Contributions to the Textual Criticism of the Kathopanisad issue 100

Contributions to

the

Textual

Criticism By

Anyone justly

who

reads

celebrated

* Der

behaltung

der

the

Ä.

=

B.

or

=

=

lingk's

v.

=

Transl.

,,Vedismus Hebtel

=

nishaden"

Upanishad's Gaebe's

Hillebbandt, =

Max

d. Kgl. Mülleb

sägar Renou

of

1943.

in

and E.

of

to

=

Transactions

68

Translation of the

1—3

Upanishad Sächs.

an Vol.

Leipzig in the

Ges.

d.

and

of

Böht¬

Lesebuch" der

„Aus

Brahmanas

in

579

ff.

(part

1911.

Weisheit

Völker),

Jena

published

Upanischaden",

zur

by

W.

L.

und

Upa¬

1921.

the

Bd. 42, Leipzig Sacred Books ed.

and

(1928)

1909.

der

in

introduction LVII

1921. third edition

Bemerkungen

p.

Bombay

latter

1890, of the

Sh.

Kathain

und

Verhandl.

p. 86f. East Vol.

PanSikab,

XV.

Nirnaya-

1932. publik

anastatic

et

traduit

reprint

par of

G.,

Louis but

Renou.

the

Paris

notes

propose

,,Aus

Indiens

emendations.)

Bemerkungen

Festgabe

K

Wissensch. of K

certain

articles

(Änandäärama

Kgl.

with

„Die

Böhtlingk

is an

there

in

Upanishads"

ed.

and

übersetzte d.

Veda. of K

Textkritische

Upanishad, text

Sieg,

Kultur",

„108

4th

Katha (The

here

Whitney

K

Press, =

=

letter

und

Tübingen

K 1—3 1922.

Sächs. Ges. d. = Translation

auf

of,

„Religionsgeschiohtliches

ZDMG

Kebn's

Text

Sieg

in

=

Rücksicht

S. Räjväde

Leipzig

Stimmen

ZDMG

Kebn

=

des edition

Translation

Praäna-Upani?ad,

B.

Antiquary

Brahmanismus").

(Religiöse

für Bei¬

mit

translations

translated Indian

K

Stelle

Übernahme mit der

1890.

Upani?ad,

of

und

Hillebbandt

anderer

so

article:

gesichtete

Leipzig

= Translation of edition, München

2nd

N.

ed.

Sanskrit-Chrestomathie,

Geldneb

and this

(Verhandl.

Charpentier,

Sechzig = R.

this of

1927.

kritisch

Käthaka

by J. (1929). =

commentary 7), Poona

42),

auch

that

laboms

an

die

for

Anmerkungen Bd.

Garbe

Veröffentlichung

editions

consulted

Drei

erklärenden

notes LVIII

realize the

war.

of

(K)

äaAkara's Series No.

Charpentier

soon

despite

einverstanden,

worden

designations

Wissensch.

Deussen G. or

Form

gewählt

Böhtlingk

mit

zur

very is,

daher englisch abgefaßt. Bei seiner sich die Redaktion freundlicherweise

Kathopanisad

K with Sanskrit

will text^

war

Kathopanisad*

Hamburg

Kathopanisad

englischen

1 Abbreviated

the

Alsdorf,

oft-translated Aufsatz

Freunde

on,

the

und wurde erklärte

indische

Ludwig

and

vorliegende

bestimmt die ZDMG

of

für

zur R.

of

the

American

v.

Kathopanigad,

Gabbe,

Erlangen

Katha-Upanishad Philological

in: 1927. by

Association,

W.

D.

Whitney,

Vol.

XXI

in (1890).

Ludwig

622

many

eminent

text

scholars

as well

it

to

as

suffer

copyists. or

its

final

by

badly remarks, try

attacking of

metrical

other

hand to

the

are

so

admissible

to

seems

strange

be

bad

feeling

faulty, may

be

while verses

of

than in

K

not

the

that

the

more

text

is

by

The

are

niceties

of

which

it

om

or

so is

so

if

correct

could

only

can

be

to

an

be

decide

emendations.

deduced will,

in

the

one

collection task.

with

complete

other

words,

we present

have

this

metrical

success¬

kind laws

certainty

recognize we

is the

translator

of all

of

case,

un¬

certain

of K or

always

shall

been of

satisfactory

investigation of

if with

feel

editor

mere

help

text,

to

verses

useless

whether In

the

the often

coincide

apparently all

by

the

more

least

the

with

worth

a number

no any

a text

be

to

said

at

—

course,

better

be

then

of made

so that would

may

to

remain

may give

of

If

found

may

treatment

There

impossible to

we

it

philologically are

we

confronting

to

corrected.

resort

cases,

verses

which,

case,

there

emendations

far

a

metrical

assumption

correctness.

experiment

metrical often

in

expected,

latter

difficulty

which

be

the

systematically

corruptions

successor(s),

trying

aheady

to

any

metrical

result

even

made

obvious we

licence

the

too his

emendations

text

is

In

it

should

faulty

licence

in¬

consequently,

metrically

apply

these even

quality

much,

the

Yet

it is a dangerous

we

of

that or

slight

however

metrical

if

the

as

corrupt

as

unnoticed

that

get

metrical

A systematic

desirable

ful

if, In

of

standards

cases

poetical

composed

on slightest

correctness.

However

be,

determined.

shall

interpretation, even

problems.

translation.

be we

granted hopeless

of tradition,

emendations of

of —

solved

must

for

view.

even

and the

be

undoubted

con¬

often

without

metrical

metre.

metrical

comment,

taken

of

the

more

would

may

limit

but

it

of

the

on

be

verses

have

wholly

made

usual

criticism —

to

the

exhaustive

textual

that

them

process

usual

number

a success

were

its

without

its

caused and

an

angle

made;

over

knit'

should

far

metrical

a fair

the

and how

difficulties

go

in

or

regards has

as

to

partly

as

interpolators

neglected

freely

scribes

transgressing

try

it

of

intended

been

point

and

poet

wide

to

if

metrical

suffer

i. e.

as

famous

priests

original

based

settled popularity

hands

way

sadly

passed

loosely

from very

contribution

sometimes

from

a

later

K

are

demand

far its

no

frequently

so

that

may the

of

— or

from

of

verses

text

are

metre

a

a hitherto

indeed

bad

still

the

in

make

deficiencies

verses

it,

from

from

conjectmes

regard

so

the

have

grave

to

it

Emendations siderations

on

Evidently

following

treatment,

mainly

that

bestowed

interpretation.

particularly The

Alsdobf

is the

from be

cases

a

metrical

shall

subject

tp

criticism ' Oldenbebg,

1915), syllables

p.

509 or

Zur note, otherwise

Geschichte

speaks

of

wholly

des "the

great

irregular"

Tri^ubh

(Nachr.

number of

K.

of

Gött. pädas

Ges. with

d.

a in

Wiss.

redundant

Contributions

a)

all

pädas

tristubh, all to

pädas

the

cluded',

but

can

be

no

with

plained

by

that It

of

the

Oldenbeeg,

Rgveda

des

(cf.

such

pädas

in

that

where

there

plausible

opposite

But

while

that

of

pädas

of

text

(13) the

5/7

of

of

syll.,

4/6*

pädas,

which

that

it

syll.

occur

in

another

merely

has

the

13) ex¬ Zur

K to

what

the

4th.

longer

of

reason

this merits.

after

whole

a

make own

is

so

where

to its

Rv.

of

genuine, and

caesma

good

from

and

are

on

the

confirms

suffered

66 ff.

entitled

with

from

type

frequency

them

case

the of

the

suspicion

feel

missing

pädas

p.

of

each

10

—

jagati

extreme

for

latter,

recognize

i.e.

all

pädas

there

type

(or

The

shah

the or

to

ex¬

when

to

redundant

(Prolegomena)

judge

such

As

syllable,

not

be

than

only

three

suspect

any

interpolations

the

closer

study

rather

than

omissions.

we

however,

must

izations

all

traditional

attempt

to

metrical

normalizations cases

spelling

and will

of

where to

be

criticize

reading,

the

draw

spelling,

metre

in

metre

etc.

on

itself

any

undo

the

a

to

get

original

add

verse

the

Besides, us

and

of

must

enables

conclusions

interesting

the

i. e. we

of

modern¬ complete

behind

the

pronunciation

to

our

knowledge

of

history. no

must

less

be

me

(nästi

25*b

than

/ anasnan)

1 For

the

IG^^

/ ubhe)

("äntarn

(manusye

(brahma ;

in

sandhi

between

/ atithir);

3,5»''

(bhavati ; 5*''

particular,

S*''

/ astlti)

j etad)

ca / ubhau)

tristubh p.

the

(pravisati ; 20^''

;

ca

; 4,4*''

legomena)

cases,

1,7*''

I arbiyän)

(k§atrarn

askah)

twenty

dissolved:

(grhe 8c
can

true

the

author(s)

linguistic In

its

sandhi,

of

the

we

settle

of

smvey

not

12

suggests,

Before,

p.

list

of

number

from

of

of

pädas

the

is a tristubh

the

recognized

have

12

510ff.

we to

for

päda,

cannot

be

we

reasons

have

äloka

faUed.

more

of

that

itself

thus

anomaly

I p.

additional

Oldenberg's

tri^tbubh great

shall

Bd.

suggests

any

or that

5th

above)

offers

We

The

K,

however,

emendation

emendation^.

of

Tristubh

has

pädas

after

are

two

certain

tristubh

Geschichte

only

päda

with

_ ^ _ ^

even

exceptions

certainly

equally

caesura

the

623

syllables.

the

pädas is

Kathopani?ad

than

for

sporadic

healing

occasional

K,

missing

the

other

w _ ... ^

should at

doubt

of

syhables

or

of

i. e.

and

exceptions

corrupt.

legitimateness

endings,

possibhity

attempt

are

Criticism

jagati,

redundant the

such

there syllables

the

with

reasonable

Textual

irregular for

former,

every

the

with

_ ^ _ ^

b) As

to

;

odd

; 2,7'=
22^^

cf.

ca

;

/ ätmänam)

Oldenberg,

even

pädas

j istäpürte);

(labdhä

(sarlresu

/ ayukta°) (veda

and

{sünrtaTn

j äscaryo)

7^^

(bhavati ; 7*''

Rgveda

;

/ aman-

(sarnbhavati

Bd.

I

/

(Pro¬

59 ff.

' Even

for

67 f.,

Oldenbebg

be

far-fetched

^ Viz.

1,9'i;

the

rgvedic

pädas

remarks in 1,25";

many 6,2^

of that

of on

these

these,

this

kind

"changes passages." cf.

below.

(50

in

removing

all)

;

/ anavasthe^v)

listed the

Prolegomena anomaly

would

Ludwig

624

aditir)

;

ätmä)

9^^

(sür'yo

(Ä.

aira); seven

an

praölistasandhi

(Ä.

On

matik

as

-e-,

The

last

the

same 3,9c

of

-ai-

:

1,18'':

ya

4,10^,

11'^: hanta

5,8*:

ya

esa

6,2^,

9^:

ya

is

and

suvargyo for

sa The

not

esa

anyad;

iva

4,9^

sarve c)

ksai-

of

-a

resulting

from

Altindische writing,

was

requires

-a

-ah

Gram¬ apparently

i-,

-a

e- to

be

näciketam

pasyati

amrtäs

te bhavanti. up.

3,1«';

3,10°;

3,13«';

4,17^;

in

4,4,10

=

noted

tisthaty

ekah;

compare

These

together

two

cases,

K

1,6°'^',

cf.

(3,29,2) ; but

4,9*

and

also

last

with

Rgveda

manusiyebhir

our

text.

6,3''

should

below. of other

course,

we

have

instances

süriya

kva°,

up.

however,

are

read for

Brh.

where,

there

kuvadhahsthah

ä

of

the

the

trtiyah, Ijänänaäm.

irregular

ending

the

demands must according

end

of

and

to

the

plural

more

the

being I

so

päda

vedic

less

of

for

sürya,

4,13^

sa

exigency

as

in

it

will

Veda,

y

1,19* ü

of

3,2*

6uvah

we

hardly

the

the metre.

as

a

I can He has

hardly doubted

avoid that

(sujnänäya syllable,

see we must failed to see

practically

of read

normalized

redundant

lengthening ü are

case

be

be

is

(me)

to

can

prayistha with

Rv., esa

simply

>^) must

us

the

commonest

prefer

(

u and

in

varänäm

the

should

says: "As far of the metre."

the

common

pronunciation leaves

categorically In

so

emends

Veda,

This

note 163, Suvah because hardly

vowels,

Similarly,

^ --J).

in ^ _ w _.

the the

frequent

—

long

Charpentier

genitive in

varas

adopting

of 1,20^

setur

' Chabpentieb, adhümakah and

able

;

4,13''

aväksäkha;

in

cinute

tamo.

1,28"

The

yah

prayi§tha

metro

chreyo

metre

Övetääv.

the

pronunciation

reading

päda

disregarded

jägarti

pronunciation to

varänaäm

by

be

pravaksyämi

value:

svargyo,

the

besides

te

Idiyo,

trtiydh.

2,9''

/

(bhavati/

äptim;

ürdhvamülo

expressed

vidur

divi

from

disyllabic

disyllabic

in

(präpya

svah^.

foreign

varas

etad

have

syllabic

for u

idam

treated

araniyor,

V having

ta

iva

be

must

kämasya

anyac

näneva

suptesu

stabdho

a quotation

read

6c<J

6,14f^'l

Wäckernagel,

vidvärni iha

recurs I

bhuya

rather

4,8

(cf.

cases

ya

pädas

iva

päda

contraction

e-

never

evarn

5,6*:

tato

perhaps

to

though following

the

upanisad,

9°:

or

notes),

these

the

6,1*

secondary

i-

all

: vrksa

Isop.

;

/ ekam);

2,11*

: 2,1*

in

as

within asanäyä";

thus!);

the

following

I § 268b

/ apänam)

(ätmä

eke.

hand,

a

common, read

astiti

other

with

sandhi tlrtvä

reads

1,20" the

-e

(unnayati 12*^

abhinihitasandhi

actually

prasandhi:

or

outer

: 1,12° b)

arpitäs

S.S***

thus!);

/ etävad).

cases,

adhümakai,;

;

reads

(bhavati

In a)

/ astam)

actually

Alsdorf

of

u to

read that

iva the

m, aa

the

interchange¬

Contributions

wbich,

as

might

also

to

the

reading

caesura

easUy

be

the

Textual

fahs

after

got

proktänyena

rid

Criticism

the

of

5th

by

sujnänäya

of

the

syh.,

Kathopanisad

might

eliminating

be

tolerated,

either

prayistha

or

625

eva

but

or

su,

proktänyenaiva

(i.

e.

jnänäya

prayistha^. The

last

which, ing

the

at

to

would

be

2,4":

ends avidyä

yä

to

me

seems

assume,

as

missing

the

n in jnätä,

the

vedic

—

thus

the

final

We

are

on

safer

Wäckernagel

go

one

there

is

' In (Renou

and step

preceding it

Garbe

adopts.

Müller

and

Böhtlingk

the

parallel

the

sujnänäya

a

an

"old

can,

were in

right 9".

—

or

for in va."

the

read

which, but

closely

three

related

punah question

only

sasyarn

of

va in

be

it no

like

to

may

as into

doubt

-which

think latter

be,

Rgveda

recognized

changes äpanäya

the

I the

I should

even

cf.

va.

favour But

opinion,

is

maintained,

"by-form"

is generally

my

(cf.

we

j'^nätä).

two

Roth

deciding

in reading

of

normal

(vidyeti

The as

Whitney in

that

etc. if

syllable

iväjäyate

written.

old

äpaneyä

gnä,

from last

prakritisms

difficile").

38),

remembering

yajna,

case

by-form

However

37,

9
(,, Stimmton")

with

—

in

numerous

There

is

note

right

(2,9*),

"forme

it

we

1,6<=<*

sasyeva

283

he.

päda a

which by

than

considering

calls

note,

certainly

recognizing

further

— the

in

a

is

that

Or

5, p.

worse läop.

imchanged

short

other

metre by

j'^nätä, for

the

to and

convincing

the

note

—

sasyam

as for

35

dealing

pacyate

stands

§ 268 1. c.

here

doubts

martyah

iva

is

when

course,

pronounced

sasyam

alternative

which

is the

three

ratäh.

a departure if the

are

supported

g^nä

^ —,

again

of iva

Wackernagel

a word,

ground

actually

whether

form

there

proposes

quite

sound

päda

as

108,

make

be

pronounce

is permitted

and

There

voiced

the

the

; moreover,

found

would

yaj'^nn, of

result

a tongue-twister

be

p.

the

the

eliminating

wanting

vid'yäyärn

should

end

the

Nobody,

never

we

The

shown, of

sasyam was

by

words

assumes

syllable

of

almost

(Prolegomena

pronunciation

has

phenomena.

it

u

I ventme

too,

syllables,

will

ya

p^ra,

note

is

prastä, Consider¬

consider.

ten

would

read

as Here,

certainly

iti jnätä

supplied

§ 50 c).

Oldenberg

read

convincing.

vidyä

to

other

to

afraid,

avid'yä

was

in

frequent

avid'yä

is

into

puts

syhable

be

possibility

This

am

Naciketah irregular.

p'^rastä.

only is

very I

necessary

Wackernagel

as

look

reading

Oldenberg

the

to

the

has

eti jfiätä.

which,

A

is

in

Chabpentieb,

vidyeti !)

certainly

others

syllable

vidy not

of

Dissolving

it

for

eti jnätä, one

ca

does

^

with

leave

ends

is

reading

in yä

none

(ending where

vidy

pra

of

syhables,

4th,

(2,9^)

a vedic

to

ca the

(yä)

least

either.

5/7

irregularly

possibilities,

stanza impossible,

possibhity

content

after

read

same

where

the of

am

avidyä

caesura

päda

at

at

a päda I

the

absolutely cases

hint

which

no

of not

frequent

least

no,

päda

though

— faulty

äpanlyä, that

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