqle gezil nesi'6t I-Tel'avlv, I-Hefa •.• kUDu duk:\ne malo d-k(a!bi minne. N: 17. xaswasux gwlre i1u? skine i1u go JeruSahijm? Z: 18. 'e, gwlre ilu. xa wela sklnta go JeruSalajm, xa wela skinta go Peta\> TIkva. N: 19. marri tf:i44aI, malo ilu xaje did ' axonux biz zora. Z: 20. 'awa-si kpiiJix go 'eged, gewiz nesi'ot go bajir. N: 21. dammit qam xazln-ne go besux, taImiza wele! Z: 22. 'aw zora? a, biz rowa, lewe 'aw zora! 23. biz rowa kpiiIix go 'eged. 24. 'an zore glepi go madrase. N: 25. sirnrnaje dohun rna ilu? Z: 26. X3 simme Ruben ",.. xli slmme SImSon. N: 27. rna i1u slmmaje did xaswasux? Z: 28. xli 'Ester, xa 'Asnad w-xli Hana. N: 29. bnasa glepi mbasole min jlmma? Z: 30. 'e, bdOrex kliiI glepi I-besa, I-nsqle b3lki glepi b-madrase. 31. madrasat bnasa, kxaswin, grnalipi malo 'ozi mbaSole. . • biiIki, la-ki'in.

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Life

Work

N: 1. '''hen you were 'working at "Eged", how was your work? Z: 2. I went to work in the morning, and at six thirty, the work already started. 3. At eight thirty, they took their breakfast. -1. Then they return to work, and at t"'eIve thirty, they eat lunch. 5. At four, they wash themselves, take

shower and go home. The work was good. K: 6. Do they pay you every week, or every mon th? Z: 7. It)s paid by month, once a month. 8. At Eged, they paid twice a month. 9. First time is the wage in advance, and they pay the final accounts at the end of a month. N: 10. How is the work of your brother, Juda? Z: II. He works as a driver. He works seven hours. 12. I don't know exactly how he works. 13. Sometimes he goes for work in the afternoon, and sometimes he starts working early in the morning and finishes it earlier. N: 14. Sometimes does he stay overnight at Nazare or Haifa? Z: 15. It's on special occasions, for instance, taking tourists. 16. Sometimes he goes to Tel-Aviv or Haifa ... anywhere he's required to go. N: 17. Your sisters have got man-jed? Do they live in Jerusalem? Z: 18. Yes, they've got married. One li"es in Jerusalem, and another in Bet ha-TikYa. 1'\: 19. Please tell me about ho'\\' is the life of your younger brother. Z: 20. He worked at Eged, toO, he drives around the city. N: 21. "'hen I met him, he 'was a pupil! Z: 22. Oil, the youngest! Ah, I mean the older one, not the youngest! 23. The older one is working in Eged. 24. The youngest ones are still going to N: Z: N: Z: N: Z:

school. 25. " That are their names? 26. One is Ruben, and another Shimshon. 27. 'Vhat are the names of your sisters? 28. One is Ester, one is Asnad and another is Hana. 29. Do the girls learn from their mother how to cook? 30. Yes, usually they learn it at home, sometimes perhaps at school. 31. I think girls' schools teach ho,," to cook ... perhaps, I don't know well.

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2.

kibuc

2.

N: Z: N: Z:

32. go kibuc welux? 33. ?ana? ?ajwa, weli go kibUc Ire sinne. 34. marri, malo ilu xIIje go kiboc? 35. kibuc. •• qemi w-gdarnxi mux welan !laM jalunke go xa ?6~a, !laM ?arM go xa ?6~a. 36. qemaxwa mbinoke sa"a ?isla, ?isla w-palge. 37. geziwa I-ftara, bassir flara gezli.'<Wa I-madrase. jalunke welan. 38. palgldjom kxal~axwa sa"a xa be'erex, gezaxwa I-danil palgidjom. 39. bassir danil palgidjom gezawa I-sola Ire sa"e, Ire !laba sa"e, sola go ginol. N: 40. k6lla mispal)a wela? Z: 41. la, ?ana 1-I):ili; bar xamsa?sar weli. N: 42. jalunke zore la-g1azim p:ilxi? Z: 43. jalonke xapca ruwe kpalxi Ire sa"e kodjom, bassir palgidjom cuca sula go gina. N: 44. marri, ?ema silde did sule ?is go kibUc? Z: 45. ?is raba, silde, silde. 46. kpalxi go lui, gimp:il?i ?ix:ila ta ksijasa. 47. kp:ilxi go kalif lapuzim: qat?i pirtq:ile w-dati-Iu go sanduqe. 48. ?is kpalxi go gan jerck, mux qat?i ban~ora, qat?i filfile xjare, gzar?i w-gmasli xi~ra. 49. go karma-si ?1. sula: qat?i ?inwe, xabuse, I)luke w-kullu silde. 50. vis kpalxi go retet, kxalwi tore; ?is gmar?j ?kze w- vlrbe. N: 51. jalunke kSaqli xapea pare min do sula? Z: 52. kiboc la-gdaffi pare, ja'ni gjawi xapca b-mikre nesi'ol. 53. gjiiwi xa naqla b-?isla jarxe xapca pare. 54. xa gibe masil) Mba w-jimma dide, gjawi-Ie xapca pare ta ?urxa. 55. ba'den kiboc gjiiwil kolle mindi, gjawil jille, gjawil ?o~a, gjawil I)immase... gjawil Mile mindi rna ?ahil liizim. N: 56. mato gmarwil tifte? Z: 57. tifte, jii'ni jalunke zore, ksakni mivzaz, gdari-Iu mivzaz. 58. w-?is baxlasa mejul)adol gimlapli b-jalonke. 59. babawasu w-jimmasu kp:ilxi Imanja sa"e. 60. bassir sola, zAkan gini jalonke dobun ?asi klslu, kesi kislu. 61. bAle bderex Id:il jalunke ksakni ver duka, hi-ksakni ?immil babawasu w-jimmasu, b-j6ma wi-b-!ele-si ?immil ver jalonke. 62. bAle kud naqle b-jom sabasa kesi ?immil babawasu w-jimmasu. 63. I-naqle bjom dina kxiizi babawasu w-jimmasu wil-naqle gdamxi go ?o~il jimmu.

Kibbuts

~.

32. You lived in a kibbuts? Z: 33. I? Yes, I lived in a kibbuts for two years. N: 34. Tell me about the life in kibbuts. Z: 35. Kibbuts . . . . At a kibbuts where I stayed, three children liyed in one

room, usually three or four children in one room. 36. "Te got up at six or six thirty in the mornnig. 37. We went for breakfast and then ",'ent to school. 'Ve were children. 38. School was over at noon, at around one, and we went

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lunch.

39. After lunch, we went to work at gardens for

two or three hours. ",. 40. ' ,Vere you with all of your family? Z: 41. No, only 1.: Then I was fifteen. N: 42, Small children, don't they need to "'ork? Z: 43. A little older children work two or three hours a day, light work in a garden in the afternoon. N: 44. Tell me abollt what kind of work do they do at a kibbuts. Z: 45. All kinds of works. 46. Some work in henhouses and feed chickens. 47. Some pick oranges: they pick oranges and put them in boxes. 48. Some work at vegetable gardens. picking tomatoes, picking peppers and cucumbers, sewing vegetable seeds and watering them. 49. There are works to do at wine yards, picking grapes, apples, plums or any other things.

50. Some

work at cowsheds, they milk cows; some take care of goats and sheep. N: 51. Are the children paid by doing these works? Z: 52. Kibbuts don't pay, that is, they give us a little money for transportation. 53. They give u s a little money once in six months. 54. If someone wants to visit his parents, they give him a little money for transportation.

55. Ex·

cept such occasion, kibbuts gives us everything, they give clothes, rooms, books . . . that is, everything you need. N: 56. How do they raise their babies? Z: 57. Babies, that is, small children live together, they keep them together. 58. There are specialized women who take care of these children. parents 'work eight hours.

59. Their

60. After the work. when they want to be to·

gether with their children, they take them to their homes.

61. But usually

children live in a different place. they stay there with other children in the daytime and even during night. and they don't be together with their parents.

62. But on Sabbath, they come to their parents.

63. On weekdays,

they meet their parents or sometimes sleep with their mothers.

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46-

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47-

3.

'askar

N: Z:

Z:

64. marri mSlo welu xsje didux go 'askar? 65. go ·askar... ?im~nim kasim go ·sskar. 66. qemiwa MHa goziwa ca'ad boker, xaraje gezi ja I·sula ja Pimunim hil paIgidjom. 67. paIgidjom kixIi paIgidjom, xaraje bassir palgidjom gnexi xapca. 68. ga xeta gezi l-sUIa Pimunim, kulxa w-sUIe. 69. ?ema sikil sula ?is go 'askar? 70. ?is pkidim gezi l-pkid6t, gezi I-sui ma~san. 71. I)ajalim ?aw did gozi 'limon, g6zi 1-?jmun. 72. ?imun jaqura ile? kpesi cihje? 73. 'ajwa, gim'iizbi raba go 'askar, niixwaS ila. 74. marri malo wala ~arp dit Suwez, ja'ni dtimmit 'askar welux. 75. msoflrran b-trumbele min Negev hil Suwez, qli'lan midbar. 76. ?urxe jarlxta, so?a jome b-trumbele. 77. xaraje ?iswa ~arp, 'ana weli b-~el reiu'a, tot~ani b-I)el reiu's. 78. bassir Inna? sa"e I)arp, miSilmane mtislimlu. 79. xaraje bassir xa wa'da d?irran b-tijjara. 80. ?immit ?ingllze walux? 81. hi-xzeli ?ingliznaje. 82. ?ani m~orlblu yer ?iila did MiH •

4.

bajere

N: Z: N: Z: N: Z:

N:

3.

'\.':: 64. How was your life in the army? Z: 65. In the anny ... hard training in the army. 66. They got up early in the morning. marched, and then they went for work or training. 67. They take lunch at n oon, and take a short rest in the afternoon. 68. Then they go for work or training again, everybody has his own task. N: 69. What kind of works are there in the army? Z: 70. There are some who do an accountant job, and some ,,,,ho do a 'ware· house job. 71. Soldiers who are to go for training go for training. 'I: 72. Is the training hard? Do they get tired? Z: 73. Yes, they train hard, it's pretty tough. ~: 7·l, Tell me about the Suez \Var, that is, 'when you were a soldier. Z: 75-. 'Ve "'ent by truck from Negev to Suez. through the desert. 76. It was a long way, and we spent seven days in truck. 77. Then dle 'Var happened I belonged to . .. 78. After fighting for a while, Arabs surrendered . 79. After a while. ,,,'e returned by airplane. 'I: 80. Were you with English troops?

Z: 81. I didn't see any English. 82. They fought on the other side of Egypt.

4.

N: Z:

83. msoflwLx go Negev? la-ki'in Negev. 84. Negev, 'aja-si midbar wei a, ?o ws'da .is xakma? bajere go Negev. 85. garSi IJlsja b-masurat. 86. garSi I-naq\e min ?ene, min bihre. 87. kxapri bilire, kxiizi xapca J!laja, 88. ?is ?atta ma~ura min jam kineret. N: 89. la-ki?in min 'eka garSi lJlaja 1-lerusaIajm. Z: 90.?iI JeroSalajm ?is xa duka simma Ros • Ajn, min de ?ena garSi lJlaja ?iI JeruSalajm. N: 91. kmiile? Z: 92. Ie. raba J!laja bAle ?is kmale. N: 93. mso6rrux I-raba dukiine go lisra?el? Z: 94. msoUrri I-raba dukane, la-ktaxrin kullu. N: 95. marri malo welu xajux go HCia? Z: 96. skina weli go HCia, kpaIxinwa go ?eged go Heia. 97. skiuni sO'a sinne go HCia. N: 98. malo ila HCia. Z: 99. HCia ?iI lura ila, bis saxinta ila min JeroSaIajm. b-qela saxinta ila. 100. ?is ?atta mU'mirru raba batej ~aroset. 101. leroSaIajm ?avir dida bis qllwa ila, biS pajiixta i1a. 102. HCia qum ba~~ar i1a, talitta i1a xapca, -

48-

Army

Cities

"I: 83. Have you ever traveled in Negev? I don't know Negev. Z: 84. Negev is a desert, too, now there are several cities in Negev. 85. They admit water by pipes. 86. Sometimes, from fountains, or wells. 87. They can find some ,vater by digging a well. 88. Now there is a pipeline from Lake Tiberia. ~T: 89. I don't know from where they are admitting water to Jerusalem. Z: 90. There is a place called "Rosh Ayn" to the upper side of Jerusalem. and they admit water from a fountain there. "I : 91. Is there enough water? Z: 92. Not much, but enough. )J: 93 . Have you travelled many places in Israel? Z: 9~. I'\'e travelled man y places, I don't remember all of them. ~: 95, Tell me how was your life in Haifa. Z: 96. I lived in Haifa. that is, I was working in Eged of Haifa. 97. I lived in Haifa for seven years. "I: 98. How is Haifa? Z: 99. Haifa is situated on a mountain, a nd it's hotter than Jerusalem. It's hot in summer. 100. Now they are building large factories. 101. In Jerusalem, the air is clean and more comfortable. 102. Haifa is on the seaside and -

49-

N: Z:

5.

'Is piba taliliisa. 103. Hera bajir sqUta ila. 104. law xizji\lux min lura, merkaz ha-karmel. •• jsIqlux 'iI merkaz ha-karmel? 105. 'Is bal)l)r har qliwa ile xuz 'ma. 106. dsmmit msoftrri 'U Jisra'el, qamaJe xzeli bajir HeIa. 107. jsIqlux 'iI lUra, kullu dukane? 108. xzelux 'aw binjan did bah:iwim w-FIllux llama? 109. 'awa raba sqila ile. 110. xacije min lura r:iba sqUta ila, Il3ma batane sqUe. 111. lIex bIz 'atiqta w-zanglo ksaklli I'el.

103. H aifa is a beautiful city. 104. If you look it clown from a mountain, you'll see "merkaz ha-Karmel. ... Have you ever go ne up to merkaz ha-Karmel? 105. There is ah\'ays beautiful sea like a little wet, it's "ery humiliated.

N: Z:

here. 106. '''hen I went to Israel, the first thing I saw 'was Haifa. 107. H ave you gone up to the mountain, and visited all th e sites? 108. H ave you seen the temple of Bahai, have you entered into it? ]09. It's very beautiful. 1l0. And, the top area of the mountain, is yery beautiful, there are many beautiful houses. Ill. Lower quarters are a little old, and the

go Japan

N: Z:

112. malo ilu xaje didux bassir setox I·Japan? 113. seli I-Japan bit p'ap.or, 'urxa jarlxta w-naxwas. 114. sqilla qanvawit xa Jarxa. 115. ?lswa xa Kora 1m3, skinne ?lmme tre sabasa, xaraje xzeli '64a. 116. bedi hedi Upli nase, lipli dukane, Upli zwana. N: 117. jaqurta weta dammit mlelux I-Niigata? Z: 118. xapca naxwaS wela. har duka xasta, lisana ver liSalla. 119. xa gezil I-duka nuxresa, I)ar mixwas k6ja, lewa? 120. bass hedi hedi kutxa glajip kUUe mindi; glajip nase, ghijip dikkane, glajip liSana: klarsa. N: 121. liplux japanit kmale? Z: 122. hes lii-ki'in, lebi mal)kin. 123. qamaja wsoda qamesa seli, loiswa-Ii waoda glepinwa. 124. boiss bedi hedi xa ksami', jiiOni glajip s8mi? 125. jaqUrta ila, bAle hedi bedi glajip. 126. hesi lebi, boiss kxaswin zAkan psaknin piba waoda 'axxa, bedi bedi blepin-na. N: 127. malo ilu xaje go mikdss w-mato ile "sessiN"? Z: 128. sessin, 'aja-si I-nliqla qamesa xapca naxwas, lewa? 129. jliOni sessin b-zate jaq6ra ile, lewa? 130. glatwi raba gmache, 'aqlasa gmar'i, lewa? 131. boiss hedi bedi 'aja-si jROni kud mindi, j:i0ni milp6na ile. 132. xa glajip xaje, nase, sula. N: 133. xaje go mikdas ver sikil ilu min xaje go jeSiva? Z: 134. 'e, 'aja ver mindi ila, 'e ver mindi w-'aja ver mindi ila. 135. 'Is limud jaqura go jesiva, lIama·si glepi raba. 136. bass '0 limud ver sikil ile min linrld did mikdas. glepi gl!liira, kUUe silde I)uklm. 137. ':ini gj:itwi glopi k6djom kmli' sa•• e q:iri gl!lara.

ri ch live in the upper part.

5.

In Japan

N:

112. H ow's been yo ur life since you came to J apan?

Z:

113. I came to Japan by ship, it was a long, hard trip. 114. It took about one month. 115. I had a friend here and I stayed at his place for two weeks, then I found a room. and by.

N: Z:

116. I got used to people, place, and shopping by

117. It should be rather troublesome when you arrived Niigata.

11 8. A little difficult. I didn't know the place, and the language is different. ] ] 9. " ' hen one goes to a place he doesn't know well, it's always hard for him, isn't it? 120. But everybod y learns all the things b y and b y; getting accustomed to people, shops and the language: m an gets accustomed to

N:

everything. 12 J. Had you learned Japanese weI!?

122. I can't do it, I can 't speak it. 123. ''''hen I came here, I had no time to learn it. 124. But one becomes to be able to listen and und erstand it b y and by, tha t is, he gets accustomed to hear it. 125. It's difficult, but he learns it by and by. 126. I haven't mastered it, but if I'll live here for a long time, I'll learn it by and by. N: 127. How is your life in a temple, and how is Sesshin? Z: 128. At first, sesshin is rather hard, isn't it? ]29. That is, sesshin itself is

Z:

difficult, isn't it?

130. It's ver y exhausting to sit like this, legs begin to ache,

isn 't it? 131. But gradually you get (accu stomed to it), that is, everything is a lesson. 132. Man learns the life, people, or work b y and b y. N: Z:

133. Is the life in a temple different from that in Yeshivah? ]34. Yes, it's d ifferent, a temple is one and Yeshivah is another.

135. There 136. But these lessons are different from those in a temple. They learn "gmara" and man y laws. 137. They also sit and learn, and they read Gmara for several

are hard works in Yeshivah and one learns many things there.

ho urs vee1l'day. -

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VIl. 1.

'ezawasa

ros bas ana

VII. 1.

1 •• idjo bimbaqrin-nnx 'ez~wasa did buzaje. 2. qamaje ros baS:lna, Ifa
N:

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52-

Feasts

New Year

N : I. Today I'd like to ask you about Jewish feasts. Ne'w Year.

2. First, tell me about

Z: 3. New Year is the beginning of a year. It lasts for th ree days. 4. On ;-';ew Year's days, people don't go to work and go to Synagogue. 5. And friends and relatiyes visit to each o ther. 6. There is a special long pray. J:\ : 7. Is there the day of rememberance at the beginning of a n ew year? Z: S. The day of rememberance is a different thing. 9. The day of remem· berance is th e day to go to grayes and to read qaddish. N : 10. Are the graves situated in one place? Z: II. In Jerusalem, graves u sually are situated in one place. 12. At Synagoguer they blow a hom on New Year's Day. N: 13. What is "Shabat shuva"? Z: 14. It's, I think, the week before the atomment. 15. I think that, formerly, on that day people sat up all through the night and read Torah. ~. 16. What is "tashlikh"? Did you do tashlikh? Z: 17. I myself don't remember tashlikh well. 18. They attend a kind of ceremony and, beside a well, slap their clothes as though thrm.ving all the sins into the well. 19. I think that's it, isn't it? N : 20. Tell me about the day of atornment. Z: 21. On the day of atornment, people fast and go to pray. 22. People fast for twenty-four hours until the evening. 23. On the day of atomment, they blow a horn, too, and do a long pray. 24. One has to know how it proceeds by experiencing it. N: 25. Do they sacrifice two sheep? Z: 26. Formerly they did so. Now they do "kapara", that is, they slaughter (things) and perform a simple ceremony. 27. They slaughter chickens, cows or goats. 28. They go to Rabbi and he blesses. 29. Those chickens or sheep which they slaughter are something like sacrifice. N: 30. Who's there at Synagogue beside Rabbi? "Hazan"? Z: 31. Rabbi is different from (Hazan). Hazan reads pra)er at Synagogue. 32. Hazan prays and reads Torah every time (they go to Synagogue). 33. And Rabbi sometimes pray, but usually it's a task of Hazan. N: 34. Do they enter into Synagogue with their shoes on, or with some special sandals? Z: 35. Now they enter with shoes on, formerly there were special sandals. 36. On the day of atornment, they put some light materials on feet, that is, a kind of sandals. -

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2.

sukkot

2.

Z:

Z: 37. At the feast of Tabernacle, they build tabernacles.

N:

37. b-sukk6t gma.miri sukkot. kl.it rna ila stikka? 38. gmasqill-Ia b-ktillu kiSutim, gimtalti perot sqil~. 39. Wni gmasqill-Ia stikka, gdari ~urjasa ·akidat JIs~aq. 40. xaraje ?e ?eza so?a jomasa ile, joma qamaja w-xaraja la-kxaSix palxi. 41. jomasa ?an xeta ~ol hamo.fd, ?anja datijlm la-gezi I-stila ?iSla so?:\ jome. 42. bderex Idal kixli go stikka. 43. gozi xa ?ixaIa xapca mejlll:uid, mux ?ixalit sapsa, ?ixaJ 'ileza. 44. kamuv8D b-danja jomasa krovim mispal:ta gmasil:ti xii w-xcta, mise, xuraw8sa. 45. garit stikka gimkasl-Ia bderex ldaI b-?araba. 46. ItiIab ?eha, hinna, semel lie. 47. gzoni ?etrog w-ltilab, gezi I-~!osa, xacije ?is tekes. 48. malo bidjtik geza, ?o la-ktaxrin. bass gim~ali. .. ~!osa meju~edet. 49. la-klam?i ?etrog?

Z: N:

50. ?etrog lewe la ?ixaIa, hi-kixli-Ie. 52. ma ila hakafa?

Z:

53. ?ajwa, go knlsta gdoqi sefer lora, graqzi carnikar bama; jaItinke zore gmesi dgaIim w-gdoql-Iu. 54. graqzi xapca fara~, ?aja ila sim~at lora. 55. I-naqle gozi sim~at tora go sari., ja.ni gdoqi tora w-graqzi. 56. go kolana-si?

and lulav, go to pray and there is a ceremony. 48. I don't remember how th; ceremony proceed. But they pray ... a special prayer. 1\': 49. Don't they taste etrog?

N: Z:

51. gmaxwe xuz lemtina.

57. bderex ldaI gozl-Ia go kniSta. 58. ?alta gozi go kolane, gozi .a~lrta: qamaje h8txa w-h8txa gozlwa sim~at lora. 59. gjam.i raba nase, gdoqi sefer fora.

3.

~an6ka

Z:

60. ~an6ka ?awa so?a jome ile, lewa? 61. gezi I-~!osa, .a~lrta gmafliqi menora, joma gamaja gmafJiqi frc sam'e, joma tani Haha, samfi'e, hil 50")13 kudjom tmanja sam'e. 62. tmanja sam'e jafni s01a samfe w-gammas. 63. sammaS ?aw xa sam·a gdarl-Ia biz rumanta. 64. ~an6ka ?aja ila. 65. bass xa sam'a k6ja:w-Idsja biz rumanta, "Jaja gimri-la sammas. 66. gma'Iiqi sam·e min jamme I-cappe. 67.. netifat fccim 'jIo lIeza lewe xslwa, lewe dati. bros, 'i'arava, kaliptus...... gzar?j jefarot.

68. gzar?j raba dare:

Feast of Tabernacle tabernacle is?

Do you know what

38. They decorate it with all kinds of decorations, and hang

pretty fruits. 39. That is, they made a tabernacle beautiful and hang pictures of Isac. 40. And the feast lasts for seven days, and it is prohibited to work on the first and the last days. 41. Other days are "hoI hamoyed", and the pious people don't go for work on these six or seven days. 42. Usually they take their meals in a taberbac1e. 43. They prepare a little special foods like those on Sabbath, that is the feast dishes. 44. Of course on these clays, close relati,"es, people or friends visit to each other. 45. They cover the roof of a tabernacle with "aravah (willow)". 46. "Lulav (palm branch)" is, ,,-ell, a symbol. 47. They but "etrog (citron)"

Z: 50. Etrog is not fo r eating, they don't eat it. N: 52. What is "hakafah"?

51. It is similar to a lemon.

Z: 53. Well, at Synagogue they hold Torah in hands and dance around the platform; small children bring flags and hold them. 54. They dance and have a small party, this is the "simhat Torah". 55. Sometimes they do "simhat Torah" on the street : that is, they hold Torah in hands and dance. N: 56. On the street, too? Z: 57. Usually they do it at S)nagogue. 58. l\Tow they do it on the street in the evening; formerly they do it in both ways. 59. l\Jany people gather and hold Torah in hands.

3.

Hanukkah

Z: GO. Hanukkah also lasts for seven days, isn't it? 61. The y go to pray, light candles in the evening, on the first day, they light two candles, on the second day they light one more candle and in that way finally they light eight candles on the seventh day. 62. Eight candles are, that is, seven ordinary candles and one candle called "shammash". 63. "Shammash" is the candle which is placed a little higher.

64. Hanukkah is like this.

65. But one of

the candles is placed higher, and that is called "shammash". candles from right to left.

66. They light

67. Arber Day, this is not so importan t nor religious.

68. They plant

man y trees, cyplus, ",villows, eucalyptus ... they plant trees (to grow forests).

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54_

5.5 -

4.

purim

4.

Z:

69. purim naSe gezi I-rlosa .a~lrta, qari megilat, ?Ester. 70. xaraje 71. mAni I-g·ajlb-Ie gJawis ta~ jalunke gim~apsi purim, ta~I!0s6t. poset. 72. ?Idjo ?anja jomasa, gozi mesibot. 73. xaraje gozi k6llu slkIe ka.ke, baqlawa w- ?anja so?ale, gimpal?i la mispa~a. gjawi mattanot. 74. jalunke gzoni k6lIe sikle ca'cu.lm ra.slm mux IiSAkat. 75. qamaje gzonlwa

Z: 69. On the day of Purim, people go to pray in the evening, and read the scroll of Ester. 70. And the small children disguise for Purim. 71. Anybody who wants to do so disguises. 72. Today they have a party. 73. And they prepare all kinds of cakes like "baqlawa" and so on, and share them between relatives. They exchange presents. 74. Small children buy all kind of toys that make loud noise like bullets. 75. Formerly they used to buy "fallinim (crackers)". N: 76. Each time Hazan reads "Haman"... . Z: 77. Yes, they made a loud noise like bullets. 78. All the people stamps. 79. Non' there are things like cracker which made loud noise. 80. Or they make small holes in a pieces of iron and put a head part of matches into it. 8-1. When they beat it (onto something), it mades a noise like bullets. The children often do like this. 82. Now, they do the masked parade (of Hanukkah) on the street, and all the people disguise with all kind of dresses and dance along. N: 83. Xow do they do a large banquet, too?

N: Z:

N: Z:

N: Z:

fallinim. 76. w-kud naqle ~azan qare "Haman" ••• 77. ?ajwa, gozi ra.as gmaxi mux, hlnna, liSAka. 78. gMqi b-?aqlasa nase kullu. 79. ?atta ?anja jomasa ?Is ?anja so?ale gozi ra·as xuz fallinim. 80. willa g6zi nuqba go ~addid, gdari xapca kibrlte. 81. dammit gdeql-Ie, gmasmir? xus lisAka. jalunke gmaxi raba. 82. ?anja jomasa gozi ·adlajada. xuz mic.ad go r~ov, k6lIu sikle ta~posot, graqzi. 83. hil ?atta gozi sa'oza rapsa? 84. ?e, kLxli ?ixala mejul,lad mlLx ?ixalit ?eza. 85. bAle punm lewa ?eza dati mux pls~a w-mnx sukkot min 16ra. 86. ~an6ka w-pUrim, ?anja '~za wasa lewn min lora. 87. ~an6ka zikaron I-gabare Ha'monajlm. 88. 'iswa ?iskreret ~arp rapsa neged roma'im. 89. xaraje purim, 'e ql~la min megilat 'Ester ita, balki wit qarja, ql~la did huzaje go Paras. 90. ma~kl-li 'e ql~ta. 91. huzaje go galut go Paras welu. 92.'e wa·da Paras, hlnRa, xa dawilta rapsa wela. 93. xaraje mAlik ?lswa-le xa wazira slmme Haman. 94. 10 wazlra raba x.lwa \VOle, kullu kepiwa qame. 95. Mordexaj xnzaja lakajipwa . qame. 96. Mordexaj ?amojit Ester wele. 97. Haman jgirre, zille kiz Malik w-xsule gibe dare go libbit Malik qalU.ln huzaje. 98. xaraje brela bavmalik Vasti. 99. malki gibewa mxallp-Ia VaSti. 100. mboqlrru ta'I-le xa brata gawlr-ra. 101. I-danja bnasa 'Ester ·jlbla pase. 102. ~araje 'Ester mu~kela la m:ilik qi~tit Haman w-huzaje gIoe qa\II-lu. 103. galgal zvirre hatxa, min badat qa\li huzaje q\illu Haman: qam taltj.le. 104. b-daw joma gozi 'eza purim.

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56-

Purim

Z: 84. Yes, they eat speCial dishes which are appropriate for feast. 85. But Purim is not a religious feast like Passoyer or the Feast of Tabernacle 'which have their origin in Torah. 86. Hanukkah and Purim are not feasts which have their origin in Torah. 87. Hanukkah is for the remembrance of heroes of the Hashmonays. 88. There was a great War against Romans. 89. Purim has it's origin in the book of Ester, perhaps you've read it, it's a tale of Jewish people in Persia. N: 90. Tell me that tale. Z: 91. Once the Jewish people were exiled to Persia. 92. At that time, Persia was a great kingdom. 93. The king had a minister named Haman. 94. The minsiter ,,,'as an important person, and all the people bowed him. 95. A Jew named Mordehay didn't bow. 96. Mordehay was an uncle of Ester. 97. Haman got angry, went to the king, and tried to inoculate him with the idea of killing Je,dsh people. 98. It happened to be that the king had a wife named Vashti. 99. The king wanted to change his wife, Vashti. 100. So the people tried to find an appropriate girl for the king. 101. Among all the girls, Ester satisfied the king the most. 102. Ester told the king about Haman and the Jews, and she said that Haman wanted to kill the Jews. 103. The fate reverced itself, and instead of killing the Jews, they kiIled Haman; that is, they hang him. 104. They do the feast of Purim on this day.

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57-

5.

pls~a

5.

N: Z:

105. ma gozi b-pls~a? pesa~.si 'awa jom 'eza dati il~, min lora, so'a jome. 107. joma qamaja w-xaraja la·gezi I·sola. lOS. xaraje jomasa go palga 'ani ~ol hamooed ilu, datijlm la-gezi I-sola. bAle 'Ibu palxi. 109. xaraje b .pls~a la-kixli

N: 105. What do people do at Passover?

N: Z:

'ixala ~ame~; la-kixli mlndi xur laxma, blra. 110. 'anja so'aie ~ame~, so?a1e min xitte, lewa? xlxli ma~~a. 111. w.xaraje gozi pls~a, ja'ni 'evarijit 'eza gozi pls~a. 112. miSpa~a gjamOi qari haggada. 113. 'Is tekes pls~a, klxli 'ixala meju~ad, Mati qlddus. 114. kl'it malo gdari 'ixala 'il ~a~nlje rapsa? 115. malo gimsadrl-Iu la-ktaxrin, bass go palgit ~a~nlje ma~~a, w·carnikara maror, karpas, bl'ta, canga. 116. canga jaOni kanaftit ksesa bAle lewa min ksesa, min 'Irba ila. 117. w-xaraje ~lniq, xa mindi xilja. l1S. bl'ta sllqta ila, la-qluta. 119. karpas glmri karaplssa, xa sikil gilia ila mux

Z: 106. Passover is also the religious feast, having it's origin in Torah, and it lasts for seven days. 107. On the first and the last da),s, the), don't go to work. 108. And the days between these two days are called "hal hamo),ed", and the pious people don't go to 'work. But it's all right to work. 109. On Passover, they don't eat leavened foods, that is, things like bread or beer. 110. These are fennented, and made from wheat, isn't it?

N: Z: N: Z: N: Z:

They eat matza.

Ill. Then they do the feast of Passover, that is, they do it in the late evening. 112. All the family gather and read "Haggadah". 113. They do the ceremony of Passover, eat special foods and drink kiddu sh. N : 114.. Do YOll know how they place foods on a large dish?

Z:

1]5. I don't remember how to place them, but there was matza in the middle of a plate and around it there were "maror", "karpas", eggs and a foreleg of sheep. 116. Usually the word "changa" means a wing of a chicken, but

seIori.

N: Z:

Passover

120. malo ile ~liliq? 121. ~Illiq gozl.la xa mindi xilja ile, raba xllja. 122. malo gozlla? gozl-Ia min sisme w-goze. 123. lim'a raba baslrna, xlija ile. 124. b·lel pls~a ksati 'arba kasijalxaJ!1ra. 125. xa gjaln go pls~a, kl'e gewa w-klsja. 126. halxa ma~koje mux naSa la-kfahim, lazim xa 127. zAkan la-gimjarbi.la; la.gjatwit go pls~a, la·ki.it rna ila. 12S. glmrax klxli hatxa w·halxa. bass'e tekes pls~a xa lazim jatu go tekes, jaoni ja'e saqil rosem. 129. 'Is korsi meju~ad 1-'lljahu hannavi, kxaswin halxa. 130. gdarl-Ie splqa, ja°ni 'e simbol 'lljahu hannavi jatu .llIe. 131. qamaje mare besa gimqadiS? 132. 'e, gozi qldduS... la-ktaxrln·nu kollu tkaslm. 133. gozi qldduS, g6zi netlla, gimxai'i '!zu.

Z: 121. Hilliq is made "ery sweet. 122. How to make it? They made it from sesame and nuts. 123. It's yery delicious and sweet. 12'"1. On the evening of Passover, each one drinks four glasses of wine. 125. If you attend the feast of Passover, you'll know it well. 126. You can't understand it through the mere explanations, you must experience it. 127. If you don't experience it, that is, unless you attend the ceremony of Passover, you don't understand "'hat Passover is. 128. I'm telling you ''''hat they eat. But must attend the feast of Passover, that is, you must experience it by yourself. ]29. I think

134. malo kixli ma~~a? 135. 'Is tekes jaOni gimtasi ·afikoman. 136. ksaqli ma~~a ktawlr-ra go paiga. 137. xaraje glefl-Ia bit xa cinglrta w-gimlasl-Ia.

N:

there is a special chair for the Prophet Eliah. 130. They keep it vacant, that is, it symbolizes that the Prophet Eliah sits there. 131. First the head of a family does kiddush?

13S. ma ila birkat mazon? 139. 'e, bassir kx81~i 'ixala, gozi birkat ha·maz6n. 140. bassir kod dana gozi, gimbarxi birkat hamazon jaOni toda 1-'ila. 114. baiki ksati xa kasija

Z: 132. Yes, they do kiddush. . . . I don't remember all about the ceremony. 133. First they do kiddush, and do "netilah", that is, they wash their hands. N: 134. How do they eat matza?

here it means a foreleg of a sheep.

117. And there is a "hilliq", 'which is

sweet. 118. Eggs are boiled, not fried. 119. "Karpas" is "karapissa" in Aramaic, and it's a kind of leaf like celery. N: 120. What is hilliq?

135. There is a fOlmal way of putting it aside for the dessert. 136. That is, they take matza in hands and break it in halves. 137. They hide a half portion of matza, wrapping it with a napkin. N: 138. ''''hat is "birkat hamazon"? Z:

Z:

-

58-

139. " 'ell, they do birkat hamazon after finishing their meal. 140. After each meal, they do birkat hamazon, that is, they thank god for the foods. -

59 -

xaresa, ?aja ila "kos bruxa".

141: Perhaps they drink the last glass of wine at that time, the last glass is called "kos brukha (the blessed glass)".

6.

lag ba· ?omer

N: N:

142. ma gozi b·lag ba·?6mer? 143.?0 lewa ?eza dati, ja-ni iewa min tora. 144. lag ba·?omer raba naSe gezi I.Tabarlje, I.qor rabbi Slm-on bar Jol)aj. 145. gma-liqi m!s-..Ie w· graqzi <arnikara. 146. go bajere·si gozi mis-ale; gimjam-i raba ~iwe w· jalunke gjam-i carnikara, gma-liqi Dllra raba. kullu dukane! 147. qamaje goziwa raba. 148. gezi I·Ciat, gozi mis-ale rapsa. 149. bAI~ go JeruSalajm· si jalunke gimjam-i ~lwe gaz, gozi medura rapsa, xaraje -a~irt~ gma-liqi.la. 150. jalunke I.naqle gimla-Ii bit l)ec w·keset, ja-ni qamaje goziWB mill)ama.

7.

savu\"ot, tis\"a be-'av

N:

151. ma gozi b·savu-ot? 152. savu-ot ?aja mux l)ag kactr ila, hlwa? 153. gezi 1.~!6sa, kamuvan qari t:Iilat savu-ot. 154. kxaSwin Ire jome He, lewa? 155. la·gezi I·sula. kamuvan ?is sa-oza mejul)edet did ?eza. 156. gmesi xi4rat -ona I.knista w.gimbarxi 'Wu. 157. gimbarxi w.gimpal?i ta nase. 158. gimbarxi zabaSe,

Z:

N: Z: N: Z:

giod6re, ?lowe ••• 159. kixli ka-ke min xahva w·dusa? 160. la·ktaxrin. 161. tis-a be· ?av? 162. tis-a be· ?av jom ~oma ile. lewe 'eza min tora. 163. 'anja datijlm 164. ?ana b·zati la·s.imli. 165. anJ'a raba datijim k~emi b·tis-a be· ?av. k~emi, gezH I·~!osa. 166. awa lewa 'eza xsiwa 'asqadda. Vin.

(Supplement)

1. bar mi~wa <2>

Z: 1. bassir xa pajis bar tilta?sar sinne, gozi faral) bar mi~wa. 2. malusi.le

tfiIlin, gezi I.~!osa mbinoke. 3. xaraje palgldjom ~ozi sa-oza, jala qare mux ne-um. 4. mbinoke gIawis tUllin xaraje go knisla gjiisiq I·sefer. _S. xaraje ?is tekes w.naSe gmesi.le I-besa mbinoke w-ksati. 6. gmazmini·lu naSe l. kaSija qabwa willa xalwa, gimpal?i -uggot. 7. xaraje kulxa gel I· besa. 8. ba-den bassir palgidjom kisleni gozi sa-oza, g6zi dana mejnl)edet

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6.

Lag Baomer

N: 142. What do they do at Lag baomer? Z: 143. It's not a religious feast, that is, not from Torah. 144. On Lag Bamner, many people go to the grave of Rabbi Shimon bar Yohay in Tiberia. 145. They made fire and dance around it. 146. In cities, they made fire; they gather pieces of wood and children gather around it and make big fire. Everywhere. 147. FOlmerly, they used to do it well. 148. Now they go to Sfat and make big fire. 149. But also in Jerusalem, children gather oil and pieces of wood, make a big pile and in the evening they set fire on it. 150, Children sometimes play with bows and arrows, that is, they playa war game.

7.

Shavn'ot Tishua beav

N: 151. What do they do on Shavuot? Z: 152. Shavuot is a kind of the feast of harvest, isn't it? 153. They go to pray, they say of course a special prayer for Shavuot. 154. It lasts for two days, isn't it? 155. They don't go to work. Of course there is a special banquet for the feast. 156. They bring vegetables of the season to Synagogue and bless them . 157. After blessing them, people share them. 158. Watermelon, melon, grapes . . .. N: 159. Do they eat cakes made from milk and honey? Z: 160. I don't remember it. N: 161. How about Tishua beav? Z: ] 62. Tishua Beav is a day of fast. This is not the feast originated from Torah. 163. The pious people fast on Tishua Beav. 164. I myself have never fasted. 165. The very pious people fast and go to Synagogue. 166. This is not yery important feast.

vnl. 1.

Supplements

Bar Mitzvab (2)

Z: 1. " Then one becomes thirteen, they do the ceremony of Bar l\Iitz\'ah. 2. They let him wear tefillill and go to Synagogue in the morning. 3. At noo n, they have a banquet, the boy makes a kind of speech. 4. In the morning, he wears tefiIlni, and he is called up to Torah. 5. Then they do a ceremony, and people accompany him to his home in the morning and drink. 6. They invite people to a cup of coffee or m ilk and serve cakes. 7. Then everybody goes his home. 8. Then in the afternoon, 'we have a banquet. we prepare -

61-

w-g'azmi naSe. 9. xaraje jala qare nsillim xuz ne.um. 10. qamaje kurdinaje gozlwa fara\l qAbH xa jome wlUa !laba jome, gimjam'i nase. 11. ja'ni gzamri w-gimpal'i ml'X hOje, xl~ra, kSati maska'ot. 12. 'aHa la-gozi ·asqadda. 13. xaraje b-jom sapsa ga xeta jala xese I-~!osa mux xltna, gjasiq tora. 14. xaraje b-sa'oz sapsa naSe gezi kiz ba'al bar ml~wa. 15. w-gozi sa'oza, klxli, ksati. 16. b-sapsa 'a~lrta gmesi maHanot ta jala. 2.

brit mila <2)

Z:

17. brit mila. •• sO'a jome bassir jala ghawe, gozi brit mUa. 18. xa lele qAbH brit mila gozi sasse. 19. saSse ga xeta nase gjam'i ta brit mila. 20. gimpal'i baraxijot XDS xUrfmane sllpe, hOje. 21. wit xlla xUrfmane? 22. xaraje rab qare gimbarix w-gewiz brit mila. 23. slndaq 'awa xa gjawl-Ie kavod gimqadim jala ta rab. 24. 'ana xa naqle weli slndaq dammit 'axoni hwele-Ie brona. 25. 'atta gozi mila go spltar. 26. 'Is rab 'Is 'ulam w-'Is kuUe mindi. 27. g'azmi rab w-rab kesi I-spltar. 28. gmesi mattanot I-mare brit mila. 29. !laba naqle gimpal'i mattanot: ja'ni xa '11le mUa gimpal'i maHanot, xaraje bar ml~wa gmesi maHanot, w-da'wa xa gawir, gmesl-Ie mattanot. 30. xaraje bit purim gimpal'i 'nggot. 31. lewaje ver mindi, gmesi 'ixala. 32. ;;ukun 'anja gjatwi b-'avel la-kxaSix 'ozi swa naSat mispa\la gmesi 'ixala ja gimbaSli taln. 33. jom huledet lewe \lag dati, minhag xasa He. 34. bAle brit mila, bar ml~wa w-da'wa tekes dati He.

special dishes and invite people.

9. And the boy makes a kind of speech.

10. Formerly, Kurds had a party and im'ited people one to three days before Bar lVlitzvah. and dra nk.

11. That is, people sang, shared fried seeds and yegetables, 12. :\"ow they don't do it in such scale.

13. And on the next

Sabbath, the boy go to Synagogue in the same ,,'ay as a bride does, and is called up to Torah again. 14. At a b anqu et of Sabbath, people visit the family who did Bar i\IitlYah, 15. And they haye a banquet an d eat an d drink.

16. On the evening of Sabbath, people bring gifts for the boy.

2.

Circumcision (2)

Z:

17. T he circumcision ... they do the circumcision seven days after the birth of a ch ild. 18. On the previous night of the circumcision, they do "Shasshe". 19. On Shasshe. people gather to congratulate the coming circumcision. 20. People share hommos. • and fried seeds. 21. Have you ever tasted hommos? 22. T hen Rabbi reads and blesses him. and he performs the circumcision. 23. Sand ak (god-father) is a man who is honored to present a baby to Rabbi. 24. I once performed Sandak wh en my brother had his son . 25. Now th ey do the circumcision a t hospital.

26. There is a Rabbi,

and there is a hall and every necessary th ings. 27. They call Rabbi and he goes to a hospital. 28. They bring gifts for the baby who got the circumcision. 29. They bring gifts t hree times in on e's life, that is, at the circumcision, at Bar ~Ii tzv ah , an d at the wedding. 30. And a t Purim, they exch ange cakes. 31. Funeral is a little different, an d they bring foods. 32. Because t hose who are in morning are n ot permitted to work, and close relatiyes bring foods or cook [o r them at their house. 33. Birthday is of course not a religious feast, and it's a modern custom to celebrate it. 34. But the circumcision, Bar 1\Iitzvah and the wedding are re1 igio us ceremonies.

~

62 -

-

63-

IV.

Bibliography

Abbreviations and Symbols for Glossary and Notes 1.

Languages and Grammar Ar Aram

Egy.ar Eng Fr

III.

Egyptian Arabic English

Leo Rosten:

I. Epstein

Isidore Epstein: Judaism (Pelican Original) 1968 Encyclopedia Britanica

Ene. Brit.

The Joys of Yiddish, 1970, New York

(Passages from Old Testament are quoted from R. Kittel(ed): Biblia Hebraica 1937 and English translations are from The ~Tew English Bible 1970, Oxford .)

French

f.

feminine form

feminine gender

Hebr

Modern Hebrew (according Israeli-Sephardic phonemic system) imperative

impr.

II.

standard Arabic Aramaic (Gzira Dialect)

L. Rosten

future

masculine gender

<m> neg.

negative

Pers

Persian

pers. sufi.

personal suffix plural

pI. subj. Syr.ar

Syriac Arabic

Turk

Turkish

subjunctive

Zakh

Zakho Dialect

verbal stem corresponding to fa" ala (Ar) and pi" el (Hebr) verbal stem corresponding to 'af'ala (Ar) and hif'il (Hebr)

Old T estamen t Gen. Exod.

Genesis

Levit. Num. Deut.

Leviticus

Exodus

Numbers Dell teronomy

Informants

Z. Dor.

Mr. Zion ben-Shmuel Mr. Doron Irani

Mrs. Tok. Rab. Tok.

Rabbi Marvin Tokayer

Mrs. Mazal Tokayer

-64-

-

65-

Glossary

• 'e 'lbe ")Iic:"/a

cf. 'ajwa neg. lebe, past. 'lswabe, neg. past. laswabe can, be able nine

'edlrn <1'1> vapour, steam 'ldjo

'6~a

pI. '6~e room, <5yr. ar> 'oo~a today

?afikomaD

dessert

'afilu '6(ha) <m>, 'e(ha) 'ahit '-\l-b 'a\larajut

even, 'afitu <£> this you <sg. m> mO\lible; gma\lib to like responsibility she yes pistol pI. 'a1ale side pI. 'rue tool

?aja

'ajwa <5yr. at) 'ekda\l 'ala 'a1a 'i'il, 1'lila, ?i1aba .itiih ")lema

(with pers. stiff.) 'lUe on; to god .ita madlm-lux «thank YOU» god God, Allah except. ... (city) hall 1vhich?

'ambat bathroom 'am6ja pI. 'amawasa (paternal) uncle '{mma hundred ?immit p ers. suU. ?imme with 1iman when? pI. ?imunim training 'imun ?-m-r mirre; gemir, gimr- subj. ?amir, impr. mar to say. to tell pI. ?coe fountain 'ena <£> ?anja those 'iugliznaja 1'1. 'ingliznaje English pI. 'lnwe grape 'inusa <£> -

6i-

soil. dust pl. 'aqlasa leg. foot 'aqla, 'aqilta (f) climate 'aqlim land. ground; floor 'ar'a (f) four 'arba sheep .irba (sg/pl> willow. ( Hebr> 'arava 'araba hopscotch (lit. earth. ground) 'arec (f) ( Hebr> box; coffin 'argiiz ( Hebr> 'arul)a ( f> (Hebr> pI. 'arul)ot meal 'aramit ( f> ( Hebr> Aramaic cupboard; coffin. ( Hebr> 'aron ba-mejt coffin 'aron 'riqale; g'ariq to run away. to free '-r-q Friday ?rota pI. 'arxe guest ?arxa pI. 'urxasa 'way. road 'urxa (f) cheap. ( Pers> arzan 'man (inyar> neg . les, past. 'Jswa, neg. past. hlswa there is/are ?is (IV> mosil)le; gmasil) to visit '-s-I) ( IV> missele; gmese to bring '-s-j sele; kese, kisj- (Sltbj> 'ase to come '-s-j so much, so far 'asqadda pI. 'asiqijasa ring 'asiqsa ( f> ten danit ?isra «a snack at ten o· clock» 'isra

?ipra

'isri 'aSkenazi ( Hebr>

twenty pI. ?askenazlm Ashkenazi Qew from Central or Eastern Europe. especially from Germany)

?ista

·it'otmil (Engl> 'atiqa 'etrog ( Hebr> 'itrijot (Hebr> 'alta 'avel

'avir (Hebr> '-w-z

'-x-I ?ixala "1axnan

six ?itle, neg. latle, past. ?lswa-le, neg. past . laswa-le to have

?ax.xa

here

?eza

pI. ?czawaxa feast pI. ?iz3sa, ?izawasa hand. handle

'iza ( f> '-z-I 'izza

zine; gezil gel, gez- subj. 'iizil, impr. jsa to go pI. .izze goat

• ~ibrani

Hebrew Purim carna\'al

( Hebr> pea pI. vagulim round Vajjan sick. ill ( Syr. ar> Vayyaan < Visle; g'ajiS, g'es- to live. (to be ali"e) ~aju kernel (of apricot) <_job <jible; g'ajib to please. (Syr. ar> 'aiab «gefalle11) <-I-q ( IV> mu mU'mirre; gma'mir to build. (Syr. ar> 'ammar pI. 'urpre age. ( Syr. ar> vamar, (Ar> 'umr 'UIPra pI. 'on6t season 'ona ( f> ( Hebr> vir Vatika ( Hebr> Old City (Jerusalem) Arabic 'arabi 'araqin Aracc. a kind of distilled spirit. (Ar> 'araq 'askar army; soldier. ( Syr. ar> 'askar 'a~irta (f) evening dinner. (Syr. ar> 'asa <evrije (f> (late) evening ( Hebr> Hebrew '-z-b ( II> m'ozible; gimViizib to get tired. to be tiresome '-zoom 'zimle; g'iizim to invite. (Syr. ar> 'azam

-j-.

oatmeal f. ?atiqta old. ancient citron

noodle now. nowadays. in these days mourning .
68 -

b

b-, bi-; bid be'al be'emet (Hebr> bi'ta (f) bavden ba'aI (Hebr> baba bedijuk ( Hebr> badla (Ar>

(with pen. SllfJ.) ?ibbe at; by (inst rumental) here, this side Yerily. truely. quite pI. bi'e egg then. afterwards. ( Syr. ar> ba'deen master. husband pI. babawasa father exactly sui t. clothing -

69-

bderex klal

binjan baninjana

baJ.lJ.lur baqlawa b-q-r bar bar mi~wa

tomato, <Syr. ar) banadoora building,

he assumes religious obligation),
bira b-r-j birke
beer

brele; gbare, gbarj- to happen la-gbare «should not» 1'1. birkat pool, pond pI. boone son, boy cypress, pine

1'1. bnasa girl, daughter
besa basima bass <Syr. ar) bassir bi~!a

bas
pI. bate, batane home, house 'IiI besa «at home}) f. basimta tasty; fine (weather)

only peTS. suff. basre after, behind onion good Mine; gbasil to cook (intr)
1'1. batej I)aroset factory co urt potato pI. baxtasa woman, wife (with pers. sllff.) oneself

pea, <Syr. ar) bazaalya more (comparative) bizrab «more»

c, C

caocoolm
toys

1'1. cOadim step, march a little, a few

cimle; kcajim to cover. to sh ut (one's eyes) c1qle; kcajiq to break, to tear because
left around,
son, cakes, biscui ts. and so forth

baraxta
ceremony, especially the marriage ceremony -

70-

-

71 -

d

d-?-r d'?irre; qda.?ir to return, to come back da'wa maniage did pers. sufJ. didi, deni of dice dados 1'1. didwe fly (insect) didusa d-I-' dfi'le; gd:\fi' to pay degel 1'1. dgalim flag dagim mlul)im salted fish d-j-q diqle; gdajiq to hit, to knock porridge dajsa 1'1. dukane place duka <£> dikkana d.kkaana dla without f . doma similar, resembling dome damka chess, sairani dammit when (prep) dmixle; gdamix to sleep, to go to bed d-m-x meal danit palgidjum «lunch» dana dina jom dina «weekday (days except Sabbath») jemej 1)01 beard diqna 1'1. daqiqe minute (time) daqiqa f. daqiqta thin, fine; little daqiqa dor turn dara pI. dare, darawasa tfee xe dare «in a forest (lit. under woods») dr;;le; gdare, gdarj- to put, to set d-r-j darmana pI. darmane medicine drasa sermon, homily, adress (of Bar.mitzvah) dirtjom the next day dusa honey dosak pI. dosake matress 1'1. datijim religious, pious dati country dawilta duqle; gd""iq, gdoq- to catch, to seize, to hold d-w-q

-i2-

f

f-h-m f-h-m f-j-r liUJla lallinim <1'1> filim tAral) furna firrera <£> fistan fa~!dije
!himle; kfahim to understand, <S)'r. ar) f.fem <1\'> muhfimle; gimfahim to explain molirre; gmafir to fly (a kite) 1'1. filliIe pepper, <Syr. ar) f.Uol, fuUuI-filfil. pilpeI firecracker, squib

film party, joyful assembly, <Syr. ar> faral) «joy» 1'1. lurne oven, <S)'r. ar> f.r.n 1'1. lirr.re top (to spin) one-piece dress

(kidney) bean, <Syr. ar> bullet

laa~uuliyye

itirre; kl:iiir to take breakfast, faiara breakfast,
go gibe gabara guda gjana giar gol <Engl> gale gulage <1'1> galg:iJ gilla

peTS. suU. gawe in past. gbew3 to want pI. gabare hero; brave wall

body; '"

-self

always

goal 1'1. gaIawasa roof side-curls, side-burns
1'1. gille grass, herb gallabijje long garment (Arab style) galut <£> exile. captivity gamba pimento gl!1 ara

Gemarah

gan jerek gina
1'1. ganawe thief, ganav, pI. ganavim

gupta <£> gera

rolling-pin

"egetable garden 1'1. gino! orchard, (vegetable) garden pI. gind6re melon cheese

-73 -

gora goro?

grt!?a gar~in
girsa goros ginve
1'1. gure man grl?le; gari? to 5ha\'e f. gri?ta shaved 1'1. gar-inim kernel . grisle; garis to pull. to draw socks, stockings giirce; gawer to marry
kerosene, <Syr. .r) zeet kaas 1'1. goze nut

yllble; gvalib to win, to earn another, different

bes

slowly tale, legent; Haggadah, Passover night,
balxa bowoj bowoj

- ; kliwe, kojo to become, to be bwele; gbawe to be born

huzaja

f. buzesa Jew, Jewish

b3jja bil ham hamm6~i

binna bar

I)ec
d . I:I;llab Aleppo

roughly ground wheat

h bedi baggada

doctor

1)31la
y

Yolob yer

I):ikim

l)31abi I)luka

the tales of the Exodus read on bagada

pI. I:tidm arrow 1'1. I)aca?ijot skirt see 'i'eza 1'1. I)ajalim soldier pI. I:tukim law, commandment
I)em?a
<11) ml)opisle; giml)apis to dress up, to disguise oneself <11) ml)orlble; giml)anb to battle, to fight blanket war

Ms

thus, in this way

-

l)iIw

1'1. I)luke plum,
ja
or

poj pol pol pon

zi'?lc; kf?e, ki-, subj. ja?e, imper. z6? to know pille; gja?il to enter

Wni

1'1. je'arot forest is (are/am) (copula) 1'1. jalunke child, boy Lake Tiberia joma 1'1. j6me, jomasa day jom hOledet
75 -

pl. jimmasa mother

kud, kut

jesiva

right (opp. left) f. jamanesa Yemmanite jpele; gjape, gjapj- to bake f. jaqurta heavy, difficult someone
joter
more 1'1. jetu.im mosquito jMe; gjatu, gjatw- to sit
kadur regel (Hebr) football k-j-p kiple; kajip to bow kakao cacao f. kala light (not heavy) kal
jeda j-g-r jayiIa jaYSra
soon, at once jgirre; gjagir to get angry pI. jaYlte workman 1'1. jayare cigarette generation, <Syr. ar) fiil 1'1. jine clothing jmi.lu; gjam.li (used only in pI.) to assemble, to meet
jimma
jma jarixa jesodi
j 6ra j-r-b

k

kli·ka kibUc
1'1. ks'ke cake kibbutz, collecting settlement matches (to light with), <Syr. ar) kabriit 1'1. kcic6t cutlet, rissole, dumpling harvest -

76-

every kudjum: everyday, kutxa: everyone

kapara
i7 -

kosaoa

f. kosaota low

hixma

keset kisut

bow pI. kisutim decoration cooked dumplil"l:g. ,,"ith meat 'wrapped

lazim

kutele
bread

necessary, <Syr. ar> laazem, d. mnS laazem «it's not necessary)}

III

dough made of m

roughly ground wheat ka!lf

fruit-picking

ma

what?

kvuca kavod kiz

1'1. kvocot group honour, respect

ma'gal

circle it doesn't matter, it's allowed pI. ma\"ravijim western, occidental, westerner

k-z-b

kzible ~ ksible; kazib to get, to earn, to win

ma'tefa envelop mbiooke morning, mb;}ooke mbusla f. mbnSaUa cooked, d. b-s-I

hi

not, no hi ••• lao •• neither ... nor

I'el Ilbba lubja

up, upward

mic'3d march maceva tomb-stone mldbar desert, waste, midbar

per. sliD. Idsle; kisleni at

heart black-eye bean, <Syr. ar> luubye

ma'les ma\"ravl
medura

see mis'ale

< Eng.~Hebr>

I (e)fi

according

moderni

lefa~ot

at least

I~al-

with pers. suD. alone, by oneself Ilfte; glajif to wrap Iiple; glajip, glep- to learn; be used to

mad rase 1'1. madrasat school, <Syr. ar> madrase mifra'a advance (payment)

I-j-f I-j-p I-j-p I-j-s luI tele lulab lellje

moliple; gm:ilip to teach lisle; glajiS, gles- to knead

chicken·coop. hen-roost 1'1. lelawasa night palm-branch party (especially at the previous night of the bar-mitzvah ceremony)

limud

lemuna lemaiiiil lira
Iisana Uama Uex lewaja

study 1'1. lemuoe lemon for example, for instance 1'1. lire Lira, I Lira is $ 3.50 dough 1'1. liSane tongue; language there bellow, beneath

megila roll, scroll magisa tvi'a bringing into law suit miyzaz together, mazyas maher betrothal gift money

ma~abu?lm hide and seek ma'-'anajim dodge ball (game) maf.1san warehouse ma,-,.i ",aja <1'1> meju'-'3d m-j-. mikdiiS

cooked vegetable stuffed with mutton and rice water

sg. f. meju,-,edet, 1'1.

ffi.

molusle; gmalus to dress 1'1. loxe plank, board 78 -

meju,-,adlm, 1'1. f. meju'-'ad6t special

mlsle; gmajis, gmes- to die temple pI. mikrlm case. chance

mikre makar6n

macaroni 1'1. mukwajat iron (tool for ironning) mukwaje mila mil~ama

funeral , levaja luSle; ghiwis, glos- to wear, to put

-

modern

",-1-j mAlik milpona mllxa

see '-'arp I!l!ele; g",a!e, g",ali- to fill

king, <Syr. ar> Malek lesson salt -

79-

min min badal mAni mindi mandile
mara m-r·?

margarina
pers. sufj. mlone from, out of; than

instead of <Syr. ar) badaal who?

pI. 1'1. 1'1. 1'1. 1'1.

su'rue thing, matter mandilat scarf minhagim habit, custom menor6t candle maqlat frying pan, <Syr. ar) maqlaje,
pI. maqqa~e scissors o'wner mrl'?Je; gmari? to have pain. to suffer margarine

center,
marina

bitter

death misa £. mista dead pI. mis~a.d6t restaurant. cafeteria mis"ada
m-~-w

mis"ale
fire, in a open place.
misilman

1'1. miSilmane Moslem, Arab, <Syr. ar) maslem 1'1. mispal)6t family, relati"e,
mispal)a
m-H m-H mnx

m-x-j

for example, for instance, <Syr. ar) rnasalan-matalan pI. mattan6t present, gift,
80-

mxallal <,1.1') mazal t6v
pickle good luck I, congraturations 1 pI. mizral).ijlm eastern, oriental, Jews from oriental countries hair

1'1. miimiiZe apricot, <Syr. ar) masmos,
De'um
n-p-x Duqba naqla
nasa n-s-j n-s-q neti'at 'ecim mivi Dixpusa
(a public) speech, oration nbille; gnabil to take with one, to transfer ncine; gnaci! to pluck Ddele; gnade, gnadj- to jump, to hope
nixIe; gnajix, gnex· to rest, to pass away 1'1. Dimre number, <Syr. ar) namra 1'1. namusijat bed 1'1. nnnijasa fish Dpiqle; gnapiq to go out, to appear
nsele; gmiSe, gnaSj- to forget nslqle; gmisiq to kiss Planting Festival

prophet,
pudink <Eng) p-j-s pajuxa

pudding piSle; kpajis, kpes· to become, to remain

£. pajiixta pleasant -

81

pkidut accountant p-I-' mpoli'le; gimpali' to devide, to destinguish palga half, centre go palga «in the middst, in the centre» pa1gidjum noon pane charcoal p-I-x plixte; t..-palix to work pin!aion trousers, slacks populari <Eng. ~Hebr> popular p'ap,or ba!)l)ar ship p'ap'as Pope; christian priest 1'1. perot frui t prl money pare <1'1> purim

Purim, carna,"al festival celebraLing the rescue of Jews in

q .. r-w

Persia as recorded in the Book of Esther.

q-r-",

Paras

Persia, Iran

p'irtqala prlzla pasa pis!)a

1'1. p'irtqale orange, <Syr. ar> bord'aan, burtuqaal, tapuz, 1'1. tapuzim steel 1'1. paswasa face PassO\'er, pesa!)

pisra

meat

pasut pita ptlle ptilija

f. psuta simple a kind of bread, round and nat kerosene cooking stove, ptilija see ptlle q

qAbil qldduii q-d-m qadanga q-d-s qahwa q-j-m

q-H q-I-b q-I-j qilja qalam

q-I-w qliwa qam qamaje qamxa qindarta qora qurban q-r-j qraja qarira q6ruii

before, ago, qabla sanctification, ceremonial blessing over wine, reciled on

Sabbath and the holy days, kidus mqodlmle; gimqadim to offer, to hand la"atory, <Syr. ar> het i1-lJIayye <11> mqodlsle; gimqadiS to do Kiddush, cf. qlddus coffee qlmle; qa)lm, qem- to rise. to stand up qi~le; qaji~, qe~- to trim, to cut (hair) qlible; qalib to turn over

qteIe; q8le, qa1j- to fry. (verb. n.) qlaja f. qllsa fried, d . q-I-j 1'1. qa1ame penc! l, pen, <Syr. ar> 'a1am -

82 -

qariwa

qarwalwit qi~ta qe!a q-!-' q-!-I qazane

mqolule; gimq8lu to clean f. qluta clean

beside, near pers. prOIL qame at first, formerly flour

1'1. qindare shoe pI. qorawasa, qorasa tomb, gra"e sacrifice, korban qrtHe; qare, qarj- to read; to call

reading, especially of Old Testament f. qarltta cold

pI. qruse a piastre coin, piastre qrme; qaru to come near, to approach

muqru!e; gmaqru to draw near, to approach (something) f. qaruta near about. approximately story

summer

q!j'le; qati. to cut q!llle; qa!i1 to kill 1'1. qazanat (sauce) pan r

r-'-j mur'ele; gmar'e to pasture, to shephered noisy ra'si rab 1'1. rabbanlm Rabbi piba many. much ribbo·im relet cow shed ragll regilot usual rehitim <1'1> furn iture r..j-~ ri~le; gfllji~, gre~- to damp. to wet roma·lm <1'1> Romans rumana f. rumanta high ranga 1'1. range color, renk, rang rappajej embroidery raqiqa f. raqlqta thin r-q-z rqlzle; graqiz to dance, to jump r-q-z murqlzle; gmarqiz to bounce (a ball) -

83-

rasiil

messenger

r-~-x

r~ixle; gra~ix to boil

res3

Feast of New Year, ros haSana head, top

rosem

impression

ruwa

f. rapsa big, large

r-w-j raxuqa

mUTWele; gmarwe to rear, to grow f. raxuqta far, distant

rizza

rice

ros basaoa

s sa'i''i'a, sa'a saooza s-d-r sOf s-f-r seier

silla sikkioa s-k-m s-k-n

skina skira s-I-m sUqe seIori <Eng> solet simbol <Eng> sim~a

siml)at lora semel smoqa smlxta
~abU?ta

hospital

musqille; gmasqH to adorn f. sqUta beautiful, nice ceremony "stand up". a kind of children's game

regular meal, (not a la carte) a kind of game with a ball pI. sawoje grandfather

~aoduq

pI. ~ub?asa finger soap pI. ~a~niijat dish, plate, <Syr. ar> ~a~an ~imIe; k~ajim, k~em.. to fast m~o!eIe; gim~a!e to pray prayer, <Syr. ar> ~alaa(t) last pI. ~illdale sandal pI. ~anduqe box, <Syr_ ar> saoduu?,

socija

f.

pl. sa'i'Ve hour; o' clock; watch

.!;tabuD

banquet, seouda pI. sdinlm sheet (to sleep on) msodirre; gimsadir to arra nge, to set, sider end s06: final msofirre; gimsiifir to trip, to navel pI. sfarim book pI. sukkot hut; Tabernacle, suka, pI. sukOt pI. sikkioe knife, razor muskimle; gmaskim to agree, to consult, hiskim skinoe; ksakin to live, to dwell f. skinta dwelling, living f. skirta drunken mtislimle; gimtaslim to surrender, to yield beat celory

~a~oe, ~a~naje

saoar

fine flour

sabat suva

pI. sOarim gate, goal Sabbath which falls between New Year and Day of At-

symbol rejoise, cerebration, sim~a, pI. sma~ot the Rejoicing of the Law (feast) symbol f. smuqta red pregnant God-father, sandak, who holds the child on his lap for circumcision

sandwic <Eng> sioama
spitar s-q-I sqUa seremoni <Eng> standap <Eng> standard <Eng> stanga sawoja

sandwitch

~-j-m

~!osa

-

~indal

~urta

pI.

~oresa

~urjasa

picture, photograph

~uura

~ax

..si

<enclitic> also, too

56 1a

seven

sadde sOfar sofer sahrije sa~~ale s-j-p s-k-I sikH

~aoduuq

Christian

pl. ~hve stick; wood alive, raw xa h~le ~ax «whole the night»

~iwa

sakar 84 -

~6ma

movie, film f. spiqta empty

,

~+j

onement cards

horn, sofar driver, <Syr. ar> sofoor, cbauffeur salary

slippers, <Syr. ar> sa~~aala, baabuui siple; kSajip, kSep- to paint (cream on one's face) skille; kSlikil to begin pI. sikle type, kind; form; color, <Syr. ar> sakal, pI. ?askiil suggar -

85-

skavaje silin <Eng> sliqa s-I-x

s-m-? sam.a

simma

sammaS

round thin bread

1'1. sule job, work table, sUll)an piece, the most usual greeting shilling f. Sliqla boiled slixle; ksalix to take off sml?le; kStimi? to hear, to listen 1'1. sam·e candle, <Sy r. ar> sam·a pI. simJtuije name the ninth candle of Hanukkah candles. 'which they use to

light the other eight candles

s-m-r

oil smlrre; kSamir to guard, to keep, samar

s-n-j sapsa
msonele; gimsane to shift (a house) pi. sabasa, sabawasa week; Sabbath. Trom Friday evening

suqa

till Saturday evening 1'1. suqe market

siqla s-q-I sire

1'1. siqle piece sqille; kSaqil to take, to get fOlmer monetary unit, about five piasue (??)

sra?a

lamp, light wide trousers (Arab style) a kind of play like domino

semen

sarwal

scs bes SiSme <sg/ pl>

sasse sata

sesame assembly hold on the previous day of the circumcision

1'1. sinne year slele; ksate to drink muiiteIe; gmasle to water light breakfast, (morning) drink

1'1. solrim policeman H-x slixle; kS81ix to spread savu.ol <1'1> ( Hebr> Shavuoth (Pentecost) prisoner, captive savuj suqle; kSawiq, kSoq- to keep, to leave s-w-q ( IV) musxinne; gmasxin to heat, to warm s-x-n saxina

1'1. tfilot prayer phylacteries tilqle; klafiq to find and catch, to meat lol"et tag (children's game) tal)ami position (of hide and seek) tal)posel 1'1. tal)posol desguise, especially at Purim I-k-I tkille; ktakil to be suitable lekes pI. tkaslm ceremony lui mosquito net it depends on ... laluj lallia l. talitta wet humidity laliIusa Ialmiza 1'1. Ialmize pupil, <SrI'. ar> lalmiiz, 1'1. lalamiiz 1-1-1 , mtolitte; gimlalit to hang tilta?sar thirteen Imanja eight I-p-I mtopille; gimlapil to treat, to take care, lipel laptlz see p'irlqala lora f. lawirta, 1'1. lore bull, cow tre-"'sar twelve I-r-j mutreIe; gmalre to wet Turkish lUrId Irumbel 1'1. trumbeIe bus, truck pI. turistim tourist lurisl <Eng> Ius shower laslix TaSlikh, laSlix see note tre two I-w-r turre; ktawir, ktor- to break, to crush t-x-r nirre; ktaxir to remember lruix death-cloth band. orchestra lizmorel

tfila Iflllin <1'1> I-I-q

la I-?_j

f. saxlnla hot

lilla lijjara
mto.ille; gimlali· to play

!-i-x H-b

-

86-

pers. suU. lale for, to ~?(He; k~a?e to search, to look for 1'1. lille little child, baby, <Syr.ar> lafal kite; airplane, <Syr. ar) layyara: airplane, .afiIon: kite ~ixle; k~ajix to hit, to strike I!ible; kla!ib to ask, to require -

87-

tlaba taJ.Iit
t-\-q

t- m -' tim'a t-p·j tappe tora
three

praying shawl, tallil mtoliqle; gimtaliq to divorce, <S)"r. ar> talla' tml?ie; ktami? to ~aste taste

- ; gimtape to stick 1'1. tappal ball Torah, the Pantateuch, lora pI. !urane, tore mountain tarboosh

xilja x·l·p

x·l·w xalwa

rnxollple; girnxalip to change xli~le; kxlili~ to finish, to decide that's all xlUle; kxalo, kxalw· to milk milk

xarpra
wine

xumre <1'1> x ..m-~

tassels, fringes, \laruzim yeast, <Syr. al) xamiire moxml~~e; gmaxmi~ to pickle

xame~

leaven; any foods or vessels not "kasher" for Passover,

x-I-~

xlila!:i <Syr. :ar>

xmira

tarbus tarpa t·r-s

1'1. tarpe leaf

H·j

mtosele; gim!ase to hide, to conceal

xami~

tavla

forms drawn on the ground for the game of hop-scotch

xam6.~

trisle;

ktarix

to get accustomed to, to get used to

\lamec

xamsa w -wa wa'da <m/ I) waja' ra~
wisa wazira

xapca

past habitual, with present

x3sa

l-wajar: out, outdoors

x-s-r

1'1. waraqe paper f. wisla dry pI. wazire minister, 'Vazir, <SyL ar) waziir

x-s-w

xa

one X3 ga xc.a «one another, one by one»

xabra

pI. xabre saying, word 1'1. xabuSe apple

xab6sa

xi4ra xafifa xaje <1'1> x.j.n x·j.p xjara xola x-I-?

x.l.j

x·p·r xora xaraje

pI. wa'de time, period headache; worry, <Syr.ar> waia' raas was/ were <past. copula> (following predicate); lo!, here!, (preceding predicate) or, <Syr. ar> walla

x

pI. xi4re vegetable, fruit f. xalilla light (01'. of heavy), xafiil

life xinne; kxajin to earn, to win

xiple; kxajip, kxep- to wash oneself, to take bath/shower pI. xjare cucumber, <Syr.ar> xyaar 1'1. xole rope, string mxoli'le; gimxlili' to wash moxlele; gmlixle to sweeten ~

88

~

f. xlisa sweet

xnqmane <1'1> xasa
f. f.

xam~a

leavened sour, acid

xamu~ta

five a little xpirre; kxapir to dig pI. xure, xUlasa friend afterwards, at last hommus pI. xaswasa sister f. xasta new

xsiwa

xsirre; kxasir to lose (of games) back (part of body) xsule; kxasu, kxaSw- to think f. xsuta important

x-s-x

xsixle; kxasix to be pennitted, allowed (by law or rule)

xcta xilna Xliba xo!be

another

bridegroom f. xtibla engaged; fience(e) engagement, <Syr. ar> xatbe

x.l-j

muxtele; gntaxte to miss

xi!!e
wheat

xa~a

xziqa

xazir

moxwele; gmlixwe to sho,,· ; to look (intr) f. xwarta white pers. sufJ. xwase like, as xztHe; kxaze, kxazj- to see, to find, to meet xzi: if f. xziqta strong pen. sufJ. xazre beside, near

~

89

~

z

z-b-I) z-b-r

zbil)le; gzabil) to slaughter, <Syr. ar) dabal),
zabasa, zabasa z-j-d

pI. zabase water-melon

zjara
zoom..n z .. m-r z6na zangin

hizmIn zmIrre; gzamir to sing time min zona <dong ago» rich f. zurta small, little

zrl?le; gzari? to sow, to plant pI. zetune olive zvirre; gzavir to turn (a top)
z-w .. n

z6nne; gzawin, gzon.. to buy

zwana

shopping

NOTES I.

'ixrua

Foods

10. ksatax ja q:ibwa, ja caj ja xalwa: Z. corrected this passage after· wards as follows: 11s nase kS9ti caj, ?is mise ksati qahwa w .. x81wa. «Some drink tea, some drink coffee with milk.» 12. I)alawe,
-90-

-

91-

likes» . 106. liixma k6ma: (lit. black bread) It is not rye-bread, but the b read made from flour not refined so much. White bread (Iiixma xwara=lel)em lavan)
our God, King of the universe, who gets lor us bread from the earth». <Mrs. Tok)

224. ma~~a:
133. ptlIe: ptilija
long enough to wait for the dough to rise l-?oxel l;tame~ wd-ni xrd8a han-nefes ha-hu mij-Jisra?el mij-

They turn the wick up or down to adjust the heating power
jom ha-rison <;,ad-jom has-savi<;'i. «For seven days you shall eat unleavened

which works wi th the pressure of air <Mrs. Tok). 140. sra?a: Later Z. changed this word to another one, banadera: a box-

cakes. On the very first day you shall rid your houses of leaven; from the first day to the seventh anyone who eats leavened bread shall be outlawed from Israel» (Exod . 12-1 5)

like stove horizontally devided by an iron plank, with a kerosene lamp at the lower part . Some people think that it's not permitted to let the fire toutch directly a pan on Sabbath, so they use banadera to keep foods WalID

II.

while Sabbath.

145/146 .

Jewish laws forbid to cook meat and milk (or diary products)

jille

Clotbes

togetller, and so they distinguish between kelim bsarijim
4. 7.

for meat» and kelim I)alavijim «tools for milk».

It is forbidden to drink milk or to eat diary products within six hours after eating meat. and to eat meat within four hours after drinking milk or after eating diary

cylindershaped cap without brim. Here Z. means kafija
products 6i ba·llalav 'immo . «You shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk». (Exod .23-19, Deut. 14-21) 2) w~-x::>l bahema mafrestt parsQ Wd-sosa~at sesao:;' stej frasaS ma<;';1la8

25. gallabije: <Egy. ar) gaJIabijja, julbaab a long garment for men, worn mainly in Egypt, with collar, wide sleeves. and buttons. It is worn without girdle nor belt. It reaches to one' s feet and is made with any material.

gera bab-bdhema ?o8a toxelu.

5arwal:

«You may eat any animal which has a

kippa:

parted foot or a cloven hoof and also chews the cud.» (Deut. 14-7) 3) 'e9-ze toxlu mik-kol ',iler bam-majim kol 'asedo s,nappir w,-

31. fistan: one pieced dress for women, with ,\-ide sleeves. and sometimes wi th embroidary along its hem.

qasqeSet toxelu.

32.

«Of creatures that live in the water, you may eat all those

that have fins and scales)) 161. semen: Aram. has 177. Z. mentioned later 20S. skavaje: a general

(Deut. 14- 9) a word for oil; slrik. a general name for pickles: xruDlJ~e
baydiidi, laxma l)oiJabi
220.

Sabbath and holiday delicacy. Sabbath table.

Always two uncut roaves are served on

221. hamm6~i:
92-

d. lo·jihj e x,li-.-evH

]. ?elohexa k:>l- <;,ose ?elle.

~aPma

w, -Io-jilbas genr simla9 'iSla ki

90~a"a9

«No woman shall 'wear an article of man's

clothing. nor shall a man put on woman' s dress: for those who do these things are abominable to the Lord your God.» (Deut. 22 .5) 40. qadanga: On the different occasion Z. remarked that this expression is rather archaic.

60. jiirqus: . 66. Japanese public bath: It has a large tub with hot water in it. Several people get into it at once. They don't use soap in the tub, they wash themsel\'e:-. on the adjoinning tiled floor. Later Z. remarked that hammam's pool was so big and deep. so they were standing in it. 105. gulage pe'6t, side earlocks, sidecurls. Orthodox Jewish males grow long sideburn-Iocks and do not cut hair or -

93-

sha\'e themselves 'with a razor. d. 10 8aqqifu p;i'a8 rosaxem wa~lo 8asl:ti8 pa?a6 zaqanexa . «You shall not round off your hair from side to side, and you shall not shave the edge

the sabbath day holy. You have six days to labor and do all your work. But the se"enth day is a sabbath of the Lord your God; that day you shall not do any work, you, your son or your daughter, your slaye or

of your beards». (Le"it.19-~7) Pe'ot is called pijotes in Yiddish, and simonim in Yemenite Hebr. (Mrs.

your sla"e~gi rl, your cattle or the alien within your gates; for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them, so on the se"enth day he rested. Therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day and dedaired it holy». (Exod. 20.8~1l) 5/ 10. qlddus: (Hebr> kid us, the prayer and ceremony that sanctifies the Sabbath and Jewish holy days. They praise God for ha\'ing created grape, receiting thus: barux 'ata 'adnaj (or 'adosem) 'elohejnu mel ex ha- <;' ohim, bore pri ha-gafen. «Praised are you, the Lord our God, the King of the univer~e, who created the fruit of vine» . 13. kUh,le: (Hebr> kcica, (Syr. ar> kubbe, a kind of food sened especi• ally on Sabbath, its shape is like that of a dumpling. Usually they wrap meat with dough of roughly pound wheat (Aram. girsa) and cook it in a pan . kcica is a mixture of meat and dough and usually h;ed

Tok>

108/ 109.

buzaje go/ min 'India: so-called Cochin Jews (Hebr. kuclnim), from the l\Ialabar coast of South India. Their native tongue is l\-Ialayalam and use Sephardic liturgy.

III.

jirane, xure, mispaJ:la

(L. Rosten>

Neighbours, friends, family

1. 'ir .atika: (lit. Old City), i.e. the Old part of Jerusalem. 8. miSilmane ( 1'1>: (lit. Moslems) Z. used tltis word also for Arab in general, though there are Christian Arabs. 13. Barasnaje, 'Amadnaje: not identified yet. Sfaradnaje (1'1> : (Hebr> sfardlm: Sepfardi, Spanish and Portuguise Jews, and the descendants of the Jews of Spain and Portugal (and sometimes indude Jews of the Middle East, Oriental Jews). Community of Sephardic Jews are found in Israel, Turkey, Balcan-Penninsula, England, Holland and America. 46. ?Urfa: a city in south~eastern district of Turkey, fonnerly called Edessa and was the center of Nestorian Christianity. ~Ir . ben~Shmuel's mother came from Urfa. 56. laxIoxi: not identified yet. 66. kurmanji: Kurdish language spoken by Moslems in Kurdistan, belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European family. 68. Zaxo: a city (or town) near Iraqi~Turish border in the northernmost district of Iraq. Gzira: (Turk> Cizre, (Ar> jaziira, a town lying to the nortll of Zaxo in Turkish territory, .i \Ir. ben-Shmuel's father was from this town, IV.

baraxte 1.

Ceremonies

sapsa:

(Hebt-> sabat, the holiday for Jewish people from just before

the sunset on Friday till the sunset on Saturday. d. The Forth Commandment: zaxor ,.a-jom has-sabooa lo-qadso. ses.a jamim ta'avoo wa · ~asi9a k:tl~malaxtexa. wd-jom has~savi~i sabba9 la~J. ?elohexa lo·a~ase x:t!-ffialaxa. ?atta u~vinxa u~vittexa <;'avd;}xa wa~?ama8xa u~vhemtexa wa~yerxa ?asH bi-s~arexa. ki sesee~jamim ~ asa J. ?e6~hassamajim w;}~?e6 - ha-are$ ?e6~haj-jam w;}-?ee-bl~?aser-bam waj~janal). baj-jom has~s;}vi<;'i. ~al-ken

berax

J.

,.a-jom has-sabbaa wa-jqaddosehu. -

94-

«Remember to keep

. 16. girsa:

roughly g round wheat.

Formerly they used to grind it with

a hand-mill . 21. 'araqin: (Ar> 'araq, arrack, a kind of distilled liquor. It becomes white if mixed \"ith 'water. It is similar to "tequila" in ~Iexico
d. u-nl11altem ?e6 basar <;':Jrla6xem wa-haja la~?06 baria beni u~venexem. u-ven~samona6 jamim jimmol laxem k:tl-zaxar 1;}~ oor06exem jalio be6axa u~miqnaa-kesef mik~kol ben~nexar ?asH 10 miz-zar~axa hu, «You shall cir~ cumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and it shall be the sign of the cove~ nant between us. Every male among you in every generation shall be circumcised on the eight day, both those born in your house and any foreigner, not of your blood but bought with your money». (Gen . 17.11 / 12) -

95-

55. sindaq: sandak, god· father in the ceremony of the circumcision, sitting on a chair called "Elijah's chair" «Hebr> kise sel?eljahu), holds the baby on his laps. It's a great honour to be appointed to 5andak, so usually either patern<\l or luaternal grandfather takes this role.

57.

The most important persons for the circumcision are the professional

circumciser mohel and the god-father «Aram> sindaq, sandak). The procedure of circumcision is as follo\\"s: 1) i\Iohel says before the circumcision: "banlx 'ata 'adonij 'elohejnu ffielex ha-'ohim, ?ascr kidsanu be-mic\'otav ve-civanu 'al 1m-mila." «Praised are You, 0 Lord our God, King of the universe, who sanctified us with Your commandments, and commanded us concerning circumcisiom). 2) l\Iohel circumcises the child with double-edged knife.

Usually women

do not attend this ceremony as they don't like the baby cry. 3) The father of the child says after the circumcision, "barux ?ata ?aclonaj ?elohejnu melex ha-~olam, ?aser kidsanu be-micvot
father». 4) All the attendants say: "kesem !e-nix",,-s la-brh ken jikanes le-tora ll-I-I:lUpa u-I-mali'asim tovim." «As he has entered the covenant, so he may attain the blessing of Torah, marriage and a life of good deeds».

59.

In Israel many people hold the ceremony of the circumcision in

hospitals.

In America they almost always hold it at home.

Oriental Jews usually hold it in Synagogue. Rabbi says as follows after all the attendants say the words mentioned above (cf.Note IV-57): "mi-!e berex 'avotejnu 'AYl"aham, ]icl.lak ve-]a'ak6v, hu jevarex 'et ha-jeled ha·ze ve-jerape 'oto ve-jal.lazik 'ot6. .... ?elohejnu ve-?elohej ?avotejnu, kajem ?et ha-jeled ha-ze, le-?avl\, u-

67.

Pim6. ve·jikare !m6 be·]isra'el (SOil'S lIame) ben (father's name)." «The one who blessed our fathers, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, blesses, treats and sustains this child. . .. . Our God and God of our fathers. sustain this child. We declare that his name shall be _ _ _ ». And then he puts a drop of wine on his lip. '''hen a child is a girl, her father goes to Synagogue on the first Sabbath from her binh, goes up to the pulpit, blesses Torah, and names

his daughter, saying "mi-!e berex 'avotejnu Avraham, ]icl)ak ve-]a,akO\', jevarex 'et ha·bat ha-nolda, ve-jikare !ma be-]isra'el (daughter's name) -

96-

bat Ijather's name)." 71. bar mi~wa: (Hebr> bar nrlcva, (lit. son of commandment). This ceremony is held in a synagogue or temple, and through which. the thineen·year-old Jewish boys reach the status, and assume the duties, of a "man". It is held on Saturday morning which is, according to Jewish calender, closest to the boy's thirteenth birthday. Bar :Mitzvah ceremony is not an ancient institution: it did not exist even until the 14·th century. It is not a sacramental nor confinnational rituals, but only signalizes the arrival of a Jewish boy at a age when, presumably, adult reason and responsibility commence. ha-.aIija ha-riSona le-tora) to read the week's at-

touched section from the later parts of the Bible «Hebr> haftara) and optionally the week's section from the Torah «Hebr) parasa) in front of the atte ndants. tliIlin: t(e)lilin, phyracteries, two thin leather straps, with a small black box on each strap. and the boxes contain parchments of inscriptions from Exodus and Deutronomy. Orthodox male who has passed the Bar LVlitzvah wears the phyracteries during morning prayer «Hebr> tfilat ha-sa~ar) except on Sabbath and the days of the feasts. One strap is coiled arround the left forearm se\'en times 'with the box placed on inner arm just abo\'e the elbow (near the hean of the worshipper), and the other strap is looped arround the head ",,,ith the box placed abo\'e th e hair line in the middle of forehead. The process of putting on Tefillin is elaborate and so a boy who is going to take Bar Mitzvah usually begins to practice to put them on about a month before the ceremony.
d. w;;;l-haja l~xa l~-?oe 'al-jao~xa u-I-zikkaron ben 'enexa l~-ma'an tihje toraS J. b~fixa ki b~-ja I:tazaqa hoci?axa J. mim-l\licrajim. «You shall ha\'e the record of it as a sign upon your hand, and upon your forehead as a reminder, to make sure the la\\' of the Lord is always on your lips, because the Lord with a strong hand brought you out of Egypt». 84. drasa : The scholarl y adress deli"ered by Bar-Mitzvah boy on some aspect of Talmud. Nowadays this custom is not kept always, i.e. among some communities they make this adress, whild among another one they do nothing. And -

97-

also the time and place of the drasa differ from community to community, l.e. 111 the Synagogue in the morning, at at the party in the afternoon or in the evening. For instance, among l).asi,dim (follmvers of the Chasidic philosophy

and says the 'words mentioned in Note IV-133. 5) ktuva (marriage certificates) is read by the Rabbi and given to the bride.

and movement), the boys begin drasa., but should not finish it, and for

6) A second full cup of wine is held by the Rabbi and he praised God for his seven "Benedictions of Nuptials".

that purpose others begin to sing in the middle of the dra!.a.

7)

Tok> 94. tanit:

~i~it.

prayer shaw!, used by male at prayer of religious

services.
<sg) sisit,
106.

sasse:

Among the conseryatiye Ashkenazis, on the first Sabbath

optional

8) The bridegroom drinks from the second cup, and the bride follows him. 9)

It has a fringe «Aram)

Rabbi's sermon for the bride and groom.

The bridegroom crushes the wine-cup, treading on it.

This is the end of formal ceremony and immediately they kiss each other in front of the attendants.
"1 ,vill work for thee, I will honour

thee, I will support and maintain thee, as it beseemeth a Jewish husband to do'" <1. Epstein)

for the son «Hebr) sa16m zaxar), they invite relatives and friends and

132.

serve them with nuts and soda. sasse may be something similar to this small party. 129.

finger and the bride shifts it to the ring finger of either one of her hands after the ceremony. The ring is of simple form and without jewel.

129. I) bruxim ha-ba'im me-'et 'adonaj. mi 'adir 'al·1<61. mi banlx <;'al ha-kol. mi gad61 <;,al ha-k61. hu je\'an~x ?et ha-l).atan ye-?et-kala.

133. ba-taba't ••• Ii: more exactly the bridegroom says his bride as follows: harej 'at mekudeset Ii be-taba'at zo ke-dat Mose ve-]isra'el. «With this ring you are consecrated to me as Iny wife in accordance with the Faith of Moses and the people of Israel».

«Blessed are those that come in the name of the Lord our God. he who is suprime abO\-e all. ~lay he 'who is blessed above all. he who is the greatest aboye all.

~Iay

~Ia)

1\Iay

God confer his divine blessings

upon this bride and groom». 2)

A full cup of wine is held by the rabbi as he ricites:

banlx ?ata

?adonaj ?elohejnu melex ha-<;'o!am, bore pri ha-gafen. banlx ?ata ?adonaj ?elohejnu melex ha-<;,olam, ?asanu be-micvotay ve-cipanu <;'al ha-<;'arajot, ve-?asar lanu ?et ha-?arus6t, ye-hitir !anu ?et ha-nsu?6t Mnll <;'a l jedej l).upa yidusin.

barux ?ata ?adonaj, mekades <;' ammo Jisra"el <;,al jedej

bupa ve-kidusin. «Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who created the fruit of yine. Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of Universe, who consecrated us with the commandments, and commanded us concerning the forbidden marriages and

ha~

forbidden us those only engaged. and

permitted us those legally married.

Blessed are You, our Lord, '\vho

b-~au?tit k3Io:

the bridegroom places the ring on her right index

188. Iii ?iliiha ?illa !-lab wa Mul)ammadu rasiilu !-!ab:
called sabada

189. sma' Jisra?"I, ?adonaj ?el)ad: The final confession «Hebr) seder ha-viduj) ends in the passages as follows: .... be-jadxa 'afkid rul)i, padita 'ad 'adonaj, 'el 'emet. sma' ]isra'e!, 'adonaj 'elohejnu 'adonaj ?el).ad. ?adonaj hu ha-?elohim, ?adonaj hu ha-?lohim. «... Into your hand I commit my soul, You have redeemed me, 0 Lord, God of truth. Hear 0 Israel, the Lord IS our God, the Lord alone. The Lord, He is God; the Lord, He is God». d. ",rna' ]isra'el ]. 'elohenu J. 'el,a5. x::>l-levavxa u-v-xJI-nafS;}xa u-v-XJI-m;}?oa.

w"-'ahavta 'eO J. 'elohexa b,,«Hear. 0 Israel, the Lord is

our God, one Lord, and you must love the Lord your God with all your heart and soul and strength». (Deut. 6-4, 5)

sanctifies people of Israel b y Huppah and marriage ceremony». 3) The cup of wine is presented to the bridegroom, he drinks from it

191.

and them the bride drinks from the same cup.

you share the wine of this cup, so may you share all things from this day

kadlsa and they prepare and do everything for the dead person and his funeral.
on with love and with understanding. 4) The bridegroom places the ring on the right forefinger of his bridge

192. taxrixim: shroud, a white clothing or sheet with which the dead person is dressed and wrapped. They make taxrixfm at night before the

-

98-

Then Rabbi says:

As

mise mejul)adlm:

called I)evra kadlsa
In each settlement there are some males and females appointed as hevra

-

99-

funeral. Orthodox Jew is buried with his prayer shawl. The coffin is a simple pine box without adornment and they never cremate the dead. 193. lewaja: (lit. accompanying) funeral, while the funeral eulogy at

peace in the eternal life with God. <1. Epstein)

216.

byssir xa sata:
the grave is called hesped
On the annual anniversary a memorial candle or lamp is lit in the home, and another in the synagogue, where it burns from sunset to sunset.
219·

kallis: a prayer glorifying God's name, recited at the close of synagogue prayer. This is written in Aramaic and most solemn and one of the most ancient of all Jewish prayer. Kaddish is known as Mourner's Prayer, even though it contains not one reference to death or resurectioll.
At a cemetry Rabbi usually makes funeral oration and recites the prayer of 'el male ral.tarnim as follows: ?el male ral~amim, soxen bamromim, hamce menul~a nexona dl~at kanfej ha-sxina, be-ma<;,aI6t kdosim u-thorim ke-z6har ha-rakiafl mazhirim, ?et nifsat (the dead's name) ben (his father's name) ,e-halax le- ~0Iam6, be·gan ~ede n tehe menol)at6. 'ana, baSal ha-ra~lamim hastirehu be-seter knafexa le-<;,olamim, u-cror bi-cr6r ha-l~ajim ?et nismat{l, ?adonaj hu nal~alata, ve- tanual~ be-sa16m <;,al miskava, ve-nomar 'amen . 0 God, exalted and full of compassion, grant perfect peace in Your sheltering Presence, among the holy and pure, to the soul of , who has gone to his (her) eternal home. :Master of mercy, we beseeth You, remember all the worthy a nd tighteous deeds that he (she) performed in the land of the living. May his (her) soul be bound up in the bond of life. The Lord is his (her) portion . May he (she) rest in peace.

V.

24.

the others, tore at tight side) and avoid the music. In case of mourning for parents, they don't hold nor attend cerebrations another eleven month. 'Vhen one of the Jewish feasts falls in the period of siv~a, siv~a ends on the first day of the feast.
I qurns (= 'agura) coin has a relief of palm-tree 011 one side and

that of number on the another side.

the thighs of the preceding one, and children of the another group jump on their backs.
196-200.

don't work (including cooking), nor wash themsehes, covering a m irror and keeping on prayer. These seven days of mourning are called siv~a
Play

25. bu!6n: not identified yet. 65. «chess»:
Let us say : Amen.

'ave!:
mta'ole

VI.

xaje

18.

Life Petal) Tikva:

a city near Tel-Aviv, its population is about 76,700

Buddha. The Baha'is world headquarters is in Haifa and includes the shrine of the Bah (Baha?ullah was his follower), an archives building and an administrative centre . (E ne. Bl~it> 117. Niigata: a port-city that lies on the coast of the Japan Sea. 127. sessin: tenninology used in Zen Buddhism, i.e. to sit tight and tneditate. 133. jesiva: jesiva, pI. jesiva, a rabbinical college or seminary, an outgrowth of bet midras (House of Study), the place in every Jewish community where men met to study and discuss the Torah and the Talmud. From the tenth century on, jesivcl spread 'wherever Jews lived or migrated.

In most jesiYot it was unheard of to read anything but

Torah and the Talmud and all secular works ,\'ere strictly excluded.

136.

glJliira: gmara, lit. completion, the second division of the Talmud, the "ast compendium of cOlnmentaries upon the misna (i.e. a collection of interpretations of Biblical laws), written in Aramaic. Des Schriftwerke, welches die Dikussionen der Amor,ier liber die l\Iischna enthalt (in zenzierten Druchen fur Talmud eingesetzt). kulle silde I,tukim: i.e. halaxa, the legal parts of Talmud. The elements that are ethical. poetic. allegorical. annecdotal, are known as (h)agada.

redemption of Israel and mankind. <1. Epstein> 17, 18. taslix: taSlix, on the first day of r05 halana after Minha prayer. Jews go to a river, sea·shore or reservoir and say: ve·ta~lix bi· mcolt jam kol I)atotam «and You ,,-ill cast all their sins into the depth of the sea» (Micah 7.19) as a sign of repentance. jom kipur, «Day of Atonement», the tenth day of the month of Tilri, the last of the annual Ten Days of Penitence «Hebr> jamim nora.im). It is the holiest day of Jewish people and called sabat sabatan (i.e . a Sabbath of solemn resting). This day is entirely devoted to fasting. prayer and lueditation and celebrates the theme of repentance. The whole day is spent in Synagogue in prayer and confes· Slon. A distinctive feature of the seryice is the collective confession, particularly of social and moral sins . On the Day of Atonement they wear light shoes or slippers made of felt or canvas, and married males wear a ,,-hite garment named kitl. The five main prayers at the Day of Atonement begin with kol nidre and end in nejla. The climax of the service is named \'avoda, when all the attendants pray prostrating themselves.

d. ,,·.-hajSa LOS la-x'm lol)uqqaS ,olam I,,-xapper ,aI-bone jisra'el mik-lol I.1an09al1l ?alJa9 bas·sana waj·ja~as ka·?asu ~iwwa J. ?eS·:\Iose. «This shall become a rule binding you for all time, to make for the Israelites once a year the expiation required by all their sins. And ~roses can-ied out the Lord's commands». (Levit. 16.34) 26.

VD.

'ezawasa

Feasts

3. ros hasana: ros basana, Jewish New Year, which falls on the 1st tisrej (September-October), and is celebrated in Palestina for twO days. Jews eve11'where accord ingly greet each other with blessing and entire families gather from everywhere for the holiday, and for the feast, bread or apple is dipped in honey to symbolize a hoped-for sweetness in the year ahead. At the same time 1'05 hasana is the beginning of the 'ten days of penitence' «Hebr> 'aseret jemej nora.lm). These are indeed solem days in the Jewish calender, days marked by repentance. contrition. prayers for devine forgiveness. and resolves for the restoration of broken harmonies with God and fellow-men. <1. Epstein and L. Rostein> 12. saiar: soiar «ram's horn», 10 to 12 inches long. that is blown in the synagogue during the high holidays of New Year and Day of Atonement. The Shofar notes symbollically proclaim God as King of the Universe, call men to repentance and recall them to God. as a prelude to the ~ressianic -102-

qamiije gzabl,tiwa:

In the time of Temple, one he-goat was sacrificed

on the alter; and the other one was driven to the waste, as a symbol that the community'S sins were «transferred» to it. d. W;Hla9an ?aharon ~al sne has·s;:)<;'irim golaro9 golar ?el)a5 la-]. wd'gofal ?el)a5 la· <;'azazel.

w;:)·hiqriv ?aharon ?eS has-s;:)<;'ir ?aser <;,ala <;,alaw hag·goral

la-]. w;:)· <;'asahu IJaHa9.

w;:)·has·s;:)<;'ir ?aser <;'alaw hag-gorel

la·~azazel

j:><;'-

oma5 I)aj lifne J. loxapper , alaw }olallal) 'oSo la-'azazel ham-mi5bara. «He (=Aaron) shall cast lots oyer two goats, one to before the Lord and other for Azazel (demon of the desert). He shall present the goat on which the lot for the Lord has fallen and deal with it as a sin·offering; but the goat on which the lot for Azazel shall be made to sta nd alive before the Lord, for expiation to be made over it before it is driven away into the wilderness to Azazel. (Levit. 16-8 ~ 9) 26. kapara : expiatory sacrifice (fowls used ritually on the eve of the Day of Atonement). This rite was introduced after the Temple was destroyed (70 A.D.) and is today practiced only by Orthodox Je,,'s practice. It illYoh'es swing a chicken over the head thrice so that the chicken's -- 103-

~an6ka:

~iinuka, the Feast of Dedication or more colloquially The Feast~ of Lights, eight days feast from 25th of the month of Kislev

blood atones for the year-past's sins. Money is sometimes substituted for chickens and then given to charity.
60.

31. l:u1zao:
to the 2nd (or sometimes 3rd) of the month of Tebet (round Christmas). This feast commemorates the victory of the Hasmonaeans (Maccabees)

37. sukkot: sukot, Succoth, Feast of Tarbanaeles: the seven days' feast from the 15th to 22nd in the month of tisre (Sept/ Oct). During this feast Jewish people take meals in the branch- or straw-covered booths (sukkot) which are built outdoors and through their roofs stars are seen. The booth is intended to look temporary, for it represents the dwelling of Jews in their forty years of wandering in the wilderness.

oyer Greco-Syrian King Antiochus IV Epiphanes (165 B.C.), at one time attempted to extirpirate the Jewish faith. So Hanukkah is a secular, not a religious. celebration. 62. tmanja sam'e jii'ni so?ii sam'e \V-siimmas: sammaS, sammas, is an auxiliary candle for lighting Hanukkah lamps. So in the eighth day they light nine candles(eight candles and the auxiliary one). 67. neli'at 'edm: on the 15th of the month of !vat (Jan. / Febr.) ,73. Special cake for Purim is ?oznej haman (lit. Haman's ears), which has a triangular shape with jam or sesame seeds in it. baqliiwa: a kind of honey cake. 86, 87. see note VII. 60.

At the same time Succoth is a thanks-giving holiday, when the crops had been harvested at the close of vintage season in ancient Palestine.

d. lema'lan jed'lu oorotex£ffi ki vas-sukk09 ho~ avti ?£8 bne Jisra?el b;:,hociq ?oSom me-?H£~ 1l1i~rajim. «So that your descendants may be reminded how I made the Israelites live in arbours when I brought them out of Egypt». (Levit. 23-43) 'ax ba-l)amisQ ~QsQr jom la-I)odes ha!-!,vi~i bCJ-?:>sp~x£m ?£9 t~vu?ae ho-')or£~ tol~oggu ?£8 l~ag J. ;i\"'a9 jamim baj-jom ho-riSon sabba90n v-\"aj-jom has-;;'mini sabba90n. «Further, from the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when the harvest has been gathered. you shall keep the Lord's pilgrim-feast for seven days. The first day is a secret rest an d so is the eighth day}). 41. ~ol ha-mo'ed (Hebr> : As for Passover and Succoth, only the first and last days are com plete holy days. The intervening days partake of the character of semiholiday and are known as 1.101 ha-mo~ed (i.e . both holiday and "'eekdays) <Enc . Brit> 45 --17. 'ap\ba «Hebr> 'aravii), luliib, « Hebr> luliiv), ?etrog : There are four kinds of plants «Hebr> ?arba's minim) symbolic for Succoth : ?etrog «citrol1», lulav «palm-branch», hadas «myrthe» and ~arava «willow» . 48. ~!osa mcju~det: there are five scrolls «Hebr> ~ames megilot) which are read in days of feats as follows; the Song of Songs is read at Pas-

"'10

pis~a: pesa~, Passover, seven days' fea st from the 15th to the 21st in the month of Nisan (March/ April). On these days, all leayen, whether in bread or in other mixtures, is prohibited. As the spring festival, the season of Nature's rebirth, Passover celebrates the birthday 106.

of Israel as a nation on the Exodus from Egypt. (Rosten and Epstein> 112. haggiida: (h)agadii, moral reflections, homilies, apologies, maxims on "wordly wisdom, metaphysical speculations, tales of Israel's past, both historical and legendary, visions of its future, and of the universal messianic sal\'ation and so forth-such are the constituents of Talmudic Aggadah. <Epstein> Haggada for Passo\'er means the tales containing the histOll' of Exodus and the interpretations of the ceremonies. <Epstein)

113. tekes pis~a: On the first night, "'hen the festal meal, and ordered family-banquet, « Hebr> seder), is held.

115 -119.

ma~~a:

so\"er, Ruth at Shavuoth. Lamentations on 9th Ab, Ecclesiastes at Succoth and Esther at Purim.

maca, unleavened bread, symbolizing the haste in which the Israelites left Egypt, without waiting for their bread to rise;

52, 53. sim~at lora: (lit. the rejoice in the law); a festival observed on the final day of Succoth, that honours the Torah, the Five Books of i\Ioses.

maror

The holy scrolls «Hebr> seier tora) are removed from the synagogue's Ark on the e\'e of siml~at ~6ra, and each male in the congregation takes a turn in com'eying them around. This called hakaiii and, by tradition, at least seven turns are made around the entire congretation. -104-

canga «Hebr> zroa'), sheep's foreleg and bi?ta «Hebr> bejcii) egg, symbolic of offerings brought to Temple on this festival; ~IIliq « Hebr> ~aroset) a mixture of chopped nuts, apples, cinnamon and wine, representing the clay from which the Israelites made bricks in slavery. 129. l\Iore usually they pour wine in another cup, called "Elijah's cup", as toast to messianic future and they open the front door to "'ellcome -105-

Elijah, the herald of the ~Iessiah, (Rosten and Ene. Brit> 133. nelila (or nelila ha-jadajim): ceremony of washing hands. Both the washing of the hands and the eating of appetizer 'were customary in early times at festal meals and have been retained in later times, in order to maintain the full formality of the feast. (Ene. Brit> Prayer of Netila is as follows : barux 'ata 'adonaj 'elohejnu melex ha· ~olam 'a~er kid~anu be-micmtav ye-civanu ~al netilat jadajim. (Mrs. Tok> 144. lag ba-?6mer: Scholar's Holiday, the 33rd day from Passover. Sim~on ben (=bar) Jol)aj is a noted patriot of the second century, who refused to be cowed by Roman might and tyranny, and is the reputed author of the great Jewish classical mystic work, the Zohar. (Epstein> His tomb is near wIeron, a village in Galilee. while Rabbi nleir's tomb is near Tiberia. 152. savu.ot: Shabuoth, celebrated on the 6th (or 6th and 7th) of the month of Sivan (i\Iay/ June). This feast is called in Bible by three names: I)ag baq-qa~ir (Exod. 26-13, Feast of Harvest>, jam hab-bikkurim (Num. 28- 26, Feast of First Fruit> and I)ag has-savu.oe (Exod . 34- 22>. The last name refers to the end of the seven-week period, between the beginning of the harvest in the fields (primary barley) and its close (with the harvest of wheat). 162. tis.a be-?av

-106-

7 ;; 7 . 7 7

I)

:fJ

-g ~ )( it 11:@1

4

Conversational Texts in Eastern NeoMAramaic (Gzira Dialect)

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