Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth, May-December 1582

Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth, May – December 1582

Edited by Arthur John Butler

TannerRitchie Publishing

Calendar of State Papers, FOREIGN SERIES

of the Reign of Elizabeth May – December 1582 Edited by Arthur John Butler

Searchable Text Edition TannerRitchie Publishing, Burlington, Ontario, Canada In collaboration with the Library and Information Services of the University of St Andrews ©2006 TannerRitchie Publishing and the University of St Andrews

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CALENDAE OS 1

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PAPERS,

FOEEIGN SERIES, OF THE EEIGN OF

ELIZABETH, May—Deeember .1582. IS THE

PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE.

EDITED BY

ARTHUR JOHN BDTLEE, M.A. TJSDEE THE BnOSCmOH 03? THE MABTEB OT THE BOlifcS, AMD W I I H THE SANCTION BI8

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LONDON: FEINTED FOB, H I S MAJESTY'S STATIONEEY OFFIOB BY MAOEEE AND 0 0 . Id>,, % W m Qmim OOXIBT, FtEET Ssrasfii, E,0, And to be purchased, either afeee% or through any Bookseller, from WYMAS AND SONS, L D . , FBTTISR LAKE, B.O.? OE OLIVES A.m BOXD, E»rastJBea; ot B, EONSOKBl, l i e ,

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ELIZABETH, 1582,

PBBFAOE. So copious is the foreign correspondence of this period that the present volume contains the papers of eight months only—May 1 to Dee. 31 (o.S.), 1582. In Antwerp the period opens sadly with the death of the Princess of Orange, Charlotte de Bourbou-Montpensier. After devotedly tending her husband during the anxious weeks which followed his narrow escape with life from Jaurequy's buHetf she had hardly seen him fairly out of danger when she herself broke down, and on May 4 she succumbed to pleurisy. The presence of the Duke of Anjou did little or nothing to improve the position. He himself, of course, was incapable of restoring anything like order or good government; indeed those who had most influence with him introduced new disorders. We hear of brawls at his Court, Money which should have gone to relieve the ill-paid and half-starved soldiers was wasted on banquets. Martin. Coushe has some trenchant remarks (No. 405) about a great supper, at which the duke invited Norris to entertain him and other eminent persons iii the course of October; and to which several other correspondents refer. Though Norris could not have declined, it hardly increased his popularity. Prom the first the new duke was suspected and disliked by the bulk of the population, who resented -the reintroduction of Catholic worship into Antwerp and Brussels!, and had a rooted distrust of Frenchmen. Naturally enough, the English, who formed the backbone of the States' forces, soon fell out with their French allies. Writing on July 3, Eoger Williams expresses a hope that their ajcrival would make it possible to ftey who shall be masters of the field' j but ten days later, after a skirmish near Boufbourg in which troops of both nations took part, recriminations

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began, and 'although the honest men and gentlemen of both nations agree very well, yet there pass snqh abuses betwixt the common soldiers, that unless it be redressed presently, it will fall out shortly.' As might, perhaps also have been expected, the members of the old French Huguenot contingent who had been serving for some years in the country, showed no great regard for Anjou's miscellaneous levies. Herle, 'writing on July 7, says: ' The old and .new bands of French in our camp were like to have been in arms among themselves, for difference of religion.' Villeneuve, who had commanded the ' old bands' since the capture of la Noue, refused to serve under la Pierre1—a somewhat . incompetent officer, it would seem—whom Eochepot, ill of fever, had deputed to. take his place. In the same letter in which he mentions this, Fremyn criticises his countrymen severely, ' The French have conquered few or no kingdoms which they have not lost for lack of good conduct.' The record of the period is few successes and many losses. Towards the end of April, Thiant had greatly annoyed Parma by surprising Alost; a somewhat important capture, as the possession of the place by the enemy afforded him a base of operations against Dendermonde, Ghent, Ninove, and Mechlin. It remained in the hands of the States for over two-and-a-half years. On the other hand, an attempt upon Conrtray, by Eochepot and Eowland Yorke, failed, though made with some determination, threef scalados,' writes Herle, having been repulsed. A similar attempt on Aerschot seems to have had a similar result. The Spanish successes open with the capture, in the first week of May, of the castle of Gaesbeck, a strong position within a few miles of Brussels,* It was retaken by some French in October. « Strata refers to this time the capture of G-svtej but the States .seem to hare been holding it in June, though they had lost it in August; in ivhieh month Strada puts its capture bj Parma. Both Oaesbeek and Gayre were fiefs of the Counts of Egmont, and the historian has perhaps confused...them.

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The most important success" achieved by the enemy was the capture of Oudenarde. The town had been loosely invested before the end.of April. Stokes, writing on May 20,. expresses surprise at the slackness with which the attack is being pushed, and suspects it to be a feint, to draw ' attention away from more important designs elsewhere. Parma, however, meant business, and those in the town- realised it. Oudenarde, forming as it did a link in the chain of fortresses which still blocked the approach from the south-west to Ghent, Bruges, and above all, Antwerp, was a place of great strategical importance. La Noue had fortified it with great care, and fondly called it his '.petite Rochelle." On hearing that it was to be besieged, he is said to have expressed a hope that Parma, for whose military talents the veteran had a great admiration, - would not throw away his reputation, over an impossible task. It had besides for Margaret's son the sentimental attraction of having been the birthplace of her mother—'daughter to a erossbowmaker that dwelt there,' says Herle—and of herself. Herle, in sending a plan of the town for the Queen, is careful to mark the sites. The siege of Oudenarde began to be more seriously conducted in June. On the 4th, after bombardment, a ravelin was assaulted, but unsuccessfully. In the course of the nest few days 1,800 rounds of large artillery were fired. The States' camp lay inactive a few miles away, waiting for succours from France, and for Jforris, who had been recalled from Guelderland* leaving that province almost undefended. When he came he was unwilling to go to the camp, perceiving that no good could be done, with the inferior forces at the disposal of the States. On June 28 he takes a more hopeful view, if Fervaeques with the French troops, and Count Mansfeldt with. Ms reiters, come at any good tame. However, Fervaeques was loitering aboxrt, no one quite knew where, and Count Mansfeldt's reiters began to be heard

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of about July 7; by which time Oudenarde was gone. Closely invested, and despairing of succour, finally driven back by a furious assault to their entrenchments within the town, the besieged on July 3 consented to a parley. Kext day, under cover of a heavy storm of rain and hail, the enemy succeeded in getting within their defences, and after more heavy fighting, they were pushed to their last refuge across the river. On the 5th the place surrendered. For his mother's sake, perhaps at her request, Parma granted favourable terms, a copy of which is given in No. 140.' The governor, Frederick van der Boich, and his officers and soldiers were allowed to depart with arms, ensigns, and baggage; while the burghers were promised that no proceedings should be taken against any man. A subsequent version, recounted by Herle, credits the burghers with less determination, and as usual finds the cause of the disaster in ' intelligence' between some of the besieged and the besiegers.* The loss of Oudenarde did not increase the popularity of Anjou and the French, and even the Prince of Orange was blamed. The English force was at once hurried off to strengthen Dunkirk, the capture of which port was believed to be Parma's immediate aim. On the way the English, led by one Yenicome (or Vinioombe), took the opportunity to mutiny and arrest their officers, on the plea of arrears of pay; but the French marching on, emulation proved more efficacious than discipline, and the men returned to duty. In August, however, discontent had reached such a pitch that 300 went over to the enemy. Parma received them with open arms, hoping that they might serve as decoy-ducks. A rumour seems to have reached the camp that the Queen 'did not wholly mislike' this change of sides j indeed, that it had been suggested from England. * Steada, who hm an excellent description of the siege, gives ao Mat of this, but says that a fine of 30,000 florins was imposed on the town, Howver, there is nothing improbable in Herle's story. Philip de JJochinghien, the lord of the suburb of Oa&enarde beyond the Scheldt, known as Pamele, is said to have been £he intermediary.

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A little later another mutiny seems to have taken place over arrears of pay. Norris^ though a fine soldier, was not conciliatory, and something of a cabal against him seems to have been got up, in which Morgan was persuaded, through some bit of gossip reported by Herle, to countenance so far as to ask pardon for the mutineers; a request sharply rejected by the Prince of Orange. French jealousies seem to have contributed. (See No. 227.) The enemy followed close from Oudenarde on the heels of the States' army, and took up a position before the town* of Berghes- Saint-Wynock, a few miles in front of the States' camp. Here, on August 3, a smart skirmish took place in which some Englishmen, notably Roger Williams and Rowland Yorke, distinguished themselves. Several pens have described the scene, of which perhaps the most graphic is that of Martin Couche (No. 217), an officer in the force. Apparently a sortie was made upon the Spanish army as it passed in front of Berghes, led by Parma in person. The assailants were repulsed by the Spanish horse, but rallied behind some English pikes, and left off with the honours of the day, a colour having been taken by Williams, and a Burgundian colonel, Balanson (brother to Marc de Rie, Marquis of Varembon, a man of some importance), with some of his officers, taken prisoner, much feo Parma's vexation, as Strada informs us. This officer seems to have saved his life by the old stratagem of giving the name of a more eminent personage; whence a report went abroad that Montigny had been taken. Norris's report of the tkffefa (No. ,221) is curiously meagre in details. He says nothing of either Williams or Yorke, with the formex of whom he was not on the best of terms, while he probably (not without reason.) distrusted the latter; mentioning only a Captain Huntlay, whose name does not occur in, tihte narratives of the eye-witnesses. Whatever elation may have arisen from this little success was quickly damped by the report of a serious

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disaster. Situated between Antwerp and Mechlin, at no great distance from either, the town of Lierre was a post of considerable importance. It was garrisoned mainly by Scotch under Captain William Sempill; and in the early morning of. August 2 Sempill admitted Haulte.penne* with a force of Malcontents. The motives for the treason. are variously stated. Sempill had quarrelled with Stewart; but Stewart was already ..out of the country. The Scots, Like others, were short of pay and becoming disaffected. Even at Meenen, which they were to hold valiantly for some time longer, we find one of the officers, a younger brother of the notorious Master of Gray, deserting to the enemy just at this time. In a letter to Walsingham a few weeks later, Sainte-Aldegonde expresses grave doubts as to the good faith of the Scotch king, and seems to anticipate a wholesale defection of his subjects in the Netherlands from the national cause. The best account of the betrayal of Lierre comes from Thomas Doyley (No. 237), who tells the story in racy fashion. Among other details he mentions that Sempill took the last opportunity of fleecing the Antwerp tradesmen by buying silks, velvets, &c.T on credit. * The loss of Lierre rendered the position of Antwerp far less secure; a fact generally recognised, and expressed in a jocose notice posted up at the gate of the captured town that 'The city of Antwerp is to let next Michaelmas' (No. 234)-, Before the end of the month the town of Batemburg on the Maas in which Stewart, who before his departure for Scotland had married the widow of a former lord of that placed had left a Scotch garrison, was lost to * Doyley seems to have made s small error in dates. He puts Sempill's visit to Antwerp on Aug. 2, by which time the treason had been accomplished. Longston writing on that day from Antwerp, gives the first news of it. A email ehange in punctuation will set Boyley right. fThis marriage of Stewart's does not seem to be known to the historians of the thne; except Keryyn de Lettenhove, who characteristically makes the lady widow o£ a Count of Man&ergeheid. Stewart spent many years m trying to recover hat dowry. , He married again later in Scotland. "

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the States by a similar. act of treachery; it may be surmised, not without the cognisance of their late commander, with whom Doth the Spaniards and the Queen of Scots had for some years been tampering. 1

So long as Eerghes held out it was useless to attack Dunkirk, and Parma accordingly brought his camp back, after a demonstration against Meenen, to Oudenarde, augmented by 6,000 Italians and- Spaniards, the Pacification of Ghent, of which he had never approved, being now regarded by. him as a dead letter .y ' Early in the morning of August 29, he marched out of, Oudenarde, with, the intention of making a sudden attack on" the States' army, encamped under the walls of Ghent, and 'at the moment preparing for an attempt to recover Gavre. The Spaniards attacked with unexampled fury, and penetrated to the baggage-train. The fighting lasted, with a short intermission, for 9 or 10 hours, and was very fierce. The English mutineers were given the post of honour, as the forlorn hope; and seem to have earned the enconiums of their countrymen on the other side. The States' forces broke and fled into the city; but the English led by Norris in person, aided by a few Ereneh gentlemen, ' detesting' says Herle * the yileness of their own nation,' gallantly covered the retreat. The action took place under the eyes of the Prince of Orange and the Duke of Anjou, who had come to Ghent on August 20 for Anjou's installation as Count of Flanders, and watched the fight from the walls with some personal danger. Norris's own report is as usual provokingly laconic, leaving particulars ' to the report of the bearer'; but Stokes (No, 294) and Herle more fully (No. 302) give picturesque details. While these operations were in progress a matter was being investigated which caused much sensation at ihe time, and still remains' to some extent an unsolved problem, During the stay of Anjon m& the Prince at Bruges, where the Court remained so long as the camp

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was at Dunkirk (that is from the fall of Oudenarde to about Aug. 16, when it was suddenly moved to Ghent), was apprehended one Nicolas Salcedo, on a charge of conspiracy to murder both Prince and Duke. He was a man of the vilest character, though of fairly good birth. He was the owner of an estate in Normandy, where his diversions had been highway-robbery and the clipping of coin; for the latter of which offences he was under sentence of death in France, and had indeed been executed (by boiling) in effigy. His father, a Spaniard by birth, had been in the service of the Duke of Lorraine as governor of a town; one story, says Metz, which seems hardly probable. According to one version the elder Salcedo had even ventured to ally himself by marriage with the ducal House, a piece of presumption which incurred the displeasure of the Guises, who, either for this, or for an estate of his, coveted by the Cardinal of Lorraine, -contrived to get him, though a staunch Papist, removed in the Massacre. Salcedo, escaping the caldron, had fled to Parma, and is said to have been with the Spanish army at the capitulation of Oudenarde. He seems to have obtained access immediately afterwards to the Duke of Anjou by means, of an introduction from the Duke of Lorraine. Very soon he struck up an acquaintance with the yonnger Count of Egmont, whom since his brother's defection and imprisonment, the Prince of Orange had taken under his special protection. In spite of the Prince's warnings this youth contrived to cultivate Salcedo's acquaintance, and was arrested with him, though not treated with rigour. Salcedo was pat on his trial, after the fashion of the time; and by July 26 enough evidence had been collected to send to a personage whom Audley Danett designates only by a number, but who was, as may be inferred from BLsarrfs of a few days later (No. 231), the French king; and to cast suspicion on another^ who may be the Duke of Guise, (Unluckily

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there is no key to Danett's numerical cipher; and the papers do no contain specimens enough of it to enable any very" certain inferences to be drawn. In the previous paragraph of No. 189, in which it is employed, it seems plausible to interpret ' by Queen Mother out' of France, and by the Queen out of England.') Pending the arrival of directions from France Saleedo and his accomplice, an Italian named Francesco Baza or Masa, whom he had somewhat imprudently sent with a report to Parma, and who had been arrested at Dunkirk, were kept in prison at Bruges. In the interval Baza had killed himself with a knife in the prison.; not, however, before he had under torture revealed a good deal. The answer from France came on August 11, in the persons of Secretaries Bellievre and Brulart, A few days later Cobham writes that the. Guises were much . ' offended '—meaning perhaps put in difficulty—by Salcedo's apprehension, and seems to hint at the destruction of incriminating documents; and in another letter that they were annoyed with Monsieur for sending his confession to the king. On August 19 Saleedo was sent in irons to Ghent, and two days later started, very unwillingly, for Paris with the Secretaries; after further revelations as to designs against the king. They reached Paris on August 28, and the prisoner was committed to Bois de Yincennes, where great precautions were taken against any possibility of his communicating with those oxitside. It was said that the windows of his cell were to be walled up. There he was visited by the Queen Mother, and examined by Cardinal Birague and others; before whom he retracted a great part of his confessions. A more formal examination was conducted by President de Thou, the head of the Paris Bench, The King of Spain seems to have made interest on his behalf; it was alleged with the threat that reprisals for any hurt done to him might be taken on the persons of la None

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and Turenne. On October 12 the king, after a private interview with the prisoner, caused another examination to be held by de Thou, Chiverny and others in his presence, at which Salcedo repeated the retractation of bis charge against the Guises. At some time during the proceedings Guise had expressed a desire to be confronted with the prisoner (ISTo. 484), but it does not appear that this ever took place. Two days later he was removed to the Bastille. Cobham says 'it is supposed he will be racked'; which seems to imply that he had not up till then gone through that process. When he did undergo it, it was reported that the king was present concealed behind some tapestry. The king so fer believed in Philip's complicity that he instructed his ambassador at Venice to make formal complaint of it to the Signiors.11* In an undated, decipher (No. 401), which must belong to about this time (or perhaps a little earlier) Cobham again reports the uneasiness of the Guises hi respect of Salcedo's revelations. On October 24 he was formally condemned, and on the following day executed on the Place de Gre"ve, being given 'two or three plucks' by four horses, and then strangled. On the scaffold he made statements which were taken down in writing, but not published, though the Guises were presently allowed to print a i justification' based on them. This was in due course circulated among their friends. The operations were witnessed by the king, Guise, Mayenne, and most of the Court, Cobham notices that after the event the king's relations with the Guises became more friendly; but hints that he may have been dissembling. e

That Philip Had some cognizance of the plot seems by no Meaas improbable. The affaie of the Azores had made any understanding with France impossible in the immediate, future.' The only ehanoe of getting his hands free to deal with England, was to make trouble in that country. It Henry i n and Anjou had been got out of the.way, the events of 1585 ana the -following years might hava been precipitated at a more favourable moment.

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During Salcedo's imprisonment in Prance, Anjou wrote letters to' the king and his mother, copies of which reached the English embassy. The drift of them is somewhat obscure; but he seems to intend to dissociate himself and his servants from the charges brought against the Guises, and to repudiate statements to the effect that they had been extorted by any pressure on the" part of. the latter. The horror of the whole affair so wrought on President de Thou that he died at the beginning of November. The matter caused a stir outside of France. On Nov. 8 Walsingham writes asking for particulars, especially touching the Guises, on behalf of the Queen; and hints that what is published is far from being the whole story. A copy of the judgement (which is in print elsewhere) was sent by Cobham. Lastly, the Prince of Parma sent a special messenger to Italy to clear himself of Salcedo^s imputations; one would think an unnecessary step in an age when political assassination was one of the ordinary weapons of statecraft. It is noticeable that Alexander's panegyrist, the Jesuit Strada, passes over the whole affair in silence. In the east the withdrawal of Horns and the English, from Guelders had put that province in jeopardy; and if Parma had been able to follow the instructions given by Philip (which, as the letter was intercepted, may not have reached him) to reinforce Verdugo at once, it might have been restored to the Spanish allegiance. Lochem, which Verdugo was besieging, was re-victualled by Count Hohenlohe and again by Count William of Nassau, and some of the enemy's forts captured by the latter. Verdugo made a show of retiring, leaving a small force in observation; but some French cavalry, who incautiously came out to attack, these, were roughly handled, and the three sons of the Count of Bergen, nephews to the Prince of Orange, were taken prisoners, Norris was seat back to (Judders with English and. ism b

PREFACE. French troops, and by September 27.,the news had reached Antwerp of his successful relief of Lochem, and defeat of Verdugo. The ' young earls' were set free, and five ensigns taken, But so accustomed were people to bad news, that, as Herle reports, many at first doubted the truth of the good tidings. Incidentally it may .be noted that one of our best sources of gossip fails us during the siege of Lochem. Fremyn was among the beleaguered garrison, in command of a company;. and whether from the stress of military duties, or from the difficulty of getting letters through, we have nothing from him between July 29 and November 11. Towards the end of October reinforcements, from France were at hand. Biron, after some refusal of permission to march, had brought an army of 20,000 men across the Somme. The king, Oobham says, had even sent 60,000 crowns towards its expenses. On November 28 he passed Gravelines, Parma having made no serious effort to hinder his advance; and by the beginning of December he was at Bruges. With him were the Prince Dauphin— now become, by his father's death two months before, Duke of Montpensier—-and many other gentlemen, both Catholic and Huguenot. After being feasted at Bruges and Ghent, they arrived at Antwerp in Christ mas-week (according to the New. Style); too late to be of any use, if indeed they had ever been intended to be so. The only achievement in which they bore a part was the treacherous attack on Antwerp, which a fortnight later put an end to Anjou's chances in the Low Countries. The success at Lochem seems to have made the States too confident Forces were withdrawn again to Brabant, and weak garrisons left in the towns. The folly of this policy soon appeared, for Verdugo, after his repulse, hastened into Overyssel, and in November surprised Steenwyk; from the siege of which he had been driven in the previous winter by N o r m ; thus gaining a foothold dangerously neai the. coast.

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Attention may here be directed to an interesting document, for which we are indebted to Audley Danett, Norris's secretary, and a very regular correspondent; brother to the better known Charles, the translator of Commines. It is a list of the towns on (using the word in a wide sense) the four principal rivers, Maas, Waal, Rhine, Yssel, held at the beginning of November by the Duke of Anjou (i.e. the States) and the Kong of Spain respectively (No. 438, 2). It will be noted that all •within the lines of the Waal and Yssel, that is Holland, Utrecht, and the northern half of Guelderland, was well guarded, while a kind of transverse curtain of strongholds between the Maas and the Ehine protected the angle of this line, so Jong as it was not itself taken in flank and rear by the king's forces in possession of the Maas from Kuremonde upwards. At present, however, Parma contented himself with leaving Verdugo to carry out more or less desultory operations in the east, while he himself worked steadily towards Antwerp. " Before he could successfully attack the capital, four large cities remained to be reduced—Bruges, Ghent, Brussels, and Mechlin; and it will be seen that now and for the next two years every operation undertaken by him had for its aim the loosening of the grip of the States upon one or other of those places. The capture of Nynove, after a siege, on. November 15, was the most important step forward made by him during the remainder of the year. I t completed the recovery of Flanders south of the line of the Lys and Scheldt, with the exception of Alost, which held out for a year longer, and Dendermonde* which Alost protected. The last days of the old year (or the first of the new, according to the style which we adopt) were brightened for the national cause "by a successful raid carried out by Bonnivet, resulting in the recapture of Eyndhoten in north-west Brabant, which had be#n taken

PBEFAOE. by. Hattltepenne fourteen months before. Expert observers like Norris and Fremyn comment on the value of this •capture as affording a base for operations to recover Breda and Bois-le-duc. But a few days later all was thrown into confusion by the French treason at Antwerp; and before the spring was far advanceds the town was won back by Count Charles Mansfeldt, Turning to France, we find not much calling for special notice during the first part of our period The chief iaterest during this time turned on the question of the extent to which the king was a consenting party to his brother's enterprise in Flanders, and how far he was prepared to aid him. He saw plainly enough the danger of going so far as to be involved in open hostility with Spain. To Biron, who was eager to be employed in the Netherlands, and was thought to have the influence of the Queen Mother on his side, he replied through Yilleroy that he had reason to fear he might get engaged in war with his neighbour. Which neighbour was meant, .the secretary declined to specify; but the marshal could have not much doubt on that point. At the same time orders were sent to Calais and Mezieres forbidding any trade on the part of those frontier towns which might aid the Spanish forces to obtain supplies. The prohibition was repeated for Calais in August. Pallavicino, a shrewd observer, whose position i n ' the financial world brought him into contact with leading people, cannot, at the beginning of August, make up his mind as to the king's intentions. He gives the reasons for and against, evidently in his own mind leaning rather to the latter. In August the Queen Mother was giving out her inten* tion of helping her son so far as it might be done without an open breach with Spain; and the Prince Dauphin t a d yielded to her persuasion so far as to announce his intention of setting out. His father, the Buke of Montpensier, was waarm in the cause. The king at this time wm absent, having gone to Lyons, If Herle

may be trusted (No. 302) Ms journey was regarded in the Low Countries as a pretext for keeping himself clear of any suspicion of connivance, while he himself was thought to be in correspondence with Philip, The mission of Bellievre and Brnlart must have had another object than the examination of Salcedo. They were doubtless also intended to report on the state of affairs in the Low Countries; and they must have seen these in a more hopeful light than observers of longer local experience. Soon after their return Cobham reports that Bellievre had brought the king's assent to the dispatch of a force under the Prince Dauphin and Biron; the arrival of which in Flanders has already been mentioned. Perhaps the most dramatic event of the period in which France took a hand, and one which though outwardly it looked like a filibustering enterprise, was not without its effect on international politics, was . Strozzi's expedition to the Azores. The Queen Mother, for purposes of her own, had never renounced her shadowy claim on the throne of Portugal, though she had for the present transferred her goodwill and interest to Don Antonio, together with the more tangible assistance of ,300,000 crowns. In May the fleet, which had been assembling in Normandy and at Bordeaux, sailed to its rendezvous at Brouage, and by the end of the month had reached Belie Isle, Strozzi being in command.0 On Whitmonday, June 4, Don Antonio with Count Vimioso and others of his followers left Tours, and on the 16fch sailed with a fleet of 60 ships, carrying 5,000 "fighting * I t may be naked tliai besides his near kinship to the .Qtteen Mother—his grandmother was sister to her father, and his own mother •was a Medici-—Strozzi had an hereditary SCOTS to settle with the Hapsborgs. His grandfather Klippo had been condemned to death by the direction of Gharles V for Ms opposition, to the restoration of the Medici as Dukes of Blorenee, and had only escaped execution by suicide; while his lathes £iero or Pierre, the aiai'shal, had spent his life, and lost it, in fighting the Imperial armies in Italy and Lorraine. So his selection 1st the command of the expedition was natural enough.

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men," among whom there were reckoned to be 1,200 gentlemen volunteers. English aid had been earnestly requested by both Bon Antonio and Strozzi, as the one thing needed to ensure the success of the enterprise, and had been promised. As late as July 15 Custodio Leitam, the pretender's agent in England and Flanders, asserts that the Queen had given permission for the employment of some of her ships. A somewhat obscure sentence (due perhaps to his imperfect knowledge of the language in which he writes) seems to imply that they were long in appearing, " Ultimately it would seem that no Englishmen took part in .the expedition, at any rate as officers—a 'footman' of the Earl of Leicester's is mentioned as having been in the battle—though seven ships were lent as transports. One was lost by fire before the fleet left France.*8 Nor did the aid promised from the Low Countries come to anything. On July 8 Herle writes that the preparation of it is ' quylled'; though the sanguine Leitam was still hopeful after the middle of August. The first news of the expedition after its departure from French waters came to hand on July 27, when Antoine Scalin, one of Don Antonio's captains, arrived at Paris with dispatches announcing that a descent had been made on. the extreme north of Portugal, and the coast town of Viana occupied (No. 209).f Thence the fleet proceeded on its way to the Azores, and no more is heard of it for some weeks. Presently sinister rumours begin to come in. * On August 15 Oobham writes: " They have spread about these two days that the French navy has fought with the Spaniards, in which * According to another account, the ship so lost was the flag-ship (Venetian Cal, No. 96), , f None of the published accounts of Strozzi's expedition say anything of. this raid into Portugal, nor is there any other mention of it in this volume. All relate the events as if the fleet had shaped its course straight for the Azores. But Sealin's report may be credited.

PREFACE.

1

fight Strozzi is said to have been slain." A few days later fugitives began to arriye, bringing confirmation of the disaster. The Queen. Mother, we are told, "shed more tears, with more show of grief, than has appeared in her at the death of any of her children."3 From her own letters it is clear that there was a strong personal affection between her and her kinsman Strozzi.

Next came Captain Mppeville, once a noted pirate, who had ere now made acquaintance with the inside of an English prison. He had commanded a ship in Brissac's division, and had taken part in Brissae's premature withdrawal out of action. He brought yet more detailed corroboration; but curiously enough the fact of his haying run away caused his tale to be discredited, and so far as Strozzi personally was concerned, Catherine's hopes began to rise again. The arrival at the Court of Count Brissac himself, with the news that he had brought home three Spanish prizes, also helped for a moment to put men hi a more cheerful frame of mind;" but still remained the anxiety as to the fate of the bulk of the fleet and its commander. At an audience on August 28 the Queen Mother mentioned to Cobham a story brought by the Bishop of Angers, of a French bark which had witnessed the action, and had subsequently seen- French ships in chase of Spaniards. A somewhat similar story as to a rally and success on the part of the French fleet, .after a reverse at first, and the loss of their leader, came in a few days later. These and similar rumours were afterwards accounted for on the supposition iihat the arrival of a squadron under Captain Pardini, some days after the decisive action, had given rise to expectations which were magnified into facts. On the same day, September 4, on which he sends the latest of these reports, Cobham writes: " There is small hope of M. Strozzi's life" In England, in spite of the hopeful news that reached Maavissifere* there was little belief in the prosperous s The Venetian ambassador eonfima this story.

issue of the enterprise; and the same seems to have been the case in the Low Countries, where the result was awaited with even graver anxiety. Even when no more doubt of Strozzi's death remained, . the tale of a subsequent victory won by Don Antonio's fleet still had some currency. The Queen Mother herself sent the story to the Low Countries, but according to Danett, writing September 17, though ' constantly reported for true in the Court,' it got little credit in financial and commercial circles. After the middle of September no further doubt was possible as . to the disastrous issue of the' ejqpedition. On the 16th or 17th of that month one Fournicon, who had been Strozzi's secretary, arrived at Paris, bringing an authentic account of what had happened. It will be found in No, 365, which was dotibtless sent by Cobham, probably between his letter of September 17 and the very full account (No. 353), apparently of Portuguese origin, enclosed in his letter of the 26th This account does not appear to have been previously published. It tallies very well with those given in the supplement to the Lettres de Catherine de Mtdicis, and gives a full narrative of the events. The fleet took a month to reach St. Michael's. There they effected a landing, and got the better in a skirmish with the Spanish troops stationed on the island, but could not capture the fort without. artillery. Before the guns coiild be landed, Santa Cruz and his fleet appeared. It was decided to give battle, and the landing-party was got safely on shipboard; contrary to the advice of some, who held it 'better to make sure of the island than to hazard .everything, on the chances of an engagement. Several days, however elapsed, during which the fleets did nomore than look at each other. iStrong and shifting winds may have contributed to the delay; but in all probability Strozzi felt Mmself hampered by divided counsels, and doubts as to the trustworthiness of several among

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Xxiii

his officers. It was said also that he anticipated a change of wind unfavourable to the French fleet. If so his forecast was justified, for the Spaniards, who had been to leeward, seem to have had the weathergage in the fight. One advantage for Strozzi lay in the fact that Don Antonio, who had nominally been in supreme command, left the fleet on July 25, and sailed, it was reported, in the direction of Madeira. As a matter of fact he went no further than Terceira, the principal, though not the largest, island in the group, which was devoted to his cause. A council of war was held on the 25th, at which after some opposition Strozzi got his own way, and it was decided to fight on the morrow. Hisi first action was to leave his own unwieldy Teasel, in. spite of the remonstrances of his flag-captain, Cauquigny, and the crew,' and go on board the handier ship commanded by M. de Beaumont. He wished, he said, to force the fighting before those who, from whatever motive,0 counselled inaction, should have a chance of, in the picturesque phrase of the time, 'throwing the cat between his legs/ Beaumont, it should be noted, was second in command of Brissac's squadron, and somewhat resented the Commander-in-chief's decision to come on board his ship. In spite, however, of their leader's forwardness, many held back. The writer of the account before us estimates that out of 48 or 4& ships present not more than 8 or 9 were really engaged. These did their dtify manfully at first. Strozzi and Brissac went straight for the largest of the enemy's vessels; but Brissac, finding himself overmatched, soon hauled off, and sailed away for France. Strozzi fought on for more than an hour. Caxiquigny, who seems to have done his duty well, endeavoured to * There ia some reason to suppose that the Guise feetioa had their agents in the expedition, When Briasftc returned, only Guises influence saved Mm from censure for his eonctuci in aSa the fight.

PEEFACE.

come to his aid; but before he coald do so, the Spanish flagship, which had as yet taken no part in the fighting,e bore down on Strozzi's disabled vessel, and laid her aboard. One volley cleared her decks. Strozzi was taken alive, but mortally wonnded. Various reports reached France as to his actual fate. It was stated that Santa Cruz had wished him to be dragged in pieces between four boats: again, that he had been thrown overboard while still living. As a matter of fact, he seems to have died of his wounds almost immediately after the enemy came on board his ship. Santa Cruz, in his dispatch announcing the victory, is said to have spoken in high praise of hte valour. Towards the survivors who fell into his hands he was implacable. The ' gentlemen were beheaded, it was said in some cases after being tortured; those of inferior station were hanged, all save boys under sixteen, who were sent to the galleys. The execution was carried out at Villafranca on August 1. The Spanish commander may perhaps be excused for following the precedent set at Smerwick; but the cruelty was deeply resented. in France, and all possibility of an aUiance with Spain was put out oi the question; so that the enterprise, though ending so disastrously, was of service to the Protestant interest. Among those who lost their lives in the battle was Count Vimioso, the socalled Constable of Portugal, who had been Don Antonio's right-hand man. He lived for a few days after the battle, and before his death made in the presence of Santa Cruz, and partly in reply to Questions by him, a declaration, a copy of which came into the hands of Br Hector Nunez, and was by him forwarded to Walsingham (No, 383). It does not reveal anything not otherwise known, and looks very like a document concocted with the object of implicating Henry I I I and his ®TLis is contrary to the reports that reached some of the Venetian • ambassadors (Yen, Cal. SFos. 100, 103), But the eyemtnesses' evidence is likely to be right.

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mother in the business,* For some reason the passages which most tend that way do not appear in the accompanying English version, made apparently by Nunez himself. The copy of the original that we have may be that enclosed in Cobham's of Nov. 4. The farce of the Anjou marriage continues, though in less lively style, to be performed throughout- the period embraced in this volume. Du Vray, one of Anjou's most trusted ministers (and a Protestant), had been sent to Paris by him immediately after his arrival in the Netherlands, to urge the king's consent to Elizabeth's conditions as to the method of defraying the cost of the enterprise; himself to pay half, Monsieur and the States (subsidised by the Queen) the balance- His brother appears to have added on his own account a request that the king would be security for the repayment by the States of their debts. This Henry quite refused to comply with; he is said indeed to have declined to meddle any further in the business, or allow troops to be levied. Such at least was Cobham's impression, after conversations with Pinart; though a different version, based, it would seem, on some gossip transmitted by the Queen of Navarre, reached the Low Countries. At any rate, du Vray returned about the middle of April. During his absence, Anjou himself had been e taking it very hardly that the entertainment of England waxes so cold towards him,' and complaining of the lack of ' special messages and tokens' from the Queen. The Queen's retort was a tu quoque, On May 13 Walsingham writes to Cobham: "Her Majesty understanding that du Vray, whom Monsieur had dispatched to the king to stay the impediments that delay the going forward of the marriage, was returned, and yet hearing nothing from Monsieur of the answer he had received, beg&a to take it in ill part that he should so long haw or three paragraphs of this ^GmiGBsion" "Venetian Calendar (No. 106).

appear in ibe

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delayed to acquaint her with the. matter, and therefore by her letters charged him withal; . letting him understand that this manner of dealing could not but proceed from some change of his good will and professed affection towards her, whereby the world would be drawn to conjecture that bis coining over did not tend so much to seek her person as to crave her money." This homethrust drew a prompt reply. Bacqneville came over with his master's protestation that the unfavourable nature of du Vray's tidings was his sole reason for not imparting them; that he. " remained the same way still," and "desired nothing more than that the marriage which he has so long and earnestly sought may be brought to pass"; with a request that in view of the small results which had followed the negotiations of the previous year, and his own personal prosecution of his suit, Cobham might be directed to give the king some definite assurance, . Thus far she was not prepared to go; personal dignity and fear of censorious tongues forbade what might seem like ' a kind of wooing of Monsieur.' But if the king should make any enquiry, the ambassador might reply as before, "that the impediment being taken away, her Majesty does not at present know of any other cause of delay in the matter of marriage." As was natural, the suspicions of the king and his mother were not wholly allayed by this repetition of what they had so often heard. This time they were ready with tit for tat. "Being informed thereof," writes Cobham a fortnight later—not without some trepidation as to how his report may be received—'*(they) have-said she does not deal sincerely, and did not love him, nor help him for any other respect but to serve against the Spanish king, and to be revenged." The eversanguine Mauvissidre still reported that the Queen 'seemed to be very forward'; but on June 7 Cobham is again, directed to convey her fear of being thought unduly so Again, on June 20, Walsingham urges the importance oi

PBEFAOE.

not allowing the matter to slumber. This whole dispatch (No. 101) is interesting. Walsingham is of opinion, in spite of the king's professions of readiness to do what was required of him—a report to that effect had as above mentioned been circulated when Bellievre was in the Low Countries, and had at once aroused Elizabeth's suspicions that it was merely a blind to conceal his real unwillingness to proceed—' that he mistrusts her meaning in the matter, and that makes him keep off.' But the secretary consoles himself with the thought that there was in France a strong desire for friendship with England, "which considering the terms we stand on both with. Spain and Scotland, I for my part find it very necessary we should make use of." In these words we have the key to all his foreign policy, including his efforts, if not to promote the marriage, at all events to keep the prospect ' of it open for so long- as was necessary, as an effective card in his hand. Things now began to look as if a French alliance might be achieved without a French marriage. On July 5 Cobham had audience of the king, who, to him at all events, professed an unabated desire that the marriage should take place. The ambassador recited the old formula as to the Queen's fear, perhaps revived by a recent request from Marchaumont for more money, lest 'she should be overburdened with the great charge of defraying the expenses for his brother's wars'; the king found' a similar difficulty on his side, and appealed to Cobham for a suggestion as to the solution of it. Cobham referred him to 'Monsieur and his best friends,' and the king, again affirming his desire to see the marriage accomplished, promised further consideration. His consideration seems to have resulted in fresh, assurances, given through Mattvissiere, of Ms willingness 'to discharge her Majesty of all charges of war, if. she will marry Monsieur/ To this a speedy answer is requested; and a memorandum by Burghley, dated July 28, shows wliat answer was to be advised. It is again

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ingeniously procrastinating. The new .offer is practically no advance on the terms agreed to by the Commissioners in the previous year, and embodied in the treaty. It must be remembered that the marriage, if once accomplished, will be irrevocable, while without some reasonable certainty that the existing conditions will be maintained, • there can, be no security for the performance of the promises on the king's side. It may cease to be to his own and hh brother's interest; he may be unable to continue to perform them Before definitely committing herself; it will be 'convenient' for the Queen to hear from Monsieur how he intends to proceed. A short note in Anjou's hand, addressed to Walsinghsm on August 22, expresses his continued devotion to the Queen's service, and his gratitude for the Secretary's good offices. On September 8 we find a definite and official declaration, signed and countersigned, in which the king undertakes—always in the event of the marriage taking place—not only to hold the Queen free from any expenses in connexion with the wars in Flanders, but to assist her with his forces in the event of any invasion arising from that cause; the latter clause to be reciprocal. This was probably accompanied by the dispatch which Cobham (No. 398)* says that Mauvissiere ••' would not show her Majesty, because there were some words with which she would not have been pleased,' Did the king allow his ambassador to hear a little of his real opinion of the whole business, which, as a note to the Preface of the last volume shows, he for one saw through clearly enough % The dispatch does not seem to have been delivered for some time yet, if, as can hardly be doubted, it is that to which Walsingham refers in one from himself to Cobham dated November 27; ° The date eonjecturally assigned in the Calendar to this undated fragment is probably some weeks too late. Cobham -would hardly have to wait till the middle of October to get information as to a document of the beginning of September. But it W evidently meant to be kept secret in France. . .

•

PREFACE.

or the delay in the reply may have been due to the usual desire to spin out time while inventing excuses for fresh procrastination. This time it takes the form of asking: Where then is the money to come from? Monsieur had none; the States had to rely on foreign assistance. If he was not to throw up the enterprise, the Queen would be forced to assist him after all. She could not see that the king's last declaration was any perceptible advance on what had long been agreed to. There is a further grievance; the king has allowed it to be given out there (that is, in the French Gourt) that he was ready 'to satisfy her wholly upon the difficulties arising upon this matter of marriage,' so that if it were broken off, 'all the dishonour seems now to light •altogether upon herself; whereas'—and so on, the old story that the sole obstacle was ' the bearing- the charges of Monsieur's wars.' Lastly, the unlucky ambassador receives a reprimand for having allowed it to be supposed in Paris that he did not ' incline to further the cause of the marriage'; and is directed to obtain a written statement of .the way in which his 'speeches' in the matter have been understood by the king. He is to write nothing in reply, if he can help i t ; if he does, it must be as his own private opinion. In an audience on December 9 Cobhatn faithfully delivered his message. With some ingenuity he endeavoured to suggest that while the kiug had allowed it to be announced that he had promised compliance with the Queen's demands 'for the purpose of advancing the marriage,' that is in plain words had at last .assented to the principle of 'alliance first, marriage afterwards,' he had now, presumably in his Declaration above-mentioned, reverted to his original terms, that of ' first let the marriage take place, and then I will enter into an alliance3'— and that, it may be noted, was to be a defensive alliance only. There was the further question, where the money was to come from. The king tried to stave off these

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questions with the usual profession of desire for the marriage and the need of consideration. The ambassador begged him to think of the awkward position in which the Qtieen was placed by these delays, and hinted that he had been too often dismissed without any ' resolution.' The king pleaded hindrances, and also that he had given answers, 'though not as the Queen would.' He had no more wish than she herself to burden his subjects with the costs of war. But he would answer shortly. The Queen Mother, to whom as usual Cobham next applied, 'began to make show of a cheerful countenance.' She too longed for the marriage above all things. To her he made the same complaint of one thing allowed to be given out and another actually promised; and put the same question as to Monsieur's resources. Catherine confined herself to an expression of satisfaction ' that ' the marriage was come to this ripeness,' and also promised consideration. Two days later Pinart called on Cobham. He first asked if the king and his mother had rightly remembered the purport of the ambassador's words; especially as to an alleged offer by the Queen of reciprocal aid against Spain. To this Cobham. replied that nothing had ever been said about that; and speaking more plainly than before, pointed out that, marriage or no marriage, an alliance of France and England against Spain was as clearly the right policy now as it had been in the days of Henry V I I I ; Mating pretty plainly that France had most to gain by it. Pinart 'seemed to be something moved'; but fell back on the lack of welcome given to the marriage project in England, and the difficulty of getting a straight answer from the Queen. To Cohham's request for a written statement of the impression produced by his negotiations, which might clear himself from the charge of liikewarmness in the matter, he made objections; but gave his personal testimony to the king's belief in the ambassador's 'zeal and inclination

PEBFAOB.

to the marriage.' On this occasion, and m a subsequent conversation five days later, Pinart seems to have suggested a way out of the deadlock. Was there not, he asked, some younger relative of the Queen's, some daughter of one' of the noblemen of her kindred, who might take her place as a possible bride for Monsieur? If, as they supposed, her main object was to avoid the succession of the Scottish king, this plan would do as well. The Mug, he added, finding how the matter had been procrastinated, was losing his personal interest in it. This suggestion, again, the ambassador obviously feels some nervousness in reporting. However, it is fairly clear that by this . time both sides were becoming aware that the farce was nearly played out. In a fragment of one of Burghley's elaborate memoranda (No. 545) which seems to belong to this, time, the situation in the event of the Queen's not marrying is considered. The consequences that might follow if the marriage should not take place—the likelihood that Monsieur, and with him the king, will be driven to alliance with Spain, the effect on relations with Scotland, the encouragement of rebels abroad and disaffected subjects at home—are plainly set forth. The document looks like a final effort on the Lord Treasurer's part to persuade the Queen to the marriage, which he had always favoured. It concludes, however, with a short indication of the only possible excuse for drawing back; the Queen's unwilling conviction that the step would be unpopular in England. Ho formal withdrawal from this engagement was ever announced, t u t after this year little more is heard of it. Another road to the alliance seems to have, suggested itself about this time. In a dispatch, dated December 13, Walsinghaxn refers to a request from the Queen Mother, sent by la Mothe, for the loan, hire, or purchase of twelve ships, 'to be employed in her quarrel for the title she pretends to the Crown of Portugal/ The Qtieen is willing to grant this on condition that if "the 15077

e

PEEFAOE. King of Spain picks any quarrel unto, her' on this account, the French king shall assist her against him. There is a cautious proviso that the ships, which were to be manned with English officers and crew, are not to be ' employed upon any place of the King of Spain's dominions of which he is possessed. as King of Castile'; that is, are to be strictly confined to operations in the newly-acquired Portuguese territories. But of this plan nothing seems to have come. A great scheme was being prosecuted in the spring and early summer of 1582 for a joint invasion of England and Scotland simultaneously. The Duke of Lennox was its promoter, and the Pope, the King of Spain, and the Guises were to share in the execution of it. The Jesuits Parsons, Oeighton, and Holt acted as reporters and messengers. Of this very little save an occasional allusion will be found in the papers. Parsons's name does not occur in the volume; and the only trace of the others is an anonymous letter (No. 286) apparently to Holt, intercepted and deciphered. Either Cobham was badly informed, or his dispatches have been lost.0 He must have had some information' of the conclave which, in the first half of May, met at the house of the nuncio Castelli, and was attended by the Duke of Guise, the Archbishop of Glasgow, Dr Allen, Fathers Parsons and Oeightont; where a plan of invasion was very fully discussed. Guise thought the enterprise had a good chance of success, and proposed to take command of the forces. Parsons produced, and the nuncio forwarded * la it possible that, on the accession of James? to the English throne, documents implicating him ana his mother in these conspiracies against his predecessor were destroyed? f See the nuncio's letter to the Cardinal of Como, in Kretsehmar, Vie Invadomprojekte dm- KatholUohen M'dchte gegm England, Appendix, Hog. 7 and 8, Mendoza knew all about it (Span. Cal. No, 268). With characteristic inaccuracy he makes 'Father Eobert' and Parsons - two separate people. Tassis knew of it from Parsons. Oreighton seems to hare been present, though Oaatelli does not mention Mm.

PBEFAGB.

to Rome, a long report on the condition of affairs in England, Oreighton drew up the like for Scotland, and took it to Rome himself. Both fathers were very sanguine. Nothing in these - papers indicates that Cobham had any information of all this, or was ever aware of the presence of Parsons and Allen at this time in -Paris. Not many days after the meeting above mentioned, he reports a visit from William Tresham, who complained of harsh treatment on the part of the Earl of Leicester; implying that this had been the .main cause of his leaving England and coming to Paris. He made professions of duty to the Queen and promised to remain in Paris till he heard from her and the Council. Cobham gave him some good advice and discussed the subject of Papal Supremacy; but otherwise confined himself to generalities. Was he aware that Tresham was in the thick of the plot, and was on the point of starting with Parsons for Spain to lay before the king the conclusions of the recent conference 1 Occasionally we find an indication of a wide-spread feeling of uneasiness, as though after the affairs of Jaureguy and Salcedo men scented assassination in the air. In an appeal for money, addressed, probably in June, by Marchaumont to Walsingham, the writer suggests that if the struggle in Flanders is allowed to drop, 'the Queen will in a very short time see the eggs of strange practices against her hatched out'; a phrase which looks as if he knew something of what was being meditated in France,.Spain, and Rome; where plots for the Queen's assassination were subsidiary to the wider scheme of an invasion. Herie has a word to say on this subject in a letter of August 12 from Antwerp. Writing a few days earlier to Burghley (Hatfield Gal. Ho. 1146), he speaks of a plot to kill her on a ! progress' in a connexion which looks as if he thought that this and Salcedo's aflkir were parts of one great scheme. If this were so, it might account for the great anxiety showft

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by the Guise faction to exculpate themselves from the charge of being privy to the latter. The time for showing their hand had not yet arrived, and discoveries of details relating to the lesser intrigue might lead to premature disclosure of the greater. Quite at the end of the year Cohham received from one Alard, a former official of the Court of Savoy, who professed 'to be able to discover the intentions intended against her Majesty/ a number of" ' pieces;' concerning these matters; which were duly sent over.** Of the Scottish side of all these matters we get a glimpse here and there, but hardly more. Guise's present of horses to the King of Scots is recorded, curiously enough, in a letter from Stokes at Bruges. It was evidently regarded as of serious import. Humours of preparations on the coast for an expedition to Scotland are pretty frequent during the period in which Don _ Antonio's fleet was being got together. English observers were uneasy at the assembling of so large a flotilla in a remote part of France. From a letter of Lemacon, one of Walsingham's occasional correspondents (No. 51), it would appear that some suspicion existed of an understanding between the Portuguese claimant and the Scottish queen. "Under the name of the King of Portugal is understood by those of the Religion the king of the League," writes John Dowes, who was observing events in Normandy for Walsingham. Even the levy of troops for Flanders, which was proceeding in Normandy during June, gave rise to a belief .among the Huguenots feat they were in Guise's pay, and intended to form part of the force for Scotland. The veteran sleuth hound, Captain Masino del Bene, through Ms kinsman the Abbe of the game name, who was to some extent in the confidence of the Guises^ contrived to hear of some "•It may be said here that No. 486 haa been dated too early. It does not belong to 1582 at all, being obviously: later than No. 588, written on December gl. It may be of Jamtary, 1583.

fragments of their operations, which he passed on, with caution, to Cobham. The Abbe had a benefice at Bu, where the Guises were powerful; and the Duke proposed to. borrow what Cobhani calls, his ' abbey,' presumably his residence there, as a convenient place for lodging an emissary of the English or the Scotch Papists. The Duke's messenger who brought this proposal is called by Cobham ' Guillielmus' and said by him to have been 'the schoolmaster who lent his chamber to him that shot at the Admiral in Paris,' that is to Mam-evel.® A little later Cobham hears ' that one Sandy Bogge, brother to the Scottish king's chief porter,' is about to start from 'Newhaven' with letters from Guise, Archbishop Beaton, and d'JEntragues, brother-in-law to Lennox. Ships carrying powder and .artillery were reported to havesailed from Dieppe and Treport, under Guise's own eye. Of this last step the English Government was speedily informed; and in a dispatch dated June 7 Walsingham directs Cobham to complain of it to the king. Some of the powder was even said to have come out of the royal stores. The shipment of ' munition' to Scotland was a form of trade that must be looked on with suspicion. No mystery seems to have been made over the matter; Herle at Antwerp knew all about it. On .June 13 Cobham seems to have awakened to the suspicion that Guise's operations, which, as has been seen, were not secret, pointed to the fact that some practice was being 'trained' in Scotland, On July 5, being with the king, he brought up the matter of the powder, and reeeiyed answer that, as was possibly true, the king knew nothing about it. Henry was pretty certainly not in the Guises' counsels. Towards the end of July the Scottish affair advanced a further step. Cobham, on August 1, had heard from ° The annotate* (Duohat) of l'Estoile calls this peiBonage Villemitf and skies that he had been prMpteur fc> the Dnke of 0nise» (Journal de Pierre Vfl&oiUe,- Amsterdam, 1744, t»l. I , p. SI.)

.PEEFAQE.

Lord Hamilton how Guise and the rest 'who manage the Scottish practices/ had sent to the Scottish king advice to imprison, and if possible put to death, 'with expedition,' the Earl of Lindsay and other Lords 'who are chief favourers of the Religion,' and ' inclined to the Queen.' The pretext was to be that which had been found to answer in the case of Morton, complicity in the murder of 'David the Italian.' Lindsay, it was noteds had 'used very stout speeches with the Duke of Lennox in the king's presence.' Some of the lords in question took the matter into their own hands. Before the Jesuits' scheme of abducting the king (referred to by Father Holt's anonymous correspondent, the writer of No. 288, as viewed with disapproval in Spain) could take effect, the lords who were opposed to Lennox had secured the king's person by the coitp known as the ' Raid of Ruthyen.' This event, which occurred on August 22, is referred to by Walsingham in a dispatch to Oobham, dated August 31. Unfortunately ' the enclosed,' in which the particulars were given, is not among the papers. The Secretary, writing in his usual measured style, is evidently very sanguine as to the result. 'The duke (Lennox) is not like to find any great party in this nation; for both he and Arran are so generally hated in Scotland that few will venture to take their part.' The news tooklonger to reach Paris, or was kept secret there. Cobham's letters of September 4 do not refer to it. On the 11th we find him writing of 'much speech delivered forth in the Court that d'Aubigny and James Stewart (Arran) have been apprehended by the rest of the nobility.' Walsingham's anticipations were correct. Lennox shut himself up in Dumbarton Castle, and held it and afterwards Rothesay for a time; but he had few friends, and his power was gone; though nearly two months later we hear that the confederates in Paris still cherished hopes of its revival. 'The nuncio declared to a party of quality,' writes Cobham on October 17, 'that d'Aubigny was in

a very strong castle with intention not to depart out of Scotland as long as any hope of relief remained, having besides a good party in the realm.' He did not indeed leave Scotland till the end of the year; but the party did not show fight, and James ceased for a time to dally with his French Jdnsfolk. Elizabeth sent Sir George Carey and Mr Eobert Bowes to maintain him in his good resolutions. The news of the Raid was at once imparted to Mauvissiere; who, being no friend to the Guises- seems to have taken it very philosophically. The letter in which he acknowledges the receipt of the news is in his best and most paternal style, <M. de Lennox will still be M. d'Aubigny in France, and cousin to the Prince of Scotland'; who, I hope—(if a paraphrase may be allowed):—will be a good boy, and mind what he is told. The usual compliments to her Majesty 0 follow. The success of the Baid of Kuthven excited great wrath among the conspirators in Paris. Fentre, the Bishop of Glasgow's nephew and confidant, is reported by Cobham to have charged the Queen with having been at the bottom of it, and to have expressed his confidence that 'those noblemen who have shown themselves enemies to d'Aubigny will have the like payment that Morton had/ At Court the matter was taken more phlegmatically. Somewhere about October 1, Cobham, in an interview with the Queen Mother, spoke of d'Aubigny's unpopularity in Scotland, even hinting that the huntingparty which was the occasion for the detainment of the king, had been planned by James himself as a means of escape from the overbearing favourite, and that he is somewhat curious that not long before this "we find Mendoza reposing (Span. Cal. No, 253) a coarse netefc as made by Matmssi&ee to the Queen on the subject of her marriage: totally inconsistent both with the opinion of her expressed long afterwards in his Memoirs and with his general character as a courteous gentleman; a character hardly conceivable by the arrogant Spanish Hidalgo.

PREFACE,

had been to all intents and purposes as much d'Aubigny's prisoner as afterwards the insurgent lords'; and referred to the Queen's prompt dispatch of Carey and Bowes to see that all was right with him. Catherine (her words, as rendered by Cobham, have now a slightly ambiguous ring) 'doubted not but her Majesty would do for him,' and owned that d'Aubigny's own actions had not been of a kind to render his long tenure of authority very probable. The king and his mother, however, though doubtless not ill-satisfied to see the collapse of the Guisian schemes,' with the consequent check to Spain and Rome, could not look with unconcern at the relaxation of the ancient bond between France and Scotland, or the conversion of the latter country into a dependency of England. Elizabeth was already beginning to play a forward game. In a dispatch of September 26 Cobham is directed to say that the Scottish queen's correspondence must no longer be allowed to pass through the hands of the Erench ambassador; who it is hinted 'has been dealing in causes, not appertaining to his charge.' In future all such correspondence was to pass through Cobham's hands, not Mauvissiere's. This message was duly delivered in an audience ' on October;.. 18. The king, with some reason urged that the French ambassador -was the proper conduit for letters passing between a queen-dowager of. France and' the present occupant of the throne, as well as for her business correspondence; nor could he be indifferent to , the ' course of aflairs in Scotland. Cobham, went to the root of the matter, by saying that a good' deal besides family and- business correspondence had passed, some of which had ccjme "perhaps to the sight of her Majesty.' The king tried to. turn, the conversation to the recent doings in Scotland. Cobham threw the blame of them on d'Aubigny, and the king did not disagree. The ambassador then brought him back to the point of the

PREFACE. transmission of Mary's letters, and was as usual referred to the Queen Mother; to whom he played the favourite card of the Queen's kindness to the ' Duke of Brabant.' She however took the same line as her son; insisting that their ambassador was the proper person to deliver their letters. Like him, too, she believed, or affected to believe, that the ambassador was incapable of mixing himself up with underhand practices. 'So,' observes Cobham, 'it seems that their Majesties remain as yet coy and imwilliug to gratify her Majesty,' What they did was to send an embassy on their own account to Scotland. The Scotch faction were the &st to urge this step. Some days before Cobham's audience just mentioned-, he writes that they had been much pressing the Queen Mother to send someone to 'deal' in favour of d'Aubigny. Their selection was M. de Mayneville ('Manningvil,' as Oobham, Bowes, and, other Englishmen called him},*1 a Norman gentleman of good family, and devoted to the Guises and the League, The king declined to sanction either the object or the messenger, 'not consenting to intermeddle so openly in the affairs of Scotland, to the discontentment of her Majesty/ His choice fell on the veteran la Mothe-Fenelon, always persona grata at the English Court, and by no means an adherent of the League, His commission was already made out when Oobham visited Mm in the course of the week after his audience; and when he returned the call a day or two later, having in the meantime seen the king, he gave the ambassador some details in regard to it. At his own request he was to pass through England, instead of going, as seems to have been the king's first notion, by sea to Scotland, Part of his business was to be 'the restoring of the realm of Scotland to peaceable state'; to achieve which end, as Oobham heard otherhow, he was to take plenty of money. He was also . » See last volume, Preface, p. xlrv.

to use his influence with the Scottish nohility to procure the king's release. Masino del Bene, after a conversation with the Queen Mother, was inclined to think, rightly, as it appears later, that the subject of the alliance was also included in his instructions. The Guise party, however, were not disposed to look on while Henry, their covert foe, and Elizabeth, their declared antagonist, settled between them the affairs of Scotland; and they procured the dispatch of MayaeviUe as a colleague to la Mothe. He went, it would seem, with similar credentials; how far his instructions were the same does not appear. So far as those he had from the king, in regard to Scotland at any rate* were concerned, there was probably little difference; a remark of Pinart's, in conversation with Cobham, seems to imply as much. But all the evidence goes to show that he was primarily the Guises' envoy; and it is clear that the king dispatched him with reluctance. He was to go by seaj but it was some time before he got off. Pinarfc thought that the cause of his delay was his fear of falling into the hands of Huguenot cruisers, who would have had sundry accounts to settle with him. The Secretary appears to have spoken somewhat derisively of his hesitation in starting. La Mothe, on the other hand, lost no time. On November 18, Mauvissiere writes to Walsingham that he had been recalled from a visit to Pallavicino, in company with Marchaumont and Bacqrueville (doubtless to discuss Anjou's finances) by the news that the envoy had arrived a day before he was expected, and was already at his> the writer's, lodgings. On December 12, WaMngham sent Cobham some information with regard to what had up till then passed between la Mothe and the Queen. As regarded the permission to go on to Scotland, her attitude was very , characteristic. She did not see how to refuse the king's request; yet might not the mere presence of a French envoy in Scotland revive the troubles, 'now, thank

PREFACE. .

xli

God, well appeased.' D'Aubigny had been giving ont that he expected support from France, a hope which a messenger from the king was looked for to confirm; a ' gentleman' (whom we can hardly be wrong in assuming to be Mayneville) was reported to have embarked in Holland,** bringing to Lennox letters from the king, the Duke of Guise, and the Duke of Joyense (who is here first mentioned in connexion with these aflkirs). The * gentleman' had indeed returned to France, on a premature report that d'Aubigny had already - left Scotland; but the Queen showed la Mothe privately a letter from the Queen of Scots, forming, as it would seem, part of a correspondence with the Archbishop of Glasgow touching the projected invasion. For these reasons it seemed likely that la Mothe's arrival might kindle suspicion among the. anti-Lennox party in Scotland. She asked him to consider this; and even 'prayed the king not to interpret the deferring of giving leave . . . . as a denial of his request.' Then after all^ with a gush of confidence in the king's ' sound, honourable and friendly meaning towards her/ she concedes the point, The marriage-and-alliance problem was also discussed, as has been already mentioned; and something was done, it does not appear what, to settle the question of piracies. The ambassador started from London about the end of the year, and arrived at Edinburgh on January 7. With him went (though the fact is not disclosed in these papers) the trusty and cautious Mr. William Davison. From what is obviously a fragment of his instructionsf **This is lather curious. If, as can hardly be doubted, Mayneville was the * gentleman' in question, it looks as if he had originally tried to sail from Holland, in the belief that a Dutch bottom was a more secure means of transport if Huguenot cruisers were about. He seems ultimately to have sailed from Calais on Jan. 9, leaching Edinburgh on the 20th. t The editor has to apologise for the oversight by which this fragment, scribbled on the back of the draft of one of 'Walsingham's dispatches to Cobham, was hastily assumed to belong to a very different document.

x]ii

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(end of "No. 510) it appears, that a promise had been extracted from la Mothe 'to hold no conference with any nobleman or person of quality' in Scotland, touching the affairs of that country, save in Davison's presence ; and Davison was charged not to let him forget it. Among the notices of affairs less directly affecting English interests, the most interesting and most copious are those relating to Geneva, and the incessant efforts of the Duke of Savoy to get that city into his hands. The suppression of Geneva as a bulwark of Protestantism was no doubt part of the same great scheme to which the, plans for the invasion of England and Scotland and the assassination of Elizabeth owed their inception; but different personal interests and ambitions were involved in it. Though. an independent republic, Geneva was regarded as a part of the territory of Savoy; 'the chief place of Savoy,' says the anonymous writer of the very interesting account of the place to be found in the present volume (No. 73).® He adds; 'As London is the principal place in England, so is Geneva in Savoy.' A rumour seems to have got about and to have been widely credited + that the duke was at the time actually besieging Geneva. This the writer very wisely discredits; pointing out the impracticability of such an enterprise, in view of the fact that the lake would always offer an easy way of approach for a counter-attack from the side of Berne. He goes on to point out the importance of Geneva in the event of an attack by the united Catholic Powers upon England, from its situation close to the easiest route for troops 8

To any one well acquainted with, the minuter .history and ftrehseology of Geneva the identification of the writer of this interesting paper ought not to present a difficult problem. He was an Italian, on dining terms with. Walsingham, had been for many years a citiz&n of Geneva, and shared in the government; and was. architect enough ta have furnished plans for the High School oi the city. Apparently he was now domiciled in England. i See Spanish Calendar, Ho.. 277,

PBEFACE.

marching from Italy to the Low Countries. The report of a siege, he further suggests, has been spread as a colourable excuse for sending them so far on the way. The writer ends by suggesting a German alliance. The Genevese, however, had cause for alarm. The duke was infesting the neighbourhood with armed bands, and was reported to have * intelligences' within the walls. The plot, it. was said, had failed only through the confession of some of the traitors. Writing from Strasburg on June 4, Monteith tells Fremyn that the Swiss, assembled in Diet at Baden, had sent a peremptory demand for the withdrawal of these. He, too, believes that the Pope and the King of Spain are concerned. In Antwerp it seems to have been reported that the French king was taking part in tha alleged design; and the feeling that all Protestants throughout Europe were linked by a common danger is well illustrated by a remark which Herle (No. 85) quotes as being made on this subject by one of the magistrates of Antwerp. The interest taken in Genevese affairs is also shown by the various quarters from which reference to them is made. John Dowes at Rouen hears that the duke has been beaten off, and that the Bernese have reoccupied the bailiwicks in the Chablais and Gex, which they had restored to Emmanuel Philibert in 1564. A few days later YilKers, writing from Antwerp, reports a levy of landskuechts for the king of Spain in Tirol, of whom it is thought that iihe duke, while disavowing any design against Geneva, will avail himself against the Swiss; doubtless by the way of a demonstration on the frontier of the Grisons. Meanwhile those: who believed, either in hope or fear, that the King of France was going to render help to an attack on Geneva, were equally at fault. Walsingham wrote to Masino del Bane for information, and learnt from him that whereas, at a meeting of the Catholic Cantons held, at Lucerne under the auspices of Colonel Ludwig

PEERAGE.

Pfyffer, it had been resolved (not without the persuasion of Spanish gold) to send aid to the duke, at the subsequent Diet of all the Cantons held at Baden, the representations of the king's ambassador Hautefort had brought the Catholic Cantons into agreement with the rest; a statement confirmed by a remark of Cobham's, written a few days later. In addition, the king is said to have written to Pfyffer in terms which left no doubt of his own attitude in the controversy. Masino states Ms own conviction of the king's sincerity in his professions; and indeed Henry could hardly have wished to see Spanish influence predominant at Geneva. ' The others,' adds Masino, meaning of course the adherents of the Catholic confederacy, 'are fuming with rage at seeing that, contrary to what they thought, we are about to ally ourselves more closely than, ever with the Swiss/ An incidental result of the alarm about Geneva was ihe detention at home of a force of Swiss who were expected to join Anjou's army in the Low Countries. The duke did not, however, give up the hope of support from the French king, A party at the French Court favoured his scheme; among them being the Duke of Eetz, who was reported not only to have assured the duke of the king's countenance, but to have induced the Queen Mother to write him 'favourable letters' (No. 209). In July his envoy, M. de Chatillon,* brought a message from him to the French Court, in which he claimed, Geneva as part of his domain, and asked for help to reduce it. The king, as usual when pressed with a point-blank demand, 'meant to deliberate.' It seems to have been the general opinion that he would wait to see what other princes would do; but del Bene was probably right in thinking that Ms mind • Again an apology is due for an oversight in the Index. . This M. fie Oh&tiU<m has of course nothing to do with Guy de Gh&tilloa, Sietur de Coligny, the Hugnenot leader, with •whom he has been there entered. This one doubtless took his appellation from Gfa&tUlpn m "V$l Tpttwanohe, near Aosta,

PREFACE.

was made up. Nor did the duke relinquish' his enterprise. French gentlemen were employed to go into Geneva, to see the position of things • and in a letter from Lyons of July 18 we learn that ' the Duke of Savoy's forces increase daily.' About the beginning of July he made plans for an escalade, but the plot was discovered, and the fact of its discovery was made known to the duke; who thereupon countermanded the attempt. The Cantons on July 10 sent an ultimatum, and demanded back the four bailiwicks on the ground that the duke's action had infringed the treaty xvnder which they had been restored to his father. By the beginning of August the negotiations were completed by Hautefort and Mandelot. The Swiss received a subsidy of 140,000 crowns; the Five Cantons withdrew from the drtke's alliance. ' It is held,' writes Sassetti on August 6, 'that the duke is asorry for the advice taken from the Catholic King, from the Pope, and from his ministers.' Henry recalled- all the French who were serving in his army; while Chatillon-Coligny led a strong Huguenot force in the direction of Geneva, and Merle, with 200 men, entered the city. Yielding to these persuasions, the duke, as Cobham reports under the date of September 11, withdrew his forces. By the 15th a writer from Paris is able to announce that the socalled ' siege' is raised. Geneva had rest for some years, and the duke ' made advances for the hand of the Princess of Navarre, in which, however, he met with as little success as in * the enterprise of Geneva,' Hautefort and Mandelot returned, leaving Fleury to represent the king in a preliminary discussion at Fribourg; while the points at issue were left to be 'treated on' in the nest Baden Diet. Towards the end of the year the Swiss Cantons sent a strong embassy to Paris. The names of its members are given in Ho, 519, and it will be seen that not only Catholics and Protestants alike were represented—the redoubtable Ludwig

PREFACE.

Pfyffer, called by his admirers 'the Swiss king,' heads the list—but also the allied republics of Graubiinden and Yalais. They arrived in Paris on. November 28, and on Sunday, December 2, attended Mass at Notre Dame; where the league between Switzerland and France was confirmed by oaths on either side. The relics of St. Genevieve were carried in procession, fireworks were • let off, and salvos of artillery were fired in the Place de Greve. All the nobility, including the Duke of Guise, vied in entertaining the new allies, whose friendship, says Cobham, was held of great value to France. It was certainly a triumph for French policy over Spanish. The question of demanding an indemnity from the Duke of. Savoy for the trouble and expense that he had caused came under discussion. Here the Guises took the part of the duke; and the king used his persuasions—it would seem not very ^effectively—to bring about an agreement. On the 12th the ambassadors left Paris. • Of the controversy with the Hanse Towns little appears in the present volume. The matter came before the Imperial Diet at Augsburg, whither, in June, George Gilpin went, to set forth the case of the Merchants Adventurers, His letters, forwarded through his deputy Longston, are unfortunately missing; while other correspondents content themselves with referring to his reports. In the opinion of the English, he was not treated with the consideration due to his position. He returned to Antwerp in October, bearing the Emperor's letters to the Queen; from what Longston says (No. 427) the tenour of these was not wholly satisfactory. It was thought that after the 'Princes/ having got through the most important function of the Diet, the granting of supplies to the Emperor, had gone home—the Elector of Saxony went on August 5—the conduct of business had got into the hands of persons, of an inferior rank, the deputies; who (doubts lew being largely themselves of the trading class) lent a

PREFACE. ready ear to the complaints of English 'monopoly' put forward by the Hanse Towns. There would seem reason to suppose, too, that even here the influence of Rome and Spain made itself felt in hostility to England. Much interest seems to have been taken generally in the proceedings of this Diet. Oobham's letters contain frequent notices of it. Important issues were pending in sundry parts of Europe, Besides the perennial question of the Turk, there were affairs of the Low Countries, for the consideration of which a committee of four Princes and four bishops was appointed, there was the matter of the Elector of Cologne and his marriage ; also that of Lutheran canons in cathedral chapters. Du PlessisMornay went, to watch the proceedings on behalf of Henry of Navarre and the French Protestants, OKlpio, in addition to his main subject of negotiation, had to plead the cause of Daniel Bogers, who was still in captivity. The Emperor ordered his release; but the Imperial Vice-Chancellor professed inability to identify the proper overlord through whom the order ought, in due feudal course, to pass to the Baron of Anholt, by whom Rogers was detained. When this was ascertained, it would appear that a fresh difficulty arose; for in September we find the Duke of Cleves writing apologetically to the Queen that the Imperial order has reached him, and been passed on to his Council, but that that body had found it necessary to deliberate, it would appear at some length, before taking action. At any rate, Rogers was still in confinement at the end of the year: though his position was improved by the capture of Martin Schenk by the Swiss Baron of Hohensax,* and the death of the Baron of Anholt in action before Lochem. * This nobleman's name has undergoae a good deal at the hands of those who had occasion to mention, it. (Hofsacks' (No. 157) ana *Hoghsare * (No, 369) are two of the iosms which it takes. 15077

•

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d

• PBEFACE.

Perhaps no event of the year has exercised such a lasting influence as the 'Change of Style/ or reform of the Julian Calendar. Dante, writing more than 250 years before, had called attention to the gradual displacement of the seasons resulting from the neglected fraction; it was reserved for Gregory X I I I to grapple with the problem of bringing them once more into accord wititi the Calendar. Roman Catholic nations accepted the reform at once; and in the Low Countries the Duke of Anjou. secured its adoption; though not withotit a good deal of grumbling, even on the part of the Papists, an amusing account of which, written from Brussels, will be found in No. 534, England, to the discomfort of historical researchers, stood out for nearly two centuries. The Greek Church, as. all know, is still uncompromising. At first some English correspondents abroad seem to have done as those about them didj and dated their letters ' stilo now' \ but this un-English practice was quickly stopped by peremptory orders from home. The first' letter in this collection in which the new style is used is No. 513, written by Pietro Bizarri from Antwerp on the day of the change as made there; namely December 15, which day was, evidently to the old scholar's regret;, being kept as Christmas Day. Elsewhere, as at Bruges, the jump seems to have been made from December 22 to January 2, whereby, as Stokes remarks. 'they have lost Christmas Day here for this year.' Masino del Bene, writing from Paris on December # , makes no remark on the loss of the ten days out of his Hfe—an objection which does not seem to have occurred to those who were contemporaries of the change. Mendoza, as might be expected of so stout a Catholic champion, loses no time in dating a letter to Walsingham {No, 521) in accordance with the Papal decree. The Queen of Navarre, who, as recorded in the last volume, had been brought by her mother towards Paris, after the interview between Catherine and her son-in-law

PBEFiOE. at Saint-Maixent, was received by -the king on. April 28 at Fontainebleau with every show of goodwill. In spite of this, Cobham's prediction. that she would • not remain at the Court without some 'overthwart' was not long in fulfilment. One of her ladies, Mme de Duras, bad already been insulted by having a bottle of ink thrown at her, at SainfcMaixent; it was said, by the 'procurement' of Clermont d' Amboise, a relation of the late Bussy, and it would seem, though a Huguenot, of a similar turbulent disposition. This caused disorder from the first; Epernon, one of the queen's admirers, seeking to avenge the affront. Then Margaret had brought with her Mllo. de Fosseux-Montmorency, who had recently bo3'ne a child to her husband. The king, with a regard for decorum possibly genuine, though somewhat unexpected in that Court, objected to the presence among his wife's ladies of a person with a reputation so tainted, and ' Fosseux' as she was so familiarly called, was dismissed. Hereupon the King of Navarre wrote an angry letter, to which the king and his mother replied, Cobham says, * with very amiable letters'; though Catherine's, at least, was couched in terms of pretty strong reproof,—couched in a highly moral strain,* In August Margaret settled in Cardinal Birague's house; continuing to be to all. appearance on excellent terms with her brother, who wrote to her from Lyons, making her the channel for information which he wished to have spread at the Court. She also stood godmother to a son of the Duke of Guise. She remained at the Court all the year; but the notices of her doings are few. Early in November Cobham. writes that she had 'gtown into unkindness' with Monsieur, and was out of health. Later in the same month she was 'labouring' a visit from her husband Lettres de Catlmr-bu de MMiew, Voi viii, p . B6. Hot the least curious iihiBg about tins vety curious letter, Is tlie way in •which, the wdter refuses to allow her own faasiamd's infidelities to be quoted as pceeecle&ts for those of her so

1

PEEFACE.

to the Court; with what motive is not very clear. She remained till the following August, when the rupture between her and the king became complete, and she was sent back, not without a gross affront to her husband.* Among miscellaneous matters of interest may be noted a reference by Walsingham in his dispatch of December 14 to a report that a Council was to be established in Prance for enforcing the Decrees of the Council of Trent, and introducing the Inquisition. As a matter of fact, the idea, if—which hardly seems probable— the king ever entertained it, did not bear fruit; and the rumour, if not the invention of some zealous Papists, may have been only a belated echo of the conference on the subject which had taken place in the previous May. Or again, it may have been a straw to show the drift of the wind, If so, Walsingham's words, which doubtless reached the king, must have shewn him how any suggestions of the kind would be received in England, as contrary to the king's ostensible policy both at home and in the Low Countries, and his professions of unity with England in particular. One or two touches of manners and character may be noted. When Cobham observes, at the time when Marshal Biron was first spoken of as likely to be employed in Monsieur's service, that "he is not thought to be the fittest person, because he is a man of so great expenses and overviolent in his actions," the famous soldier becomes alive to us. A pleasing little glimpse into the domestic life of the great is afforded when Walsingham mentions how ail opportunity for a letter has been offered by the bearer "being sent by my Lord Chamberlain to conduct his dwarf over." For what purpose my Lord Chamberlain's dwarf was visiting France is not stated. May we imagine some kind of competition ? >. - * Margaret's own Memoirs unluckily break off just when she is starting for the Court.

PREFACE.

11

A letter from Cobham at the end of the year (No, 552) presents several points of interest. It relates to purchases on Walsiagham's behalf, of some costly presents, such the courtiers of the time were used to make, more especially to the Queen, to whom we can hardly doubt, the 'fair bracelets,' and the glass 'of crystal, very fairly set in gold, with many small diamonds, rubies and little agates,' and the agafee back, engraved with the palace of peace, would find their way. In a letter (No. 333) written apparently by a German in Paris to another in London, we have a passing mention of a famous man, Henry ' Stephens/ the" great .printer and scholar; who seems to have been at that time on Ms way to Augsburg. The only person of any note who passes out of the story in this volume is Mr. Henry Knollys, the son of the Treasurer of the Household. To French and Spaniards he was well known as a daring pirate. Latterly he had regularised the business by some show of serving Don Antonio, but had got into "trouble with the French ambassador over the capture of a Breton ship—his own account of the affair will be found in No, 280—and had found it expedient to retire to the Netherlands. Here he seems to have attached himself to Norris, with whom , he was present at the siege of Lochem, and to have endeavoured to allay the frietion which seems to have been chronic between that masterful officer and his subordinates. Another letter from him (No. S94) gives a very cleaa: and picturesque account of the state ^ of things in the Low Countries, and makes us tegret ihat more of his have not been preserved. Towards the end of November we learn from a letter ol Thomas Doyley that he was sxifeing from 'melancholy/ tot wMeh the writer, who may perhaps have been the medical officer on Harris's staff, was treating M a A fortnight later, &e same writer thinks his illness m t dangerous to life, but likely to be tedious. However, writing on December 21, 0 % i n ateposte his Aeath, in

Ill

PREFACE.

terms which show that he had a warm friend and admirer in the grave merchant-diplomatist; and that he must himself have been in private life a serious and religious man—a character doubtless at that time compatible with a good deal of what we should now call lawless adventure. In regard to language, we - note that ' Dutch' is beginning to indicate more especially the inhabitants of the northern Netherlands ; having hitherto been applied equally to High and Low. A man 'does not agree with the air'; not, as nowf the air with him. To * defend oux goal' (No. 236) has quite a modern ring: No instance of the metaphor in this form is given for so early a date in the N.E.B. ' Anoid' in the sense of 'cause to lesox their ground' occurs in a letter of Heole's, In a translation of the subjects of discussion at the Augsburg Diet, we find 'reduced' meaning 'restored,' and 'ChamberJustice' as a rendering of ' Kammesgericht/ In one of Henry Knollys's letters to Walsingham he writes: " The enemy, by the occasion of report of great supplies, is grown greatly 'indread'"; where the context shows that the phrase must mean 'an object of fear.' Thomas Doyley complains of all places of credit in the camp being allotted to 'champignons' in respect of his (Norris's) experience. Another unusual form used by Knollys is 'twitch' for 'touch.' It is not quite clear what the same writer means when, speaking of Norris's enforced supperparty, he says: " H e might very ill [probably a slip for 'well'] have been spared such a 'flease.'" If 'fleece' is meant, this sense does not appear in the N.E.D. Yet this seems more probable than 'fleech'*=' flattery/ The form 'Whitsunday week/ which occurs in No. 114, is another bit of evidence, if one Were needed, against the fanciful association, once popular, of. • * WMtsun * with 'Pfingoten/ No. 353, the account of Strozzi's battle, offers some interesting specimens of French nautical terms. Whether I have in all cases got the correct English I. am not quite certain.

BKEFACE.

liii

The Index has, as in the last two volumes, been prepared by nay daughter, Miss G. E. Butler. That there are rather too many errata in it, must be set down to the editor's absence from England during a critical period of its preparation. A. J. B.

(Iiv )

EEEATA. p. 62> 1. 18, dele [?] p. 136,1. 15 from bottom, for officer read officers ibid, 1.10 from bottom, for Parnier read Gamier p. 165,1. 16, for Beligious read religions p. 189,1.12 from bottom, for MatpensierVeai Montpensier p, 199,1. 4, for confer read confess p. 202,L 21, for Franceso read Francesco p. 217, 1. 14 from bottom, for whence read whom p. 222, laat line, for hither read thither p. 296,1.11, dele (?) p. 304,1. 11 from bottom, after VIII inuri 35 ibid. 1. 10 from bottom, for Lobetus read Lobetius p. 311,1. 11, for VII read VIII p. SI9,1.12, for eastle read castles p. 834, 1. 20, for Mercsetuc read Mercosur p, 848,1. 3 from bottom, for Chafcaigueraye ra«2 Chatalgneraye p, 849,1. 21 from bottom, for guoultir read guoulter p. 428, second column, L 11, for Hoerden read Hoesden p. 432,1.19 from bottom, for these read there p. 488, 1. 18, for assured read accused p. 446,1. 12 from bottom,^?' Haly read Italy p. 510, 11. 19-17 from bottom, dele all from appear to August, and read to form part of Davison's instructions p. 521, L 24, dele (?) p. 532,1. 18 from bottom, dele comma after est p. 577, second column, I. 20 from bottom, for 81 read 82 p. 580, first column, 1. 4 from bottom, for 470 read 472 p. 586,1. 6 from bottom, add 'Hoghsare,' 366 p. 598, second column, 11. 86, 87, for Notre-Dame read .SainteChapelle p. 617, second column, L 15, for chosen by Queen Mother read suggested by Scottish faction p. 620, first column, 1. 27, for hinder read murder p. 621, second column, 1. 9 from bottom, for (p, 81) read p. 82. p, 628, first column, 1. 8, for 29 read 99 p. 630, first column, 1.11 from bottom, for Walsingham read Cobhara ibid, 1. 10 from bottom, read Tresam (Tre&ham) Sir Thomaa

FOREIGN PAPERS ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582. A.D. 1582. May 1.

1.

HOEAIIO PAILAVICINO to LAWEENOE TOMSON.

I see no objection to leaving the warrant in its present form, and dating it the day her Majesty signs it; and the same with the obligations, in which the day of signature does not matter at all, provided it be before the last day of December next. As for last year, for the interest,, on which her Majesty owes 394Z. 17s. Id., it seems .to me that the shortest way will be to make out a special warrant with the Queen's order for the prompt payment ol that sum, declaring on what it arises. I think it might be done in this way, but refer to your better judgement, since you know more about that than any member of the Council whatever. If you approve, or however else you decide, please get them written quickly, that they may be laid before her Majesty this week.—From any house, 1 May 1582. Add, May

1.

2.

EruU. Ital.

I p.

[Holl, and M. XVL 1.]

MAUVISSIEBB to WALSHTOHAW.

You sent me lately a little packet from the Queen of Scots, and a letter which she wrote me solely to thank, the Queen her good sister for having granted her the principal points of her requests in the memorial handed to Mr Beale. She also begs me veiy,earnestly to thank you from her for your kind and favourable intercession to her Majesty; whose good sister the queen tells me she wishes io be, and make herself in future so agreeable in all her actions that she will never have any dissatisfaction. The letter contains nothing but politenesses and many thanks, with a request that she aaay at once have the doctors to attend to her health; and soon afterwards, say a month from now, permission to go to the Baths of Buxttm, in which she says she has placed her last hope of preservation. Meanwhile I have sent in search of M. da Ruigsseau, one of her counsellors, that he may go to her, on the hope you gave lane that no difficulty would be made about his passing* &a respect ol sending M. Han to Scotland, and with him, if possible, Mr Bsale, to treat ite© equally of the matter in question, she will await any decision whieh the Queea may tafee thereon. On this point I w t t l l tell you that the last time I spoke to har Mnjeaty aboutfcfaeQusen of Scots, she gave me on all matters a better and more * Wt, 1807?. 40a

M.

A

FOEEIGN PAPBES. reply than she.had ever done; and I feel sure that if she is e n g a g e d by you in thi S good opinion the Queen of Scot., m g • be. assured of her good graces. I sha1 be able to a*iswei her tomorrow, and will send you the packet, if you willJnndly send me by this "bearer the names of the doctors, and if they can set out within three or four days, as the queen desires, so as to employ all the month of May on her health.—London, 1 May 158A Add. May 1.

3.

En
2 pp.

[France VII. 66.]

QUEEN.

That which is the part of a faithful subject to let your Majesty know whatever may be profitable to yourself and your realm, I thought I must not neglect.' During these two years then m which -I have been about the French king's Court, on terms of friendship and intimacy with his ministers, I have noticed that this queen receives frequent information from Piero Capponi, a Florentine, on matters relating not only to the government of your kingdom, hut to yourself. Capponi is very familiar with the queen, so that gilts often pass on both" sides; and so it happens that not only all business, but your secret counsels are disclosed, and -things are handled, which if care be not taken, may bring some very great hazard to you. This I learnt from a friend of mine, whose business it is to decipher letters. I beg that you will take this my care in good part, and not be surprised that this time I have not used the English language, nor signed my name; for ii anything ever got out I could stay no longer in these parts without great risk to my hie. Meanwhile, see that the little token {symhofami) I send is carefully preserved; so that when I soon return and bring its counterpart, you may know me'by it, and understand that I am one who is most anxious for your 'safety and the freedom from harm of the whole realm.—Paris, 1 May. 1582. Add. in Italian. May 3.

4.

Lat.

1 p.

{Ibid, VII. 67.]

COBHAM to WALSINGH£M.

Since my last the king is gone to Fontainebleau, there to remain th his Court. O On tthe Trith e 228th ult. he received there the qqueen his mother with his sister the Queen of Navarre, meeting them on i th horseback more than half a league from his house with but a small train. After the kindly and princely receiving of one another, they entered into one coach, and the Queen of Havarre after shehad 'accomplished her own dutiful manner' to the king at the first meeting, offered then to reach at his hand to kiss it on behalf Q* her husband. But the king would not suffer her, saying such kind of ceremonies were impertinent to be used between them; adding that he desired greatly to see the King of Havana as one he loved •with all his heart. After this had passed, they went towards Fontainebleau, where in the palace the young queen met them, receiving them with many welcomes. Notwithstanding this courteous beginning it is noticed the king's proceeding towards bis sister is performed but with a heavy and sad countenance,

ELIZABETH. A.D.

8

1582.

-

The Queen Mother, and especially the Queen of Navarre, have delivered many singular commendations of the King of Navarre, which are accompanied by the voices of most of the servants attending the Queen of Navarre. He has, as I am informed) departed from about Eochelle and Saint- Jean-d'Angeli towards ' Aques' Chaudes in Be"arn, intending to ' render' himself again at Saint-Jean about the end of this month, to be present at the assembly which is to be held for the reformed Churches of this realm. I have heard of a bill fastened on the Duke of Epernon's door in the Louvre before the late removal of the Court, on which was written: Garde-toi, glorieux ; car to scrag ung matin mcdlieureux ; Gar pour toujours trop entyeprtsndn, noits te farons quelque jour pendre—

which is imputed to have been done by some of the Guises. The king has sent President Eevol to the Marquisate of Saluees to confer •with the captains, and by enquiry to discover if there were any secret practices for the surprising of any of those towns, or any means used to trouble that province. After performing this, the President is to go to the Duke of Savoy to be the king's agent in that Court; as also to discern the duke's meaning and the occasions of his levies. The Duke of Mantua has sent to this Court the Captain of Alba. He passed by the Duke of Savoy doing compliments from the Duke Ms master, whereon it is supposed those dukes are of better accord than has lately been written from those parts. These reports of-their disagreement served for the disguising of the Duke of Savoy's levies for the surprise of Geneva; which 'is •written to be' discovered, and certain conspirators "taken in the town, in such sort that those of Berne perceiving the approach of the Duke of Savoy's forces have sent into Geneva sufficient supply from their Canton to defend the town, and have also put themselves in arms, if further occasions should be offered by the duke. Last week the Duke of <=£Javoy sent a. courier to his ambassador with a dispatch; on which the ambassador demanding audience of the king was deferred, but at iength obtained. The Sing ' showed to be* displeased, in respect he has some association with those of Geneva, and has not as yet. answered the duke's letter in writing. How for this respect and favourable manner of the king's in behalf of those of Geneva is meant, the Jesuits may best guess. The king is sending M. d'Hscars to the Eing of Kavarre to persuade Mm to repg.it to this Court; but he is known to the King of Navarre to nave been one who abused his fatiier, and is a dissuader of foreign wars, a favourer ol the Spanish faction, b f o a notorious corrupted Frenchman. Therefore it fe hoped he little prevail in his affairs that way. The Queen of Havana at the iuetftmse of hertori>&n&,ha» mm& her eonaiiig to Coatt procured fewo dispatches for the hagteniag of t t a Count of Brissao and M. Steozm to leave the f tench coast on

4

FOREIGN PAPEES.

A.D. 1582.

,

„ , . . ' " •

their voyage towards the islands; because they of the Eengion seem to he in great pain and the Bochellers constrained to he at great charge, standing daily upon their guard. • They certify from Nantes that there are arrived from the Terceras -three ships laden with goods to the value of 100,000 crowns. They expect daily the return of the ships which transported the Count of Torres Vedras, in which there is merchandise of much worth belonging to Don Antonio. They write also from Nantea that the English ships are arrived about Belle Isle conducted by Diego de 'Botielo.' • - • From Bordeaux it is written that the ships that are there will now he in readiness. And I hear the king has of late sent a commission to young Lansac to go with this prepared ' army' for Don Antonio's affairs; whose company will not much please many, because he is held suspected. ' The king sends hence M. de Lavalette, governor of Saluces. •>•

;'.

Jt is understood that Mme de Durae ' had that scornful part' of the glass of ink broken on her face, done to her by the procurement of. Clermont d'Amboise. This had deed ,' is sought to be revenged' by the King of Navarre and the Duke of Epernon, for the affection he beare to the Queen of Navarre, It is advertised by the last letters from Italy that soldiers are now openly levied at the Bound of the drum in the Duehy of Milan; some write, to the number of 12,000 and 10,000, some of 8,000. I am given to understand the Duke of Maine intends to go to Italy under pretence of accomplishing his vow to Nostra Donna di Loreto, and also to visit his uncle the Duke of Ferrara. as one •discontented and melancholy disposed. Howbeit, it is known he has in his purse to cheer himself 300,000 crowns, of which he received 180,000 for land sold in Savoy of his wife, who is descended from a -bastard of Savoy. And now he has for his office of the - Admiralty of France 120,000 crowns, which amounts to 800,000 in all. The office of Admiral is bestowed on Duke Joyeuse. . The king and young queen intend at once to begin and continue their diet at Fontainebleau. I hear from Yeniee that a gentleman has arrived from the Duke of Brabant. He was well received by the Signiory and returned with letters from that state, presented with a chain of 400 crowns. - Soranzo, lately sent ambassador to Rome, is returned to Venice without obtaining any reason at the Pope's hands concerning the Signiors' request against the Patriarch of Aquileia.—Paris, 8- May 1582. Add. Endd. 7 pp. [Frame VII. 68.]

May 4.

5.

MASSINO KEL BENE to WA&SINGBOE.

The Queen Mother has arrived at Court; it is not yet known what has been decided in the matter of his Highness, By a

ELIZABETH. A.D.

5

1582. certain person of quality good hopes have been given me; but I am slow to believe it. "When I have any certain news I will impart it to you. Geneva has been in great danger ; and the reason is that at a place called Ripaillo, whither Ama&eus, Count of Savoy, once retired to live the life of a hermit with 8 or 10 of his intimates, there have gradually assemTbled 700 to 800 men* under the command of that Anselme, in order that from that place, which is only three or four leagues from Geneva, they might be brought to a farmhouse very near, belonging to one with whom they had intelligence arranged to that end, and thence get possession of a gate and subsequently of the city. From this danger one of Anselm's soldiers, of the Beligion, freed them by giving them notice of it. General information of it had been, given them more than sis weeks ago by one who has himseli more than once attempted "what the Duke of Savoy was attempting. Those of Bern, Ereiburg, and Solotkurn have taken up arms, and have put good garrisons into the city and occupied the passages by which these people can •withdraw into Savoy, in order to play them a practical joke {mal ischerzo). It is also thought certain that the Bernese will take this occasion to reoccupy the bailiwicks they, had surrendered, a little carelessly, to the Duke of Savoy, he having broken the conventions under which they surrendered them.0 Even here we ought to resent it, the city in question being under our protection. At least I know well that the garrison will be paid at qur cost, from the moneys deposited at the time when we took the protection jointly with the three cantons. If this young prince will remember how much it cost his grandfather to let himself be lightly drawn into undertakings, he would perhaps be more considerate; but for myself I think that this was a priests' scheme (J pratka di padre), I shall set out in a few days for the Low Countries, having been given to understand from Chenoneeaux that I was to hold myself in readiness to take that journey. I much desire to do it, and especially to eross thenee to your country, to pay my respects to the Queen and revisit my patrons, among whom you will ever hold the first place.—Paris, 4 May 1582. AM.

May 4.

6-

Endd- RaL

1J jRp. [France VII, 68 6i*.]

"The 4th of May, 1582.—The confession of John Asson, mariner, who went as a sailor in the ship named the Mmamtd of London, on the last voyage that she made to San Luear ia Spain."

The name of the master of the ship is^ John Alday of Harwieh; fee principal merchant on board her is named 3ohn Hawea of London, to whom part of the vessel belongs. by west of Cape St. Tinceai, early m fee morning, the < weather being baay, they diseowred ft ship boarding a travel, being right ahead of them as they wete sailing. "Whemtpm the master, seeing that the vessel -was » maa-of-wir (home tie, yaem) matte ready for action, and shaped his course sts&igM for feeia, On

6

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

coming near he began to make out the ship, and saw that she was French and the caravel Portuguese. The ship. of war had then taken the caravel, and put men on*board. "When the Frenchman saw that the Emanuel •wanted to speak to the prize, the ship of war went to -windward of her (aknif d'elle); and when the Emanuel came up to the prize, the master ordered him to lower sail. The Frenchman replied that he would do nothing of the sort; whereupon she fired a gun, and struck him, and then they let the sheets gOj but the sails could not come down, because they were entangled with the rigging.

*

And while the Evianud was close alongside the caravel, speaking to them, the ship of war luffed tip close to them, and offered to lay the prize aboard. "Whereupon the master of the Emanuel ordered a gun to be fired at her, ana she in like manner fired three or four gunB at the Emanuel, and then the Eviatmel fired one or two more at her, and on that the ship of war fell away from her (alia alarga iVelle).

Then the master of the Emanuel ordered his small skiff to be got out, and put into her two men, one oi whom was the deponent, John Aespnr arid the other Francis {name Hank), sent them to the prize, to find the master and captain [sic], that lie might speak to them. "When the skiff reached the caravel, seven Frenchmen got into her, and pushed the skiff off, and as the two Englishmen wanted to row them on board the Emanuel the Frenchmen against their will took the oars from them, and rowed {vogared) the skiff aboard the ship of war, and forced the two Englishmen against their will to go on board their ship; and after the skiff had remained there about three quarters of an hour, for the captain to write his letter to the master, he sent the letter by seven of his men in the skiff aboard the Emanuel, keeping the two Englisnmen on board his own ship. When the copy was shown to the master and merchants of the Emanud, they thought it was a trick. Nevertheless seeing that they mentioned the name of Monsieur, they would have been content to let him have the caravel, had they not had two Spaniards on board. These Spaniards were taken by the Turks at La Groletta, and had served long in captivity. By chance they were in Media, near Derbend in October 1580, at which time our English ship in the service of the company of English merchants for the discovery of our new. trade, was near that place, in the Caspian Sea. These two Spaniards our English sailors received secretly on board their ship, out oi zeal for Christendom, and as a work of charity, and brought them thence hither to London, and here they were set at liberty last September. They were then on their return homewards, going as passengers on board the Emanuel; and seeing that .they were bound for San Lucar and had these Spaniards on board, who on their arrival there would not M l to publish what they knew and had seen, they thought that if they abandoned the caravel they would be arrested in Spain, and regarded as pirates or at least accessory to piracy, to the danger of their lives and loss of their

ELIZABETH.

'

i

A.D. 1582.

ship and goods. Therefore they answered the Frenchmen that they would set the caravel free, not -wishing to be bothered any further with them; and with this answer he sent the skiff on board the ship of war to the eaptains and required (reqttvrid) him to send • back the Wo Englishmen whom he had on board his ship. When the captain of the ship of war heard this answer, he sent back John Asson in the skiff with seven of his own men aboard the Emwmel, and kept the other, and ordered those in the skiff to bring two of the prize crew that he had left in the prize, one of whom was wounded in the thigh by a cannon-shot. "When the master of the Emanuel saw that they had kept one of his men, he began to get angry (monter colere), and said that, they were to fetch him back at once, and if they did not, he would go and seek him at their expense. The skiff accordingly took with her the two Frenchmen out of the prize, and carried them on board the ship, and then the captain sent the other Englishman to the Emanuel. Then the master of the Bmanuel sent the Frenchmen in his skiff aboard their ship, and so many Portuguese out of the caravel as might serve to bring the skiff back to their ship. This being done, and the Portuguese put back aboard their caravel, with a little victuals given them by the Em-anuel for their nourishment, then the Emanuel and the caravel shaped their course towards the land, and went in company till they were over against Yilla Nova, where (oh ee que) the caravel anchored; and being in safety there the Portuguese offered to give them half their cargo of sugar for having assisted them, confessing that they were obliged to them for having been so happily delivered from the danger to their lives, goods, and ship, and that further they were bound to pray for them all their lives. But the master, merchants,, and ship's jeompany refused their gift, and were content to receive from them of their courtesy two cases only of Brazilian sugar in powd.«r, and one (jentmke (?); and therewith they had also an attestation written by the Portuguese as testimony hereof. Thus the Emmu-el left her in safety in the roads over against "Villa Hova and proceeded on her voyage to San Luear, where this job ((viwre) soon became known to the duke and people of the town and country around by means ol the two Spanish passengers, and was also testified to by letters, irotn. Yitia Hova. and Ayamoate, written by one Mt Holland, an Englishman, and others to the duke; for which cause the master and erew of the ISmaiwd had great favour in the place. This is all I can say in this affair. "ByWJL" Endd. Fr. {all hut Ut&t words in inserted mmmm) hut dwrly mitten by an Englfahmmu In hand *>f (?) 1L Bnnikanu 8 pp. (Spain L 90.]

3

"

A.D. 1 5 8 2 ,

May 5.-

FOBEIGN PAPERS. '

. „ . • . :

7. MENDOZA to the EABL OF SusSEXi It is many months since the Judge of the Admiralty came and asked me in.her Majesty's name to hand him the papers -which I had touching the robheries of Francis Brake. I did so; and it will be months since Secretary Walsingham told me that an answer would be given me upon that which I was expecting, and a month since he sent to me finally to say that although the answer had been made out the Queen had seen it, and wanted to look into the matter, and that I should have a little patience and the Queen •would give it me. I beg you to do me the favour of signifying this to the Queen, and letting me know when she will be pleased to give me this answer, and an audience to hear it, that I may advise the king my master of its nature.—London, 5 May 1582. Add. Endd. by me of Wahinglmm's secretaries. Spowi. 1 p. [Spain L 91.]

May 5.

8. English translation of the above,, wrongly dated 'first of May.' Endd. I pp. {Ibid. I. 92.] .

May 5.

9. I wrote last on the 29th ult. What has happened in these parts is that the Princess of Orange deceased yesterday at 4 a.m., having been ill for eight days of a continued fever and double pleurisy. His Excellency and all his house are in deep distress; nevertheless the Prince bears all his emotions patiently, praising God for all His visitations. For the last year he has had a lot of hindrances in the negotiation of these countries with Monsieur. He has lost Breda. The danger he has been in from his wound—the death of Ms wife. She, died calling on the' Lord to her last breath, with such fervour as it would be long to tell. All the foreigners here feel it much, for she Was a'kind mother to them. "Well, God be praised for all, and keep his Excellency in prosperity, for this country has more need of him than ever. His Highness has been infinitely grieved by this death. He is in good health and prospering; and would like to see a good army in the field, to show a square front (faire contrecwre) to the enemy, who remains before Oudenarde, where he has brought up his artillery, but has made no battery up to now. It is presumed that he has some other scheme. M. de la Garde's regiment has been moved out of Bergues to go to Mnove. Some Flemings and Scotch are going into Bergues. The Count of la Boehefoueault left this town for France only yesterday j he is going to levy forces, for the army. Affairs are still going on very slowly, and it seems that the States have at present no intention of putting the moyens gen&raulx, subsidies or imports, into his Highnes&'s hands; but just 300,000 guilders a month for carrying on the war, by equal instalments. An infinity of disorders will come about for lack of payment of the soldiers.

' ELIZABETH. • A.D,

'

9

1582. They do nothing but give fresh commissions to levy men, paying those who are serving. Mr North and Mr Cotton are not yet dispatched. They are about asking for quartets -where they can collect their people, which have not yet been granted them. There will be some difficulty in getting them. Colonel Stewart having a difference with some of his captains before his Highness,' when they had produced their complaints, his Highness had granted.them as commissioners to hear the controversy and remedy it. At the same time Colonel Stewart, being accompanied, gave several blows with a stick to one of the captains, " called ' Sepens' [Spence], in the street, he being alone. This has offended his Highness, seeing the violation of justice, and the contempt of himself and his councillor s on the part of Stuart. He has been put under arrest, and has been in his own house for a week, and much in disgrace (m pevne) for that. M. de Villesaison started yesterday to find the Prince of Conde, who is1 to come here. Instead of being sued after, it seems that he is the suitor; and if he would consider, expense on expense, bad economy, has been the ruin of the nobles of the Religion in France. There has always been a search for the means to render them poor and miserable, that they might have no resources before them. Which ought to serve as an example to those who are left, for &eir preservation.—Antwerp, 5 May 1582. . Add. Endd.

May 5.

Fr. 1£ j>p,

IHoll and Fl XVI. 4.]

1 0 . [WAisrsaHAii] to G-ILPIN. I perceive by your letter of the 28th \_sic\ ult. that the States continue still feeding us with dilatory answer, greatly to her Majesty's dishonour and discontent; and therefore I see it necessary for us here to proceed to an arrest which will make the town of Antwerp deal more effectually with the united provinces. I have signified as mueh in effect to Mr Junius, as may appear by the enclosed copy of the letter which 1 sent him. You may also let all sueh of the town as have any traffic into these parts understand as mueh; for that they see no execution, follow of our threatenings, makes them have us the more in contempt, btit when they see us take another course, they will be more careful, 1 doubt not, to yield contentment. I find that unless we can bring ihe town of Antwerp to take upon them, to Bee her Majesty satisfied, though the sums long since dite be paid, we shall find th« like trouble in the recovery of what will be due hereafter* _ It seems to me that if the town of Antwerp would have that care it were fiMor them to have, they might in the general contributions of the united provinces so provide for themselves that they might be satisfied out of such sums as &w taxed upon the rest of the provinces towards the payment of the interest, l a ease you have not proceeded to protestertion as by my last letters you were directed, you will $© wsE to forbear it (unless you see mnm to iMnk ii way -work good effect) j for I doulst it will b i t Hfctle prevail, as m havei farad by former experience m thfl pi'oseetttion of this cause. Beeaase I know it k very hard to prescribe here what is ftt to be dose tore, I

10

PAPEftS.

A.D. 1582.

> leave you to your own direction to take such course as you think best to further her Majesty's service in this behalf. M. Eossel, by the last letter I 'received from him, finds himself grieved that there has been no consideration had of his service; whei*ein for my own part I have been willing to do what I might ior him, but the time is hard, and her Majesty is many ways put to great charges, and therefore we that serve about her cannot^ procure that consideration of men's services that we desire. Some liberality I have used towards him of my own, and mean to do hereafter, because I would be loath that he should think me unthankful; but that, as I find by hie letters, does not content him. Yet, to say the truth, I never received any advertisement from him that deserved any extraordinary consideration : yet I find he makes another price of his wares. When you see him, I pray if he enter into [Ends here]. Draft,

May 5.'

Endd.

3 pp.

# 11- DON ANTONIO to WAiiSiNtfHAJf. Although you will not write to me, I would refresh your memory of me, only to assure you of my good affection towards you, and because although my affairs are not going in this country as I expected, that will be- no reason for passing over anything wherein I can do you so much pleasure as may be in my power, on account both of your personal merits, and of my word given you in this respect. Antonio de Vega will tell you the position of my affairs, and will speak of the other matters which concern my interests. Please give him credit and assistance; I will requite it when I have a chance.—Tours, 5 May, (Signed) Bey. Holograph, . Add,

6,

{Boll, and Fl, XVI. 5.]

12.

Endd.

ItdL. 1 p.

\Portugal I. 77.]

GTILPIN to LAWBENCE TOMSON,

I have talked with Mr Longolius concerning her Majesty's cause, 'how far therein was proceeded,' and.would according to command have left the fullest instructions I could for his better direction, if upon the 'prolonging' of the Diet in Germany I had not stayed * till the certain day known.' Wherefore during my abode here, he requested me to continue my accustomed endeavours. To this I agreed, till his honour's pleasure further known, as signified in my last* This week I brought Eeynold Copeott to Yander Werke the pensionary of this town, to know when and where, according to his last promise, the money for ' their part of the town' should be paid; to which he made me answer contrary to his former, and to my expectation, being thus: • • .

• That for the half year the money was ready, and for the other half should he in like readiness within 10 or 12 days. He added that h£ hoped when they of this town should pay 5,000 or 6,000 . guilders for their, part of the whole year, it would suffice. But I

ELIZABETH.

11

A.D.1582.

Baid it eame to at least 8,000 and odd guilders. Whereto he replied that Guelderland and 3?riesland with all the other united provinces paying their parts, it would come to less. These speeches, being directly ' from ' the other, and the agreement passed last July at the Hague, provoked me to say that it would not be -well taken; that a new delay was devised, and ' would' find the inconvenience of it very shortly, her Majesty accounting fully to have assurance for the yearly contentment from this town, as I had often declared. And therefore it were best they should procure the obtaining from the States-General the beat means they could for their indemnity, before the departure/tf States, who are ready to break up, putting all other matters aside till their next meeting; and as I hear, will then determine for her Majesty's satisfaction. Yander Werke promised me he would" impart what I told him to the magistrates, and within a few days I should receive M l resolution in •writing. Those of Handera give fair words, but no deeds followZealand'ia ready, as they say, to do as the rest.. They of Holland cannot get on the bwtrse here M 1,000 on their credit, and therefore desired .me to see what I could do, or else were contented to pay the money at Dort, upon sight of the bills of exchange which they offered me. But because I found it not reasonable to abide the venture of the money hither, passage being. dangerous, I desired them to take some other order; which Paul Buys assured me he would, with such care that he doubted not her Maje&ty would like their readiness. Thus you hear bow matters pass; and to write plainly, I doubt all are but delays, and therefore _ look for no resolution, unless there be another course taken, which I refer to his honour's judgement. I assure you there neither has nor shall want any diligence on my part; and I was loath to be troublesome with this advice. At the Diet at Augsburg there will "be a great assembly of the princes and nobles of Germanyt especially bishops &od priests, and some great matter will fall out, and at least be talked of, concerning religion. The Jesuits increase in those parts mai-vellously, and are supported* by the Emperor and all his favourers, building churches and schools wherever they can ' get in foot.' For our common, news, you may by the enclosed note understand all that I can learn.—Antwerp, 6 May 1582.

AM May 6,

Enid, l%pp. [HoB. and M. XVI. «.]

1 3 . MicnssiisBE to This bearers Mr Laurence Peron, a Frenchman whom I have always known for an honest man, naturalised in tMs eountey, and esteemed as it mams, to me by $11 honest men, brought ine yesterday your messagesfyucomtnendatkms)for which I than£ you much. As he tola me that he was going back to you, I thought good to sead you this line, and by the same opportunity to coBoaoexid liim to you according to Ms good right, and the favour and justice wMeh lie

12

•

"

FOREIGN PAPEES.

A.D.158'A

_

hopes to have from you. I have also charged him with a packet for the Queen of Scots, and with two small ones which reached me yesterday from M. du Yerger. I have been told that there are also others from her Ambassador; if they come, I will send them to you. Meanwhile the Queen your mistress has, on the last two occasions when I went to her, made much show of wishing to do her all good offices as to a relative. She told me that the doctors were ready to start. Please send me word how that is, for the Queen of Scots has at the present time no hope save in her Majesty's kindness, and that you on your part will do her all good offices in things reasonable, which is all I will say about it at this moment. Affectionate regards from MM. de Marchaumont and Baqueville, and from my wife, who is at Paris, whither she has taken our son, in the hope of finding there the English tutor named Nicolson, whom we chose four years ago to instruct our son, both on account of the difference of language, and because we knew him for an honest man, and brought tip in France. But two days ago he was taken prisoner when'presenting your-letter. I beg you to aid with, your favour in getting him discharged.—London, 6 May 1582. IKS.—We have all drunk to your boune grace and to your wife, whose hands we humbly kiss, and we beg you once more to do something for this bearer. Add. May 6.

14,

Endd. Fr.' 2 #2?.

[Frmce VII. 69.]

STOKES to 'WALSINGHAM.

Myjast was the 29th ult. This week few speeches only have The enemy lies still before Oudenarde, where it seems they_ are resolved to continue till they have the town, unless they be driven perforce from thence, or else must depart for want of victuals and forage, both of which, by good advice, are very scant and dear in their camp. The enemy have also brought certain field^pieces to their camp, and it is said 16 cannons are coming thither, and that their meaning is to make a battery to it. But it is thought these are but speeches, for they cannot come to it but at one side of the town, for all the rest lies under water without. This week letters eame from Oudenarde to the magistrates of Ghent, in which they wrote they were of good courage, and feared not the enemy, and that they have victuals and munitions enough for these six months, and they daily issue out and m'ake stout skirmishes. The speech goes here that the camp which the Duke of Brabant is preparing, and which is already planted between Ghent and Oudenarde, will be about 10,000 men. in all, with the English that are coming out of Friesland ; and when they are all together, it is hoped there will be some good piece of service done.

ELIZABETH. X.n.1582,

May 7.

13

' By good advice out of the enemy's camp, the Prince ol Parma continues still in great rages for the loss of Alost; and for a simple revenge he has commanded to kill all the poor peasants about Alost, because they gave no advice 'of * their' coming; so the peasants are with great cruelty slain, as many as they can. take. The enemy has also taken the castle of G-asbecque, ' per finesse' in the night. It belongs to the Count of Egmont, and lies -within two leagues of Brussels. It is strong and -will very much trouble Brussels, Ninove, and Alost very sore [sic] for it stands in the midst of them all. The States took this castle from the enemy by surprise the very day that Tournay was lost. This week the soldiers at Corttrick, for want of their wages, have sacked, the burghers of the town; which is a shrewd example to all soldiers to do the like in other towns. Those of Cambray and Cambresis make great wars against the enemy in those parts; in such sort that they trouble them more than in any other place.—Bruges, 6 May 1582. Add. Endd. 1J pp. [Hott. and FL XVI, 7.] • 15.

EOSSBL to "WALSINGBAH.

By yours of the 28th I recognise the little recompense that I can expect for having served four years in correspondence with you, in her Majesty's name. "Which I thought was in conformity with the verbal promises of yourself and Lord Cobham on your embassy, confirmed by many of your letters which, I have by me. Now I see how little her Majesty makes of my services and my advices; which nevertheless are such as to say the truth, none else, not even the great pensioners at 400 crowns, Yilliers and others, could have done better offices than I, or services to the realm; and whereby 1 have rendered myself suspected of having English, sympathies, which loses me the promotion I hoped for. I have neglected to continue my duties, which have therefore been suspended, awaiting the promises (on your letter of credence) of Mr Greville. I "would not have served under her Majesty's name(?), nay, irf familiar correspondence between us two, with no hope of benefit from anyone- 1 have performed the like office in past days among, princes as a friend, without putting myself into subjection as I have done to my great harm and ruin. Henceforward I shall be pleased to do you Berries as an individual, to have your thanks, and hope for nothing else. Our aonstitution is settled in tolerable order1. The States are departed, and have put it and the disposition of affairs in his Isie] charge, even to the point of leaving the uxoyenstjiu&raitlxat his disposal, managed however under three members of the Ootmcfl, with two elected to the Finances to restore the fitting orfe, The position of the -war is this i The enemy Is euteenebed before Oudenaide, and encamped these 17 days past. Some boats from Toitmay have brought some artillery, which is not yet disembarked. M Meenea m a sorfo they fotuid two boats going to the war

14

FOBEIGN PAP1BB.

A.D.1582.

with balls and powder for the battery against Oudenarde. These, they sank in the river and entirely ruined, which is the reason why the time is being unprofitably wasted. Our people are where I .once encamped our army, in t h e suburbs of Ghent waiting for the assembly said to be intended of all the garrisons to face the enemy and relieve the besieged. Meanwhile some Swiss and reiters will arrive, who are already a t the place of. muster, Attigny, on the,frontier of Champagne. They passed close to the Marquis of Havrech's house, but missed catching him. We.have news contrary to what you wrote me as to the king's ambassador at Rome proposing aid to his brother. So far from it, it is rather feared that arms will be taken up in France, on account of the surprise, which failed, of Karboniie. These moderate advices may be acceptable to you-—Antwerp, 7 May 1582. ••• Add.; Endd, May 8.

16.

Ft:

%%ppt [Ibid, XVI. 8.]

THOMAS LONGSTON to WALSINGHAJI.

With your letters of April 28 I received yesterday certain others, which delivered to their handa to whom they were addressed. Touching the money which is to be here reserved for the ' noated' interest, if you command me that service, I will endeavour the best I can to perform your pleasure in that behalf. But I suppose the ministry of the merchant therein does not so much quicken or move this people as an express messenger would do; for our ' doleanees' and suits are here so continual and common that they are little regarded, though we have great right and reason for us. Mr Gilpin is not yet departed on his journey for Germany; but so long as he is here he solicits for payment of the interest. And so far as I know, Eeynold Oopcott accepts the commission given him for the receipt and disposal of the money, whereof Mx Gilpin, as I take it, has advertised you, so that I need not further ' trowle' the same at this time.-^Antwerp, 8 May 1582. AM. May 8.

17.

Endd. f p.

[Ibid. XVI. 9.]

GILPIN to L.

I have nothing other than was sent on Sunday last touching her Majesty's cause, and therefore found it needless for the time to trouble his honour with a n y answer to his letter received by this post; but meaning thoroughly to use t h e course thereby directed, will by the nest ' enlarge' the proceeding and success of my endeavours. I am sorry to see this people have no more care to accomplish their promises, but by delay drive off t h e time, and to gain ifc incur greater harm otherwise by presuming too much ' of1 her Majesty's goodness, without doubt or fear, as it seems, of displeasure. This week, God willing, I will deal roundly with them, and Ms honour shall heat their answer ancl my farther opinion,

ELIZABETH. AJ>.

IS

1582. ' The whitest' I pray you excuse my not writing to him this time. All the last letters enclosed are delivered according to then* directions, and what answers were sent you shall receive herewith. Other news than I gave in my last I have not, save certain ' speeches' that those of Meenen met with the powder and shot and other like provision sent from the Malcontents towards Oudenarde. Also it is eredihly reported that they will depart thence and give over the siege, victuals falling out very scarce and dear. Tomorrow the Princess will be buried in the great church.— Antwerp, 8 Hay 1582. P.S.—Since finishing the above, I am given to understand that the Common Council of this town "were yesterday dealt with for provision of monies for her Majesty's contentment, to which they required six days' respite to give their final resolution. So by the nest I trust to write further. Add.

May

5—8.

X8.

EnM.

1 p.

W. HERIE

[End. XVI. 10.]

to

My letter, dated 28th April, and meant to have hem sent to you by the post, was stayed by me upon some occasion till now. This bearer will deliver it, and a hook therewith. I beseech you, though it eome late, you will not despise the humble meaning I have, to do you any service I can. Since writing my last, the Prince of Orange has shown himself ftfc the Castle Church, to the satisfaction of many, and discontentment of others;. of whom some were so obstinate that they would not believe him to be living till their own sight had assured them. Villierg preached that Wednesday, and public prayers of thanksgiving were held throughout the town for the Prince's health. But this morning it has pleased G-od, about 4 o'clock, to lay another heavy cross upon the Prince, by calling ont of the world the Prineess his wife; a lady truly most bemoaned, leaving six little daughters behind her. This is like to work smsae sorrowful effect of melancholy in the Prince,'though he bears it out with an incredible constancy, comforting others that come to condole with bim. Yet his inward affeetion. is .known, et separatist amkorum ctanciilMm monht, The Princess of Epinoy is also in each ' weak terms' that there is small hope of recovery. Baultepeftne, called Earl of Bavlemoiit, had an enterprise to hate surprised Yenlo on May day, which wag prevented by adrertteemeuts from hence, &sd he frustrated of Hs long purpose—it had been a whole year ' in handling.' As truly, bj the Praise of Orange's means, tMs sid« hm great intelligence of *he m&mfB procaeaifig& Captain * Chattellstt/ aa Italian, who Imdi ft brave W a e t of red eoats, Italians and BpaaiaMg,' i n n t e ' Terdago'» iregisienifeeam& to 'Araaffi' in GmUerhm^^ -prmmUng lm service to Moasfew, having Item iliugeA by Tm-4ago, This offer teiag

16 A.I>. 1582.

FOBEIGN PAPERS. ' Chattellett' is sent for hither to be interrogated. And 150 of Sehenk's reiters are come to "the States' service in Ghielderland. Mr jSTorria "with his regiment is commanded to come hither to the camp at Ghent; but he lias so small contentment offered him for his past services, that he will not be able therewith to make his soldiers march, nor have them at command. Monsieur's meaning is to put a good garrison unto Puisborg and at the little ' sconU' that Mr Morris made, thereby to keep the Yssel at Bronkhorst; also to fortify Steenwyk -with men and munition, and a little force withal beside ' Groyning,' and so the whole country is defended by these places against the enemy, and he forced to make head where Monsieur's camp is to be. The States-General are dissolved today, and Monsieur was in the Chamber of .Finances to 'receive such order' as they had agreed upon for the contributions mentioned in my former letters; Monsieur undertaking to give the States three months' credit always beforehand touching the contributions of the 800,000 guilders that are allowed for the entertainment of the army; by which respite the States will be able without ineommodity to furnish that sum still, and the country will be greatly eased. The States have agreed to shut up the traffic of victuals from Holland to Gravelin.es by safe-conduct, that the French king, beholding that those here have really and effectually accomplished on their side all conditions that were entrusted with him and his brother, they may thereupon directly urge him likewise to close the passages of M6zieres and Calais; otherwise to eharge him with his own contract, the copy of which I enclose. Paul Buys, who departs tomorrow first into Zealand and then into Holland, with order to see the 'premisses' executed, commends himself to you, to the Lord Treasurer, and to the Earl of Leicester, ' assuring' that in all occasions that may import service or respect to the Queen of England, both he and the whole state of Holland and Zealand will sincerely frame themselves to be at her devotion. This he desired me particularly to signify, that she might understand the devotion that is borne her. The. States have decreed at once to send an ' arnbassage,' with sufficient instructions, to the Earl of Embden and to the ' sea towns/ also to sundry princes of the Empire that are of most importance, to treat of a league defensive and offensive to be had with these provinces and with the.sea parts thereof, with 'space' to comprise in it what confederates.either side shall call in. The copy of the States' letters in this behalf to the sea-coasts, and to the other princes that are to be treated with, and the instructions they send to be negotiated upon, I shall have as soon as the Secretary of State has order to deliver the original to those that are to be employed therein. Don Antonio's affairs here for shipping proceed slowly and without aid of money > whereof there is small means or hope to be furnished, f he travail hereunto is lost, for the owners and mariners

ELIZABETH. A.P.

17

1582.

\

•- •

•will not be.'enforced' to the Isle of Tercera for their payment, but will be satisfied and as eared before their departure, having seen that Don Antonio's credit is small in the Tereeras; for of late two ships haye arrived thence in Zealand, richly laden, yet without -ware or credit that might appertain to serve Dan Antonio's turn. There are three of his agents here, Souza,{Piedro d'Oro,' and ' Chriatovallett,' . who surely have small skill of these humours, and less means to advance their own furtherance and credit; contented, as it seems, • to be led on with strong imaginations against both reason and possibility. But in the meantime they spend largely, which is the fruit of all that is done. Besides, their master m France is as much abused ' of' the other side, ' the desirous belike to be consumed' ('?). Such is his credulity, and in the end he shall carry neither ship nor aid thence, for Strozzi and Brissae are instruments of another edge, which concerns her Majesty and Bochelle to look well t o .

The young prince, heir to the Duke of Tuscany, is dead, which is of no small consequence, in regard of the inheritance of that state; wMeh. will hardly be invested in the issue of this woman, whose hand they say has holpen this young gentleman onwards, Colonel Stewart has had a tough work in hand with his regiment, which has complained of him. He is 'lastly ' committed to his own lodging for beating one Spense, a captain of his, with a cudgel, who therefore framed a criminal action against him for the battery, as though it were in the nature of an ' assassinate,' but no way justly ; for Stewart, accompanied only by his boy, met Spense well weaponed in the High Street, and there to hijs face used the cudgel, the other offering no defence but his heels. It is likely that Colonel Stewart will be discharged, and the Scots reduced that are here under Tr&yll and Johnston; which will hasten Stewart's journey into Scotland, after he has visited " Battembnrgh." There is a great bruit here, grounded upon advertisements eome to Monsieur, that England is in arms against the Queen, the Papists grown strong, the Queen perplexed with fear and difficulty, the Earls of Leicester and Sussex banded in great troops one against the other, both of them commanded to their houses, Mr Hatton and the Earl of Susses become Spanish, yourself in fear to fall with the Earl oi Leicester, great leagues made among the nobility and those particularly named. That the time is come when, the Queen must know herself to be but & woman, and to have need of a head to govern things; whereupon Monsieur wishes himself there to aid her. Finally, that the passages and ports of England are shut up, guarded by officers, who search eveiy man to fhe soles of their shoes for letters and papers of eo&apiraey and rebellion. Of all this the States have been informed by the branch, ^yeHven' sitting in Couneil; which, as I gnesa, is to alienate their minds and good opinions from England, and turn their eotirae by dnister degrees another way. To eonfim this bruit ike wore, we have bad no post eome over for seventeen days. Monsieur asked me what I thought of the '.pemisses.' I said ^mly that they -veto© toys el uo credit or likelmood, Mid lhat our Wtf

18 A.D.

FOREIGN PAPEES. 1582. state was so composed, not of four forks (?) but of good government and provision against all events, that it was impossible to have any dangerous conspiracy begun that had not forthwith the effect of an untimely birth. The like, in larger words, I told one of his Council, who threatened that we should have civil wars, and hereof the seeds were cast, and had taken root; in the breasts of most resolute and noble persons, occasioned by three things: first, for the lack of a husband to the Queen according to her worthiness; next, for lack of establishing an heir apparent to succeed, which, they determine to be only the Scottish king by his right; thirdly, the hatefulness of the Triumvirate of England, which secluded any other from authority and benefit by her Majesty, but themselves, which would occasion a free parliament before long, to debate freely of these points in the face of the whole realm. ' These are the discourses and ' plafcts' that are at present most rife here, even with the best sort of men; which among other effects has damped the speech of the sum sent over to Monsieur. But the same had required more convenient and grateful turns, if ' allgates' their error were to be salved by suppression and indirect turns. English, the master that brought it over, and that entertained la Fougere in his cabin in the best' degrees' he could, had, as our merchants here affirm, no greater reward than 6 French erowns. The Bishop of Boss's genealogy, and his book in Latin of the Scottish title to the Grown of England, has been greatly asked for and sold at this Frankfort mart. This I dare affirm of my knowledge, for I provided myself some few ' books' of it, and had true advertisement thereof.—Antwerp, 5 May 1582. P.8, 8 May 1582.—On Sunday letters were intercepted which came to the Prince of Parma from the Count of Mansf eldt, governor of Luxembourg, declaring that his soldiers, and ' namely' his son's new regiment, were in great disorder for want of pay, living in the mean season upon the eountry-man in all licentiousness, without discipline or obedience, and ready to commit more insolent part [sic] that might overthrow the king's service wholly in those parts, if present supply were not ministered. It was necessary now to have all their troops in readiness, for the Duke of Alencon's Switzers had marched forward to their rendezvous upon the ' Bossne ! [qy. Ehone], where the reiters that were levied for his service also, under the leading of Count Ulrieh of Mansfeldt, were to meet, to the number of 1,500- horse, passing by Metz, and then making themselves way by force through Luxembourg, which were easy, to the Prince of Parma's apparent danger, if those disorders were not first provided for. On Saturday night, 15 cornets of the Prince of Parma's troops lying before Oudenarde were sent towards Namur. In like manner Verdugo's forces, a-foot and a-horsebaek, have marched out of Gkielderland thitherwards, to join with the governor of Luxembourg in stopping the passage to the Switzers and the reitets, and to fight them before Monsieur oan relieve them with other companies,

ELIZABETH. A.D.

19

1582. Oudenarde is not like to be battered at all, yet the enemy's camp is still before it. The ordnance that was shipped at Tournay for the battery is embarked again, and with it an infinite number of canvas bags that were made to fill up with earth or sand. Those of Oudenarde are now of that courage that they have written to G-hent that they are able to keep the place these six months against the enemy, being provided with all things necessary, and resolute withal to abide the siege. "Wherewith once more I take my leave. Baqueville is appointed, if some other occasion alter it not, to be resident in England in Marchaumont's place; of whom it was feared upon this bruit from England that he must be noted for a sower of division and therefore reealled in time. The post is arrived today with letters of very old dates. On hack: The Princess of Orange is to be buried tomorrow the 9th, at Our Lady's Church. Add. Endd. 6i>p. . [HoU. and Fl, XVL 2.]

May

9.

19.

MBWDOZA to

The bearer of this has given me the answer which you gave him this day; and as the matter is of great importance, ia order not to fall into the former inconvenience of saying that the messenger has made a mistake, and since her Majesty was unwilling to give me the answer from her own moutb, I beg you to send it me in writing that I may forward it to my master.—From my lodging, 9 May 1582. Add. Endd. Fr. I p. [SJWWB I. 98.] May 10.

2 0 . FBANCOIS »B OmxiiB to "WABSINGHAM. I was much rejoiced to hear by this bearer news of your good condition (disposition); I pray it may long be maintained. I explained to him the causes of my delay, which are based, as he will tell you, on my own indisposition. However, I hope to recover my health shortly, and am taking pains to do so, for the desire I have to kiss your hands and those of my good lord and master the Earl of Huntingdon, eid mtltuni debeo t in whoee service I hold nothing ao dear, whether goods or life, trait t would not employ it with, my whole heart. My most humble regards to your Lien bonne grace.—Bouen, 10 May 1582 Add,

May

10.

21.

Endd. Fr,

£j».

[France YU> 70.]

MEHBOZA to the EABL m

SUSSEX.

The day before yesterday I had an express courier from Spam, with advices from the king of an act of violence which English ships have committed in Spain, in the kingdom of Galieia. Kindly signify i± to the Queen. God knows I mn sorry that my luck allows me to do nothing but lay eotaplamte before her every time that 1 kiss her hands.'—London* 10 May 1582Add. EnM, in Wahmghwnh ojiw.

Span* f p. \Sfttfcti L 94.]

20

-

A.D. May

.

FOBEIGN P A P B E S .

1582. 12,

22.

THE MERCHANTS ADVENTURESS to

- Whereas of late we freighted a ship with commodities from this place for London, our appointers, according to the custom among us here, went about to see all orderly cleared ; and enquiring very earnestly of the master what goods he had taken in of any not being of our fellowship, he confessed to have four small packets which he thought appertained to an'unfree man.' Whereupon they somewhat opened one, and finding that they were books, drew one of them out and brought it to our deputy; who seeing it to be a vile and ' irronius ' popish book, with the advice of the * assistants' caused the packet to be brought to our house, opened it, and inventory of a l l ' thereinclosed' was taken. And for that the intent of him that would have sent the books into England could not be other than vile and wicked, and most offensive to her Majesty's laws, we thought it our duty not only to let you understand the order by us taken, but also to send by this post—whom we gave great charge, and allowed him for his charges, to make all speed possible—one book of every sort, with a copy of the inventory, having likewise sent the like ' by long seas' per the master of the ship who had received them, with express charge incontinently after his arrival at London to deliver it to our governor, by him to be directed to you; and that the master suffer . none of his men to go on land before he has delivered the governor's letter, and understood his pleasure, in order that the sender of •. such ungodly and forbidden books might be found, imprisoned, and dealt with according to his demerits. The disposing whereof we leave to you and to the Lords of the Council's judgement. His dwelling, as we understand, is in' Botolph Lane, where he keeps a shop and sells pots and glasses. He is called John Hommerston. f Ship letter' or direction, so far as we can learn, he gave none, but said to the purser he hoped to be in England before the ship, and would himself come fetch his packets. All the search and inquiry after him that * possible could b e ' was made ; but we heard he departed last Thursday towards Calais. If he can be met with here at any time hereafter, we will employ our uttermost endeavour to apprehend and ship him over. The residue of the books we-keep here in safety till your pleasure is known, whether to send a n y m o r e over, or commit them to the fire.—Antwerp, 12 May - -•• ' 1582. (Signed) Eichard Bowdler, deputy.

:

' • •

; •

The Inventory of books found in John Billing's ship. •

. Six books in 16, bound, intituled Officium, £eat«e Maria Virginia nuper reformation et Pii V. pont. max, jusm editum f gilt about. Six others in a, greater volume, bound, of like content, gilt about. Five others in lesser volume, of like content, coloured with green. Six books in small volume, bound, intituled OMeimn divimm ad usim Jtonta &v deereta mcrosancti ConctMi tridentini

restitattm.

Three books in somewhat gpeater vdume, hound, intituled Bremrtum

Romamm

ex deoreto soerosaneti Con. Triti, restitntum. Fit V. pont max. rusto*

Thirty-two books of the smaller sort unbound, intituled Ctfjirium Beatw Maria; Vwgitris wuper rtfomatumj et Pn V. pont «i«.r./«*» rtformatum [*&].

A.D. 1582.

Eight books unbound in 4°,- with figures, intituled Offidutn JB, M. V, etc, Severn books unbound in 4o, with figures, intituled Mmtde litmamtm ex decreto stzcrosaneti Con. trid. re&ttivtum, etc,

T woi Tjooks unbound in 4", intituled Enehridicn [sie] me manuals et ponUeittium etc. auctore Martina ab Aspiloueta doctore Navarre, Six books unbound in 16o Qffiriwndivinim, aduswm Horn, eta. Six more unbound in somewhat greater volume intituled Horee beaiis&i/m virginw Maria ad mvmRmumum. Two htore intituled Preoatioraim pittrum JSnchridion, etc. Three more intituled Breviarium Jtomanum e.v decreto etc. One more intituled Missale Umianunt in folio, Fio [sic] V. pontif. max. pmtificicde Bmnanum, Seventy boohs unbound, of the smallest Volume, intit: OffiaiumB, M. V.etc. Six of the same sort and content, bound in black loathei and coloured green. Sis of the same content, but somewhat greater, and gilt. Six of the same volume and content. Twelve more of the same volume and content.

Add. Endd. Ft-om Mr Gilpvn* Popish hooks. 1 | and f pp. rHoU.andFl.XVI.il.'] May 12. . May

IS.

2 3 . Duplicate of the above. Add. Endd.; The Dep. of the Merchants Adventurers at Antwerp. [IMtf. ATI. l l ] 24.

CCUBHAM to

I have sought to do you "what service I could in the s well putting away' of the diamond; having dealt with Eseosse, merchant jeweller, according to your direction, to have his ' means' toward the king. By him I was answered that he Jmew his Majesty was certainly not in the humour to hearken after jewels; because his manner was to buy them only on occasion oi marriages and mxch like causes, Then he took up jewels without giving ready money, but upon assignations and assurance. Wheretee I eetild not in any wise persuade I'Escosse to offer the diamond to the king. I thought it therefore not amiss to ' prove ' what good hap I might have through St. Pinart's means, to whom I delivered tibe ' patron ! of lead, together with the note of the weight, reqaestiiig him that his Majesty might see and understand of i& This he has performed, and finds the king esteems it but is not desirous to buy it After this, understanding that M. »*iy». Meantone I intend aot to deal any more therein till I ^eeeite yom1 farther mmmands. Pray aeeept of my endeavors m the canee, aceording to the affection I have to be grateful* tor tte food I hope to receive by your mediation-

2£

FOEBIGN I send herewith Lord Hamilton's two letters, by which you will perceive his earnest entreaty to have his pension. He has sent me by the mouth of his servant new protestations of his faithful meaning towards her Majesty. He is for the present gone towards the baths at Lorraine very privately, intending to return about the middle of next month.—Paris, 13 May 1582. Add. cmd Endt. gone. 2 ##.

[France VII. 71.]

•

Enclosed in above i April 27.

2 5 , LORD JOHN HAMILTON to COBHAM. I have sent this bearer to you with some credit to deliver to you; whom please trust as myself. I am sorry to trouble you continuously -with my 'adois,' but I promise you you shall in recompense have me ever ready to obey you. Because of his sufficiency I will not trouble you with a longer letter,—Moret, 27 April 1582. P.8.—Pray let me understand [sic] such messages ae I have sent to you sundry times, and that I may now have an answer to this, directed to my lord secretary, whereby I may perdeive her Majesty's meaning towards me. Adtl. Endd: Received the 7th of May, by Gonyngham; and in England. Scottish, f p. \IUd. VII. 72.J •

May

13.

26.

WALSINGHAM to COBHAM.

Her Majesty understanding that du Vray, whom Monsieur had dispatched to the king his brother, to remove the impediments that stay the going forward'of the marriage, was returned, and yet hearing nothing from Monsieur of the answer he. had received on that behalf, began to take it in ill part that he should so long defer to acquaint her with the matter, and therefore by her letters charged him withal; letting him understand that this manner of dealing eould not but proceed from some change of his good will and professed aifection towards her, whereby the world would be drawn to conjecture that his coming over did not tend so much to seels her person as to crave her money. Upon this Monsieur has dispatched M. de Baequeville to her, to let her understand that in very deed the answer he had received by du Yray wag not to his liking, which was the cause he had so long deferred to make her acquainted with it. He hoped that in time he might have been able to draw the king to relent in the matter. 1'or his own part, as all his actions had always witnessed how much • he desired the marriage, having left nothing undone which he thought might serve the obtaining of it, so he remained the same man still, as he would make known to her at all times and in all occasions that should be offered. He desired nothing more than that the marriage which he has so long and earnestly sought may . be brought to pass; in furtherance of which Baequeville requested to understand of her Majesty whether she could not be content you. should in her name assure the king of the performance of the

ELIZABETH.

28

A..D. 1582. marriage in ease the impediment that remains now undetermined were taken away; lor so little effect had followed of the Commissioners1 negotiations, and of the travails of divers other ministers heretofore employed in the matter, as also of the Duke's own coming over here in person, that he could not otherwise he persuaded the marriage would take place. To this she made answer that she might not for her own sake take that course, in respect both of her quality and her sex, which would give occasion to those that are inclined to make the worst construction of things interpret that to he as it were a kind of wooing of Monsieur. He then requested that she would yield so far in the matter as that if the king should send to you, you might ' resolve' him that the impediment being taken away, the marriage should go forward. Herein her pleasure is that you shall make answer, upon any such motion to he made to you by the king, as you have already done by directions from hence; that the impediment heing taken away, her Majesty-for her part does not at present know any other cause of delay in the matter of marriage. Draft; in hand of L. Tomson, Endd. with date. 2j>». [Franca .F//.7S.] May 18.

2 7 . Qn&m to L. TOIISON. Since the •writing of my letter sent this morning by ouv post, one of the chief traders or • doers' from this town into our country came to me with great aBhanation and protestations that nil their merchants had done their uttermost endeavour unto the magistrates to procure some speedy resolution for her Majesty's contentment; and for that Tapdei* "Werke, author of this new question about the repartition, is the chief oppoaer of what was heretofore intended, and grounds himself ttpon the agreement passed at the Hague, which ae he says was only that the four provinces should by provision disburse half year's interest, and afterwards at the nest meeting another order to be fey ilmo. taken, the merchants would gladly see the copy of that agreement, promising that if they found it not eonditional, they w a k l use all means possible to obtain gneh answer from the magistrates m reason required, earnestly beseeching that *tbe whitest' no extremity might be used against their persons or their goods, seeing there was no fault in them. To this effect I promised to write, adding also thaSiif so yr&m, they are not bound further tlian for b.alf-a-year} and so might * more cavil.* Assuredly in the bond for the principal &e provinces were Tbo*m& generally and partseulariy, so that hex- Majesty with good right might deal with any at hst pleasure 5 which she would be forced to ao to meets their dilatory exceptions, and cufe off all trouble of further suite and Mayad answers. Whereupon he reetufeed sight of th«feoa&ts,whieh I mm not* and thereipi'ft ti-msfcig by insisting n p n the teatlsrs to draw ere long some better and more * resolute' aa»eers ee«M msh I kadi copies of the boM^ aad agreew.0n.te mim the following of &© cause passed from the States; which. I b&A not mm& my

&4 A.D.

FOREIGN PAPEKS. 1582.

' travail' into Germany, when I left them all with Mr Governor, and cannot call time to remembrance when they are bestowed. _ Therefore if the pains be not too great let them be sent to me or to Mr Longston, for they will, I trust, serve to good purpose.— Antwerp, 13 May 1582. Add. EnM. by L. Toinson: This answered 20. Use- it to benefit; beware deceit. Copies sent withal; atul in another later hand: N.B.—The endorsement is Mr Thomson, See?" to Sir Fr. Walsingham. typp. [HoU. and FU XVI. 12,]

May

18.

QS.

HEBLE to WALSINGHAH.

I have presumed to write you sundry letters since my abode here, being very loath to become tedious to you, where my interest was and is to do you any service I can. I pray you .therefore humbly to vouchsafe me three lines again, whereby I may understand whether my letters are come to your hands, and what you are inclined to do in so eharitable an act as I have often commended to your good favour touching the cause that ' suspends' between Mr Wadeand me. I am loath truly to trouble you, specially with importunity, whom I esteem to be my good patron and friend, as I never desired otherwise at your hands, whatever might have been conceived of me otherwise; which I commend to your bwn wise judgement, and to your trial of my actions, that shall he prompt to make proof of my duty and affection borne you. And this is all that I have to move your goodness, in, seeing that I crave your good countenance here, which shall be so bestowed that your honour and service shall receive contentment thereby. Here is a poor man, P. Bizarre, that writes a letter to you, and humbly desires, if your weighty affairs permit, that you will vouchsafe him an answer. .Yesterday the ordnance that has come from Tournay to Oudenarde was 'imbarked' and was to be placed today in the trenches, the Prince of Parma being there in person. They have but two places to batter by land, and ' i t is' two gates, which have two strong bulwarks before them. If they mean to have a battery by water, where indeed the wall is low and weak, they may then within the town [sie] discharge so mueh water downwards that the river shall bemade shallow, unable to bear their cannon; and if the meadow be ' discovered' therewith, yet "can the ordnance not he planted on that side. Monsieur promises that his forces shall he there by the 26th of nest month. The town is of good courage and provided with victuals and munitions for a long time. ' • Prosper Oolonna is looked for as general for the King of Spain over all the forces that cbffie from Italy. The Count of Arenberg has charge M other trbopsj and the. Dukes of Brunswick and * Lowenburgh' are expected for the king's service. Monsieur's people, as the ' r a t t e r s ' and Switzers, with some French shot to join with them, are expected to go by Metz; and the

ELIZABETH. A.D.

2S-

1582 - . country of Lie'ge, to pass the 'Mose' at Stockhem, and to go by Weert.—Antwerp, 18 May 1582* Add;; Endd.

May

.

13.

29.

1 p.

[Ibid. XVL 13.].

STOKES to WALSIN&HAM,

My last to you was the 6th inst. past here.

Since then these speeches have

This week those of Oudenarde passed muster of all their soldiers and burghers in the town. Of soldiers there are 586 and of hurghers 2,000, of whom 1,200 have put themselves in arms to defend the town. The rest are old men, 'not able to do nothing.' Beside these, there are 600 peasants whom they haye made pioneers in the town. Bo the governor, M.
^

FOREIGN PA£EHS.

A.D. 1582.

to. They also say that he has taken Alaredo in Biscay.—Bruges, P.S.—I have received yours of the 5th insfc. and humbly J thank you for it. Add. Emld. l§£p. May 18.

30.

[ibid. XVI. 14.]

THOMAS DOTLEY to WALSINGHAM.

Since it has pleased our general Mr Norris to leave me in Antwerp, to deal in his affairs here in his absence, and with especial charge continually to advertise you of hia sincere affection towards you, and also the news of these quarters, I am glad by thism occasion to witness my duty to you. These therefore are to U> tha nee MM> d e Thiant llem

tZ^ A

l°

,* f

>

Ple, and la Garde

S f t A a SCa/a-d0 t h 6 t 0 ™ o f ' A h o l s t - w h i c h so muoh imported that by certain report the Prince of Parma spat blood at the 4 0 that the enemv w ld S l V r , ^ ' ™ at once nave dislodged from Oudenarde to beleaguer it before it was victualled.

J I T " ? *** Jhe, n e x t d a v ™h*i* and munition were sent in W

^ ^ ^ P ^ t h e y have continued with their whole

L ^

: mth Ut batt6lT r aay ther attempi

-

them

two

°

°

teaTOdtw, 'to give them s thou ht g * h a t * h e 15 comets and if t h e eilt **>m Oudenarde to Kamur, were reiters and tlie °Oi SWBB, the oer ainty t h e M n c e of

that S t l P a 8y? g e oudmSdT%T ^T^l ' ^rma's coming 01 d Sices 3 ^ y Wl v e V ^t ' W<*«>™1 on two sides by tS either i

?

"

m

l t l

™&^

tnmlmu of men, o* ^ e town by

came out

t0

^ o h a s long served

and attWplTnlSeS fT

« and m t0

Sml

t0

*h 8

captaSsbipl go* a J e S u i ? ^ 6 1 ' ° ! neW r e 8 i m e n t s granted, so that before they hive a n S w T neW ^ ^ ^ ^ P * ^ m u t i n y j

ve any soldiers, with quarrels and hot words. God

ELIZABETH. A.D.

27

1582. grant it be not a French device to use them as instruments of their meanings, to work some disgrace to our nation and General, being jealous of his credit in these countries. Other news we have not, of importance or credit, but only of the coming of the reiters and Swissers for the service of his Highness.— Antwerp, 13 May 1582. Add. JSndd : from Mr. Tho. Doylye, and hehnv: The letters of Audley Dannett, remaining with Jo. Noireys in Antwerp. 1& »n. [Ibid. XVI. 15.] 18-

31.

FBEMYN to WALSINGHAS:.

I received yours of the 28th ult. on the 8th hist. Yesterday our companies arrived off this town, where they are now at anchor, awaiting his Highness's orders as to the place whither we are to mareh. The regiment came from Bergen-op-Zoom, into which have entered 5 companies, 3 of Flemings, two of Scots. I presume that we shall be marched into Flanders, to join the small camp that is near Ghent, and wait for Norris's and Count William's regiments, then to try if it is possible to relieve Oudenarde, which the enemy began to batter in the outworks last Friday, and will today or tomorrow he able to batter regularly (en batter ie). The place is tenable provided those within have courage to defend themselves well. The mischief is that there are few soldiers and many burghers. Nevertheless the long delay which the enemy has made in front of the town before opening his battery will have given them good assurance, and afforded time for the most necessary provisions. Meanwhile the preparation of the army which is being raised in France gets along slowly, as does also the succouring of Don Antonio, which alarms the people of Rochelle, who have miraculously escaped the danger prepared for them last month, as you will have heard at large. In sum, the Roman Catholics have some great plan in hand to ruin and exterminate those who are opposed to their designs if God do not shortly restrain them, inasmuch as He sends the ill disposed cow short horns. Those of the Beligion, besides, are much too simple; which has pretty well overwhelmed them in France, through letting themselves be led like sheep, and especially our nobles, who were the leaders in it, and have suffered for it; which should serve for an example to those who are left. His Excellency is fairly well. His Highness goes to see Mm at the castle, where the Council is held sometimes, since his Excellency does not yet go out. Matters are not yet well settled here, A letter has been sent me from Scotland, from the king and the Duke of Lennox, to put safely into the hands of Mr Menteitn, a Scoteh gentleman who is governor to M. de Laval's brothers; he is an important (?mffiant) personage. I sent it thin morning; ami he will send me the answer, and at the same time tell me wliat they have written to him. The Princess was buried on Wednesday, in Our Lady's eh with the ceremonies and very honourably.—Antwerp* 18 May

£8 A.D

.

FOBEIGH PAPEBS.

1582 P.8.—The Duke of Lennox is in undisturbed power in Scotland, and he and the Earl of Arran are very well reconciled. Stewart is still under arrest in his house. Next Tuesday is to be decided -what to do with him. Add. Endd. Fr. 1 p. [Ibid. XVI. 16.]

May

14

32.

STOKES to WALSINGHAM.

This morning the lords of this town have received letters from Grhent of 250 prisoners of the enemy's camp brought to Ghent. They were taken in a skirmish by those of Monsieur's camp, and many beside them slain. . Further, they write that the enemy by the order of the Prince of Parma sent a trumpeter to Oudenarde to summon them, and as soon as they heard what his message was, they shot at him and slew him, which shows that they within the town have good courage, and fear not the enemy; which long may it hold.—Bruges, 14 May 1582. Add. Endd. 1 p. May 14,

33.

\JIoll and M. XVI. 17.]

COBHAM to WALSINGHAM.

After I had received in your last her Majesty's command to inform the king of her desire touching her 'indisposed' sub|ects and seminary men who have passed over into these parts in disorderly manner without her license, I sought means to have access to the king; which I had on the 4th inst. at Fontainebleau. I delivered to him the chief points of what was prescribed in your letter; and had enlarged more amply to him, but that I found him not well able to sfcaud on his feet. I was given to understand that he had that day taken a preparative and begun the entrance into his diet. So he requested me to deliver him a note of the case, which he would consider, with his mother and his Council. Howbeit, for that point he answered me he had not heard tell of the disorderly proceedings of her Majesty's subjects within his realm, nor of their placing themselves in companies in seminaries, nor of their coming over without her license. Now being advertised of it, -he will give such satisfaction as shall be to her contentment. And whereas she had advertised him to have an eye to those which should come nigh him under pretence of religion, either Jesuits or others, he thought Himself much bound for the care had of him, meaning to open his eyes to thmk so much the better to his safeguard. With that he licensed me, entering his cabinet at once, so soon as my back J was turned. Then I went to the Queen Mother, to whom I signified briefly as mueli as I had said to the king, touching the aforesaid matter, blie answered that she was sure the king would not suffer her Majesty m nt

vJlt S S

\ i° ^
^F

of the the continuance continuance of of her her eration of romised P to remind the king to have this & est J y'^subjects and Jesuits considered; with , and many other gracious words, she licensed me. '

«u

ELIZABETH.

29

1582. Incontinently afterwards, M. de la Motte-Fenelon and a'Esears accompanied me to the Queen of Navarre's chamber ; to whom I signified how in respect her coming to Court had been uncertain because it was understood the king would have first gone to Blois ™tore she had approached BO near these parts, I had not certified the Queen of her present coming, so that I had not brought with me her letters or such message as otherwise I should have done. Howbeit since the Queen had commanded me in her former letters to carry myself in all serviceable niannes towards lier husband and herself, I thought it my duty to come and do reverence to her now that she was in this Court, and let her know the Queen's good disposition to her and her husband. I besought her also to perform all good offices for the maintenance of the ancient amity between the king and her Majesty. She answered she was glad the Queen had remembrance of her husband and her, 'pretending' she would do all good offices and conform herself to her brother's mind in embracing her Majesty's amity; the more in respect she hoped she would become nigher akin to them. After I had left these princes, being still accompanied by la Motte-Jenelon, 'in his speeches he wished' the matter begun to be treated of in England when the commissioners were last there might be finished. I told him that so far as I'under stood the Queen was willing all matters should proceed to some good effect, Howbeit, there were many devices practised to trouble the amity; as lately it seemed the Pope and King Philip had contrived to send all the English Jesuits and practitioners to reside in colleges in France, to the intent they might be { at nigher hand' to convey their seditious practices into the realm, and to give some cause of mislike to the Queen's good subjects. These English Jesuits served as spies here for the Pope and King Philip; who also thought thereby to ease their own charge, and drive them to live on the contributions of his Majesty's Bubjects. I besought him to continue his sincere intention for the maintenance of the ' amiable' proceeding which has been begun. He said he was sure the king was well ' affeetionnated' her Majesty should be satisfied in all things, that no dealings might pass in his realm to her discontentment, I have 'left one of mine' to solicit M. Pinart tor the procuring ol the answer to the negotiation I passed last with his Majesty. M. la Eoque, chamberlain to the King of Xavatre, has been to me, of whom I certified in my late letter to you. He has given their Majesties to understand that the King of Navarre has commanded him first to repair into Flanders to Monsieur, and then to pass into England to her Majesty, wherewith their Majesties hold themselves content; so that M. Eoque is 'licensed' fe'om them and began Ms journey yesterday. I beseech you, since he means to repair neither to Mauvissiere nor to Marehaumoni, that he may be 'in some place intreated' by further order from yourself. He is a gentleman well accounted of by the King of Navarre. He was agent at my first coming here, for those of the Religion, and ig well known to Sir Amyas Poulet,

30

AJ>, 1582.

FOEEIGN PAPEES. ^^ herewith two Italian books, which were sent from Italy to Dr Allen, as by the letters sent herewith will appear, and two ' written books' of one Samuel Pettingall, who has delivered them to me together with a recantation and reconciliation made at Koine by him. He departs hence tomorrow, having promised me faithfully to repair to you; .which if he does, I beseech yoti to have compassion on Mm, so that through your gentle dealing others may be encouraged to repeat and return. The king has been written to by the Duke of Anjou beseeching him to 'like well' that he has thought good to request the Duke of Bouillon to repair to the Imperial Diet in Germany about his affairs. The king finds the choice very good, and likes the Duke of Bouillon to do what Monsieur requests. He ia sending M. Cochere, brother-in-law to Secretary Brnlart to the Diet, to be advertised of what passes. I am told the Duke of Guise has promised to build a college of Jesuits beside his Seigniory of Bu in Xormandy, by the seaside, and the Duke of Maine has undertaken to do as much at Maine. I am advertised that most of the ships prepared for Don Antonio's intended voyage are gone down the river of Bordeaux towards Brouage. Letters are also come to Court' how ' Count Brissac has left the coast with ships and men. The Abate del Bene is shortly to go from hence into Flanders, and in his company Captain Tommaso del Bene. The Abate has given the nuneio to understand that the Duke of Anjou means to send him to the Pope, to make declaration of his proceedings in Flandera. He has farther signified to the nuncio that the Queen is not well pleased with Monsieur's manner of dealing and settling biniBelf in the Low Countries. The Prince of Conde's brother ' this other day' took the Order of deacon from the nuneio at St. Germain's Abbey. The nuneio has dealt very earnestly with the king not to give the bishoprics, abbeys, and benefices to unfit persons, not being clergy. The king on this excused what is past 'to have' been done through the disorder within the realm, promising not to do the like hereafter, of which he desires him to assure the Pope. It is written from Lyons that the Duke of Savoy and the Pope with other Catholic princes have certainly agreed to besiege Geneva. I have desired Jackson to inform you of Mr Colson and Mr Foster's [sic] present return hither from Rome. I have also requested Mr Colson to repair to you to declare the particulars of his 'journey.'—Paria, 14 May 1582. •**•&•—The Duke of Lorraine, as I am just now informed, has put out of his state a great number of those of the Eeligion, a thing he has refrained hitherto, .

ELIZABETH.

31

A.D. 1582.

They further tell me that the soldiers in the State of Milan are beginning to march towards the parts of Geneva, saying openly they are going to besiege it. On this it seems to be a matter contrived among the princes of Italy. Add. Endd. 7 pp. [France VII. 74.] May 14.

34.

COBHAM to WALSINGHAM.

Whereas in your letter of 10 April last you wrote to me on behalf of Mr Marbury, whose unfortunate hap was such as to be spoiled at sea by French pirates, I have as you wished advertised the king of it, and he has now been pleased to grant Mr Marbury his favourable letters, directed to the governors where the pirates make their abode, for restitution to be made; which I hope may come to such good effect as will content Mm. It likewise pleased the king ' at that instant/ upon particulars which I presented concerning piracies done to the merchants of Chester, recommended to me also by you, to address letters to M. Matigmm, M. de Meilleraye, and M. de Fontaines, governors of towns whence the pirates were, to see restitution made to the merchants of Chester. These letters I offered to deliver to Mr Marbury, who as yet has no express charge or means to prosecute it. So the letters remain with me till some other express order is addressed hither by them, when I shall not fail to further their suit by all the means X can devise.—Paris, 14 May 1582. AM. May 14.

35.

E11M. i p.

[Ibid. VII. 75.]

COBHAM to WALSINGHAM.

There is come to this Court an Ahnaine gentleman, to deal in certain affairs of the Duke of Bavaria. He has addressed himself to me, and delivered me these enclosed articles, which 'pretend' a profitable manner of ' foundring' and making artillery, and means to increase salt in the boiling with less charge of fuel than is^ yet ordinarily known. These two proffers seem at first sight plausible. I beseech you to let me know what answer I shall return, and how I must proceed with, this Almaine, the propounded of these devices; toe rather because he offers, if it be thought good, that any one of these inventions will upon notice repair into England, so that reasonable consideration be had for the travail and charges. One of the masters of those devices dwells about Linz, the other at 'Eeynzbourge' on the river of * Danuby' in Austria. I await your further directions therein.—Paris, 14 May.

May y .

Add.

Endd,

I p.

[Hid. FIT. 76.]

3e.

COBHAM to [?] WABSIN

I cannot well tell how to give you sufficient thanks for your earnest joint dealing with my Lord Treasurer about my salt to hev Majesty. I find I have need of all my best friends* favours ami persuasions to induce her to ' yield' to give me relief, I am deeply

FOBEIGN PAPEBS.

m

A D 1582>

' "

sorry she has hearkened to the whispering and b ^ b i t i n g of those who have very unjuatly delivered reports, as it seems, to the prejudicing of'her iett/r opinion toward, me• Herem I have received as much money as you have answered truly in my behali. I am now again constrained, with an unwilling mind, to importune her Highness with this enclosed letter, beseeching her to make an end of that good work in bestowing that benefit she can resolve to ™ S m e . Otherwise I must presently sell such other porkon of my 'living' for 500Z, which hereafter may be worth the double value to me, and great to my discommodity and discomfort besides. I beseech you to advance my suit, and to help me out of these cases, which unfeignedly do grieve one, that I cannot have my mmd so free in her Majesty's service as were convenient. Doubting I have tired you and all my best Mends with this answer of my continual importunity, being well weaned myselt to be pressed with the necessity thereof, which, makes me iind tne place and all other things 'extreme unpleasant' to me.—iaris, 14 May 1582. IKS—I have written as earnestly as there is, methinks, cause offered me 'on that her Majesty has been informed,' having abstained for [sic] troubling her. I beseech you to supply all things with your honourable dealing in my behalf. Add, and Kndt. gone. 2 pp.

May 14.

37.

\_UM. VII. 77.]

HASINO »BL BENB to "WALSINGHAM

What I wrote you about Geneva and the Swiss is going quite otherwise than I said. So far from the Swiss having retaken the bailiwicks, the Duke of Savoy has garrisoned them, and. also at the passage of Cluses, all which things give reason _ to think that he wants to attempt by force what he could not obtain by craft. It is much to be feared from these modes of acting that many others have an understanding with him; and for my part I have always held that the patience of the Bernese might do them a good deal of harm. Nevertheless, if the other cantons, those they call Catholic, are not in this conspiracy (intelligentza), their affairs can only pass well; but there is great reason to fear it, since they are directed by a Lueernese called Pfyffer, our colonel, who at the cost of his country's liberty, has a great wish to make himself head of a party. As for us, I know not how we shall understand it, but I know well that the matter touches us very nearly. In the Court it appears that they have resolved to send M. de Bellievre to his Highness; I do not yet know what he is to treat of, but I say to myself that it is as we say the song of the birds, or as they say here, that of the rebound 0u iicoehet, i.e. the okl Btory). He will be here within two or three .days. If I can learn anything more, 1 will let you know, as I will also do if on the arrival of the Queen Mother, who it is said will be here again at the end of the •week, I can hear anything generally aboxit all matters. If the

ELIZABETH.

8g

A.D. 1582.

Queen Mother keeps her promise to me, and sends me to his Highness, I shall like it very much, both for my reputation and also in order to make the journey at the king's expense. If not I am determined to make it anyhow, being very ambitious of being buned among those who in opposing the greatness of the King of bpam are exposing their liyes to the peril of death; which thing, n* moderate account is made of me, I will do with a more resolute and constant mind than ever. If not, I will return to my poor house, to pray God for them. And as I said in my last, I hope to pass over to you yet once more before retiring to pay my respects to her Majesty, in the hope that my actions for ten years past have been and ever will be such as to blunt the edge of evil tongues, and above all, and principally, to'see yourself.—Paris, 14 May 1582. P.8.—Do me the favour to kiss the Queen's hand in my name, assuring her that no foreigner will ever be better affectioned to her than I. Those of Solothurn and of Friburg, Catholics both, are joined with the Bernese in this and in everything else; but be it how it will, if that accursed fruit (?) of diseord enters in among them, they will go amiss. Add. May

18.

.

38.

Encld. ltd.

2 pp.

[France VII. 77 bis.}

MENDOZA to the QUEEN.

I wrote a letter to the Great Chamberlain begging that your Majesty would be pleased to grant me audience. In his absence, Secretary Walsingham had it, who said he would communicate it to you. He has sent me in reply, in your Majesty's name, a message by a third person, the substance of which was that I must endure it, because the Queen eould not, consistently with her honour, give me audience. And since this point is of BO great importance, and peace or war between the two Crowns may be the result of ife, I beg your Majesty to be pleased to let me understand, for my quittance, if it is a ease of admitting me and hearing, in order that I may communicate to you the matters which concern the service of the king my master; because if not, I shall take it for a clear indication that you wish to break with him, and shall instantly advise him of it therewith, and when you give_ me a passport, I shall at onee leave England without waiting till the harquebuss-shots find me out.—London, 18 May 1582. Add. May 18.

Endd, Span. 2 pp.

[Spain I, 95.]

3 9 . Commission from the Duke of Anjou to ' messire johan, Baron de Nortz' [North] to rake 1,200 men in England, in 8 companies of 150 each, to wit, 13 officers, 3 gentlemen targeteers (mndasehiers), 47 pikemen, 12 musketeers, and 75 harquebuskrs, the most seasoned troops that he can find. They are not to be assembled at any place in Brabant or Flanders without the express permission of the Estates or Members of those provinces, but when a small number have arrived they are to be marched straight to the duke's camp wherever it may be. Nothing is to be demanded 15077

0

PAPEBS.

North is to recognise him as such; etc.— Copy, hy P. Yammkmt, notary. EmU. and Fl. XVI. 18.] May 18.

40.

Fv.

3 &>.

The DEBT to the QTJEBN.

The burgomasters and aldermen of Antwerp are grieved to hear from Mr George Gilpin that in spite of the equitable defence made

onThe part A , t i , her Majesty intends,tolevy on t h e "

their townsmen trafficking into England the interest of th sum ot £28,757 and also security for the payment of the P ™ W ™ which she is bound, on behalf of the States-General, to Jallavicmo and Spinola. In all humility they say that according to the written promise given by them to Mr Gilpin they made every possible endeavour at the last meeting of the States-General to induce them to find the means of satisfying her Majesty. And whereas owing to the great necessity of the war the States were unable to come to a decision, they have bound themselves to do so at thennext meeting, to be held about the end of July. But as to what concerns the Estates of Brabant and this town, the magistrates notwithstanding the calamitous state ot the country have busied themselves so diligently that they have ready their own share of a whole year's interest, according to the proportions fixed for the war and the defence of the country. The payment of this has been agreed to by the Council of this town as an extraordinary measure to show their goodwill and inclination to do something corresponding to the great desire they have to give her Majesty all the satisfaction possible on their part. And * n o ^8^ they would not deny the endeavours made by her ministers, and by divers assemblies, and get payment of the interest and security tor the principal, and willingly acknowledge the benefits rendered by her Majesty to all the Low Countries, the Duchy of Brabant, and this town, yet being assured that when the substance of the answers already written touching this matter has been reported to her, and when she has pondered the reasons with her wonted prudence and good nature {debonnavrete), she will be moved to find thein good and sufficient, being based not only on the customs ana privileges of the principal towns of the Low Countries, and particularly of Brabant, but also on written law, as well as reason and equity. They lmuibly beg her Majesty to accept the aforesaid quota for Brabant, in hope that at their nest meeting the States-General will find means to pay all the rest of the interest, and give security for this capital, if so be that she is not sufficiently secured. Meanwhile they cannot but declare humbly that Antwerp, not being

ELIZABETH.

35

A.D. 1582.

authorised to answer for the Estates of Brabant and still less for the States-General, they are not qualified to accept in their name any declaration, insinuation, or protestation touching the affairs of those States; still less now that the Duke of Anjou has been received as Duke of Brabant; to whom the burgomasters and aldermen will make a faithful report of the Queen's will and intention, to the end that by his authority order may the sooner be taken for her entire satisfaction. For the rest, they confide in her Majesty's kindness that the town may be excused in her eyes by the calamitous and necessitous condition of the provinces and the fact of Antwerp bearing in effect the sole charge of all the garrisons of Brabant, from a further burden of calamity and ruin and from being gradually deprived of the means not only of aiding the neighbouring towns in their extremity, but also of procuring satisfaction for her Majesty.— 18 May, 1582, 'in the presence of me, secretary of Antwerp.' (Signed) Oh. de Moy. Copy. EncU. Fr. May 18.

4 1 . " An Extract out of the Begister of the Court of Parlement of the Judgement, decreed against John Poisle, late Counsellor in the Laws, in the Massacre time a great persecutor of them of the Religion." The Court declares Mr John Poisle attainted and convicted of extortions and briberies and other matters mentioned in the criminal process; and for satisfaction thereof condemns him to make honourable amends on both his knees, bis head bare and 3iis hands joined, all the chambers of judges being assembled in the great Chamber of Parlement, and in presence of all to declare that rashly, injuriously and maliciously he has committed those extortions and briberies, and that he asks God merey and the king pardon. And we banish him out of the Prevost [sic] and Yiscounty of Paris during the space of five years and declare him unable to hold any estate under the king, condemning him in the sum of 500 crowns forfeited to the king to be bestowed on the reparation of the Palain, and 200 crowns more to the poor, and declare Ids office of counsellor ' coniisked' to the king, and condemn him to pay the eoste of &e process.—18 May 1582. Translation. 78.]

May

19.

2 pp. {Holl. and Fl, XVI. 19.]

42.

EniM. in hand of Lisle Cave. J }>. {France VIL

WALSINGHAM to GILMN.

I perceive by the letter you wrote to the Governor tnat the States hold on their accustomed coiirae of delays, so that small or no hope is to be looked for of any good from the friendly travail taken with them. Therefore as a matter now desperate, you will not need to use any great instance towards th*mi, more fltati for fashion's sake to keep it in breath, and that they may in somo yiirt understand from time to time how unkindly their dealings mi taken at her Majesty's hands. For further demonstration of this,

FOREIGN PAPERS.

g6

L to have no farther r e c e d e than to them ' as at whose oriy • £ n d 8 ' she looks for satisfaction;, smce they can ;vith moxe expedition and ease provide for their indemnity from the lejt.ot the States than she can, as by effects appears. As ^ o m e °imy former letters, so I again pray you to have a care to i n t o l ^ / ° ™ * when any rich ship comes from thence for these parts, and theieof give me speedy and secret notice, that order may BO be taken for her Majesty's satisfaction.—Greenwich, 19 May 1582. Draft in land ofL. Tommn. f p. On hack mi address out) of a letter to the King of Denmark. \JIoll. mid M. X*1. Slay 20.

4 3 . STOKES to "WALSINGHAM. My last to you were the 13th and 14th. This week all things have been still in these parts. So that there are few speeches to write save these. It is given out here that Bouchain, by some seeret accord with those of Cambray,has yielded the town to them for Monsieur's use. Also there is speech of some hope that Yalenciennes will not be long out of Monsieur's hands; and withal they say that Mons in ! Henogo ' has this week refused to take certain horse and foot into the town, which the Prince of Parma sent thither upon some niisliking that he has of those there. Sundry speeches go here of the enemy's eamp, which all come from Ghent; whence some write that the enemy's camp has planted 17 cannon against Oudenarde and looks for 10 pieces more. Bome write that none is yet planted, and that all their great pieces still lie in boats on the water; so that the magistrates of this town have as yet no certain advice of their dealings there. But ere long they will be known and seen, for by report victuals and forage are so scant in their camp that they must make their matters there short, or else must depart. Bat the wisest sort here think and fear they have some other matter in hand than to besiege Oudenarde, for their lying there is strange to all men, * and to do nothing.' This week one came from Oudenarde with, letters to Ghent, wherein they write they are of good courage and fear not the enemy for these 8 or 4 months, and that they have made great fortifications in the town for their defence, so that it seems it is in very good care; God continue it. The Duke of Brabant's camp still lies under Ghent, where the euemy two days ago gave them the bon jour, and they made skirmish long together, to the greater loss of the enemy's side, who

ELIZABETH.

3?

A.D. 1582.

were forced to retire as fast aa they could, and were followed and driven home into their camp. ' The speech is left' in this town, by some Frenchmen that came this week from France, and are gone to Ghent to the camp, of four ensigns of foot by four sundry French captains, that they had gathered hi Picardy by orders from Monsieur when he was in England; and when these four ensigns were full and ready to march, M. de Creveeceur, Governor of Pieardy, with the peasants of the country, fell upon them and slew them all. These Frenchmen reported further that the army that is prepared in France with the navy of ships that is noised to be for the aid of Don Antonio, it is thought will go to Scotland; and that these men will be embarked about' hable neff [qy, Havre JJeufj or thereabouts, and M. de Brissac is their general,—Bruges, 20 May 1582. Add, May

20.

44.

Endd, 2 W '-

\Iloll. ami FL XVI. 21.]

GTLPIN to WALBINGHWI.

I have delayed these two or three posts to answer your letter, upon hope of some better satisfaction from this town to her Majesty than I had, or as yet can receive. "Which having hitherto failed, rather than incur any ' construction ! or doubt of say usefulness to obey, and endeavour all my duty in her service, I thought it best to advertise of my proceeding and ' success,! In nay letters to Mr Tomson, dated the 6th, 7th, and two of the 13th insi I wrote how I dealt, and what then passed and hoped [sic], to which I r refer me.' Since then, on Friday morning last, taking with me Beynold Copcott as witness, I had audience in the ' college/ and there, after demand of payment for the whole year's interest, showed what I had sundry times propounded and required, and their answers both in writing and by word ; yet nothing to have followed; so that it could not but move very great and just discontentment. If they now brought a new device, to question about the proportion that each province was to pay, it would little prevail to indifferent judgements for their excuse, but force her Majesty to leave the suit for the interest, and begin with the principal, which none of the provinces could exempt or free itself of, bemg bound generally and particularly. I therefore wished them to leave <s& those objections or disputes, and simply to deal tor the best maintaining and keeping of their friends and credit. hen I appearing was b after the customary protestations, assured that t y had done, did, and would do what in them lay: and for m nuuth as imported their (juota or part, it was ready whenever 1 or my thereto 'committee!5 would receive it. And because they hadUM*1 all endeavours this last meeting of the BtateB-Gaieral nuA cauU not finally procure the answer they hoped but the d e »1 1< * a o u was deferred to their nest assembly m July, ^ J ™^* Majesty would hold them excused, and considering the ™»ff* their country is in, not interpret all to the wast, ami deal by

FOREIGN PAPEBS.

S8

.

1582. extremity, which answer, or to the like effect, they promised should be, and so I think will be, delivered or sent me in writing. If I receive it, you shall be sure to have it hereinclosed. Touching the receipt of the money offered, I conferred with Mr Longston and Beynold Oopcolt and resolved next week to receive it upon reckoning, how much or little soever it be ; with reservation of her Majesty's rights and no prejudice to them any way. I trust and beseech you to accept of my travail, letting me or Mr Longston know ( per' the first your pleasure.—Antwerp, 20 May 1S82. AM

May 21.

Endd. lj^jj.

[Ibid. XVI. 22.]

4 5 . FRANCISCO DE yEraiio to GASPAB DB AIASTKO. I mote to you these days, and at this moment I have just received yours of the 6th inst, by which I was glad to hear ol your good health, which our Lord preserve, and give you good success in all your affairs. For the rest, the grief _ su&ces which remains with us from the death of Antonio, upon which 1 will speaK no more, since God ordained it so, and after all he died m His service. And since he actually carried out this enterprise, it seems to me his Majesty is bound to do something towards his debts. 1 have marvelled very much at what you write to me, that in having remained in Antwerp he was blinded by covetousness; because it seems to me, and is the truth, that he had nothing to be covetous about, when you remained with the losses incurred m a different position, to he able to remain settled (entahlado) in his business. I do not want to talk of it any more, for there is no need. The consolation you give me is what I hope ; he is enjoying heaven, having died as he did. For the rest, as concerns .myself, I am satisfied. You wish me all good, and will do what you can for me, as you write. But after that I say that I understand you to write differently and with more will than you perform; principally in regard to the things that have happened, and if in respect to the things that have happened Ms Majesty fulfils his promise to you, as I do not doubt, and that with the resources and the favour which he says, you will have an opportunity three times over (?) to help me and the other brothers in many things. And besides all this, you would intend, by what you so kindly wrote, that I should be furnished with what remains due to me; principally because I understand that you have an opportunity of being able to do it, and further because you are hound for many reasons, if only for the good will I have borne and shall always bear to your affairs, to settle with me before any other. You will have to take order to furnish it to me at once, that I may comply with my honour, and satisfy my creditors, without writing me. I tried to recover it from Yenables and Co., who although they owe you a larger sum, shufHed over it (?) and it will be a big job to recover it, until you take order in your affairs and eome to terms with your creditors. So I entreat again, with all possible affection, kindly to furnish me with the aforesaid, and if it were possible, with what you owe me, which is as I have advised. The aesount of the wheat will if possible go with this, and if not,

ELIZABETH.

m

A.D. 1582.

by the first opportunity that there is now; because if the (piettm) whom they have dispatched from Calais with your things want to return, I do not know if he will be able to do it. The bills for the £2,008 left for payment to John Dinguens I do not pay them, and so they returned protested. I do not know why you say they have been paid at Antwerp, since it appears to the contrary. I have paid them with other peopled money, and they have lent it me, to do good work lor me, and that I might comply with iay honour. I procured it, understanding for certain that you -will furnish me at once with this and the rest that you owe me, which I equally owe to others; and that I may pay them, as is reasonable, I beg you not to fail to furnish me with it, for if you do otherwise it will come very inconvenient to me, and the recovering it here from those who owe it to you, as I gay, will be a big job. I have had much give and take with Stephen Nunez, because he would not pay me the rest of what he owed me on the rebated corn, the £4,408 of the credit note which he sent me, unless I gave him security that at Lisbon there would be no stay, and when I had done what I would with the ambassador and other Mends who interfered in the matter, he accepted my bill upon protest, and has paid it and then they have given me the money here, but he always has an appeal against me if they make any stay at Lisbon. He abated me £78, and so much from the salary of the man wlio went in search of the wheat, because he did not wish to pay them, saying he did not owe them. I shall take steps to recover them, whereby you will not be my debtor for them and the rest, nor under obligation, if you found any intention in me to leave you. I quite believe he will have no difficulty at Lisbon, for I understand there is none up to now, having effected the arrival of the ship j God grout it be so. In Antwerp I understand you have a much greater debt than you said, and the bills which you say you hold for the recovery of it, your owners will have sent powers, and will have recovered them. You say further that yon have written for them to inspect your papers and your books, that you may conclude mtli them. It is very well; but as to my going thereat present, after what has happened, and seeing the manner in which the people there are going on, it would be at the great risk of my life, for BO far as their kindness went, it would not be much. When things get clear and you, as is to be believed, you wUl have money m V^W, aiuntun it, and with the assistance of friends you will be able to aid me. But at present it seems to me it would not be prudence to «o tlusre, and BO you must kindly procure me another stseure ronilw av>m myself of. Look what poor Antonio suffered far mvinfi <>
• <

FOBEIGN PAPEBB. '

I dislike speaking evil of anyone, hut I cannot in reason abstain from saying what I think. Basiirto, heing debtor to Martinez and Zubianr for a large sum of money, gave his accounts, tally two vears ago, as God knows, with a large debt. Peter Martinez, at his departure, and that of others, from hence, left them to Zubianr. It seems to me and to others out of all -reason. He and Peter Martinez are the cause of much mischief and loss; and if it was so that they were lacking in property, as appears by Basurto s account, they must have cheated Zubiaur. What you owe to Basurto, which is a hill for 460 rs. (?) which you gave, and which I think you have not as yet fully paid, it will be well for you to write him, as may you have done, to put it to the account of Martinez and Zubiaur, as I said, since he owes them a larger sum. I have already advised you what is going on, and about the contracts (?) for hollands which you shipped in the vessel of Eilipe Dorio. One of these days we will send to Ireland, where they tell us there is part of this property in the hands of a certain gentleman, and take steps to remove it. And since, as I wrote, Basurto took possession of the power of attorney which you sent for that purpose, send another at once, revoking the former, for me, and that I may be able to substitute .for the other if necessary; and Basurto can put what you owe him to the account of Martinez and Zubiaur, since he owes them money. Diego di Guemes was not long away from here, he went to return at once. Till I get another letter from you, and an answer to what I wrote to the said persons, I shall not move from here. Meanwhile I beg that what is due to me may he furnished to me. I beg you to give my respects (vessamanos) to the Paymaster (el Pagador). If I had understood what is written to me I would not have worried yon with this letter, which please send to Ambrosio Pasena. It concerns a friend to whom I should like to give pleasure, and so I should be glad if he got it. Let one of your servants have charge of it.—London, 21 May 1582. P.S.—Zubiaur is writing to you, to whom I refer you. His only intention is to satisfy you and the others, and if he winds up his business well, he will be able to pay all. Herewith I send the account of the wheat, and that which I have with you. For the rest, there is owing to me what you think good, bend ami Bupply it to me for God's sake without fail. You are under obligation to do it, for if I had not advised you on March 9, when it was understood here that the affairs of Pedro Martinez were m a bad way, you would have had no ground for leaving Antwerp, since others might have known it as soon, and everyone would have come along wanting to be paid. Add. EnM, in Walsingham's office. Sjian. 3 pp. [Spain L 96.]

ELIZABETH.

41

1582. Enclosed in above :

4 6 . The "account of the wheat" referred to: being 700 quarters shipped for Lisbon in the Tliomas Akin, Richard Guibes (?Gibbs) master. £ s d Paid to Christopher Davene of Narfoc (? Norfolk) for700qrs. . . - 883 15 0 Paid to Francisco Tasais who was present at the lading, for costs of planks, blocks and nails for staving his grain, keep of himself and horse for 49 days, and travelling expenses and salary 27 17 10 Carriage of his letters from Yarmouth, etc. 1 8 0 For 20 nobles (?) given to Andrew Boper, servant to Christopher Davene, who got the business arranged, and he was promised some gratuity (fientilesa), and elaims this sum, though it has not been paid up to now, and I shall try not to do it, but I charge it on the chance for the good of the account {tpar si a huena qitenta) 6 18 4 For the provision of £870 2». to which this account amountSj at 2 per cent, though more is usual in the case of wheat 17 8 0 Total ~£B87 U 2 For which sum I make Senor Aiiastro my debtor. [Other accounts follow, raising the liability to 451,158 8s. lid. Besides the persons mentioned in the letter, oectir the names of Biehard Ireland, John 'Heitaen,5 Augustin Graffina. The latest date is 17 Mareh.] Spanish. May

23.

47-

3 j>j>.

[SpoiR I. 96a.~]

MATJVISSI^B2 to WALSIN&HAII.

It ia a thing not to be separated from ambassadors to importune Secretaries of Btate, especially not from me who hold this charge, which I declared to you in Prance I cannot take without your advice and assistance. For this reason if I done anything of any avail, you will be the cause of it. I send you a packet for the Queen of Scots. It ia lot a fortnight past full ol rhapsodies, which have come from frmiee. In bar last dispatch she charges me to bid you remember lifer; tltu further she went forward, the more she recognised you to be a sincere iuM honest man, as she knew Mr Beale to be in the matter of which she had to treat with him. She thanks you both, and begs you to continue. She has also charged me to thank you p&rlHmiarly for the doctors whom you caused to be mni to her, imtfcing ihtit ability («)•(«) and experience as highly as posaiblu. 8m rnnAa me word that whatever religion they may be of she fuids tboiit mmt,^ men ; so that I see she is well content with them. HUe still awaits permission to send into Scotland. It shall be when the Q

42

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

pleases, whose hands I beg yon when you have opportunity to kiss for a e , and assure her that I have no greater regret than to be unable to serve her. If I can do nothing better, I will by the help of God maintain a good amity between the king my master and her, and between their subjects. As for the ships about which I wrote to you, of which more than 80 are in the ports and havens of this realm, I will Hay no more, knowing' that you require no spur in just and reasonable causes. I am much pressed for the ships of those poor people who are here, and that called I'Hermine of Brest, which has been taken by MiHenry Knollys, with a great quantity of cloths and apples from Britauny. The ship is rotting and going to ruin at Hampton, and the poor children and wife of the man who went mad and died in pursuing the ease are starving, and daily importuning the king and his Council. As regards the little Englishman called Nicolson whom my wife has chosen as tutor, she begs you," if he has not been in fault towards the Queen and the laws of England, to give liim permission to go to seek her and her son. If he has done any wrong, he asks for no^ lenity, and I would myself procure his punishment, I will not ask you to give other than just and reasonable order in this matter.—London, 23 May 158*2. Add. Endd. Fr. May 24.

48.

'dpp.

\_Fmme VII. 79.]

HOHATIO PALLAVICINO to "WALSINGHAM.

I did not think it worth while to write to you before I had something substantial to tell you. Now I may say that by the last letters from Italy I have heard with much displeasure that at Borne they have imprisoned Signer Prospero Spinola, my singular and almost only friend ; having first examined him on my brother's affairs and mine. Since they have thus unexpectedly detained him, I hold it for a very bad sign. God grant they may not trouble him more grievously, for he would of a certainty be much to be pitied. These letters further inform me that at Rome they are expecting news from Naples and from Malta, in which places it appears that some Englishmen are prisoners. Questions have been asked me in this Court also about these particulars from Naples, which makes me think there is some suspicion of something, about which I am sure that my correspondents cannot speak, and I greatly desire to know what it is. On my arrival here I begged the king and Queen Mother for their favour towards my brother's cause. I gave them her Majesty's letter, m conformity with which they have shown all readiness to write, and to send some one on purpose to solicit on his behalf, as I desired, to put more vigour into the business. Having made my loquest 1 offered to bear the expenses, and so things stand at expedition is being made, and I think the man will be J f 8 ! ° ™ l servant toM. M. de Mauvissiere. God grant g S T t ? y B 6 r v e t 0 S e t m y h o n s e out ol trouble. II at Paris to hear how it turns out, and also to learn if my

43

ELIZABETH.

brother at Genoa will come to Lyons, as I have asked him and much desire. M. Lansae in this Court has asked me several ^ e s , and with signs of good affection, concerning her Majesty's health ; ^ t o - d a y heSde,iregd me to dmemth him, where on many « o n ^ ^ very honorable words he 'showed' to be much at her semce, whereof it seems right to inform you. In conclusion I beg you to kiss her Majesty's hands forme; whose!^devSXerv a nU y remain.-Pontainebleau, 24 May 1582. Add. May

25.

49.

Endcl. Ital

I p.

[France VII. 80.]

FBHDBBICK VAN SAK» to WALSINGHAJI.

It is two years and more since I ^ ^ useful and necessary m my « F ^ n for the p ^ ^ J and because I have been hindered from• t ^ f J ^ l S t h a t a this work, it remains uneffected But it appear " » n of such importance, or what depends on it well- woun^,

understood}does not deserve ^

a

woA

J ^ ^ o ^ f ^ h L

any

pelpetual praise, apart from the grBat u M ^ J * £ * ^

,

you that her Majesty, by putting it mto •execu^ , expense to herself or burden to her rabjeote, m ^ therefrom to herself, and to Jiei pooi » J

^ ^

.t

letters of safe-

that we shall wholly content her. The bearer of this, Edward Eliot> whatever he may say from me by 25 May 1582.

May 26.

50.

COBHA.

to W A I ^

Tl,Bam

t0

• These other days past' I ™ « ££& £ & ££\\V4o4l findm mee «**? l fid «**?

know if he might come to me. I ^ ^ ~ a t ^ e when I w to see him. Bo he resorted fc» n«> * g « ^ n o t t I j e n hear •impeached' with other company,, fie»™ to m e a g s l l i i ; what he would say. Ttawtee thisweek b e e ^ jfl when he first began to ' d d n a gj» mj J ^ ^ t 0 ^ that ho owed to her Majesty he thought it his pai* ^ ^ te( t 0 i h t show how the cause of his coming an^iauo ^ m( might

his extreme grief, as he 'j^jntaU

44

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D. 1582.

, . , him to think that the Earl of Leicester would not proceed against him in such-manner as he rehearsed, at the Council table, m respect of any particular offence to himself; hut rather it_ might be well deemed that he had discovered some indisposition m him 'intended' towards her Majesty, or the state, though it wasnot plainly imputed to him. Wherewith I also wished him to continue his dutiful zeal towards her Majesty, being her sworn household servant, and that he might abstain from delivering speeches to the prejudice of the aforesaid lord. Moreover, because he had been at Rheims and purposed to return 'thither, I told him I doubted he was become ' affeetionnated' to the Pope's traditions; which he confessed. Upon these words there passed some little conference on the point of the Pope's ' supremesi,' and of their mass; wherein it appeared he was carried more with the traditions and persuasions than with foundation of doctrine. I therefore exhorted him to read the Testament for his better instruction; wherewithal he presented me with a new-translated Testament of Rheims, brought with him, ag I suppose, on purpose, which I send you herewith. Lastly, I earnestly requested him, though he was gone out of the way, that he would forbear to. put himself into the society of the malicious, whereby he might stir up her Majesty's further just indignation. He promised to ' stay his betaking himself any way,' and await the answer to the letters he said he had written to the Queen and some of her. Council. He informed me, notwithstanding, that' living' had been offered him. I have thought it convenient to certify thus much briefly to you, as also to.beseech you that.the Earl of Leicester may know of it, if it seem convenient. I doubt the gentleman is very far carried with the 'opinion' of papistry, with all that belongs thereto.—Paris, 26 May 1582. Add. Endd. 9&pp. [France VII. 81.]

May 26.

51.

R. LEJIACON to WALSINGHAM.

Having just received a line from one of my friends, dwelling on the eoast of Prance, I prefer rather to err by importunity in writing to you than by negligence in saying nothing. Here then are some words from his letter, of some importance: " Meanwhile we have no longer any doubt that this preparation is against Scotland (Caleda)i), and that some of the chief men there are in the game. God aispel all evil counsels both there and here." The bearer iuWs by word of mouth that the powder lately sent has arrived and been received in Scotland, that the fleet was almost assembled at Brest, and that there is a secret rumour that the King of Portugal haa a promise from the Queen of Scots. That is what they say and write to me; you will examine and make use of it, as you please.—London, in your little house.—26 May 1582. Add. Endd•: Prom Monsieur Limason. Fr. f p. llUd. VII. 82.]

ELIZABETH. A.D.

1582.

May

26.

52.

.

4B

PBWIO DB ZXTBIATIB to WALSINGHAM.

As I have mentioned to you before now, I have been two years in this kingdom taking steps to recover the damages done by Francis Brake, and now I understand that until Antonio del Castillo arrives, and comes to a conclusion with the long on the points put forward by her Majesty, nothing can be done about this business. Antonio del Castillo gave me to understand the same, that I should wait till he sent his Majesty's answer. To pay what I owe the merchants here, and my expenses, and to have something to spend in this country, I beg you to stand ray friend with the Queen, that she may order them to give me =610,000 or ^12,000 on account of what Francis Drake holds, and I shall remain obliged to you for this kindness. I beg you also, in reference to the licence which you gave me for three months, which expires within 8 days, to give me another, that I may be at liberty till I have finished and completed the business in which I am engaged. Add. 27.

ETUM.

with date. Span. | jt,

[Spain I. 97.]

5 3 , gTOEEs to WALSINOHAM. My last to you was the 20th, since when the magistrates have received these speeches. The Governor of Bouchain with the captains and soldiers has delivered the town to them of Cambray for the use of Monsieur, who has given them 12,000, French crowns amongst them for a reward, and has ' entered ' 400 French soldiers into it, to the great misliking of the enemy. Since the yielding of Bouehahi, those of Cambray and Bouchain together have taken a strong castle called ' LaLaynne' [Lalaing] which stands within a mile and a half of Douay, The loss of these two places in those parts has put the enemy in great feat. Count Lalaing lies now at Valenciennes, to which town the Prince of Parma sent soldiers this week for its better safeguard. But they of the town would not receive them, saying they have no need 0! them. It is said also that 2,000 reitera have arrived beside Cambray, awaiting the rest of Monsieur's forces from France, who it is hoped will shortly be there. This week, with great trouble and mueh ado, the enemy has mounted 25 cannons against Oudenarde,' at which doing ltlwa cost the lives of three of their principal captains aiul many of then* best soldiers, whom those within the town slew with ta g a t * artillery. Since then they have 'made some proof with thep battery to make a breach, which they find to small purpose. t ho they are forced to remove half those pieces over a water into

46 AJ>.

FOEEIGN PAPERS. 1582. another place, where they now are planting them, being something far from the town ; so it ia hoped they mil little prevail there. Also, by letters from Ghent, the enemy want gunpowder in their camp, for which cause the Prince of Parana went to sundry towns in Artoia and ' Henogo ' to send as mach aa they could spare ; 'who have made answer they are loath to disfurnish their towns of it. Notwithstanding, they have sent some; but it is very little, to tho great discontent of the Prince of Parma. In the enemy's camp there ia a discord between the Prince of Parma, the Marquis of Bisbourg, and M. de Montigny about the coining of the camp before Oudenarde, which is the doing of Biabourg and Montigny only, and altogether against the will and mind of the prince, who from the beginning always niisliked that enterprise. The prince has therefore made protest against them that if anything chance otherwise than well, it will be laid to their charge. This week strait proclamation was made in all places in Flanders under the government of Monsieur, that no person shall have any dealings ' to nor fro' with the enemy of merchandise or victuals nor any other Mnd of thing whatsoever, on pain of great punishment and forfeit of all their goods. This will trouble the enemy very much; but if the French king make not the like ' defence' at Calais and so along the French frontiers, this ' defence ' here will be as much as nothing. The Scots here ' give it out' of troubles in Scotland, and that the Lord Dobignie' of Scotland has all the strong towns and castles in hia hands and keeping .that lie on the sea-coast. Also at Dieppe in Prance there was a Scotch ship laden very lately with gunpowder. 1

In Prance there are three sorts of speeches of the army that is prepared there. Some say it is to go into Portugal to the aid of Don Antonio, some, that it is to go against Eoehelle, and most, that it will go to Scotland. It is also said here that the Duke of Guise has shipped at ' liable neffe' or thereabouts 14 or 20 great horses, which he has sent for a present to the Scots king and other nobles in Scotland. The King of Navarre has sent an ambassador to the Duke of Brabant, who passed through this town four days ago. His name is M. de la Bocque, and it is said that from thence he ! returns ' into England. Further, the speech here is that one M. de Bellievre, a French gentleman, is on the way towards these parts, sent as ambassador from the King and Queen Mother to the Duke of Brabant; and that he will continue here with his Highness.—Bruges, 27 May 1582. Add, Endd. 2J#p.

[Holl. and FL XVI. 28.]

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582. May 28.

54.

47

COJIHAM to WALSINGHAM.

. u V ? ^ - a s l>em t o m e b y t h e ] d n S > s command, and tells me that his Majesty has considered the information delivered at my last audience, and has made enquiry, but cannot find any such bull of the Pope's as I certified him of, published in print within this realm. As for the declarations I made of the contributions given in this kingdom to the English seminary-men and priests, the king is informed only that some Englishmen had recommended the other English priests and scholars to the Bishop of Paris, using his means towards the rest of the clergy for obtaining their relief in the -way of alms; which gathering did not succeed greatly to any purpose. J

The king ' willed' H. G-ondi further to declare to me that he would not permit any action to pass within these dominions to the discontent of her Majesty, being disposed to entertain her amity by all manner of ways. This "was all I received in answer to the last negotiations I passed with the king. It seems to be of no essential effect for the satisfying of her Majesty. I delivered M. Gondi some of the books and pamphlets which the seminary Englishmen had caused to be printed with the lung's privilege, that he might show them or send them to the king. M. Pinart the other day at Fontainebleau told my servant whom I employ in my causes in the Court that M. Mauvissiere had lately written 'at two sundry times together' that her Majesty was very much inclined to the marriage with the Duke of Anjou; and that latterly he had further certified the king that the Queen had sent me her commands to ' deliver some certainty' concerning the matter. My servant besought M. Pinart to write to me of it but he excused himself; he had then present affairs which hindered him._ I had heretofore given command to my sen-ant to request M. Pinart to write his mind in those causes which in my sort directly concerned her Majesty, since I have found by experience how often these French councillors forget willingly what they say, or upon better advice sometimes deny their words. So I have abstained from making answer to those speeches of M. Pinart to my servant, seeing he did not declare that the king would have any repair to him to deal with me in any matter; observing herein the commands I received in your last letter, which imported only that if the king should treat with me in the cause of the marriage I was to answer as I had received instructions. They have advertised me from this Court how it is given out that the Queen had sent word to Monsieur she was disposed to the marriage, which he then by message ami letters pressed her to. But the Queen perceiving his resolution waxed cold and deaf 121 hearkening to the consummation of it. Bo the king and his mother being informed hereof have said she Horn not deal sincerely, and did not love him, nor help him for any other respect but to serve

48 X.J>.

FOEEIGN PAPERS. 1582. (defoyte) [sic;?] against the Spanish king and to be revenged. I beseech yon this my report of advertisement may not turn me to blame; for I can assure you there was more ' delated,' and the tumour was raised in this town of the new motion of marriage. The papists report that the league between her Majesty and King Philip is to be renewed through the negotiations of Don Bernardino Mendoza, whose servant passed from Spain towards England last week.—Paris, 28 May 1582. Add. Endd. 8 pp.

May

28.

55,

[France VII. 83.]

FREMYN to WAISINGHAM.

Being upon my departure for the camp, I would not fail to recall myself to your favour and tell you that his Excellency is in good health and disposition at present. He has been coming to ' Court to visit his Highness these three days. Yesterday his Highness tilted at the ring, where his Excellency was present, and a great number of people, to see the sport. His Highness had the gates opened to the people while he was tilting. There was an enterprise by our side upon a place, but it -was not executed, owing to difficulties which were discovered, and caused the expedition to be deferred to another time. The enemy remains before Oudenavde. He has not yet battered it en batterie, but fired some stray shots (coups perdms) into the town. He is very strongly entrenched between the town and us, and is making a great provision of fascines to fill up the ditch, which he will not find easy to do. No one knows what to think of the delay he is making in battering the place, unless that he has some other unknown scheme in view to surprise some other place unexpectedly. Reinforcements are coming to their army, 15 eompanies of Italians and 7 of Burgundians, awaiting the rest. Meanwhile all possible forces are being assembled to join the camp, the garrisons diverted ^t fo'iwvihs), to hinder the enemy's designs, which are great. They had an enterprise against Alost, Bergen-op-Zoom and Tretolle [' ter' Tholen]. It was to have been executed on Thursday, which they failed to do. At the same time his Excellency sent with all speed 6 eompanies of his guard to Bergen to secure them. The forces which are being levied in France will not so soon be ready. The arrival of M. de Bellievre on the king's behalf to join his Highness is awaited daily. His Highness has put the Chevalier Breton under arrest; he is imprisoned in his own lodging. The reason is said_ to be that his Highness sent a letter to M. de Fervacc[ues to join the reiters who were coming to him( as soon as he could with all the forces he eould; which, as the report is, caused the Chevalier Breton to write to the Baron de Yiteaux that if he had occasion to avenge the quarrel he had with Fervacques, now would be Jbis time, and that he was very sorry not to he of the party. So it was that his letter was intercepted and put into the hands of his Highness. There are parties (Ugues) in that household which cause these differences.

ELIZABETH. A..D.

49

1582, Colonel Stewart was released yesterday from confinement in his lodging ; I know not on what terms. He is shortly going to marry Madame de Batemburg, and then to Scotland, as he says. Col. Morgan has commission for 5 companies, with the 5 he has, making 10. He is sending to levy the 5 with all speed. Lord North and Mr Cotton are also making their preparations; if they can only agree. Mr JSfonis is not yet come with his troops, nor Count William. It ia hoped they will be here in 15 days. There has been some bad management between him and those of Utrecht and Arnhem over some cows captured in the neighbourhood of their towns. The States-General have granted his Highness 120,000 florins a year, besides what they offered in the articles, for niilitary purposes. The business of forming hie household from natives of this country is put off till they have given him the funds for his establishment. Meanwhile he has up to now employed his own household at his own cost. For his maintenance 500,000 crowns yearly are asked. "We shall see what they will do about that, and also about the good establishment of affairs here, now that it has pleased God to grant his Excellency health and a good recovery.—Antwerp, 28 May 1582. P.S.—It seems that M. de Plessis intends to return to Prance. Add.

May

29.

50.

Endd. Fr.

2_pp. [HoU, and Fl. XVI. 24.]

ANTONIO DB CASTILLO to

I arrived betimes (?) at this port of Plymouth, where it was of such importance to me to be recognised by Sir Francis Drake as in your service. It would be great iugratitude on my part not to beg you to set to his account his courtesy and kindness, with the welcome which he gave me, seeing that I have not, as you will have, the power of doing him a service. It is for you to show him that this office [? letter] was most grateful to him. Among other favours which I obtained from him, besides the safety of my journey, he promised to settle a certain suit that there is between himself and a Portuguese in such a way that there may be no need to talk of counsel and judges. The attorney (proeitmtore) for the Portuguese ia Antonio Gothard, a servant of yours, to whom boiih on account of his Portuguese origin, and for the welcome he gaye me, I am under great obligation. Please show him favour in anything that cornea his way, both as a familiar of your house, and as a Lisbon friend of mine. I will do this duty (sie) more freely. At present I have bad writing materials.—29 May. Add. Endd. ltd. 1 p. [Portugal I.78.] May

29.

57.

COBHAM to WALSMGHAM.

I received yours by Signer Horatio Pallavieino, mA welcomed im with what affection I should do [sic] one eo entirely reeonihim lended to me from you; having not ' wanted' to perform towards mended 16077

FOEEIG-N P A P E E S .

50

him all such offices aa lay in my power in such sort that I hope he is in a very good way to receive all those favours which may proceed from hence to his own desire. I intend moreover to accompany his welfare with all the means and care I can use, with so much the greater zeal in respect of the information I read in your postscript concerning his inclination in the principal point. I send you his letter, which he wrote to me from Fontainebleau, I have stayed this bearer these two days, hoping for the return of my servant last sent into England, because I desired to have seen if any other command had come from her Highness, that I might have answered it together.—Paris, 29 May 1582.

May

30.

AM.

Endd.

1 p.

[France VII. 84.]

58.

MATJVIBSIERE to WALSINGHAH.

It is some days since I was asked by several respectable persons of this realm to beseech her Majesty to pardon and grant hia life to a young gentleman, servant to Sir Christopher Hatton, named Valentine Pollard. Everyone pities him greatly, being of good family; and the fault for which he is today ready to receive the penalty of death, if her Majesty does not use mercy towards him, is the first he ever committed. This is why I beseech you in this letter, for the desire I have of gratifying all your nation, and those who have requested me on behalf of Pollard, to entreat her Majesty to grant him his life at my request. I know of him only byhearsay, as having more virtue than vice. If I had thought I could do more than you, I would have gone to beseech her. If she gives this poor criminal his life, God will lengthen hers.—London, 30 May 1582. Add. Endd. May 80.

59.

Fr.

1 p.

[France VII. 85.]

COBHAM to WALBINGSAHT.

As I was dispatching thia messenger, I had the enclosed letter from Bon Antonio brought to me, which I beseech you may be shown to her Majesty, matter being contained therein concerning her subjects detained. Count Vimioso sent it to me, having come hither in post to confer with the Queen Mother. Prom hence he goes to the king, 'pretending as he seems' to return to Tours again. I hear that Boderigo de Cras_[te?] departed suddenly by the post, upon some discontent, but being brought back is detained by Don Antonio . . . I. receive it. There are also of Don Antonio's cooks . . . . committed into ward, having confessed that they_ were sent irom Portugal to poiaon Don Antonio, at the instigation of King Philip's ministers. I enclose a Spanish small book, treating of the affairs oi Portugal.—Paris, 30 May 1582. Add. EnM.

1 jo.

{Ibid. VII. 86.]

ELIZABETH.

51

A.D.1582.

Enclosed in above :— May

25.

60.

DON ANTONIO to OOBHAM,

I am much displeased at having a cause by which I can give annoyance to the Queen my sister; but since I think that what I have done is fitting for her service, I wish to inform you that I have caused Captain 'Yau' [_qy, Yaughan] and'Captain 'Hylon' [Hylton] to be detained till I know what she wishes done with them, because being under the fortress of the Isle of Wight they took a Flemish flyboat laden with Portuguese goods, after I had expressly told them not to ill-use any Meminga, as may be seen by the regulations I gave them. And inasmuch as the burgomasters of Enckhuysen whence the flyboat came are demanding payment of 6,000 or 7,000 crowns, the value of the goods, they are bound to pay, seeing that the term of the letter of marque which they had from me was expired, and they eould not do it [sic]. Besides this, on their way from England to this realm to see me, they took some French ship, for which I am required to answer. And since I do not wiah her Majesty to hear that I am punishing her subjects without her leave, I am informing you of it, that you may write and ask her what she wishes me to do with them. I do not want to let them go, since I fear that if they go to sea again they will do something worse than they have done, with which I think her Majesty would not be pleased. Please let her be advertised as briefly as possible of this affair, that she may take such steps as seem to her good.—Tours, 25 May 1582. {Signed) Bey. Add. (Royal seal of Antonio.) Endd. in England. Fr. 11>. [France VII. 87.] May

30.

61.

COBHAJI to [WALSINGHAIE] .

I enclose the letter of Capt. Tho. del Bene, which he brought me himself, together with the enclosed note touching the affairs of Scotland. But he would not let me send the same writing that he showed me, but copy it, ' being very desirous to had [sic] it ; because I suppose by the hand ' ortography' you would have judged it to be written \>j a Scotchman or Englishman. He informed me withal how the abbot his kinsman had let him know m great secret that the Duke of G-uise sent to him the other day one Guillielmus to lend him his abbey at Eu, because he to lodge there _ an honorable person from England or Scotland (he ccmlrt not well remember) who was to come thither to confer with the IHike m great secrecy. The said Guillielmus was the schoolmaster who lent the chamber to Mm that shot at the Admiral in Paris. He complained to me of the unkind • intreatment' the Queen MOHMHT gave Mm since her being in this town. And then we parted with promise to have further conference.—Paris, 30 May iJHi. Add. and'ffiidt. gone. 1 $. May 80.

62.

{Frame TIL 88.]

COBHAM to WALSINGIUM-

On the 28th nut. the Qaeen Mother and her daughter the Qnoen oi Navarre alighted and lodged at the house of M. d O, the king o

g2

FOREIGN PAPEK8. late disgraced minion; where there were ' against their coming' the Marshals of Retz and Biron, and the Duchess of Nemours with the cardinal her son. So the queen remains there, and the king with his young queen intends to continue at Fontainebleau. He has lately commanded the ambassadors to repair to Nemours, which they are loth to do; the rather because it is thought the king will not continue there, but take his pleasure in passing to sundry places thereabouts. Marshal Biron has often conferred with the Queen Mother since her being in this town, and seeks to be employed in the service of the Duke of Brabant; but he is not thought to be the fittest person, because he is a man of so great expenses, and overviolent in his actions. The Duke of Joyeuse last week took the oath of Admiral of France. The Queen Mother ' pretends' to the king's minions that her lodging at M. d'O's house was to 'procure' the Queen of Navarre to nke and buy it. The King of Navarre keeps in Gascony, staying his return into these parts till he sees how the ' prepared army' by sea is disposed. Considering the enterprise of Geneva, the intended murder of the Prince of Orange, the making the rendezvous of this army to be about Eochelle, the ' training' of affairs in Scotland by d'Aubigny, Duke of Lennox, the knitting and 'combynding' of the princes generally in Italy with marriages and alliances with each other, as well as the allying of some of those princes with the House of Austria, all these causes concurring thus together show some secret great work in hand to the destruction of others, if God permits it. Through the consideration of this the King of Navarre and all others of the Beligion throughout Christendom may be reminded to be more circumspect in their affairs, and ' are to' find it exceedingly necessary to deal carefully in all their causes for the better service of God and their own preservation. I have been informed that they of Geneva have discovered three sundry practices within their town. They fear a siege, because the Duke of Savoy iB increasing his garrisons and stayed the coming of victuals into the town. Wherefore they have taken in garrisons and are assisted by the Swiss, who ' show to be' very slow in their resolutions. This happens because those of Berne would have them of Geneva so necessitated that they might be constrained to render themselves to them, and under their jurisdiction. There are sundry French gentlemen of the Religion, with one or two engineers, who mean to put themselves in Geneva for the defence of it. They advertise me that young Lansae will needs thrust himself into the army prepared for Don Antonio, ( challenging' that M. Strozzi promised him'to be his lieutenant-general; whereon some sour speeches passed between them.

ELIZABETH. A.D.

58

1582. They write that most part of the navy is arrived at Belle Isle and that Saint-Luc is ' patting himself into : the same army. Some do not 'let to think' that part of these ships prepared for the service of Don Antonio are appointed to sail to Scotland. Monsieur's 'ruyters' are this side of Metes, conducted hy a Count of the House of Mansfelt. Some of his gentlemen are levying companies in Burgundy and Champagne, both horse and foot, to ' accompany along' the said reiters, under the government of Fervacques. It is understood the Prince Dauphin will be the Duke of Brabant's lieutenant-general, and that the Duke has thanked the Prince of Conde for his offer, bat does not desire his present repair to him. Those of the Religion have also sent earnest, persuasions to the prinee to defer his going into Flanders as yet. M. Strozzi has advised the Eochelois to have regard to themselves and to the safety of their town. Marshal Biron importuning the king very much to serve Monsieur in the Low Countries, his Majesty commanded Secretary Tilleroy to answer him that he had cause to doubt he ahould be forced to ' break wars' "with his neighbour. Whereon the marshal pressing Villeroy to know what neighbour the king meant, and the cause, the secretary requested Mm to be content with so much for thai time; whereon the marshal attends on the king's will. The opinion was the king would send Marshal Biron to the frontiers of Flanders. The Queen of Navarre having been a suitor to the king to have the dowry which was assigned to her in Querey, Ronergue, Agenoiw, Condoumois, Bazadois, exchanged for provinces towards these parts, the king has assigned her dowry in the Duchy of Yalois, YillieraCotteret, Creil,' Crepsi,' Soissons, all near la Fere in Picardy. La Fere is given her for her jointure from her husband, valued at 70,000 francs a year. Whereby, together with the ' pannage' out of the Crown of France, and her pension, her ' living' will amount yearly to 270,000 francs. . The Queen Mother and her daughter have appointed to depart hence on Saturday nest towards Saint-Maur, and thence to Fontainebleau, where they will stay till the king goes to his 'baynes,' as it is reported. The king revokes his ambassador M. du Ferrier from "Venice, sending thither M. Meaants [Maisse] cousin to Ghiverny. The Prince of Orange's base son is in this Court, and has delivered sundry letters, as to M. de Biron, and divers others, I received letters from Captain Sernigi from the Tereeras, dated April 24, certifying that all things were 'in good poarti' thare few Don Antonio; as also that there had arrived an English ship with 200 quintals of powder and 70 pieces of artillery; awaiting two others in whieh should be 40 pieces of artillery, and powder.

54

FOREIGN PAPEKS.

AJ>.

1582. I have been requested by the ambassador of Venice to give a passport and letters of commendation to Eugenio Pennachi, a Cypriot, who intends to pass to her Majesty to obtain her liberality for thereleasing of his kinsfolk who are in captivity with the Turk; but I have persuaded him to stay, and send herewith hie supplication to her Majesty. Let me know what further answer I shall make thereon.—Paris, May 30, 1582. Add. and Midi. gone. H pp.

May 31.

03.

The

[Ibid, VII. 89.]

DUKE OP ANJOU to the

QUEEN.

Bonaventura Micheli, a merchant of Lucea, residing here in Antwerp, has informed me that some time ago he loaded on a ship of Middelburg, called the Cygne, belonging to Simon Tabofc, and Adrien Adriencbe, citizens of tbat town, the master of which was Cornelia Jacobz, a certain quantity of brazil-wood for Bordeaux. The vessel having called at your island of Guernsey, Cornells wanted to sell her with her cargo to a merchant of Naiites, although he had no right or share in her. This matter coming to the notice of your officers in the island, they are said to have seized both vessel and cargo and placed them ' under your hand,' to be restored to their owners, or else the money resulting from them. Micheli having heard of these proceedings, would wish to recover the brazil belonging to him, or the money accruing from the sale of it. This is my reason for •writing to you on his behalf, to beg you to direct your officers in Guernsey to have the goods in the vessel which he shows to belong to him or else the money arising from the sale of them restored to Micheli without unnecessary delay.—Antwerp, 31 May 1582. (Signed) Francois,

? May.

AM.

Endd. Fr.

1 p.

[HoU. and M. XVI. 25.]

64.

" Offers which M. THTJB SCHO. [DIETZ SCHOMBEBG] makes

to the QUEEN."

If her Majesty will enter to the extent of 80,000 or 100,000 crowns into M. Sen's. \_qy. Strozzi's] enterprise, whether openly or under another name, she can depute persons to handle the money and employ it themselves on things needful for the voyage. In this ease she will have her share of all conquests, made with the aid [?] of her contribution.

;

If she prefers to lend the same money to M. Schomberg on a very fine unicorn's hom which belongs to him, and which he is arranging to place in the hands of those of the maison de ville of Paris for the prize in a lottery which the king has allowed there, M._ Schomberg will place in the Queen's hands the receipt and obligation which the maison de ville has handed him on account of the horn, with a first charge to her Majesty on such money as shall eoine to him from the lottery, until the principal and interest of the loan be paid.

ELIZABETH.

55

A.D. 1582.

Or if she will buy the horn from him, he will sell it to her for 150,000 crowns; though it was accepted for the lottery at 180,000. Or if she will not buy it, she may lend him 130,000 crowns ujwn it_; the horn to remain in her possession, on condition that he may withdraw it on his return from his voyage for a, like sum. If he dies, it remains her property. On condition that he employs the money which she may lend him on any of the above terms that she pleases, in the proposed enterprise. The hom is seven feet or three Brabant ells long and proportion ably thick. No part of it is missing. In proof that it is a real unicorn's horn the evidence of connoisseurs (maitres
65.

MAUVISSIBBB

to

TPALSINGHAM.

You know that you have never done with ambassadors, and that they always have something fresh to bother you with. "What I have to do in this note is on behalf of the little Englishman called JSTicolson; to beg you to have him let out of prison, and set free to go in search of my eon and his mother, who are expecting him at Paris. Otherwise order him to do what you please; I am sure he will not go beyond it in anything. The Lord Treasurer told me yesterday that as soon as you had written a line, he would sign it with you, for Nicolson's deliverance; whose chief enemies, I hear, are his own relations, who wish to have a little of his property- He has asked them for an account of it during the last 20 years, when he has not been in England, but nourished at the universities as ft poor scholar, full of gentleness and modesty. I would answer for him and for no other, knowing him to be of a very good and gentle nature. Which is what I will say to you of the matter, leaving it to your consideration.—London, 1 June 1582, Add. June 1.

66.

Endd.

Fr.

I p.

[JWd. Y11. 91,]

" J E H A K GOWEB'S EXAMINATION,"

Friday, 1 June 1582.—We the officials of Paris at the [? VrUoin —judgement hall] of the officially have called on Jehan Gtefar, prisoner in its prisons to appear before us who, after making oath, when we would examine him, gave us to understand that he couici answer move easily in Latin than in French. Accordingly we enquired as follows: Being asked as to the cause of his imprisonment, he replied : ' I am suspeeted of having uttered words of a somewhat impious sound, though I have always been a steady Catholic

56

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.c.1582. Asked why he uttered these words, he said that having left his country and his widowed mother, and lost his lands of considerable extent, for fighting on behalf of the Catholic faith, he had come to Flanders and to these parts being driven out by the arms of the Queen of England, and had therefore with other noblemen taken up arms against the Queen in order to restore the Catholic religion. But before a year was out, he bad received letters of graee from the Queen, at the request of his relatives, to permit him to return to England; and in order that he might obtain letters from the English ambassador, he had associated with that ambassador, and used these words to win his favour. Asked where he was born, he sai& in the dioeese of Chester, province of York. Asked how old he was, he said thirty-five. Was he layman or cleric? He answered, that he had been ordained priest at Rome, and meant by God's help to hold'his priesthood as long as he lived. On what title had he been ordained ? He replied that those in the English College at Rome, of whom he was one, could be ordained on the recommendation of his Holiness, and required no other title so far as he knew. Are they not ordained on the understanding, or under promise, that they will go back to England, to work for the Catholic cause ? He said that in general that was so, and he himself had promised the same by oath; but he was at Rome before the College was constituted by the Pope, having been sent by his Holiness to the hostel to get his living, and entered the College when that made out of the hostel. Who had ordained him to the priesthood ? He said that as far as the diaeonate he was ordained by some English bishop, and to the priesthood by a Greek bishop, acting for the Pope. Had he bis letters of orders ? get them.

He said not, but he could easily

How long had he been priest ? He said two years, and he said ius first mass on Trinity Sunday at the English College, nearly two years ago, and had said mass almost everv day since when circumstances permitted. _ Asked when he last said mass, he said on the previous Saturday, m the church of St. Opportune at Paris, where he had been accustomed to celebrate since the beginning of last October, Had he reserved at that mass ? He replied,«Yes, sir.5 Had he come to doubt any artiele of the Roman Church ? He said as God was his witness, no such doubt had entered bis heart.

ELIZABETH.

S7

A.D. 1582.

Asked if he had ever lived at Douay in Artois at the charges of the College or the Pope he said he lived among Catholics at Louvain and Douay at his own cost. Bid he thence repair to Bome ? He said that as, owing to the Queen's dislike of Catholics, he got no money from England, and by order of the Catholic king, who had said that all who had taken up arms against the Queen of England were to quit that country, he had gone off to Eome. How many years had he been at Eome ? Nearly four, he thought. How long had he been back from Italy ? Two years or thereabouts. He came first to Rheims and stayed there from the end of October till June. Then for his health's sake, he went to some wholesome waters near Lie'ge; returning thence to Eheims and after a few days coming to Paris. At Eheims he received some money from the Principal of the College, named Alien, for which he gave his bond and acceptance. Asked if on Monday, 28 May last, at noon, he went to the College of the Clermontais at Paris and had there talked about religion with one or more of the priests of that College, he answered that he had been sent for by Father Thomas, an English priest there, that he might receive through Mr Comer, an Englishman, his travelling expenses to England, which were in the hands of Father Thomas, and when the payment of this money to him wan being dealt with, he has been questioned about religion. Three or four times he tried to avoid the subject, but upon Father Thomas seriously urging that he would not pay the money unless he openly profeased that he was going to England for the public defence of the Catholic religion, he replied at last that he would rather get the money by borrowing than under such obligation. When it was refused, he said that he must look out himself for his journey-money. On Father Thomas asking him if he wanted to return to England because he was badly off, he answered, yes. Kot only on thispomt, but when he further asked ' Does any Article of the Earth m our religion displease you?' deponent answered 'If it were denied that one or another Article was expressly based on Scripture, it would be difficult to prove it.' On the enquiry what article thai; was,he made answer, not that he himself was not so persuaded, but tnat if for the sake of testing a mass it were in the clear testimony of Scripture could be held to be the Article of the invocation of foamis, and the man answered that in the Book of Maccabees one of the prophets is represented as praying to God after his death, he said in reply ' What if it were denied that the book is canonical ? Asked if he maintained that the saints should not be invoked, he replied that he had said merely by way of a test. Had he there said that the soul of Christ had not descended into hell, according to the teaching of the Church o! Borne, tat that He had suffered the torments of the damned on the Cross, m the Calvimstie Church taught, he replied that this enquiry imd been

58

FOREIGN PAPEES.

A.D.

1582. made elsewhere, and that nothing had been said there on the subject so far as he remembered; and whatever he had said, he had said with the idea of testing. Had he said that the true Body of Christ was not in the Eucharist? He replied that he had spoken in no other form, and admitted his own temerity. Had he said the mass -was not a sacrifice ? He replied that he had spoken in no other form, and that it eould not be proved from Scripture against a gainsayer. Had he not been asked if he was a presbyter and answered in such a way as to seem to deny that he was one, and that there was no order of presbyterate ? He answered that he had in like manner said it could not be proved from Scripture. Had he not said that he was very sorry he had ever said mass, and admitted having said so ? He replied that he had no recollection of ever having said so; if he had, he ought not to have. He had no wish to maintain it, and had never even thought such a thing in his mind. Had he denied that auricular confession was a sacrament, instituted by Christ ? He replied that he had said tentatively it eould not be proved by Scripture. Had he denied that the mass was a propitiatory sacrifice ? He replied he had said whatever he had said as in the other cases, namely by way of testing, and did not wish to maintain or eonfirm it. Being put upon this oath and asked if he doubted or disagreed with any article of the Boman faith, he replied that not in his whole life, nor today had he felt nor did he feel any doubt of the Boman Catholic faith and teaching, Being asked if he was willing and ready to make a profession of faith according to a form taken from the Council of Trent, he replied that he had much such a profession at Eome, and cordially approved it, and offered, if it seemed good, to make it today ; he had been guilty of a slip of the tongue and so admitted, and submitted in heart and spirit to the Church.—Signed on the minutes, John Grower. Copy, Endd. as at liead, Wahingham's mark. Fr. Lot, 6 pp. [Ibid. VII. 92.] *

June 2.

67.

T. LONGSTON to L. TOMSOX.

1582, 2 June, Antwerp.—By my letters of the 26th, which I think are yet in Zealand through contrary winds, I answered yours of the 19th ; whereof I beseech you to have that regard that appertains. Mr Grilpin has delivered me certain copies of the States' bonds, and of the interest; with instructions etc. which as yet I have not

ELIZABETH.

59

A.D. 1 5 8 2 .

perused, for he is not jet departed on the journey, but purposes to depart on Monday, if' contrary advice of the Imperial Diet holding' come not tomorrow. He haa also left with me a c substitution' made hy Mr Governor to Beynold Copeott for receipt of such money as the States are to pay, and therefore niethinks the commission were fitter for him than for me, in respect both of that, and of my business here not being less than rey [nold's ?]. Besides, it may fall out that if Mr Pal . . . , our secretary in London, be called from that place to a . . better in the Mint (as is likely), it may be my lot, -with the help of good Mends, whereof I account you ' one chief,' to be called to England to that office. Hereof best (?) I pray you have consideration, and extend your helping hand, if you judge it good for me. A grant is passed here,' under broad seal from Monsieur this Duke/ to 'these country' merchants for incorporating .them into a company, with authority to assemble here and in England, in ' conventicles,' with a headman and sis aseistera, for ' carriage of their causes,' etc. And one Paul Aurat, being their secretary, understanding of the suit we have for her Majesty, offers to be a solicitor here, to urge and cause contentment to he given her. Whether this offer be to avoid touching their merchants in England, or to get favour and furtherance for a charter to be granted them in England, or both, I leave to yom.' judgement, and withal pray you to have a care of us in this behalf, that; no further scope be given them in England than they have, for it [is] too much already. They are too cunning for uss notwithstanding our long experience, and wouldeat us out, if they get but a little farther or more of us. And therefore, as also considering how they ' abridge' and tax us here contrary to privilege, notwithstanding that we by our trade with them bring them great commodity, and tihey bring no profit to our country by coming thither, it were an unequal thing to grant them a jot further, or more liberty, but rather get reason to abridge themAdd. to Mr Laurence Tomsoa, at his house near Charing Cross. Endd. 1J pp. [Roll and Fl. XVL 26.] June 2,

68.

SAINTE-AIDEGOKDE

to WALSINGHAM.

Your last letter was handed to me, hut my illness, following on so many afflictions one upon another, has hindered me from putting on the pressure I could have wished. Anyhow, I mil not cease to use all endeavours. This is to beg you to interest yourself for a merchant of this place named Hansz Wouters, who is prosecuted by Fernando Poyntz for debts which he says are those of the States, which he has bought—unlawfully, and is further prosecuting 1111 arrest over them yet more unlawfully. As I know the rights of the case, I commend it to you boldly, and beg you to accept the reeoaimeudation. I shall feel much obliged, and will add this obligation to tin infinity of others.—Antwerp, 2 June 1582. AM.

Endd. Ft: 11>. [ML AT/. "27,]

60 1582. June 3-

FOREIGN PAPEBS.

A.D.

60,

STOKES

to WALSINGHAM.

My last to you was the 27th ult. This week all things have been somewhat stiller, so there are few speeches to write save the following. Those of Ghent ' think the time very long' till Oudenarde be succoured; for which cause they this week sent to the Duke of Brabant two of their chiefest ( deacons' with a blunt message to put his Highness in remembrance for the succouring of the town. He has, by report, given them good contentment iu speech, with which they are returned to Ghent again and have reported it to the magistrates and commons. But the commons like it not, so that the Gentners begin to wax warm in speech, and if Oudenarde be not succoured, it is feared it will tarn to some further displeasure. It ia now 6 weeks and 3 days since the enemy came before Oudenarde and in all this time th.ey have done nothing to it to any purpose. It is now 10 days since they mounted 25 cannons to it, and as yet they have not discharged them above two or three times for a 'proof'; so their dealings are strange to all men here- Some say the cause of the stay is they are making bridges and boats, with many other devices,' which' until these things are ready the cannon will not play. Some say they hope for some treason •within the town. So here go many doubtful speeches of great fear the town will be lost for want of aid in time, for since the 14th ult. no man has come out of it. The enemy has removed 10 cannons over a ' water ' to plant in another place against the town; at which planting, by good report, there are slain about 200 soldiers and pioneers by the great artillery from the town, and they are not yet planted. So it seems those in the town show they have courage and * valiant.' Many speeches are given out here by the French and others of great forces of Monsieur's that are come by Cambray or will be here shortly. These speeches have continued here these two months and more, and nothing else follows; so that people here begin to wax weary of them, considering what a great loss Oudenarde will be, if the enemy take it. There is also a great longing among the commons and magistrates here for the coming of Colonel Norris and his soldiers from Friesland, for it seems a great part of their hope is in them for the succouring of Oudeaarde. By letter from Ghent it seems Monsieur's camp will remove to the Castle of Gavar [qy.G&vvo], lying on the river within a mile and a half of the enemy's camp. The magistrates of this town have 'entertained into' their service, to lie in this town, to aid their sergeant-major in keeping their town and soldiers in good order, a very honest French captain of the Religion called Captain Geron, who has ' lyne' in this town about a year and was lieutenant to M. d'Argentlieu when

ELIZABETH,

61

the great camp was here. He has dwelt some time in England, and has told me of two ships lately laden at ' hable neffe ' in Normandy with * pellets' for great artillery and other munitions for Scotland, and has desired me withal to write his humble commendations to you. —3 June 1582. Add.

June 3.

70.

Endd.

2 pp.

THOMAS DOYLEY

[Hbfl. and Fl. XYI. 28.]

to WALSINGHAM.

Receiving your letter the same day that the post went from Antwerp, I wanted time 'presently 1 to answer it. Concerning the heartburning between our captains, I dare assure you it has not been mutual, nor 'had' at this present on the general's part, had not Mr North, Cotton, and their ' complices' given out in their bravery that he being heir apparent to a more ancient baron was not to be commanded by Norris, who came into these countries not for honour, but for necessity; whereas he had supply both from the Earl of Leicester, the lord his father, and my lord Rich; and that they would range themselves under Eochepot, who was an honourable gentleman; their commissions being absolute, to be commanded at their pleasure ; besides Mr North's speeches, given out against the general to divers, whereby he deeply and bitterly touched his private person and his authority. And in truth were not his supply from England better than the favour that he nnda from the Estates, having neither transport-money, nor i f l T O nor quarter upon the ' boures' to raise up his companies allowed him, the commodity would not' in' half countervail the charge; besides that I think their regiments will prove hut chanipujnms to serve his Highness torn for ! summer's camp Also Mr North has aotangkd himself with other brawls, as with Mr Bawley, Captam WU and Mr Webb, whom he stabbed twice in the breast wrfb a so that he run himself far into a ticklish, dangerous, " f d d ^ action. Our general is ready to embark his troops camp. His horse and foot were never stronger. The enemy, since their beating against the have attempted nothing. There is an edictL P ^ ^ v ^ Zealand, Holland, nor any of the ^nfedemte P g m n " * 'entertrafique' with the enemy; whereby theyjvill want great provision of butter, cheese, and fish that thence1! The like stay the French king has J ^ M e t r e s . The Prince of Orange is Bcmewhat rheum; and [sic] there is a report that 2,000 come into Priesland to serve the kmg. By the next post I hope to advertise you more particularly of our an3 the enemy's camp, ana of the commanders. Chevalier Breton is still in prism for Ms J J Viotrieu' for the killing of Fervacques, which were

f

PAPEES. A.D.1582.

lieutenant-colonel to Colonel Yilleneuve, was slain by Cap*. Chordon [«c] for a private quarrel.Antwerp, 3 June 1582. de Gourmettej

Add. Endd. llw June 4.

[Holl. and FL XVL 29.^

7 1 . MONTBITH to PEBMYN. I received yours of May 12 with the enclosed packet, thanking von for the trouble you took to let me have it speedily. I see that those who have written to me, and chiefly the king my sovereign require for answer that I should go in my own person to satisfy them by my presence of what they ask; which I will willingly do, provided I can obtain leave from my master M. de Laval, for 1 perceive that my relations desire to see me, and especially the Baron of Oarsf?! my nephew, who has caused me to he summoned by tne king. I am not answering them this time, not having yet been able to decide what I ought to do; but within a fortnight I hope to be at the end of my plans. Duke Casimir ought to be at this town tomorrow, passing towards Montbeliard, to stand godfather to the Count's son. Spaniards and others are often passing through Lorraine to reinforce your enemy s camp; and I have heard today that a great army from Italy, up to 26,000, is coming to assail you. If it should please God to toueft the heart of his Highness, to give him true knowledge of His word and to profess it publicly, I am sure that God will assist him m all his good, enterprises, maugre the Pope, the Spaniards and all their adherents. The Swiss assembled their Diet 15 days ago at Baden, to consult on the enterprise of the Duke of Savoy, who had sent some bands of armed men to the country round about Geneva, thinking to surprise the city by treason, as some of the citizens who had intelligence with the duke have since confessed, and have been executed. The Swiss have sent four ambassadors to the duke to tell him to withdraw those troops from the country, assuring him that otherwise they will make them withdraw by force. I have heard that this was an enterprise got up by the Pope, the King °| Spain, and the Duke of Savoy; and it seems manifestly that God. watches over that city of Geneva, for if He had not by His merey discovered that enterprise by the confession of the traitors, inhabitants of the town, to the number of five (?), it was in danger of being surprised. I have presented your recommendations to M. Lobetius.-—Strasbnrg, 4 June 1582. Add, Endd. in England. Fr.

June 4.

1 $.

[Holl. and' Fl. XVL 30.]

7 2 . MIUVISSIEBE to WAISINGHAM. This bearer, a man of letters, and a very honest Huguenot, who formerly taught Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriac at Oxford, is one ol

ELIZABETH.

68

A.D. 1582.

.

the suitors in respect of the vessel called the Francois of Pihiriac and of the Hermine of Brest, of -which I sent you a note, and the requests I have presented with much urgency to her Majesty by command of the king my master to have justice done them. You will find this very reasonable if you will consider the whole matter, and hear the bearer and many poor people who are here, who are interested in it. And inasmuch as I am sure you desire nothing more than to favour the poor afflicted and do justice, I will recommend this case to you with all my power.—London. 4 June l 1582. Add.

June 4.

73.

Eiidd.

Fr. to

1 p.

[France VIJL 93.]

_

" An account of Geneva, besieged and then surrendered, as they say, but untruly." Most illustrious Sir—Supping the other evening with Secretary Walsingham, he asked me what I believed about the siege laid to Geneva by the Duke of Savoy. The answer I gave him was what I am about rather more fully to say to you. I lived ten years at Geneva and know everything appertaining to that eity. To describe it briefly, I "will say that it is situated on Lake Leman, now called the Lake of Geneva or Lausanne. The situation of Geneva is more beautiful than its streets and buildings, which are all built of stone, but are lofty, large, and commodious rather than handsome, because they are built in the fashion of Savoy. There will be about 8,000 souls belonging to the city, and 12,000 French, and the Italian church with about 500 Italians; there are besides merchants from Germany and other parts. The eity is small, but commodious; it has four fine open places, as markets where various kinds of things are sold, and in the longest and finest street there are arcades on both sidea, full of shops of all kinds; built however in the Savoy style, not handsome, but convenient for the rain. It has three abundant fountains, and the palace of the \ot in a fine position, not very beautiful but large, not yet finished. It has five temples; four serve for the preachers—there is preaching there every morning—and one for the scholars, since there is an university there for science and languages, and lectures in theology, logic, philosophy, medicine, and civil law. In languages, there arc lectures on Greek, Hebrew, and Latin. There are many scholars from divers parts. Also there is a long wooden bridge there, beneath which begins the river Rhone, that goes into France;_ it drives a great quantity of flour-mills, and other devices (arfpt-y). It is a city with modern walls, and moderately strong. B has a revenue of about 30,000 crowns, and no expenses, now that xt is fortified. Inhabitants and strangers mount guard night and day, and everyone has to do it, either by night or by day, or pay about 2 groats of their money. There is a very large hospital, and great revenues for the poor, not only for those who are in it, out ior those in the eity likewise, because the lords do not want to have begging. A poor stranger coining through can stay them three days. There is a large grammar-school (collegio di gramaUea) for

.

u

A.D.1582.

FOBEIGN PAPEBS.

^ m g ^ ^ t h e m a g t e r B . w h 0 t e a e h t h e m . They pay nothing, by statute (de bando), and the masters are paid at the public cost. This school was newly set, large and well-placed on high ground, in my time. I designed it, but in many points they have not followed my plans, on account of the too great coat. There are seven large classrooms (scole) for the hoys, according to their ages, big and little, and large halls and gardens, and a court below. There is also a large port, and every evening it is closed mth a chain. It is a popular republic, and every craftsmen can be of the lords. Geneva was beloved by the Eomans ; there are many ancient marbles there with letters carved, also on the gate; and Caesar made the stone bridge. Geneva has little territory, and they gather no corn in it. For two months all comes from the rest of Savoy, and from Burgundy, and Germany, almost all by way of the lake, and from other countries. Geneva is the chief place of Savoy, the richest and most commercial city; whoever wants to make money ought to take stuff to Geneva. As London is the principal place in England, so 13 Geneva in Savoy. There are trades of all sorts there, and merchandise. The Italians have brought the iustian-makmg trade there, and the silk business. Sarcenet, and grogram, and satins, and velvets of all kinds ate made there. The French have brought them printing, and they print excellently in Greek, Hebrew, Latin, and all the tongues. The forces of Geneva consist in the readiness of the people to fight—and on occasion they will fight to the death—rather than m their walls; also in two defensive leagues which they have made in the port. Having become a citizen of Geneva by. payment (since I brought with me 2,200 crowns when I first went there, but the 25 years since I left Italy have used them up), I went into [sic] the Greater Council of the Lords. This Council every year appoints all the magistrates of the republic, and makes leagues and everything; and I found that Geneva had made two defensive leagues, one 24 years ago with their neighbours, the lords of Bern, the principal canton of the Swiss, the richest and most powerful. They can or themselves put 30,000 soldiers in the field in eight days. AH are inscribed (?) with their corslets and harquebuses. This league was made through fear of the duke of Savoy, who is their neighbour, when he made peace with King Henry I [nc] of France, who gave the duke Madame Marguerite his sister to wife, and for her dowry the territory which he had taken in Savoy and Piedmont. He being so great an enemy, those of Geneva and the Bemese allied themselves, fearing lest he might wish to recover .both Geneva—upon which he has a certain claim, it being Imperial territory, and having been granted to the Duke of Savoy by the Emperor Charles Y—and also what the Bernese had taken from him in Savoy. This league was made perpetual, for the mutual defence of both eities against the Duke of Savoy or any other strangers. The other league was made in 1570, the year hi -which I came away—and I was present in the Great Council—with the Duke of Savoy, who made leagues for 22 years with both Geneva and the Bernese, because up till then the Duke would not have his

ELIZABETH.

65

A.I>. 1582.

Savoyard subjects sell victuals either to Geneva or in Bernese territory, and the people had no place more convenient than Geneva to earn money in plenty, being the richest and chief town of the country ; insomuch that the duke was always at odds with his people and with G-eneva about many matters, also about the frontiers/ and so with the Bemese, and therefore concluded the alliance as I said for 22 years, till his son, who is now duke, should grow up to years of discretion in the event of his death. This he did in order that they of Geneva being in alliance might feel confidence. And in this time he has many times tried to take it by craft, but never with armies; and many have been quartered for it, and also before the alliance; and I in my time saw six quartered at various times, among whom was a bishop, a nobleman of France (the others were all Savoyards) worth 40,000 crowns, whom they called Monsieur de Passi. He stayed in Geneva about five years m order to betray it, at the requirement of Prance and the duke, ile bought a house, and brought with him a concubine of his and a grown-up son, and said that she was his wife, to give colour to his designs, and said that he had come for the sake of &e Beh^on. The matter was discovered, and I saw his head cut off, albeit both the King of Prance and the duke exerted themselves much to save his life.

impossible ; ail tmngs can we uunc »^ —£":•> ' . « „ „ . Wause not seem likely to anyone who knows the affairs of Geneva, 1because the young duke's father, who was held to be one of the beatwaimrs in Europe* never ha4 the boldness to atte,mp; sueto a n * ™ $ g £ by open arms for fear lest the Bernese their ^ J ^ should take from him all that he has m Savoy because ? well that if the duke took Geneva by .force of arms he wouW stop there, but would follow up to victory and fe"e -

Touching this young duke's wish tobesiege G J M J J _ seem likely, for the reasons stated. ^ f ^ ^ S t h i i u w such as because i a r l y all the victuals and ^ ^ C g 6 S p h e r e by wood and charcoal, and nearly all ^ 0 1e ° an a _* > he the lake ; and if he wants to besiege'f lake,hecannot, would have to have fortresses for,tb.e 20nirf»d£ta ^ are on one side and the other, and he &<» jone, S n o t do, because vessels on the lake would be needed, which he « ^ m e n t f or he has not a single ship of war of his own n « m 7 j * J} tUy of one. If he wished to build them on *»£**£ ^ ^ y Geneva and the Bernese would at ^ / ^ J 0 1 ? ^ e t b $ y h&ve 100 were made, both by land and by ^ ^ ' ^ f t h e l W not a mariners, and pinnaces made on purposeTOg also ^ in great quantity, but as many as they neea. ^ a ( w e a to themplenty, of other boats which eould h a v e ^ n g a a ^ ^ flw Begarding artillery, Geneva is well. furmsfiea, » ^ 15077

66 A.D.1682.

FOEEIGN PAPEES. .

Bernese; so that as for besieging Geneva, they being masters of the lake as they are, it is a thing impossible. They have besides the churches of Geneva, which are all built on high ground, for the city is hall upon a pleasing little hill, and half on the level. These temples are built and ruled by the whole laity, and there are many culvenns on them, for which I gave the plan, and they are still there, "if there were any desire to force it, it has such advantages by reason of the lake; and if this young duke broke the league with Geneva, as he made it after his father's death, and that with the Bernese, which are one and the same thing, he would run the risk of losing all Savoy, for the reasons given above. But this is how the matter stands, and the secret of the business is this. The Pope, with the princes of Italy who are aiding him, and King Philip, and Prance, who want to send people to make war in England, as they have wanted for four years past, and know not with what title and excuse to send so great quantity of soldiers, Italian, Spanish, French, and German, &c, seeing that if they send them by land they must pass within four leagues of Geneva through the Duke of Savoy's country, and pass on into Luxemburg and the rest of the Low Countries—this route was taken by the Duke of Alva, and other soldiers who have been sent by land into the Low Countries—and whereas the hostile league has to send many troops, and has no excuse for sending them into the Low Countries (because the Pope has never sent any in former wars, and the Prince of Parma does not want them, because he has the command of the field, and there is no money to pay a great quantity of the soldiers that he has, and he owes them, as is said, twenty or thirty payments, and there are no victuals in the countries to feed them, and they are dying of hunger and there is great dearth there), these princes know that this would never be believed. So they have made up a story about besieging Geneva, which is only 4 leagues from their route, and are then coming straight by the shortest way to England. And the Pope, under the name of 4,000 soldiers, whom he pretends the duke is asking for, will send 10,000 or 12,000 or as many as he may wish, becauBe they come broken up into companies (quairifflie). King Philip and France will do the like when sending the Spaniards, French, and Germans, and will mass these armies near Geneva, under colour of wishing to lay siege to it, and set things going in their own fashion. In a few days' marches they will be in the Low Countries on the coast, and at Calais and other ports, to cross over to England, if some port has been taken for them by the English papists, as their design is, and by the fleets of Spain, France, and perhaps of the Turk. Sofchis news of besieging Geneva signifies nothing else than war in this realm, for the reasons stated. But the true remedy to meet this stratagem, and the alleged siege and capture of Geneva, is this: to complete the alliance with the Steelyard (i Stigliardi} and with the princes of the German Ocean, for defence against strangers, and get those republics and princes to protest to the King of France and King Philip, and the Pope and the rest of the hostile league, as I wrote to your lordship at the beginning of May last, that they will defend England, their friend and ally, from the

ELIZABETH. A.D.

67

1582. injuries of foreign soldiers, if it is molested. In the same way the princes of High Germany, friends to her Majesty, should be made to protest to the hostile league. If this is done, all its desi<ms will be broken and the pretended siege of Geneva will .go off in smoke, and the soldiers will turn back. If you please to read this letter to her Majesty, and keep the matter secret, because the ambassadors ot trance and Spam are spreading a great report of this siege and taking of Geneva, and they want it of all things to be known, and if they knew that I through being familiar with that country have discovered that it was false, some displeasure would perhaps be done me, but pretend to believe that it is true, and let it be talked about at Court; but see that the provisions I have said are made, of forming a league with the Steelyard and the princes of the German Ocean, and take steps to get them to make the aforesaid protest to the princes of the hostile league.—1582, 4 June 1582 [sic]. Endd.: Traite de Geneva, 1582; and in Walsingham's liand: Tratato di Geneva. Ital. 1 p. [Stvitzerlmid 1,1.]

June .6.

74.

COBHAM

to WALSINGHA!U:.

Since I last wrote, the king has ended his diet. He left Fontainebleau on the 1st inst., dining at Yilleroy, and repaired that night to Dollenville; whence he goes to St. Germans. He has left the young queen still in her diet at Fontainebleau, and licensed his Privy Council to depart to their houses for eights, or a longer time. The Queen Mother and the Queen of Navarre remain still in this town for three or four days. Gount Brissac came hither in post on the last day of last month, and after conference with the Queen Mother departed the same day for Fontainebleau, to the king, who dispatched him the same evening, being nothing pleased with the count's repair thither. Mr Strozzi arrived about the latter end of last month with his ships at Belle Isle; and there is a gentleman (in margin: M. Vyraque] dispatched from this Court with secret instruction an
68

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D. 1582.

Don Antonio has sent to me again by Antonio d'Eseovedo that I might write and find out what it is her Majesty's pleasure to have done with Captains ' Vaine' and 'Hilon,' who are detained by Don Antonio for taking a ilyboat and a French ship. I write the captains' names as they send me them, because otherwise I know them not. The king has granted Don Antonio commission under his letters patent to have all strangers or others attempting anything against hia person apprehended, imprisoned, examined, and convicted according to the laws of the realm. I am informed that a good portion, to the value of above 100,000 crowns, of the money which the king last received from the increase of the imposition on salt, will be sent to Flanders for the use of the Duke of Brabant. I am given to understand that the Marquis of Havrech was last week secretly in thiB town. Howbeit I cannot perceive that he had access to their Majesties. The young Earl ' Bodwell' is in this town, professing to be an earnest Protestant and a great friend to Lord Hamilton. I would know, if you please, whether I shall make show of goodwill to him. I received today a note from" M. Combellea, which I enclose herewith. I am waiting to hear from you some news of her Majesty's benevolence towards me.—Paris, 5 June 1S82. P,8.—They inform me that one Sandy Bogge, who is brother to the Scottish king's chief porter, is at present departing towards Scotland, by way of ' Newhaven,' desiring to land at Newcastle, together with hia wife; taking with him divers dispatches from the Duke of Guise, the Bishop of Glasgow, and d'Entragues. Divers bruits are given out of some heartburning between the Duke of Maine and d'Eperaon; but there is aa yet no appearance of it. Count Yrmioso at his last conference with the Queen Mother informed her that the isles of Madeira had revolted to Don Antonio. It iB written from. Italy that Alfonso Piccolomini had 'entered into the fields' with 200 horsemen, and had slain Signor Jacomo vitelli, sent against him by the Pope. I hear that in this Court letters have come with advertisement of some chance happened in Lisbon, but I have not heard the particulars. The ambassador of Spain has not obtained audience, having demanded it this fortnight. The king has licensed M. Laval, Count la Rochefoucauld, and Bellegarde to levy companies for the service of the Duke of Brabant. Add. Endd, 3 pp. [JFrauce VII. 94.]

ELIZABETH.

69

A.D. 1582.

June 6.

75.

JOHN DOWBS

to "WALSINOHAM:.

Having received your letter for my direction into parts of Normandy, I took present occasion, aa wind favoured. Being arrived at Dieppe, I went presently to M. de ' Lykes,' being then at PallsMl [_qy. Paluel] with M. de 'Curttontte,' his fellow minister, together with the elders of the Church at Dieppe, in counsel about affairs oi the phurch. I had conference with them of my journey, and they certified me of a truth that they undei-stood order was given to certain captains by M. de G-uise to levy companies of soldiers to lie in readiness in divers parts of Normandy, and ships appointed in divers ports there to attend on them; bnt ass yet there is no mention thereof. It is held for truth among the chief of the Religion that the ' army' is not yet gone from the coast of Britanny, ami they hold for truth that some part of the ships are appointed for Scotland. News came to Dieppe on June 1 that a great quarrel had arisen among the chief captains of the army, that some ol them are slain out of hand, and many hurt; and that many of the soldiers and mariners fall away daily. About a month ago a flyloat went from Dieppe which was laden with powder and six great pieces of brass, and at the same time a bark was laden at Treport with the like munition, which went directly to Scotland. U, de Guise was himself at the lading of both, these, whieh was done in the night at both plaees. From every province of France one of the chief ministers Inm been sent to the King of Navarre to confer upon matters for the state of the Ghurches of Prance. It is said here that the eity of Geneva was like to have been betrayed by means of intelligence had with some oi the citizens, who are executed- Some say that the Duke of ' Dumayne' was the enemy without. There is the like report of the town of Bochelle. On June 4 three notable papists went from Dieppe in a litih boat of Seaford in Susses. The master's name is Joshua Bowsse. They were to be landed at Shoreham and thence to go to Mr Shelley's at Mychellgrove. They had much massing-' gvtyre' [qy. gear] with them, i could not learn their names, for they did not go aboard after they came to the town till they took ship.— Dieppe, 6 June IS 82P.8.—Today I take mj journey to 'Xewhaven' and so to Boaen, where M. de * Lykes' wished me to meet him, for he is gone thxfciter to preach instead of M. de la Tour, ^ho is gone to the Kmg of Navarre. Since my letter was mitten I heard from a friend thai one from the country who had met certain soldiers within fee lm™« of Dieppe, at a village called Torsy, waiting for the rest of their company, but they are bound iato Pfeardy, to mmi sou* ffiorts going to the Low Countries.

FOREIGN PAPEES.

70

A.D. 1582.

.,,

, .

On June 2 a boat went from Dieppe to Eye, with certain passengers, both merchants and gentlemen, who the next day at I o'clock were robbed by an English pirate within gunshot of the town of Eye, and their boat taken hy the pirates, who gave them then- little boat to set them ashore at Eye. The master and company came to Dieppe again on the 5th, and made their report to the governor; and great exclamation was made m the common assembly against our state, with promisse of recompense if they have not justice in England. Add. Endd. June 7.

%pp.

\_Frcmce VII. 95.]

7 6 . DUKE CASIIEIK to Yours of April 2, in which you sent me some of your news, was very acceptable to me. Pray continue to keep up a correspondence, in which I shall not fail. We are in confusion in many ways, those who have abandoned Popery being disunited in the matter of the Eeligion by reason of a book which they have called Concord; which has cast such a barrier between us that our religion is more hated and persecuted by those people than by the papists themselves. Indeed the sparks of a greater fire are beginning to appear in the Imperial town of Aix, blockaded as it is by the Spanish faction, abandoned by our people, and persecuted by the papists. I have done what I could for their preservation. The division and disunion of humours has overthrown all good counsels, so that I have not been able to do for my good what I wished to do and could have done. People's eyes are nowfixedon the outcome of the Diet, at which it is feared that the authors of the Book of Concord will make every effort to suppress us altogether or at least to exclude us from the Religions-fried, the peace whereby we have rest up till now. Please represent this to the Queen, who assured me on my leaving England that Bhe would employ herself for the Eeligion on all occasions, as I am assured she will do. If she sent some one to this Diet, it will bring reputation and strength to our aide, and may break many schemes, while it could do no harm, For my part, though his Imperial Majesty has summoned me, I am resolved not to go there, and shall be content to send ambassadors with full powers. As to Scotland, I hear that all is going better there than was thought. I wish it so with all my heart. I have indeed been advertised of certain practices, wherein I am sure that the Queen will take good order, in view of her interests there. The city of Geneva is likewise in danger. Three very dangerous conspiracies have been discovered there. God has preserved them from these enterprises, but they are not out of. danger. I have nothing from the Low Countries which you do not know as soon as I, or sooner.—Blestadt, June 1582. Add. Endd. with date, Fr.

Zpp.

[Germany II. 81.]

ELIZABETH. 1582. June 7.

71

A.D.

77.

WALSINGHA.M tO CoilHAM.

I meant to have dispatched this bearer to you twelve days ago, had not her Majesty upon knowledge received of it caused me to stay him, since she would have none to go until she had, as she said, heard from Flanders. Yet I did not ' l e t ' to signify to her that it was necessary from time to time to send you answer to the things in which you require it; but indeed I am now commanded not to dispatch anyone without her privity, which is done only to save thereby some extraordinary charges. I have acquainted her Majesty with the contents of your last letter. She likes it very well, but she could have wished that upon the speech delivered by M. Pinart to your servant touching the marriage, in which he said Mauvissiere had written that her Majesty seemed to be very forward, you had taken occasion to let him understand that you had indeed received direction to make some answer therein to the king in case he sent to you or dealt with you himself about the matter, being neither honorable nor convenient for her Majesty, her sex considered, to become herself a ' motioner' in it. The advertisements I have received from you, * of some meaning' that the young King of Scots was to pass over into that realm, have been in many way confirmed to her as being true; therefore it would behove her to use some good mean for the well settling of her affairs. But all remedies are rejected and found unpleasant that bring any charge with them. Providence is esteemed but prodigality, and necessity is here president of the Council. I have been commanded by her Majesty to write to you to let tlie king understand how she has been advertised that a certain quantity of powder has been carried secretly into Scotland, even out of the lung's own store at Dieppe. She can hardly be persuaded to give credit to this, and yet it has been so many ways and so often ' informed' to her that it makes her remain somewhat doubtful in the matter. She would find it very strfuige, considering the earnest protestations the king has of late made of his good will and affection towards her, that he should suffer any munition to be carried in secret out of his realm into Scotland, where£ it is not unknown to all the world that she has some cause to be jealous' of the king's sound meaning towards her, having of late estranged himself from her as he has done, and requited with ingratitude many great benefits that he has received at her hands. She desires therefore to be 'resolved1 from the Mug of the truth of these advertisements. Thus much I have already ' meself' by her Majesty's command delivered to the French ambassador here, anil therefore you will do well at your next audience to concur with him in the like speeches to the king. I have not been unmindful to deal with her Majesty for Lord Hamilton's pension, and Lord Claude his brother, vino is eoffle here to sue for his own, has been earnest with her for that also, but this matter of pensions is very unwillingly hearkened to; antl yet «y

72

FOEEIGN PAPEES.

A.D. 1582.

things now take their course, we had more need to offer pensions to others than to reject those that offer themselves to be entertained. Monsieur has lately written to the Queen that he understands by letters from his sister the Queen of Navarre that at her earnest entreaty the king has yielded to bear the whole cost of the war, the marriage taking place. But as her Majesty hears nothing about it from.either of the king's ambassador or yourself, she gives little credit to it. It is advertised that Bellievre is sent into the Low Countries, and that they prepare to receive him very honourably. It is said he is sent to thank the States for the choice they have made of Monsieur to be their prince, and offer any assistance the king can give them; but you will do well to learn if you can with what charge he goes thither. For the diamond, I have acquainted her Majesty, and the lords that are interested in it, with the offer that has been made of 36,000 crowns. They do not mislike that, but they could not agree upon the point who should bear the adventure of sending the piece over. They have spent so much time in debating this that they think it will now be too late to send it, unless you there see that it may yet come time enough; in which case it is desired to be known whether present payment will be made or no. If not, then what days will be required, what assurances given, and who the parties are that will be found for the payments. I have acquainted' her Majesty with the stay that Don Antonio has made of the two pirates. Her pleasure is you should in her name thank him for the regard he has had not to proceed by way of justice against her subjects without her knowledge, and let him understand withal that she is very sorry, both in respect of the hindrance of his service and also for the offence ministered to her neighbours that her subjects have so misbehaved themselves as to commit the spoils they are charged with. She refers the punishment to him, to be laid upon them in such sort as he shall find them to deserve and think fit in. his own discretion to use. I have dealt with the merchants of Chester and told them what you had done in their cause; advising them to send some direction to Mr Marbury for following it up and to procure the gentleman some reasonable allowance for his 'travell' therein. But they have found it so little profit to follow up the charges they have heretofore been at about the solieiting of the cause that it discourages them from being at any more. But I will deal with them again and try what I ean bring them to. 1*01* the Almayn gentleman who has made the new deviees for the casting of ordnance and boiling of salt, you •will do well to answer both him and all others who shall make the like offers, that they will but lose their labour to come hither unless you see for yourself some such probability in the things as may deserve to be hearkened to; for we have found by experience so little effect to

ELIZABETH.

73

A.D. 1582.

follow of their new devices that we are now brought to give little credit to them. We hold it for a general rule that if the devices were good and profitable, the inventors would rather offer them to their own country than to strangers. _ For the Cypriot gentleman, there are at present three or four of his countrymen come over for the like purpose that he would do, so that he would but lose his labour to come and increase the number of beggars. You will therefore do well to persuade the ambassador . to stay him there, alleging, as is most true, that there are divers captives of her Majesty's own subjects remaining both in Barbary and in Turkey, for whose redemption daily collections are made. Draft, last few lines in Watemyliam's hand. Endd. hy L. Tommn, th date. 5 #p. [Frame VII. 96.] June 9.

78.

MAXJYISSIERE

to WALSINGHAM,

I must write again to thank you in the name of the king my master for the trouble you have taken with the Council kraeliing the case of the Frenchmen and merchants of Toulouse which they referred to the Judge of the Admiralty, who considered it prudently and made his report; upon which I doubt not that you have recognised the fraud concealed by him who acted as solicitor for the English insurers, as well to their great injury and detriment an to that of the Trench merchants, in order to entangle and confuse the wits of the arbitrators that they might not recognise the substance of the case. This was amply verified, inasmuch as those who acted for the Englishman without any credentials wotikl not wait to hear the judge's report, fearing that their fraud would be discovered, -which is why they set on foot the process, and caused the sureties of Frenchmen of good credit, and Englishmen, to be detained, in order to injure their reputation. This makes Die write to you again to comply with further commiinds received from the king, begging you to point out to the Council that after awaiting the tenor of the judge's report, those sureties may be released, and the case so decided that those Frenchmen may not be illtreated and entirely ruined contrary to the order of justice, but .may know that their case having been fully heard they may hope for a good issue.—London, 9 June 1582. P.S. {autograph).—I should not have importuned you so much over this case of the Frenchman if I had not had several letters of command from the king, who has been importuned by several friends of the merchants, who have followed the_ matter urgently there. For my own part, I am very sorry to give you so nuieh trouble.

June 8.

Add.

Endd.

79.

FEBJTSEK

Fr.

1 p.

iFmnce VII. 07.]

to

On Monday last, the 4th inst. the enemy began to batter Oudenarde with 28 pieces, both the outworke and one savelin

74

FOKEIGN PAPEBS.

A.D.1582.

continuing from 5 A.M. till evening. He had made bridges to cross the ditch to the ravelin. A stout resistance was offered by the inhabitants, who gave him a good dressing, and got the bridges into the t o w . The enemy however continues his battery steadily at three points, a tower, the ravelin, and a curtain. The besieged show great courage in their defence. They have been twice summoned to surrender to the Prince of Parma, lieutenant-general to his Majesty, wlie would treat them well in all ways, and grant them all that they would ask in reason. They answered that they would die sooner. On Wednesday evening some one got out, who brought a letter to the Lords of Ghent about the state of the town. It is in good cases and they are fortifying themselves strongly, having no fear of the enemy. M. de Mansfelt, the Marquia of Eisbourg, and M. de Manny brought the summons. They are making a great provision of fascines, pontoons, and ladders, which they have had made at Tournay, determined to make every effort to take the place before the arrival^ of his Highness's army; which it is said is in active preparation, and that the reiters are ready in the Cambresis, where a lot of Trench nobility will join them. It is said that the king is sending Marshal Biron to these parts with 25 companies of his ordonnances, and that all the commissions which his Highness had given here, 200 in number, the king has quashed them all but 30, which he has left to persons of quality, and that every company of infantry will be 300 men. There are a lot of promises on the king's part, as the report goes, which are to be executed through the return of M. de Bellievre. As for the state of our camp, to say the truth, it is in a rotten state (morfondu). There may be 2,500 foot, and some 1,000 or lj200 horse, such as they are. Nevertheless it seems that when Mr Korris's troops have arrived, which it is hoped will be shortly, these forces will be employed to succour Oudenarde, inasmuch as if that place were loat, it might bring about disturbances in Flanders; for which reason perhaps they will hazard what there is. However, it must be well managed, for if there be a failure, they will know all about it (on le connoistra u b<m eseient), It. de Kochepot commands this camp, assisted by M. de Yilliers as marichal de camp, who will quit that post when M, de Laval arrives with his troops, to be his lieutenant of light cavalry. Our soldiers are badly paid and in want in this camp, small though it is, which is not the chance for establishing good discipline. When God pleases, He will amend the faults and disorders which still are in these parts. The enemy keeps close shut up in his camp, without attempting anything against ours. We have been within a league of his, with good troops of infantry, aince the country is good for footmen, where wehave prepared ambuscades, and sent cavalry right up to their trenches to draw them out; but they never would come, which was wisely done of them. Our soldiers going to the front in small bands often kill or capture a good number of theirs. There fire more than 300 prisoners of theirs in our camp. They do not take any trouble to get them out. It is said that more of the

ELIZABETH.

75

A.D. 1582.

enemy have died before Oudenarde than before Tournay, in the approaches they have made on two sides, where it is said the Governor of Tournay has been killed. That is all for today (kni), —The Camp at Ghent, 8 June 1582. _ PS.—The enemy continues his battery steadily -with the 23 pieces, and 5 others which have remained on the other side where they set up their first battery, to batter in flank where the breach will he. Add. June 9.

80.

Endd,

Fr.

l^pp.

[Jffoff. <md Fl. XVI. 81.]

T. LONGSTON to L. TostsoN.

The post for this week is not yet come, so I have nothing to advertise worth your reading. Mr Gilpin went on his journey on Monday last. The Emperor will be at Augsburg about the 16th inst. so I trust Mr Gilpin will be there in good time. He left with me certain copies touching the money demanded of this town for Pallavicino and Spinola, but till I have further order therein from Sir Francis, I stay from proceeding therein; the rather that since the town's last answer sent to him, I know not what maybe otherwise resolved.—Antwerp, 9 June 1582, Add. June 10.

Endd, $p.

[Ibid. XVI. 32.]

8 1 . STOKES to WALSINGHAM. My last was the 3rd inst. since when etc. This week letters came out of Oudenarde to the lords of Ghent, dated the 5th, wherein it seemB they have written they are yet in good estate of all things} and fear not the enemy, do what they dare, for this month or six weeks, in which time they desire they may be aided. Also this week the enemy made with his battery a small breach over a water against Oudenarde, and incontinently after the breach was made they came with their boats and bridges and gave (in assault at the breach; whieh was done for a * proof/ to see how they were minded within the town, for it was given the Prince of Parma to understand, if any such attempt were given, it would put sueh ft fear amongst them in the town that it would make them fall to a parley. Whieh speeches they found contrary; for when they came, they found them so well minded, and so fall of courage, and their great and small artillery whieh played so fiercely upon them in such sort that they were glad to retire, and few of their boafe and bridges returned again, so that many of their good captains and best soldiers are slain and drowned, so it is thought tlwsy will make no more such proofs. Incontinently after this assault the Prince of Parma sent M. (k Montigny and M. && la Motto to offer parley, and offered them all that they would desire, to yield to him. But in no mm

76

FOEEIGN PAPEBS.

A.C.1582.

,

,

,,

would thev hearken to any such matter, so that they made them that answer, willing them to depart, for they would not yield so long aa they were able to withstand them. And as soon as they were departed they issued out of the town, and made a stout skirmish against the enemy's camp; and brought half-a-dozen of them prisoners into the town. Also at the discharging of their battery four of their great cannons broke, and slew their gunners, with many others that were about them; and the breaking of these pieces have by good repute greatly hindered their enterprise and made some trouble m their camp. The enemy has intrenched the earap before Oudenarde very strongly, so that the speech goes it is not possible to do them any harm, but only to keep their victuals from them, which are yery scant and dear in their camp. The soldiers of the Duke of Brabant's camp go daily to the enemy's camp and offer them skirmish; but none of them will come out There is still great desire here for the coming of the English soldiers out of Priesland, who are not yet come, for it seems some piece of service stays till their coming. This week those of Dixmude, who are five ensigns of French, whereof two of them [sic] went out to seek adventures, and by chance within half-a-mile of ' Ronsbrughe' they met two ensigns of la Motte's foot who serve there going abroad in like sort; and there they fell into skirmish together, which continued so long that the captain of Bonsbrughe had advice of it, who came out himself with one ensign more to their aid. But the Frenchmen did so well behave themselves that they overthrew them all, and took the captain prisoner and brought him to Dixmude. Speeches have gone here these ten days and more that Count Lalaing was dead from a blow that a horse gave him on the breast with one of his hind feet; but few gave credit to it. But now letters, are come from Lille that he is dead at Valenciennes of the blow, itorn a Spanish jennet that the Prince of Parma gave him.—Bruges, 10 June 1582. AM. June 11.

Endd.

%%pp. \Soll. and Fl. XVI. 33.]

8 2 . MACVISSIERE to WALSINGHAM. I am very sorry to importune you so often on so many occasions which arise in this office. However, since you are the person in the post to which I may have recourse, you will the more readily excuse me, when I ask you to be at the pains of reading the two memorials whieh I lately caused Oourcelles to lay before you by the wish of the Queen, after having communicated the subject to her by &e express desire of the king my master, who also desired me to speak about it to all of the Council. The larger memorial contains only the request of the poor people who are here to sue for their ship and the refusal that has been made to give it up to them in

ELIZABETH.

77

A.D. 1582.

virtue of the order made both by the Council and the Judge of the Admiralty. If you again consider their poverty and the justice of their cause, you would pity them. They have eaten their very shirts in prosecuting the ease of their ship} and without me they would die of hunger here. The other memorial which I am sending you contains a statement of various ships detained in various ports of this kingdom, found by one of my men who accompanied these people here, as stated in the memorial; and I am further assured of it by persons who tell me that there are a great quantity of others of which I _ will give you the names. Some are equipped for war, some in freight as will be verified in any way you please. But I must tell you that I have also had a very particular recommendation from the ting on behalf of the Hei-mine of Brest, of 120 tons, which was taken by Mr Henry Knollys, laden with cloths to the value of over £20,000 sterling, which have been sold within this realm. The vessel is still at Southampton, where the master went out of his mind with despair* and in that condition was taken to our Court by his wife and children, who aro pitied by everybody. I have pressed this ease before, but have had no success. I beg that the ship at Southampton (where it w suffering damage) may be restored; and I may say that if any English ships are known to be in French ports, let a note of them be sent to me, and they shall be at once restored, and such order shall be taken as will content you. Onee more, not to be troublesome, I beg that you will at least have the ships of Piriac and Brest restored.—London, 11 June 158A Add. June 12.

Endd. Fr. 1J pp.

tFrance VII. 98,]

8 3 . HORATIO PALLAVICINO to WALSIKGHAM. I wrote to you briefly on the 4th and sent you s u e h w p a j u l had. The more I consider them, the more I think that nothing certain can be gathered from them, save the malevolence of those capital and perpetual enemies of goodmen's repose and « " W f . % As to the vigorous execution of their designs, {pray God it may Ml short The full statement [? Vordinano} of those troops is not yet to hand; if I hear anything more about it, I will advise you. While I am staving here in complete idleness, a w a i t ^ , J ^ 1 * of his man's journey to Eome, I have nothing more at heart.than that all my actions should be of service or give saksfaefaonto hei Majesty; wherefore I beg you to let me know ^ r ? m l may male my desire apparent, for I shall not fail to use all diligence. Letters from Spain eame on the 5th inst, but there was nothing

you.—Paris, 12 June 1682. Add.

Endd. Hal. | p.

[/W* VII,

78 1582. June 13.

FOEEIGN PAPEES.

A.D.

8 4 . PIERO CAPPONI to WALSINGHAM. You will be probably approached I? facilmente ricierco] by Signor Hannucci for some favour, on account of the fact that my Yenetiaix partners have been left the creditors of certain sureties •who have failed. ' These persons have in England some goods which I should wish Signor Mannucoi to attach. I will at once have a power of attorney sent to him by my partners and the debt will be proved; but as everything depends upon being the first, I have not been able to send it herewith. I shall be much pleased if you will assist him and show him what favour you can, and I shall be under an eternal obligation to you, besides all the others.— Paris, 12 June 1582.

Add. Endd, Ital. 1 p. \IUd. VII. 100.] June 13.

8 5 . HEBLB to WALSINGHAM. I have been in Holland by the space of 23 days, where I met with Mr Gilpin, secretary to the ' nation,' on Wednesday in Whitsun week, at the Hague. That night he took his journey in good diligence towards Emden by Haarlem, as the surest way into Germany, whither his business addressed him. The same Wednesday came M. de 'Roka,' ambassador to the King of Navarre, to the Hague likewise; with whom I should have been acquainted, but that I refused the Earl of Hollock's supper, for fear of excess. The ambassador intended to travel to Utrecht, to_ see the place, and confer somewhat with the Land Eaed that might tend to Monsieur's credit, and assure them of friends enough for the supporting of their cause and liberties; which done, he meant to go to her Majesty. The King of Portugal's agent was at th& Hague, with commission for shipping from Monsieur, and had thereupon warrant from the States to make his choice, so he agreed with the owners, who without money will part with nothing. Yet he ohose three ships, which are not likely to be ready in haste, ' nor that action from hence to have any great heat/ One Martin Pro of Zealand was to be admiral of the Holland and Zealand ships. I am still of that opinion, for reasons too prolix to trouble you with, that the preparations in France will prove vain for Don Antonio; yet as ' Pedro d'Oro' assured me yesterday, I understand that 170 sail with 7,000 soldiers have already left France and are at Belle Isle towards the voyage. But please observe the sequel, and be advertised that the King of Spain has settled his government very peaceably in Portugal, provided for defence and offence, and remains secure against all invasion that may be offered him. Out of Holland will be sent one Griphens Buie, a civilian, to the sea-towns and to the King of Denmark about their traffic, and to be assured against the King of Denmark if he should persist in the new aggravations that he is imposing upon their ships and goods.

ELIZABETH.

79

A.D. 1582.

There is a secret contract passed between Monsieur and eertain frontier lords who hold of the Bishops of Oologne and Liege, and of the Duke of Cleves; which lords (the Count of Meure, de Lamarck, etc.), when the time serves, will declare themselves with the States of these countries, and with Monsieur. Truly a wise providence, and serves to great purpose to he well neighboured, and to weaken thereby their overmighty neighbours that' malice' this side. The Bishop of Liege has established the Inquisition in his country, which presages some great league made in that behalf, wherein he discovers himself first. Mr Norris and his troops are at last ' set contented' of some part of their pay and embark at Sehoorhoven to come into Flanders to the camp, not unlooked for, Monsieur having reposed his ' resting' (?) in them for the relief of Oudenarde, his other aids, that are looked for out of Prance, being alow. Mr Norris has 1,500 foot and 850 horse in the troops that he brings hitherwards, truly very gallant fellows and well appointed; and will have under him in all, when his regiment is full, 5,000 English foot at least and 700 horse. To whose government if he add exercise of religion, justice, and discipline (as I trust in his discretion he will regard that principally), he will do good service to these States, and quickly dissolve these petty divisions that are among the captains, more to his credit than any private desire could bring him to. At my return from Holland hither last Monday, I found two letters for me, one from the Earl of Leicester, the other from yourself, both so tenderly written, with such honourable respect to my poor causes, that I think myself bound to either of you while breath and memory remain. And truly as you shall find me towards you a creature that loves and honours you with his heart, so a thankful person to be commanded in whatsoever you shall impose; and if you vouchsafe to employ me in any cause you may like, I will render testimony of my obedience, with the truth and diligence that appertain. I thank you for yoTir favour promised me towards the ending of my cause with Mr Wade, to whom I will endeavour myself, as his good friend, not only to satisfy him to my utmost power, but be thankful for the regard he shall use to my present poverty, in which the impediment has consisted that he was not answered before this. I assure you that I have settled myself here to attend some oceasion that may be offered to do my country service, and therein to be at your devotion according to the place you hold. To the achieving whereof I have as small means as may be, having consigned my pension in England to the maintenance and bringing up of four little infants, children to a sister of mine deceased; besides which I have no other living nor aid; but I will constantly bear it out and by my painful endeavour make myself able to do somewhat. The 'rest' which her Majesty gave me for the ' answering' of my debts is in the disposition of the ffeflyes [ay. feoffees], who can do nothing as yet, till she have signed my ' bill of note' to the use of the country (?) that has bought her grant of the feoffees; and hereof it depends that I could neamp

80

FOEEIGN PAPEKS.

A.D.1582.

#

.

. .,

.

make satisfaction to Mr Wade, nor put him m assurance of that which in reason I should have done at the instant of our agreement. But my lord of Leicester by Ms last letter has shown me that the bill for her Majesty's signature is delivered him by Mr Osburne, and that he will not fail to dispatch it, with the first ' commodity' that is offered; which I commend to both your favours. In the letter you wrote me, you willed that I should inform myself whenee the bruit arose that we were in civil dissension in England, and to what effect it was so bruited, and from whom it proceeded. To which purpose I have set down in writing certain secret' collections' of my observing from the last of April till the 16th of May, which I hope will satisfy you, and discover that of which your wisdom shall be better able to judge than I either to eonceive or express in writing. As it concerns some mysteries indeed, I mean to send it by an assured messenger this next week, commending it to your secrecy. And if you vouchsafe, for increase of my credit here, which by my proper industry I have made somewhat, to write anything to the Prince, to du Plessis, to SainteAldegonde (who now is absent) or to Yilliers, it were my desire that I might have the delivering and the soliciting thereof in Mr Gilpin's absence. This were a favour that would give me countenance to do you some good service indeed. Referring it to your consideration, I leave it. In the rest, I have done her Majesty, and do daily, some good offices, that may_ express me her faithful servant; being in good terms with Monsieur, who uses me well, and has often conferred with me at good length of sundry causes. Yet I have been c shot a t ' here out of England by some means, whereof Marchaumont was made an instrument; who is now as far out of grace with Monsieur as Simier, and is like upon his return here to have Ms passport for altogether, witMn this month. You must have an eye to BaequeviUe} for I am advertised from a good place that he has both the will and the means to practise with us, and does in good earnest proceed to undermine us. 1 will inform you more of this by my next; for there is a plot laid to stir up divisions in England, and to win some interest in the Scottish Queen, that her Majesty may be constrained to favour some side the more, and to have need of them. I desired Mr Doyley to advertise you of some part of these things following, wMeh lest he have not done, I will set them down myself. First, the ' having' of Bouchain failed ; for Noyelles' intent, by his own imperfections, was discovered and resisted before the matter was come to ripeness, and he constrained to forsake his charge by flying to Cambray, leaving the reputation of a drunken sot behind him. Count Lalaing did not so much die of the hurt received from Ms horse, wMch was slight, as .of apprehensions, being discovered to have treated with Monsieur here; whereby he should have delivered up the charge that he had in Hainault and have revolted upon the first opportunity. But being prevented by the Prince of Parma's foresight, and threatened by his letters, it broke bis heart, and was the occasion of Ms death. Of this secret treaty, with him and others from hence, I have mentioned somewhat heretofore.

ELIZABETH. A.D.

81

1582. TheYiacountof Ghent, exercising at present the state of lieutenant-general under the Prince of Parma, is said to be apprehended and sent prisoner to the Castle of Tournay; which would make a great stay of things on the one side, and much alter our course here building upon some event unboked for, which failing might ruin the rest. (Added in margin: This report of the Yiseount of Ghent is found to be untrue.) And as far as I can perceive, Monsieur's ' refuge' for the relieving of Oudenarde upon the sadden depends upon the English forces that are with Mr Norris; for of the French troops that were said to be at Cambray there is as yet no certain • assurance. ( Mary,' Biron is on the frontier with the bands of the men-at-arms of France, whose disposition is not to give furtherance to those causes. The * Dutch Butters' appear not either, and so things ' run in length.' It would seem that the Prince of Parma is assured of somewhat, for in all security he has intrenched his army before Oudenarde on two sides; so that neither sally from the town can ' offend' him, nor without, ' endommayge' him without precipitation of our aide [sic]. He has chosen the ravelin before the gate to which the castle serves as a flanker, there to make his battery ; and has beaten it in in such sort that what with the ravelin that is fallen into the ditch, and a trench [sic] rolled into i t ' from his eampwards,' he made some ' mean' passage over, but not sufficient. Tet he assaulted the breach with great fury, and waa no less furiously repulsed. But he ' persists' his battery; by which ' he will prevail, if 'brief' aid come not. The town is not so stored with munition as was ' voiced,' nor their ability so great to defend, but if the place be lost, Monsieur's reputation and the Prince's will be shrewdly diminished, and the whole country ' suffer wrack.' It •was a hard ' province' that Monsieur undertook, to advance three months' pay beforehand of bis own money, amounting to 900,000 guilders; whereof if he miss, the States will return their portions and affairs be reduced to great difficulty. The letters from Italy coming hitherward were intercepted last week about Euremonde; yet it is constantly affirmed by other advertisements that 1,200 horsemen of the kingdom of Naples and 1,600 out of Lombardy, with 10,000 footmen, are marching downwards towards this service, and that the King of Spain -will set up •his rest here this year. The leaders are Prosper© Colonna, Baptista de Monte, and others. M. Bellievre has departed, leaving behind him a 'heap fall* of promises and fair words, grounded altogether upon * connivency, but otherwise upon small substance. He made difficulty for the passage of the reiters. through Picardy, the same being stayed by the king's commandment. He promised that the king would contribute 50,000 crowns monthly towards the wars, and that the passages of Calais and Mezieres should be no more open to the enemy; which is thought to hold no great sincerity for all his assurances. H e urged extremely the 'religious vrede/ and to have as nutivy churches for the exercise of the Catholic religion as the Protestants had, whereby you may guess what the Frenen ' p r e t e n d ' in the end. You will see, of my word, a homble 16077

*

82

FOBEIGN PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

,,

, ,

,

confusion, when the French army is assembled here, and some mischief hreak out that may not be written of. The Prince of Orange and Bellievre had most secret and long negotiations together, which is not a whit liked here. They harp still on the marriage with her Majesty, and aid out of England; it being very freshly given out that Monsieur will urge the Queen to a resolution touching the marriage and press her with her promise; Bellievre having left instructions behind him, so it is calculated, how to proceed therein, The Duke of Guise, beside the late provisions of powder and munition that he sent into Scotland, is sending more out of Normandy, and providing arms of all sorts for the same country. It is to be provided for in time; for be you assured that d'Aubigny will leave nothing undone that may warrant his own estate against England, or give credit to the Duke of Cruise's designs in Scotland. He has great designs in hand, of which I wrote to you and the . Earl of Leicester before. There has been some bruit here that Geneva was besieged, and that the French king concurred in that action; whereat one of the principal magistrates of this town (in margin: viz. Sanfort) said openly: " What the devil do we then with his brother here, to betray our cause, "We will rather dismiss him with a passport' to-morrow next,' and be rid of him without dread of inward danger." The Prince of Orange is subject to catarrhs and melancholy of late; also to passionB otherwise than his wit was wont to be inclined to. The former vigour appears not to be in him, being directed wholly by those that are near him. I speak plainly and truly. Sainte-Aldegonde is gone into Zealand to recruit himself, though a very ill air for a * Tysick,' which has prevailed much upon him and is thought to threaten his life. I have taken a house here, which costs me. after the rate of 200 guilders a year, so that I shall from henceforth be resident in this town, if you please to. direct any commands to me. Col. Morgan finds the Prince of Orange very favourable to him, having by his means a ' prest' of 6,000 guilders granted him, and a quarter for the assembling of his new ensigns. Besides the Prince is in hand to dissolve the new bands, and mislikes the division that is among our men, and ' namely' those that have opposed themselves to the former regiments. But when Mr Norris comes, I will do some good office, though part of them be unworthy of it.—Antwerp, 13 June 1582.

.

P.S.—Herewith is a ' retraytt' of Oudenarde, but I will send you one more ( absolute'; beseeching you to take this and the other papers enclosed in good part in the meantime, though haply you be furnished of them before. Also please pardon this my rugged hand, and the paper that in haste I was fain to scribble upon. Add.

Endd. 6 pp.

\Soll. and Fl. XVI. 34.]

\

I

ELIZABETH.

83

A.D. 1582.

June 18.

86.

COEHAM

to WALSINGHAH.

I thought to have delivered to the king what was contained in your last dispatch by Davis, and sought means to have had access to him, he being lodged hard by at Madame Carnavalet's house • but so privately that he permits no resort to him, so that 1 could fend no ' commodity' to be admitted to his presence. The Queen Mother and her daughter of Navarre repair at times to Fans, but sojourn for the most part at ' St. Moro,' to whieh house it is thought the king will shortly resort, and leave Fontainebleau. He waB the other day at Saint-Maur to visit them, and persuaded by both queens to send for his wife and the rest of the Oourt. The young queen, they say, is become lean and much altered with her diet, being very unwilling to go to the baths at Bourbonnais, though persuaded thereto by the king. M. Bellievre is returned, and has had access to Ms Majesty, but the occasion of his going to Flanders is kept secret. The Prince Dauphin, M. Laval, ( t h e ' Boehefoucault, continue their levies and preparations to transport themselves into the service of MonsieurLetters came yesterday from Guise in Kcardy, certifying that Monsieur's reiters are thereabouts, ready to pass into CambrGsis, waiting for some French horse and foot to join them, . The papists in the town of Foix in Languedoc have used violence towards the Protestants; whereon those of the Beligion took the castle, and so became masters of the town, in which broil were slain about 200. Otherwise all those countries are i» appearance in very good repose. Advertisements are now come to the Court that the King of Navarre returns ,to Saint-Jean-d'Angely about the end of this month. They say in Court that the king will appoint Marshal Matignon to take away the government of Blaye from young Langae. The Duke of Mercceur had letters this week from Lorraine that 12 companies of foot and 300 horse had been levied in Burgundy, and were beginning to march for the service of King Philip. The secretary of the Spanish ambassador had the other day a passport signed by the king to license certain Spanish merchants of Bouen to transport 100,000 erowns by sea to Gravelines, I have certified M. de E6au, the Duke of Brabant's agpnfe, of this; but I doubt he has not means to do as he would therein. The affairs of Geneva remain in a manner in the same state they were in, without any aefs of hostility having passed on any side,

FOREIGN PAPERS.

84

The Swiss cantons resolved in their diet to send to the Duke of Savoy, protesting that if he do not depart from the enterprise, they will lay to their hands, and use their forces in favour of those of G-eneva. Those of Bern have increased their garrisons on the frontiers with great diligence. Letters have come from Lisbon that the Spanish king was gone to Almeria with the Empress ; and further that the ships prepared for the voyage to Terceira had come together in the mouth of the harbour of Lisbon. The king had placed the Spanish infantry in and about Lisbon, having in readiness upon all occasions 6,000 bisogni and 1,500 old soldiers, besides the 1,500 Almaines. and had reinforced the garrisons in Setubal, Caseaes* and other places. The Marquis of Santa Cruz is commanded to keep the coast of Galicia and the port of Lisbon with 40 galleys. The Catholic king appoints 400 voluntary Oastilian horsemen to come to the frontiers of Portugal and 6 galleys to remain always in the mouth of the Lisbon river, -where he is likewise building three forts, fitting them Avith much artillery. Advertisements are come from the Indies that the person whom the king sent there last year was not received by the viceroy, but repulsed with much discontent. Letters are come from Terceira showing how those of that isle with the aid of the ffreneh and English have taken the isle of St. Michael. Taxis the Spanish agent had letters this week from Milan advertising him that at Savona beside Genoa 8,000 soldiers had arrived from Spain. There is little advertised from Italy other than the confirmation of the practice intended by the Conte D'Alandi Scoti, and the Marquis Dalvisini, and Danguissole, against the Duke of Parma, which was.discovered. The French king has been given to understand by letters from Spain that the Catholic king has commanded the Marquis of Santa Cruz in any wise to fight with Strozzi before he has landed anywhere.—Paris, IS June 1582. Add. and Endt. gone. 4 pp. June 13.

87.

COBHAM

[France VII. 101.]

to WALSINGHAM.

I have been visited by the governor of my young lord of BothwelL and understand from him that the young earl is zealously bent in religion, and well affected to her Majesty. He intends to return to Scotland about the end of July. So methinks if he might pass through England, and thereby beeome thoroughly confirmed in her favour and made assured to remain a friend in Scotland, it were well, I think I need not remind you of hia estate and ability, nor of the ' match of his marriage'; but I wish everyone ol value won

• ELIZABETH.

85

A.D. 1582.

to my sovereign. Those in these parts who tender her welfare doubt some practice is being ' trained ' in Scotland, upon the sending of the powder, and on the repair to the Guises of sundry who deal here in the Scottish causes. This our Christian king is not thoroughly well in health, having during his diet lost some of his teeth, and 'feels a disposition of a fistula in an evil place. He shows notwithstanding much cheerfulness, passing his time at St. Germans in causing new saints to-be made and painted. He waxes much subject to melancholy humours. The old queen with her daughter of Navarre intends to repair to Moneeaux before they settle at Saint-Maur. It is written from Italy in these last letters that 10,000 soldiers are levying in the country of Naples and other places of Italy. They certify from Rome that Signor Horatio Pallavieini's brother is released from prison, but left maimed in his arms from the tortures he has received. I thank you for the good hope you give me of my private eause and beg you to continue your goodness in my behalf, and that you will be pleased to show gracious manner to this bearer, lay nephew Kerton, who married one of my brother Tho. Cobham's daughters, and is returned from Italy. I hear the Bishop of Ross haa departed by the post towards Avignon; it is like into Spain.—Paris, 18 June 1582. Add. June 18, .

Endd.

3 yp.

[11M. VII. 102.]

8 8 . HORATIO PALLAVICINO to WALSISSHAII.

1 hear this morning that an Italian Mend here has received letters from Rome of the 28th ult. in which are the following words: ' Signor Pallavicino has been released from prison, but with his arms in bad case, and the Englishmen who were the cause of this trouble are so closely imprisoned that no onefcaowsanything of them.' You see that the cruelty of my adversaries could not be sated with the imprisonment and other ill-usage, without . adding torture, by which my good brother, naturally very delicate, must have been left in a condition not difficult to imagine. I never believed that the tyranny of that government could have gone to such excesses against an innocent person, and one against whom it was impossible to have any lawful evidence. But their malignity and perfidious disposition has easily broken all^ the bounds of law and justice. I pray God to do vengeance for it, or permit honest men to do it on earth with their hands; and I hope to see it, if I die of no ill other than old age. These letters from Italy mention that 6,000 Italians and 3,000 Spaniards were being collected for Spain and Portugal, In Lombardy 4,000 Italians and 2,000 horns were being collected for Flanders, to start at the end of this month. But those who are going to Portugal, if fortune, or Hie industry of nif.u Ao not give

86 A.D.

FOREIGN PAPEKS. 1582

June 14

, . , , them eause to find their occupation therein, I think it may be much feared will be employed to the injury of her Majesty, either in Ireland, or 'there,' having no doubt that the Spaniards inclination is stimulated with every persuasion by those of Eome. You can consider it better than I can suggest it—Paris, 18 June 1582.. Add. Endd. ItaL 1 p. {France VII. 103.] 8 9 . MAUVISSIEBE to BCKGHLEY and WALSINGHAM. I have several times spoken to you on behalf of an Englishman named Nicolson, whom I have found so trustworthy and honest that I would trust him with my life, and I esteem him the more because I am sure he would die for the Queen's service and for the honour of your country. And having a son who is English by his birth I was asked by my wife to give him Nicolson for his tutor, and as such we have kept him two years hi our service as one who •has many languages and much knowledge, even German, which among others I desire my son to learn. He has for the second time been imprisoned and maltreated by his relations, who would have his property. I know him to be the sort of man who if he has a crown gives it to the poor, and with all his knowledge, I never knew a man of a gentler nature. I have sent word to him that if he has committed the very least fault against his sovereign or in regard to the regulations of her state [en lapollitie de son estatj I should be the first to try to get him punished for i t ; to whieh he replies that if he has been in fault, has written or said anything in the least degree deserving of blame, he is willing to die, and that they may look into the bottom of his stomach and his heart without finding anything but the duty and service which he oweB to the Queen and her Council and to his state. Besides he was not brought up nor educated in England, nor indeed should he expect ever to have the means of living there, since a brother of his, a doctor of divinity, brought him up and taught him in his youth at Paris and has since maintained him at the universities, especially a t ' Loveins' in Flanders. If all that he says is true, and you find him innocent and an honest man, because I have chosen him to live with my son, I beg you to have him set free; if not, and he has committed a fault against your laws and your state, I wash my hands of him.—London, 14 June 1582. •£*•$•—I will here add, if you please, my recommendation on behalf of the poor Frenchmen who are trying to get two ships of theirs and their relatives, namely the Francois of Piriae and the Herinine of Brest, taken by Mr Henry Knollys with 80,000 crowns' worth of cloth which have been sold within this realm in the presence of the owner of the ship. He went out of his mind, and had a chain for two years round his body until he died of despair at the lose of all his property. His wife and children are every day on their knees before the king, with much importunity. I will send you further a note of 32 French ships which one of my people has seen in the harbours of this realm, as the bearers will tell you, if you will hear them, and 30 more in places whieh they have heard of by

ELIZABETH.

87

A.D. 1582

writing, of which I should like to speak in general to all the members of the Council. And I will say that if there be any stayed in the ordinary way (en nature) in any port of France and it can be found, orders shall be given for its release as soon as asked. Many disorders have been committed during the troubles by robbers and pirates which cannot be redressed, but for the ordinary cases there is a remedy. I am trying to get completion of payment to Mr Wareop, to whom the king has been pleased to make a gratuity out of his finances, seeing nothing in the ordinary way to which he could go for it. Please accept what I have added as necessary to the maintenance of the amity between these realms, for wMeh I have always laboured and do labour. Add. 104.] June 14.

90.

Endd. by BtwgMey-'s secretary. Fr. 3 pp. GEOFFROY LE BBTTSIBN

[France VII.

to WALSIKGH.UII.

Though owing to my long absence I have nothing worth writing to you, I will send this line both to recall myself to your Mud memory and to request thai if the gentleman, comes to whom you wrote in my favour for the ship of Havre, as I understand he is to come, you will favour those to whom I left a power of attorney in my absence, in order that by your authority and means they may come to a mutual agreement. I , . . . sir, that if Master Joachim is paid before my return, I may not be forgotten, I lent him some £7 or £8 in money, not counting various tools necessary for him to make his experiments, all in the desire that he might do what should be agreeable and profitable to you ailWhen I left London, I thought to come and see you in the matter of Joaehim and certain overtures that he had made; but I was in such a hurry to start on account of Sir Edward Union, that I was compelled to abandon all my other business. And indeed it was high time to get there. Two days later there would have been a great risk of his life, for he had a great part of his leg gangrened *and mortified, which had to be taken away with great difficulty since it was over the sinews of the foot. He had besides oedematous and phlegmonic tumours, all requiring different remedies, with great inflammation. However, thank God, who was pleased to bless otalabours, he is in a good way to get well, and I have a sure hope of it. Nevertheless I think I shall not be able to go and see yon as soon as I desire, for I believe he will not let me go till he is quite eared; and for my part I have plenty of business and should not like to leave it, both on account of the need j*hat I see in him, and for Ms own honesty, besides the love that ho and his son Mr Henry bear towards you, as I see whenever _ you eome into their conversation whether in public or in private. I had great fear at first for his life, beeauae the offensive vapours from the gangrened flesh injured the noble parts. He even fell into syneope and coma with other bad symptoms. Forfchigreason

88 A.D.

FOREIGN PAPERS. 1582. he made his will, and gave Christian admonitions to hie children, I perceive that he wishes to do a good deal for his younger son Mr Henry, especially in ready money, because he cannot make him his heir to the prejudice of Ms elder brother, and indeed Mr Henry deserves it, being of as good parts as any gentleman of his age that I know. I understand that he wishes to buy some place, wherein you show yourself much his friend. He holds himself greatly bound to you for it, and I testify to them all that I am sure you will willingly do them pleasure, both because Mr Henry's wife is a relation of Lady Walsingham, and especially because they strive to extend the kingdom of Christ, whereat you rejoice, as I have heard from you; and indeed they keep good order in their house and establish good ministers here. I think that M. de la Eoque is with you, who will tell you of the state of France, However there are still fears as to the naval armament. I forgot to mention that among Sir Edward's instructions (remonstrances) to his son one was that he should govern himself by your advice and that of those of the Religion; which he promised and I hope will perform.—Ouddle [Wadley], 14 June 1582. Add. Eiidd. FT. 2 pp. [France VII. 105.]

June 14.

9 1 . JOHN DOWES to WALSINGHAM. After my departure from Dieppe I went over to Havre de Grace, where hearing that companies of soldiers were being levied in Lower Normandy, I would not fail to go thither to know the truth about then- designs. It appeared that M. de Pervaques who is colonel of these companies, amounting to 50 or thereabouts, had charge from the king to levy them, and they are by no means assembled, and are being assembled with difficulty, at Lisieux, at E v J£°"V ^ e and Pontaudemer, and are distributed among ^eviUages round about those places. They have been levied * t Sof rdrumt h aand without much noise; which causes a t when

,™ t f ? f l $W are assembled they will retire S Bntanny, and it is said they reefed only that

1 8 of S S TST ' ^ «^y *h4 » em & the Britanny, wiU employ them in his enterprise.

butJZtt

S

7 6 S ^ P S °f

that

W a u l e d to the southward,

& e 12th h l s i J comT>aS'3 i«lS?T °n nd beard that some 6 g h o o d a la la file, file, and S Z> road to P ? ?y y™ ^tt hh teeh e ccc ^ighbom-hood and M. d f were SS > i^^ ff ?? - ^^ S m a i l ™ Ceoeur ™ aa nn dd of of M M. de Creveeoeur,

f ?rders

"**<»*» ^ the towns and Part J ^ ^ e rumour goes

t0 de

anffit it is hewS LTtT ^ ^ ^ borders of M. de Guise, a mat n m ne who finds their pay, and they are well paid, and live

ELIZABETH. A.D.

89

1582, on their own money. They say too that M. de Guiae is soon going to visit the Cardinal of Bourbon at Gaillon, and thence will go to give order along the coast. M. de Ligle bids me not fail to let you know that M. Capponi goes about very much with some Spaniards at Eouen who are great enemies of the Keligion, and even goes to mass with them at their chapel which they have founded at the Cordeliers in Eouen; for he and others have seen him going there and have doubted that when he returns to England he will do some turn for them.

.

As to what I wrote you about Geneva, it is held for certain that the enemy has retired defeated by their people, and that the Bernese have seized the four bailiwicks which they surrendered by composition. It is said too that the King of Navarre has sent two good captains into Geneva. Also that some troops of these armies which are being levied having been Bent into Gascony have thought to surprise the town of Eoix, belonging to him; but a good many of their people were left there, and they withdrew ' with a short shame,' and the King of Navarre has sent to the king, who professea to know nothing about it, and that it was none of his doing. In conclusion those of the Religion hold for certain that it is the culmination of their holy League which they wish to accomplish ; and nnder the name of the King of Portugal is understood by those of the Eeligion the king of the League, appointed by the Pope to accomplish it if he can, whatever pretext is put forward. I hear too that the other day M. de Guise sent those of his household into England. They went by MontreuiL and the governor conducted them as far as Boulogne. They erossed into England on the way to Scotland, to negotiate about Guise's enterprise. When " I have heard more fully, I will come to you with all diligence.— Eouen, 14 June 1582. Add. Mndd. Fr. ' Not same hand as No. 15, but same signature. 1J pp. iFrance VII. 106.]

June 15.

9 2 . EKBMYN to "WALSINGHASL. I have told you already how the town of Oudenarde had been battered with 28 pieces, on the 4th inst. at a ravelin, where the enemy gave an ineffectual assault. Since then they have gone on firing at the defences and some towers, without regular battery, firing sometimes 10 rounds, sometimes 7, and thai at intervals,, to astonish the besieged; even up to 1,800 rounds, without making any or very little progress, except upon the defences, seeing that they would gain little by battery. At present they are after trying to fill up the ditch with fascines and earth, having won the foot of the ravelin, to avail themselves of the earth when they are on the scarp, in order then to get to the foot of the rampart to effect their design, They have summoned the besieged to surrender, and it seems that they were content to come to terms if the composition were similar to that of Tournay; which was refused by the enemy. Thus the matter remained incomplete on either

90

FOREIGN PAPEBS. side, and the besieged were stimulated (enaigris) to do their best for their preservation, with plenty of entrenchments, determined to hold out to the end. If they will only do it, all will go well. His Highness has sent them a letter into the town, to be pi good courage, and that he will succour them shortly without fail. G-od grant that it may not be the doctor when the patient is dead; for if the place fails before his Highness's forces are in the field, there will be a good deal of murmuring, as there is. Meanwhile his Highness is making all possible speed, and people here are very slow in doing what is required, and in furnishing money, which causes their trouble. Our camp is small. There are some l}000 horse and 2,800 foot, who daily heat up the enemy's quarters. _ We have frightened him; he has withdrawn the cavalry from our side, and placed it on the side of Tournay in the meadows to encamp. Three companies of Burgundian men-at-arms are come to them and some infantry as a reinforcement. Mr Norris is not yet arrived in our camp. He is being devoutly awaited there. We are in a camp without money, victuals, or munitions; money, diligence, and good order are lacking to us.—Camp by Ghent, 15th June 1582 P.S.—You will have heard what has happened at Bruges. Matters are not going as they ought. Add. Endd. FT. l£j>p.

Jane 16.

[HoU. and Fl. XVL 85.]

9 3 . T. LONGSTON to With yours of the 9th f instantis' I received others inclosed lor M. du Plessis and ' Petro Bezari,' which t delivered to their hands respectively. Since then those of the 2nd were, in the absence of Mr Gilpin, delivered to me by Mr Danett, to whom in regard of your writing I am desirous to do any service I can. I will also, as I may, observe your commission touching these Dutch merchants' ships here lading for England, etc., ' though much rather I would that other ways the Queen should be contented by them.' These Dutch merchants have intelligence that their goods in England are like to be arrested to 'answer' payment, and therefore their secretary, whose name is Paul Aurad, ' pretends' a solicitation of the magistrates of this town, to procure and give contentment otherwise. And because I would learn ' what fruit were of it,' I spoke to-day with Van der Werke the pensionary, to know whether or not, since Mr Gilpin's going, any better resolution were taken for her Majesty's contentment, whereof they would have yon to be advertised. His answer was that no other resolution is taken in that respect than is mentioned in their last answer in writing; hoping that her Majesty will be satisfied therewith towards this town, and whereof to understand, thev are in expectation.— Antwerp, 16 June 1582. AM.

Endd. 1 p.

[HoU. and Fl. XVI. 36.]

ELIZABETH.

91

A.D. 1582.

June 16.

94.

MAUVTSSIEBE

to WALSMGHAM.

This bearer, a Fleming named Martin de Coester, a great workman rn coaches, carriages, and litters, asked to serve the Duke of Anjou when he was here; and as he is an affable prince who refuses nothing, he gave Coester hopes. Afterwards through the medium of his Highness he sought a license for beers; but his Highness having more important affairs at his departure, charged me with the memorial and note for the license, that I might speak, if it was her pleasure, to her Majesty. I have been so much solicited, that I have spoken to her, and she has referred me to you; also of some other matters about which I am sometimes asked. You told me in the presence of the Lord Treasurer, about 25 days ago, to send the said Martin to you, and you would answer him. He did not cease till he got this letter from me; which comes to present my humble recommendations to you, and beg you to give him such answer as you please.—London, 16 June 1582. Add. June 16. juf^TV Tii, P Isf'

Endd. Fr.

1 JJ.

[Frame VII. 107.]

9 5 . " State of the French army, raised for the assistance of ^ o n Antonio, King of Portugal, which sailed with him from BeUe Isle roads, 16 Jttne 1582." M. Philippe Strozzi, general of the army. Count Brissac, lieutenant-commander in Strozzi's absence. M. de Sainte-Soline, vialtre-de-camp of 15 companies: his own; M. de Borda, ?nwechal-de-camp, 2 companies; Captains Sauvafc, Bazet, Momeran [sic], Guillonville, Fautriere, Brame, la Batte, Alexandra la Valade, Anfcoine Sauger, du Buyau, each one company ; and Fauvelles, which is that of Scalin. M. de Buze, maitre-de-camp of 9 companies: his own; Captains Mommor, la Berge, du Dresnay, du Mesnil, Seavenacque, Arman the elder, de Plessis, each one company. The companies come with M. de Brissac:—M. de Beaumont hie lieutenant, two companies, of which the captains [«e] Ocagne, and Porquet his lieutenant; Captain d'Orival, who is m the count's ship, one company; Captains Boquemoret, Thomas, CrinvUle, Maueomble, la Bade, each. one. There are 50 sail, to wit, 30 ships and 20 pataches. There are several volunteers, among others M. de Pume'e, who joined with 5 vessels large and small, and 400 soldiers, commanded one company by himself, the rest by Captains Goninville, la Vale's, Thomas the elder, and Huitattlt. It is reckoned that there are in the army mote than 1,200 gentlemen, for there are some companies [with] 30 or 40, apart from the volunteers; ana the King of Portugal, Ms constable Bon Franeiseo de Mineones \gy. Yimioeo] and others of his suite.

:

92 A.D.

FOREIGN PAPEBS.

1582. Besidea 7 English vessels with French soldiers on board, commanded by the Captains [sic] Pardin, and another ship of war named la Fargue, -with its patache and barque, commanded by Captain Antoine Soalin, who are awaiting the fleet at Sables d'Olonne, to join with 700 or 800 men. It is reckoned that when all are together there will be full 5,000 fighting men without the sailors. Besides, M. de l'Andereau embarked more than a month ago before M. de Btrozzi, and he has in his troops about 600 fighting men. Endd. Fr. 1 | pp. [Portugal L 79.]

June 17.

9 6 , STOKEB to WALBINGHAM. My last was the 10th inst since that time ' having received' the speeches following. By merchants' letters from Lille it is written that Count Lalaing was cut open, and that they found in his body that he was poisoned, to the great discontentment of the commons under the Malcontents' government. ^ They also write from Lille that the Prince of Parma- has made Count Mansfeldt governor of 'Henogo'; which greatly mislikes M. de Montigny and others who think they have better deserved that state than he that has it. At Tournay, Lille, ' Corttricke ' and Armentieres they swore all persons from the highest to the lowest to be true to the King of bpam and to maintain the Bomish religion; and all that refuse this oath, they lees [loose] the Spanish Inquisition upon them. The like oath shall be used in all other towns under their government, so that divers depart secretly out of those parts, because they will not swear to maintain the Romish religion. But to swear to be true to the King of Spain, it seems they were willing to do it. Also by order from the Court here in this town, they begin to swear allBpersona of what degree soever they be to renounce the S ° f*m ™d to be true subjects to Monsieur, Duke of Jftaaant; far which cause divers go away out of the country

rtSfZ% % m l nB oSt (t a k ef uar nt hye such ° a t h -fOT So r trouMe m it is much feared J ^ T *Tl T > < ^ of the commons this town and hereabouts murmur very much against it. hiB enter

P™e against Oudenarde very ' the forces that are coming against ^ r e d that™ ^ ^rces a?e coming ls ven oo uu tt :: thereby it is muc much & w nn ii nn 8Ome 8 O m e dd ?7 p u t tt hh ee ttoow ^ g e r for for the the cannon llTl! >m ^ ^ger, 68 God send heni t0 be sucXed S t i l orf itr "will -?feral P^ " * not go well. The enemy's chief r m b e f o r e o n e of t n . t « town gates, and this IOTDftM

1 8 at the breacl1 oI ravelin and were~ vaHarfS,5™ ft?byT** were valiantly repulsed those* of the town, with^the loss of>their

ELIZABETH.

9S

A.D. 1582

good captains and many of their best soldiers. By good advice from the enemy's camp, it seems those within Oudenarde show themselves very valiant and of good courage, and fear not the enemy. So it is hoped the town will 'keep out' six weeks or two months, hi hope it will be succoured in that time. It is said also that M. de Licques is slain with a great piece from Oudenarde. He was one of the best friends that the Spaniards had of that side. Many speeches still go here of great forces of horsemen that Monsieur has coming out of Prance and Germany, and that the Prince of Conde" comes with them; whieh speeches have continued long here, and nothing else followed, so that the magistrates and commons in these parts begin to mislike them and the delays, especially those of Ghent. Two days ago 4 cornets of horse passed through this town, coming from the camp and are gone ' in diligence' to Meenen ; so it seems there is some enterprise in hand, God speed it well—' but not knowing' what it is. This is all I can write at this time, saving that I see and hear in these parts a great sudden discontentment among the commons because they see so small appearance for the succouring of Oudenarde; for if that town be lost, it is much feared it will make some new trouble, for the people's heads are much troubled for the succouring of that town and for the taking of this oath, for it seems that if that town were succoured, a number would be willingef to take the oath.—Bruges, 17 June 1582. P.S.—Great store of wheat and malt comes here daily from Sandwich, and they say there are at present four or five ships more lading for this place; and it is said that grain is scant and very dear in Kent, Also certain news is eome that Colonel Norris and all his soldiers from Eriesland, being about 100 sail of ships, are arrived at the Sas, which is the river that goes up to Ghent. So now it is hoped that something will be done for the aid of Oudenarde, for the enemy loses no time at it now with ' their' battery. This afternoon letters are come from Ghent that at 3 A.M. on the 15th the cannon began to play on the ravelin before the gate, and so continued till 10 o'clock; and then they gave a great assault, and were well repulsed, with great loss of life on their side. So the small number that are in the town show good will to keep it as long as they can. God send them to have help in time, for it seems the enemy is very eager upon it. Add. Endd. dm>- [Boll and Fl XVI. June 18.

9 7 . Passport for the Low Countries, valid for two months, granted by Don Bernardino de Mendoza to Francisco Cortes.— London, 18 June 1582. (Countersigned) Joan de Mandojana. Wndd, in Wahinghata's otfiee, Sf&n. Broadsheet. {Spain L 98.]

94

A.o. 1582. June 19.

.

FOEEIGN PAPERS.

9 8 . ATJDLEY DANETT to WALSIKCIHAM. I can advertise you of no new ' accident' in these parts since my last of the 17th inst. Oudenarde yet holds good, but I fear will in the end be yielded up, because I can hear of no likely succour to give them relief. Some say they have already had one parley with the enemy; which I dare not affirm to be true, because that were a manifest presumption of their distress. The Duke and the States would have no refusal at Mr Norris's hands, but he must needs to the camp, and join his force with M. de Eochepot, notwithstanding his sufficient allegation of unableness to do the enemy any annoy, or the distressed town any good, because of their small number of foot and less of horse in respect of the enemy's forces, which exceed them very far, but especially in horse. There is great expectation of horsemen under the conduct of the Prince Dauphin, and fresh speeches given out of reiters for Monsieur's service, and they are daily expected to be sometimes in one place, sometimes in another, upon the frontiers; but yet none appear, nor no likelihood to have them here in time to do Oudenarde any good. Yet to satisfy Monsieur and the States, and somewhat to content the Gauntois and the countries thereabouts, Mr Isforris repaired with his forces to the camp yesterday the 18th; but, finding their whole force so far unable to ' levy ' the siege, I think not with any purpose to fight, unless they find the enemy at some very great advantage. If either the town were able to hold out, or the States' forces strong enough to raise the aiege, men of good judgement here are of opinion that it were such a ' mating' of the enemy that he would not be able to bring a new camp into the field or otherwise this year greatly annoy the States. And surely if Monsieur's forces could come in any time, especially his horse, there were great likelihood to do some good in this time of service, and something would no doubt be attempted. Monsieur has stirred little abroad out of his own lodgings, except once, or twice to the Prince of Orange and once to the Prince of Epinoy. His Court is very slenderly furnished with gentlemen, either of this place, or of his own country, "and those few of the French that have been here, depart daily; whether to levy some force in France as some say, or for what other cause, I know not. t There is some speech here that Marshal Biron will shortly come into these parts, to attend continually about Monsieur; but this report is not easily believed by the French, and I think will be worse liked by others, beeause he is said to be one that has always by cunning practice deceived those of the Eeligion in France and being so 'notoriously deciphered' there that he can no more abuse them some will fear he may be an instrument to do the like in these parts.

By the enclosed I trust you will understand more particularly and more certainly the state of things here; for these from me are but mmores populi; which I pray you to take in good part as a signification of the duty I owe you.—Antwerp, 19 June 1582.

ELIZABETH. A.D.

96

1582, P-S-—This evening, the 19th, by certain persons of good credit arriving from Ghent, it is reported that on Sunday last Oudenarde was very hotly assaulted at one ravelin, being the weakest part of the town, and valiantly defended by the inhabitants, the enemy being repulsed with the loss of 400 men at least; and if haply they can hold good 10 days longer, the States make account to give them succour. Add.

June 19.

Endd.

2£pp.

\Uoll. and Fl. XVI. 39.]

9 9 . VILLIEES to WALSINGHAM. I have received the two letters which you wrote me through Mr Danett. I will do what I can for him, both because you recommend him, and because he is an old acquaintance of mine. As for Mr Norm I am bound to him by the friendship which his father bore to the late Cardinal de Ghatillon, and for the good reception which he and lady Norris gave me after St Bartholomew; also because Mr Norris deserves it, insomuch that I have always said openly to all who have asked of me anything to his prejudice, that I should be for him, as I have done and am resolved with the help of God to continue, although just now his Highness being in these parts I have not had the same means as heretofore. As for our news I can tell you nothing save that those of Oudenarde continue to defend themselves well and the enemy to lose heavily. Our people are encamped four leagues from the enemy, and will today be reinforced by Mr Norris'e troops. The succour which his Highness expects from France wae on the 14th inst. at Crevecceur, two leagues from Cambray. I think it will soon join, and that the enemy mil then be compelled to raise the siege with shame and loss; if he is not so sooner, for other reasons which paper cannot carry, hut you will be able afterwards to hear. There are coming to the enemy from Naples 18 cornets of cavalry, and 3 of Burgundiang, who have arrived; also two tercios, one of which has started from Barcelona and already arrived at Genoa, and the other is to leave Sicily by sea. To fill their place the King of Spain is levying 6,000 landsknechts in Tirol, There is no doubt that the Duke of Savoy is trying to make his profit out of them against the Swiss, but they are well armed and ready. Anyhow, the duke disavows the enterprise against Geneva. The Duke of Saxony and other princes are oii their way to the Diet at Augsburg. The Emperor has been ill, and they say has been stopped by illness. The Bishop of Liege has proclaimed the Inquisition. The Dake of Lorraine is banishing all gentlemen of the KeKgion from bis territories. Those of the Confession have presented a request at Cologne to have • temples.'—-Antwerp, 19 June 1582, Add,

Ettdd. FT. %Vp,

[BolL and FL XTL 96.}

96 1582. June 20.

A.».

FOEEIGN PAPERS. 100. HEBLE to WALSINGHAM, Last Friday those of Ghent sent to his Highness persona of 'principal condition,' to 'show' that on the Wednesday mght before those of Oudenarde had made fires ' out of the town' to declare some extremity they were in ; wherefore they came to ' bespeak his aid and advice. To which it was answered by him that upon his credit, before 15 days from Friday at the furthest, the place should either be really delivered from the siege by forces 'apt' to remove it, or by such diversions as should stand them in stead. Whereupon those of Ghent returning home chose 5 resolute fellows to bring this assurance into Oudenarde, of whom two entered on Monday before day and made signs acceptable to the beholders, that they of the town were willing and able to endure a longer time without precipitation of aid before it were thoroughly ready. But the enemy ' presently' that Monday gave a great assault to the town, prevailing little, saving that they would weary the defenders with continual labour. Upon the same Monday* Balagny, Governor of Cambray, sent a gentleman of importance to signify to the duke that the reiters were come to Cambresis and not to Ghimay, in number 1,500, accompanied by 800 French lances and 4,000 shot. He desired that they might not be removed thence suddenly, in respect of an enterprise of importance that he had in hand. This is confirmed, and other forces are come to the frontiers before Gravelines to pass that way, said to appertain to the Prince Dauphin. There are in Cambresis 1,000 footmen more to accompany these reiters, and 400 lances with other troops that daily arrive, but no pikes. This number cannot be defeated in their march hither with any 'parcel' of the Prince of Parma's army, unless he remove his ' whole power, and frustrate the siege of Oudenarde. The opinion here now is that the French king does in good earnest mean to 'make lame' the King of Spain's encroachments and ambitions. The King ol Spain will have, as they say, 200 sail of ships ready by the middle of M y to defend Portugal and to offend those who are not well affected to him, ag appears by letters of 29 May from persons of importance at Lisbon. From Italy it is confirmed that 5,000 Spaniards are coming hitherward, and 8,000 Italians, footmen, and 2,500 horse; besides the forces from Germany and Burgundy which, are come and coming. On this side, they most look to three things substantially. First, thatOudenarde be not taken, upon which the Prince of Parma is obstinate, by reason that his enterprises hitherto in besieging have had good luck, and now ' stands him most upon,' to prevail or to be rained. The second is that their camp do not disband for lack of victuals; which is very 'near' to follow, if they provide not

ELIZABETH. A.D.

97

1582. better and sooner. And the third is, that, those companies be not defeated by the way before they join the body of the camp. If Monsieur's army be once established, there will be nmnv reyolters on the enemy's side; yet some great and secret mischief is in hand, which will horribly discover itself within short space. There are 4,000 pioneers in preparation in Brabant and the united provinces, of idle fellows to be employed in the camp. The Prince of Orange is again troubled with his catarrh, which will be dangerous if it falls inwards, as it threatens. The duke also, with this moist weather, is keeping his bed" of rheum since yesternight.—20 -June, Antwerp, 1582. Add,

June 20.

Endd. ljjjp.

[Ibid, XVI. 40.]

1Q1. WAISINCHEEAM to COBHAM. This bearer being sent by my Lord Chamberlain to conduct his dwarf over, I could not let him go without my letter, to let you know that I hare received your last, sent by your nephew Kerton, and have acquainted her Majesty with the contents of it. Considering she has here declared to the French ambassador that you had commission to answer the king in ease he should either deal with you or send to you about the matter of marriage, which you have also been directed to signify to M. Pinart, she greatly marvels that hitherto she hears nothing of the matter; especially since it has of late been given out by Bellievre in the Low Countries that the king was for his part willing and ready to i)erforni whatever was required of him, and that the stay grows from hence, which gives her cause to conceive that the Icing has now no more disposition that way. For my own part I think that he mistrusts her meaning in the matter, and that makes him keep off. It may be, too, that h£ finds her years to be so far spent that he does not perhaps think it convenient the match should now go forward. NeTOi-thttless it will be well, where you have any convenient opportunity, to put M. Pinart in mind of the direction you have to satisfy the king upon any motion made by him to you; being not convenient for her Majesty, her sex considered, that she should seem to offer herself in the matter, or press it forward. Meantime they in France, as you may see by the enclosed copy of a letter which" I have received from M. de Yilliers, seem to be very desirous of our friendship, which considering the terms we stand on both with Spain and Scotland I for my part find it very necessary we should make our profit of. Bnt such is the common course of all our proceedings here, that whim we want the friendship of the great princes or neighbours we lament that we have not sought it, but when it is offered us, we una&o little aeeoimt of it. I have had this letter now about eight days* in ray hand, lm% can as yet draw 110 resolution from her Majesty touching the terkinty of

FOEEIG-N PAPERS.

08

A.». 158 . ^ T h e x h a y e ihongM g o o d to send you that you may both perceive how the French now of themselves affect the amity which I was sent thither to treat of last year, and also know the cause of M. Bellievre's ambassage to the Low Countries. For the Earl Bothwell, you may there use him with all favour and courtesy, and let his governor understand (to whom I pray you I may he particularly remembered) that if the young nobleman pleases to paBS this way at his return homewards, he will be very welcome, and receive all good usage at her Majesty's hands.— 20 June 1582. Draft, Endd. by L. Tomson. l$pp. June 21,

[France. VII. 108.]

102, MASINO DEL BENE to "WALsnsaaur. I wrote lately to you, and tried to refute with, the best reasons I knew the opinion which you wrote me was held concerning the king's mind in regard to the affair of Geneva and also of _ Scotland. In order that you may see with regard to Geneva how his Majesty proceeds, you must know that Lucerne was the place where five Catholic—that is, fanatically Papist—cantons held. a diet; where, at the persuasion of Phyffer and some others in the pay of the Duke of Savoy and at present perhaps of the King of Spain and the Pope, it was resolved to aid the Duke of Savoy in the enterprise of Geneva. But afterwards, in the general diet held at Baden, the authority of our king was of such force that the representations made on his behalf by his ambassador to that nation brought those five cantons back to the opinion of his Majesty and the others, and the twelve cantons have sent a magnificent embassy to the Duke of Savoy tending to such end as you will see from the copy of the article taken from the original as it was resolved in the diet aforesaid. Those of Bern did not send, being interested in the matter ; to whom his Majesty has sent word that he will be ready to observe point by point all to which he is bound by the treaty for the protection of Geneva, namely 15,000 crowns per mensem, and to let his subjects go freely to their aid and service. His Majesty has also written privately to Phyffer and others of the more factious to warn them that if they do not abstain from doing these bad offices towards him he will use all the authority he has with the nation to get them chastised as for a thing that may breed the rtiin of the whole. Albeit it appears that the Duke of Savoy persists in his intention; but it is hoped that when he sees the resolution of the diet of Baden, he will take a little more heed to what he does; and the number may possibly increase of those who have found themselves the worse for attacking that nation. Meanwhile he has a report spread in his Court that he has done nothing without well knowing his Majesty's will thereon; wlueli, in order that no doubt may remain, his Majesty will easily cause to be declared by his ambassadors how it is in regard to _ what was done in full Diet. You may believe me that in this matter the king is walking honestly (va di buon piede); and that the others are fuming with rage at seeing that contrary to

ELIZABETH.

9f)

. 1582. what they thought we are about to ally ourselves more closely than ever with the Swiss, Not being able to hinder it, they would like to _ stir up civil war among that nation in order that it may be ruined, and we consequently left unsupported (? prki). The Bernese are not asleep, and Geneva is provided with victuals and munitions^ for a long time, and every day soldiers pour (piovano) thither, with good testimonials from their ministers to their life and valour; nor do they lose heart a bit. Our king has been amusing himself for the last two months, without however neglecting business. The Turkish fleet departed at last from Genoa on the 10th. They say that it was going to Negroponte. There had appeared 140 galleys, and others to the number of 200 were arriving every day and taking in biscuit there, in order to start when the general arrived with the commission for the enterprise. This and the other fleet from here are keeping the mind and the plans of the King of Spain in suspense, and gave and will give us much convenience. God grant that we may recognise it It is full four months since I pointed out there that it was necessary his Highness provided some good chief, and that if he thought to conduct his affairs in the same way as last year, he was mistaken, and hia affairs would go to ruin; that in this kingdom there was no person more to the purpose than M. de Biron, whom I had so disposed that I felt sure that if his Highness asked for him he would make up his mind to serve him in any way soever. On this point I had great difficulty, the gentleman in question being very ill content with his Highness for the small account he made of him. To do these offices with his Highness, I addressed myself to the Prince of Orange, from whom I have never had any particular answer; only in a general ^yayby one of Ms he tells me that he has received several letters from me full of good advice and advertisements, of which on occasion they will make capital, .without however saying anything else to me of it. His Highness lias written to the said gentleman by MM. BelHfevre and Villeroy, asking him to write to him, with commission to Belliftvrc to press him to consent. This he has done, and has brought back an excellent answer. If his Highness had done it when I advertised Mm, with a great opportunity for the waters with a chief like him, there would no longer he siege laid to Oudenarde. I wished to tell you of this, assuring myself that her Majesty will be pleased with it. The gentleman in question has not acted like them; rather he has hud a good remembrance of the trouble I took over it, and as soon as lie received his Higlmess's letter, he sent it to me by a Secretary of Ins, and sent me word that I should go and see Mm ami he would tell me the rest. If I had wished, as they say, to look at tli« matter minutely, I should long ago have made a retreat with very good cause, which I had done at the time vrhun you were here; but as it is a question of ruining the Pope and Uife Spaniard, I must at once put myself in the traces again; and in the hands of that gentleman I saw a letter from a personage who gimfew all the uffitira of his profession, in which in these iomiss he bids him have patience

100

FOKEIGN PAPERS. .

A.D.1582.

. • , " , ,

h propos of some discontent of his, and that things between the neighbour and us were in such a state that they eould not long stay so. I beg you to keep me in your favour, and to make in my name humble reverence to her Majesty.—Paris, 21 June 1582. (In French.) "Touching the warlike movements whieb. may '' supervene between our allies of Bern and the Duke of Savoy,_ we " have dispatched a notable embassy to go and visit his High' ness, and admonish him to peace, and to withdraw the garrisons ' which he has placed on the frontiers of our confederates. "We 'have made a similar representation to our allies of Bern. If ' they liave any claims the one against the other, let them dis' charge them by the way of justice according to the conventions f that they mutually have. We can in no way tolerate the conf tinued stay of the garrisons on our frontiers, and we hope that. ' both parties will accommodate themselves to our representations. " Otherwise our lords and head men (superimrs) will take steps " that our common country may remain in peace, and that our " neighbours be not disquieted and disturbed." Extracted from the acts of the Diet; where it befell, very amieh to the purpose, that our ambassadors happened to be. Add June 21.

Endd. Ital.

103. The

5 pp.

[France VII. 109.]

KING OF DENMARK

to the

QXJBBN.

We have received your letter in which you aim at testifying to the goodwill which you have shown towards settling the business of Herman Oldensel and John Elmenhorst, citizens of Lubeck, commended to you by us, and then show the reason why it was not your fault that it was not finished. The substance of this letter having by our order been communicated for their information to those whom it concerns, they replied that they would not deny that you put forward no uncertain arguments to show your devotion to their cause, for which they expressed suitable thanks. But if their demands have failed to obtain the issue that was meet, they do not lay the blame on you, but only upon those to whose care and good faith the cause was committed. For they affirm that Backford, the .accused party and their opponent, is so backed by the patronage and good will of his relations, who are in high favour and authority at your Court, that it is hardly probable that the business and the arguments on both sides have been honestly reported to you, much less conducted with them. This they would prove by the fact that you mention on the evidence of others, a w °Uf « ', t I i a t tlie >' W 0 I l l d u o t accept the sum of money ottered them unless they obtained from you the right to export ~uo cloths free of the usual payment. For they say they did not propose this as a eondition in the present business, but by way of-a petitaon, that having been several times spoiled of their goods, and detained there so long over this case, while the exportation of cloth *as generally forbidden, they might have leave to send over >>00 pieces on payment of your customs' dues

A.». 1582. As for their refusal to accept £tM 14s. 4d. as compensation, it was because that sum did not equal the amount of their expenses and losses, much less the value of the plundered goods, and therefore they could not honestly subscribe that condition. Also at that time they declined to prosecute the case further, both because they are unable to bear the necessary expenses, and because the accused with his patrons was their superior iu authority and favour, which though it ought not to do so, usually has great weight in judicial affairs. But since the accused calls for law, not because he relies on law, but that he may entangle the accusers in legal complications and so exhaust them and compel them to drop the case, they have to ask [•>] that they may either obtain their rights against the accused without a i^rolix jirocess of law, or by an order take their case elsewhere to a court which would have fewer suspicions agaiust them. So, as that misfortune befel them in our waters, they have called upon us for permission to have that tried by our leave [?]. We have preferred however to intercede with you again, that you would first see to the clearing up and removal of all the suspicious matters with which the defendant's case appears to be packed; and next, since the owner of a pirate vessel is bound by universal [covimiuii] law to [make good] all property stolen and damage done, even if only a part or none at all has come into his hands, and his agents have fled away, and it is clear that Seckford was the author and chief doer of the crime, and thus the case is plain and open, and needs no further explanation in the law-court, that you would seriously induce Seckford, setting aside any longer delays and other dodges [praestigiis] which he and his patrons are seeking by process of law to compensate them for the goods stolen and damages incurred, and let them have no reason for further eomplaintj or the adoption of other methods. Copy, Endd. with date. Latin, %$pp. [Denmark I. 14.] June 22.

104.

DUKE

CisraiR to the QUEEN.

George Zolclier, a citizen of Strasbrarg, having represented to me the services which he has done, and wishes to continue, to your Majesty, begs me to intercede for him that you would appoint him some annual pension, with the post of eoiu-ier or messenger to yourself. I beg you to give him a share of your favour.—Fridelsheim, 22 June 1582. Add. June 22.

Endd. Fr.

% p.

[Germany II. 82.]

105. HEKEY EICHABDS to WALSINGHAJI. Tercera, 22 June.—I must let you understand the arrival of Monsieur Landrew [PAndereau], who came with. 8 sail of small ships and pinnaces, in which he brought between 600 and TOO soldiers. Shortly after, in the road here, ha brought two snipes more, about the' burden of 200 tons apiece: one he made I its

102 A.D. 1582.

.

FOREIGN PAPERS.

. . . / ' admiral,' the other his ' vice-admiral.' Having so done, and refreshed himself and his company, he determined to set sail for St. Michael's, where myself and another English captain called Sackfilde, in two small ships, accompanied Monsieur, being our general. Coming { thwart' Eoad of St. Michael's we discovered 6 sail of Spaniards at anchor under the castle ; two of them great galleons, being admiral and vice-admiral to the other four sail, they being caravels, yet very well provided. It was agreed by our general to 'put in with' the road, and he to hoard the admiral of the Spaniards, commanding his grapnel to be cast into the Spaniard, he being off the shore, and ' accorant' [qy. a current] against our general, was [_sic] put to leeward,. and could not ' fetch u p ' the admiral, so that he did little good. M. Truiie ('>}, vice-admiral, boarded the Spanish vice-admiral. In boarding, the captain of the Ifrench was slain, with 60 or 70 men the most of them slain. She was extremely spoiled with great shot, so that they had great ' care' to keep her from sinking between St. Michael's and this place. There were aboard together [or qy. to get her] 6 only; and for my own part and the English captain, we discharged that we agreed on. judge divers of the Spaniards were slain; they came from the shore with fresh men aboard the Spaniards. This was all we did against St. Michael's. Daily we look for the coming of M. de ' Stros.' It is reported he comes with 50 or 60 sail of ships, I doubt his coming, for the island is of such force that if no more aid comes, we hope to ' defend' the enemy. Add, Endd. 1 p.

June 23.

[Portugal L 80.]

106. M. DE HAISSB to the QUEEN MCEHEB. Considering how much it imports the king's service today to be faithfully informed of all movements and their causes, I would not fail to dispatch to you my brother, the present bearer, to advertise you that his Holiness, taking the same road which he is said, as I then gave you to understand, to have essayed last winter, a fortnight ago made very pressing advances towards the ambassador of these bignioi-B at his Court, about a league offensive and defensive of the Catholic prinees, and for' two consecutive days treated of this business alone with him, deeming that he could thus conduct it more secretly than in full' senate/ as would have been done by the other. Wherein, among other persuasions which he used to attract them, he is said to have assured him that he would make the Catholic king intervene as principal executor, towards whom he was to that end dispatching Signor Odescaleo. He felt sure that his Majesty s good will was such that he would not fail to enter into this plan (parti). He had moreover offered to give these Signior s as tt perpetual security for this league the territories of Ravenna, and Oervia, they handing him for them 300,000 crowns once for all. Benig advertised by their ambassador of this negotiation, after noiding several councils on this affair they have let his Holiness

ELIZABETH.

108

A.D. 1582.

know that as regards the league offensive and defensive they have by no means resolved to bind themselves to it, both because they wish to remain at peace with all the princes ' comprised by it,' without making further enquiry about their religion, and because tney see that the affairs of Italy, and particularly of their own state, are so tranquil that there is no need at this moment to have recourse to defence. Having dispatched [sic] a courier to Borne upon this resolution, the Pope has thought it well not to content himself with the first refusal, but to return again and more hotly to the charge by Ms resident legate here. This was done four or nve days ago, in such wise that their dealings about it are very close and these Signiors occupied in making up their minds. _ I will not offer any judgement on this proposal, nor on the intention of his Holiness, because you have been, and will in future be, able to see something of it by the recent action compared with the preceding words and promises. It will be sufficient for my duty to warn you to be on your guard lest in this affair there be something concealed; inasmuch as in all that has been or is being discussed here, no design or basis has been mentioned of aiding France, bat simply of making a conjunction of the forces of the Catholic princes, to attack and to defend themselves against states and princes who have accepted another religion, which is a thing very remote from aiding. It has caused these Signiors to walk cautiously, fearing lest under a generality of words and without specifying anything, it is desired to bind them, in order afterwards to compel them to declare themselves so far as, and against whomsoever, it may seem good to his Holiness, who, accordingly, is not likely to get from them an answer other than the first; all the more so that any instance to this effect has proceeded from the Mng, and they cannot think, seeing the good credit which he has in this Signiory, that if this practice tended solely to the assistance or good of France, it would not have been set on foot, or at least aided by his Majesty's favour. Hereupon, Madam, I feel sure that in whatever position affairs here may be, you will know well how to command me what you will, when you perceive there is need of it. Meanwhile you cannot enlighten yourself better than by having attention diligently paid to the doings of Odesealco, in order to compare them with those of the ministers who have been sent to you from his Holiness to entertain you '_ upon' offers and words, while he niakes every effort to conclude this league ; and for the defence of Avignon to put as many troops as possible in Provence, whieh are aids and remedies that sometimes result in great local inconvenience, principally where by internal divisions foreign armies are nourished and swstainea, Which may G-od not permit, but as it is hoped here give yon grace to conclude bj your prudence a final agreement between tlwrn peoples, to the great good of the king and the trauyuillity of his realm.—Venice, 23 Jane 1582. P>S.~-There arrived in this town a fey days ago a servant of the Duke of Florence. He hats this morulng had seeret audience of these Signiors, and pursued the same subject na the legate of his

104

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A..0.1582.

Holiness is doing. This makes me humbly bog of you to let me know the king's intention and yours, for the hope I have of bringing the Signiors to a complete settlement herein. (Signed) Hurault, Copy, made in France. Endd. in French; Duplicate of the letter which the ambassador of the King of France at Venice wrote to the Queen the 2Srd June 1582. Fr. 3 pp. [Venice I. 5.] .Tune 23

107- COUHT DA SILVA to WALSINGHAU. I have always much wished to write to you, but I lament the business which I have ; which is such that till today it has not let me have an hour to do it. Now I have desired to steal oue to remind you that in this island I hold myself so ready to your service as you will plainly see ii you like to send me word wherein I may serve you, or occasion offers in which I may show it. I hold myself bound to do this for you, aB I am your debtor on behalf of the king my master. And how delighted I am with this, I trust in God to show you clearly when I get to Portugal, where I shall bo better able to do it. I shall be happy if meantime you will send me word to this island of anything for your service, that you may understand the good will with which I will see to it, and the desire I have to have an opportunity.—Angra, 28 June 1582. Add. Endil

June 23,

Port. £ p.

[Portugal I. 81.]

108. HORATIO PALE,AVIOINO to WALSINGHAM. Since my last to you I have heard more precisely what were the tortures that my brother and Signor Prospero Spinola had in prison at Bonie. So grievous and eruel were these that they could not move "even though four weeks had elapsed, and my brother could hardly sign his name so that the characters (litvratm-a) might be recognised. He still remains at Borne, not securely confined, not daring to write to me, and has informed of his state through a third person. I doubt above all things that these most reckless and cruel people will never let him go, and that he remaining subject to their lack of judgement (indmreaione) will fall from one mishap to another. If M. Arnault does not help him in so small a matter as his release from the aforesaid confinement, I skajl judge that it is hopeless anxiety, and shall take steps at once to set myself free and to be independent of them in things small and great, and be entirely free without prejudice to my brothers, to whom I have explained the necessity m regard to this, and I ought soon to have a decision trora them. Letters from Spain of the 12th inst. are just to hand. The king who had been IHWM
ELIZABETH. A.D.

105

1582.

unwonted diligence to the affairs of Flanders, and that lie p the French more and more every day; of which they talk pretty openly in Spain. Signor del Eerie is sending you a letter.—Paris, "23 June 1582. Add. Kndd, Ital June 23.

1 j>.

[France VII. 110.]

109. AUDLEY DASBTT to WAISINGHAM, Since my last of the 20th inst. sent by my brother, no great matter has happened. His Highness is very well, and of late has openly exercised himself, at tennis, in riding, in miming at the ring, and sometimes hunting the otter with spaniels in the water. The Prince of Orange has also these two or three days been present at these sports and exercises ; the swelling in his left cheek being clean assuaged, and he in outward show, God be thanked, in very good state of health. Oudenarde yet stands fast against the enemy; who having since Sunday last ceased to batter the place with his artillery, is feared to have wrought by some undermining far into the town. And albeit in this point the fear may be greater than the danger, yet there is no likely hope of succour in any time however speeches are given out by such as wish them well; because the States' forces already assembled are so far inferior to the enemy, .that the resolution is taken here not to hazard anything upon so great a disadvantage, and the supply of other forees which ie daily expected are so long in their journey that the town is in danger of being gained by the enemy before their arrival. M. de Boehepot, who is master of this new camp for his Highness, with certain forees, English, French, and others, to the number of 500 foot and 200 horse, has inarched towardH Bruges and DontaiK, to surprise a convoy of the enemy's, as m reported; but i^w believed rather, to find some fit opportunityto jom wtii the 1 m e forces that are already said to be come into Purely, and. eeitem reiters arrived about < St. QuintenW and so march in more mifeiv toward the camp near Ghent. It is said for certain that M. de Famars f f has this morning at break of day surpiwl Arsehot, a moment, because it cuts off some trade to Louvam. * Englishmen that seem to know the place very t r e l h « f p gotten being slenderly ^^ ^^ ^^ that it was easily gotten, y being slenderly States will never think it worthy the plantin S t illthe enemy.—Antwerp, t h i k it orthy 'the planting it tagainst 28 June 158&of a gamson to Add, Enid, FL XVL 41.]

June 28.

by BnrgMey't secretary, 1* 1>J>-

110. FKEMYN to 'WALSIN&HAM. B is 8 days u n * I irtfte *» J<» *™n to place M. de la Boehepot «et out yesterday w*h and exeeutti some t i

U^-

a

"<1

106 A.D.

-

FOREIGN PAPERS,

1582. Last Sunday the enemy delivered an assault on the ravelin of Oxulenarde, when they were well beaten, and repulsed with great loss; which makes the Prince of Parma despair of being able to take the place, whereas at first he represented it to himself as easy. They are short of powder and shot, which is the reason that they have tsince made no attempt on the town. The Prince of Parma •has sent for munitions to Lille and other neighbouring towns, which they have refused, saying they did not want to leave themselves unprovided ; in such wise that some rest has been given to the place, enabling them to entrench and fortify. The enemy reckon that if they win the ravelin, they can plant their artillery there, and that they will easily achieve their design of carrying the place by assault. They are having pontoons made to cross from the ravelin to the rampart. The ditch is wide, and they will find themselves in a difficulty there. The besieged are in very good heart, if only it continues. They have all things necessary. Spies go in and out daily, who have reported to his Highness that he is to run no risks to succour them ; but make his preparations very securely, and that with God's favour they can hold out a good two months. His Highness5s reiters arrived in the Cambre~sis 5 days ago, aud are at present 4 leagues this side Oamhray, where they have been joined by S regiments of infantry and a lot of noblemen, who come there daily; insomuch that in a few days they reckon to succour Oudenarde. There are also a lot of French troops assembling round Guise for his Highness. Our camp is being fortified daily. Mr Nome's troops entered 3 days ago; they are fine. There are in our camp at present 4,000 foot and 1,200 horse ; but the mischief is that they are so badly paid that it is pitiful. It is more than six weeks since any money has been giveu to the soldiers, or provisions, which is a cruelty that will cause disorder if not promptly remedied. They are so long here about carrying out what they promised his Highness that one can see no beginning nor end to it; which delays all good business. In short, there is bad management on every side. Part of the enemy's forces in Prieeland is on the road to Brabant mice the English troops are departed. They mean to make a flying camp w. Brabant of which M. de Haultepenne will be commander. Last week Bergen-op^Zoom thought it would be surprised by the enemy, who attempted it two nights running. M. de Uamars, Governor of Mechlin, with the neighbouring garrison, has, as they say, surprised the town of Aerschot at dawn today, with 800 harquebusiers. There were two ensigns in it. It is not yet a certain thing, for his Highness has as yet received no letters. The people of Mons would not allow the bells to be rung for the death of Count Lalaing; saying that he was a traitor and had resolved to deliver their town to the Duke of Alencon. The Chevalier Breton, captain of his Highness's guards, does not

S i?°?\ ^ l o d £ W b( * aus e his Highness gave orders that he would not lum| him eome to Court any more; wherefore he will

ELIZABETH.

107

A.». 1683.

not walk about the town unless he is permitted to go to Court. Mean-while Quinsay governs his master. God grant that it be for his Highness's service and the good of the country. Last Friday a number of sailors came to the lodging of the Chancellor of Brabant, threatening him and all the councillors, saying that he had favoured the sailors of Brussels against them by making them unreasonably lose the lawsuit which they had in their town ; for which cause, if they did their duty, they would sack the whole place so long aa chicaneries went on—which much astonished the Chancellor and all his councillors. He wanted to commit some of those gallants to prison, by his sergeants, which he thought would break up (gaster) the whole thing. They said there were 1,500 of them, to smash (azmmmcr) anyone who attempted anything against them. That is how the commons talk ; it is a very serious matter, however. I am sending you a letter which has been sent me from Strasburg. The Diet continues; M. du Plessis is to be there on behalf of his Highness- M. de Bellievre sends word hither that the fang will do all he can for his Highness. Some boats of the Malcontents passing by M&deres were plundered by the commons of the suburbs, to the number ol three; for which reason no more boats are at present going on the Meuae, fearing to be served the same. The king's attorney of the town en a fait um force tfaagwte (/) to chastise those who did this.— Antwerp, 23 June 1582.' P S —Mr Norris is in this town. There are some of them here from Brussels who ask for 'temples' to say mass; which is not acceptable to many, nor other things that are going on. Add. June 24.

Endd. Fr. 3j>2>. [Ibid. XVI. 4%J

111. STOKES to WALSINGHAJI. My last was the 17th,

Since that time etc.

This week the enemy has given two great before the town gate of OudeBarde- The * at the first assault they could not fasten on it J repulsed • but at the second, which was given two enemy came upon it with such a great; teoe m sueh M made the townsmen give place, so that they go* thj, nije m

X08

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.I>. 158-2. to yield the towu. But after they heard the trumpeter's message they willed him to depart and come no more with any such message, for if he did, they would lull him; -with farther speech they sent to the Prince of Parma by him, that they were better able to keep the town than he was to get it. So these speeches show they are able to keep the town yet for a time; and all the captains and soldiers that are in it are all Flemings. Last week there passed through this town towards Meenen 4 cornets of horse, -which came from the camp beside Ghent; and two days ago there passed by small troops, in like case from the camp, 600 of their best horse and about 1,000 of their best loot, who are gone towards Meenen. Of captains are gone with M, de Rochepot, M. de Teligny, M. de Yilliera, M. de ' Villeneife,' and Ca.pt. Yorke, with others of tbeir best captains, and from this town are gone '200 of the best French soldiers; so it seems they have some great enterprise in hand, God send it to take place ; but what it is no man ca\i tell, for it is kept very secret. This week the enemy burnt a very fair open village called Ldiighem, within. 2 small miles of Corttrick, belonging to M. de Rassinghien. This village was ever on the enemy's side, and paid them weekly a great tribute; so the burning of it is strange to all men. There is also great speech now here that Monsieur's forces out of 'Docheland' and Prance are ,conie to Chirnay, which is _ on the frontier not far from Marieubourg, and that their meaning is to march through the country towards Brussels; the number of them to be about 9,000 horse and foot. God grant it be true.—Bruges, 24 June 1582, Add. Emld. hy Burgkle/s secretary. 2pp,

June 24.

[Ibid. XVI.

112. :iTherelation of the army, men and ships, which departed from the haven of Lisbon on Midsummer evening towards the Terceras." Galleasses, %; galleys, 12 ; galleons, 5; ships, 82; 'patages,' 17; <;ahma, 15 ; caravels, 14; frigate, 1. Total, 98. Soldiers: The tercio of Don Lope di Figueroa, 20 companies The tercio of Francisco de Bobadilla, 12 companies The 7 companies of the Castle of Lisbon The 4 companies of Oporto The 4 companies of Andaluzia The 4 companies of Almaines -' The 8 companies of Italians Total soldiers

-

8798

ELIZABETH.

109

A.». 1582. Number of mariners embarked Number of the men who row . Gentleman adventurers with their servants and certain captains, ensigns-bearers, sergeants, soldiers entertained beside the aforesaid ordinary bands -

8828 2708

436 15765

There are moreover to join with this army 2600 Spaniards who are the Isle of St. Michael's under the charge of the Master of the Camp Augustin Yniquel

2(500

The army is furnished with the following victuals and necessaries which are to serve for four months. A. lint follows, inchidiny .Biscuit, meal, wine (4900 pipes), cyder (450 pipes), bacon, cheese, salt beef, ' a kind of salt fish called Atun,' sardines and herrings, pease, beans, oil (8850 'rouves'), vinegar, water (4fi00 butts, 7000 barrels). The particular persons who go The Marquis of Santa Cruz, general. Don Pedro de Toledo, Marq. of Villafranoa. Don Lope de Mgueroa, master general of the camp. Doa Pedro de Padilla.. Don John Manrique, second son to the Duke of Najera. Count Gerom° Ladru [qy. Lodran], col. of the Alumina. Don Francisco de Bobadilla. Don Oratofero de Erasso. Don John de Sandoval, brother to the Marquis of Leifia. Don Pranoisoo Perenot, Count of Sta, Cruz. Don Jorge Manriquej purveyorgeneral, Don Diego de Cordova. Don Alonzode Idiaques, eldest son to Don John do Idiaques. Don Ifiigo de Mendoaa \ Monoada], second son of the Conde Aytona. Don Luis Yanegas of the Order of St. Jsqnea. John Martinez Keoalde of the game Order. John Diego Rainerez, son to Don Diego Ramerez. Don Alonzo de Roses. Don G-. Eonqnillo of Ascoale, Don GonQalo Manrique.

in the 'army.' Don Luis de Sandovai, of the Order of Calatrava. Don Alonso de Torres, second son • to the Oonde del Yillar. Don Godfrey de Mendo^a, of the Order of Calatrava, Don Pedro Enriquez, born in Canara. Don Geronimo de Borja, son to the Duke of Gandia. Don Pedro Ponce de Leon, nephew to the Marquis of Sta. Cruz. Don Pedro Bazan, son to the Marquis of Sta. Crue, of the Order of St. John. Don Felix de Aragon. Don AQton o Euriquea, son to J>ou Fadrique, Bteward to bis Majesty. Don Alvaro de Yenavides,nephew to the Marquis of Sta. Cruz. Don Pedro Ponce, son to the Marquis, born in Granada, Don Pedro de Acujte. Don G". de Guevara. Don Her*o del Aquilo. Don John, de Granada, Mareelo Curvehulo. , . Don John de Venavides, administrator of tiie hospitals for the hurt and siofe. The licentiate Maiquero Figueroa, administrator and auditor for the men of war.

There remain in the haven of Lisbon for the coast, 13 galleys and the 2 galleasses that eame from S great ships, all well furnished and appointed. Emld.

2 | pp.

[Hpahi L 99.~]

of the , Mid 5

110 1582. June 27.

I0BEIGN PAPEBS.

A.D.

113. CGBHA^I to WALSINGHAM. Having 'procured to obtain' access to the king by means of MM. Pinart and Grondi I could not aa yet' attain ' thereto. But M. Gondi has now promised me and the other ambassadors we shall get audience next week at the king's return to Fontainebleau; which ia not yet so certain as I could wish. Since leaving off his diet, his Majesty has passed his time very privately, going to many places, but not staying very long in any, recreating himself for the better recovery of his appetite and strength. Meantime some have made sundry judgements upon the king's -withdrawing himaeli from affairs, supposing he retires in that maimer till he may see the proceedings of Don Antonio's army by sea, and what course the Duke of Savoy will run in his new enterprise of Geneva, In this it is said that the king has done some good offices to them of that town, both through the negotiation of M. Mandelot, governor of Lyons, M. ' Hotford' [Hautefort], brother to Bellievre, and M. de FLeury, elder brother to M. de Marchaumont. He has also lately sent to the Duke of Savoy by M. Bourdin, nephew to Pinart, in earnest manner and in appearance much in favour of those of Geneva. Howbeit it is aa yet understood the Duke remains very obstinate in his purpose. _Mandelot and Hautefort have sent wovd hither that they find King Philip's money to have much corrupted the Papist cantons, so much that they ' staggered' from the cantons of the Religion, and those of Geneva, but they are now better united, as it is hoped. The wisest sort in this Court judge that the Duke of Savoy would not have followed this enterprise without assurance had of the pope and other princes of Christendom ; wherefore most doubt it will not take so sudden an end. The Mug, when last at Fontainebleau, entered into some private discourse with his sister of Navarre, wherein he ' showed to have' good liking of the love he understood was between her and her husband; persuading her by all loving ways to continue therein, which she vowed to the king. On this he ' entered' further, and told her he supposed her husband inwardly misliked she would keep about her Mademoiselle de Fosseux, by whom he had lately had a child; persuading her that her husband could not think she loved him since she could be contented to keep about her so large a partner of his affection. The king further showed her that he could not like that a maid ' known of sueh infamy' should accompany the queen his wife's maidens. On this conference, and receiving like speeches from the Queen Mother, the Queen of Navarre resolved to send away Mile de Fosseux; which she did presently. The King of Navarre being advertised of this sent one of his trusty servants to his wife, ( showing' to be greatly offended with her sudden and violent dealing towards that maiden, with a message mingled with bitter words. So the king and Queen Mother, tmdmg the King of Nnvawe to be moved herewith, have sent the Marcus of Cm-ton with very amiable letters in excuse of the Queen of Navarre.

ELIZABETH. A.D.

HI

1582. The King of Navarre has returned to Saint-Jean-d'Angely, to be present at the assembly of those of the Keligion, which began about the 19th inst. When it is ended he is to repair into Languedoc, upon some disorder happened between those of the Eeligion and the papists of certain towns. Meantime the Prince Dauphin continues his preparations for levying certain companies. M. de Laval, Count Bocltefoucault and other gentlemen do the like, the king being contented they should pass quietly without annoying or damaging the country. By letters from Spain it is understood the king has assigned nil the old bands, besides the 10,000 new levied soldiers, to be addressed to the enterprise of the Isles of Terceiras. They are beginning to march, towards Portugal. Moreover the ' distress ' which Don Sancho d'Avila had suffered in Africa is verified by those letters, as also that two akahUs of the King of Fez had been received at Tangier in Africa, by whom it was reported that the said king had sent an ambassador to the Turk with rich presents. Also that the Cortes in Castile began on May M. They further certify that the 'army' sent by the Spanish king to the Straits of Magellan had arrived safely, having taken by the way two great ships which robbed on those coasts. Don Antonio [sic] Colonua is to be viceroy of Milan, and Don Andreetta Dorio [sic] is appointed viceroy of Sicily. The Catholic king has ordered the guard of the viceroy of Naples to be all Italians, which was never before accustomed. Also the ordinary companies within that realm will be placed along the coast of Apulia for its better defence. Count Olivares has gone with the Duke of Florence to Pisa, to solemnise the Order of the Town, which was sent him from the Catholic King. I am told that three Cardinals are repairing to the Puke of Savoy, under the pretence of visiting the napkin of Our Lord which is at Turin. The three are Borroineo, Paleottos aiul Alessandrino. But their purpose is esteemed to be the forwarding of the enterprise against Geneva. It is further signified that the Spaniards and Italians will all repair in small troops for the same effect. They give out in this Court that in Brussels, Mechlin, and Lierre they have introduced the papist religion again. It is also bruited that the States complained to M. Bellifewe that the ting did not ' deliver that demonstration ! towards his brother which it was given them to understand he would perform. To this 31. IMhevre, as they say, answered that it were eonvtmieut for than first to return 'to the Catholic religion, which being done ihey woukt huye proof of the king's goodness. Otherwise he could not p r o f i t m their behalf as they required.

112 A.D.

FOEEIGN PAPEBS. 1582. I send you herewith advertisements from sundry places, on two sheets oi paper.—Paris, 27 Jane 1582. Add. Endd. 5 pj). [France VII. 111.]

June 27.

114. COBHAM to WAIBISGHAM. I forgot in my last letter to tell you how the king has newly ordered his Privy Council, having appointed fifteen o£ them to serve quarterly in. Court, and sit daily together in the Council chamber, besides those who are princes. Also the secretaries are now to be reputed in the number of the Councillors and sit at the table where before they stood. The king allows every Councillor 4,000 francs yearly for the table. He assigns every one of them a key for the Council-chamber, and the usher with a key to stand at the door to let in the princes. Chaplains are allowed, to say their daily mass before their entrance into Council. Moreover the king has caused a window to be made in the Council-chamber out of a cabinet whence he may see and hear what passes, and commands a like window, with glass, to be made in all his ordinary houses for the like purpose. He promises to ' be assisting' with his Council at least once in fifteen days. I have sent into Normandy, wherein I have used the means of M. de Montdgni. One of my own is also gone into those parts, to see how the Dukes of Guise and Mayenne with the other princes of that House pass their time. They departed hence last week to Gaillon hi Normandy; but as yet I am not advertised of those particulars. I have spoken to M. Sehomberg concerning the diamond, and perceive from him that you have yet time enough to send it. He promises me I shall have in writing the course they take in the lottery. I have been informed in this sort of the present affairs of Don Antonio, that M. Strozzi's ships and companies had joined Count Brissac's about the beginning of this month, of which Don Antonio being certified, he departed from Tours the Monday in ' 'Whitsunday week/ taking with him Gount Yimioso and the test of his Portuguese nobility, and his three friars. He embarked on the 15th, and departed nest day, being Saturday, about 4 o'clock in the morning, with his whole fleet, 'compounded' of 60 sail, wherein were embarked about 2,000 men under Count Brissae and almost 4,000 commanded by M. Bt-rozai, besides 1,200 levied at the charges of Don Antonio, commanded by Don Antonio de Meneses. For three days they had prosperous winds and weather, but the winds have since been contrary to their landing in Portugal, which is Don Antonio's intention, if it please God; seeing he is very courageously r 2 " ^ g i , d ° B0BU) e x P l o i t t 0 the prejudice of King Philip. They left Belle Isle together. Don Antonio has taken with him as prisoners Bodengo de Souza and Fran, de Costa, who was lately !**•. t 0 Pettwmde him to eome to some composition with King ilnhp. I hear King Philip has commanded the Marquis of fcfmtft Cruz to draw near the coast of (Micia with his galleys.

ELIZABETH,

113

/ur>. 1582. The Moors in Africa begin to have a, will to pass to their allies of their tribes in Spain. Bon Luis de Tayda, viceroy of the Portuguese Indies, has' carried himself constantly' towards Don Antonio, being his confident minister, upon consideration he sometime served the Infante Don Luis, father to Don Antonio. I have been informed that this king and his mother have disbursed for this Portuguese exploit the sum of 300,000 crowns or more. Don Antonio Brito Pimentel is left at Tours as Don Antonio's agent. I wrote to Don Antonio concerning her Majesty's pleasure touching those English captains imprisoned at Tours, and the letter, I hear, was delivered to him. Now hearing of Ms departure, I have written to Antonio Brito entreating for their liberty, and trust they will be favourably dealt with, Oustodio Leitam is aj>pointed by Don Antonio to repair into England to inform her Majesty of his proceeding, and so to pass into inlanders to hasten away the ships which are prepared there for these causes. This is as much as I have got intelligence of touching Don Antonio and his army. Count Torres Vedras has lately advertised Don Antonio that he can spare him 2,000 shot, all men of the Tereeiras, and yet be able with the rest to defend the Islands. As concerning the cause of the marriage, I hear now no further speech of it, though on June 2 I wrote to M. Pinart, upon the message he delivered to my servant, that when the king pleased I was ready to declare so much touching it as I had received from her Majesty. To this ' purpose ' I have received no answer, though he has satisfied me since on all the other contents of my letter which concerned the English merchants. I shall not forget to put him in mind of it. The Queen Mother and her daughter of Navarre have been at ' Velleeotroy' \qy. Villers-Ooterets] and Monceaus. They are this morning returned to the Tuileries, where they do not stay, put repair to Saint-Maur and so to Fontainebleau. The Queen Mother has put from her Faty, one of the maids oi her bedchamber, a Greek born, who has long been nourished with her, and is married to one of her moitra
114

,

FOBEIGN PAPEES.

A.». 1582.

It is doubted lest the ting's hard dealing with Marshal Montmorency and therewithal his partial grace shown to Duke Joyeuse favour [?
[Ibid, Til. 112.]

115. OOBHAM to

Bee IjofcireE

dei c. H , I have thought good to send the enclosed note of Don Antonio's vm? p' ' army,' with the captains' names- I am advertised that one of the greatest ships of those he had from England has been utterly burnt with all the men and munitions, ' through that the fire took in the gunpowder.' But Don Antonio de Menesea who was in the ship leapt, at the first perceiving of the fire, into the sea with three more, who alone were saved, as I learn from a credible person; who saw Don Antonio ' ashipboard' in M. Strozai's ship.—Paris, 27 June 1582. Add. Endd, 1 p.

[Ibid. VII. 113.]

Enclosed in the last: " State of the French fleet raised for the succour of Don Antonio, King of Portugal, which sailed from Belle Isle Roads 16 June 1582." M. Philippe Siroiizi, commanderin -chief; Count Brissao, lieutenant to command in M. Strozai's absence, M, de Ste-Soletne, majorgeneral, with IS compaaiBs, vie., his own; M. de Borda, marichal Oe eamp, two; Captain Sauvat, one; Oapt. Bazeb, one; Capt Monsavran, ono; Oapt. Guillenv-ifle, one; Oapt, Fautriere, one ; Oapt. Bcsme, one; Oapt. Favalles, one which is that of Scalin; Oapt. La Bare, one; Capt. Alexandra, one i Oapt La Valade, one ; Oapt. Antoine Saaget, one; Oapt. dn Bivan one.

M, de Bur, major-general, with 9 companies, viz,: his own; Oapt. Montmor, one; Oapt. Ja Berge, on©; Oapt. da Dresnay, one; Oapt, du Mesnil, one; Oapt. Soavenac, one ; Capt. Arman, one; Oapt. Leure,one; Capt. da Piessis, one. Companies coming with Count Briasae : M. de Beaumont, hia lieutenant, two, of which Captains Oeagne and Porquet have charge; Oapt. Dorival,wno sails with the Oouat,one: Oapt.Roquemoret,one; Oapfc,Thomas, one; Oapt.Crinville, 0 D e . Capt _ Mauoomble, one i Oapt. la Balde, one, of SO men.

ELIZABETH.

us

A.D. 1582.

There are 50 sail, namely 30 great shipa and m patcu-hu. There are sundry volunteers, and among others M. do Fumee, who has joined with 5 vessels, large and small, and 400 soldiers, under 5 captains, to wit, himself, Captains Goninville, la Yalee, Thomas senior, and Hurtaut. It is estimated that there are in the force more than 1,200 gentlemen, for there are companies in which there are 30 or 40, besides the volunteers, and the King of Portugal with his Constable and other lords and gentlemen of his suite. In all 87 [si-c] companies and 55 sail. Besides 7 English, vessels carrying French soldiers under Capt. Pardin, and another ship of war, named la Fargtie, with her j>atache and barque, eommaaded by Capt. Antoine Scalin, who awaited the passage of the fleet at Sables d'Olonne, to join with. 700 or 800 men. It is estimated that when all are assembled there will be 5,000 lighting-men, for there are some companies of 200, besides sundry gentlemen, with more or fewer followers, who are following some of the lords abovementioned, for their own pleasure, and not without a place in the companies. Endd. June 27.

Fr.

2J pp.

[Ibid. TIL 114.]

116. Summary, in the hand of Burghley's secretary, of the news conveyed in Cobham's letters of this date.

[Ibid. VII. US.] June 27.

117.

The KING OF DBSMAKK to the QUEEN.

"We are sending this our servant Eobert Jaeobi, lapidary, to your realm to buy there lapis Alabmtrites which we want for our castle of Cronenborg, now in course of building, and see to the shipping of it across in any vessel whieh he may be able to get for the purpose. But whereas we hear that you have .forbidden the exportation of that stone withoixt your express leave, we have thought it right to ask yon to grant our servant the necessary letters to buy without impediment and freely send over to us, witliout duty, so much as he may judge sufficient for the purpose in question.—Cronenborg, 27 June 1582. (Sipied) Frederieus Bex, Add. June 28.

Endd. Latin.

1 p.

[Denmark I. 15.]

118. HEBLE to WALSIN<MI£M:. I received yesterday from yon a letter of the 24th ins*, signifying the receipt of a packet of mine delivered you by the post. But there is another which you should have had rineo, by one Lieutenant Denys, unless he be too long stayed by the way. lew: charge, that I should continue writing to you, aiiiill ha performed

FOEEIGN PAPEBS.

il6

with the best diligence that I can use. If I may have your countenance here in some good manner, I will do her Majesty such service that she shall have cause indeed to thank you; for such is my poor credit and access that I can penetrate into their secrets, and have as many news, -with reputation to decipher things, as any of my ' cote' may presume. If I were rich, she and you should ' perceive' in a larger sort. I now send my servant on purpose to England, to procure some provision for my charges of those poor things I have there; by whom I also keep promise with you; for herewith you shall receive certain secret observations of mine, which I beseech you to commit to the fire when you have read them, and to attribute 'alonely'to my zeal home to her Majesty's estate the roundness and simplicity that I use therein, without respect had to others. I have acquainted none therewith, but only my Lord of Leicester, and not sooner than now; and have not yet signified to him that which you are privy to, which therefore I commend to your discretion, whereon I repose myself. I have sent her Majesty a 'platt' of Oudenarde, drawn exactly at large, and the country about it, with the breach that is made near the ravelin of ' Gawnteporte.' Neither the Duke nor the Prince 'have' the like plan, nor was any made by the governor, but the same by my own procurement, which is approved to be a very perfect one. It might please you to recommend it to her Majesty as a mite that is presented by a zealous poor servant of here.

.

The state of the town at present is thus. They have beaten down the curtain, ravelin, and part of the gate aforesaid, on the north side, where in the plan you may see them enter to the assault; and have filled up the ditch along a great space, even to the point of their battery eastwards, with faggots brought from the wood under the hill on the south side of the town. They were 15 days filling up the ditch, by reason that the stream of the river, increased by the inundation, ran so swift that it carried the stuff away faster than it could be cast in; and until they with an extreme diligence had made an infinite number of bags of their tents, which being of ' gross dowlayes' and filled with earth were cast in, which suddenly raised a mighty wall that resisted the course of water, they could advance nothing. But then it was easy with faggots and rubbish to occupy the place, and make it a firm passage, between the (argyne ' of bags and the gate of the town. By reason of this, they brought their assault under cover of their trenches to the very breach, without danger from the ravelin, which is now won by them. Yet those within have so countertrenehed the breach that the enemy has given over the hope of doing any more good there with his ordnance, and therefore leaves shooting and deals at the foot of the curtain by way of mine, to overthrow the gate and the wall along, to make passage that way, and to cut between the ravelin and the town. But to meet this, those within have made a great spacious half-moon, well flanked and draped (?) at the end of two large streets that meet before that gate, whereby

ELIZABETH.

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A.D. 1582.

they fear their mine the less, unless it should break inward undiscovered ; nor do they fear the loss of the gate and ravelin, having thus provided for the -worst, having by good hap detained two engineers within the town when the siege first began, who now may stand them in good stead. The house that receives their waters and river, in nature of a sluice (marked with a yellow Eoman T), is the preservation of the town, for thereby they overflow all the green pastures about—the river of Grhent staying also the river with them, causing it to swell upwards to the advantage of those of Ondenarde—which bars the enemy ' to ' annoy them in more than two places, and BO they are not ' subject' to disperse their guards, nor weary their people overmuch. Within the water-house the Duchess of Parma's mother was bom, daughter to a crossbow-maker that dwelt{ there. And where the water is reduced into a round pool, and written upoii, Seheld f.' there is a house over against it, marked with the figure of 50, having three green trees before it within an ' harbour,' in which the duchess herself was born ; who, for the favour she ' pretends' to her birth-place, sent them of Oudenarde three weeks ago a ' blank' to ' write upon' their own conditions, so they would surrender themselves to the king's government. The first battery was at the foot of the hill and wood ; by reason of the abundance of water, it beeame vain. To that wood and hill, since Mr Norris eame to the camp, the Prince of Parma's horsemen have retired, who before ' lay at large.' The enemy's camp continues within trenches, 3 English miles full [sic]. The prince himself lies among the • Allemaynes,' lodged at the abbey with two steeples. On Tuesday, Vffliers, marshal of our eamp, with 1,200 foot, of whom 400 were ' armed pikes' of our nation, marched under the cover of woods, well guided, till he 'made atto' within half a league of the enemy; and 'thence sending' Eoger Williams with 80 English lances and a dozen argolettiers to discover the camp, lie very valiantly charged the enemy's corpsth-t/arde, consisting of 3 cornets of Albanese, and chased them within pistol-shot of the Marquis of Eisbourg's tents, where taking four brave prisoners, M returned in safety to Yilliers, who should have seconded him jviUi 300 Flemish lances, but he was so ' respective' [of his own saMy, eratol] that the Prince of Orange bade B. WilliamH, ftt his coming hither today, 'that' another time, if the other troops M not charge with him cheek by cheek, to suffer them to go on lutntdy themselves. The alarm was terrible in the enemy's camp, supposing that our whole forces were eome to eharge them, TVIIK-II matle a great confusion. Our camp m to remove t» tlw Castle of Oavw*roaworthe enemy, and tomorrow the time aspires ' t h a t ' Monsieur promised upon his honour to relieve Oiideiiarde, either by ' dn-ertmeiit or Infighting with the enemy, and yet nothing done.

118

FOEEIGN PAPERS. The enemy five days ago sent 22 cornets of horse into Artois, to observe the reiters. We had an 'exploit' upon Armentieres, and upon Corttriek, whither Eochepot and Captain York were addressed, with 400 horse and 1,000 foot; but miesed both places. At Cortncli they made three several sealados, and were repulsed with a loss of 150 men, ot whom two were captains. Thus our ' divertments' have become vain, as at Aersehot also; for either the providence of the enemy is great, who sent horse and foot to aasist these places, or our purposes by lightness discovered before we begin. They have another enterprise a t ' Bollduck' in hand, but it is followed by ' practice ' rather than by surprise. It has been long a-managing, but nothing effected. And now they have sent' StralT the { Amant' [fy. Amptman] within these four days, with one of the colonels of the town to do somewhat there 'of new,' who are not yet returned. In these terms stand we at present, for Oudenarde and other affairs; the duke having procured with much ado that the town has undertaken, yesterday, to furnish 6,000 guilders, and Flanders disburses 100,000, to muster therewith our whole camp, new bands as well as old, at Ghent, for the reiters are already paid, and to give them a month's pay, that we may know our forces, and consequently how to employ them. Today is arrived here the Count oi Mansfeldt, conductor of our reiters, greatly welcomed by Monsieur and the Prince. He came from Ms troops (who are 5 comets, containing 1,500 horse, well filled with gentlemen) to Boulogne, and thence by ship to Dunkirk. His troops lie in Artois, accompanied by 800 French lances, 200 argolettiers, and 400 French, horse, who came before into CambrMs. There are also 3,000 (foot shot.' The footmen lie at Marquyon, a strong ground by reason of the marshes, and the horse at Arleux and TEscluse, making daily incursions to the gates of Arras, spoiling and ' branscatting' the whole country. They are also attempting to win Vys [Vis-en-Artois], a place of strength within 2J leagues of Arras, though it be not held pregnable without the cannon; which therefore is to amuse and divert the enemy. Fervactiues is by this come into Cambre"sis, and brings bis ( band of ordinance' with him and 500 horse, with the footmen of Normandy, accompanied by M, la Ferte. Also Laval is looked for daily wrfcli his troops at Oambray, being well onward in his way a-marching. For the Smteers that Monsieur should have, it seems that they are stayed by their Cantons at home, sinee the enterprise against G-eneva was discovered. The new forces that lie in Artois should take their journey, in their march hitherwards, by Beaumont, over the little river Scarpe to ' Bibbeeourte' [Libercour] and to'Mount en Pewle,' leaving Douay on the right hand and Lens on the left, proceeding to Pont-a-Bouvines, to Neuvilie and Hall&wyn, and so to ' Mennyng/ upon Lys, a town of our own; a fair ready way, without impeachment of livers or strong places, yet leaving Lille two leagues on

ELIZABETH

119

A.D. 1582.

the left hand. From Meenen is hut 7 leagues to Oudenarde, and 10 to Ghent. But the sure way hither is by Ypres, Dixniude, and Nieuwport, and then along the seaside to Bruges etc. It is thought that the Prince of Parma's horse, joined with the garrisons of Artois, will either fight with the reiters, or ' eogte' them, to take some advantage. The French king's promise for the shutting up of the passages of Mezieres and Calais is not performed, which discourages those of Holland and Zealand, and breeds great languishing to these affairs. Sundry Frenchmen come to Monsieur daily, and depart as they come (like the humour of that nation), which they account here but entertainments, and thereby mistrust the rest of the French assurances, both for the contribution that the king hath promised, and for the aid of his ' hands of ordinance' etc. Whereof we conclude that his favourites, and some more seeret cause, lead him, more than judgement or regard of his outward composition doea. It is excused, notwithstanding, that the king defers things for the best, and may not discover himself before he have planted forces in Burgundy,much are ' ascending' thither,they say, to 'preoccupate' plans of defence before the Spaniards and Italians come that -way. Passage is demanded of the Duke of Lorraine for these Spaniards and Italians to march through his country, but nothing granted as yet. At Cologne huge preparation is matte of munition and arms for the( Prince of Parma; and those of the Beligiou there demand of their magistrate' public places for the exercise of their religion. If it be denied, they mil be strong enough shortly to urge it. The means to have money here for the maintenance of the wars, and for the ( answering' of the contributions promised by the States-General, grows harder and harder. Some begin to accuse the ill choice of officers that this Council of State hiw established in the finances. [Note: The Council of State, by nu agreement between the duke and the States-Gteneral, are ckuiged every nix mouths]; and that unless the husbandmen be defended from the enemy, and rid from the soldiers that are lodged upon them, the towns onlv are not able to bear fcho burden of these principal «mlri)>utions. And withal by the departure of Mr Norris from ChwMerland, that whole country is like truly to be lost; for Yerdsigo's forces are increased, and the nobility of (hielderland ill devoted to this State, and • do urge * the Religions rr&te: besides that he who is once master of the field there, commands the towns in like manner. It will be a great wound to this State, and a maim in their finances. There are other piques and inward jeutotis-aew that begin to rise in this town and elsewhere, whereof yon shall shortly hear more. And if Oudenarde withal be not snceotiml in time, both Monsieur and the Prince will taste of a tae l&atiloii eyes mo3iey is the ebief errand they would toive. Monsieur would atmd over to her Majesty a present o£ tapestry (which I have mm), to the value of 18,000 guilders; but lie would have mma yoort enterprise succeed iii'si, to recommend hiw present the mor«.

120 A.D. 1582.

'FOREIGN PAPEBS. ,. . , ,, . Du Piessis had his dispatch yesterday for his journey to this Imperial Diet, being first directed to the Dlike of Bouillon; who Uc. dix Plessis] is principal commissioner for Monsieur, to negotiate at the said Diet for him and the causes of these Provinces United. (One part of his instructions is to confirm these two ' Gntzes [Kreise] or circles of Low Countries, under the obeysance of the Empire, in all duties and rights, and then to demand the duke's investiture as a prince of the Empire. The rest is the justification of the States ; which I am promised -with the other articles the week it comes in. Yet by letters from great personages of Germany, it cannot be perceived that there is any certainty of the time when the Diet will begin. Sainte-Aldegonde is returned from Zealand, and his ' Tysyck' continues. Col. Stewart was to have departed a se'nnight since to Batemburg, and thence back to ' Oamphine' \_qy- Kampen] to take ship into Scotland. But a warrant of Monsieur's whereby he should have received 10,000 guilders has been deferred in the payment, which may stay him here longer than he would. He should return hither with 600 or 700 soldiers; but there is some special matter in handling besides, from the Duke and the Prince, by him with the Scottish king, whereof please have good regard; for Stewart is a creature of d'Auhigny's, a ' favour' of the House of Guise, grounding his master's greatest interests upon that family, if his title in England shall be either quarrelled with or delayed. I'o conclude, he is French in affection, and scarce lukewarm in religion, whereof I can tell you more when you shall please to hear particularly so mean a one as I am. In themeantime I am glad that our men among others will have some training here against all events that might happen at home. I assure you that Mr Norris is a person of great sufficience for his years, and of singular judgement and silence withal; being much humbled and reformed since the loss of the battle in Friesland. Yet Monsieur intends not, either for his merits, or forJ what the Queen has written earnestly in his favour, to ' continue him any other title of honour or prorogation than that of colonel over the English regiments, so that the name of General, or Campmaster, must cease. Colonel Morgan also has the reputation of assured experience in. martial affairs, very honest, and of as much ' value' as may be joined with counsel. You may please to take some occasion to let them understand that they are beholden to me and that there is account made both of my speeches and person, which may serve as matter hereafter to do good in, as well for my countrymen as for my_ further credit, wherein you will receive some service also; which I commend to your good consideration and favour, especially to cherish this nursery of soldiers that be here, a number truly of proper valiant mm as may be seen, Lionels o f feh? n e w ^ m e a t s and the old are partly ' qualified and reconciled; but there are bad instruments among

ELIZABETH.

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A.D. 1582.

them that enkindle new matter daily, which the folly of the one side cannot eschew. I have done good office therein, though I be hardly rewarded of some. The new English soldiers of Mr North's regiment and Mr Cotton's, having neither money nor meat at St. Bernard's, where they were put into an empty place, and not allowed any other quarter, have now mutinied and taken prisoners and spoils, which breeds much ado. Mr Norris's new bands and Col Morgan's are well provided for. Don Antonio's declarations now published here tend ('in'imitating those heretofore of Zealand and Holland) to make profit by selling licences to merchants that traffic into Spain, of what country soever ; who, purchasing their surety this way, are borne in hand to be well protected. But this ' proves not in sequel' that many become buyers of these licences, notwithstanding those great assurances 'pretended'; but rather it has discredited Don Antonio's actions, whieh they suppose will be now converted into piracy or 'imposture.' Hereupon is risen a speech that this declaration had ' his' birth here and not at Tours, and that Villiers the preacher's counsel was therein, who being well paid for his labour designed and fashioned the declaration, to the shape it is of. Don Antonio's navy threatens to meet the West Indies fleet returning hi August. Advertisement is even now come to Monsieur that those of the castle "of Lalaing lately submitted to his government have procured those of Douay to follow their example; who, it- is said, upon certain conditions of their liberties and reservations of their religion, have ranged themselves also under Monsieur. But this is doubtful, both because ' Chartyers' is the instrument to speed it, who has given out other untrue things heretofore, and because it carries neither likelihood nor necessity; 'being' a vehement papistical town. But I fear me rather there is some present danger impending to Oudenarde, which they will (' ill' following a common ruse used here) ' counterpoise' within [sic] such news of sis days' continuance, to cancel or qualify such loss. And I fear me further that the enemy at Oudenarde may have some secret mine, beside that which is ' pretended' outwardly, to lead him into the inward parts of the town, whence lie may surprise it by a sally when he sees his time. Those of ' Vyllf ord ' are not yet reconciled, which is a great eontempt of authority, and a danger witlial. At Brussels there is great stir about the lieUgbut rrnte, and the town divided. They have sent a couple hither to solicit Monswur roundly to grant them their churches; who were ^tending upon Chartier (a fit instrument to maintain these divisions) for Him answer, when suddenly the Councils of this town apprehended them, and sent them prisoners to Brands. Other weohnues arc committed daily, with small regard of thti duke, «r of tin majesty of justice.—Antwerp, 28 June 1582. Add. Eiuld. 7£ pp. [#«#• a'td Fl> ATi.

122 A.U.1582. June 28-

FOREIGN PAPBES. 119- JOHN NOBEIS to WALSINGHAH. I have lately received two letters from you. One concerned Mr North, who having at my return to Antwerp satisfied me with better terras of those injurious words he gave out against me, I am therefore content friendly to entertain him; the rather at your and my Lord of Leicester's( most earnest ' shuot' [qu. suit] and the good mediation of Mr Knowels.' The other was on behalf of Mr Fitzwillifimsj -with whom you shall well perceive I will deal according to equity and justice" and satisfy in right to the uttermost; always provided that those gentlemen and soldiers who served under hig brother may also have their right, having none to claim it of but me, and deserving it for their service rather than those who coming over make claim to be heirs to such commodities for which they never ventured. Howsoever you may be informed in such matters, I will be always accountable to you to give every man his right, and wholly remit myself to your direction and judgement. M. de 'lamma,' Governor of 'Hackling,' should have surprised Aerschot; but as it is thought for want of good directions, some entering the town, the rest not following, the enterprise failed, to the loss of some of our men. Vfe have some hopes to relieve Oudenarde, if Fervacques with the French troops and Count M&nsfeldt with his reiters come in any good time.—Antwerp, 28 June 1582. Holograph (?). Add. Endd, 1 p.

June 28.

[Ibid, XVI. 46-]

120- JOHN NOEEIS to WALSINGHAJI. After sealing up my other letter, I bethought me of a matter wherein I beseech yon to give me your advice. In our service at the eamp, I perceive his Highness means to give the command to M. de Eochepot, and M. de Tilliers to be ' Marshal of the field.' And since I have served longer in these countries than they, and iu a place of charge since my coming, I cannot but think it against my credit to be commanded by any of them. Yet for all that, I will readily follow such course herein as it shall please you to direct me; beseeehing you to send me your advice by the next convenient messenger, and in the mean season I will so temporise in this matter that I shall be fit to follow your direction. Not long since I sent you a mare of this country; and as at the first there was a fault in the messenger, who delivered her to my father, so now I am lately given to understand that there is another error, because the mare is sent to my lord of Leicester, contrary; to my first direction. I mean by my next to signify the same to him. —Antwerp, 28 June 1582. Add. Endd.: Mr John Nome, precedency. 1 p. 45.]

[Ibid. XVI-

ELIZABETH. 1582. June 28.

123

A.D.

121. AUDLBY DANETT to WALSINGHAM. I thank you for accepting of my writing to you, as I find by yours of the 23rd rast. received by the post, I will not fail to use it with diligence as occasion shall be offered. There is little alteration in the proceedings here since mine of the 23rd; only the news of Aerschot was believed here a little too soon, for although the town was gained, yet the enemy having retired into the church, being the strongest place in the town, issued out soon after, and finding the States' companies earnest at the spoil, caused them to forsake the place aud retire, not without the loss of 10 and 12 of the States' best soldiers. Last Sunday, the 24th, the States of Brabant jffesented Monsieur with a benevolence of 50,000 guilders, which he accepted thankfully, saying he would immediately send it to his soldiers in the camp. The English companies will tomorrow receive some pay and depart to the camp, where it is thought the whole forces will have a general muster a fortnight henee, and then be presently employed for the relief of Oudenard, upon the arrival of the French forces, which are said to he ' sometimes' about Cambray, SaintQuentin, and Greveceour in Picardy, but are so long in coming that the wiser sort do not look for them yet. Many things are given out to satisfy the common people; one, the approach of these French forees, Monsieur's going to the eanip in person, the taking of Cortrick and Armentieres (which proved false the next morning), the good estate of Oudenarde to hold out against the enemy for many days, and such like, because the people will be much discontented with his loss of that town, and impute it chiefly to Monsieur's careless security. At least something must be done for a show of rescue of the place; for the people say already, how shall other places dare to withstand the enemy, finding themselves devoid of all succour and relief abroad, when they happen to be besieged ?—Antwerp, 28 June 1582. Add EnM. 1 | pp. Danett, as is the last.)

June 28.

122.

COEHAII

[Ibid. XVI. 47.]

(In hand of Audky

to WALSIKGHAH.

I have been advertised that the king has * received knowledge' from M. Mandelot and his colleagues that the Swiss are loth to renew their league with him, till they see he will effectively aid Geneva, which he has taken into his protection; whereupon M. Mandelot has sent back to Lyons the king's money which should have been paid to the Swiss, and the .French commissioners, I mean Mandelot, Hautefort, and Henry, are returning with nothing concluded. 1 have been further advertised that the i>uke ofBavoy is ranforcing his army, and now by letters from Hikn it. it* Oji'tifatid tiiaii

124 A.D.

FOEEIGN PAPEES. 1582. there have repaired into that duehy about 2,500 horse from the kingdom of Naples and the Pope's territory, and about 4,000 Italian foot, who ' pretend' to take the way into Tranche Comte and La Bresse; whereon it is suspected they of Geneva will be put to great pain, if this king deal not well by them. Within this fortnight sundry express couriers have come to the ambassador of Savoy resident in this Court, on which he has pressed very much to have access to the king, but hitherto has not obtained it. The ambassador of Venice has received such a dispatch that he seeks by all means to be admitted to the king's presence. The king has desired his princes and marshals, and other chief personages, to repair to Fontainebleau; where I am informed he intends to receive their opinions and advice for the course he has to take in these great causes now on foot: his brother's action in the Low Countries; the enterprise of Don Antonio, with his mother's title to the kingdoms of Portugal; and the affairs of the Swiss, together with the Duke of Savoy's invasion and forcing of Geneva; all wliich are causes of high moment to this realm, whereon depend many other matters of great consequence belonging to this Crown. M. Gondi is now eome to me, to let me know that the king intends to be at Eontainebleau about the end of this month, and that I may have access to him on July 3. So I purpose to be at Court that day to perform the commands you sent me from her Majesty.—Paris, 28 June 1582. PS.—The Duke of Savoy has summoned all his knights of San Lazzaro to serve him against Geneva. Signor Carlo lluti has left Eome with many gentlemen-adventurers for that service. Add. Endd. 2Jj>j>.

June 29.

{France VII. 116.]

123. THOMAS LONGSTON to Since mine of the 16th I have not dealt at all with any chief magistrates touching the money required for her Majesty, nor heard anything from them in that respect till this evening, when Paul Auradt came to me in this house, and told me that he and other of their merchants here had attended these last foiir or five days to have audience of their magistrates; who today have at full heard their griefs and the loss likely to grow to them in England by reason contentment is not given'to her Majesty as it was meet. In the end the fault being laid upon their pensionary Van der Werke, who then was absent, it was agreed that they should return on Monday next, when also Van der Werke would be present, and then tins cause should be so dealt in for her satisfaction, that their merchant shall have no cause to be aggrieved, nor to fear any loss m this respect; which I rather wish than look for, but I told Paul 1 would signify his endeavour and diligence herein.

ELIZABETH.

125

A.D. 1582.

I have had regard this -week to learn what goods of value have been laden here by their merchants for England, but cannot see what might serve the turn. Kor shall I see it here competently, for besides their c turning, they have means here to prevent and ' lay open' any that shall seek to effect ought that way. But I suppose the value of their goods in each ship may best he learnt at the hands of Mr Smyth, customer in London, with whom they enter the quantity and quality of their goods.—Antwerp, 29 June 1582. Add. June 30.

Endd.

1 p.

{HolL and Ft, XVI. 48.]

124. ETEBSTNE LESIEXTE to WALSINGHAM. On the 2 3rd I wrote to you from Dordrecht what I had up to then, Bince my leaving the Prince of Parma, negotiated touching Mr Rogers. I hope that my letter was safely delivered. Among other things I sent word to you in it of the sum of Mr Eogers's expenses, amounting to about £900 sterling; of which I hope in two or three days to send you the details. In my last I besought you to let me have a reply thereon, which I again request; and that I may be able m future to regulate myself according to your commands. I also beg you to consider that at my departure on Feb. 14 last, by your means £80 were handed to me, which is very little for such a journey. It has cost nio a good deal more, and will cost me, if I have to pursue it.—Antwerp, lust of June 1582.

Add. Endd. Ft: $p. June 30.

[Iloll. and Fl. XVI. 49.]

1 2 5 . Dv PLESSIS-MOBNAT to WALSISGHAM. I have received your letter, and thank you for the news you impart. Here we have nothing for the present but the siege of Oudenarde, winch his Highness will try to succour, and to that effect is awaiting Ins army from France. His reputation m tins country is much at stake. The King of Navarre is at Saint-Jeau-d'Angely, for the assembly of the Churches, with a view to the consolidating of the peace. 1 am writing some details of the embarkation, which you will learn, if you please, from M. d'Anquerqne. When there is more to say, I will write more at length.—Antwerp, last of June 1582,

Add. Endd. Fr. } p. June 30.

[IUd. XVI. 50.]

1 2 6 . FBEMSB to I wrote to you last a weeli ago. What is going on in (how countries is that the enemy is still before Oudenarde and is employing all his powers to reach the rampart of the town by sap. He has managed to get as far as one gateway, where ho in m&pag. Those of the town have made a strong entrenehment m roar, of half-moon shape, with two platform*), being well determined to

126

AJ>. 1582.

FOEEIGN PAPEES. ^ t h e m s e i T e B . The enemy fires little, but uses all his energy in trenches, pontoons, fascines, gabions, and other similar things, to attain his object, if he can, and if he is not soon hindered by his Highness's forces, who are advancing well, l h e raters are 8 or 4 leagues this side Oambray, and are doing the worst they can in Artois, awaiting the other forces from France. These are advancing from the region Uartier] of Anjou as well as from Normandy; besides 7 cornets and three regiments of French foot, who are near Douay There is an opinion that that town is at his Highness^ devotion, as well as Bouchain, and others that are being praetisea. M de la Bochepot had an enterprise in Courtray, to surprise it. He went there with 500 horse and 1,000 foot, whom he took from the camp, and added some infantry from Bruges and Meenen as he passed that way, making a great round to arrive where he intended. Nothing came oi it, inasmuch as the enemy was advertised ot it; and in giving a camisade to Courtray at 3 in the morning, our people got a good dressing, for the enemy was quietly (a pied coy) waiting there for them, and we lost some good men very inopportunely. Thus a retreat was made. In this direction our people had an enterprise on Aersehot, which also failed. Our men having got some way into the town were turned out for lack of leading. As for our camp near Ghent, it is still there, in poverty and misery, without money or victuals, It is said they will be mustered next week and have one month's pay, in order afterwards to strike camp and go nearer to the enemy, who always keeps close and fixed in his eamp. Whatever excursions and ambuscades we give them, right up to their trenches, they never move, unless they see some great opportunity to their advantage. We capture their foragers, and they ours. That is how all goes on so far in the camp. Count Mansfeldt, commander of his Highness's reiters, arrived hi this town four days ago. His Highness welcomed him well, and had him honourably served by his officers at his lodging. He will soon set out towards his reifcers, to carry out the intention of his Highness. M. du Plessis has not yet started for the Diet. H. de Bouillon is to be of the party, for his Highness's service. The journey _ is delayed, inasmuch as the Emperor and princes are long in arriving at Augsburg. This delay is very displeasing to M. d.u Plessis. It is some days since Ms Highness made him draw up a memorandum for the journey. It seems that they are awaiting the meeting of the States-General, which is to be at the beginning of July, m order to settle the resolution upon it. Everything goes slowly. There is a doctor here, eome on behalf of the Bishop of Liege. He had addressed the letters * To the Duke of Brabant,' inasmuch as when heretofore he put on the superscription f To the Duke of Anjou,' they sent them back, saying they were not addressed to his Highness: so he has now corrected it. This doctor is come to complain of the raids which our soldiers make on the bishop's territory, and of their ill-treatment done to the people In the villages where they pass and other such things-

ELIZABETH. A.D.

127

1682. There is also here a Scotchman called 'Gufcay' ["Goodrichel a mihtary eommiSSiu-y m Scotland, sent by the 2 n g L S f l £ to congratulate Monsieur on his new promotion to the L S S of their countnes. Ho is from St. Johnston, and is partly sent also

about

he

^tter erf Col Stewart, who sent'in all h a K EStaft

when he was ordered to confine himself to his quarters for the mar -v S

*** <*»*"»»&>• ^

b soon to start for Scotland and

ttJiSf f ^ ^ T w ^ f C e l l r n 1 , C y a n d M s mSh™* are in good health, thank Grod. The Duke of Montpensier has sent to ask for one of flSu mi1 •1 y 1?0 t l an i0l «t Iyl et et r 8 ' vha lias granted it, and sent him the 2 - n T ^8° a s {t s u r e l y i s ^ ^ i s i t e in these parts, may o-od ot His grace preserve His people againat the devil and ills enemies,—Antwerp, last of June 1582. P.S.—-M. des Pruneaux is writing to M, de Bacqueville. Please forward it.. Mr Noras is at the camp; Cotton's and North's companies we still at St. Bernard.

Add. Endd. Fr. Zpp. June 80.

127.

WALSINGHAM

[mil and Fl, XTI. 61.]

to COBHAM.

M. Bacqueville has exhibited a complaint to her Majesty of some "wrong which he pretends to have been done him by an English merchant-ship in rescuing a Portugal prize from a man-of-war whom his brother and he had 'set forth' to sea; and demands tnat satisfaction be made by the merchants for the loss he has sustained thereby. Whereupon, her Majesty having caused the matter to be looked into, it has been found by the examination of the master and mariners of the English ship, and by the opinion of the learned in the civil law here, that M. Baequevflle has no reason on which to ground his demand, which he has accordingly been given to understand, and nothing has been omitted that might tend to persuade the gentleman that indeed he can in no way think himself wronged if what he desires is not yielded to. Nevertheless, not resting satisfied herewith, it would appear he is procuring Ins own satisfaction, or rather revenge for it, at home, for a brother of jus called'Armeville,' as you may see by the enclosed note, has set forth' a ship and two pinnaces, with which he has already spoiled certain English ships in the narrow seas, a means to do the like to'as many as he is able to master passing that way, until some present order be taken with him in that disordered course. T° charge Baequeville here, and seek redress at his hands for these spoils committed upon her Majesty's subjects, it is thought would be to little purpose, for it is very likely he would disavow his

FOEEIGN PAPERS.

8 D 1582

'

* has here been answered with reason; (for which purpose I send you a copy of the ease Bet down by the lawyers themselves, that you may I need be show it them there); and request the king to direct S i f o f t M t h t o h i s g o v e r n o r m N o r m a n d y t h a t they may^ot ail to take order forthwith for the repressing of Armeville. Otherwise, if then private revenges be suffered, there will of necessity another r e v e r e be made of them; whereof may follow some greater inconvenience than will be easily remedied. And since the matter requires great expedition, her Majesty's pleasure is you should not stay for audience, but write to M. Imart to move the king in it, and desire redress with all possible speed.— UU'Jnnii 1582. Draft in hand of L. Tomson. Emid, 1 p. [France VII. 117.]

June?

128. MAKCHACMONT to [WALSINGHAH] . The fear I had of distracting [? tfesfcwww] you makes me write to beg you to take an opportunity of speaking to the Queen about Monsieur's affairs, and the conversations I had with the Lord Treasurer and yourself; because you then told me that by your advices from Flanders you learnt that great levies had begun to be made in all the town, and that his Highness would soon touch a large sum. By an answer I had three days ago, this is not the case; because his Highness, as he writes, being assured of the Queen's promise, was unwilling in this levy, which is being made per head, to use any violence, but rather to bide his time, which cannot be very soon. The Queen may believe that if Ms Highness could get it elsewhere, seeing the little pleasure which she has in lending, and if he was not founding himself on her, he would never have written or spoken of it, and I should very willingly have abstained therefrom. I am much grieved that this commission has fallen to me; I wish it had dropped into the hands of another. My master lays all the blame on me, it being impossible for hun to doubt the Queen, and being assured that if one has her, one has you gentlemen also, I have been diligent in showing you the truth, which is clear enough to you, that the Queen and he would be out of trouble and free from further importuning, if she satisfies what remains. Before the first which she so willingly gave him, she was bound neither by word nor by signature. iSfow her servants, remembering what has passed, have to consider her honour and the interests of her state, and not hide the truth from her. They will find that even if she were not bound by these conditions, the loan of the sum aforesaid would be very profitable to her for reasons too long to set out, and which you see very clearly. You will remember what I have so often alleged to her Majesty and both of you; the friendship and suit which for five years has been such a,nd so constant that it has no second ; her Majesty's inviolable promises, her signature and that of the Lord Treasurer; and the assurance of the degree of ruin brought on his affairs by the delay or slow execution of the promise. Her Majesty

ELIZABETH.

129

A.B. 1582.

will if she pleases, herself examine, if you, air, will remind her, all that has passed, which, as you know better than I, to argue L? estnrerj against her is not permitted me, as I wrote von—on account of the place which you hold and your having negotiated by her command. You have always [qy. done so] as one desirous to preserve the friendship of these two princes, most useful to their states, and to render it inviolable—the true way to maintain this peace in her realm, and to close the road of her injury to her enemies, who will by no means lose the opportunity, being such that they have little to lose and much to gain. If she does not believe it she is being deceived and betrayed. If the peace that they would persuade her to make in Mandera be not entirely to the hurt of her state she will, if she favours this peace, in a very short time see the eggs of strange practices against her hatched out. The King of Spain with Flanders and Portugal off his hands will be very glad to pay usury for the displeasure he has received and exercise the vengeance which he has long been ruminating in his heart {remache en son murage), if he does not take a part under hand in favouring the designs of the King of Scotland and his partisans and relations in France. They will not lack men to to favour the rebels in Ireland; the Pope will not forget that. His Highness sends me word that a great part of his forces, already arrived, do not march for want of pay. His reiters are close to Cambray; time is running on and the month going forward without anything being effected. The delay, apart from the loss of time, will cost him near 100,000 crowns. I am sure the Queen loves him so much that she will be grieved if for lack of this he receives some irreparable annoyance, as he certainly will do if he is not promptly succoured. The injury too will touch her as well as him. Monsieur is very indignant with the Lord Treasurer for wishing the Queen to fail in what she has promised and for saying that for considerations of State no regard ought to be had of signature or seal, hut only of that which is expedient for the state; and will never believe that this emanates from the Queen. He sends me a long letter about it, and wishes for a final resolution. To let him have it some time hence will not be of as much convenience to him by a long way, For four months, to my great regret, the matter has been dragging on. If she is quite willing, let her be pleased to take the trouble of sending word by letter to his Highness, who sends me word she writes that she will never abandon him. This does not agree. When she lets him know her will iu such sort, his Highness will build upon it as he shall see most expedient, and I shall cease to importune ; even though her failure will affect her interests more than his. Forgive me if I say that I have seen some of these good managers, who through saving the cost of a tile on their houses, or a stone in the foundation, have in less than no time lost their whole Mulcting. Please explain this fact a little to the Queen; not in the awkward fashion in which I am writing to yon, but in good languages your wont is. I conjure you by the zeal and affection you have to her service, more than to your own life, to enable her to recognise the truth, and take it all in good part from her ' monk * who is very devoted to her service; humWy beseeching her to remember hei'o16077

180

FOEEIGN PAPERS.

A.I>. 1682.

June.

. after what 1 have written to her. It concerns you, sir, to tell her. Prompt pleasure is double; that which has to be extracted by force brings neither advantage nor satisfaction. For this reason she absolutely ought to send word, that his Highness may no longer, contrary to his custom and unsuitably to his quality, have to beg for -what is so little in respect of her and him, and much just now for their common expediency and for prompt succour. My pen would say more; your own affairs, as well as ours, speak for his Highness on this occasion. (Signed) P. Clausse, P£m—You will not have regard to the letter, but the substance, . using it if you please. Hotogm/ph. Enid. Several phrases underlined in pencil. Fr. 3 -pp. '{France YIL 118.] 129. The MSIEOHANTS OP EOTJHN to LA MOTHE-FKNELON. Pierre Chamberland, Thomas Legendre, and their partners, merchants of Bouen, humbly represent to you that in the year 1578 they caused to be imprisoned and put in the custody of Gaspard Swift, sergeant of the Admiralty in England, one ' Gourdtherkelmberch' [' Court Hellebourg' in Dam. clxxxi. No. 83] dwelling in the Isle of Wight, on account of 5 ships and their goods appertaining to your petitioners taken by him at sea in the year 1576. On June 8 in the year 1578 he was incontinently taken from prison for the service of the Queen of England by' the Lord [Charles] Howard, Knight of the Garter, who was then on his way to Ireland, and who on that day promised to bring him up again in the Admiralty Court 30 days after his return from sea. Since his return Lord Howard has many times been asked to fulfil hie promise, and to this end several requests have been presented, to which they have had no answer, though the time has expired these four years. Your petitioners are therefore constrained to have recourse to you, begging you in pursuance of the instructions you have from his Majesty to pray the Lords of the Council and Lord Howard in our favour, to the end that ' Courtherkelmberch ' may be replaced in Swift's custody as he was before his enlargement. By so doing you will not only follow the king's will, but bind us to . pray God for you. Eiidd. Fr. Broadsheet. (France VII. 120 Us.}

June.

130. THE EMBASSY TO DENITABK. (1) The Queen to the King of Denmark.—Letter of eredence for Peregrine, Baron of 'Willibye and Ersbye' [we] and Gilbert Defeiek, knight, King of Arms, commissioned to invest the king with the Order of the Garter. (2} Letters patent, appointing the above-named ambassadors for the purpose. ®] 3 Q to the Queen of Denmark.—Letter commending Lord Willoughby, who will tell he,r the news from England.

ELIZABETH.

131

A.D. 1582.

(4) Safe-eonduct for the ambassadors, —Greenwich, June 1582. Drafts in hand of L. Tomsm, and endil. by Mm, Latin. 3J t>v [Denmark I. 16.] June. June?

131. Copies of the above in hand of 1700 or thereabouts. 2 »« [Ibkl. I. 16a.] 132.

STBOZZI'S EXPEDITION.

M. de Strozzi desiring to make the voyage you wot of, begs the Queen to send with him as many vessels as she may think good. If the fleet she sends be a strong one the intended end will be more readily attained. She may commission any of her subjects she pleases to conmiand these vessels, whether in chief, or as lieutenant; as she thinks best. Her Majesty will, if she pleases, declare what share she claims in any conquests that may be made, and M. de Strozzi will make no difficulty. Prizes and plunder to be shared according to the custom of the sea [may)-], Endd.: Offers to her Majesty by Strosse. Fr, %y. [France VII. 119.] June?

1 3 3 . COBHAM to [?WALSINGSAM]. I have been requested by Don Antonio that her Majesty might he moved to favour his cause so much that he might have 2,000 English soldiers; who he desires may be paid for 6 months, with ships victualled for one month; through which he wonld hope to find himself * well in possibility' with the sueeours of France, if he shall not otherwise become persuaded by Queen Mother to employ himself. He desires greatly to be satisfied therein, and to hear tell her good liking of his demand and intention. Endd.: Sir H. Cohham. Deciphered. $ j>. [France VII. 120.]

July 1.

1 3 4 . HBELB to "WALSINGHAIT. Having this morning written this letter enclosed to my lord of Leicester, containing matter of the state of Oudenarde newer than I have certified you of, and having no leisure to write a particular of it to you, having no aid but myself, please ' take in good part to peruse ' it, and that done, to seal it up with hard was and deliver it to this bearer my servant for the lord of Leicester. If I bad a young and honest fellow to copy things, I could send you sundry writings worthy your perusing, and yet be able to ' entertain' the party that should write, to his contentment and commodity, being honest and diligent.—Antwerp, Sunday morning, July 1,1582, Add-. Endd. &p.

July 1,

{Boll, mid FL XVL 52.]

135- STOKES to My last was the 24th tilt, since which all things have been very still, contrary to the judgements of most men; for it was though I

182

FOBEIGN PAPEB6./

AJD.1582.

that this week some great matters would have been executed on both sides, but nothing is yet done. The enemy before Oudenarde has been very still all this week, for since the 22nd the eamion has not played, nor have they offered any assault to it; so that it is greatly feared they are preparing to do some great assault, to the great danger of the town. Yet the speech goes, the town fears them not; but notwithstanding the contrary is something feared by many. And so God send the town to hold out till Monsieur's forces are come together, otherwise it aeems it will not go well; for the commons in these parts begin to was warm in speech, because they see that no town that the enemy besieges has been succoured. The Prince of Parma has made M. de Montigny governor of .Flanders, and has given him a fair Spanish horse; so now he is ' set' well contented. Last Monday, June 25 at 1 A.M., M. de Boehepot assaulted Corttriek with sealing-ladders. They passed the town ditches in sundry places not above knee-deep in water, and when they eame to it, they found them in the town in such readiness to receive them in such sort, that they durst not tarry at it, not half an hour, in which time there were slain of them that gave the assault about 30, and many hurt; so they retired. It seems this enterprise was very evil handled; for by means of the long delay that they made before they went to it, those of Gorttrick had advice of their com- . ing two days before they eame. Surely it seems this enterprise was' tremly' \_qy. trimly] laid, if it had been well followed; so it was an evil miss, to the great damage of the country. The Count of Mansfeld is passed from Oalais by sea to Antwerp. He has left Ms 1,500 raters beside Cambray, awaiting the coming of the Prince of Conde with the rest of Monsieur's forces out of France. A miller leapt out of Oudenarde over the walls at night, and so swam over into the enemy's camp, and told them where the weakest place was; whereupon they have turned their battery towards it. It is hard by the ravelin which they have beaten down; but as yet the cannon has not played on it. The speech is here that Monsieur's camp under Ghent is 1,500 good horse, and 53000 as good foot, well appointed. The burgomasters and ' deacons' of G-hent are sent by the whole commons of their town to the Duke of Brabant to desire him to use some means for the aid of the town of Oudenarde; for surely by good report the Gentners begin to use warm speeches. They say with the reiters that are come by Gambray they are at this present able to make 8,000 good horse, which is more than the enemy has by a thousand ; and for footmen, they are more in number and much better than l the enemy has any.' This being known, as it is, among the commons makes them use these bold speeches. If they stiffer that town to be lost, it will not go well, having so good means to succour it by the forces that they

ELIZABETH.

133

A.D. 1582.

have already in readiness. The commons' heads are very much occupied with the matter.—Bruges, 1 July 1582. P.S.—I have received yours of June 23? ior which I thank you. Add. Endd. 2 | pp. [Holl. and Fl. XVI. 53.] July 3.

136-

COEHAM

to [

This bearer, M. de Leytam, a Portuguese, comes to me as I am ready_ to go on horseback to ride to Fontainebleau; so I am driven to write in this disorderly manner. I have nothing else to certify than what I sent by; Peter Tuve. I find it doubtful if Don Antonio will resolve to land in Portugal unless he is offered good occasion to employ his forces to good purpose; otherwise I learn that he will rather seek to seize on the isles of Madeira and St. Michael, and 'prevail himself of the Indian fleet.' But M. Leytam will more certainly inform you, being trusted of Don Antonio and sent to her Majesty on his ting's affairs. The Earl Bothwell has been with me, but he is not, as it seemed to me, ' of opinion ' to pass into England, fearing thereby to giro cause of offence to his king and those too principal persons about the king, forbearing to the intent he may have through his clear dealing the better means about the king to favour the ctutse of religion, in which he ' shows' to be resolutely bent, and also well affectioned to her Majesty, as he promises to make show of. I have done my best to fortify his mind with all those persuasions that -were 'feet' to be delivered. The Chief President yesterday sent an Italian "Franciscan friar to prison for his imperious manner of proceedings towards the Franciscans in Paris.—Paris, B July. Add. and endt. gone. 3 pp. {France VIZ. 121.] July 3.

137. to -— . I received your letter with this messenger; God reward you for all goodness where I cannot requite you. I can but pray for you. I am glad you are at liberty j I would you were at your own heart's desire. I can hear nothing touching Scotland, but that the Dnko of Guise has sent a great present to the king, that is seven hordes with many other things of weight. When the king received them, his preachers rebuked Mm sharply in their sermons, saying that he ought not to receive a present from an enemy to tlidr religion. The king was offended with them and sent them to prison, giving strict command to all his preachers to follow their text, and [not j to meddle with kings ami princes. Again he «aitl the duke was his kinsman and dear friend, and that he was bound to lm-e linn. Touching intelligence what number there is of Englishmen, and where they remain, there is a greater munber in Lyons than hm been since Harry the Vth. There are in the ' City ' within tho Capitol "with the s{qy. ibe Pope] SO at least; sonife say a hundred ami

O A.D.

PAPEBS.

1582. more. There are not above 20 B nglishmen in Italy, besides those that are of the seminaries. Without the capital there ia inquisition for them everywhere, so that no man of what religion soever can Bet foot upon the mountain, but he is taken. Fifteen were taken about tbe end of May, and others since. © is escaped out of Italy. He was happy that he ' got hie feet'; there was great hunting after him. He is now here, and would gladly have the king's help to go to ' Oamwrey' to- his benefice again. T. a. G. and one Mr Clemment have heard of the alms that the x- has given them to live upon. There is a speech that the x will hare none from England to remain in Rome, but such as are in the seminaries. There is one Mr Gilbart, that lost his lands in England for the word of Jesus, has now much malice of them because he belongs to + + . They will not leave this knavery, but their mischief shall fall upon their own heads. News from the Low Countries: There came 10,000 Burgundians and Italians thither about the middle of June. ' Aldeuar' [Oudenarde] is ready to yield; it is not possible it should hold out long. There are also 4,000 horsemen from Milan. There are also 4,000 here in readiness ; the speech is that they go to aid the other side. What will ' succeed' of these things I know not. Don Antonio ' whom' some say is King of Portugal, has coa•veyed himself from Tours by night, and is gone to sea. No man can tell whether he needs not be afraid to be robbed, for he has not a penny more than the poor gray friar. He has left all his captains behind him, and they are in prison for debt. Among these is one Mr Yachan, a captain of his. For the book you would have translated into English, I will do what I can; you know you may command all 1 can. It is a great piece of work, therefore time must be had. I have received one song with your letter. M. would be glad if you would send him the hundred songs you promised. U. has been lately sick, likely to die. He is now recovered. I should be glad to hear what answer my brother has made to my letters. I am now without money, or over many places to borrow any. I understand you sent me 2 angels by Peter Browne; I had them not. Your letters I have received, I sent Peter Browne my answer to bis house to send you; I fear it came too late, for his man has been somewhat slow. Peter has not been here himself. I received letters from Chester by <J and from Grresford by V. I send them to yon that you may see the news there is there. When they come to your hands, tear them in pieces. All your well-willers on this side the river commend them to you. The world on this side the sea is now hard for Englishmen. Let me hear that you have received this letter.—Prom the City of Lyons, 3 July. P.S,—Fail not, but send me by this messenger a Communionbook in Latm. There are skin at Oudenarde about 1,200 men. One Captain Rochpooll [q>/. Itochepot], one of Monsieur's captains, escaped; 10 other captains were slain. There ia a new ambassador from

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A.r>. 1582. Spain here. His business is not known, but they say it is to demand something touching the Low Countries. You shall hear news with the next. 2

July 3,

lindd.: A copy of a Welsh letter sent from Lyons to Paris i 2>1>-

[France VII. 122.]

1 3 8 . EOGHE WILLIAMS to WALSINGHAM. I have nothing worthy to trouble you at this time. Finding this gentleman ready to depart for England, I could do no less than show my duty to yon. Oudenarde is in great .necessity. The soldiers have good courage, and promise to hold good to the last man. I hear this morning the Italian ' suckers' ai'e either arrived or too near at hand. If it be so, we lost a fair time. The last day being out, our soldiers shewed great courage, especially the English ; I assure you so much that some proffered to hazard to enter the town. We are so governed that I fear me the town will perish. We look every day for our French force; then we hope with God's help to try who shall be master of the field. I think within few days we shall see who will turn the bridle. Desiring you to think me a poor man that will refuse nothing for your service that I am able to perform etc.—Ghent, 3 July. Add. Endcl. 1£ pp. [Holl and M. XV. 54.]

July 5,

139.

PEBMYH

to WALSINGHAH.

' There i s ' M. du Plessis who has orders from his Highness to hold himself ready for his departure, which may be within 10 days. He takes his journey through France and is going to join the lAtke of Bouillon. They will travel thence into Germany to be pmsrait at the Diet at Augsburg, where, as they write, the Emperor and the princes have already arrived. All things go on as usual in these parts, the enemy doing all lift can before Oudenarde. He mil have won the gate. The btsaugtid are very well entrenched, and have very good courage. Xevortheless it is to be feared if they are not soon succoured that they will come to terms, on account of the delays which take place. _ nowmet his Highness lias a great desire to aid them, and is _ using all diligence to get his forces forward. There is M. de fcJaint-Ltigor, governor of Monfort, lately come here: to whom his Highness*) has

the minister. There is some enterprise in haiwl to siM those of His Highness has made two English companies, of Cotton a tooop, march towards Diest. Something is* also to be done with the otlwv garrisons. We have as yet received no money or victuals at the

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'

. camp for our men, who are in. extreme poverty. Things are not going as they ought. Count Mansfeld is still in this town; he too is to go and join Ms raters—Antwerp, starting for the camp, 5 July 1582. July 5T

140. TEEMS of OAPETULATION for OUDENAKDE. The Prinee of Parma, having seen the articles proposed by the governor, magistrates, captains, and burgesses of Oudenarde, although he has it in his power to reduce them to the obedience of Ms Majesty by force, yet desiring to treat them gently rather than rigorously, grants the points following. The governor may depart freely with his wife and family, and take away his goods whether by cart or otherwise wherever he likes, with safe-conduct and escort. As for the officers and soldiers, his Highness, who always sets store by soldiers, permits • them to go out with arms, ensigns, drums, and goods, and will give them escort that they may withdraw in safety whither they would. As regards the townsmen, he is content to pardon in the king's name all that has taken place; promising on the faith oi a prince to ask no questions nor let them be asked about anything past. They may live in the town as long as they will do so without scandal, showing obedience to his Majesty, and conforming to his ordinances. As for those who would sooner go, magistrates or others, they may depart within eight days, taking their goods, with safeconduct and escort, and no hindrance shall be offered. They may, if they think good, sell or alienate (distrawe) their real property for their own profit within the next 12 months. Those who retire into neutral territory have the option of selling their property, and receiving the rent through people residing in the town. The governor and officer shall go out tomorrow before dinner, putting the town into Ms Highness's hands, with the artillery, powder, and munitions, and his Highness will from today place a garrison in the Castle of Pamele. The inhabitants shall pay 30,000 florins in part payment of the costs of the siege.—(Signed) Alexander, (and below) Parrder. The Safe eonduet, by Adrian de Gomieeourt and Jehan Richardot. Copy. End4.

July 5.

FT. l%pp.

[HoU. and Ft. XVL 56.]

141. "WAIISTSGHASC to OOBHMI, This bearer ' follows' the cause of Mr Alderman Osborne and Mr Stuper(?), merchant, who crave some favour in your careful following of it. Her Majesty has written on their behalf to the ting, to address letters to the Pope in their favour, and likewise to recommend the matter to his ambassador resident there, to be carefully solicited. Pray give them your help for their speedy

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dispatch there, for otherwise, if they should be much deferred, ' it would follow very evil,' not only for their ship and goods, which are of great value, but also for the men, who are about 50 in number. The state of the matter I refer to be related to you by the bearer, for I mean not needlessly to trouble you; only requesting this much, that the parties who are interested therein may understand by their speedy dispatch from thence that my recommendation has not been unfruitful to youwards in. their behalf, whereof I nothing doubt. Draft in hand of L. Tomson. Endd.: To procure letters from the French king to the Pope, for release of Alderman Osborae's ship, stayed at Malta, fp. [France V1L 123.] July 6.

t

1 4 2 . AUDLBY DASETT to WALSINGHAH. On Friday the 6th, about 4 or 5 A.». there came an alarm to this town of Ghent that the enemy was come to the trench of the camp, being about a mile distant from Ghent The general of the .English troops, and such English gentlemen as lodged that night in the town, repaired immediately to the camp, and leaving a sufficient corps de garde about the grade, joining their forces with the French and Scotch companies, marched towards the enemy, and in a fair field, about three-quarters of a mile from the camp, put themselves 'in battle,' looking where the enemy would eharge. But finding our troops in so good readiness and order they retired, giving two volleys of shot, so that it appeared they were no small number. These men were the first that brought the news of the loss of Oudenarde, which was not f by and by' believed, but is since confirmed to be true; for so have 1 been willed to assure the general, from M. de ' Biova,' governor of this town, being sent to him upon some other business. The place was yielded by composition on Thursday the 5th, between 3 and 4 A.M» upon what conditions is not yet certainly known, because no burgher nor any person within the town is yet come hither. The. people here are much discontented with the loss of this town, that no succour was sent to them in time ; and. speak very broadly of the present government. The soldiers here are growing to a mutiny for want of pay, having scarce bread or drink, being barred from all relief of foraging in the country, which is kept, and lately burned, by the enemy. Our new English troops have stayed for theii* pay at Antwerp, and are not yet arrived here, but are said to be marching hither, having received one half month's pay and no more. This evening are arrived here great numbers of the soldiers in Oudenarde, who were permitted to depart with their arms, bag and baggage, and are now suffered t& refresh themselves in this town, but are received with very hard terms by the burghers.

There is great speech of great eompanwfi in fe enemas eanip, both horse and foot, given out by these Oudenarda ©assigns &ai have arrived here, and a certain assurancefeythem of Mondragon's

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A.». 1582. arrival very shortly with a supply of great forces, and an intent of the enemy's forthwith to besiege Brussels; but it is thought these people have lately been taught their lesson, and therefore no great credit to these reports. Captain Williams with his cornet of horse, and others, is this evening gone towards the enemy, to' understand as near as he can the certain number of their forces, and their purpose for their nest enterprise. By the next convenient messenger, which will not be found here so readily as at Antwerp, I will trouble you with such further matter as I shall have touching their proceedings.—Ghent, 6 July 1582. Add. Endd. 2 pp. July 7-8.

[Holl. and M. XV, 57.]

1 4 3 . HBELE to WALSINGHAM. Last Sunday the Prince of Parma gave a terrible assault to the tow a of Oudenarde, not without great slaughter on either side, for those of the town lost above 100, and the gate withal that hitherto they had so well defended, whereby they were driven to 'keep within their ,new fortification, made before the gate, wearied with watch and travail, and continually beaten with great ordnance that discharged upon them. The day following, the prince offered the town a parley; whieh on Tuesday- had eonie ear given to it,' yet not such .that the governor would consent they should proceed in it. Wednesday about 5 P.M. there arose so vehement a storm and tempest (which we had also here), of thunder, lightning, wind, hail, and rain, the day therewith being changed as it were into night, and the hailstones were of the compass of English shillings, in some portion flat, yet thick and hollowed on one Bide. In which boisterous storm those of the enemy that were within the ravelin and gate, before the new trenches of the town, entered that part while the guards were withdrawn to ' give place ' to the storm, and upon this opportunity ministered (the ' harquebusery ' and great ordnance standing them within in small stead), became masters thereof before they could be repulsed. Yet with a valour that is worthy of perpetual commendation, the burgesses and town soldiers continued in that place fighting the whole night and patt of the next morning, till overcome with weariness and fresh supplies of the enemy, that won upon them by 'inchmele,' they were forced to retire to the inner parts of the town, divided from the rest by the river and its branches. The bridges they had broken down before, to assure their town from irruption,' But being thus reduced to the place of their last refuge, without more hope of relief, ifoey begun to consider of their state and danger, and compelled their governor J du Burgh,' whom else they would have slaiti, to harten to a treaty, by which, upon certain conditions, not yet known, the town, was delivered up the same Thursday; and thereupon a bravado made before our oamp at Ghent by the

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enemy's horse and foot, who offered proudly to have entered the camp. This bred such a confusion within Ghent, and such a division withal, that if our camp had not been near, some great discord would have followed; ' which yet is not well assured/ in respect of the number of mutinous and ' dyssalltered ' number of inhabitants within it. All the pioneers that could be had out of the land of Waes and the places near thereto were sent for, to fortify the camp speedily. This town is become so passionate for the loss of Oudenarde, that it openly ' exclaims of * the French, and of Monsieur, uttering plainly that they find nothing but treasons and deceits in them. The Prince of Orange is also charged with insufficiency and want of good dealing, which is a shrewd presage oi the alterations and revolts that may follow, and of the decay of the means to furnish money withal. And at present both our friends are discouraged, and the States waver in their resolution; also Guelderland is lite to become Malcontent, and they ' deny J to pay any more excise or impost. Bruges sues to have some English ensigns put in garrison in ' their' town lest they be surprised or besieged; whereto Col. Morgan's companies are like to be employed. Cotton's ensign, and Dalton's are sent to Diest, and the war on our side reduced to be defensive. The French king, as he has ' drawn things in length,' and not performed the shutting up of the passages of Mfei^res and Calais hitherto, may be ready upon this ill-luck, and beholding Italy, Spain, Germany, &c. to be banded against us, to abandon us altogether; which is the fruit of 'connivencies,' and oi the council which he retains as most secret to himself. The Count of Mansfelt departed hence towards his troops on Thursday. Monsieur has promised him a month's pay on their arrival. They are now but 1,000 horse 'of service/ 700 French horse, and 1,500 French shot; Fervacques being said to be as yet at ' Muntz' [qg. Mons]. It was ' delivered' here that those troops would not pass from Marcoing and Arleux, through Artois and Meenen, aa was first intended, b u t ' plain west' to Auxy on the river Auihie, and thence by a great' wyndles' to ' Mutkell' [Montreuil], and byBonloimois and the country of Oye to Gravennes, where on Thursday at the morning ebb they were to come over that passage to ^Dunkirk. But it will be easy for the Prince of Parma to be at the seasamls before them, and if he defeat them, he will cut off the hope of our camp, and designs for this year; with an inevitable loss to these countries and the reputation of the government. The Bisnpp of Liege has ridden in post to Germany, and the Prince of Parma has 8,000 foot and 600 horse, BurgWKiimiB, eome to him •within these two dayH. His Italian and Spanish forces are on their march hitner ; so are eei'tein regiments 0! horse and foot from Germany, with pioneers from Bohemia.

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- Our assembly of the States-General proceeds slowly, and at this instant with small devotion to do good. Those of Holland and Zealand are come, but the rest of the countries beyond the ' Mose' are not. Monsieur was much amazed yesterday morning, at his going to mass, when the news was brought him of Oudenarde; wherewith he left ma&B and all, and went suddenly to conference with the Prince at the castle.. The old and new bands of French in our eamp were like to have been in arms among themselves, for difference of religion. . Mr -North's companies at St Bernard's are in .mutiny, and have refused to march with the rest into the camp. His lieutenant, Salisbury, arrived here this afternoon from England, having brought over soldiers. Italian letters contain that the King of Spain has made Mareantonio Colonna governor of the state of Milan, John Andrea Doria viceroy of .Naples, and another Italian viceroy of Sicily; whereby may be gathered with what favour and confidence the king seeks to hold Italy in. Sundry great personages of that nation come down to these wars, in honour of the king, and in respect of religion and justice of the cause. The Imperial Diet will now have ' his ' course, and Plessis is stayed till the 14th; it being judged that now the Diet, when it beholds King Philip's forces here in the field, his right and power joined together, will the easilier 'judge of his'side.' Bu Tray is by Quinaay's means ' discharged into ' France, to serve there from henceforth as superintendent over the Duke's appanages, which has troubled him very much. He is to depart next Tuesday. One thing may happen to trouble this victory in the King of Spain's army, which has happened "often; that is, mutiny for lack . of pay and booty. One Goodricbe, commissary of the Scottish king's guard, came hither sis days since, with letters of credence to Monsieur, carrying superscription to the Duke of Brabant. His message was oongratu^ latory, with many good speeches of affection and friendship, and desiring that his Majesty might be- in perfect good intelligence with Monsieur, as his ancestor had ever been with the House of Yalois, but now by a double respect. He spoke particularly in favour of Gol, Stewart, so charged by the king, touching the difference between Stewart and the captains of his regiment; and withal for his leave and dispatch to come over to bcotland, What else Goodriehe may have treated privately of, either from the king or d'Aubigny, or for making of provisions of munitions here, I shall be able to < understand ' and will advertise accordingly. I find some ' matter to presume of,' for one George Hackett, factor for the Scottish king, and ' eonserge of the nation,' is come from Zealand with Goodriehe hither, and has been since eonfemag with some principal * aoers' in munition. Both Stewart

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and Goodriche have been found to complain that the king their master is very hardly dealt with by England, and so were the principal ministers of Ms Council; which -would force the king to make other princes judges thereof and to ground his own estate better. In conclusion, it is evident that d'Aubigny nourishes in the . king the worst humour that may be towards her Majesty, and stirs up others to the like; striving indeed to come to matters of execution. The Duke of Guise and all that House are at present assembled together in Normandy, for special consultation. They sent a messenger within these three weeks into Seotland very privately. Boger Aston is here in Qoodriche's company; and wrote a letter to my lord of Leicester from Leystoek [Lowestoft] where they touched in their journey hither. Col. Stewart departs towards Batemburg tomorrow.—Antwerp, 7 July 1582. July 8.

Postecriptum, 8 July 1582.—St Aldegonde is appointed President of the Privy Council, but he. has not as yet .accepted the charge, which is his modesty. When the new Council is sworn, I will send their names, and certain intercepted letters, which are to be printed. Our camp at Ghent is not mustered. It moved yesterday towards Bruges, there to join with the reiters, leaving certain garrisons in Ghent, to assure the town. It was debated yesterday in Council to have Monsieur in. person at Bruges with the camp; but the better part judged it neither convenient nor honourable to thrust him out 'to the field-ward* before he was master of it. There is no fault or imperfection that can willingly be noted in him, which is not now openly objected to him by the people; crying to have the French ' frippons' and thenmaster to be (discharged by billet' to their country again. The Governor of Oudenarde with Ms captains andsoldierfl, except Captain Vermyll, who was slain, came to Ghent yesterday, xsey made an honourable composition, departing with arms and ' necessaries. The burgesses have 3 months' respite to order their things, and then to depart whither they would. Bach as submitted to remain there might have their former privileges and state. The preparation of Don Antonio's fleet here is '^uylled.' You understand by s Christovallett' his secretary, now arrived m England, when his master ' departed' ffranee, and itow aewmpanie'd. I shall humbly desire you to impart this letter ' wi&' my ted of Leicester, to whom I have not at present written, by reason of the hasty departure of Wm Paige; and.also became he told me onee that he desired not to hear too soon of ill news. Add.

Endd* S#p.

[HoB. anfrM. XT, 58.}

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A.D.1582.

July 7.

July 8.

FOBEIGN PAPEES. . .

x1_

1 4 4 . THE DUKE OF LUTZELSTEIN to the I have commanded my 'present' son, Duke George Gustavus, that after having aeen Hungary, Italy, France, and other countries he was to go into England, Scotland, and Ireland, to present you both his and my very humble duty, and also to learn some of the virtues of a young prince, in order that hereafter he may the better do service to you, Madam, to his country andfeoChristendom. Wherefore, knowing that there is at this time no princess in the world so endowed with the virtues and other graces of God as yourself, and remembering the good affection you have always shown to the princes of.our house, especially those who have the heart to serve you in your honorable desires and designs, I have repeatedly commanded my son not to pass through England without saluting you and assuring you of what I have said. I beg you to regard him as recommended to you, and believe that neither he nor I will ever forget any favour that may be done him.—Pfalzburg, 7 July 1582. (Signed) Georg Jehan, Palatine of the Ehine, Duke of Bavaria, and Count of Veldentz. Add. • Mndd. Fr. 1 p. [Germany II. 33.] 145. The KING OF SWEDEN to the KING- OF POLAND. John 111, by the grace of God King of Sweden &c, to Stephen, King of Poland &e>, health and increase of goodness. Most serene Prince and beloved cousin; whereas by your former envoy you made most unjust demands of us, even tojthe point of threats, we leam from the later one that you obstinately persevere in your most unjust proposal. Whereat we cannot sufficiently wonder, seeing that it is not only contrary to the bond of kindred that is between us, but also to all equity, and what we deserve. For you demand of us the Duchy of Esthonia, part of which we are defending at great cost from the Muscovite tyranny, and part we have even taken from the enemy, and it has nothing to do with anyone but ourselves, as could be proved if need were by documents. But having given your envoys a definite answer, whence you can understand our mind, we do not think it necessary to repeat that here, especially as we are and shall be of the same mind, and so you may be altogether persuaded, seeing that our cause is most equitable, and. based on justice itself. We have heard to,o that there are some who charge us with negligence for not sending our envoy to that pacification. But how were we to do that when not only were we not informed in time by letter or messenger from you of that meeting between you and the Muscovite (Moschum), who was then the common enemy of us both, but we never had the least idea of entering info any peace with the said Muscovite until he had with the divine aid, nolens vohns, complied with your will and ours, as we had already expressed our mind on this point. For we saw it was not then the time to make any terms with an enemy who would not be able to press us any further if you had consistently continued the war in our company; but rather that we should utilize our fortune against him, until we had turned him out of lands .and provinces, or made him subject or tributary; whereby the peoples' divinely

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placed under our rule might enjoy not a three years', or ten years', but a perpetual peace. Nor need you think that we regret nothaying sent any representative to that pacification; for what could our people have done there when both of you were standing against us. But how well on this principle you consulted the interests of your own reputation, to say no thing for the moment of what we expected, and what you promised, you may see. But as for what you write that such things have fallen from its behind your back as are wont to sunder the closest friendship between nearest allies, as if we had not before, both in writing and by your envoys signified that everything should belong to the party in occupation, and that we were willing to hold and defend what we had occupied from the enemy, you must also know besides, that we did not attack our enemy from the rear, but from the front, not secretly, but openly, and took fortresses and munitions from him. Nor was Plescovia (? Pskov) situated so directly between Moscow, Novgorod and Narva that the Muscovite eould not, if he had dared, have come • thither with his army; or as if we had not with our army tried an assault upon Narva Tbeiore ever Plescovia was besieged by your • army. And if we could have occupied from the Muscovite rall the fortresses in Livonia we should be under no obligation t> give an account of our action to you or any living man. This being ao, we seriously exhort you to abstain in future from this most unjust demand, which in itself is absurd and unfair- It is surely a great injury which has been and still is being dono to us by the States of Poland and yournelf, and cannot but be most highly displeasing to God and men; it ia now therefore time that we should receive some appeasement, not that we should be in any way further ill-treated. And although we see that you hold ns and our realms cheap, you will nevertheless see that we do not fear your threats. But if you still wish to cultivate peaee and friendship with us, take steps as soon as possible to satisfy us, and advertise us thereon by letter or envoy. Unless this is done, let no one wonder if we try all . means appropriate the circumstances.—Upsala, 8 July 1582. Copy. Mndd. Latin. 8

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146.

%%m}- \8weden L 2.]

STOKES to WALSINGHAM.

My laat was the 1st inst., since when there is evil news happened here, which I am sorry to write you of; and that is, upon Thursday last, the 5th of this present July, at 3 r.iu the town of Oudenarde was delivered up into the hands of the Prince of Parma by agreement, viz. the governor and captains with the soldiers to pass out with their ensigns, arms, and weapons. They were 6 ensigns ot toot and 50 horse, who all came into'Ghent on Friday afternoon. Ana the burghers of Oudenarde, all their lives and gootoan pardoned and saved; but they must pay'within 8 days 40,000 guilders m ready money, and until this is paid, none of t h e [ ^ f ^ J ^ J depart, but when it is paid, they may depart mfch their goods •whither they will. By all reports &is town of Oudenarde might haw been kept yet a month longer, for they wanted nothing m the town. But it

FOREIGN PAPEES. A.»,1582.

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seems they had no letters or, advice from this side m three weeks time; whereby a great doubt entered into the burghers' heads that they could not be succoured, whereupon they cried daily to the governor and soldiers to take the agreement that was offered. Besides, there was some discord between the soldiers and burghers. So the town is lost,, to the great grief and discontent of all the commons in these parts. The Gandners are greatly moved at the loss of this town, and use marvellous bold speeches against Monsieur and the Prince, but specially against the Prince ; so that it is greatly feared the loss of this town will turn to some further displeasure, lor generally the speech goes here that it might have been succoured. The day after Oudenarde was lost, in the morning, at break of day, the whole camp of the enemy came 'hand' to the trenches of Monsieur's eamp under Ghent, and called to them to come out to Oudenarde. But M. de Eochepot and M. de Yilliers would suffer no man to go out; so they returned quietly to their camp. Now that Oudenarde is lost news is eome of 2,000 horse, reiters and French, and as many foot, that are come between Calais and Gravelines for the aid of Monsieur. These, if they can, will pass over the river of Gravelines; but it is doubted they will hardly pass that way, for it is thought they are not so many in number, not by a great many, so posts are sent to hasten them forward with all the speed that is possible. God send them well into the country. There are also many speeches here of great forces that the enemy have coming from Italy; ' which that' and other doubtful dealings make all those of the Religion and others that bear good will to the cause fear very much their estate, so that many secret fearful speeches go here. And though Monsieur be in no fault for the loss of Oudenarde, yet the loss of it has lost him the hearts of a number of the commonB. Surely there is here a great ' alteration' among them ; God send it better, for a great number, Protestants as well as Catholics, are going out of the country, most of them of the chiefest and of good callings.—Bruges, 8 July 1582, IKS.—Pray have me in remembrance for my licence of beer, according as my brother in London has presented it to you. Add. Endd.- %pp. [mil. and Fl. XV. 59.] July 8.

147. STOKES to W^LSMGHAK. On a sudden the Prinee of Parma has sent his whole camp that lay before 0wta.:arde in great diligence towards Gravelines. They passed this night through Corttriek, to keep the passage at Gravelines, that" Monsieur's forces which lie between Calais and (rravelines might not eome over. Also this afternoon at 5 o'clock the whole of Monsieur's camp that lay beside Ghent passed through this town in great haste towards Dunkirk* to. the number of 48 eusigns of foot and 20

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comets of horse, esteemed to be about 3,000 loot and 1,200 horse; for the ensigns and cornets are not as full as they ought to be by a great many. These companies are going to join with those that lie between Calais and Gravelines, if they can, to the end the rioters may the better come over ; for it seems the enemy will do what he can to keep them asunder. Further, this afternoon the magistrates of this town have reeeived etters from Antwerp that Monsieur will be at Ghent witlu'n 3 or 4 days, there to be sworn Earl of Flanders. There he will not tarry above 4 or 5 days, and thence be "will eome to this town, and here it seems will remain a long time, because he will be as near his forces as he can. The Prince of Orange and all the Council of State come with his Highness, BO the magistrates are preparing lodgings as fast as they can.

•

Advice is also -written to the magistrates of thiB town thai those of Ghent-have written his Highness a most friendly letter, that notwithstanding the town of Oudenarde is lost, he should not despair nor lose courage, for they, for their parts, are at his command, and will spend their lives and goods to the last man to maintain his enterprise. This letter is very friendly taken by his Highness, and also as strange to all men that the rude Gantners have -written so friendly to him; by which it is hoped they will amend their rude conditions. M. de Bochepofr, M. de Villiers, and General Norm are all past with their troops. God send them good speed,—Bruges, 8 Jmy 1582. . p.S.~General Norris most humbly desires you to write him an answer to the last-letter that he sent you. • He would have written to you from this town, but he did not tarry here, l n d y I tear some quarrel between him and the Frenchmen, for I see it goes not well between them.

-Add 8-10.'

Emld, 3 #p. [ffid. XVI. 60.]

1 4 8 . " The note of the numbers of the Spanish king's army which is embarked for the enterprise of the Isles of the 1 «aeres , of which companies the Marquis of Ste Cruz goes for-^pwa-g*™ both by sea md land, and general of the Spanish galleys winet departed from Lisbon the 10th of July 1582." The tersso of Don Lope de Figueroa, cootaining That of Bon Francisco of Bovadiglia . . The companies of Estremactura.. Three companies.of Ohriatofafio de Erasso The. companies of j y O t The Allmaines

1.527 soldiers 1,806 497 530 620

They which are entertained, serving out of the ^ bands, whereof 80 have accepted pay, the others wzw without wages, which we all in Bomber 16077

£46

"

.

•

- JK*U£4iiiiui.>

PAPEBS.

Gentlemen and private persons who go without wage or entertainment . * Servants of gentlemen adventurers, being able men -

1^0 5,442

There are, beside the 31 great ships appointed to carry this army, 2 great Portuguese galleons, - 7 zabras, 4 caravels, with 1,904 mariners Total

- 7,846 men

This army departed victualled for six mouths, with much artillery and munition, carrying with them 50 great boats, m every one ol which may, be shipped 100 men, which are to be rowed with 8 oars on a side, having certain high boards to he set up upon occasion on the sides ior a defence to the soldiers at their landing. The other navy, which is gathering on the coast of Andalucia and in the Port of Sta- Maria, ' are' compounded of 12'Spanish galleys with 21 great ships, whereof the lesser is of 400 tons and. some pass 1,000 tons. In the same navy there go the two galleons of the Marquis Sta- Cruz; in all which vessels they have embarked 3,000 soldiers in 19 companies, of which li ^are levied in Andalucia, commanded by Antonio Moreto, the master of the camp, and the other five are of the ' Tarze' of Don Hernando de Toledo, which have served in "Flanders The mariners in this navy are in number Total of this army

-

- 4527

This last navy left the Port of S'8- Maria the 8th of July last, victualled for a year, well appointed with artillery and munition. The men-of-war in both these armies amount -to the number of • And the mariners amount to - • - 3,541 which are in all

-

- 11,873

There are in both navies of great ships with the 2 galleons of Portugal, 54; Galleys, 12; Zabras, 7; caravels, 4 ; great boats •with eight oars of a side, 50, In L. Cave's •writing mid endd, by him. 2J pp. July 10.

[Spain I. 100.]

149'. COBBAM to [WALSINGHAM], About the latter end of May there came to me one who called himself John Gower, apparelled after the manner of the Jesuits, when they disguise themselves to pass abroad somewhat unknown. He gave me to understand that he was one of those who took arms in the Xorfch, with the Earls of "Westmorland and Northumberland ; which he did then, provoked, as he said, only for the affection he •bare iu his conscience, to the Pope's religion, and not upon

ELIZABETH.

14?

A.D. 1582. unloyal malicious intent towards her Majesty. So then, escaping out of the realm, he had sought ever since in the most part of this time, by reading, for the further knowledge of the papist religion, which he professed; saying he had, notwithstanding ever abstained from those who were factious and seminary men. A year ago, by the means of his friends, especially Lord Chief Justice Wrey, he had recovered her Majesty's pardon, having, whilst he continued. the same conversation among the Catholic priests, through reading and studying the Scriptures, grown to doubt OE some points which they hold for religion. Lastly he same to this town with a letter from Dr Allen, addressing him to Dr Darbishire and other Jesuits, to obtain a supply of money to transport him into England; and resorting to those Jesuits, according to their accustomed order in the like case, they demanded his opinion of certain articles. To which he said he answered something contrary to their expectation, rendering them doubtful of his opinion, whereby he at that time failed to receive relief at their hands, and thereon began with himself to think to repair to me, beseeching me he might have means to go into England, and enjoy the benefit of her Majesty's gracious pardon. After he had tittered thus much, I asked him what were the points he found in reading the Scripture, whereon he varied from those of the papists' profession. He told me he thought not well of their having candle-lights, bells, and their images in churches. . Then I told him I was glad the reading of Scripture had in any sori: benefited him; and demanding further what he thought of • the Pope's authority, he answered that he esteemed his power was as other bishops'. Then I enquired what s his opinion was of the mass. He told me that he thought it was a high point to answer resolutely,' but desired that through, conference and disputation he might grow to some settled opinion. {Thereon I further said that since he was coming to G-od, and also showing' to have a mind to be restored to her Majesty's favour, he was right welcome to me. I exhorted him to he of good courage ; for I would not only seek that he should have conference with some -well-informed and learned in the Scriptures, but would also give him means to pass into England. He then declared that he suspected the Jesuits would seek means in some sort to trouble him. I desired torn not to fear. So he went, and resorted to me again in the afternoon; - when I went with him apart into my garden, taking W us the New Testament both in English and Freneh. _ We turned to the places concerning the Lord's Supper, beginning j i t h St. Matthew, until we eame to the place of St. John, tU chapter, where it is read how ' It is the Spirit that 4 ^ the flesh profiteth nothing1 etc. upon the showing « ™ J words he grew vehement and obstinate. Therewith I left dealing with him concerning the Supper of the Lord, and «»«?*» to enquire of him his opinion what he thought o H ^ authority of the Bishop of Rome. [Note hi margin;, popery.] j ^ toWme that that bishop had been taken of long time by to be the Head of the Church; wherewith he alle Scripture Tu. es PeUrm [sic] «t«wp*r kan% U d k mmm. I showed him they were only

• -"-./..FOREIGN PAPEBS. A.D.

1582,

,

,.

, „

ij

for the confession of Peter's faith upon the question before asked Of all the Apostles, so that it was no particular grace to Peter more than to the rest, because Christ gave them all the Holy trhost. Notwithstanding, Gower remained,' apacionnated' m the opinion of the Pope's supremacy, through which I was moved to say to him that he varied from the speech he had delivered me at the first meeting, wherefore now finding him wavering in his doings, it made me ' doubt of his dissembled meaning.' Bo I said I could not deal further with him then, until he resolved to speak more overtly, and that with 'trawthe.' He then very earnestly persuaded me to have some learned person to dispute with him on the points of controversy in religion; which I showed I could not now yield to, because it appeared he came pot to me with a clear mind, nor resolved in the principal points which concerned her Majesty's high authority and his due obedience to his natural prince. In this sort we parted. I have been informed that afterwards, upon the Jesuits' complaint, he was put to the Bishop of Paris' prison, where he has been kept secretly in such manner that I could not have him spoken( with, and! lately has been."removed to. the Gonciergerie. Now recovering the copy of his examination (see No. C6) I thought good to send it to you, that upon sight of it you may direct me whether I shall by way of complaint to the King, or otherwise underhand, procure his liberty and so send him into England, or else leave the said John Gower to himself. I attend your pleasure. I have deferred to write anything of this till I had understood thus much of their manner of proceeding with him; the rather because Gower and his disposition was altogether unknown to me. —Paris, 10 July 1582. Add. and endt. gone. 4 pp. July 12.

[France- TIL 124.]

150. COBSAM to WALSINGmM.

.

.

Having had access to the king on the 5th inst. at Fontainebleau I informed him of the advertisements the Queen had received that certain gunpowder had lately been transported into Scotland, sent from Dieppe out of his Majesty's storehouse; ( inferring' further to him that, since his pleasure had been to promise the Queen his assured singular amity, she hoped he would think it to be to no email purpose that such acts should be done, which might breed doubts in bis friendship toward -her. I alleged further so niueh as I was instructed in your letter. The king said there was nothing which he more embraced and accounted of than her Majesty's amity ; but for the transporting of the powder, he knew nothing of it; howbeit he would be well informed therein, and then meant to satisfy her. He added how he understood only that the Duke of Guise had lately sent horses and a present to the Scottish king, I showed him how under colour of the same occasion, the powder might have been passed likewise, • ., '* ^

149 A.D.1582.

After thus much said, the king entered into wishing for the good success of the marriage, showing how greatly he desired it. To this I answered that her Majesty was thereto disposed, and found for the present no greater difficulty than that through the accomplishment of the marriage, she should be overburdened with the great charge of defraying the expenses for his brother's wars in the Low Countries. The king said he found those expenses so difficult that he could not undertake them, I showed him how in seeking the accomplishment of the marriage he was to accommodate that difficulty. He willed me to inform him if I knew any remedy to ease the defraying of the charges; wherein 1 showed him I could not obey him, in consideration I was servant to her Majesty, and because likewise it seemed rather to appertain to Monsieur and Ms best friends to seek the remedies which might; effectuate the marriage; wherein, none could do more than Ms Majesty. He said his desire was such to see the conclusion of the . marriage thai he would presently enter into consideration- of the defraying of the charges. After this I moved him in behalf of the English merchants of Rouen and other of her Majesty's subjects. Whereon he called Secretary Piuart to him, telling him of the matter of the powder, and then declared to him what he had delivered to me concerning the marriage. M: Pinart 'charged' me h o w 1 Mauvisaiere had written that her Majesty had given me commission to declare her resolute disposition in the marriage without any difficulty. I told him I had informed the king so much as I was commanded, which ' • I would have sooner have performed if I had got opportunity to come to his presence being moved-in the cause, as was written by me in my late letter to M. Pinart. The king lastly said again he would presently enter into the consideration for the defraying of those charges. Then I went from his presence to the Queen Mother, whom I found so «eH disposed that incontinently after I had done my reverence with a few words of compliment, before I could ' enter 'to show her what I had delivered to the king, she assailed me with earnest «™«**i concerning the marriage, in which she gave me to u she could have no longer patience to see it BO im her desire being so much increased through the of her Majesty's bountiful and gracious dealing "'• told her it was much to be marvelled to hear her their desire in their earnest words; and yet to remedy those difficulties which in all reason an her Majesty's consent to conclude the marriage delivered to her what I had spoken to the king matter. The queen said she hoped he we" ' whereon I wished she could persuade him fa and make open show of bis brotherly lave

150

,

EOBllGH PAPBBS.

A.D. 1582.

since King Philip had got what -he could, she meant to ' take the ways' to get something if she might, and in favouring Don Antonio her meaning was likewise to help herself. I informed her of the transporting of the powder, wherein she assured me the king would not suffer anything to he done which in any sort might be disagreeable to her Majesty. This is as much as I could for the present ' receive ' of the king and MB mother. The king gave audience the day before niy coming to the Court to the Pope's nuncio and the ambassador of Venice, to the ambassador of the Duke of Savoy, and to M. de Chatillon, the duke's gentleman sent extraordinarily with a message touching the affairs of Geneva; wherein he desired the king's good liking, considering the town of right appertained to him. To which 'purpose,' as I understand, his Majesty answered with many fair words of compliments, rehearsing the kindred and alliance he had with the duke; but as for the enterprise, he meant to deliberate what lie should best think thereof. It is thoxight he will temporise till he sees the humours of all other princes, before he discovers his open intent. I have been otherwise given to understand that the duke has sundry gentlemen of Auvergne and Provence •who offer their service for that enterprise. Ho has employed sundry French gentlemen to pass into' the town disguised, to discover how they carry themselves hi Geneva. It is thought that Piceolomini with most of his banished men will be employed in those wars against Geneva. The ambassador of Savoy gives out that the Elector of Saxony has not only sent a. comfortable message to his master, but has also dispatched a gentleman to the Cantons to recommend to their good consideration the Duke of Savoy's title and right to Geneva. I have been informed that M. ' Cahors,' the most favoured person about the Duke of Savoy, and the chief .' carrier' of this enterprise, has passed disguisedly to this Court, and had conference with their Majesties. _ On the same day the ambassador of Savoy had audience, the' king dispatched M. ( Langrone,' belonging to the financeg, to his commissioners still remaining among the Swiss with good satisfaction to their requests, and in favour of those of Geneva, as I have learned.

-

;

Advertisements are come to-day that the Duke of Savoy has entered the vale of St Martin, beside the vale of 'D'Angrone' [Angroynej, where he has caused those of the Eeligion to be murdered, contrary to the composition made by his father and him •with those of the vale of St. Martin. The duke has got 2,000 from the papiat Cantons to- serve him, who have already marched about by the way of Piedmont. The Duke of Mantua has lately seat a gentleman to this king about the private controversies between him and his brother the Bute of Meyers.

ELIZABETH.

151

1582. The General of the Franciscans, who is of the House.of Mantua, had audience of the king on the 3rd inst. in the Queen Mother's outer chamber. There were present hard beside the kiag, to hear what he said, the Cardinal of Bourbon, M. de Bellievre and M. de Chiverny, The General informed his Majesty he was come to accommodate the disorders of those of Ms own order, but would not deal therein till his Majesty's pleasure were known, nor yet resort to Paris unless he first gave him leave. The king answered he liked very well his manner of proceeding, intending to take advice of the ancient fathers of the Galilean Church, what they should think meet to be done. This was the sum of what passed between the General of the Franciscans and the king. An Italian friar has been sent to prison by President de Thou, because he began to ruffle with the Parisian Franciscans on the authority received from the General. The king has deferred the meeting of his princes and chief personages till the 22nd. The ambassador of Spain has given out that in the Portugal Indies they have chosen a governor in the name of King Philip, contrary to what Don Antonio's faction affirms. I understand from Eu in Normandy that the Duke of Guise has erected a little house for the Jesuits, as this bearer ean more particularly inform you. I used likewise the ' other meanJ you advised me; by "whom I was advertised that there is no extraordinary novelty nor shipping in those parts. It may be that M. Bacqueville seeks to spoil the Englishmen in respect of Mme de la ! Granache/ whom it has been thought he would marry; because he has been condemned in the Courts in certain sums of money for spoils done to Anthony Garvet, Howe, and Castelyn, with other merchants of London. I was visited by Earl Bothwell before his departure, He is at present at Rouen, with intention to pass by sea mto Scotland He shows himself zealous in religion and much affected to her Majesty. I have seldom seen a young nobleman of a better behaviour and of more considerate speeeh in the state and affairs of his country. Lord Hamilton was also with me yesterday, returned trom Germany ,* where he has seen Skasburg and other places. Me nm takes his ioumey towards Bouen, where Earl Boflwrell fifags for him, there being great good friendship between them, Theam Lord Hamilton goes, as he informs me, into Hormandy, there to pass some time before returning to Paris. I am given to understand by a Scottish gentleman, a Head of mine, to whom the Bishop of Glasgow said and assured that the Scottish king 'conformed himself with his mother? meaning, both to run o n t course/ how that all the meonvmwncw u r i matters passed were accommodated.—Puns, 12 July J&WA Add.

EnM.

5 Pi), {Frame VU

J

PAPEES. 1582. July 12.

A.D.

151. HEELB to WALBINGHJUI. I send you herewith a copy of the capitulations of Oudenarde [see No. 140], and a book newly printed of letters intercepted. On Saturday our camp moved from Ghent towards Bruges, leaving a garrison behind them, to foin with the reiters. The enemy followed, to cut between them and the other companies, which would make us desolate, if any defeat happened to us. In their march- from Bruges to ' Owdernburgh' the English soldiers mutinied, and took Mr Norris and the rest of the captains prisoners,! ' pretending' that they had received 3 months' pay, and ' answered them but half a month.; which forced Count Bochepot to march with the Boots and the French, God knows unwillingly, towards Dunkirk. This moved the English' soldiers, in respect of their honour, to appease themselves, and to follow Eochepot with speed. But the advertisement of this disorder coming hither bred such a care in Monsieur that he deemed all to be lost if these forces should be thus separated from the rest in such a time of danger and service. He therefore dispatched Pruneaux, Bonnivet, and another in diligence to them with his own letters, to admonish them of their duty. But they were in good terms and mar eked away before Eochepot was gone far before them. The reiters are between the country of Oye and St. Onier's, burning and spoiling the whole country to the gates of St. Omer's, appertaining to the enemy; yet still keeping themselves beyond the river ' Ha.5 It is to be feared lest the enemy surprise them before the other companies arrive; and then are they all in danger,, for the enemy has 56 cornets of horse in the field, and has from" Cortriek to St Omer's but 7 leagues. It is determined here, when our companies are joined together and may return unbroken to Bruges, there to' * address ' our camp, to keep the country called the ' F r e e ' and the coast of Flanders that way from the incursions of the enemy. Also it is, determined that Monsieur and the two Princes, of Orange and Epiaoy, •with the States-General, shall tomorrow depart to Flushing, and thence either by Sluys or Hardenburg repair to Bruges, there to 'hold state' and provide for the affairs of the camp and for all that may occur; which is done to content the people, who are without measure moved against the French for Oudenarde and for the proceedings o£ this time. If her Majesty or the French king do not in good earnest help with money and with the other forces promised, speedily, the king of Bpahi will make a great hole this year into the country, and things will grow to extreme confusion. The French king has assembled the great persons of his realm to consult how to proceed in this affair, for things may be no longer disgtiised. But yesterday Monsieur received a little ' ticket * from France, by whieh it was advertised that the king was so sick that it was doubtful whether he would recover or no. Hereof some 1 _mate construction ! that if it prote so indeed, he will from Flushing (where it is meant to sojourn till the camp returns to Bruges), depart for France to'set order in his. things,5 This

SLtZABMH.

'

A.b. 1582. accident of the French king's death (if it happen), behoves [sic! her Majesty to foresee the inconveniences depending thereon beforehand. I speak in duty and zeal, hoping that your wisdom will pardon it in me.

.

On Sunday I saw letters from the French c ligier' in England assuring Monsieur that the Queen was never so fervent in desiring marriage as now, having hy oath assured him that in case the French king would 'discharge' her of those wars, she would roundly conclude marriage with Monsieur. This is received here as matter of ' entertainment' to draw them in, and to free ourselves. i We look for the l)uke of Aerschot and his son the Prince of Ghimay here forthwith, understanding that the. prince has heeome a Protestant, and has received the Communion at Sedan; but the race is very light.

The Scotch commissioner is liere as yet, and has some private dealings with Monsieur, which I shall shortly learn. He and George Hacketfc have ' been in hand' for some munition and arras, but I do not see their credit nor purse answerable. I will observe what follows: assuring you that the discontentment of Scotland grows more and more, and d'Aubigny urges it incessantly. The whole house of G-uiseis together in consultation in Normandy. The burgesses of Oudenarde did not do their devoir as well as the soldiers, for rthey were won to the enemy by practice, whereof ' Lochingam,' S de Pamele, who was within with them, wag the author. Nor was there so great resistance as Monsieur was informed of, ' in the order' as I wrote to you by the last post. They- of Malta have taken a very rich English ship in her return from Constantinople. I wish Mr Osborne and the Company would fee me well to solicit in her Majesty's name the delivery of this ship and goods; to which journey I nave good disposition, or " to any service I am capable of.—Antwerp, 12 July 1582.

12.

Add.

Endd.

2pp,

152.

COBSAH to

[Hott. and M. XVI. 61,]

1 have delivered to Mr Doyly, and to a French, gentleman, the money I received by, your order from Signor Horatio Palkvieino, assigned to he delivered to Mr Champernori your servant; hy whose letters I understand that he has lately been siek, but is recovered of his ague, remaining a^ yet somewhat weak. He has . given me means to send to him from time to time, Mr Doyly departs presently towards Eouen. It is signified' to me that the Duke of Savoy Has * givea order' in this town to win the Chevalier Breton to Ms devotee, if he resori hither. So I thought good upon the knowledge- thereof to put you

154

.

FOREIGN PAPEES.

.

A.D.1582.

in mind how if 'the said Briton' should go for the Duke of Brabant's service, and be entertained by the l)uke of Savoy, he might be ' compassed' to do her Majesty secret service at the Court of Savoy, where much intelligence might be had of matters ' pretended' against her and those of the Eeligion, now that that duke is entered so deeply into the confederation with the Pope and the Catholic king; ' presuming' I have an acquaintance who will win the Chevalier Breton to her Majesty. I know not whether you will think it good that by Monsieur's * means the Prince of Geneva, son to the Lady of la ' Granache,' might be practised out of prison, -where he lies at Paris; so that he might be 'raised up an opposite instrument' to the Duke of Savoy and those of the House of Nemours. Mario Birago, being lately come out of Flanders, is levying 500 or 600 soldiers in Paris and hereabouts for the Duke of Brabant's service. I am given to understand by a personage of quality, conversant with this nuncio and the Spanish agent, that those two are assured the Prince o£ Orange has such an indisposition that he cannot continue alive above a. month or so. Dr Beufcrieh, I hear, has written to some of his acquaintance that the Imperial Diet is deferred till the end of August. The Emperor having started on his way had returned again, upon advertisements received a practice was to be made against his person and dignity. The King of Fez has sent letters to this king with great offers of his favour, and all other means, with promise to send an ambassador to this Court. My neighbours about Carnavalet's house whisper that the king has, since his diet, enjoyed the overmuch favour of Mile de . Stavay, one of his mother's maids. Shoute came yesterday with her Majesty's letters and yours; in which cause I will use all diligence and expedition. The Duke of Guise went hence yesterday to Fontainebleau,— Pans, 12 July 1582. Add, EnM. July 13.

8#p.

[France VII. 126.]

1 5 3 . CUSTODIO LEYTAM to WALSINGHAAI. The Queen gave me permission to speak with her last Tuesday, but being pressed to eaieh the tide had not time to hear what I was charged by the king my master to say. She said it should be for today or tomorrow, and that I might go to you, whom she would cause to let me know her will. I seed this bearer to ask if it will be tomorrow morning or when she pleases. -The ambassador s letter will be with this, I took it to Greenwich, but yott were gone. Excuse delay.—London,-12 July 1582.

AM; a l l . Walsingikh Endd. Fr. \p.

[France VIZ. 127-]

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582. July 13.

IBS

1 5 4 . EOGBE WILLIAMS to WALSINGHAAI. I wrote you the last day bow the French and we could not agree. ' Aster ! Ufy. yester] day we were together in the wars; 200 lances French, led by Mr de 'Tilleny,' 500 shot led by Dalyne [?]. I was with them with threescore English lances. We met with 200 lances of the enemy within hall a league of Bourbourg, and had them in chase to the gates, retiring with no loss. At a bridge a league from the place we met Mr de Yilliers, who had been to view Pettin [ay. Pitgan], where we meant to camp this day. He left 100 shot at the bridge, and commanded all the cavalry to march ' afore' with all the rest. We would have had 100 horse to stay with the 100 foot, he wonld not. His reason was because he would have the enemy to follow, and those shot should take a house which was hard by. Before we were a league from the place the enemy had engaged them in such sort that before they could • recover' the house, ran [sic] through them and took some 80. Some ' friend of us' told them that it was the horsemen s fault. Before we were at our camp they fell • a-raihng at us rnsueh sort that we began to fall out. Hearing us speak English jmonat them, when they came to the camp laid [we] most part ot the fault on us, knowing nothing of Villiers's command I tear me within few flays we shall fall all by the ear. Although the honest men and gentlemen of both nations agree very well, but fox jealousy of their honour in service, yet there pass such giea abuses betwixt the common soldiers, that unless at be redressed ' presently' it will fall out shortlyThis night enter the camp 14 Bngliah and j^mtoys ensigns>; I mean the 11 ensigns which came from Fnesland ^ ^ continue yet in their humour to our shame all. Today * » RuMJ cranes to Bruges • then there is no doubt but he will make Z fd general a hundred times bare ^ £

commended. T h e r e arrived here yesterday 5 cornets o f - j g

shall see what will come of it Ifear I must t r o u b l e ^ lord, yourself, for dinner and suppeiv well to speak to hex- Majesty to give me

A.D.

1582. P,S.—When I earn© out of England there was many gentlemen willing to breaklancea for the honour of their 'favours.' Let them come hither; I will be bound to them they shall have their wills within 10 hours. - .

Add. Endd. ipp.

[Roll, and Fl, XVI. 62.]

July IB.

155. Copy of the above, not quite complete. Endd. %pp. [Ibid. XVI. 62a,]

July 18.

156. COBHAM to WALSINOHAM.

•

Receiving your letter by Jackson, I thank you for not only making me. in it understand your careful soliciting of my suit to her Majesty, but also of your mindful dealings' towards my lord Treasurer for the procuring of the fee-farm, which you perceive her Majesty would not be inclined to grant me. You let me understand, moreover, that you make choice of me to prefer a suit to my behalf which may be more agreeable to her Majesty, and will yield me as you suppose £2,000. I must surely.in this manner of dealing highly esteem the show of your friendliness, and beseech you to frame this matter, and deal in this ease, so that I may have just cause to acknowledge your good deeds. I. only fear but in altering my suit it may prove to my hindrance, or discontent her Highness. I assure you that when she resolves to bestow on me only a suit of ^2,000 in value, I am to gain thereby but labour for my pain, with small comfort. I request you to fashion the suit to be worth to me ^3,000 or more, whereby I may have some good cause to think my time, expenses, and service the happilier employed and mj obligation to you the greater. I wish her Highness had now done me good with that bountifulness that she might thereby have gladded my heart, and not in this staggering sort have dulled my courage. Notwithstanding, I refer myself, to her disposition, acknowledging how much (rod has power in the hearts of princes and in the works of men, |o which divine ordinance I humble my desires. — Paris, 18 July 1852. Add. Endd, l^pp.

July 14,

[France VII. 128.]

157. THOMAS DOTMSY to WALSENGHAK.

'

Immediately upon the loss of Oudenarde, before the enemy had ordered his affairs ' intentife' thereon, our camp marched in great journeys towards Dunkirk to join with the 1,500 'Carabins' of Count Mansfeld, 7 eornets of French lancers and 2,000 PrencJi infantry, and they are already mei The Frenchmen's report multiplies them to a greater number. Being met they retire again towards Bruges, The enemy follows and makes head "towards a place called 'Boialar' [Bousselaere]. . There is great expectation & of tether supplies out of Eranee. Last wfeek Grave tan Hovenlo, alias Halloe, lieutenant for the Prince m. Holland, who as report is will also marry his daughter,

.,. A.D.1582.

ELIZABETH.

'

Grave William van Nassau bis nephew, Grave van Berghe, statholder of Guelderland, who married, the Prince's sister, the Herrvan 'Hofsaeks,' who took Sehenk prisoner, and the Herr of Nynort, a Frison, with their regiments, and the garrison of Nymegen, Zutphen, Utrecht, &c, defeated 4 cornets of horse and a regiment of infantry in Lirnburgj and another regiment, newly raising, hut unarmed. This present Saturday the Duke and the Prince, h conseil d'estat, la chambre de finances and des aides are removing to Bruges by Mushing.—Antwerp, 14 Julj 1582. Add. July 14.

Endil

1 p.

[Holl. mid Fl. XVI, 681]

1 5 8 . " THOMAS-LDNGSXON to WAISINGHAM. '.

The two packets with, your letters of the 5th and 7th inst. I received on the 12th, together with the letters for Mr Gilpin and others, as also copies of former letters, written for his direction, with demand of the interest and assurance required for ' Paulovieini's' money. Wherein the States-General have done nothing at this meeting for her Majesty's satisfaction, though they have been together here more than eight days, and solicited thereto by these Dutch merchants that'' trade England'; but are broken up sad departed. The loss of Oudenarde so troubled them at their meeting that they are said to iiaye dealt in no matters, bat only for ' carriage and provisions •' of their wars. ' Monsieur, with the Prince, &e,ia this day gone by way of Zealand to Bruges, where he is Hie to keep residence for a time, aM where the speedy reassembling of the Estates is expected; so Paul • "' : Auradt is repairing thither to urge them for order to content lier Maiesty, And if it shall seem good to you that Thomas hiokm at Bruges shall deal there in any sort with the Estates m that behalf, I account he will do what you give him order for, as also i m tins place will observe your commands all I can. The packet directed 'for Augsburg to Mr Gilpto' there>, on Tuesday next shall be sent by way of Nowraberg, fox• ao>m his direction. Also those to Mr Daaett and Eremjn are stiU hsw to. . want of bearer agreeable to their commissions. They were at Ghent, and may now be removed to Bruges. The 'rest ot Mta:* ai-e delivered, as by their respective awwfira I teust tbey wU advertise. Antwerp, 14 July, 1582. Add. Eadd-. lp. [HoO. and FL XVI. 64] July 1-1.

159. EOSENSH LESIEUK to I wrote to vou on the 6th inst. sending you the details of Mr

to^araae me for being BO p -t>y tbe length of my operations and the

158 AD.

FOBEIGN PAPEKS. 1582. remaining to me for the proseoution of my task, unless you remedy it. Mr Roger S'B expenses amounted in May last to nearly 10,000 florins, and will increase yet much more if he be hot soon brought away. I hope to hear from you by the nest post, as I shall have to make my arrangements.—Antwerp, 14 July 1582. Add.' Endd. F>\ I p. \Holl. and Fl. XVL 65.]

July 15.

160.

STOKES

to WALSINGHAM.

My last to you was the 8th inst. which were two several letters, wherein I gave you to understand oi all things passed here at that tune.

•

•

Monsieur's troops that lay between Calais and Gxavelines, which were 1,500 reiters, all pistolettiers, 3 cornets of Trench lances, and 1,500 French foot, are all eome over Gravelines river in safety, without, any let or resistance, and have joined with Monsieur's camp, so that they lie all together between Dunkirk and Berghes, where it seems they will lie till the rest of Monsieur's forces come from France,, who are daily expected. • . • Also these 8 French cornets and the French foot as aforesaid were sent as guides to the reiters, who in passing through Artois burnt 15 fair villages and spoiled all their corn on the ground as they passed, and brought with them a great rieh booty of prisoners and ' beastialle.' • • . On Friday last there went out of Monsieur's camp 2,000 horse and foot towards Grtwelines and Bourbourg, and took all their kino and other ' beastiall' that belonged to those two places, and as they returned home they met with one cornet of horse that was at Gravelines, and overthrew them all. At the enemy's coming between 'Bealle 1 \_qy. Bailleul] and * Hounseott' they heard the aforesaid troops were passed over Gravelines river, and had joined with Monsieur's camp; whereupon they returned again to Oudenarde, where they lie, and will not stir from thenee till they are paid two months' pay, which it is promised them they shall have very shortly. That being received, the speech is they will go and besiege Dismude ; for it is reported they are making preparations for it. It is said that Monsieur will be here within 6 or 7 days, but will not yet go to Ghent, because all the enemy's forces lie beside Ondettfufde. He has written to the magistrate of this town to be at no charge against his coming. Notwithstanding, they will do something for the receiving of him; and considering the shortness of the time, it will cost them about £200. and all King Philip's arms they take down, and set Monsieur's in'their place. The day after Monsieur's camp passed through this place, 11 ensigns of General Norris's regiment fell into a mutiny for their pay and service in Friesland, in such wise that none of their captains and oibeers durst come among them. This mutiny chanced within half au English mile of this town, and continued

ELIZABETH. A.D.

• 16&

1582. till yesterday. Then they were pacified and set contented by Colonel Morgan, who took great pains in the matter, and ventured his life among them, for they would speak to no man but him. If he had not been, they had gone all to the enemy, for they were marching thitherwards with their ensigns, for in the time o! their mutiny, the enemy of Corttrick sent to them to come and serve on that side, and they should be paid all their pay, and have good entertainment at their hands, with other fair promises. And as they were marching thitherwards, the simplest Boldiers amongst them on the sudden took the ensigna from them that were the beginners of this mutiny, and returned back; and the rest, about 200 of the best soldiers, are gone with all their weapons to serve the enemy at Corttrick, to the great grief of all these parts, for surely their disorder was very great. Enclosed I send the names of those who began this mutiny, which Col. Morgan gave me, and all those with the double crosses were the stirrers-up of this mutiny. I have received yours of the 8th.—Bruges, 15 July 1582. P.S.—This afternoon the magistrates of this town have received letters that Monsieur arrived at 9 o'clock this forenoon at Flushing, and will be here tomorrow afternoon. He makes great haste to be here to send some order in Ms camp; which God send good fortuneAlsd this afternoon the magistrates received a letter from the admiral of Dunkirk, wherein he writes that M. la Motte is departed this world. He died at Gravelines of a hurt in one of his legs above the knee, which he received at the siege before Oudenarde. Add,

July 15.

Endd.

8sp.

[Holl and FL XVI. £56.]

161. CLAUDE PATJLM-YEB to WALSINGHAM. farm of a A short time ago I prepared a little piece in the far Christian lamentation for the troubles of Prance. I have thogh good to set it before you for the obligation that I have, m general to the whole country, and particular to my good lords the ambassador Cobham, Baron 'Sandie,' Onthon [fly. Unton] and others; testifying in so small a matter the will I have to servei you all m & better action. I am sure that you will receive it with the same good will that oil* Sovereign Lord ever did all the small offerings m His first temple; or His Son, our Savior, the• twowfltoJ &J* poor widow in the Christian ehm-ehjWi* and will endure my imperfection as I know you will attribute all perfection to that Heavenly Father, from.whom proceed every good giving and every perfect gift.—Paris, 15 July 1582,

Add. Endd.: from Claude Panto, trith & . [France VII. 139.] 16.

162.

CCBHA3E tO

Since this bearer, the Earl of S W letters from you, I could not but retain ten

160 " A.D.

FOEBIGN PAPEBS.

1582.

,

'

•

that I have received the king's letters addressed to M. de Pierrecourt, the vice-admiral of Normandy, for the redressing of d'Armeville's roving. I purpose to send them by an express messenger, whereby the perfect and good event of those letters may be truly certified to yon. I am this day departing towards F. ontainebleau, to deal •with their Majesties about Alderman Osborne's ship detained in Malta; wherein I will by all means solicit his Majesty to favour those Englishmen and ship, and get Shewte the king's protection, -without • which the Inquisitors will perhaps extend their malice, for it seems that the Pope and the tribunal of the Inquisitors have extended their snares to entrap her Majesty's subjects. They certify me that this king has consented t h a t ' easily and stilly' the discipline of the Council of Trent shall be put in practise . •within this realm, first on the elergy, and so to proceed to the • laity. As ior the Jesuits, they are now nestled even on the shores next to England; being hived there with hope to s-warrn over into England upon every bad occasion; if God and zealous policy do not prevent their subtle designs. ' It is feared that in this assembly of- the noblemen to be held at Pontainebleau, t h e ' matters of orders' of popish religion will be propounded and advanced. At the least, little hopes of good can be where the Guises-have so many voices, together with those other Spanish and Eomish hirelings. The king likea peace well, and ia content to accommodate himself to save his state and stake • which is to all appearance his course. ^ They persuade him that he is the Pope's eldest son, as King of France, and that for default only of his aeal and intelligence the French have failed of their former credit in Eome and Italy. Hcwbeit, these persuasions are but abuses; notwithstanding the king is induced thereby, and grows more and. more ' ceremonious.' He is haunted almost night and day by one M. Saint-Germain, a canon of Notre Dame, the Pope's nuncio's creature, and an ' entire' officer of the Bishop of Paris. He lodges this priest in Oonrt, and haunts his prayers.' In this humour he shows himself as ' apassionated * as he has done in others past. The Duke of Guise says the Prince Dauphin does not go to Flanders. I have not as yet received answer from Mr Phillips, The Duke of Montmorenoy has taken arms, as I am informed by a near friend of his. , Mr Copley spoke with the Duke of Maine at Rouen, and went to fcrailloii to confer with the Duke of Guise.—Paris, July 16,1582. Add, Endd, ^pp. [France VIL ISO.} July 16. .•

1 6 3 . H-KBLE to WiismeHAir. To the end you may see that I have not written to you without foundation, m my former letter, of the mutiny that was among our men, i send herewith Col. Morgan's letter' touching the same;

• .-. . A.».

ELIZABETH.

16]

1582. praying you. to return it to me sealed in' your next, that I may answer any cavillation that may be objected to me, if speech should come of it. For as I am anxious to do good offices among them, so on the other side there reigns such, ambition and envy that it ia hard to admonish them to that which the honour of our country, • and their service, requires. The camp of the reiters, and of our men, as we understood here to-day, is about the abbey called The Dunes, a league from ' Newport.'—Antwerp, 16 July 1582. - - Add,

July 16.

•

164.

Endd.

£p.

[HoU. and Fl. XVh 67.] .

ATJELEY DANETT

to

' Presently upon the yielding up of Oudenarde' the whole camp marched from before Ghent towards Dunkirk, to join with the French forces so long looked for, which arrived last week to the number of 2,000 horse and as many foot, but vexj poorly appointed, ; Daily forces arrive, and it is said, the Prince Dauphin and If. Fervacques come shortly with more. They remain all together - about Dunkirk as yet, awaiting further direction at the Duke's coming, to this town, which will be to-morrow; for yesterday morning he and the Prince of Orange certainly came to Mushing. Monsieur'iS coming: hither is said .to be to make a general muster of Ms whole camp and to set some order among them, whereof there • is great need; for already the French offer many insolences and great injuries to our nation and to others, which must be redressed, or else some.great inconvenience will ensue. Our people likewise are not of the best government, or oldest regiment; having lately entered into a muting alleging their want of pay. Tie matter is now well appeased, and they marehed with Col. Morgan towards the camp. This mutiny has grown chiefly from the captains, who, imagining that the general detains their pay, which he lias received only in paper, have been the secret contrivers of this disorder. The French have helped to blow the coal, and therein have used Bow. Yorke for an instrument; who being sergeant-major of the whole camp, runs his course altogether amongst them and seems k> be altogether at their devotion. But I think Mr Morris's regiment will not easily be 'east/ although I think the Freaeh will attempt It'what they may'; and some English captains, hj permission that they shall' have the room,' will under hand be as forward as they, not seeing that ere long the Frenca would be well contest* to be rid of them all. • At Dunkirk there are in garrison 7 companies of French,3 of Scots, and 8 of the Dutch. The 6 latter will be removed shortly, it is said, and French to eome in their place.. In this town are § companies, which will be increased at his HighBeass eomm^ : hither; and as it .should appear, the chief amm of the viage hither is to plant the French ia some strength m these ^uaiWs. —Bruges, 16 Jttly 1582.

. /

Add

Bndd, lj-jjp.

[Holl and M.

p"L

162

FOEEIGN PAPEES.

A.D.1582.

July 17.

165, ATJDLBY "DANBTT to JOHN NOBBIS. I was purposed to have waited upon you, to have given you to understand what I have done in your business; but finding this messenger by good hap, and not having as yet procured you any lodgings (which by the good help of one of the Prince's secretaries I hope shall be done tomorrow), I have thought good to write to you, Touching your letters to his Highness, I found the means, by o M. Eoquetaillade, to have them delivered; his Highness and the " Prince being both together. I received answer that he was very well content with your letters, and was glad of what you wrote, touching the punishment of the late mutineers; and this was_all M. de ' Boque' wished me to write to you touching that point. After the Prince was despatched from his Highness, and retired to Ms own lodging I delivered him your letter. Upon the receipt of it, he enquired how you did, &e. I delivered further to him the substance of yotir message sent by Mr Barker. Touching the mutineers he said he was sorry such an inconvenience should fall upon you, being one of his very good friends; but was glad the matter was well appeased, and that you had written in such sort to Monsieur, who had shown Mm your letter. Eor his own part, you might assure yourself of his aid and assistance therein, whensoever you should demand it; and in a far greater matter should find him ready to do you what pleasure he could. Touching the 6,000 guilders, I had no sooner spoken of them, but he said ' I know it well enough, and even now I spoke to Ms Highness concerning that; who tomorrow will take order therein to your contentment.' And because I would give occasion of further speech therein, not understanding perfectly what was his meaning, I said that by Mr . Dorpe'e means and credit you took up of a sudden 6,000 guilders in this town; and being desirous to ' discharge' Mr Dorpe, and to keep your credit, you besought Mm for an ordinance to the treasurer of Zealand for the said sum, whereof 4,000 being due by them of Zealand, the 2,000 should be rendered again out of the money to be received from Holland and Utrecht. The Prince 'made strange' at money due to you from Zealand, and asked certain questions; since when it was due, how much hid been paid, and that they ought but to pay their part. In all which. I was ignorant, and therefore was forced to be silent; only I said I thought 4,000 to be due, because you had given me my instructions to deal with Ms Excellency touching the same. But he said he thought no; because those of Zealand had very lately told him they had paid you all. I durst not reply,, nor trouble him again to explain his meaning touching your contentment which his Highness would give for the 6,000 guilders ; and therefore am constrained to send you an imperfect answer. '-" _ Mr Barker procured yesterday a wagon to Antwerp of the lieutenant of the munition of wagons, as going upon your business; wMeh he beseeches you to take upon you, and to thank the lieutenant foi- it, if he shall chance to repair to you. He further prays me to let you understand that Mr Lester is shortly to repair

ELIZABETH.-

163

A.n. 1582. into Holland about business of his own; and if you like him to deal m your business with the States there, which he is- very willing to do, you would send your commission and direction to him. He would have signified thus much to you at his being at the camp, but he did not remember it. Monsieur and, the Prince arrived here this afternoon ; and although I cannot learn the certainty of their abode here as yet, such as I have enquired of, think they will not depart hence in haste.

..

I received letters today from Mr Longston at Antwerp, dated the 16,th insi, in which he writes it is reported there that the French king is very sick, and not like to recover. Also that the Prince of Parma has retired to Namur, to join the forces coming to him out of Savoy. Tomorrow morning I will 'travail' with one of the Prince's secretaries, called de Hugues (?), who very friendly offers to go to the burgomaster to procure your lodging in this town. Please thank him when you come hither for his friendly travail in tMs behalf.—Bruges, Tuesday, 17 July 1582. Add. in French. Endd. (in WaMngka?n's office). 3 pp. [Roll and Fl. XVI. 69.]

July 17.

leg.

MAUYISSIEKE

to WALSINGHAH.

I am sending to ask after her Majesty, and to know how she is, and when she will be pleased to give me an answer; also to thank you for your great trouble in regard to all the kinds of doge and greyhounds which the king my master wants to have from this realm. I take the same opportunity of thanking you for all your kindnesses to all Frenchmen, and the good cheer yoii lately made me at yotu house. There will also be these poor Breton folk, who go with the bearer to thank you for the good will you have borne them up to now, and to pray you to continue it to them, to the recovery of their ship when it eomes back; which most of them have decided to await here rather than to return. I am also very urgent about the Hermim of Brest, which is in the hands of Messrs Knollys; this bearer having taken steps to solicit for it, I beg you to be favourable to him, and give him a little hearing *, and to command me ia all things wherein I may serve you.—London,, 17 July 1582. Add, July 17, • 1 0 7 ,

Endd. Ft.

lp.

[France VII. 181.]

MAXIMILIAN COBHAM

to Wi.hsmam.is.

Although at this time there are not many noveltiest current in these parts worthy of writing, yet remembering both my duty towards you and my promise to you, I thaught it not meet to suffer this respondent to pass without my letters,

164

•

A.D.1588.

FOKEIGN PAPERS.

The Duke of Savoy's forces increase daily. JLney are placed m villages round about G-e'neva. Some say they are strong 20,000 foot and 2,000 horse. If the 'papish ' cantons hold with him, as some judge they will, his camp will be greater [than] the country •will he able to furnish with victuals. The Spaniards pass daily in great troops for Flanders; they are welcome wherever they come, for they pay frankly. The Pope sent two galleys with ' bandityes' to ' Son Altezze,' which were-taken prisoners by the Turks.' The Duke of Florence has since armed three galleys 'to the Sea,' which by chance 'might' with the Turks that took the Pope's galleys in fight, and took them, and much riches which they robbed from others, to the value of 600,000 crowns. Such occurrentg m this place yields, you shall know from time to time; I would to God my pen could give such grace to describe with what zeal and singleness of heart I have always honoured you; or that you might descend into the secret parts of my mind. Then you should certainly find how I am affected to you. But many word a may breed suspicion of flattery. My love towards you is not so great in affection, as I desire to effect it in action.—Lyons, 17 July 1582. Add. Endd. 11 pp. [Ibid. VIL 132.]

July 18.

1 6 8 . MAUYISSIBEE to WAI,SINGHAM. This bearer, named Jehan de Buse, a poor French seaman, having a small vessel of 40 tons laden with wine, was taken off the coast of Normandy by one Captain Ohatori, and Thomas Parson, of Poole- (fa Poidle), who brought the vessel to Poole and sold the wine to- some gentlemen who were in the roads and others of the country. They kept Jehan de Buse and his companions sixteen days, for fear they should imd out where they were; afterwards they took them back to the coast of France. The vessel on which they took them is Breton, armed for war. Immediately after they had landed these poor people, they fell in with a vessel of Saint-YaMry, going to load salt at Brouage, and put the master to torture, to make him find money. I beg you to hear Jehan de Buse, and have such justice done him as you shall see that the ease deserves.—London 18 July 1582.

.

-P.S. (autograph).—I will here say that I am ready myself to send an answer to the king, when the .Queen is pleased to give me one. I have sent M. ds Marcriaumont an extract from the letter wbieh the king wrote me; and he whom I pointed out to you in the garden (?gmdnn) at nunshis [Nonsuch], M. des Ouches is urgent mfch me for his departure, or to buy here such dogs as he may be able to get for money; seeing that those who have been charged bv his Majesty to provide him find it a long business, since everyone hides hia dogs and curses the French, saying that, they come to take away their dogs, and many bad words, which I wish des Oueb.es had not heard. AM,

MM4,

Fr, . ijp4 -[France VH, 183,]

ELIZABETH. A.D.1581 July 18.

169.

HBBLE

to

WALSINGHAH.

Monsieur and the Prince of Orange, with the whole Court, departed from Flushing on Monday about 10 A.M. and lay that night a t ' the Sluse,' and so to Bruges. Our camp is as yet between Dunkirk and Berges St. Vynoek. The horsemen newly come, the reiters, are but 1,500, the foot as many, very ill-furnished and chosen. There are some of the flower of Mr Norris's companies gone to the enemy, in spite of all that Colonel Morgan could do. The Prinee of ^fipinoy and Sainte-Aldegonde are sent for hence. One departed on Monday and the Prince is to follow tomorrow, as it is intended. There are two places granted at Brussels for the exereise of the Catholic religion; that is, the ' Cowberg ' church, and the chapel within the palace. By this means we hope to have the Catholics more ready to obey and to contribute; and to entertain the Malcontents -with the Eeligioua Frede. There are speeches of Bouehain and Carpen, one in West Flanders, the other by Cologne, that they are redueed to our ' obeyssaunce'; but these are mere tales. Letters are come from Geneva, signifying that the ambassadors of the Cantons are with the Duke of Savoy, with resolution to bring thence war or peace, and to charge the duke with breach of league and promise; wherefore they will seek to.be restored to those four bailiwicks, that some years past they delivered up to the Duke of Savoy upon condition that he should not encroach further. The French king has sent to the Cantons the moiety of the money which was due to them, with promise to furnish the rest shortly, and in-the meantime he renews the league between them. He. promises further to aid them against the Duke of Savoy with men and money, and has sent special ambassadors to the dttke to admonish him to give good contentment to the Cantons and to desist from the enterprise of Geneva; otherwise he will declare himself absolutely against the duke in favour of Geneva and the - Cantons. These letters from Geneva I have aeea, and know to come 'from good place' and written by the consent of the magistrates there.—Antwerp, 18 Jnly 1582.

18.

Add,

EncU.

If.

{Halland M. XVI. 70.}'

170.

The PBOTOB OF CHEHAT to

Having heard of the authority and credit which you have -with her Majesty, I would not fail to send the present, to introduce myself ho your good grace, and at the same time to beg you to have me always recommended to her, wherein jou will do me a gsreafc pleasure, which I shall not fail to recognise on all ocmmms whm it may be your pleasure to employ me.—Jssdan [?#' o6a&aj» 18 July 1582. (Signed) Charles de Croy. Add. Endd. Fr, i # . [IMA. XVI. 71-3

166

.FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

July 18.

l7l.

CUSTODIO LEITAM

to WALSINGHAM.

I should have started but for the letter .which I am expecting from her Majesty in answer to that which I brought her from the Mng my master, without which I cannot write to him. Kindly do me the favour of sending itfcome by Captain Prim. Her Majesty promised to write when I took leave of her. She also gave me permission for the ships that wish to go and serve my master, which will be given to him secretly; but it is long since the ship presented itself (?), as the aforesaid captain will tell you. Please give him a permission in such form as may seem to you good, for him to keep secret according to her Majesty's will; which is the sole object of this. I am very sorry not to have had the pleasure of saying farewell to you.—London, 18 July 1582. Add. Endd. Fr. July 18.

1 p.

[France VIL 134.]

172. A. calculation in Burghley's hand of some part of the Duke of Anjou's revenues—' the Convoy of the town of Bordeaux for three years,' ' the third of the impositions on linen and canvas for three years,' 'the arresting [sic] of the waste lands of his apanage,' &c. Endd.: 18 July, 1582. At Nonsuch. The note of money growing to M. d'Anjou in France. 1J pp. [Ibid. VII. 135.]

July 20.

173.

COEHAM

to "WALSINGHAJU:.

I have now had access to the king and informed him of the detaining of Mr Osborne's and Staper's ship at Malta. I enlarged on it to him as amply as I had received instructions by William Shute, delivering withal the Queen's letter to him, requesting he would take Shute into his protection, who was the party to be sent to Malta for the delivering of the ship; otherwise it would be to small purpose if the bearer of his despatch would not go and return safely. The Mng promised to consider of the matter and to deal on behalf of her Majesty's subjects ao far as he could. He directed me to give the memorials touching the arrest of the ship and men to Secretary Yilleroy, with whom I spoke in the cause. I found from the Secretary the king had been advised of it before. _ I left Shute with one of my servants to ' follow' and obtain the king s favourable letters and means in that behalf. _ And because, after my former audience I received from the king m answer to my complaint against "Armeville" only his letter to the vice-admiral of Normandy to such effect aa will appear by the copy 1 enclose, I thought well again this last conference to move him that Axmeville might be sent for to the Court, whereby the truth of his puraey might the better appear, as likewise that he might be constrained to make restitution of the ships and goods taken from her Majesty s subjects, and be bound to put in securities for his well carrying himself hereafter to Englishmen

ELIZABETH.

•

A.D. 1582. The king found this demand reasonable; and thereon, at my departure out of the cabinet, I saw him call for M. Joyeuse. So that by the time I was a while retired into the ordinary chamber appointed for the ambassadors, M. Pinart came to me from the lung, declaring that his Majesty had referred all seafaring causes and depredations to M. de Joyeuse, his admiral; who, M. Pinart . said, was desirous to confer with me to be informed of the complaints against ' d'Armeville. I offered myself willing to perform therein the Duke Joyeuse's will in such sort as he might think good. Therewith Si. Pinart departed, sending to me after a while a gentleman by whom I was conducted to M. Chiveray'g chamber, whither there came presently M. Joyeuse, accompanied only by Secretary Pinart. I declared to the duke what Pinart had said to me concerning the king's pleasure that I should inform him of d'Armeville's depredations committed on her .Majesty's subjects, which I particularly and briefly enlarged to him; beseeching him that since it has pleased Gktd and the king to place him in that estate of the admiralship of France, he would have in recommendation the just dealing with my sovereign's subjects. He answered that because it had been, the king's will to do him the honour to put him in trust ' with' £he affairs of the Admiralty, he meant, for the discharge of his duty, to take care all things should pass well for the conservation of the amity "which is between his master and my sovereign. He requested^ me to deliver him the memorials! "of d'Armeville's disorderly dealing, and promised that all expedition should be used for the redressing of the piracy. He assured me also he would permit none hereafter to trade the sea with shipping, but that they were first to put in good assurance for their good behaviour towards the king's subjects asd his confederates. He prayed me that upon any disorder done from henceforth to her Majesty's subjects on the seas, I would address my complaints to him, as he in like sort meant to signify to me when any information were exhibited of anything committed amiss on the sea to the French by her Majesty's vassals. Of this I have thought well to advertise you at large, that she may understand the king has referred all his 'admiral' causes to the confidence of Duke Joyeuse. I send herewith the eopv of the duke's answer to mine, in which 1 sent him the memorial of the depredations.—Paris, 20 July 1582, Add. July 20,

Endd. 9|jg>.

[Fmnm VII. 186.]

1 7 4 . P. DBS OUCHES to Excuse me for my boldness in writing to you j it is beoawe wtt kindly sent me yesterday two 'pairs' of tetters, om to W g to M. de Lanssac and the other to M. Oakoy W. I ^*?J*K™ hand them to them. Please do not take it tmm returned the passport which you sent ^ * » brought me the letters and i i The reason is *» or tfciee horses, one for < h Singe' fry. ^ ^ f ^ bought for the king, mi another for myself. Them is no

•IBS

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FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

,

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of horses in the passport. Please put in it also that no wrong is to be done me by rummaging [fouler'] me for the two or three crowns which I carry for/ my expenses, or for my belongings [attivailj which are not very small, thanks to God, the Queen, and you. I promise you shall be thanked for it on the king's partfor the kindness and the honour and the good welcome you have given me. I have also been so bold as to beg you to grant something to this bearer, who goes with this lackey to seek my passport. He asks for a letter from the Queen empowering him to approach the coasts [ienir la mestrige de jouster hs cots;]. He is taking the letter all ready; you will see it, if you please, and if it is a thing easy for you to do, I commend it to you as though it were for myself, because he ia my host, who has treated me well and shown me favour in this town. I will say no more, save that I pray God to give you health for a hundred years, and a hundred thousand crowns every year. —•London, 20 July. Add. Endd. Fi\ 1 p. July 20.

[France VIZ. 137'.]

175. EOGBE WILLIAMS to WALSINGHAM. I understand by a soldier of mine that you have received no letters from me these three months. I assure you this is the seventh letter I have written to you in that space. Had I anything worthy to trouble you, I would every post. I understand you wish to understand the order of our camp. Thus it stands until the Prince Dauphin comes; these are the chiefs' names: . CountRoehepot, general of all; M. de VilHers, marshal; la Pierre, one of the four marshals—we call them in English the four corporals—of the field; he is it alone. Mr Morgan, colonel-general of the English infantry. Colonels of the infantry English, Mr North, Morgan, Cotton; strong at this hour,near 3,000. Colonels' of the Seots infantry, Stewart, Preston, Tryell [TraiU]; strong at this hour, near 2,000. In camp there are. of the 800 colonels of the French, Villeneuye, Dalyne (?) that was la Garde's lieutenant ' Seye chevaT [Saisseval], 'Fackeral' [Funeral], the last to come with the last Freneh succours; strong altogether, 3,000/ There are four companies of his Highness's guard; they may go in the 3,000. "Walloons and Flemings of the regiments of 'Tiger ' [qy. Tiward], Aymon' [qy, Egmoat] and Loker L[qy. Lakerenl, 8 companies, strong 700. (

Cavaky,—Count Mansield, 5 [qy. 15] cornets, 1,500 Miters? ^ ? C ^ S , 3 c o r n e t s > Btwrcg 2,200; 2' cornets of carbines, strong 200. TO the lances, 6 comets came with the reiters and the two

ELIZABETH. regiments. This is all our force at present. I would trouble you with news of our succour a, but that I am sure Herle, Danett, and Doyley do it in far better order than I can. I hear the King of Spain has sent one { Sanekes' [qy. Sanchez], one of good judgement, to proffer the Count and the State of Ernden the government of all that he has in Friesland and those parts. If it be so, he would fain ' layge' his ' arniatho' in those quarters. He ' arms to sea' very strong, assure your self, not for King Antonio, for he has no fear of him. It is either for Flanders or. Scotland or Ireland. In Flanders they have no port. The broils of Ireland and Scotland you know best. I could write a number of speeches from some of good judgement. For ' Strosso' and his troops, they are not for Don Antonio, hut for a show. The Prince of Parma is gone to Namur, 'afore' his own succours. The body of his army lies at Oudenarde. He dares not besiege any place for fear of our forces; but you may be sure by his succours he means to be master of the field. At the Diet you will see great change in the Emperor about Muntier's' entry into these parts. The Duke of Saxony is arrived there already, with 2,000 brave reiters. There are four of them joined together for something; it is thought to 'conteray' the House of Austria. The town where the Diet is kept has levied and taken into it a regiment of 12 companies. 1

The Bishop of Colen made a great banquet to a nmnber of rittmeistera (?) in the Prince of Parma's behalf .—Bruges, 20 July, I eaine here to speak with the Prince, thinking to depart presently. His Highness commanded me to stay this day, saying ' To-morrow thou shalt carry good news to the camp.' I pray God it may be loaves, else I do assure you they will not come from France so fast hither as we shall run away. You would not believe the poverty we are in.—Tours, Eo. Williams. P S.—l told him plainly as the States give me commission for 100 lances within 15 days, he should find me the lances. Add, Endtl. July.

4 pp.

tHoll and FL XYL 72.]

1 7 6 . "The names of the principal officers in Monsieur's camp, and the present state of his forces." Apparently taken frotn the last Utter, in WaMw&am'* <>$M* Qll• Davison'skand. Mdd. lp. {Ibid. XVI. 72a.j

July 20.

177. ETIBSKJE LESEEUR to I have received your letter, and £30 torn Mr rate of 30 M&nxsh sols to fte pound, I am fM; out for Bruges, to carry M. de ' Maiv^maw1*1 Highness. As soon as I receive her MfpBp« f ^ j T j i Cleves'e letter which vou mention ** aliont to te nut *o

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A.D.1582.

shall have to use all necessary diligence. You comfort me greatly by letting me know that her Majesty is satisfied and designs to take in good part my humble labour in her service, which I shall hold myself very happy to be able to employ whenever it shall please her to employ me, were, it at the risk of nay life, worse than the journey I have now to make, I am sure that her opinion only proceeds from your favour towards me, which I never merited. On my return to Gleves, I think I shall see the Count of Moers whom I mentioned in my former letter. If you wish me to say anything to him from you, I should be glad to know.—Antwerp, ' 20 July 1582. P-8.-^-1 could wish that you would write to Mr Longston, if I want any more money: to furnish me with it. I have already disbursed some of my own, and this will not suffice, seeing the, occasions I shall have for great expenses. I will give you a good account of them. Add. Endd. July 21.

Fr.

1 p.

[Holl. and Fl. XT. 73.]

178. NEWS FROM CONSTANTINOPLE. I gave you an account of what happened in the square of the Hippodrome up to Saturday, the 9th rdt. Now I will continue until today.

On Sunday, the 10th, the Venetian ambassador and Bailo went to toe Pashas, who were in their box (palco) at the Hippodrome, and having paid them the due attentions and had some agreeable conversation, we went to our own box, whither was brought the ordinary meal, fowls, mutton, lamb, roast and boiled, rice dressed in various ways, some kinds of pastry with honey, and other condiments after their manner, and sherbet to drink*. This went , on till the 10th of this month, when the public feeding ceased. We saw many races of Barbs, much music after their manner, which to us is very ungraceful. One man who had climbed a high mast, in coming down fell when half way, and injured himself all over. JJ ood as above was given to the people, and at the end was a hunt ol boars, wolves, hares and foxes, which was most entertaining. At night were bonfires, and three great castles were burnt, with otner fireworks. thO^ M o n d a y morning (feme mattma) the 11th, food was given in the public square exactly as above, to all the spahis with their chiefs to the number of 4,000, to whom the same kinds of viands were deseribed

SSSLS

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elsewhere, under the teuts above-

mentioned, and dispatched by them in the same manner. After n^dday appeared in the field 100 horsemen, part clad in hairT W ™ , P a ? Tth I l V e r i e s ' a n d P a r t « ti» Eumelian style. These course* after one another in tin's way, A very long mast

l & P K * 1 * ? at t h e tc* of * ™* Panted in thTZddleoi the

Hippodrome, and on one side and the other in a straight line w e evef £? ftl £ ™ twuofaers {or clouts) with a little blank (bullseye) in fhe nnadle, on rods six qnm-te (?) high kom the ground,

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and over against them was extended on the ground a log 61 wood representing a man. These marks were laid in order a good handcast apart. The horseman rode straight for them, and at the beginning of the course drew his sword, aimed a blow at the log, at once replaced his sword, shot an arrow at the ball on the mast, and at once taking another from his quiver shot it at the other mark, almost as the course was ending. This was done by all, always in one course. Then they ran with their arrows only, shooting the first at the first mark, and taking another smartly shot at the mast, and then did the same at the last mark, always at full speed, and returned to do the same feats with the left hand. Then some ran with shields, shooting the arrow with the right hand and holding the shield in the left, and then put the shield in the right and shot with the left, doing all this at unbroken speed. Others, with sword and arrow, shifting the sword to the right hand and the left, did marvellous things. Others after shooting their arrows, drew their swords, and rising from their horses touched the ground with one foot, struck a blow and remounted instantly with much dexterity, aimed a second arrow at the mark at the end of their course, doing it to right and left alike; and certainly very few shots went astray, some having in one course hit all the marks except the ball, but many were Very good were those shots when riding one after another they turned, looking backwards^ and shot the arrow behind them, hitting the mark to the great marvel of everyone. Then they went two on one horse, and in mid-career dismounted, one on one side, the other on the other, holding the pommel with their hand, and with one foot on the ground and the other in the stirrup, they remounted with such agility and precision that they seemed like one man. Two others in several courses did wonderful things. They threw darts standing upright on the saddle, and then with their head on the saddle and their feet in the air. Then they turned somersaults from the cronp to the saddle and back. The courses were ah1 at full speed; and those_ who bore themselves thus honourably had many presents from hie Majesty, who was all the time intent upon all these things. Pood was_ as usual given to the people, a great quantity o£ boxestfeabimtth)of nee, with a loaf on the top, being placed on the ground; and aftsrwatdfl mats, the whole length of the square, with beef in portions on i-neui, and at the sound of trumpets and drums all the people fell tiposx the spoil {si dam dV arm' et alUraphia) and in a moment cleared everything off. This continued to be done from the beginning of these festivities to the end in this manner. At night the same fireworks as above went on till the 5th hour of the night, hifl Majesty always being present, and the square and boxes always lull of people. On the 12th, Tuesday, She same horsemen appeared in the afternoon, and being divided into two cornets, one with a red, one mfea a yellow banner, on the same ground perfe-med many fflfc caracoles (cwaguoty and other feats of homittansMp* They arranged themselves the whole length of tiu field in long Me» m either side, and setting spurs to their hotm passed u» the same order in line one side through the other without faatasc* holing

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A.D. 1582.

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- wands on high, as though to strike. After spending much time on these feats, they fell to shooting with the bow, and doing the same things as the day before. The usual meal was given in the evening, and at night, models having been made of the seven towers that are at the western end of the city, they eet them on fire one after another, with such a quantity of fireworks that the air seemed to bum on all sides. This was the festival of the Aga of the Janissaries. The 13th and 14th nothing appeared in the square, so I will only say that on the latter day the meal was given in the morning under tents, in the same order as above, to all the bombardiers, gunners {topigki), and others of the army to the number of 3,000 persons with the same number of viands, and in the evening the ordinary meal was given to the people; but at night were many fireworks, among which a ' mountain ' was burnt, which the High Admiral {eafitaivio del mare)'had had made by the slaves. This was as high as a pike and more, and was brought uncovered into a comer of the square, and there covered up, and by degrees furnished with all the fireworks that went with it, which were in very great quantity; but - they had not much success, compared with what was expected of them, because having been drawn into the middle of the square by slaves, who made believe it was drawn by two serpents, fire was put to it at the second hour of the night which set it all alight at onee, and, all thefireworkswent off so furiously with no interval that they filled the square and the whole air with fire and it burnt up at once. Borne of the other castles were burnt, which succeeded better; and some models of men on horseback, but full of fireworks, were thrust m among the people, and the rockets and other fireworks with which they were fitted took their way through them. Then a great tent was seen to appear in the middle of. the square, all made of fire joined together in such wise that the shape was perfectly kept. Ibis gave much pleasure to the eye, and after lasting a quarter of an hour, suddenly all went out. On Saturday the 16th dinner was given in the square under the same tents, which were pitched both mornings (?) and then struck by toe bigmor's Christian slaves, to the High Admiral, . . . . to those receiving pay a t s e a and all their people, which was very fine to see, tor the order which was kept in dispensing the viands, which was as above, and for the number of the guests, whieh exceeded 5,000. A great deal erf food wfts given them, nor was there anything left ovei. After dinner till evening nothing was seen except many people playing practical jokes and other.mountebank's mummeries. Sunday the 17th passed without anything worth writing. The usual mmeals were p e n to thee people and the usual fireworks at ver pretty tt effect fft off two t ll s H ££ \\ « moo nn gg T™h was Been a very galleys as. long as a gondola whxeh fought together with fireworks for more than an hour so artfully that it gave the people the greatest pleasure because having gradually approached each other one was seen to overcome the other in such wise that it was all burnt, K& X 1 , f ^ M e ^ e a t re3<^i*g with fireworks. This took place under the Sigmor's balcony {§oggn\ who was present

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every night at these fireworks, not missing any, which he found to give him very great pleasure. On the 18, after dinner had been given under the tents to 4,000 persons, there appeared in the field 50 of the Beglerbeg of Greece's men^on horseback, part armed and part not; who after tilting at the ring, which was ' planted' on a road, six quarte (?) high,fromthe ground, tilted one at another in the open field with buttons (grcqypette) on their lances and heavy targets made in alia (?) after their fashion, under which they covered the whole body (vita) and received the lance-thrusts on them. They tilted thus to the number of 30, all without helmet and some bareheaded, one by one; but one saw no knightly stroke, .and having ridden five ' hands,' in the last the horses met-shoulder to shoulder, in such wise that they all fell down, and one remained htirt. After that the others"struck no blow worth considering, for they hardly touched each other. At the end of these courses the usual meal was given, and the Signior standing in his balcony threw down money, when an infinite number of people erowded together. He threw silver cups to the number of BO, and as mueh as 4,000 ducats in aspri, and saini [ 0 . saie, serges] at 7J each. His mother and his wife did the same in the other balcony, and there was great applause from the people.

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The remaining days till July 7, since nothing happened at all equal to the preceding, I must pass over briefly, except what was done by the Turk of whom I wrote in my last, who gave an exhibition of licking redhot iron. He being stripped and stretched naked on the ground, belly upwards, a great stone was brought by eight men with handspikes and placed on his belly, which he bore while three or four men went over it from one side to the other. It is judged that he had something between his legs which supported it, and that it was seen while the men were going over it to sway to the side where they got on and off. But all the same, it was placed and taken away so quickly that no one could affirm he saw anything. There was placed on his belly a great roek and-broken-to. pieces with axes fry two Turks. Besides this, on all these days' and likewise the preceding, there appeared in the Hippodrome all the trades (arti) of this city of Constantinople and Pera, dressed with the utmost pomp in gold and silver; especially the goldsmiths, the jewellers, the dealers in amber (beresteno) and other like artists were adorned with much, gold and jewels, and especially the boys; because each of these trades had from 500 to 1,500. or 2,000 boys, all very finely elad and adorned with pearls and jewels, exactly as ours are seen on Corpus Domini Pay. In those in which Greeks take part, as the goldsmiths, the tailors, the wine-sellers, the tavern-keepers, the crafts (maestowttte) of the builders and carpenters, fishermen and the like,*to the number of 8, 4, or %• thousand men to a trade, they were clad m tanies of russet, with caps, etc., in the Bumeitan style, mtli harquebuss and scimitar; whence they were greeted by the Janissaries as people specially dear to tlieffi, saying may were of their blood. These trades . . . . carrying two or three platforms tfsol&ri) for each, on . which their trade was me& on, trent round the'square, then halted in front of the Bigmor e palace—who

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A.D. 1582.

was always present on his balcony to see them, and sang .his praises. Then they offered him the most beautiful and moat carefully-wrought thing that came from their hands, each trade its own work, to whom 2,000 and 3,000 aspri were then sent by the Signior as a present. The balcony of which I speak is covered above with lead, in a half-pyramid, and has glass windows in - front and at tiie sides (bande), so that his Majesty cannot be much seen when sitting down. It projects so much that - four persons can . stand in it comfortably. Among those above. mentioned appeared in the first days the people of Pera, more gorgeously elad than any others, because there -were on the ground all the nobles and moat principal men of Pera, who vied with, each other in contriving to go elad in gold and adorned with jewels all they could, to the number of 200. These, wishing to enact a newly-married bride at the Hippodrome, selected IS of the most beautiful youths in Pera, one of whom, gorgeously elad as a bride, was seated under a canopy, borne by four of these nobles in front, after whom were the other 12 in women's dress, and taken for such by' all the people. Each of these had a partner beside him, and coming before the Signior they danced beautifully in the Greek manner, which greatly pleased his Majesty and the people. Tltere were with them 200 Greeks, clad in short russet coats, who danced finely before his Majesty, very orderly, and did some Labours of Hercules very prettily. The other trades followed, till the evening, when the Signior threw coins in great plenty, a large crowd having gathered under the balcony. He threw also Bilver cups, and sultanini, to the amount, it is said, of 5,000 ducats. There appeared also these days, in. scattered groups, many who became Turks. These are they who have been taken year after year by this Signior, and kept till now for show, and many others, stragglers, or vagabonds, and broken men (malandati), who know not to whom to attach themselves. They were all clad in white homespun (grid) in Hungarian style, but they are people from Bosnia, Albania, and Bumelia. These after being circumcised within the Signior's palace, and many others_ in the public Hippodrome before the king [sic], were sent with, a catpegM, that is, porter, to have their clothes and their zatuea [?] give& them. They were to the number of about 10,000 that I saw, and they were presented in this manner. They came in a crowd, like sheep, before the palace, always holding up the forefinger, and stood still until a ca^eghi of the Signior's came to take them away and bring them to be circumcised, as I said above. In these days there presented themselves likewise those who wished to give vocea or petitions to his Majesty, for the great commodity they had to give, them, and for the certainty they had that they would be read, Where!oreJ presenting themselves before the palace, and holding a rocca in their hand, came a porter (capeghi), who wok it and carried it to the Signior, who read it at once, and sent it by the same capeghi to the Pasha, that it might be carried out; and of these the number increased daily. The 'Mag1*' (?) Pashas and other lords have presented to his Majesty, besides other secret things of great importance, very beautiful horses, guided by : hand to the Hippodrome in the sight of everyone. The relict of Gio. Mieher has regularly sent in, every other day, 25 and 80 men each

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175

1582. bearing a chest of sweetmeats, condiments, fruits and other delicacies to eat. On Saturday the 7th there were few fine doings in the Hippodrome, as festivities were going on within, the son [sic] as I had it on a trustworthy report, having to be eireumcised. Mehemet Pasha, formerly Beglerbeg of Greece, was summoned; who being a favourite with the prince, came to him and brought; him into a chamber, entertaining him with pleasant words. Then he asked his leave to perform a duty necessary for the performance of the laws, and for the satisfaction of their Majesties Ms parents; and making him say the Alia Mia la, uncovered him before, and it is said with a knife that he had ready for the purpose dexterously and promptly circumcised him, three persons only being present to testify to the circumcision. He shed a few tears, though they say it was without pain; but he was plaeed on a superb bed under the care of his confidential people, and the Pasha went to kiss the Signior's hand, and give Mm the good news of the success. The Signior immediately gave him '20,000 sequins, his own robe which he was then wearing, and 20 other robes, very superb., The Pasha then sent the bloody knife to the, Sultana Mother on a golden cup, who sent him back the cap with 10,000 sequins. In like manner the Sultana Consort presented him with 4,000 sequins and 10 most honourable robes, and the sultanas [sic] of the mag , . . isir . . . likewise presented him with money and jewels; and this evening the Signior has thrown to the people 4 loads of aspri and many silver cups. The four waxlights which I mentioned in my former letter were lighted and burnt all night, and fireworks without end were let off, with a great uproar of drums, trumpets, and similar instruments, and this lasted all aight. Sunday morning, the 8th, was spent by many performing various buffooneries; but after dinner appeared horsemen to the number of 40. who having first ridden with bows, and tried to hit the balloon the mast, fell to tilting one against another in the open field just as I have described above, with the targets covering their whole body as they ran, and on them they caught the lance-strokes. Brat when ten of "them had run,-the two following met with sueh force that they broke their lanees, and the horses dashing head to head fell d«ad and one of the riders was grievously injured, the other saving himself very smartly. With this the festival ended, but at night the waxlights were lighted in the same way, and iihere were fireworks without end, and very delightfuL On Monday the 9th, after dinner, appeared in the square the king's falconer, son to that Mehemet Pasha, and many lords of importance, who skirmished together, throwing darts at eaeh other, coining out by one, two, three, four in turn. These appeared with very fine horses very well trained, and they changed pirn, every other course; all showing themselves nimble and ready in throwing their darta U.A avoiding the enemy's, BO that they were aecotmted brave cavaliers- This they did in the presence of both ttie tong and the Sultana. The Sultana Mother's pet eon (? fimo « «*pm tilted, much loved and favoured by her. AM night Wej agam hi

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FOREIGN PAPERS. : .. . , up the waxlights, and let off other fireworks, with burning animals, eastles, and things of various sorts, his Majesty delighting greatly therein. And seeing that on this day the 40 days appointed for the festival were completed, the Signior for certain reasons, and also to ' quiet the Janissaries who have risen, demanding as their present for these festivities 1,000 aspri per head or an increase of two aspn per day, has prolonged them for ten days more; but the public meals wont to be ordered, as I have said above, ceased today, and the princes' ambassadors ceased to go to the festivities. In these days, certain troublesome news, displeasing to those here, having eome from Persia, they kept the Persian ambassador and his suite under restraint, and to express contempt destroyed his box at the Hippodrome, erected exactly opposite the royal palace, and they are still keeping him in restraint, their design not • succeeding. On Tuesday the 10th nothing was seen but 80 horses excellently " trained, who skirmished from midday till evening, throwing darts in the Moorish fashion, like those yesterday, but with more show • . to strike; those yesterday having cheeked themselves, for the quality of the persona they were meeting. At night there were the usual fireworks in the presence of the Signior, hia mother, wife, • and son, and the sultanas.

A.D. 1582.

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Wednesday there passed all round the; Hippodrome near 1,000 persons, with cymbals, lutes, flutes, and other instruments. After their manner they made a very great uproar, braying, for so I may certainly say, rather than singing, with the greatest dissonance; and after going round the Hippodrome two and two, they departed, Next came the Signior's wrestlers, naked, who gave fine exhibitions of dexterity and strength, trying to put each other down on his back, in order to remain victorious. They had a present from the B . . . , of 1,000 asp\ and departed. Then appeared some mounted spahis, to skirmish with darts, who took up. the rest of the time. Eood was given to the people, and at night were the usual fireworks, endless people looking on. Wednesday [sic] the morning passed quietly till 12 o'clock; but after dinner appeared some 100 horses, who ran many courses in different modes, also playing with darts. Then was set up in the middle of the square the fortress of Kars io. Persia, exactly as it . stands, full of fireworks, This having been assaulted by the Turks was finally captured and burnt; but whereas some Persians in effigy were standing in the ramparts to defend it, all fitted with fireworks, feese could not be got to burn, although fire was put to them by the Turks; and as the Turks took this accident for an omen of importance, they called the master, of the work and enquired the cause. The answer was, that they had been soaked by the rain which fell that day, though it was not much, and that the powder / could not take its course. This structure4fattione) was shown by Assa Pasha, son that was [sic] of Mehemet Pasha, high in favour with tins Porte, Afterwards at night the Turk gave a wonderful exhibition on the rope, with which the Signior was • much pleased, - staving till-past midnight, • with very great gusto, md the man for

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ELIZABETH. 1582. ' carrying himself so many' times S6:. well, had a present of many aspri from his Majesty, and robes from the Pashas. On the following day, the 18th, nothing happened, save that from the 20th hour onwards the same horsemen appeared, to skirmish . and strike each with their darts till evening, when the usual fireworks, went on- for & or 6 hours, * On Wednesday the 19fh there was not much to be seen in the Hippodrome, but at the 23rd, hour a n incident occurred, of. much importance. The Subassi of Constantinople passing along the road saw a Greek tavern keeper with some spahis; and on their wishing to have him beaten, a, spahi, one of the 500 recently come from ' the serraglio, prayed the Subassi not to allow this. He, not earing anything for the spahi, ordered the Janissaries of his gaard to beat him too, which was immediately done, and the spahi, being struck . on the head, was killed. Then the Siibassi retired, and the Janissaries, owing to the crowd that assembled, took to flight. But being pursued by the other spahis and many people," they were taken and bound, and brought by the spahis, with the dead body into the Hippodrome before the king. But no sooner were they come -than the Janissaries rose against them, and the spahis on the other side being reinforced, they came ta fighting. "Wherefore the Grand . Yizier and" the other Pashas,, with the Beglerbeg of Grreeee, came down from their boxes, and went among them, shouting and doing all that was possible to allay the uproar. And seeing that those of the seaffip (?), who- are the youths that wait on the king's person, were gone down to the aid of the spahis, the Pasha hastening to the gate, persuaded them to- go up again, saying, that the tumult had by now ceased; and had the door locked. Then the Yizier, seeing that the new Aga of the Janissaries was in a manner encouraging (fomentava) the Janissaries on this occasion, giving cause for disorder rather than otherwise, said very . . . words to him, and that he was ill performing hie duty; and returning to the men, he managed to separate them, albeit 15 were left dead, for the most part spahis, and many wounded; and if these personages had not intervened, the greatest slaughter (tagliaia) between the Janissaries and spaim that waff ever heard of would certainly have followed, and some troublesome result that • would never have been forgotten. But night, and the courage of the Pashas extinguished all tMs fire, and the subasri was imprisoned, and they say h e will eome, off badly. On the 20th, by his Majesty's order, the Aga of the Janissaries was dismissed, and his place given to the Emir Aleaa, who is iihe one t h a t earries t h e royal standard, and gives his standard to every Pasha, sandjak, anS other official oi the Empire •whgn appointed. He immediately used words of authority, yet w r y friendly, to all the Janissaries i a the public Hippodrome; always calling them b r o t h e r , which won them aH to him. His place has been, takea by Malunoaa Aga, pet (?) son to the Sultana Mother, and beloved by her. At night, there were plenty of fireworks, and finally a scuffle to carry off the planking and supports-. All yesterday mi "today, they have been working furiously to take the Signior's things to his new serraglm these unsurpassable festivities being completed, wMeh to jpeople who 16077

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have always been shut up and have never seen a mummery of mountebanks have appeared mosfr superb. Tomorrow his Majesty, by what they say, -will move from the Hippodrome to the new serraglio, but early, so as not to make a state-entry. Hia family has been sent there.—Le Yigne di Pera, 21 July 1582. Endd. Ital. 6% pp. Somewhat damaged, [Turkey I. 5.]

'

July 22.

FOREIGN PAPERS.

*

179.

COBHAM

*

to [WAIISESGHAK] .

Upon. occasion of the conference I had with M. Pinart about d'Armeville, amongst other speeches he delivered to me how the king had written to M. Mauvissiere touching the defraying of the Duke of Brabant's charges in the wars of Flanders to such effect as would content the Queen and Monsieur. He added that she ' was to' find the king would perform as much as he had informed her, as she may perceive "by what had been begun for Don Antonioj so likewise the rest was to follow'; knitting up his speeches with this, how the further assurance of all matters must begin by the concluding of the league offensive and defensive in case of the consequence of the" marriage, which had been deliberated on heretofore. I have some 'inkline' the king geeks profit in these affairs, if he niight get it out of these Low Countries, or the enlarging of Ms estate. He has this- year aided his brother with 300,000 crowns. The king and Queen Mother 'have no opinion' that Monsieur is going to send the Duke of Bouillon to the Imperial Diet, for the duke will repair to these parts, and to this Court. M. de Se"gur, Bent to the king from • the King of Navarre, has ' propounded' to his Majesty ' to part from his government for the consideration of 100,000 crowns' and to sell him the county of Eodea and the 'Isle of Jourdan,' so that he will permit him to make war on the Spanish king in Navarre. The king answered that he liked well to buy the aforesaid county and isle of the King of Navarre, but he could not consent to have any war made against the Spanish king. T.he king seeks to see the King of Navarre; whereon the King of Navarre has accorded, as I understand from those who appertain to him, to meet the king at Champigny, the Duke of Montpensier's house.

. .-

Those at Court conceive .that the king .seeks the .Princess of Bearnfor the Duke 'Pernon,' whereon they have cast abroad the enclosed verses. • • • }• It is mistrusted by the wisest, that if the King of Navarre do not ' the sooner' provide marriage for his sister, he will ' incur into' some danger; wherefore if she were, bestowed on the Prince of Conde, it might be a great comfort to them of the Eeligion, and a •surety, to both their persons, and the House ofi Bourbon's issue ,restored. Advices are come from. Italy that they laid wagers in Borne that on June 20 his Majesty would 'pass great peril,' as likewise that the Duke of Brabant would be slain on the 29th. Gfod be their protector. -

ELIZABETH.

179

A.D. 1582.

,

;• .

An Italian came to me the other day professing to be of Alessandria,, and to have preached the Eeligion in Faenza in M, di Torretto's house in. 'Provynce' [sic] ; but by his manner he appeared to be of another sect. He sought earnestly to have a passport, or means to pass into England, which I have deferred to . grant; but if he return, if yon command, I will send him to you. Advertisements are come from Germany that about June 29 the Emperor entered 'Augusta,' where the Electors of Saxony and •Mentz had already arrived, and the Elector of Brandenburg so'on . . . the administrator of Magdeburg with other princes, and the Pope'a legate, Cardinal Madtuzzi. Please let Panlo my Italian return with the first.—Paris, 22 July 1582, P.8.—N.. de G-ourdon's only nephew and heir is slain in fight within these three days in the Pie" aus Glares, which will much grieve him.

: : July 22. .

• AM. and Endt, gone., 4 jjp." [France VII. 188.] 180. ' THOMAS DOYDEY to WALSDTGHAM.

".

Yours of the 14th I received on the 18th, and have addressed your other letters to our camp, which is between Dunkirk and Berghe St. Winoq. . Concerning your ' requests,' whether Monsieur shall be able to keep the field against the enemy, and whether he goes to Flanders • to take possession of it, the second I have in part, satisfied by my last letter, advertising you of his going to Bruges hy Flushing; not, as I hear, to take possession of it, being given him already by the 'quater' Members, but removed aa to a more commodious place for the address of his affairs. The first I am not so well able to answer, being now from the Court and camp, and am loth to set down a conjecture devised by myself. Yet you may come near to the truth by knowledge of both their forces. The enemy has good 5,000 horse and 13,000 infantry with the last Burgnadion supply. Our camp I will particularise. Those whose names follow had each a cornet of horse, the camp being before Ghent. M. de Villiers, de Teligny, de Eansarde, de Bocourt,- d'AUeza, de Ixeinee (?}, all French. M. de Norreys [sic], de Morgan, de Williams, d'York, all English. M. Seaton, de Braver, both Scots. M. d'Antoyne the More [sic] and d'Esperanee, an Italian. Also M.-de Eyhove, grand haylieu of Ghent, de Granville, de Swiek, de Landa, de Qolbe, de Waterfly te and Vander Gtrith, Flemings, Walloons and Brabantes. Also M. de Bolaneie, de Tiwarde,, de Laeroy, capitaines des eompagnies d'Ordonnance du Prince d'Epinoy. There are 24 comets, which are by estimation not 2,000 strong; besides &e 1,500 mters and 7,000 [sic] French lancers Joined by our camp by DaaMrk; m that I guess OUT cavahy to be ' 4,000 scarce.5 Our infantry in the regiments of the English colonels 2,500 strong, besides thoee that are in garrison. Vilkmeuve has a regiment of 12 companies, by estimation almost 1,000 good; la Garde a 3sgiment of 10

ISO

FOREIGN PAPEES.

A.D.1582.

companies, 800 strong; Stewart a regiment of _ 10, 800 strong. Prestos, has there but 4 of Ms companies, 300 strong. M. de Thiant has there 4 companies of Walloons, 300 good, besides 4 French, captains of Son Alteze BOO strong and the. 2,000 French foot joined to oui< camp by Dunkirk So the whole infantry is 8,400. Coneeniiiig the supplies which are looked for on both sides, I hear greater certainty and greater number to come from France than from Italy. As for those that ar&. levied in Bohemia and those quarters, I hear they are for some services against the Tiu?lc; so • that I persuade ' my.' at the coming of Laval, Colombiers, Xjorges and the rest, we shall have a far greater number. But nervitg belli pecunia will mar all. Our English mutiny is appeased. At my. going to Bruges to continue about the Court, wherein I await the general's.pleasure, I hope more particularly to advertise you, since I tod ' them ' to be m. acceptable to you; being desirous to employ; my pen wherein I can to gratify you, stratagem of Ljmburg. of mhieh, 1 wrote by my last is now much diminished hj the 'lame post,' who is commonly most of . credit-—I mean the last news. It was made the m.ost,, to ' eotmterpease * the loss of Oudenarde, which 'hath, neither is likely to cause' any revolt. We are so accustomed to get and lose, although some 'deem' to furnish the ordinary contributions, wilich they never willingly pay. I am also,, on behalf of our general, to request you, either by letters addressed to the burgomasters of Antwerp, Q$ by means of JDr Ymans, to require that such assignation &s they have passed to the general in payment of their partioixlar obligations may take place- and b& effected.; or else to advertise them that order shall be taken in- England according to the tenour ef the obligations, to the BSitisfjing of one Laceeter, who. has taken the obligations into his hands, and for their service disbursed the money to the general. My cousin-, Mr Edward Norris, can more particularly inform you hereof.—Antwerp, 22 July, 1582,

AM. Endd. QppJttly 23',

•

l^oll and FL XVI. 74.}

181. AUDREY BANBTT to WALsiNCtHAM.

Since my last, of the 16fe in&t. his Highness and the Prince of Orange arrived at this town of Bruges, on Tuesday the 17th. They were received by the burgomasters, and the rest of this town, and by those of the' Free,' as they call them, in very good sort. They seem to be very glad of his coming hither, the rather that he has not been at Grhent, whieh they interpret here for a token of better goodwill to them thaat to those of Ghent. They, OB the other side, utter some soft • speeches, that seeing their town is the first-of the 4 Members, they shoixld have wished that Monsieur had eome first to them. Letters have been written to them from MB Highness k> exeuse the ntatter, and soBie promise made to- see them shortly; bat it is talked among common persons of Monsieur's, train that lie minds not to come &&K6, both- for that they me a people wag petit trap- tmat & la main,

. j!

ELIZABETH.

\

A,D. 1582.

. .

and that -it is thought his mass will hardly be welcome amongst them. It would appear they would be glad to -see him there, and therefore it may be they will receive him with all conditions, notwithstanding his mass, which in that place is very odious. This day begins the assembly of the States of the whole • provinces, in this town, to take order for the employment of the army, and to advise where it shall to presently employed. The Prince himself w,as on Saturday the 21st in the Town House among those of the Council of the town, and used some persuasion to them to provide money for the payment of the camp; but that argument was nothing pleasant, and the 3?rince, who Knows that these people, must be gained by persuasion and not by force; knows not, as I have heard say, how to behave himself to win _ them. The camp, on the -oilier side, are daily ready to Mutiny for want of pay; and truly they have cause to be discontented, for although victual be plenty, yet without money the icommon soldier gets nought. Ifc cannot be but these people are better able to furnish their wars than they do, considering the great imposts which daily are levied in all places; but the most p&rfc seek their own ' particular,' and neglect the common business, which in time it is thought will be their overthrow. It is said that • hitherto Ms Highness by the help of his friends, and money taken up on his own crMit, has defrayed his own charges aaad been very little relieved by this country; and now when he has assembled great forces to their succour, and men should be eneom'Sged by a pay to do some service, these jieople draw bad:, as though all lie burden should be on his shoulders. The duke himself bears all with patience, but his people have much ado to forbear to speak at the least. If this assembly of the provinces do not accord some good order, and that shortly, to content the army, things will go but badly forward for this year's service. There are already arrived good forces out of JVan-ce, and ranch more are looked for daily, and are forward on the way to Join the rest. It is said about 8 days hence the whole force may be come, and then it is constantly given out, to satisfy the camp, iibat his Highness means to come .among them to take a general muster., and give order for their service; but always provided that in fhe mean time money !i>e furnished, or otherwise some great disorder will ensue. The enemy is said to be on foot, and already to have passed the water, and to be come into Glanders. It may be he will give the attempt somewhere, and take the advantage before our camp is .thoroughly, provided. &nd truly here in this kind of service the deliberations are very glow, especially in anything that aste money. M. du Plessis is daily looked for here from Antwerp, to take Ms final dispatch to the Duke of Bouilkm, and so to attend on Mm to the Diet in Osrmatty for his ffighness's service.1 It J3 said the King of Spain means to propose there great mate ioxhis interest in these I&w Countries, m& to crave aid of the ja-meos ot the Emjare against his Highness, foi' pretending upon' Ms possession.

182 A.D.

"

FOBEIGN PAPERS.

1582. The Prince of Chimay, son to the Duke of Aerschot, having lately taken upon him the profession of Beligion, is retired to ' Seydan,' and there remains aa yet. On Friday the 20th were apprehended in this town four, or as some say, sis persons ; men haunting the war, aa ' spialls' for the enemy, most of them as I think French or borderers on the French, One of them, the chief, called Salcedo, a 'Lorrainst' bom, but .a Spaniard by his father, who was killed at the instigation' of the late Cardinal of Lorraine at the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, for a Huguenot, being as it is said a Papist, • for a certain piece of ground in Lorraine which the cardinal could by uo nieana get from the Spaniard. The son being left very rich by the death of his father, in short time spent all, and was of late hanged in effigy at Eouen for a coiner of false money, and is reputed to be a man given to all kind of naughtiness, and hereupon absented himself from France; till of late he came to this town, recommended by the Duke of Lorraine to his Highness's service. In the small time of his being here, he practised the conveying away of the "young Count of Egmont to the enemy ; who it would seem inclined thereto,for he is now 'commanded1 prisoner to his own lodging in this town. Salcedo has had the torture, and it is said has confessed some other bad enterprise which I cannot learn as yet. It is thought he has some other bad' partisans in Ms enterprise, who are not yet commonly known.

"

. j .' j ; ] i f > '•. . \ \ ;

Being come thus far in my letter, I received one. from you of the 14th. Touching the number of the forces already arrived, I learn that they may be 2,000 French foot, 1,500 reitere, and about 700 _ French lances and ' argotiletiers.' The forces coming are said to be . 2,000 Swiss, certain pietons under the eonduefc of M. JFerv&cques, M. • Laval, Count Eoehefoucault, and young Colombiers, with M. de Lorge; and great store of horse under the Prince Dauphin. The enemy is said to be much stronger both in the number and goodness. of their horsemen.—Bruges, 23 July 1582.

, \

Add. Endd, Spp< [Roll, and Fl. XVI. 75.] July 23i'

182.

SAINTB-AIDB<3«>NI>E *

• "• • - . . ••'- - • :

. '_. • •

to

"VVALSINGHAM.

•

Yesterday were brought me two letters of yours, addressed to M. de Yilliers, But as I was told that they might, be of importance, and have to do with the state of affairs, I made bold to open them and communicate them to his Excellency. I know this will"be agree- able to M, de Yilliers, who is still at Antwerp, and I,hope it will not be disagreeable to you. Anyhow, his Excellency thanks you very affectionately for the good advertisement you give him and for the disposition which you show to this country herein; wherein we are all mtteh obliged to you. We have already had the same advices from divers quarters, but we cannot as yet get at any knowledge of .thefeets, • As for the governor of the town, we hold it for certain that it is not the Governor of Walcheren, M. de Houtain, but rather the bailiff of Flushing, of ng, who has himself called governor g p » * ttown.. ownB t I hhope tthat, ht G d will ill grant us to arrive i att certain tain But. God knowledge, and will hinder him from effecting his evil desig

i i

j '• ; : < '••

ELIZABETH.

188

A.r.,1582. Our affairs are in their wonted state. Since the loss of Oudenarde our camps have joined, but they do not as yet eome near the enemy's forces, especially in cavalry; also we are low as regards money. Please remember the promise that you gave me several times in England, in regard to offices to be done with her Majesty. You know how the G-uisards are scheming in France, always strengthening themselves. You know the efforts they will mate to dissuade the ting, and alienate him from his brother. Pray consider how important it is if on your side we are not better • waited, in heart and in resources. To the intelligent, vfew words; and then the neighbourhood of Scotland may serve to" spur you—Bruges, 23 July 1582. Add. July 23.

••-

•

Endd. ' FT. 1 p.

[KM. and Fl. XVI. 76.]

1 8 3 . WALSINGHAM to OOBHAM. The French ambassador having lately had access to her Majesty declared to «her that the king, desiring more than the accomplishment of the marriage, and being therefore disposed to remove all difficulties that might any way impeach its proceeding, had given him charge to let her understand that far her assurance she should have anything that she could in reason desire. Whereupon, tailing some time to 'advise herself' what were fit for her to answer in this behalf, she thought it meet, since she conceived theitmbassador had commission to satisfy her more particularly touching the manner of the assurance that would be given to her by the king, to send to him to have an extract out of the king's letter of so much as concerned that assurance. Which being performed hj Mm, and afterwards perused by her, she saw it expressed in such general terms that she could not find from anything contained in it that the king has ' enlarged himself' so far as has heretofore been, delivered to her by his ministers who have dealt in the causej and as is contained in the late treaty of marriage, by which it is expressly provided that the mairiage .proceeding, she should not by the duke's means or procurement be thrown into war. She finding this strange, considering the speech the ambassador delivered to her f& the time of his access, which seemed to her much more ample than was contained in the extract, when he came to receive his answer let him understand that finding by perasal of the extract that it did not contain any other utterance than had been heM& given to her by him and others who had aforetime dealt in that cause, she saw nothing to move her to give any other answer tliaat she had both delivered already to him herself, and caused you to impart to the king. So being dismissed with this answer, lie desired her to give order to you to deliver so much to the king, which her pleasure is you shall perform accordingly; saving that you shall not be ( acknowen of' the extract from the king's letter delivered to her by the ambassador; but rather that she collected the subsfonfie of Ms speech to be such as is contained in the extract, and so to ?i© delivered as a correction by her made and not eoflteinea in any writing given b.er by him.

fOBEKSN PAPEKS. A.D.

1582 And if upon delivery of this answer the king >agks of you what further assurance she would dear* in this behalf and whether you • have any commiasion to descend, to particulars, her pleasure ia you shall let him understand that you have no such charge, for you conceive that she, finding his ambassador's speech to contain no farther matter than has been heretofore delivered to her, is entered into some doubt, conaidering how long -the impediment of' quitting' her of the charges of a war has remained unremoved, that the king does not so greatly affect the marriage as outwardly .he pretends. She did not therefore think it necessary, as you suppose, to give you any further commission in that behalf* And if the king, not satisfied herewith, will stand ' to the maintenance' of the contents of the ex-tract to be such as in reason she ought to rest satisfied with, in order that you may not be ignorant of the cause that moves her id think the assurance contained is not to be such as has been always demanded and looked for, her pleasure is that you shall let the king understand that whereas in the said extff&ct it is said Que s'il advendii cy apris qiC a Voccasion et en hayfte Audit inafiage, etc, her

Majesty does not think that any priace can with any ^ust pretence attempt anything against her for marriage itseli, biit in respect of marrying with the duke hie brother, who has possessed himself of some portions of the King of Spain's dominions; and therefore she foresees that the duke having no other support but hia own and such _ as the States may be able to give him, will not be sufficient to maintain head against the King of Spain, whereby, if the marriage proceeds, she will be drawn either to relieve him, which will be moat ungrateful to her people, and therefore she can by no means be drawn to assent thereto, or else to see him dishonoured unless the king will give assurance to assist him in • such princely sort that she shall not be constrained to be at heavy ehtoges in that behalf; upon which point she has always principally stood, and greatly marvels therefore that nothing was contained in the extract tending to that effect. In conclusion of your speech with "the king and his mother, her Majesty thinks it very meet you should as of yourself let the king understand how greatly you are grieved, m one that desires a perfect amity between the two Crowns, and sees how necessary it were for the continued conservation of both realms in respect of the greatness t>i Spain, to Wre the king und us kait in some sound and Pf*feej' amity, that seeing this treaty of marriage is subject to such difficulties- that the success of it is dotcbtfol, there Bhould not be some other way taken for the conclusion of some •such league as may fend fo the; assurance «f both Crowns against any that should attempt any thing against them. And that you conceive that if the treaty of amity propounded last year by her Majesty had proceeded, good fruit sought have in many ways followed thereof, without any impediment to the marriage, bat rather -might have greatly furthered it. The like speech you should address to such of the Council fcere as you have known to affeet the a i a % between the two Crowns.

A.D.1582.

-

• Her Majesty's pleasure is that you shall most effectually recommend to the king the great necessity MB brother is in of his brotherly and princely support; letting him understand that although she sees that her often and earnest recommendation has not so far prevailed to work #ie effect desired by her, yet she hoped that the natural affection he ought to beax Ms brother, and the great good that the Grown of France will receive by the prosecution of the action he has now in hand, would have wrought in such sort that he would have been otherwise supported than Mtherto he has been. For if the king would only have favoured Mm so far as to have given order that upon Ma frontier bordering on the Low Countries there might have been a general restraint made against the transporting of victims ,to ^he^ Prince of Parma and file Malcoutenfej it would have stood Mm in such stead that the prince would teot haye prevailed in the taking of Oadeaarde as he has Her Highness would further have you let him understand that she ig informed there ftre great mjjnbers both of horse .and foot coming to the succour of the JPrince of Parma; both from Italy and Germany; whereby it is very likely he will be in such sort fortified that the duke's forces will not be able to withstand him, unless the kM-g deals more roundly in supporting Sin than Mfckertohe has done, -especially by givi&'g present ordeJ of the said ¥e0teai»$ of .victuals, .than out. o% the king's dominions, will mrae •* prevail' to annoy the enemy than the furnishing of him with 10,000 men. Therefore, swing this may be done without breach of league or just cause of ©Senses to Spain, her Majesty most earnestly etasires the king to give •orfe- in that behalf. She takes this camse of i3xe date's to heart, foreseeing the danger that may befall to them-both in ease he shall not fee tetter assisted than hitherto by his brother; and therefore she looks that you should deal substantially and earnestly therein, pressing 'with' Ihe fctag and ^tteen Mother to yield you some answer. Her MJajesty is content you should show the extract .to the king, if you see geod cause to lead you to it; and therefore I send a copy of it enclosed. Draft, tiMh oim or tico corrections by WuMnglumi. Endd. with date, 10 pp. i$Ym,ce YIL. 189,] July 25.

1 8 4 . -JotaT NOBEIS to I have received yoffi- two tetters h«re at D r f i r k . f oueMng her Majesigr's pleasure how I shall govern myself in this army, I wrfi m -all lay actions prefer her will before my reputatioa, ana ixowsoew I aan used, it Bhall content me to think how I may do her semee. My brother eas make you the teua deport of fliis tost meeting. I cannot yet learn the foundations of it, but there is great appearance ihat a©me of ihe officers were faulty 'f£' ihe beginning, not ^Making It wouM have growa t-o *hat esieeiBi^y. When I hme d

Si, I mH m ^ e laxgely a&weriAm $&u.

186

.

FOBEIGN FAPEBS.

A.D. 1582.

Our news is that Octavian Gomaga has arrived at Namur j the forces from Italy in the Duchy of Luxembourg being 4,000 Spaniards and 2,000 Italians on foot, and of both nations 1,500 lances. Count Charles is said to march with two regiments of Almans,' Our forces from Prance are looked for devoutly, but we learn no certain time of their arrival. I will, as you write, advertise you when anything happens, of importance.—Dunkirk, 25 July 1582. Add. Endd. ' July-25.

1 p.

[Roll and Fl. XVI. 77.]

185. PEBMYN to WAIISINGHAM. I received your letter on the 23rd, through Capt. Williams, who • gave it me at the camp. It was dated July 8. Touching your commands, I wil] not fail to write to the person in question very fully ; he does things easily for me off-hand {a la Ugere) especially in these matters. And to tell the truth,-1 eannot persuade myself that there is not some great feat to be executed on the part of the Koman Catholic princes, which has been long projected, and is at present, on the table (mr le bureau) if God do not lay to His hand to hinder it. As for affairs here, they do not go as is requisite, but always from • bad to worse. His Highness is at present at Bruges, haying passed through Zealand with his Excellency. The Prince of Epinoy has remained at Antwerp as governor.. Since his Highness's arrival at Bruges, Lamoral d'Egraont has been ordered to keep his house as a prisoner under guard, and others have been imprisoned. They say that M. de Marquette is of the party, and the baron of Saleedo, son of a Spaniard who was killed in the Paris massacre, He was governor for the king of a place near Metz in Lorraine, and had lately come to the camp, two days before it was raised from the neighbourhood of Ghent, He had passed through the enemy's camp, and was at the surrender of Oudenarde, with a passport from the Duke of Lorraine. He has had a regiment in Prance—is a busybody (remue menage) and dangerous ; 28 to 30 years old. As to the deed for which he was arrested, or accused, I have not heard the truth of it.

^ . •-•••••

As for the conduct and government of our camp, not a sol avpatare has as yet been paid to the gendarmery since we, were encamped before Ghent, and there is no sort of brigandage or theft which is not committed by the soldiers who go out from the eamp in search of victuals, besides (gue) violations; and these continue. That is the state, conduct and discipline of our army, with infinite gambling. If his Highness does not set order there sooner or later, we may fear the worst, that some great alteration will eome about. To wish to make use of an army composed offivenations, wifchoutfpay or tolerable food, what is one to hope for from such management ? And to say the truth, since we have been encamped at this place we have lost as many men, deserted or dead, as joined usat Dunkirk, They go away daily, and pass through the enemy's ground to get to France. ™*6e passage is given them at Gravelines. As for the English, young Mr-Nome will inform you mare fully of their state. There

ELIZABETH.

167

A.D. 1582.

.

are at present 25 ensigns in the camp, and 5 of Walloons; 60 French companies ; 6 Scotch will remain; 800 or 1,000 reiters, and 27. cornets of cavalry, such as it is. We await the forces from Prance that are said to he at hand; which again is not a ready thing. Yesterday morning arrived in post a French gentleman, who said he had seen the Prince Dauphin a fortnight ago. He told him that he would not come to these parts but by the king's license and express command, and that he had no forces ready yet. In the evening arrived M. de Saucriaut (?), who said just the contrary. He went to Bee his Highness, and said that by the 15th of next month the force would have joined the army. These are words. Time and the season are passing, with the resources. There are only two or three months of summer left; and the French proverb will come true ' apres la mort, le m&decin,' even if steps were oeing sincerely taken, which most people doubt, from the results which they see with their eyes. To-day 5 of the newly-come French companies left the camp to go into Dixmude with the others of M. de Saint- Seval's regiment. It is reported that the enemy is on the way towards Poperinghen, This is not assured; but he "certainly had some design on Brussels, to blockade it, and reckoned to retake Alost easily, inasmuch as he could get rid of the water from it. The enemy's reinforcements are at hand; and those which were in the neighbourhood of Geneva are on the way thither, led by one named Anselme, who is from Avignon, aad has served the king of France in the Marquisate of Saluces; where haying taken certain places, the king had to pay him 30,000 crowns before he would hand them over. There are also some old Spanish regiments, which have been here before. As for the general of our camp, M, de ftoehepftt, he hae had two attacks of tertian fever and went yesterday morning to Bergiisefor medical treatment, and is lodged at the abbey. M. de villiere commands in his absence. I will not discourse longer to you on the miseries here, of the disorders, confusions, plundering^, robberies, embezzlements (? concussions) , violations of laws divine and human, leaving it all to Mr Nonis; what is going on in this town on me part of the garrison, and other things that mast not be written, l a sum, Sir, we are the scourges of the •wrath of Ood, who will stoke us all for being conduit-pipes for the scum of wickedness; Kviug only by prey, whose end will erown the work.—Dunkirk, 25 July, 3 o'clock in the afternoon, 1582. P.S.—There is no great choice between tyrannies, complains this desolated country, which laments itself. Colonel Stewart is at present in Zealand. He married the Ccrantess of Batemburg a fortnig&t ago, m& is on hm ^ay to Scotland from Veere, where he embarks. AM.

Eitdd. Wr* 8J>J>. iEolLatd Fl, XVL 78.]

FOREIGN PAPERS. A.D. 1582.

July 25.

. •186. GERHASDS: VAN DBM BiRBoira to WALSINGHAM. Although I am not personally acquainted with your lordship, necessity compels me to write tod will excuse my boldness. I have continually and at great cost been for a long time soliciting through my special deputy for payment of the bonds given by her Majesty which the Mayor and Alderman of London promised to pay us the debtors in chief; upon which., owing to my deputy's diligent solicitation, you will not be unaware that I have been for some years entitled to sue. On this I have had to expend a great part of my substance, contrary to my expectation, ffor relying on that old promptitude'of payment for which her Majesty was for many years celebrated throughout Europe, I thought that by the transfer to me of those bonds I held the very gold and silver. But I have been so much disappointed, that in despair of getting anything by any further modesty and civil solicitation, I decided to recall my deputy, especially when I understood that I had hitherto been cajoled (laetari) with the vain, and so costly hope of the payment of interest, promised to Similar creditors, as though I seemed to be held in derision; whence others might snatch occasion to open their mouths for a transfer of my security (? inete actiofois translationi iniuandi). After having thus far at so much expense, tried to get some return from it,' I had no idea of withdrawing, and if any postponement should happen to me, allowing the name of others to be admitted upon it—otherwise, to say the truth, an unusual thing in Germany. • ' . Wherefore I beg your advocacy to enable me to get satisfaction, that I toay not be forced to adopt that method of obtaining payment which is granted by the bonds, and tor which there is certainly •opportunity both among us and elsewhere j and I have hitherto put off using it to my heavy cost. • Wherefore being unable any longer to bear the delay, some months ago I made my protest before the senate Of this out eity, and gave orders for it to be made known in England. Understanding that it has been read by the Mayor and Aldermen of London and others, which is enough for me without farther protestations- or publication (insimiaimie). Before taking furffeer steps, I will wait to see what hope may dawn from this h-amble statement of the case.*—Cologne, 25 July 1582,

• .. July 26.

Add. Endd. hy L. Toms&n: From Gerard Byrboum, for payment of has bonds. He has protested in Colin, and means to proceed aoeordingly in ease he be not otherwise satisfied. Latvn, lJi>jV \Chtmany II 34.] 1 8 7 . GoBHAM to WALSIHGHA31. You May have heard how Capt, Perdin has started from beside .Eoehelle with almost 1,000 soldiers, embarked in 8 ships, with two other ships freighted with' munitions and victuals, 'left behind' Bon Antonio, which have taken their courses towards the Terceras. _ Antonio de Meneses i a s remained hurt tod sick at Bochelle, and is not yet folly recovered. .He is to depart with his S00 men from Boehelle m t t y r o r three slips, as I am informed by one of Don

• A.D.

ELIZABETH..

1582. Antonio's gentlemen left about his affairs. ' Otherwise there is-no certain news oi any act done by Don Antonio, but sundry bruits of little (eficair \ They ol Bochelle, now that they find1 Don Antonio'^ proceedings to- be directed against King Philip,; offer him ships, victuals, and munition. In the beginning of last weak, there passed at Sanseres [gy. Sancerre] 4,000 Gascons, who hasten towards Monsieur. The troops of M. Laval and the Viscount Rochefoucauld have passed- into Pieardy, with 200 horse besides their foot; of whom I hear no certain news.. ,

Advertisements have come to the lung that the- King of Sweden is dead. I enclose, herewith advertisements from sundry places.—Paris, 26- July 1582; Add. . Endd.. \%pp. [France VII. 140.]

July 26.

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188. COEHAS to WAIiSiNSBAM:. I have dealt very earnestly by all the convenient means I could use to advance the obtaining favourable means in behalf of the merchants' ships stayed at Malta, aa you will find by the copies I will send you by the next; having 'enforced' myself, that the merchants, might perceive your recommendation has had power on me and on my will. The Eouen merchants, Hopton and Morris, are delivered from. Eouen, where their lives were in danger, I have (dealt by means' with John Grower, offering to deliver him" ' ; and succour Ms miserable estate with all- things h§ shall need. As . yet he shows rather to have a will to obey their clergy and" discipline, but I shall not so leave him. One of Count Roquendolfe's servants is apprehended at Eontainebleau for carrying a dag charged. He has been exaanined, because it was doubted he had an intention to murder the king; but as yet the young fellow stands stoutly to- the denial. He is a scholar, perhaps a Jeauit. The, king has,, as I heat-, given the Cuke of Hatpensier the duchy of Chatellerault in recompense for his government of Brjtamiy; and the Duchess of Chatellera.ult, the king's bastard sister, has the duchy of Angouleme assigned her, and the Duke of Mercceui: tae government of Britanny. The Queen Mother has-granted the Queen of Xawje ihe duehy of lois* which she had both in dowry and 'jointer/ I return, by this bearer my servant Jaekson,. Mr Phillips'® dispatch, for I sent him with it to Bcrarges to Mr Phillips. I leave the consideration of the costs, of his journey to you, if you please— Paris, 26 July 1582. . Add. Endd. 2$p. [jphww VIL141.]

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FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

July 26:

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189. ATOMY DANETT to WALSINCMAM. Since my last of the 23rd,. sent by the Dutch poet, the enemy •was before Meenen, and sent to summon the town; but after he • had hovered about there two or three days he went towards Ypres, but stayed not long there, but went to a place called ' Poperen,' where he remains to refresh his army, the country, thereabouts being very fertile, and as is yet supposed, will stay there the coming of the. French forces, which he will encounter, if he find his advantage. - It is given out that those forces will arrive here shortly, hut the best believe they cannot be here this month; and therefore whatever is given out of a general muster and a pay to be had presently, to stay the camp, which by reason of their intolerable misery is greatly discontented, I do not think they will receive any relief before the whole forces are arrived. It is commonly talked that very lately money has been furnished 'by 10 out of 27, and by 81 out of 85.'; but I think it is to continue a hope of pay, because they disband out of the camp, and the numbers decrease daily-

The matter :of Salcede, mentioned in my last, has since been thoroughly examined; the process and depositions are sent to 12, and 30 vehemently suspected of the practice; which was to have taken away hia Highness and the Prince by slaughter or by poison, or finding himself strong with his regiment which, he was to ' erect,' by 4,000 crowns whieh he was to receive of the Prince of Parma,, to have carried them both to the enemy. The Count of Egmont is still prisoner in his lodging, having a gentleman of credit belonging to the prince, and 6 of his guard to attend upon him. He is deep ...in this conspiracy-, as it is said, especially touching the prince, and therefore I think it will be hard with him.—Bruges, 26 July. 1582.

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July 26 Tor 271 .

190. THOMAS MOB&AN to WALSINGHAM.

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Endd. by Wahmgham. 1 p.

\HoU. and Fl. XVI. 79,]

I requested Mr Stookes to advertise you of the misfortune that • chanced amongst the 11 * ancients' that came out of Friesland. The . departure of them this gentleman the bearer hereof can inform you, of the 1truth of their pitiful departure, ' and most vemently did • exclaim against the general.' But who put it into their heads God knows, but whom the fault is in I 'knows'not, I have brought those few men into the camp, but yet marvellously, ' discont' and 'daily doth ran away to the enemy.' Truly since my departure from these companies, I find them the [most] disordered men that ever I saw in my life. You will please to understand that I have taken as great paina in the behalf of the general as ever any gentleman could do, and he never gave me thanks at my coming to him for all the pains I have taken for the maintaining of his honour. There is unkindness 7fallen out between us, by reason of certain words, as Mr ' Eno-welles ' should' tell me ; which, words were these, saying that he would write to England that he owed neither captain nor eofficer any money, which I utterly deny, for he owes me a great pi c e °*

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money, that I have ventured my life for, and that he has received for ray pay. This I beseech you to countenance me in, that I have •ventured my- life and goods, for truly, if it please you, in my • opinion there was never a greater disorder or discredit to our nation than has fallen out at this time. ; The soldier exclaims on the-general, the general finds fault with the captain ; but ' who' the fault is, I know not, Eut I doubt not but the truth will be known one day, and I for my part will seek it out to the uttermost. I beseech you to confer with this bearer, who was with ine among them, and he himself was once like to have been slain by them. He will ' show you of' all their proceedings.

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I received your letter touching Mr Carleil, •* which' I am very well contented with anything that is your pleasure. But truly I - have had great wrong. Concerning the news here,—we- have; had intelligence as this present day that' the enemy is come down very strongly, and lie about Tpres and Poperingo, which is not above three leagues of our camp. We lie very strongly between two waters, and begin to entrench ourselves upon the weakest places. We are not in the camp of fighting-men, horse and foot, above 7,000; and they come away daily, of all nations. When the.enemy comes nearer, I' fear they will go away faster.—From the camp by Dunkirk, 27 July 15^

Add. Endd.: ' July 26.' 3 pp. July 26.

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[Boll, d- M. XVI. 80.]

191. EOGEB WILLIAMS to WALSINGHAJE. I was ashamed to write to you touching the mutiny and am loath to do it; but seeing Mr Norris goes about to condemn his eaptains generally without excepting, perforce I think myself greatly injured. Coming from fielder, at the passage of Wier (?) by Utrecht he left me with the three cornets to pass 'for* Maadera, I waited for him till I met him at Antwerp. I passed with such diligence to the camp by,Ghent that' Tillies,' Excellence, States gave me thanks, without losing ' none.' It is well known to the best here (?) that the footmen were resolutely bent at that passage to stay "for 'contentation,'and, not to march further, but that I had embarked the horse before. .11 there lie any of any nation that will say, since our arrival s to ' Flanders, that [they] had the vanguard oftener the three English cornets or fought so often, I will say *Kb ' and maintain {It] to death. • - Touching the money. God knows I know not what was -received, ' nor never talked of it, as all ih& officers of the army will bear me witness that I had as good occasion to call for money;as the rest; for that day I entered the camp I will say no captain tod moi-e lances under bis cornet than I. Since our coming I haTe lost half for want of money. Onr three cornets since we came from Doesborg to tbis hoar have received but half a month's pay. Some told me, within these two days, that no mm, was more beholden to ,Mr Noras titan ,-L ; ¥he gentleman I confess to bo o y

.COT A.D.1582.

PAPERS.

talismt and wise,, and* think no man dares do niOTe with a treop of men than he; : I confess myself beholden to him. Yet that day th$i }L& gaye me. a company of foot, Mr' Delannoue.' would ' a had me to a. gone:' with him to. Flanders, promising to Use- me as well as-his son 'Tilleny,' Sin.ee that time I thiak h& gave 'place of captain' to- divers, others, as base minds as myself. I can say I was th& first captain that eves he mad,e, but he cannot Bay that he made me ft?st a. soldier. Sinee my coming to him I qaia prove I was seconded as well here as in England with better- than £700, and 18 serviceable hora.es—seven of them was & crowns, I never saw any crowns or horse of bis for me at. this hour, on the faith of a soldier. In my judgement I am'better than £8Q0 worse than nought.' '.When it comes to proof, if yon will* show tee that liberty to let me come to my answer, I doubt not but von will find Mr Norris in my debt all manner of ways; that. I will prove as the man at the ha?,, by God and, good witness* I desire* yon to pardon me. If I did not fear and love yon, I wouM not write so much.—Afc the camp By1 Bu-nlrirk, 26 July. AM, 1&2.

Mndd, Bap.

[Moll W<1 Fl XVI. 81,~}.

PEBMOT ta WALSBHOBCJO**

I wrote to you yesiierday through Mr Norris. Since; then nothing has happened except that his Highness has sent word to M. de la RachepoUthat he. is taking immediaie steps to find a. month's pay for his army, and that he hopes before the 15th of next month the French forces will join with ours, to. be employed there fe SQ»e good service. It is said also that the enemy has surrounded the iovm, of Ipres whfli & view to besieging it, Thtere are in it $ eoiQpanies of iiafatttry besides, thei citizens,, all in good agreement ^nd furbished' with everything necessary. Lam-oral Egniost was yesterday gent a prisoner from Bruges to Sluys with a good1 guard, and Salcedo put in a dnngeon with irons on Ms feet. Ke has- confessed-- everything 7to his Highness andhie Excellency; how he had received lO&.OOO erowns from the Prince of Parma em- behalf of the- King of Spain, to go to Ms Highness and ask for a, regiment. He would5 easily- get permission- to1 raise one at his own cost, and money w.OTild not be lading. He was to spend (?) boldly, and employ afi his wits- (ton? ses sens) "to arrive at his aim, to kill Ms- Bighness and5 his IJxcelleney,. Another, an Italian, is said to- hav& Been taken in the eamp, and s ^ to bis Highness. Their trial is being prepared, There afe some French[gentlemen mixed' up- m Has. busiaess, in. whielicniucht will be, discovered when thfe tetur^ (Ugestm}, is ptit helore. them, |Eig Bighnsss has sent for the Attorney-General of Qiheni to prepare theyt ease and put it through, tamor&i is deeply implicated in it. He Iras forgotten hii&seil greatly towards both bis Highness and his Excellency. He had been pnfc into, possession of all the jurqperty of the abbey chnreh of S& Ba-von that % in. existeneSi with aik incom© ®f more than 15,000 florins. That is how this young lord has let himself be brought te-i'nin.. Sslcefe Miving raised hi& regfeoent reckoned at the- tira& of the execration of his eomspiraey to go- and garrison some

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A.D. 1582.

good place, in order then to hand it over to the enemy. You shall hear ranch more when all the examinations haye beeD made of the euiprits. 1 His Highness is sending to the king his brother to let him know all about thia conspiracy; which touches him aa nearly, so far as I have been able to understand.—From the camp by J Ghent, 26 July 1582. , Add. July 26.

Endd. Fr.

2 pp.

[Holl. and FL XFL 88.]'

193. DB DALB to BUBGKEHEY, I send you an abstract of the reasons that are contained in the book which I had of you, touching the titles of the competitors for the kingdom of Portugal, and also such as I remember of that other boqk written in the Portugal tongue, which I had of you two years past. None of those books open any of the points which may make for Don Antonio, touching the marriage of his mother " subsequent'; I suppose because they consist specially m facto, which they will not admit or acknowledge. I remember the verse of Luean, touching the right of Pompeius and Caesar: Magno se jadice quisque tuetur; Yietrix causa diia placuit, aed victa Catoni. .Copy'in a later liand;qy.in connexion with mar-riage of Charles II, Endd. l^pp. [Portugal L '82.]

July 27.

194. DANIEL BOSHES to WALSINGHA3I, Two things especially greatly hinder me in writing to you at present; fear lest my keepers should come and spy ink and paper with me, and lack of time and opportunity, since that which I now begin, I cannot tell when I shall end, by such straits am 1 compelled to write. After God and her Majesty, I think myself aingulaiiy beholden to you for the great care you have taken about my deliverance. If God give me grace to come once hence, I am to endeavour myself how I can be thankful to you. If I die before, my trust is, and you need not to doubt, the Almighty will requite your godliness and care had, and laJbour about my delivery. Surely a little further care will effectuate my liberty, all things well weighed. Two difficulties remain to be run for my entire liberty} first to travail again by earnest letters of her Majesty to the Prince of Parma, the Duke of Cleves and the Baron of Anholtj that the Mug's determination of setting me at liberty be executed in effect, secondly, the diachatging of our expenses here. As to the first, if the Prince of Parma send a full authority to the Baron for my deliverance, he will make no'farther delay. If Stephen had forthwith, after he had heard the Baron's anBwer, according to my eotmsel retained to the Prince of Parma for the obtaining of bis M l authority (because Schenk, to whom the princes had written likewise, was apprehended the same day he came with the Prince of Parma's letter to the baron) he had surely met with all the practices of Sehenk's friends, who have wrought with the baron and the prince that I might be stayed 15077

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order? for he has always to Haider hfer Majesty's ddispleasure l against Hendosa his tog's ambassador; and so I have declared to the baron, that besides be does not obey the king a command in setting me at liberty, he greatly hinders the > n g ' s service in causing by my detention the Btay and apprehension of Mendoza in England, fo whieh he answered (for ag concerning other frivolous objections of his which I have written to Stephen, he does not 'mind' to stand on theft) thai he only waits for ktfther authority from the Prince of Parma. But a letter from her Majesty to bmi will make things sure, especially if he be given to understand that as in gratifying her Majesty he is to look for manifold courtesies from her, BO if he should not effect the king's command, but prefer Schenk's considerations before her Majesty's requests, he might hinder himself and bis posterity more than he seems now at present to -weight Besides this; bei1 letter to the Diikfe of, Cleves would finish all things; by which the duke (undfef your correction) were best to be admonished how it stands with his honour to seem not only furthered by his ways for my deliverance in causing all cavillations ks dea.se which might be moved against me by Scbenk s friends, tot also in seeing that any charges might be mitigated and borne by; him, who afterwards has good means to be repaid out ot Schenck s goods, seeing that Schenck has bought a house and other things in hM territory, ©specially in his towii called ' 'Grpach [GochJ, •which ia a mile front Blyeftteek. All which things are to be hastened, to 'avoid the dangers which Schenck's friends are 'a-dressing5 for tttej.fer they have. contracted with the Drost of Bredeforde and with the Bittmaster, which two have here made the whole eriarp in entertaining us and Sehenck's reiters, that if I do hot cause Seheiik to be put to hie ransom, they will deliver me and my brother into the hands of them ol Blyenbebk, who have pi'omised to pay thetn all that they say they have disbursed. As concerning the second-part, which is the discharging of our expenses here, •which are unreasonable, both the baron is to be rhoyed therein, and the Prince of Parma is to command severely, that they be rated according to reason, in which matter the duke must help according as is required, t think it would &o well if the Date of Aleneon and the Prince oi Orange twho is cousin to the duke) wrote to him, to admonish him that 'he' considered-how necessary & stood with bis honom* to see the said expenses defrayed. They might promise him that tUey would cause Schstik beforefie'were released* to repay the charges to hig Ijcelleney. I think surely that Schenck's friends fore&ee whafe-aciiioiiB t ntight justly lay upon him, bfeing at liberty, and therisfoi-s have taksn stteh cdurlael as- I have specified for my. detention' till he bis set at bis ransom. I have nothing so much to fear as lest I fee delivered over into the hands of Schenck's friends.. Today I understood that he had been conveyed from the town called Gkeld>rs into Zealand or Holland, which I think could d6 ma no littrt. An"ar6&s, the chief, and now only onei alive of those who spirited the, is yet in prison at Cleves. He travails wonderslow

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196

1582.

A.D.

I think that, besides all these considerations, Colonel Norris (who has 'left good oeeasionto the Duke ol Cleves to be known here') could do me especial pleasure by writing bath to the duke, atld to the Baron ol Auholt. He might write to the duke how shamefully I was taken in his country, and that upon my letters . written to Mm he had set at liberty the captain of his guard, M. • Edelkircheri, whom he had apprehended hearing that I was taken ia his country • and therefore might require him to see any charges ;dsf rayed, otherwise he should be compelled to seek for them at his subjests' hands, which he would be loth to do. This letter, sent a little before Stephen is to return, would make his{ councillors bethink themselves the better, and so partly by fear objected' to them, and by the authority of his Majesty's letters, I might the better eome out of this misery. After the same manner he might write to the baron, giving him to understand that lot my cause he "had spared his. subjects, whom he should now be compelled earnestly to molest, as also his particular goods, if he caused me not liberally to fee-restored to liberty. .

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Of some of these .things I -wrote to my friend Stephen, who Softs not so well weigh these ' moments ' as my ease requires; for these things were not to be deferred, and-being done at one time would move the duke and the baron more than 2 Mr Horns did not write. My lords the bishops, being moved by you, may otherwise help in this case. Being once delivered, I trust I should recover the charges again at Schenek's hands, .and peradventure something of what was taken from me; for Schenek, besides that he gave away 4 of niy geldings, especially liind'ered me by forging a horrible untruth, saying to the fence ol Parma that 1 I had offered him threescore dollars for my ransom; by which means he made the princes think that I had far other things to execute than they knew. If Schenek bo still in the custody of the Baron of Hohensaxe at Guelder, then I am to desire you io-write to him, and likewise to move the Earl of Leicester to write to hud, to threaten him, that unless he cause me to be delivered he shall pay for all my charges before he let him go. The Baron of Anholt is at present at the siege of Lochem, which is a frontier town on the • bordefB of Zutpnen, wit &* from the town of Eutphen, where He has now; been these 16 days- ^The town is very strong, but there are no victuals, as* is given out, in it. I beseech you be so good as to accelerate this last negotiation for my deliverance |-«hieh being hastened cttanot •bftt bring to gooa end all the careful travail heretofore taken far my sake OJ you, I have sent, to provide against :the wttfifc, cypher to myimafl Stephen, which Mr Tomaon may demand of him to use in eaee <whi!3h God forbid) I should further be fiolden up. I affi as yet in the Bittmaate^B house( here, where I have now been these ten WUBKB, but guarded as nigh' &i ever I was. ^ The fear I have test some of my keepers should perceive nte to wrxte (which I do ra my ' bed) tnakss flle break off here.—Beefed, 27 July 1583.

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A,1

July 27,

195. JOHN NOBBIS to WALSIN&HAM. Since my brother's departure I received two letters to you from • Gapt. 'Ereminge,' which I send by this bearer. I do not hear of any ' change of words,' but that it is eaid the enemy means to come before Ypres. Divers have been lately apprehended for treason, • ' amongst whom the young Count of Egmont is one. The bruit is they would have killed his Highness and the Prince; but in my opinion neither for his years nor discretion would BO.great a matter be committed to him. The Trench- forces are not certainly heard oi I am sure M. Eremyn writes you his opinion. Our camp is the very image of Hell, and in it none more tormented than myself; for besides the trouble with strangers, and this shameful disorder, our own chiefs will riot yet suffer me to live in quiet. I doubfe I shall shortly be forced to write it to you more at large.—Dunkirk, 27 July 1582. Add. EnM.

July 2£.

1 p. ' [HM. & Fl. XVI. 83,]

196. JOHN NOBEIS to EDWARD NORMS. Brother Edward,—I received today your letter by Mr Western* The only point that is to be answered is touching those French reports of this meeting. It will not be strange to you I am sure . that most part of them will not spare to lie what they can to disgrace me; and it grieves me not a whit, for I will not be such a one as they shall 'like of.J His Highness, I assure myself, is satisfied, or at least everybody makes me believe so. This is the only letter I have received from him since it happened, which I send you. For the Prince, I think he has had so good proof of me that he will not make any such report of me. Whatsoever all they would say, I can rightly clear myself. I would you could write me some particulars, who has written these false reports, for if I make mention of it generally, I shall be denied and laughed at. Let me know who yon think it necessary that his Highness or the Prince should write to, and I doubt not but to procure it. If you knew the life I lead here, yon would think I need none of theae slanders to trouble me.—Dunkirk, 28 July, 1582. . P'S.—I pray you keep his Highness's letter well, or else send it me again. I send you also a letter of Mr Danett, that yo« may see what he heard of the matter. Mndd. Ip. ilbid* XVL M,2

My

28.

197.

THOMAS LONGSTOK to WALSUJGHAM.

By my letter of the 21st you 'may have intelligence' that ^ ° ™ m S to your order I paid here to Stephen Le Sieur the value of 100 «eneh erowns, being £80 sterling, which I desired might be repaid m London to Mr Christopher Hoddesdon, in part of a more sum that I 'ought' him. I a l s o signified in my letter what speech this burgomaster Alostanus had with me, touching the merest for 'Paulovisino' aad" Spinola; via. that Mr Ymane had their commission to * satisfy' m England for them. And as I heard

ELIZABETH, A.D.

197

1582. in secret there was order given not only for the contingent of Brabant, but also for Flanders and Zealand, and that the Dutch merchants 'trading England' should furnish the money there. If you are not made acquainted •with this by Ytnans, he is worthy. I think, of reproof for indirect dealing ae •well as the others that seek to gain time to prolong etc. [sic] and therefore to be urged for performance of the commission given to him, that her Majesty may be contented so, rather than by way of arrest, which might turn to the loss of our merchants here, while • the Dutch' merchants that should be touched by- the arrests in ; England have here in this town command of the weapons, especially now that Monsieur and the Prince are absent. 2?or though ' respecting her Majesty's goodness shewn toward this country, with the present estate and case thereof, it may seem that what I iear is very unlikely to fall out, yet the experience I have had of their desperate dealings and how these men will help themselves in their private causes, if by any means they can, though with detriment of the general and [sic], I may think they would now do it, yea, and forsake this country rather than be ruined. Your pleasure signified to me by letters of the 21st, received the 2,5", I will observe, in not dealing farther hereabout this matter; as also when I see it pertinent, to give warning that no colourable contracting be nsed. But surely I think our merchants will not take that course, to hurt their own markets by bringing strangers' goods thereto. . The letters directed to Stephen Le Sieur I have at his eoming from Bruges this day delivered to his hands, as by his answer I account you will understand, and also of the heinous treacheries plotted against Monsieur and the Prince, at Bruges revealed and made frustrate for.this time, and the Almighty have praise for it. I will according to your pleasure furnish Stephen with more money, for he desires it, and would.have had 200 crowns at first. So I think he will now have 100 crowns more at least,—Antwerp, 28 July 1582. Enclosed in the above •

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198. ^Articles propounded and laid forth at Augsburg, the 3 July 1582.' 1, That the 'treves' for 6 years against the Twk, consented in ! that .sort ii waa at Eegensburg in 1576 is anew <mpae& to he • consented' for another 6'years. , . : 2, To deliberate upon the means how the troubles ini the : Low Countries may be once quieted and appealed, ^ ™ then something earing for this. Dutehland, all aggers may be avoided [$ie). 3. How.the Empire, pulled away by sundry ^

. (and specially LiefeW), is to be / w t a f ;7 « £ ambasiage formerly required and * contented mto fco be effected or noi . ,

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A.D, 1582.

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4. In what sort some faults chanced or fallen into the chamberJustice ' may he reformed for behoof of the said s Chamber-Justice.' 5. To hring into better order the womb or bowels of the Empire and the unruliness therein baring course to suppress or extirpate. 6. To put in order the contentious questions 'eessiones';. and that his Majesty have consideration upon the conclusion and final writings of the impleaded parties to end the same by justice. 7. How the Imperial ordinance for the coin may be maintained or observed, touching the unreasonable raising of gold and silver. '. 8. Lastly, how and what manner the heavy tolls imposed by the Princes. in England, Sweden; and Penmark upon ships and merchandise.may be set off or pulled down. . AM. Evdd. l i and 1 | (smaller) pp. llbicl XVI. 85.]

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July 28.

199. ETIBNKB LBSIEUB to WALSESGHAIT.

I wrote you on the 20th that I should start on the following day for Bruges. I arrived thereihree days ago, and delivered M. de Marchaumont's letters to M. de Quinse, who having read "them said that he would communicate with his Highness upon them. I was answered by the Prinee of Orange that her Majesty's request touching Schenk waa granted. He offered further to do me any other pleasure I needed, and got me a passport from his Highness ' to go to the Prince of Parma,. • During my stay at Bruges there was discovered a conspiracy • against his Highness and the Prince, of which I doubt not you have been amply and truly informed. Still, inasmuch as I was there, and thai last Thursday I went to see M. Marquette, who is my friend, and to whom is committed the guard of Lamoral d'Bgmont, and haying heard myself from the said Egjnont that which he freely confessed I would not fail to writ§ it to you. It was in the form of a conversation, A gentleman of Tournayj in thepresence of Egmont, was lamenting his misfortune, and that such a dishonour had fallen on his house. He replied that he hoped to clear himself of any such suspicion that they had of him, and that meanwhile he would arm himself with patience till the truth was known. Thereupon M. de Marquette replied: "How, M, d'Mgmont ? by what way can you excuse yourself of those four points that you have confessed to m&? to wit r that you settled with Salcedo your departure from hence, the means being that ; he would send 2,000 horse to escort -you; that you wrote to the Queen Mother to that effect, Without informing the Prince of Orange who, has? loved you BO much ; that you tolerated and concealed the insults and evil which Salcedo spoke to you of .his Highness and the Prince; then when the Prince toM ym not to kept company with Saleedo, who was not fit to come among honest people, instead of doing so, you told Salcedo what the Prance had said to you; is it not true?" 'Whereupon he answered-, Yes, and he eould not deny it, even eonfened it. • Egmont showed throughout a joyful face, as though protesting against anything else they might charge him with. During all-the time I stayed at

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•- •;.;-.'" Bruges he did not leave, his. loggings, nqr yitfc h,e examined. That is till yesterday evening when I was going, and then I heard that the procurator-ftseal "was to go there to examine him, and I think if he will not confer that of which the qtiuar, conspirators, accuse him, that he will be shown the torture, and judicial proceedings will lie taken according te hip confession. f W will he, done with the others is not yet known. M. de Plessis departed last Thursday with his family, whom he is leaving in Prance, and he for his journey to Germany. His Highness gave a banquet that day to the Prince of Orange and the . " • States of Flanders, where they were very merryOn my return from Bruges to this town this evening, I received his Majesty's letter, that which yon sent me, With the help of God, I will -make my way to the Prince of Parma in two days, and will use ' my best endeavours in this ch&rgB, so that you shall be content with my services, which with a faithful heart I have dedicated to her Majesty. . I thank you for your care that I may not lack means for my journey.—Antwerp, §8 July 1582, Add. July 28.

Endd. Fr.

1-p. [Wd. XVI. 86.]

2 0 0 . THE MABBU&B Considering the French ambassador'a report, that the Mng his master 'yields1 to discharge her Majesty Of all charges of-war, if she will marry Monsieur,-and that he requests, a speedy answei, it is to be considered^-. 1. To see the very words of the king's letter for at MB commissioners' being here the. like in thisi sort thatii she ^ U marry the day after the marriage there * < ^ b « d f ™ * M Z £ kingJs part any kind of assurance from him that he would declare against the King of Spain. 2. The words already passed in the treaty of mamage axe h

m plain'terms, that by U&m
SJ

her realm should not be mooted vith my war. # ^f^J! also to have been performed and sworn to by the king md also oy his brother: ' ,

So it is * requisite' what is wm M* £ " £ %

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her Majesty always required that seeing his actions" into hostihty with ^ . ^ - only be free from the charges of the w tot it mi^ht be. se^n how Monsieur J ^ ^ ^ prosecute his actions begun $o th*t jb^should i ^ ' of her husband, drawn to charge her realm ana mroj«* to the 0QYena,nt of the, treaty. W now for answer at *his appear - [sic] that hewill satisfy she assuredly promise to matry ? ! ' There is to he c o n s i d e r ^ what proceed in aiding Konsieur either dire

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jg to s l l 0 W tig opinion and liking, that her Majesty may see the matter plainly probable, how with her marriage she may keep her realm free from the interest of her husband s war. For this is to be well noted that on her part, when the marriage is concluded there can be no accident to change it, but it must continue; but on the other part, whatever shall be promised by the ting for the discharging of her Majesty may by new accidents be altered and changed and that also with 'probability of pretensions ' bo save the king in honour, though the promise shall not be fully performed. Yet because in such cases princes cannot exact among themselves more than covenants and promises, confirmed by writing, sealing, and oaths, there ia in this matter, if her Majesty thinksit expedient to marry, as much to be foreseen as reason can conceive, that the French ting's promises may be found probable to be performed, that is to say that the same may appear to be: • ' . • . 1. profitable for himself and his brother; and also - . • 2. possible or feasible to be continued by him; _ for without these two respects, the continuance of the promises will be doubtful. When these doubts are cleared on the king's part, then, if her Majesty shall like to marry, it will be convenient that she forbear her ' resolute' answer affirmatively, until she hears from Monsieur in what sort his intention is to "proceed. In Bwrghley's hand. Endd, by him: 28 July. For answer to the French ambassador's message at Nonsuch. 21 $>]). [France VII' 142.]

July 28.

2 0 1 . THE. KING of SWEDEN to the QUEEN. From the letters brought by Thomas Gorge, a gentleman of your bedchamber, and from Ms own report, we have gladly understood the matters entrusted (? demandata) by you to him, which he_has diligently and with great dexterity set forth to us. As we decided everything in his presence,-he knows how to report our mind and wishes to you.—Upsala,'28 July 1582. (Signed) Johannes K.S. Add. Endd. Lat. Wl. [Sweden I. 3.]

Jtdy 28,

2 0 2 . THE QCSEN of SWEDEN to the QUEEN.Although we were unable through ill-health, to receive your gentleman. Thomas G-orge, the greeting which he brought from you caused ue mueh pleasure. We understood further that you were surprised we had not yet written to you. But seeing that all things -were not as well settled between the King our husband and yourself as we could have wished, -we abstained from writing. . Now however that we understand your mind to be better disposed towards oui' htisband than formerly, \i?e hear it with great joy, we hope that this wiU long last, and we have wished to greet you herewith. If there is any way in which we can gratify you, you will find, us yon* most devoted sister and cousin.—Upsala, 28 July 1582. {Signed) Catharine,. Add. Mndd. Latin. 14U. \JBaA. 1.4.]

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ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582.

July 29.

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201

2 0 3 . HEELB to WALSINGHAM. • Since the writing of my last, a great conspiracy has been discovered-at Bruges, intended against Monsieur and the Prince of Orange, for which one { Sergedo,' a Spaniard's son, born in Normandy, is apprehended, as head of the plot, with whom "was joined ' Amoral!,' the younger brother 6f the House of Egmont, who is committed to the custody of Marquette, sometime lieutenant to la Noue. He has already confessed some things against himself, touching the conspiracy. With these two are apprehended two Italians, one of whom, called Francisco, accompanied Salcedo hither from the Prince of Parma's camp after the surrender of Oudenard. There are taken, for the same practice, a Lorrainer and a townsman of Bruges, and at Ghent sundry imprisoned therefore, as colleagues to the former. Monsieur has taken this 'near to heart, andnas advertised the French king of it by an express messenger, ' showing that in case sufficient matter^ be proved against these persons, they shall suffer for it, without regard of Egmotit more than of the meanest, though hear of blood to the French Queen that now is. And he h&s further signified that their process shall be divulged throughout Christendom, to make apparent the Jimg ot bpam s proceedings against his person, and those that are ]omed with him Du Plessis has it in his instructions for the Diet. This Baleedo was son to a Spaniard that served the Jrench king < H. the Second,' by whom he was greatly advanced and recorded, and among other things had a eastle with a sxgnory grtao.torn near Eouen, where this young B^edo was born Ihe father, for the good opinion that King Henry had of him was made governor d Met!, and matched himself in mamagewth one of the House of Vaudemont, against the Duke of Guise s mind; wito whom • coming in pyke,' was removed from his gove*nment, i ^ J J J J being at the massacre of Paris, was by those of G-mse

clippings of gold and silver com there, and

'matte?' already prepared, to f o ^ ^ T ^

• proceeded in j u k e against Wm ^ J

j

g

boiled to death, which was executed * * « £ " » • g P™™° P a r m a ago. Since that time he has served the Pjnwe ol ra™ offered to do notable sendee for the King. <&£%* g ^ enabled mth maintenance.' ^ ^ promptness of the man, and his ^g j ^

consented that he should try his ability here, SPP°™S the Italian to bring l>a<* word from W gmgs, ^ n t o should be furnished with money fromjrma to ^time. ^

in this town, which ym *****&'*?

£g

S C

Oudenarde, he put himself ^ . f f ^ ^ c o m e from Monsieur, to whom he declared that he. was «rams do him service, even for affection-sake; and alDe« *»

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the young man sundry ways, yet not so as might deserve the rigour that was shown him by the Court of Rouen. He hoped hy good service that he would do to purge out all his former follies, offering on his own charge to levy and arm an entire regiment, and to bring them to the camp; which liberality pleased Monsieur much. But conferring with the Prince of Orange, his name and . . . ners now better examined, and thereby the rest brought in suspicion, within a while after it was discovered by some words that had escaped him, that he had a passport from the Prince of Parma. Upon this, three gentlemen were appointed to observe him, who, pleasing his humour, drew out by degrees that he. was come thither as a servant to Spain, to do some exploit. In the meantime the Prince of Orange warned young Egmont to forbear Salcedo's company, as a5 man most infamous, and who had insinuated himself to be Egmont e kinsman by the mother's aide. The Prince willed Egmorit to keep this , . . . . to hini secret; not for any regard or fear he had of Balcedo, but because he alleged he would not have mor.e enemies than he already had. Which notwithstanding, Egmont at once revealed to Salcedo, what the Prince had said, and afterwards dealt with him by ' scedules ' and messages, withdrawing in show from his company. Herewith was France so dispatched back again, and apprehended by the way, being threatened with torture if he confessed not the truth of the practice, as he was made believe that Salcedo had done. Thereat Francesco being amazed, and hearing some olthe 'purposes'recited ithat the three gentlemen had observed of him and Saleedo, confessed that Salcedo was a professed servant to the King oi Spain) and had undertaken to the Prince of Parma, who. was to famish his charges, and give him . money to 4,000 guilders, to obtain from Monsieur .the credit of a regiment, with which he should be able, if Monsieur and the Prince of Orange came personally into the field, to Mil them both, or 'at leastwise' one; or otherwise to be ready always with his regiment to betray the camp, or if it came to a day's battle, to be occasion of the victory. Or lastly, being put in garrison within any good town, . to deliver it to the Prince of Parcna, who gave Salcedo a passport for sis months, to compass MB feat in, •

Francesco further confessed that Egmont, by reason he was denied the office of Master of the Horse at the Duke's hands, also' • the governnieiit of Flanders, and because Count Maurice, son to the Prjnce of Orangef took the upper hand of him. and lastly because Bonnivet had given him theTh'e., was become a p a r t y ' ' o f this conspiracy, and offered, SQ that Saicedo would ' make Monsieur away,' that he bitwise would dispatch the Prince at his pleasure, rffceittgeasy for him, when he was at dinner with him, and ate at one diah, to do it by poisoning a ' pawaey' [qy. pooneet] that he . wore upon the end^pf his little finger, which touching the soups and broth ©a the Prince's side, a meat that the Prince much used, it were quickly and assuredly effected. Francisco confessed further that Egmont had consented to retire to the Prince of Parma^ Saleedo : . promising'that $,OQ0 horse should meet him and receive him • • aooordiag-to his* degree,. He alao affirmed that Egmont was present > .,. .. w*fbj®3 unseemly aijdinjurious worda were spgken of Monsieur and of the Prince and States here, wherein he concurred rather than

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July 29.

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' • . • I* s\A was displeased. , This is the substance oi ^yhat is known hereof as yet, and therefore I thought it my part, for your satisfaction, to set it down as large as you see.

The Prince of Parma is come in person to the army, which is about Ypreg, but attempts nothing. Truly great practices are in.hand. Cnampagny and the elder Egmont at Ghent are clapped into irons, since this practice of Saleedo and the younger Bgniont is come to light. Our camp is to be mustered tomorrow, and to receive a month's pay. It continues between Dunkirk and Bergues St. Wynock's. The French king has now given Monsieur's troops leave to march •with displayed ensigns through Franee, threatening to out them in pieces if they commit disorders "in the countries where they pass. The /whole Freneh forces promised to be here, at the furthest by the 16tb. of n«xt month, and we loot for certain for th& Queen Mother to be presently here, Her coaches were prepared for that purpose. ' Mr Norris is reconciled to his companies, but greatly ' stomached' by Monsieur and the Prince, and * desired ' t o have lodgings at Bruges. Herein are news froni Cologne, that tte colonels 0f this town have imparted ' with' me, from a party of g
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ELIZABETH.

2 0 4 . SIOXES to Hy last wag the 22ad. Since then( these are the * occurrence' here following. There is a great murdering treason discovered, which was practised by the Prince of Parma and others, to have mwdered the Duke of Brabant ajid the Prince of Orange, But God of His goodness has reveajed it before it was ripe, This murder should have been done by M. • Qmjralie. 'Egmont, and Captain $aleed.o, a Spaniard's son born in Pranee; who for sundry ^reat faults wMch. ho committed m France fled to the Prince of Parma/ and after fong Bpeeehes sundry times between the prince said him, how this m*&
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matter,' .which' Salcedo could not deny it. So they desired mercy of Monsieur and the Prince of Orange, saying they had justly deserved death; and here they lie fast in prison until answer come from the French King and the Queen Mother, Upon hope that the Prince of Parma had that this-' pretended ' • murder should have taken place, he caused his whole camp to -: march towards Ypres, besides which town they arrived last Tuesday, and the Prince of Parma came hither with, them, and there he summoned the town for a bravery. For answer, 5 ensigns of burghers and soldiers, with 2 cornets of horse, issued out and .skirmished long with them, and then returned into the town, and gave defiance to the Prince of Parma, who departed yesterday with 7 comets of horse to Tournay, half malcontent; and last night the enemy's whole camp departed from Tpres towards St. Onier and those parts to keep, the rest of Monsieur's forces from entering, if they can. Monsieur's camp lies still between Dunkirk'and Berghes, in very great disorder for, want of .good government, and specially for their pay ; 'which for want thereof is the only cause of their evil government. The speech goes there that Monsieur is in great pain for lack of money to pay his soldiers, which is feared will be the overthrow of all, if his friends do not help him with money. Every day here sundry speeches are given out of Monsieur's forces from France. But as yet they are not come, which is no small grief to the commons in these parts. God send them quickly hither, or it will not go well. This week the Duke of Brabant gave a great banquet to the magistrates of this town and the ' Free,' and to the J?our .Members of Flanders, with the States of Brabant, Holland, Zealand and the rest. 'The great glasses went so fast to and fro in such order that his Highness made them all, after the fashion of his country, very merry; which was well liked of all, for surely he was very merry amongBt them. Since the great treason was discovered the Gentners have taken the liberty they had from the Count of Egmonfc and M. de Champagny, and they are now kept very short and strait.—Bruges, 29 July 1582. - J •••• AM.

July 29.

Endd.

Q%pp. [Soil d- Ft: XVL 88:]

2 0 5 . FKEMYN to WJUSINGHAW. I have written you two letters this week through Mr Horris. Now I write this word, to say that M. de Eochepot is HI of" fever at Berghes; and last Friday M. de Tillierg, marshal of the camp, started for Zealand to stand godfather to a child of his toother, and has left the Count of la Bochepot to leave the government of the eampto M. de la Pierre, which, is by no means agreeable to many, for divers reasons. M. de Yffliers at his departure gave the jpasaword, and he last evening gave three others different: I leave you to judge if there had been an alarm last night in an army

ELIZABETH.

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' composed of 5 strange nations, what disorder would have arisen. Meanwhile M. de Tilleneuve will in no way receive the word from la Pierre, nor take any orders from him. Aa for the others, there is the captain of the watch, who is going to get it from M. de la Bochepot. That is how our army is led ; M l of disorder and lack of •good chiefB, discipline, and money; by reason of which the soldiers go daily 1,200 or 1,500 marauding, stealing, pillaging,' briganding,' violating, committing all possible crimes, under cover of seeking victuals. I leave you to judge how God can bless such armies. The . French have conquered few or no kingdoms which they have not lost for lack of good conduct; and there never was any worse than r at this time. And yet we have to do with-a great prince, who has abundance of good commanders and discipline, and will know well how to profit by our disorders. When we were joined by our reiters, if we had marched towards the enemy we should have put them in fear; or at the very least if we had gone to four or five places in the enemy's country to ravage it and take his small fortresses, if we had been forced to retire, _ we could have camped where we are; where the enemy might give us a pretty task for our bad provision, if G-od has not pity on us, and we do not incur great good luck; for the French not being employed when the iron was hot (« h, ohwude) at.th.eir " arrival, there is nothing but quarrels one against the_ other, and this entertainment is what is seen, devoid of all discipline, and • denying God all they can. Our army has not received a sou or jjatar since we have been in camp. The report is that there is to be a muster in five or six days; meantime there is a lot oi grumbling at the way it is led. M. du Plessis arrived in this town yesterday. He is on his way into France with all his family, and going to seek the Puke or Bouillon, to go to the Imperial Diet (Jmmee). The btates are sending on their behalf the Pensionary Yan der Werke of Antwerp, who already has his dispatch, with a secretary for the German tongue. There was a fire yesterday night at Bruges, which burnt three or ftrar houses, whereby there was great alarm. The town of Bois Je-Duc has received a garrison, because Count ' Holo' was in the neighbourhood, looking out for an opportunity to surprise it, with some 2 or 3 thousand men. In ahort, if they do not proceed otherwise than they are doing for his Highness's service, all will go ill, and t h e ^ 1 ? " 0 ^ . ^ w will be more hated than the Spaniards were, for their bad behaviour. Oount Maurice,' bis Excellency's son, nas gone to Holland, and M. de VilHers the minister to accompany him. Tkey are giving him 12,000 florins pension. Mr Norm started this morning for Bruges: T t a e bad management among the English, of which you have sufficient information. B'or the rest, X am your servant.

200 A.D.

FOREIGN PAPERS. 1582.

S a c j governor ol Brouage, arrived tore yesterday accompanied by 10 other persons, and is gone to find hie Highness. It continues to be said that the forces from Prance will soon arrive.— From the camp" by Dunkirk, 29 July 1582. . Adi. EntU. ,Fr. 2 pp. [koU. and Fl, XVI. 88.]

80.

' %Q€. Atfnitit D A M S ? to WAiiHSOtfuiAir." . I wrote to you on the 26th, but 1 think Mr Henry Norris had . departed for England before toy letter came to Dunkirk; nevertheless I hopeit is by this come to your hands, . The* States' eamp lies still by Dunkirk without doing anything; for want of pay and good order, they depart daily. It is now certainly believed that towards the end of this week there will be a general muster, and pay for one month, Thert is no great hope of any French forces to arrive here yet this month, and therefore no great likelihotKl of any matter to be ' - attempted ior his Highness's servied this summer j which being ended, I think the companies will for the most part be placed in gome towns in. garrison Until next yeaf. It would appear that his High-mess minds to tarry here some good space; and as it is thought will place 5feompaniesmore of the Freileh in gamsoit in this town for hiB better safeguard. There is no"W talk- of going to G-hent, . ^wherewith that town is little pleased; and as it is saidj in this levy that is made to pay the camp, the Grauntois are Very backward in furnishing their portion^' whidh is not yet sent hither; The late-apprehehded conspirators are daily examined, and racked on Saturday last. They eoflfesa great matter, aa it is said, which I hear ie already' advertised into England ' by hie Highness. .

The enemy's camp nas stayfed some time before Ypres, but on Saturday last they lodged at Gassel, attd it is thought will draw towards Gravelines, to cut off some few troops of the French which are said to be about Calais, before they join with his Highness's forces ; some think they will assay to fight with his camp, which lies between two rivers, ( without' all danger of the enemy, as is here reported. It Is believed that some new succour is come to the Prince of Parma, to the number of 2,000 horse and 4,000 foot, who are said to have been received 9 days past in the country of Luxembourg.—Bruges, SO July 1682. Add. $®d&: i p.

SO.

207.

lBol% & FI.XVLW.]

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BABTOiiJMBO SPASAFOBA to WAfcSmgttAM^

tour inbom courtesy and kindness' urges me to write and tell you my miimte obligation to you, and my hope to serve you on every oceasicttt. Xou will hear from hence how we expect the king on the 10th of August. He has sent four Ior4s to-entertain the ambassador ui the meantime ; with whom we speak Latin, French, Kalian,. GeriBBn, not omitting to inform you .thai; m do our duty po fer ^possible to dmtkiag to the health of the Queen of England, the King and qnwn of Denmark, *md individually jto that of our

ELIZABETH.

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A.D. 1582. :

individual Mentis; thai of your honour, which I pray yon to accept as cordially as -we do it.—Elginore, 80 July 1582. Add. Endd. ltd. 1 p. [Denmark L 16.]

July 30.

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to WALSINGHAH.

This morning 1 have been in the camp, which lieg' two English miles irom Dunkirk, and as far from ' Bergen.' I find it greatly at controversy, especially between the -French and the English, which causes arise upon the spoiling of a great * burrough' called ' Houndscott,' of marvellous wealth, and inhabited chiefly by gentlemen, who • relieved Monsieur's eamp -with much victuals, and besides paid •weekly to the Prince of Orange and the States, as I am informed, 2,000 guilders. The spoil was first committed by the frenchmen, and continued by the Englishmen. Today they put themselves in arms against the Frenchmen, to be revenged of them; but by the good discretion of Mr Bowlaml Yorke, Captain Gainsford, and Captain Salsbury, with the consent of M. 'Deperes' all was pacified. Count Mansfeld is come to the camp with 1,500 horse. There are not bj estimation above 8,000 soldiers in the camp of all sorts, M. Eochepo cornmands all in the camp? M. 'Deperes' is his superintendent. M. ' Shamuell' is colonel of 4 ensigns of Frenchmen'in Dunkirk. All our Bflgliah eolonels are from the camp: some of them are with Monsieur at ' Bfidgia' aM with the Prince. It" is also most credibly iiiforraed that Monsieur and the Prince of Orange should both have been poisoned by the praetiee of one Salcedo, an Italian captain*who was ' entertained ' by Monsieur to serve him with 200 horse. He received secretly from the Prince of Parma 4,000 crowns to ' advance his band with bravery.' It is reported that the Count of Bgmont's brother, in spite of the dignities •which Monsieur had bestowed on him, was contributing to it, and two of Monsieur's gentlemen.—Dunkirk, last of July, 1582. P.8.—The enemy as I hear draws towards Ypres, Add,

Aug. 1.

JOHN GOBHAIS

209.

Endd.

1 p.'

{Boll, and FL XVI, 91.]

COBHAM to

This king is to depart shortly from Fontainebleau, as it appears by the opinion of the Court and the present show Of some preparations. But however he resolves, the young queen departs about the 6th insi to the baths of Bourbonnois, and the Queen Mother has as I hear appointed to return to' Baint-Maur with the Qnesn oi Navarre. The king eonfe&ues in the purpose.of changing sundry governors in his provinces/so that the Duke of Mpntpensaer has given ttp Ha government of Britanny to the Duke of M«r«(Burf tvbo took Ms oath for it .this last week. And because the king finds it very difficult to removed, Marshal JfoTiteior«ncy from his government io Languedoc,

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. having intended to place 'Marshal Joyeuse there, now as it seems he seeks to bestow on Joyeuse the governments which Meilleraye -and d'O have in Normandy. The king makes it to be known likewise ( to have' a desire to compound with the King of Navarre for his governments, with intent to bestow them on the Duke of Epernon. Thus you may see that as well in time of peace as of war there are shufflings and changes within this realm. As for the affairs of Monsieur I have understood this, that the Icing has given leave to M. Puygaillard to repair to his brother in •' ' Flanders to serve him in Ms counsel and matters of war. His Majesty has likewise, as they inform me, delivered under his hand': writing to Marshal Biron a warrant showing therein Ms liking ' ? . the marshal should repair to* Monsieur. It has moreover ' been assured me' that he has performed the like for the same purpose to the Prince Dauphin. • The king has lately, as I understand, sent letters to the governors , of the towns and places on his frontiers for the restraining oi transporting out of his realm any kind of victuals without special • • licence from him or Ms brother. The king has within these two days given orders that Giammetti who has taken the salt in farm should deliver to M. Bellievre 2,000 crowns,, to be disbursed to the 2,000 Swiss who are to come for Monsieur's service, _••'.'.' The king has appointed that six galleys should be ' framed, fashioned, and well-appointed ' to be ready at Marseilles upon all A.».

1582.

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His Majesty has lately given to the Princess of Conti, the Prin
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By letters from Spain they write that the eldest son of the Duke of Brag&nza will marry the Emperor's youngest sister, who was lately brought into Portugal by the Empress her mother.

By letters from Geneva it is certified that all the Swiss Cantons have ' accorded' in their Diet lately held at Baden, to assist Geneva, Whereon, they sent a. courier on the 10th ult. with a dispatch, • signifying to the Duke of Savoy that if he continued his hostilities, they'would move themselves to repulse him from those places he held about Geneva. Meantime the Duke proposed to have surprised • the town by sealing in the night j whereon they of the town, being

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ELIZABETH.

209

1582. advertised, took counsel of the captains, by whom they were persuaded not to await the secret approach of the enemy, but rather, to make open preparations and publish their discovery- Whereof the duke having knowledge did not permit his soldiers to scale the walls as he had purposed. It is conjectured thereon that the duke has very great intelligence within the town, since he yet continues obstinately his enterprise, as is signified by letters of the 24th ult. So now it needs must appear shortly what the Swiss will 'pretend' to do for them of Geneva. I have been by very good means informed that when the Duke of Retz was in the Marquisate of Saluees last year, the Duke of Savoy discovered to him his intention for the enterprise of Geneva; at .which time the Duke of Retz promised him the king's good allowance for that matter. And the Duke of Beta through his persuasions-' compassed' the Queen Mother to write her favourable letters to the Duke of Savoy, ahowing that she and the king very well allowed of his praotiee against that town. -

They advertise from Italy that 5,000 Italian foot have passed towards Flanders, and 1,600 horse, and 5,000 Spaniards; besides there are now in levying 60 ensigns more of Italians and Almans, So thus King Philip 'pretends to prove' with forces to expel the Duke of Brabant. I have received advertisements from ' Augusta ' that on July 8 the Emperor caused to be read certain articles at the first assembly of the States of the Empire, in which for the first was contained the consideration of the troubles in Flanders, with the revolt of Brabant and these countries from the obedience of the King of Spam to the French. The second article continued the • having jn deliberation' the means for the defence of Hungary, 'in respect it was conceived' the Turk had madepeaee with the Persian. The third was to. wish the princes of the Empire to consider his Majesty's charges for the maintaining of the garrisons in Hungary, Croatia and the frontier towns towards the Turk. It is understood that through the earnest persuasions of Cardinal Madruzzi nothing was for the present permitted to be moved concerning religion and marriages of bishops, or for the choosing of Lutheran canons in the cathedral churches ; which would seem to be requisite, considering the use of both the religions is suffered throughout the Empire.—Paris, 1 Aug. 1582. Add, Endd. 6 pp. {France VIII. 1.]

Aug. 1.

210.

COBHAJI to

I was visited yesterday by the Lord of Arbrothe and-informed by him that advice" has lately gone hence from the Duke of GSmse and those others who manage the Scottish practices, that they think it convenient for the king to 'command into ward' the Earl of Lindsay with certain others noted by them to be chief actors at the death of David the Italian; whereby he will not only gi?6 contentment to the Scottish Queen, but malce those fast who are chief favourers of the Religion, And further they counsel the king to 1SO77

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210 A.D.1582.

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FOEEIGN PAPEBS.

.-,.,. -^ bereave all those with the Earl of Lindsay of their lives, with expedition. They here have notice that the earl is an especial person inclined to the Queen. It is likewise written from Scotland that the Earl of Lindsay has of late used very stout speeches with the Duke of Lenox in their king's presence. My lord of Arbrothe has requested me to signify this much presently, whereby the Earl of Lindsay may be warned to avoid this danger. The Bishop of Glasgow's kinsman Archibald is gone with this malicious message to Scotland, so that_ if through his Majesty's providence those that are of the Beligion are not succoured, the fire may be kindled too nigh her house; as appears somewhat by. this other advice, whereby it is discovered that the Duke of Lenox has intelligence with the Cardinal of Como, the Pope's secretary, whose letters pass through the hands of the Bishop of Glasgow. They moreover inform me that the Duke of Lenox has had waiting on him as a suitor a Scotch Jesuit, who passed from Scotland towards Rome and is to return to the duke. The Duke of Guise ' pretends' to send two Jesuits to the Scottish king. I have been informed that the advocate ' Eosseau/ lately departed towards England, to repair to his mistress the Scottish Queen, has received from the nuncio a brief sent from the Pope, which is to be delivered safely and assuredly into the said queen's hands. _ It has been reserved in the nuncio's keeping, awaiting this or a like occasion. My lord of Arbrothe has informed me that his brother Lord Claude wrote to him to know his liking, whether he would be contented to enter into amity with the Earl of ( Anguisshe'; wherewith the lord of Arbrothe is displeased his brother made any difficulty or doubt therein, because he has forgiven and clearly forgotten all those envies past, and hopes to join the Earl of Angus in the cause of Religion; and so to ' run all one fortune,' which disposition he is desirous may be made known to the earl, as also that when he thinks good to write to him, he will answer the earl with all such assurance of friendship as may be to his good liking; whereof he presently informed Mr. Archibald Douglas when he was in these parts, having lastly now more amply enlarged his mind to the E a r l ' Bod well' at Rouen, where they conferred of their affairs. Now again my lord of Arbrothe with all zealous words assured me oi his fidelity and devotion to her Majesty. I thought it convenient you should be advertised of these Scottish affairs at once. I have dealt for the furtherance of the deliverance of Sfr Alderman Osborne's and Staper's ship, stayed in Malta, as you may perceive by the copies sent herewith. . Besides that, "Sute is otherwise recommended by the servants and friends of 'M. de Eois, with letters, and thoroughly instructed to good purpose. He departed on the 27th ult. in post. In which cause I have done what I ™W$, to the intent those merchants should find themselves beholden tto you, on whose command I was moved to use what means I could devise,

ELIZABETH.

211

A.D, 1582.

The merchants of Bouen, Morys and Hopton, are escaped from prison and have received such favour as their cause and this place may suffer, so that their Mends are for the same beholden to you; 'having' employed my means extraordinarily on your recommendation of their cause. Mr ' Bourham' has delivered me your letters, and now this morning I depart towards Fontainebleau, to have access to their Majesties tomorrow, as I am appointed by M, Pinart. With, the . negotiation I shall there pass, I will return your servant.—Paris, 1 August 1582. Enclosed in above :—

July 22.

2 1 1 . (a) The FBBNGH KING to the POPE. It has come to our knowledge that a ship called the Bark Mainoldes, owned by subjects of the Queen of England, ' Duvarde' Osborne, alderman, and Richard * de Stapher/ merchants, encountered on her return from Tripoli in the neighbourhood of Malta, captured and taken to that island by certain galleys, has since been taken possession of and stayed by your Holiness's inquisitors, without the master or any of his people having in any way whatever insulted or abused the inquisitors or others. Nevertheless they cannot get set free (avoir .main levie) by these inquisitors, who say that it is necessary to have your commands and pleasure therein. And whereas it seems to us that the stay of the said ship might have very prejudicial results, and that the Queen has written to us of it, and she might on other like occasions show her recognition of any pleasure done her, besides that it is an interruption to the freedom of trade, we have thought good to write to your Holiness, and beg you to give the necessary commands to your officers and inquisitors at Malta and elsewhere, that they may set free the persons and goods in the vessel, and leave her to go on with her traffic; and you will have done what is much, to the purpose and very necessary for the public weal of trade, and will bo very acceptable to us, as we will testify when occasions offer; as you will hear further from our cousin and ambassador there, M. de Foix.—Fontainebleau, 23 July 1582, (Signed) Tour devoted son the King of France, Henry: (and below) de Neufville. Copy. Endd. Fr.

I ! I ! | j [. : ; ;

-My 19-

(&) The DCEE OF JOYEUSE to M. vm Foix. Although I am sure you will have sufficient- regard for what you know to be the king's wish, I have thought it good to add ft word to the letter which he has written you on behalf of the ambassador of England to farther the restitution of a certain English ship which has been stayed at Malta, as you will hear more at large, and to beg you to make use of all the means and interest you have to satisfy those who are pursuing this object, and M them know particularly that my request on this occasion has not been useless to themj for the desire I have to be of service to the ambassador,

212

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1582.

' . . . besides the reason there is to give hjm no occasion to complain.— Fontainebleau, 19 July 1582. (Signed) Anne de Joyeuse. Copy. Endd. Fr.

July 12.

(c) The FRENCH KING to M. DE PiBERBCotrET. The ambassador of the Queen of England has informed me that M. d'Armeville, brother of M. de Bacqueville, equipped for war a great ship of 80 tons burden, of which Capt. Thomas is captain and one Odo Grosian is master, and two_ skiffs of 80 and 23 tons, the crews being from Dieppe and Saint-Valery-en-Caux, and that . M. de Beaumont, a religious, living at Touques, furnished them •with victuals. With these vessels Armeville has captured and plundered divers English ships ou the coast of England, and says he means to rob all the English ships lie can take, on. the ground that an English ship should have hindered him from pillaging a Portuguese that he had taken, which is not a sufficient cause for doing such offence to the English. Moreover, I find it very strange, seeing the great and close amity that there is between me and the Queen of England, _our realms, and subjects. Wherefore. I pray you diligently to inform yourself as to the depredations which d'Armeville!s vessels have committed upon the English, and have sucli justice and satisfaction done to them as is suitable to the good peace and amity which I have with the Queen; to this end causing the said ship and skiffs to be stayed if they may be found.— "Fontainebleau, 12 July 1582." (Signed) Henry (and beneath) Pinart.

A.D.

Copy. Add. Fr. {except last words). The whole add. Endd. 4 and 1 and \ and l # p . 2] Aug. 1.

p

{France Till.

212. HonA.no PALLAVICIKO to WALSINGHAM. I received from Mr Burnham yours of the 24 ult. and heard what he had orders to tell me by word oi mouth. I may tell you that from all I can see and hear here, I cannot make up my mind whether the king wishes in earnest to help Monsieur in his enterprise. On the one hand, those who desire it hope that by degrees he will enter into it wholly, either by choice, or by the importunity of those who advise him that way, or of necessity. They interpret this journey of BelKevre and Bmlart. to Monsieur a& something in their favour, and that at least they are taking him messages (reccatti) and promises of money, which some think the king has been induced to lend him on his appanages, or is availing himself of that pretest. The Queen Mother they say is very well disposed, and is doing for Monsieur air that IB in her power; not so much that the enterprise pleases her, as for her son's sake, and for the designs she may have in her own private enterprise of Portugal. Un the other side, the king's natural inclination to avoid war, the little understanding he ha& with Ms brother, the nature of the enterprise, m every way opposed to ins injunction (instimto), and very difficult to get any immediate profit from; and also many oi

•

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. ELIZABETH,

A.D.1581 .

his chief favourites who find it good to keep him in the humours of the life lie has led hitherto, frighten them in such a way that they are always doubtful of obtaining anything that may avail, or in any time to be of service to Monsieur in his extreme necessity. In confirmation of this; it is seen that there is no talk of any captain going, other than Fervaques. The Prince Dauphin advances very slowly ; the others have not in fact the men, whom report has from the first much exaggerated. Wherefore I do not see that there ia anything either certain or well founded on which they can openly proceed more than what has been done up to now. The procuration for Mr Somers or others, which it was desired I should have left here, I neither eonld nor should have left without express order, and not a word of it was said to me by anyone. Ii on this account it is necessary (occorre) that I should hasten my coming, I will do it at once at the first notice from you. In the affair of Mr Birboom, I had already heard of the protest, and that the obligations had never been discharged *(? pasmti) because you had not received the promised satisfaction from those of the Low Countries, wherewith I was, much displeased. As for the Flemings I think that making it felt will move them more than any words. It is enough, for Birboom if next December when my bonds are renewed his are included with a like share, to take rant with mine. It is so new that he. cannot refuse to wait that time, and I doubt not that he will do it, if you will formally promise them to join Mm with me, under my name. I have told Mr Burnham that that money will be ready at your pleasure. When I return to Paris I will help him to choose either clothes or bracelets, according to which we meet with the best; and if we find nothing to the purpose, and you would like to avail yourself of two pieces bought by me these days past to make a present to her Majesty, I will prefer your satisfaction and service to my own desire, as I am always ready to expend myself to do anything that may be agreeable*to you.—JFontainebleau, 1 August 1582. Add, Aug. 1.

Endd.

Ltal

1J pp. \France VIIL2.]

2 i 3 . "A copy of the action which passed in the battle fought between the Frenchmen and Spaniards, as ii was sent to the Spanish Agent here." Pierre de la SToy, brother to M. de Gtr«sol Franeoiu Fusto, brother to M. de Hersaus Olaudio de A.rdalla Antonio de Coblal Mensawsy Pierre Jubin «

Jorge de Boas Pierre de Mearibay Olatjdio de Xiusq. Bone de S. Martin Antonio Bor del Miguel de Brufa Gulierme MeQ»rt Limesee

Oaptaia Jswnes a&rtindeTabelli

Pierre Leprobor Aiessie
Jacobo de Lun

• '

Er*B5oie Pease

Meuseroy Bcmdios Gamer Matfaeo Puy Pierre de Manban Janberdeo 3"ae surgeon in efaef (protmedice), Moa. Abaham Jp

Carlos de

214 A.D.

1?OEEIGN PAPERS. 1582(

. _. . r Erancois de Xanton, the Mos. Antoine de Busio Saubat de Lieecis [gy. Stench priest [Bus], captain of inSauvat] MatheoLupi faa*ry Tomas depone EenitJorga Pierre Jorqueti \_qy. Pierre de Calamartier Eone Bovnon Porguet], captain of Luis de Neust Nicolas Yitar infantry Claude Nainoet Thomas de Laveros Claudio de Plomanen, Doubat, captain ot mJuan de Bruzmaa lieutenant to M. de fantry Robert de Bauaesert Beaumont Eliatde Sayan Gni de Xinhusu Lapuele Ane de lreville

Besides these there were prisoners, between mariners and soldiers, 313, The tilled and wounded in his Majesty's atmy on the day of the battle:— Wounded. ,. 70 I n t h e galleon S, Martin, which served a s flagship 74 I n t h e galleon 8. Mattheot besides some w b o r e m a i n e d i n her scorched b y a firework, including t h e p u r v e y o r general, in t h e face. 52 I n t h e Maria de Gtdpmcoa ship - ' 28 I n t h e & Vtcmte, ship - - - - 17 I n t h e 5. Maria de Jaar s h i p 5 I n t h e Buenaventwa ship 27 I n t h e Juana ship 7 l a t h e Catalina ship -• - ' 24 I n Oquendo'e ship 16 I n t h e 8 . A n t o n i o de B u m Viage s h i p 13 l a t h e Miserieordia ship 18 In the Our Lady of the Penado Fanoia ship 7 In the S. Miguel ship ~563

D e ad ,e -

16 40 •

. 45 27 5 ^ 1 3 , \& 17 1 •' 6 25 30 224

Thus there were in his Majesty's fleet 558 wounded, 224 killed; 777 in all. The Marquis considering that there being good> peace and brotherhood between his Majesty and the Most Christian King, this force of all these adventurers had sailed from France on behalf of Don Antonio, Prior of Ocrate, with the mind to plunder Ms Majesty's fleets of both the Indies, and intending to take possession of his ieles and seignories, as they had essayed to do of the Isle of St. Michael, and that they had committed other robberies and piracies, and were liable to the penalty of their crime and the common offence caused by them in contravening the public peace sworn maintained and preserved between the two Crowns and their subjects, declared all the prisoners enemies of the common repose and welfare, disturbers of commerce, fautors of his Majesty's rebels, and as such, and as public corsairs, rebels and pirates, ordered the Auditor-general of the fleet that for their chastisement, and as a warning to others like them, he should execute upon them the penalty of natural death, upon the nobles by beheading, and upon the others, above the age of seventeen, by hanging. Having ordered.this on August 1 of this year, it was executed the same day. This report the Marquis of Santa Gruz sent to his Majesty by Bon Pedro Bonce {de, qy, Ponee] de Leon, his nephew* who left

ELIZABETH. A.D.

215

1582. Villafranca in the Iale of St. Michael's on the 4th of the same, and reached Lishon on the 24th, St. Bartholomew's day, in the morning. In a Spanish liand; first pcwt apparently musing, Endd. 8p. l%pp. [Spain I. 101.]

Aug. 1.

214.

MARTIN COUCHE to WALBBJGBAM.

This hearer, Mr "Weston, having obtained your letter of favour to the general Mr Nome, which he delivered accordingly; and forasmuch as his suit being somewhat tedious, upon some cause weighing upon his own estate, he, understanding of my being here, made me acquainted with his determination, the rather because he finding me to be one of the number o! yours [sic]. • He perceiving the general to be troubled in many affairs, both for the 'answering' of the late tumults of his countrymen, as also for the redressing of great abuses which are daily offered us by the French nation, thought it good to forbear 'importing of the general any further in his suit, and to become a new suitor to you in your favourable letters, no less in his preferment now than before. This bearer thinks it most convenient to have a commission absolute for a company of foot from the Prince of Orange; so that it may stand with your good liking to afford him your letters of recommendation to the Prince in that behalf, wherein you will not only benefit him, but also myself, your poor servant, to whom ne has promised the leading of his company as bis(leavetennante. —X rom the leager by Dunkirk, 1 Aug. 1582. P.S.—Fpr any new news there is none otherwise than as this bearer can impart. Add. Endd. lp. [Hott. and M. XVI. 92.] Aug. 2.

215.

W. WAAD to WALSIHGHAM.

I delivered your letters accordingly, which were very w g g ^ affo his best eceived and thee narty shows all readiness to afford

SfaneTany i f u p t occasion ftSfaneTany occasion. The ambassador Went me a divers times to him to ' Copenhagen,' where h > « £ » « « , lately he sent for me to give his lordship to ^f was first solicited by the Chancellor and after great instance, to deal with my lord for & L w o n i e s that the king understands to be HI the

a:

SA'»^^i

^

2L6

tfOBEt&S

A.D.1682.

PAYEES. .

,

„

,

the king could frame his mind to receive it for the further honouring of him with the perfect inauguration, as other foreign princes and ' of' his predecessors had' done; hia lordship's commission ' limiting ' Mm how to proceed .therein. Wherefore the said party will use all persuasions to bring the king thereto. But in case he persists in. his unwillingness, that then, even at the very instant when the robes are to be presented, the king, not liking them, may, as it were finding in himself some indisposition, desire my lord to hold him excused for the receiving of them for that time, being sorry that he does not find himself in case to perform solemnly all that is requested, and receiving them, give them over. The garter and the collar he is content to use. In this country we learn that those who are ' of calling' do not put off their upper garments 'in company of any presence.' And when this King received the Order from King Charles by the hands of the Rhinegrave and the French ambassador now resident here, in the presence of the Duke of .Saxony, he could not possibly be brought to put on the robes for any other than (?) Through, this mediation this party will have better means to deal ' with the king in such sort as you wish, which he conceives to be very reasonable, and in equity to be yielded to by the Mng. He tells me plainly, as I have generally heard, that only the counsel of the Treasurer drove the king to that hard dealing with our merchants—a man evil spoken of everywhere, of mean calling and no great capacity other than in getting and gathering in ; yet so . possesses the 'king's mind that he usurps authority over all the ehief officers in the realm. So the officers retire* for such as have contested with him have got nothing thereby but disgrace. Besides, it is noted in him to favour the Spaniard, to whom at his persuasion the king sent this winter congratulations and offer of assistance, slenderly accepted. He shews himself also not to be well-affeeted to matters of the Low Countries, ' a s ' they proceed in favour of the Prince, nor towards our countrymen. There have been who have borne the king in hand that my lord's coming is to tie him in some alliance for the defence of the Duke of Anjou in the Low Countries and so to embark him in some dangerous action-1 We hear likewise tales expressly made ' to give us to think upon, so that I see there wants not in these parts men of fashion, who easily move the disposition of this country, inclined 'to jealousy and suspicion. But I doubt not of the king's most ' acceptable acceptance' of the honour her Majesty vouchsafes him: . which, God willing, will bring forth good effects. He protests with. earnest words a singular love towards her, above all other princes. The Duke of Anjou sent hither three months since to-the ambassador, to deal in his name with the king to join with him in some good amity.* Whereto the king discreetly answered that in contracting witti him as Duke of Brabant he would make himself Judge of the greatest eause that eonld happen between princes and their subjects, having received no offence from the King of Spain. Bat he could be content to have some goqd intelligence and league with him as a brother of France, and to permit all traffic to those of

ELIZABETH. •

•

the Low Countries through all his dominions. Which being all one n matter and effect, though differing in form, there is looked for daily an ambassador from His Highness to conclude the amity; which -would concur fitly at this time with her Majesty's ambassador. We are here far off from foreign intelligence; yet we understand that the Turk and the Muscovite are both dead. I trust the third tyrant, worse than them [sic], will haste after them. The party that by your appointment I confer with has no opinion of French .fidelityj and thinks verily that the good intelligence between her Majesty and his Highness, which has been BO wisely conducted, has, if not broken off altogether, at least abated, and kept at bay, the point of some notable conspiracy. The Jesuits play their parts in these quarters, passing daily to ; Sweveland,' and nestle apace in Poland, I write you but so much as may serve to render aecount how I serve his lordship by your directions; knowing that from him you are perfectly and particularly advised. And hard it were for me to forbear writing to you, having during my absence abroad no other means to remember the duty I owe you, to whom I am as infinitely bound as I vow my whole service. God preserve you to the better preservation of her Majesty aad those countries, which jn despite of all men's malice enjoy in so troublesome a world the sweet fruits of a good and wise government.—Elsinore, 2 August 1582. P.S.—I have sought for horses for you, both at Copenhagen and at a fair 16 miles beyond, but doubt I shall not be able to provide them to your liking; then will let them alone. Add, EntU, 4£pj)t [Denmark I. 18.] Aug.

2

216.

THOMAS LONGSTON to WALSIKGHAM.

According to my last, sent by our post June 28, Mr Stephen Leeieur must have at least crowns more, whereof I have paid him 200 guilders, and the rest he must have at his return from the Prince of Parma; towards whence he is gone today, and ' supposes' to be here again within 10 or 12 days. This morning betimes there came here news of the loss of 'lyre,' a thing of great importance to this town, ' and' much amazes not only these inhabitants but also troubles us in respect botfa oi om sales and of our safety. It was taken by intelligence between the enemy and a Scottish captain named 'Symple' [ScmpdlJ, who had charge there, pretending in show to go abroad for booty in me evening; and in the night brought m the enemy, These succinctlosses of towns, without help given by the Duke and otherwise, greatly discourage. Tou can best judge what is like to f°How. boa save His Church and preserve His people, for to trust in maa is vain and accursed.'—Antwerp, 2 Aug. 1£82, " Add. BnU. f p. [Boll, and Fl. XVL 9Sj

218

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A.D.1582 Aug.

3-

• 217-

MARTIN COUCHE to WALSINGHAM1.

. •

I send bereinclosed such new news as is here to be spoken of, desiring your pardon forasmuch as since the ending of this late skirmish, I was ' put to understand' of one Mr Weston's departure, •who has used 9ome speeches to you, saying that ITontigny was taken; but in truth there is no such matter otherwise than I hare laid down in this particular." In respect whereof I humbly crave your pardon in his behalf.—From the leager by Dunkirk, 3. Aug. 1582. . Oeeurrents, sent with the above.—

I doubt lest I trouble you with overmuch writing, supposing the news which I address to you.is always too far behindhand eftsoons, in respect whereof I humbly crave your pardon. This day, the enemy lying within two leagues of this town, between whom and us lies & town called 'Bargus' [Berghes], we could do no less for our credit's sake than to sally out with our force, being notwithstanding in respect to them but a handful. The Frenchmen had the forenoon's service, who did very well. About 12 o'clock most of the English nation went forth for their better supply, to the number of 200 pikes, armed, and 600 shot. Coming the-further side of the town of ' Bargus,' the enemy lying in such a manner that they saw all our forces, and in what sort we drew ourselves toward them, albeit they had placed several ambuscadoes as well of horse as of foot [sic] ; and so skirmished four hours. In fine; the enemy's horse being in ambuseado, (sallied themselves^1 out, being 4 cornets or thereabouts ; whereupon one of our companies of horse approached near them, and so joined together, and 'brake eaeh other of their lances' most valiantly, some of their horses slain.. Being not far off from the 'battle' where our pikes stood, a place very strait, our companies of horse wheel themselves about, among which certain of the enemy's horse had gotten themselves among the rest, being pell mell one among the other. The 'battle/ perceiving their retreat, 'made a ward,' and so suffered them to enter, being among our companies to the number of 16 horsemen, or thereabout. In the fray most of them were slain, reserving five or sis, whereof one, being a very brave man, named himself Montigny; and having MB beaver on his head took him for no other. But as soon as his beaver ' being ' taken off, being very well known not to be Montigny, he denied his former speeches, alleging he named himself so for the better security of bis. life, and named, himself Captain de 'Balloduc,' captain of two companies of horse. Eowland Josh}, sergeant-major of this field, had his horse slain under him, &nd himself shot in the leg. Captain Williams, being in the same service, took the colours of a comet and brought it [sic] away.

ELIZABETH. t.D.1582.

Aug

8.

219

Captain Thomas Wilson, under whose' ensign I ' rest myself! to serve for a while, this captain served most bravely, and had the leading of the ' battle,' being always in the vanguard, and the last man that made retreat. All this I saw, being in the vanguard of the ( battle' as one of the armed pikemen, instead of a better; whereof I presume the bolder to make certificate of the same. Add. Endd. & and 1J pp. \Holl and Fl. JVI. 94.] 2 1 8 . MAUVISSIEEE to WALSINGHAM.

You are too truthful, honourable, and businesslike in all things, and as regards- M. du Buisseau, he says that he will testify to the queen, his mistress, that there is only one ' M. de "Walsingham' m the world. I think him an honest man, and you will have no occasion for suspicion or complaint of him. It seems to me, subject to your better judgement, that the more courtesy the Queen your mistress uses towards the Queen of Scots, being so near to her, it will bind her and keep her in the way to do some good with her son, rather for the conservation of this state than to cause any trouble there. The Queen of Scots let me know through Mr Beton, brother to 'M. de Glasco,' yjba died lately m 1 ranee, that she would ask only a single favour of the Queen. It would be to set her at honourable liberty in one of her houses, in which she would live as if in religion, quite shut off from the world (and as secluded as possible); and in the case of her doing or attempting anything disagreeable to the Queen, she would bei willing to die at onee, and to be guarded in such manner as should be thought nt. If after 14 years of penitence it could- befall her to see England France, and Scotland in good understanding, we should have no . concern with our neighbours. That is what I for my part have always desired. Thank you for the passport for N • Nicolson who is a Saint i k if you knew k hs good good llife ife m g Niooleon; and I think his, esteem him much, and what an enemy he as of . ^ J ^ V w X that at last he will be wise in all things. Please kiss her Majesty hands for me if you see afitoccasion.—London, 8 August 16BA Add. Aug.

4.

Endd.

Fr. 2 pp.

[France

^

2X9. JOHN COBHAM to

Since the writing of my first letter to you, y o , ° ^^ ^ f c^ > ike h t 11 i n off the th French F n c h ghouW ghouW depaa-t depaa-tfor forBrabant, Brabant, OB OB camp tthat 11 ensigns the 1st inst. Lagarde's regiment were embarked for ftagai ftag Upsone alim ^ 7 **» » *°S?_J li Barrough/ B h / It is i reported td that that the the <<^7 *°S?Jt t ^ZZ from Monsieur's soldiers within two leagues of ^irough. Ua the 2nd landed here 300 soldiers fi-om Calais. I ^ ™ * J L j £ old soldiers, they are so well W ™ * ' personages.' Also today the enemy came J miles af the camp, and dose under the walls »* were compelled to retire by the means of C

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-

A.».1582.

Captain Williams. The 3rd inst. 10 ensigns more of French came here from Calais, very well appointed and very brave soldiers. Our Englishmen and French have today skirmished with the enemy, aud God has given them the victory, for Capt. Williams and Capt. Yorke showed themselves so valiant that M. 'Ballanson' is taken prisoner and brought to Bergues. He is colonel of 15 cornets of horse. His horge one Matthew Morgan has, audhia gilt coat; one Strange has his a word and gauntlet. If he had not given it out that he was M. ' Mountane,! he had been slain. He is a man with grey hairs, and an old servitor. And generally our Englishmen, have got great praise of the French for their good service, but especially the pikemen. In that conflict Capt. Williams's brother was slain, Oapt. Yorke hurt in the foot and shoulder with a bullet, aiid divers more of the English were slain, bat many more of the enemy. I was so bold in my other letter to crave your licence to ship hither 20 or SO tuns of beer, to help to bear my charges here. If you will send your letter to the Customer of Sandwich, I have taken order to have it sent to me speedily .^-Dunkirk, 4 Aug. 1582. Add. Endd. lp. Aug. 5.

[Holl. ami M. XVI. 95.]

2 2 0 . STOKES to WALsreaHAM. My last was July 29, at which time I thought I should have written you this time of some good piece of service by Monsieur's camp; but as yet nothing is done, nor nothing will the eamp do, till they be paid. In my last I wrote you of the great murdering treason against Monsieur and the Prince of Orange, which God revealed here in this town; 'amongst which'was an Italian, whose name is Franeeseo Baza. He had' been on the rack, and confessed the whole order . of this 'pretended murder,' and the nest night after, this Italian killed himself' with a knife in the prison. Notwithstanding, considering he was one of those that should have done this murder, he was drawn, hanged, and quartered, and bis head and four quarters are set oa the town gates; and the rest that are in prison shall pass that way or it be long. By letters that Monsieur has received from France this week, the like murder was ' pretended 'there against the French king. Also, as yesterday, three {Albernoyses ' or Italians were brought to this town prisoners from Monsieur's camp; of whom it is said they are' of the council' of this murdering treason. Some say they should have betrayed Monsieur's camp; for they served there and had charge. camp lies still in their old place beside Dunkirk, and siill they give out speeches that their tarrying there is for the reafc of Monsieur's forces from France; so the camp lies there, and does nothing but spend time and spoil the country, this week they have burnt' Hounscott,' whfok was an open village and very rich, and it is said that the rest of the open village^ will be jdl burnt.

ELIZABETH. A.B.1582.

221

•

Monsieur's camp, and his other soldiers in towns, call for their pay, and money is very scant here in the country, so that Monsieur continues in great pain for money to pay his soldiers. Notwithstanding, speeches are given out of money that is sent him this week from England and Prance; which it is thought are given out to prevent a worse matter. Last Wednesday at 7 P.M. Count Hollock came here to the Court in post from Friesland. It seems he came for some men to be sent thither, for the enemy has on a sudden gathered 3,000 or 4,000 men-there, and has besieged a town in Priesland; so that Count Hollock tarried but four hours, and then returned back to Friesland .in post. It is said that M. de la Garde's regiment oi French that are in the camp will he shipped from Dunkirk for Friesland. At Meenen there served the Lord ' GreeV son of Scotland; who with four more Scotch gentlemen, this week went to Gorttriek and gave themselves over to the enemv, who received them with great joy and gladness; so it ia feared more will follow. Monsieur and the Prince of Orange take the loss of Lierre very heavily; which town a Scotch captain that served there, for a revenge against Col. Stewart and also for want of their pay, delivered to the enemy; a loss very grievously taken in the Court. . The Prince of Parma lies at Tournay in great heaviness that his murdering treason is come to light. His camp lies some part beside Poperinghe, and the rest are crept between Monsieur's camp and Berghes; and there on Friday last at 5 in the morning they fell into a skirmish together, which continued 5 hours, and at the end the enemy was forced to retire, and many slain and hurt on both sides. Thus I have given you to understand of all things current at present. And surely there is a great sudden misliMng of some matters at the Court and ' Council estate,' for they are there m some heaviness, and I doubt the occasions eome oat of France. * e s te rday on a sudden M. de Sainte-Aldegonde was sent m great haste to Antwerp. The enemy grows daily very strong. Money wants on this side to pay the soldiers. Monsieur's forces come slowly on. No order, obedience, nor government in the camp. So I see a great sudden ieariulness among them here.. God send it better.—Bruges, 5 Aug. •

1582,

Z>.£.—Letters are come to the Court of 1,200 Frenchmen arrived at Dunkirk, who came by ship. Enclosed I send you a few lines in print, which eun* tot But it is in Dutch, and it would bave been in Ewmcii, if M. de • Aldegonde had not departed so suddenly. Tins hook is the order of the handling of this treason. Add, JSndd. Spjj. {Boll. and ffi, AT/. 96.]

222

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.», 1582, Aug. 6. '

221.

JOHN NGBBIB to WALSINGHAM.

I suppose my ill-willers, who have very busily endeavoured to procure my discredit in these parts, have hot spared to do the like at home with you and others, and to that end have not forborne to write many untruths, especially touching the late mutiny among the soldiers of my regiment; imputing the only cause of it to some hard usage offered tff them by me, and * namely ' for withholding their pay. These their slanderous reports I have disproved, and have purged myself to his Highness and the Prince, by showing them a note, signed by the States, of all such sums of money as were accorded to me, and in what sort they should be ,paid and distributed among the soldiers. So they both hold^ themselves folly satisfied with my answer, and perceive the mutiny to have proceeded of some other occasion, and in all likelihood from those persons who have sought to make me the author of it, as I trust to make known to all the world very shortly.

„

Meantime I have thought good to dispatch this messenger to you in haste to let you know that last Thursday night news came to this town from Antwerp that the enemy had surprised the town of Lierre0 by intelligence, as the first bruit goes, with the Scotchmen there in garrison. Having caused this much to be written to you, I was suddenly commanded by his Highness to come to the camp, upon advertisement that the enemy was lodged very near us. Being arrived, the first news I met with were that yesterday the Prince, of Parma passing before the town of Berghes with his army, divers troops of ours, both horse and foot, made some brave skirmishes with them. Some 100 English pikes were led out to ' make the retreat/ towards the enemy. Some of our horse offered to charge, and about 20 English gentlemen performed it and broke their lances, the rest made a sudden alta. Certain 'Borgonion' cornets, led by the brother to tbe Marquis de Vareinbon, seeing our men's sudden 8 tay> charged them very roundly, and indeed put them to a hasty retreat. Our shot, seeing our horsemen fly, made no less haste. Our pikes, being led by Capt. Huntlay, and placed in a strait, for all the flight of the rest stood fast; and having opened themselves to let our horse pass, the brother to the marquis, -with two comets, and divers other of his companies, passed with them. Then our pikes shut themselves, so that theywere furiously charged, and the captain with many of the foremost thrown to the ground, and at least thirty pikes broken. The enemy nevertheless was repulsed, the brother to the marquis and his two cornets were taken, and all that passed with them either taken or slain. It is very certain that if tixese pikes had not stood fast, our camp would have received such a disgrace as scarce would have been repaired this year. Thus for the time they parted. The Prince of Parma lodged and remains within half a league of our camp, and it is like before his departure we shall have more sport. "This day arrived 14 ensigns of French Infantry. La GTai$e's regiment was sent from hence two days past for some enterprise in Brabant The loss of Ypree troubles and imports Antwerp so much, that I think divers companies will be sent hither.

ELIZABETH.

228

A.i>. 1582.

Touching this last meeting, I am very soiry that I nave so ill employed my time that a slight report of I know not who shall bring me in question to be a robber of any captains and soldiers. But this I will assure you, that if any man can prove that since I came into this country, I have stayed from any captain or soldier the value of one stiver of His due, I am content to be accounted the veriest villain of the •world. Or if any captain of my regiment can say that since I came into the country, I have taken anything off them for my charges, which all other colonels do, then let me [be] disproved. But I have dealt too well with some that never had honesty, nor ever will have; and such are they that have procured this dishonour to our nation. I will, ere it be long, write you more particulars of this matter; meantime I beseech you to continue me in the good opinion of her Majesty.—Dunkirk, 5 August 1582. Dmmi to ° in the hand of AiidUy Danett; the rest Norm's own. Add, Endd. 3 w [Boll and M. XVI. 97-] Aug. 5.

222.

JOHN COBHAM to WALSIKGHAM.

Since my last of the 4th inst. to you, I understand that ' Houghtopen' [qy. Haultepeane] has taken by treason the town of ' Leere,' a town of great importance, 'situating' within 3 leagues of Antwerp. The enemy still lies with his whole force within a league of Monsieur's camp; and no likelihood of his departure. "What his determination is, is not known. Mr Norris '"came last night from Bruges to Dunkirk.—Dunkirk, S August 1582, P.S.—The commissaries are come to Dunkirk, and it is thought that within these three days there shall be a pay* Today_ Captain , Williams's brother was brought to Dunkirk to be buried, with 100 horsemen, very bravely. Add. Aug. 5

223.

Endd. $p.

[Ibid, XYL 98.]

HOBATIO PALLAVIGXKO tO

I wrote to yon from Poatainebleaii, and the letter went by way of Bouen. Now that Signori Gapponi and Landi are returning there, I want in this to add to what I told you in the other, how I have heard that in this city parcels of money liave been made up, to be paid to Monsieur at Antwerp. Particularly I heard of one of 60,000 crowns with one person only, to whom were given, sureties in this city not more than four days ago. Besides this they say that Martelli who farmed the salt has undertaken to get another part paid, and that all is being done at the instance of the Queen Mother. Of the other particulars I have fully written my views in the he aforesaid letter which 1 again affirm; repeating r e p e a t g that from vritat I see se of these humours, either ith the th state t t off the Low urantngs mu, ot remain within the limits wliieh it had at the beginHmg of not

224

. . .

FOREIGN PAPEBS.

its course, I mean of liberty and religion, or these people will not favour the enterprise, because they do not, and are not likely to, care for anything but their own profit, profit according to the opinions and dispositions that are current here.—Paris, 5 August 1582. Add. Endd. Ital. f p. [France VIII. 5.] Aug. 6.

224.

HORATIO PALLAVICISO to WALSINGHAM.

I wrote to you yesterday and gave the letter to Signor Landi, now with Mr Burnham, who comes with the ambassador's dispatch and with, full information as to matters here. I have nothing to say beyond what I said in the abovenamed, and in the other, sent by way of Rouen. I will go on'to tell you that we have searched all the jewellers' shops to find bracelets fit for your purposes and have found nothing at the price, either pretty (vaga) or fine, as we know they should be. To have them made to order would be a long and uncertain matter, and full of-difficulties in knowing how to explain what was wanted and getting understood, because even we do not know what to ask for. Therefore it was impossible for Mr Burnham to take over anything in that way, whether bought or on approvalj as we should have liked to try, to let you choose at pleasure, with no obligation else. One of them said he would see if in a few days it was possible to make a ' composition' of various things which should be to the purpose. If I find this graceful, I will bring it with me. Meantime you can see the two pieces of cloth of silver and gold which I had before Mr Burnham's coming, , bought for the reason I wrote you, and which I have now consigned to him, in order that you may rather have the use of it, if you find it can be of use. If you do not like it, kindly have it handed over to Signor Bmamonte. I am sorry that in this business I have not the power or knowledge to be of more serviee to you; but I assure you there is not so much that is handsome here as is believed over there. I wrote to yon about the matter of Scott;. now I repeat that if you will give the new dealer (?fattore) your promise that in December next he shall be included with me and under my name in the renewal of my obligations, I hope that he ought to be pacified. Otherwise he seems to me resolved to molest the citizens • of London. Then as to the indemnity of her Majesty for the interest that she is about paying, I do not think it would be well to put off the fulfilment by the Flemings of the promised action, since the prolongation of the time is likely to render her Majesty' i elaims less clear, and the form of the payments more difficult for those of the Low Countries; whereas if constraint is applied now, they will haye Antwerp, they will have Holland and Zealand bound m they wish. Which is all I have to say at present.—Paris, 6 August 1582. PJi.—With the first letters that come, I hope to learn something of iny brother's affairs at Rome; so they promise me in the last. I will then advice you. Add, Endd. Hoi.' 1%-pp, [France Till. 6.]

ELIZABETHA.D.1582. Aug. 6.

225.

. ' MASINO KEL BENE to WALSINGHAM. • v '

•

a3S

;

I received the letter which you wrote me hy your servant Burnham; with whom I have since talked of many things, now blaming you over there, now accusing us here, as yon will be able more particularly to understand of yourself, as also the departure of MM. Bellievre and Brulart to go to his Highness. The quality of the persons is very satisfactory to me, and makes me think that they are not gone lor matters other than important and good according to their wish. I called upon them, but neither from them nor from their people could I learn anything except that they were leaving things on a good footing here. Hia Highness's Swiss were to arrive yesterday at Chalons in Champagne, and a commissary is gone to the frontier to receive them.- Munitions have been prepared for them when they get there (per il ivi); and there they will pass muster. Money has gone from here to pay them. The Prince Dauphin and others who have levied troops for his Highness are using all possible diligence, and it can be seen that they will be large and good forces, and that if they are well governed the way is prepared by their means for an almost certain victory. But there is great dearth of men to command, and for this cause and many other reasons I should be of opinion that his Highness will risk nothing and will be content for this year to maintain himself without any loss and only to check the rush with which it seems to me one can see even from here the Spaniards re-entering those countries. This opinion of mine I have written to the Prince, and repeated it in a letter which I gave Signor Oappom to send either from England or from Calais, and have tried to fortify my opinion with the best reasons I could, which are in sum that winter " and famine will take arms quickly in their favour, and that seeing the attitude which things are taking here, it was possible to hope that in a little time, and.with the great good offices that are "being rendered, we might see some good decision therein. , This might be hindered by the least disaster happening to them; whereas on the other hand, if his Highness maintain his strength and his reputation, it may be held as almost certain that this good attitude will conduce to his * perfection.' Signor Capponi bears ray letter; you will, if you please, open it, and then have it resealed and sent securely. If you find my opinion good, give it the favour of your authority. Of the armed forces there is no news except from our ambassador, who writes from Lisbon .that news had arrived of its having eonae in sight of Setubal (?); and that there they were with great diligence preparing that of the King of Spain to go as escort to the fleets. I have not much opinion of ours, that it -will do any good,- God knows how pleased I shall be, and how much displeased in the contrary event. But things have been begun with, so little order and continued with so much negligence and want of ease that very hardly can one hope for any good of them. Ho Hame for_ this can be given to the Queen, who hajs in this matter doae with much liberality and promptitude much more than WAS at first asted of her>

226

FOEEIOHN PAYEES-

A D 1582

' '

' • By letters which I have from Geneva of July 25 it is said that the Duke of Savoy's people were still t j f a ^ u t \ m * ™ Zste and eating up their own country, and that they had .bad a, muster of about 4,000 infantry and 300 or 400 horse Ihe Swiss were so united that everything good might be hoped for. By a later letter of the 80th from Lyons they tell me that the Bernese have sent a herald to protest to the Duke of Savoy about the loss and damage into which they had been brought through his contravention ot Uie agreement under which they had given him back the three bailiwicks, and that it appeared that preparations were being made to retake . ' them and it might yet be that the same bailiwicks, seeing the great cruelties which the soldiers had done to them, would of themselves wish to go back under the obedience of the Bernese. Which things • I am inclined to believe, having been told that things on ttiat frontier (? banda) were in such a state, as my brother wrote, that it would be more trouble to hold back the Bernese now than it once was to hold the Five Cantons. But he is a man little aflectionea to the Xing of Spain, in whose favour, by the Pope's means, all these practices have taken place, in the case of the Duke of Bavoy a<*ain, to make a show of pulling the bridle, and meanwhile to drive the spurs in hard. Believe me that this is a bad fellow and very dangerous; upon whieh, and how pernicious a thing it is that there should be in Kings' Councils persons who bear his mark and want to put on purple, and their relations too. I have in these last days done a piece of work to be esteemed rather foolhardy than otherwise. Now having no more to say, I beg you to kiss her Majesty's hands in my name.—Paris, 6 August 1582. Add. Endd. Ital 4 pp. [France. VIII. 7.]

Aug. 6.

226.

TOMMASO SASSETTI to WALSINGHAM.

The present eomes to salute you, ainee the state of my fortune keeps me in bed in ill plight with the gout as I am at present, as the bearer, Mr Burnham, can certify to you. I assure you that the service whieh I cannot do you at present in person, I do with all the' effect' of my mind and good will, and I hope with God s help shortly to return to living and dying in her Majesty's service and yours. Of the world here, Signor Capponi and Burnham will have to tell yon. all particulars. M. de Mandelot, Governor of Lyons, concluded the league between the Swiss and the King, and five years after his death, as is usual and paid them 140,000 crowns, and the ambassadors will soon be here to ratify it. They demand costs, damages, and interest from Savoy, and it is believed they will take away those bailiwicks; and it is held that the five Cantons allied with the duke will withdraw from league and amity with him; and it is believed that the duke is sorry for the advice taken from the Catholic King, from the Pope, and from Ma ministers. He had m being from 4,000 to 5,000 infantry, and 500 horse at his own subjects, and 5 companies of Swiss, who are disbanding. Geneva

ELIZABETH. j; ! i ; | j I ]

J 1 ! ]

•

227

A.D. 1582.

• -

is well provided; 1,200 foreign troopa, 200 horse, *a galley and two galliots, which they have built on the lake, They -write me from Lyons, on the 29th, that the Spanish infantry was 41 ensigns, good men and well armed. Some gay 4,000, some SjOOO are held at present to have, arrived in the country of Luxembourg. Fifteen cornets of Italian cavalry have passed at Saint Bambert in Savoy, well mounte'd and good men. Some say they are 1,500, some 800, .some 1,000. So there have passe'd 4,000 to 5,000 Italians in good order, all raised in the State of Milan. They pay 10 soldi a day per soldier where they pass, and do no harm; and 15 soldi for a man and horse. At Naples 2,000 infantry have been embarked for Portugal. The Pope is doing all he can to prevent soldiers from going to the service of Monsieur; nevertheless about 150 horse are coming from Italy 'on their fortune.' From here ample forces are going to him both foot and horse, and horses are selling very dear. The King is sending 12 very fine horses as a present to Monsieur. ' Beaulievre' and Brulart have been sent from his Majesty here to his Highness. This King's people at * Linsobona' write that the Catholic King has put on board Ms fleet 4,000 soldiers well provided with victuals and munitions, but they had not yet started. If this' ordinary' from Italy brings anything worth your hearing I will write it to Mannueci that I be not wearisome to you. This is all from my chamber. Pray keep me in the good graces of the Queen my patroness and assure I am her faithful servant. The money to pay the Swiss goes hence on the 10th to ' Calone,' \$y. Chalons] where a muster will be held.—Paris, 6 August 1582.

-

Add.

Endd. (" from & Horatio Pallavicino.")

ltd.

3 pp.

[Prune* VIIL 8.] 4

Aug. 6.

] i ; j I | I ]

227.

AUKDMY DANBTT to WALBINGHAM.

Last Monday morning, after the Dutch post was dispatched with my last letters to you, the Italian, one of the conspirators against his Highness and the Prince, killed himself with a knife. The nest day he was drawn about the market-place, hanged, and his quarters set upon the town gates. The others have since that been put to the torture, and remain as yet unexecuted, divers being daily apprehended concerning the same treason. Dampmarian, sent with the process and the examinations of the offendersrato_France, returned hither on Saturday night, the 4th iast. It is bruited that Queen Mother has written hither that two persons are likewise apprehended in Paris, who 'should' have attempted some matter upon the King of France's person; the truth of which you will be advertised out of those parts. If the general's letters are come to your hands, you are by this advertised of the loss of 'Lire,' which was traitorously surrendered to the enemy by the prae&ee of a Scottish eaptaia called Sample, uncle to Col. Preston, and of Captain Alonso, a Spaniard, who has served ihe States these four or five years very bravely and faithfully- The logs of this town, being of great importance, troubles*

228 A.D.1582.

FOREIGN PAPERS. •

•

\

.

•

' the Council here very much, and- especially those of Antwerp are greatly perplexed. For their pacifying Messrs. d'Evure [qy. d'Evere] and Sainte-Aldegonde were sent on Saturday the 4th to Antwerp, to set. all things there in some assured order, for the people are very inconstant and wavering. There is no appearance yet of any removing hence, unless it be to Ghent, as some report; which I will believe when I see these princes there. The camp of the enemy lies within a mile and a half of our forces. On Friday the 3rd Mr Norris was dispatched thither from hence by his Highness in all haste, and as it ia bruited now, the same day there was a hot skirmish, and a lieutenant of the Prince of Parma -with some others taken prisoners. I hear our Englishmen's service that day well commended, especially by our pikemen, but in particulars I have heard nothing as yet. If they abide a while longer in those parts, there will be more blows dealt very shortly, especially if our forces might receive some pay; to which end the Treasurer ' at the wars/ repairs towards the camp this day, the most part of the pay being already sent to Dunkirk by water. About a ' sevenight' past,. M. de Sainfc-Lue arrived here, to be colonel of 8,000 Swiss who are said to be well on their way hitherward, and are looked for daily. The rest of the French forces come forward so slowly that some are of opinion they will come too late, or rather not at .all; for here they talk that the Prince Dauphin says, if the king bid him march, he will come, and the rest stand upon like terms. And that which discourages most, they find there are more here than are -well paid, •which has caused many to repair home again, and will stay such as have not some particular devotion to his Highness's service. Those of Dunkirk lately Bent commissioners to his Highness and the _ e Council of State, to complain of M. de ' Shamaye' [Chamois], colonel of 5 French regiments in that town, accusing him that he calls in French victuallers, who are free from all imports, and permits them to sell to the soldiers and others, under the rate that the town uses to sell, greatly to their prejudice; that he has sought to remove the Scotch and Walloons out of that garrison, and in their rooms to bring in French; that his 5 companies being not fully furnished, he fills them daily by soldiers from the camp, to make himself strong against the town, notwithstanding that the Governor, M. de Trelon, has forbidden him so to do, and refuses to lodge any new men within the town. Whereupon they besought his Highness to take order in time; and forasmuch as by the articles it was agreed that he should plant no garrison in any town without the consent' of the States, they crave the same may be observed; and I have heard that last Thursday he sent express messengers to take order in that behalf. Touching our late English mutiny, I trust you find by this that the general has been very hardly used; being charged to have received three months' pay for the soldiers, where in truth he has

ELIZABETH,

M

A.D. 1582.

not yet received one month's pay, as he has sufficiently proved here to the shame of his accusers. He would have procured a eertifieate thereof ' into England' at his last being in this town, had not his Highness of a sudden 'returned' him to service in the camp, where the enemy approaching, his presence was more requisite. And if in the mean season you will give me leave to set down in particular a word or two, although I have no commission from Mr Norris to touch this matter, because he means to do it himself, the - whole month's pay to the captain and soldiers comes to 27,988 guilders. There was accorded to the general by the Council of the States on the other side of the {Mose,' as appears by the Ordinance under their hands dated 22 May, 1582, the sum of 48,318 guilders, which lacks of 2 months' pay 12,658 guilders. Towards the sum accorded, those of Zealand were to pay 15,106 guilders within 6 weeks after, as appeal's by their hands. This money was due in June last, but cannot yet be received, so that there was paid 28,212, which is more than a month's pay. Out of this last sum was yet ' defalked' Toy order of the States, as appears under their hands, for money ' imprested ' towards his entertainment from the 15th November last, being general of the camp, a sum of 6,000 gnilders; item, for two obligations by the States' consent, 1,000 guilders; and for transportation of new men, likewise hy their consent, 2,580 guilders; all which, being by consent of the States 'defalked,' amounts to 9,580 guilders, and being deducted out of the money paid, remained 18,632 guilders in the general's hands, to be distributed in the payment of the officers and soldiers. At Ghent there was paid to them in the beginning of June last one half month's pay, and the rest was to be 'answered' as soon as the money in Zealand should be received. So it may easily appear how little cause the soldiers had to exclaim- against their general concerning this manner of dealing. But in truth this matter grew somewhere else: and chiefly by a tale given out by Mr Sarle [Herle] to Col. Morgan and others that he understood from a secret friend la. •ra... that the general was greatly niisliked, and that upon any small occasion his regiment would be'cast/or he dismissed from his place of service. "When Captain. Awstell eaine over lately into these parts, he persuaded him not to l range' under the general, but under Col. Morgan, saying the general was likely to be cast shortly; and the matter being well examined it will appear that hereupon the common soldier was stirred up to mutiny. And sure I am that Col. Morgan, not without the consent of some of the rest, preferred a petition to the duke, and moved the Prince therein, that the mutineers might be pardoned and the general called to account for the money withheld from the soldiers; this I know to be most true, and they themselves will not deny it. The Prince answered that he marvelled an/jman would seek pardon for mutineers; and for the general, he said he must be called to answer for himself before anything was decreed which might prejudice him. This petition was commended by z letter from M. de Eoeliepot as a thing necessary for liis Higtaiess's service, and so followed with all advantage; the general not ©nee made privy to anything, but awaiting a ni> time to desire punishment on the nmtraeers, 1 am loth to trouble you with any long

230

'

-EOEEIG-N PAPEKS.

A.D-1582.

discourse herein; but if you thoroughly knew how the matter has been cunningly contrived against Mr Norris, and that by those who are daily beholden to him, you would as_ much mislike the inventors thereof, who have nothing to do in these men's business, as the hasty executors of such idle inventions. But I have troubled you over long.—Bruges, 6 August 1582. P.S.—It is reported from Antwerp that the Spaniard Alonso is ransomed at 4,000 ducats, and that his ransom will be paid to the Scotch captain by the Spanish king; and so the poor Spaniard to be sent into Spain, to be there executed.- Even now it is advertised from Antwerp that the Spaniard is slain. Add. Endd. 4 pp. Aug. 6.

228,

{Hott. and Ft XVI. 99.]

The GROWN PRINCE OF SWEDEN to the

QUEEN.

We have received your letter by Mr Thomas Gorge, and thank you. much for signifying your good diajiosition towards us. We received him with all the pleasure^ and courtesy that we could show in the too short time that he was with us, and gave him help where he needed it, as we will in future do to all who approach us in your name.—Gripsholm, 6 August 1582. (Signed) Carolus. Add. Endd. Lot. %p. [Sweden I. 5.] Aug. 7. :

229.

COBHAM to WALSINGHAM,

I have delivered to the King so much as was contained in your letter sent by Mr Bnrnham, especially • concerning the French ambassador's extract, declaring that the contents of it did not [sic] deliver to the Queen scarcely so good an assurance for defraying the charges of the wars as ' warrantise' from being drawn into war through the accomplishing of the marriage, as the negotiation lately passed in England by his Commissioners clearly inferred and imported; so that I signified she found it very strange that his will appeared inclined towards the marriage, and yet Ms pleasure was not to take away those difficulties which ' impeached ' her ' to' consent to the finishing of the marriage, considering he could not but conceive how when she should be married to his brother she could not' leave' after her princely nature to aid Monsieur with all her means, whereby the whole weight and charges of the wars ' would light on her Estates and subjects, to which ahe cannot be persuaded to consent for the love she finds in her subjects. She understands further Qiat neither Monsieur's ' partage ' in France, nor yet the provisions which he may receive in the Low Countries, can sustain his enterprises against the power and means of King Philip. Wherefore she might have cause to think he does not desire the marriage for some secret respect in his mind, since he can be content to leave the impediments unsatisfied. Whereon the king broke off my speech, assuring me he would never have entertained the negotiation of the marriage, showing his desire, except he had thoroughly meant it; declaring it seemed to him the Queen's subjects should as much affect the marriage

Mi A.D.

1582 as lie and Ms brother, in respeet he understood for want of her Majesty's issue the realm being left without fcaown heirs, there would rise many factions and divisions. The like consideration moved him, his mother and brother, to press her to resolution, because he finds the smart of the infinite inconveniences which happened to this state during the minority of his brother and himself, and fears the continuance of them until he sees his brother married and having issue, wherewith God has not blessed Tirm as yet. I declared to him that it appeared by his speeches he had deeply thought of the cause according to the weight of it. Howbeit'in the last conference which M. Mauvissiere had with the Queen, treating of the impediments which always dissuaded her from according to the marriage, he then showed by [sic] the words of an extract, wherein was contained only matter concerning his Majesty's promise to join his forces with hers when any prince or potentate should bend their forces to invade her dominions, a PoccaUon et en li-aine dudict mariage, which occasion she hopes and thinks assuredly will never happen, for there is no prince, as she may justly suppose, will hate her for entering into marriage, knowing how necessary it is for her to embrace marriage for the further comfort of her subjects. Nevertheless she may well assure herself that when she joins in marriage with the King of France's brother, who had already possessed himself ' with' so many rich provinces of the Spanish king's, that the said king 'was to be' rightly moved after this marriage to annoy her realms and trouble her peaceable reign, wherewith the Spanish king hears how Monsieur, his enemy, was to be advanced and strengthened. Sow, therefore, his Majesty is to consider whether the Queen had not exceeding reason to require at his hands, who *s bohh. prince and brother to Monsieur, to be defended and saved from these important inconveniences which are necessarily incident to the conclusion of this marriage only with his brother. To this the king said that he had sent to his ambassador his mind in such manner that if it had pleased her to conceive of the meaning thereof, it would have satisfied her. [Notwithstanding, he intended to think further of this matter, and would take advice how to compass this to the contentment of his brother, which they desired above all vvordly things. I thereon farther declared that if in Ms judgement he. found the difficulties of the cause" of the marriage to be such that he could not conveniently remedy them, then he would think of the negotiation that was passed last year in • the matter of the league offensive and defensive; which, though the marriage proceeded not, was yet to be embraced in respect of the necessity of his brother's enterprise, and also for the better advancement of his mother's right 'pretended' to the Cxown of Portugal. Which league may serve him. to many good purposes for the 'qttayling* ol the great rise of the Spanish Mng. The king said he feared the league would impeaeit the marriage, and therefore he had thought good hitherto not to deal therein; tor when that was had, he doubted the marriage -would not be spoken

232 A.D.1582.

of. He esteemed no way so certain to assure them of the Queen s friendship as the marriage of his brother ; which moved me to reply that the matter of the marriage was subject, as-it seemed, to many doubts and inconveniences, whereof he had found the proof in the treaty thereof these jnanyyears, so that now, it not having taken place, the ' concurrences' of the present time, as the affairs of his mother and brother, might justly move him to think of this league, considering it would give courage to tbe Portuguese through the hope they might conceive of his or her Majesty's navy. Likewise those of the Low Countries would the rather 'assure themselves the better in his Majesty,' and become in many ways more obedient and tractable to Monsieur. The league might further give occasion of greater confidence to her Majesty's subjects when such an amity - should be concluded; so that those who yet justly dissuade her from the 'effectuing' of the marriage might render themselves more willing to consent to it upon that they should see him first embrace her Majesty's friendship with a straiter league. The King 'returned to say' to me how if the league were bad, the marriage would be forgotten, adding he would think further on it, and confer with his mother. I informed him that her Majesty had often commanded me to move him on behalf of Monsieur to such effect, that he would signify to the world his brotherly zeal to him, whereby those of the Low Countries, having ' betaken themselves into' his brother's hands, might be relieved, and the enemy discouraged. Notwithstanding, because hitherto she did not perceive that Monsieur had received any commodity through her requests made, she had now again commanded me earnestly to move him no longer to be persuaded to withdraw his princely support from his brother, considering how G-od had prospered him with so good a beginning, having given him the hearts of the people of so many provinces; so that if he should not now give him support at this instant, when the King of Spam seems to oppose him with his forces, he might consider how highly it will discourage his brother and the princes Mid others who 'run the fortune' of the Grown of France. I besought his Majesty not only to assist Monsieur with his means and forcesj but by his restraint, to command that the enemy be not nourished with victuals and commodities out of any part of • tasrealm, to the great prejudice of Monsieur and his subjects; to which he answered that he thanked her Majesty very much for the great zeal she showed towards his brother, which he would never forget. He assured me he had done and would do for him as occasion was offered; Ms person and well-doing was dearer to him than any other could be. As for the restraint of transporting the victuals, he affirmed there was very strait order given therein, which was published., Howbeit, he said smilingly, he had not made this restraint in respect of his brother's occaaion, bat for the policy and want of victuals in his realm. ThttS parting from the King I went to the Queen Mother, to whom I delivered in effect as I had done to the Eing. She told me the King and she would not 'leave' to desire the marriage as they have

- ELIZABETH. A.D.1582.

233 , .

. •

done, so long as her Majesty was willing to hear their requests. She doubted lest the Queen had something in hen heart which made her not to desire the marriage. I answered to that point she could not justly think so, because the Queen my Sovereign had inclined thereto, and the taking away of the difficulties remained on. their side. Wherefore if she and the King thought it not good for their policies to proceed that way, then it might please them to think of the league •which was propounded to them Zast year; for neither proceeding to the conclusion of the one nor the other did but engender doubtful and staggering proceedings as well in her affairs of Portugal as in her son's in the .Low Countries; which two nations perhaps cast their eyes to aee what entire amity passes between the king her son, and my sovereign. They hearken likewise what alliances and friendships the French king makes with other princes; whereon they ground their judgements how far to proceed in trust and confidence with the King arid Monsieur. And so I left it to her judgement, beseeching her to accept my speeches, which proceeded from one who had now served almost three years in their Court, finding neither the marriage nor the league concluded for the further assurance of better amity between the Crowns, which I most entirely desired. She said the King was resolved, she knew, to give her Majesty all the contentment he conveniently could; and that she would confer with him. » Then I showed her how the Queen, being informed of all the great preparations King Philip made, to send into the Low Countries against Monsieur, had commanded me to move the king very earnestly to yield aid by all means io his brother, and besought her to ' accompany' the Queen's request herein to the King, with such effect that Monsieur might find that the delivering of the Queen's desires to them ihight stand Mm in some stead. Whereon, be&ide the many thanks she rendered to her Majesty, the Queen Mother promised to deal thoroughly with the King, so that her Majesty would shortly understand their meaning therein. "While I was going from the tog to the Queen Mother, Secretary Pinart was( sent by the 'nest' way from the cabinet to signify to her what I had passed.' with his Majesty; and after my conference with .. the Queen Mother he resorted to me. ' Knding' how he had been ripely instructed of these causes I then passed in conference with his Majesty, * showing' me that the king lately intended to give full satisfaction to the Queen by M. Mauvissiere for accommodating the impediment to the marriage touching the defraying of the charges. He further said he found that the answer to the three articles which the king had sent was passed by the Lord Treasurer, though sent written, with the ambassador's hand; discerning elearly therein my intent. He asked me whether I had had m& to me the eopy of those three articles. M. Piaarfe assured me the king had not only restrained the carriage of victuals from the frontiers into the Low Countries, but had also forbidden the tonsporiing out of coat into

234 A.D.

FOREIGN PAPERS. 1582.

,. - x « Spain and Portugal;, and'he thought the trading into those countries •would soon be utterly forbidden.—Paris, 7 Augusb 1582, A later hand has written Marriage several times in the margin, 12 pp. [France VIII. 9.]

Aug. 7.

230.

COEEAM to WALSINGHAIT.

I had thought to have made answer to the Lords of the Privy Council's letters for the satisfying of their commands touching the commissions delivered forth by Don Antonio ; but I cannot so fully answer their expectation till I have received further order from the king, which M. Pinart has forwarded me to send within two days. • I likewise await letters from Antonio Brito, agent for Don Antonio, remaining yet at Tours until the return of Cuatodio Leitam, who after he comes back from England and Flanders is to reside here for Don Antonio's affairs. But the King and his mother deny that they know of any commissions delivered in that large sort aa might refrain or impeach theirs or her Majesty's subjects from ' trading' freely and safely the countries of Spain or elsewhere. But by the next messenger I hope to accomplish 'at' full what the lords have commanded me in that cause. I send you herewith a note of an advertisement. "

,

Upon letters which this ting's agent* M. 'Longley,' resident in Lisbon, sent last week to their Majesties, the journey of MM. Bellievre and Brulari was hastened; so it is conceived thereon they are gone to procure a treaty of accord with the Catholic king. Others judge they are to persuade Monsieur and the Low Countries to yield to the French king that sovereignty which belonged to the Crown of France before the taking of King Francis, this King's grandfather; and further that those two, after being with Monsieur, are to repair to the Prince of Parma, and so pass into England. This King will make it known to all the princes of Italy how far he has dealt for the appeasing of the Flanders causes. 'Longley' advertised how the Spanish King's army was seen in readiness within four days to depart towards the ' Tarzeres.' On thia navy they had embarked 8,000 soldiers, of whom 4,000 were well armed, the rest but badly hi order. This, King has been of late c signified' by sundry that the people of France are evil-satisfied with him; for the confirmation of which the Duke of Brabant has sent him sundry letters importing as mueh. I was visited at the Court by MM. Clervant, Ohassincourt, Millitiere and Sanegas, sent thither to deal in the affairs of the King of Navarre. M. Sanegas is to paaa into Flanders to his Highness, and so return by the way of England before he comes back to his King. The King of Navarre and the Prince of Conde both repair shortly ' i n ' Gascony, as I am informed.—Paris, 7 August 1582. AM.

Bndd, (probably serving for both this md the last). %kl>P>

VIIL 10,]

* •

*

ELIZABETH. 1582. About.

285

A.D.

2 3 1 . p I B T E 0 BIZAEBI to [WALSIKOHAM] .

I am assured that you are fully advertised of all that has happened at Bruges touching the conspiracy against Ms Highness and his Excellency; wherefore I judge it superfluous to ' extend myself upon that. It is understood here that the Italian killed• himself with a knife which had by ehanee fallen, with its sheath, from a peasant, a prisoner in the same place, while he was (saving your reverence) at the place of office used by both of them in common. Howevers before this ensued, he had under torture confessed most important secrets; and they say that his Highness has sent into France, to his brother the Most Christian king, praying him to send two of his Councillors, that they may see the trial of the conspirators, seeing that his Majesty is not a little interested therein. The prisoners are in custody at Bruges, each apart; and the Count of Egmont, they say, in his own lodgings under good guard. Saleedo, the chief author of the conspiracy, they say was born at Lyons, of a Spanish father and a Genoese mother, and for his very bad conduct had been banished from Prance. He then addressed himself to the Duke of Lorraine, by whom he was much favoured. Meanwhile he had maintained secret intelligence with the Prince of Parma, who besides other great promises in the name of Spain, had promised him 4,000 crowns_ a month to raise a regiment under his Highness, and therewith carry out on the day what he had designed. But the most high God has willed otherwise. The same God, by whom all is governed, has %een pleased recently to afflict us here with the very serious loss of Lierre, taken by the enemy through treason, on August 2 about 3 o'clock in the night. An entrance was made under the guidance of the Scotch captain and his men, who for lack of pay, or induced to hope for something better, committed such a piece of rascality. The Governor of the place is charged with great imprudence in having ' given the gate' without taking more notice. He escaped by throwing himself down over the walls, aa did some ethers; though he left his wife and children there. They say that Captain Alonso has been ransomed for 4,000 crowns, the money being sent from here. The head of this enterprise was Haultepenne, son of the late Count Barlaymont, who came to Louvain and there held parley with the Scotchman. Of the details I have nothing else to tell you; you can easily consider the rest for yourself, especially the cruelties used by the enemy. This news, so sudden and unexpected, has made us here remain as it were all thunderstruck, and in great displeasure at the loss5 of a place so near, and almost impregnable. Since then St." Joris Gate has been always locked, the guard doubled, and suspicions greater than usual. Many families from neighbouring places have withdrawn into Antwerp for greater security, the enemy being master of the open country, May God bridle their fury, and have pity on His flock. The enemy in Mandera these past -days made an attempt on Ypres, and was repulsed mth the loss of 100 of his men> and m many taken prisoners. Of our army I say nothing, beeause you

236

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A.D.1582

FOREIGN PAPERS. '

understand better than I can tell you. One can only lament that time and the most valuable season are nearly past without any good effected. This delay •will hinder much good progress which might have been made against the enemy, who will be able to retire and winter in secure quarters without loss. Sed • sus Mmervavi non docet, neqm noctuus Athenaa [sic] as the Old proverb says. Add. and endt. gone. Ital.

Aug.

11.

232.

MAECHAUITONT

2 \yp. \Holl. and Fl. XVL 99 bis.']

to

I know it is her Majesty's intention that Monsieur's subjects should be favourably treated in judicial matters ; which is not being done in the case of some who are detained here contrary to all right, in favour of a doctor. I send you their memorials. I did not wish . to trouble her Majesty, since- it is an ordinary affair; but if they continue to be treated in this fashion I shall have occasion to complain strongly. I know that you desire what is just, and therefore I beg you to have their bail discharged from their bail.— (Undated.) Add. Endd. ivith date; and in a later hand: Anjou Marriage; letters to Sir Fra. Walsingham. Fr. %p. [France VIII. 11.] Aug. 11.

233.

The KING oar SWEDEN to the

QUEEN.

Having made an arrangement with Mark Hess, a subject of the King of Denmark, vice-burgomaster (proconsul) of Copenhagen, to buy in England for our use 500 English cloths, and see to their shipment as far as Hamburg we heard from him a few days ago that he had arranged for the purchase, and transmitted part of the money to Englands but learning that the customs'1 tariff had been raised, and fearing for that reason great difficulties and the loss of his money, and also that the cloths would not be brought over in time, he asked us to send our request ourselves. And since it is important to. us that the cloths should reach us in time, we beg you at our request to remit so mueh of that duty as you may please. Which if you will do, be assured it will be most acceptable to us, and we will do as much for you, if anything from our realm can be of use to you.—UpSala, 3rd'of the Ides of. August, 1582. (Signed) Johannes E.S. .

Add.

Aug. 12.

234.

Endd. Lat. 1 JJ.

[Sweden I. 6.]

HERLHS to WALSINGHAM.

I send you herewith the copy of sundry important things which I caused to be translated and written out of the Allmayn tongue; and since I have no leisure to make more copies, I beg you to impart yours 'with' my lord Treasurer and my lord of Leicester, who I hops will pardon me if I do not severally write to them at present. Please direct me further if there be any other thing you would have done here at this time, and I will faithfully obey you, in doing her Majesi^ the best service I am able, which is not unneedful, as the season and the affairs be.

ELIZABETH.

237

A.D. 1582.

Last night Monsieur was looked for at Hushing, and from thence to repair to Ghent, to make his entry there as Earl of Flanders and to take their oaths; but his coming is deferred lor a se'nnight, to await the arrival of the I'rench forces who are with the Prince Dauphin on the frontier in good number and equipage, as Monsieur is informed. The Prince of Parma has marched in person to G-ravelines, to stop the passage, or to fight with them before they join with our camp; wherein if he should prevail, this side were utterly borne to the ground, and driven to a defensive war. The camp is not yet mustered, but the money is brought thither. It will not be paid before they are all brought together. The said camp continues in great disorder, and the murders increase, as well between the reitera and the English as the French and English, Rochepot having neither authority nor gravity to govern things. And if severe order be not taken, and things redressed with another manner. 6,f discipline before these new supplies have joined, we shall have more.war among our own people than against the enemy. Our English pikes did notably on ' Friday come se'nnight,' in a great skirmish with the enemy, sustaining our cavalry, who otherwise had been broken, and the whole camp defeated. Yet truly the reiters did their part like men. A hundred of the enemy's horse were slain and about 400 foot, 6 captains taken, among whom was Montigny's lieutenant-colonel. Monsieur shewed Mr Norris and Col. Morgan great * countenance' for this at Bruges, commending our nation to be valiant, if they would join obedience with it. But he neither remembers the insolences of his own people, nor the estreme poverty that might occasion our poor men to demand some relief. Alter he has been at Ghent, it is intended he shall eome hither, which truly will give Mm and his affairs small reputation. In respect of the great conspiracies intended against him, they persuade him to. abstain from the field (a thing easily dissuaded), and to govern the army by Ms lieutenant the Prince Dauphin. The perfumer of this town, that was wont to serve him with gloves, is in suspicion, and detained upon it, that he has prepared some forhim of M. Eene'a fashion. The bailiff of Flushing has received letters from the King of Spain, ' some heretofore, and now presently some? to deliver up the town to him. Though he acquainted the Prince of Orange with these letters, yet to avoid temptation, the place importing so much, it is thought convenient that he be removed from fee island to some other charge. On Friday the townsmen of ( Lyre' were publiely sworn in tlie market-place to be true subjects to the King of Spain and utter enemies to the French king, to the Duke of Ateaeon, the Prinee of Orange and to all those who either adhered to them or were aiders and favourers of the said duke; which is material for her Majesty to understand. There is set tip on the gate of 'Lyre' is. great letters; Di Stat van Andwerpen is tho hieren iegm Bdknes, 41he city of Antwerp is to be let or hired towards Michaelmas mart,' Th# enemy comes dally from ' Lyre' %Q C this town gates/ and takes the

238 A.».

FOREIGN PAPERS. 1582.

, ( cattle and people away. But today they have ( erected' 3 ensigns of townsmen, consisting of 850 . . . < to lie in the trenches, to whom they give 12 guilders a month, to be well paid, and they mean to have 3 cornets of horse to join them, at the city's expense. The inhabitants of Berehera and of the villages about are commanded out of this town to their houses again. They had by common Council determined to have pulled down and levelled to the ground half an English [? mile] without the town, to discover the enemy, but the richer sort haye altered that decree. Our enterprise against Breda has failed. And Lochem in G-uelderland was victualled by the Earl of Hollock before the enemy could prevail there. Diest was summoned by the enemy and threatened, but they retired without doing anything. A letter from the King o! Spain to the Prinee of Parma is intercepted by which he wills him to send some of his force to assist "Verdugo in G-uelderland, to the end those countries may come the sooner to an alteration. By advertisements from Germany the King of Spain gives these Low Countries in dowry with his eldest daughter to the Emperor. But if the Emperor, as is affirmed, be unfit for generation, it is to abuse the world, and 'namely' to entertain England, Prance, Germany, and the subjects here with vain hopes.—Antwerp, 12 Aug. 1582. . • P.8.—The intent to murder the Queen is increased and confirmed, whereto good vigilance is to be had. The post has * stayed on me' these S hours. Pray consider his attendance. Add. Endd. 2 pp:

Aug. 12

235.

[Roll, and FL XVI. 100.]

STOKES to WALSINGHAM.

My last was the 5th insfc., since which time these are the speeehes here. , Next week the Duke of Brabant, the Princes of Orange and Epinoy, with all the Council of State, go to-Ghent, where the duke will be sworn Earl of Flanders. It is said he tarries there not above 14 days, and then returns hither again;' for the speech ia that the Court will lie in this town all this winter. Those of Ghent rejoice greatly that his Highness will come thither, and are very sorry that they have so short warning of his coming. Notwithstanding this, they will set their town in some ' trerne' order, to the end he may see that he will be as welcome to them as he itas been to any others; so they are working day and night to prepare themselves in some good order against his coming. Monsieur's camp and the enemy's lie very near together beside Dunkirk arid Berghes, where they skirmish daily together; and great good speeches of the valiant service that the English captains and soldiers do there; and yet small recompense for the same. It seems the enemy has some fear, or else his meaning ie to lie long {here; for they begin to entrench their camp/ and this week

ELIZABETH.

239

A.D. 1582

they have sacked and burnt' Bell' [qy. Bailleul] which was a very fair great open rich village, and a place of great' clothing' of Spanish ' wools. _ Besides that, they have this week sacked Poperinghej which is a wry fair open village, and was rich; and ' it is looked for here every day when it is burnt,' for the speech is they will sack and burn all the open places here in the country, which is lamentable. God turn it to better. It is said there are 600 more French foot come to Dunkirk by sea from Prance, and now the speech is given out that the rest of Monsieur's forces will come in at Oambray and thereabouts; to which I see that few give any credit. Surely many auch delaying speeches are given out. The speech is here that the enemy's, forces from Italy to the number of 3,000 foot and 600 horse are arrived beside Diest in Brabant, where they will join "with the for cess of M. de Hautepenne; for it is said the enemy will make a camp in Brabant 1besides this which they have here in Flanders. It 'fears them greatly on this' side ' to see the enemy how strong they grow daily, and this side to do nothing.' By letters lately intercepted, it aeems there is some treason revealed against Flushing and some two or three towns in Holland, 1 which the King of Spain had put in some practice'; for the 'Balewe' of Flushing, being at this instant hereto 'follow' some matters at the Court for the town of Mushing, is by command of his Highness taken and put in close prison, in this town, for it seems he was the chief dealer for the betraying of Flushing. Yesterday morning M. de Bellievre and M. de 'Brenet' [qy. Brnlart], both ambassadors from the French king to the Duke of Brabant, came to this town. They landed a t ' Slue,' and the speech is they are come to hear the examination of those that are prisoners here in this town that should have murdered Monsieur and the Prince of Orange. Por any other matters that they hare brought, nothing is yet' come abroad.' Yesterday afternoon Count ( Swatsenborgh.' fe/. Sehwarzburg] and his wife also came to this town. There still grows a great doubtfulness here that nothing will be done on this side this summer; by which means they fear the enemy will greatly prevail against them.—Bruges, 12 August 1582. p.S.—Yours of the 4th August I have received, and thank you for it. Yours to M. de Sainte-Aldegonde I have sent to him at Antwerp, and in like order I have delivered yours to Mr Danett, Enclosed I send a letter from M. de Vilh'ers. Add, Aug. 12.

•

236

Endd

2J pp.

{HoU. and Fl. XYI. 101.]

JOHN GOEHAM to WALSINGHAM.

The enemy fronts us still in the same pkee where he lay fey Bergues, but does nothing. There will come to Mia in a few days, as it is thought, S,O0O Italian and Spanish foot, and t,5Q0 lances;

240

FOEEIGN PAPEES. they are in Brabant, coming. As soon as they join with the Prince of Parma, we think they will do some exploit upon our camp. M. Eoehepot lies still at Bergues. The French have made four little barricades -without the walls there, to lodge their men to skirmish with the enemy. I think we shall do nothing else hut ' defend our goal.' Our Englishmen are so ill handled by. the better' sort both_ for pay and victuals that, if there be no better order taken, our soldiers will not tarry here. I am sure the whole camp is decreased 4,000 men since it came hither, and will daily decay. The Commissaries are now come down to muster the camp, with only one month's pay. They mean to muster on Monday next. On the 10th inst. 60 horse and 50 foot went out of our camp towards Poperinghe and to discover some matter, and some few of them, are returned, but the rest put to the sword. M. Villiers's wife's brother, who was their leader, is taken prisoner. As I am credibly informed, the brother of M. de Bours who betrayed Mechlin, is the commander of. the Englishmen who fled to the enemy.. They are very much accounted of, and lodged close by the Prince of Parma's tent.—Dunkirk, 12 August 1582. . Add. Endd. 1 j>. [Holt and Fl. XVI. 102.]

Aug. 12;

.

.

237.

THOMAS DOYLEY to-

My sickness last week hindered my advertising you of the lossof 'Leyr/ a fair strong town hard by Antwerp, lost as follows. 'Sim • Pel/ a Scottish captain of the regiment of Ool. Stewart, discontented, partly being disgraced with the bastinado by his eolonel lately at Antwerp, partly for want of pay, and partly in choler against ' Heetf eld,' governor of ' Leyr/ who would have all the soldiers' pay pass through his hands, made a complot with the enemy to betray the town; The 2nd of this. month, the day before, he was here in Antwerp (the town being but 2J Dutch miles hence), and by importunity got out of the States a sum of money for the contentment of his soldiers, and stretched out his credit as far as he could for velvets, silk, or what else he could get. Eeturning to Leyr the same day, he desired the governor to lend him some of his resolutest soldiers to send out with" a squadron of Ma men, to get some 'boutin'; which was but a subtle policy to mask his treason, to procure himself readier re-entrance by night, having eome of the governor's * own soldiers to disable resistance, and make the enemy give him perfect credit in. his treacherous pretence. For he presently brought them towards Aerschot, into the enemies' laps, who put them all to the sword. 'Sym Pel/ remaining "still in 'Leyr/ to solicit their speedier entrance* and to foresee all inconveniences, hearing a trumpet between 2 and S in the morning, hastened to the governor, assirring him that token was given him by the trunrpet that they had a rich 'boutin' and -were chased by the enemy. H^> too credulous, too * slightly' delivered tiie keys to Kriokart, an esehevin of the. town, without any soldiers to guard him. He had

ELIZABETH*. A.D.

241;

1582. no sooner opened irhe postern gate, but ' % m Pel""1 presently slew , him, took the keys, and opened the great gate. The enemy with Ma cavalry and infantry presently entered, and -without resistance got-the markefr-plaeei : and consequently the town, spoiling and putting every man. to MB ransom. The governor and the burgomaster escaped to 'Tunkskens' [qy.. Tongs], a sconce on the river between Mechlin and 'Wileborowe' [willebroek], and there he remains for the shame of his folly. The enemy now daily presents himself within a musketshot of Antwerp walls, and our great artillery sometimes play on them. They have sworn the inhabitants of * Barkam : \_qy> Berghem], a village within half an English mile of Antwerp, to be true to them, and so suffer them to live unspoiled. Iiast week the ' Grave van. Hovenlo alias Hollock' was at Bruges with the Duke* to crave some help for the relief of Loehem, a town • by Zutphen, besieged by the enemy, and M> la Garde with his regiment was sent with him. The enemy ' has ' divers times presented * themselves ' before Biest, a small-town beyond ' L e y r e / which if * h e ' o n c e resolutely set on, it cannot long hold out. Trhere was a hot report throughout all Antwerp that the Prince of Epinoy had revolted, but it is not so. But there was a treason intended for the betraying of Mushing,, to which effect the King of Spain sent letters to ' Bowleman,' the bailiff of Flushing and to another eschevin of the town. The one presently discovered Ms letters, the other not. The posts that come frani Bruges report that for a certainty the Duke and Prince remove, shortly to Ghent, The French that are coming are multiplied to 30,000; but assuredly they are most part arithmetical cyphers. Most part of them that are already come have not 40 in a company. I see no hope of any end of these wars; the jealousy of princes never suffering it to end. Until they be • eantoniaed,' or a government absolute of themselves \_sicj~, they can have no peace. The matter is hotly debated at the Diet, whether it be not prejudicial for the state of the Empire for the heir of France to nestle here. The like question England may make j (rod turn it all to the best. A country got and entered into with the sword, will not be forsaken for articles. Our men lately behaved themselves very honourably in a hot ' escarmouch,' the report of which I remit to Mr Banstt, remaining at Bruges.—Antwerp, IE Aug, 1582P.8.—I cannot forget to eommend to you the very good offices and intolerable pains of Mr Henry^ Knollvs, not only to our general but to all our nation; which his industrious aaad honourable mind I wish ym to commend with request to persevere therein.

4M. Endd. ;2|£p. lBsU.mdFl.Xri. 108.} 16077

Q

242

FOEEIGN PAPEES.

A..D. 1582. Aug. 12

238.

PIETRO' BIZAUBI to [WALSINGHAM]

Of the conspiracy discovered at Bruges, and of that •which they say has in like manner been, discovered at the Court of the Most Christian king, I do not venture to "write to you, assuring myself that you are already fully advertised of it by divers means. The Italian -who killed himself in prison was born, they say, in a Brescian castle called Martinengo, and was called Francesco Masa [' Baza' erased]. It is understood here that besides those who were fir at named, two or three other persons have been captured at Dunkirk for the same business, and other accomplices at the same time. They have abstained from giving the cord and other tortures to the Count of Egmont, by the direction and through the clemency of the Prince of Orange, to whom this youth has anyhow shown himself most ungrateful. It is said for a certainty that his Highness, with the Prince, will remove to Ghent by way of Flushing, that he may make his entry, and give and receive the usual oath ; and that immediately afterwards the camj> will depart, of -which it is understood that a muster shall be made, and a month's pay given; also that a skirmish has taken place, in which by the valour of the noble and brave English nation the enemy received some loss, and Montigny's lieutenant was taken, with the captains. The Prince of Parma has lately tried to get the town of Hushing by way of treason, having promised great rewards to the bailiff of the place. But he, like a lover of his country, and inclined to the good cause, discovered the whole to the Prince of Orange. Shortly after it befel that a burgher having received information of this, advertised the Prince of it on a sudden; who rejoiced to find both of them faithful and constant in the preservation of liberty, and in rendering entire obedience as bound by the oath taken to his Excellency. The Scotch captain who has to his eternal disgrace betrayed Lierre, at the same time sought to ruin Count Hollock, by giving him hopes of getting Breda, or, as others say, Bois-le-Duc; saying that he had treated of it •with those in the place. But the count was . warned in time, and avoided the snares set for him and his reitera. The enemy who are in Lierre, of "whom, besides 2 or 3 ensigns of infantry, they say there are some 500 cavalry, have called all the citizens and inhabitants of the place together, by sound of drum, and made them swear fidelity to the King of Spain, and totally abandon their obedience to the Duke of Brabant; against whom they utter many imprecations. As to the Prince of Orange, they can by no means believe that he is alive. Moreover, to the greater scorn of this city, they have caused to be written in great letters on the gates of Lierre, that Antwerp, is to be let from the 1st of October, as houses aire wont to be let here. Two days ago they made some excursions close to the walls of this city, and although four or five cannon-shots were fired at them, they took away some herds that were there. The Prince of Orange would have come to Antwerp after this great loss of Lierre, but his Highness did not allow him. Meanwhile he has sent M, de Sainte-Aldegonde, arid M. Junitts, who,

ELIZABETH.

243

AJ>. 1582.

with the chief magistrates and the colonels, are not failing with all diligence to see to all that is necessary for the safety and preservation of this city. May God assist them with His grace, for very true is the saying of the prophet: Nisi Damimis ctistodierit civitatem, frustra vigilat qui eustodii earn. Today meets the Great Council, called by them ' Brimrat,' to mate such proposals as the present state requires. I can tell you nothing more now that I know of, except that they say there are already arrived towards Namur the 30 ensigns of Spaniards and 50 of Italian, to the hurt of these wretched countries. May God destroy them with the rest of the enemy, and bring them to ruin. It is of late written from Constantinople that the Persians routed about 3,000 cavalry, of 10,000 that were there, with 4 sandjaks killed and 20 taken prisoners, and that they have taken a place called Bachalla; and that therefore they have in Constantinople thrown down the platform where the Persian ambassador stood to see the pageants {trionfi), and put him in prison, and were sending 13 galleys to transport men and munitions into the Mediterranean, and further bidding Sinnan make haste to address himself to the field. From Venice they write that a thunderbolt (saetta) struck tfee tower of St. Mark's at night in the same place where one struck a few days ago; and has spoilt what they had just put right. —Antwerp, 12 August 1582. j |

P.8.—It is said that 200 of Count Mansfeld's reiters were surprised on a sudden in a village by the enemy, and put to flight, and some slain and taken" prisoners. But you will have better information about it. A sailor late arrived here from Bouen relates that in that city and other places in Normandy a royal proclamation has been made that no one shall in future on pain of Ms life1 traffic into Spain, • This will be of great consequence. Endd. Ital. %tpp. \Holk and Fl. XFL 104.]

•

Aug. an

239.

The PETNCB OF PABMA to the BABON OF ANHOKT

(1) Yon will see by the Queen of England's letter, a copy of which is appended, that she complains of the small effect produced . by those -which I "wrote these last days to yon and to Colonel Schenck for the release of Daniel Eogers, who she says is still detained. This moves me to send you alfesh this word of reminder, to request you and at the same time order on behalf of the King, my master, that •whetber-Bogers be detained by you or by Sehenek, he is to be released in conformity with our former letter, to widen I refer; being assured that according to the, contents thereof my order will have its full effect in giving all' satisfaction to &e Queen, as Ma Majesty has commanded. As for the expenses, you •will see that they are not charged unduly and unreasonably, so that they may not proceed to farther eompMnts.—I'roiH tlie camp by Bergb.es-Saint-Winoekj 11 August 1582. -

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FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

i

.

• •

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'

. (2) Since I*wrote the letter herewith, the bearer of this sent to me by the Qmeen of England has complained 'of the costs and expenses -which he says Daniel Rogers has been charged for what has been furnished to him. during the time of his detention there. Since in order to please the Queen, his Majesty and I in his name have ordered the release of Rogers, it seems to me that to give her all the more entire satisfaction, it -will be necessary to moderate the sum at which his expenses are reckoned (taotk) and to reduce it to the fairest possible price. I have mean-while, ordered that in case any. difficulty should arise (sourdist) on this matter between the party and you, the first and senior member oi the Chamber of Accounts in G-uelderland should intervene to settle the difference, upon a review of the whole, and fco level down (esgaler) the sum in question on the most just and reasonable rate (taux) that may be possible.' And- seeing that by the further detention of Rogers the expenses may be further increased, it will be well that after taking reasonable guarantee (caution solvente) you should release him pending the negotiation, as to the;furnishing of such sum as the • whole may amount to.. • 1 expect that both in this and the former matter you will adapt and regulate yourself as I hope from your good natural disposition; wherein you will do what is agreeable to me, , for the desire I have to give satisfaction to his Majesty, who it seems will regard the above as a singular service.—From the camp by Berghes-Saint-Winockj 12 August 1582.

•

Copies ; (1) in a clerk's handt <(2) in that ofEUenne Lesieur. Endd. Fr. Ip.an&lf. (HoU. and FL XVI. 105.]Aug. 13

240.

DB HHOTOE NUKEZ to

I send you enclosed such news as I have received by way of Elanders concerning the matters of my country. This day I was told in the Exchange that King 'Antoney* was in Yiana; but I believe it is untrue, because I spoke with one man who came thence, and the 10th of last month there was no such aews, and all the country was quiet.—IVom my house, 18 August 1582. Your most 'ombell.' Add. Endd. 10 tl. 13

241,

[Portugal I. 82.]

THOMAS LON^STOK to

My last were of 2nd and 4th insi Since then I have not had occasion of writing till now that I received the enclosed from Augsburg, whereby yott may understand Mr
Aug. 18

AM. Enid. I p.

[Soil md Fl. XVI. 10©/}

2|4JS- -The I (M

in the Low, and; Purs?? G

COUNCIL OF STATE

COOHIBIBS

to the

M. A'Okain, nostBaagtej-gejieral for the ii&w €ottfitries? having reptesenipj to. his Highness that oa& Raphael ¥ M dm Putte, postmaster to the Ba&?eba«te* esehsng& at -Lo&ctatt, jxreMmes daily

ELIZABETH. A.D.

U5

1582. to molest and interfere with d'Qhaiii's postmen arriving and sojourning there and departing thence, greatly to the disservice of his Highness and his said countries, we are compelled to beg . that, by the interposition of her Majesty's authority, you will take steps to prevent any such molestation and hindrance in future.— Bruges, .13 August 1582, Signed) A- ijeetkerke, (cmntmsigned) Hoafflin. . . •

;

Add. {seal). Endd. Fr. Aug. 13

243.

I p.

[Ibid. XVI. 107,]

ATJDLEY DANETI to WALSIHGHAM

I received both, your last Tetters at once, and think myself greatly bound to you that you take in good part the small service I can do in these parts.' I g,m here altogether unacquainted, and those few I do know are either unable or unwilling to deliver any matter to me worth the advertising. Your letters written hither in my favour stand me in this stead, that sometimes I have been bold 'with the one' to use his help in some money matters of Mr Morris's business, but not further; but with 77, after my first repair to him, 1 have not the hap to be known, unless at every occasion to speak to him Iput him in mind of your letters, and then Is he every way so strange that I forbear to trouble him. There is a mislike conceived here that men are Very easily commended hitherfoygreat persons out of England, and commonly such men as are indeed unworthy, aB they say, of any commendation. And being some way or other known here to be such, and therefore not receiving the credit they expected by their letters commendatory, they grow discontent with the state . here, and are apt to enter in any practice against them. This discourse has been used to me, but to what end I know not. , • Some speech has been likewise used to me concerning the revolt of our English mutineers, lately gone to the enemy—who are reported to be 300, though I ihiak in fcu& they are not threescore —that her Majesty being very wise, and seeing the issue and success in all wars to be doubtful, to avoid all quarrel hereafter with the king of Spain, if lie should prevail, does not at all mialike &e departure of the said mutineers; or rather is it to be thought, that revolting in so great numbers, they have been advised thei'eto by some secret direction from England. I have thought it not amiss to signify these speeches to yon, without naming the authors, ' beeause it may be that this opinion is conceived by some great ones. The ' speech is revived again to' go to Ghent, but is deferred now till nest week, the 20th of this monlb. There is such suit made to have his Highness thither, that I think in the end he will go; though in all men's opinion much against Ms will. 3?he h,si speech . oj •mwtint&n ms £olin {?) the first 78 [*VilIieirB/ in Wahingl(m'$ hd~\ On Saturday morning the 11th inst arrived MM. da Bellieyre and Bralarl from the French king, * and' are said to be come hither to hear the eonf essionB of Saleedo and bis accomplices, and so to £§trn very shortly.

246

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.P.X582. M. du Plessis departed hence long ago towards Paris, to take instructions from the French Co-art for his journey to the Diet in Germany, having found the means before his departure to get 6,000 florins info his hands for the charges of his journey- But the Duke of Bouillon stays yet at Sedan, his agent here not being able to procure for him one penny as yet, so hardly are these people drawn to disburse any money. 'Being' advertised hither from Germany that the Emperor has proposed some matter not liked by the Princes Protestants; who thereupon are retired, it is thought the Duke of Bouillon's journey to the Diet will be stayed. The enemy's camp lies not far from our forces, -without attempting anything since 'Thursday was sevenight,' at which time the loss fell on their side ; Captain Yorke the elder being hurt in the foot and a brother of Captain Williams slain. Our English pikes saved the overthrow of the whole camp that day. The enemy has taken that advantage of the way that the French forces of foot are constrained to come ovex to Dunkirk by water; and what way the horse will take, whether by water, or by some part of Hainault, is yet uneertainj for being thought to be scarce 4,000 they are too weak to encounter the enemy, though they should come all at once, which is not likely. There arrived a se'nnight ago or thereabouts some 1,500 very brave foot from France, so that now in the whole army, as is certified by the commissaries of the musters, there are 102 ensigns of foot and 33 cornets of horse, besides 1,500 reitera. 1

The commissaries, were sent to muster the camp, but some of them have returned again, having mustered only the reiters. Some say the camp will not muster for one month's pay, considering the ' arrearings' due to them; but I think they are returned rather to certify the whole number of the camp, and to show that the treasurer has not sufficient for one month's pay,' and to crave a new supply. Today those of Ghent have received his Highness's answer that on the 20th he will make his entry at Ghent, and there is great preparation there to receive him, because they will be no whit inferior to this town of Bruges. Many tales are brought here of the enemy's prevailing ha Brabant, which I forbear to write because they are for the most part uncertain; only it appears that the Spaniard's greatest practice in those parts is by corruption, finding all men generally discontented for want of their pay, which is not sought to be redressed. Yet it is thought that they are * in case ' to deal more liberally, if thencovetous humour did not ovei*mueh command them, which will turn greatly to their prejudice in the end. The common sort ate of opinion that these French ambassadors are come hither to publish the king's declaration of himself against the Spaniardj but those of better judgment think the-matter is not come to such ripeness, but will take effect according, to the good or bad success of Don Antonio's navy against the Spaniard, His ambassador is lately come to this town, from Antwerp; but of his master's sueeess I hear nothing.—Bruges, 13 August 1582. Add. Bndd. 8jPp» [HoU and Fl. XVI. 108.]

j ; 1

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582. Aug. 13

[ ! j • I j" j I

244.

•

247

The PEENCE OF CHDIAY to the QUEEN

It is some weeks aince I wrote to offer you my humble service; and fearing that my letter may not have reached your hands, . 1 would not fail, by the opportunity of this bearer, to make this repetition (iterative) in order again to assure you that there is no lord or gentleman in these countries who has moat zealously dedicated himself than I have to be all my life your humble servant, and I desire nothing in the world more than to be honoured with your commands.—Sedan, 13 August 1582. (Signed) Charles de Oroy. Add. Endd. Fr. %pp. [Ibid, XVI. 109.]

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15

I i j »,

245-

FREDERICK II KING OF DSHMAKK to the QUEEN

Letter of thanks for the Order of the Garter (' Garteriorum Ordo,' though the Garter itself is called ' elegam.H Petiscelis') brought by Peregrinej Lord Willoughby, and Gilbert Dethick, King of Arms of the Order.—Kronenborg, 15 August 1582.

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Add.

Endd. Latin.

2J pp.

[Denman-k I. 18.]

,j |

Aug.

15

.

246,

the

The French king commands to be made for your Majesty, as M, Pinart has informed me, a» exceeding princely coach.; haying moreover caused diligently to be provided four of the fairest ' movies' that may be found, to serve for your ' lyttiere,' being moved to show himself in this sort grateful to you on receiving the present you sent him by his falconer. The Queen Mother supposes that her daughter of JSTavaiTe> is with child, o! which she seems to be ' much' joyful, having used the opinions of the most experimented ladiee in this Court and other wise matrons for the discerning of the 'lytkyir likelihood. J8y their judgements it is esteemed the Queen of Navarre is with child; but otherwise there is perceived as yet no especial appearance nor certainty of the matter. f Beseeching * you to grant me of your "grace, and to give me joy through the receiving of your benefits, which I have so long sued and importuned your Highness for.—Paris, 15 August 1582. Add.

Aug 15

OOBHAM to

Endd. -I j), [France VIII. 12,]

2 4 7 . OOBHAM to the Pjsvs COUNCIL Whereas I lately received your lordship's letters with command to seek to have access to the king and his mother, I have obeyed your wills, and had audience of them. I enlarged to them go much as your pleasure -was concerning the printed declaration of Don Antonio, published in French, of his intent-ion against King_ Philip, with all the cireumstanee&^ontainecl in your letters. Ihe king first answered me. that he had not heard -tell of any tmab. declaration given forth by Don Antonio wxthm this realm, sior HA he midei-stand that Don Actoaio should give mth. eommissiom to Im subjeete or

PAPERS. ; any other, bj the authority of which her Majesty's subjects might be impeached of their trade or in any sort damnified. But since it was >. . . thefirst time he had been, moved in this cause he -would confer with - ' •• his mother and Ms Council, to be better informed thereof and •; .', consequently send me a more direet answer. • ' As for the Queen Mother, alter 1 had signified to her as before, she assured me' she had not aeen the 'abovesaid' declaration of Don •' Antonio of which I had made mention to her according to the ' contents of your letter. Howbeife, she had seen, she said, the commissions delivered to Strozzi and others from Don Antonio, by which none could take occasion to have authority in any sort to use hostility to the Queen's subjects. She assured me that any little fault committed that way the ting would cause to be punished so that it might serve for an example- In which matter she 'pretended' •' '-• "likewise to deal with the king to Ms Majesty's further satisfaction. '• .Now, the' twelth' of this present, M. Pinart came to me, declaring how the king and the Queen Mother had willed him to signify to me that the cousin of * Perrador' the consul, dealing for Don Antonio in glanders, had this other day brought with him a declaration of Don Antonio printed in the Low Countries, much to the effect specified in your letter; which, notwithstanding, Secretary Pinart said that the king and Ms mother did not conceive or understand to be meant . . ' or interpreted ±o stretch to the prejudice of her Majesty's subjects, except they showed themselves enemies to Don Antonio. As for the commissions wMch were delivered out for his service, they were intended only against the Portuguese favouring the party of the . , Spanish king in Portugal or in the Isles Don Antonio was repaired to with Ms forces.. •t M. Pinart further specified to me how the King and his mother had willed him to assure me that there should be had that singular regard to her Majesty's subjects according to the MendsMp they ', , . receive from her divers ways, which1 they acknowledge. After M. Pinart had delivered me thus much, I requested him that I might5 have the sight or a eopy of the ' above Don AntoMo's declaration gent out of Flanders by 'Perrador's' cousin. To which he answered he had sent it to the king's ambassador ligier in . . .. Spain, and had kept no copy, being ' a matter printed.' Then I desired him, as I had moved their Majesties before, that the king would write letters to his governors and captains on the sea-coast, that they might advertise such as took commissions of Don Antonio that they should forbear to commit any hostilities against her Majesty's subjects. And that moreover in case any under pretence of Don Antonio's service should bring as a prize ship or goods belonging to her subjects, those ships and goods should at once be set at Hberty by hia governor and captains. To this Secretary Pinart said that if the king wrote any such letters on behalf of her Majesty's subjects, the Spaniards would soon have knowledge of it, and require the like. Therefore &e king and his mother hoped the Queen would be contented with this their-meaning. ' further he promised to have an especial care hereof, beeause the affairs oi the sea-eoasts appertained particularly to his aervfcee A.».

1582.

ELIZABETH. A.D.1582.

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I wrote some days ago to Antonio Brito Pimeirtelli, remaining agent at Tours for Don Antonio'a affairs,- certifying him of the knowledge her Majesty and your lordships had received of the declaration in the commissions delivered by his .King; requiring him to take care and give good order her Majesty's subjects may in no sort he troubled or impeached of their trade by sea by those who arm themselves for his king's service. The answer to this I await; when I receive itj I will send it to Mr Secretary to inform you thereof. This is as much as I have ' passed' for the accomplishing of your letters.—Paris, 15 August 1582.

Zpp. [France Vffl. 13.] Aug. 15

248.

COBHAM to

The king departed hence on the 11th inst. to take his journey of pilgrimage towards Notre Dame de * Pae' in Aavergne, and as it is said from thence to ' St. Glaude' among the Swisses, not far from Geneva. The intent of this he f pretends' to be through, those merits to have succession, His young qu«en is gone towards the baths of ' Bourbonnensi,' where she was last,year. The king is accompanied by the Ditto of. Joyeuse and EjjernoB, with &is Jesuit priests, and followed by the companies of his guard, led by Grillon and Berillae, Sundry opinions "have arisen of the cause of Ms Majesty's journey. Some say he means to advance as far as Languedoc, to have Marshal Montmorenoy come to him, whom he will persuade to leave his government to M, da Joyeu^e upon some composition. Others have conjectured there.will be a meeting between his Majesty and the Duke of Savoy. There are others who have penetrated further into this journey, who judge the ting has vow«d to go on pilgrimage to Our Lady of Loretto in Italy. And although I cannot perceive by M. Pinart or any other person of quality that the king passes any further than Hotre Dame de Puy, I would not ' leave' to certify you. of those uncertain opinions spread in this Court ~ • as how they suppose also that when the king shall not rteap the irait of succession through this manner of meritorious devotions he will was weary of these painful pilgrimages. He did not eonteni his psiraees with any gracious parting, having left his mother as Eegent oi France with -very ample power; .reserving from her the gifts of "benefices- She has, since the king's going, seemed very mueh to force the Cordeliers ' they might' accept of their Italian General, one of the House -of Gronzaga. But the Chief President M. de Thou, meeting with the Queen Mo&er on the 12th inst. at the Holy Chapel to the Palace,feyher appointment, showed her that'if: she should endeavour to place a stranger General on the Order of the Cordeliers, she undertook a siatter against the royal power of the king and fee laws of France, He «otiM not ctraseni to serve her therein ;•—with many speeches contrary to her mind, which she found strange. It is esteemed that if ghe prosecutes J&e placing o£ this Italian G-snetal, »he will renew the ill-win towards |he Italians, withal * Impeaching' very much the proceedings oi her son in Flanders.

250

FOREIGN PAPEBS.

A.D.1582.

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The Duke of Beta and the Bishop ofParis are often many hours' in council with the Queen Motherland the Italians begin to take courage. Contrariwise, the others grow discontented. This is the humour for the present in this Court, so far as I can signify. I have received advertisements lately from Geneva that they now again discovered other traitors within their town; so as yet the Duke of Savoy has not retired his forces. Perhaps the approach of the king towards those parts will divert the Duke's enterprisers they in this Court conjecture. They have spread about these two days that the French navy has fought with the Spaniards; in which fight Strozai is said to be slain. But of it no certain advertisement appears, but by letters from Bordeaux. . • I hear the King of Navarre has already departed with the Princes of Conde so far as Bordeaux.—Paris, 15 August 1582... Add. Endd^ (Probably serving for this and the last.) {Bid. VIII. 14.] . Aug. 15

249.

COBHAM to

Since I hear the Guises had ' by means' laid wait to intercept letters passing towards Flanders by way of Calais, I have resolved to send this by \?ay of Dieppe. The Guises are much' offended' with the apprehension of Salcedo. The memorials and instructions which Salcedo wrote were left in the Treasurer's clerk's house— Treasurer of Lorraine—were not found. The Duke of Nevers is returned suddenly from his house, being one of the parties with'the Guises in all their causes. Monsieur has written, I hear, to the Duke of Montpensier not to depart from MB government. So now too late he says he will not depart from it, whereon there is a broil between him and his wife. The Prince Dauphin marches slowly in the affairs of the Duke of Brabant. I hear MM. Bellie"vre and Brulart are sent to understand thoroughly the confession of Sabedo and to treat for the life of the Count of Egmont's brother. But M. Pinart informed me, the last speech I had this last day with him, that they were gone to understand Monsieur's resolution for the marriage'; which being known, the king will not' stick to guyte' the Queen of the charges of the wars of Flanders, so that the marriage may proceed.—•Paris, 15 August 1582. Add. Mndd. 1 p. Aug.

15

250.

{Ibid, VIII. 15.]

COBHAM to

This other day the King of Navarre's gentleman, M. de Senegas, of whom X lately wrote, came to me and delivered the king his master's letters, a copy of which I enclose herewith, He farther showed me that he was dispatched first to pass into Flanders to Monsieur to the intent he should signify to him that the' king being of noble courage, and desirous to make show of his valorous

ELIZABETH.

251

A.D.1582.

inclination, having present commodity through some intelligence in Navarre, has proposed to 'make proof to recover his kingdom, or a better part of it, which the Spanish king has so long perforce detained. Howbeit the King of Navarre would not move himself to undertake so high an enterprise without the hking and advice first had of the Duke of Brabant and of the Queen. Wherefore likewise for the same purpose, M. de Senegas is appointed to repair into England, as he informed me. And because the King of Navarre has required me to further his intentions so much as , lies in me, I beseech you to be a means to her Majesty to like well and encourage the liing to prosecute ( in ' his lawful name against the common enemy to the Church of God- I refer the rest to your consideration. .. I would not * leave' also to let you know how the Bishop of Glasgow and those of the Scottish faction have reported that the Scottish king has lately caused to be apprehended the earls of '£ Glyncarne' and 'Mountrose/ the Lords of Lindsey, ' Eyvaine,' Loeheleven,' ' Tyllebame.' But though their intent be such, I hope God will have otherwise disposed those causes.—Paris, 15 August 1582. • . Holograph. 2 pp. [Ibid. VIII. 16.] Enclosed in above: July 28 2 5 1 . The KING- OF NAVAKBB to OOBHAM I am sending M. de Senegas to' "Monsieur on certain business, and have* also commanded him to goto the Queen your mistress, and to see you before setting out to give you news of me. Please trust him as myself, and be sure that she hag no relatives in the world nor other person better affected to her service than I, as I hope to shew her by effects that will aoi be unacceptable to her, and the utility of which. she will share, so that I think she will favour me therein. To which I beg you to dispose her,—Les Essars, 28 July 1582. (Signed) Henry. Copy. Fr. 1 p. [IWtf. VIII. 16a.] One AM. and E%clt. for letter ami enclosure. Aug.

15

252.

ETIBNNB LESIBTJB to

Being arrived in this town, I would not fail to advertise you of i&e Prince of Parma's answer to her Majesty's letter, and to thai; which I declared to him by word of mouth, which you see in full by the enclosed copy of his letters to the Baron of Anholt (See No. -2B9) commanding him to release Mr Bogers provided that all expenses are met. Several applications (repUques) did I make to him and his councillors, giving them to understand that her_ Majesty's intention -was to have her ambassador set at liberty without any exception, but my applications failed to get any footing in their regard, as you may see by the copies of the letters; with whieh, by the help of God, I am on my way to Antwerp to wait there Mil .the next post, in case you •write me anything. Then I shall go to the

252

FOBEIGN PAPERS.

A.P.1582.

'

'

Duke of Olmes, and try (while awaiting the mone^ lor the expenses) to get Mr Bogers out of that strait prison in. which he is. Meanwhile I beseech you to have some care pi him, as I know you have, and'to be an intercessor for him to her Majesty, that by her means this poor good gentleman, who is her very £aithful servant, may be delivered from this long and grievous detention in the hands of worse than barbarians. As. for the sum, you have already the • particulars of it up to June last; they are and will be larger if he continues longer. It will be an easy thing (under your correction if I presume so far) for the ecclesiastical Estate in England to meet the sum, seeing thai his negotiation was set on foot by them. Heithey by laimself nor by his relations has he the means of meeting it, which is the reason why I am bold to, write niy notion of it to you, to the end that I may learn from- yon as soon as possible what her Majesty decides as to the expenses in question, and how I am to conduct myself hereafter in prosecuting this. I will leave orders that your letters may be forwarded from Antwerp to wherever I am.

•

During my stay^t the Prince of Parma's camp, which was by the space of eight days, I was allowed to .go nowhere but where my business required, and then accompanied by two gentleman, that I might not go where they did not wish, for some suspicion which, they had of me. During this time, ' it was not ' without plenty of disputes with several gentlemen on divers subjects, which would be too wearisome to you if I wrote them down. The English, to the number of 300 orsmore, who went over to that side, are highly esteemed and caressed, The Prince of Parma has caused them to have three ensigns to make up their companies', and tries to comply with all their requests; which to my thinking is a policy to attract more to Mm, which aao doubt he will succeed in doing, if the French in this camp do not treat the English nation better than they have done up to the present. Yesterday they were expecting 3,000 Spaniards and 2,000 Bohemian pioneers, the Spaniards being the advance-guard of & larger number, Spaniards and Italians, who are to arrive very soon, and who they say are more than 12,000 horse and foot,, all old soldiers and in good order. . La Motte at {^ravelinee has been- very ill and in great danger, so • much that on the 10th he received the Sacrament. I spoke to him yesterday, and he was beginning to get better. I find a fine and very resolute nobility in that camp, everything very cheap, and all WelWisciplined; wMeh makes me fear thftt if the Puke of Aleneon •does not make better prowsion ifasm appearances ahow, he will have enough to do. -1 leave you to ptlge. what may happen; the subject is too great for me. J?rom. Oalafs I took with.me a courier &rjd horses oJ that town, to whom by the secret privity of the Prince of Parma had been givw two letters to J)on Beroaxdino de Mendoaa, with orders not to show them to me nor let me know anything o£ them. Notwifcstanding the said courier could not h^ffp himself BO secret that I did not perceive it. Meanwhile I gave erd$r'to certain English passengers, people kmym. to me, that if sueh letters eame to there

ELIZABETH.

253 A.-D. 1582. . hands, they should send them to you; su likewise I am sending you the present packet, which was given me by the Secretary of State, named Garnier, I say and do this for the little affection that I know them to have to the good and prosperity of her Majesty and her country; to maintain which, in whatever time and place I may find myself, or whatever I may hear to the contrary, as has already happened several times,. I shall not fail to do my duty in that respect.—Dunkirk, 15 August 1582. .AM. Endd. Fr. 2 pp. [Hall, and Fl. XVI. 110.] Aug. 16.

253.

ETIENNB LBSIBUE to "WALSINGHAM

Before my departure from this town the camp was raised, which happened last night, and they are gone towards ' Newport.' I have not as yet been able to learn the reason, unless it were the coming of the Spaniards to the other camp, which I mentioned in my letter. When passing through Calais I heard that all licenses and passports for the transport of munitions of war were prohibited, both, on our - side and on tEe other. Matters are at present in a piteous state for these poor countries if God do not set a hand to it. You shall soon hear the result of this change. Dunkirk, 16 August 1582. Add, Endd. Fr. § p. [Bid. XVI. 111.]

.

Aug. 18

254.

ARNOLD WITTJFBIJDT to WALBINGBAM

In common with all good men it is given me great joy to witness the investiture of my master with the Order of the Garter by Peregrine, Baron of Willoughby and Eresby, and the venerable King of Arms. The Order, as historians tell us, took its rise from an honourable and praise worthy thought; and its insignia are .of great force in conciliating the minds of princes and will always remain the symbol of mutual amity. Our king having accepted them most kindly, amid public rejoicings, we cannot doubt but that that matter will be brought to the desired end, to be a joy to friends, a grief and envy to enemies and rivals. Therefore we, who are the ministers of princes that 'worship G-od aright, must work all the more zealously, that this friendship so honourably confirmed between the King and the Queen may not only be lasting, but may increase from day to day. If I with my moderate powers can do anything for the good of the Chureh and the Christian Common: wealth (though owing to ray weak health the king has graciously released me from public functions, and I lead a private life), I feel that I must strive with all the powers of a mind that is not failing to let you understand that your kind communication to me upon - those matters was especially agreeable to me, and had very great . weight with me. In this I follow is the first place the counsel of HioolasKaas, our Chancellor, and president; of the king's senate, whose conduct is so much directed t<3 the glory of God and th£ promotion of the common benefit that both the Church and the Commoirwealfli of these realms regard him with deserved grafcitade,-—-Elsiztore on the Oresund, 18 August 1582. Holograph. Add. {DhLlQ}

Endd: She Secretary of Dema&rk,

W»,

254

FOREIGN PAPBES.

A.D. 1582. Aug. 18 -

255.

Dv VEROHSE to WALSINGHAM

Whereas her Majesty has lately written to us to send her a dispatch, arid we have thought it our daty, since we find she is not sufficiently informed on various points concerning the administration of her dowry, to give her the information she desires, as we are doing by these, which we are now sending by the present bearer, one of my special messengers (9 egepres) ; and inasmuch as she • has seemed to us to complain that she has heard nothing of matters on which we have heretofore written to her in sundry letters, which we can only think has proceeded from their failure to be delivered to her, I humbly beg you, as do all the gentlemen of her Council here, that for her good and. service you will cause this bearer to be allowed free passage to go and visit her, while M. du Buisseau, who has gone to her, i's there; in order that in person she may be, and may satisfy and clear up everything, and that you would mate no difficulty. He has been charged by us to keep himself near you until he has good information from ner Majesty 'that she has received our dispatch, in order that he may bring the reply. And if you please to instruct the bearer to let her understand, or ±he Earl of Shrewsbury, that we humbly beg her to see our dispatch. herself, we shall remain your much obliged and your humble servants, as sincerely as I assure you that there is nothing in the dispatch but what concerns her dowry, as you may see if she [sic] pleases.—Paris, 18 August 1582. Add. Aug.

18

25e.

Endd. Fr.

1 p.

[France VIII. 17.]

M. DIE PENA to WALSTNGHAII

_ It is certain that- every truly noble soul, endowed with some singular grace by the sovereign, naturally takes pleasure in aiding and giving a helping hand to even those who do not beg of it, of themselves [sic] desiring to have an opportunity of exercising the virtuous gift, that they may not have received it in vain. All the more have I, being ao humble and old-standing a servant of yours, and knowing the honour and sincerity wherewith God has so lavishly {planteweusement) adorned you, ventured to beg you, as I do again most humbly, to do me the favour of letting Mr Dale know • how ill I have been recompensed for all the honourable service that I did for him, even for the sum of 50 ecus soleil which I lent him at Lyons, of which it is now the seventh year that 1 cannot get any account, nor even an answer to all my letters and prayers which I have made to him and had made by others. In such wise that of all whom I have ever known of his calling and nation, he had had the least consideration and worthiness as regards me. IPor looking to the quality of the service I did him, and many another detail and circumstance, it will be found that I deserved other thanks. He was at the time at Lyons, where he could not easily get anything; money was going up, and no one knew anything of him. Nor should it be forgotten that he employed it on wine and other goods, . which .he sent elsewhere, where, as I am told, he made a great profit ou the money. I had no other .knowledge of him save & t I

ELIZABETH. A.D.1582.

255

.

judged he could not be your successor without being your intimate servant and friend, as he assured me he was when occasion arose to make mention of it. Further the desire and obligation which I had, and shall have all my life, to serve those who serve the Queen and a country where I have received so much good treatment and courtesy induced me to do this in so modest a style that I would not summon (? ccmypeller) him as a merchant or mercenary person would have done, but let him have the convenience of the money so long as he wanted it; judging that as a person of so honourable quality and office, not only would he not wish to mate his convenience out of my inconvenience, but would himself indemnify me alike for the principal,* and for certain honourable apports established in the country. And inasmuch as I am told that you are of opinion I should present a request to her Majesty, whose divine spirit "Will soon comprehend the'equity of my case -when recited by you, please do me the honour of letting one of your secretaries draw up the paper or placet. I humbly beg that as I have always desired to be held for one of your servants, though I have never done you any service, you will intercede favourably for me herein.—'Paris, 18 August. Add. Endd. Fr. 3 pp. [France VIII. 18.] Aug. 19

257.

COBETAM to WAXSINQHAM

I am entreated by this bearer, Signor Carlo Do'ni, to recommend him to you, having likewise been desired by other 'gentlemen Italians' to accompany him with letters of favour, whereby lie might the better pass into England, to see London and her Majesty's Court. This gentleman is brother to M. Doni, one of Queen Mother's treasurers, and kinsman to Count Chateauvilain. I beseech you lie may be received into your grace.—Paris, 19 August 1582.

AM. Endd. ip. Aug. 19

258.

[Ibid: VIII. 19.]

STOKES to WALSINGHAM

My last to you was the 12th inst. Since when there is a great sadden alteration here, to the great raislihmg of all rnen here; and that is because Monsieur has very suddenly caused his camp to remove from Dunkirk and those parts, and will put his soldiers into towna here in Manders and Brabant,- for they (give out the speeches' they were too weak io lie "there, or to keep the field anjr longer. This discourages the hearts of all 'these countrypeopki from the highest to the lowest, for surely they wholly mislike these dealings; for now that the enemy has the open country at command he will put some principal towns in danger to be lost or it be long. • Bo there is great fear among them, and it is grievous to heat the great disorder there is among the soldiers on this side, which is only for want of good government. They make more spoil of the country and their friends than the enemy does, which makes the country people desperate; who ' seem' rather to yield to the eaemy than to continue" in this great misery. So at present here is a troublesome state : God send it better for them.

FOREIGN PAPEBS. A.D.1582.

•

'

In Berghea, Dteamde, Feiirne, 'Newport/ Dunkirk, Ostend, ' Blue' and Damme—in all these towns are placed * fall' of Frenchmen; and though these towns greatly mislike these dealings, yet it is thought by some it is done for the better contentment of the French king, to the end he may see what good credit the country gives to Monsieur and the French soldiers. The rest of the camp lie about this town, and it is said they will be mustered this afternoon or tomorrow, and'"will' pay them a month's pay, and then they will "march towards Ghent and then into Brabant.. There are now sundry speeches given ou% here of Monsieur's* forces that should come from France; for some say they are stayed in France and will not come, and some say they will be here before the end of this month. But I hear the most part greatly fear there Will none come, for they say the King of Spain has too many great friends in France. This week 41 ensigna of foot, Italians and Spaniards, arrived in the enemy's camp ; 500 of them halberdiers, "well armed, "with good corselets, and S00 great musket-shot. The rest are pikes and small shot, well in order. After these companies had entered the enemy's government, the Prince of Parma caused them to march day and night, because his camp waa before too weak in footmen. So now they are strong, -and they will yet be stronger, for the speech is they look for more horse and foot from Germany; so it ia feared they will put this side in great danger this winter. The enemy's camp lies atiU in their old, place beside Berghes, where it is said they -will besiege that town, and Some say they will besiege Dkmude or Ypres. But most think they will fall upon Dunkirk, which is the ' likest' of all, because they have no seatowns under their government. . .

This morning at 8 o'clock the Duke of Brabant and the Prinee of Orange departed from this town overland towards Ghent • - • . - . God speed them well. The speech is, he will return hither' again in lees than a month; notwithstanding, by many it is thought to the contrary, for all his baggage is sent from hence. By all reports the Gentners have made great preparations for receiving Monsieur, so that it seems he will be received with many ' tone' shows of gladness, which will surpass all other towns. This morning M. 'AmyrauV Egmont is sent with a, strong guard to the castle of Sluys, where he will He a prisoner; and Captain Salcedo ie sent to Ghent, also this morning, in a ' waggen' with fetters of irons on Ms legs and arms, with a strong guard of soldiers. The rest will remain in prison in this town. This morning came to this town, before Monsieur departed, 7 small firkins with Baoney out of England, which seemed very i oyful news to the Commons here. Monsieur has carried them with him to Ghent, ae that the coming of this money has very much comforted their hearts, «nd it came in great good time to pay their camp.—Bruges, 19 August 15$2

ELIZABETH. A.D.

257

1582. P-S.—The camp is commanded to march to Mccloo, where they will muster and receive their pay. .This evening Captain Yorke came to this town in a horse-litter, and tomorrow rides to Grhent. • His hurt in his foot mends rexy well. H e will write to you from Ghent. Herewith I send you a letter from H . de Yilliers. Add.

Aug. 19

Endd.

3 pp.

[Holl. and Fl. XVI. 112.]

2 5 9 . AtrrHiET DA^TETT to WALSINGHAM Since my last of the 13th, sent to yon by the Dutch post, I received yours of the 11th, and with it a packet directed to the Prince, which I delivered immediately upon the receipt of it. I moved him touching Browne the minister, and because M. de SainteAldegonde was not back from Antwerp, he gave order to M. Yilliers. to put him in mind of an order to be taken in that behalf, which M. Villiers promises to see performed ' with' the first opportunity. . The enemy's camp has lately been increased to the number of 6,000 foot and 1,200 horse; our forces being too weak, if they had been assailed (whereunto the enemy had made great preparation, as well for bridges to pass the river aa otherwise) suddenly about one or two o'clock in the morning on Thursday the 16th, dislodged, without drum or trumpets or any ' b r u t e ' at all, and marched that night beyond ' Newport' and this day passed on the backside of this town towards G h e n t ; whither departed the same day also in the morning his Highness, the Princes of Orange and Epinoy, MM. de Bellievre and Brulart, The enemy's camp is also on foot, as it is reported in this town; but Captain Yorke, who eame yesterday at 9 o'clock in the morning frota Dunkirk, says they were not all risen, but only some few; who ranged up and down to take the spoil as they could find it. The people in these parts are greatly grieved that the camp is risen without anything done against the enemy; who it is feared will attempt some town or other hereabouts. Nevertheless there is great difficulty made to receive any garrison, "especially of the French. Bergen by Dunkirk has received 9 companies French; Dunkirk'will no more than was placed before.' * Newport' has admitted with much ado 5 companies Walloons, and Ostend still say they will none ; yet it is said that now they are content to take two or three Walloon companies, b a t to continue no longer than the enemy's camp remains in these parts. The camp is not yet mustered, nor the soldiers paid, except the . reiters. The musters have for long been put off from day to day, so that the poor country is" clean out of all hope of auy p a y ; but since yesterday morning they have taken better courage, hearing of 7 firkins of money arrived at Slays, Our nafaon grows daily discontented, and truly not without great cause. The better part of all the camp, either for number or for strength, are the English, and yet are not fxeir numbers full by ameli; «nd 1^ cannot perceive that any great account is mad© of fchesij especially of 16077

»

"FOREIGN PAPERS.

258

late, aince the departure of, our late mutineers, who by the report oi ' Steyens ' " [«.«. Etienne Lesieurj, one that follows Daniel Roger's cause, coming lately from the enemy s camp, are said to be 300. Daily our people either repair into England,'or some number go to the enemy, who treats them, as it is here said, ' very well and has given them three ensigns; which will cause many to follow after, if the States here do not use them better. On Thursday the 16th, certain persons of this town, both men . • and women, were cited before the magistrates, and being convicted • for' going to masB to his Highneas's chapel within his Court, were condemned to pay 80 guilders apiece, and such as did not pay were commanded to prison till they satisfied the magistrates' ordinance. Touching the general of the English regiments, lately he assembled the captains and some other officers, and there before all so eleared himself of the slander raised of him touching the detaining of their pay, that not one man was able to charge him. Mr Norris surely is wise, and of a" singular patience, so that there is good hope all unkindness will be. forgotten. Only Capt. Williams, who has been most beholden to him, uses him worst; but I trust upon better advisement he will frame himself to a better course. I am now presently repairing towards Ghent, where his Highness will remain sis or seven days, as it is said; and so to Antwerp, as I hear, and the camp to lie in Brabant, whence I will advertise you of such things as fall out.—Bruges, 19 August 1582. AM. Aug. .19

260.

Endd. Z%pp. [Holl. and Fl. XVI. 113.] PIETKO BIKABKI to

As concerns the Imperial Diet, and. the departure of certain princes, and finally about the results of it, I write nothing to you, in order not to prejudice the diligence of Mr Gilpin and Mr William ' Herlem,' by whom you are fully advertised. Becently is come here Count ' Hollaeh,' and his people are staying within a mile,.or rather a league, of Antwerp. The enemy at Lierre have sent for the Bishop of Euremond to reconsecrate the church of the plaee. When he was on the road, he was surprised at the gates of Antwerp, and though he offered 3000 or 4000 florins for his ransom, being mounted on a very fiery horse, and not being able to cheek it, the enemy fearing lest he should escape killed him with a harctuebues-shot, and took about 10 of his companyIt is regarded as a eertainty that Ms Highness with his Excellency will be at Ghent on the 20th insi, and they saytnau already many deputies from the confederated cities and provinces are arrived there, and that those from Overyssel, Fneslano, Guclderland and Utrecht were likewise expected. It is reported that in Meissen, a province belonging to the Duke of Saxony, there are already raised in the name of the King oi Spain about SOOO German soldiers under the command of Colonel Gaspar Kotwjts,

ELIZABETH. A.D.

259

1582. Ths magistrates of Cologne have resolved to have no religion, but the Bomari, and have accordingly made vigorous proclamation against those of another religion, giving them a very shortly space to make up their minds, whether they will live like the others, or depart in 2 months at latest. Every day one of them is turned out of the ity God aid us with His goodness and mercy, ne Meant gentes, tiH est Dens eomm? Antwerp, 19 August. P.S.—It is said that his Highness's camp will soon be moved here. It is said that Don Antonio's fleet has taken the island of St. Michael's, although the victory was bloody, with the loss of Count Brissac, and that he had taken some Spanish ships. If it is so you will know it mueh better than I. Add. Endd, Ital.

Aug.

20

261.

1J pp.

[HoU. and Fl. XVI. 114.]

NICOLAS KAAS to WALSIN-SHAM

• I commend to you in no ordinary terms, but. as we usually commend those for whom we desire specially good treatment,, the Somerset Herald, who has admirably performed- his office among .the rest of the Queen's legation. Please do all you can for Mm, to let him know that he has gained some advantage from our friendship, and that this commendation has been of service to him.— Elsinore, 26 August 1582. (Signed) Nieolaus Kaas de Torup Cancellarius. Add. Endd. Latin, § p.

Aug.

20

262.

[pmmark L 21,]

NICHOLAS^ KAAS to WAISUKJEAM

I received your letter full of kindness, written from Greenwich on July 8, which was acceptable to me under many heads, but for two reasons especially; first because it contained a very_ pleasant mention of the friendship existing between our sovereigns, and . secondly because it testified to your eminent, ay, heroie, efforts to increase the bond between them. The one of these belonging as it does both to G-od's honour and the common good of Christendom, while the other pertains to your own singular virtue, we may most justly not only congratulate our sovereigns and ourselves on this good fortune and mutual harmony of minds, but also work for its conservation and daily increase, and that It may not be overthrown or diminished by any craft of malevolent men. Wherein if I can do any good I will not fail, and show you and all Christendom my desire to deserve welL \The rest mueh as in No. 256.]—Ekiuore, 20 August 1&82. Add, Endd, Latin. %%pp. [Md. 1.22.]

FOEEIGN PAPJ3BS.

260 A.D. 1582,

Aug. 20

263.

Captain Williams's Muster-book Diggory Hemmar. Henry Power. Henry Sheperde. Edward Martin. Charles Williams, •. Matthew Morgan, cornet; Robert Dyamon. Page. Richard Mathew, tram peter, Richard Deane. Robert Lockwood* William Baker, trumpeter. Bnrnaby Daniell, trumpeter. Robert Harvye. John Tayllur. John Rudgis, olerk, John Banister. Han Be van Blmden, smith, Richard Jugge. Christiaa, Surgeon. •Walter Glasse, : Robert Savage, saddler'. Richard Sturton. John Stevenson, corporal. Richard Lewes. John Webb, corporal. William Tether. John Owen, corporal. Philip Vaughan. v Francis Tere. Morris Evans. William Gwynn. Richard. Pry ce, George Vaughan. John Rycroste. Lionel Oooper. Thomas IParer. Leonard Pope. William Smythe. Richard Lowles, William Etuson. John Morel]. Richard Snttoh. Richard Smythe. John Williams. Walter Smythe. Rich&rd Sty age. Lorauea Ploton (?) Peter Dabeseott. Loranoe Poneherton. Hanse von Harbrowe, George Gilbarte. Henry Stafford. Robert Sfeor. John Williams, Richard Smythe, senior.

Boger Williams, captain ; Pages, two. John Vere, lieutenant;

William May. Renere Freyste. Mark Angell. Tonslow (f) Morowe. Jaquea de Oloster. William Feding. James Myohills. Thomas Breton. Nicholas Johnson, Henry Shanboryne. John Piere. Johii Dellanaoye. Jarer (?) Hoyssen. Thomas Butier. Aathony Dellahay. Glade Hugoo. flash Williams, Griffin Williams. Robert Griffin. William Miller. Peter Posseyre, Robert Peter. Humfrey Matthew. John Lewall. Thomas Bverard, John Harte. Robert Symone. Charles GoldiDg-

We the undersigned, ordinary commissaries of musters for the Low Countries, certify to all whom it may concern, that we have this day, 20 August 1582, passed in muster Capt. Williama's English company of light horse, in the camp at Maldegem; in which we found 62 laneers and 20 mounted harquebusiers, all well mounted and armed for his Highness's service. They will be paid by the military treasurer-general, M. Thierry van der Beken, on the accustomed scale, and that for one month's pay, from the 1st of May last to the 30th inst. reckoned at 30 days [sic], viz. for the 62 lancers at 18 florins, 1116 flmins,ior their tenth, 111 florins 12 sols, and the 20 harquebusiere at 15 florins,, BOO Harms, their tenth, SO florins. The captain's pay, 100 florins, the lieutenant 50, the cornet 25; the total amounting to the sum of 1782 florins 12 sols. When the treasurer brings up this with the captain's receipt it will be passed and allowed (alloue) in his accounts. In witness whereof we have signed the present this 20th of August 1582. (Signed) Jaques Eoseel. Endd.: Rates of pay noted in margvn by Burghley, 6 blank. [Roll and ffl. XVI. 115.] Aug. 20

264.

Fr.

16 ffl-

PIHKO IULNDI to

I arrived here yesterday, and have given into their own hands the letters given me for Captain Masino del Bene and Captain Sassetti. The packet for Signer Pallavieino, since he had gone, I send baek with this to you^ and I am imting this only to' accompany it. I a#i

:•'ELIZABETH.

set!

A.D. 1582". handing it to Painter your servant, who promises me to take it safely. He has been-sent by the ambassador resident here to go and find a gentleman who was captured by the Malcontents and plundered, and then let go, and is at Nampont.—Paris, 20 August 1582. Add: Endd. Ital Aug. 20

265.

I p.

[France VIII. 20.]

TOMASO SASSETTI to

Your most courteous letter obliges me in such fashion that you will see by the effeets how much I am your true and faithful servant; and as soon as I can leave ray bed, I 'will betake myself this time to living in the service of your Queen. And since I have written at length, to Signor Jaeopo Mannucci how the rout of Don Antonio's fleet has been reported here, and how it is related by M. de Brissac's men, and there are doubts as to whether there was a failure of loyalty, two ships having been lost, and they say that Stroazi is dead in captivity, and Don Antonio at Tercera, and so they say ' God help them.' And since Signor Mannucci ia sure to show you his letter at once, I need say no. more.—Paris, 20 August 1582.

Add. Endd. Ital. 1 p. \Rid: VIII. 21.] Aug. 21

266.

COBHAM to

I have ( stayed' to write anything of the sundry bruits and advertisements sent to the Queen Mother by Meilleraye, Charlevoix and M. d'O, touching the meeting of the Spanish and French navies, with the disorder which is ' delivered forth' to have passed, because of the uncertain reports, which were, such at first that the Queen Mother was for two or three days given to understand th&t Strozzi was dead; which made her shed more tears, with shows of greater sorrows, than has appeared in her at the death of any of her children. But now the coming to Court of Xeppeville, captain of Count Brissac's ship, in which the said count is returned, has brought such news that she ia in hope M. Strozzf is not drowned or slain, but hurt and taken, Howbeit, his information is not accounted so assured, because he speaks as one who fled away. This Captain Neppeville has informed the Queen Mother how after Strozzi had entered the Isle of St. Miehael, remaining victorious, save that there were 200 or 300 Spaniards who had saved themselves in a little fortress which he intended to have besieged, there came withal advertisements to him that the Spanish fleet approached. Whereupon they embarked their soldiers, putting themselves in order to encounter the enemy on the seas. Howbeit, since the captains and principal personages of the French fleet were not all of opinion to assail the enemy, both the navies lay in sight of one another till July 25, when M. Strozzi perceiving tee wind •would turn to iiheir disadvantage sent word to Count Brissac and the rest of the captains that he wag' resolved to give the oeaset on the Spanish fleet, desiring Mm to follow him. So M. Sfaozra, being gone out of bis 'iinwylde' jjy. unwieldy] hvSk, haviog

262 A.D.

:

•

: FOBEIGN PAPERS.

1582. embarked in the ship of M. de Beaumont, Count Brissac's lieutenant, caused the sails to be 'hoyBed,' and setting forward was incontinently encountered by two Spanish gallions, with whom he fought, and Count Brissac assisted him with his ship, but {with contrary wind was put from the fight,' and seeing the rest of the navy fly, sought the means to take his course towards France. Captain Neppeville reports that he saw M. Strozzi's ship overcome and MoiBelf taken prisoner, being hurt in the head; wherewith the Queen Mother comforts herself that -M. Strozzi lives, though no ' singular credit is to he given to the reporter. It is looked for here that some more certain news might come from England. I hear • Signor Landi has delivered such knowledge of this as he had understood there; he came hither on the 19th inst. They report that Don Antonio was gone before the battle with certain vessels towards the Isles of ' Maderes.'. The Queen Mother doubts lest this mischance happened to the French fleet will somewhat discourage her son and those who depend on his faction in Flanders. : The Guises 'he made all to' become ill-satisfied with MonsieuT for sending to the king the particulars of Salcedo's confessions, whereby they and many' of their followers, governors of divers towns and provinces, have been so deeply touched. Notwithstanding the king has. given his mother power to govern his realm as regent, she passes nothing but it- is referred to his liking. Monsieur has sent hither M. de Plessis to pass into Germany; but not receiving the money his Highness assigned him, he is ready to send Ms dispatch back. The other day I was intreated to write to you by one Carlo Doni, brother to the Treasurer Doni, at the instance of some of my Italian friends. I suppose he is sufficiently known to Signor Capponi, being a Florentine. He professes his repair into England to be only to see her Majesty, the Court, and London. . There is also one Philippo Pigafetta, of ' Tinsentia,' a philosopher, who has likewise given me to understand he desires to go into England, being of young Mr SfeviU'e acquaintance. I am advertised that the coming of the Muscovite ambassador is to have the title of king by the confirmation of the Emperor and the Pope; and his repair to the Diet, and Venice, is to enter into league against the Turk, as also through the Muscovite's means to have the Persian * practised' to continue the Turkish wars. I hear the Spanish king had a practice to take Bergamo, which was discovered.—Paris, 21 August 1582. HPP- {France VIZI. 22.]

Aug.

21

267.

CQEHAH to WALSINGHAH

I dispatehed my servant Benedict Barwiek on the 15th last, and because I understood ' there was laying wait' for packets passing

ELIZABETH.

268

A.D.1582.

towards England and Manders, I willed him to go by way of Dieppe, and in no wise to take his journey towards Calais or' Boulogne, Now yesterday he writes to me that he went first to Dieppe, staying there a day or more, and finding the, wind contrary, desirous to make more haste than good speed, departed from Dieppe to take the post towards Boulogne, and was between Nampont and ' Muttreul' on the 17th at 7 o'clock at night in the wood robbed of his packets and money by certain Burgundians belonging to Hesdin, as the postmaster of Nampont gives me to understand. I have willed my man to repair to you, to declare his mischance, happened to my great grief contrary to the order I had given him, and have sent you by this bearer, James Paynter, the double of the lost packet, dated the 15th inst. I have not yet made any complaints till I hear your pleasure further,.for if they be 'happened 1 into the enemy's handa, there ia no remedy for the ' rehaving * of them. But otherwise I use all the means convenient to recover them. Thus in grief and small -eontentation, with pains in my head, I crave your pardon if I write not as I should.—Paris, ' 21 August 1582. Add. Endd. (serving probably for hoth this and the last), [Hid. VIII. 23.] Aug.

21

268.

lijrp.

COBHAM to WALSINGHAH

• I have stayed this bearer upon the advice I had this morning from the ' dealer' of M. Strozizi's business that a late advertisement was come that he had overthrown the enemy; but sending thereon to MM. Knart and Lansac, I 'received' from them how Count Brissae has brought into France three of the Spanish ships, and they say seven more are sunk; which was done with the loss of 1000 Frenchmen. But they send me no certain notice what is become of M. Strozzi nor of the French 'army.' They say they are daily awaiting more eertain intelligence. I hear withal that they have dispatched to M. Mauvissiere; therefore I send this messenger by Dieppe, because the other way by Boulogne proves not free, Count Brissae has been at Court these three days sundry times. The Prince Dauphin is in this town. I perceive they have received knowledge of this actioa oi M. Strostza out of England; the truth of it may he known to you.—Paris, 21 August 1582. Holograph. Add. Endd. 1 p. [_JMd. VHL 24] Aug.

21

269.

M: DE PENA to

You were born under the divine influence of beneficence, which is the fruit and effect of all the virtues; wherefore I beg of you, since your natural goodness makes you liberal of it to all, to impart of it to me, wKo have long been and always shall be most devoted to your sendee. I lent to Mt" Dale, then ambassador, 500 erowas soMl, judging that as lie was your successor he was also yonr intimate friend, as he seemed in some degree to show whan I

6

FOBEKftf PAPERS. mentioned you. And further, having been appointed td So honourable an office by so heroic a Queen, I should not have thought that he would ever have wished to sully her service and his own honour to the detriment of the poor philosopher who for many years has been pretty serviceable in regard to all Englishmen and still desires to deserve well of all there whom he knows to be virtuous and not ungrateful, in however cowardl/and ungentlemanly a fashion (klchement et viechaniquement) one of her Majesty's

Masters of-Bequests, an administrator of justice, may have treated me. For so far from his having repaid me what I lent so freely, with increased measure as those of old time commanded, in the Laws of Plato and Cicero, I have not even been able to get a word of answer to all the letters I have written to him, nor through sundry friends who have spoken to him on my behalf. And besides this, I lent to MM. de> Mansfeld (?), on his^ guarantee, for which I have his hand and seal, S00 crowns, with promise to pay the revenue on the English rate (? Uablissement), of which I have not yet been able to touch one tournofa, as you, sir, know, who have done me the kindness to promise I should be set right, and in fact have spoken to them of it. If I have yet entrusted to them the second sum of 300 crowns, not having yet been paid the first, it is not simplicity or temerity on my part, but a sign of true friendship and great confidence in the affection which he said he bore to me and his promise to take his revenge [sic] on every good opportunity. " Further I spared no industry in looking after hia health, and that of his wife, daughter, son-in-law, and household, to their great satisfaction, with nothing beyond simple thanks as regarded myself. There, sir, is my claim, which would speak sufficiently for itself, if I had done these good offices to a person who had ears, or rather who had not a Platonic, and more than Pharisaic, soul. But the industrious and malicious man, armed with the iniquity of the law, being, as Aristotle says, the most pernicious beast in existence, my complaint would be as unheard as that of a dumb man if your authority and intervention does not come to its aid ; to which, as to the oracle of a Hephaestion or a Oato honourable men will at onee give their consentfearing that Tupper might not arrive BO soon, who assured me that you were willing to oblige me so much by your kindness as to present a placet to his Majesty, I have again sent by Paynter the same very humble request. And not" knowing the style of the piacet, I have left it to such command as you may give for its drafting and presentation. The time is so long, and my loss through the unjust detention of this aura so great, that I am compelled to importune you, and to beg you onee more through this kindness to plunge me into an eternal gratitude, which I hope will some day be effectual and not verbal only. Aa I was closing this,, I was given some letter of Seneca, very well turned, the subject of which, it seems to me, will also be . acceptable to you, as the author has some conformity with your • teaching? life, and integrity. Therefore I beg you to excuse me for sending it to you.—Paris, 21 August 1582. Add. ttndd, Fr. 2 pp. [France VIII. 25.]

. JLD.

1582.

Aug. 22.

,

ELIZABETH.

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270. EKPLT of His EXCELLENGY to the EABL OF LEICESTER S LETTER

I could not express in words, the satisfaction which your letter has given me, for although I had before no doubt of your goodwill and affection towards me, of which you have assured me by so many proofs, yet in this my deliverance from ao extreme a danger I have been glad to receive this further testimony of your solicitude on my behalf. I feel myself greatly obliged to you, and beg you to believe that throughout my life, when I shall have an opportunity of serving you, no man will do it more cordially. But meanwhile you have added, as the crown of this obligation, by offering yourself to be employed to your power in the aid o! this cause; for which indeed I very humbly thank you, begging you to employ your credit, as you have up till now.—Ghent, 22 August. Copy. Fr. Aug. 22

1 p.

[HoU. and Fl. XVI. 116.]

271. The DEPOTS and ASSISTANTS of MEBCHANTS ADVENTURERS to WALSENGHAJI

We have written to the Lord High Treasurer touching a certain English book, whereof i t may please you to receive oneherewith. It ia made by one Browne, an Englishman now at Middelburg, where, as it is said, he exercises a ministry m a corner, deluding certain of her Majesty'* subjects that to follow him have left thenordinary calling in England. Of this book divers were brought to this town by one William Pagett, sometime a brewer's clerk in London, who on the English 'burse' publicly offered them for sale to the merchants of our company. Which being understood, the books were here examined by our minister, and found for sundry points, ol doctrine to be erroneous, and the whole scope thereof (specially the epistle) tending not to the peace nor edification of the Church; so that we caused Pagett to be apprehended, with purpose to have sent both him and the books into England. Howbeit, requiring the magistrates assistances therein, because our jurisdiction in this ease stretches not so far, it was answered that neither we, nor they themselves, have authority to send him out of Brabant, bemg_ a thing clear against the privilege of .Brabant. But they promised that i£ he should here utter any of them, he should be punished and banished the town, and gave us consent to take these books from him; which we have done, and withal have given him mch sharp atoomfaon that we trust no more of them will be brought hither, we account to procure the suppression of them m Antwerp, 22 August 1582. (%««*) Bichard Godard {an written by him). Add. Endd. lp. [Ibid.XVL 117.] Aug. 22 •

2 7 2 . The DUKE OS ANJotr to It is no new thing for me to recognise the effects of you? good will, of which I have heretofore bad so much Mpeneaft, but what you have added to what k now past redoubles my obligation, though not my good will to you, to which nothing em be added.

266. A.D.

FOBEIGN PAPEES. 1582.

Believe me that my spirit is bent (bancle) to nothing save the service oi the Queen; and esteeming my position much lowered if she were to deem otherwise of me, seeing that all rny happiness and satisfaction consists in the part she is pleased to give me in her good graces, which I hope to deserve by some signal service: For yourself, believe that you have no better friend than L—Ghent, 22 August. Holograph. Add. Enckl. Fr. 1 p. [Ibid XVI. 118.] Aug. 28

273.

SAINTE-ALDJI&ONDE to WALSTNGKHAJK

• I have received your letter, and thank you for the testimony which in it you give me of your continued good will towards me. I beg you to hold me always one of your most affectionate servants. Touching Stewart's journey, it was too late to hinder it. We hear • that the Seoteh generally have received orders from their king either to withdraw to their own country, or to serve on the other side. If this is so, it will cauae us great inconveniences for the loss of confidence assured. If it is otherwise, even so the ill offices done by some of them cause us much perplexity. Please let me know what you have heard about it. As for what you promise to do for me, you will act worthily and conformably to your ' virtue' and your former doings, and will infinitely oblige us all to recognise it by all service. For my part I believe you to be so assured of my desire to serve you that there is no need to declare it in words. And intact my duty constrains me thereto, both for the obligation I have in respect of the general, and for my private respects.

.

'

• Aug. 9-23

As for French affairs, they give us good hopes, and even those who till now felt most distrust are drawing better auguries. But surely I do not see that the results correspond thereto. I think you will have heard that MM.de Bellievre and Brulart left here the day before yesterday—though owing to my absence I did not see them—and took with them Balcedo, who had in their very presence deposed great things about the conspiracies against the king's person and estate. If that does not open his eyee, I find it hard to believe that anything else will do any good. But as all is in the hand of God, we must leave this to Him, and. pray Him to turn all to His glory and the good of His Church.—Ghent, 23 August 1582. Add. Endd. Fr. 274.

1 j>. [Boll and Fl. XVI. 119.] •

Correspondence of the QUEEN and the PEINCE OF OBAKGB

(1.) The Queen to the Prince.—"We find it very strange that a prinee of such quality as Monsieur, brother to the Most Christian King, having betaken himself to those parts for the defence of the country and the maintenance of its liberties, at the great risk of his honour and life, whereof the very 'dangers in which he has been these days' past give proof, so little respect is nevertheless shown Mm that no account is taken to furnish him with the sums granted him to meet the costs of this war. Wherefore we have thought good to address you particularly, as having been the principal instrument in bringing this prince into the country, to say

ELIZABETH.

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that your honour, and the care which you ought to have for -the welfare • of those countries, bind you to represent forcibly to the Estates the fault which they commit and the wrong they do themselves in having so little respect and showing themselves so . ungrateful to a prince to whom they are so obliged. - Even if they do not consider him, reason itself bids them in their own interest to show themselves readier to furnish him with the necessary means for the defence of the country. For to call a prince of that quality to their aid, and then to abandon Mm without giving Mm any other aid themselves, will only be to lead up to their own rain and render themselves hateful to all the nations of the world> who will rightly_ detest such bad faith and ingratitude. As for ourself, if they act in tMs way_, and behave so to him as to compel him to withdraw onee more, in a manner of speaking, in Ms shirt-sleeves (en pourpoint) to his dishonour, as he did the first time that he began to endeavour to disengage them from bondage to their enemies, they may be assured that, sooner than see Mm in danger of falling into a like dishonour, we shall be the first to advise Mm flatly to leave the whole thing betimes, and to take no more account of them than their ingratitude deserves. And whereas perhaps they persuade themselves that our fortune is so much bound up in the success of theirs that we have reason, for our own private good, not to abandon them, we would testify to them that they will find themselves mistaken if they rest on that foundation. For our affairs are, thank God, in such fasMon, and offers so advantageous have been made to us, that whatever may become of them, we shall not leave to enjoy the peace and repose wMeh God has up to now given us.—Nonsuch, 9 August 1682. " The following was written in the Queen's own hand " ; My cousin, I promise you on the faith of a princess that if Monsieur pleases to open Ms ears to the honourable offers that are laid before him, he will have no reason to regret it; and therefore mind you do not torment him too much, Aug. 28 (2.) The Prince of Orange to the Queen.—By your letter of the 9th August, I have seen the singular eaie wMch you have in respect of his Highness, which as it redounds more and more to the good of these countries lays us, and myself in particular, trader a great obligation to be your obedient servants. For my own part, as my conscience and my actions testify with what integrity I have proceeded and yet do proceed, having nothing so much at heart as that which touches Ms Highness's service, so would I lay before you no evidence but fMs own of the loyal endeavours which I have up to now, relying no less on Ms kindness that he will have accepted the good will •wMch I have offered him. As for the States, I can assure you that albeit they cannot in performance ecjttal my desire and affection, the -country being in such wise spoiled and exhausted by the long continuance of so oppressive and difficult a war, nevertheless they are doing their utmost to disehatge their duty, and bis Highness would receive fall satisfaction, if the greatness of the needs wMeh present themselves every day and to power of the enemy did not diminish their resources and strength, f o r wMcb. reason, being in no way satisfied with what in done, I am

26S A.D.

FOEEIGN PAPERS. 1582.

•'

"••

taking all possible pains to induce them to make further efforts, as I hope they will do. I humbly beg your Majesty to take these things into your kind consideration, and to do me the honour to believe that whereas not only the ruin or preservation of these countries, but also the glory of God and the good of all Christendom, depend on the result of these affairs, there is nothing in the world which we have so much at heart, and at which we shall work to the very utmost. Meanwhile the proofs of your virtue, magnanimity and goodness are such that they have impressed the hearts of all, that not in respect of your private interest, but for the general good of all Christendom, you would never desert our cause. Wherein these Estates have more cause than any other to hope; having more experience of your kindness and good will. If being overwhelmed by so heavy a burden they cannot now show you worthy gratitude, they will never fail to recognize that they ax*e bound to devote their lives and all that they have to your service; as for myself, I have always done, and do to this day.—Ghent, 23 August 1582. Copies. Fr.

4 pp.

[HoU. and Fl. XVL 120.]

Aug. 9

Draft in hand of'L. Toinson of the Queen's Utter above. 2 pp.

Aug. 23

2 7 5 . JfASiNo DEL BBNB to WALSINGHAK

In reply to the letter which you sent me by Signor Landi I have nothing to tell you, except that I am beginning, sexagenarian though I am, to learn grammar—not the Latin, for of that I know too much, ' but the Spanish, which I plainly see that he who would go about in,the world ought to know. There is none of those whom this fact touehes, and very nearly > that considers it or seeks to put any hindrance in the way; on the contrary the greater the peril, and the nearer it comes, their depreciation of it and of any. care to remedy it increases therewith; in such wise that I no Iong'er have any doubt that everything is on the way to ruin, and that it is not an evil that it comes from on high for the chastisement of our sins, which it would not be possible to remedy, if God in His infinite power do not lay to His holy hand, as I, leaving all other cares, have betaken myself to pray Him, _ and then over • and above have with much sincerity and affection done all the services of which I felt myself capable in order that some remedy might be applied; and perhaps also, in their view, with too great freedom. His Highness is not in a position to allow any hope of his going and retaking any of the places that have been lost; audit will be of no small importance, seeing the state in , whieh his affairs are, owing to the great forces which the enemy have, and the smallness of his own, whieh will be late besides, nor do I know haw he will be able to get them together, to say nothing of the disposition here. His Excellency will preserve those that he has remaining, waiting for the enemy to begin to feel the assaults of cold and hunger, and for some better decision to be taken here than that which at present holds with us; ssaeh as I cannot but think our king mil be for taking, if it is

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A.D.1582.

faithfully pointed out to him in what peril he will he if the King of Spain recovers the Low Countries. But I greatly fear that in this matter His Majesty has not been served as is fitting, and that the person most bound to do him such service is she who is proceeding with more caution (risjjetto) than is fitting in an affair of so great importance, as I have frankly said to her. This is as much as I have to say at present. For all which reasons, in the letters wbieh in these days I have written to His Highness arid the Prince of Orange, I have always been of opinion that they should think only of maintaining their forces and their strong places, and leave the enemy to lose the dash Ifima,) with which they will enter the country; which will undoubtedly happen soon in the case of so. large an army when what little there is there and can be sent from here has been consumed, since nothing will go there, or but little and that with difficulty,—Paris, 23 August, the vigil of that blessed saint, 1582, Add. Endd. ltd. Aug. 28

276.

%}pp.

[France VIII. 26.]

Praao LANDI to WALSINGHAM

The enclosed was given me by Captain Masino del Bene lor you, ' and he told me" it was the reply to the one yon gave me for him. I wish to accompany it with this, and to let you know that I haye sent you back the packet of letters which you gave me for Signer Horatio Pallavicino. I have given them into the hands of your servant Paynter with strict injunctions.—Paris, 23 August 1582. Add, Aug. 24

277.

Fmdd, Jtal. %p.

[Ibid, VIII. 27].

JOHN NOEHIS to WAISINGHAM

Yours of the 4th came later to my hands than another of the 7th, which has been the cause that I nave not yet answered it. You give me a friendly admonition to amend two special points, wherein it seems you are advertised that I am faulty. For the first, which concerned reckonings and payments, I have somewhat by my last declared to you how I had behaved myself; and to repeat it, I will assure you that I am able to prove that no Colonel on this side the sea has dealt so well with his captains touching their accounts as I have done, and so much I have maintained before the whole assembly of officers and captains of all the English troops. For the other, that I did not give everyone the credit that they have deserved, if yon will show me so mueh favour as to name to me him that finds himself most aggrieved, or any one of them, I will answer it in such sort that they shall be ashamed. I gaess that Captain Williams is one of those that eomplaias of me in this case. •When I know it, I will make it plain to yon that I have done him no wrong. He seeks now to withdraw his company of horse from the other English companies, among the 3?reneh. You will see wftat credit he will win among them. I beseech you to give tae leave to stand upon my. defence, for my eountsymen hem toe readier §o accuse than to prove. TOMrtsoever they say of me I 'will ke

270

•

FOREIGN PAPEKS.

A.D. 1582.

myself out. of the ' danger ' "of those unsettled heads, and prove myself untouched with any dishonesty, let them scape (?) as they can.—Ghent, 24 Aug. 1582.. Add. Endd. lp. \HoU, and Fl. XVI. 121.] Aug.

24

278.

HAKEY ASTELL to WALSINGHAM

'Having' been this month in the camp of his ' Altea,' under General Norris of our nation, in whose absence the mutiny which I know you have heard of took effect; but on his return he assembled all the captains purposely into his tent, where I was present, and heard the general with great temperance and judgement demand the causes of the mutiny, which by the captains was ao slenderly and weakly answered as is not worth the hearing. Whieh when he saw how things were cloaked, he said further to them: " I have been greatly wronged by some of you here, who put into your soldiers' heads that I was detaining in my hands a half month's pay, and how false that bruit is, yourselves know." - To which they all particularly confessed it to be most untruly reported of him. Further he also demanded of them if ever he demanded of them one stiver towards his charges, which also was bruited to discredit him with the soldier. But they all acquitted him thereof also, which I was glad to see and hear, and therefore . am the bolder to advertise you hereof, not that any word or letter can give any^ credit to his deeds, but to witness what I did hear and see. • Concerning the encounter between the enemy and some part of our camp at Bergues, where our 'stand of pikes' did duly their parts to their credit, I know you have heard in better sort than I can deliver it. And so for the sudden dislodging of our eamp from Dunkirk, which the enemy calls a running-away; and so we must do still if no better aid come from Prance than hitherto is come. Our camp is now near Ghent, where his Highness and the Prince with most part of the States are, to determine what to do. God give a good success to their directions.—Ghent, 24 August 1582. Add. Endd, 2 pp. [Ibid. XVI. 122.] Aug.

24

;

279.

JOHN COEHAM to WALSINGHAM

On the 20th inst. Monsieur was received with great solemnity into Ghent. Prom the gate where he entered, till he came to his lodging, there were to the number of 500 new-painted seats made on eaeh side the way, wherein were placed 500 young virgins clothed all in white, with torches'alight in their hands, in token that Ghent was never conquered by the enemy and therefore yet has. her maidenhead. Upon these seats on the one side.of the way 'were' written Amor Syncere, and in Dutch Oprechte Liefde; on the other side was painted the letter "F for Francois, with a crown all gold upon rfc. On the 23rd Monsieur was created and sworn Earl of Flanders and Ghent. He wag accompanied to the market-place, called the Friday Mart,_ where he took his oath, with the Prince of Orange, the Prince of Epinojj ana diver other Estates and 'biorgos' of the town. At

ELIZABETH. A.D.

271

1582. that place there were ' attendant' jor.his coming 3,000 'burgee' in arms, very well appointed, I saw no great rejoicing among the common sort. He came to the stage where he was created earl* apparelled all in black taffeta ; but at his departure he was clothed in robes of murrey velvet, and went to the ' Statehouse' to dinner accompanied as above said. Monsieur's camp is come within two leagues of Ghent; as it is thought, they are going into Brabant to relieve ( Leero' [qy. Lierre]. There was written on the outside of a gate newly erected, in French, viz.—• Comma le froid hyver nuict a toute verdure, Mais le fecund solent \sic; qy. soleil] remet tout en nature, Aussi les maulx passez ont ma beute, Que revenir je sens souz ee nouve [sic] este. On the other side in Latin :— Talis eato Princeps, qualis paterfamilias. • Monsieur is now determined to go from hence on Friday next to . Antwerp.—Ghent, 24 August 1582. P.8.—You shall receive my next letter from Antwerp. Add.

Aug.

24

280.

Endd.

1 j>. \_Ibkl. XVI. 123.]

HBNBT KJJOLLYS to WAIISIKGHAM.

As I have always found myself to be most bound to you for your J continual favour in these troublesome times of my daily disgrace, so I acknowledge myself to be at your disposition, both when and where you may please to employ me, for the late favour you have been pleased to show me in this time of my ' full' banishment, and whereof I have received advertisement both from my father and brother Francis; viz. in staying the unjust and injurious suit of the French ambassador from her Majesty's ears; whose heavy hand and hard speeches against me have given heart to every caviller to tread me down at their pleasure, whereas, if I might have the benefit of law like a subject, but with her Majesty's indifferent favour, I would neither fear the extremity of justice, nor be forced to plead from so far off as I do. And although I know that my brother Francis has fully informed you of every particular that passed in that action, yet with your favour, though to your trouble, I mil as briefly as I may make a true report thereof, referring myself and my cause to your protection and disposition. Being"' at the seas' with two ships of my own, I ehanced to meet with this Breton now in question; a prowler, by his own confession, as it also appeared by his manning and furnishing. Before day he came upon my best ship, wherein mysatf, my brother Francis, and divers other gentlemen were, with intent,, as it seems, to have surprised her, if my watch had not been the - warier to avoid his boarding of her j who, seeing hnaseU frasteate of his intent, passed by to the northward, and we to the southward,

272

FOEEIGN PAPEBS.

A.D.1582.

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'

'

after he had given us many vile and injurious words. Not content with this, after an hour he turned his course clean backward, following us with full sail as fast as he could ; and by that it was day, being a notable good sailor, he had fetched us up again. But seeing my ship to be too well appointed for his purpose, he forsook her, and sailed into the wind towards my little bark, which he likewise quickly overtook, and finding I was not able to rescue her, in our sight they boarded, and fought a great while. . In the end, as Grod would, my men prevailed, after the hurt and loss of a great many of them, in great peril to sink before I could come near them; in such sort that I was forced to break off my journey to my great hindrance, and for safeguard of my company driven to seek for the next shore, which was Ireland, where I was no sooner arrived, but my bruised ship to my great loss was east away. With no small charge I repaired the other to transport my men; and in the meanwhile seeing no fit place there to commit the men to justice, I found the means to have them all transported into England, and landed them in Wales, as Sir John ( Parrat' can witness, before whom they appeared, without requiring any other thing of him, than a passport to depart into Franee. Some of them tarried, and served in my shipNot long after^, myself and my company came with this newrepaired ship of ' Bryttayne ' into the haven of 'Hampton,' where she has remained ever since in harbour without any challenge to her; myself most commonly at the Court, without any question of this cause. The ship has remained in the harbour at Hampton now four years and upward, and being almost rotted 'apeaees' at my coming into Flanders I gave her to Mr ( 0wired,' who belike has bestowed some coat upon her, which makes tnem the busier to recover her again, I assure you, upon the faith of an honest man, that I have written nothing but the truth to you, and that my lost ship and goods at least doubled the value of this other ship; which nevertheless I am sure Mr Owtred will be content to let them have again for my quiet. Other recompense I am not able to make any, her Majesty's disfavour has made me so beggarly^ Besides all this, for order's sake at my first arrival in England I caused an action to be entered against "these persons in the Admiralty Court, as may yet appear for my discharge. Thus have I made a ' tosdiouse' but true discourse to you of the 'estate' of 'Mr MaviesierV complaint; who unless he were become a party with the Spaniard in helping to plague me, might -. have picked out some other time to preler pretended actions against me than now that I am entertained in the service of his* master's brother^ unto whom I have complained of the wrong done me by Hauvissiere. His Highness has given charge to this, bearer, M. du s Bee,' to deal expressly and roundly with him in this my cause ,* ^hereunto I humbly crave your aid and assistance. He has likewise •written to her Majesty in my favour, if it will stand me in any atead.

.

ELIZABETH.

273

A.D. 1582.

, . As touching our affairs here, our camp has daily grown great hy report with French supplies, but is small in effect; in such sort that we have privily stolen away from Dunkirk with a hastier march than ordinary towards Brabant; for what effect, is yet kept secret. In each town, as we passed, we have left •garnisons'; which is a token, in my judgement, that we are not like to be masters of the field this year. The French are misliked generally in these countries, saving of such as by policy, for necessity's sake, are . forced to court them. The enemy, by occasion of the report of great supplies, is grown great ' indread'; so that reports have hurt us, and helped them. Touching our English regiment, I find the common soldier miserable with continual marching, and want of money and victuals. I find the captains as envious as may be; causes, in my conscience, of our late shameful mutiny, most . ungrateful where they owe most thanks, that ia to their general, without whom no one of them ' are ' able to do themselves any good, who helps them still at every pinch, and yet Passata la fortuna, gabbato il Saneto. He grieves most to find unkindness in such as himself . only has set up, such as with his favour have gained some credit, and only by Ms means being climbed as high as themselves can hope for, begin to spurn against his government. To be short, they are all hirelings. I find that either by enticement of others, or fantasticalness of himself, Capt. Williams has of late withdrawn himself and his company of horse from the rest of our English, and joined himself to the French; after the example of Eowland Xorke and Mr Cotton, affirming all of them amongst some others, as the truth is, that they live not by any in England, but by this ' pipw which they hold here,' a dangerous report to be put into mutinous soldiers' ears, as also dishonourable to command over sueb. as upon slight conceits are ready to slip away suddenly. Myself have heard them at sundry times make dishonourable and untrue reports of our general, which when I have brought into question face to faee they have utterly denied again, besides bearing me a grudge for my labour. These liberal speakers make'me think they care- not what they write, especially finding that the general's humour is neither to accuse others nor to excuse himself. His walking uprightly cannot warrant him from shameless slanderers, but wise heads will judge causes by their effects. He was never in greater credit with his ' Alteza' and the Prince of Orange than at this present, and thereof I assure you upon my credit, which I will rather die than crack. Yet I know that some have _ reported fee contrary, and to their power procured a practice to bring it to pass.

• .

•'

His Highness made his entry into Ghent the 20th of tMs month, and yesterday took his oath in the market-place. It is said that he removes towards Antwerp on "Wednesday nest; the ' Gawiitoyse' are tiekle-headed fellows,

"

I beseech you to pardon my tediousness. ' Enjoin me to what penance shall please yon, for it; only help to rid me out of these my troubles, et erk mihi <magnw Agolfo.—Ihcom the eaaip by Ghent, 24 August 1582.

Add, ffiidd. S^p. iMoU.nndm.ZVL 124.]

vm

n

274

FOREIGN PAPBKS.

A.D. 1582. Aug. 25 ••

. 281.

„

JOHN COBHAM to WALSINGHAM

The letter you wrote to Mr Norris in my behalf for the debt he owes me, I delivered to him presently after my eoming to Dunkirk, requesting his answer, which he has from time to time deterred till this day. He now says, that eight days ago he. wrote to you in full answer of your letter, and that he is to answer you and not me. Therefore I.pray you once again direct your letters to him, requiring him to take some reasonable order with me; 'which' if he shall refuse, after the receipt of your letter, so to do, I pray you give me . leave to deal with him in such order that I may recover nothing but that which in equity and conscience is due to me. This bearer will diligently attend on you for your letter.—Ghent, 25 August 1582.. . . • . . •

,

Aug. 555

.

P.S.—Our camp is come to a place called ' Milbrig,' a league from Ghent, where it will tarry till Monsieur is passed by to Antwerp, which will be about Friday next. Add. Endd. I p. [Ibid. XVI. 125.] 282.

The KTNG OF DENMABK to the QUEBN

You doubtless remember the friendly request we made in a former letter, with regard to Hermann Oldenael and John Blmenhorat, citizens of Lubeck, who were plundered in our aeas by some of your subjects. They have now come back to us without any result, complaining that although you expressed yourself very kindly touching their cause, they could get no other answer from your officials that they were compelled by law to try the case, against Seckford, the owner of the pirate-ship, before the ordinary Courts (Ijudicio generali).. Against which they on their side maintained that they could not fairly be referred to that tribunal, since you had shortly before issued a Commission, as your people call it, before which caaes of that kind, having to do with piracy and that sort of public charges, were to be tried; further that they could no longer bear such expenses aa the ordinary Courts demand, having been detained there to no purpose for go many years, and their powers being nearly exhausted. They summoned him therefore before the Commission abovementioned. But they say your officials affirmed that Seekford was amenable to that Commission, and that they, the complainants,, would get no other answer; further, that since Lord Willoughby, your ambassador, was instructed to unravel the cause here, they should repair hither. On reaching this country and appealing to the ambassador on the matter, they ' perceived nothing of it in him'; only he offered, if they would come back to England with him, to pay their espensea and do his best to further their cause with you. From this we beg you to gather the position of these poor men's business. They have now appealed to us to commend their cause to you. We have stated it so carefully already that we do not know-what we ean add. It only remains for you to let them feel they have gained something by our intervention.—Frederiksborg, 25 Aug. 1582. , . dd' EndeL

•. A.D. 1582. Aug. 26

ELIZABETH.

275 • ,

283..

•

THOMAS DOYLBT to

Although at ' Leyre' in jest it be written in great letters upon the gate next this town Antwerp t'hueren teghen Barmis, notwithstanding, in earnest there are infinite bills for houses to be let and sold since the loss of 'Leyre'; many retiring for fear, and others compelled by ' billets' from the Estates as suspected persons. The burghers in high terms complain of 'Son Al.' for stuffing the frontier townB with French ' garnizon,' which makes them jealous of MB proceedings, and notwithstanding all his urgent letters to the contrary they have sent to put down St. Bernard's Cloister by Antwerp. One camp dislodging from Dunkirk lies between Oudenarde and Ghent, where the Duke was triumphantly received and created Earl of Flanders. The camp, after the receipt of their pay, which they are now fingering, marches into Brabant, to lie between Mechlin and Brussels towards Rhnmenam, and the enemy is afoot to follow. Some say they are to do some piece of serviee against some town, because on Thursday last 9 pieces of artillery for the battery were mounted and embarked from Antwerp, and others from Ghent. Provision is laid in for the Duke's coming to this town. The report is that the Duke of Savoy is dead and has made the King of Spain his heir, not respecting the Duke of Nemours his great-uncle, nor his bastard brother, a lusty gentleman who, at my being at Geneva, was in terms to 'fiance ' the heiroi theDuchesse d'Entremont by the Admiral Chastillon; for which cause the French king is gone in post by coaeh to Lyons. ' Bellievre is gone ' for' France with Saleedo, Mr Knollys continues his good offices towards the General, and his coming has wrought sundry good effects.—Antwerp, 26 August 1582.

Add. Endd, lp. Aug, 26

284.

[HoU.aiidM.Xri.im,']

STOKES TO WAXSINGHAJU:

My last was the 19th inst, since which the magistrates have received the following. At Calais the French king has this weak 'defended,' that no victuals nor munitions shall be sent from thence into the enemies' government of Artois and ' Henogo.' They also write from Calais that all the fugitives of these parts that lay there are suddenly departed thence for fear of being arrested. There is some great fear here among those of the JMigion that they will not be suffered to use their conscience here long, so that many of them are in" doubt of t t e i r ' safe being * here.; The French seek to place in every town and casfle all French • soldiers, greatly to the misKMng of all the commons of the eowntry. But "5tpres will fake in none.

2T6

FOREIGN PAPEBS.

A.D.1582.

*

.

The speech is in this town that the Prince of Orange at Ghent has used very hard speeches of the English colonels and captains about their pay, and for other matters, for which eause they cannot have that credit to lie in garrison in any of their towns; at which the commons are something aggrieved, for they had rather have them than the French, who now must have, all the credit of the country. . Monsieur's camp lies before the castle of ' Gavor,' which is a place that the enemy keeps, lying between Oudenarde and Ghent; whither they have sent from Ghent the cannon to beat it. The speech continues still that the camp will march towards Brabant, and that those of Ghent have prepared many double cannons to be sent from thence with the camp; of which many marvel that they will suffer so much of their best artillery to depart from them. The enemy's camp lies 'scattering' at Poperinghe, 'Bell,' and all the villages thereabouts, and the speech is amongst them that they will besiege Cambray, to which place they are preparing to march with all their camp, and by good advices from those parts, at Yalenciennes, Arras arid other towns they are making the cannon ready; with spades, pickaxes, and other necessaries for pioneers to use. Last week there was small hope here of any more aid to be had from Prance; and now this week great speeches are given out of 15,000 men, • horse and foot, come into Boulonnais, and some beside Cambray. But most men think they are but speeches given out 'of purpose.'

'

'

The soldiers of the town and castle of Tournay, who are all Allmans, fell; in a mutiny for want of their pay, and had the sacking of the town for three hours. . .-Last Monday, the 20th inst. Monsieur made his entry into Ghent, where the Gantois received him very honourably with great joy and gladness, with sundry • treme' shows and pageants made in the streets; and upon Thursday the 28rd he was sworn Earl of Flanders,' at the which doing,' in token of joy and gladness thereof, there was good store of gold and silver east among the people in the streets;, and upon Friday last the Earl of Flanders made himself new magistrates of Ghent for this, year, according to their old accustomed orders. I send their names hereinelosed. The commons of thetown took it very_ joyfully that it pleased him to be at the choosing of their magistrates; so that all things were done to the great good liking of the c Gantnera.' God continued. Also it is said that at the end of thiB week the Earl of Flanders departs from Ghent to Aiitwerp.—Bruges, 26 August 1582. * --. P.S.—Enclosed I send packet which Capi WiUmws sent from Ghent, •

.• ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582. -

.

, ...... Appended: . •-..... • The Magistrates' (Wet) of Ghent, renewed the 24th., August 1582. Eohevins of the upper bench (kuere),

.

. . Aug.

Jo, Jacques van der Haeghe, lord of Gotthem. loenen Manners. ' Michiol van Haiite. Jo. Joos de Gruutere, F™ Me Jans. Aathoniua van Hussle. Willem de Lumijdt. Jo. Joos de Zijpen. Me Lienoa Goedhaes. Jan van Loo. Willem de Smet. Me Lantvereys (?) de Moelinaere. Willem Thys. Jau Bochaert. .

Add. 26

S7J.

285-

findd.

3§pp.

.

Eohcvins of the lower bench {ghedeele).

Jo. JoosTries*,lord of Bovendegiiem. pe. Matthens d' Honde. Ghedraedfc TTelaml, Jonoh(;er Ghedraedt Maertens. • Tkuin.ies de Vos. Jaa d' Haoghe. Jonckheer Joos Triest Fas Gilles. Gillen Gebbrecht. Gijles Thomas Berghen. Daneel de Orcoeh. Gilles de WuM. Lienen van de Straste. David van de Piedt. .

[Holl. and Fl. XVI, 127.]

P. DE ZUBIAUB to WA^SINGHAM

I iwote to you by William Bodeiiham begging you to do me the, favour of sending me my passport, and tha,t it might be dated the 26th, because it expired on the 25th. No one gives me any trouble • . exeept Sir *Ullenkuinter' [William Winter) for ^338 [?], as to which I promised him for Juan Bautista de Sanvitores that if he did not pay him them, I would. I showed him your letter and that of the Treasurer, and he did not give way at all, nor want to see them. I am glad, because between him. and others they divided the plunder of the Panama voyage; and if it cannot be.reeovered [?J I shall be glad if my lords [_mis senores : qp. the merchants] got it out of his hands, and enjoyed it, and I am here under your protection. The king owes me 50,000 dncats, and the Secretary Don Juan de Idiaques writes me that he will see they are paid me. To no other person in this city do I owe a real hy obligation or written document; -wherefore I treat plainly and truly. There are letters irom Spain, but not from the King. . They will not be long.— London, 26 August 1582. Add. BnM. Span. 1 p. [Spain I. 102.] Aug. 26 . 2 8 6 . " A Letter Deciphered" [to FATHEE HOLT] I received yours of the 8th June; ior answer ' whereof' you shall understand first that I wrote to you onee before since myfeeingia this place, wherein I showed you the causes of lets here touching the dispatch of my particular business; as, first, the sickness of the King of Spain, and after that his war by sea, -whereof I &now you have heard, and of the victory which he gained, of which I send you the particulars. How'they promise me present dispatch, whereof I • hope you will receive intelligence from me soon after the receipt of this. I have laboured so vehemently in my particular business you know of that I am almost worn out both body and emind. Jlk&mte overthwarts of late hare I had, and aiany *™e have 1 almost '•despaired the success.* And now again I am in hope, and that very shortly, to have good success.

• A.D. 1582.

•

'

FOEEIGN PAPERS.

• . " I am sorry, if Father Creighton promised more in the matter of money than he has performed or could perform, for the matter depended on other men's will to perform it or not, and that point I hope he protested. Otherwise surely he would have heen much •c overseen' in making promise absolutely of himself. I have laboured most earnestly for the performance of that point by the King of Spain. I am put in hope that I shall finally obtain it, to your friends' contentatiou, however the other matter be concluded or no. And so I pray you to signify to them from me. There was an advice came hither by one, that your friends were • thinking of abducting the king out of Scotland. It much misliked all men here, especially the king of Spain, who is ' flat of opinion' that if that fall out which way soever it be, or to what side soever it fall, singular inconvenience will ensue, to their great displeasure and hurt, and therefore in no way to be thought upon.

Touching your * particular,' I will write more at large to you hereafter, and that shortly I hope, as soon as ever I see the end of my matter that I now stay upon.. Commend me most humbly and heartily to your friend there. I.do not write this time to good . Mr'Murveill' . . . . . and extreme multitude of business which I have, how exceedingly we are beholden to him; which I ' let' not to make our friends here understand. Oommend me a thousand times to him and all his.—26 Aug. ' You know from whence and from whom.' I have thought good to send you herewith a copy of the late victory of the Spaniards in. the ' ocean .sea,' All these countries of Hainault are now full of them. EndS: Copy of the letter deeiphereds and found with William Holt. This was sent from William Gibbe [? name somewliat blotted] in Spain to William Brereton alias Watts, as Wm. Holt affirms. Some sentences in, Latin. 1 p. [Spaht I. 103.] (Note.—Holt, when arrested in Seotland in the spring of 158B, was passing under the name of Peter Brereton.) Aug.

•

27

'

287.

COBHAM to WALSINGHAM

I have written to you lately, so that there is almost no further occasion offered to trouble you with any lines,l * other than' I am desirous to let no convenient messenger pass, by whom I would not' certify you of fthe affairs in these parts. The Queen Begenfc keeps her Court at St. Moro,' resorting daily hither to Paris. She makes it known to all the Duke of Brabant's wellwillers that she does and will help her son in Flanders so far forth as she may not ' shows to have a will to ' break wars' with the Catholic king. I* seems, as I hear, she could be contented Marshal Biron should resort into Flanders for the service of Monsieur, howbeit as yet 1 have learned no certain resolution thereof; but the Prince Dauphin haa been at the Court, much ('' cheered' and encouraged by the queen. He * pretends' to take Ms voyage ! about the beginning of next month, and his companies are already passed forward*

...

.

.. •••ELIZABETH.

A.». 1582.

;

The Duke of Montpensier is still here in Paris, declaring himseli earnestly affected to Monsieur's cause, having opened his purse very largely to the Prince Dauphin, his son, as I am informed. The return of MM. Bellievre and Brulart is daily expected, for the desire they have to understand clearly what Salcedo has ' passed' and Confessed. The queens were yesterday at the christening of the Duke of Guise's son. The Queen of Navarre has taken possession of Cardinal Birague'B house, on the 26th iiist., and paid some part of the money. The king entered Lyons oil the 17fch, accompanied by scarcely 20 horaes, and not staying there, -went to meet his young queen at the Bath of ' Bourbonnensi,' as they certify hither. He has given order to have 200,000 crowns made over to Lyons, and wrote a letter to the . Queen of Navarre concerning his coming thither, desiring her to inform everyone who had heard tell by report that his repair to Lyons was with intention to displace M. Mandelot from his government, that he had no such meaning. The king two days' before his departure hence sat in Council and discoursed in a long oration, to his councillors the inconvenience and disorder he found to be in his State; showing the great zeal be had that it might be redressed by way of justice and reformation. Which, speech he delivered with such apt terms that his councillors have given him great commendation. I hear further he has sent letters to the Courts of ParUment and other Courte of his High Justice, and governors of bis realm, showing the grief and ~ discontent he has of the great taxations and impositions wherewith his people are at present burdened. The Mug has taken with him two or three boys, who write for him. daily in his cabinet, after his direction, such causes as he every day passes, and the 'memorials' which he takes from them; locking those writings up in a desk, and keeping the key about his arm. They have signified to me that t h e ' Swisses' wrote lately to the Duke of Savoy, requesting him to withdraw his forces altogether from the confines of Geneva; otherwise they would be constrained to remove them perforce. They desired Mm further to give order for the defraying of those charges they had already made &rough the levying and approaching of his forces. I received your letter by Waller Oassie touching the complaints against d'Ainneville, and have requested to have audience of the Queen Mother; though he has lately been with me, promising that all things should be redressed. The Spanish ambassador is very inquisitive to hear what news comes from England touching the Spanish and French ' armies/ beeause what passed in that fight by se& is not yet declared isitix any certainty.

FOREIGN PAYEES.. .'

'

There is an Irish footman of my Lord of Leicester gone towards England, who returned in Count Brissac's skip, from whom you may understand such particulars as he saw during the count's atay in the fight beside St. Michael's. I send herewith the copy of a letter directed to the Duke of Guise ; which letter I had in my hands, and would have sent, but I could not be suffered. ' . I have had no dispatch from you since that which Mr Burnham brought, which was dated July 22 and 23. ' I beg, if you please, that my Italian may be in some sort dispatched, and commanded not. to pasa by the ordinary post way of Boulogne or Calais, because there is 'wait laid' for all letters which shall pass to and fro. I dispatched Paynter the 'post* on the 21st inst. by way of Dieppe requesting him to make haste.—Paris, 27 August 1582. P.8.—'Perrador' the consul, and Custodio Ley tarn are both come hither out of Flanders, ' assuring * there are ships ready for the service of Don Antonio. And M. Beauvois-'Langi,' who was sometime captain of the king's guards, is corhe to this Court. It is thought the Queen Mother will persuade him to go with the new supply of ships and' men to aid Don Antonio. Add. and Endt. gone. 4pp.

Aug.

:

'' ;

. .;

28

288-

[France VIII. 28]

COBBLUI to WALBINGHAM

I hare this day had access to the Queen Mother, taking occasion to visit her, because I had not done my. duty towards her since her coming hither from Fontainebleau. I assured her I had done it sooner, but that I heard she was in some grief through the uncertain reports of M. Stroazi's death, which I said I hoped would prove otherwise) to their better contentation. Whereon she told me that as yet she had received no certain news, but advertisements of hope, as well from Flanders as from her own coasts. And further, how this morning the Bishop of Angiera, who is newly come to Court, told her he had received a letter from one of the ports on the sea-side nighest to Spain, wherein it was written how a small bark was come from the Isles of Madeira, the master and merchant of which ' assured' that they had seen the fight between the French and Spanish, navy besides the isle of St. Michael, and perceived the French, to have the Spanish fleet in chase, and that they saw the French masters of the two Spanish gallions, with white' auncients' set in them. She added, however it was, she would not lose her courage, but meant to proceed, knowing her right to be good. _ Howbeit, she said, they would do the better if it pleased her Majesty . to help them as she had promised, now that it was no further to be • doubted, since they had fought with the Spaniards. I answered her that she might be well assured the Queen would ' accomplish' with them thoroughly in. all points of friendship according to the amity which, she had with them; and so I took occasion to leave that ' purpose * and turned my speech to Monsieur's actions in Flanders, declaring to her that it was

ELIZABETH.

.

281

A.D.158'2.

reported he wanted their Majesties' favour and forces, and especially their French lances. To which she .answered they, did what they could, and the Prince Dauphin was repairing thither with many of the nobility. Howbeit, she declared she had signified to her son her advice to be that he should not overhastily fight -with the enemy, but rather weary them, taking advantage of places and opportunities; because she understood the Prince of Parma was strong, and the Spaniards full of deeeit. After thus much had passed, I besought her to command that some order might be taken with d'Armeville, who had a bark or two on the sea, which had robbed her Majesty's subjects, 'whereof one of them' was come to me with letters, in which I was commanded to beseech her he might be restored to his goods, and recompensed for his losses. I requested her withal that M. Pinart might be present, because lie was already acquainted with the cause and the complaints thereof I had made at Fontainebleau to the king. Whereon she commanded M.' Pinart to come to her, who declaredthe king's pleasure was that restitution should be made, and justice done according to the offence; for which purpose he had spoken to d'Armeville, who bad promised that the barks which ' named themselves' to belong to him should be compelled by him to retire, and that he would give satisfaction for so much as had been taken from her Majesty's subjects, and come to his or any other hands. Notwithstanding, I requested her now again that d'Armeville might be sent for, to answer 'unto' the disorders committed against-her Majesty's subjects by his barks and men. This the Queen Mother has commanded to he done, and M. Pinart has promised that full satisfaction shall be given to Walter Cassis; which I will pursue according to the recommendations received in your last letter brought me by Cassie this other day. The king at his late being in Lyons would not suffer himseli to be received in any solemn manner, sending back the gentlemen and soldiers who came towards him' to accompany him into the town. But after he had lodged the first night in M. Mandelot's the1 governor's houseT and the next morning the chief officers and the burgesses came to visit him, offering their services, he gave ih4m to understand that his coming thither was in private sort, to * cheer' with them, and to spend Ms time merely a few days, while his queen was gone the nextway to the Baths of' Bourbonnensi.4 Which they understanding prepared accordingly places of dancing ; so that his Majesty was feasted the first night by the Genoese, and the next, more sumptuously, by the ^Florentines, and lastly by those of the town, where he liked the grace and manner of daneing of one gentlewoman most especially, and gave her some small present, granting pardon to her brother, he having committed a 'fact* worthy death. The next day] he left Lyons* taHng Ms way to ' Bourhonnensi,' *where there and at Moulins at thereahoute ibfe will spend the most part of fee month of September, In this Court they judge he will not so soon return into these parts because he has sent for his violom and other musicians.

282

.

. FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

There are letters come from Geneva, certifying how those of that town and the Duke of Savoy have referred their causes to-be decided by the Swiss Cantons, who. are to meet in'France this next month. Meantime the king has commanded all the French who served the Dulse of Savoy to retire. And M. de Chatillon, with both horse and foot, was advanced very near Geneva to pass to their aid; but they of the town were unresolved whether they should permit him to approach near their to.wn, or dismiss him with his companies, because they did not yet see clearly what the • Duke of Savoy intended, though he had retired and diminished some part of his forces. The Duke of Savoy.seems, by his ambassador lately sent to the King of Navarre, to renew again the wooing of the Princess of Navarre; wherein he employs the means and friendship of Marshal Montmorency, who is in great good favour with the King of Navarre. • The King of Navarre, the Prince of Conde, the Duke of Montmorency have appointed a meeting together, and the King of . Navarre has required Marshal Joyeuse and the Bishop of Toulouse to eome likewise and be present with them to redress some difficulties which impeach the public peace in those parts. MM. Bellievre and Brulart came to the Court this evening, bringing with them Salcedo, who will be committed, to prison at Bois de ' Vincent.' The Queen Mother intends to speak with him, as I am informed. The Duke of Guise's son, of whom I wrote, had the Queen of Navarre for his godmother and the Duke of Montpensier for his godfather, after whose name he was christened Loys. And because the old Duke could not be present, the Prince Dauphin supplied his father's place at the ceremony. It is understood in this Court that Monsieur's 4,000 Swiss are come to the frontier of Lorraine together with the companies of Dauphinois and the Provencals. The rest of the French horse and foot are appointed to join the Swiss about the beginning of September, so that the whole number of the army which will be conducted by the Prince Dauphin, M. la Yal and Kochefoucaut will amount to 14,000 or 15,000 as they account in this Court. My Lord of • Leicester's footman is persuaded by the Consul "Perrador' and Custodio Leytam to stay from going into England, so now he is resolved to return to Eochelle, to pass in the company of Don Duarto de Meneses, thinking to repair with the • first occasion to Don Antonio.—Paris, 28 August 1582. Add. Efidd. 5£ pp. [Frunce VIII. 29,]

:

Aug.

28

289.

P. »E ZUBIASR to

I am so greatly obliged to you that I know not how I can serve you; since neither Mr Winter nor others will venture to go against your orders, under whose protection I remain in ibis realm.

ELIZABETH. AJt>-1582.

* .. I have tried all I could to get done with Qiechar tierra a) a foul crime, which is that being at Ealmouth, -within the Queen's port, the people of the place at the 'inducement of certain persons, took Phelipe de Orio's ship from h i m ; and having thrown his people into the sea, a very foul affair, agreed to give the poor master his ship back again in Biscay, and they struck a bargain Oil that. The master departed on June 7, and up to now they have detained her in Falmouth, offering him some trifle; and so he has returned here, and is in the ambassador's house, where they give him something to eat. I do not know what he has thought of them. I beg you to have the poor man's business dispatched. He does not want to go to Ireland, because he hears that his ship is ruined and rotted; and so let your orders be that they give it him at once since they have been guilty of the death of his people and the loss of his ship. One of the delinquents is a prisoner in theMarshalsea, who it would be well should be examined by some person having commandment from you, —London, 28th August 1582.

Somewhat damaged by water. [Spain I, 104.] Aug.

29

-283

290.

Add.

Endcl. Span.

1 p.

DANZAY to WAXSUHJKAH

I wish to thank you for having been enabled by your means to make the acquaintance oi Lord WiUoughby, -who for his singular virtues deserves to be loved, honoured, and served by everyone, as I shall sincerely do, and shall strive by all good offices to preserve and increase this friendship. "We have often been in familiar communication, for it has happened that certain wits were striving to traverse and hinder his designs. But they have been so overcome and vanquished by his prudence that his negotiation has reached the end we desired. I will not importune you with the particulars of these parts, since Mr Waad, a gentleman of good judgement, will declare them faithfully and fully to yon.—Copenhagen, 29 August 1582. Add. Endd. Fr. 1 p. [Denmark I. SB.] Aug.

29

291.

HAUVISSIBSB to WALSINGHAM

The bearer of this, named Sallefrauque of Bordeaux, who with reason praisea you aa having found you honourable and full of justice and good affection towards himself and all frenchmen, whereof he loudly proclaims the kindness and favour shown him, to balance this however complains of the greatest injustice in the world done to him by Mr ' Houton' who is a clerk in the Customs for wine ;- who is detaining his property and bis credit to Ms entire ruin. Hereof he makes aueb. great lamentations that the air, and' everybody, are filled with hia grievances- He says farther that Mr ' Hoton.' has so-mueh favour and authority in this town that lie, Sallefranque, cannot find a lawyer to pjlead Ms cause; the said * Hoton' doing him the greatest possible injury > biwing received the goods for which Sallefrattque is responsible, and ic* wmeb he mast pay to the la%t sou, or in default o! that, die m prison* This will

284

: FOREIGN PAPEKS.

A.D. 1582. , ,- , affect all the honest English merchants' from the failure of credit which they will henceforth find at Bordeaux, when the example of Sallefranque is seen. He is now going back to you to implore his final remedy; and I shall be compelled, if he gets no other satis• faction, to grant him an attestation that he has not found justice nor favour in this realm save with you, which will do no good for the violent complaints that Sallefranque will make on all sides; and he will go and importune the king and all his Council, who I know will refer him back hither before providing any other remedy 'for him. This being well considered, I beg you to see what can be done for this poor man, who is to be pitied, and who, with the . French people, will be bound to serve and honour you as I do for my part—London, 29 August 1582. ,.

.

Aug.

80

P.8.—I send you a little packet for the Queen of Scotland and her officials, which I beg you to let her have. I send the letter which M. Nau wrote me ia the last packet which you sent me, to thank you for the kind and prompt dispatch which you gave to M. du Buisseau, her agent, to go to the Queen of Scotland. Add, Endd. Fr> 2 pp. [France VIIL 80.] 2 9 2 . MATJVISSIHEE to the LORDS of the COUNCIL

I write to tell you that many poor French merchants have gone and are going evexj day to the king my master and the Governor of INormandy to beg them to intercede with the Queen and the Lords oi hex_ Council to have justice for the great and notable piracies and . . • , depredations constantly committed by a number of- Englishmen, wnose retreat is in the neighbourhood of Poole. The following are' the names of such as can be found out: Captain Pons, Captain Clinton, Captain Thomas Posset, Captain Haras, Captain Hoit, and another Englishman, captain of a flyboat of 100 tons, whose name •/: • . is not known, with five or- six other English captains, having ships with warlike armament, as is attested by sundry prominent burghers of Poole. These pirates have in the last month taken nine reneh ships laden with goods of which I send you a note, together witn their names, besides several oth&r which we do not know; and have armed the best of them, and made the traders pay ransoms, and the vessels they do not fancy, the? make the owners buy back' at . , wnat price theyfix,gelling and distributing the goods to various pers Ons thereabout, who deal with them freely ; and they say they r mak% ™emselves so strong that they will take care no one hangs them, and that since the land is no good to them, they must needs : ^ S * ST ^ r 0 f i t ,Qn i I l e a?a> w d m a Q y o t h er remarks they have • wade to the Frenchmen whom they have let go after payment of , . - » m > S oul g so far as to say they are hbttfraid of the Queen's lordBf J

/li'ffinrtlj-

t.

«S?S 1

iT

e this

*° y o u r g° o d consideration, and beg

8Hb3eCt 8 l Vecen% 6 nd muifcJ 1 Tbx.r e a kft Pe y t»U An dd" A

/ PP-

Plundered, and not to let these they wdo mure more Jjariu harm aiiu and »are more I D W«»V ^ ldd ^ereas among the ships plundered ' " ^

there is one named the Cantaraine of HonfleuE, of 15.0 tons, which

ELIZABETH. . 1582. • ,• , A resisted, and 12 of the best men were killed by the pirates, and seven mortally wounded, they tools; this ship and armed her, and with her took several other ships and traders, whose names I do not know, and among others a German hulls; of 400 tons, which after pillaging and taking a great quantity of money in her they . sold back to the owner for £150 sterling, and now they are looking out for all the French traders and sailors returning from the fishery. There is an old Frenchman an honourable trader, named Chefdostel, who in order to redeem a small ship of 60 tons, for s£100, has for three weeks paid the vice-admiral Francis Harley as interest on that sam, £30, as I can show by the receipt of the vice-admiral, who goes day and night to see these pirates and treat with them. The poor inhabitants dare not speak about this. And as regardsr the Cantareine the king has written to me particularly, very earnestly, as have M. de Meilleraye and his brother, and M. de Carrouges, begging her Majesty and you to have her restored to the owner, Jean Caserme, who is on his way to you to implore justice. And as regards the other ships and goods taken by the pirates from Frenchmen, I beg you in tae king's name to use your prudence ,.and equity; which doing, and taking these pirates, her Majesty and you will do a work worthy of her goodness and virtue.—London, 30 August 1582. Add. Aug.

80

293.

•

. .

, • . ,

Endd. Fr.

1J
FIZI. 81.]

The KING OF DENSIABK to the QUEEN

Your letter written on April 14, concerning a ship ealled the Ascension, said to have been intercepted by the crews of the King of Sweden's fleet, was brought hither by this bearer, your servant, only yesterday, August 29. That the ship stayed some days in. our roads of Oresund was not due to any fault of ours or of our officers, as we have shown fully and precisely in our former letters. Therefore if any harm arose from the delay, it must be held to have been received from the causes there alleged, not from us or any of our servants. Also, though we should have no objection to write to the King of Sweden, as you suggested, we are hindered by the following reasons which lead us to think our letters would not have great weight. Our letters of passage, as they call them, which we gave to those sailing for Harva, were unable to deliver any others but our .own subjects under otn- treaties from the persecution of the King of Sweden and bis crews; the receipt of_suea_ letters py foreigners was originally to meet the caBe of their falling in with. ships of our own. Then again, from the report of your servant here, we find that before coming here w|th your letter he had been in Sweden and had negotiated in the matter there, with the result that the ship was restored, but not the goods.

From all this you will doubtless judge, as ye said before, thaiiou* letters would be of no weight in this position ol affairs; and we . accordingly promise ourselves that you will readily hold ue for

286

FOBEIGN PAPERS.

A.D. 1S82.

••••;-...

omitting to send them. Otherwise we should have failed to meet your request, which avails much, with us, nor to render our services if any interposition was called for. We thought only that a present reply was due to your letter, and we pray you to take it in good part.—Frederiksborg, 30 August 1582. Add. Endd,.- To her Majesty from the King of Denmark, about the ship stayed in the Sound. Latin, l%pp. [Denmark I. 24.] Aug.

30

294.

STOKES to WALSIKGBAM

Having intelligence in what disorder Monsieur's camp lay 'scattering'in sundry villages between Ghent and Gavre, 'made' the Prince of Parma come yesterday morning with hia whole camp of horse and foot to set upon them. But by great fortune, about two hours before the enemy came, a poor peasant' gave warning of their coming, and incontinently they gathered together as fast as they could. And being together, the enemy came and 'gave the charge' upon them first with the new-come Spaniards and the 3 ensigns of the revolted Englishmen ; which was done with such a fury that the Frenchmen all ran away towards Ghent as fast as they could go, and left all the Englishmen and Scots to try the matter with the enemy; ' who ' by little and little were forced to retire under the walls of Ghent, where they set themselves in good order of battle, and then made a noble stout skirmish with the enemy. In this skirmish General Norris very valiantly with the English lances twice gave the charge upon the enemy, and made them retreat; and the cannon played continually from the town walls, which troubled the enemy very sore. This skirmish continued from before 8 o'clock in the morning till 11 at noon, and then the enemy retired a little way and rested themselves until 1 o'clock in the afternoon, and then they came again, and made a new skirmish upon General Norris, which continued until & o'elock. But they were so valiantly received and ' defended ' by the Englishmen that the loss fell greater on the enemy's side. And Monsieur and the Prince of Orange were upon the walls, and saw all the pastime from the beginning in the morning until, the ending in the afternoon; at whieh Monsieur was greatly aggrieved to see hia Frenchmen run away forenoon and afternoon, and in the hearing of a great number his Highness said jhe would put his honour in the hands -of Englishmen for their valiant service.

-

The Scots were 5 ensigns at this skirmish, but they were scant 300 in all. The enemy is now retired to Oudenarde. They marched 14 leagues that night to do this enterprise, and carried away the greater logs; for by report there are not slain on this side above 100 men, but many are hurt. Of English captains there are hurt and slain the following: Captain Sutton, sore hurt and not like to live; Captain Cromwell hurt in the leg, and Captain Edwards' lieutenant slain. These are all that are yet written of. This is the second time this month that the' English have saved thewhole camp and yet theirvaliant good service is smally considered; so that all men wish these were na soldiers in the country but

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582, s

.•

287 .,

Englishmen, who have now a noble speech among the magistrates and eommon.3. God continue it long and ever. All men cry out of the great disorder that continues still in Monsieur's camp; which if it be not amended, the good estate thereof cannot continue long. So it is grievous to hear the magistrates and commons the lamenting they mate for want of better government. Monsieur's camp lies still beside Ghent, and it is said that he -will depart from Ghent to Antwerp at the end of this week; and all things are well again in the camp and at Ghent, and Monsieur is very nobly used of the Centners.—Bruges, 30 August 1582. Add.

Attg. 31

Endd,

2§£p.

[Holl, and FL XVI. 128.]

2 9 5 . SIB BICHAED SHELLEY to. WALBINGHAUI I acknowledge myself to be much bound to you for the good reports you have made of my faithfulness to the Queen; which office you of your modesty do not so enlarge in your own letter to me, as the Lord Treasurer, 'my great good lord/ has with all efficacy declared it to me. In consideration whereof it may seem I deserve some blame, that have been BO .slow in acknowledging the benefit that you did so 'lively,' and in answering your letter to me of so great comfort. But the cause has not been either my not conceiving vour favour shewn to me so ample and effectual as it is, or my unreadiness to acknowledge it; for God forbid I should be guilty of such ingratitude. The truth is, Sir Francis, seeing her Majesty accepted so m-aeiously my good will and endeavour only to have her mU fulfilled L her merchants' suit, I deferred writing from post to post, in hope to Bee and send her the accomplishment of her desire. Nevertheless both the lingering has been so long as J, S d never have imagined, and the effect fallen not otherwise than I looked for. But since But since the the answer answer to to her her letter, lette, and the decree that I send, ht they th callll off ffW were passed by the Councill that W^^J J* ? ? ^ ^ ll vou thi and hands—I nave so tell things paBs through many heads ana

d e b S to SaLr with The GenW Fosearmi ^ h e m e 8u r e r Michaeli, senators here of the highesti degree, ™«JJj* E°fj \ ™J

her Majesty's particular servants and my good lords}, that i clare say upon the confidence that I have in then- honours, so soon as the ^increased customs have ' there' been taken away, as they •gather to be her Majesty's intent that a 6news oa r t ea * ^ t h e n ^ taken, both for recompense of all that the ^ ^ ^ T f i f o « S paid, and for the currants that they had bargamed ft» b t o the Z •pubUshmg of the first decree in the Me of ^^JhtijMJ Sffl teee% such benefit by her coimnendation, a a wdl v j H J d a r e the authority she has in this famous Senate and Commonwealth. . Setting now aside the merchants' m% wWehij ^llm^xm respect of the old amity ihat.is now meant to \ r ^ S ' i f i S avow to you that this state is BO desirous of rt as they shall thereby

288

FOREIGN . PAPERS.

A.D. 1582.

, '

:

;

•''•••

receive greater commodities in their traffic, and as it ' stands them more upon ' for their own safety that there should be forthcoming a realm of England, and as we say; a Eoland for an Oliver, to encounter these mighty nations of France and Spain; as King Henry VII, the Solomon of his time, foresaw, when all other princes had, as it were, conspired in Oambray against this Senate, that it was meet for the ' indemnity' of his Crown to maintain a State of Venice. And so he did not only advertise them of that league, but also 'holpe' them both with counsel and with money. And touching these Venetian matters, both of our merchants and of the state, this for this time I think sufficient. But concerning myself, and the desire I have to be at home, so I might there live Catholicly, truth it is (albeit I mean to be myself the first to write to you thereof) that I write nothing more. But since the tragedies caused, as the war in Ireland was, by a generation that I never 'leeted,' I thought not the time yet seasonable to make that motion. In which opinion I was the more . confirmed, because in all this while I had not from you any resolution thereof as your meaning was, at the writing of your letter, to have sent me by the next post. And ao much the more, because my Lord Treasurer wrote to me the Queen's pleasure was that he should prove if I might be ' recovered ' to conform myself to the religion there established; which clause was to me so strange, and so appalled me, that straight I thought' my Cake was dough' (doohts). I.hoped her Majesty had known me better than to think that to be possible, or a .way meet for me to take for her service, which is the thing, God I call to witness, that I 'pretend'; for otherwise, being now a man of threescore years and eight, I little ears in what country I be carried to my grave.

;

Thea, utterly to reject this sorrowful' propos,' and to relieve this hea^y thought with, a more pleasant imagination, I say that I am so desirous once ' ever' I die to see the Queen my sovereign, whom naturally, besides my duty, I have always been given to love and tender, and to discharge the duty of so faithful a subject as she has 1 tried ' me to be with three-and-twenty years' adversity, I mean, in discovering to her for her own safety and that of her realm such matter as to letters is not to be committed—for these causes I so long to. kiss her hands, that if it may please her to grant me a passport, with .my folks to come and go freely without any such examination as., upon occasions ministered of just jealousy, has of late been taken of suspected persons, and without any. manner of communication to be had with me, saving only of matters of atate for the Queen's safety and that of my country; seeing by the profession that I have made so many years in Spain and in ' Rome self' that I will live and die her true subject and servant, I haw to-' indifferent understanders,' and to them that be not captious, sufficiently answered those interrogatories; then upon hope of this privilege to be granted me upon these considerations, I will further 'put myself in voyage,' though it be in a litter, to come and creep to her princely presence. Beseeching you that I may have speedy resolution, * *-tin* *ime I make an end.—Vemce, last of August 1582,

ELIZABETH.

289

A.©. 1582.

P.S.—The above-named Procurer Miehaeli, who is here a Senator of the highest degree, and was ambassador in France at the time of the Massacre in Paris, 'has him most heartily recommended ' to you, as one that has in good remembrance the familiar friendship and conversation that was between you in those troublous timeSj and is here now in rebus secundis and come to the quietness of meminisse jurat. I assure you he speaks very honourably of your good nature and dexterity in affairs. (Signed) Richard Shelley of St. John's. Enclosure: Aug. 14 Copy. 15823 the 14th August, in the Pregadi —Secondly [?L'andem parie], that to gratify the Queen of England, the vexatious impost passed January 26, 1580, be by authority of this Council taken off, and that written orders he afe once, seat to our Governors at Zante and wherever necessary, when they are advised (as they shall be' by ua) that the Queen has on her side removed the increased duties laid upon our people's goods on those coasts, putting things back on the former terms, to execute and cause to be executed by all whom it concerns, the present decree, which otherwise may be taken to be revoked and null, the first part, of 1580, in that ease holding good. It may be taken at the same time that when the above advice arrives, Paul Banning, Edward Housdon, Eiehard Grlaacoe, and other English merchants who owe for the new impost under that part, 1580, may be released from payment of that debt, having to give a fitting caution in this city, with a deposit {?partita moria) in the Bank, that in the event of the duties not being taken off by their Queen, the Signiory may be put back in possession of that account, and if they are taken off they may go free. Add. with seal. Endd. 2Jpp. and Ital. f p. Aug.

31

296-

JOHN NOSEIS to WALSINGUJAM

[Venice I, G,]

f

My cousin Stafford being ready to return to England, I thought good by him to advertise you how our skirmish passed yesterday, and the cause of it. On Tuesday, our army lodging at Scellebelle, intending the nest day to bring the cannon to (xavre, His Highness was advertised that the Prince of Parma had dislodged his camp from about'Mening * in great diligence, and that Ms 'avahigard' was already arrived at Oudenarde. Hereupon command was given that all colonels and captains should repair to the camp, and bring.it under the walls of Ghent. The marshals of the camp caused the baggage to dislodge about midnight, and yet carelessa to hasten the rest lingered so long that the enemy was in our lodging before we departed, I was commanded to make ihe retreat, and ' St Bevall,1 a freneh colonel, to second me with some French shot. The enemy charged m very often upon the way, and [was] still repulsed with some lose. Out horsemen, by reason the way was strait, were put before as, to the end thai; when we should some to the plain t&ey might have succoured us; which when we came to prove, we ionm. the i 16077

290

FOEEIGN PAPEK&.

A,». 1582.

for they left us in the plain field, and thereby had caused our overthrow, if God had not blessed us. The French infantry who had the 'arriergard' bestirred themselves so well that they got before our. English ensigns and could hardly after be procured to fight. In- the end they brought us home to the walls and there charged us on every side, and had thought to have made us drown ourselves in the ditches, but that God so defended us that they have not any cause to brag of their enterprise. The other particulars I leave to the report of the bearer.—Ghent, this last of August 1582, Add. Endd, by Walsinghmi: from my cousin Norris; and hi a later hand: Lres from Mr J. Norris and other captains. 12>• {Holl. mid Fl. XVI. 128.] Aug.

81

297.

ETIBNISB LESIEUB to

On the 15th inst. I wrote you from Dunkirk what the Prince of Parma had replied to her Majesty's letters, and asked you to let me know what her pleasure would he in regard to the defraying of Mr Eogers's expenses. After that I continued my journey to these parts of Cleves, where I arrived on the 25th, and hearing that M. d' Anholt was with Terdugo at the siege of Lochem, I sent a messenger to him to let him know that I had letters to him from the Prince of Parma, and to ask for a safe-conduct to go to him, which otherwise I cannot do owing to the soldiers of one side and the other who go to and fro between this place and that, and who threaten me on account of the capture of Mr Eogers's capto*r} who is still in the castle of Cleves and accuses me of being the cause of his apprehension. This long delay {re$pit) has been due to the discussion of his case, according to the laws of these countries. Next Tuesday is the last day for hia reply, which will not be of much service to him, as the Chancellor tells me ; but execution will be done upon him. I have today received M. d'Anholt's answer, and my opinion is that he will consent to the liberation of Mr Eogers, provided that expenses are paid. Wherefore I again humbly beg you to let me know how I am in future to conduct myself herein; which when I have heard, I will use all diligence. The sum is about 10,000 Brabant florins, or more.

~ •

Today news is come that Lochem has been revictualled and relieved by Count Hohenlohe and a French regiment, but not without great loss on both sides. This is said to have occurred yesterday, so no details are yet known. M- d'Anholt is staying at Slburg near Cologne. "When I know M. d'Anholt's reply I will take my journey to him,.,with her Majesty's letter.—Gleves, the last of August 1582. Aid. Aug:

f

81

'

298.

Endd. FT. lp.

[Gwmany II. 36.]

WALSINGHAM to OOBHAM

You may find it strange that this bearer, your servant, has teen stayed here thus' long, but the cause, of it proceeds ' for that' her

ELIZABETH.

291

A.D. 1582.

Majesty finds fault with the great charge she is, at in the conveying of so many dispatches out of Prance and thither. Wherefore, unless there fall out matter of importance that requires to he necessarily advertised, you -will do well to forbear to send so often. And yet she found fault that you did not with more speed advertise of the ' success' that Don Antonio's fleet has had against the King of Spain's; for before the receipt of your letters the French ambassador had received advertisements of it by two several couriers, who brought news that the French had had the better, but because it is not confirmed by you, we here give no credit to it. The cause of my present dispatch is only to acquaint you with what has lately happened in Scotland, of which you will understand the particulars by the enclosed. Archibald Douglas, who you know is a man of good judgement, tells me that the duke is not likely to .find any great party in this action; for both he and Arran are generally so hated in Scotland that few will venture to take their part, so that we have now, I hope, little cause to fear any danger or inconvenience to grow from thence. The discovery of some meaning that there '• should be' to seize certain of the nobility there, whereof you have been advertised by a nobleman, I judge was the cause of the hastening of the execution of this enterprise. Her Majesty has hereupon despatched Sir George Carey and Mr Bowes into Scotland to make offer to the king of anything that she may do for the safety of his person and the quieting of the state of his realm, as also to * comfort' the noblemen with the promise of her best help and assistance to reduce things there to some good terms. If either Pinart or some other shall ' move any speech' to you of this matter, as it is not unlikely ' but' that Mauvissiere has already written thither of it, you may let them understand that there is nothing done therein without the king's consent, who now apparently found that by running the course he was by these illaffected instruments round him led into, be was likely to lose the IOTO and goodwill of all his people, to the manifest danger of the overthrow of his state and person, and that her Majesty has seat thither to ' stay that' no violent course ' shall be' held in the matter, hut that all things may proceed orderly, without any alteration, and these men receive their trial by the ordinary course of law. Her Majesty, when she heard that your packet had been intercepted, greatly misliked that'you had not written in cypher that which concerned the King of Navarre; for now, the dispatch being come into the hands of the enemy, the whole substance of that negotiation is discovered to them; wherefore you will do well in like case hereafter to use your cypher.— Oawands, this last of August 1582. Draft. 'Bndd. by L> Tomwn. 1J#J>. On laek: These are to require you to pay or cause to be paid to the bearer hereof, Paulo Citolino;for carriage of letters in post for her Majesty's affairs fe> Sir Henry Oobham, knight, his Highness* ambassador resident in France, being at Paris, this day, the sum o! < Dated

atOi

IFranee VIII, 82.]

292

FOREIGN PAPEES.

i.D. 1582.

End of August

2 9 9 . The COUNCIL or STATE in the Low Countries to the QUIEN

Whereas the merchants trading by sea have complained to us that certain ships of war, iitted ou ^ in your Majesty's realm under pretext . of entering the service of Don Antonio, are boarding, holding to ransom, and enforcing the vessels coming here, directed to merchants resident in this country, the which is contrary to the ancient freedom of traffic^ and very prejudicial thereto; and they will do more if steps he not taken in time, the boldness of evildoing being wont to increase by impunjfcy; therefore the merchants have requested us humbly to beg your Majesty, that for the conservation of traffic and the treaties to. that end made between you and the princes of this country, you will take order that no hindrance or annoyance be caused by those armed ships, whether on the high seas or in port, to ships coming from Portugal or Spain or other quarters, towards these countries. This we have not, for the sate of the obligations upon us to assist the merchants of these parts in a matter ao just and reasonable and so much concerning the public weal of these countries, been able to decline ; and therefore pray that having regard to the above, and seeing that it is as important to the_ security of merchants your subjects to be safe from all robberies which in a precarious time might be committed under any pretext. by pirates or others you will charge your admirals and all ships of war as well as the captains of your ports to see that no such robberies are committed by any ships under pretence of being in Don Antonio's service, and arrest any they find acting contrary and proceed against them as pirates, by seizure of their persons and ships.—Ghent. (Signed), The Prince of Orange and others of the Council of State. Copy. Endd. by L. Cave. Fr, 2 jt)p. [HoB. and M. XVII. 100.] Sept. 1

3 0 0 . VrLLTEits to WALSINGHAM I have just received yours of the 25 th ult. and at the same time left Mr Karris, who asked me if 1 had had no answer, for he knew well that I had written to you touching the person named in my former. The same gentleman, M. de Sainte-Aldegonde and I were discussing a matter of which that gentleman will have charge. If it comes to an end, he will get more honour than in the late retreat at Ghent, where he, with Mr Gainsford, carried off the • honours, and even brought the said" Mr Gainsford three times out of the_ enemy's hands. You will hear plenty about it otherwise, but this little will make you understand in what esteem he and the English pikemen are held. Please God they do not forget itYou should think of it also, for in the judgement of soldiers it is a fine force that your kingdom has. I am very glad that you have countermanded him about whom you wrote to me. I state no reasons, for you have not done it without eause. I think your people will live in more peace for it. You have a brave and wise gentleman in Mr Knollys, and one who serves well to put peace among vyour people, for he sets an example to many., *-*->-.

298 A.D.1582. To a great part of your letter I make no other Answer, save that I thank you for what you have written to me, and more for.what you have done. As regards what I wrote you touching .the conjunction of the two realms, I looked to the good of both, and ours also; but if M. de Bellievre has told me true, it seems to me that they only ask an assurance on your part, having which they would be willing to go forward. I beg you to take it in good part that I write to you yet one word ah/out it, and for the last time—for I do not wish to be importunate, unless I see some great cause. When there was talk of peace in France, you excused yourself on the ground that it did not seem to you assured. Since then you have decided (r-oue vous etes airetes) on several embarkations for Portugal which did not succeed, and I remember that the late M. Languet hesitated much (etait fort arretfy on that point; and as I saw from the letters you wrote at the time, you judged of it better than he. And to say the truth, I was not of his opinion, for I had known M. Strozzi for 80 years to be a man of honour in that quarrel. When those fleets were ready, you could not believe that it meant business («e .Just a hem escient) as against Spain ; and. now you are. taking another opportunity, and I still fear that that Castilian will undermine us all in the long run. Pray consider, since the time when the House of England wished to hold the balance between those of Prance and Burgundy, what. has been the increase of these two ' Houses. That of Burgundy is infinite; France has gained Britanny, Provence, Burgundy, the 'goods' of Bourbon, and the district of Metz. Think of it, please, and excuse me if I importune you anew. I- leave the event to God. As to the King of Portugal's defeat, we nave had the same news as you, and of the same date,- all the result of Count Brissac's arrival in Normandy. But we hear that the Queen Mother had advices to the contrary on the 22nd ult. and in fact from intercepted letters from the Prince and Duchess of Parma's agents, written at Lisbon on Aug. 8, from the cardinal and others at Madrid on the 15th we see that the King of Spain was much taken aback at the loss of the island of St. Michael's, also that the two fleets had fought on M y 23 and 24, and they did not know oh which side the victory lay; insomueh that the king was become as white as ashes (such were the words). And we have a ship, coming from Brouage, whieh says the same. I doubt not that in. France they have certain news by now. Only the fleet from Lisbon was in the aetion, that from Seville having doubled Cape St. Vincent on July 27th only. It consists of 30 to 40 vessels. Tomorrow Ms Highness ought to be back in this town; and it seems, if our enemy will believe'u^, that the war is coming along into Brabant.—Antwerp, I September 1582. P.S.—I am sending all that I have been able to get up to now touching the Scotchman's business-; if I em get any more, I will send it, The ambassador who w*s h&m has died at Teere, and Mr Stewart has taken away his papers, MnM. .Fr. 4 pp. [HoEt.andFk XVIL 2/j

•294;

•

POBBIGN PAPEEB.

A.D.1582.

Sept. 1

.

3 0 1 . ALFONSO FBEEABOSOO to WA£SING:HAM Among my past misfortunes I esteem it not the least that I have so long been under bond, with not unimportant security, not to leave Italy; whereby, among many important reasons which moved me to return, to England, one was and is that the greater part of the present which her Majesty was good enough to give me in reward for my long and faithful service, I have left in unrighteous hands, which have defrauded me oi my own property. Nor by any means, either of process-server {mandatorio) or anyone else, have I been able to settle my accounts with my creditors or debtors, who, believing me to be perpetually confined in these parts, have made up the accounts as they liked, and got them so confused that Mercury's wand would not put them straight, unless her Majesty's sceptre of justice look to it. I am with my family, and for my greater security, at Turin, and I am trying to have the ability to go to England. I should wish . that you would procure me permission to come, to my satisfaction. Meanwhile I beg you to be a means with the Council that the accounts I have with Vellubello may be carefully revised and settled, because in truth I hold myself to have suffered much in ray dealings with him, as the truth will one day show. I humbly commend my son to you, being much comforted in heart that he will in my absence partly represent an old servant of that realm; and thank you for your kindness in paying me the annuity her Majesty granted me long ago. Although I receive no personal benefit from it, it will be some consolation to have it for the aid of those creatares who are under the protection of Mr Gomer.—Turin, 1 September, 1582. Add.

Sept. ^ 2

Endd.

Ital.

1 p.

[Savoy I. fi.J

3 0 2 . HKBLB .to WALSDJO-HAM My two former letters of the 18th and 25th of this present [sic] that come with this packet, I was fain to keep by me thus long for default of such a messenger as I might trust, to commit them to, for no English post has departed hence these 14 days. I thought once to have suppressed them, but again considering that they carried a . report like a diary of such matters as have occurred- for a great while, I thought them worth your perusing, albeit they did not bear so fresh a date; but especially since they contain the true state of these actions which, it imports you to know, and that things are delivered directly, without passion or designing. We are much troubled now with these heavy news of Don Antonio's defeat, which will work bitter effects here, as you will perceive shortly, and is very material for her Majesty to consider of effectually. We were in good hopes that they were only devices forged out of 'Bernardyn' de Mendoza's shop, and others' addicted to the Spanish faction. But since that time, we have been confirmed • by letters of the 27th from Paris, and by others of fresh date from iiouen, as also by advertisements from London of the 26th, that the matter is too true. Monsieur and the prince have sought to cover it

295 A.D.

1582.

the best they could by giving out that Queen Mother had written that the victory was Don Antonio's, which relieved people much here." We think verily that this will be an occasion to discovering the French and fre . . . action, and to leave us ' post' alone, and thus a general alteration [will] follow of the weakness we shall find ourselves in, wanting . . . . countenance, unity, and courage. The French king also may make . . . aecord with the king of Spain underhand, laying the fault of these other proceedings] upon his mother and brother, whereto this absence of his may serve for a co [lour ?] and for a sub j eet fit to negotiate -privately by. Prom henceforth may Monsieur and the prince, as is likely, seek to hide from her Majesty the truth of things, and draw her still on, to make their own profit. For me, I see that at length, unless it he this town, with Holland and Zealand, there is small assurance to guard the rest substantially, and I intend myself, upon your answer had to this, to repair homeward, or else to travel up into Switzerland in case her Majesty have not occasion to use me here; for the charges are too great for me to bear alone, whereof, the zeal and travail considered that I yield, there is no consideration had at all. It may be she would have wished that either I had been more able to have borne the charges, * and whieh' I would supply with my heart-blood, if that would serve, or that I had been supplied otherwise; for I have the means to know it, which others here cannot arrive to, neither can Monsieur nor the Prince hide it from me, but I content myself humble with my estate, being loth to have her Majesty * borne in hand' otherwise than truly, either from here or from any other place. "What I know I know, which I utter in the abundance of duty and zeal borne to her service and security. On Tuesday last, Monsieur and the Court were looked for here, but the night before, about 9 o'clock, he was advertised that the enemy's aimy was on foot, and would before day ' be to' surprise our camp, whieh lay dispersed between Grhent and Oudenarde. Whereupon the colonels, captains, and officers were sent out of the towns to their several charges, and retired thenpeople and their baggage towards the gate of Ghent that leads toward Alost. By 5 o'clock on Wednesday morning the enemy was in sight. * He consisted, by report, of 4,000 horse and as many choice foot, the mutinied soldiers of our nation serving for a vanguard d'enfanx perdus, well furnished with muskets; and they were those with most courage and skul did most' avoid' our side. The conflict began by 6 o'clock ana continued till after 10, and then, with a small intermission, it was renewed with a few charges and maintained till after i;, the duke and the Prince being all this while on the walls to behold both armies and their actions, and by their presence to encourage their bides the more, having 10 cannons apon that quarter of the town which discharged continually towards the enemy. Mr ftorns mvfly behaved himself most valiantly and assuredly that day, eontamxrag between the head of our pikes and the enemy's shot dating the

®&

•

ffCBEIG-N

PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

.

whole e%arge; in whose service, valour and direction consisted the Conservation of the whole. The Frenchmen ran away most filthily, casting their ensigns from them, whereat Honsieur and the Prince, beholding thereof,, tore their hair for the dishonour that they seemed to receive thereby ; and if the Englishmen had not shown an invincible courage and constancy, the whole camp had been cut in pieces; for there was not a horseman but Eoger "Williams, who offered to charge with his cornet, but was forbidden, that stood to them that day* The reiters were desirous to have done somewhat, if the French lancers would have seconded them. Some of the principal^ eourtiers, in the afternoon, as la Bar (?), Saint-Luc, ( Breton,' and others, detesting the vileness of their own nation, and^ for their own assurance, put themselves among our pikes against the enemy. The retreat of our pikes and shot was one of the rarestw aand noblest services that ever was seen with so few men - I* s done with the face still towards the enemy, by the space of 4 English miles in such a warlike order that the very enemies commended them; their horsemen in good number being gored with our pikes, and so lustily repulsed, that they were made ' respective' how to pursue near them. Yet, poor wretehes, they had not a piece of bread all that day, nor the night following provided for the men ; but now they are in the land of ' Waest' to refresh themselves, having been mustered on Monday se'nnight, and the horsemen were paid a month's pay on the Saturday following, at the rate of toe valuation of money in Flanders, which is a sixth part lost, iiras the poor men are taxed on every side, and the footmen are unpaid yet; they will march over to , , . . in Brabant. Since the camp at.' Remmenye' [Rymenam], when you were in these parts, the like day's service, so honourably performed, was never seen till now, nor yet able to be performed by any other nation. Ihere were slain of our Englishmen between 60 and 80. The $ reneh ran into ditches for fear, and were drowned. Of the enemy it is said that above 600 were slain. They 'inanassed' [qy. menaced] our men, that they would return and pay them for all.l t is known that one of the House of 'Farnesia,' a great personage and near of kin to the Prince of Parma, was killed, and with him a colonel of foot and 5 captains of- horse, besides 12& brave horses winch were left dead on the field, which were Neapolitan and S^Tl A T k L p r i n c e o l P a r m a § a v e t h e Englishmen that served torn that day 200 Crowns as a reward, and does ' so make of' them that it allures our English on this side too fast from us. Captain .Sutton, ol Mr North's regiment, was slain, and a gentleman of taptarn Gainsford s, a proper young fello^ one of Sir John HiUegrew a sons. There were hurt f of Mme J Captain Cromwell and young CaptamMorys, who is a servant of the Skrl of Leicester, and as sure a inanfat his 'vallew' as any was that day in the field. Captain. Asjhfeld,' a aervant of the Earl of Warwick, did very valiantly, and slew two brave fellows with Ms own hafld. • Of the Prince Dauphin and the new French levies, there is now no more speech. * • In Guelderland, the Scots that Col. Stewart left in Batt[enburg] his wife s town and castle, have betrayed it to tke enemy-and . . .,

ELIZABETH.

297

1S82. •which the Said enemy, who has taken another place of importance in that [country] upon the Maas called .'Ernem,' not Great Arnhem, upon the Tssel. The Scottish lung grows stout; he shows it here already. Monsieur ie looked for tonight; of his train a good number have already, arrived. He does not commit himself to come along hy land, but has taken the way by ' Dermond' and thence comes down the river. They of the Imperial Diet have hot as yet concluded the first article or proposition, for the free towns will ' condescend' to no contribution before their griefs are remedied. The Spanish ambassador had audience there, and was placed in the seat of the Duke of Brabant, persuading so aptly and promising so largely that it was thought Ins cause would have prevailed. The ecclesiastical sort farthered it, and seconded him in whatever he proposed. But an honest wise doctor reversed all their 'platt' and credit, since which time those ecclesiastical persons, as discontented, have retired from the Diet and the Duke of Bavaria has followed them. The Queen's letters were very graciously used, and read by the Emperor; but the effect did not answer the words, for the Vice-chancellor of the , Emperor could not be 'made understand' under what power the Baron of Anholt was ' seated'' and therefore could direct no command to the 'prince of the soil* for order to be" taken on that behalf. And to say plainly, the . . . messenger, Mr Gilpin, a very honest, well-qualified man, is dallied with, and less regarded than his place requires. The Diet has decreed to send ambassadors to Monsieur and to the Prince of Parma, that they should abstain from annoying the confines of the Empire, and have appointed that the ' Critsses ' \Kreisen~} or Circles of the Empire should levy men and defend themselves, at the charges of the nobility and commons within them. The deputy of the merchants went last night to Flushing to take order for things there for a general departure from hence, m case they do not deal better with their privileges here than they do. Herewith is a copy of her Majesty's letter to the Prince of Orange to admonish him and the States of their duty towards Monsieur and the general cause; which is interpreted by our dull States to be craved by Monsieur on his behaif to quicken theaos up by some extraordinary favour and merit. On the other side this letter is shown as a testimony to the world that the Queen is a party against the King of Spain, and proceeds by many degrees, secretly and openly,, to oppose herself to Ms rights and to the action he would maintain them by.—Antwerp, 1 Sept-1582. P.S.— 2 September. Monsieur and the Prince did not come yesterday, as they were looked for, but today. Oar camp passes over tlie water tomorrow above, on the river by &e toll-iotiBe, to Boumen [qy. Bommel] and to St Bernard's, We cannot make m all the world.' of able men above 4,000 foot and lJOO horse, for of • oar English: soldiers* there there are more than SOO.siete and hurt. The rest are marvellous poor and dieeottteatea, »«« m^m daily, affirming openly that they will serve &e enemy, ratty ara so

298

FOBEIGN PAPEBS.

A.D. 1582.

ill-intrented here. About 70 left this town last night, who intend to furnish a great number in England, and repair with them to the enemy. There are gentlemen and old soldiers among these 70, whose names I will send, if you please, and the places where they will gather their company in England. The new soldiers in this last conflict did their part notably against the enemy. In that day's service, Col. Morgan as lieutenant-general to Mr Norris, showed himself very diligent and careful, and is worthy the commendation that he led our men with great valour and sufficiency. Captam Huddy, a servant of the Earl of Leieester, with Capt. Havers of Berwick, did noticeable service that day. They charged the enemy with their footmen so roughly that they had the killing of a good number. The shot of the muskets as they flew over our men ' bett' into the town so that theykilled and hurt some within the town and upon the walls, constraining Monsieur and the Prince to take a house on the wall, and to look out at ' lowpes.' An Englishman, Monsieur's trumpeter, was hurt with two bullets in the mouth hard by Monsieur, so was du Tray's commit La Scala, shot on the inside Of the 'thy.' The Freneh courtiers in the morning thought it to be some May game, and 'red' out unarmed to behold the matter, but were^ soon driven back with shame. Among them Mauvissiere's prmiwr maitre d' hotel was so far forward that he was hurt upon the fat neck with a' curtelase'; for some of the enemy's horse were pressed our 'battle' of pikes [sic] who having the vanguard that day were fain to supply both vanguard and rearguard, for any French that ' abyd' it. Nor were any of the four marshals of the camp that whole day to do their office among us, only la Pierre the second marshal, _ at the approach of the enemy in the morning, desired Mr Norris to take the command of things upon him, departing himself where his affairs and ' surety ' led him. Out poor men that were hurt in the battle were brought into Ghent and placed in houses, with promises to pay for their lodging, but soon after, notwithstanding their former service, they were most inhumanly drawn out by the heels by the Gauntois and east on the dunghill. Monsieur gave every hurt man of his own nation 15 guilders, to maintain him in the hospital or elsewhere, but to ours not a penny. By this means our people are discouraged, and the new companies, albeit they have served here these three months, will not have a month's pay with the rest, and yet they had no allowance of transport-money at their coming over, nor quarter assigned them where they should be entertained till they ware mustered. This will cause Capt. Havers and others to withdraw tor altogether'; and if the enemy will, he may be furnished with a great number of those that are here. The Prince' of Parma does not 'let to say' that he will have a regiment of 1,000 Jbmghsh ere long. He admires the patience and valour he has found m our nation. It seems that the Prince of Orange and the rest are weary of us, or else they are of weak judgement and less thankfulness.. You will find this true, for I speak plainly. The wine also rules now much among us. They of Ghent will receiveno garrison there, hut the 9 eimgus there were before. The eaemy, it is thought, will return to the land of * 'Waest/ and then

•ELIZABETH.

299

A.D.1582.

may constrain them of Ghent to some alteration. The Prince of Parma has sent 1,000 foot anew to Lierre and 4 cornets more of horse, Mr Norris gave the soldiers after the skirmish all the money in his purse, which was 17 pistoletts. Copy in Herle's hand and endd. by him. 5 pp. (Holl. and BX XVII. 1.] Sept. 2

3 0 3 . AUDLEY DANETT to WALSINGHAM Being at Flushing I wrote to you by M. ' de Bee,' a gentleman of M. Marchemont's train; since -which time, being at Middelburg, I found ' of' Browne's books to be sold openly. There have been printed of them above 1,000, and many sent into England. Alter I had stayed a day there about Mr Nome's business, I understood from the Treasurer, one of the Council of the States there, that the Prince of Orange had written for the suppression of the books; which are already sent to England, the Treasurer says, for he says in Middelburg none are to be found. Browne was also sought, but not found; and yet I think not out of the town. There is an assembly there of some 30 or 40 persons, who are in very poor state and for the most part visited with sickness, not well agreeing with the air in those parts. They gave out of themselves that they are in all respects dutifully'affected to the Queen, that their hook has been seen and allowed by the ministers of Middelburg, and 'namely' by Mr Cartwright, abiding at Antwerp; with whom I have talked, and find, ' in' so far from approving it, that he utterly mislikes the epistle touching the reformation without 'attending' the magistrate, and some other points of the doctrine therein contained, in which he says Mr Browne has absurdly erred. It would appear that the ministers and people in Middelburg are not ill-affected to Brown and his followers, being persuaded that their voluntary esile is for matter of religion and for their conscience; and many of the town, understanding English, often repair to their prayers and assemblies, whieh are kept at the house which Browne has hired in the town. Since my return from Zealand, I hear of a conflict between the enemy and our forces, who were driven home to the walk of Ghent by the enemy, being greater in number. The particulars I eannot write, having not yet talked with any man that can inform me the truth. I know it will be advertised at large by others. Here is great longing for certain news of Don Antonio's good success against the Spaniard; which is diversely reported hate. In Zealand, Don Antonio with his whole forces is said to be overthrown. His Highness and the Prince came last Friday to Derraond from Ghent, and are today looked for in this town. • In the late skirmish by Ghent the French, not willing to abide the enemy, made haste to the town walls. • Oar Englishforces,who that day should havo marched in the vanguatd, were'faint to i»ke the rearguard, where Mr Nome "did so well with some J.aghsh

A.D. 1582.

- pikes that the French gave him great honour for that day's service; and ih the judgement of them all, he and hia companies saved the whole army. At his return from the service, which endured from morning till night, Monsieur received him with many thanks and ' often embracing^ '; yet notwithstanding all this, our English companies have received no pay since their musters, the others being already fully satisfied. It is not to he thought that this is his Highness's fault, but rather the extreme want which they ' pretend' here, having lately employed such provisions as they have in paying certain garrisons in Meenen and other places, which ' were feared might' turn to the enemy like those at Lierre. Mr Norris has undertaken to his Highness to pacify his companies for 8 or 10 days, and then Monsieur assures payment- Meantime the General mast employ his own credit to furnish the poorer sort with sonie part of their pay ; they are in great extremity. There we're slain in this late conflict, a son of Sir John Killegrew's, one Capt. Sutton of Col. North's regiment, and not above 60 others of the English companies; and about 100 in all of our whole forces. Of the enemy there were slain as it is aaid to the number of 500 at the least, who were carried in wagons to Oudenarde, to be buried there. Other particulars I forbear to advertise, because his Highness has, as I hear, written at large of them by Mr Stafford.— Antwerp, 2 Sep. 1582. Add. Endd. 2% pp. Sepi 2

iHoU.amlFLXVlLB.']

3 0 4 , STOKES to WALSINGHAM „ % last was Aug. 30, in which I wrote to you of the great skirmish that the enemy made, with Monsieur'#camp before Ghent, in which general Norris and the; Englishmen did so valiantly that if they had not been,' Monsieur's camp had been all overthrown; for Monsieur was upon the walls of Ghent, and saw the dealings of it from the beginning to the end.

•

Two days ago a cornet of French horse of 100 lances, poorly mounted, arrived at Sluys, having been shipped at Calais ; and were |ent to the camp. It is said also that a regiment of 10 ensigns of itrench foot is at Calais, to be transported into these parts, well l appointed. . It is greatly doubted that Monsieur' has ri'o such great foree eommg from France as it is given out; because they come in such disorder by small troops. So here there is a great misliking of these dealings. ° By tetters from Lille they write that the Prince of Parma has presented to M. de Montigny to be general of all the new-come bpaniards. But he has refused it; and yet the prince still forces it on him. _ The Prince of Parma also begins to place the new-come % m * ™ s m J ^ o n g towas; for already he bate put some in the town tod castfe of Toamay, atod in ' Bousbruehe,' mi seeks to g m e • .more of then* ixx tHe other towns, to the great etisconteet of the principal xnUgg amd ,&e eommonff among the Maieontents.

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1 5 8 2 .

>

801 •;••''•„

Monsieur is departed from Ghent to Bermonde and from thence he goes to Antwerp. His camp is gone to Dermonde with him and from thence it is said they will pass over into Brabant. The enemy's camp lies yet beside Oudenarde, whence it is said they will go into Brabant. Some say they are preparing to besiege Brussels. It is said Monsieur's trumpeter, an Englishman, was slain on the walls of Ghent by the enemy with a musket-shot, standing hard by Monsieur; so it seems by this that they came very near the walls. Last week Captain Salcedo was sent into France with M. de Bellievre, with fetters of iron on his arms arid legs. When he saw he was to go to France, he raged like a madman, for it seems he was very unwilling to go there. The others that are in prison here will be sent to Antwerp.

Sept. 8

Sept. 3

I have received yours of the 25 th Aug. and thank you for it.'— Bruges, 2 September 1582. p.s.—Kept until the 3rd Sept. Yesterday morning at 3 o'clock the enemy, with half his force, came over the river on this side Cortrick, and now this morning at ID o'eltfek the magistrates of this town have received certain advice that last night at 1 o'clock they returned over the river hack again ; for they were aent for by the Prince-of Parma in. great haste. So they range up and down, having some enterprise in hand, whatsoever it is. Their coming hitherwards was to spoil the country1 about this town, now that the ways are free, for in the winter they cannot do it, Also the governor of Cortrick, by order from the Prince of Parma, has commanded all the villages ' under ! Cortrick to bake bread day and night; so that the enemy has something in hand, and will lose no time. Add, Endd. Sfjop. [HoH. and FL XVII. 4.] 3 0 5 . ADBIAN SARAVIA to WALSINOHAM Grace and peace through our Lord Jesus Christ,—Although I . desire nothing more than to be able on. every good opportunity to do something agreeable to you, and though I know nothing whereon I can better employ myself than writing sometimes on affairs here, I cannot acquit myself as I would, because no posts leave_ this place for England, insomuch that report and the posts anticipate my letters. Thus at present I do not suppose I am writing anything that you do not know; but what I write- is only to accompany the papers which I send you on the reception of his Highness in this town of Ghent. I have seen ere now how and with what magnificence King Philip was received, and what was done now was a very small matter compared with what took place then. The time was very different; the misery and calamity in which the country is, did not permit of more. But his Highness gase qmte another contentment to the lords and people of this town than the King of Spain gave then, who maintained so very grave a majesty that lie gave no sign of being pleased by the honours that were done him.

802

.

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D. 1582.

His Highness showed himself in. all things as courteous and familiar (populate) as anyone possibly could; which was wondrbusly agreeable to the people. You will know more from what I send you. I doubt not but you have heard what happened at Bruges; of the conspiracy against his Highness, and principally against his Excellency, how young Lanioral let himself be led astray. There were great hopes of him, but they feared his instability and his youth ; and for this reason the Four Members judged that he should make a journey to England, Scotland, Denmark, or elsewhere for the space of a year or 16 months,fchereto pass some of his youth. It seems as if God would entirely ruin the House of Egmont. "We had on the 29 th a hot skirmish under the walls of this town. The enemy thought he had utterly overthrown our camp, and in . fact if he had made haste and been an hour or two sooner, he would , have done it, and all' our people would have remained there. But God so guided affairs that the enemy will have nothing to be proud of; he has left a great many of his people there, both horse and foot. The English behaved very valiantly, and there is no one . who does not give them great praise. His Highness and his Excellency were on the ramparts and saw the whole fight. Our loss was very small, ' at the price of' the enemy's. God of His grace put an end to these miseries and calamities.—Ghent. 8 September. Add. Sept* 4

/

306.

Endd, Fr.

2 pp.

JOHN COPHAM

[Roll, and FL XVII. 5.]

to WALSINGHAM

Since the camp came from Dunkirk it is marvellously diminished; for when the enemy came before Ghent and skirmished with our men there were not on this side above 5,000 fighting men among them. The sickness and poverty of them is so great that they daily decrease. I see the most part weary of this service, because their supphes come so slowly, and payment much less. This day word came hither that the ' P . Dolphins,' M. Laval, 'Varvaeus/ Montgomery, and divers other great personages are coming into inlanders, with 8,000 foot, 4,000 Swiss, and 5,000 horse; but the common sort do not believe it. Our camp is come to 'BombyUe' Iqy. Bommel] a league from St Bernard's. The 3?reneh regiment which was sent from Dunkirk into Priesland ia almost all overthrown by the enemy. The Count of Hollock is come hither to me for new supplies; 7 cornets of horse and 6 ensigns of foot will go thither. In thatconflict one Laverye, a captain of the horse in Friesland.. was slain, and two of the Prince of Orange's nephews, who are the sons of the 'Earl of Adenburge,' were forced to fly into the town of .liockham, where now they are besieged by 'Yerdigo' and his army .—Antwerp, 4 September 1582, i ^.-—Mr Horris deals very hardly with me ; I pray you let me be directed by you what order I shall take with him for my own. Add. • $ndd. 1V. iHoll. my} M, XVII. 6.]

ELIZABETH. 4.D.

803

1582.

Sept. 4

307.

COBHAM

to WALSINGHAM

No. certain time of the king's return is as yet understood, so that in the meantime the Queen Mother continues to bear the sway iu all the affairs. She has sent Bellievre and Brularfc to his Majesty to relate the negotiation they passed with the Duke of Brabant, and of Salcedo's proceedings. He, since his coming hither, as they cause it to be given out, has denied the accusations with which he 'apeached' sundry principal personages. .The day after Salcedo's coming to ' Bois de Vincent,' the Queen Mother came thither and had large conference with him. Next day Cardinal Birague with others of the Council examined him. There he remains guarded, and now kept with Queen Mother's guards, not chained as he was brought, I hear he is cheerful, and sayB that Secretary ' La Schartiere,'des Pruneaux, and 'laVerney' persuaded him, for the safeguard of his life, to deliver those accusations, whereon they have conceived in this Court sundry opinions. The Bishop of Coutanees has this last day written letters to M. Brissac that there were two ships come into the haven of Granville in Normandy, by ' whom ' advertisements were brought that as they came from the ' Newfound Land' a-fishing, they cast anchor at the Isle of St Michael; and the merchants and mariners of these ships affirm that they found the French navy peaceable possessors of the isle, and saw many Spanish ships which they had taken. They understood they had defeated the Spanish navy through new supply which came to them, from the Tereeras after M. Strozzi had been taken. Thus daily there is fashioned sundry news such as this, but there appears as yet no certainty either from Spain or from Don Antonio, or directly from the French navy. There is brought to me by Daulton, who was my lord of Leicester's footman, Bryan ' Mageoghagan,' an Irish gentleman, showing himself desirous to ' be returned ' to her Majesty's grace. He has delivered me the enclosed writing,, whieh is not made by himself, because he ' pretends' he cannot write. He is here in company with the Baron Delvyn's (?) brother. I beseech you to let me understand in what sort her Majesty may please that I should deal with him. Since there is no matter of importance, I have not sent any express messenger, but delivered this to this bearer.—Paris, 4 Sept. 1582. Add. Endd. lj£p. [France YIII. 33.]

Sept. 8

-

Enclosed in the ahave;— 3 0 8 . BRYAN G-EOGHAGAN to COBHAM Whereas I, Bryan Mageoghagan, her Majesty's st&jeet, of the county of Westmeath in Ireland, have contrary to my allegiance joined with others of the realm of Ireland, bearing arms agamst her Majesty, not so much led by any malicious or ansoumd meaning as driven by fear, having aforetime incurred the danger ot her Majesty's laws (for which prostrate on my kneea before her I

S04

POEEIGN PAPERS.

A.D. 1 5 8 2 .

"•••,.-

acknowledge my great error), I humbly beseech you to be 'mean ' to her Majesty that I be received again into her grace and my ' pristinate' entire estate ; obtaining pardon for all my offences from the beginning to this present time, wherein as duty binds me I shall all my life be ready to perform the part of .a loyal subject, as with this my supplication signed with my own hand I promise.— Paris, 8 Sept. 1582. (Signed) Bar. G-eochagan. Add, Endd,: The petition of Bryan M. son to the Baron of M. as he says. lp. [Ibid. VIII. 34.] Sept. 4

3 0 9 . COBHAM to "WALSMGHAM There arrived yesterday M. ' le Bus' (qy. d'u Bax, or Buy) sent in post from the Duke of Brabatit. It was his chance to find the Queen Mother in her couch at Boissy's house, nest to this my lodging, where she' presently' opened her packets, and at her coming to Saint-Maur called for M. de Chavemy, and commanded Marshal de Biron to be • seat for. He presently entered into her chamber, to whom she first showed Tier son's letters, which after he had a 'likkell' read, he turned to the Queen and said-aloud: M-adame, ilfaut seemvrir, mt il est perdu, ear il ufait une grande fatdte; fwhereon he followed the Queen into her cabinet. Notwithstanding, le Bux' gives out that the Duke of Brabant's forces had. overthrown 800 Spaniards in a. skirmish beside Ghent. The French forces are marching towards the frontier, but the Prince Dauphin and M. de Laval are in this town. There is small hope of M. de Stroazi's life. I have been given to understand that my packets taken from my servant were not surprised by theBurgundians,{subjects to the king of Spain, but rather otherwise. I hope, if they happened into' the hands of any belonging to the Duke of Brabant, they will the easilier come to her Majesty's hands.—Paris, 4 Sep. 1582. P.S.—1 am advertised the Duke of Bouillon goes to Strasburg (?) and so passes his time for two months in Germany, and that his brother goes to serve the Duke of Brabant with 800 horse and 200 foot.- The Prince of Gondeis returned to Saint-Jean-d'-Acgely to stay there awhile, but after to repair to the King of Navarre in Beam, -whither M. de ' Belgard,' the Duke of' Savoy's ambassador, is gone a-wooing the Princess of Navarre. Add.

Sept. 4

Endd.

1 JJ.

[France FZZT.] '

310. J. LOBETUS to WAI.SINGHAM My last to you was of July 28, in reply to yours of the 19th of the same month; since when I have had nothing from you, I write BOW, thinking that you will not take it amiss? to let you knew that our Imperial Diet will, as it is hoped, soon be finished. All the Protestant princes went home some time ago, leaving their :ambassadors at Augsburg, so that what princes and lords reinain ithere are all Catholics and no others. There have lately arrived ithe Archdukes Matthias and Maximilian, and they were expecting •• Ferdinand. The Archbishop of Mm& bae t a d himself anointed at

ELIZABETH. A.D.

1582.

•

805 „

-Augsburg and 'inaugurated' by the Pope's legate, the Cardinal of Madruz, and soon afterwards done homage to the Emperor and obtained investiture of his fief of elector. The principal points brought at the Diet are cleared off, for they have granted the Emperor a good sum of money for the defence of his frontiers towards the Turk. It will amount, they say, to more than 5,000,000 ' florins, payable in the next five years, the first payment falling due next Lent on the Sunday called Dominica Lmtare. As regards the wars in Flanders, they have decided that the Emperor will not mix in them on one side or the other, but will keep his eye on taking order that the subjects of the Empire who are in the neighbourhood of these parts shall not be oppressed \_fouUs] nor suffer damage; which was to be written alike to the Prince of Parma and to the States. Further, for greater security, soldiers were to be placed on the frontiers. This has I think been done at the instance of those of Liege, who hstd made great complaints against M. d'Alencon. Someone also-told me that they had sent to meet the ambassadors who were said to be coming from M. d'Alencon, to tell them that if they came on behalf o! a Duke of Alencon and Atrjou, and a brother of the King of France, they would be very welcome; but if they came in the quality of ambassadors from a Duke of Brabant, Count of Flanders, they would not be received nor heard. As regards another point, that of recovering the towns and bishoprics which were kept away from the Empire, it was said that this should be put off to another time, and that meanwhile the means should be considered. Nothing has yet been decided about Aix. Those of Cologne have made a very rigorous edict against their burghers who are of the Eeligion. They have done it thinking they cannot otherwise hinder the assemblies and preachings. This edict —I do not know if it will be observed—0s] that all those who have resided in their town or have become citizens in the last 16 years, and profess any other religion than the Catholic, must go out and reside elsewhere. Thia may well be the cause of some disorder. For the rest, the war in Savoy has come to an end, thank God. The assembly of the Swiss held lately at Solothurn, the ambassadors of France, Savoy, ^erne and Geneva being present, has decreed that the troops should be disbanded on both sides, find arms be laid down, and as for expenses and other points of different on the two sides, they should be considered at the first assembly tofeeheld at Baden in Switzerland. Arms were to be laid down on the 21st alt. The Bernese had sent their deputies to the Bake of Savoy's «amp> and the duke had sent his to the Bernese, to see the above carried out. Those of Geneva were said to have eent certain persona to meet some French companies that were coming to ihm aid, to Stank' them and send them back. The Duke of Wih-femberg is marrying his mtet to a Duke at Deux Fonts, the third brother, caJled Otto Henry, and the marriage is to be celebrated at Statfcgard xmxt Martinmas. 16077

F

306

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

The Emperor has made a long reply to the unwillingness of the States of the Empire to interfere in the war in the Low Countries; and especially the count of Aremberg, being envoy on behalf of the Prince of Parma, has made great representations in the matter, inciting the States to take up arms foz- the King of Spain. But we hear that for all that the States of the Empire do not change their opinion. Many are indignant at the treasons, conspiracies and assassinations in which people are at present involved and of which we hear talk; judging such methods to be of no service to honest war, nor to spring from generous minds. The present,bearer, M. Zolcher, has complained several times to me, that besides his great expenses in posting recently from England to this country, wherein he used an incredible diligence, he was also eheated in the purchase of a horse which he made lately at Strasburg; and ' mat sivr tnal rt'est ]>as santeJ His malady wants healing; if you lilced, you could well play the doctor to him. The medicine would be to get him a little pension from your Queen, to let him say that he was in her pay and h.er very humble servant. You can judge if he deserves something of the kind, if you consider the long time that he has been about his business in (hante et praticque) England; so long that he is more like an Englishman than a German in fashion and looks. Even if he had not earned it by the past, he is quite a man to deserve it in the future. Besides he is a good sort {ban diable) and, as I think, makes you laugh sometimes, which ought also to be taken into consideration.—Strasburg, 4 September 1582. Add. Sept, -5

Fr.

l£#p.

[Germany 2L 87.2

311. JOHH COBHAM to WiLSINGHAM Mr Norris is appointed to go with 8 cornets of horse and 15 ensigns of foot, most of them French, to relieve ' Loekhatn.' The rest of the ensigns that are left are come to lie a t ' Berganhooth' (Borgerhont) and the villages about Antwerp. It is reported the enemy has retired towards Oambray, to meet the French companies that are coming hither.—Antwerp, 5 September 1582. Add. Endd. 8 U. {HoU. and Fl. XVII. 7-}

Sept. 6

3 1 2 . DUKE CASQUE to WALSIWHAM Zoleher being on his return to England I wished to give him this to assure you more and more of my good and entire affection to you. I have charged my ambassadors at Augsburg to solicit the release of Mr Rogers, for whose misfortune I feel much compassion. loo not know what has been' done about it, having had no news. H i could do anything further for him and all other Englishmen, believe that I would very willingly set to work. Please send 55olpher hack as soon as possible, that he may be ia time to take charge of the wine wbieh I mean to send to Engla»«

• AJJ.

ELIZABETH.

807

1582. • after this vintage, if God grants us to get it in. You too shall have your share of it.—Frankenthal, 6 September 1582. Add.

[Sept. 6]

Endd. Fr.

[Germany II. 38.]

3 1 3 . DUKE CASIMIB to WALSINGHAM Poor Zolcher has told me that you showed yourself favourable in his ease on account of my recommendation. Please continue your favour in such wise that he may bring back the results of it, that he may continue the service which he has vowed to her Majesty. You know the troubles he has borne, the risks he has run, and the difficulty of meeting with men at once daring {hasardeux) and faithful. So consider him recommended, and further his affair all you can for my sake.—Datum ut in literis. Endd. Fr.

Sept. 7

1 p.

314.

\
The DTJKE OF WXTBTEMBBBG to the QUBBN

_ William Eatcliff, a native of your kingdom, has been for some time residing in my University of Tubingen, and so far as I can understand from my prof easora, has lived for all that time honestly, soberly and quietly, so that no complaint of him has reached the Rector pr the Senate. He has now decided to return home to set his affairs in order, and knowing that a strict watch is maintained at the entrance to the realm, and being afraid lest as he has not yet been able to lay aside all Popish opinions in regard to religion some harm might befal him on that account, he has asked me to give him letters of commendation to you. Now although, reasons were not wanting why I should refuse his request, since I would not willingly commend to you or any other a man totally unknown to me, yet as he pressed me and solemnly declared that he had nothing bad on his conscience, but was afraid solely on the ground that he had hitherto professed another religion, and as last summer he diligently attended the lectures of the Divinity Professors in Tubingen University, I thought it would be foreign not to true piety only, but to humanity if I refused him this intercession. I feel sure that whatever this service amounts to, you will take it as it proceeds from me. For although he has hitherto followed the Popiah religion and says that he has never known or learnt any other than that, whose outward splendour still holds captive the minds even of many noblemen, we must never despair of anyone's salvation; since it is the work of (rod only to turn the hearts of men to the true and salutary knowledge of His Son, our Loi'dWherefore I beg you of your kindness to let him understand for his security that my letter has availed him.—Stuttgart, 7 September 1582. Add. Endd. Ijai. 2 pp. oept. v

[Germany II. 40.]

o l o . ETIEINNB JMBIMXHB, to WAIJSINQHAK I wrote to you from Eeez on the last day of last month, to let you know that I WAS on my way towards the ted of Mholi, and begging

508

FOBEIGN PAPERS.

A.B.1582.

you to tell me by what means .Mr Eogers's expenses -would be paid. I sent my letter to Mr Herle at Antwerp, and I make sure' he has forwarded it to yoii. , I arrived at the King of Spain's camp before Lochem in Guelder a on the 4th inst. not without great diffieulty and danger, and found the lord of Anholt there. On receiving the Prince of Parma's letters, he made some doubt whether he eould absolutely perform what the prince commanded him; the reason being that Sehenk's wife had been a suitor to the prince to have a letter written to the lord of Anholt that Mr Rogers might not he released until her husband was out of prison and in his former freedom, and so the prince wrote about 10 weeks ago. Now the lord of Anholt to oblige the lady, on receiving this letter, though the two last were sufficient excuse to give her, has so far notbeen willing to grant me [Eogers's] liberty unless I first get him another from the prince, ordering that, notwithstanding this letter in favour of Schenck, Mr Eogers's shall be released. If I get him this, and the expenses paid, he has promised, and given me his hand on it, to hand him to me at a place of the Duke of Gleves's. Being unable to get any other answer out of him, I have betaken myself again to this town, to give you the above information. Tomorrow I shall take my way for Cologne, to write thence by the ordinary post to the Prince of Parma of the difficulty I have mentioned, as he bade me do; and shall address my letter to his secretary, who has promised' to send me an answer at once. I make sure it will be sent as I desire, so that when it comes, the only thing to stay for will be the money for his expenses, I beg yon to think about this and advertise me of it, in order that I may not go beyond what you may please to order. The hourly danger in which I am in those countries, which thank God I have so far escaped, and the great expenditure I am compelled to make, force me to trouble you so often with my letter ; together with the misery in which Mr Rogers is, who ior 10 days has been dangerously ill, but is now better. . Erom Cologne I shall go to the Duke of Gleves, who is hunting thereabouts, in order to give him her Majesty's letter. Then I shall return to Cologne to await the Prinee of Parma's answer, and if you write to me, Mv Herle can forward me your letter by the ordinary post from Antwerp to Cologne. On the BOth ult. the town of Lochem having been revicfcuaileii the day before, and three forts taken by Count William who commands the army in these countries, and Verdugo having retired with most part, of Ma force behind a hill hard by, leaving -some harquebusiers, pikemen and cavalry in view, these were attacked by Ghastelet accompanied by 200 or 300 horsemen; who thought to rout them, but were repulsed and so pursued that they all fled towards the town. Before they reached it they had several slam, and nearly all the.300 and those who came to their succour forced to run away, seeing with what fury the enemy pursued them; m such wise that instead of getting the victory as they did i&e day before, that day they lost all they had gained, ao»d their own baggage both that of Couni William of Nassau and that oi

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582.

Count Hohenlohe, and the three sons of the Count of JBerghe, governor of the country, and everyone's else who was there! Their spurs were of- great service to the above-named noblemen, who escaped to JDeventer, except the Count of Berghe's sons who are in the town, of whom it is thought one fell in the action. All M. de la Q-arde's French regiment is in the town, in which M. Fremin is eaptain of a company, and some companies of Scoiss and about 200 cavalry. It is said there are full 1,500 soldiers in the town, so that it is in a worse state than before, the victuals brought in not being sufficient for so many people for long. They have already come to giving each soldier 21bs. of bread and some water daily. The horses have little or no forage; and if they are not quickly succoured I greatly fear that the enemy will have the place, having, as11 have seen, so fortified himself all about, and even up to the ditches, that no one can get out without being seen. Gount William with the rest of his army has withdrawn to Deventer and the neighbourhood, to await the Count of Hollockj who is to bring fresh succour. If they could have maintained themselves about the town, after victualling it, they would have the best means in the world of defeating their enemy, who was already retiring, quite worn out (matte) with euch a long assault. The enemy has probably taken three field-pieces and some arms and horses. Chastelet was slain; and when he was found, Yerdugo wanted them to cut off his head. Some say he did it himself, or Taxis. Durant, a French captain, was also tilled; his lieutenant and ensign and a great many wounded, and others who in their haste were going into the town fell into the river. On the enemy's side, so far as I can leam, no one of name died except a baron, captain of a company of light horse, and by what they say, few men. I have heard that Yerdugo was at Oldenzeel sick, some say wounded. Taxis is well. Count Charles of Mansfeldt wanted to go in search of these with aome forces, but he cannot cross the rivers Maas and Bhine for the armed boats which Nymegen and Arnhem have sent to the crossing places. If God do not put a hand to it, the Duke of Alencon's affairs will succeed badly in thie country of Guelders, so far as I can perceive in my simple judgement; both for want of good commanders and good government, and for want of money, and each of the towns wanting to rule by itself. Having found myself in the place where the above happened, I thought it part of my duty to advertise you as truly as I could learn. I hope you will receive my humble service with your accustomed favour.—Cleves, 7 September 1582. Add. Endd. Fr. 3 pp. {^ermaiy II. 41.] Sept. 8

316. W. ASHEBY to I wrote on Tuesday, Sep. 4, from Oolea. Next day I weafc to Hambaeh, to the Duke of Cieves's Court, where I hoped to have found Mr Stephen 'LisifcuV soliciting the delivery of Mr SogerB. But not Ending him there, I notwithstanding delivered to the Duke the Emperor's letter, requesting ia hfe Majesty's raaae that he ' would vouchsafe his good fawar" and help for the-delivery of &e

310

tfOBEIGtf

PAPERS.

A.D. 1582.

gentleman taken from Sehenck. He answered there should want no service he could perform thereinf for her Majesty's sake ; and also because he finds himself ' touched,' the party being taken within his dominion. He deliberated with his Council after he had read the letter, staying me there all Thursday and Friday. On Saturday he sent me his letter by one of his councillors, to carry with me to Cleves to bis Chancellor there, recommending him with the Council of that province to take order in this matter according to the contents of the Emperor's letter. Mr Gilpin sent you the copy of it at my departure from Augsburg. To Cleves I am now making what speed I can, to see what order herein I shall receive at their hands. I have small hope that any good will be done in this cause before a letter from the Prince of Parma come to the Baron of Anholt; for he, being no subject of the Duke of Cleves, will give the same answer that he did to Mr Lesieur upon Schenek's letter. But these places being in my way, I will' prove' what will be done, and with G-od's help make saeh haste as this dangerous passage will give me leave ; for what betwixt the States and the Malcontents these parts were never more dangerous to pass.—Cologne, 8 September '82. Add. Endd. 1 p.

Sept. 8

[Germany II. 42.]

317. DIEGO BQTILHO to WALSINGHAM You will know through the doctor \_qy. Nunez] what has happened to the fleet which the lung my master brought from Prance, because I wrote it to him in order not to weary you with my letter; and then the Queen has seen how the King of France and. his mother haveaided my master. He has done also what her Majesty advised him in coming to place himself in this island; she ought not to fail him now after what he has done; since he can be aided in so many ways to unite Ms forces, or rather to increase them without such delay as to allow the King of Castile to be master of Portugal in peace and quietness; sinee if he were that, he would not be content unless he were master of the world. You understand all better than I can say it; and have so much love and loyalty to the Queen that you will advise her how it is to her service and the preservation of her realm. The king my master will not be slow (?) to arrest treason on his side (?); and he is very confident that you will be glad to be of use to him in all things that you are able, by what I have told him concerning the way you proceed in all his affairs. And because I would not trouble you with more words, I hope that you will hold me as very much your servant, and command me m the matter about whieh I wrote.—Prom this island* 8 September AM.

Etuld. Port. 2 pp.

\PorUgaL I.

ELIZABETH. 1582. Sept. 8

311

A.D.

3 1 8 . Declaration by the French king that in the event of the marriage of the Queen of England with the Duke of Anjon she is not to be put to any expense ia connection with the wax's in Flanders; but that if her realms are invaded in consequence, the long will join his forces with her to resist such invasion, be the assailants who they may; the Queen being reciprocally bound in like manner.— Given at Bourbon -Laney, 8 September 1582. (Signed) Henry (crnd below) Pin art. Copy. Endd. by Bwgliky: The Fr. king's writing for discharge of the Queen's Majesty from invasion in regard of the marriage. Fr. 2 pp. iFrcmce VII. 86.]

Sept. 9

3 1 9 . AUDLEY DANETT to WALSITOHAM Since my last, of the 2nd inst. sent by the English post, Mr Norris wrote to you on the 5th, and therein gave you to understand of the late overthrow received in Guelderland, and oi the present aid sent from hence to their relief. The B comets of the reiters were so hardly persuaded to break company from their fellows, that Mr Norris was constrained to wait their coming 3 leagues from Antwerp until the 7th, so that having lost two days they feared lest the forces sent from hence by the enemy, which are said to be Italians of the Holy League, to the number of 4,000 foot and horse, would arrive at Lochem before them, notwithstanding that the enemy is constrained to take a much longer way by Maestrieht; whereupon all the French ensigns and other foot are staid behind, and ' are said' shall go after by water, and the horse are marched away in great diligences in hope to raise the siege before the enemy's * supplies ' «an arrive there. • Now that the camp is as it were broken up and the French forces for the most part put in garrison at Brussels, Yilvorde, and other places, M. ' Jenisac,' a Provencal, is arrived here and brings news of a great army ready on "the frontiers of France tp come into these parts, so that they might be assured of their pay. The number is reported to be 8,000 foot and 2,000 horse, which is hardly believed here. Nevertheless something there is, for I understand that His Highness has this day dispatched Chartier, one of bin secretaries, towards those companies, to be advertised by him with all speed the true particulars of all things there. Our English forces, with some few others of the French and Scots remain at ' Burgherhawlt,' an English mile from Antwerp, whereat is said the burghers of this town desire they may remain, and mil be careful to see them paid monthly. The old regiments, with much ado, have received one month's pay this week, almost three weeks after their muster, and have no great hope to receive any more in haete. The new compares have not yet any pay accorded to them, more than one moati* tow to them at their first coming, wherewith they are greatly discontented; and being in great misery, partly with sickness, wheremth the new mm are most afflieted,bxrt chiefly for want of money or actual to eastern their hungry bodies,, they -die daily. The n e t already weaty, aad

FOEEIGN TAPEES.

'

A.D.1582.

•without good hope of better usage, seek passports to return honj.e. Our English merchants in this town have very charitably and largely relieved the poorer sort since their coming into Brabant, and by the good care they have had of them have saved many of their lives'. It .grieves our nation to see the French placed still in garrisons, and that in great numbers, and themselves to be no whit refreshed, but to remain in the open fields—for at Borgerhout they have but one house to every ensign—considering the whole brunt of this summer's service has been sustained chiefly by them. If better consideration be not had here very shortly, I think when the weather grows more sharp, our English forces will be very small. It ia said that in the overthrow in Guelders, Verdugo, the general of the Spanish camp, received a hurt in the neck of which he is since dead; likewise that one Captain Thorns (?), a man of good reckoning among them, is said to be hurt to the death; but the truth I have not yet understood. There is also a bruit that Meenen is besieged by the enemy; but I rather think it is reported ' of some fear,' because the Scots who are in garrison there were lately discontented for want of pay, than of any likelihood to be true, and yet the report is grown hot today. The enemy has some part of his forces at Wavre, about 4 leagues from Brussels; the rest, being now master of the field, he scatters in sundry places, as him best listeth, to his best advantage.— Antwerp, 9 September 1582. . Sept. 9

• ;'•

-, ..

Add. Endd. ' %yp> [Ibid. XVII. 8.]

3 2 0 . COLONEL THOMAS MOBGAN to WALSINGHAM . Although I ' assheuer' myself that you are thoroughly advertised of the late service done at Ghent, yet for my particular duty I 'am' thus much to say that in my rife I never saw so good a 'retrayet,' in which General Morris showed himself to be a ' sholder,' to his no little honour. We are now come to the keeping of the gardens under Antwerp in ' Bubginhault.' We remain at the will and pleasure of the duke. Moreover General Norris on the 8th inst. departed for Guelderland, to the relief of ' Lockham,' with 11 cornets of horse, 3 English, 3 Dutch, and 5 French. The footmen, who are to meet them by water, are to the number of 600 or 700, certain being chosen out of all their whole troops. "We fear greatly the general's journey by land. For the enemy ie both at ' Loven' an.d ' Leer' very strong in horse and foot, if so be they hear of his journey. The Grave van Btollacke is departed with him,'all of them taking their journey through Brabant, by ' Bry. doth&' [Breda] , ' Housden,' and' Sartingemburs' ['s Hertogenboschj > passing there a river, which being once passed by them, they are safe.-—9 September. P.$.~3?or sending you a eouple of mares, as yet I am not able, for. the suddeB departure of us from Dunkirk was such that hitherto it haa hindered me; but I will as soon as may be send you such as I hope shall content you. • ' Add. Endd, lp, llbid. XV1L 9.}

••'•"' 1582. Sept. 9

=" • ELIZABETH".

318

'

A.D.

321.

STOKES

to WAIBINGHAM

• •

My last to you was the 2nd inst, since which these speeches are current. The Prince of Parma with all the nobles on the enemy's side ( a r e ' assembled at Lille, where they hold a great general council of war. Those of Lille are, great suitors to the prince to have him besiege Meenen, for they have made an offer to furnish the camp with victuals and powder during the siege, and when they have got the town, they will give him to pay the soldiers 300,000 guilders in ready money; for those of Meenen keep them so short that they dare not almost stir out of ' n o ' gate, lest they are taken. It seems the Prince of Parma begins to hearken to this offer, for already he has caused to lie between Lille and Meenen, at a village called Hallewyn, 5 50 ensigns of J foot. The speech goes they will make there two great ' bulwarks to lodge 400 men in each; and it seems they' mean some such matter, for they are taking up all the pioneers they can get, and besides in Lille- they make great provision of scaling ladders and bridges, so that it seems they will oe doing something. This village of Hallewyn stands within twelve score [sic] of Meenen, where if the enemy go forward with those ' bulwarks ' they will put the town in danger within two or three months only for want of victuals; so there is great doubt here that town will not be long out of their hands. The Prince of Parma has sent some of his horse with some foot up into Artois, for the speech is come from. Lille that those of Cambray and Oambresis have taken and burnt Saint Pol, which is an old and weak town, and not to be kept. Besides they have burnt many villages in those parts, ao that the enemy is kept occupied in every place; and yet all will not help, for if Monsieur's forces eome not before the winter, many towns on this aide cannot continue long out of the enemy's hands. The rest of the enemy's horse lie at 'Belle' and those.pasts, bending towards St Omer's, fearing lest any of Monsieur's forces should come over at Gravelines.river or thereabouts. It is written from Lille that the Prince of Parma has received letters from the King of Spain riot to spare the lives of any of those that have taken oath against him, which seems to be true, for the new-come Spaniards show already, in speech and dealing, great cruelty, to the great disliking of many of the Malcontents; so that it is hoped God will tarn the hearts of some of the enemy's side. This week about 50 of the new-come Spaniards eame to Corfcriek irom the eanxp at Hallewyn to refresh themselves for two or three days, and at their coming to the gates there was some stay made of them before they entered, until M. de ' Bwevingham s pleasure was known, who is governor there. And because ' h e maae^tne matter a little strange,' for so many of theta to enter at one tome, it made the Spaniards very angry, and after they w e erne into

S14 A.D.

FOEEIGN PAPERS. 1582. the town they called him traitor and ' Lewteriau ' [_qy. Lutheran], and the speech goes he takes those words in very evil part. That is all that is stirring here, save that daily their fear on this side grows more and moie that their state will not continue long, only for want of good government; whieh is still wanting among them, to the great grief of the poor commons, who spend their lives and goods in the cause, and yet they cannot help it.—Bruges, 9 September 1582. P.S.—'Even presently' this morning I received yours oi the 2nd inst. and humbly thank you for the same.

Sep. 10

Add.

Endd. 2 pp.

[ibid. XVII. 10.]

322.

DON ANTONIO to WALSINGHAM

I am sending this gentleman, Thomas Streges, to the Queen of England, to report to her what has happened to this fleet and also the state of my affairs, to which I assure myself she will not fail to give every assistance seeing the good beginning whieh she gave them, the goodwill she has ever shown, and above all the evil plight in which by ill-luck I am at present. I pray you with all my power, upon the confidence I have in your friendship, that you will bear a hand with her and take her [sic] under your protection and favour, that I may at this time know and enjoy the desired effects of her goodwill and your love, which in truth could not be shown on a better occasion or more to the purpose. And believe that I shall never forget this obligation or fail to recognise it to your satisfaction when occasion offers. For the details of what has happened and of what I hope from the Queen, I say no more, that I may not annoy you, but put myself in the hands of Streges.— Angree [ate], 10 September 1582. Add. -Endd. Itul. Hoi. % p. Sep. 11

-323.

[Portugal 1,85.]

GOEHAM to WALSHJ-GHAM

Since the writing of my last to you, dated the 4th inst. there has much speech been ' delivered forth' in the Court that d'Aubigny and J^arnes Stewart have been apprehended by the rest of the nobility* as likewise that the Scottish king has been deprived of Ms liberty. The Prince Dauphin departed four days since, having repaired to his troops in Picardy, where, beside la Fere, they mean to make their rendezvous, staying thereabouts till the coming of their Swiss. It is given me to understand that the French * pretend ' to enter Artois, where they will encamp for a time. The French horse are very well appointed, and there are sundry good companies of Gascons, so this 'power' may be sufficient, if they are well commanded. The Priaee Dauphin is willing and desirous to have Marshal Biron to keep him company, but no certainty is as yet discovered of his going

ELIZABETH. AJ>.

815

1582. The duke of Monfcpensier is gone to Hantes in Britanny to exercise the government of that province, that it may be thought he is not 'parted from that charge,' as it was ' esteemed.' The President de Thou, the duke of Brabant's Chancellor in this realm, and M. Perrot, one of his learned Council in law, were present at Saleedo's examination, when he revoked the greatest pavt of what he had confessed in Flanders. Saleedo's mother and wife were these last days suitors at the Court, when it was overheard that his wife said to his mother that the duke of G-uise saw them, but would not seem to see them. They write that since Captain ' le Marie' entered into Geneva with his 200 French horsemen, and after the approach of M. Ohatillon with, his 40 companies of foot, the Duke of Savoy haa withdrawn his forces further from Geneva. This happened upon • composition made between the duke and M. CbMillon, agreeing to retire both their ' powers.' The Spanish agent in this Court has had letters from Spain that in Madrid 'there should be fires made of joy' for the victory had on the French navy. Howbeit those news are as yet but delivered ' after a cold sort.' By letters from Augsburg I understand that Mr Ashby was ' in his parting' from thence towards the Prince of Parma and the Duke of Cleves about the deliverance of Mr Rogers. They write likewise to me that Mr Ashby will have letters from the Emperor to her Majesty. By the last letters from thence it is certified that the princes had granted the Emperor 8,000 guilders yearly during five years, but the free cities had not as yet consented thereto. When the matter of the Low Countries was ' put tofeehad' in deliberation among the Electors, the Duke of Saxony said that he found it not a matter ' pertinent' to make that cause an action of state of the Empire; because it was not material to them whether the French or the Spanish enjoyed those provinces, so as the homage and duty to the Empire were satisfied. He had, he saad, found that the Spanish government had been more troublesome and • prejudicial to Germany than the French. Howbeit, his further advice was that Monsieur should be sent to, to know how lie would • carry himself towards the Empire for the provinces he possessed. On August 14 the Count of Arenberg came to Augsburg, gent from the Prince of Parma; to deal in the matter &f the bow Countries, as is there thought I am advertised that Mr G-afeihas arrived at Augsburg, I enelose advertisements from sundry places.—Paris, 11 Sept 1582. AM. EnM. 2 pp. [Franca VIII. 87..]

Sep. 11

324.

COBHA3I

I have received your letters sent by Paulo,, i find confirmed the news which was advertises

316

FOREIGN PAPEES.

A.D.1682.

/

.•

'coneeruingtke Scottish affairs, wherewith the Guises are perplexed, and by their ' eollatural' manner have caused me to be enquired of touching, these Scottish causes. When they gave me to understand of the ' brailes' happened in Scotland, for I had heard nothing thereof out ol England, I seemed not to believe it,' showing' rather to think that d'Aubigny caused by his Mends and letters those bruits to be spread, whilst he might convey the young king into Spain, the .intention of which I said had been espied long since; in which humour I continued till now. M; Pinart has been inquisitive, asking after the new stirs chanced in Scotland of my servant whom I employ in this Court. It is to be wished that her Majesty might be moved to remove by some just means, if it might be, that heavy mountain which hangs over our heads ready to fall daily on her subjects upon every moving of changeable fortune; threatening, even in her lifetime, the inducing of trouble to the danger of her person and her 'reposed estate.' The good occasions of redress would not be slacked, if it pleases God, especially now, while this people are amused in Flanders. In which action, and in the enterprises ' , against the Spaniards, it seems the French go yet but slackly and unluckily to work, being ' most impatient to abide' in the doing of any one enterprise. De ' Beax' (Beaux), since knowledge was had in this Court of the troubles hi Scotland, enquired of me of the Lady Arbella, daughter to this Scottish ting's uncle, and desired to be informed of her descent. This gentleman is agent to Monsieur, brought into credit by M. Marehaumont, whose wife is judged to be affected towards the Guises, and her husband, M. de Marchaumont, was, at his being here, esteemed to be,an enemy towards them. Those here of the Scottish faction have of late muttered that they will ( pretend' to have a marriage intended between the Scottish king and the King of Denmark's daughter, or with his kinswoman. But I trust' there may be some strong hatch put afore that door.'

• .

Pasquier, ' Mong. Mava : ' secretary, has brought lately sundry complaints of the English pirates committed against the French. It maybe.siiQh complaints have been framed at the request of Ba/jueville, to the intent that hia brother's ' excess' committed against Walter Cassye might thereby be qualified or in part appeased, _ I have informed their Majesties with great earnestness of d'Armaville's depredations, and have received their letters directed to him j but he appears not since Cassye's coming over, nor shows any direct meaning to intend to make restitution,

.

There is come to this- town Mr William Middleton from Naples, where he has continued for the, most part in prison ever since last winter. As I understand him, he was examined there 'if he did appertain ' either to Sir Christopher Hatton or to yourself, and if Jie received any letters from any of you. Further he was f demanded'of Fante and Hunt,and to what intent he 'pretended' at tlafc time to repair to Malta.

ELIZABETH.

317

A.». 1582.

This gentleman being released departed from' Naples about the beginning of August, coming from thence ( on ' the galleys wherein the companies were embarked which, as he understood, were assigned to serve the Duke of Savoy against Geneva. So that at Mr Middleton's departure from Genoa these Neapolitan companies remained in their galleys, not landed. I suppose this gentleman will return presently into England, because his 'license' is expired.—Paris, 11 Sept. 1582. Holograph. Seal. Add. Endd. 3 pp. Sep; 12

325.

[Ibid, VIII. 38.]

JOHN COBHAM to WALSINOHAM

The enemy bends his force towards Frie.sland and Guelderland as well as we. H. G-ourdan and the Mayor of Calais have • taken up' by force three boats of Dover to bring soldiers hither. The poor men are here, suitors for their money, but they are like to have none unless you. write to M. Gourdan in their behalf. The French that arrived here report that the ' P : Dolphinoey: comes hither at once by land, with 8,000 foot and 4,000 horse; I wish it to be true, for there is great need of them, but I much doubt of it, because he sends these by sea. • New supplies have been sent to Herenfcals and Diest very lately.. Since Monsieur's last coining hither, no exploits are done here. We expect daily to hear of Mr Nome's good success at ' Lockham.' The cornets and ensigns that went with him were many, hut of force very weak.—Antwerp, 12 Sept. 1582. Add. Endd. |jg>. [Holl. and FL XVII, 11.] Sep. 13

326.

MATJVISSIEKE to WALSINGHAM

Please thank her Majesty for her command given to you to impart to me the news from Scotland; how M. de Lenox is departing for Prance and quitting Scotland by order of the prince of that country, and is to plaee the fortresses of Dumbarton and Blackness into the hands of the person appointed. For my part I have always desired that the affairs of Scotland should not be the cause of any altercation between Pranee and England, M. de Lenox will still find himself M. d'Aubigny in Prance, and cousin to the Prince of Scotland; who I hope will be very wise, and always take good advice. When princes want to be too enterprising, God, who is more powerful than they, bounds and bridles their ambition. The Queen yourmistress is of a good natural disposition, wise, and fortunate. These are three special graces of God, which I pray Him to preserve to her with a long and happy lifeI will further ask you here to, thank her Majesty for the permission which she gave me for 500 quarters of wheat and some pieces of iron artillery to put into a ship of 200 tons whwh I have been made to buy much against my will {en man corps Mfendml). I have given it to my son, who is English—the Queen s godstua— and a gentleman of the chamber to Monsieur the king s teottor. The captain of this ship begs me io let him go m aeftrish of • M. Steozzi, H he be alive, or the Fmmh. ileet, fo take them something to make soft toad of. He will start as soon aa you

818

FOBEIGN PAPEBS.

A.D. 1582.

send him the passport for the ship, which is at Southampton, with the license for so much as her Majesty and you may think reasonable, that he may not leave this kingdom empty, and go and waste his time elsewhere. As for the wood of which you asked Coureelles the quantity, it will be as much or as little as you wish, not wishing to place any limit other than may please her Majesty. In conclusion, I beg you to haye the license and the passport dispatched for what you have granted to Courcelles, who will come tomorrow evening to get them from you, that he may foe off to Southampton, to see the ship and make them start.—London, IS September 1582. P.S.—I will also trouble you, if you please, to kiss the Queen's hands for me, and thank her for the honour she has done to these French gentlemen, for which they will ever be grateful. I have dispatched Baron . . . . to the king. He will tell him he never saw anything so honnete as your Queen. Add. Bndd. Sep.

13

327.

Fr.

2#p.

[France VIII. 39.]

The DUEE OF CLEVES to the QTIBEN

Your letter of July 17 last from Nonsuch has this day been handed to me by Stephen Lesieur. In reply to it I may inform you that the Emperor some time ago directed me to use all the efforts in my power that your envoy Daniel Eogers might at length be deliyered from the captivity in bonds that he has so long.endured. I have indeed, by force of the Imperial mandate, not omitted again to admonish my Council in Cleves to leave no stone unturned, but to devise means by which he may be set free and- restored to his former state. Up till now I have not failed, nor will I fail henceforth, to do whatever may appear to me in any way to traduce to the furtherance of this matter.—From our castle of Hamboeh, on the Ides of September 1582. '{Signed), Guilhelmus dux Julias etc. Add. Evuld. Lai. Sep. 14

328.

J p.

[Germany IL 48.]

The SPANISH FORCE in the NETHERLANDS

Statement of the monthly pay of all the soldiers serving his Majesty in these States, alike in Flanders, Priegland, and Brabant, and in garrison, with the number of people in the regiments.

The 24 companies of Spanish infantry under Colonel Ohristobel de Mondragon _ ' . Tae 17 companies of Pedro de Paz The 8 companies of Italian infantry under Mario 'Oardoyn' . . , . . An many under Camillo de Monte 12 companies of Upper (? altos) Bargnndians, 10 of the Marquis de Varambon'a regiment and 2 in garrison at Toumay . . , " • .

Soldiere

Florins pe* mensem.

3816 1820

29682 21110

3377 2S0O

21418 18874

XfQQ

1967{m

ELIZABETH.

319

A.D. 1582. 15 companies of Walloon infantry, M. de Montigny's regiment ' 2253 16 of Count Egmont's 11985 10 of Gabriel da Lioques 1244 As many of Count Oetavio de Mansf eldt 1500 As many of Count Charles of Manderscheid (Mandricheta) 1000 12 companies of Philippe de Lioques 1800 10 of M. de Boors . 1287 As many of Baron d'Aubigny 878 As many of ' M a s n u y ' 1466 10 companies of High Germans under Bobert de 2800 Gumberg (P; - ' 2600 9 companies of Count Frnndsberg 3144 10 companies of Count Berlaymont S144 Don Julio * Manruqne' (gy. Manrique) as many 3144 Coiint Charles of Mansfeldt 3793 21 companies extra-regimental 600 4 companies of M. de Floy on The ordinary garrisons of Luxemburg, Thionville, . Montm^dj, ' D a v i l e r e ' (qy. Damweiler), and 617 ' Gha/ranci' {gy. Ohavange) The castle of Kerpan, Sauzon (?) Charlemont, 1187 Mariembourg, Avesnes, Landrecies, Quesnoy M. de Haultepenne's regiment which is in t h e open 1600 country (eampifia), 10 regiments 1500 As many of M. de la M o t t e at Gravelines 37 companies of Italian and Spanish light horse, and 2187 mounted harquebusiers 10QO 12 others of local lancers and harquebusiers In Friesland a r e t h e following people : M. d e Billy's regiment of veteran (? Ve&o») Germans, sooo containing 12 companies ~ sooo Baron d e Havault t h e same 600 3 companies in Groningen 1500 10 companies with Ool. Verdugo -. 3 oompaniss of light horse and I of mounted 8S0 h b i harquebusifirs E n t e r t a i n m e n t of persons serving in t h a t country I n t h e army, about his Highness's person, p a y amounting t o ~. ~ ' ' 60083

18601

16784 11036 12236 7832 14884 10597 8000 12239 41476 33188 403S6 40326

33657 5675 6000 10451 13330 12330 46329 15863 37000 37000 6000 13000 8000 2000

10000 671867

This is the amount of one month's pay for the soldiers of the army and garrisons in these States, without that made up by the artillery and victualling department (offraeeces en vwkiaiMas) taken from the boots of the aforesaid since they have been in my charge. —At the camp, 14 September 1582. (Signed), Pedro Ooloma. Endd. -. Muster' roole' of the Spanish forces, 14 September 1582. Spanish. 2 pp. [Spain I. 105.] Sep. 14

329.

The COUNT DA SILVA to the QUEEN

We, the vassals of the ting my master are under so great obHgation to your Majesty that we deem it a great error to let pass any occasion of shomng any recognition of it and telling you how ranch we are content to confess the promptitude and goodwill With which we ought to serve you. This will always be found m me for your e e m c t wherein I am particularly your debtor afjauwU aw wbern occasion ofers ; for which I would wish my We W» fl» BMW*

S20

.

A.D. 1582.

FOREIGN PAPERS.

' • . . . . of your subjects, as which. let your Majesty hold me since I am that of a king who has such affection to your affairs. He remained in this island, feeling his troubles, but with much certainty that they will be remedied ; and with reason, since all depends on your greatness and goodness, which cannot fail the afflicted, and has never been seen to the extent that it here is, as a 'fame remedy for the recovery of Portugal, as MB ancestors always did to those of your Majesty. I am confident that to you alone I have to owe the liberty of my sons, and he who hopes in you alone, ought to serve you alone and hold you for his true queen.-—Angra, 14 Sep. 1582. Add. Endd.

Sep.

14

330.

Port.

£ p.

[Portugal I. 86.]

COUNT DA BILVA to WALSINGHAM

I am delighted to be able to let you. know how great a desire I have to serve you, and that an. occasion may offer wherein you may clearly see that wish. It would give me great pleasure if you liked to try, by commanding me in his country in matters for your service, if you have perchance any there. But I trust that what I now show as desire will be seen in effect if our master takes me to Portugal, where I ghali be better able to do it than here. It would delight me that you should have this certainty of me, and if you have it, it will be for me a great favour, and one by which I shall remain as much obliged as by any received from you.—Angra, 14 Sept-1582. P.S. (autograph).—In the affairs of the king my master I have nothing to remind you of, since you have always proceeded therein as you should and as he deserves. I remind you only that what has happened to this fleet ought much to facilitate his [or, your] designs, since it is seen that at so great cost the enemy sent to sea . 30 vessels, large and small, all of such quality that if the French had been willing they might have had the victory. I hope that all will be kept for that [_qy. your] nation, and that to it we may owe our liberty. - Add. Endd. Port. I p. [Portugal I. 87'..] Sep. 14

3 3 1 . CoBHAM to WALSrSGHAM \ There now appears more hope of Marshal Biron's going with the Prince Dauphin, for he buys hors/es and other preparations for the^ use of the war, and received yesterday 20,000 crowns upon assignations that the king had assigned for him. They account to have in the army of the Prince Dauphin 10,000 French foot, beside their 4,000 Swiss, and there are gone out from sundry parts of France 1,500 horse* and 1,000 horse more with M. Puygaillard have gathered in Picardy and other places on the frontier; so that it is accounted the whole army will amount to 16,500 fighting men. It has been deliberated these two days «i Council how Monsieur should have presently paid for him the "whole sum of 150,000 crowns, which the king long since assigned to hit» on the salt. • . .

ELIZABETH. A.D.

•

821

1582. Some of the councillors in this Court complain that the Dulse of Savoy shows himself ' too much Imperial'; imputing this course ' of his to the counsels of M. de Cahors, his chief favourite, who now does not altogether aloae manage the duke's affairs, since the enterprise of Geneva has had no better success, the duke having called to his favour again M. de Ligni, his father's chief counsellor, being persuaded thereto by his (frond Ecwyer, brother-in-law to Cab or s, who has seemed to 'prefer more' the duke's service and estate ' than that ! he •would see the duke decay through, his brother's insufficiency. Count Panealiert one of the principal men of the duke's estate, is lately deceased. They of Geneva are in better terms, and hope at the next meeting of the Cantons, which is to be about the end of this month, to liave some accord made with the duke of Savoy to their advantage. There is a captain of Moutescu, within three leagues of Toulouse, one of the Religion, who has contrary to the Edict committed great insolences; -whereon those of both religions are gone to besiege him. The priests of Corbie in Picardy have .been at Bapaunie, to favour a conspiracy for the delivery of Corbie into the malcontents' hands, which is discovered, and they imprisoned. And they of Amiens have put forth all their strangers, doubting the like, I send herewith enclosed the supplication of six miserable Englishmen here imprisoned, condemned to the galleys for piracy committed on the French. I have sued to the king and his mother thai it would please them to stay the poor men, and send them Into Flanders for the service of Monsieur; putting their Majesties in mind how many hundred Englishmen daily venture their lives in Manders against the enemy. The queen has agreed to stay them till the king's coming. I have been moved to deliver this packet to Mr Gorge, because lie is a gentleman who professes to serve her Majesty with a good zeal, and of a kindred which she seems to make much of. Otherwise I should have abstained to send one of my own without very special cause, according to your direction. I beseech you that my suit and revocation may be remembered now to her Majesty, which I desire you will vouchsafe to move in my behalf, while my Lord Treasurer, and my Lord of Leicester are both in Court.—Paris, 13 Sept. 1582. Add, findcl 2 pp. [France YIIL 40.]

Sep.

iu

332.

COBHAM to

Having this day received a letter from William Shnte, dated * in * Rome, the 20th of August, I have thought good to certify the contents of it to you, which is that on Aug. 14 State arrived at Borne, and on the 17th M. de Fois had audiesce of the POM, delivering to him all the king's letters; and moreover that M. de Foix spoke to the Cardinals of 'SftlwT nod Sou Bewwao. He has likewise already obtained the Pope's tettora, mth the said 16077

822

•

FOREIGN PAPERS.

i.D.1682. Cardinals', lor the release of the ship, directed to the Grand Master and the Inquisition at Malta. With these and other letters of M> de Foix to the Grand Master, Shute meant to depart towards Malta on Aug. 21; notwithstanding that he understood the Pope had already in June given order Mr Osborne's ship, with the ahip [sic] and goods, should be set at liberty, and as Shute was informed the ship had been released, and departed on her voyage towards England. But he had cause to doubt she was yet at Malta, because since the same time there was no certain news come of her release; ,for the ambassador ligier resident for Malta in Eome has advertisement how a frigate of theirs coming to Naples was taken with some of the knights and the Grand Master's letters. Wherefore Shute has found it needful to go onwards; being so advised by M. de Eoix, because there is no trust or assurance on the first order given, for M. de Foix has told him he doubts he would yet find the ship at Malta. M. de Foix has written very earnestly to the Grand Master, who is one of his tenants in the County of Foix; so thai Shute doubts not but if the ship be not already discharged and gone, upon his arrival he will ' compass' the Grand Master and Inquisitors to be satisfied with the Pope's letters.—Paris, 15 Sept. 1582.

Add.' Endd. lfjpp. Sep. 15

[Frame VIII. 41.]

3 3 3 . G-EOBGE WAGNEB to GEORGE BBKCtMAN, ' gentilhomme Allemand' I doubted for. some time whether I should devote this short time which I have stolen amid my various occupations to answering your letter of Aug. 28, or should wait for more leisure, since you did not mention where you were staying in London. But I thought it better to let this sheet take its chance of falling into unknown hands and only reach you by chance, than to delay writing any longer. I can quite believe that Alencon is in a pretty bad way (rehns satis accisis). I think that the spirit of his followers has been further weakened by the recent action near Ghent. The unfortunate event near Tercera will have unexpectedly raised his authority and the hope which the Flemings plaeed in that expedition [sic}' Count Bochefoucauld will shortly follow his men, who have entered Pieardy to the number of 500 horse. In Normandy 6,000 or 7,000 footmen are laying waste the country on all sides; and 4,000 Swiss are wasting time and the crops in Champagne. It is not known by what route these forces will enter Flanders, since .Parma holds all the places near France with strong garrisons, and will not readily allow them to slip out of his hands by Gravelines and Dunkirk. Saleedo, who is said to have conspired against Alencon, is kept in close custody in the tower of Vincennes near Paris. Some eay he will be sent back to Flanders to undergo bis sentence. The king is at the baths of Bourbon-Laney with the queen; the Queen Mother meanwhile wifh the whole Court is settled at Saint-Maur, wMther I make an excursion almost every day. They say the bug and his wife will eome here at the beginning of next month.

ELIZABETH. A.D.

323

1582. In the Diet at Augsburg nothing lias so far been decided beyond what the Emperor proposed in the first place to the States, that they should contribute to the expenses of the Turkish war They voted him 4,500,000 florins, the sum to be paid in the space of 5 years. The Imperial cities were very reluctant, and wanted the aftairs of Aachen to be handled before anything was decided about this contribution; but the authority of the princes and churchmen prevailed. Meanwhile those of Aachen were excluded from the meeting and from the place they held among the cities, and not only irritated the Emperor, but alienated the Elector of Saxony. Pour princes and four bishops were elected to discuss the affairs of the Low Countries in private, and afterwards report to the whole body of States. It is not known what will be subsequently decreed. The Emperor has this business very much at heart. 'The Duke of Bouillon is said to be coming to the Diet with some Flemings in Alencon's name; but they will be .excluded and sent back unheard, for ao it has already been decided, if they want to be heard in his name as Duke of Brabant, Count of Holland and Zealand, etc, . The Elector of Saxony left Augsburg on Aug. 5. He showed himself very friendly and attentive to the Emperor, so that the French have remarked that he never would discuss anything which he knew that the Emperor disliked. Mecklenburg, Wurtemberg, Montbeliard, Zweibriicken, and other princes departed before; others have come in their place. Cardinal Madruzzi, the Papal legate, has acquired great authority with all the Estates for his singular prudence and moderation. He lately, with great pomp, consecrated the Elector of Treves archbishop in the chureh of Holy Cross at Augsburg. They say the Emperor will go away about Michaelmas; others, however, think he will close the Diet in person and mot by those of bis Council. If the discussion about Low Country matters were done with, the rest would be got through shortly. Thte next thing is Livonian affairs; in the fourth place the reform of the Chamber at Spires; in the fifth, the matter of the coinage; sixthly, £h«y will decide as to the equal apportionment of the burden of the contributions; seventhly and lastly, as to the prerogatives of the meeting and place, as to which there is a controversy among some of the Estates. Some points in this last article have already been touched apon, for the Archbishop of Salzburg has claimed th<s primacy of G-ermany among the archbishops, because the See and Chapter of Magdeburg are in the occupation of profane persons*. The Emperor has adjudged thai that prerogative shall remain with "the Chapter of Magdeburg, as though the Sea were vacant-^ Afterwards, on the Elector of Brandenburg's son, who is holding that archbishopric—-he calls himself the administrate—argenfly demanding to have the first place in. the archbishop's assembly, he got a repulse, and soon after, as though annoyed at this, departed from the Diet, leaving his councillors behind. The Elector of Saxony promised the Emperor he would easily set this all ligM with the administrator's father, and there was not reason for the Bmperor to give himself any anxiety about it.

824 A.D. 1582,

F0BE1G-N PAPERS. . This ia pretty much, all that has heen written to me from the Diet, that I can remember at present. If I had leisure to look up (excutere) the letters I have reeeived, more would turn up, as also more can be got from the transactions (actis) which it would be laborious to transcribe. If you were here, I would let you have them all . . our friend Stephanus had not reached Augsburg on Aug. 16 . . . . I had a letter written on that day by a friend to whom I had [? commended] him, who if Henry had given him my letter would have mentioned the fact. The siege of Geneva is raised, and the Bernese have also laid down their arms. The war between the Turks and the Persians is recrudescent, to th& great convenience of Christendom. • All our countrymen have betaken themselves from Bourges, on account of the increase of plague there, to Orleans and Paris. Cujacins has followed with his household, and it is thought will lecture here next winter. I have nothing more to write, and if I had, I "should not have leisure, nor be able to make this letter any longer .—In haste, Paris, b 15 September 1582. . Add. in French; ' payee quatre sole.' Entld. by Beale : Advertisements from Paris. Latin. %%pp. [France VIII. 42.]

Sep. 16

334.

STOKES to WALSINGHOI

I thank you for the favour offered me in your letter- of July 14 last, wherein I pereeive that my desired licence of beer will not be granted, because her Majesty has made a restraint of all licences to the end that the licence of Dover may be the better 'vented'; which I am sorry for the rather because I have entered into bargain .and sold 200 ton of beer to be delivered by 'Hollantyde' [<WHalloweentide] and have received a parcel of hops towards the payment, so that now I shall have a very hard bargain to my loss. I must have patience and make as good a 'vend' of it as I can. And where you offer me to procure her Majesty's licence for the transporting of grain, I thank you for it; but surely the benefit that arises now by grain is so small (unless it be "wheat) that without a very great' number' be transported,' which makes too much show, the benefit to the transporter will be small. Besides, there are already great licences out for barley and malt, and yet there passes*out more without licence than there does by licence. Wherefore I. have thought good to beseech you to favour me in another suit, which is, that I alone may have a licence to bring pins into the realm; 'which commodity although in very deed be forbidden by statute/ yet it is'daily brought into the realm by divers men, and by the 'only' favour and means of the customers. Wherefore if you will favour my suit, upon knowledge thereof I will cauae my ' book to be drawn out' for it, and ever acknowledge myself bound to you.—Bruges, 16 September 1582. Add. . Endd. 2 pp.

[EolL and M, XVIL 12.]

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582. Sep. 16

335.

825

JOHN COBHAJI to WALSINGHAM:

I received to-day yours of the 8th inst., whereby I perceive yon have written effectually and earnestly to procure some good and speedy end between Mr Nome and myself. For my part, if you will take that pains, I will refer myself wholly to your order and direction ; and if he will for himself choose another to you, I would be content to stand to such order, rule, and judgement' as to your honours shall be thought convenient. Or if you please to appoint two persons here, one of them to be chosen by you for me, and the other for him, I am content that they shall hear, examine) and determine ah1 this controversy,-and be bound to stand to your order • or theirs, so that Mr Norris will enter into bond iii the like sort. There are lately landed here 1,500 'G-askoynes,' who are gone to relieve Friesland and Guelderland. The enemy marches with his force towards that part. There were very lately put into Lieire by the Prince of Parma 600 foot and 100 lances, Italians; but they are very simple persons. It is credibly reputed that the enemy means to besiege Diest, ' which being true,' I fear we shall not be able to relieve it, these forces are so small. The enemy came in the night about two days ago to a house where ' Mercurie,' the captain of the ' Albonoyse,' lay with his company, and set the house on fire and took from him 24 of his horses and some iew of his soldiers. The States of Holland show themselves very obstinate against Monsieur, for they do not pay that money they agreed upon; and not contented with that, ' but' they carry salt and other victual to Rosendaal, whereby the enemy has revietualled Lierre and divers of his towns, and much discontent Monsieur.—Antwerp, 16 September 1582. P.S.—I would most gladly hear for certainty of the good success of Don Antonio, for it would bring great comfort to a number here. AM. Sep. 16

336.

Endd.

lp.,

[HoU. awl FL XVII. 13.]

AUJDLEY DANETT to WALSINCOIAM

As my letters weekly written I trust come safely to your hands, so my, hope is that you take them in good part, rather for the good opinion you may conceive by them of my desire to do von service, than for any matter they contain worth the advertising; so that although my sufficiency may be found far inferior to many, my ready desire to do you all the service I can being equal with the best, I hope not to be thought unworthy of your favour. Since my last of the 9th, by the English post, there amvflct here and at Hushing from Calais to the number of 2,000 • Gaacaiuos, who were at once all sent by water into Oueldeiiand, to foin the other forces there for the relief of Lochem. Since Mr Nonas went thither, no letters have come from Mm; only it is understood ' b y ' others that on Tuesday m« llm he was at Zutphen, not past two days' journey mm irfjehem

826

FOREIGN PAPPUS.

A.D.1682.

The enemy is said to have sent some forces thither lately from these, parts, but in so small number that there is good hope the town will be relieved notwithstanding. The enemy, being master of the field, disperses his forces into many parts. Some remain about ' Lovaine,' others about Aleenen, where it is said they have made a strong fort, between that town and Lille, which will be a great hindrance to Meenen for receiving of victual; whereof they have lately made some provision by foarscore waggons laden from Bruges, which have again returned from thence as is here reported. It is also reported that the companies about Meenen, being lately ' fallen to some terms ' for want of pay, have assembled before Lille, by which town they demand to be paid before they go to any further service. If it be true, it is likely Mr Stokes, being nearer the place than we, will advertise it to you. Many things are on purpose given • out here to stay the people, who are timorous, wavering, and veiy inconstant, and that with such assurance that one may hardly make sound judgement of the truth; ' namely,'the great numbers of French forces which are said to be about Cambray, the particulars of Don Antonio's victory, and the great wealth obtained by taking the Spanish fleet coming . from the Indies. All these have been delivered with good assurance in the ' State house ' here by Don Antonio's agents, and yet are scarcely believed to be true. Our English companies, with some few of the French and Scots, remain at Borgerhoufr, joining to the suburbs of this town; the common soldier so poor and miserable that I am ashamed to write it to you. The enemy is grown very strong at Lierre, whither it is said the Prince of Parma came very lately; which makes some think he will ere long attempt something against the forces at Borgerhout. On Friday night the 14th, those of Lierre besieged- certain French horsemen who were lodged at a very fair house called s Bwckebault' [Bockholt], which stands midway between this town and Lierre. Next morning certain of our forces went out to their succour, but found the enemy dislodged, having made some spoil by fire of the barns and stables belonging to the house, and taken away threescore of the Frenchmen's horses. This Sunday morning the English post arrived here, by whom I received yours of the 8th inst.—Antwerp, 16 September 1582. Add. MncU, 2$;.pp. [Holl. and FL XVIL 14.] Sep. 16

337.

THOHAS DOYLSY to •WALSINGKAH

I cannot choose but lament the miserable estate of our countrymen in these countries whose credit lately more than before, I know not1 by what practices^ is very much eclipsed and in decadence. Om general, who in Ghielderland and Priesland commanded all nations, was drawn thence to the camp, having there no place of. credit allotted to Mm; ' being given' to 'champignons' in respect of his

ELIZABETH. A.B.

827

1582. continuance and experience in the wars of these quarters, notwithstanding that bis nation wag reinforced by new regiments, and that the English by the estimation of all men was the half force o! the whole camp for the infantry. And for a confirmation that they meant his disgrace they have sent him to Guelderland only with his cavalry, to be commanded by those whom he before commanded, and also a perilous journey, going between ' Schertogenborch' and Breda, the enemy's country. Also at the last noble retreat, where our General won the spurs, by his valour and skilful direction saving the whole army, I note that whereas our nation had that day by course the vanguard, they gave him the charge to direct the rearward, the place of most danger; which he both willingly and valiantly performed, taking only 250 of his own 'pic[uiers' with him. And being come to the 'plain field,' to the gates of Ghent, our English ensigns only were Hying in the field, the JYencii wrapt up near, laid iij a heap near Ghent walls, our ' piquiers' breaking the fury of the horsemen; who were rewarded only by our general; ' Son Alteze' and the Prince not so much as commending them, though they saw the conflict from the walls. Also our nation tarried a month after all others for- their pay, and yet have not their due by 3,000 and odd guilders, as it were to put them in like terms against the general as they were before. Also whereas the Frenchmen are all either in good towns in garrison, or else ' on the boors' to refresh themselves, only our nation are iu" a ' skonce ' at ' Berghenhout' by Antwerp, aa sheep in a pinfold, debarred since their pay of all 'provande'; as if a pay in three months could both pay their debts to the ' vivandiers,' cover their naked bodies, and find them now also victuals. I fear the words of Quinoy_, secretary to the duke, have entered deeplv into his master's conceit; who, upon occasion of the mutiny, spoke these words : " Look well to those Englishmen; it is they that will hinder your sure footing in these countries, and if you sit not the surer in the end, they will put you out of your seat/' Whereby ODe may well conjecture their good affection and coxteeat of our nation. •* Therefore I wish that either our countrymen might be better respected, or that out general might be ' revoked,' not as driven thereto hy their disgraces, but as by her Majesty commanded, since ' neither' they respect him in preferment, and yet' put him to the most desperate attempts. Since the general with his 3 cornets, and 7 others, part French cavalry and part reiters, 10 cornets in all, passed by tod to G-uclderland, to the rescue of Loehem, and 15 ensigns of itemh. infantry by water, 2,000 Gascons arrived at Flashing, wo were also sent to Guelderland ' on Saturday, was se'rongM.' lbs general was at Hoesden; since, on Tuesday at Utrecht bo tlia-t by ™i| time they are all before Loehein, wherein are 2,000 soldiers, aart Grave 'Hannan/ Grave Frederic, and Grave Oswald, three of &e eldest sons of the Grave van Berghe, governor of Gndderiand, and brother-in-law to the Prince of Orange, It is thought the»enemy will not abide their coming, because our army teetwth P Grave William and the G?ave van ' Hovenloc/ aro 6,000 q and 2,000 horse. The enemy is but 4,000 ifl&niaar *nd 400 borm; aad also they have already sent some of their artillery to Uuweeei

$26 A.D.

FOEEIGtf PAPERS. 1582. in Friesland. And whereas it was thought that 4,000 Italians cle La Ligue Saincte went thither, it is thought they remain. beyond Louvain. On Friday night the garrisons of Lierre and Louvain came to ' Bonehout,' a castle by Lierre, where lay two French cornets; where they took away and killed 64 horses, 2 men, and hurt one captain. On Saturday morning Col. Morgan went to their ' reachwe,' but the enemy was gone very early, having burnt the ' base court' of the house. The Prince of Parma made a fort between Ypres and Meenen, as it were at onee to famish and besiege those two towns, but hearing that the French troops were afoot, he dislodged, to inarch towards Oambray; but the soldiers mutinying for want of pay, stay before Lille, suffering no victuals to enter the town until they have their pay of them. Of Don Antonio we have no other news than conies from England and France, all our Spanish and Portuguese merchants' letters being stayed by the French King as it is here said. But hisfactew here publishes victory in Antwerp 'State-house,' as also the taking of 13 of the ' Indian's ships,' with the ' parcels' of the prize. The report is that the Prince shortly goes to Holland, some say to prepare them and induce them to be French. But it is 'more common than certain.' Thus wishing you the accomplishment of your due felicity, I commit the same to the Heavenly phy sician .•—Antwerp, 16 September 1582. Add. Endd. 2Jj>p.

Sep. 17

338.

[Ibid. XVII. 15-1

ATJDLEY DANETT to WALSINGHAM.

My last was of the 16th inst. by the English post; since whieli we have no news from Guelderland. Some secret speech there is that the States of Utrecht are not well content that the wars in these parts are turned into their countries, whereby they are grown to be disunited in opinion, and in doubt which way to incline. Some thought the Prince should take a journey into Holland, or into . those parts, to help settle the people, and to bring the government there into some better terms. They f liked nothing well of the English when they were in service there, and mislike now more to haye the French. But it is not likely the Prince can be spared from hence, unless the occasion in Guelderland grow such ae cannot be settled without MB presence. It is certainly believed that the enemy has passed over the Bbine between Eminerick and Cologne, with 4 cornets of horse and 10 ensigns of foot to the aid of those who are besieging Lochem* If his forces fall out to be greater than ours, it is thought good rather to suffer the town to be lost than to put the whole strength* •assembled tor the country there, in any apparent hazard.

ELIZABETH.

829

A.D.1582.-

-

The French forces newly coming from France aic said to be strong about Oamhray, 3,500 Swiss, 12,000 French haripebusiers, and about 8,000 horse or better; besides M. de Puygailkrd, who keeps about the frontier for the defence of the country, with certain bands of' ordoimanees.' The Prince of Parma, with his whole force, is said to be gone towards those parts, with purpose to tight, as soon as the French shall attempt to enter those countries. The news of Bon Antonio has been diversely reported here; one day with him, and the nest clean contrary. It is now published tor a truth, which has been very lately sent hither from Queen Mother, that notwithstanding the death of Strozzi and the Constable ot Portugal, with the loss of four or- five ships in the first conflict, yet in the second fight, four days after the first, King Philip s fleet was wholly defeated, and Don Antonio remains master at the seas, bavins gained the Isles of Tercera and St. Michael., This news is constantly reported for true in the Court, but in the 'Burse httle believed. I doubt but you are ere this time made acquainted by OUT Merchants Adventurers of their purpose to remove- t h e i r W e o Middelburg in Zealand, mistrusting the safety of their goods and ' persons in this town; and it may be that our English soldieis finding their5 entertainment and usage to grow every day woise ' than other, will be as ready to repair home both the poorer folk, who are ready to starve, and.those of better calling who daily receive occasions of great discontentment, and 'more shall, j h e n the number of the French is increased; but it becomes not me o complain first, whom the matter touches least, therefore Iiefmn to trouble you further therein.—Antwerp, 17 September 1582, Add. Endd.

Sep. 17

339.

1% pp.

[Ibid, XVII. 16.]

COJBHAS to

Spam, whither it should seem they intend to go a f ^ England. They are desirous to. see her ^f%^ London, Signer Aragon is nigh of kindred « S ^ Battista di Trento, with whom he is to confer about the fallen to him in Tioensa, through the late d e a ^ °f brother. I beseech you that Pigafetta may transport at his return a gelding, ^ving f en He has written a book of his long voyage l Jixdea, which he desires her Majesty may see. Add. Sep. 17

340.

Endd, |i>.

{France VIIL 4S->

COBHAM to WA.T,SIN6HA3I

. There came to this Court r ^ late M. de Strozsri, who has brought

330 A.D.

FOKEIGN PAPEES. 1582. the ' army' was defeated by the Spaniards, and that the Marquis of ' Santa Crooe ! had ' judged ' all the French gentlemen to be beheaded, and all the others to be hanged, and those under the age of sixteen years to be sent to the galleys, as pirates and rovers entering into that war without the knowledge of the King of France, troubling the good amity between the French king and the Spanish, • impeaching' the traffic. The Marquis had ' appointed' M. de Strozzi to be drawn in pieces between four great boats with oars, if he had not died before the execution. And I am informed by good means that the Spanish king has sent order into Flanders that all the prisoners taken on the French side should be reserved to make a day de collatione Sta Johannk Baptista [sic]. 'So there is small

hope of redemption for M. de la Noue or any other. The army which goes 'for3 Flanders does not pass the river Somme until the 25th inst. The king has been somewhat indisposed of his _ health, and the queen hia wife much worse, so that now his return is not looked for till Oct. 10. M. de Chatillon and Merle are returned from Geneva, having left only three or four companies for the defence of the town. Having received the enclosed letter and notes of new impositions from the merchants of Bouen, according to their request I have thought it expedient to send the same to you, to be communicated, if you please, to her Majesty and the Lords of the Council. I receive daily complaints from them, and beseech you therefore that they may in some sort be relieved, since in the meantime, her Majesty, I suppose, receives detriment in her customs, and her merchants decay the more in their substance.—Paris, 17 September 1582. Add. Endd.

2 pp.

[Ibid. VIII. 44.]

Enclosed in the above: Sep. 18

341.

The PETITION of the MERCHANTS of BOUEN

We have emboldened ourselves to present to you' a view of the miserable and cruel extortions wherewith the English nation is at this day oppressed, without any relief or remedy. Wherein, though in respect of ourselves we deserve no such favour as that you should look thereupon considering to what trouble we have already put you* and the negligent pursuit which has been shown in a matter of such importance, yet it may please you, since our eause concerns in part the state of a commonwealth, to vouchsafe the reading of our complaints and procure some redress. Since we first addressed you concerning the impositions and other abuses wherewith we were afflicted, it seems to us now that they were then but straws in respect of those heavy burdens which have since then been laid upon our shoulders. Whether it be oi deliberate purpose to draw and pull from our nation more than from other strangers we eannot fully assure you, though it be very likely;

ELIZABETH. A.D.

8S1

158^. the impositions being raised upon no commodity but such as Englishmen bring into the realm or transport out again; but sure we are that our traffic in France at this present time is in greater bondage than the Indian with the Spaniard. It is no small grief to us that the English .nation is become a fable to them of this town, a very jest and scoff to every mean and inferior person, as if it were lawful for them to lay upon us what they like, and we bound to endure. We have written to the chief of the City oi London, we have shown that it is against the honour of the state to receive so many injuries, to bend our neeks under so many impositions without seeking redress or complaining to her Majesty's Council; but we fear that all is in vain, for we and our letters have been so ' coldly respected' with the greatest part of them, that there are a very small number which ' advance themselves' in the suit, preferring more their particular gain than a general utility. If we go about by law to withstand their exactions, very few will contribute to the charge. The wilfulness of some youths here in town, servants and apprentices, who under colour that they want commission from their masters have often been cause to break on our good beginnings, little regarding the excessive sums of m ° n e y which for want of foresight go out of their masters' purses, which would be saved by a small expense at the beginning [m]. Jivery man will be here a master, and by this means everything grows but of order; and worse is like to be if the Council by their authority do not bring them into order which are so ' disorderous. bince three weeks past we have had the greatest' imposition set upon us that ever vet was raised, namely, a ma * of' the Jrme upon ' drapery,' a thing only invented to ' pele' the English nation. In like manner a new • right' which they ' challenge' to be paid upon the entry of all kinds of oar woollen commodity, contrary to the king's edict; and for the establishing of it they ^ t p m goods, and < set them to sale/' hoping by force to obtain that whiehtoytow they cannot; of all which impositions we have sent you a.note herewith annexed. And notwithstanding that we as campetted bj necessity and for want of support are contented to yield offl M J B to the yoke and pay their demands, yet they mfceat us with such rigour In opening our packs and 'moyling' our cOTHuoditeJ that the one is no less grievous and < domageable' to us than the other. Now lastly, not eight days past, there has been a new edict| proclaimed, the greatest emotion that ever was heard, uponU»™*J; Lyons thread, and 'boulters,' the only three ^ « m 0 & f a none but Englishmen transport out of this realm, upon pay to the king the fifth pennyworth it cost. g Of all these impositions we have amply advised, merchants of London; where we thought it likewise JJ to advertise you, to whose protection we commend ourselves our rightful causes. And bemuse we fear that our comptante be ^slenderly respected by some or the P g f ^ ^ j merchants of London as they have been bewtotaj* according clemency-and for the cording to to your your accustomed accusto

nation, ntire.g ti & & whh44 wekknow you •tireWagdgj£, our cause in hand, and recommend it to the

332

FOEEIGN PAPEES.

A.D. 1 5 8 2 ;

Council, that by their authority those who are slow and dull in their country's welfare may be stirred up and compelled to show some part of their duty.—Kouen, 13 Sep. 1582. (Signed by) Thomas Moyser Thomas Higgona Thomas Becknes Robert Fisher W. Garton Eichard Stallinger Wm. English • Eobert Stacy Robert Smyth . Thomas Eyse P. Francghelin Eob. Eyvell Thomas Church James Grenhall Eeynold Grene. Augustine Skynner. Apjyended

is:—

A note of the impositions and taxes, raised upon English commodities, and upon such commodities as are transported out of France by Englishmen; as follows :— In the Reign of King Charles IX For a broad oloth1 . 3 0 sous, ' For keraeys and Manchester, per piece - 7ss. 64s. The like upon a northern dozen. For every 100 yards of Welsh cotton In the reign of King Henry now reigning. Infeneviscounty upon every. 100 of canvas more than accustomed . 2as. Gds. In the new impost upon ] 00 of canvas - 22ss, 6ds. The like npon a owt. of buckrams. For wo«d, each bag pays . . 30**. . . . . • Anno 1582. A duty invented for aealine; ' t o sav' for a broadcloth

-

-

.

.

.

IQSS

For a dozen gM_ ' For kerseys, Manchesters, Welsh cotton and Irish friezes . . _ . - 2ss a piece For Kendall oottons and'pyanwhites' - 1«,' The samo year a new rt e J1 imposition on Fpaper. Onfineandlarge^pep . . - 5a S . per'realme. Un pott and hand paper „ Sss On ooarie capp paper and copy paper . Is.'edi, Upon playing eards, the cwt -

,„,, , W

a

,

July 158S.

W

°

•" C b t h

WitMa

* B ' h a l 1 ' o t R 0 "™' P a y

a

so™ i p

Z L t tg e^,t,86!1re it WpOat ' ""a*** *« « b and spoil the Englishman h i o h W K w i r 0 m e ^ l f t t o t o w n d e m a n d s o * h i a o™ Authority aright.

™

ne el

6

? l m s *i»a upon the entry of our commodity

» & ? mti ly> ^ a ^ e s t e r otton, northern dozen, Bristol Mem, 5 sols P ad loth20s5 ^^ ° - U P O 1 1 1 0 0 Welsh cottons, 13M/ Upon a itio1 Terified

M6lial

' » ^ * « P« bale 9 /few, being the -Jto.BA.p-100.

e t e n d s fo e s t a b A l p i *miMn ' lish sworn brokers within +wl/V~" * 8 b e bought or sold by us strangers, that his farmers of custom and other officers shall have perfect wledge thereof._ To what end this is done, God knows; but we judge that it is for any good to as Englishmen,

ELIZABETH.

•

888

A.D.1582.

Now please further consider that among all these impositions before specified, we do not touch the new augmentations of customs upon goods inward 8 and outwards, being more than double as much as we paid before. _ Of all these exactions we beseech you to have a favourable consideration, and aiuee it is against both the honour of the realm and the league between her Majesty and the King of Prance, it may please you to advertise it to tlie Lords of the Council, that some remedy be provided, or at least that a general' defence' may be made for any merchant to traffic into France for the term of a year, which as we suppose would be the only salve to cure these sores.—Eouen, 13 Sep. 1582.

Sep. 17

Add. Endd. A pp.

[France VIII. 45.]

342,

Norn to WALSH? GHAM

MADAMM DE UA.

The assurance which we have of your friendship after all the proofs given to ftl. de la Noue and his, causes me to lose no opportunity of writing to you and imparting the news which we have of him. I wish they were better, both for hig satisfaction and ours, and also for the happiness which it would be to him on his deliverance to recognise by some good services all the favours and kindness which he has received from friends in his affliction, and among others . from you, who have always been remarkable as one of the most entire and well-disposed to his affairs. His health is as good as he can preserve it among all the ineommodities of his prison, which causes him continual headache with other indispositions. But what I more regret is to see him abandoned by those from whom he might have expected moat support in this extremity; and that instead of aiding him with such means as may present themselves to further his release, he is daily being deprived of such security as he had for his life in the persons of the prisoners who were assigned to him. But T hope always in God, that He will not leave him, but will raise up to him extraordinary means, since there is HO little hope from the side of men. I beg you to continue more and more the effects of your friendship toward him and believe that he promises himself more from you than from all his other friends, you will always find him ssnd his more disposed than others to serve you. The bearer is an honest man, and quite a friend of ours. Please gratify him where he needs your favour.—Paris, 17 Sept. 1582. P.8. {in a different lumd).—M. Geoffroy knows H. de la Fontaine the present bearer, who is one of our good friends. I beg you again, if he needs your favour, to show it him. AM. Endd. Ft: 1 p. [France V1IL 46.] Sep. XS

343.

COBHAM to WAI,SINGHAS

M. de Bellievre has brought the ting's accord and consent to Marshal Biron, and, as I am. informed, a commission to hiio tor the command of the army under the Prince Dauphin Ashim passes into

384

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D. 1582. Flanders. His Majesty has likewise given order that Puygaillard shall have especial charge in this army. He is • as sufficient a private gentleman as is in France. The king has been much moved with the cruel dealing used by the Marquia de ' Santa Croce' towards the French gentlemen in the Isle of St Michael, ' having' given some of them the torment, to make them confess that they came there with the king's commission. The king has been advertised of this by his ambassador, from Spain, who has signified the same by letter to Cardinal Birague and to others of the Council, so that they in this Court are very much moved with the outrageous and despiteful execution done on the French ' after victory had.' Which violent manner of the Marquis ' St. Croce' proceeding has stirred up Duke Joyeuse to offer himself as Admiral of Franco to go as general in the new,fleet meant to be prepared against the Spaniards, and the Duke d' Epemon shows to have the like- desire. But it is for the present resolved, as I am informed, that the young Count of, Brissac shall go for admiral of the fleet, who will be accompanied by good captains for that purpose, if the preparations proceed. The Duke of Mercrour is departed towards Lorraine, but I do not understand to what purpose. Duke Montpenaier is now, they say, contented to let him have the government of Britanny, on the conditions first accorded, and upon the king's late requiring it. The king has sent throughout his realm, into every province, one of his Privy Council, with a Master of Bequests and a treasurer, to understand the disorder used in the levying of the impositions and to know what remedy might be given therein. He has done this to give some satisfaction to his people. It in certified me for a truth that the couriers and merchants pass as safely and ordinarily from Calais to the Prince of Parma as they did in time of peace; whereon men judge that he has very good intelligence with M. de Orourdan. Great store of money is passing by way of Lyons hither, and from hence it is conveyed in packs of merchandize directed to John ' CJhuelchier,' a Spanish merchant at Calais, who sends it to Gravelines. I have not informed Monsieur's agent of thiB as I have done heretofore—through which advertisements of mine they have taken both men and sundry sums of money, which have served them to great effect—finding little acknowledgement from hia Highness since my_ coming to this service. But I rather hear tell of his indisposition towards me. The king has assigned to Monsieur of late, for the better furnishing oi his army, 250,000 crowns; having commanded that all assignations and payments shall be stayed until this sum be disbursed to the Queen Mother. It may be that part of it will be employed for setting, forth the ' army by sea ' to aid Don Antonio. The secretary of M. Strozzi who came ' now' from the' Tarzeres' declares that there were but four ships that fought with the enemy, and six in all, taken. He left at Tercera 80 ships with 2,500 French

•: A.D.

ELIZABETH.

SS5

1582, soldiers. Since the fight, M. de Salute-Boleine, after retiring to Tereera, would have stolen away from thence, but that Don Antonio, by shooting two cannons against his vessels, stayed him. Such has been the disorderly dealing of the French in Don Antonio's cause hitherto. I hear that the 'practice' of marriage for the Duke of Savoy to the Duke of Lorraine's daughter is renewed again, and that the duke will send hither a person of quality to deal in that and other causes with their Majesties. The agent of Spain delivered to Mr Fentley {Fentre), the Bishop of G-lasgow's nephew, the other day 2,500 crowns, which is to serve in part payment of two Heottiah gentlemen's pensions from King Philip. One of them I understand to be ' Fanhurst,' but the other's name I have not yet learned. The abovesaid Fentley gives out that her Majesty has been the cause of the ' late succeeded alteration ' in Scotland, 'pretending' thereby to get the Scottish king into her hands; and says further, he trusted those noblemen who have shown themselves enemies to d'Aubigny will have the lite payment that Morton had, which will happen to them sooner than they look for, —Paris, 18 September 1582. Add. and Endt, gone. 3 J ^ J J .

Sep.

18

344.

[l&ance VIII. 47.]

COBHAIK' to WALSINGHAM

I have used all the means I could towards their Majesties on behalf of this bearer, Walter Cassye, and finding no present relief for his case, nor restitution to be had, I wished him to prove what further favour he may procure in England through yom* means. Notwithstanding, I have again got him the king's letters to d'Armeville and to M. de ' Sinagonia ' [qy. Sigoigne}/which I wish may in any sort ' prevail' him. Thus I ' betake' into your consideration this poor man's afflictions.—Paris, 18 Sep. 1582. Holograph. Add, JCndd. §&>. ilbid. Till. 48.] Sep. 21

345.

MAKXIN COUOHF, to WALSINGHAIT

Since the last service at Ghent, my case has been such by means of a grievous hurt, at that instant being shot in the wrist of the left hand; howbeit [sic] I could not certify you of that service as by duty I was bound to do. In respect whereof I humbly beg your pardon, although the time being somewhat far past, under your good liking I herewith certify you of the whole discourse, being myself there from the beginning to the end. • Capt, Williams, who rests and acknowledges himself always ready at your command, perceiving me to be one of the number of yours, has proffered me in my extremity great courtesy; to whom I am debtor. " Thus evermore desiring to continue as one of yours, always ' aspecting' your further commandment to be employed at your direction, with my daily prayer to the Almighty for the * loaunge'

. 'JPOBEIG-N PAPEBS. A.D.1582.

•

•

preservation of your honour, "with increase of the same, Amen." —Antwerp, 21 September 1582. Add. Endd. %p. [Holl.antlFl.XVII.il.'] Sep. 21

346.

The

DUKE of ANJOTJ to

I cannot hut remain much obliged for all the-good offices you continue to do for me with the Queen. I am sure that it is due to the assurance you have of my devoted affection towards her service, believing, as is the case, that I am as careful and jealous for her greatness, and even more so, as for my own. I pray you always to have this opinion of me, and to have me always borne in mind in her good graces, which I desire like the continuance of my own life, dedicated to whatever she may please to order. Le Charetier, the present bearer, will tell you my news more particularly, to whose sufficiency I refer myself.—Antwerp, 21 September. Holofp-aph. Add. Endd. Fr.. 1 p. {Ibid. XVII. 18.] Sep.

22

347.

PIBTEO BIZABHI to WALSINGHAM

Here we are from day to day expecting some result of something happened at Loehem. It is understood for a certainty that the enemy undor Haultepenne and Count Charles Mansfeld have erossed the Bln'ne in the duchy of Oleves, at a place called 'Beech,' near a town called ' Santo' or ' Santum' [Xanten], on the opposite side to Emmerich and Weselj places belonging to the same prince. I do not think that in the whole length of the Bhine there is a spot more opportune and convenient than this whether for wagons, or horses, and other kinds of field-baggage. Some say that the duke's servants have provided them with ai-tiSery and other things necessary in order that they might make the passage securely and without impediment. M his Highness's people have been able to raise the siege before their arrival, it would he much to the purpose ,• but if it be otherwise, one must believe they -will not lack much trouble, the enemy being lusty, and proceeding with good military discipline and order, and having good chiefs, which two things import most highly to the attainment of victory. Nmv please God the first news may be good, and bring us some comfort. Among the others wounded before Ghent were Ferrante Gonzaga and 2orzi Spinola, who-with many others have retired to Oudeuarde. The Prince of Parma having sent his own physician, called Dr Hipolito, to cure them, he found on arriving there that Gonzaga had already passed to the other life. After doing his duty by the others, when returning to his prince, he wag taken by the way and brought to Antwerp, with an apothecary and two surgeons, from whom they will doubtless have learnt many secrets of the enemy's camp. From Italy it is written that the Eing of Spain had caused to be paid up (? rimetter) in Lyons, Borne, and other places, by way of

• ELIZABETH. A.P.1582.

837

'

.

exchange, ahout 600,000 crowns to be employed on the war in Flanders; that the new Italian troops destined for Spain have been brought from Sicily to Genoa, and thence are to take their journey for theae,countries; that in Constantinople there was lately a notable conflagration of 8,000 houses,- that from the camp they had the progress of the war, to the" effect that the Persian had now recovered the whole Reg-no Serrano [qy. Azerbijan] and that they were besieging ' Typhis' [Trflie], a very important place; that the most part of the reinforcements sent from Constantinople were dead by the way through many diseases and the length of the journey, BO that the Grand Signior was in great trouble, but they did not therefore fail to make new provisions; that the Xing of France had made a new league with the Swiss to ids much satisfaction. Concerning the French camp, of which so much has been talked and written, it hopes now to join all together, and he ready to do some enterprise. Nothing else occurs to me at present, and I commend myself to you. The Persian work, by the grace of God (la Dio gratia), has begun today to he printed, to my great content, since I have often despaired of finishing it.—Antwerp, 22 Bep. 1582. Add. Sep. 23

348.

Endd. 7tal. 3 pp.

[Ibid. XVII. 19.]

COBHAH to

I am very loth to let any messenger go without writing to you such things as pass and are understood in this Court, supposing that it will not he displeasing to her Majesty. Howbeit there falls out little worthy of an express messenger, for through the absence of the king, all causes are ' dealt in very staggeringly,' as for the going forward of Marshal Biron; who although he shows to be willing to take the charge of the camp prepared for Slanders by the Prince Dauphin, yet there appears again something which ' overth warfe' his proceeding forwards. So it seems that in these French enterprises there is nothing more certain than their uncertainty ; whereof they lament among themselves. Last week the Spanish agent's courier was watched by two or three horsemen belonging to Monsieur; who overtook him at tiio next post to Paris; and took away all his letters, of wbieh the agent has complained to the Queen Mother. M. Gondi brought Mm answer from her that she would give him good satisfaction when she could discover the parties. It is understood that besides the agent's dispatch there was a great paekei; of Cardinal OranveUe's, which it is supposed will show some matter of importance. The ambassador of Savoy has complained to the Queen Mother that a regiment of M. de la Monon (?), levied in 3>aupMn63 had done great harm and omen outrage in Savoy. To which complaint she answered that the regiment had committed the like m France, and she knew not how to remedy it at present. The French, ambassador resident at the Court of Spain has advertised the Queen Mother how the (MfaoJic Mag has eommitled

838

•

FOBEIGN PAPEBS.

A.D.1582.

to Cardinal Borromeo the 'treating in ' the marriage.of his second daughter with the Duke of Savoy. Howbeit there are who know the Spanish king's humour, and somewhat of the Spanish affairs, who think the king will not so easily or -willingly give ' to' marriage . any of those two daughters, except to some of the House of Austria. Notwithstanding, they signify the Spanish king will compound -with the Duke of Mantua for the Marquisate of Monferrat, which he offers to give the Duke of Savoy 'in marriage' with his daughter. This Mng has lately sent M. de Paulmier to dissuade the Duke of Savoy from the marriage with the daughter of Spain; dealing further with In'm for Ms amity by means of Lavalette, Governor of Saluces, who is shortly looked for here. Camille Fera is sent by the Queen Mother to the Duke of Mantua, to treat in the composition of the differences between him and his brother the Duke of Nevers. TTnder colour of this, he is to deal underhand for the marriage of the Princess of Lorraine with the l'rince of Mantua, in case he repudiates his late-married spouse the daughter of Parma. There is good hope the Duke of Ferrara will be content to lend to the Duke of Brabant 200,000 crowns upon the ' caution' of the Queen Mother and the President de Thou; which others are to deliver and assure to the Duke-. It passes through the hands of Hannibal Milano, the Duke of Ferrara's factor in this realm. Their Majesties have sent to the controllers and officers of the storehouses and artillery of Provence, Languedoc, Dauphin^ and Saluces, to know what order is observed there in keeping their great artillery and warlike munitions ; with command they should . be ' assured to have ' store of the one and the other. Further their Majesties have appointed there should be 'foundered' for the furnishing of Marseilles and Provence 50 cannons, and 15 for • Langaedoc; 10 for Dauphine, 10 for Saluces, and 12 for Lyonnois; which will serve in ' hie' of those taken out of those places. M. de Hautefort, brother to Bellievre, and M. de Mandelot are returned from Switzerland, having left M. de Fleury to treat on the agreement between the duke of Savoy, the Swiss, and those oi Geneva, at the Diet which is to be begun the last day of this month at Fribourg. It ia understood that M. de Puygaillard is about Pierrepont with 15 companies of men at arms and 2,000 harqnebusiers, guarding the frontiers. Most of the. captains belonging to the French army are with the Prince Dauphin at Bretem'l beside Amiens, saving those that are coming out of Dauphrn.6, who are not as yet so far advanced. This camp, as they say here, wants 'conductors under' and money, and ate well advised not to pass the. Somme till they are better appointeeThe Queen Mother makes account to have fifteen principal good Freneb ships afcout the coast of Nantes and Rochelle, besides the ten she looks for from Flanders.

ELIZABETH.

339

X.D. 1582.

The king under colour of sending one of MB Privy Council with a Master of Requests and a, treasurer into every province of the realm, to understand the grievances of his people about the impositions^ with a show as if he meant to seek -ways to give them some ease, has willed the above said personages to prepare the minds of the citizens to grantitim a loan of 4,000,000,which he would levy on them: There are ladies in this Court who have received letters from Italy certifying that the Princess of Parma has been lately cut' again; which is not found to prevail to such purpose as to make the marriage available with hope of succession. It is understood in this Court that the Biahops of Glasgow and Boss practised the betraying of Lierre; which being known to the Queen Mother she has dealt very earnestly as I am informed with the Cardinal of Bourbon to send the Bishop oi Ross from Botien, notwithstanding the Pope's nuncio ; interests' for the bishop's staying there. _ The agent of Spain give8 out that Count Vimioao during the little time he lived after his taking made a'large' declaration to the Marquis of Santa Cruz his cousin of the course Dou Antonio had taken in. France. The Spanish king, as it is signified, has willed his agent here to in treat their Majesties that Saleedo may not sailer for service done to him. If it should happen, it might, he said, give occasion to the Prince of Parma to put to death the Viscount of Turenne and M. la Noue. So they judge here now Salcedo will not die for any act intended against Monsieur, but for other offences committed against the laws, as falsifying coin and such like. The King of Navarre has brought M, de. Belgard, the Duke of Savoy's ambassador, to Pan, where he has seen and conferred with the Prineess of Navarre. Being ' motioned ' by JBelgard in matter of religion, she signified that she would be loth to match with the greatest prince of Christendom to alter her profession in religion, wherein she determined to remain constant. Since which M. de Belgard ha» returned to the duke his master. ' The King of Navarre has been troubled with a rheum, so that he was constrained for eertain days to keep a diet at Pan; but he is amended 6£ his indisposition. The Prince of Conde" is gone into Languedoe fo^ confer •with Marshal Montmorency and others, as I have written in iny former letters, because the King of Navarre could not go himself. Two Franciscan friars have been made bishops at Borne, as I hear, and eome hither with intention to 'retire' by stealth into Ireland. It is given me to understand, that Secretary' Moro,' the cHef Portuguese secretary to King Philip, is m entire Mend to Cavaliere Giraldi, by whose means he has ' reeoveisd ' a promise of tie Mug to be paid all the sums due to iiim

340 A.D.

.

FOBEIGN PAPERS.

1582. News is come to this Court today that Duke Montpensier is very eick and like to die. The Queen of Navarre is out of hope for the present to be big •with child, finding the disposition of her body to the contrary. The king has granted to the Prince of Oonde assignations of 60,000 crowns upon the profits arising on the ' salts' in Langnedoc, for pensions and payments due to him. The Queen Mother has been today to Saini-G-emiain-en-Laye, to see that the king's lodging is well' accommodated.' Howbeit it is doubted that his weakness will not suffer him to move so soon from the place he is at, beeanse after he lately came from his baths he continued fainting and in great feebleness during one or two days, being still troubled with the rheum and denuxion of his head. He had one or two of his teeth ' plucked forth' during his being at the baths; and his young queen remains in very weak state. It is given me to understand that the windows at Boig de Yincennes where Salcedo is imprisoned will be 'mured ' up. I send you herewith the computation of the forces the Prince of Parma has under him, both foot and horse [See No, 828]; although I may think the-same has come to your hands otherwise more amply and clearly Bet down. Upon the occasion of the earnest- complaints I lately made to the Queen Mother against d'Armeville for the piracy committed by him on ^ Walter Gassie, M. Piuart has sent me an extract of M. Meilleraye'a letter to the king, wherein you may see specified the complaints made against Englishmen for depredations. I enelose the occurrents from sundry places.—Paris, 23 September 1582. • Add. Endd. 4J pp.

Sep. 23

349.

[France VIII. 49.]

STOKES to WALBINGHAM

My last to you was the 16th inst. Since it has been very still, and few speeches stirring but those that follow. Last week at Arras there was a general meeting of the States of Artois and Hainault, and there the Prince of Parma made two demands. The first was, to take in a garrison of Spaniards into every town; the second, to give the fifth part of all their lands, goods, and merchandise. For answer hereto they ' desired day' until the 24th inst. But it is thought and greatly feared that by persuasions many of the towns will yield to it. After these demands were known among the commons, it made them use very hard speeches against them that were the cause that the Spaniards are brought in again; which is too late, for the Spaniards are and will be their masters. This week the Spaniards came to Poperinghe, and there they killed and hanged as many of the magistrates of that town as they

ELIZABETH. AJ>.

343

1582. could find, and besides they killed about threescore of the burghers. The rest ran away, or they had been all slain. This hard dealing is strange to all. men, for this village [sic] was ever a better friend to the enemy than to this side, and now they are rewarded with this cruelty of the Spaniards. It is written from Lille that the Baron ' de Dobignie ' and M. de ' G-oanye,' with divers other gentlemen of the Malcontents, have retired to their houses, and will serve no longer. They also write of 3,000 Spaniards more, oome very lately to Luxemburg, which is more than they looked for, so that tbe coming of so many Spaniards makes them of the enemy's side greatly to mislike the matter. Those of Bapaume by ' sur prims' had almost taken a French frontier town called Corbie. But to cover the matter, because it is missed, they write that the Prince of Parma shows himself very angry with it. This week there was a very great skirmish between those of Meenen and the enemy ' that is a making' the * bullwarke' at Hallewyn; at which those of Meenen took a little place with two pieces of artillery, that the enemy ' kept.' But it cost the lives of many on both'sides. . They also write from Meenen, by the confessions of their prisoners, that a great part of Monsieur's forces are come along the frontiers and have ( made courses ' into Artois and Hainault, and burnt many of their villages; and that the rest of his forces is looked for any day. The French king has made proclamation at Calais that no stranger shall dwell on his frontiers, nor on the coast; by which means all the fugitives of these parts are forced to depart out oi Calais and thereabouts. But by the proclamation they are licensed to dwell at Paris, Orleans, or Bouen.—Bruges, 23 September 1582. Add. Etidd. 2Jsp. [Eoll.amlFl.XVILW.} 23

'

350..

THOMAS DOYLEY to WAI.BIN&HAII

I wrote, in my letter sent by your servant Charles, of about Lochem, since when Haultepemie with 5 eomet* £ 10 companies of infantry, has passed the liver of *&» Emerichand Wesel, notwithstanding three ships of war ^ p to hinder their passage; for planting two V™*f fjff f TiZ theriver side, he scared them away Also 8,000.Itabam,to U Lpm SaincU' compassed' by Buremonde to go into tetta being dated 11 September, the ©aseons could not be iherfi by ttw

342

••

,

EOKElG-K PAPERS.

A.D. 1582.

writing of it. Tlie Portugal news w"e hear as a chameleon, changing daily ponr amadouer cmx qui sent en bransle, to win with fables the populace to their contributions. . Last week the Queen Mother wrote thai Don Antonio was defeated, Strozzi and the Constable of Portugal beheaded, and the king fied to the Isles of Terceras. Since, a ship of St. Jtfalo in Britanny, who is said to have been at the conflict, affirms that to be true, but that Don Antonio, regathering his forces with the help of those of the Terceras and St. Michael's, has utterly defeated the Spanish navy, setting on them a Vimproviste. With the like 'ruze,' bringing the Portugal facUwr with his plausible news into the ' State house,' they got their last contribution ; but it is but a ticklish and broken estate that is so supported with fables, Les Frangoys se coulent dans ccyays id, nonpas en grand troupes; the Prince of Parma towards Cambray, expecting the French, and our infantry at Borgerhout as before.—23 Sept. 1582. Add. Endd. I p. Bep. 34

{Roll, and Fl. XVII. 21.']

3 5 1 . PETITION of certain citizens of Hamburg to the CONSULS and SENATE

As you will remember,, our Captain Bernhard Bust of this city, having freighted a ship belonging to us with goods, to wit, woollen ami linen cloths, Hamburg, Lubeck and Luneburg b.eer, wrought silver, honey, mead, various ironware, clothes, overclothing, shirts, and other merchandise of that sort such as it has been from of old customary to export from Hamburg to Iceland, and being by our orders about to .sail for Iceland, there to exchange goods in the way •of trade, and ladmg hia ship with goods-useful to this state to bring them over to Hamburg, was attacked by the Englishmen who at that toe infested the sea and had two ships fitted out for piracy by Hemy Backford, nobleman, of England, and miserably stripped oi His goods, which were carried off to England and there after the manner of pirates divided by the robbers among themselves. This robbery, perpetrated as it was against all law and right, befell to our great harm and loss, and seemed all the more unfair because it was undertaken, quite undeservedly as regarded us, at a time when there was no hostility between this state and the flourishing realm of England nor any the slightest causes of offence to give occasion for such spoiling of our goods, Now whereas this unworthy action, whereby we have lost our property, seems to us intolerable, we judged that it would be right tor Uh to avenge by way of law the unworthiness of the act and the damage to ourselves involved in it, and sought restitution through fhl 3 6 r f *} **?; £ni dfrough ™ brought an action against the robbers before the Privy Council (coram Senatu Regie) hoping that they would be punished made to indemnify us for our 8tO 4 0 m t o ,andLube

I t f y T tTh e f2

S?!f \

¥

-

^

<& money, yet it has eome

P r o c , m s f a n a t l 0 1 1 {vrotdatiom) of the other side and the J

?aI£inJeilted>

that & e e

^ e *«», to our vexj great

, dragged on to this day, so that we have nearly abandoned all

ELIZABETH. A.D.

343

1582. hope of restitution. And, since we omitted nothing that could conduce to the restitution of our plundered goods, there fell out at length very opportunely for us the arrival in this city of Lord Willoughby d'Eresby, the Queen of England's ambassador to the King of Denmark, after the completion of his embassy; upon which occasion we approached him through Dr Wilhelm Holler, a Syndic of this State, and Joltann Sehulten, Licentiate in Law, and ,of the Council, thereto deputed by yoar * Prudences,' and after stating the facts, begged that by his aid we might obtain what for many years' we had been seeling at law. To which our petition in his kindness he offered his assistance in this matter and dismissed ' your deputies benignly, for which we gave him our best possible thanks. Therefore, seeing that his promise has given us good hope of the restitution of our goods, we beg you to grant us letters promotory or commendatory to him, that by bis authority the administration of the law may be hastened, the subterfuges of the other party set aside, and we obtain what we have sought by course of law. If this is done, as after the ambassador's kind - promise we feel sure it will be, we will proclaim this great kindness to all men, and keep it fixed in our memory.—'24 September 1582. (Signed) G-erhard Winsman, Peter Lange, Hermann -Reineken, Gerhard Epphig, Johann Willers, Wilkin van Duten, Johann Severin, Heinrich Kremer, Jodocus Burke. Copy. Add. Endd.t The complaint of certain merchants . of Hamburgh against Mr Sackford. Latin. 4 jyp. [Hamse Toiais X. 70.]/

Sep. 26

352.

OOBHAM to WALSINGHAM

I have received a letter from M. de Foix dated ia Borne the 3rd inst. in which he writes that he had been certainly informed the day before that the bark Reynolds was set at liberty by order from the Pope, and also another English ship which had likewise been detained at Malta, He further certified that Shute was gone to Naples about his affairs, intending shortly to return this way. I shall not fail ' but' presently to deal in the cause of the agent for the merchants trading to Constantinople, though perhaps I may not so speedily deal therein because the king and M. Pmarf are both absent; but in my nest I will advertise you what answer I receive, I intend, if you, please, to continue some intelligence by with M. de Poix, and mean to write in favoar of Mr lli Agliotiby, at present prisoner in Borne, being a right worthy honest gentleman of my long acquaintance. I have' presently' received letters directed to you from M. *La Chappelle Ursino,' enclosed herewith. His request %s to have some greyhounds to send to the Cardinal de Mediae, whose letter this gentieman showed me. I have also been requested by one la Chapelle to send Ms letter directed to h& Majesty; wherein he offers to serve he* if sne

PAPERS. A.D.

1582. please. His manner of play on the virginals and cunning in music , is known to her, as I understand from him, since his being in England. Mr Parry, whom you recommended to me, departed yesterday towards Lyons. I think I have forgotten to advertise you in my former letters how it is understood that Bernese make some difficulty to admit into their association the'five little Cantons, because they have given aid to the Duke of Savoy. As I had written thus much and "-was making up the packet, Mr Charles Paget sent me a letter which I send herewith. I could not accomplish his request because my nephew was ready to depart. Letters are come from Home certifying that for five and sis days together there were libels and pasquils set up on the corners of the streets, prejudicing the name and ' valeur' of the French king. M. de Foix complaining of this received small show of redress. Some of these paaquils are sent to the king, wherewith he is highly moved to indignation. He intends to depart from Moulins if his health will permit him, to be at Saint-Germain-en-Laye about Oct. 9 or 10. His Majesty still continues his diet and physic, because his ' appostumacion' has broken out in two or three places of his head. The Queen Mother has understood that 'la Charretiere' has passed by, sent .by Monsieur to the King of Navarre, without having seen her; wherewith she is somewhat displeased, and as I am informed, said: "Gharretier is a person not very agreeable to tie King of Navarre." It was resolved yesterday that Marshal Biron shall, go to conduct the army into Flanders, and further provision be made of money both for him and to be sent to "Monsieur. I have just been informed that in the Spanish agent's house it is understood that a town in Flanders has been surrendered to the prince of Parma by composition and corruption. . I send you herewith the discourse of the action and battle at sea between the Spaniards and the French, which when you have read, I beseech you it may be restored to me to serve for my own use and remembrance. _ The I)uke of Montpensder is extremely sick, but not deceased as ( it was informed me/ His wife is gone to him in haste and the Prince Dauphin has likewise repaired to his father.—Paris, 26 September 1582. Add. Endd. by Wakingkam, 2ipj>.

\Frmtce VIII. 50.]

Enclosed in the above :— 353.

An ACCOUNT of the S S O ' DHPEAT

BATTLE in

the

AZOBES,

and

On June 16S1582, the French ' army by sea' raised for the affairs the Kingdom of Portugal, set sail from Belleisle; wherein,

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582.

345

• according to the intention of the King of Franees the general command was held by Don Antonio, King of Portugal, to whom power to do this hadheen given by their Majesties, with command to MM. de Strozzi and de Brissac to reeeive and obey the Mug, embarking in that fleet. The king embarked in the ship of M. de Strozjii, admiral of the same, making direct for ' the Azores, and finding the weather sufficiently contrary. A hundred leagues from those islands was captured a little caravel, from Madeira and Bt Michael's for Lisbon, in which were found sundry advices from St Michael's, by which they learnt the state of affairs there, the fear they •were in of the French force, their governor and general very ill—lie died afterwards,—the desire and devotion of the people to receive their prince, the French garrison which was being brought them, the likelihood there was of capturing or destroying eleven ships of war which were off the fort, to weaken the enemy and strengthen themselves in proportion.

x\ll which points being considered, and also in order to force the enemy before he received his succours, it was decided to go straight to St Michael's, although the resolve had been to go to Tereera • to get speeeh (prendre, lanc/ue) and have news of the enemy, in what numbers he was and if his reinforcements had arrived. On this decision the fleet sailed for St Michael's, and only one bai\k (aviso) was sent to Tereera to give advertisement of the array, and to cause M. du Landereau and the English captains whose fillips were there to join. The bark brought back word that M. de Landereau and the English were at sea with their vessels. The — of July the fleet arrived at St Michael's, where it stayed some time in the offing (? cm long de terre) for all to assemble, find an anchorage, and at the same time decide -whether to attack the force below the fort before landing. To this end MM. de Strozzi and Brissac, and other captains of land and sea forces, got into launches to reconnoitre the place where those vessels were anchored, and the land defences. They found that they were so near the fort, wbieh commanded them, and was furnished with man^ good pieces of artillery, that it was impossible, without very evident loss, to go and fight them under the fort. When they had landed they would consider some other method. On the 16th of the same month, it was decided to land, and men to the number of 1200 or 1500 were put ashore that day. Landing was very troublesome, the sea being high, so that the greater part of the boats which took the men were smashed and lost on the rocks of the coast. Count Brissae led the landing (? donna a la descent*) with a portion of his companies; M. de Buz with 50 men from each company of his regiment; then M. de Strosasi aadthe Constable aceompamed by Captain Boris and a troop of barquebiisiers, who followed m support. M. de Saarfe-SdLeiae also brought somefloj&ani
346 A.J>.

FOREIGN PAPEES. 1582.

' " . ' the soldiers falling on with such courage routed a great quantity of men •who came up from all directions. The Spaniards retired into the great fort, and into another which they had built close to the sea at a landing-place; so that all that could be done for that evening, .seeing that many soldiers had been knocked about (haraeda) and had got wet in landing, was to take up quarters in a neighbouring village, to rest and refresh the men. And forasmuch as the great ships could not anchor nor come near the shore, MM. de Strozzi and de Brissac and other chiefs begged the King of Portugal to embark in a French launch, and anchor close ashore, so that he could more easily be advertised how things were going, and that they might receive his orders from hour to hour, until they had some place of security ashore for his person. On the 17th the advance was sounded, all the companies marching in order, to take up a position • nearer the enemy. The troops covered a distance of 6 French leagues in the heat of the day, always among mountains, without finding even water, which they moat longed for. Once indeed it was decided to go and lodge in the city; however, fearing lest it should be pillaged by the soldiers, and not wishing to give the Portuguese any reason to complain of the French, they would not do it. One league from the rendezvous the companies were halted, to let Captain Borda, the quartermaster-general, have the quarters prepared. When they began to march the Spaniards from the fortress, which was near, made a sortie with 500 to 600 men, who came to the skirmish very.well. Both sides were quickly engaged, and the enemy beaten off in such style that they were compelled to retire. They lost many men, and some arms were left on the field. Their governor and two of their principal officers were killed there, with quite 60 men. On the French side Captains Boquemoret and Bauvat received sword-wounds, of which Eoquemorefc died nest day; besides 10 or 12 'soldiers. The same day they lodged at Lagrime, a league from the city and fort, whither came Portuguese from all directions, with white banners. Next day, the 18th, arrived at Lagrime one of the older inhabitants of the city, sent on behalf of the town to M. de Strozzi to let him know the goodwill they all had to receive their prince, and that they would employ all they had in his service. They gave him to understand that all the Castilians and Biseayans had retired into the forfc with a great store of provisions, and that there might, one with another, be in the fort about 1,200 menIt was then deeided that they should go and take up their quarters as close to the eitj; as possible, but that only some companies should be lodged in it, to guard it; and that officers should be commissioned to keep the soldiers in hand and cheek pillage and any injury to the inhabitants. At once were sent the — - —TOth.—— men, who took up their quarters near the fort, and made some barricades to hinder the enemy's Borties; of which they mads several, but were always beaten back.

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1582. The same day the King of Portugal came to lodge with the army, whither from all sides the inhabitants and officials of the island came to see him, bringing in tokens of obedience all their banners, and offering their keys, and all that was in their power. He thanked them, with all promises and assurances of good treatment to be hoped from him. He aaked only for victuals for the French, which they promised to see. to. Afterwards a party was sent to reconnoitre the fort, and see what means there was of. forcing it, and what resistance they could make. It being found impossible to force it without cannon, and that it was strong enough to stand ten or twelve hundred shots, it was resolved to land the artillery to batter it. Also before h.esieging it, it was neeessary to get provisions from the ships, awaitingthe preparation of the munitions; the soldiers having suffered much in regard to victuals since their landing. During this time an aviso was captured in Villafranea, in which was a Spanish captain and a company. It had been sent by the Marquis of Santa Cruz, with advices of his fleet. Among other letters and memoranda taken were found some dispatches from the King of Spain to the Marquis of Santa Cruz, that he was to take no other route than that by St. Michael's, that he might join Pedro Pisotto's force which was there, and await another armada of 17 great ships and 12 galleys which was starting from Seville, and that he wasQ then to safeguard the fleets whieh were to pass hi lat. 87°, 38 ,and up to 40°, and that he might then go to Tereera; but forbade him to fight the French fleet until he had all his forces joined. Wishing upon this to prevent the enemy from being reinforced • by the ships that were under the fort, there were summoned M. de Beaumont, who bad remained on board, Captain < Oaugmgan,' ' Nepvivelle,' and other ships' captains, to see what means there was of destroying, taking, or burning these vessels. _ They all , promised on the following night to do some enterprise to that effect. Eour rowing boats were equipped and sent lay M. de, Beaumont, f Cauquigny,' ' Nepiville,' and Ma,ucomblo ; who found the ships lost on trie coast, exeept four Biseayans, which they took and brought off, notwithstanding all the shots that were fired at them from the fort. These vessels were supplied with both victuals arid warlike stores, with artillery. Having advice of the'arrival of the fleet of the Marquis of Santa Cruz, which was close at hand, both through, the bark taken©? Villafranea, and from others which had come from thence, they decided to put off (tem-poriser) yet tide day landing the guns, meanwhile they could lodge in the city and round ^ the fort, could summon the fort to surrender, and put the place into the iiffig oi Portugal's hands. The 18th [sic] of July, the Marquis's fleet appeared near the island, and came past YiJlabsnca, being of 34 to SB sail. j » 7 or 8 great gallions of 500, 800, and 700 tons; others of. 400, W0, and 200, and a number of 20 (?).

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A.D. 1682.

A council was held to consider if a certain number of men could be left on shore, and if they eould put to sea with "the rest to fight this fleet. It- was decided that the French force was not enough to perform two such tasks, and that they must all reimhark and make an effort to beat the enemy before he were stronger. It was carried out promptly and without disorder or confusion. M. de Buz was left in the eity with 400 harquebusiers to cover the retreat, in which not one man was lost. As soon as all were o-n board the fleet weighed anchor, in the resolve to go and fight the enemy, who nevertheless was to windward. However, next day the French fleet found that it had the wind, because this had changed; and aince it had blown hard, their vessels were a good deal scattered, and it was late before they were reassembled. This caused the action to be put off till the next day, and in the evening MM. de Strozzi and de Brissac went in a boat to reconnoitre the enemy's fleet from very close. On Tuesday, July 24th, M. de Strozzi went on board one of his launches as he did every day, to go and speak to all the captains of the troops and of the ships, and inform them of thenduties. He bade them not to scatter, but keep near him; that he had desired to attack and fight the Castilians' fleet; that this was the day and the occasion when they must make a good show of their duty and friendship they bore to their prince, and preserve the reputation of France; that ii all fell on with a good affection, with the just cause they were defending, they might by God's will expect nothing but a good and prosperous issue. This they all promised to do. Then M. de Strozzi returned to his own ship to prepare for • fighting and laying the enemy aboard; to whom finding himself near, seeing the greater part of the vessels in their fleet arriving, and he in the hulk, the heaviest vessel and worst sailer in it, and that Count Brissac, M. de Beaumont, and others who had gone forward and were beginning tofightwith cannon-shots, were hauling their wind (?) to retire, M. de Strozzi was compelled to do the like, seeing himself ao badly supported. The night of July 24 there was a great storm, and M. de Bus's ship carried away her masts, and the ship was consequently lost the next day with two-thirds of her company, soldiers and sailors alike, drowned. The rest of the vessels in the fleet were much scattered by this storm, in suchwise that M. de Strozzi found himself to leeward (? avant le vent) of all the enemy's fleet, which had preserved itself very well that night. He was accompanied only by the Cotint of Brissac and two or three other ships. The enemy's force, seeing our company so small, bore down with intent to give battle; but MM. de Strozzi and de Brissae closed on each other quickly, which caused the Castilian force to retire, and for that time nothing more happened. In the evening of the 25th Count Brisaac, accompanied by Hde la Fariere and Capt. Pellicart visited M. de Strozzi on board his flagship to consider what cotdd or should be done the next dayA council was at once held, at which were present on behali of M. de btrozai, Count Vimioso, M. de Chataigtteraye, and Cap*. Borda; and oii behalf of Count Brissac, those above-named. la this council the plan of battle was drawn up for attacking the enemy-

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849

1582. Now, inasmuch as in the past on several occasions those- to whom M. de Btroazi has sent orders by boat to come up into action had replied 'When the flagship goes, .we will go,' that gentleman, in order to remove all occasion of shirking, decided to be in it with the first, although he knew that lie was unwell, and that it was a thing which he ought not to do. Therefore he quitted his own ship, for she was a bad sailer and heavy, as has been said, went on board M. de Beaumont's ship to fight, Count Brissac, Captain Maueomble Orainville, and he together. Next day, Thursday 26. July, early in the morning, M. de Strozzi bade Capt. Gauquigny to let him hare one of his boats that were ready, to go and again command all his captains not to desert him in the fight, as well as to put himself on board II. de Beaumont's ship. This was done, and just as the boat was ready and M. de Strozzi was preparing to get into it with Count Yimioso, de la Chataigneraye, and other notable gentlemen, Capt. Cauquigny who remained in command of his vessel .said to him . ' Sir, please do not leave your ship, but do all these honest men, your servants here, the honour of letting them fight with you this day, and you will be all the better for it.! He replied, ' I cannot, because the enemy's fleet is avoiding action, and I could not be in time if I was in my own ship. I want to take from certain people the will and the opportunity {subject) of throwing the cat between my legs.' Capt. Cauquigny repeated 'Sir, remember that twice or three times when you have been ready for action two-thirds of your fleet would not come up. Do not venture to engage yourself too far to-day/ For all these remonstrances M\ de Strozzi did not fail to get into the boat, and the persons named with him. Being there, he goes to letch M. de Brissac in his ship, and they go once more to urge ail the captains, gentlemen and soldiers to do well and appreciate tyuoidUr) the good cause for which they were about to fight. The honour and reputation of France were at stake, and they must hoist Qgumder) all sail to close up together, and not abandon eaeh other for any danger. Each promised to do well, and on that assimmee M. de Strozzi withdrew on board M. de Beaumont's dap, who, wrih Oapt. Lievre, made great objections to receiving him, saying, We shall do o n duty very well, and you can be easy and assured as to us. Leave us in-this mind, and return, we pray you, to your snip, where you will rejoice plenty of honest men who are there by letting them fight beside you.' To this he had agreed, and was preparing to return. Bat then the Constable, who had been always urging him to fight, against the advice of many others, began to say, < What, sir, instead of approaehmg woiiM you recoil? Know yon not that if you da not go first your fleet, for all it may have promised you, will not come tro? Bo JOT ^ to tee tb» day the opportunity of setting the Grown of f o ^ * * « f f i ? See you not that those with whom you have to do are only matog & show ( m « ) but actually will run away ? . All &mmwatot and those of aome.o&acs who were them again wvifed M. de S t a i to- go on board with M, de Beaumont, who we» onmuuig to refuse

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FOREIGN PAPERS,

A.D. 1582.

him the second time. And when he was thus on board, and M. de Brissae in his own ship they closed in to go and fight together as had been agreed between them. Immediately they made all sail and drew near the enemy's fleet; and whereas they thought to lay aboard the gallion which carried the flag, called the St. Mai-tin, they were unable to .do so, because it went to windward of them (de Vavant cVaux) ; and seeing astern of it another very great gallion of 900 to 1,000 tons called St. Matthew, whiek only carried the vice admiral's flag, though of much greater burden, by 200 tons, than that which carried the admiral's, they thought that in her, being the larger and stronger, they had found the Marquis of Santa Cruz. Wherefore M. de Strozzi, being in the ship of M. de Beaumont, which could not have been more than 850 ions at most, went alongside the great gallion Marquis de Croim rmtgat [sic], and M.de Brissae. with his skip of similar burden came alongside M. de Strozzi, as did some others of his side; to support him, and they began to fight. And as they were fighting, several ships of the enemy's fleet came alongside M. de Brissae made him quit M. de Strozzi, and made Mm run (le mirent a vau-le-veni) ; and he remained alone, with five ships upon him, from which he endured a great struggle, for they reached the middle of Jiia own vessel, and plundered his own furniture in his cabin. But by Ms active resistance, being well assisted by honest men who were near him, he disengaged himself; one of his servants named Capt. Maueomble at last coming to his aid, which was partly the cause of the Castilians returning to their own ahip. And I think that but for Maueomble the Count would not have got away without greater difficulty, seeing that he came out of action with only 60 men alive. And with regard to M;. de Strozzi, being aboard of the great gallion, as has been said, and Count Brissae having retired, he remained fighting alone for more than an hour without help from anyone, not even from those who by the plan of battle should have given it. Seeing which, Captain Cauquigny, whom M. de Starozei had left in command of his own hulk, and. who had been always in pursuit of the enemy's flagship with intent to bring her to action, to the point of mating her and several other vessels with.her sheer off (Vpoiirc/rer), wore and eame to M. de Strozzi's assistance, who ordered him to lay the gallion aboard and not him. This being , done, the gallion was assisted by three strong ships, who supplied . her with fresh soldiers which she much needed, and by several others, who rendered her help with both eannon and musketry. At tbla_ juncture those on board the hulk, seeing no preparation made to aid them, called to M. de Stroazi to disengage himself, considering the behaviour of his fleet, which he did with, the help of the hulk, which remained laid aboard of a gallion. But when he had drawn off and was thinking to withdraw, the enemy's flagship, which, had not yet been in action, being fresh and a good sailer, wore and caught M. de Strozzi still all in disorder (desagarceM; <&• MsmpareiUS), not having had leisure to set himself straight, laid him aboard, catching him to leeward and gave him such a volley of cannon and musketry, that the'greater part of those who remained alive were slain; and so M, de Stro&ai was taken and carried off,

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A.B. 1582.

and up to thig day we know not if he is alive or dead. It is gaid indeed that he was wounded by niusket-shots. Nor yet do we know anything for certain as to the life or death ol the Constable. As for the rest of the fight on M. de Strozzi's side, M. de BTIK being in a hulk, after the loss of his own ship, laid a great ship aboard, which had two with her. But seeing, no appearance of help, and the unequal odds, he drew off with much trouble and danger, and not without great loss of men, both killed and wounded, and himself received a musket-shot in the right hand, from which and the illness that supervened, he is dead here a t ' la Terziere.' Capt. Montmort, who commanded a company of foot aboard a hulk, also endeavoured to come to close quarters. He did not succeed, but had many men killed and wounded all the same, by canons and musketry. Gapt. du Dresnay did the like, aiding well the retreat of the great hulk, which had remained engaged alongside the enemy's' viceadmiral's gallion. Gapt. Brevedent of Count Brissac's division fought at close quarters and lost many men. Ultimately he was rescued and drew off. Some others got cannon or musket-shota in passing near the thick of the fight; but the fact ia that of 47 or 48 sail that were in the force of MM. de Strozai and Brissac—the greater part, it is trne, of small burden—not more than 8 or 9 tried to come into action ; which shows plainly enough that few were well-affected. • Endd. in Portuguese: Information as to the battle which the fleet of France had with that of Castile. Fr. Sfj>p. [France VIII. 51.] Sep: 26

354.

COBHAM to WALSIN&HAM

On receiving your letter I sent for Mr Charles Paget, who came to me on the 25th, when there were with me Mr Edward and MiHenry Talbot, the Earl of Shrewsbury's sons, and Mr Ealph Evens, eldest son to my lord Evera; in whose presence and hearing I declared to Mr Paget how I had received direction from her Majesty to will him to return presently to England. 'SQ which he answered, that if he might have liberty of his conscience, he would return; otherwise he would not return. Then he added how that her Majesty might so deal with him that he would come home; but ne requested he might have some leisure to think of the matter, and he would make a further answer; bat he thought it would be, that lie would not return. Notwithstanding, his meaning was to carry himself towards her Highness as a dutiful subject so long as ne may enjoy his living. If this be taken from him, he will seek to Fowie me to ' stay the advertising' this answer till lie wrote to the Quern. I showed him that I eonld not but certify trith tenth so much as lie had delivered to me in answer to her. Majesty's command sigmflect

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to Mm for hie return. Then he said that within a day or two. he would frame a letter to her and bring it to be made up before me;. , concluding, he. perceived this much tended to the .deprivation of his , living. Whereon I further said thai her Majesty had never hitherto sent for any of her subjects to give them-cause of repentance; wherefore I thought he would have well liked to return upon the delivery of this message, and that he should rather have conceived hope, through his dutiful proceeding, to recoyer her grace, to his better comfort. • . Those above written are the very, speeches and words of Mr • Charles Paget delivered to me, which I then presently set down in writing in the aight of the abovenamed gentlemen, as they are ready to certify.-—Paris, 26 September 1582. Add. Endd. 1 p. [France VIII. 62.] Sep. 26

355.

COBHAM to WALKING-HAS

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356.

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LA CHAPELLE-DES-UKSINS to "WALSINGHAM.

This letter is to recall myself to your favour, and to beg you to keep me therein j also to make you a humble request, namely that you would be so kind aa to send me some English greyhounds. I should not be so presumptuous as to importune you for them on my own aceount, although I like them well; but it is to satisfy the Grand Duke of Tuscany and the Cardinal de Medici, who have sent to ask me for .French greyhounds and coursing dogs. I kftve plenty of dogs to send them, but no greyhounds, and I am forced tohave recourse to my good lords and friends, among whom I hold you. I feel sore that you will not think I am importuning $oxi, and I will (to you any service I can, and beg you to believe that there is no man in the world over whom you have more power than over me.—Paria, 26 September 1582.

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Since I find no remembrance of my suit in your last letter, my necessary occasions now constrain me to beseech you to move.her Majesty to some resolution in my behalf, being desirous to return . in no worse state than I was at my departing thence, and to receive some reward, whereof I cannot but hope, trusting she will be pleased to ' do for' me; which I -deaire may be brought to ' effect through my lord Treasurer's and your honourable mediation, which I am induced to think will be now the sooner granted, having served out the accustomed term as other her ministers have done. Though nxy grief provokes me to importune you in more earnest manner, yet I will thus leave it to God to stir up your mind to deal in honourable sort for .me; ' betaking' my nephew ' into' your good favour, having sent him to obtain the means to.supply my wants with her Highness' relief, or else to sell a portion of the little which is left, ' having deferred to do the same, for giving thereby further grief to my wife.'—Paris, 26 Sept. 1582. Add-. Kndd. 1 p. [Hid VIII. 63.] Sep. 26

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ELIZABETH.

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4.D. 1582.. Sep. 26

357.

WALSINGHAM to COEHAM

The Queen having found of late that the French ambassador here has been a secret conveyer of letters both; to the Queen of Septs and into Scotland, conveying 'matter of practice,'.whereof she has just cause to suspect that these broils which have of late disquieted the state of Scotland and still continue there have in some part ensued, her pleasure is you should let both the King arid Queen'Mother understand from her, that though she has been content to 'yield.' that his ambassador resident here might from time to time convey such letters as should be sent to the said queen, either from her friends in Prance, containing only matter of ordinary salutations, or from the officers of her dowry there, touching their charge, together with her own letters in answer, it was never meant by her to give him liberty to convey any other letters to her. Wherein the ambassador • being discovered to have dealt otherwise and to have greatly abused the leave he had to send to and * from' the said queen's private and ordinary letters,—which if her Majesty were disposed to take things in the worse sense might give her cause to suspect that there were . n ot that sound amity and affection borne towards her as outwardly is professed, when theif ambassador shall deal in causes not appertaining to his charge,.so greatly prejudicial to her estate,which the world can hardly conceive to be done without direction—-she prays them to command . both the ambassador and all others that shall hereafter succeed him in the place not to meddle any more with conveying any of that queen's letters, and to order that they may be , delivered to her ambassador-resident there to be by him conveyed hither; as likewise that queen's .shall be sent over to him, to be delivered according to their directions, to atoid the like inconvenience hereafter by giving his ambassador leave to convey the letters. •.

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_ And here her pleasure js you should take occasions to put them in mind that howsoever the Kings of France have heretofore used Scotland as a means and instrument to annoy England when there .was enmity between France and England and this Grown was .possessed of some portion of the dominions belonging to that Crown, yet considering, all pretence of titles being taken away, that things stand now in better terms between the two Crowns, a most entire friendship.and amity knit between both their Majesties, which of late especially has been embraced on both sides with great earnestness, so that England may be said to become the safest friend that Grown has, which by some outward etfeeis has of late been manifest to the world, and therefore she hopes that they for their parts will also now use England as a friend, and make such account thereof—for the matter stood upon such extremities—that for Scotland's sake they would not hazard the loss of England, And to Queen Mother especially her Majesty thinks meet you should let fall some speech to this purpose: that she particularly has great cause, were it but for her son's sake in the Low Oouaiaifia, to 'tender' the quietness and wfell-doitig of this state, his good or iHfortune in this action he is now entered on depending so muck ' thereon as she herself can best Judge. And both to &e Jang and 1S077

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FOEEIGN PAPEES.

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. Queen Mother you are to say in the continuance ot your speech to this purpose that her Majesty conceives that whoever is a friend to the King of Scots, and -would seem careful of his well-doing, cannot better express the same than by advising him to embrace the amity of England, and to endeavour to seek the continuance of her goodwill and favour towards him by good deserts for his own behoof, in respect • of the trust that may otherwise ensue to him, both presently and hereafter, if her Majesty be at any time disposed to take her revenge for his ungrateful carrying of himself towards her, who has heretofore had and presently may have advantage enough to make her profit of, if she had any dispositions to carry a hard hand over him. And to show that ahe takes rather a course agreeable to the loving princely care she has always had of his safety and well doing, her pleasure is you shall make them acquainted with the cause and purpose of her present sending into Scotland Sir Edward Carye and Mr Eowes, letting them know that upon the falling out of these . new stirs and alterations between them of the nobility, she had thought meet to send her minister thither to hold an even hand in the matter and to do all good offices to stay things from growing to any extremity, and to advise that such as should be found faulty as disturbers of the common peace and quietness of the state might receive their trial and. punishment hy a general assent of the nobility in due course and order of proceeding, without any violence or effusion of blood. And in case any other informations shall be given out that her Majesty's sending into that realm tended to some worse purpose, you shall then pray them, as her proceeding in Scotland has always tended to the preservation of the king and the conservation of the realm in quiet, so they will be persuaded that her late sending thither was to no other purpose, as by effect in time will appear. \The last paragraph is substituted, in Wahingham's hand, for the folhtving, which has been crossed out;—And that d'Aubigny had been very ill-counselled to go about to shuffle the cards'in that realm, as it was most apparent that he had done by the general ill will and hatred that he has thereby purchased unto himself botn among the nobility and commons ; for it falls out now in the end that so doing he has procured the greatest hurt to himselfAnd further, to let the king understand how dangerous it was for him in his young years to be carried away only with the advice of the Duke of Lennox, though Ms kinsman, yet by birth a stranger> and in matters of estate and counsel very weak; whose advice, by taking away a principal nobleman of the realm and the banishing of another of like quality, and the taking into his hands the whole execution of the government in that kingdom, had greatly ' witndrawe' the devotion of his subjects from him, and therefore to counsel him, aa one careful of Ms well doing, to beware that his particular affection should not so possess him as that he sk°uia through the love borne to one particular person hazard the loss ot his subjects' hearts, the true force and strength of a P«nee. Which advice her Majesty hopes the king and queen willfindgooa and allow of; so should they do well to ' convene' with bet in « the like, - •- -

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355

1582. •And if upon the delivery of this speech you shall find the king and his mother to stand in defence of Lennox' proceeding, then it is her pleasure you let them both plainly understand that she very well perceives that their ambassador's secret and underhand dealing in the Scottish cause proceeds from their special direction, and therefore cannot conceive that there is that sound sincere affection borne towards her as outwardly is professed.] This in substance is what I am commanded by her Majesty to deliver to you, to be imparted* to the ting and his mother, which you may amplify as you see cause, and accordingly as you shall discover there, touching their proceedings for Scotland. Surely if tho ambassador here has proceeded by direction from the ting and his mother, then we* are to think that all his protestations of amity are but 'abuses'; for if they unfeignedly desire an association against Spain, they would be careful to preserve the quiet of England and advise Scotland to depend upon her Majesty. By dealing with them, you will be able best to discover how they are affected; and though the king and his mother can with very great ' temperancy ' cover their passions, yet by Pinart who commonly ' speaks out of their humours,' you will discern how they are inclined. Draft, largely in Walsinghairfs hand. Endd. with date. 6 pp. [i'rmice VIII. 55.]

Sep. 27

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358.

HBE^E to WALSINGHAM

I would not leave you unadvertised, having so convenient a messenger as Mr Ashby, of the state of things; that ia, thai. Monsieur had given express order to those that had the charge of the army in G-uelderland to do their best to relieve Loehem on Saturday last, whatsoever should befall of it. Whereupon news are come to Monsieur today that his army has so well ' exploited' that the enemy's ' skonces ' are forced, the town revietuallea, the young earls at liberty, the old garrison taken out and a new put in the place, and the enemy driven to the hill, with the loss offiveensigns taken, and they are in hope to defeat him wholly; which good news have revived the spirits of many here. Notwithstanding, there are some who doubt of the truth of it, as well because the enemy was very strong, and far superior in power to our, side, as. that there is no ringing of bells here, nor ' fees of joy ' for so good a torn received. But by the next you shall hear more, for if the town should miscarry, it were likely that till Guelderland would" become _' altered' and give place to the enemy. -It is a common fashion here, when they have had some notable loss by the enemy, then to give out the contrary for three or four days, to counterpoise the ill news the better. I pray (jod this be not likewise, The French army is likely not to come to our side at all, for the ting's ' bands of ordinance ' are retiring, and will not join with, the other cavalry, whereby the rest will not be able to mate their way through the enemy; and without horse the foot are too many that we have already. The French king will not declare himself; the country here does not contribute; and the' causes' of

FOREIGN PAPEKS. A.J>.

1582. Portugal discourage us all. Our English people for very poverty disband themselves, and also run to the enemy. And to conclude, this is a state of poverty and irresolution. Monsieur mislikes utterly ! with' these magistrates, who perform nothing to him, and therefore threatens to forsake them. Some others wish him in Prance this winter that he might raise a sufficient army againat nest spring. M. de. Sainte-Aldegonde yesterday 'discharged himself of his state of President of the Council of State, and so every aide grows to he discontented. Montigny by practice and finesse has found the means to put 15 ensigns of soldiers into Lille in Flanders, whereby he is master of the town; which gives an ill taste to the towns in Flanders, Hainault and Artoia, and may breed some alteration. I am solicited again by Mr Stephen. [Lesieur] to move yon. touching the charges of Mr Rogers's 'diet/ of which if there be not an allowance from her Majesty his deliverance cannot follow; and now especially, since the count of Menrs has ridden in post to the Imperial Diet, and therefore cannot satisfy the Prince of Grange's reqneat for giving caution to discharge the ' diet' demanded at Mr Eogers's hands. There departed from Fiiuden about the 4th inst. one M. de Bologne, a Burgundian born, yet greatly hispaniolated, a creature of Cardinal Granvelle's, into Scotland, with commission from the King of Spain to treat with d'Aubigny to make a faction there against her Majesty, and to alter religion, and finally to establish marriage between'the King of Scota and a daughter of Spain. This Bologne is about 60 years of age, a great practiser, and had instructions to sow division between the Earls of Emden before he went into Scotland, and to promise one of them aid againat the other, and to confirm him in that state against his brother that [lie] would be at the devotion of Spain. Herein he proceeded so far that he wrought part of the effect which he came for, but being discovered, he was fain for his safety to hasten his journey into Scotland, which is necessary that her Majesty be speedily advertised of; and of this matter yon shall be better instructed by the next.—Antwerp, 27 September 1582. Add. Mndd. 21 pp- [HolL and Fl. XVII. 22,]

Sep. 27

359.

JOHH CQBHAM to WALSINGHAM

Today there came a post with letters to Monsieur from Lochem, wh.o certifies that the town is relieved and victualled by M. 'Lapeire - and Mr Norris; the Prince of Orange's nephews in safety, and the enemy retired. The enemy took a skonee at the bridge-foot of 'Meening* & Flanders, and kept it two days, till Col. Preston and Col. Trai" issued from the town, and beset them both by land and by water, and charged them, so hotly thai, they left their fort and retired, maoiMtah thai; they were—being two ensigns, of which one were ktlgltsh rebels that .had tied to. $& enemy—all put to the stforu

A.D.

1582. and drowned, saving one English soldier and two "Walloons. The siekness and poverty of .our Englishmen is so great that of 4000 men there is not left here 1000-—Antwerp, 27 September 1582. Add. Fmdd. %p, [Ibid. XVII. 28.]

Sep. 27

360.

PENA to WALSINOKHAM

Erom the conversation which you have kindly had with that equitable pillager or pillar and support of law and equity, I perceive the kindness and honour which you continue to show me, and at the same time the wrong and dishonour wMeh he thinks to do me, pretending' not to know that he owes me anything if he does not see MB own paper and handwriting. Tins if I • had lost his note, he would have lost his good faith, if anyone ever did, and I my goods and reputation for having been too honourable and serviceable towards him, and for his sake to another, as to Messrs M[ansiield.?]'and others, who know well, and especially Mr James Thomas, their governor, that I showed them the bill of the then ambassador, who borrowed from me for them the sums of which, he- now says he had only been responsible for half. On that occasion I told him and showed Mm how he owed me previously the 500 crowns, for whieh about that time he made himself responsible to me, and offered to have them paid me in Antwerp by his stepson, Ms wife's [sic], a merchant, who brought his mother to this town, and had promised to have the sum paid to me, at Antwerp, or pay me according to the way of London. Then I wrote to an acquaintance of mine to draw that part, but he was not then in the country. Since then the great assurance whieh the gentleman in question gave me that he would indemnify me for all loss, together with" the friendship he made show to bear me on account of both his own health and that of his wife, daughter, stepson, and all the family, whom I had tended or cured, made me believe that that sum would not only be carefully preserved to me, but increased, aa was reason, since it was in the hands of his stepson, an opulent merchant, who had promised me to that effect. Moreover he himself was such a good manager that he let nothing lie useless. There, sir, is the requital fyevencke) wherewith he will repay me; namely, to make me lose the principal, or at least the honest revenue (apjiorts) which I hoped for from it, and at the same time to make it appear that it was not from frankness and courtesy that I employed it thus, but from folly, and since even if he makes me lose everything he cannot get me taxed •with misconduct. For evident proof of wi-ai I saw, let him be asked by letter from some place for 10 crowns only, which he does not owe, or has paid; you will at once see a night of letters in answer to represent that he is being wronged. Yet for two. years I have been asking some English gentlemen to put my letters into his hands, hating previously let them see them; to whom he has never been willing to say a word of the contents, only lias always said that ae had lately written back to me, and that lie would write baek to me on the first day; for which being often taken to task, lately even by Master Greoffiroy, he eould find no expedient saye silence, Um sufficiently shows his conscience, and seieace in jurisprudence, <j«»

A.D.

1582,

;

-

. • silet, assentiri videtwr; especially a personage qualified and armed "with every variety of stratagems. I hare written to him reverently, humbly, and as moderately as I eoulct, then pretty freely, in French and Latin, in order, to.be understood, and that I might have an answer to my placet. I have even threatened to have a request presented to her Majesty: to have me paid, seeing that I lent to him in the quality not only of "man oi honour, but of ambassador. For all that, he has not returned me one word of answer. If he had said: ' I do not remember how much it is, or if it has been paid,' that would at least have been to palliate his insincerity (faintise) in a tolerable way; but to cover himself with such a sorry shift (sac tnmiM) is silly naughtiness; to amend which, and at the same time the wrong which he has done to my reputation, and the damage he causes me, it would be reasonable for him to reimburse me besides the principal, some part of the profit my money might have earned, which is at least as much again. I send you two duplicates of his bill, and by the first messenger will send the original. But since a veritable Nestor and an equitable Hephsestion like yourself and that honourable gentleman your friend, the last ambassador but one [sic ; but Ponlct seems to be meant] have done me the honour to avail themselves of my small means, and on being called upon to pay their debts have not asked for an explanation, I could not believe there could be found a Sinon so monstrously treacherous as to steal away the faith and , friendship so often promised to a poor friend who had deserved well of him and known to such honourable personages, of whom he has often heard me say how much I am their humble servant. Which affection and devotion, with the hope I have, mate me so bold as to big you not to fail to accomplish4 this benefit for me. The fact is so clear that there is no need to send a credential for it; but I must be careful, because I have to do with BO awkward {harguem) a man. The return of the present [bearer] is so hurried, that I am unable to provide sooner than by the next. Meanwhile Mr Wttkes who was his secretary, Mr Dal'laber, an English doctor, and . others of my acquaintance, know if I am in a dream. I have shown it to several here; Geoffrey has one of Mr Mansfield's in his hands, which I beg you to get from him and keep, for good reasons.—Paris* 27 September 1582. Add. and endt gone. Fr. 4 pp.

Sep. 28

361.

[France VIIL 56.]

THOMAS LONGBIOK to WALSMGHAK

Your letter of the 22nd I received here this afternoon, and sent ' for' Antwerp that enclosed to Mr Danett. I trust my answer to your former letter, touching these Dutch merchants' small trade of late used in shipping for England,.is long ' yer' this come to your hands, for I wrote immediately upon receipt of yours, and signiieo thereby of my being here about our company's affairs, as also that I thought the cause of the Dutch merchants'late small shipping "* England had been the caveat which you there gave to some m them, whereby for a time they were here stirred to scJ*etf earnestly that her Majesty might have had 'contentment

A.».

1682. since then, I consider another cause also, viz. that since the IOBB of Lierre little of their merchandise has been brought to Antwerp, btit rather conveyed from Dort and other places into England, and perhaps landed- at Sandwich and other ports ; in which they can and -will handle so cunningly that I shall never eapy them. As io* ' colouring ' of their goods by any of our merchants, I can see no likelihood of it, for I would be loath to help another man's goods to the market, whereby my own market should be hindered; besides that {ut^ supra) the Dutchmen have not of late ventured to bring their goods into Antwerp except such as they know in effect to be sold before they brought them thither. Wherefore in truth I know not how her Majesty may yet be satisfied by way of arrest unless by some of those that are resident in London. But these things rest in your wisdom, and therefore I crave pardon. If any matter had fallen out worthy of advertisement, I would have sent an express messenger, and will gladly so do when there shall be cause. Of our merchants' proceedings here, you may be advertised. We are almost agreed with this town for our residence and traffic to be kept here, so that if the States will maintain the ' intercourse' and privilege we may be better here than at Antwerp, wherein the Lord grant good success,—Middelburg, 28 September 1582. P.S.—It was reported here today that the Count of Hollock had given an overthrow to the Malcontents in Guelderland, and raised the siege before Lochem. The Duke of Brabant places French garrisons in most towns, and will place some in Antwerp, as it is thought, so that he will have good ' pawns' of the towns before he will do any great exploit in the field. God preserve His Church. Add. Endd. l%pp, {Holl. and Fl. TFII, 24.]

Sep. 29

362.

PIETEO BIZABKI to WALSINGHAM

There is certain news here that Lochem has been finally delivered and victualled, not without some loss to the enemy, seeing that his Highness'B people took a fort from them by assault, and also a house in which they had fortified themselves; also in the crossing of a bridge, 300 of them f remained.1 Our men although in the ardour of victory they had a mind to pursue them, withal abstained at their commander's order from the enterprise, in order not to risk themselves without certainty; which must bejhe more commended-, that oftentimes desperate action takes away the fruits of vietory. Tomorrow, being Sunday, -his Excellency gives a splendid banquet to his Highness and many nobles and chief men, and last Monday his Highness entertained his Excellency and 40 chief men. About 500 French are lately arrived by way of Zealand, who with others from the camp, both eavalry and infantry, are gone On an enterprise, the result of which will soon be known. It is hoped it wall Bueceed.—Antwerp, last but one of September, 1582. -P.£.-~Hi8 Excellency's three nephews have been set free with the others, and taken to a aafe placeThe enemy is said to have withdrawn to Euremonde. AM Endd. • ttul I p. • lIMd. XVIL 25.]

' A.D. 1582. Sep. 30

-FOBEIGK PAPERS 363.

AUDLEY DAKETT to WALSESGHAH

I advertised you by Mr Ashby that the siege before Lochem was raised and the enemy retired. The forces on this side have followed after, and they are said to be about two leagues one from the other. If the enemy take the way towards ' Frise,' it is said the duke's forces in G-uelders will return to these parts; but if they march towards Brabant, then the direction is to follow them and upon any advantage to assay their strength. Count Mansfeld and M. de Haultepenne both arrived in person to the aid of the enemy before Loehem; but by their sudden ' retire' from thence, it is said they have no desire to haaard anything by way of fight. By this means the town was victualled with little resistance and almost no loss at all, no, not of the common soldiers. No ' particular' letters have come as yet from Mr Norria, but by all conjectures he is well; nor any particulars of the service spoken of worth the •writing. Therefore I forbear to trouble you further on this point. . _ Since Sunday last, the 33rd, there arrived here from Calais, ' by times,' to the number of 1,500 French at the least; which gives occasion to conjecture that the army about Cambray, being gentlemen, and many serving voluntary, will be spared to some better season of the year, and the mercenary foot only to repair here now. Our English troops, who naturally mislike to serve with the French, on Friday last, upon some speeches used by some of the French, and thereupon some blows and violence offered, suddenly took arms, ready to encounter one with the other, had not the matter been -pacified by the great care and persuasion of_ some of our English captains then present among themHis Highness being adTertised of it." gave order to M. de Rochepot to see soine execution done upon two or three of the French authors of the broil, but as yet nothing has been done on that behalf. The redters and Scotchmen 'presently' upon the alarm put themselves likewise in arms, and offered very readily to charge theFrench, who unadvisedly will be masters in these parts before their time; which some judge to be the cause that these people here hold so hard a course towards them. It would not appear as yet that their credit here is much, and unless some better course be observed by the common soldier, I think it will not be increased m haste. The gentlemen, and those of judgment, cany themselves very temperately and with good discretion, although inwardly they are greatly discontented, as some of them have not spared to utter. There is an enterprise taken in hand by the French, either for the victualling of some place, or the surprising of some town, neai Brussels ae it is supposed; for the performance of which all &* dukes minions and most of the gentlemen of his Court, with 500 Jingheh and moret 0ofreceive the French, took their journey towards Alosfc !uraer

£f\

*I *2

dictions), on Saturday, the

± » « 6 after3a°oB> some horse by land and all the foot by E m i* M SoH f ^ ** * Notre Dame de Hal, a town 4 leagues from Brussels, into whxeh are lately retired all the rich boors of &e

ELIZABETH

'.

1582 country thereabouts ; BO that they hope to find some great wealth, and the town withal offer little defence, as the enterprise is not thought to be of much difficulty, especially as the garrisons in the enemy's towns in those parts have lately been called to some service ' abraud.' Upon the suceess of the service I will advertise you more particularly, and meantime beseech you to take these in good part. This morning 1 received your letter of Sep. 22, for which I thank you ; as also for the happy new£ from Scotland, whereof many here are very inquisitive, and many well-affected glad to hear that d'Aubigny is removed ; although they expected some further matter against him, and fear lest hereafter he attempt some further harm. —Antwerp, last of September 1582. Add. Sep. 80

364.

Endd. 11 pp.

[HoU. and Fl. XVII. 26.]

STOKES to

My last was the 23rd,' having' since received these few speeches as follows. The States of Artois and Hainaulfc have not as yet given their answer to the demands that the Prince of Parma made at Arras; for by some advice out of those parts it is hoped it will be denied him. M. de Capresj governor of Arras, who is now altogether one of the Spanish faction, had this week almost brought the Spaniards into Arras. But before it was ripe it was espied by the burghers, who set themselves speedily all in arms and told M. de Capres that they would suffer no Spaniards to come into their town, to the last man. Though ' the like has not chanced in this order at Valenciennes, yet those of that town will not suffer any Spaniards to enter -there neither; so as they write the Spaniards grow dajly in great hatred in those parts under the enemy's government, and not without cause, for by good report they use the common people ol that side very cruelly. Four days ago the Prince of Parma commanded all his forces that lay beside Lille and those parts to march in all diligence, some towards Cambrayand some towards Senty ; so. they are aligone towards those parts saving 700 or 800 foot, who are left rtHJfcwyn to keep the "boulewarke' they have made there; which it is hoped they will not keep long. This week those of Meenen have taken a bridge and a sootier which the enemy kept between Hallewyn and,Meenen.• J*™ taking of those places there were slam above 200 on the enetoys side; so those of Meenen make sharp war with the enemy in tnoee parts. M. de Tillers, who was marshal of the cam« &at lay 3lasfc yea* at

•

• Loo, is sent by His Highness in great haste mto ***** his army through Artois and E » ^ * ^ & parts. B is saM they will be there wflnn

g*g

A.D.1582.

•

Prom Lnle they .write that many gentlemen and captains that have charge and are in service on the enemy's side are in some great trouble of mind, only because they see the great cruelty that the Spaniards begin to use amongst them; BO they write of some hope that these matters •will turn to some good for this side ere •

;

long-

Great want of victuals begins to grow at Cortriek, Lille, and many other towns under the enemy's government, so that it is thought this winter the want of victuals will drive him to some extremity.—Bruges, 80 September 1582. Add. Endd. 2 pp. Sept.

365.

[Ibid. XVII. 27,]

STROZZI'S DEFEAT .•

That which I could gather of the loss of our army by sea, and of the death of M. de ' Strosso,' both, by the advertisements which the King of Spain has sent to his ambassador here and from M. Foumicon, secretary to M. Strozzi, who arrived on September 17 from the Isle of Terceras, is that Strozzi having on his arrival at the Isles of ' Essore' taken that of St. Michael, being one of the chief, and held by the Spaniards, having vanquished at his landing all the enemies whom he found to make resistance, except about 900 or 1,000 soldiers, who retired within the ford; having also taken four great ships of the eleven which the King of Spain had sent before with 700 or 800 men for their succour, the residue being abandoned and broken on the shore; he had intelligence that the Spanish ' army ' was coming forward. This was the cause why he left the enterprise of forcing the fort, having intended to win it and raze it, that they might have reduced the whole isle to Don Antonio's obedience. The rest of the islands had already very willingly surrendered, the inhabitants making all demonstrations of good will towards Don Antonio-. On July 21 the Marquis of ' St. Cross,' general of the Spanish ' army,' which contained 28 ships, amongst them 6 very great, and two galleons, first discovered our army in the road of the Isle of St. Michael. Hereupon some of our ships set forth to discover them; and provoking them the space of four or five days, the enemy seemed not willing to fight, but rather to entertain them, only, it is presumed, while the fleet of Peru ( might' pass safely towards Spain, or else because they would not hazard the battle. Our ttten also, for certain considerations whieh were agreed on in the Council, resolved to fight, and four of our ships were appointed to charge and assail each of them one of the great vessels of the enemy, so that every one of them understood what they had to do; in auch manner as IWnieon has brought the order to their Majesties, signed by the general, Strozzi, Count Brissae, lieutenant m his absence, and the pi-mcipal captains. •j w J u i j 2 6 } M " d e S1irozzi went in the morning from ship to stop to exhort everyonee too do endeavours, showing theffi do thek thek best b which Qad so so ion which Qad ion g desi desi*ed ed was was eeome' rtStJ^T^ ****

tJ^T^-

****

g

*

the Spanish army; which being overthrown, as there

A.D. 1582.

' ' . • great appearance to give them assurance, there •would remain no other difficulty why the other islands and the fleet looked ior from Peru should not be taken by them, and they might return to France •with much honour and riehea. Thereon, everyone having assured him of their dnty, and how they had left France to no other intent than to follow him, he assured theni he would lead them the way, and would give the first onset, assuring himself they would follow. This he accomplished as soon as he waa re-entered into the ship he had chosen to fight in, and went towards-the enemy with, a marvellous resolution, assailing the galleon wherein he might judge the Marquis ! St. Cross' should be embarked. The other three ships assigned to accompany him in the iigljfc went forward in appearance with the like resolution. In one of them was Count Brissa'c, who aUo with the other two ships did at first their endeavours. But the residue did not move, staying as amazed without essaying to do any notable exploit; which gave the can.se that those who had accompanied him, seeing the evident danger of fighting without the succour of the rest, retired. This M. de Strozzi refusing to do, having ' refreshed' his ship with men, because the most part of . those in her were slain or wounded, bending himself obstinately to the combat, the mariners discomforted with the long fight, and M. de Beaumont, to whom the ship belonged, slain, Count' Viminostv Constable of Portugal, and M. Strozzi having both received their death-wounds, the enemy entered the vessel; and as the Marquis 1 St. Cross' entered the ship, asking for M. Strozai, he, forcing himself to answer the marquis, his spirits failing him, fell down there and died in the Marquis's sight. The marquis has given great testimony of M. Strozzi's valotir and resolutions in his letter to the King of Spain, protesting that he and those who accompanied him had slain 350 Spaniards, and hurt 500; and that if half the French 'army' had done the like endeavour, he would have been in danger to be overcome. It is further to he understood that the enemy has taken of our ' army' only the vessel in which M. Strozzi was, and one other bark which the marquis caused to fee set on fire the next night because he found it empty. It was the one whieh brought supplies of men during the fight to M. Strozzi. The ambassador of France resident in Spain has sent hither a discourse printed at Lisbon, which contains how the marquis arriving at the Isle of St. Miehael has caused all the French gentlemen to be beheaded, and the soldiers and manners, whom ne had taken at sea, or found in the islands, to be hanged. But those who have latelier come from Terceras bring no certain report thereok Nor do they as yet know certainly M. Strozzf's death or oveirMirow, because 30 ships of our < army,' which retkea thither,, wdd.-only certify that he fought valiantly; but they last perceived his skip to be taken, and carried away by the enemy. Fnrfbar, Don Antonio, who too day before the hatfle had gone to T.ercera to make his entry into that island, had sent some

364

FOREIGN PAPE&8.

i.D.1582.

trumpeters and drums to St Michael to enquire after the slain men and prisoners taken; aad tho trumpeters were retained, contrary to all rights of war. J)on Antonio greatly laments M. Strozzi's deaths -witnessing it by a letter to the Queen Mother. Four days after this overthrow Captain Pardin and the captain of Don Antonio's guard arrived at Tercera from Eochelle with some ships and French • soldiers. Through this is grown occasion of spreading abroad these new reports within this realm, how those of our army who had not fought the first day had charged the enemy on the day following with this succour and overthrown them, and rescued M. Strozai, hurt on the head and shoulder. It is understood to the contrary now, by the certain knowledge of his death. Strata carleits claesem dfpiiijnctns solus Ibcram, Vietricem nivme.ro vie it (deans) animo. Endd. in hand of (?) L. Cave. Oct. 2

366.

DANIEL ROGERS to

3 | pp.

[France VIII. 57.]

=

. Forasmuch as I was taken in the Duke of Cleves's country against all right, as I was sent to the Emperor and Diet'of. the Empire, and because I am not free from the King' of Spain's detention, he having commanded that I should be set at liberty, and seeing the Emperor has written to the Duke of (Sieves for the ., order for my liberty, it stands with all right that the duke so do, and that effectually. Now forasmuch as my only stay here is the lack of payment for the charges made at ' Bradford,' which are unreasonable, and the greatest part of them appertain to the Baron of ' Anhault,' who is dead, and to Behenek and his company, it % agreeable to all right that the Duke of Clevee follow that way. First you must consider that ' Brederode' (sic] appertains to the old Baron of ' Anhault' and his heirs until the King of Spain repay the sum of 50,000 florins for which ' Brederode' and all the jurisdiction of it was mortgaged to the old Baron"; so that he of his own authority has to place there auch officers as he may think good. So that the late death of the Baron of Anholi does not hinder me at all; so it may please her Majesty for the last time to require the Duke of Cleves that he by his own letters command the old Baron to deliver me absolutely, since the old Baron was born at ' Meauland' (?) in the dtike.'s country, within half a mile of which place I was.' invaded.' Besides this; the old Baron has laud . under the duke, so the duke can compel him; as also 'for that' the Baron Hves in 'Betz.' Now, because of the injury .committed in taking me, spoiling and detaining me tor two years, the Duke of Cieves may pay my charges, such, as shall be found to agree with right, out of the Barofi oi Anholt'a lands, which the duke has already laid hands upon, .' ' two years past, because of the ships which the Baron had stayed, coming from Cologne. By this you see how the Duke -of Oleves is to compel the old Baron/ He can take such order here as h£ • hats, and this Baron, both by reason of his birth and lands, and . , also since he lives hi ' Beta,' a" town appertaining to the duke, may. easily be ruled by aim. Further, because the Drost of * Brederode

ELIZABETH.

.

365

.i). 1582, and the 'reutmaster' here, both officers of the Baron of Anholt, are most barbarous, and .have' jugled' with Schenek to hold me here, I give you to understand that the Drost has hits only son at school a t ' Betz,' in the { Yraw' Plouren'a house, and the ' reutmaster' hag his three eldest son's a t ' Embrick' at school likewise; both •which towns are the Duke of Cleves's. So that seeing the King of Spain has commanded-that the Baron of Anholt should set me at liberty, the Duke of Cleves may stay those men's children to compel them to set me at liberty. In all these things the Duke must employ his own letters and not his Councillors, because of certain quarrels between them and the Baron. But to the intent that "the Duke and his Councillors may be ' lively stirred' to follow this matter, as is for the Duke's own honour, and her Majesty requires, I humbly desire Mr Secretary to write to Mr John Norris, at the same time while the Duke is thus dealt with, to apprehend two or three of his subjects, and keep them till the duke has effectuated our liberty, which will be as much for his own honour aa for her Majesty's dignity Furthermore it may please Mr Secretary to desire the Prince of Orange to write to the Baron of'Hoghsare' [?Hooghstraot] to.stay Sehenk until he repay that which his reaters took from me. In hand of li. Beale and endd. by him; 1582, 2 October Daniel Rogers deciphered. 2£ pp. [Germany II. 44,] Oct. 2

367.

LANSAC to "WALSINGHAM

I received yours of July 27 last, and continue from it to recognize your good will towards me, for which I thank you heartily, and beg you to be sure I shall not fail to reciprocate it, as you shall perceive in any matter wherein i may serve you. Kindly kias the Queen of England's hands for me, and assure her there is no one in the world who more honours her, or is more willing to serve her, Commeud me also to the lord Treasurer, the Admiral, the E avis of Susses and Leicester, and to Lord Howard, and keep a part for ' yourself.--Saint Maur-des-Fosses, 20 Oct. 1582. Add. Oct. 4

•

Endd.

F>: 1 p.

[France Till. 58.]

3 6 8 . CpBHAM tO WALsraGHAM After I had access to the Queen Mother, I moved her, according to the directions seni me- in your 3 letter, in hex' Majesty's name, to have letters written to the king' ambassador at Constantinople, ' whereby he might be moved to favour the agent for the iMgiistt merchants trading into the Levant, whom the Queen intended to send thither about those merchants' causes. I besought her further that since the king was not here I might dehver her tte Queen's letter directed to him to the same effect, ti-ustoig she would send it to. him, and request him to direct his especial letters, whereby the English agent might on all occasions be recomnended by his ambassador resident in the great Turk's Court, BO that he ; good amity between their Majesties and the Queen might lba dearer appear to the Turk as to other princes; wmeJa £in« or princely offices would greatly increase the amity*

866 A.D.

FOREIGN PAPEBS. 158a.

•

•

. The Queen Mother answered that she thought the like motion had some time heretofore been made, assuring me the king would not' leave' to accomplish this or any matter which might be to her Majesty's contentment. She added that.she intended to -write to the • king forthwith, understanding he was about Orleans on his return to these parts, whereby I should the sooner have answer. Therewith I gave her the Queen's letters addressed to the king. There was no secretary at that instant in Court, and M. Pinart being gone to his house, five and twenty leagues hence, is not yet returned. Afterwards I signified to her how many of her good servants were right sorry the overthrow and death of M. Strozzi had- been confirmed to her. She said the overthrow was not great, seeing the Spaniards had only taken Strozzi's ship and one or two more. But she added that if it might have pleased the Queen my sovereign to have lent them some of her good ships, the Spaniards could not have obtained this victory, and if she will yet aid her with ships, she hoped to be revenged. I told her I understood there were over a dozen or ten ships prepared in England, which might have done her and Don Antonio good service; but ' whereas ' the treaty of the ' lyege' was propounded and had in consideration, the king broke it off, leaving many doubts * in ' the amity, which having been concluded, it could not but marvellously have "profited their Majesties and advanced their designs. Howbeit, it was esteemed they intended to_ make those enterprises upset; wherein perhaps the Queen's assistance could not have prejudiced their greatness, but rather I trusted would have brought good fortune to it. While I spoke thus much, she holding down her head cast her eyes 'of' each side 'on' her, to see if any were within hearing; wherewith she answered that the king would shortly be here, and then further resolutions should be made. Meantime she told me that the king had sent me ample .satisfaction to the Queen for the effecting of the marriage. With that she ' uttered ' how she hoped her Majesty would enter into the consideration of the Scottish King's subjects who had taken him prisoner, a matter to move all princes to bend themselves to help him, and which imported the Queen and being a prince, considering how dangerous those examples are. 0 ? ttus I was moved to deliver to her how it was well known that M. d'Aubigny had entered into many violent actions since he had possessed the young Mug's especial favour, which presumptuous manner of proceeding Jbad moved the people of Scotland to disdain . him greatly, and had caused the nobility to withdraw their good will and service from their king. This the young king so plainly perceived that he appointed d'Aubigny to keep Courts and deal in other affairs while he took occasion to pass 'two or three days journey from Edinburgh, their chief town, withdrawing himself, under colour of hunting, from d'Aubigny: when there-drew unto aim, either by hia own procurement, or 'on' their own freewill, certain lords of Scotland, by whom ever since he has been accompanied. s M Ba 1 the M * L «= ng van with them against MB will. I while d'Aubigny had the rule oi the young king, * e

ELIZABETH, A.&.1582.

•

867

'

other lords and the people said that he was d'Aubigny's prisoner, and now d'Aubigny complains that the lords keep the king prisoner. Therefore I showed her how there were hat ordinary ' Garbogli scotsesi,' which in another month, they being let alone, might turn to another change. I assured her that the Queen had -with great care sent two principal gentlemen to understand the causes, and offer all assurance and assistance to the young king, being her nigh kinsman, nourished and protected by her hitherto. With this the queen said she doubted not but her Majesty would ' do for ' him for those respects; confessing that d'Aubigny had acted too violently, which could have no long continuance. Lastly I became a suitor to her that those six English prisoners, brought hither to be sent to the galleys, might be employed in the Duke of Brabant's wars. Whereon if I find no grace, I will deal no further hereon, finding by your last letters what you think good concerning them. And herewith I left the Queen Mother. They have since informed me that the Bishop of Glasgow has twice or thrice had access to the _queen ; whereon it is supposed his . ' courting' imported the deliveiy of some sinister information against the lords of Scotland who are of the Eeligion, and now about the king.. It is understood the Queen Mother does not move in the matter of Scotland, but upon the provocations of those of the House of Guise; for otherwise she ' apprehends' not those matters much at her heart. I have since solicited to have some answers touching mj abovesaid request for the king and queen's letters, but as yet they defer me; which proceeds, as I understand, because the king has not his good health, so that the dispatches of officers are the more prolonged.—Paris, 4 October 1682.' Add. & endt. gone. 8J pp. Oct. 4

[France YlIL 59.]

3 6 9 . CoBHAit to WALSINGHAM Since writing my last to you, I am informed the king is come down by water near to Orleans, whence he passed to Notre Baine de Olery and Chartres, aiid'is about this time arrived at DolenviUe, continuing in a feeble state of health. They have informed ma that the Pope's nuncio has consented that the Princess of Conti's kinsman should be invested Bishop of Bayeux, with the condition that he would take for bis mtfegau John Chassey, an Irish Franciscan friar, who has had the M e oi bishopric bestowed now on him at Borne which one Tartack Gerardine had, who is lately deceased in Ireland, and this much has passed at the request of this nuncio. The said bishopric of 33&yem is within S leagues of the seacoast, in Normandy, ho tims me Pope's ministers seek to plant his'practitioners "along the seaside; as at Rouen the Bishop of Boss and Wf at Bayetu tb» wandering bishop.

868 A.D.1582.

F.OBEIGN PAPERS, '

'

••

-

,

.

Hannibal Milano, agent to the Duke of Ferrara, of whom I signified in my lasb letter, is departed for Italy, to get order from Ms Dnke for the loan of the 200,000 crowns which are to he lent to the Dulc of Brabant and paid at Antwerp upon caution of certain rents and lands in fouraine and Alencoa ; which mortgage will be confirmed by this king in Parlement. This other day the nuncio aent a thick packet of letters to the Bishop of Glasgow, directed to him from the Cardinal of Como, which the biahop ' pretends' to send by a Scotchman, one of middle stature, yellow-bearded, with a fat round face. He passes by way of Havre p. [IU4

ELIZABETH. A.». 1582.

.

Oet 4 (?)

370.

369 ,;„..-

COBHAM to WALSINGH£HL

After I had made up the packet, I was informed how now they have agreed that upon the'coming of the commissioners from Scotland hither, and that certain articles may be agreed on, the Duke of Guise will procure the king to be content that the young king shall be accepted aa sovereign in the same degree as his mother is, and consequently all accustomed compliments shall follow. It is believed here that Sir James Balfour has been restored to the Scottish king's favour at the intercession of her Majesty, ' which ' I cannot tell whether I may acknowledge it to be true. All means are ' tempted' to draw Monsieur to Court, which will perhapB be brought to pass—to hie grief, I fear, and others'. The Duke Lennox' wife passes not as yet from 'these parts. I hear the king has bestowed some clothes of gold and silver stuff on the Seottiah king; but if a fly-boat of Manders should cross the seas and speak with George Douglas and his merchandise it would profit somebody. There will be letters worth the sight.—Paris, 3 [«
371.

P E . NBDHAM to

I had not so long been unmindful either of the duty wherein I am bound to you or so slack in satisfying your expectation, if either these matters here, as touching Schomberg, had taken effect, or ' found ' any sure determination in his proceedings. For although there were divers suspicions and doubts both before and since his examination, as in my last-letter I certified to you, there were no evident proofs or sure ground thereof. Sinee which, though by sundry means I have sought to ' quit myself7 from him, I could never bring it to pass, but was continually prolonged, and with fair words and large promises so long entertained, till I had greatly hazarded myself both here and at home; by reason whereof I was constrained to demand more boldly and be more importnnate than I had been heretofore. Yet I contented myself so long, till I aaw oftentimes he was not to be found, and that his letters to his cousin and friend, who was appointed to take order with me, were contrary to what he promised me, and unworthy of the friendship I had dom him. Wherefore finding myself, by such threatening of strokes and death, to be more unfriendly used than the courtesy shown by my father to him in England, or any forbearance here, had deserved, and he himself [«c] ready to take Sight, I was constrained for the greater safeguard of myself and better assurance of my friends, whom I had employed in serving his commodity and saving hm honour, to use your name to my lord ambassador, and declared "to him how things lutd passed with the 'owerage' offered me; wkerein I found him ao. favourable that be not only with his countenance 15077

870 ,

FOBEIGN PAPEBS.

i.D.1682: shielded me from their. injuries, but also to do me good so far debased himself as personally to go to those who might any way further my cause, commending the equity and uprightness thereof; and in the mean time ceased not by all courteous means to bring us to some reasonable composition, that for my good-will I might not sustain loss, and he avoid the discredit that might come to him and his name, the ground of things being ripped up in the open Court, and hearing of all. men. In which his honour dealt so earnestly, and so effectually ; followed, that at length Sehomberg was content to give me 200 crowns ready money, and his cousin the Count of ' Nanthevill' an obligation, binding all Ms goods for the payment of the rest a year hence, allowing for interest and forbearance on every hundred, eight and a f tiers.' Which so favourable dealing of the ambassador in my so great extremity I cannot gather from whence it might proceed but from your favourable consideration, or the readiness of my lord to manifest in effect the honour he bears to your name. Either of which although for my part I neither have nor can any way deserve, yet if he may understand that his help has been agreeable to you, I shall not only think myself moat beholden to you, but your other accumulated benefits being augmented by this favour, will perpetually bind me to your command.—Paris, i October. Add. Endd. by Walsinghmn: From young Nedam, with year. The hcmd is that in which most of the Paris embassy dispatches are written. 1J pp. [France VIII. 62.] Oct 4

372.

CLBBVANT to WALSIJMJHAM

Different reasons have led the King of Navarre to tMnk of a foreign war. The first is that in DauphinS, Languedoc, and Guyenne there are many men who have been brought up among our civil wars, soldiers' lads, and afterwards have beeome smart soldiers, without learning any trade but to bear arms and be fed and well clothed without doing any other work. These, unable, ignorant, nay, unwilling to learn any other means of living, keep us always in trouble by surprising places and committing other acts of hostility; and I may say that since I had the fortune to see you I have been seven months in Languedoe to remedy these evils, of which I have made an end, with the exception of one man, who with some desperate fellows to the number of 280 holds a place Called Menerbe, which, is strong. They are now being besieged by those of one and the other religion. I can say with truth that in 10months there have died'by hand.'at least 500 good soldiers professing the religion of the good men of the world; nevertheless e so lawless (desbauchis) that the assemblies of the Churches of & country are constrained to tolerate it, even to say, it is well done, seeing that they had withdrawn themselves from all obedience with the intention of doing so much harm that civil war would have revived. ,

We do not know if the King of Spain has any honest men making a-profession of arms, who are kindling the fire under h

ELIZABETH. A.D.

.

371

1582. .

trying also by evil speakings and impostures to render odious those who are labouring to establish and confirm our peace, rather than recognise that war without eause offends God; also that no one among us is disposed that way except the few people whom they are driving into it. Now the remedy is to give those people some exercise in their trade outside of France. They will not go with Monsieur, because it is. far off, and they are afraid of being chastised there. But with the King of Navarre they will go anywhere. Further the [king] sees the Spaniard assailed by land and sea, and it seems as if God would stir up all those iu whose feathers he is elad, to retake them in order to chastise and humble him. You know that he is holding nearly all ours [i.e. the territory of Navarre] ; also that if we had the means of attaeldng him by land and Bea in Spain, we should touch him at the heart and make him reeallall of his nation wherever it is spread (espanctee); for we hope to enter in such strength that • that and more will he necessary for him. Thus we shall set his Highness free from a part of that which can harm him, and the Portuguese at the same time. We will try if it shall please God to bless our just quarrel; we will hinder the Spanish designs against your state and others; and being armed, we will make the Catholics in France afraid of making any movement, for fear lest we come to terms with the Spaniard and return, with the resources "which would be his price for peace, to make war in France. M. de Se'gur has been sent by the King of Navarre to this Court to make this proposal, and it has been well received. I am here to follow it up, and to see with what and to what extent they are willing to help us. Meanwhile the king is sending to the Queen your sovereign the present bearer, M. de Senegas, an honourable and loyal gentleman who has commanded a regiment of infantry in our wars, to contmunicate his desire to her, and beg her to be willing to aid him therein, as he has instructions to let you understand, and to guide himself by your advice; inasmuch as he [gy. the king] knows that you love him as well as our Churches; and have also much prudence and acquaintance with the affairs of the world to judge of this matter and aid therein by your credit with the Queen, letting her understand how for a trifle she can secure her. state from so great a foe of God and men.^ Your good affection, tested in our need assures us of your good will, therefore I will say no more.—' Fontaine belleau,' 4 October 1582. AM.

Ocfc 5

Endd. {'4 Aug.'). Fr.

IJjjp.

(France VI1L 68.]

373^ rpHH MUSCOTE MERCHANTS to BUBGHIBT " I t may please your lordship on behalf of the company of merchants for discovery of new trades to be advertised" that whereas heretofore our composition for the service of her Majesty of wax is not above 6,000 weight for the year, and sometimes we have served with 4,000 and less, we have this year delivered for that service 6,000, and we stay 6,000 more to remain vx our hands and not to be transported, that if necessity be, we may have.Bo mueb in readiness; notwithstanding this, and that there is a great deal

872

FOREIGN PAPEBS.

i.D. 1582.

owing us by her Majesty, there is a stay made by the household of all our wax, that we may not sell it nor employ it to our profit This year our shipping, "for defence upon doubt Of some force, have been extraordinarily very chargeable " to u s ; the ships are returned, for lack of flax and other commodities in that country, with a great deal, of dead freight; the receiving and entertaining at Our cost is and will daily be a very great burden to us; we must presently pay, for freight and custom and other things, very much money; wax is the chief thing to make money of. We beseech that by your means with the officers of the household, we may have a reasonable price, were the value allowed to us; and that we may have speedy payment both for the average of the last year, and for the was delivered this years And that you will give order for the release of the stay of our wax, except of 6,000 that we keep in store, if need be, and direet your letters of warrant to the officers of the customhouse for passage of bur wax to our best benefit, as heretofore. The unusual burdens of the company enforce us with more importunity to 'make our refuge' to you.—London, 5 October 1582. Copy. Endd, by R. Beak.

Oct6

374.

PlBTEO BlZABBI tO

1 p,

{Russia I. 1,]

,

His Excellency's banquet to his Highness and the chief men of his Court was on the 1st inst. in the form of a. splendid and royal supper. Our camp returned from the enterprise on 'Athen 1 \gy. Ath], a place in Hainault, without being able to effect anything of what was hoped. It is true that ia returning it captured the castle of Gaesbeck, two leagues distant from Brussels, a place of mnch convenience for the security of the journey to Ghent. The soldiers of the garrison, 400 in number, after a few rounds of artillery, surrendered on terms of their lives and property, which were faithfully kept, Today have arrived here two ensigns of French f roni Calais, and more are expected. I have been told that the Prince of Parma, in these days past, sent two couriers one after the other with letters to the Emperor, the sum of which was that the camp of His Highness had been -routed and that his Highness himself had been present, and had fled, near Meenen; and all this to be able the more easily to lead the minds of the German princes to ids intent But if it be so, these utter falsehoods will be only too manifest, and have none of the desired effect. Ftom Italy and other parts I have nothing at present worthy of pen and ink, therefore I will only p m y for the safety of our Qneeo tod her friends.—Antwerp, 6 Oct. 1582. ,

Add, Endd. ltd.

2 pp.

[HoU, and Fl XVIZL 28.]

, ELIZABETH. 1582. Oct.7

373

A j).

. 375.

STOEBS

to

W^LSINGILOI

-

e

• ' ". "

In my last, of the 80th ult. I wrote you but of few speeches. This week much less has been stirring, for in these parts at present all things on both sides are as still as it there -were no troubles here in the country. But it is feared it will not so continue long, for they write from Lille that all the enemy's forces in Friesland and Gruelderland are marching hitherwards, to join the Prinee of Parma's forces in these parts. They also write from Lille that the Prince of Parma with the greatest part of his camp are marching to besiege a place called * Lescluse,' which those of Cambray keep, standing in the river between Douay and Bouchain [sic], and, they write, troubles the enemy more than Cambray does. Further they write from Lille that as the Prinee of Parma marched hitherwards there were divers great fallings-out on the way between the Walloon soldiers and the Spaniard about the cruelty that the Spaniards used to the poor peasants as they marched ; BO that they hope these hard dealings of the Spaniards will turn this side to some goodness ere long. They also write that the States of Artois and Hainault have answered the Prince of Parma that their towns will take in no soldiers, especially Spaniards, neither will they as yet consent to the giving of the fifth penny; so as they write the prince is malcontent at their answer, and will not leave it so. They write from Calais that the Prince Dauphin is at Amiens; and that the Queen Mother of France will come thither to Calais, This week divers French gentlemen have passed through this town for Prance, and aa they passed they gave out they •were sent by his Highness to hasten his army from France hitherwards. Many devised speeches are given out here to oecupy the people s heads that way. But the principal matter the commons have so long looked for, that eomes slowly, which is the aid out of France; for the long delay of their eoming makes them fear they will not come this year. The Prince of Parma has finished Bis two forts at Hallewyn, which keeps those of Meenen so short that they e&xinot range, into the enemy's government as heretofore they have done, nor can they have any victual but such m is sent from this iowa; BO that it is feared that in time those forts -will put Meenen in flome danger.—Bruges, 7 October 1582. P.8.~Even now this afternoon ihe magistrates of this town.are advertised that the Prince ol Chimay with divers gentlemen itog. are come from the Malcontents have armed &t Flushing irom Calais, with hope thai more will follow them shortly. 8uqn is their -writing from Mushing. Add. Endd. %gp.

874

.

A«D. 1582. Oct 7

376.

FOKEIGN PAPEfiS. JOHN NOBEIS to WALSINGHAM

As not long since I gave. you to understand of my journey toward Guelders, and of the supplies sent at that time from hence, so now I would not fail to advertise you of the success in that service, wherein it pleased God to prosper us so well that, •within a few days after our arrival there, we raised the siege and victualled the town; and having left a sufficient garrison for its defence, withdrew our forces, which are about Nymegen, a town in Guelderg standing upon a part of the. river Rhine, and by direction from hence are to be employed for recovering from the enemy three small castles, Meghen, Batembonrg, and ' Midler,' situate upon the Maas. This service being ended, they are to come into Brabant or else to return into Chielders if the enemy makes any further attempt in those parts. Touching the state of things here, being altogether a stranger therein, by reason of my late arrival, and hoping you are advertised of them by others, I trust you will hold me excused at this time. During my abode in Guelders I received your letter of Sep. 8, which was no small comfort to me, finding by it your good will towards me, and the desire you have to preserve.my credit and good name, which by the bad practice of some has of late been called in question; for which I give you humble thanks, beseeching, you to continue the same, and having no doubt at all but that I shall at all times be readily able to justify and clear myself of anything which hag been, or will, I trust, be objeeted against me. I have given orderB in Holland for the 'recovering * a couple of fair mares' and am 'likewise causing search to be made in these parts, that as soon as any be found worth sending they may be forthwith conveyed into England.—Antwerp, 7 October 1582, PS.—There was a bruit that Valenciennes in Hainault had lately been taken by M. Balagny, bastard son to the late Bishop Monluc; but it is not true. And yet I think it will be advertised for truth into England. Written by Aucttey Dmett. Fl. XVII. 30.) Oet 7

377.

Add.

Endd.

1 p.

\Holl and

ATOLEY DANBTX to WALSINGHAM

The French enterprise, advertised by me in my letter of Sep 30, took no effect. The English, having marched as far as - Alst, where they failed of the • direction they looked for, returned hither again on Monday following. The French stayed longer, . ' giving' some attempt on Hal, but found it too hot; and in the end gained a small castle, not far from Brussels, called Gasbek, and so returned hither on Thursday. In the late sendee at Loehem there was slain ' out of' the town the Baron of Anholt, a man of great account among the Malcontents in those parts; whose death it is thottght will much, advance the quietness of the country. Since that time the late forces sent from hence to the relief of that town are sent for hither

ELIZABETH. . S75 A.D. 1582. ' • * again, so that Mr Karris, Mr Knollys, Capt. Astell, and some other gentlemen arrived here yesterday, and the troops are looked for shortly. The States of Guelders and ' Frise' have written to his Highness that those forces might stay some longer time in those countries, until it might certainly appear what course the enemy would take. They desire withal to have Mr Norris as general of the forces. I understand that the forces will return, but who will have the place of general is still in doubt. The Prince is angry the States refuse his nephew Count William, who was not thrust upon them, but, as the Prince says, chosen by themselves. The duke, it is thought, would give the charge to some of the French rather than to any Englishman. And yet because the States have so earnestly requested to have Mr Norris, and it is thought no good policy to discontent a people who are not yet thoroughly settled to this new government, most are of opinion Mr Norris will be employed; ana" yet I fear some cunning invention will be found out to employ him in some other pretended necessary service, to avoid the occasion of this place, where they will be jealous he shall grow too great. There are arrived at Flushing a se'nnight past certain merchantships from the isles of Tercera on" Sep. 14, who ' assure' Don Antonio to be alive and well, accompanied with 40 or 50 good fighting-ships, and that the loss he had by the Spaniards was very small in respect of the bruit lately published.

-

It has -been advertised to the duke that certain of the Scottish nobility, having • practised' with the king, had appointed three ships to have carried him away into Spain, pour ne pouvoir glus endurer Vorgueil des Anglois; whereof I suppose you will receive more particular advertisement from some other. This I observe, that of late the Scots here are suspected to be mostly Spanish, And although the common speech be that amongst them there are des bans et de mauvaises [*tc], yet since the loss of Lierre, which they think was a matter contrived by Lennox in Scotland, they dare scarce trust them in their towns, and as they are able, seeKto weed them out of their garrisons, and call them to the service ' abroad'; as of late they have done by Captain Gordon's f°mpa?y at Malines, into which two of Captain ' Simple's' soldiers _ shoald by cunning have intruded themselves, having direction from ' Simple' to practise with the rest of the company for the betraying of Malines. These two soldiers, being taken and racked at Brussels, have confessed the practice; and thereupon art apprehended a day or two past two officers
876

,

A.». 1 5 8 2 .

•

FOEEIGK PAYEES.

*

,'

:•

.

the &aemy, is now held again by the enemy, and many * pieces of fortification' erected there, greatly to the annoy of the town; whieh being victualled for a good time, and well-manned within, will cost dear to the enemy before they are able to win it. The French arrive here daily in hoys from Calais, in ' pretty ! numbers. It is also aaid that the forces talked of about Gambray will by the end of this week enter Axtois, the marshal of the camp, M. ,Yilliers, being sent thither on purpose to conduct them. They are said to be in all about 12,000, of which 4,500 are Swiss ; who, as it is said here, have lately been paid by Queen Mother. Last Friday our English merchants, at the suit of the burghers of this town, were sent for to the duke, to give the reasons of their departure to Middelburg. The only officer at home was Mr Bodley, the. treasurer, who, with one or two more, answered his Highness that being private men, not thorougly acquainted with that business, and having no commission from the generality to deal therein, they humbly craved to be excused. It is resolved to send the ' doleances' of the burghers to her Majesty, with his Highness's letters to desire a stay of our merchants' departure, till the matter is further looked into. The Prince is somewhat troubled with this matter, for those of Middelburg, having it is said bought his house, which they have granted to the Company, it is thought he has been 1 of counsel' with this remove, and so he is hardly thought of by the burghers and others, as it may appear at present.—Antwerp, 7 October 1583. Add. Endd, 2} pp. Oet 7

378.

[IloU. and FL XVII. 81.]

COBHASI to WALSUJGHAM

Having of late been requested by Signor Geronimo Yanni, a banker of Lyona, to write in favour of this bearer, named Jeronnno Buffio of ' Coma,' that he might pass into England with the better commodity, I have, esteemed it most meet and convenient for me to address and recommend him to yon; beseeching that at his coming he may be favoured in such sort that he may receive justice in the suit he 'pretends ' to make there to the right of certain goods Christopharo de Monti left at his decease, and whieh remain yet in the hands of Ces'are D'Affo, a Florentine. This is as much, as I have understood of the occasion of his going thither.—Paris, 7 October 1582. Add. Endd. £.#. Oet 7

379-

[France VIII. 64.]

•

Du VJHEGER to

Some months ago I sent an express messenger to the Queen of SeotB, at whose return I learned from him how in my name and for love of me he received from you all honourable and favourable greeting, for whieh I would not fail to thank you, and offer i» return all service that I can. But since it behoves me to reply to her Majesty upon certain letters whieh she has written to those of her Council, I beg y&u to do me further so much honour as to let

ELIZABETH.

877

.D. 1582. her have this dispatch of mine with the greatest diligence and surety that you can. I address it to you, and have been so bold as to do so in order that by your means she may be able to receive it surely and promptly.—Tours, 7 October 1582. Holograph. Add. Endd. Fr. lp. Oct 9

3 8 0 . MixmssiiiBE to WAISISGHAM This bearer, Signer Spataf ora, an Italian, who sets great store by , (J'ait grand esbat de) your favour, as foreigners do, and all of his nation, has asked me to -write a word to you to recommend a petition which he wishes to make to her Majesty for means to go back to his own country. I could not refuse him this word to you; leaving the whole to your consideration.—London, 9. October 1582. Add. Endd. Fr.

Oct 9

[France VIII. 65.]

381.

1 p.

[Ibid. VIII. 66.]

The PBIKCE os OEAHGE to WALSINGHAM

As I am Just now writing to the Earl of Leicester, I could not forbear to send this word to commend myself to your favour, and beg you to continue to let me have news oi you. As for our news, I can write you none better than that his Highness, thank God, goes on improving in health, and gives great contentment to this people, and I hope (rod will bless him. Likewise that the king has granted that Marshal de Biron may come to his Highness's army, which will give us great support in ail ways. Further, that Ms Majesty has before the whole Senate oi Yeniee made great complaint against the King of Spain, in that, contrary to Ms royal dignity and honour, he has sent persons to kill his brother. To my thinking, all things cannot fail in course of time to beget, some good result.—-Antwerp, 9 Oetober 1582, Add. Endd. Oet 10

382.

Fr.

1 p.

[SoU. and Fl. XTIL 32,]

tte HECTOR NUNEZ to WALSIHGHAM:

Last night I received by way of France the copy of the confession of the Earl of Vimioso, which he made before he died; by which appears that he has discovered the designs and practices of King Bon Antonio with other princes. ' God send us all well to do, and send your honour health and prosperity.—London, 10 October 1582. Add. Endd. 1 U. [Portugal I. 88.]

27

Enclosed in above;—(1.) 3 8 3 . (1) "What Count Ytarioso declared two days before he died at the persuasion of Friar iVaaeiseo MaMonado of fch& Barefoot Order." That he hsA been the occasion of Dm Antonio's not leaguing himsdf with Ike king, by always opposing % and F ° e m n g * » dispatch of this fleat/Wdes what he will dedar& hereafter % aM

378

.

•" flOKEIGN PAPERS.

A.t>. 1582. he being a Christian man declares it, holding it lor certain that great harm will come of it if it be not remedied. And that this fleet came to look out for the fleet from the Indies [in tran. ' ships of Calycoultre' ] and take as well the ships from New Spain, and then take the Island of St Michael to hold it with the other islands of the Azores and Tereera. That Don Antonio had many advices from Portugal, and by them and the reports they brought knew that the king's fleet was divided, and therefore resolved to fight them before they came together. That there came in Don Antonio's fleet many chief people of France, and that the greater part of them were lost on the day of the battle. [Omitted m the translationJ] That Don Antonio came in-a very light patache and left the fleet . the night before it was lost. That Don Antonio had intelligence with the greater part of Portugal, and a promise that if he comes with an armed force they will rise for him. That the King and Queen Mother of France had decided to bring 30 greathulks from Flanders, and in them 4,000 Germans, under the charge of the Baron of 'Ainlea' [tram. Anglucar; qy. Anglnrc], colonel of those hulks, well-appointed and well-manned {mwy ariilladas y muy mtrinadas), and ship in them in France 4,000 soldiers, who, with more *than 6,000 Hollanders who come in the fleet, will exceed 14,000 men. That the general, Philip Stroazi, and the colonels, come with commissions from the King of France ; the king is aiding this war covertly and the Queen Mother openly, and pays the infantry as well m the ships and the seamen. [Omitted in translation.'] That the Queen of England is helping in this war, and has named a general for the fleet which they are going to send[Omitted in translation.,] That 40 ships are expected from private persons in England. That of the people that have lately been raised in France— [in trans, a gentleman called Laudaras [qy. Landereau] has charge of one regiment, and Don Antonio 'Meneses of another, and that with both will come about 3,000 men, and he does not yet know who will have charge of the other thousand. That with these people and fleet his design is to go to Portugal, and lie takes many harquebuses and pikes to give the Portuguese. The Marquis asked him where he.proposed to land tie people Me said at the islands of Bayone or at Lagos, if the weather was propitious [trans, if the time would Berve] and if the weather were good, m any part of the coast where they could anchor. He asked also if it would be any let to their designs that they had lost the battle. He. said it would, and that he had spoken with

ELIZABETH.

'379

1582. some of those who left his ship by swimming to others among those that they should tell (?) Don Antonio that he would not have this news eome to Prance, and that it was the thing to make them lose heart there, notwithstanding that writings had passed between the Queen Mother and the Queen of England [trans, and that he should go into the Isle Terceira to encourage them which were there. End of translation^] And that the count had made all those capitulations and agreements, and that all would have been more advanced if Don Antonio had made better provision; and that in all that he had said his conscience moved him and nothing else. The Marquis asked him how Don Antonio was off for money. He said that in France he had none, hut in Tereera he had some, and in France great quantity of jewels of much value. He said also that in Tereera he had money, and- had to the number of 8,000 Portuguese with arms, and 1,200 French, and not much fewer English. That there he held thirty forts and that the fleet would go there to repair, and that Don Antonio would go there to reassemble his ships. %

The count made this relation on the 27th July 1582, the day on which he -died. Endd. Spm; 1% pp. [Portugal I. 88a.] (2) English translation of part of the above, in Jiatul of Sector Niinez.

Endd, Oct 13

,

384.

l£#p.

[Ibid. I. 88&J

MAUVISSIERE to WALSINGHAM

I have ere now written to you on behalf of certain French merchants who have' a matter on hand touching some sureties, in regard to which they have been and stall are at law, andtbea: cannons (?) every day molested and pulled about {tnwaMes), although the case is not decided, and the Judge of the Adnuralfey has [sic] reported to the Council according to the commission received by him. This is the reason why I again beg you on behalf of those merchants to write a word to Alderman Barnes (?) as the bearer of this desires, and as you will recognise to be reasonable, in order cannons may not be thus molested, and they may nave a little more relaxation than they have hitherto had; and that Suigo who is the author of the aetion and prosecutor therein may be more reasonable than he is at present, for which the merchants will be much obliged to you.—London, 13 October 1582. P.S.—(i» Mauvkaiere's own hand,, the above being in that of a clerk). Since Baiamonte is the bearer of this,. I thought i* well by the same opportunity to bid him take and present to you a «aaonal sent me by M. de Foix, my master's ambassador at Borne, with the request that I would lay it before her Majesty and fee Couned as a matter the ppubhe w ^^l matter wMeh wMeh he he deems deems of of great great use use and and necesei^ necesei^ toto of all Englandj which is what has made ton, as of all Englandj which is what has made ton, as W W writes writes me, me

•

.

POBUIGN PAPEBS.

A.D.1582.

address this memorial to me, remembering as he ever does the honour and favour which he received here. He further writes me that he would fain requite it on some good occasion; and bega me to answer him promptly, that he may keep the person who gave him. the memorial to transmit here in a good mind, as soon as her Majesty and the Council find it acceptable. Please say something about it to Baiamonte, ^ho will speak of it to the Lord Treasurer. Add, Kndd-. On behalf of the merchants of Toulouse. Fr. [France VIII. 67..] Oct 13

.

3 8 5 . CoBHAM to It is understood that an ambassador has arrived in England, sent from the Duke of Moseovia, to whom, if you please, it might be made known in what sort MB duke's ambassador has been used in Venice and Borne, and how the Pope only seeks the duke's acquaintance for his perdition there is sufficient cause to judge. The ambassador now in England would upon the notice of this advertise his duke, considering with how great indignity the Jesuit Padre Possevino at Venice lately withdrew almost violently in public show the Muscovite ambassador, when he with his, little number were ready to enter the Greek church in Venice to pray to God after the form of their duke's exercise of religion, and with reproach caused him to return from the Greek church; which act has given great cause of obloquy,, and made the Muscovite ambassador to be despised. Moreover it is understood the Pope entertains the Muscovite and.has caused him to send an ambassador to Rome only to put a jealousy between the Turk, and him, whereby there might arise a war; not caring whether of these were overcome, so they might iight and continue in arms while the Pope meantime may get leisure to advance his and the Spanish king's dignity in other places of Christendom. They further advertise how the Pope seeks to bring the Muscovite into a double servitude: first to himself m such sort that he must 'acknowledge of him his new faith and induction into the Papal Church,' through which the Pope is to make a great party and faction within the Muscovite States, because the prelacy will take their donations of all their bishoprics and benefices from the Pope. Besides the Pope intends to entangle the Muscovite in certain confederations with the Emperor against the lark and Poland, for the Emperor doubts the King oi Poland will demand certain ' holds' on the frontiers of- Hungary. Thus much bang informed' the Muscovite ambassador* he may thereby be moved justly for the service of his duke to' advertise it, whereby the Muscovite might be advised before he is tlms entrapped in the rapal servitude and treasons, which not prevented may prove prejudicial to himself and to other princes. And so it may thus toe rather be hoped that he being by tetter means instructed in tne elear religion of the 'Bvasgile' will the willinglier hearken I have been moved to 'remember' thvts m u e h to you upon &e desire i. few© the domimons of the Muscovite, though they be remote* should be instructed in the true exercise of God's religion;

ELIZABETH. A.D.1582.

'

881 ..•.:.

remembering withal how it might become noisome to our merchants if the Pope'a power should m any sort be stretched forth to those parts, which, my little eare herein I beseech you may not be misliked.—Paris, 13 October 1582. . Add, Endd. 2 pp. [France VIII. 68.] Oet 13

,

386.

GOBHAM to WALSINGHAM

I have had brought to my hands this packet, the cover of which was opened, and because I saw the letters had the direction you may see, I would leave the opening of it to you, with opinion they contained matter 'feete' to be first discovered in England, for the better service of her Majesty, notwithstanding by the directions and the seals I have cause to think the French ambassador in England deals much the favour o! the Scottish affairs, as I surmise other French ministers who serve about her Majesty do the like. I send herewith another packet directed to M. Marehaumont; it may be, if it be as I hear, that he -has letters in favour of d'Aubigny, in whose cause I hear he will deal with her Majesty. Thus those Scottish practices are handled as stumbling-blocks to be east in the way, ' for the impeaching of the marching to the settling in Scotland of God's word and will/ and to overthwart her Majesty's establishing of her further repose and strength. The example of uniting Portugal to Castile was found necessary to King . Philip; what Scotland may seem to her Majesty, God knows. Methinks the Scots may see how unprofitable the pensions of France are to them, and that they are used but to serve a turn, but her Majesty's graces are more natural; the favours received from England have been to better purpose than the French, And their uniting of themselves with England will be to their great profit and comfort, which God Bend it, to her Majesty's contestation and perpetual glory-—Paris, 13 October 1582. Add. Endd. 1 p.

Oet 18

•

387.

[Ibid. VIII. 69.]

JOHN KORBIS to WALSINCHIASI

The good affection wMeh you have always borne to soldiers and men professing arms, emboldens me-at present to commend to yoa the bearers hereof, Captain Prise and Captain Huntley, who for some private eauses of their own are making a short journey mto England. They are captains of my own regiment, and toy t t o t service have often made good proof of their sufficiency and ralew ; . and withal being of honest conversation, and alwaysi weU-aSectea to me, my trust is they.wiU be the better welcome. I beaeeph you to reeeivi them favourably, and wherein they shall bedriyento crave your countenance and aid during their 'small abode, please assist them with it, so that they may find iihis wy commendations ,; to you to have stood them in stead, ToueHne anything from lience, besides tae late arrival hero oj . the Prince of CMmay with Ms M y , fmd Bom small mmhesji the French, who are ksxed in taMog to fi&sfle of 'B.acove, not

382 A.D.

F0BEIGN PAfEES. 1582. far from Malines, there falls out nothing worth the advertising.— Antwerp, 13 October 1582. {Signed) J. Norreys. Add. Written by Danett, and endd. as from him. J p. [HoU. and FL XVII. 33.]

Oet 13

388.

THOMAS LONGSTON to WALSINGHAM

My last was written at Middelburg almost 14 days ago, but through lack of wind and good passage lay long at Flushing and I doubt is not yet come to your hands, for we fear the loss of the ship, wherein the post, with some ' other' young merchants of our Company, went to sea on the 5 th inst. My letter was of small importance but to give yet another reason of the Dutchmen's small shipping from Antwerp besides that your caveat might occasion; viz. since the loss of Lierre neither this town's men nor ' other' foreign merchants venture to bring any quantity of goods to this town except such as they know to be in effect sold beforehand, but detain and dispose of their goods at Cologne, Wesel, Dort and elsewhere. Besides, these men have cunning enough to ship their goods at other ports of this country than at Antwerp, and to consign them to ports in England other than London; which on this side will hardly be ' tried' or found out.

.

And for ' colouring' their goods by any of our, I hardly think that would be, for men will be loath to carry another man's goods to the market, whereby the good sale of their own should be hindered; so that in truth I know not how her Majesty will get contentment by arrest unless some of them resident in London should be touched for it. But I rather wish it might be otherwise satisfied.

This evening Paul Auradt sent me in writing certain words whereof please peruse the copy enclosed. Our merchants have agreed with the town of Middelburg for keeping the traffic there; which so stirs those of Antwerp that they have moved the duke not only to write, as it is said, to her Majesty for our stay, but to demand of us the reasons why we will go from Antwerp. These are easily given, for we have here neither convenient sale of our goods,, nor good wares to make return ; so that if we continue trafficking as for almost these 12 months vte have done in Antwerp, it, would not only pinch our merchants shrewdly, but also be greatly hurtful to our common wealth, as I know you much better judge and therefore I crave pardon. Mr Gilpin is not yet come from Augaburg. It is said that a hard decree has there been passed at the Diet, but my late coining from Middelburg does not permit me yet to know the certainty nor effiaet of i t But by Mr Herle, who departs for England with this post, yoa may know of it, if any such be. I have lent him 51 f>- And a w Stephen Lesieur being come from Cologne desires me to furnish him with 100 guilders for his provision into England; V , wherein for want .of your commission I know not what I may do, sad in not doing it, some inconvenience may grow. So if I csa

ELIZABETH. A.D.

388

1582. furnish him, I mean to do it, Wherewith, not having else, I take my leave,— Antwerp, 18 October 1682. Add.

Oct 18

389.

EnM.

1 p.

[Holl, and FL XVII. 34.]

PIETBO BIZAEEI to WALSOTGHAHI

Hither has lately come the Prince of Chimay, son and heir of the Date of Aersehot, with his family, and. has been kindly received by Ms Highness and his Excellency, who went to meet him as far as the Bivon (?), the place of disembarkation, and accompanied him to his lodgings, and so likewise before the magistrates of Antwerp. Please G-od he may remain constant as is hoped, in the good cause, and of the Eeligion, which he embraced, they say, through the means of his wife. The States' people, or rather his Highness's, are at present upon some enterprise in Brabant; and it is already said that we have taken a castle called 'Ecouen,' near a river and not far from Malines. The rest will be known as days go on. I am told that the Elector of Cologne has announced a Provincial Diet in his State, where the nobles and estates under his dominion are to meet on various business, and specially on the question of religion. I commend myself to you and Mr Robert Beale.— Antwerp, 13 Oct. 1582. Add, ETidd. ltd. OetU

%gp- {Roll, md Fl. XYIL 85.]

3 9 0 , JOHN COBHAM to WAISINGHAM Mr Norris and I have, according to your direction, chosen two gentlemen to hear and end the matter in controversy between, us. He has chosen Mr Knollys, and I Mr Yorke. Mr Norris refuses to be bound to stand to their award, and therefore they have done nothing but talked of the matter, nor mean to do, so far as 1^ can perceive. I have offered to show Mr Norris all my writings, whereby I claim that money, hut he refuses to see them, alleging that none could decide the matter hut the Prince and the Estates. The Treasurer of the Wars was appointed, by a warrant from the Prince and the Estates, to pay Mr Norris all the money due for the 11 ensigns, of which my 3 were parcel. Mr Norris has paid the 8 companies all their right, and only detains what is due to me for my 3 companies by a prime contract, as he says, between the Prince and him; which is unlikely, because the Prince never meddles with the Estates* money. So I am forced, if I would have my right, to know by petition what has passed privily between the Prince and him. He says that rather thanf I should have the money which remains in bis hands for my dead pays/lie will deliver it back to the Estates on his account and reckoning. By this you may easily judge how he deal© with me. The news here are but small. The Frenchmen went out two days since and took two casMes, oixe called 'Iceoe, the other I from the enemy. They I t e d apoa iase w e r of Lieim

884

FOBEIGN PAPEES.

A.D.1582.

*

•

The Englishmen lie at •' Burganhoth' still, and will remove to no service until they have their pay. The Freneh have encamped near ' Maeklku'—Antwerp^ 14 October 1582. Add. EnU. l^pp. [Roll, and FL XVII. 36.] Oet 14

391.

STOKES to WALSINGHAM

My last was the 7th inst. since which the magistrates have received as follows. The Prince of Parma at his being beside Lille and those parts made "great provision of all manner of victuals and specially of grain; for by good advice this week from Lille, his meaning was to have lain all this winter in those parts and to have laid siege to Meenen or Ypres. So they write from sundry places his sudden departure must greatly import him, because he has lost such ' commodity' of time as he will not again get in those parts in long time; for it seems by their writing he had those parts at a great advantage. Since the Prince of Parma's departure from those parts, those of Meenen began to be very busy with them of the new ' bulwark' of Eallewyn j for which cause he has sent them for their better aid a regiment of 10 ensigns of foot and 5 cornets of horse. Also the Prince of Parma sent to St Omer's, Aire, and Lille to take in Spaniards to lie in their towns but for this winter; and to •this the governors of the towns Were •willing to yield at his desire. But the burghers and soldiers will not yield to it, and so with most humble suit they have desired the prince not to trouble them with any, for they will have none. Which answer he takes in very evil part, and specially against those of Lille* in whom his whole trust was that they would not refuse him. The Scotch companies that lay at Dunkirk by command from Monsieur, have departed thence and are sent into Brabant, greatly to the discontent of the Four Members of Flanders, for they had rather have kept the Scots than the French in their town. The Prince of Parma with some of his camp, lies within fonr leagues of Brussels, and the rest lie scattering beside Douay, where it is thought they cannot tarry long because victuals and forage are very scarce there. They also write from Lille that Monsieur's forces from France have passed the Somme. But they write they are not so many «j number as: at first was reported; •which seems to be so, for by good report the Prince of Parma is not afraid of their coming. The Prince of 3i!pmoy is this week come to this town, to get *kf good wills and consents of Bruges and the ' Free' e to be governor of Flanders, for those of Ghent have granted him that good will &• this order'; they_ have named three, of whom he is one, and w6 others axe the Prince of Orange and Count William, one of Ootwt John's sons. So the Four Members of Flanders must give their answer* herein particularly, as they shall think good, aixd Monsieur

ELIZABETH. A.D.

385

1582. and,, the Prince of Orange have -written them greatly in favour of Epinoy. But lor all that, I understand that Bruges, the ' Free' and Ypres will hardly yield to it, because they say it will be a great • - charge to the country and little service; and besides he is a great favourer of the Catholic religion.—Bruges, 14 October 1582. Add. Endd. 2 pp. [IIoll. and Fl, XVII. 37r.]

Oct 14

392.

AUDLEY DANETT to WALSINGHAM;

Since my last of the 7th ingt. nothing has been done by the forces left in Guelder land, but expectation and good hope that they will be. able ere long to recover some of the castles there from the enemy, who Is said to be in a manner wholly retired out of those parts towards some part of Brabant. The States of Guelders and JPriesland have insisted to have Mr Norris remain among them, alleging Count William to be too young and altogether disliking Count Hollock. But the enemy having retired thence, and his Highness being desirous, as he says, to have Mr Norris remain near about him, I cannot have any hope he will be employed in those parts. He is at present greatly in favour with Monsieur to all outward seeming; greatly made of, since his coming from Loch em, by his Highness and all his. A day or two ago,-he'told the general that Jbe would sup with Mm as this Sunday night; which will be performed, and already good . provision is made for his reception. I hope this good beginning betokens some better usage towards our English troops; whereof they have great need, being in such hard plight, and no order taken for their relief, notwithstanding Mr Norris has most earnestly solicited their eause, and receives so good answer from his Highness that it would indeed seem he pitied their extremity, and had great care to relieve it. Our English companies, being lately called on to go to some piece of service with the French, refused flatly to Btir one foot before order given for their pay; whereupon the French only went to the service of the castle of Ecehove, which was surrendered to them on the 13th by composition. Their forces remain still about Malines, to be employed, as it is thought, to some other enterprise in those paxts. Two English companies, which have remained a while in garrison at Alst, have very lately been drawn out from thence aad milk to the camp, and so have the four companies of Scots in the town of Dunkirk, and that place is now wholly kept by French aad Walloons. M. de Chamois, whose regiment in &i Dunkirk, hits so prevailed there that M. * Ttirlon,' the governor, has no 'devotion to return to that charge, but follows altogether the rrmce of Orange ; and so also divers other gentlemen of this country, not without some show of discontentment with the Fretted This morning the rumour is secretly in the Coaxk i&at the Fi-epefe companies employed for. the taking of 'Ecehove' w«re y w t e W , since the taking of it, defeated by the enemy not to torn MaUses. There is some likeliliood that this teport may ytontxaa, fixing®- ^ yet I am not able to learn the eertatnfy. By tt» fl*» nomrettunt 16057

38© A.D.

FOREIGN PAPERS. 1582. messenger I will advertise you of it, and the particulars. If the news prove true, it may be his Highness will not stir abroad tonight, and then Mr Nome's provision will be in hazard to be left. Please excuse me that I make an end before I am well advised whether any thing else remain to be advertised. His Highness's coming puts us to some trouble, being not wonted to- provide for such guests.—Antwerp, 14 October 1582. • ; Add.

Oetl4&15

-

393.

Encld.

l j pp.

[Holl. and Fl. XVII.

88.]

D E HECTOR NUNEZ to WALSINGHAM:

This day I received a letter from a friend of mine in Flanders, which ' i3 borne' in the Isle of Tercera. He tells me he has received a letter from thence, dated the 17th of September. The news are, that they are too strong for the Spaniards all this winter. The Frenchmen came there full of sickness, and are sick still, and have infected likewise the people of the country, and 10 or 11 of them die every day. Those who are in health are settled in honest men's houses, who are very sore troubled with them; and they abuse their wives and children, and they had leave to spoil the houses of those who took Eing Philip's part, ' and were' fled into the woods, and took about 15 gentlemen's wives to them and carried with them prisoners to the sea, and there ! were' like to be abused by the Frenchmen, and with much ado saved their honesty, and so by the means of some honest men. who spoke in their behalf to the king, they were brought ashore again, and are kept all together in a house as prisoners. What will become of them no man can tell. They lack corn, wine, and oil; as for money there is none but such as Don Antonio has 'quinead' [coined], that is.to say, the silver money with two third parts of brass and the third in silver, the gold with two-thirds copper and one gold. There was a * coolidge of, Jessuesyts,' which was made a hospital for the sick, and the Jesuits were carried aboard of a ship which has neither mast nor sails and with a rotten cable, ready to be broken with the first storm, and after this sort they will sink them, because they took always King Philip's part. By the king's command a strait enquiry is made of their substance and debts, and he has taken almost all from them. And there was a vineyard digged, and a g r e a t ' substance' found of money and gold and household stuff, and all was forfeited to the king, and likewise the vineyard ' forfeit for' the king, and sold by-and-by by proclamation. And this is fch.6 poor estate of the poor island and the inhabiters thereof.— 14 October 1582. P,S,—Robert Smythe was here with me, and he told me he was with you, and you 'would have, to talk' with me. ' And' he could agree with me, you would be glad to deal with ns both. I answered him that if the ' overpluehe ' that he demsuads were commodious for us both, I would be content to deal with him, and I desired bun

ELIZABETH. A.D.

587

158& to show me what it was, and so I promised him I would never' step in his suit.' And so he showed me his demand, which in my opinion ' there' is great folly, for he desires that he may dress within the realm the said pelts and transport them over, paying treble custom. And I told him that he brings himself into great inconvenience, for he offers to be at treble charge for the transporting, and other men pay single custom for it; for it is lawful for every man to convey them ready dressed, paying ordinary custom. Eu if he could bear the other men to transport them, either dressed or undressed, that were somewhat; but it is a thing against all reason because many poor men live by it. Therefore it is not to be demanded, ' and for to be granted,' yet I promised him for his satisfaction to go ask counsel in it. And so I have, and I was with Mr Owen, and he told me just ' and' I have said. But I perceive the said Smythe is a busy fellow, for yesterday he was with Customer Smythe to entreat me in his behalf, and I answered him as I have said before; and with that he was satisfied, saying that I had a good cause to crave some recompense at her Majesty's hands for my losses. He was also with ' Androus Deslowe,' and he demanded what he would give for the reversion of his lieense, and he offered him £800 for it, and no more, saying that the troubles in ^Flanders altogether hinder the dealing in it. Therefore I beseech you stand my friend in it as you have been, and if it be my fortune to have it, that I may have 10 or 12 years in it; for in that space I hope that either I or my heirs will be ' restored to' my losses. And forasmuch as you know my lady ' Susicis' has been my good lady in this matter, I thought it good to advertise her the state of it, and she ' takes on' very much in it, saying that it is her hoiiesty and credit lost if another man should ' step in her suit/ And she sent me word that she would send her steward to Smythe, and she swore to the messenger that if she were near her Majesty, she would ' bagge' (gjr. beg) the same herself, rather than trouble any man more in it.—From my house, 15 October 1582. Add.

OctlS

Endd.

2 pp.

[Portugal L 89.]

3 9 4 . HENEY KNOLLI-S to WitsmeHAM Ever since the receipt of your letters, I have been with the General in Guelderland at the raising of the siege before Loehera, a long and tedious journey; I hope a sufficient excuse for mv long silence. And since I doubt not but that you are already sufficiently informed touching the particulars of thai enterprise, I spare to write of it at large; assuring only thus much, that if any_ man whatsoever list to challenge to himself, by his own policy or 'valeure* to have been the cause of the enemy's rising from thence, surely any sueh but utters his own vain-glorious humour thereby, neither shall he deserve at any fciiae hereafter saeh. m extraordinary favour at Ood's hands. Some infonaere oi their oym fancies from henee allege that a mutiny amongst themselves was *h« occasion of iiheit sudden departure, hni since that #flae we find

888

.

FOREIGN PAPEB8.

A.D.1582.

for a certainty the contrary of that. Some, seeking rather to .be the first than the truest advertisers, have hoth said and written that the soldiers within the town, by mating a desperate sally upon one of the enemy's sconces and winning it, drove such a discouragement into them that thereupon they raised their siege. . This report is likewise untrue; they of the town indeed sallied out in our presence, but they suddenly retired in again a speedier pace than they came out, and of seven captains that, came forth, six returned sore wounded, some to death. The likeliest conjecture that I c&n gather of their dislodging, was a rumour spread among themselres that General Norm with all his regiment was arrived against them, and that the reSt of our forces was treble ' to ' what it was indeed. A confirmation to that conceit of theirs was this: the nest morning after our arrival before the town, having only a little river between us and the enemy, our general—without whose direction our chief leaders, Count William of Nassau and Count Hollosk his assistant, would determine nothing, although his own regiment were not there, saving only his 8 companies of cavalry—by break of day set all our forces in such an order of battle that they seemed to the enemy treble ' to' what they were indeed. This probable .conjecture we may please ourselves withal; but in truth God gave them faint hearts without any cause ministered to them by us, for in two days* skirmishing with them, we rather ' lived by the loss'; the town was not able to hold out three days longer; they left more victuals in their camp than we had in ours to live with; their number was above 6,000 foot, whereof 2,500 armed pikes, and 900horse—ours did not exceed 8,000 foot and 1,400 horse; they marched, away orderly, like soldiers, sending all their baggage before them, without leaving, so much as one wounded or siek man behind. Besides • that, they stood in order of battle the (lay of their departure, before they began to march away, almost until noon, like challengers against all defendants; but we were ue* hasty to hinder their passage. The town itself, but of small importance and less force; the enemy never laid any batteringpiece against it, but' enforced' it by famine. It was relieved only for their sakes that were in it, as three young brothers, Counts of Bergen, nephews to the Prince of Orange, and to the number of l,'5OO captains and soldiers that had 'recovered' the town for thensafety at their late overthrow. From thence we returned into Brabant, where we find our poor people, for want of pay or victuals, in pitiful plight, consumed almost to nothing, in 82 ' ancients' scarce so many score men, and likely to diminish before they increase; little regarded by ' these country men * but when they serve like drudges, and most disorderly persons if they be never so little pampered. At present they refuse to serve without a pay; the officers ready to give oV?r their charge, the soldiers careless what becomes of themselves; «* truth-neither of them that acknowledge themselves to be bound w their country for anything but their birth^-a birth^a weak bond to reebt thenxeskm their lawless necessity. Unless God give them greater grace tia» such people are commonly 'indewed' with, I find them almost m in one predicament, and excepting some few, the rest i» "* conscience,' lease' nothing by the bargain if they ™a^nnre

ELIZABETH.

•

889

1582. Jacob's pottage for all their patrimony. The better sort of them stick not to say that they have nothing to lose in England, nor any gain here but what they get of him that wih1 give most. Yet I , know that clivers of them are there taken for gold by their 'glystering,' and here tried to lie bat copper by their 'twitch.' They count honesty a heretic, and true dealing a schismatic against their profession; they allow no care of religion; in one word, they are all hirelings; and therefore I doubt not but that you accordingly consider of all reports that come from hence, not •what they are; but from whom they come. Our general in my opinion lives in most miserable case of all others, but that God has bestowed on him an extraordinary patience to conquer all passions; for among all his followers he has no one assuredly to trust to, but, if he be willing, he wants wisdom, and if he have wit, he lacks honesty. In time of their necessity they fawn upon him humbly, and when their turn is served they frown upon him arrogantly. They all can do nothing without him, and yet they envy * at' big honour. To the Estates he is tedious in suing to relieve his companies, and of his ungrateful troops he is daily slandered for not doing more for them than he may. He is forced to forbear of executing discipline duly, for he may not in equity punish sharply whom he eannot pay truly. I am not able to set down the hundredth part of the crosses that he suffers daily, yet seems not to feel them; neither can I do less in my conscience for my country than heartily to pray that such & man be not suffered to be drowned in so unworthy a place and company. Fresh rumours are daily raised of the coming of greafc troops from Prance; but while the grass grows, the horse starves. The condition of 'these country men' is strange; for they are miserable and yet glorious, fantastical and irresolute in their own proceedings; craving help of all men, yet trusting no man; neither can I blame them much ' to be* jealous of their own estate. I cannot term them better than a confusion of conceits. If their French helpers come in too slow, their turn is not served; then they renounce AUeza and all his race. If too fast (which jet I tea no cause to fear), they say that they have but changed a win.* on the tables .-with the Spaniard. In either of these extremities tttey resolve that there is no remedy but out of England; yet iiad they rather lose one of their own eyes, than that we should see mat both. Yet surely, unless my eyesight dazzle in levelling at sokt£li a mark, her Majesty may at leisure advise of the matter, or W Cui faveo vwcit;

or if she list, be hex- own e&tvGt. BaM

if it please her still to hold the balance in «wh sort as she lias done, yet is it wirfied that to own awi m P eat her own money; for to the Spaniard the feajfflg o men or monev is all one, and to her Majesty it m fa* »**» [«e]. So - t o "cart a fool's bolt quiddy-elfta spare a dear year, or else spend it to ^ I ^ P ' my saucinesa for wriiinglms plainly, owe you, lor your honourable oonrtaoes d my due obse/va&n of all d a t o . m f t f f l e ^ writ© what I know to be teae. His Highness

390 • A.D.

FOREIGN PAPERS.

1582. twytche withal' with this currish kind of people; yet certainly he omits no honourable means that may be to gain their good wills, I see the world almost become Malcontent. Myself in best plight, for I have least to care for here, but in worst ease when I consider the unfortunate cause of my coming hither. At my first arrival here, when I proffered my service to his Highness, he seemed not to be ignorant that her Majesty's displeasure conceived against me by the sinister solicitations oi the Spanish ambassador was cause of my coming over; which considered, together with my race, as he says, and my 'chargeable ' serving of him with men and horses at my own cost, he could not do less than thankfully accept of my service and also procure by all means he might get her Majesty's favour for me again. I confess that I was very glad to hear his honourable offer, and acknowledge myself worthy to be condemned by all men, if I would not seek her good grace by every good mean; yet certainly, fearing her farther disfavour, I was fully determined to forbear this manner of doing myself good and rather choose to smother myself in the smoke of my own ' Melancholyke' than once take breath abroad by revealing my disgrace at home, unless himself had first broken the matter to me, with promise to prosecute it in my behalf. God knows how greatly I gape for some good fruit of his labour and my travail. Whereunto I beseech you to put to your helping hand. I understand from his Highness that Don Benardiiio is ' upon departure' out of England. All her Majesty's displeasure go with him; I can wish him no greater plague, if he esteems her favour as I do. I beseech you that by this bearer I may_ hear from you, and know some certainty of her Majesty's opinion towards, me, that I may dispose of the rest of my life thereafter. I live at great charge, which I am not able to continue long. Without hopes of her favour I am resolved rather to serve the Turk than to return to England. Upon answer from you, I am determined to set down for myself s o m e ' p l a t t ' of 'wearing out'the rest of my life. Our forces are too weak to perform any great matter this winter. • JLhe Prince of Parma, with his army, awaits the coming of the French succours upon the frontiers, and, as it is said, has got Lambrisaye ' without' a stroke striking.' The enemy daily vans towns and castles of importance from u s ; our relics of a eamp S ut uU1' t i m e *" recovering small forts and sconces, whereat although there has been no resistance, M. de Rochepot has fonnd the means, it is said, to catch a ' harquebuzado ' through his ana. l see him keep his bed, and hear the blow is great; whether it be so or not, at least the excuse will be honourable and reasonable in the face of the world to forsake his office of generalship here before he be forced thereto. •

Yesterday his Highness did our general the honour to bid himself, the Princes of Orange and Chimay, to supper, with a great wsff otters, with very short warning : yet they had great and honourable entertainment, to his great cost, and their great contentment. weU& tilings considered at this present he might very ill f>« i & J have sparedsnch a 'flease' [^.fleeoe].—Antwerp, 15October 1582.

AM. Bndd. dpp. . [Holl md FL XVU. 89 j

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582. Oet 16

395.

S91

MAUVISSIERE to AYAT^INOHAJI

I will write this by the opportunity of M. du Buissean, who is going to see you to give yon an account of his journey, and oi his doings with the Queen his mistress, and how he was made prisoner by the will of the Earl of Shrewsbury, knowing no reason except 'policy' and will, which is '8k volo sic jabe-o.' I will leave this among the deliberations of the Queen's Council, to say that if M. du Buisseau by your means had the honour of speaking to her and of kissing her hands, he would lay before her some letters which the Queen of Boots has written to her, and inform her of the sincere will she has to render all her actions acceptable to her, as she says she is always ready to give aeeount of them in the past in everything touching the matters which can concern them. Herein I beg you kindly to assist M. du Euisseau, with the same favour which you have shown him hitherto on his journey and to let him return here; which is not easy (?) without your help to assist him, in giving him a passport with some little horses [sic] of no importance which were given him on that side, and to M. Nan's brother and their people to bring them back, rather than they should put up with hired horses. Whereof Cotircelles, whom I am sending with this, will tell you the rest, if you will kindly hear him, for which, referring to him, I will further importune you only, if occasion serves, to kiss her Majesty's hands for me and assure her that I shall ever have a good will to serve her, and yourself. As for the Queen of Scots, she always says one and the same thing: that the more sincere and loyal you are in the service of your mistress, the more cause she will have to trust in you, as she sends me word by M. du Euisseau that she wishes to do. But she also begs you to be favourable to her in things just and reasonable; and I, to send me a word to say how Scotch affairs are going. _ I do not want to write or send thither for fear of causing suspicion to her Majesty, such as she ought not to conceive of ine, unless for losing and honouring her among all the princes of the world.—London, 16 October 1582. • ' Add. Oct 17

396.

Endd.

Fr.

Bpp.

[France, YIIL 70.]

COBHAM to WALSWG-HAM

Ihs king with his young queen came hither on the Sfkinst, and lodged at the Louvre. Since then he has shown himself abroad, playing at the ' Payle Mayle' in the I'mleries m exerase, with his accustomed countenance and show of health, and fhmag cheerfully, and in better state than was reported before Ins coming. His queen likewise is returned with, her acoustomed favour, and disposition of health. His Majesty appointed me to have access to bim ou the 14&, but upon some other occasion happened, unknown as yet w me, went again to Bollenville on the ISA. He is now wtuawd, and

' am * promised by Secretary Brulait to have a u t o e s tomorrow; whereof I am yet iu doubt/ considering the oifcfir a m t a s a t e s we referred Mil the 21st, which will be Sunday next.

392 A.D.

FOBEIGN PAPERS. 1582.

• . . . . I have solicited M. Brularfc for their Majesties' letters to their ambassador on behalf of the English agent to be sent to Constantinople; but he defers me until I-speak with the king myself. I find in him, as it seems to me, some misliking of the matter, to have an English agent sent to Constantinople. The Queen Mother, in the absence of the king, was very much pressed by the Bishop of Glasgow and the fautors of the Scottish faction to send a gentleman into Scotland, to deal with the young king and the lords in favour of d'Aubigny and hia enterprises. Howbeit I hear now the king has considered better thereof, not consenting to intermeddle so openly in the affairs of Scotland, to the discontentment of her Majesty, as by sending an express gentleman; which it is conceived might kindle further troubles in Scotland, and become nothing profitable to the affairs of Fiance at this instant. They had chosen one 'Manningvil' to be sent into beotland, a Korman, an earnest Papist as I have been informed, Though these apparent demonstrations be stayed and qualified, it is yet to be doubted lest underhand there will be eoine French working. . M. de Senegas is returned very ^vell satisfied with the speeches

i

er +

u 3 £ s t y has used to llim

i n the behalf

«f his M « g ;

but seems

that he has not found the Duke of Brabant so well inclined to Ms King s desn-es as he hoped. Th £ kiag went in the afternoon of Friday the 12th to the Bois de Vincent, where he saw and spoke apart with Salcedo in a chamber dressed up' in the keep where Salcedo was then prisoner. And afterwards at the same time the king caused his Chief President de lhouand President Perrot to question 'with' Salcedo in his ™ " I S -when he denied that which he affirmed before the Duke of Brabant, concerning the Guises and others. Cardinal Birague and Uuvemy were likewise present. On the 14th Saleedo was Drought to the Bastille, here beside my lodging, where he is-.sti-aitly kept, and it is supposed will be racked. The Duke of Lorraine has sent hither to the king the Baron oi Assemble, • to entreat, as T am informed, that he will cause balcedos examinations to be understood by the Court of Parlement his a ?d, 1 aa " ll tt his process may may be be made made publicly, publicly for the MJ* ? ,1 " 'process' mff aa m myy W Which hem ddive d of t h e said m h i c h hh aa SS hem dake ' d d i v e ™ d '.' of • The king has said openly that he has long lived in private sort but he was resolved now ow to pass his time in 'more greater eonvewaeonvewa f^l ^ e n aa nnoottee ttoo ^^ masters masters of of his his household household, wherein wherein 8> a a d d n k e s T f h m ' * ? oi tor the most part, to dine publicly with the king at his own table; so that already the Cardinal of Guisef the Duke of Guise, the Prince al& Pri &e B ai i e off is • Epernon, and other princes, Ta J ^ e i ^ 3 E d th inces ta e H e hae fnrther »A'^ ? ordered that every Sunday, and T1:Ll S{Ja , F y afer dinner there should be dancing openly ?!? n8< * aml) af. and after supper in the great hall; com-

ELIZABETH. A.D.

'

3

1582. His Majesty has Rent for M, d'O to the Court, -who was one of his minions, to be ' naiiced' to Villequier's only daughter and heir; whereon it is reported he will return to some good place a'nd grace •with the king, and the marriage be presently accomplished. The Duke of Elbceui departs to be married to the daughter and heir of the Count of Oharni, Grand Escuycr of France, who is lieutenant-general for the king in Burgundy, in the absence of the Duke of Maine. By this marriage the Duke of Elbosuf will have< great possessions, whereby the House of Guise •will become the' better strengthened. This marriage was once 'assigned'for Duke Joyeuse. This Count Oharni was son to Guy Chabot, Seigneur de Brion, Admiral of France in the time of King Francis Le Grand, It is understood the king has granted to the duke of Elbceuf the office of Grand Eseuyer; so that the House of Guise proceed by all means to draw to them all the principal governments and offices in France.

•

The king caused M. de ' Kosselieu/ his provost, with his archers to enter Eliano Calvi's house on the 11th inst., and to seize on all his books and writing, 'resting' him prisoner the 12th. And on the 13th there came to his house with the provost one of Secretary Tilleroy's clerks, who understands both the Italian and Spanish tongue, by whom all the books and writing were ' overviewed,' retaining two or three packets directed out of Spain to Flanders; but nothing was found in Signor Calvi's dealing which might give cause of offence. Notwithstanding, the provost delivered to him a command signed with the king's hand, to the effect that he should depart from Paris within three days, and from the realm within 15 days. To which Calvi answered that he was willing to obey the king; and thereon went to surrender himself on the third day prisoner, seeing he eoWd not in so short a time recover the money due to him nor pay am debts. Before so much were done, he could not depart in honourable sort. Since that time he has spoken with the Queen Mother, so the rigour of the king's command is deferred. But if it Blight please the Queen to write in favour of Bliano Calvi to the Duke of Brabant, she would bind him and his house to her service. Of Ms disposition in all manner of ways Horatio Pallavieini can give certain information. Moreover I would beseech you to do some good offices towards her Majesty on behalf of Signer Calvi, for whiehl shall rest bound to you. He has helped me with money sundry tunes. The king has likewise caused the books and writings of' Gufesard' Cappello, the banker, and Ottaviano de la Torn, with oflier Gen""* merchants trading with the Spaniards, to be dealt with as with Cam. Count Ottavio Landi of whom I wrote * n m J f o l ™ e r ^f3^ be come here in secret sort from the Prraee of Fanna s eainp, Mb now made himself known to their Majesties by flieans of the ambassador of Ferrara, professing himself to be flw honmbM with the the Duke Duke of of Ferrata and sayiag thafene ha* servant in wages • with e retied ffrom-tne retired t n e Prince of Parma's eamp eamp, ' ' f f l ^ * ^ a K Parma sent some seei'etly to mm&& him tot f had that he was of the confederacy with tos nnete m s

.894 A.D.

FOREIGN PAPEES. 1582. the Duke executed with divers others of the house of Landi. Howbeit the Count is known to have been for a long time an entile favourite of the Prince of Parma's, having been employed by him in Spain and Italy in divers messages of greatest importance. So he purposes to stay here, as he professes, for awhile, and has a will, as I am informed, to visit me, with desire to see England. In this -I shall ' p a s s ' nothing till I hear further from you what you think good for me to do therein. There came in his company Signor Giulio Ascanio ' delli Onoti [qy. Onesti] Bolonnesi/ who is lodged at the nuncio's house, and is to pass into Italy. The Duke Joyeuse is not yet returned from Marseilles and Languedoc, where he haa been some days, to see his father and deal in certain officers of the king's in those parts, of the particulars of which I have not been informed. The six Englishmen brought hither prisoners for raracy are now sent from hence to the galleys, which are at Marseilles. My Lord Yaux's son is come hither, accompanied by ' Apolidor' Morgan. The English papists say that one of Lord Yanx's sous will become a religious man, and receive the orders of their priests. It is thought the coming over of Englishmen should be now as good a trade as in other times the passing over of geldings; or else it is not to be imagined they would resort hither so easily and in such great number. They have written to me from Germany that George Zoleher has long since departed out of Germany by way of Manders. I enclose herewith a letter of M. Lansac's. I send you ' Carolo Emanuel' the Duke of Savoy's letters, ratifying and licensing the Popes new calendar, with the bull of the Pope's nuncio ligier in that Duke's Court for the publishing of the same. The French e granted granted to to this this ntmcio ntmcio that that the the Pope's Popes calendar calendar ™ g h «s likewise der ir^A printed ^A i ?? ™ ™ d e r kis kis privilege priil i t d andd published.—Paris, blihdPris 17 .October 1582. Add. and endt. gone. Qpp.

Oct 17

397'

[France VIII. 71.]

COBHAII to T5TAL8IHGHAM

I a m inf ormed by very good means that.the French king5* ambassador hgier in Venice has declared to the Signori that his Majesty has renewed the league with the Switzere; which power, TOgetner with the forces of France, he offered in the king's name to mat state, to be employed by them in any of their enterprises, and to serve in their defence against any who shall in any sort assail uiem. i i n s king a ambassador has further informed the Signon and lamented to them that Saleedo and others had confessed that tftebpamshkmg had stirred up divers indisposed persons to slay nia brofcner, who has not deserved any such malicious act, considering he was called and entreated by the States to come into Flanders D ion ? S MM earnest solicitations, proceeding therein like a prince.

ELIZABETH.

395

A.D. 1582.

Moreover the ambassador declared to them that this king had many occasions given him to 'break wars' with King Philip, and notwithstanding is filling to entertain the amity. This much I have received concerning these affairs. I understand that the Yeniee ambassador tigier in this Court is in the next audience to congratulate the king from the Signori for the establishment of the confederacy he has made with the Switzers, and withal to offer their purse and means in his service, and to demand assurance of assignation for the former sums they have lent him; leaving the manner and the days of payment to his pleasure, so that the assignations be kept. I hear the king's ambassador hag done the like offices as he did to the Signori, to the Dukes of Ferrara and Mantua. The Bishop of Glasgow delivers to hia secret friends, that the Scottish king after the late receiving of her Majesty's letter, presently tore it in pieces, and remained passionately affeeted to d'Aubigny; the Nuncio declared to a party of quality that d'Aabigny was in a strong castle with intention not to depart out of Scotland as long as any hope of relief remained, having beside a good party in the realm. I have spoken with Mac Goyh&gan, who has told me that he is presently to depart in the company of Nugent, but he would not tell me whether they went to the Pope or to ike King of Spain; but to one of those places. He promised to write to me, and wherever he : becomes,' to remain true to her Majesty, and whenever he may have pardon, he will return to England, though he was in the company of forty thousand; having given me thereon his handMr Paget today requested my servant to inform me how he purposes to repair presently to Eome, where his abode, as he supposes, may least displease her Majesty; adding many protestations how, as he showed you at your being here, as long as he might enjoy his ' living' he would not seek any other prince, but that taken from him, he would be constrained to help bis estate otherwise. I hear there are sundry Irish friars gone into Ireland. Enclosed I send a letter sent me by CavalieroGiraldi, whereby you may partly perceive how I have importuned him for the money due apon his bills, and you may see his promises, which I hope to ( do so much' that he shall pejform. I assure you the Spanish ambassador receives and bestows here great sums of money; which I know by very good ways. 4 In the end,' with your pardon, I must of necessity now write herewith a 'littell Kereyleysmi' concerning my partiealar cause, first thanking you for the remembrance you 'show1 m youi- late letters to have of that my heavy ' amrilMly' Au% Therewith 1 refer it to your ordering, beseeching you to pat me out of pam, and out of this beggar's press. I assuse you jay mm is almost

396

FOBEIGN PAPEES.

A.D. 1582.

. . smothered with the inward press. I ' return ' to beseech y*ou to ' do for' me, and the Almighty give you contentation.—Paris, 17-October 1582. P.S.—They write that the Duke of Savoy has concluded a marriage with the Duke of Florence's daughter, with whom he will have 2,000,000 crowns; which being employed ' in bank,' will yield the Duke of Savoy 100,000 crowns a year. The Dukes of Ferrara and Mantua niislike this match. Add. Endd. 3 pp. [Ibid. VIII. 72.]

?ca.Octl7

3 9 8 . OOEHAM to They gave me to understand that the king's servant in England [said] that lie had received a dispatch wherein the king had agreed to all that Monsieur had demanded touching the •marriage and for the charges of the tears; which dispatch Mamissiere would not show her Majesty, because there were words with which she would not have been pleased ; meaning upon some equivocation of words. It is .understood that Jier Majesty requires that England should not enter in no manner of sort into war with the Low Countries, but that Monsieur and the French king shall dispense those matters. The king they say agrees thereto, ' so the marriage proceed.' Fragment. Endd.: Sir II. Cdbham cypher. [France VIII. 72a.]

Oet 17

,

399.

FRANCISCO GIBALDES to COBHAM

I would not for all the world have you hold me for a person of so little honour as to leave this realm without first discharging my debt to Sir F. Walsingham, even though I knew I should remain eloakless, in order not to injure in any way the reputation I always preserved in England, as you know. It is true that ]with some money which has come to me I have in part ' stopped the expense of my household, and paid some debts; with which I am going ahead as best I can, though there are not wanting calumniators and enemies to whom I should like to tell the jrosition of mJ mind, which every day is more firm than aver not to fail of my word and promise towards you and Sir F. Walsingham, nor in the ' reverence I have all my life paid to her Majesty the Queen of England. Wherefore be assured that I shall honourably satisfy you, because,I expect with the next ordinary post from Spain the further remittance of the monies that were ready for my provision. And I shall not be so ill-bred as to depart without first kissing your hands; it is now some time since I have been able to do at. And please God it may be soon, that I may escape once for all from the troubles I have suffered so long. My son has departed for Italy to visit the Duke of Savoy on behalf of Dona Caterina and the Duke of Braganza; and so to Mantua and Parma. See if you can command any service of him, since he and I will ever obey you in a greater matter.—Paris» J 17 October 1582, * ^ ~ Endosed in No. S97. Add. Endd. in England. ltd. 1 ¥• • {France VIII. 79.]

ELIZABETH.

897

A.D.1582.

? Oct 17

Before

4 0 0 . Decipherment in Beetle's hand of a passage in Cobhatn's of Oct. 17, No. 397 ; and of the fragment following t*,JVTo. 898. Endd, %1>. [IUd, VIII. 74.] •

401.

[COBHAM

to WALSINGHAM]

There is now come hither the Count Octavio Landi from the camp of the Prince of Parma, most favoured of the prince and one ol his minions, I know where he is lodged hi this town. There is come in his company a count from Bologna, lodged at the Pope's chief ' minister's house. The said minion of the Prince of Parma •was on the second of this month secretly two hours in the King of Spain's agent's hoxise. He gives out that he mil pass into Italy, hut it is supposed lie will take the way into Spain, whereof I trill advertise Monsieur's man; though I find he and Marchaumonfc are too much affected to the Duke of Guise, as I have seen partly with my eye3. Juan de Monti, Vitelli's kinsman, is looked for to come hither secretly, to pass into Spain. They make me understand the French king is in no danger and that ere long Monsieur will return to Prance. I have been informed that the Bishop of Glasgow and the Duke of Guise have sent dispatches into Italy and Spain about the affair of- Scotland. The Guises are waxen more humble than accustomed and fear Salcedo's sayings may tarn them to wreck. They find their allies not so constant as they esteemed; but there wants not will, courage, nor bad disposition, if their aim served. Copy in hand of Ii. Beak. Endd; 1582, decyphred. Scotland, Ijp..' '{France FIT/. 75.] Oct 18

402.

WALSINGHAM to COBHAII:

Her Majesty's pleasure is that for answer to the speeches let toll to you by Queen Mother touching the affairs of Don Antonio, you should put her in mind (if she happen.to renew that 'motion, ami not otherwise) of what passed last year between their Majesties touching this matter, delivered by us hoth, and afterwards renewed here to the ambassador: that if her Majesty received «iffi*Mart assurance to be backed and assisted by the Mng, m case the Jsxng of Spain should attempt anything to the prejudge of her or hei subjects in revenge for her assisting Don Antonio, andrise1grant her a eounter-arrest against the King of Spain's a l e t t e fea&iu! m France, in case her subjects or their goods should manHUM* occasion be arrested in the King of Spain's tlomnmnB, she would then very willingly join him in &e aoiuni, Mmaaag m*r reasonable assumnce in writing under the Mug's * further ceremony for her satisfaction in the matter, O could not see it agreeable with her safety to t t o w faeraeM

besides, consenting in one religion and also

898

'FOREIGN PAPEKS.

A.D.1582.

strait bond of amity by reason of the affinity of marriage, which would make the way so much easier to such a reconciliation. These reasons moved her to carry herself the more circumspectly in refusing to ' wade' into the action unless she might further see how she should be provided for against any danger that she should cast herself or her subjects into by that means. Yet you may say that if now any such reasonable offer be made to her in this behalf, as she shall find to ' stand' with her surety, you have some reason to think that she will be most willing and ready to yield her any satisfaction she may desire in that matter. And since it appears from your letters that the Queen Mother ' took knowledge' to you of the present state of things in Scotland, wishing that her Majesty would have good consideration thereof, her pleasure is that you shall make her acquainted with the whole course of her proceedings in their causes (wherein you may practically instruct yourself by the copies of such letters as I send herewith for that purpose), and let her understand that her Majesty had no other meaning or intent by sending her ministers into that realm, but as she has ever shewn herself careful of the young king's saiety, and of the continuance of his state in peace and quietness, so now upon occasion of the late ' accident' happened there to interpose herself as a means to stay things from growing to any extremity, but that all should be settled again in the best sort that might be, without any violence or shedding of blood. Of this her plain and sincere manner of dealing the king himself may be best witness; who accepting it very friendly at her Majesty's hands, aa a further confirmation of her well-wishing to him, and of the earnest care she has of his safety and well doing, has written her a very kind letter of thanks for it, a copy of which I send herewith, leaving it to your discretion to acquaint the queen only with the contents of it, or to cause it to be translated into French, and deliver it so to her as you shall find it most expedient.

.

And touching those of the nobility that 'enterprised' this action, you should let the queen understand that it appears they were not earned away with any undutiful meaning therein, or purposed any dangerous alteration in the state, but rather to provide for the safety of the king's person and the continuance of the realm m peace and quietness against the dangerous practices of the • contrary faction ; wherein they desire nothing more than by good and sufficient proofs to justify their doings, labouring to have the whole matter examined and kept up at the general convention of if noblJ;1*F> ™ d t o s t a n ( i to their trial against their adversaries, on wiiom they desire deserved punishment to be inflicted if they be found faulty, as they themselves do not refuse the same, if the blame may in reason be laid upon them. And for proof that they mean nothing m'their enterprise but the furtherance of the king's semce, and that m the execution of it they have carried themselves with that due respect and loyalty that appertained, they hare an instrumenti to show, signed with his own hand, the copy of which you shall also receive herewith, whereby he allows and approves of ftor doings there j and that all things now grow quieter and quieter there* and the king iB repairing to Edinburgh, where the

ELIZABETH.

3,99

A.B. 1582.

convention will be held, and this cause orderly tried and examined; whereby the queen may understand how much she has been abused if she has received any wrong information, either of her Majesty's 's sinister proceeding in this cause, or of the noblemen's undutiral carrying of themselves in it. Touching the satisfaction which the queen says the king her son has now sent her Majesty touching the marriage, she says she has received nothing thereof, but only in general terms, as ever heretofore; and therefore her pleasure is, that if the Queen uses any more speech to you of it, you may answer accordingly, that there is no such satisfaction as yet received by her Majesty. Draft, with corrections ly Watsinqham. FJndd, with date \yy L. Tomson. 4 pp. [France VIII, 76.] Oct 19

403.

MAUVISSIHBE to BTJBGHLEY

Some time ago I wrote to you on behalf of Signor Philip Corsini, that you might be so kind as to ' put him ont of' an affair which he has ' before' you in respect of some bell-metal. He is worried every day by the promoters of this, and because he has taken up the affair of his courtesy, and at my instance, I thought I would return thus to the charge, and ask you in all affection to do me the favour of getting it finished in the present term, inasmuch as Cdrsiiii is on the point of going beyond sea, having nothing else to keep him but this case. He would not wish to leave it to his brother, who has not the English language nor great acquaintance with such affairs. I shall take this as a favour from you and remain your obliged.— London, 19 October 1582.

Add. Endd, Fr. if. Oct 20

404.

[France VIII. 11'.]

AUDLET DANBTI to

The defeat given to the French, of which I wrote in my last, of the 14th inst. proves not altogether trae. The enemy's horsemen making a little show to give a charge, some of the French, more afraid than hurt, as should appear, took the nest way homewards, and bruited forthwith that their companies were clean overthrown. It is thought there passed some blows, and that the worst fell to the F r e n c h ; who notwithstanding will not 'be aeknowea' of anything, although M. Bochepot were hurt about that time, ma some of his captains slain. What has bean performed in that late service, as also what likelihood there is of the French forces to repair into these countries, I forbear to write to you, knowing Mr Norris to have advertised it Mly. From (xuelderland, a messenger arriving this evening says that Keppel, a castle of some moment, m won from the enemy; which will be some hope Shat Bronkhorst, another castle not far from Keppel, cannot long hold out. I t is also reported for a truth that Cambray is yielded to tbe enemy. Some say it was surrendered very cowardly Mi; the French affirm that th& garrison within, being mostly Walloons, were 'practised * by treason to receive the enemy.

400

. FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D. 1582.

The States-General have all this week 'sitte' in Council; the Prince of Orange continually among them, as well for the establishing of a new Council of State as to take order for the orderly payment of such sums of money as are to be furnished rateably by every province. Ifc is thought this assembly will reform' many things to Monsieur's good contentment, and to the benefit of the country. Upon the delivery of M. Marehamnont's letter, for the satisfying of Gilbert of Dover, we received fair words from M. de ' Quinze ' ; but in the end are referred to.his Highness's treasurer, without any warrant or ' ordonance,' to make satisfaction. So after all . is done, I fear the poor man will lose hie labour.—Antwerp, 20 October 1582. Add. Endd. 1 p. Oct 20

405.

[Holl. and Fl. XVII. 40.]

MARTIN COUCHE to WALSINGHAM

Last Sunday Colonel Sforris, general of the English companies, invited the duke and Prince of Orange c at' a supper, which was provided for them at the English house, having with them their mistresses to the number of 24 or thereabouts, noted to be the only courtesans of this most arrogant place. This feasting known generally to all the leaguer, the poor soldiers, feeling their miserable and vile estates, through the indirect dealing of those who are in highest authority, begin to mutiny, it it please you, the very burghers of this town saying that Mr Norris might have done better in bestowing the same upon bis . poor countrymen, and soldiers, by whom he has attained his honour and credit, who now lie starving for .want., Be it spoken under your good favour, he uses his nation's poor soldiers most hardly; having had so many brave gentlemen and others most .willing as were ' under his regiments'; and some of them being poor in estate, kept without pay for five months together, thought good to stand upon some terms for it, and to draw themselves to the enemy's camp, where they continue. Since that time some of them were taken prisoners in the 'service last' by Dunkirk, and there executed; others who served there m like sort were taken at ' Iper,' a town in Flanders, their ransom tendered for their securities by 'the enemy their- captains, ' it would not prevail, but those poor captives sent hither, being seven brave soldiers, whereof three of them were executed here at the leagues upon Thursday last, the same never seen before, thai prisoners so taken, their ransoms tendered, and they notwithstanding executed. A case among us poor soldiers most lamentable, and never the like seen before. It pleased Col. Morgan, and my captain, Thomas Wyllson, at the service at Ghent, to make me hie ensign-bearer; sinee which time, 'for the most part of our companies, some by casualty of tan* others by sieknesa have died for want, if it may please you, not any way as yet fc> be remedied—there is neither pay nor ye*

ELIZABETH. A.D.

401

1582. victual. In respect whereof ' eftsoons ' l a m lo crave your good and accustomed goodness, vouchsafe to command me for her Majesty's service of Ireland or elsewhere to your good liking-— Antwerp, 20 October 1582. P.S.—The enemy has got. of late a town called the Castle of ' Cambeses,' by Gambray.

Add. Endd. Oct 20

406.

Ip,

[Ibid-. XVII. 41.]

PlETRO BlZABKI to

A few days ago letters were intercepted from the Prince of Parma, addressed to the King of Spain, in which, besides other particulars, there were contained complaints about hie not having money to pay his soldiers, and further that there was great dearth of vietnala and other necessaries of life. He added that he did not see how in the long run he could withstand the enemy, owing to the great difficulties, whieh daily grew greater. From these words much • may be inferred (si pad far gran mnseqiienjsa) as to the state of the enemy's camp at present; considering that no town will receive a garrison of any sort whatever, as it is affirmed for a certainty; and since he was valiantly beaten back from the walls of Ghent, he does not appear to have undertaken .any .enterprise, albeit his Highness's camp has left Flanderg and come into these parts, where it has lately taken some fortresses not far from Mechlin, and another called Boest in a village named ' Hayth ' [Haegbi], standing on a river where there is a bridge by which you go from Lierre to Lonvain. Since then they say that Aersehot has been taken, and that they were besieging the fortress of that place. But meanwhile the weather has come on very contrary to their plans, owing to the continual rams, and to this discomfort is added the lack of victuals and pay for the poor soldiers, so that it is doubted they will have to return without effecting what they have in hand. Meanwhile Count 'Rospot,' general of the French, has been struck by a harquebuss shot in one arm, and they say that the bone is broken, no that in future he will have little or no me of it. These are the fruits of war, whieh nevertheless men valiant and desirous of glory endure with nmeh fortitude, having More their eyes that fine saying of Pekarch : Un bel vimir tutta h nta honora. You will already have heard of the splendid banquet given fast, Sunday at the English house by the most honotrmble Ool. Norna to his Highness and their Excellencies the Princes of Orange and Ohimay, with many of the nobility, and many ladies married and unmarried, where they diverted themselves with mnsie ana dancing and other honest recreations, till 2 or 3 a.m. From m y Mend in Italy I have had no k i t e for some weeks nor do I know what has happened to him, m that I cannot give you information as usual, and therefore beg you to excuse me. 1507?

•

S

°

402 A.D.

KTREIG-N PAPEBS. . 1582.

•

It IB said that many Italians from hence are already returning to Italy, already tired out and regretting their long and painful journey; which"seems likely, winter coming on., and finding themselves in a climate very different to that of their birth, and less propitious to their nature and temperaments, besides other ' accidents/—Antwerp, 20 October 1582. .• ,• Add. Mndd, Ttal. 8 pp. [Ibid. XVII. 42.] Oct 20

407.

FRANCISCO GIHALDES to COEHAJI

G-od knows with how much grief I have unexpectedly taken the decision to depart and sell all that my wife and I bad, to set me free of debts, which have constrained (Vforsati), me here, without being able first to satisfy Sir P. Walsinghani as I desired, for lack of possibility, not of will. Wherefore I pray you to have me excused without attributing it to a alighting (? desmemvytio-ne) of my word, which I value as much as my life itself, and if in my absence the remittances do not meanwhile come which I expect from Lisbon, iu that ease I will when there at once pay the money to Botolph Holder that he may forward it to Sir P. Walaingham. To whom please make my excuse, in order that he may understand the true and genuine cause of what I have done; also in consideration that my debt was brought about by Ippolito Affiutadi (?), who has murdered [sic] many thousands of crowns for me. Bat since I executed the bond at your (or his) instance, I will not fail to* fulfil it as I ought, aince in that kingdom commodity will increase to me as discomforts and troubles in this.—I^om my house, 20 October 158'2. Add. Note by Cobham: received the 24th October 1582. Kndd. Ital. lp. {France VIII. 78.] . Oet 20

408.

OATSLO DONI to WALSINGHAM

With this I come to give you news of me, and of my free return here to Paris, thank God, in pretty good condition, where, or elsewhere, I desire some occasion of serving you may present iteeJi. So deign on occasion to command me, and avail yourself of my services for what they are worth, and you will find me ready, much more in deeds than in ceremonies, not being, as you may know, mueh of a master of them. I have not yet been to visit the ambassador Cobham, having been with my brother since my return, at his Majesty's Court w Olinville. I will not fail 'to do so at the first moment, and tell him of the many favours received from you there3 in order that you may return thanks for them on my account. When kissing the hands of the Queen Mother at Saint-Maur, I did not fail to give herfehecompliments with widen I was charge by her Majesty there; winch seemed to be much valued ana acceptable to that queen. My "brother Ottaviano and I come hereby with all respect to her Majesty's hands,, and remain perpetually .obliged for au favour and yours,—Paris, 20 0et. 1582.

ELIZABETH. 1582.

'

408 •

P. H. —I forgot to tell you that at Dover every sort of discourtesy was used to me and my company, not by one in particular, but by all the customs-people (passegieri), innkeepers, and sailors, without any regard to their licences or passports; giving us the greatest inconvenience and expense in their power, particularly the eiistomer, who never said anything to us till when we were brought down to the port to embark he demanded of us one crown per man, without showing any authority, with a thousand outrages and insults. It has seemed good to me to write and advertise you of this in order that foreigners who pass over to that realm solely in the desire to see the dignity and beauty of its Court may not have to depart with such ill satisfaction on the demand of four poltroons. I promise you they would, I believe, have liked not only the money out of our purses, but the eyes out of our head. Add. Endd. Ital.

Oot 20

409.

1 v.

[Fmiice YIIL 79.]

The EBBHCH KING to the QUEEN

Having heard that the affairs of Scotland had been in some degree troubled by some new accident, with the risk of bringing on a great disunion very injurious to the repose of the country, we have thought it well befitting the peace and amity which we have with that realm to dispatch some one to try to restore things to the good state which we desire to see there. We have been the more incited to do so, that we have heard you have dispatched your ambassadors for the same good cause. Wherein if we employ ourselves conjointly and in the common aim of maintaining our two realms and that of Scotland in good amity and understanding, we hope that some good fruit may come out of it. And whereas our councillor M. de la Motfee-F&ieloii, having long been ambassador with you, knows as much about Scottish affairs as any other, and we hold him for a trusty and pacific minister, who will be more acceptable to you than any other whom we could have employed in such a eharge5 we have commanded Mm to .pass by- you in. order to declare it to you, beyond what is in this letter, and assure you that he goes with no other charge or intention than to settle affairs in good and assured tranquillity for the common good of the three kingdoms. We pray you therefore after hearing what lie has to say to permit him to pass freely into Scotland and give Mm as Ml a passport as is neeessary for himself and his suite.—Paris, 25 October 1582. (Styied) Hemy (Whie) Brulart. Add, Oct25 Titt t viii.67

Endd. Fr. BroaAshm.

[France V1XL 82.]

410. The QUEEN MOTHBB to the Bespeaking ha- good offices for lla Mothe-ff&MJkm'B mission. {Sirpied) irpied) Catenae. Add! Endd. Fr. Jiroadtheet. {HM- VUI, 83.)

FOREIGN PAPERS. A.D. 1582. Oct 24

411.

MATIVISSIEBB to LEICESTER

I will take this opportunity, if you please, to write to you, and tell you that my acquaintance with Signor Acerbo Vellutelli was through your means, and I have liked him all the better for knowing him as your servant and recognizing only your will in all things, even now finding in your favour his only foundation and stay, as he said to me even yesterday. When his Highness was here you introduced the one to the other, and between you two I was the intermediary in that which regarded business and the licence which he had of her Majesty by your means. Herein he seekn to be maintained by your favour only, which I beg you to grant him, and be his protector and defender to enable him to enjoy it as heretofore. lie will render yoa homage for it all his life, with the faithful service he owes you as hia benefactor; leaving which to the good affection which you have always borne him, to guarantee him against all accident, I will not importune you further with this matter, judging that Signor Yellutelli's merits will recomm'end him more to you than any request I can make on his behalf.—London, 24 October 1582. Add. Endd.by one of WaMngham'g staff. Ft: Oet 24

412.

1 p,'• [France

OOBHAM to WALSINGHAM

I received this letter from Mr Paget yesterday, with another which he requested might be sent to you, which I purpose herein to perform, wishing he might mean sincerely and walk uprightly, as I thmk you would be glad he should do; which I pray God he may perform, being as willing to do good offices for him towards you as he is to requite them, if otherwise he do not give ill satisfaction to her Majesty.—Paris, 24 October 1582. Add. Endd. i p. Oct 21

413.

[Ibid. Till. 81.]

. '

JOHN NORMS to WALSINGHAM:

Although, the bearer of this, Captain Astell,' is already so sufficiently known to you that any commendation of mine on hie Uehaii may seem altogether needless, yet finding myself much beholden to him for the great pains hs has taken and for his ready forwardness to be present at any service which has been attempted Here smce his coming into these countries, I can do no less bat endeavour by such good means as I may to increase the good opraion vou have long since conceived of him. I could have wished Ms longer abode among us, and for my own part should have been right glad of his company; but having no place at tHs present eitherfit for one of his service, or wherein he might be employed to his benefit, I may not in reason- seek his longer stay than himself shall best like. Therefore, being myself no way able to do him any good I have presumed to commend him to you; hoping that besides the good affection you hear to him already, yo» will the rather at this my guii, j n a n y r e ^ n ^ i e cause, afford Kin*

. A.D. 1582.

ELIZABETH.

. your good and lawful favour, and be a means to procure him gome ' better good' turn at home than can any way be hoped for in these countries. The advice I received by your late letter touching a Journal to be kept of all the proceedings here, I mil be ready to follow. But supposing it not to be BO convenient in any such town as this, where we are altogether idle, being daily fed with many untruths, with your pardon I think it may very well be deferred till we remain in the field, and are in some aetion. Yet in the mean season I will not fail to signify to you all such matter as shall be worth advertising. Since the taking of Bechove last week, the castles of ' Eiviere ' and ' Roist' have been surrendered to M. de Roehepot, btit not without some blows; he himaelf having received a hurt by a shot through bis arm, and la Garde through the hand, besides one or two of the captains slain in this service, and the rest of the forces returned again to BorgerKout. Touching the French forces said to be upon the frontiers, it is now disputable here whether it be requisite they should come in alibis time or no ; whereby you may easily judge how hardly they are able at present to come'forward into the service.—Antwerp, 21 October 1582. Add. Written by Vanett. Endd. 1J pp. [Hdl and Fl. XVII. }

Oet 21

414.

JOHN COBHAM to WALSINGHAM

The news here are of no great importance. All Lhe breach that went to'Nekespoole'near Mechlin are returned to Borgerhout, At that service M. Eochepot was shot iu the arm, and M. la Garde through the hand. The French daily decrease, as well as our nation. The enemy has taken by treason ' Cambryseo and OBJB (qy. Auxy), by which means the passage from France to Caaibmy will be much impeached. The great speeches of the earning of the French forces are now laid aside. The Duke and the Estates cannot agree upon certain articles, for he would bring tee great number of needless officers which they have in every pmmnce, to a smaller; to the end the poor soldiers might be better paid wto. t w allowance out of every province which now only goes to uu> officers. As I wrote last to you, Mr Nome deals hardly mfc me aid mm I not otherwise advised by you, I would take a i e h a ^ f f i b e r e that I would come by my own to his d 21 October 1582. AM. Endd. f p. Ubid. XVII. 44.] Got 23

415.

JOHN STUBMTOS to the DUMB OF

I have received some venison, vhiab haa savoury to insipid suppers, if I eamot hare

W

406 A.D.

FOREIGN PAPERS. 1582 since by this liberality I understand my lord's liberal disposition. The prince also writes that a roe will follow if his hunting succeeds, _ which I knQw to be difficult in this wet weather, and I feel it has been difficult for others, who wished to cheer me. I greatly praise your Highness for committing yourself to the faith and liberality of the Queen ; for either she will in this way feel what is becoming to her, or we must wait for a better breeze, btill I am confident that she will herself think of something queenly, and perhaps think of an lulus to play some day and hear her Court called the Court of grandchildren (? et audiai: mda nepot'tim).

Yarious are the counsels of the Lord, who receives the counsels of men to that share of mercy that is fitting. But the mercy of the Lord is pure beneficence and pure liberality, according to the condition and state of every rank. Tour venison (ferina) is so agreeable to me as to make me think i should be quite grateful to be a wild beast myself. Therefore I thank your Highness, and I pray God to grant to yourself, the princess your wife, and your beautiful and promising children all that you desare.—-Nordheim, 23 October 1582. . Oct 24

Add, Marked: Recepta Pfaltzburg: 25 Octobris a. Ohr. 82.' Undd. m England. Latin. 1% pp, [Germany II, 45.] 416.

DANIBL EOGBRS to WALSINGHAIT

On July 27 I sent a letter { with ciphers' to you, which 1 understand eame to Antwerp safely, for so Stephen advertised me. I tope therefore that it lias been delivered to you, since much time has most idly been spent in following my matter; for in eight months spent in this last negotiation of Stephen's, five might well have been spared, and more brought to pass, if he had followed iny advice^ For to what end stayed he a month with the Prince of I'arma s letter before he came to the Baron ? And being with him, contrary to my advice he tarried three months at Cleves before be returned to the Prince of Parma, and then spent two months before n.e returned; but these two months I do not impute to him, because ne may S a y h e a w a i t e d Jom l e t f e r ^ A n t w B l t t b e i n g c o m e to e • ii ? ? n ^ o ^ m * I wonder he went to Cologne, whereas ui au diligence he was to repair to the Prince of Parma; especially seeing he understood that the Baron had before received contrary ietim-3 iromthe prince, so that this last month thus vainly spent nab ueen enough to undo me, by giving leisure to my adversaries to make new supplications to the Prince of Parma. Which things I am compelled to.eertify you of, not for any evil will I bear to S +• j f yon m i S M k n o w wherein the fault lies, that I am yet detained, and not to despair, but that my liberty duly purchased may soon be compassed. I trust - that if Stephen be employed again you will by admonishing him to take more heed to his charge, make Mm the fitter servant for you

l i , ! L ft for ^ o s e M ^ t r y employed in my behaM I most, hnmbly thank you, haa surely done me much good by his coming to

ELIZABETH. A.D.1582.

.

407

•

the Duke of Cleves; for that has eaused the duke, on the 9th of this month, to execute Andreas Ktiekhout, who had been the chief of those that took me prisoner. He was beheaded in the marketplace at Cleves, and afterwards hig head and body put upon a while [_qy. wheel] without the town. At this time, if another man were prisoner in my stead, and I appointed to travail for his delivery, I would deliver him in six weeks after my coining from the Prince of Parma, or I would suffer myself to be whipped naked; for it is not the deatli of the Baron which hinders me, as Stephen imagines. Hiss father is yet alive, and may be dealt with better than could be done with, the aon; for the son might in a manner avouch himself not to be the duke's servant, because he was born in Anholt, under the Empire, and his father being alive, the lands which lie under tiie duke appertain rather to him than to the son. That was the best answer he could make to obtain release from the duke's authority extended over the said lands, seized by reason of the ships which the young baron had ' invaded' upon the KMne in the • duke's jurisdiction, now tiro years past Whereas the old Baron is both born in : Cleveland/ at ' Meulande' and has great lands there under the duke, as likewise in the Duchy of Marck, and besides is resident at Kees, a town of the Duke of Cleves, but three miles from hence. I have, according to the opportunity I steal, drawn a certain method, by which I doubt not I may be set at liberty, if it be well followed. Stephen must urge things, and travail more to persuade than he has done. He wrote to me that he had other matters to prosecute at Cologne, and so he is not to be blamed; but 1 should wish he had special charge (as I think he has had) to effectuate my liberty. He should not have departed before he knew of ants w i t whom he had now to deal, after the decease of the young toon. If you please to cause her Majesty to write such a letter to thBoid Baron-whose name is Dierich or Dietrich (which w Theodora « Theodoricus in Latin) von Bronkhorst and Battenbnr|Loid of Anholt eto.—BB I specified and desn-ed m my last lejter to U written to the Baron that now is dead it w o u l d - ^ f ™ $ » and further me. He is of the Boman religion, but very devout and honourable, and alao upright and just. l a m well advertised that the fiiends oj to pay our diarges to the intent they may carry us to assure the state ofSchenck. I always admonished Stephen (?) to obtan» ^ J in such sort that mention were made also of my broUm s which ho never procured; whereas these men w» mudu depart, upon the prince's letter, but .mind to.ffij^ unless theVe be special mention made of him in f«J»f Stephen has not wiitten to me BO oft e n m he especially after he received «=(& cipher) torn

;4Q8 A.D.

FOKEIG-N PAPEBS. 1582. to know how he proceeded with W he wrote little or nothing thereof to me; whereas, lacking sufficient experience, lie might in writing to me have known my further advice how to deal therein. But the matter has its end. Mr Norrig may greatly pleasure me if you require him to write often, as well to the Duke of Cleves as to the old Baron of Anholt, giving them to understand that as well for that I am her Majesty's orator, as for that I am of his acquaintance, he must needs do the beat for my deliverance, and use ways which he would be loath to use, in case they show themselves no more ready to set me at liberty. I often wrote to Stephen of the like thing, but he never followed any of these advices; -whereas I know very well how much this way might stir up these fearful men, especially the Baron's •widow now after the loss both of the Baron and the toims of Kempt tfKeppel) and Bronkhorst. I doubt not but by this advice, and the rest contained in this paper here inserted, written in ciphers, I might soon be set at liberty, and you reap the fruit of your travailing for me thus long. In case you have not received my letter and °—°~ of which I made mention here, Stephen will ease you with the deciphering of these few lines. If he had not thus long been employed in tins my matter, and ' that : Mr Gilpin were at Antwerp, he might very well execute your pleasure. But first the Prince of Parma's letter muet be obtained duly written. I scribble these things with such starts, and ' by 'such fear, that you might marvel I can deceive so many keepers; which makes me trust that you will take this rude letter in good worth. I can better receive letters than write. I trust in God that you will not ' give over' to ' purchase! my delivery because of the time, which has truly been spent overnnthnftily in this last ' voyage.' Stephen departed away when he was to do the best; this Journey of his to Cologne, when he should have either returned to the prince, or dealt with the old baron here, makes me to muse much. But being admonished by you, he will, I doubt not, correct all things with greater indusfay. —In post-haste, thia 24 October 1582. Add.

Endd.

%% pt>.

[Germany IIr 46.}

41J7. Decipher of certain passages of the above, in hand of M.Beale. [Ibid. II. 46 a.] Oet 25

418.

The Vum

o* AHKHJ to

*

•Nicolas Carenzon being on his way to England for certain private anaira of his, I, having always known Mm very well disposed to my service, have thought good to write this, to beg you for my sake to tove hrm specially recommended, assisting him wherein soever he has need with your credit and authority. I shall esteem any pleasure received by Mm as done to myself, and requite it wherever you give me the chance. ' I have thought too that it would be to the purpose to inform you at tb6 same time how by some Spanish, inducement the English

ELIZABETH. A.D,

1582.

409

•

who have always kept a counting-house and traffic of merchandise in this city persist in wishing to -withdraw to Iliddelburg and make their permanent residence there. This would bring much disrepute and prejudice to the traffic of other nations here. On this point I have heretofore written to M. de March aumont humbly to beg the Queen on nry behalf that she "would interpose her authority and command that no alteration be made in. the ancient custom of the trade ; and I am sure she will have let you hear in accordance with the message I sent her. To this I again beg you to put your hand, and so.act.that she may send me a good dispatch ; -which being based on reason will not be refused me.—Antwerp, 25 October 1682. (Signed) Francois. Add. Endd. Fr. 1 p. {Boll, and Fl, XVII. 45.] Oct 26

419. OoBHiM to WALSINGHAM Having received a letter from the syndics and councillors of the town of Geneva by the hands of M. Mallet, I thought it. my duty to let you know of it, and enclose, herewith a oopy of it in order that the contents may be known to you. This M. Mallet is sent from the citizens of Geneva to her Majesty to declare wliat has passed this year during their late troubles, with a petition for some relief towards the sustaining of their charges, which have been nraeh above their power and small ability. They have and will have the more need of her bounty, in respect that the Duke of Savoy, though he ' entertains a treaty' to compound the wars, yet continues sundry secret preparations towards the annoying of those of Geneva next spring. Through which subtle dealings ol tne duke, they are constrained to continue wages to men of war, as likewise with much cost to fortify their town. It is, i suppose, sufficiently known to her Majesty that the Mas of Savoy has not enterprised this action against them of Geneva as one moved thereto only for his own pretences, but rather persuaded ami provoked through this • malice of the Pope and his assoemtes, confederated against those of the religion refomed; i» *hat though they of Geneva bear yet the brunt, the action is intended and bent against all Princes, Estates, and others professing that religion. m i c h being so understood and known, I beseech^ ^ «£JJ of Geneva m ^ in such earnest sort be recommended to « W that she may be thereby justly moved to do toJ**** members oi* Christ's C h W i injured and o p 1 ^ ^ " therewith she may 'repair' and keep far from ^ malice pretended in like manner against her and.J** e Through which good deeds and the bensvotaee * £ < * « * vouchsafe to bestow on them of Geneva, I trort s h e * to re God's hands much great and mighty defence against her enemies with the peaceable continuance of her happy reign. I beseech you to move her Majesty so » shall more persuade to advance this cause frugality hinder meh a godly and poteia C asth October 1582.

410 A.D.

. 1582.

FOREIGN PAPRHS. •

'

'

.

P.S.—I beseech you that herewith it may be remembered how ii the Duke of Savoy proceeds to the marriage of the Duke of Florence's daughter, as they say, he is not only to be much strengthened in Italy through that alliance, but is 3ike to be aided with the entire favour of the Pope and the King 6i Bpain; the rather because this marriage is understood to be procured at the instance of the King of Spain and the Pope. And moreover it is to be considered how he will bo enriched with sthe dowry of two millions in gold, which sum 'are' to bo employed in bank,'wh his revenue will be increased ' t o ' the sum of 200,000, crowus. Add. Oct 25

420.

Endd. 2#p.

[France VIII. 84.]

COBHAM to WALSINGHAH .

.

In my last dispatch I sent you a letter oi (Javaliero Giraldi's, with whom I had been earnest to have your bills paid, which he was bound to do both in right and honour; but it appears by this other enclosed how little regard he has had of either his hand or his word.- Wishing you Iiad found 'of' him a more honest debtor, so that I might have made some better proof of my endeavours that way, I keep your bills for farther directions,—Paris, 25 October 1582.

•

Add. Endd. X\m. .Oct 26

421.

.

[Ibid. VIII. 85.]

OOBHAM to WAISINGHAM

Having on the 18th obtained access to the king, I informed him • of the Queen'a letter which I had delivered to Ms mother, .showing him further how her Majesty requested he would direct his letters to his ambassador resident with the Turk to favour the agent she had determined to send to Constantinople about the dealing of her merchants' trade, who traffic into the Levant and those territories of the Grand Signior's. To which the king answered, he was desirous to preserve all such dignities as Ms predecessors had left him; wherefore the prerogative which he maintained through the intelligence which lie had with the Turk he was desirous to reserve entire to himself, for the most part of those of the Christian nations had been accustomed to trade under the banner of France and his safeeonduct. And as heretofore, so now, he should be willing to favour any of her Majesty s subjects when she should let him know there were need of tos favour for their business, of merchandise. By these speeches it appeared to me he doubted 'there might' some of his digmfc? and prerogative c be ' diminished through giving any credit to au lingJish agent to reside in the lurk's Court. Whereon to give torn better satisfaction, and to ' frame' his mind the more tractable to ner Majesty's desire, I declared to him the occasions which had induced her to send this agent, as I supposed. As first, because she had been informed how her merchants through sending into those Levant countries their sons or servants, who were but young, an* altogether ignorant of the manners and trade of those parts, 0*5 [mj had committed many errors; whereby it seemed thatforwan*

•

• ELIZABETH.

411

A.D.1582.

of one person of judgement and experience the merchants hitherto had suffered loss, through which the trade became to them not BO profitable. This last year, of those English merchants' ships there were stayed some in Cyprus, others in Morea, others in Malta; and because there was no English agent OT dealer in Constantinople who had credit and favour from his ambassador, the ships and goods were detained till they' sent to England, with, excessive chai'ge and detriment. •Herewith I signified to the Mug that in all places where the English merchants have any traffic there is an agentfconegotiate then- causes, who serves to direct and advise them of the prices and worths, aiding and assisting those factors who are to enter into their voyages from time to time, sent in the ships laden -with merchandise. For the abovesaid intents only the Queen desires to send a person of some knowledge in the trade to reside in Constantinople, who might be favoured by his ambassador resident in the Turk's Court. Upon this my further particular declaration the Mug said that if • there were no further matter intended than the negotiations of the merchants, he would confer witli his mother, and on baturday following, the 20th, I should receive an answer by beawtauy Brulart; whereon I waited till the day appointed, to hear tell ol the king's further resolution. I therefore sent Bralart a, memorial touching her Majesty's request in the matter, desmng tarn to 'remember' the kinq for an answer; which I did not receive till yesterday, when M. Brulart certified me that the king was pleased to write to his ambassador in Constantinople to favour by .11 manner of means such of her Majesty's merchants as did or would traffic with the Turk's dominions. But to deliver me any l e t a s in favour of any particular person to negotiate any causes m the Turk's Court, 4 1 king found not convenient; winch was his resolute determination. As I had dealt with the king, so in like sort I earnestly to the Queen Mother, whom I toima« letters to the king's ambassador in favour Majesty's merchants, being methought not ^ motion; becanse the name of an English•*&*& to. ^ nopfe is held suspected % their Matties, .donbtog agent would breed in time emulation with their agent. g Now I am to let you understand how in the the 18th I likewise informed'his Majesty f ambassador M. Mauvissiere had intermeddled and from the Scottish Queen wMeh concern and importing much otherwise than the a f f ^ £ f S

eomfortlble salutations of her friendMs, tfaa . ^ f f ' ^ f J J found it strange his ambassador. \?£™£ 5?£fe8 he had done so without direction. _ S L S J t e J t cause to enter into suspicion that h*M* g S m S his intent of entire amity withhjr « « * £ S X *» V» she wished. Wherefore to the mtens w^ occasions might be taken way, ^ m^w

himtQ

, V**0™*

12 A.D.

.

FOBEIGN PAPERS.

1582. that from henceforth Ms ambassador might not receive or convey any letters belonging to the Scottish Queen, but that all letters might pass through the hands of her own ambassador residing in France., Wherewith the king said he hoped his ambassador had not given offence to her by sending any letters; but since he was MB ambassador, he might not refuse to shew himself willing to pleasure the Scottish Queen, considering she appertained to him as to be the widow of his brother, who had been King of France, and so remaining ' Douger ' of this Crown; whereby she had many servants and officers who were willing to write to her on her affairs, and likewise desirous to receive her letters, which passed always through the hands of his ambassador. Besides, he and the Queen Mother sometimes wrote to his sister the Scottish Queen, which letters, seeing he had Ms ambassador there, he thought most convenient to address by his means. As for the intelligence his ambassador had in Scotland, it was, he said, to continne the amity which his predecessors had long continued' with that Crown, which he wag to entertain as it behoved him. He was sorry to hear tell of the late disorders happened in that realm, which it belonged to all princes to consider of, and especially to the Queen. To this I answered, concerning the first point that under colour of sending the ordinary business of the ' Scottish Qneen his ambassador had sent letters which were of that effect that the Queen my sovereign had occasion to think those late troubles were moved through such conveyance as his ambassador had ' passed/ so far as I judged, somewhat had come to the certain knowledge, and perhaps to the sight of her Majesty before she commanded me to make this demonstration to him; she being only desirous the fire should not be kindled in Scotland, being ' firm land' with Jingland. As for the second point, I showed' him that the Queen had employed her means to appease the late alteration in Scotland for the good respect she bore to the honour and welfare of the young king, whom she had in recommendation as one nigh in blood to her. The king further said her Majesty should do much to see the young knag returned to his former estate, so that he might not continue a prisoner to his subjects; wherein he was willing to join wite bee, hoping that through both their means the troubles would be easily appeased. Which speeches moved me to enlarge to him how the Solent actions of d'Aubigny had occasioned the king and the nobility, with the whole state, to desire his departure out of Scottod in respect that he had by evil means brought the Harl of Morton to his death, banishing the Earl of "Anguishe/ and h«I through practice overthrown the children of the Duke of' Chaatellerowe, accounted the next heirs to the Crown of Scotland. These causes the kmg thought, he said, sufficient to make broils to Scotland considering the Scotch have been always subject to alterations. 1 returned to beseech him again that his ambassador might not further intermeddle in the conveying in any sort of letters betongmf to the Scottish Queen; on which request he said he could not

ELIZABETH. A.D.

.

418

1582. resolve till he had spoken with Ms mother, finding it convenient his ambassador should have the conveying of the letters -which Bheor he should send to his sister. He wished me to go and apeak with the Queen Mother in those former causes. Thus after leaving the king, I enlarged aa much to his mother as to him, adding how the Queen ray Sovereign had so particularly deserved well of them for hex assistance given to the Duke of Brabant that she merited to be respected above the amity of Scotland ; which her friendship for the present is to be thought the surest consideration for her and her sons. I assured her that the Scottish King's welfare so nigh concerned her Majesty that she ever had and would take princely oar© of it, having lately sent two principal gentlemen to assure the young king of her means to defend and stand him in stead and 'reduce' the affairs of Scotland to some reposed estate.

-

The Queen Mother said she hoped that M. Mauvissiere had given no occasion to the Queen to be offended; because she presupposed he would but accomplish those offices of amity with her daughter the Scottish queen and the realm of Scotland which had been customary of long time. Therefore she thought the fang would ' not like but' that his ambassador might perform stieh services as belonged to him. I thereon declared to her how under colour of sending their letters' there had been conveyed ceitam practoea which presently bred these alterations in Scotland; which course being continued was like to bring forth greater troubles ^eiore I besought her to have just consideration hereof according, to• Hw amity he professed to my Sovereign. So lastly she said she itoold confer with the king, wherewith she ' licensed me.

-

So it seems hereby their Majesties remain » yet wy_aad unwilling enough to gratify her Majesty.; which may f ^ f ^ considering the good deeds she bestows m then; ^ " f V j H assistance of the Duke of Brabant, the eoneideraton leave to her judgement.—Paris, 26 October [o.s.] 1583. Add.

Oct 26

•

Oct 27

422.

Endd.

Qpp.

[France VIII, 86.]

JOHN COBHAM to

It is crediblv reported that the f ^ ^ ^ [Roubak and Eisbouxg], alia, the ^ o u n t of Ghen^s t W i t i s suspected he was poisoned by » i t o f & | Parma. The Prince of Orange us sick of an W m dftae » ( ^ these five days. These are aU the 'aceurrants this present.—Antwerp, 26 October 1SUA. AM, Bndd, $p. {EoU.andM.Xni.4S.}

414

EOKEIGN PAPERS..

• 4.D. 1582. ParUnwM, And on the 25 th they conveyed him from the Coneiergerie in a cart guarded by ' the king's and the guards of the town ' a-horsebaek and aioot to the number of 300 or 400 to the marketplace called the ' Greave,' where just before the 'Town House' there was a scaffold made, on which he was laid. There he first turned himself to the king, standing at a window in the ' Town House,' at whose hands he craved some mitigation of his painful death. Which being done, after his prayers said, and that he had delivered certain speeches concerning the cause he was put to death [sic], which were then in public ami here put in writing by an officer of the king's, as it seemed, and signed by Salcedo, the particulars of which are not yet come to my knowledge, then ' consequently' lie was drawn two or three plucks hy four horses, then strangled, quartered, and 'bowelled,' There were beside the, king both the quee^ the Dukes of Guiee, Mayenne, Joyeuse, and Epernon, with the greatest part of the ladies and nobility of this Court. They say the most part of his goods, are given to Madame de Sauve, at the instance of the Duke of Epernon, and the rest to Salcedo's wife, at the request of the Duchess of Jleraeur, save 4,000 franca which are to be employed on the reparations of the Palais. During the execution the people washed that Monsieur had no many warlike.armed men as there were people to see it; speaking many ' reprovable' words against the Spaniards. There were sundry named, before the king arrived, to be sent into Scotland; as Secretary Brulart, the Abate de Gktadagno, and 'Manningvil' of Normandy. But now lastly the king has appointed M. de la Mothe-Eenelon to pass into Scotland, as it was first meant, by sea; who has been aiek of an ague. He has commissions to negotiate, under colour of entreating the nobility to carry themselves well towards the young king, a .new league or association with the king, and particularly with some principal personages of Scotland. Whereof being advertised I went to visit him, as ' understanding of' his sickness, and found by his own words that his first sending for to the Court, before his ' quarter entered,' was to have gone to Britanny with some others of the King's Council. But lastly he is directed to take this aforesaid journey, to which purpose a commission is already drawn for him. in his speeches to me he made demonstration that he wished the Jang would in all causes give satisfaction to her Majesty, since the present course of the time gave many occasions to have that amity • well fortified. ' The Bishop of Glasgow has uttered many lamentations in Court, accompanying his speeches with his sorrowful countenances to move some pity; the rather, as they say, for grief that his queen s malice cannot be further executed against some of the nobihty, than for any zeal he has to benefit the king ; whispering that he is youiig, inconsiderate, and not kind enough to his mother. The • bishop doubts that la Mothe-Fenelon will not repair in convenient , time into Scotland to serve d'Aubigny's tuna. In thifi matter the nuncio has earnestly provoked the king to deal speedily, and offered money to the Bishop of Glasgow to be employed that way.

. . A.I>.

1582.

ELIZABETH.

415

•

The Queen Mother continues in her disposition to set forth four ships, to he sent to the Terceras mth some little supply of men under the command of the Chevalier la Chartre of the Order of Malta, and consin-german to H. de Joyeuse; who was employed this year to Malta by the king for the understanding and dealing in the affairs of the late Master of Malta. And therewithal there is some opinion that the Duke of Mercneur or Joyeuse will in the npring command by sea for the ' fortifying ' of the right the Queen • Mother pretends to Portugal. Meantime they write from Spain how they suffer great want of victuals in the Terceras; so they are disposed to surrender to King Philip, he having there both practice and a party. The Duke of Epemon has brought the diamond which Don Antonio engaged before hiss departure to M. de Bousgelieu [Eichelieu] the Mug's provost, lor 45,000 crowns. The Duchess of Braganza has sent a gentleman of hers to the Duke of Savoy, to 'do aeeomplenients,' she being his aunt: and as it is thought, with some motion of marriage, which is done without order from King Philip. And this day the Count of Montreal is arrived in this Court, sent from the Duke of Savoy, as they say, to obtain the king's favour in the matters of Geneva. Howbeit^ it may be suspected he conies to treat somewhat about the Spanish causes, considering the aforesaid gentleman is sent from Portugal, as from the Duchess of Braganza. It is said the Swiss are sending ambassadors to the King ,* and in their Diet which is to be held at Baden in November the differences between the Duke of Savoy and those of Geneva wilt be decided and treated on. MM. Mandelot and ' Hotford' [Haiitefort] are returned to this Court, from their legation passed among the Cantons . • They "have written from the Levant coast that the Mas of Osstma, going- to the "Viceroy of Naples, stayed in the road at Marseilles with 27 galleys about the middle of^this month, waiting there for more galleys to safe conduct him to Naples. • I am informed that Marshal Biron has put a larger garrison into Cambray, Likewise that M. do Puygafflard has conmgaed to thd Marshal all the bands of loot- and companies of horse that He bad under his command on the frontier of Pieardy. William Nugeat and Leonard KfeSunans, Mshwm, departed hence on the 24th Awards Borne, with letters ot mmmmltikm from the ambassador of ftwoy to Us date tful to smm ol hm friends in that Court. Likewise they had letters from m Secretary of Florence in their favour, and from the Spanish agmt to a o W k n d Borne, mi from the nnnmo toethe « « m U f Com), the Pope's secretary. The long, as I am f ^ L " * ™ ^ given Nngent and 'Magliogamiaii' asigiunent instance Of the pope's naneio. It is certified from Borne that ffia onlj mnof JMOBW g pagni, VnU of Soro, is Melj deceawd, which will gratify gnaw the Pope.

416

FOEEIGN PAPEBS.

A.D. 1582.

I send enclosed the note of the Duke,of Savoy's 'pretences' against those of Geneva, with their just defence, with a particular note of the forces prepared for the relief of Geneva. Also a summary of the complaints for the .depredations committed by the English on the French, which M- Joyeuse caused to be brought me upon the making up of this packet.

!• j j [ [ [

Advertisement is just come to this Court that Marshal Biron has led bis army over the Somine, passing onward into Flanders to join Monsieur's forces, i pray these doings may turn to the profit of the country, the satisfaction of the Prince of Orange and the contentation of her Majesty.—Paris, 27 October 1582.

| | j

Add. and endt. gone. S^-pp. Oct 27

424.

[France VIII. 87..]

?

COBHAM to WALSINGHAM

I r

M. de la Mothe-Fenelon came to me j esterday evening, declaring to me how since my being with him he had seen their Majesties, by whom he "was commanded to prepare himself to pass into England to negotiate affairs which ( imported' them and her Majesty; whereof part concerned the restoring of the realm of Scotland to peaceable state. But be said he had besought the king that he might not pass by sea, nor take any other way to do him service in those parts than by ' intreating' with her Majesty; though he found the Mug had been persuaded to take some other eourse. This wag the effect of what he delivered to me. Before • this I heard the Guises had wrought with the Queen Mother that M. de ' Mannyngvyll' should have been sent, who governs the Cardinal of Bourbon, to the Guises' profit. Howbeit, la Mothe is chosen, as one having the ability to win grace with her Majesty, and to work those causes ' slyeghly,' as that likewise through some persuasions, and laying before her certain allegations of honourable dealing, he is to induce her mind to the king's, desires; being one who has been benefited by the Scottish queen so far that it is esteemed her cause will be much recommended to him, and zealously cared for. I hear moreover he has order to convey money to Scotland from Calais or London, as lie may ' find tb& commodity,' Howbeit, if her Majesty entertain la Mothe with as little conference as this king does the ambassador, and answer ins negotiations with that determination and resolution ' as' this ki"o shows, to be obstinate in the demands ' is' exhibited to him, it may fall out they will the more esteem her amity and graciousneSE, and hope less ' onT their own finesses, and French ruseB and crafts. They inform me M. la Mothe will-begin, his journey the beginning . of November at furthest, taking his way towards Calais. They of the Scottish Queen's faction, and the Bishops of Glasgow and Boss have made a dispatch sending letters to the Pope, and to the princes and prelates of Italy, and into Spain, certifying ^®f Scottish King has been taken and held prisoner by his nobiUtyThe courier stayed with his dispatch at Lyons, sending thenee certain of his packets into Spain, Upon which advertisement given me, I caused the Lords' of Scotland remonstrance against d'Aubig to be translated into French and printed, which is distributed.

•

| J: 1 I | !

ELIZABETH. A.P.

417

1582. have sent one to JVL de Foix, another to Venice, to Geneva, and into Germany, as pamphlets sent me out of Flanders. I enclose one of • those little books in this packet.

:

The Duke Joyeuse sent a gentleman to me on the -25th to declare to me thai upon the complaint I had made against d'Armeville he gave order to • compel him to mate restitution to the Queen's subjects of such goods as he had robbed from them. But whilst his officers of the Admiralty were doing thus much, he was informed that d'Armeville had passed into England, and now he perceives by the letters of M. de Mauvissiere that the Queen is satisfied by d'Armeville, and ' i s ' t o return hither shortly to be employed in some service for her and the Duke of Brabant. This gentleman further showed me that the Duke of Jbyeuse had of late received many complaints of depredations done by the English, desiring that I would write of it to his Highness. And because I answered the gentleman to the last point that I could not certify anything of those coniplaints vraless I had delivered to me some notes or memorials, the next day I had a fellow ' directed ' to me with the notes enclosed in this dispatch, giving me to understand how sundry captains on the coast had rigged out ships to go to sea to be, revenged on the English sea-rovers. Wherefore npon the mistrust'I have these Trench captains under this colour may transport themselves to Scotland, I am at present sending one to the sea-coasts to understand their dealings, or to discover whether this will prove one of their accustomed brags to induce some easy compounding of the Scottish cause in the negotiation of M. ih la Mothe-FSnelon. M. de Joyeuse, in his late journey into Languedoe, conform! with the Duke of Montmorency, having made him divers groat offers from the King; and sought to accommodate the liakiudnesses' which there were between his father and the Duke; which being performed, he went to Coutras, and the other strong towns of those parts. The Duke of Savoy has, as I hear, again sent the Baron of Bellagard to the King of Navarre, about the treating of the marriage with the princess. M. Olervant is to pass into Germfcuy, and so to the Swiss, and to return by the duchy of Savoy, where he is to treat of the King of Navarre's causes.

.

•

On the 21st inst. the ambassador of tferrara visited me, bringing in his company Count Oetavio Landi, lately the entire fewimta ot " the Prince of Parma- In our conference the Count showed the eanse of his departure from Flanders, ae I certified in my foraiei; letters, giving in his speeches to understand how he misliked greatly Mflg Philip. M. de CMMllon has sent M. de Yowayew (?) to the King, complaining of the Count of Toulouse, who law made an wteut against him for the levies proposed for the service otte naro.;

guesting the King to allow his. 4»ag tbarsn. J ™ > j"» Majestyhas done, as I hear, giving good trorJ* of M. d 18017

418 A.B.

.

EOBEIGN PAPEBS.

1582.

. and promising to be his gracious lord and king.—Paris, 27 October 1582. Holograph. Add. and endL gone. 4 pp.

Oct 27

425^

[France VIII. 88.]

The QUEEN MOTHER to WALSINGHAJH

Let-feres de

o. de M. Recommendation of M. de la Mothe-Fe"nelon. (Begins: Monsr. Yiii.68. ie (3 0 n t e r ^ - j ^ [Signed] Oaterine.—Paris, 27 October 1582. Add. Endd. B'r. 611. [Ibid. VIII. 89.]. Oct 28

426.

STOKES to WALSINGHAM

This week I received yours of the 13th inst. wherein you write me that no good will be done to move her Majesty for a license of pins; which I am sorry for, notwithstanding you wish me to devise some other convenient suit, in which you will yield me the best furtherance for the obtaining of it, for which I thank you. And I beseech you to favour me in something, for unless it be for wheat or beer, I know nothing to ' axe' a license for.—Bruges, 28 October 1582.

Ocfc 28

AM.

Endd. i p.

427.

LONGSTON

[Roll and Fl. XVII* 47.]

to WALSOTGHAM

By my last letter I signified that Stephen Lesieur was come to Antwerp, and of his purpose to depart for England, and that, according to his desire, I meant if I could to furnish him ' of' 100 guilders for his transportation. But afterwards I had some conference with Mr Danett hereof, and my money not in my hands, remembering also yonr restriction of commission in that behalf, I told Mr Lesieur that I could not help him with above 20 guilders. And though he urged me much for 100, saying that you would repay it, my answer was that my money being out of my hands, and ' disposed' by my friend in my absence otherwise than I thought, I could not furnish it, though you had been here in person. How he took it, or how he was furnished, I know not; but I heard no more of him, nor had he the 20 guilders that I offered him. I trust that in respect of the 'premises' you will hold me excused herein.

-

.

I doubt not that Mr Egerton our deputy has acquainted you with the writings from hence sent by our last post. These writings, from Augsburg, were sent hither, by Mr Gilpin, who is now come home with letters from the Emperor to her Majesty, and an answer or admonition, under seal, upon the Hanses' causes ; both whicli are sent to Mr Deputy by this post. You may have understood by the former writings what resolutions passed at the Imperial Diet touching the traffic of English merchants at Embden and throughout the Empire; the first thing reasonable, viz. that ambassadors should be employed into England etc. before any prohibition ot traffic. But the second, being done, as it seems, after the Princj* were departed, by the deputies, through the ' leaude' {qy- W

ELIZABETH.

419

A.D. 1582.

reply and ' unhohest' dealing of the Haases, is a resolution utterly unreasonable, and such as I think none of the Princes will allow to be their doings. And therefore, under correction, I think the latter resolution is of none effect, for it is not said aa the first is to be the resolution of the Princes, but of the deputies etc. to whom her Majesty, I think, committed no judgement of the matter, though the Emperor may be contented to have it so understood. But the judgement of these things appertain to you, and therefore I crave pardon for this boldness, not doubting that the Hanses, for their 'leaude' slanderous and unhouest dealing, whereby BO much'as in them is they 'bend' to bite at and vilipend her Majesty and the good estate of her realm, shall be ' plucte' yet otherwise to abate their intolerable pride, If the execution of the latter resolution should but prohibit our personal traffie in Germany, and should permit the sales there of English commodities by other merchants, as I think it stretches not farther, I should think it would greatly amend our main sales in our ' mart' towns; but Embden may not yet be missed. In all which I beseech you to have in memory that the Merchants Adventurers being many in number may be maintained in their honest vocations and just causes against those that by subtilty or malice seek to abridge or subvert them.—Middleburg, 28 October 1582. Add. Endd. l%pp, [Ibid, XVII. 48,] Oet %B

428.

AUDLEY DANBTS to

On the 25 inst, the posts arriving here both together I received three sundry letters from you. Concerning the business of the merchants of Lyme, I have already dealt with the burgomasters and the rest of the College; at whose hands I have received man? goodly words, and have some reason to hope the merchants will receive indifferent good contentment. Since the taking of Keppel, of which I advertised you in iny letter of the 21st sent by Captain Astell, the lord of that place, a man of great wealth, and prisoner to the Count William, general ot the forces in Guelders, has died of the plague, and so Count William disappointed of his ransom, for which the Count s tends are very sorry. The forces there are in great misery; so much that the r of Gascons under la Morrie (?) which lately went to f» Lochem are all for the most part either dead, or m rak that there are not at this present, of 1,000, 400fittofollow*be efflBgw«. SU forces have passed the Khme, and are to repair to tie «u*je-of Blicnbeek in Gnelderland, belonging to Sefaenek, now mrcrnwr,

which place, being very strong, is not to

tef^llT:

but by composition, of which there in good hope, Baron oi Anhott, who had the commanding of tftat lately slain before Lochem, it is thought the * " » easily yield the place. Thence they «m ^ «»«e to^^fc Batembourg, w h U places being < ga^pd/ i t » ra«3lwJ tti© fo shall repair hithwf to temun «ith the c&et mmpmim Borgerhoitt,

420

FOREIGN PAPEES.

A.-D. 1.582.'

•

'

.

•

.

Since the taking of Cambresis there has been no expectation that the French army should march forward into those countries, nor any certainty of their being. Some speech there is that the arnry •will winter en la Franche Comtf, but I cannot write it for a truth; albeit some secret reason is given that their stay there * grow 8' from the French king's sickness, to withstand the attempts of some •who might trouble that state, if the king should fail. But I rather judge their stay to be partly for want of money and means to maintain them here this winter, and partly for their unableness to encounter the enemy upon their entry, who is awaiting them very strongly upon the frontiers; for it is believed here ior a truth that the French forces are nothing so strong as was reported, and for their horsemen, the enemy has on the frontiers thrice as many. M. de ' Secevall,' a gentleman of good account and of very good ! value,' as he showed in the late service before Grhent, is this last night gone about an enterprise for Louvain. He has from Borgerhout 500 French and 200 English, and out of the garrisons at Brussels, Malines, Diest, and other places thereabouts, to the number, of 1,500; but the horsemen who go ior this service are so • few that it is feared they will fail of their purpose. Upon the ' success' you shall be advertised. The Merchants Adventurers have already presented • to his Highness, and to the lords of this town, the reasons of their removing to Middelburg, whither they are already for the most part removed ; so that those of this town being no more suitors lor their stay, it will be now somewhat too late to add for a reason the fear our merchants had of an arrest to be made for the interest of the debts due to Pallavicino and Spinola. If any other occasion be presented hereafter, it shall not be omitted- That debt is now in question before the General States, and as I hear, in some terms to receive a good dispatch shortly, as I understood yesterday morning from, a merchant of this town, one that follows the cause. t

The Sfcates-G«neral have had many assemblies of late, a»d long sittings. _ They have accorded, as I leam, 3,600,000 florins yearly to Monsieur for the maintenance of the wars, and are now busied to take order as they may for the payment of their debts; which being done, it is thought they will reform their army, and henceforward pay the soldiers duly. All things now decreed by tnis assembly they say shall be truly and inviolably observed. Bnt such as have heretofore seen the proceedings here do not expect better effects than have followed former reformations. I must not omit to let you understand how much his Highness makeg of Mr Horns, in calling him often to his consultations! in m chamber, especially in any matter of service, in making matches with him at tennis^ playing at cards, and taking him with him i0 his feasts and banquets in the town ; so much, that were he not an Englishman, I should think he would be one of his best mmions. Saint-Luc, ' L'Avernie,' la Barre, and the rest who are in greatest favour with the duke, use him all generally with great courtesy ana familiarity; and in truth he is of good fashion and behaviour has so many good "parts in Mm, carrying himself with so

:

:

; ; \ | * ;• j.

ELIZABETH.

421

A.D. 1582..

discretion and judgement among them, that he deserves of them to be liked and loved. Nevertheless, seeing what slender account is made of the poor English soldiers serving under Mm, how they envy his credit and reputation -which he wins in service, and how an willing to employ him here in any place of command, where he might make his profit and increase his estimation (as may appear by the refusal of the States of G-uelders to have him general of the forces in that country), it were to be wished some good • occasion fell out to call him home. And by some speech of Ms not long since, I am of opinion that had he his deists in these countries paid to him, or were lie able to maintain himself in some reasonable cost, at home, he would not long remain here ; for he begins to find already that the French must by little and little have all, and that for himself, the longer he tarries here, the worse. But I leave the consideration of the gentleman's estate to yon, who for the good opinion yon have conceived of his many deserts and the good affection you bear to him, will of your own_jnelination be ready at : all times to assist him.—Antwerp, 28 October 1582. Add. Endd. 2% pp.

0ct28

[Ibid. XVII. 49.]

4 2 9 . The DUKE m LL'TZBLSTBIN to the Qvmx I wished to write this line to you by 'your' servant John Leonard Holler, and to thauk you for all the favour you have shown to my son George Gustavusj with soJ many honourable reeej)tionss entertainments, and the like, desiring only that my son has conducted himEelf towards you as his duty required, and that I and he mar requite your benefits with our humble services. And although our means are not such as to enable us to content you as you deserve,'still our goodwill will not be wanting; and in order that you may receive a beginning of our faithful services, you will hear from ray servant what I have agreed, at his request and that of John Sturm, to communicate to you of affairs which greatly coneern you; at the hazard nevertheless of my person and goods, unless according to the promises given me by Sturmms and your servant Holler, the affair is not handled secretly, and wife such confidence as it merits. You will also hear more at laraa from your servant, on what it has depended that you have not ewher been advertised of it, and my faithful advice, ami tte antidote which at this time I am sending you, the opportunity being ready to my hand, of which you can make use. I desire that you may receive my advertisements and eonnsels with contentment to match the faithful affection with vbsb they are drawn up and communicated by me; praying £ « «** *£ maintain you as the solace of His poor Chui-ch, and to flow of Christendom—Pfabbur^ 28 Oefobe* 1582. &*$«**) ^8* John, Palatine of the Khine, Date of Bavaria, eteAdd. Endd.; H » Duke of (Petitepierre «m«0 Banw. Fr. 2 pp. [Germany It. 47.]

FOEBIflN PAPEES. A.D. 1582. Oct 28

430.

MAUYIBSAHIS to WALSINGHAH

I have been informed that fully a year ago some French merchants placed in the hands of a serjeant of the Admiralty named 'Suyt' certain judgements and condemnations which they had obtained to their advantage, in order to put them in execution as provided by them. Being unable to get anything out of him, and after waiting for a year and more, they arc said to have -withdrawn them and revoked the powers which their factor had given him, entrusting it to another of the Queen's officers named ' Acquinston' " to make execution as rendered necessary by the judgement; This becoming known to 'Suyt' [Swift] he is said to have uttered sundry calumnies againat' Acquinston' and one Peter Pallet [Pallye], whom he is said to have summoned before you. And whereas the Frenchmen have good reason to complain of ' Suyt,' for his lack of goodwill towards them, and their factor has come to me to complain that lately in presence of the Judge of the Admiralty ' Suyt' offered to draw a dagger on him and his wife, calling him * French dog' and other insults not worthy to be recorded, that has kept their petition for a year without letting them know what he was doing nor rendering any just account of what he had received, that while lie had the matter in hand, he and his people have taken several pirates who were liable under the commission, and have let them go without informing the complainants ; also that 4 months ago the factor for the merchants gave a commission to a servant of ' SuytV named Baynert, out of whom he has been able to get nothing, although he has had every means of executing it, though he lias been requested several times and had the person liable shewn to him, but on the contrary he has shewn himself as insolent as his master : I beg you therefore to consider this and on the merchants' demanding that * Acquinston' shall be continued in the execution of this commission, if it be only not to fall again into the hands of 'Suyt,' out of whom it is impossible to get anything, and who is only an official of the Admiralty, while the other is that of the Queen, and has much more influence in these affaire. Further as to tlie travelling-expenses which * Snyt' pretends to have incurred, and not been paid, the factor of the merchants tells me that he received from one side and 'the other a great deal of money; for the verification of which he bega you, as I also do, in order that the truth may be known, that a commission may be issued by the Oouneil to obtain information thereof.—London, 28 October 1582 P.S.—Besides what I have said above, I have been told that one Jackson, a servant of ' Suyt's,5 bought on board the pirates who had stolen from the aforesaid Frenchmen certain 'Willed [tpj. woolseys] which he brought to London to sell. Further he has a, servant called 'Hatfill,': who has been with a pirate named Granger. Please examine Aoqninson' and ' Paillette ' for tw» letters from the Council accessary for the recovery of the goons of merchants at Bristol and in Wales. Md. Mndd,: On behalf of David Atkinson. . French [JPVwew VI1L 90.]

1JJ-

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582. Oet 29

431.

423

ADOL» DE MEBTKEBKB to WALSINGHAM

The singular affection which I always found in you towards me, both at the time when I was in England with the Marquis of Havreeh and when I was with you at Lonvain to treat of the peace with Don John, makes me hold to write this to you, in order to refresh in you our old friendship, and present my humble service. And as Mr Nicholas Carentzoni, the bearer of this letter, is just going to England on matters greatly concerning the weal of England and of these countries, I wished to accompany him with this word of recommendation, in order to beg you to favour him with your direction (adresse) and authority in that which lie has in hand. I do it the more willingly, having always known him for an honest man. dexterous in business, loyal, a friend alike of your nation and ours,.a favourer of our good cause, zealous for Gods Religion and glory, and who is aiming at nothing that you will not find reasonable and serviceable to the public weal.—Antwerp, 89 [mi] October 1582. Add.

Endd. Fr.

1 p.

[TML and.Fl. XVII. 50.]

Oct29

4 3 2 . HOWLASD YoBE*; to. WAWSINGHAJH The enclosed was returned to my hands from Flushing, and I thought good to send it that yon might see my fortunes, which i doubt have Md like ' inconteres.' The Estates have now agreed to have a < Consdle de ettat$; but the oath is not yet fuUy agreed upon. I desire to hear from you, for as I still mean to follow your 'address,' so I desire to hear your opinion, bothL touching the enclosed and my ' partyeollere.' Divers troops went forfc yebta.uight to do an enterprise upon 'Hoc' and 'Engine J Go^ send . . them good sueeess. " Thus these only serving to hold me m your accustomed good opinion, I humbly take myleave kjsajj ^ •virtuous hands of my 'nmsterer' fry. mistress]. 29 October 1582. AM.

Ooi29

433.

Endd. 1 p. MMB DB

\Jbid. XVIL 51.]

MA^visaifiBB to WALSIN&HAM

I take the opportunity of writing this letter to " J and daughter, to whom I should like to render some in recompence for all the honour and favour I have l you and them when I have been in England. Consider therefore if when I am in JTrance you commands, and take it in good part if I make a thought to make at my departure; namely *J aid and favour Mr Stendin and his *rie, who are

back to

424

'

FOEKIGN PAPERS.

A.D.

He would keep his little girl," who has been at nurse most of the time since I have been here with Mrs Stendin to whom I entrusted her ; who has taken great care and much trouble with her. This makes me ask you ortce more to extend your favour to Mr Stendin, and I and my English children shall hold this kindness to them as done to ourselves.—Paris, 29 October 1582. (Signed) Marie de Boohetel. . • Add. ? End of

434.

Endd.

Fr.

2 pp.

[France Till.

91".]

COBHAJI to WALSINGHAM

Dr Beutrich ha& been among the Cantons and at Geneon, to propound to them on the part of his master certain demonstrations to confederate all the GkitrcJies of the Religion within Europe, -wishing they would accord therein, and join to write to her Majesty on that behalf; assuring them of the good liking hereof of the King of Navarre with his beat friends, and of the Princes of Germany, 1 suppose that Cleri-ant's ' voyage' is to that effeet; which may more sery-e, I hope, to the good of the Low Countries than the dealings of the French kiny and Moimgnor, especially if the Kings of Denmark and Siceden should become fautors of the same. Since the death of-Salcedo, the king has made more open show of familiarity to the Duke of Guise and his allies than ever heretofore; so far as to repair to their lodgings. Which is to be noted, or else the king dissembles exceedingly. There are sundry opinions had of Pinart's long absence from Court, because he is not at his house, where he was first ' named' to be. . . Queen, Motltcr said after my last conference that it seemed the affairs of the { wordle' were still 'intermeddled' with good and bad events. Fragment.

Till. 92.]

.

Enid.:

Sir H. Oobham, cypher.

'

**

1 p.

[France

4 3 5 . Decipher of above, except last par, in hand ofB. Beak. Endd. 1 jo. [Ibid-. VIII. 92«.] Oe-t

436.

LKTIEKS SALCEDO.

from the

DCKE

OF ASJOU

in the matter of

(1) l o the king.—As soon as Salcedo gave me to understand Mxe matter touching your person and estate, my natural affection and loyalty towards you compelled me to inform you of what was going on and how it came to my knowledge, Now being advertised that lie haa dared to advance certain threats and compulsion and accuse my servants, I was not ignorant that this was aimed at myself, and I thought it a fair occasion for desiring that the sincerity of && procedure here skrald be known to all, in order that under the name of my people my reputation might not remain involved, w &e opinion of those who do not know the facts, f o r I make no

ELIZABETH. A.D.1682.

• 425

•

•

',

.

doubt that the simple statement of what hag happened -will show clearly enough that this man had tried all manner of knaveries, and thinks that by this new artifice he can entangle everything in contradictions, and meanwhile prolong his scoundrelly life. Anyhow, you know how easy it would be lor those who do not love me to extract from this a subject of evil speaking, which perhaps might do injury also to your affairs3 if the matter were to remain where it is. I beg you therefore to have the thing further cleared up, in order that by the device of certain people I may not be deprived of the fruits of my good intent, and of the service which I desire to render you all my life. (2) To the Queen Mother.—If Salcedo's actions had not taught Tin! p 417 hies what a subtle and bold craftsman he is in all knaveries, I should be ^ amazed that he should lastly have dared in your presence notnot only to deny what he had so often testified here for true, but also to burden my reputation with an inference, under the guise of attributing it to my servants, as if he had wished to give me the pleasure of saying that I knew nothing of it, and as if there was any likelihood that any of my people would have undertaken such a thing of himself. And although before the departure of M. de Bellievre, induced by various reasons, I foresaw what I now see, and thought it might give grounds to various ill-affected (or ignorant) persons to speak of it to my prejudice, nevertheless I preferred to obey the king's commands and youre than to stay upon any such doubt; holding it for certain that my intentions in this matter would sufficiently appear, and that the sincerity of the procedure would be clear to every eye. Thus I will not believe that those who know what has passed wish to judge of it otherwise, or take any notice of the new contradictions which a man of that sort has clarea to mk up with it, in hope of prolonging his life thereby. But I am sure everyone will deem him more guilty, in that after having many times maintained and written down one thing only, he now thinks fit to advance that he was threatened and compelled; wherein he cannot meet with acceptance, because he said nothing at u w me, nor to the commissioners deputed by me, any more than to those whom the king sent, for at least he would have given some sign that he was penitent for having falsely avowed so great a, crime and burdened the honour of so many notable personages, ajid those> to whom it is well known how deeply he is obliged; and sincehe faued the threats of des Prunerax and la Yergne, it is too strange that he would not deliver himself from them by exposing them to mem the king's servants. But I should wrong myself to » * * * « ; • J » * X doubt not that there are plenty of other proofe *»m *hfl doeumente, and even from bis own confession, to indicate that this can have sprung onlv from himself, and not from those charged bytern, whom I know to be rather well than ill affected towards the ta^ named in his writing, so far were they from being able to &aak ot serving them such a cowardly turnThis is why I desire to guarantee my own reputation and that of ,

-,

t,

I

i7P

1

1

£

J

I™*.

« l n « + ,-,

my servants from all blame, that the honesty ^ ^ " S f S f&eedo'B case may be known to all, and he eompeUedtoatoitfte truth of what he said and of the reasons which moved hxmtodo it,

426

FOREIGN PAPEES.

A.».1582.

and if it turn out that this knave has deceived us all, that at least everyone may know that I have not willingly put anyone to the trouble of justifying himself, but that having the honour to be the king's brother and vassal, I could not, without being guilty of a great fault, conceal from him a matter so nearly touching his safety, as soon as I knew of it. I beg you therefore to see that my honour be not involved, in the opinion of men, in any trickery which might intervene in this matter, instead of the praise and favour which I think I have deserved. Copies. MndfL in the embassy at Paris. VIII. 92 Us,} 437.

Fr. 2£ p±>. [France

OOBHAJI to-WALSINGHAM

Whereas at the time of my last access to their Majesties I found in the king's great chamber ' Maghoganan' with his cousin Nugent, who I wrote is deputed towards Rome, Mac Geoghagan is since come to me with contrition and submission, assuring me and others that he is not only parted from his cousin and all his practices, but from the unloyal disposition of all others his countrymen, though his estate yet compels him to haunt their company; which he has been contented the rather to do upon the consideration of those persuasions I have at sundry times used to him for the remembering of his allegiance to his Majesty, advertiaing him of the little respect other strange princes have of rebels. Wherewith he is now fully resolved to stay in these parts, with intent to continue his suit to her Majesty for the obtaining of his pardon, with great desire, in recompense of his offences, to serve her faithfully hereafter. He has set down in writing the circumstances of his offences towards her and her government, together with his submission and humble suit for pardon, and has yielded and promised to discover what he knows to have been done or * pretended' hereafter to be executed by his cousin or country. men; nothing doubting but that he will be able to perform such exploits and services against the Irishmen that he will make certain proof of his sincere endeavours. This he has promised me in all faithful manner. Notwithstanding, he somewhat mistrusts his pardon will the hardlier be granted, in respect he heard tell his ' living' hadbeen given to others; nevertheless if it be so, he will hope there is sufficient forfeited by sundry rebels to satisfy that party in recompense of his lands. Besides he has some opinion Bit •— ' Dillann' will work some continuance of hm ' woo,' in respect his bastard bi-other depended upon the said Sir — ' Dillann.' If you find that this may be for her Majesty's service, I beseech you to lavour his suit and to give me leave to ' betake * him into yoar protection, if you please; which I desire the rather because he seems to me to be of a tall personage, of manly behaviour, modest, verjr penitent, and exceedingly unwilling to remain in her Highness's indignation,, and this faithful manner of dealing may hereafter recompense his former evil deeds. Vouchsafe to let me • understand, as soon as you conveniently may, what her Majes^ resolves in Ms behalf, for Ms bare estate cannot well abide long delay .—Paris, 1 Hovember 1382.

ELIZABETH. A,D.

427

1582. F.S. {autograph).—Because you wished I should observe Nugent, and those Irish rebels' actions, I judged it the best means to discover the pack and to weaken the party, ' for' to draw a shaste (?) out of the sheaf; upon consideration whereof I have plucked' Maghogagan' from thence, so that he rests at her Majesty's devotion, ready to discover what has passed, and their intents. It is reported among the Iidsh here that ' Maccartamore' has joined the Earl of .Desmond. • Add.

Nov 4

Endd.

1J pp.

[France Fill. 93.]

4 3 8 . (1.) "Here follow the names of such councillors of the Duke of Cleve as I do know." P. Ilerr van Willik, Lord of Diffort, Steward by succession of the Duke of Cleves,. and Councillor to the Duke. He was sent with Queen Anne, the Duke'a sister, to England. Marshal ' Waktendong,' Councillor indifferent. (?) P. The Seneschal' Waktendong,' Councillor. . P. Dietrik van Eiliel, Councillor, at present ambassador with the Duke of Prussia. E. Doctor Weez, Chancellor of Cleveland and Councillor. E. Doctor Loureman., Councillor. P. Herr van Eed, Councillor and Governor of the city of Bavensburg. P. Herr van Paland, Kanimernieister and Councillor of Juhers. P. Her Ketler, Kammermeister and Councillor of Juliere. P. Her Bomburg, Councillor and principal Master of the Dukes horae. " ... R. Her van ' Osembroug,' Steward of the house and Councillor of Juliers. , P. Qu'adt (?) Herr Wiekrat, Councillor; sometime ambassador to the Duke of Alencon. t • > The Duke of CleveB lias one son called Jeban, and is administrator of Miinster; about the age of 20 years, and is to succeed his father. He has four daughters, the eldest married to the Duke of ™«»». Marquis of Brandenburg. The other sisters are married to toe two Dukes of ' Zweibrouk,' alias Deuxponts, brothers. The fourth sister remains with the dnke her father, and to ncr the Earl of Arenberg is suitor, but mkliked of the counfeiy; who for the most part are Protestants, and the earl a Papist, ana at this last Diet ambassador from the King of Spam. The duke has a sister yet alive, ( and was' aster to Queen Ami&. She was never married, but continues with &e duke her brolher, living but a solitary life, and very zealous in the Beligion, wfiiea is the chief cause of her solitariness. .„,, r The Duie of Cleves is to sueceecl to the Eatldom of Moeib it the Earl of 'Kewnar' die without issue. The duke and earf are at some conkoversy, because the earl will not admowleage &e duke for bis prince in a lordship eaUed^edbar, but the archbishop of 'Colein,1 who is a secret Mend ol Ms.

VOKEIGN PAPERS.

428

(2.) 4 ^November, 1582.—"A note of such towns as hold at this present for the King of Spain, others for the Duke of Alenoon, 'situate and about' the Rivers of Maas,.Waal, Ehine, and Tssel." Upon the Maas Upon the Waal Upon the Elver Upon the Elver Rhine the king Yasel the king the king the dnke has: has : has: has:'Belelue' O?VJ Megen Battenburg ' Medler' Blyenbeek Stralen Xturemoiid Maestrichii

The Bake of Alen^on has: Grave Gelder Yenlo

yGoriekuua J Botnmcl 1 Hoerden Tiol ' JSymegca

/'Brevoirde" I Anholt I 'Werodc -{Groll

-| Broulihtn'st' besieged at my coming away

Ghoes

Oldezeel [sic] .Kerpen

The ditke has; fSchoonlio ven Vianen Culenborg Bkenen Wageningen Arnneim ' Tslerenbergc' Potikum

The duke has: /Doesborg Keppel JJ.Kutphen j DeYenber j ' Suol' [aw] ^Loohem

Nota,—The duke keeping these towns on the Eiver Yasel, the long's forces cannot pass the river; and by that means the whole country of Utrecht is quiet and safe to travel to and fro, especially since the raising of the siege before Lochem and the taking of Keppel, a nobleman's castle which has done great harm in that country. • In hand ofAticlley Danett. Probably enclosed in the next. Enid. 2pp. {Germany II. 48.] 439.

AUDLEY DANETT to WALSINGHAM

The late enterprise for Louvain of which I wrote in- my last oi Oct. 28, did not take that success which was expected, and which ought easily have ensued if the matter had been performed in sueh order as was convenient. They carried with them only -three ladders, and those, being set to the wall, -were much too short. The assailants, who should have( approaeh'ed the place in great silence, went to the service with an alarm/ as though they had gone to an assault at a breach. M. de ' Saint Oevall,' not acquainted with the service in these countries nor -with the site of the town,foiledin his directions; otherwise it is thought the place might have been surprised. The French.gentlemen showed good forwardness, but the common, soldiers, having marched all the way in the vanguard* were content when they approached the town to make way for our Englishj who kept the ' battle,' to pass through, and gave them leave to give the attempt alone. There were slain of the English only iom, and Captain Wilson shot through the neck, bat no* ffl any danger of death.

'., 1582 o

:

ELIZABETH.

429

. About the same time was an attempt by M. de Saint-Luc, la Barre, and others of his Highness's Oonri, to surprise Lire; but finding the watch good, by the advice of M. de VilHers, marshal of . the camp, who had the ' conduction,' they attempted nothing.' This, as it is thought, was not done without good judgement of the marshal, though the French, in a scorn, ' impute it to his wisdom.' By my last, I durst not write of the loss of FEscluse, not far from Camhray ; both since it might not be believed here at first, the garrison being all French, and that M. de '. Balenge,' governor oi Cambray, had lately written- to his Highness that it -would hold cmiir.a dix milk coups de canon, and thereof prayed him to be assured. The loss of Cambre'sis and of TEsluse is some disgrace to the French, and gives ordinary men some liberty of speech especially their army being so near at hand and supposed to be of that strength which was reported. It is now thought the enemy finds their small ability to enter, having lately retired most of his forces from thence intoBrabant, and placed them besides Nynhoven; which being unfurnished with victuals, and of no great force to make any resistance, is accounted here as already yielded. All this last week, notwithstanding the ceremony of All Souls' Bay, which has not been omitted, his Highness has daily sat in council in his own chamber from between 9 and 10 in the morning till 5 at night, only his hour. for dinner exeepted. The Priuee, using to break his fast in the morning, has likewise tarried all day. It is thought they are about the ordering of the army. Mr Xorris has continually been called to this council, and so have others of the French gentlemen, and have not come forth till evening. His Highness continues his great affection and countenance toward Mr Norris, both in his sports and serious matters; and that m so largo a degree that some of the nearest about him already ' in countenance' somewhat repine thereat. What maybe the end of it I know not,, and therefore forbear to write any eonjeetion in this behalf. On-Friday the 2nd inst. our English forces were on foot to have gone to Brussels, to remain there in garrison; but the States or Brabant made suit that before their going thither they might attempt the winning of a eastle not far from this tows. Hereupon they were suddenly stayed; and news is since come that the enemy has taken %nhoven, and is come before Brussels. But the truth is not known, nor the bruit greatly believed ; yet it is feared it may so fall out ere long, and then have our Englishmen lost tteugarrison for this year. I understand from Mr Norm that the French, army ft resolved •to come forward* being about 5,000 foot, besides 3,500 Swiss, and. between 800 and 900 horse; and that feey stay only for liis Highness's direction to know which way they shall make tneir entry, which it is supposed will not be by Qarahray but rattier by way of Flanders. Certain companies of Scots in gamsoa at Meenen are settt for to come hither, and Colonel Preston, who was determined to mM

430

EOBEIG-N PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

.

into Scotland for new men to fill up Ms regiment, is commanded to the contrary. To the like effect letters are said to be sent from hence to Colonel Stewart into Scotland, upon a bruit of someoforce to be levied by him there for the making up of his companies; all which grows upon some presumption that the Scots of late are become Spanish. Yet some say, herein lies another mystery, for it is not to be thought that these services generally will be so lightly regarded.—Antwerp, 4. November 1582. Add. EmU. '2 pp. [Roll, mid 14. XVII. 52.] -Nov 4

440.

STOJCES to WALSINGHAM

•

In my last, of the 28th ult. I wrote you of all the occurrences that were here at that present. Since that time these speeches have passed here. The enemy has gathered a small eamp between Lille and Cortrick to the number of 3,000 foot and 800 horse, so that it seems they have some enterprise to be done on the sudden. But where they will be is not yet known, saving it is feared they will come and spoil all the eountry round about this town, for they have divers times threatened to do it, and now they may do it very well, for here is no man able to withstand them. The speech here is, the enemy has taken rEscluse, which stands upon a river beside Dotiay; a place of some importance. They brought to it 18 cannons, 'who' played at it certain days, and when those within saw that no aid came according to promise, they gave it over by agreement. The loss of it greatly discourages these parts, for they say if the French army had been so strong and so many in number as is here given out, the enemy durst never have brought the cannon abroad to besiege any town so 'nyre' the frontiers as that town is; so 1 see they greatly faint of that good hope which they lately had. * * . The speech is come from Cortrick and also from Lille that the Prince of Parma is retiring his eamp from Artois and those parts, and will either bring them into Flanders or Brabant; whieh greatly shows that he does not fear the coming of the French army, so that they make here great doubts of many things. God send them better news. " There is also news here that the Malcontents had almost taken St. Quintin's by_ some intelligence that they had in the town. But it was perceived before it was ripe, and as they write, that was one cause why the Prince of Parma marched so hastily towards those partis, lie has caused the town and eastle of Cambresis to be razed flat down to the ground, for it was a place of small strength and not to be kept. lu the^enemy's eamp is great want of victuals, for which cause the Prince of Parma has written to all the towns about Douay »n« those parts to send to the camp as mueh victuals as they can spare. The towns have answered that they en,n spar© none; at wlnea answer the prince is malcontent. *

ELIZABETH. A.D.

481

1582, This week those of Meenen took certain prisoners from the enemy, who have declared that the Viscount of Ghent is very sick and not likely to escape it; and that M. de Montigny is also sick. The like speech comes from Ghent.—Bruges, 4 November 1582. Add. Emld. 2 pp. 441.

[Holt, and FL XVII. 58.]

COBHAM to 'WALSETOHAM

I ' lost' not to importune their Majesties to have their letters to M. de Germigny on behalf of the English merchants trading into the Levant, since I could not ' recover ' them on behalf of an agent to be sent by her Majesty for the merchants. So lately 1 obtained the king's and Queen Mother's letters, which I send herewith enclosed together with their copies, hoping that they may in some sort serve her purpose, although not to that particular respect as if the name of agent had been therein expressed; and await further commands herein. "Within four or five days, after the death of Salcedo, there happened another broil in Court, which came to pass as I have been informed in this sort. M. de Keanx, agent to the Duke of Brabant in this Court, had assigned to him by his duke's order three soldiers, to be employed on the interception of letters or for sueh-like necessary occasions. It chanced of late that those soldiers entered into acquaintance with other soldiers who belonged to the Dnke of Cruise, and in conversation the Duke of Brabant's soldiers wished they might put themselves in company with those of the Guises to go to the wars in Slanders. Whereupon those belonging to the Guises answered, they hoped to be employed in Paris, in such sort that they likewise might have their part therein if they would join them, with great profit; with which words at the time they parted company. After this, incontinently the Duke of Brabant's soldiers resorted to M. de R&iux, whom they informed of what had passed; which moved him to exhort his soldiers to enter into further acquaintance and practice with the soldiers of -the Guises, which was done, so that at their next meeting they renewed again their fellowship. At which time the soldiers of the Groses delivered impertinent words against the king and Monsieur, pronouncing that within a few nights some of the beat in the Louvre would be made to leap out of the windows, and M; Lavaiette, as proud as he held himself against the Duke of Guise, might have his neck broken. All which speeches being reported to M. de Beaux by the soldiers, with some like circumstances tending to evil purpose, he esteemed convenient these secret practices should be discovered; the rather because he feared the same malieious pretence was intended towards the king's person. Upon tne consideration whereof he resolved to declare 'thus mueli as before to the Abate Delbene, because he is in good credit with the Queen Mother, belonging also to the Duke of Brabant; hw matter; requesting the Abate to signify what he had heard from those soldiers to the Queen Mother, which the Abate performed incontinently. The queen, not staying, showed the kingwnat toad been specified to her. So the king eotrramiuted M, de Manx to be

482 A.I>.

,

IfOBBIGN PAPERS.

1582. eailed into the cabinet, in the presence of two or three of ms Council and Secretary. Brulart; and enquired of him. of the things that had been delivered by the Abate to the. Queen Mother. To which de Reaux answered that those three soldiers, who were lodged in such a certain place, could more particularly and assuredly certify him of all that had been said. Whereon the king earned M. de ' Bousselieu,' the provost, to apprehend those soldiers and bring them to the Coiirt; finding some fault with de B&IUX that he had not at first addressed himself to him, but to his mother, which de Re"aux excused, showing be found better opportunity to cause it to be declared to his mother, understanding his Majesty was otherwise ' impeached? and deeming it to be all one for his service. The king said therefore, since the matter had been dealt in by Ms mother, he would refer it to her and his Council, M. de ' Rouaselieu ' the same afternoon brought two of the soldiers belonging to the Duke of Brabant to the Court, not finding the third ' at that present.' The two were produced before certain of the Council and examined, confessing as much as had • been reported by de Ee"aux. Next day the third soldier was apprehended, by the provost, by whom the like was verified as had been signified by his fellows. He added further, he had seen la Seure, secretary to the Duke ol Guise, have secret conferences with, the aforenamed soldiers of the • duke, and affirmed moreover that he understood there were certain of the duke's companies privily lodged in and about the Temple ' nigh hand' to the duke's house. Besides all this aforesaid, the king has been otherwise informed that Captain le Jannis, a follower to the Duke of Guise, by whom 4 Semagrin' [Saint-Megiin] was slain, bad caused certain bedding with eases of dags to be conveyed into the Louvre, within the duke's lodgings, about the 27th ult And it is certainly understood that these were let out, the same night, at 'St. Anthony ^s gate' beside the Bastille, those horsemen of the Duke of Guises • companies who had been ' harbenged' in and about the Temple, being in number about- 50. As soon as the Queen Mother had informed the king of the 'premisses,' ahe forthwith discovered the same to the Cardinal of Bourbon, to be delivered to the Guises, which, was presently done; so that all these matters were shifted and handled quickly to the Guises' advantage, 'in that manner as' they were shuffled up ana excused in this sort, that the Guises have given their Majesties to understand that the King of Navarre's agent, with two. or three others of ilie Religion, had stirred de B€aux to devise this practice against them. Whereon de Re'aux has sent an express messenger to advertise the Duke of Brabant of what has passed hereinIfc.Is understood the long has now accorded that the Guises may publish in print their5 justification on those accusations baleetio 'had charged tiiem. It is said they were at the time of wa executions cleared by him of all the "imputations he had m «1S examination delivered to their dishonour,

ELIZABETH.

488

/LD.1582.

.

I have been informed that the day after Salcedo's death, the king and Queen Mother being at the Tnileriea, having with them two of the Chief Presidents who brought Salcedo's examinations, their Majesties commanded the Dukes of Guise and Mayenne to be called to them in a private chamber where they were. At which time they willed those examinations to be read before them, whereby at the end it appeared Salcedo had cleared the Guises of all those imputations he had at first alleged to their prejudice; with which they seemed before the king to hold themselves greatly satisfied and honoured. Notwithstanding, there escaped from his Majesty these words, which was marked, when it was said among the examinations that Salcedo acquitted Tilleroy of what he had assured him of, the king thereon showing some very extraordinary affection, 'delivered' that whatsoever others meant he was sure that Yilleroy would not betray him, for in.seeking his harm he would betray himself. The Spanish agent has complained to the king that in'the sentence' given against Salcedo, it is ordered his head should he sent to be set on-one of the gates of Antwerp, whereby it might be inferred his Majesty pretended some superiority or protection over that eity; beaeeching him to command that point of the judgement to be revoked. Whereon he answered they had so Bet it dawn in that sof.t for the satisfying of his brother, because it was understood that for the present he remained in Antwerp. The king has willed that all things which Salcedo Slivered concerning any personages or affairs in Prance should be abolished, burnt, and esteemed as things of no moment. So nothing is to remain on record, saving the points touching Monsieur and tne matters of Inlanders. The Guises have framed letters to be sent to the princes, their particular friends, for the- clearing of their innoceney on the accusations of Salcedo. It is understood the king was in the place, behind a piece of tapestry, where Salcedo had the tortures, hewing all that he delivered. They say that President d« Thou < took such apprehen^on/ of these matters of Salcedo, that f ailing thereon preset.% o d , he m departed out of this 'wardle.' President 'Harle/ Ins wn-iaJa*, is plaeed by the king in his room. The king has sent Monsieur 60,000 crowns, s 60,000 of: which k t o

pay the aSsy of Marshal Biron, which * V L

ITS

monthly; and 10,000 to pay the gamsons signified that Marshal Bironhas 16,000 foot no certainty had that he will pass mto ^ f strange to many, considering that M de ^ 6 * him. Howbeit there are now some advertisements skirmished with the enemy, whereon there ^ , the winning and losing. Bit I hear, ike m a r s h a l . s ^ to fight wit! the enemy, hearing fell they want ^ " aM aie n e c e W Notwithstanding they write kom Spam the Annce

434'

FOKEIGN PAPERS. Parma has express orders to give battle, and the Spanish agent says there is abundance of all necessaries, m his camp, save only money, which will be presently supplied. And in Spam they cry oat to ' break wars' with the French, which, if they defer, it will be upon the consideration of some further advantage. The king departed hence yesterday morning towards SaintGermain-en-Laye, whence the opinion is that he will pass to Notre Dame de Liesse beside la Fere in Picardy, on pilgrimage. He dispatched, before his departure, M. Bambomllet to Flanders; and has appointed that the Pope's new corrected calendar shall be printed and be in force in January nest. They say the French have stayed a Spanish brigantine about ' AquiB Mortis,' wherein they have taken a gentleman ; some esteem him to be of quality. The king has resolved to make new edicts for the obtaining of money at the nest session of the Parlement, which will be shortly. He has required the Duke of Retz to go into Britanny, to establish the Duke of Mercosur in his new government. The king ' pretends' not to return from this pilgrimage till the Swiss ambassadors are come to Paris, which it is thought will be about the end of this month. He has appointed 4,000 crowns to be employed in chargen, gifts, and entertainment of those ambassadors. The king has now expressly commanded that Signori Calvi and Capello, Itahan bankers, shall go their way out of the realm. The Pope's nuncio in his last audience the other day showed the king how much it imported not only his own realm, but all princes of Christendom, if there fell out any breach ot war between him and King Philip, telling the king the Pope had commanded him to do all good offices for the maintenanee of both their amities. To whieh the king answered, he had no occasion to ' break wars' with the Spanish king, but would do what he could to preserve the amity ; desiring him to signify BO much of bis mum to the Pope. Notwithstanding, if he were con&tramed,_ he would rather have wars without his realm, than within, with his brother. Whereto the nuncio replied, it seemed his Majesty had changed his mind toward King Philip, because it was understood he had sent great sums of money to his brother, which was a clear declaration of his inward disposition; This occasioned the king to say thatne could not' leave to do' for bis brother as other men did, the rather because.he was his only brother. The Mng understands how the aceustomed entire secret intelligence is still continued between the Pope and the Spanish king. The nuncio has again made offer to the Bishop of Glasgow of great sums of money, which is at Lyons in the hands of Bandim and Strozzi, Florentine merchants, for the releasing of the Scottish king out of the nobility's hands, and aiding d'Aubigny. The Queen Mother busies herself very much in procuring aact borrowing money,

ELIZABETH.

435

A.D. 1582.

The Count Montreal denies very earnestly that the marriage between the Duke of Savoy and the daughter of Florence is so likely as had been reported. It is said the Queen Mother means to repair to her house at Moneeaus to meet the king at his return from Notre Dame de Liesse. I enclose the advertisements from sundry places; a brief printed discourse in Spanish of the Marquis of Santa Cruz's victory; the copies of two letters which the Duke of Brabant wrote to their Majesties; the summary of the order of the Pope's new corrected calendar; with a copy of the relation whieh the Spaniards give out that Count Yimioso spoke some hours before his death [See No. 383]. Also a copy of a new order set down by the king in his house.— Paris, i Nov. 1582. Add. Endd. fypp. [France VIII. Si.'] Nov.

4

442,

[COBHAM to WALSIN&HAM]

The King of Navarre has sent hither M. de Lusignan to ' remember ' the French king of the offers he has made to annoy the King of Spain, requesting him to employ him while there is ' commodity'; offering to resort to the French king so that he may receive the debts due to him and his sister, and seeking to enjoy the credit which was promised him in all the places where he dwells and to be restored to all his dignities, as likewise that he may enter into all those places which appertain to his charge as it was promised him, which being done, he intends to repair hither, as aforesaid, to the king. To this no answer is yet made, but fanwords given, and promises. Le Chartier spoke with VUleroy as he passed towards Duke ' Memoransi; which it is to be esteemed he would not have done without Monsieur's direction. The 'minister of Catharina' (Pope's nuncio) is flattered by the king and by bis order, to obtain of the Pope the consent to tell certain lands belonging to the Church, to which the Pope will not consent, In the meantime the Pope is very jealous of la MotheFenehn's going to the Queen, hearing tell how he was in his last journey greatly agreeable to her; wherefore the mmao has sought diligently to search into the occasions of TUB journey, whichw not so much hastened as it was. I hear he is to renew the trade ne dealt in the other time he was m England, with especial commission from the king, but their minds vary so that it is not easy to wite the certainty. The Pope's factor had brought him, sent from Milan, a packet of letters directed to Mendasa is England; therefore 1 could wish all packets were seen by you. The Pope has resolved to create before Christmas four Spanish. cardinals and four French, of whom the Prince of Conde 8 brother is one, and M. de Joyeuse*s another. The Biahop of Mande 'returns' to make 'shoute' [suit] to become the Duke of Brabant's chancellor, in the plaee of 1 resident

436

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.B. 1582.

de ,Thou; wnereunto he employe the favours of the Duke of Epernon and hia own. fair niece [Mme de Sauve]. • Moiisimr has sent letters of thanks to ! de Pernon' for the good office lie does for him towards the king, ' assuring ' he will not be ungrateful. He has sent the like letters of ' gratuite' to Madame de Sauve, . • The Duke of Eerrara has recommended Count Octavio Landi to the Duke of Guise, into whoae service and friendship he is refeained. Cavaliero Griraldi has for a certainty taken the way towards Spain by post, having left his wife in this town. He pretended to go to Rome. I send back your letter directed to him. The ' Lady of 8,000' [Queen of Navarre] is grown into unkindness with Monsieur. She is now sickly. They say now in Court that the Marquis of Pescara was- lately taken about ' Aquis Mortis.' Josepho. Eiva, who some montha past was aent from Naples to the King of Sweden about his pretence to the Duchy of 'Barry' [qy. Bari], claiming it by right of his wife, daughter of the queen ' Begina' Bona, has brought offer from that king to the Spanish king to deliver ship's biscuit, cordage, and all other necessaries which are to be ' recovered ' in his ' minurales ' (?), for the service of the Catholic king, upon condition to have the Duchy of ' Barry' and certain aums of money. This Josepho Biva has been _ at Naples and ia gone on his way to Spain with these affairs. And there is' another Italian, named Alexaildro, who has of late bargained in Sweden for six ships. The king is content now to suffer Calvi to stay. He -was ' complained' by one Bruno, a Genoese, ' to be' the Spanish king's pensioner, and to pay his pensioners in France. Chanvallon is gone towards the Duke of Brabant. Unsigned and undated, but endd. by Wahingham, 2f H>[Franee VJIL 95.] 443.

Decipher, in Imid of B. BeaU, of parts of the above,

Endd, lp, Nov. 4

444.

[Ibid. VIII, 95«.]

MASINO DBL BENS to WAI,SINGKAH

I happened lately to speak with the Queen Mother, when, aa opportunity occurring, 1 returned, to the subject of* the advantage it would be to these two countries, seeing the state, the world was in, to think of forming a good union; f6r thereby they would sacked in breaking for fee King of Spain the course of bia great fortuneHer Majesty took this in such part that I well see it is not si «p alien to her. So M. de Bellievre afterwards confirmed to me, j h o complained a little of your ambassador, saying that he hm ol late set before hitm some proposition to that effect, bat whea it caiue to dose quarterg, he drew back, saying he had no orders from

ELIZABETH.

4S7

A.D.1582.

his mistress to go further, whereupon it seems to them that they have been a little triiied with. Withal, so far as I can understand, things are in such a position that all good may be hoped for, especially seeing that since my talk with her Majesty and the gentleman mentioned, some change has come to pass which makes . me hope still more that we shall be able to come to an understanding ; for it was first decided to send into Scotland a gentleman of the Cardinal of Bourbon's, named ' Hanneville,'who was to go by sea, and they have since resolved to send M. de la Mothe, bidding him go by your way. This makes me believe that lie will have instructions to speak of this business, and that being so, I do • not think that if a further passage be refused him, they would make much account of it; for I have heard that they have been forced to make this dispatch by the 'pressure that baa been put upon them, you can think by whom. Among the rest the Scottish ambassador has sent to persuade their Majesties that their queen offered great things to the king provided he would renounce ' our ' friendship ;. which has so little likelihood that I wonder it has been put forward, by them. Of all which things it seemed to me good to advertise you, that you might not only see how I toil for the public weal, but also might see the disposition it seems to me we are in here on this matter; and advertise the Queen of it. And whereas , she had at other times doubted lest our king wanted to give her trouble in that direction, time will show, and I hope in God that as I said juBt now she will see that neither in that direction nor any other, does his Majesty think of doing anything that could displease or incommode,you. Having nothing more to say at present, I beg you to commend me to her and keep me in her favour.—Paris, 4 November 1582. Add. Enckl. Ital. 'A pp. Nov.

4

445.

{Ibkl. 7IIL 96.]

PIBTBO BIZAEBI to

His Highness's people lately made an attempt on Louy&in, which did not succeed, because the soldiers of the garrison got intelligence of it before they arrived.' They say that some remained prisoners through having been over bold in their wish to get into the place. Many throw the blame on the French, who did not march in flTOE as they should have done; which caused the failure, and the loss of those who were left, who belonged to the garrisons of Brussels and Mechlin. It is said that his Highness's people who are in Friesland h»TB taken Delfayl, a place on the sea near Gtoniflgen, which wouW be of no small importance; but of this I cannot assure you as yet. Of late days it lias been said that the Marquis of Efsboiirg, dim Viscount of &hect, had been poisoned at a banquet by the ranee of Parma, together with M. de Montigny and another mnbl&mm of the country, and that the marquis was dead; which however i cannot affirm. But if it is not so, it may easily fie so one aztj, mm being the recompense for good Asserts wMek now-n-dap eomes from the Crown of Spain.

438 A.B.

FOBEIGN PAPEBS.

•

1582. My friend, by whom I was faithfully advertised of the occurrents of Italy and the Levant, when sailing from Venice to Sicily on some very important affairs of his, has been captured by Turkish pirates together with the others who were on board a ship belonging to the Duke of Florence. Thus I am deprived at one and the same time of my friend and of what it was pleasant to hear so often. Such however are the fruits of inconstant fortune, which must be borne with a patient and steadfast mind. Nothing more at present, except to pray that you may be kept sound and happy with her Majesty and all who love her.-—Antwerp, 4 November 1582. P.8.—The English soldiers, by his Highness'a orders, have been transferred to Brussels for the security of that city; or indeed for some other design, as it is said that the enemy's camp is at the siege of Ninove. Endd. by L. Tom$on. Ital. 1£ pp. [Holl. and Fl. XVII. 54.]

Nov. 6

446.

COUNT DH SILVA to WALSIN&HAM

I would not lose the opportunity which I have of writing to you any more than I shall let pass any that I may have of serving you at any time and in any place, for the sake of the insistency and good will where-with you have always desired Portuguese liberty and the recovery of the Crown of Portugal; a matter which brings you such reputation in these isles, and binds me to you, as I hope in our Lord to show in a place where the effort will not fail m^i more than the will fails me here. The bearer of this is Captain Henry [Richards], who has acquitted himself up to now with much fidelity and honourably in the service of his Majesty, and well shown that he belongs to his nation, as well as his desire of serving. And since he is able to inform you particularly of the state of the king my master's affairs, as well acquainted with them, I. need not trouble you further.— Angra, 6 November 1582. "Add. Nov. 6

Nov. 6

Endd. Port. % p.

[Portugal I. 90.]

4 4 7 . English translation of the above. In hand ofL. Tomsm and endd. by him. | p. 448.

[Ibid. I. 90 a.}

MADAMB BE LA NOTE to 'WAI1BIN0HAM

I received your letter by M. de la Fontaine, with the hackney you. were kind enough to send me, for which I shall remain infinitely obliged, as for all the benefits for which we have so long been indebted to you. I am only displeased that in recognition^f BO many kindnesses we have no means of doing you all the service we have vowed you. But I am sure you will excuse »B our nnsiortune,, which, renders us useless useless to to all all our our friends, friends, aand makes enders us it m p i b l ffor as to t do d anything but importune them h toto assist it iimpossible assist us. And since I know, that you participate therein, and forget

ELIZABETH. A.D.1582.

-

.

-

489

•

nothing which can serve to givs repose and solace to M. de la None, I will not fail to let you know the news I had of him some days ago. He is pretty well, thank God, considering the rigour and ill-treatment which he receives in his prison; but the length of this solitary confinement wearies him extremely, with the little progress he sees towards his deliverance, the affairs of which continue in a state which makes me more and more resign myself to the hope which you give me in your letter, that God alone will put a hand to it, since human means have so little effect. Nevertheless I beg you to continue to him the affection you have up to now shown him this extremity, soliciting as yon do your Queen's favour both towards Monsieur and others who you may judge will be of service in obtaining his liberty.—Le Plessis, 6 November 1582. (Signed) M. de Lure {might possibly be Jure). P.S.—Your wife and daughter will, if you please, find here that I humbly kiss their hands with all affection. Add. Endd. Fr. Nov. 8

449.

l$p.

[France VIII. 97.]

WALSINGHAH to GOBHAM

Her Majesty was glad to be forewarned by you of their intention there to require that la Mothe might be suffered to repair into Scotland, for she has thereby prepared herself the better to answer the examiner on that behalf; being fully resolved not to yield to his going thither, notwithstanding the good opinion she has otherwise of him, for she remembers withal that he is a frenchman. The ambassador has opened his packet, and shown how far he is authorised to deal in the matter of marriage; wherein, howsoever it has been given out to you there, and otherwise, that the king would nof satisfy her Majesty in the principal difficulty that arose thereon touching the bearing of the charge of the war, yet upon perusing the instrument sent to the ambassador, it- appeal's that the contents of it are no other than have been answered these twelve months touching that point; which is that-the king will be content, the marriage taking place, to join his forces and means with her Majesty's for the prosecution of the war. By which manner of proceeding it appears that the king is but coldly affected to the cause, wherein those that weigh the matter indifferently, considering her Majesty's years and their necessity in France _to be provided with a successor either by the king or Monsieur, judge that they have good reason for themselves not to be too hasty in the matter. Yet notwithstanding all this it is meant that the negotiation shall still be entertained whereof we have hitherto taken more hurt than good. How things pass in Scotland you will pereeive by the enclosed. From the Low Countries we have heard nothing of late, save that their wants and miseries daily increase. Monsieur has of late 'been in hand' with her Majesty to lead Mm some more money, •which has been denied him, with the answer that tiE she might perceive the king himself to embrace '&& cause more earnestly, she . would spend no more treasure that way, seeing no purpose why

440

•

ftOKElG-N

PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

•

she should in this sort -weaken her own state, and advantage him little or nothing. Her Majesty is very desirous to be truly informed touching Salcedo's confession, whether it any way ' stretche3' to touch the House of Guise. It is thought that what -will be published will not contain such principal matters as ' is informed' have been by him confessed both before he was sent out of the Low Countries and since his repair into 'those' parts. (This par. in Walsingham's own hand.)

Since it appears by your letters that in acquainting them with the course of her Majesty's proceedings in these causes of Scotland, you have only shown them the declarations sent you, her Majesty desires you also to show the copies of the instrument and of the king's letter to her which you have likewise received for that purpose, either to Pinart or Bruiart, or some other of the king's Council that may acquaint him therewith, whereby they may understand how well satisfied the young king rests with her Majesty's manner.of dealing towards him, and that bhe approves what the lords have done in the action, as tending to the furtherance of nig service and the common quiet and benefit of that state. Draft. Endd. with date. 2 pp. Nov. 8

4 5 0 , The DUKE OF Atwon to the QUEEN Thomas Nes, an English merchant of the country of Norfolk and the town of' Iermeuy' [qy. Yarmouth], has informed me that having made several suits for the recovery of a fly-boat belonging to '"Witse Greerentss1 which had been taken by certain pirates, and afterwards retaken by a Captain Grave, then in the service of the Admiral of England, the Earl of Lincoln, he has been compelled to incur many heavy costs and expenses, for which he cannot get reimbursed. ]?or this reason desiring in any way possible to oblige the said Hes, I am writing to you, in the assurance that you will not feel importuned thereby, to beg you to do- so much for him that by your authority he may recover his costa and remain content, according to the promise which he assures me he had from you three months ago.—Antwerp, 8 November 1582. (Signed), Francois. Add. Endd. Fr. fj?.

. NOV. 9

[France VIII. 98.]

451.

{HoU. and Fl, XVIL 55.]

BsEKABDIKO KE MBNDOZA to BuHGHLEY

By my letter written to Secretary Walsingham to be laid before the Council I have informed him how a ship, or two, which were armed by Mr Ughked of Southampton, had robbed at Newfoundland more than (passes de) 20 ships belonging to subjects of the king my master, which were engaged in their fishery, ill-treated theic people, and taken their victuals, and having filled his own vessel, took one with him to t h e ' coast of' Bristol laden with fish and grease; where he was stayed by the lieutenant of a gentleman named Henry ''Bieb.er,' and in conformity with the request made in my letter, orders were given by Secretary Walsiugham to ^

ELIZABETH.

441

A.D.1582.

Judge of the Admiralty to try the cause. The judge ordered that the goods should be placed in custody until the attorneys (praams) of the owners came. Now the judge says that by your order and that of the Admiral the goods and ship have been handed over to Ughtred; in regard to which (chose de giioi) I am quite sure that you were not informed of the robbery. Therefore I beg you to command that justice be done, and that the goods be not. put into the hands of the pirates, but into those of the person who shall be thereto appointed, giving security.—London, 9 November . 15 Add, Endd. FT. 1> . {Spain I. 106.] Oct. 7 or

452.

BOND of the POET-CGTJESE! to CAKAIN RBNNE

Nov. 10 ? Know all men by these presents that we, .Buy Dias de Sao Payo, John Lopez Eaquades, Ferdinand Garcia Jaques, Anthony Pacheco, Ferdinand Yaz de Yelham, Jerome Pacheco, (Mas Viegas, Peter Anes do Canto,- Francis de Betaneort, Henry de Betancort, Vital de Betancort, George de Lemoa, Sebastian Dantes, Pantaleon Peres, James Triguo, Stephen Cerveira, Simon d'Andrada, Alvaro Peres Ramires, Jacob Vieira Paeheco, Jacob de Lemoss Christopher de Lemos, Melehiro son of Sebastian Alvares, Simon Goiicalves Murrano, Custodio Vieira, Melehiro Eodrigues; Gaspar Gonzalez, Fiancia Yaz, Francis das Neves, Jerome Ferdinand de Cea, Peter Alvarea, Stephen Dias, S.J., are bound to Thomas Kenn, gentleman, of the city of Bristol, in the sum of 28,000 cnizados, good money, to be paid to the said Kenn, MB heirs etc., to the faithful payment of which we bind ourselves, our heirs etc., by these presents sealed with our seals on the seventh day of October 1582; I mean the tenth day of November [me] The condition of the above bond is that if the aforesaid shall pay to Thomas Ghene [sic] the 14,000 craeades which they owe me for a ship called the Christopher, which they bought of him with the guns and other things in hex* (?), in the manner to be presently explained, the above bond shall have no force. The manner of payment is as follows: Twenty days after Thomas Chene or anyone in bis name shall come to London., they shall pay 3,000 wuzados, and the remaining 11,000 on Lady Day nest; on condition that so long as the ship ia in England, he shall maintain her at his cost, and if by any ehance she is lost or suffer damage, the loss or damage shall be his. {Signed by Ant" Sanchez.) Endd. by L. Cane. Latin. Broad slmet. {Portugal I, 91.] 11

4 5 3 . LOSGSTON to WAiSIH«HASr Although my writing, in respect oi the little value of it, might justly be rejected- as a trouble to you in reading it, yet having experience how favourably you are accustomed to accept of what proceeds of my good affection, howsoever the thing be, and knowing my own heart willing to do any service that lies ixi me, I persuade myself you -sriE construe my doings in good part. Therefore I can [gy. not] omit at this time to recommend to your consideration the

442

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FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

* leaude,' untrue and most unhonest libels and speeches blown and scattered abroad by the 'Hanse-stede' of Lubeek and others, not only against the English Merchants Adventurers, and other English corporations established by hia Majesty's authority, but also against the stayed, and most honourable proceedings of her Majesty, of her Privy Council, and of the whole estate of that realm. A man can now come almost in no company where any talk is had in these parts of general traffic and merchants, but one ' piece' is of the English merchants ' mo-nypolion,' and of the hard and strange dealing used in England against strangers. And this talk is most in the mouths of such as never were in England, nor ' had there to do'; but grows chiefly from the Hanses, though also from such here in Antwerp and these parts as would gladly have the Hanses' libels etc. to have credit, that so the English merchants might be suppressed, and consequently ' to drive' the traffic wholly from Englishmen into the hands of strangers, but specially into their own. And if to stop this flood of slander nothing is done, it might seem that we should yield ourselves as guilty, and so become odious to all the world. Wherefore, under correction, I think it meet that something should be publicly written as apology against those slanders of the Hanses, as also in reproach of them, ere any other speak or report untruths as they do and have done. Some private person, as neuter, having good instruction of the ' estate,' and some information of the merchants, might thoroughly answer and refute the false allegations of the Hanses and their adherents, to their perpetual shame and reproach. This apology being put in print in the Latin, French, and Italian tongues, would do more good for defence of England's honour and innoceney than any more journeys of Mr Gilpin to such a Diet where prevail the Toices and sinister practises of Papists, whose hearts towards her Majesty and the state of England, God be thanked, are sufficiently revealed. God knows my mind is not to do any ill office in this motion, and therefore I rest with this ' remembrance' of it to your grave consideration, either to be ' preferred to effect' or otherwise, as you 'know meet.'—Middelburg, 11 November 1582. . Add. Endd. 1%PP. [HoU. and Fi. XVII. 56.] Nov. 11

454.

STOKES to WALSINGHAM

Since my last to you of the 4th inst. these speeches have passed here. The speech, is now come from the enemy's government that the Viscount of Ghent is dead, and the Duke of Aersehot sore sick, and not like to eaoape it. The small camp that the enemy gathered together last week between Gorfcick and Lille is £ fallen ' beside Ninove, where they make some show to besiege that town. Some say they are making a strong post upon some principal passage before Kinove, which will be a shrewd neighbour to them and to Alst.

ELIZABETH.

443

A.D. 1582.

The Duke of Brabant hearing that the enemy was come into those parts has sent into Ninove 6 ensigns of French foot, with victuals for two or three months, so that it is hoped the town is Well guarded for the winter. The enemy's great camp lies yet besides Oambray and those parts, where by good report they are in great misery for want of victuals and forage so that, they write from Artois that it is not possible for them to continue there long. They also write from Artois that the Prince of Parma has paid his camp but one month since he took Tournay ; for which cause the common soldiers begin greatly to murmur against these evil dealings, so that it is hoped it will make some revolt or some other alterations amongst them ' or' it be long, for they write their misery is very great. The speech is now given out here that Monsieur' a French arniy is come beside Bapaume, the enemy lying not far from them, so that it is thought some blows will pass between them very shortly. But these are speeches given out by the French, for which cause most men here think them not to be true ; for if they were there, the enemy would not lie ' scattering' so far one from another as at present they do. There is also great speech here of wars between the French king and the King of Spain, and it seems to be true, for the enemy fears it very much. It is thought that Monsieur has some enterprise in hand, for he has written to the Four Members oi Flanders, who are here together, to send him with all speed 100,000 guilders, all in one specie if they care; which is sent this week accordingly,—Bruges, 11 November 1582. Add. Endd. 1%$. [Md, XVII. 57'.] Nov. 11

4 5 5 . AUDLEY DANETX to WALaiNGHAsr The business of the merchants of Lyme received a sentence in the Town House on behalf of the merchants on Saturday the 8rd inat. 'their adverse party' being condemned to pay half their charges, and the chests of sugar to be forthwith delivered to them. I think according to this sentence their business is ended, or else i should have heard of them ere this;_ for since the 4th inst. I have not been acquainted with any of their doings. By your letter of Oct. SB, sent me by Mr Henry Norris, you desire to be advertised how far I have prevailed in the business tor the payment of the interest, wherein I never dealt as ye£ nor received at any times instructions from you touching that charge. It may be those letters were drowned with Page's son and divers other merchants who were lost about the middle of last month. I have only heard that the States-General purposed to take some order touching the interest before the dissolution of the present assembly; BO that I think the time fit to pat them ra miad of it.

444 A.D.1582.

Nov. 11

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FOREIGN PAPEKS/

•

_

•

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••

and receiving yoiir instructions touching it, because I am altogether unacquainted with the matter, I will be ready to follow your direction in that behalf. Touching the proceedings here, Mr Norris having already advertised you by this post, please give me leave to refer to his letter.— Antwerp, 11 November 1582. Add. Endrt, lp.. [JHoH. and Fl. XVII. 58.] 456.

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:!

:

FBBMYN to WAISINGHAM

It is some days since I wrote to you by Mr Sidney's servant, since which no opportunities have presented themselves here. The enemy is still before Ninove, and has battered it with o cannons; three others have stuck in the mud. The enemy have also been mining, to reach- the rampart, which has produced little result because of the waters, which 'thought' (oni cuide) to drown them in the mine. Their battery is only defensive, to enable them to get to the sap. Within there are 500 soldiers, French and Flemings, and victualH for a month. Meanwhile for the security of the other places, his Highness has sent 6 French companies to Alost to' reinforce 12 companies of Mr Kbrris's, commanded by Col. Morgan, and 6 of French, with all things necessary. Today a number of vessels are to leave this for Calais, toiake on board the infantry of his Highness's army. The cavalry will be able to pass below Gravelines. Things do not get on here at all as they should for want of pay. They hold meetings without result, always dragging on affairs at length, which begets confusion upon confusion. Nevertheless, since his Highness has been here, oar regiment has received, nothing, notwithstanding the labours and fatigues which we have had in this journey to Guelders, where our people still are; whom we expect daily. The Chancellor of Guelders, Nervius (?), has informed his Highness that the father of the Baron of Aiiholt who was killed at Loehem desires to be reconciled to the common cause (g&n&ralite), and to that effect to receive a garrison in hia strong places, if it be necessary. I have begged the Chancellor that if an agreement to that effect is made, Mr Bogers may be comprised in it; which he promised; and to that effect wrote to the Count 'of Vandenbeirgen' [Berghes],Governor of Friesland, and to the States. Last Friday there was a quarrel in hia Highness'B antechamber between Saint-Luc and Gauville. It" was that Gauville said to someone that M, de Fervaequee "was coming to these parts, or had arrived.; that a heap of little minions wJho governed his Highness and did nothing but danee, would have to quit the place when he qame. A gentleman of Saint-Luc's following being there said that if he was speaking of M. de Saint-Luc, inasmuch a& he was in favour with his Highness, and could danee well, and do other things well too, he should mind what he said, for he would teli Saint-Luc; which he did on the spot. Saint-Luc came to loot for Gauville, and asked him if he had spoken of him. other said he had not, Saint-Luc replied that if h,Q spoke

> • \ I j j j j •

: ; : ; (

j < r

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582.

Nov. 12

.

445

" , him otherwise than properly (a propos) he would break Ms head. G-auville said if he tried to do it, he would give him the He. Upon this Saint-Luc struck him in the very antechamber, and a good deal.of scuffling (ba/rhouillerie) passed. His Highness, very indignant at these disrespectful doings in bis house, has ordered Baint-Lue into arrest in his own house. Gauville is in the hands of la Vergne, captain of his Highness's guards. I do not yet know what order will be given about it. That is how it "was told me,. inasmuch as I was not then at the Court. It is a beginning which is found very strange here, where such practices do not go on in the Prince's house. His Excellency has been a little indisposed with a catarrh, and was let blood yesterday. Of Scotland I have learnt from some Scots lately arrived, that all that the king is doing at present is to give contentment to the lords who now possess him, and that if he finds an. opportune occasion he will be revenged on them for sending M. de Lenox away from his person and other things. It is a nation which is very subject to mutations.—Antwerp, 11 November 1582. Add. Endd. Fr. '2.pp. [Holl. andFl. XVII. 59.] 457-

OOBHAM to "WALSIHGHAM:

,

'

Since writing my last, the long has continued his pilgrimage to Notre Dame de Liesse, having seen divers places in Pieardy, and now is gone to the house of M. de Mouy, whose daughter and heir he seeks to match with Duke Joyeuse'e younger brqtber. His Majesty has dispatched from him MB Jesuits and priests, so that there is no more that chanting and singing in the order that was accustomed. This sudden alteration grows, they Bay, upon the advice the king received from certain ' confident' persona, of whom he demanded their opinion concerning those Jesuits; by whom he was answered that they were to be 'liked of' at their mass and in their pulpit, but not to be trusted in making wills, nor suffered^ to haunt in Court, because they seemed to be of the same disposition the ' ministers ' were at their first coming into Prance, which was, to intermeddle in the affairs of state. These sayings have taken such impression in the king's mind,' especially in that they were resembled to the ministers, whom the king ' smally' favours, that he has now dismissed those priests and Jesuits from their attendance on him. I have been advertised that the king has asked counsel, and caused it to be had in deliberation, by what means and with how much charge 50 good ships of war might be thoroughly prepared with munition and artillery, to be manned with 10,000 mm, and those to be victualled for a year. I hear farther there is an assignation made of two millions for that purpose. But whether this be intended for the affairs of the Queen Mother's pretences to Portugal, or some other purpose, I do not learn. M. de c Si. Solemn©' [Sainte-SouHne] is said to be renamed from the Isles of Terceras, and Landereau is eome from thence with his

446

.

FOBEIGX PAPEBS.

A.D. 1582.

ships, reporting that in the Terceras they are afflicted with the plague and want of victuals. The Chevalier de ' Chartre' is appointed to depart presently to Havre-de-Gra.ce, whence he is to embark in two ships of war and another vessel, in which are to he transported 400 soldiers, with victuals and necessaries for those of the Terceras. He takes in his company, by the Queen Mother's appointment, a mathematician named ' Monjonsiou/ to bring her the true description of the island. He is to return by the end of February. La Mothe-Fenelon departs this week towards England, accompanied but with an ordinary train. He is appointed to see and speak with Marshal Biron in going by. I understand moreover that • Manningvil' will pass by sea into Scotland, as it were in some secret sort. There has been a bruit in Court that the Marquis de Guasto, or by some ' named to be' the Marquis de Peseara, has been taken prisoner, as he went in a frigate along the French coast, by those of the Eeligion at • Aques ' Mortea, as I partly signified in_ my last letter; but the truth of this does not appear by advertisements from those parts. M. de Rambouillet has stayed some days for the receiving of money, which he carries into Flanders for Monsieur, as they inform me. There have been taken in Burgundy 50,000 crowns, which were to be transported from Milan to the Prince of Parma. Marshal Biron has had much ado in the conducting of his army, being well wearied of his charge, since sundry of the French gentlemen are departed, and the rest ready to return to their houses to make good cheer, satisfying themselves with the report that the plague and dearth is in the Prince of Parma's camp. There is a bruit in the Court that the Prince of ' Genna 'will be sent by the king to Saluces to take that government; and I have heard tell of some preparations to be sent towards the frontiers of Haly, and. that Charles de Birague is to return to have that government ' as' he was accustomed, so that Lavalette is to come from thence, to get some honourable recompense from the kingBut the sequel of this is yet in some doubt.

j j i \ j ! j

M. d' Epernon has remained here in Court during all the time of his Majesty's pilgrimage. He has not been accustomed to be so long from the king's presence.

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The king's return is looked for within these two days. He has sent some to meet the Swiss ambassadors and keep them company to this town, defraying all their charges,—Paris, 12 November 1582. •

j j \ i

Mil. and endi. gone. 3J pp.

[France VIII. 99.]

1

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582. Nov. 12 .

458.

447

PENA to WALSINGHAM

I know the wrong I am doing to the public, and to your unending occupation, in wearying von with the repetition of the same tune, and an importunity which your kindness nevertheless will excuse. M. de la Mofche who has done me the honour of praying you in this, will repeat the same request, to recall to your memory the protection of my cause and the preservation of. what I have lost and am losing on the services which I so willingly rendered to Mr Dale, both in respect of his health and that of his family, and in regard to his necessity and the convenience of Ms domestic affairs. For the assistance whereof I lent him, when the king was at Lyons, on his return from Poland, 500 crowns of the sun in gold, of which he cannot be ignorant or oblivious, still less can he deny it, and yet he does me an irreparable injury in causing it to be believed, by his demeanour, language, disdain and other demonstrations of contempt, that I am demanding this sum dishonestly, having cooked (oontronve) and falsified my claim. For to say now that I should be recompensed by the repayment to me of the sum which he received from me, as well as all the ' convenience' which in all this time he has drawn from it, is impossible, since many people know that he has tacitly accused me of what I have said, imputing to me a crime of which he could not clear or cleans© me, seeing that the same persons will not now know my innocence, and the equity of my demand. Therefore I demand equitably some reparation for my character, satisfaction for my losses, besides which there remains the fear I have had of losing my debt, and the annoyance and shame which will abide with me of having so much honoured a personage who has brought so mueh inconvenience upon me, quite undeserved on vaj part. I have therefore had recourse to your kindness whieh will one day be well content to have helped out {tire) a humble servant, aged and tried as I am, by preserving his honour, and some of hie resources (commodity).

Please excuse the headlong hastiness of M.' de la Mothe-I'&ielon, to -whom I have entrusted Mr Dale's own note of hand. There are two further schedules in his hand, one of which Master Geofeay has, while Mr Thomas Colph, apothecary, at the Artichoke near the Exchange, has the other.—Paris, this 12th, Add. Endd, with date. Fr. 2 pp. (Ibid. VIII. 100.] Nov. 12

459.

DUKE CASTMIE to WALSTNGHAM

The good appearance that there was of the wines, not having been for four, even six years, as good, mellow, and flavoured (picquans) as it was hoped they would be this year, gave me occasion lately to promise you a share of them. Now, although the vintage, thank God, was good, and has yielded plenty of wine, nevertheless, this not being what I had expeeted (for ' they' £o not hold their colours, which is a sign that they will be ill able to stand the sea-voyage) I have not dared to risk sending you any. But the principal reason which keeps me from doing it is that all the

448 A,». 1582.

Nov. 14

.FOREIGN PAPERS. ' ' . country -where the Perlewein (Beerlwin) and other choice -wines grow is infested with the plague arid contagious maladies, which mates me hope that you will have me excused. I had also promised to send some to the Earl of Leicester, to -whom I beg you to commend me, and make my excuses for the reasons given above'. And as nothing new presents itself just now worthy of you, I will not make this any longer.—Rudelsheim, 12 November 1582. • • ' Add. Endd. FT. 1\ pp. [Germany II. 49.] 460.

"AITDLHY DANKTT to WALSINGHAJI

Since the writing of my last of "the 11th inst. the merchants of Lyme have given me to understand that according to their late sentence, the sugar was delivered into their hands. They have made sale of it here, and for the rest of their business have received so good a dispatch that they are now ready to return homeward. Before their departure from, me, they -would needs beatow on me two Italian ' pistolets,' whieh I did not think good to receive; but becatise they were importune to leave them behind on my table, I was content they should be bestowed on my boy. I think it not amiss to let you understand this, ' because oftentimes these mechanical persons will make report of great liberality. Truly these eauses are full of trouble and ask more attendance and following than my business in the Court; besides the displeasure which commonly grows by some ' round' speeches, which of necessity must be used to these people if a man think to do any good. So if you please to excuse me in these causes, except in some such as you shall especially affect, I shall be the better able to travail in some other business.. Yet both in this and all things else I refer myself wholly to your pleasure, being ready to bestow my service at all times and in what degree it shall please you to command me. Mnove holds good, contrary to the common expectation, notwithstanding the cannon has battered some time; but it is said those within repair the breach by night. Today it is advertised' from Diest that the enemy hovers about that town in some good troops, and as it is suspected will attempt something upon it, if he shall first prevail at Hinove. Our English troops of Mr Morris's regiment went hence on the 11th inst. towards Brussels, but we do not yet hear that they have entered the town, although there be no doubt of it, M. de Temple e brother arriving here yesterday, who says they are looked for m good 'devoilon.' Om 6 companies of "horse which went with Mr Morris in & service before Lochem, are today returned to this town, but bring no great matter that I have yet learned, worth advertising-—~ Antwerp, 14 November 1682. Add. J&ndd. 11 pp.

IHOIL

and M. XVII. 60.]

ELIZABETH. A.«. 1582. Nov. 15

449.

4 6 1 . Bj:iiNAB»rNo BE MENDOZA to WALSINGHAM

I am informed that on the 11th inst. there arrived at Southampton an English ship in which were 50 Portuguese, and among them 5 . religious of the Society of the Name of Jesus, who left Tereera together, being banished thence by Don Antonio. And inasmuch as they are subjects of the king my master and have committed no offence against the Queen's Majesty, she does not intend that they should be kept prisoners in this place. Wherefore, in order that they may have means to get away, I beg you to tell the Council this, and make application to them that these religious and the others may have warrant (oetroy) to come here freely in order to make their way to Spain. Also that they may have a passport to embark with all possible speed, that they may not lose the opportunity of embarking in two Venetian ships which are ia the Downs ready to set sail.—London, 15 November 1582. Add. Nov. 18

462.

Endd. Fr. 1 p.

[Spain I. 106.]

AODLEY DANBTX to WALSINGHAM

On the 15th inst. Ninove was yielded to the enemy by composition; that the soldier should be permitted to depart the town in his doublet and hose, with his rapier and dagger. They had battered the town with three pieces and made a breach, where they gave one assault, and entered the town, but were repulsed by those within to the greater loss of the assailants, which by estimation was between 50 and 60. One company of English were in the town, belonging to Captain Piggott, who at the time of the siege was by ehanee in this town. The enemy makes show as though he would beaiege Alost, but that place being very strong, and well provided, as it is said, both of men and munition, it is thought'he will attempt some oilier place, such, as Diest, which may be of less resistance. Home fear was also had that Brussels would be the next, but since the late supply of English and Freneh, who were received into the town on the 18th inst. there ia no great mistrust that way. By the report of the companies from Ninove the enemy is very strong in the field, being esteemed better than 20,000, and given out here to be 30,000. It is thought he will keep the field all this winter, and seek to ' take i n ' such places as have no great means to resist; wherein he will easily prevail, both because no auccour can be given from hence to any place that may be distressed, and that many of .the small towns being slenderly provided will be discouraged to abide a long siege. Our French army by little and little grows to be nothing, for now . not only the Swiss but the French themselves make difficulty to pass into these countries by water. Hie Highness being adTertked of this, by hia own private letters to divers of the leaders of those forces, and by the persuasion of divers gentlemen here whose brethren and kinsfolk have charge ia the army, latoui'e to have them come forward; but understanding tlic want and great misery among the soldiers It is said many vf them ate discottrag^d, ut 15077

» $

450

• t'OREICxN PAPEBS.

A.B.1582.

'

.

have returned home. So it is feared the numhers will he small which resolve to pass hither, and unless next summer some great matter be performed from thence, I think the French will win no great credit in these parts. Touching the interest which should be 'answered' from hence, 1 take occasion sometimes to talk with the secretary of the Dutch Adventurers ' trading London ' who has commission to follow the matter here with the States-General, and has indeed taken great pains in this matter. I find from him that the States say it were good reason her Majesty were satisfied, and that the matter should be considered. But yet nothing is concluded, nor like to be, for ought that he can judge. He has told them that a little done in time to oontent her Majesty would save six for one, and if the way of arrest be followed in England, he tells them the loss will be so great, and besides, some one or two private men undone in bearing the burden of the generality. Some ol. them answered that in these times of war they always lost six for one; and for the particular loss of one or two, they could not help that, if her Majesty should take that course. Since the departure of our English merchants to Middelburg, such of them as have had suits depending before the magistrates of this town complain of some hard justice; and having made show as though they would protest against them, and crave aid by way of arrest in England, it has been answered that her Majesty may ruin them if she please; but they say that shewing herself so gracious to them in forbearing to proceed against them in any rigorous sort in a matter that concerns herself, they know well enough she will not grant any such course to any of her subjects. This I have thought good to signify to you, that although she be pleased to deal favourably with them, yet ,some course might be taken, that by her, lenity they should'not be emboldened to deal hardly with her subjects. It may be some better order would be taken with Mr Norris and others for their debts, if they did not hold themselves assured, as they seem, that her Majesty will not grant any redress by way of arrest. Mr John Cobham has lately followed some suits of histothe States, but cannot be heard to any affect, though he has received many good words and fair promises; and now in the end demanding something towards his charges in attending here, has as 1 understand been refused.—Antwerp, 18 November 1582. Add, Endd. 2i£p. Nov. 18

.

[Boll, and I \ XVII. 61.]

4 6 3 . Siojnss to WALSISGHAM My last to you was of the 11th inst. I have since that time received these speeches. It is said that Monsieur's French army had some enterprise upon Bapaume by way of some intelligence within the town ; *"** i t ' is' failed by some disorder, and being before the town, M. Laval had his horse slain under him, So they have re from thence,

ELIZABETH.

•

451

A.D. 1582.

A secret speech goes here, because men dare not openly speak it, that the French army has been well beaten on the frontiers beside Bapamne, whereby they were forced hastily to retire within the French pale with the loss of many of their lives. By letters from Lille the French army is gone toward sBoulonnais and those parts, from whence it is said the Trench soldiers shall depart for this winter home into France, and the Swiss shall be shipped at Calais for these parts; which dealings are very much misliked here. The good hope that was here last week of Ninove is now turned to some sorrow, for on the 15 th it was delivered up to the Prince of Parma by agreement; who was there in person with a small force. The loss of this town grieves them here very much, for it seems it is lost for want of good government, for most of the captains that had charge there were absent. They also write from Lille that the Prince of Parma has sent for his great army out of Artois, and that he is making preparation to besiege Alst aiid Brussels, so that it is no winter weather, nor lack of their pay, nor yet misery that will make them lie still. ' They write further of great speech that some part of the enemy's camp will be sent to lie beside this town, because victuals and forage are ' more plenty' in these parts than in any other places, so that the country hereabouts ' are' in great fear of their estate, and not witlfbut cause. Yesterday passed through this town to Antwerp,, * that came out of France,' M. de ' Oenvalon,' his train being SO persons. He brought 7 Spanish jennets with him, that are very fair. Some give out he is master of Monsieur's horse. The great speeches that have long been given out here of the coming of the French army are now come to nothing, which, greatly mislikes all the 'state' in these parts. Notwithstanding, great comfortable speeches are still given out here daily to them of gi'eat matters that are in hand. But these and suchlike speeches have been used so long to them, with other delays, and notaiag has followed, that now they can hardly believe anything; so that they are in great pain and misery, and besides good government is greatly wanted among them in these parts, which is the cause that the open country is so destroyed, which brought most money into their common purse. So now all the money that they are able to raise to maintain these wars comes out of the 'closed' towns, which they say cannot continue long, because all their trade, and ' occupying' are almost clean destroyed.—Bruges, 18 November 1582. Add. Mndd. 2£np. [Ibid, XVII. 62.] Nov. 18

' 464.

MAXTVISSIBBE to WALSINGHAM

Being at Signor Pallavicino's house at Hackney with MM. de Marehaumont and Bacqueville, I heard thai M, ae la Mothe was

45*2

FOREIGN P A P E E S .

A.D.1582.

arrived at niy lodging a day sooner than I thought. Of this I would not fail to .advertise 'you promptly, t h a t you m a y tell her Majesty, and learn when she "will be pleased to grant him an audience. On Monday 1 shall have to dine and sleep at Mrs Stenden's, in order that wo may get an airing (nom enventer), and not present ourselves to her Majesty otherwise than sound in mind and body, if possible, to receive her commands. I beg you, if it is the right moment, to kiss her fair hands on the part of M. do la Mothe and myself, and to speak about getting him a lodging at "Windsor.—London,-this 18 November 1582.

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Add. • Mndd, Soy. 19

465.

Fr.

1 p . ' [France VIII. 101.]

COMCAST to WALSINGHAM

The king returned to this town on the 14th, and on the 15th, with the Queen Mother, honoured the burial of the President de Thou. On the Kith with the young queen his wife, he received their Sacrament, as they are accustomed to do. twice a month. In • the afternoon he visited and comforted the President's widow. The king 'pretends' shortly to go on pilgrimage to Notre Dame de 1' Espine, which is bejween GhaJons and Verdun on the frontier of Lorraine, where it is ' esteemed' the Duke of Lorraine will repair to him.

1

It its, I suppose, sufficiently known to you how Marshal Biron is conducting his forces towards Calais to embark with 4,000 of his soldiers, intending to pass into Flanders. But they are here ' presently in p^ain/ beeauae the king was yesterday advertised that the Marquis oi Risbourg had come towards Arras with 1,200 horse, and that the Prince of Parina followed with the greater part of hia army, with intent to set on Marshal Biron before he can arrive at his plaee of shipping. Withal the Spanish agent here is advertised that Saint-Luc has received a great overthrow between Antwerp and Lierre. . . M. de la Mothe-Fenelon departed hence four days since towards Calais. The Cardinal of Bourbon is gone into rlormandy, to keep a Provincial Council, 'giving credit' to his sufeagan, the Bishop of Boss. M. de Lavalette, governor of Saluces, is on his way hither with his wife, as far as Montresor. The Chevalier de la Chastre, cousin to the Duke Joyeuse, has been at Dieppe, to take possession of thai government, which is given him since the death of M.' de Sigoigne. They have informed that a brother of the Lady ' Fanhurst' is come from Scotland, and has brought with him much news fi'0™ d'Aubigny; and m his company Paulo Garelli, brother to the Duke of G-iuses's master of his horse. The duke had sent Paulo into S l d Another Scottish gentleman is arrived with him.

453 A.D.1582.

By the late letters from Spain they write that after Don Gioanni de Oardona, the last Viceroy of Naples, has returned to Spain. Cardinal Granvelle is to repair to Italy to be the Spanish king's chief general dealer and governor in all his causes in Italy. They certify from Spain that they have conceived hope to recover tho Islands of Terceras through praetice and intelligence, likewise that Don Antonio will be betrayed into their hands. By letters from Borne it is advertised that the Pope is in a very prosperous state of health and like to live longer than the opinion ha a been heretofore conceived. It is thought in Bome that he will send in extraordinary legation hither to their Majesties either the Cardinal of Santa Croee or Cardinal ' G nyetanus' Sermoneta, who are both Bomans. And they further think the Pope will send to King Philip Cardinal ' Comendonns,' a Venetian. The death of Cardinal Griustiniani, a native of Scio, descended from a family of gentlemen in 'Venice, is inuah lamented; for he was found to be contrary affected to the Spanish practices, and no, favourer of their ' Bomish severe progressions.' I send enclosed the copy oi Salcedo's judgement pronounced in the Court of Parlement, written in their Parisian law-Latin; with the advertisements from sundry places, the articles of agreement considered among the princes and free' cities in the last Diet, together with a note of all the propositions and particulars propounded there.—Paris, 19 "November 1582. Add. Endd. 2 pp.

[Bid. VIII. 102.]

Enclosed in above : 4 6 6 . Translation of the sentence pronounced by the Parlement on Salcedo, sm& exeoated 25th October. Enrkl. Latin, Nov. 19

467.

1% pp.

[EM. VIIL 108.]

COBHAM to •WALSTNGHAM

I am given to understand! by one who professes to have seen the instructions of-Xo Mothe-FUnelon, wherein it appears he has orders to confer with Biron and then to pass into England and so to Scotland, where he is to remain until he has certified the French Ung of the present estate of those parts, and of ih.<& Scottish king (*?), as likewise of the lords, so that he must continue there until the king be settled in his former stato and condition witit d'Aubi/fny (?). A gentleman of the Duke of Moiitmorena/s has brought word how the brother of Count Vimioso ie eomeinto Lanrjttedoc from Spain, which Queen Mother would not have discovered There has been here a. principal gentleman of Catalonia, aa I hear and was lodged in (rondi's house, much 'eheered'; having conferred mtli the Spanish agant. lint he is returned in mean habit; but returns by such ways that it may be he will become better known.

454 A.D. 1582.

Advertisement is come to the Queen Mother (?) that the Duke oj Florence hae become mad. I have seen letters showing his indisposition; but not ' so far forth.' The Duke of Florence has resolved to send to their Majesties ' Lion' Strozai about his affaire, with order to repair from hence to the Duke of Brabant. The king refuses to send to the Duke of Ferrara in writing the order which he pronounced for the precedence of the duke's ambassador before the ambassador of Florence; whereon it is • considered the Tuscan secretary has ' compassed' with their Majesties with some renewed kindness. • The Pope's nuncio doubts that the king will favour Monsieur

more than ever heretofore, because he understands that the king has sent to the ftigniors of Venice recommending to their devotions his brother's causes, aa likewise. Tim Pope's minister hears tell that the lord of ' occasus' has caused Hie Queen to be dealt with of late for the advancing of the affairs of State. I hear the king at Ms next feast of Saint Esprit means to change the colour of his cross of that Order, because it draws too near that, and the fashion, of those Crusados in Spain. Sec. Villeroy sent to the mtincio an intelligence specifying that the treaty of peace between the Turk and the Persian was broken, with, great appearance of the wars to be renewed. The Chevalier Breton, they say, has been here in Court these four days past, and is sent back by their Majesties in haste. The Queen Mother ' showed' to be contented with the news he brought. They in this Court have conceived opinion that the King of Navarre will come hither, but his most confident persons assure me the contrary. But hie sriife [sic; qy. wife] ' laboureth' his coming. The king goes to pass his time at Marshal de Ketz' house at ' Hoyse " and so to return at the coming of the Swiss ambassadors, who are looked for this week;—Paris, 19 November 1682. Holograph. Itindd. 2 pp. Nov. 19

468.

[France VIII, 104.]

J. LOBBETKJS to WALSINGHAST

I have received your letter of the 8th ult. containing only three lines ; a thing which I willingly set down to your great occupations. Mr Stuonius has shown me the letter which you wrote to him^m Which 1 saw the news of Scotland, and of Don Antonio, of which we had already hoard tali. Mr Zolcher was the bearer of your letters. He did not come with the same celerity as last time; for he achieved his other journey from London to this town in five days, a thing which to us was almost incredible. But this last

ELIZABETH. A.D.

1582. journey he was proportionately slow, having taken five weeks. It is true he could not hurry, bringing horses and leading dogs after Inm. That man is at home with all traffic when he is employed ; one might call him Domine Factotum. Since the Imperial Di&t came to an end the Emperor has gone back to Vienna, and it is said that he will go thence to Presburg to attend to certain Hungarian matters. We fear that peace will be made between the Sophy and the Turk (and it looks as if it would), for that would bring a war on us. Those Germans who are the nearest neighbours to Poland are suspicious of the King of Poland, and dread his prosperity and greatness; wherefore they would much wish him to have something to occupy Mm. This may be that some trouble will arise between him and the King of Sweden. The Poles are about to hold 'their Estates at Warsaw, where it will be decided what to do about him. The Grand Master of Malta has announced a meeting at Malta this New Year of all the knights of his Order, of whom he wishes to hold a review. They were expecting a. new governor at Milan; and it was said that the Duke of Pescara was to come from Spain to Italy, on his way to the war in the Low Countries, which war seems the destruction of a country. Meanwhile things' are peaceable enough in Italy. The Pope has made a new calendar, in which lie makes us skip this year full jump from the 4th to the 13th of October, and thus makes us 10 days. older. I do not know if it is to make the solstice fall about Christmas, as it did formerly; but a mistake has been found in the calculations, with which Ms Holiness is marvellously angry, and I do not know what to do. However I advise that we follow the usage of this calendar as goon as it is certain and correct. The Swiss meeting, which was held at Baden in Switzerland, to settle the differences between the Duke of Savoy and the Bernese and Genevese, has been prorogued till January, because those of Berne and Geneva would not submit to the arbitration of the five cantons who had taken up arms on the side of the Duke of Savoy; I do not know that they will do any good in January. We have been told these last days that certain burghers of Geneva, relations and friends of those who were executed for treason, had gone out and taken by sudden assault the castle of a Savoyard gentleman near the town, sacked it, and killed the gentleman, taking possession of all his letters and papers. Thie done, some of them having returned to Geneva were made prisoners; seeing which the others let those of Geneva understand that if they eould have & eafe-eonduct they would declare great secrets to them. That is how the talk goes j I do not know what orders were given. It is aaid that these burghers of Geneva did it to avenge themselves on the gentleman; who, as they say, had been the cause of their relatives' disastrous end, having induced them by money aaid promises to try to betray the town.

456

FOREIGN PAPEBS.

A.». 1582.

The King of Prance has laboured hard to get the Swiss Cantons to enter the alliance. It is said that the Cantons have agreed, except Zurich, which so far has not been willing to listen to it; I do not exactly know why they have made a difficulty, unless it was that they -want to remain free from obligations to others than their own country. I make no doubt that the king will try by all means to get them and comprise all in the confederation, without exception. Mr Zolcher, who is the bearer of this, has told me that of your favour you kindly received the request which he brought, to have some salary at your Court. If the letter which I wrote you has been of help to him in this, I shall be very glnd, and will humbly thank you; which I shall do witli still' better heart whenever {metis que) I learn that his petition has come to a good point. I pray you then to carry through what you have well begun.— Strasburg, 19 November 1582. AM. Nov. 24

Endd. Fr.

l\$p.

[Germany II. 50.]

4 6 9 . Depositions in the matter of the Portuguese landed at Southampton Know all men that on the 24th Nov. 1582, at the instance of Don Bernardino de Hendoza etc.. captain of light horse to his Catholic Majesty in his kingdom of Naples, and for his business at the Court of the Queen of England, before me Jacob (Diego) Wittwronghele junior, sworn notary residing in the city of London, and in the presence of the witnesses named below, appeared in person Messrs Chriatovao de Lemos, aged 47, Francisco .Darneves, aged 37, Antonio Dias, aged 28, G-alas Viegas de Tayde, aged 42, Antonio Gonsalee, mariner, aged 35, and Fernan Yas Hodovalle, aged 50, more or less all Portuguese ; who declared and vouched by their solemn oaths on the four Gospels that that is truth which by them and each o! them ia hereafter declared, in form and manner as follows. To wit, Chrietovfto de Leinoa declares that being captain of the fortresB of St. Sebastian and governor oi the city of Angra in the island of Tercera, there came to the port of tliat city about the month of July last an English pirate, who called himself Thomas Kern, captain of an English ship which might be of about the burden of 230 to 250 tons, armed with 28 pieces of large artillery, and many muykets and other arias. He came to witness, to treat with him as governor and captain of the fortress, saying that he came from the island of Madeira, where, according to what witness heard from the English sailors on the ship, the said Kem hiid robbed a Portuguese vessel bound from Lisbon for Brazil with resiu and other goods, and had with his company taken out of her the resin and other -goods, which he, Kern, sold in the city of Angra, where he also brought the ship he had plundered. After that, Kem had stayed in the said city, and at the end of 15 or 20 days had gone to the island of Parazen de Corvo to rob, and stayed there tor a while till Don Antonio sent for him. (Signed) T° Delemos.

ELIZABETH. A.D.

457

1582. Then Francisco Darneves deelared upon oath that what he knew about Thomas Kern was that he, -witness, being in the island of Tercera about August last had heard the English people of the ship confess that Kem and they had robbed a Portuguese ship from the kingdom of Portugal for Brazil, and what they took was resin and other goods which they sold there; and witness knows that Kem and his people were pirates, because they robbed him oi more than 15 ducats. {Signed) Fr™ Darneves. Then Antonio Bias deelared that what he knew of Thomas Kem waa that he, -witness, being in the isle of Tercera about the beginning of September last, heard that he was an Englishman who had come with his ship to that island and brought in his company a merchantman (?redondo) which witness heard from the English people of Kern's ship that Kem had taken on the coast oi Portugal, with resin and other goods, and that it was sailing for Brazil. Witness further declared that he heard it publicly said that Kem carried artillery in his sliip which he Jiad taken from the said ship. (Signed) Antonio Dias. Then Galas Yiegas of Tayde said that he knew Thomas Kem. was a pirate because he, witness, had seen a ship, small and new, which Kem had robbed and carried off at the isle of Tercera, where witness was about last'July, which, as he understood, eame from Portugal laden with resin and other goods, going to Brazil and the parts of Guinea, And the English of Kern's ship said to witness that he had letters of marque from Don Antonio, and that they had gone to the Canaries to water, and the people there killed two Englishmen of his company, and that they and Kem did many thefts on the Portuguese. (Signed) Galeaa Yiegas tte Tayde. Then Antonio Gonaales, mariner, declared that about the month oi July last, being at Tercera, he heard it publicly said that - Thomas Kem, an Englishman, had eome into port wiiih a very well armed vessel at the city of Angra and brought a Portuguese vessel which he had taken, from which he took certain resin and much other goods which he sold in that city. Signed Ant0 Glz. Thfn Jeman Yaa Eodovalle declared that he knew Thomas Kem took and robbed a ship going from Portugal to Brazil, laden with resin, linen-cloth, and other goods; and that Kem brought the yhip to Tercera after emptying her of all her cargo, and put her as reinforcement to Bon Antonio; in which ship witness was afterwards, in October last, shipped to go on Bon Antonio's service*, and for that reason he knows what he has stated. Witness said further that the Englishmen in Kern's ship said fhat they took out of that ship certain pieces of artillery which they were' carrying in the said ship for ballast- (S-k/ned) 3?emao Yass Eodovalle. ' And the said Don Bernardino do Mendoaa asked me, the notary undersigned, to give him a public act and instrument of these declarations. All which pasBsd in the,house of that gentleman, in the presence of Senores Pedro Aiies do Canto and Pantaleon. Peress, witnesses, suxiimoned. for that purpose. (Signed hi/ the i i s and notary.) ' Eiidil. by E, Beah: Depositions against Kstme. Span. [Portugal I. 93,]

458

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D. 1582. Nov. 24

Nov. 25

•

j •

470.

ROGUE WH.IIAJIS to WALSINGHAM

I

Yonr letter written 2 November I answered from Gnelders ; I am

{

sure it is come to your hands. As I promised you therein, so did . I, at the first speech I had with Mr Norris. ' If I can live,' it shall never fall out so again with me, so I humbly deaire you to persuade him to use me better. I spoke with your man that is with Gapt. Wilson, and told him such matters as I knew. I am sure he will discourse with you at large. ' With the next' I will trouble you with a large letter. This :norning we had direction to go to Alost; they [qy. say] it is besieged. Tomorrow, with God's help, I will enter it with the English cornets, if the town will.—Antwerp, 24 November.

• j. j i ; >

Add.

Endd. 1 p.

[Roll, and Fl. XVII. 63.]

471.

TomiASo. SASSETTI to WALSINGHAM

•

If I had had time to write to you when Signor Landi was going, I should not have failed to do so, as was my duty; but his departure was so sudden that he gave me no time. I learnt the death of Signor P[iero {?)] CLapponi (?)] from the messenger, and was grieved for it from my heart. It will be an extreme distress to his father, who had no male offspring but him, and was hoping in time to get a remission of the provisional judgement {gratia del preghtdizio) whereby he had agreed with the Treasury for 80,000 crowns, and in time might have had property worth more than 400,000 at the death of his uncle. But men's life and death are in God's hands, and everything has to be borne with fortitude. I wrote to yon how the best terms had been made with Cavaliero Giraldi. He gave a promise for £205 sterling to be paid within 15 days to the ambassador Gobham, and within the next i months . to pay the balance to whomsoever you shall appoint, and pledged his person and goods. Signor Landi and I gave' our promise to the ambassador that you would approve everything. This was done as the best thing, and the quickest in order that the above-named departure might be assured. Signor Landi will give you a full report; I will refer myself to his account. . As for my own matters, I am much better, and when you bid me come away, this time I will not fail to obey, as my duty is, and lam [not?] held back by its being winter, nor hj the plague, which I understand is bad, because I am your servant. Of the world in Italy and here, there is some opinion that the Grand Duke of Tuscany, has been ill of some indisposition of that sort, but the cardinal his' brother is there to put everything right. It is thought he will change his hat for the cap (berretta), and marry the daughter of his Highness. * I have no letters from oui there, but it is said that this news is in many. Many in 1*^7 would like change and war, but since .no new subjects of importance arise and become living, all remains quiet, and it was hoped that if peace or a fouee was made with the Grand Turk aad ™e Persian, great things would follow.

i

ELIZABETH.

4S9

A.B.1582.

I hear from Nantes that by a letter from Tercera of Oct. 14 Don Anfeonio had embarked 5,000 soldiers for an enterprise on Madeira. He started on Oct. 11 and it is believed that he -would get it by some composition. They write from Nantes that Sainte-Souline's vessel went out of her course and was wrecked in Brittany near the island ' Iddio' [Me-Dien], and drowned 72 gentlemen and 240 soldiers and sailors ; and Sainte-Bouline having turned back was living with little honour, to lose so many men with little honour to himself, rather than fight where he might have got great honour. They say that in Biscay 50 ships are being built by order of the GathoHe king, of which the least will be of 500 tons. The ordinary post is not come from Italy. When I hear anything, I will not fail to let you know. I have not been used to write to you so often, in order not to weary you, but wrote to Bignor Mannueci; but having heard of his illness has made me extend myself beyond my wont. If Signor Mannueci should be dead, I beg you to have certain properties of mine in your protection.—Paria, 25 November 1582. Add. Endd. lied. S pp. {France VIII. 106.j Nov. 25

472.

COBHAJU to WALSINCJHAH

I have received the packet you sent me by Buckton, and shall not fail to do as you have commanded for showing M. Knart or Brulart the things sent me concerning the affairs of Scotland and by the next -will signify to you what 1 perceive to be their disposition. Their Majesties are advertised that the Duke ol Brabant is well wearied with the proceedings of those of the Low Countries towards him. I have informed you in sundry of my former letters how their Majesties and their Justice have proceeded with Baleedo} as may appear by my dispatches of Sept. 4, 11, and 2S, Oct. 17 and 27, Nov. 4, and lastly, by Needam, the copy of Saleedo's judgement; wherein in the end it is specified and set down that the things delivered in his depositions and examinations, which concerned the accusation of any honourable person, should be taken as matters " invented and devised by the culprit, and decreed that they be burnt with fire and wiped out of the memory of men." This course is held for any matter said against the House of Cruise or any other persons. The king has been these two or three days out of the town, ' sporting' himself, so that ' I M e ' affairs are handled, other than the execution of the ordinary causes ordered before his parting. He has been very much offended" with, the report wbiehwas delivered of Ms going towards Notre Dame de Liesse,' in consideration, how he doubted thereon ' it might hinder the Duke of Brabant's coming hither, which is looked for this Ohristmastide ; or othenvisss thai it might give cause of suspicion to discover some of Ms secret

460

_

FOBEIGN PAPE&S.

A.D.1582.

purposes which men conjecture he intends, by his covert manner of dealing, more than he has heretofore been accustomed, Lavalette, governor of Saluces, is come to the Court, whereon the opinion is renewed that the Prince of ' Genoa,5 son to M. ' Dennemours/ will have that government; in recompense for which the king, they say, gives Lavalette the government of Lyons, with- the castle, and satisfies by other means M. de Mandelot, who is here. It may be thought the king has made, or will make; some entire confederation with the Duke of Savoy. La Neuiville came hither to the Court yesterday from Monsieur. It appears by sundry reports he has made that Marshal Biron at this time or before has passed on the sands along by Gravelines with anch forces as he conveniently may. The opinion in the Court continues that the Duke of Florence is troubled in his mind with some alteration of the right use of his wits; the verity of which may be best known to Signor Landi through the good acquaintance he has with the Florentines. He is presently to return upon the knowledge of the death of Signor Capponi. But I hear the duke is not in that ease. [The last words addeA.J • I do not understand that Cavaliero Giraldi has been admitted . into the king's presence. It is found strange that the Spanish agent does not procure" his audience, since he desires it as the Spanish king's mhrister. Sundry judge that the Queen Mother . will not admit him to her presence as ambassador for Portugal in respect of her own pretence. But the king may show him so much favour as to hear him and so dismiss him with some light answer. The departure of the Chevalier de CMtre for the Terceras is deferred till the spring, though his men have been levied, and Captain Ie Brevet, a Provencal, named to be his lieutenant. I hear that letters have eome to their Majesties signifying that Don Antonio has caused Duarte de Castro to be beheaded; who' seemed' last year to have fied out of Castile, where he was imprisoned, pretending to serve Don Antonio with good faith. But they found by good proof that he meant to betray him, upon the promise he • made to some of King Philip's ministers. It is understood withal by letters from the Terceras that about Oct. 10, Don Antonio embarked of a sudden in 20 or 3Q ships, 4,000 or 5,000 soldiers, with intent to make some enterprise on the ' Isles of the Maderes/ So now they harken here what good success he may have. The ship in which Sainte-Souline came has been east away on the eoast, with 200 soldiers and sundry gentlemen. By letters from Spain it is written that the Catholic king is , preparing in Biscay the greatest ships of war he can conveniently get; addressing himself towards Castile, and leaving for the government of Portugal, as they last write, the Empress, aeeompanied by the Cardinal of Austria and the Marquis of Santa Cruz, because the nobility and the people had ao liking for the Duke ol Aim

ELIZABETH.' AJ>,

461

1582. The Spanish king has granted the Biscay an s certain privileges, with, the promise of payment, of a yearly pension of money, upon condition that they shall have always in readiness 50 ships of 500 tons and above, with 2,000-soldiers aiid mariners for the manning of them, to serve him on all occasions. He has caused certain ships and munition of war to he prepared in Portugal against nest spring. The Duke of Terranova, a Sicilian, at present governor of Barcelona, is appointed hy the king to be governor of Milan, Advertisements are come from Rome that the Pope has lately chosen Cardinal Borromeo to come hither, because the king ' shews' to have him in great veneration, upon the ' devote' persuasions of • this nuncio. They further certify that the Pope has resolved to make new Cardinals this ' hastened' Christmas, and that Piceolomini is restored to all his lands and goods through the mediation of Cardinal . de' Medici. The Bishop of Glasgow has received letters dated Nov. 6 in which he says it is specified that the king goes no way, a-htmting or otherwise, hut he is accompanied hy 200 horsemen for his guard, who are paid hy the Queen; and that all those about him are confederates oi the House of Morton. The Lady ' Fanhurst' writes that she spoke with the king at Edinburgh, at large, and having demanded license to return to France, he denied it her. • The 'Learde' of ' Blackebarron' [Blackbarony] surnamed Murray, brother to the abovesaid lady, gives out that he is come hither Jonly to pass Ms time. There came in his company the 'Leard of Corstorphine, surnamed Foster, and Ferrante Carelli, brother to Paulo Carelli, who has been sent thither by the Duke of Guise. The Bishop of Glasgow has assured the principal personages in this Court that d'Aubigny for this time is not to depart out of Scotland, alleging that he has a strong party. He has delivered a list of names of those that are joined in confederacy with d'Aubigny, ' for the encouragement that they might have 'here the better apprehension of the eauee forgiving aid; as likewise that other princes might be stirred up the rather to favour the party of d'Aubigny. The names are these: Lord Maxfield, now Earl Morton, the ' tutor' of the Earl o£ ' Cassil,' with that earl's ' dependanees/ the Earl of Huntley, the Earl of' Bother,' the Earl of : Catnesse,' Lord Ogelby, Lord Seaton, the ' Leard' of ' Loughevarre,' the Humes -with the Garrs. The l a r l ofMontrose is named by them as one ' of whom they are in hope will favour' their cause, when d'Aubigny enters into the field with foreeg. It is understood here that the captain of the castle whither •d'Aubigny. lately retired has refused to take the whole brunt ttpon him, since he saw the greater part of the nobility bent against the person of d'Aubigny,

462 A.D.

FOBEIGN PAPERS. 1582. The French ting shows himself to the Bishop of Glasgow not very willing to make any overture in giving assistance to d'Aubigny, lest he might minister just offence to the Queen, and thereby give evil satisfaction to his brother. Certain burgesses are come, sent to his Majesty from the town of Marseilles, with commission to become suitors that he will not give them a governor, but that they may enjoy their ancient accustomed privileges; in which ease they ' oblige,' and promise to employ themselves, their lives, and their means in his service. Meantime the Grrand Prior of Provence has been at Marseilles to persuade the citizens in the king's name to receive M'. de ! Muglione' who is kinsman to Villeroy. But they refuse him with great obstinacy. I dispatched Needham on the 19th, who I trust will eome to you before these, though I suppose this bearer will use convenient diligence.—Paris, 25 November 1582. Continued in Cobham's own hand- on afresh sheet: —

I cannot aay how it comes to pass, but they have bruited it in this Court that the Duke of Brabant is so evil satisfied in Flanders that he intends to return into these parts as aoon as Marshal Biron is arrived in the Low Countries. They say withal in this Court that the Queen will not leave her liberty^ but rather shows to be contented that Monsieur may marry the Princess of Navarre or Lorraine. The king has promised the Pope's servant that after the coming hither of Cardinal Borromeo he will introduce the decrees of the Council of Trent-into France upon condition the Pope will grant he may for certain years enjoy the tenths and sett some churchyards. The Pope's nuncio about four days past delivered money to the Scottish king's minister, to whom that king wrote that they placed all their trust in the Pope for the redeeming of the queen of Scots, on whose liberation depends their life and better estate ; which letters were delivered by Morrow (?) to the Scottish king's servant here. The French king has promised the Pope that from henceforth he will permit the clergy of every province to make the elections of their bishops, abbots, and priors, as they become vacant. He is proceeding by his ministers to get money of all his towns and cities, alleging that those sums are to be employed in the fortifying of his frontier towns and to pay his men of arms ; so that he is hereby like to gather two million of crowns. He is further counselled to redeem the offices which have been sold, and ' bis other assises of imposts,' and so after to make a new sale of them to his better profit. The Queen Mother has visited M. Gkmdi's house, and so well intreated him that she has borrowed of him 100,000 crowns «P on assignations; which is said to be for the Duke of Brabant's nse. My Lord Hamilton wrote to me requesting me to renew his suit to you, desiring he might be helped by the. Queen now that there is ' commodity,' offering the assurance of his devotion to England.

ELIZABETH.

463

A.D.1582.

With these-I leave to trouble, fearing I overmueh importune you with my much blotting of paper, to small purpose, and so little profitable. But it is done in respect of duty. I beseech, you it may be so continued; being weary of this occupation and beseeching you to remember the promise you and Mr Secretary Wilson both jointly made to me, when yon commanded me to lay all excuses aside and to prepare myself to enter into this charge. Wherefore I hope you will vouchsafe to obtain that kindness and benefit you then promised me, and that I may return, since I have passed the due time. And to confess the truth, I have no more means to ' countenance] thia place, nor contentment of mind to endure this trade. I refer myself therefore to her Majesty's goodness and your mediation.—Paris, 25 Nov. 1582. Add. Endd. 3 | pp. md 2 pp. Nov. 25

473.

[France VIII. 106.]

AUDLET DANETT to WALSINGHAM

Pardon my manner of advertising our common occurrenta from hence, which are divers times reported here for certain, when they are1 false, and so coldly given out, being true, that sometimes I am driven to write amiss; as of late touching the Lord of Keppel in Guelderland, who was said of a truth to he dead of the plague immediately after his 'apprehension,' and now is known to be alive, and still prisoner with Count William. The enemy in those parts, since the relief of Lochem, 'was not feared to have attempted' anything against them; and therefore all the forces were commanded to repair into Brabant, where the Prince of Parma assembled his greatest forces, leaving in the towns of any importance small garrisons. That in Steenwyk, a town of 'good moment.'besieged last winter by the enemy, and relieved by Mr Norris, was-so small, that on Friday the 16th it was in the night surprised by Yerdilgo, not without suspicion of treason of some within the town. Great broils are said to be between the Bishop of Cologne and the inhabitants, who ' at no hand' will permit the bishop, being lately married, to enjoy his place. The bishop, it is *said, declares himself to be of the Religion, and has placed garrisons in all the small villages about Cologne, so that the place is held for besieged. Since the loss of Ninove, the enemy is said to have mustered MB forces, and about [sic] to mate some pay, which gives cause to • think he will not be idle this winter. They are now before Likerke, not far from Alost, which place it is thought they are now ready to batter, but not likely to win it so easily as Nmove, which might have been kept much longer; ' and' the garrison coiae from thence much misKked for their hasty yielding, with so poor a epmposition. Our 8 English companies of horse, and one
464 A.D.1582.

-

.

FOREIGN PAPERS.

.

Mr Yorke, with some lew ensigns, to defend the place against the enemy, who desires that some of his troops might be refreshed there, whero as yet the soldiers of neither part have made any spoil. M. de Bambouillet, of the Order (hi Saint-Esprii, who about 5 years ago was sent into England, arrived here Wednesday last. He brings certain news that the Duke of: Montpensier and Marshal Biron are ready to pass into these parts. The marshal in a letter to the Prince writes that he trusts to see him shortly, et lui mener ties belles troupes; which as I hear are but 400 horse and about . 4,000 foot, besides the Swiss. Since M. de Ranibouillet's arrival, it is remarked that some who .during their being here have carried themselves as neuters in religion have in open speech laboured to confirm in him a good opinion of their, devotion to the Catholic Church, saying they have had wrong to be otherwise thought of. Today M. Doyen, a gentleman of this country, and Master of the Post, and a maltre d'lidtd of his Highness's household, are dispatched to meet the Duke of Montpensier and the rest on the way, and to see them furnished of all things, Meantime the mcvrC'chmix des he/is are to provide for their lodgings here. It is secretly advertised hither out of France, and lately spoken iu secret by IS, that 51 {qy. Monximvr) earnestly ' travails a composition,' having already his instruments about 15 (qy. Pr. of Parma) for that purpose.—Antwerp, 25 November 1582. Add, Endd. Ifjjp. [Boll, and Fl. XVII. 64.] NOV. 25

4 7 4 - GlLPIN to TfYAtSEJGHAM Upon my departure from Germany I wrote you at large as well of my proceedings and success as of other matters which at my departure thence I understood of. All this while since, no worthy cause has been presented to trouble you with, which occasioned my silence; especially being come hither into this island, where nothing is heard but at leisure, Our -company begin to settle their trade here, and have had indifferent sales; though indeed most of the merchants that have as yet resorted hither are ol the the town of Antwerp. For commodities to make return, no great quantity as yet, but * is daily °hoped will increase/ as undoubtedly it would if her Majesty continued our corporation in her favour, so far as to ' impeach' the extraordinary dealing to Antwerp, and that the staple of cloth be established here only. Those of Antwerp are greatly grieved at the company's departure, and ' think' would do what in them lieth to draw the trade again thither. This removal of the company I think will be a cause that her Majesty will all the sooner have contentment given her; for the merchants of Antwerp that 'trade England' solicit the States without intermission, and fearing lest they might be called and troubled in England for the interest past, if not likewise for the principal. I ' expect' to -understand your pleasure, and if any occasion fall out to demand my service, beseech you to have me in your favourable remembrance.

ELIZABETH.

465

A.i). 1582. •

'

News we have none here, save of the loss of Steenwyk, which last week, with intelligence of certain soldiers, who flying or leaving the enemy's .service had been entertained by "the States, and lay there among others in garrison, was taken by scalado, most of the town fired, and the people, clean spoiled. Three days before, into Zutphen, which was this long while feared to be more than half Malcontent, were ' per devise ' put in certain men of war, for better safety and assurance. So the country of Overyasel stands now in some better terms, though the loss of Steenwyk much dismayed them. The loss of Ninove in Flanders discourages that 0011111117 greatly, the more by reason the French. troops have been so long coming, and now almost no more speech of them. There was intelligence ' by' the enemy in Dermonde, but discovered and the practisers apprehended. Yesterday departed from these parts between 60 * o r ' 70 sail of ships towards Spain and those west countries. Thus for want of 'other.' am forced to end.—Middelburg, 25 November 1682. Add.

Nov. 25

475.

JSndd, 1 p.

[Ibid. XVII. 65.]

STOKES to WALSINGHAM

Since my last of the 18th, few speeches have passed here, wbieh are the following. Since the enemy took Ninove they have lain still, and the speech is they are preparing to besiege the castle of Likerke or Alst, for they have brought 10 double eanrtons from Oudenarde to Ninove on waggons, so it is feared they will put those places in danger. All their forces that lay on the frontiers are come down; some of them are come to the camp that lies at Ninove, others sent into Brabant. By report of good credible persona that are this week some from Tom-nay the enemy is in great hope of some great matter to fell on their side ere l o n g ; for they make great vaunts of the matter at Touinay, Lille, and Cortrick. By these reports it is here very mucli feared that some part of their forces will come and He between Ostend and Slays, which is a rich country, and plenty of victuals a n d forage. This they may very well do, for here is no man able to withstand them, and then they will put this town in great trouble for want of victuals. This week God h a s taken to His merey Colonel Traill, a Scotchman, and governor of Meenen, who died there of some sickness. So there is great suit here among the Scotch captains to have his regiment and be governor of Meemen, But it is thought some Frenchman will be governor of that town, and the Scots be removed from thence to some other place of service. Also this week t h e t r i n c e of Epinoy's cornet of horsemen who He at Grhenfc went out t o seek adventures, and between Lille, and Tournay * t h e r e ! they met with M. de Croseillies j j # . Cromlles] 15077

2 Q

466

' FOREIGN PAPEES.

A.D.1582.

with one abbot and divers gentlemen and rieli merchants that were riding to the Prince of Parma, and took them all prisoners, and have brought them to Ghent. This M. de Croseillies is a gentleman of great estimation among the Malcontents. He reports for certain that half the Spaniards who eame last summer are dead of sundry diseases, and they still die. It is said here that 3,500 Swiss, and 1,000 French horse—some speak of a greater number—will be shipped, at Calais for these parts; which seems to be so, for at Dunkirk, ' Newport,' Ostend, and Sluys, all these towns are commanded from the Duke of Brabant to make provision of bread, beer, and other necessaries, if they should by force of weather put in to any of those places. There is great complaining here by the States ol these parts for •want of some better government among them, which.is one of their greatest lack [sic] that are on this side; for surely there is no good government, for every man commands and none will be commanded. Besides they say few captains have not (sic] half the soldiers they ought to have in their ensigns, and yet they must pay for the whole number. Bo these dealings make the commons murmur greatly against it, which will turn to some displeasure if it be not foreseen in time; for they have a great many ensigns in pay and but few men. Such are the speeches here among the commons.—Bruges, 25 November 1582. Add. Endd, 2 pp. Nov. 26

[Ibid. XVII. 66.]

4 7 6 . Dura CABIMIK to WAI,3INGHAM The pleasure and contentment that I have received from your letters makes me. beg you to continue to send to me, when opportunity offers, what you may think fit to be communicated in these parts. Since the chief instruments of the troubles in Scotland are discovered, arid the king is served by persons holding the right side, and the prudenee of the Queen, your mistress, is taking a hand in that affair, I make no doubt that God will bless the labours of those who are working at this task, tending to the advancement of His glory, and to the great advantage of the young king, and the prosperity and quiet of the two States. I was also very glad to hear that the King of Denmark, my good cousin and near kinsman, had received the honour of the most noble Order of the Garter, and had thus become my brother in arms, wherein I feel myself much honoured. But as for the King of Sweden, I fear that the news which I sent you of his change of religion are only too true, and that your advices were not so sure as mine. Anyhow I hope to be fully enlightened shortly, and will not fail to give you such news as I receive. Our a&irs in Germany are running their usual course of peace and quietness save that God is marvellously afflicting us with the jplague; in sneh wi&e that the whole banks of the Rhine s*re so infested by it that lew places ftre free.

ELIZABETH. A.I>.

467

1582. As lot Prance, we hear from all parts that the two kings are on the point of entering into open war, and there are few who do not believe it; though in truth, whoso judges by reason will see no great appearance of open war. Some talk of it one way and some another. Those who have most reputation as knowing ones (entendus) tell me it will be to the good of the Churches. G-od grant it.—Lautern, 26 November 1682. Add.

- Nov. 26

477.

Endd. FT. 2 pp.

[Germany II. 51.]

THOMAS DOTLET to WALSINGHAM

I trust my dangerous and long sickness will be a sufficient excuse for my discontinuance of writing. In Friesland we have lately lost Steenwyk by surprise; whereby, if this frost continue, the enemy will range the whole country. The enemy still keeps the field, and iB very strong. Count Aremberg, whose father was slain by Dam, hard by Groningen, and whose sister the late Bishop of Cologne married, has lately brought to the enemy 16 companies of Almains and 5 cornets, Italians. Their whole camp now receives 3 months' pay, so that we must look shortly for some great enterprise. The general's infantry is at Brussels, which greatly fears the enemy and his cavalry at Alost. The Gascons under la Maurie and the Frenchmen under la Pierre are relieved in the land of Wast. Our other English regiment lives poorly without money at Borgerhout. The French camp is now afoot this side Calais, esteemed at 1,200; whieh I the rather believe, because the Prince received letters from Marshal Biron to that effeet. Saint-Luc and 'Govil,' not suffered to end their quarrel here, made their appointment to meet at Calais. Saint-Lue is gone, but • Govill' tarries still; 'Soehertalliado' is returning into France. Mr ' Knowls ' continues sick for want of sleep, appetite to eat, and strength; but principally troubled with melancholy, which I am now a-purging.—Antwerp, 26 November 1582. ' Add. Endd. 1 p. [Hott. and Fl. XVII. 87.] Nov. 27

4 7 8 . COBHAM to WALsmeHAH Since in my late letters delivered to John Tupper, I sent all such matters as were come to my knowledge, I have little at present to impart to you other than what I received of this bearer; by whom it appears the Pope's ministers could be eontented to permit free trade to her Majesty's subjects for the 'vent' of their altum and such like commodities as may be had from those parts of Italy. Further, William Shute has learned how one of the principal causes of the Englishmen's troubles grew from the difficulties which had passed in the trade of the alum, as it may more particularly appear by the enclosed note which he delivered me. I find by this bearer that M. de 3?oix has dealt very sincerely and honourably with him, with show of much good will, as he likewise will inform you. So I leave the other matters to his relation, beseeching you to give him a hearing. I wish, the trade of alum &nd currants might so

468

FOREIGN PAPEES. •

.

.•

be dealt in that the English might become thereby more agreeable to foreign nations, whereby her Majesty's profits and dignities would be advanced, as I suppose. They inform me that la Neufville at, his first arrival had long conference with the Queen Mother in a long gallery at her own house, showing her a paper of memorials or capitulations as it appeared by the show of it. • They confirm to me that the Queen Mother went to the house of •a merchant called le Flameng, in very secret sort, where she had'' private conference with the Chevalier Breton, after which he did not stay long, 'without' making his being here known to any of his friends. There was lately a citizen of Geneva, named Lambertes, brother to one of those who were executed for treason, who associating to himself 30 others of that town, went suddenly to the house of M. la Valle, a mile from the tqwn ; whoae house they entered, and slew him, taking away sueh letters as had been written to him by foreign princes touching the management of the treason lately intended against the town. With these letters some four or five of those who committed that ' faet' returned to Geneva; whereon they were apprehended and condemned, as it is understood, but the residue fled away. I enclose the advertisements from sundry parts. — Paris, 27 November 1582. . P-B'—The Pope has granted to King Philip that he may impose double tenths, that ia to say 20 in the 100, on the Commanderies of ban Giacomo Calatrava and ' Alacantra,' both those in Italy and in Spain. King Philip proposes, after he has been at Madrid, to go to Moncon in Aragon, to procure his eldest son to be sworn and accepted then- Prince. He had named ip he general of all his horse in Portugal the Grand Prior Don Hernando, son to the Duke of Alva, having given him the government of Porto and Avero. The Duke of Alva went with the king into Castile. ' ' She gentleman whom this king had sent to the Duke of Mantua is now returned, bringing with him the 'conclusion' that the duke ' is contented to grant the Duke of Hevers 6,000 crowns yearly during * "if'Jr'f f1HlG; w h e r e w i & toe ting and the Queen Mother are well satisfied, but the Duke of Nevers remains discontented. Letters are come signifying that for certain M, de Montigny is dead and Capres sick, as likewise that the Prince of Parma has hls ^ ^ health since he fell into a river. They advertise withal that the camp ia mutinying for lack of money, refusing to march unless their pay is given them. Add. Mnddt %$pp. {J&'rwice VIJL107.]

• A.D.1582. . Noy. 27 • • . 4 7 9 .

. . ELIZABETH.

'

469 .

•

•

WALSINGHAM to COEHAM

The French ambassador having requested her Majesty thai you might concur with him in giving knowledge to the king his master that he has delivered to her his resolutions touching the difficulties objected by her in the matter of marriage, her pleasure is you should let the king understand that she has received them by the mouth of his ambassador; being in effect, that, the marriage taking place, he would be content to join his forces with hers in assistance against the King of Spain, in ease he should by reason of the marriage attempt anything against her. Her Majesty does not find this to vary anything from that which has heretofore been dehvered both by the Commissioners and Pinart and the ambassador himself at sundry times upon the said difficulties; whereas indeed the chief .point she stands on, whereto the king's answer ' were directly to be yielded,' is to know by whom the charges of the wars in the Low Countries shall be borne, the marriage taking place, since Monsieur of himaelf has no means to do it, and the States of the country are brought to such a low ebb by reason of the longer continuance of the war, that they are not able to arm and maintain him sufficiently in tlieir own defence without some foreign support; whereby it will of necessity follow that either he must quail in the enterprise, to the utter riiin and overthrow of the whole country, or withdraw from thence, to his great dishonotir. Else, to avoid those inconveniences, her Majesty must be forced to relieve him and supply his wants h er self, which ahe cannot perform without the grief and great discontentment of her subjects, as she has already heretofore sufficiently declared. She has nevertheless made Monsieur acquainted with this resolution of the king's, as a matter that touches him nearest; and until she have received answer from him in that behalf, she cannot well yield her answer to the king therein.

.

.

.

.. • .

.'• •

Tet in the meantime her pleasure is you should let the king understand that she finds herself somewhat grieved that it ghotild be given out there that he had a disposition to satisfy her wholly touching ',• the difficulties arising upon this matter of marriage, whereof Monsieur himself has by his letters assured her on his behalf, whereby all the dishonotir of the breaking off of the marriage seems now to light altogether upon her, as if the only cause of it proceeded from- herself; whereas for her part she has ever directed you to deliver to the king from her, and also made answer to Pinart at the time ,of his last being here, that this only difficulty, of bearing the charges of Monsieur's wars in the Low Countries, being removed, she knew no cause why the marriage should not go forward. And since it is there conceived that*you do not of yourself incline to further the cause of the marriage but have rather carried yourself in a kind of backward sort [alt. from as an enemy toitj, delivering such directions as you have from time to time received from hence in that behalf, darkly and in. such terms that it might appear you rather Bought to hinder it than otherwise^ her Majesty thinks it meet you should therefore as of yourself desire either M. Pinart or some other of the Secretaries of State, that you may receive in writing how the king has conceived and understood the

FOREIGN PAPERS. A.D. 1582.

.

purpose of the speeches that you have delivered to him in that behalf, for your better clearing and justification in the matter; being greatly grieved that any such hard opinion should be conceived of you, contrary to your good and sincere meaning in that cause. And since it is likely that upon the making of this request it will likewise be desired that you for your part do set down in writing the manner how you conceive that you have delivered your charge, her Majesty also thinks it meet that you refuse as much as you can to yield thereto; but being so earnestly pressed to it that you can in no wise avoid it, she would have you accompany it with a protestation that forasmuch as you do this privately of yourself, and, not aa a public minister, without direction in that behalf/ you do not therefore mean to be thereby subject to answer to any matter that may thereon be hereafter objected against you to your disadvantage. Draft, -with corrections in Wtdsingliam's lumd, and endd. with date hy Mm, 2£ pp. [France VIII. "lO8.]

Nov. 29

480.

OOBHAM to WALSIN&HAM

Alter the return of M. Pinart to this Court, I sent once or twice to him ' showing' I had good will to visit him at some appointed time. He deferred it till the 27th of the last [sic], when he came to me ' excusing that' he had not suffered me to repair to him, because, as he affirmed, they could not do as we did in England; but they had first to make the king privy to the granting of any ambassador access to them. This gave me occasion to say that I was desirous to have seen him first because he had done so much honour to the Queen at his being in England that ever since she has had a singular opinion of him. Wherefore by all the good offices I could perform, I desired to continue his good disposition towards my sovereign, and that the rather, by reason the negotiations of the realm of England were depending ' under' his charge. Howbeit, as I was glad to see him, thanking him for his pains and the honour done me by this visit, so I. was sorry to perceive, through this strangeness and circumspect dealing continued towards her Majesty's ministers, that there appeared yet no sound assured foundation of amity, since there remained these ' nye.se' [nice] proceedings; which manner I hear tell is not so daintily used towards the ministers of other princes, notwithstanding it mighfseem that no amity in these days were more proper for the Hug than that of the Queen my sovereign. Howbeit' the same is so much as it pleased the brag to consider thereon.' Then M. Hnart answered that it was their form in proceeding, which those serving in his place observed towards all ambassadors; protesting with many speeches how the king embraced the Queen's amity with affection, accepting greatly of her good will, having received much satisfaction of her benevolence shewn to Monsieur. .But the Mng did not perceive that the marriage made the progress lie hoped and looked for, and therefore he and his mother had lately sent to Monsieur, meaning further to press him to marry, which they hoped to bring to pass within these five or six months. He

ELIZABETH. A.».

1582.

471 ;

" •. '•••

uttered the last words with some earnestness, in such sort that I judged it to be a matter ' a purpose betaken' to him in charge to deliver them to me. Wherefore I thought good to say, that as it pleased the king to show himself bent in words to advance the marriage, so in forbearing to take away the impediment, he 1 declared' to mislike and impeach the ' effecting' of it; which was more to be considered than his speeches delivered to please his brother, who sought the marriage. Besides, there are many causes seen to make* men think that all this while the king has esteemed little of the marriage, since he neither upon the complaint made of the depredations- committed on the English by the trench has given therein any order, nor can there be obtained for the injuries done to her Majesty's subjects any relief by way of justice ; -nor yet when informations are made to him, showing the new taxations and impositions daily raised on the English merchants' goods, contrary to the treaties and the king's oath, is any release or amendment to be had, whereby it is manifest, how ii he had intended the marriage, he would have abstained from giving those just causes of mislike to her Majesty's people, but would otherwise by many ways and gracious manner have framed those and other things to his better liking, and to the satisfying of her Estates and people. M. Pinart alleged that the Englishmen had not been behindhand in committing piracies, and specially of late, as likewise that there were sundry new impositions levied in England. He rehearsed withal the king's sending of those principal personages to England, with ample power to proceed in the matter of the marriage. Moreover he understood that his Majesty had of late sent order to the ambassador in England to accord to the Queen all that she could demand for coming to the conclusion of the marriage; which, as I informed him, was, as I understood, no other matter than heretofore had been sent, serving only to entertain his brother's good will with a kind of demonstration, and little for the satisfaction of the Queen. Wherefore I had cause to he right sorry I had served in this place, now three years, during which nothing has been brought to pass which might assure any further conjunction in amity to the withstanding of the rising greatness of the Spanish king, which is very ' prejudieiable' and suspicious to all Ghrietian princes. Pinart assured me that, for the King of Spais, he would find enough to do, and that he could n.ot possess Portugal as he looked for. He nothing doubted but that Bon Antonio might use such means as should give the Spanish king trouble enough, having received of late advertisements that Don Antonio was gone towards Madeira; whereon King Philip, being on his way to pas® into Gaatile, was upon the news he received returned towards Lisbon, breaking off hia intention to go into Aragon, Shis news he said had been received from this Spanish agent, and not from this king's ambassador, who is on his return to Er&ncej having left an agent behind him. I enquired of M. Pinart whether tbe king had understood certainly that the two daughters of Spain were to be married to the Emperor and the Archduke Brnestus. H« confirmed that thig had

' 1582.

"FOREIGN PAPEBS.

' . . . .. been written; howbeit his opinion was that though King Philip gave in marriage his eldest daughter, be would reserve the second to show to all the world, to entertain theni in hope of his alliance, so that upon any chance oi adverse fortune he may have means to reestablish his estate again through the marriage of his second, and reap thereby a new comfort. This having passed, I told him the desire I had to communicate to Mni such news as were sent me concerning the alteration happened in Scotland. This, upon the speeches of the ting, I had delivered to him at my last audience; but I had since received knowledge how those humours there were well settled through the Queen's mediation, to the great good liking of the Scottish king, as it appeared by his letters, the copy of which, translated into French, I thought good to show him that he might let the king see it; to the intent he should understand with what.great care the Queen employed herself for the preservation of the Scottish king's person and dignity. Which copy he took of me, and reading it, liked it well, putting it up to show the king. Then h e ' uttered' to me how he had seen the instructions delivered both to M. la Mothe-I('enelon, and to ' Manningvil,' whereby he perceived the king was willing to join with the Queen for the setting at liberty the Scottish king's person, and to procure that his counsellors might more frankly speak their advice, as they were wont to do in Council. He added that if he had been as ' Manningvil' he. would have been ' twice in Scotland ' since he had his instructions; but he found that 'Manningvil' feared to be intercepted at sea by those of tlits Religion, because he had done many things against them. Lastly concerning this matter, he concluded that he was glad her Majesty had amended her opinion towards the Scottish king, remembering bow in conference with him, at his last being in England, she ' uttered to have.' some mislike of the young king's nature and disposition. He ended, that the Scottish king was her heir, if others did not oppose themselves against him; which particulars I thought it well not to forget to certify, because it may be the French will give the Scottish king to understand that all his help must come from them, and no certain trust to be had in England of her Majesty.

I requested M. Pinart to move the king that John Gower might be released from prison, as had been promised ; having been retained by the Bishop of Paris ever since May, at the 'only malicious instance' of certain English fugitives, "because they understood lie • had been with me, intending to return to England and submit himself to her Majesty, arid give her dutiful thanks for his pardon. I . requested that I might find as much favour on behalf of those who mean to be her Majesty's good subjects, as the Pope's nuncio and the Bishop of Paris obtained for those who professed to be her rebels and fugitives. To which he answered that the matter had this last day been ap_oken of is. Council, when it was thought good to let Gower remain in prison until the Bishop of Paris return, which will not be till after Easier. Meantime he is threatened of his life by her Majesty's fugitives, and ill handled in prison, I bfiBeeofa you that M. Mauvissiere may be spoken to pouching this attar in order that he may write earneBtlv in Grower's behalf; and

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582.

47S

-. I shall not leave to solicit their Majesties for ids release. Otherwise this manner of proceeding will not only discourage him, but all others who may seek to be restored to her Majesty's favour.—Paris, 29 November 1582. Add. and Emit. gone. 8^ pp. [France VIII. 109.]

November

481. "Protestation in the name of Don Antonio against the Portugals brought into England by Cap. Kenne '* Whereas certain strangers, Porfcugals, are here lately arrived to the number of four score and ten, these are to signify to all her Majesty's subjects that the said Portugals were attainted of high treason, ' pretended' to their true king Don Antony in the islands of Terceras ; and thereof convicted, their goods and whatsoever theirs were seized to the king's use, and their wives retained at his mercy. The said Don Antony notwithstanding of Ma princely clemency and upon* their earnest and submissive intercession did nbt only manmnitt the traitors, but further, of his gracious bounty, well known to divers of this nation and others, promised them upon trial of their vowed allegiance to reward them liberally; supposing at that instant to have had their help and company at the conflict in the inlands of St. Michael and Madeira. Howbeit they very subtilly and contrary to the king's expectation, being shipped in English ships, jnost traitorously and vilely ' suggested and incensed' the captains Englishmen in the said ships, with fair persuasions and rich promises unlikely yet to be performed, to depart from the king; which accordingly (but very hardly) they effected—a great breach of their supposed loyalty, a mischievous and manifest treason, and no small hindrance to his proceedings in his affairs. But it is *not to be wondered at that they, being traitors to their natural and merciful prince injuriously distressed, did so shly insinuate their conspiracies with fair speeches to seduce those English captains from their promised allegiance. It is therefore thought necessary by some her Majesty's subjects, well-wishers to the said King a Antony, and such as have sufficient notice of the said traitors' , villany, that during their abode here in this realm, it be manifested to other her subjects ' and whosoever,' how lewdly these Portugals have dealt with the English captains, and that they may be reputed here as they have been proved, enemies and traitors to their king Don Antony's success, and to the whole estate of Portugal. That they continually persist in their conjured treasons is apparent by this, that they intend presently to depart this realm to fly to a foreign prince usurping the right of the said kiag'Don Antony, whom God of His mercy restore unto the * true entituled.' Usurped rights and Etafpires won by wrong, dislike the Iiorci and therefore last the [less Then pray this prince Autonio ina>y be strong, and aft&r sorrow find a sweet success Far we ate bound, our brethren biding bale, to make oar intercession to the Lewd That trafch take place, and justice may prevail, for, if nottibia,we little may afford But trciBfciag avefy good wad gentle o m i i will cLo even as they would be done unto I eeaae, in hope the Mng your prayers shall find, for ho no doubt prayih for your Virat begins, Blizabetka. [prinoe oxxd you.

EmM. as at Iwad. 1 p. Calendar 1582, No, 200.)

{Portugal I. 02.]

(8ee 8pmwh

474 A-D. 1582. Nov.

FOBEIGN PAPEES. 482.

COBHAM to WALBINGHAM

It is now advertised to me that the Bishop of Glasgow has sent 10,000 crowns, to be employed in wines, woad, and madder, and sent with a JB'rench merchant to Scotland, which money, received in ScofcLtnd, ' are' to be delivered to d'Aubigny and his confederates ; whereby it appears they intend to make good his practices. It is conjectured that the Duke of Savoy will mateh with King Philip's second daughter, because the Emperor has adjudged the precedence of Savoy in disfavour of the Duke of Florence. They certify from Spain that the Empress will return thence with King Philip's eldest daughter, who will be married to her son the Emperor. Since the departure hence of "M. de Lueignan, who was sent hither by the King of Navarre, it is hoped in* Court that king will very shortly repair hither, being by very gracious letters invited by this king and his mother, their Majesties having assigned some money to be here received, to the value of 2,000 crowns, with promise that Marshal Matignon shall levy of the people in Languedoc, Gascony, and Guyenne sufficient sums to pay all the arrears due to the King of Navarre and to the princess his sister. They inform me further that the king has granted that Marshal Matignon shall accompany the' King of Navarre into all his towns within his government. Whereon I find his servants, are of mind that he might oome hither, but I cannot perceive that they mueh 'persuade' it. The Prince of Conde is, I hear, gone into Languedoc. The King ofNavwre has sent to levy (?) six thousand ' Swisses' (?) and has presented Casimir with a cwp of gold and his wife with a rich looking-glass. Casimir has at present with him sundry captains and ia preparing ' armours' and buying horaes, having 10,000 horse in readiness. The French kkig is levying 7,000 ' roisters ' and 6,000 Swiss. He has commanded his Colonel Schomberg to 'cheer' Ms Almain captains who are here until his return, when he will give them good satisfaction. I notified you in my last of the Oonte di Landi, who ia mueh EnM, with pear and montli, and: Sir H. Cobham. Cypher. Sootland. I* must he earlier than his of Nov. 25, No. 472, m whkh a new cipher is used. l i # p . {France VIII. 110.] 488.

GBIOWBOT I.E BatTMEN t o

I hate received a letter from Madame de la None, who is much perplexed {em^chU) m to how she can possibly requite all the courtesy and kindness which she and her husband have received and ate daily receiving from you; and she is right, for you have

ELIZABETH".

''475

A.D. 1582.

shown yourself a true friend in their affliction^ For the rest, she writes that since the closed letter which she sent you, she.has had news from Paris that a courier from= Spain had passed, bearing authority to the Prince of Parma to hearken to a general exchange • of prisoners; further that the Prince of Conde' and other lords who hold the Marquis of Yasto {(j-ouast) prisoner at Aigues Mortes, ' dedicate and assign' him to if. de la Noue, insomuch that the king said recently : ' The Huguenots will get la None out this time,' and seemed pleased thereat. What confirms this is that on the Spanish ambassador complaining about the marquis in his master's name the king said it was the Huguenots who kept even his own towns from him. This is what the aforesaid lady writes to me, to impart to you, knowing you to be ao intimate a friend. I told you before about the death of M. de Teligny ; I have since heard that he has got well, after being given up by the doctors. It seems as if God had preserved him in order not to give Ms father one affliction upon another. I have received the letter in which you tell me that you have spoken, again, to ilr Dale, and that he persists in demanding an inspection. I have an attested copy of his bond, made before a notary and would have sent it to you, but I heard that you had one which Tupper the messenger gave you.' If you do not find it I hope, now that the earl [qy. Sussex] is here, to go to Court and make request direct to her Majesty, to put him to the shame he deserves, without asking any more of him. M. de Marchaumont has offered to do it if he is asked, and if he may see the bond or the attested copy. For the rest, I beg you to remember the lead mine, of which M. de la Fontaine left a sample with you. He wants to have more of it from me. I should like to have it to make some choice medicaments from it. The earl is in the same condition as he was, which is principally bad, but he lias not the pains so badly. As yet I have done nothing but palliate on account of various delays, eonsultation of doctors, change of place, and other difficulties that have intervened up to this. Now I see still so many difficulties that I fear the mischief, which otherwise is curable, though with difficulty, may become incurable. For this reason I am thinking of waiting an account of his illness, of what I have done up to now, and what I think necessary in. the future, in order that if it turns out otherwise than we desire, I may justify myself.—Stepney, this November. P.S.—Since writing this, I have found the earl in a condition to be talked to. I took the opportunity and discoursed somewhat to him of his ailment, on which he thought well, and took it in good part. I hope, he is going to come to some resolution. I have already , begun an account of his illness ; when it is finiahed I shall present it to him and impart it to you, for though it is long since I was called in, I have not yet done anything of importance. tChe reason why I discourse on things to mm is that he may Bee it is not my fault, but his long delay in making up his -mind for his own profit.

• A.D.

FOREIGN PAPEBS.

1582.

;

Mr Stanion is waiting for you to do him favour, and not forget him when an opportunity offers. I have always let him Bee the bulletins that were presented of his master's treatment, as he would bear me witness. I)r Asheton thinks the treatment easy : I do not. So far aa my own wish goes, let him have sole charge, when I have given in my writing. I shall Bee -what will be decided, for I shall state my opinion openly. Add. not endd. ,(Qy. ever sent1?) Fr. 3 pp.

Before

484.

[I'Vance VIII. 166.]

[COBHAM] TO [WALSINGHAM]

The Duke, of &mm has caused a principal. personage to visit Madame la None assuring her that the brother to the Duke of Gritise [sic] and they will employ themselves for the deliverance, of la None ; bat they have not shown the way how this is to be done. But the said friend of the Duke of (ridse has entered into conference with the King of Navarre's agent, lamenting ' of' Salcedo's accusations, •' showing '"how the Duke of (htise stays only the king's arrival when he will desire to be confronted with Salcedo, and BO to repair after to their house ; wishing that there might be some better intelligence and amity between the King of Navarre and the Duke of Guise. The said agent accorded thereto, so it were sought on their ' sides.' To that the other answered, he doubted the Kin<) of Navarre would make his profit thereof; so they broke off, referring the progress and effect of the matter to another conference. The Duke of Guise wrote lately to his friends that he did not find them so inclined as he hoped, notwithstanding they 'leave' not to seek all means. The DuJie of Guise at present lodges at 'Medoii' [_qy. Meudon], ' in that his house,' the Pope's mmtio, where I hear there is at this instant seeretly the \jlle<jihle~\ hope of \_qy. new] of state; which ahall be looked into if it be so. The Duke d' Epemon said of late openly how the accusations were but Monsieur's inventions, I am" sure how now lastly' Mons-ieivr has written that order might be taken the poaf: ofNampon (?) should surprise no more letters; by whom my servant (?) was taken,, and by Ms brother, as Monsieur knows, I hear without his orders. Endd.: Cypher. Sir JL Cobharn." 1 p. [France VIII. 106 bis.} ?Nov«

485.

[GOISHAM]

to

[WALSIKGHAM]

1,000 lately informed the Pope's ambassador that those of the English Jesuits at Rome had advertised ike Queen of the practices of SeoUand-,, Monsieur's agent has been again inquisitive of Scotch affairs. I told him that I heard that Marchanmont had written to the Duke of &me of the matters of Scotland. He affirmed the same, adding that he was * ung fon.' 6 B. tlbid. VIII. 106 ter.'\

ELIZABETH.

;

'

A.D.1582.

477 .

486.

[OOBHAH] to [WALSINGHAJI]

They have let me know a matter which seems so strange to me that.I almost doubt to write of it; and yet it has come to my knowledge by credible report. It is that Queen Mother has been troubled of late with a voice which has said : AUons, madavie; aa though it . had been the French king. There are 5,000 Almaynes levying to he transported to the seaside. Some have informed me they are to he sent to the King of Scots, and others think they are for Don Antonio. The i pieces belonging to Alarde's cause were delivered to Paulo, as 1 have written to him at this instant, and put into hia post ' cnshionet' without any superscription. • Apparently a decipher ofparts of a letter. [France Fill. 118.] Dee. 1

487.

In Beetle's hand.

$ p.

FSEMYN to WALSINGHAM

I wrote to you twice through Secretary Gilpin since the return of Etienne Lesieur, of what has happened in theae quarters. Siaee the surrender of ftinove the enemy has taken three castles in the neighbourhood of Alost, which he seems to look as if he would besiege. None the less he had his eye on the town of Termonde, and if the frost had continued that town would he in danger, and the Waest country; inasmuch as it is not properly fortified except by the water. This thaw has spoilt some fine designs for the enemy. Also (qua anssi) the lack of order given to affairs here, which grows daily worse and worse aa regards the soldiers, upon the more part of whom all misery is fallen. Since the arrival of his Highness in these countries, our regiment has not received one month's pay. That regiment, since its return from Gueldere, was for some days on the water before Antwerp, and afterwards put on land at Borgerhout a suburb of Antwerp, with one house for a company, and half rations of victuals supplied. Of all this regiment, which was 800 to 1,000 strong, there are not more than 200 fighting men to be found, and the aame with the other regiments; in suehwiae that his Highness is much impeded, seeing theae disorders, and the little effect of what has been promised him. Has army passed last Monday near Gravelines, an hour after noon. There were with it the Duke of Montpensier, M. de Biron, marshal of the campj Fervaoques, the Counts of Laval, Roehefoucault, la Ferte1, and Bellegarde, and much nobility. It is thought the force is 600 horse and 7,000 to 8,000 foot, who can he put in the fortresses and remain on the defensive through the wiftter, securing the places from the enemy. Meanwhile his Highness will take stepB to have .an army in the spring to produce some notable result. Perhaps he will be able to go in person into France to raise it, leaving the Duke of Montpengier and Marshal Biron to earry on the war, and his Eseellenoy as Lieutenant-General to govern the state during his absence. If he ia not in Prance in peraon, he will have great difficulty in putting the required army in the field. And to say the truth, the Prince

478

,

• FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.O-1582.

of-Parma is painstaking and diligent, and loses no opportunity. Last week he had Alonso hanged at Lierre, a Spaniard who had commanded a company of horse. He was taken at Lierre when the town was surprised, and was accused by a prisoner who had escaped from the castle of Iloogstraten, which the soldiers of his company held, of praotising to put the town of Lierre into his Higlmess's hands, and do a treachery to the Prince of Parma. This Alonso had the extraordinary torture, and carried by four to the gibbet, not being able to walk. A Scottish soldier from Lierre was beheaded today. There is nothing more at present. . Five or sis days ago his Highness sent M. d'Ohain and M. de Byhoye to Bruges to receive the Duke of Montpensier. It remains to Bee the fruit that the arrival of his army may bring. The enemy's army was mustered a week ago, for two months. M. de Eambouillet started yesterday for France.—Antwerp, 1 December 1582. Add. Endd. FT. 1% pp. Dec. 1

488.

\Holl. and Fl. XVII. 68.]

COBHAM to 'WALSIHGHAIU;

Lord Hamilton has sent me a letter directed to her Majesty and another to yourself, both which are enclosed. Withal the gentlemen who brought them delivered to me from Lord Hamilton that his desire was her Majesty might be informed he continued his sealous duty towards her, wherein he would not alter. He farther desires her to know that the lords who are about the Scottish king had sent a messenger assuring him that' he may return, putting him in hope of being restored to the king's good favour and bis former estates. This offer he has not hastily embraced, intending to receive all his good by her Majesty's means. He beseeches her to have him in remembran.ee so that he may return with honour through her mediation, into his country with, the enjoying of his former dignities, whereby he and his will be bound to acknowledge her high benefit. He offers that when that is obtained, he will repair into England, to assure her by oath or otherwise of Ms faithful service. This is as mueh as I remember was delivered to me by Lord Hamilton's gentleman, who left Mm at Morei somewhat sickly.—Paris, 1 December 1582. AM. Dee. 1

JSndd.. £ p.

[France VIII.

4 8 9 . Grii^ts to 'WALSIHGHAM By the last I sent a few lines, and am at present so slenderly stored of anything worth, troubling you with that I meant to have been silent, i£ by our post who arrived ' this' night I had not received your letters, of which I know it to be my part to certify. The enclosed, to Mr Yorke and M. Fremyn, I send tomorrow morning < for' Antwerp, with order for speedy and safe delivery- I mean, to be there one day next week myself, and will not omit afc eonvenient places and time to ase speeches in order and agreeable to your writing,

A.D.

,s 1582.

•

ELIZABETH.

•

479

At my being at Augsburg, amongst others I fell acquainted with a Doctor of the Civil Law, one who for religion long since removed ont of these parts ami kept in Germany; a man well learned, wholly given to the Gospel, mid no less accounted o.f there for divers other good parts than like men deserve. This made me the more willing and glad of his company, and divers times to entertain him at my lodging. So by often meeting and conferences he grew more familiar, whereby I not only understood how matters passed abroad, but he at last opened to me how he had practised and devised a means to expel usury out of a realm or country, and yet that needy men's turns for money mighi be served, a number o! inconveniences thereby removed, and great benefit to the prince and place that should put this device in practice. This stirred me •with great desire to hear further, and pressing him earnestly to impart the rest, upon iny promise not to move nor deal with any therein but with his will and liking, and for his benefit, if any came of it, he at last yielded to my desire, and at my persuasion thought good to offer his labour to the Queen and yourself to be the furtherer of that good work he trusts would ensue to her and her realm; and so emboldened himself to write to her and to you. He gave me besides not only his book, being one full quire of paper in written hand, containing at large, as he told me—for time suffered not to ' overread' it—the invention, but also an abstract in form of certain tables. I have presumed so far as to promise him that you will procure her Majesty's patent, that if his device be put in practice, he or his heirs ' t o ' have, according to his request, the tenth part of the profit that should redound thereby to her Majesty or country, as per copy of his enclosed ' remembrance' to me delivered will further appear. I thought likewise that he should write to my Lord Treasurer, as one whose counsel, in respect of his place, "would be taken; which he has done, also another letter to my lord of Sussex, ' of his own voluntary moved,' for the favour received of him being in Germany as her Majesty's ambassador to the Emperor Maximilian; at -which time he dedicated a book to his lordship. But the usage of those two letters he referred to my discretion, "with charge to deal therein as by you should be commanded, and I am in sueh sort wholly to be directed, for as you are the only person ' of ' whose favour I have depended, and felt the fruit with effects thereof, besides the disposition I know to be naturally engrafted to advance all good causes leading to the general welfare of our commonwealth, so am I and all I have to be disposed at your command. The Doctor's letter to you I send herewith, reserving that to her Majesty, with the other two, until I understand your further pleasure ; meaning, if I cannot get license to. come over myself, to send my servant about or shortly after Christmas for the safer eonveyence of the letters and book, trusting you. "will consider of it. If you like the Doctor's letter and good will (of which I doubt not) then would I desire to have a few lines to him, with promise to write further. Here, I assure you, is no news but stale and uncertain apeeehes pf the French troops' arrival in Flanders (but no money), aud

480 A.D. 1582.

FOKEIGiSi PAPERS.

r

; (

thence march' for Brabant, where the enemy ' beats ' Likerke, • and that gotten, it is thought will to Alst or Brussels. l!ho Prince is reported to be ill at ease, 30 that he does not stir forth. Monsieur on Thursday dined at the Town Houae in Antwerp, where he altered the ' magistrate/ according to their old and wonted yearly custom.

Dec. 2

Certain horsemen of Ghent were abroad lately on the way to Tour-nay, and toot M. de Croisilles and an abbot, with divers other Malcontents in his company, prisoners. It is said by him for certain that the better half of the late come Spaniards and Italians are dead for lack of maintenance. The States-General are still met at Antwerp, but nothing heard of their resolutions. There was today a French noble or gentleman in this town, with a red cross of some Order on the breast, followed by 10 or 12 men; who departed towards Antwerp suddenly, so thai none of the Wds here could tell me his name or whence he came. They had . prepared to entertain him at supper, but he tarried not the time. By the enclosed you may understand what news I had this week from Cologne. Melissus, the poet at Nuremberg, whose book to her Majesty I sent you, will long to hear of the delivery, and whether it will please her to command him any service. Others I have not for the present, and therefore take my leave.—Middelburg, 1 December 1582. p.#,—Since I know not the certainty, how soon I shall be able to come over or send, and in order that you may the sooner certify your opinion and her Majesty's pleasure touching the conditional privilege demanded, I have thought good to send herewith the Doctor's letter directed to her. Please further the grant, which cannot be any way prejudicial to her. As soon as I receive your answer, I will with all endeavour hasten the sending' over of the book. I beseech you that by the next I may have your letters to the Doctor, who I am sure longs for them.—2 December 1582. Add. Endd. 2$ pp. [Roll and Fl. XVII. 72.] Enclosed in t.Jw abm-e:

Oct. 1

490.

DB PETBTJS PE BOXIS (or DES BOTTBS) to WALSINGHAM

Has invented the eenmui Motions, whereby the usury incidental to loans may be banished from a country. Hopes the Queen will consider the invention, and treat him as well as other Christian princes have promised to do. i1or the rest, refers him to Mr <3ilpin.—Augsburg, 1 Oetober 1582.

Add. Miidd. Lat. ajjjp.

[Bid. XVII. 72 a.]

(2) The BAMB to the Qvnm •Recommending his invention to her consideration-.—Augsburg, 1 Oetober 1682. AM. Efidd. Lak IJ pp, llbid. XVII. 72 &.]

ELIZABETH. .I). 1582. Dee. 2

491.

481

AUKLEY DAKTETT to WALSINGHJUI

Though I doubt not you receive from divers the certainty of the proceedings here, yet to continue my custom in writing weekly to you, I would not suffer this post to go without my letter touching the great persons. His Highness, (rod be thanked, is in good . health and well, disposed. The Prince has of late been troubled •with a rheum and a great eold which has caused him to keep his chamber, nor doea he yet look abroad, but is visited by the duke at the castle.

. -'

Our English horse, which were sent to have remained in Alost, as I wrote to you, in my last of the 25th, could not be received into the town, but have ever since remained in the Land of Waest, whence they are caused to depart, but no certain place is yet known where they will abide. - The old regiment of English, sent to Brussels, remains there still, but unsatisfied of the ' lone' that was accorded them, notwithstanding the 500 French that went with them have long since received their full contentment. The general has often solicited his Highness touching this matter, and receives from him all good speeches, but no money can be got from the Treasurer, Captain Alonso, taken in the surprise of Lierre, was of late in the marketplace of that town hanged up by one foot, and BO shot to death. The enemy is still before Likerke, which place he batters daily; but good hope is conceived that those within will not easily give it over. Yet this morning some speech' is given out that it is taken ; but not believed. Touching the arrival of the French army, and the certain numbers of their forces, give me leave to refer you to the letter sent you in that behalf from the general; who, notwithstanding he continues . still in as good terms of liking and as great favour with his Highness as heretofore I have signified to you, yet considering the hard dealings which are daily offered to our English nation, and the arrival here of the French, who in all respects are sure still to be preferred, 'if upon any good occasion of service in Ireland you should please to call him home and embark him in some action in those parts, would, I trust, be able to do her Majesty so good service there that you would thereby receive no discredit at all. And truly, if you will give me leave to write my judgement, by some late discourses which I have heard him make touching those Irish services, it would seem he has -some good experience of them, and might be able with no great number of men, nor any great charge to her Majesty's coffers, to do some piece of acceptable service; wherein it were much better to employ a gentleman of his value, if it might stand with -her pleasure, rather than to hazard him continually here in the service of an unthankful people and amongst those who are the ancient enemies to the honour and reputation of our English nation.—Antwerp, 2 December 1582. Add. mm. 15077

l%pp.

IHott. and M. XVII. 69.] 2 H

FOBEIGN PAPEKS. A.D. 1582. Pec. 2

492.

JOHN NOEEIS to WALSINGHAM

On Monday the 26th ult. the French army so long looked for in these countries passed by Gravelines between 5 and 11 in the morning, and at present is about Bruges, marching forwards into these parts. There are come with this army, besides the Duke of Montpensier and the Count de la Marche, the Duke of Bouillon's brother, Marshal Biron and Wo of his sons, Monsieur Laval, the Count of Eochefoucault, the Count Saint-Aignan, Fervacques, Eellegarde, and some others, whose names I have not yet learned. The whole number of those forces are thought to be scarce 7,000 [#w] horse, 4,000 French shot, and 8,000 Swiss. His Highness is very denirous his whole forces may be forthwith assembled, and to encounter the enemy presently upon the arrival of this army; which I think will be put in execution ere long. By reason hereof I must be constrained to defer my journey to England for some longer time than I had purposed, because I may not with any credit be absent from this service, if his Highness continues his resolution. Of this I will advertise you by the first convenient messenger.— 'i Antwerp, 2 December 1582. Written by Danett. J.dd. XVII. 71.] Dec. 2 & 8

493.

Endd. by Walsingham. 1 p.

[Ibid.

STOKES to WALSOTGHAM

My last was the 25th ult.' Sinee that time these are our speeches here. , On Nov. 27 the enemy planted 5 cannons against the castle of Likerke, and the 28th and 29th the cannon played continually at it. As yet it holds out and there is in it one of the Prince of Orange's captains that served him in Holland with a hundred good soldiers, ' which weyres all presst eapes.' So it is hoped they will keep it, for it is environed with a great water and the place is strong. Monsieur's French army is come over at G-ravelines river ; being 500 lances, 500 harquebusiers, kchmal, 8,500 Swiss with pikes, and 4,000 harquebusiers, footmen, being in all 8,500 men, all good soldiers and well in order. At their passing over the river at Gravelines, almost 100 of them were drowned. There are come over with them the 'Prince Dolfin,' Marshal Biron, M. de Laval, M. de Fervacques, and M. 'Daventiny' [qy. d'Avantigny]. These are the principal that have charge of this army; and this day the whole army comes to 'Odenbourghe,* and from thence they will march by this town to Ghent, for there they will meet other forces. At Dunkirk these French noblemen were received by certain gentlemen that Monsieur sent from Antwerp, accompanied by some others sent from Ghent and this town. So they were very friendly received, and their array provided with victuals and all other needful things, at the charge of the Four Members of Flanders. This town and the 'Free' have brought each of them 6 very fair horses to give to the 'Prtuee Dolfin' and the rest aforesaid. The

ELIZABETH. A.D.1582.

488 '

•

worst horse cost 501. and the rest 60, 70 and 801. apiece. These noblemen will be here this afternoon or tomorrow. This morning a gentleman passed in post through this town with Monsieur's packet to the ' Prince Dolphin' and the rest, to hasten the army forward with as great haste as they ean, for the speech is here that they will give the enemy battle. But for all that it is feared they will not be strong enough, only lor want of horsemen. The coming of these noble persons better contents the magistrates and commons here in these parts than"the number of soldiers that are come with them, because they hope some better order of government will be set up in their martial affairs, which is their only want. The King of Spain has made M. la Motte one of the Order of the Eed Cross, and has given him 500 ducats a year as long as he lives, •which he will receive from Spain. M. de Eochefoueault is come in company with this army. But he is come to wait his ordinary 8 months on Monsieur, to whom he goes.—Bruges, 2 December 1582.

Dec. 8

P.S.—Monsieur has given Col. Preston the 6 companies of Scots that were under Col. Traill, and besides has made him governor of Meenen, so that he is now colonel of 12 companies of Scots, and every company 150 men. Kept until 3 December.—Yesterday at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the ' Prince Dolfin,' with all the rest of the aforesaid nobles of France, came to this town. They have left their army within half-a-mile of this place, where they rest themselves till tomorrow, and then will march towards Ghent. There they will pass muster, and receive their pay, which they have brought with them from France. Good speeches go here of the good order and sharp justice in this army by Marshal Biron, who rules all. News is also come this evening that the castle of Likerke is delivered up to the Prince of Parma, by ' order of agreement.' It will be an evil neighbour to Alost. Add. Endd. 2£ pp. [Ibid. XVIL 70.]

Dec. 4

494.

COBHAST to WALSINOHAM

The Swiss were received into Paris on the 28th ult. accompanied by Marshal d'Aumont, the Provoat of the merchants, M. de la Guiche, Mandelot, governor of Lyons, and M. d.e Hautefort, with Tanchon and divers other French, gentlemen, riding two French gentlemen with a Swiss between them. On the 29th they were admitted to the king's presence and feasted the same day by Bellievre. . On the 2nd met., being Stmday, they went to Notre Dame's ehurch, where after the mass an oath was administered to them for the confirmation of the new-made league. At the same time the king took an oath for the performance of so much as he has capitulated with them. From the

484 A.D.1582.

FOREIGN PAPERS. .

ehurch of Ste Genevieve were brought the bones of that aaint in solemn procession, a matter which is vised upon the making of any such accord or league. This being done, the king departed, followed by the Swiss, to the bishop's house, where they were * cheered' at dinner by the king. With thehi there sat at table the Prince of Conde"s brothers with eight or nine of the House of Chrise only. The king -with his minions dined in a place apart; from whence towards the end of his dinner he came forth and welcomed the Swiss with a carouse. There was ' fire of joy' made and Artillery shot off in the ' Greave ' the same day. They were yesterday banqueted by those of Paris in the Town House, where the Cantons' arms were fixed on the gates. They are ' from place to place served with coaches' by the king's order, and all their charges defrayed. The Duke of Guise has already feasted them, after which manner some of the nobility mean to do the like. The king intends to present to (sixteen or fifteen' of the principal Swiss, who are in Commission, a chain of gold to the value of about 4,000 francs. The king intends this week to begin the pilgrimage to Notre Dame de FE spine. The king seeks that the Gourt of Parlement should accord him certain edicts, among which one imports that every person who shall commence any action in law mustfecstpay to the king's use 5 francs. But the Presidents are very unwilling to frame that edict. The king has caused Gondi to ask Giraldi under what form or condition he demands his audience, considering the King Catholic has an agent here, in lieu of an ambassador. Whereon Gondi went to Tasis the Spanish agent, wishing him to persuade Giraldi to cease demanding an audience, since he perceived it was a matter not very agreeable to their Majesties; whereon Taxis demanded time to give answer. The Queen Mother has been at sundry rich men's houses in this town, to'make means'to 'reeover' money, dealing with Sardini and others. Wherein she prevailed with some, so that good sums have been received by her. They have * shown' in Court to have received great content at the safe passage of Marshal Biron, as they say with 8,000 foot and 500 horse, without impeachment: from the enemy. Sundry particulars are written from Flanders in divers sorts of some words ' passed' by Saint-Luc towards the Prince of Orange. I hear that the Queen Mother ,has surrendered divers towns and to her use. The king has mat to Malta to have 15 or 16 of his French knighta to serve him by aea. They are looked for here before nest spring. It is given me to understand there fe come to this Court one Grey, sou to-Iiowl Grey in Scotland, who-was brought by the Duke of 0 u i 6 to the king's presence, when, he declared to his Majesty at

• i< A.D.

ELIZABETH.

485

1582. large the proceedings in Scotland to the prejudice of the lords who are now about the young ting. Next day the Duke brought Grey to the Cardinal of Bourbon in the Louvre, where the Pope's nuncio was present; when Grey discoursed as much as he had before said to the "king. I hear they daily expect another messenger from Scotland, to bring some other news. They tell me that Mr ' Frogmorton,' who is here, delivered the other day to the nuncio a packet of letters from England, in which were three directed to the Cardinal of Como ; but I cannot learn who was the writer of them. The nuncio spoke at large with Throgmorton, with very good countenance. Since that time Throgmorton has been with him by night. I have learned nothing further .concerning the matter. The Spanish king's ambassador resident in Genoa has presented his king's letters to the Signiors, with request he may levy 500 mariners in their state, to be sent to Lisbon, which they of Genoa have granted. The Duke of Savoy and divers other principal personages are gone towards the sea coast, to ;see and speak with the Comendador Mayor, late Viceroy of Naples. In like manner the Duke of Florence, with the Cardinal of Medici, has repaired to Leghorn to visit and speak with the Comendador there. The Duke has published an order in that port forbidding all merchants' from bringing any merchandise from London during this time of infection. These princes and principal personages have resorted to take their leaves of. the Comendador, because it is understood he is a person held in very good opinion by King Philip ; so much that it is thought Gardinal Granville will be sent into Italy and the Comendador is to succeed in Castile in the Cardinal's room, with like authority. Ambassadors are gone from the town of Milan, sent to the seaside to await the coming of the Duke of Terranova, now appointed to be their governor. The Prince of Parma has dispatched to the Court of Borne and the other princes' Courts in Italy, a gentleman in express message to clear him of the imputation that was delivered against him by Saleedo. The Pope has of late framed a new Council, having appointed Cardinal Borromeo to be the chief. There are named oi it in all six cardinals, four bishops, two Jesuits, two friars, canonists, a Dominican and a Franciscan, who are to meet once a week. Like Councils are said to be framed in Spain and throughout Italy. The king here has likewise resolved to have the Hie for the introduction of the authority of the Council of Trent, and has named to be of it the Cardinals of Bourbon, Birague, and Guise, the Duke of Guise, Chiveruy, the Presidents Pibrae and Brissoa, the king s ' Proeuror/ and M. du. Feme*, lately ambassador in Yemee, and not yet returned hither. Bellievre has likewise been nominated; but I hear Afad- Pope's nuncio mislikes that either he or M. du

486 A.D.

FOEFJGN PAPERS.

n

1582. Ferrief should be admitted to that Council. The framing of this Council has been once deliberated on, in St. Germain's Abbey, on the 1st of this month. 1

I have been advertised that M. de Foix, conversing with Cardinal Farnese, who is appointed by the Catholic King to be protector of the kingdom of Portugal, lamented very much the cruelty used by Santa Cruz towards the French, ' uttering' how King Francis I of France ' broke wars' upon the occasion of Cesare Fregoso, a private gentleman of Genoa, And though this king was not inclined to 'the wars,' yet this demonstration of Santa Cruz had misliked him, and provoked all the nobility of France to take occasion to do something for the revenge of it. He concluded, that the Spaniards were deceived in the hope they had of the division that was in France, for when it was understood the king would make war with Spain, they would all unite. The Pope's intention to send legates into Spain and France, before written of, is now ' quailed.' They write from Constantinople that the treaty of peace is still continued between the Turk and the Persian. There are no further preparations seen in Italy for the service of King Philip. * I enclose the little note sent me from Italy of advertisements written thither from London touching the affairs of Scotland and such hke.—Pans, i December 1582. Add. and endt. gone. 4 pp. Dec. 5

[France VIII. 113.]

4 9 5 , D UKE CASIMIE to WALSINGHAM I have deferred writing to her Majesty till now, not thinking it seemly that I should importune her with my letters if the matter were not suitable to her greatness, as the present business is; tending wholly to the entire establishment of the Eeligion in the Empire, the subversion of Popery and the confusion of the common • enemy. A subject truly worthy of such a princess, who up to now has so happily given her advice and so liberally employed her resources to that effect. . "

JfL^L 1 See

by t k e letter l a m

writing her how ifc stands, and

what furtherance she can bring to this affair. The obligation I am under to her has urged me to write my opinion freely. We are aiming at two things, one, to establish the Beligion, the other, to mamtain this province in quietness. We fear the disturbance of artifices of the enemy, to which the Queen's 1+£ W authority alone can serve as a counterpoise. I beg you to make her digest (gmister) the matter, and bear a hand that some person of understanding (entendu) may be sent hither with credentials to the Electors, ecclesiastical and secular separately, and to the Chapter and college of Canons at Cologne. The state of aflairs at ins amyal, and the advise of the princes taking part in his negotiation, will serve him for foller instructions

ELIZABETH. A.D.

.

1582. For more than thirty years that has in vain been sought after in all the Diets of the Empire, which God in His grace is now offering as proceeding directly from His hand ; having given this archbishop the will, the courage, the resolution, to carry out what many, even of the well-affeeted, held as not feasible. This gives us almost certain hope of a happy result, especially if the Queen will employ some of her authority there ; whereto I once again beg you to bear a hand.—Lantern, 5 December 1582. Add. Endd. Fr.

Dec. 5

496.

2J pp.

[Germany II. 52.]

DUKE CASIIIIE to the QUEEN

The greatest, nay, the only hindrance which has hitherto delayed the reformation of Papistical abuses, and the establishment of true Religion throughout the Holy Empire, has by G-od'a grace received such a shock that it seems to the best affected and most intelligent that it only remains to follow up so good a beginning to beat down wholly the reign of Antichrist and his satellites, and consequently interrupt the course of their pernicious designs. This causes me to dispatch this to you, that by the interposition of your authority this affair being further advanced, you may also share in the honour which those will receive who take part in the furtherance of the fruit which all states may hope for from it. "Whereto, besides the pressure put on me from other quarters, I am further urged by the remark you made to me at the moment of my taking leave: that I should advise you on -all occasions of the means that offered for advancing the Religion, or impeaching the designs of its sworn foes. You further assured me that you would employ your reputation, your credit, your resources, to one or the other end. Since therefore the present affair tends as much to the advancement of the Religion as to the overthrow of the designs against it, I shall expect from you only a favourable reply. The matter then is this: The Archbishop.of Cologne, the second ecclesiastical Prince Elector, is on the point, is indeed resolved, to reform his dioceae, introducing the publics exercise of the Reformed Religion, without meanwhile abolishing the Roman, except in so far as the brightness of the Gospel may confound its abuses as the light of the sun chases away the darkness. This change has in the Low Gountries acquired the name of Eeligians friede. The consequence is wonderful, not so much as regards the archbishop or his desire in itself, as- for the example which will in the event of its good success doubtless be followed hereafter by others not less powerful than he. The damage {interest) which the Pope, and owing to his neighbourhood, the King of Spain, receive from it is such that it should give those of the Religion as much resolution to proseeute this affair as the enemy will have of evil will to overthrow it, or at least so to embroil everything by their secret schemes and practices, that from the entry into confusion we may arrive at a dangerous disturbance, hindering the execution of this great work and the fruit that we expect from it. Your authority can remedy all these inconveniences, alike forthe furtherance of the principal matter, and the maintenance of things

• A.D. 1582.

Dec. 5

FOREIGN PAPEKS.

.

• here in peace and quietness, to which the neighbouring princes who have embarked therein, like myself, both for the public expediency and for the facility of reaching it, chiefly have regard. For this reason I am bold to importune you with my letters and beg, both in my own name, and in that of the best-affected princes and Churches of the Rhine-province, that you will send one of your people here as soon as possible, with credentials to the Archbishop and Chapter of Cologne, and to the Electors. The ambassador when here will be fully informed of the state of affairs either, if he has no orders to go further, by my ambassadors already with the archbishop, or by myself, if you honour me by directing him to come as far as this ; in order that after having fully heard the position of affairs you may then so_much the more to the purpose employ your authority and reputation on what may be judged to be for the advancement of true religion and the maintenance of the public quietness. Your singular prudence recognises sufficiently of itself the importance of this business, which makes me abstain from further discourse on it.— Lautern, 5 December 1582. AM.

Endd. Fr.

497-

COBHAH to

4 pp.

[Gei-many II. 53.]

Letters are come from Spain, written Nov. 24 (after the account of then* new-corrected Calendar), certifying that the Prince of Spain deceased out of this mortal life on Nov. 20, through the disease called there the ' Petechye,' of which few of quality are known to perish, being an ' infective' disease like the plague. And because the Catholic King has but one son left, who is f on ' the age of 5 years, and has not the perfect use of his senses nor of his wit, he seeks by all means to match again in marriage with his late wife's sister, La Heine Blanclie, but hitherto she has been in no sort inclined thereto, . , They advertise likewise that King Philip was looked for to keep his Christmas at Madrid, though M. Pinart informed me otherwise; wliieh proves as true as what he declared to me of Don Antonio passing to Madeira, which has fallen out to be otherwise. It is here understood that he has landed at Belleisle, and is looked for daily to come privily to this Court to see their Majesties, and so to resort to Flanders, to the Duke of Brabant. Thus it seems the irenoh disguise their small purposes. n, ^ e y have informed that the Spanish king 'pretends ' to send to their Majesties here a personage of great quality to treat on the affiurs of Flanders and Portugal. The nuncio has received a pardon from the Pope, which is to be sent into England for the uae of the Papists. It is to be conveyed m Don Bernardino's packet. They write from Flanders that the Prince of Parma wins towns and prospers, though he finds want of money and victuals.—Paris, 5 December 1582. J• Endd.

l$pp.

[ffmme VIII. 114.]

ELIZABETH. A.». 1582. Dee. 7

493.

M9

COBHAM to WALSINGHAM

Since writing my last letter, in which I certified you of Don Antonio, I have been thus much more particularly informed, by letters from Nantes of the 29th of last month : They are advertised from the Terceras that Don Antonio departed on Oct. 11 from that isle towards Madeira with 26 ships, in which were 3,000 Portuguese and 2,000 French. And so sailing, after much travail, perceiving that they could not, through the contrary winds and rage of the sea, proceed on their enterprise, BO, after they had lost 14 ships through foul weather, with greater discomfiture than they suffered on the day of Strozzi's defeat, they returned back to the Tereeras; where Don Antonio arriving with his forces again ,and thinking to have rested himself, he espied a conspiracy which King Philip had wrought by the practice of Duarte .de Castro.- It was discovered through a Portuguese, who was found to have brought to de Castro 14,000 pistolettg from the. Spanish king. Whereon de Castro was apprehended, executed and quartered, confessing first what had passed. Don Antonio was moved by that conspiracy to resolve to take all the gold and silverf which was in the island, putting it into chests; and embarked it intb' his ship, wherein he sailed-hitherwards, and is arrived at Belleisle. I was further informed today that he took post at Ancenis, seven leagues from Nantes, on the Loire. They give me to understand that there is arrived at 'D'01ono; [Olonne] a nephew of Diego de 'Botiglia,' come from Lisbon, * bringing with him to Don Antonio 60,000 crowns. Captain Perdini the Luechese was here the other day, from the Terceras, a 'confident' follower of Don Antonio's, recommended to him by the Queen Mother. He returned in post yesterday, together with Custodie, Leitam, who has remained agent in this Court for the affairs of Don Antonio. Through their departure it is considered that their journey is made on purpose to bring Don Antonio secretly to some plaee hereabouts, where he may confer with their Majesties. The Duke of Bouillon is repaired to this Court. I have visited him, and find him to have good remembrance of the favour he received from her Majesty, professing great good ill M. du Ferrier, late ambassador for this king in Venice, is returned to this Court, having made that journey in 22 days, being a man of fourscore years; such was his desire to resorts into bis country after many years' service abroad. It ia signified to me that within these two days letters have come to the Bishop of Glasgow from England, whereon he ' presently ' demanded audience of their Majesties. The Swiaa have dealt with the king, demanding his favour in their behalf that they may obtain satisfaction for the injury done to their confederates of Geneva by the Duke of Savoy. In this the king is requested by that Duke, and the House of <Mse; to use his authority towards the Swiss for the appeasing of this their

490

FOBEIGN PAPEKS.

A.D. 1582.

' indisposition ' ; which the ting has attempted, persuading them to some accord. But they remain, as yet unappeased. The Guises likewise by all their means deal with the Swiss for the Duke of Savoy; and today Mme de Nemours, their mother, bestows 1,000 crowns on a dinner to ' cheer ' all the Swiss. I hear that Balagny has caused M. de Montsoreau to be murdered, revenging thereby the death of M. de Bussy. The treaty of marriage between the Duke of Savoy and the Princess of Havarre is broken off, and the King of Navarre's gentleman who has been at Turin to negotiate it is returned. After I had dispatched my cousin Henry Barrington on the 5th, in the morning, Gransom returned here towards the evening of the same day; whereon I have already demanded access to their Majesties for the performance of the command I received by thoae letters.—Paris, 7 December 1582. Add. Endd. Dee. 8

*

499.

2£ pp.

[Franee VIII. 115.]

FREIHYN to WALSINGHAST

I received on the 4th inst. through Mr Gilpin, yours of the 18th ult. As for what is going on in these quarters, his Highness's army is at present at ' Vardembourg,' the other side of Bruges, on its way to Eecloo, for the new army to pass muster, and get money, likewise the troops who are in the suburbs of _ this town, and who have good need of it, for they lack everything. Never was seen such poverty among soldiers; God grant that better order may be established than has been in the past, that his Highness may have the honour of it, and the country the advantage. There is good hope that Marshal Biron will hear a good hand to the establishment of all order and discipline in the army, which has a great desire to come to blows with the enemy. It seems that preparations are being made to this effect, and that his Highness longs to give battle. It is thought that in the newlyarrived array there are 8,000 infantry, and some 600 to 700 good horse, and as much more which it is hoped will be found here to join with them, to give battle, provided that the enemy is willing to agree to it (y entendre). He is still in the neighbourhood of Brussels and Alost, attempting nothing since the capture of the castles of Gaesbeck, Iiikerke, and ' Ergimbergue,' wishing before any further enterprise, to see what our army will do or undertake. His Highness is about making a reduction in the regiments, both foot and horse, with a view to retrenchment, inasmuch as there are companies of both containing not more than 15 men. It was a thing more than requisite to do, and it is said that the captain, lieutenants, and ensigns who will be broke will be received into service in his Highneas's company of horse-guards with the same pay they had before in their companies. This guard is to be commanded by M. de Emsart, The 1,500 reiters who are here, commanded by Oount Mansfeld, are much weakened; so much, so that bis Highness told the Count if he could put 600 fighting men in the field, he would pay him for the 1,500 that he brought,

ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582.

•••-.•'

and on this they agreed. Nevertheless these reiters longed to take service with the Bishop of Cologne who has married Count Mansfeld's sister. He would like to remain temporal and spiritual lord of Cologne, wife and all, and permit the establishment in that town of the Confession of Augsburg; in such wise that it looks as if the bishop and the town and canons would come to a war. It is said that the Bishop of Li6ge longs to be Bishop of Cologne. It looks very much as if there would be a good deal of movement in the coming year, and that every time the grand conjunctions occur, which is from 800 to 800 years, there have been great changes, and this conjunction will be next April. The Duke of Montpensier and Marshal Biron are due to arrive in this town on Tuesday, after having mustered and paid the troops. The States have also promised his Highness to furnish him with a good sum of money at once for the maintenance of the army. (So may it actually be !) And Brabant for its quota has promised at once to furnish 55,000 florins, and those of Flanders 100,000, and so with the other provinces, and they will pay the soldiers resolutely every month. There are some people who murmur, and dread the present government, and lest there be some great and secret enterprise among the Boman princes against the Eeligion, in order to drive it from the face of the earth. It is very difficult to ' dissuade' people to believe the contrary of this, when they see so little order established in matters of state here up to now; which makes them believe that the Spaniard has still many friends in these parts. The Prince of Orange is still ill with a cold, and more than appeared, with coughing. The doctors say it is nothing. It is to he feared that the evils would increase if his presence failed (s'il advenoit faulte de sa personne). There would be a great change here; his Highness would lose a faithful servant and the country a faithful friend; for his malady is the other {sic} and full of melancholy. God of His grace preserve him, and bring him to a good and lasting recovery, and a good union and concord among all Christian princes of the Religion, to fortify themselves betimeB agahiBt all the tricks and practices of the ecclesiastics, who are not at rest with their haderans \_qy. adherents] till they have effected their designs, from which God keep them, and hinder them from doing anything against His Church. Things are not going here as would be desirable.— Antwerp, 8 December 1582. P.S.—M. de Fervaoques is at Court, and Saint-Luc has withdrawn to France. Add. Endd. Fr. %pp. [Roll, and Fl. XVII. 73.] Dec. 9

500.

JOHN HOSBIS to WALSINGHAH

Since the receipt of your 'last letter of the [ ] Nov. there has fallen qut no great matter worth advertising; only the French army since their arrival have passed muster, being lodged at present not far from Bruges, some at Eccloo, some at * Maldegan'

i92

FOBEIGN PAPEES.

A.D.1582.

and the rest at • Ardembourge,' where it is purposed they shall •• remain for a while, till the Duke of Montpensier and Marshal Biron eome to this town to consult with the rest of the best means to bring the whole force on this side into the field. If the Prince of Parma, with his strength, comes into Flanders, our army will march straight into Brabant; but if he draws towards Diest, or, as it is thought, seeks to refresh his soldiers in the country of Liege, then will our forces be employed in taking ' Halowin/ Warneton, and Comtnines, small forts lying about Meenen, and so stop the daily incursions of the enemy into Flanders. It is said here the Bishop of Liege labours by all means to have the Bishop of Cologne removed, and to invest himself in his place,, being assisted therein by the other two bishops electors, and also by the King of Spain; who it is eaid will further him in*that . behalf by the best means he can. Whereof I doubt not but you are particularly advised from some other.—Antwerp, 9 December 1582. . Written hj Danett. XVII. 74.] Deo. 9

<

501.

Add.

Endd.

§ p. *

[Roll, and Fl.

AUDLII DANBTT to WALBINGHAM

I received yours of Nov. 9 and. 18 on Dec 3, and delivered the enclosed according to their directions; only Ymans I cannot hear of in this town as yet. He is said to be at Bruges, As soon as I can conveniently, I will convey his letter to him. Last week I received letters from Mr Stokes, in whose business I will be ready to afford my travail, although I .doubt my credit here will hardly procure the effect he expects. For the French army, you may perceive by Mr Nome's letter that the great heat to encounter the enemy is suddenly cooled. I think it was rather a practice to win some present pay from the States, than a purpose to be put in execution; but hgre one cunning deceives another, for the States were ready enough to promise. But as yet not one penny is advanced, so loath are they to forge their money. Likerke was taken by the enemy before the writing of my last letter of the 2nd inst. but the loss was dissembled here for a day or two with such cunning that when the matter was commonly bruited • through the town, then seemed his Highness first to begin to stand * jo doubt the place would not hold out long. Every loss gives the commons matter to be discontented with the French, and therefore they may not be much talked of, though they be true; not often remembered when once past. Since the execution of Alonso at Lierre, Ms head with one of his quarters being set up in an usual place without the town, were by some of his servants stolen from thenee, and were yesterday buried With some solemnity, due to one of his place, in Our Lady Church in this town.—Antwerp, 9 December 1582. Add. Endd. 1 p. IBM. XVII. 75.]

ELIZABETH.

493

A.I>, 1582.

Dec, 9

502.

THOMAS

Dcm^Y to WALSINGHAM

The French army has now ' entered far footing' into Flanders. They are most credibly esteemed to be but 7,000 foot and 800 horse ; although the French reckon above 1,100. Fervacques has been long at the Court, and other gentlemen irom Duke Montpensier. The enemy is afoot, retiring towards Oudenarde. Their camp is in great misery with famine and sicknegg. Alonzo was hanged by the feet and shot to death at Lierre ; from thence his head and arms, being stolen were very solemnly buried here at Antwerp. Mr Knollys continues very sick, extremely molested with melancholy, sleeping or waking ' sighthinge' very deeply. I have by purging well abated the ' store' thereof; so that, as I suppose him to be void of danger to life, BO can I not assure him speedy recovery-—Antwerp, 9 December 1582. Add. $p. Dec. 9

503.

{Ibid. XVII. 76.]

STOKES to WALSTNGHAM

This week I received yours -of the 19to ult. wherein you write me what order you have willed my brother to take for the procuring of my license for a large quantity of grain ; and true it is that he has written me of it, and that I should frame my suit for wheat and malt together, and also seek by some means to gef the Duke of Brabant's letters to her Mafesty for leave to bring it in to these Low Countries; and that you have written to Mr Andley Danett to proeure the duke's letters in my behalf. Your letter to Mr Danett my brother sent me long since, and on the 26th ult. I sent it to Mr Danett, and wrote him most friendly to show me the favour you had • • . he has When it eomes I will give you knowledge of it.—Bruges, 9 December 1582. Add. Enddl by L. Tvnison, 1 p. [Ibid, XVII. 77.] Dee. 9,^10

504.

STOKES to WAIISIN&HAH

In my last of the 2nd inst. I wrote you of all things passed here at that time; since then there have been very little speeches here, only the following. The great haste that was made by the French army to march to Ghent is suddenly stayed, upon the loss of Likerlta; so that it is now lodged in sundry villages between Slixys and Eeeloo, where it is said they will be till after Christmas. Tite speeeh also goes here that all the French garrisons that lie in this' town and elsewhere in Flanders of M. de Roehepot's regiment will depart after Christmas out of every place and join the IPreneh army; for it is said that Monsieur will employ them abottt that time against the enemy. •

494^

•

FOREIGN PAPEES.

'

A.D. 1582.

. Four days ago the whole regiment of the Swiss passed through this town in good order, by seven in a rank. About half of these were well armed with corselets and pikes, and all the rest ' unarmed,' with pikes and swords, HO that they are not so well appointed as at first was reported. The ' Prince Dolfin ' and Marshal de Biron, with the rest of the principal captains, lay iu this town four days, and were highly feasted by the magistrates. At their being here Marshal de Biron said to some of the magistrates that he eould not tarry long in this country, bat must return to France; for he said his coming was at the request of the Queen Mother, and now that he is here he desires that he may be set 'a-work.' It seems by some speeches that go abroad here that some French gentlemen who are come with this army have little good opinion of any good service that they will do here. What their meaning is by it I cannot learn; but such speeches they have used here to divers* Sinee the enemy took the castle of Likerke they have lodged themselves in sundry villages about Brussels in such sort that they have stopped all-the passages go that those of Brussels can hardly pass in or out; and. the speech is the enemy will remain there, and by good advice from their camp they are nothing afraid of the coming of the French army.—Bruges, 9 December 1582. P.S.—Kept till this morning, the 10th.—Yesterday morning, M. de Pie, colonel of the 5 ensigns of French that lie in this town, went out with 120 of the best soldiers in his regiment with three French captains, and Captain Bruce, captain of a cornet of Scotch horsemen that lie in garrison in this town, went with them with 25 horsemen, to surprise the castle of ' Englemynster,' half way between Cortrick and this town. This enterprise being known to the .enemy; those of Cortrick sent out one cornet of horse, of 80 lances, and an ensign of foot, and met them this morning and have overthrown them all; whieh was easily done, for when the Frenchmen saw them come, they all ran away, and many of them slain and taken, but the colonel and the captains are all escaped. The Frenchmen would have no other soldiers to go with them, because they would have all the honour of this enterprise to themselves; so this matter is greatly to their discredit. G-od send them to. do better service. Add. Dec, 10

505".

Endd. by L. Cave. 2 pp.

[Ibid. XVII. 78.]

The PRINCE CUP CHIMAT to WAISINGHAM

Having heard, by the letter which you wrote me on Aug. 24 in reply to niy previous one, the good offices which you did on my behalf with her Majesty, and that all had been agreeable to her, I waa very glad of it, and would not fail to thank you, as I do very affectionately. I pray you always to continue therein, assuring you that you will not find me an ungrateful lord as regards recognition of it on all occasions when you may reeiproeally "wish to employ m e A n t w e r p , 10 December 1582, (Signed) Charles de Croy.

Add. MnM.: "The Spa. Atnbr.' FT, \p, (ibid. XVII. 79.]

/

•

ELIZABETH.

"

495

A.». i582 Dee, 12

506.

The

PRINCE OP CHIMAY to the QTJEKN

Having some weeks ago withdrawn to this place, as well to make profession of the Keformed Eeiigion, to which it has pleased G-od to call me, as to assist and employ myself in the re-establishment of this our poor desolated country, I would not have failed, for the strait obligations by which I find myself bound to your Majesty, to transport myself over there, in all humility to kiss your hands, and assure you in person that there is no lord or gentleman in the world who has in more sincerity dedicated himself to your constant service. But owing to an infinity of urgent business which daily presents itself here, I have up till now been hindered from accomplishing my desire. This I beg you to believe, and to grant me notwithstanding some place in your good graces and honour me with your commands, which I will promptly accomplish.—Antwerp, 12 December 1582. (Signed) Charles de Croy. Add. End*. Fr. |j>, Dec. 12

507.

[Ibid. XVII. 80.]

COEHAM to WALSINGHAM

Last week the king employed his time almost altogether in dispatching the Swiss and feasting them. Towards the end of the week he spent two days in his ehureh ceremonies and devotions; so that on Sunday the 9th he, accompanied by the three queens, his mother, wife, and sister, went to Sainte-Chapelle, where after they had heard tb.eir mass, they passed thence to Notre Dame in a most solemn procession, made by all the orders of their Churchmen, with their crosses and relies; carrying on men's shoulders, in arks or silver coffins, the bones of Sts. Honore and G-enevieve with much pomp, a matter seldom used in such order ' as it was reformed.' Therefore some hold opinion the king has commanded this to be done to merit such grace of God that he might thereby obtain children; some imputed it to have been ordained for the joy they had of the league made with the Swiss, through which they esteem the force of Prance to be increased and assured. After their Majesties had passed the morning there in their Church traditions, they commanded I should have access to their • presence; when at my coming to the king the same afternoon I declared how M. de Mauvissiere had signified to the Queen that for the advancing of the marriage with his brother he would be content to do all such things as she could demand. Which great offer nevertheless fell out only to this particular, that he meant that when the marriage was consummated with Monsieur, if afterwards the Spanish king because of it should 'move war ' or attempt anything against her, then he would join his forces with hers for the better defence of her states, which "offer had already been delivered by Ms commissioners in England, as also oftentimes spoken by other his ministers. Of this negotiation of M. Mauvissiere's the Queen had advertised Monsieur, -waiting thereon to answer it, because this action most especially concerned him. Bui meantime she was sorry to understand that It had been 'delivered forth' in this Court that his Majesty for the better compassing

496 A.D.

" FOREIGN PAPERS. 1582. of the marriage had yielded to all such demands as were required by the Queen, so that thereby, if the marriage should now not ' take place, the dishonour of breaking it would in this sort be imputed to her. Yet nevertheless he had never satisfied the demand, which she had always made, which is that she desires to know of Mm in what order or by what means the charge of his brother's wars in the Low Countries should be defrayed, because she understood that neither Monsieur nor the Estates of the Low Countries, especially being lately more enfeebled, have sufficient power and ability to continue the war against King Philip. So that necessarily if she join in marriage with Monsieur the whole burden of the war must be sustained by her, which in her judgement she found to be ' overburdenous' and intolerable to her people. Wherefore she had commanded me to know of him in what sort the charges erf his brother's wars in Flanders might be defrayed; wherein being satisfied, she knew no cause why the marriage should not go forward. • , The king answered, that he esteemed this cause to be of such great moment, ' importing' his brother and consequently himself and his state, that he thought it convenient to take ' advisement,' and to consider thereon with Bis mother and others. Perceiving he stayed his speech herewithal, showing thereby, as it seemed to me, that he intended for the present to> give me no further resolution, I thought it good to move him to consider how this cause of the marriage was of such consequence that the Queen desired greatly to know his intent, the rather since the blame of the stay of the marriage had been imputed to her through reports, beseeching him that on1 the consideration hereof I might receive anBwer; which I the more earnestly importuned him for, because at other times when I had treated with him on the same affair I seldom received any resolution, though it seemed he said sometimes I should, which ' I took' carae to pass because he was pressed with many affairs. To this fee king replied, that perhaps it might be it fell out sometimes he had given me none, because he was ' impeached' through occasions, as likewise at times through other considerations I was answered, though not as the Queen would, yet in such sort as he thought good for himself, dealing warily by the example of her Majesty, for as she wag unwilling to have her subjects burdened, so he found it not good to have his people encumbered with wars. But now, since he had intended to go from hence for a few days, he would consider hereon and cause me to have answer the next day by Pinart. He wished me to repair to tlie Queen Mother, to . declare as much to her. „ Whereon I went to her, ' showing' her - that I was come to treat on the matter of the marriage, wherein she has always shown herself affectionately bent. With that'she began to make show of a cheerful countenance, confessing it was the . thing she most desired in this world might be accomplished, because the protracting of it had grieved her ' very entirely,' seeing there were many occasions presented which made her find how necessary it were for thisrealm,,and* convenient, ioi her. son to be married.

ELIZABETH. A.D.

1582.

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Therewithal I began to declare to her how M. de Mauviasiere , had made the Queen believe that the Mng would be content to give all the satisfaction he could for the advancement of the marriage ; howbeit he offered only an assurance from his Majesty that if the marriage took effect, and on the cause of it King Philip should invade any*of her territories, or make war against her, then the king would join his forces with hers against the Catholic king in defence of her states. But no further matter was propounded by M. Mauvissiere, and therefore it imported no farther meaning than heretofore had often been delivered from the Mng to her Majesty by his commissioners and ministers. "Wherefore thus much only being signified by their ambassador to the Queen, showed apparently that it was delivered for no other effect than to serve for a purpose whereby the treaty of marriage might.be for the present entertained, which eould nothing content the Queen; considering further how it is understood that both in this Court and elsewhere it had been bruited the king had offered and ' accorded t o ' all things her Majesty might demand for the effecting of the marriage, whereby, if that • were so, the dishonour o! breaking it off would light on her. Therefore she had now commanded me to deliver to the king the ' same Belf purpose' which she has always shown to be ( t h e impediment of the stay t h a t ' the marriage has not hitherto been accomplished; which is that she having ever perceived how ' Monsieur nor the Estates ' were of sufficient ability to sustain the charges of war, she requested it might please the king to let her know by what means the expenses of Monsieur's wars in Flanders were to be defrayed. This difficulty being cleared, she knew no cause why the marriage should not go forward. I besought her moreover to consider that seeing her son, whose little ability was best known to her, nor the Estates, had means to continue the war, the burden was like, after the marriage, to light altogether on her Majesty;' otherwise Monsieur would be constrained to give place to his enemy the Spanish king, to his great dishonour, and to the utter ruin of the Low Countries, which she could not endure nor abide. Monsieur being become her husband, but wotild be forced to relieve him and supply his wants herself, which she might not do without giving extreme discontent to' her subjects, as has often heretofore been declared. .So, since the Queen deals so clearly and resolutely with their Majesties, Itrugted she would be 'the means the king will b e ' contented to open his mind, how far he is disposed to deal in deeds for his brother, and prayed her likewise to have the Queen's honour in consideration, in such sort that if it may not stand to their liking to- go forward with, the marriage, yet that her Majesty's sincere dealing may so be understood that the blame of the breaking it off may not be imputed to her. .Further I trusted she would shew her princely and motherly affection towards Monsieur in helping forward the marriage, as also take care for the preservation of his honour in the enterprise he had undertaken against King Philip. To which the queen answered, she rejoiced that the negotiation of the marriage was come to this ripeness, and hoped the king would perform as much as he could, asMng me what h e had answered. I told her, nothing, but that he said he would confer 15077

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498

FOREIGN PAPEBS.

A.D.1582.

-with her and others, and cause me to receive his resolution the next day. Whereon she promised to deal effectually in this cause, desiring to see an end of it. On the 11th M. Pinart came to me from the king, declaring that Ms Majesty had commanded him to inform me that he had well conceived and understood what I had delivered to him, rehearsing in effect as before is written; whereon the king had -willed him to confer with me, that he might find whether his Majesty had remembered the full message which I had signified to him and bis mother, and moreover to demand of me if I would add anything further to what I had said, declaring that the king and his mother had been in some debate about my speeches, because she thought I had informed her that as the king had assured the Queen 'to join' his forces with hers against King Philip upon occasion of war offered to her after the marriage, so she thought [sic] I had said the Queen would unite her forces with the king's upon the tike occasion offered by the 0 atholic king. I answered M. Pinart that I had said nothing touching that last point, ' for the Queen my sovereign aiding the king, because-it was a matter we had never spoken of, to my knowledge, in the treaty of the marriage. As for the Christian king's abovesaid offer, it was a thing to be looked for at his hands though the marriage with his brother should not proceed, in remembrance of the princely friendships which King Henry VIII, of famous memory, father to her Majesty, used towards Ring Francis I, his grandfather in anno 1527, after he had been detained prisoner in Spain by the Emperor Charles V.; at which time King Henry senfe his ambassadors into Spain to treat with great offers for the deliverance of King Francis' sons, which not taking place, he by his herald' Glarentius' j ointly with the French herald Guion' pronounced wars ' unto the Emperor Charles. The like dealing is to be expected of the king for the ' avoiding' of the Catholic king's rising greatness, being his only (scompetitor.' Therefore in this offer there is no singular kindness shown towards his brother, nor any especial desire to advance the marriage. Wherewith M. Pinart seemed to be somewhat moved and told me how he had said when he was in England, to the lords, that he found them nothing warmly bent to the marriage, nor yet could he obtain direct answer from her Majesty that she would promise to marry Monsieur, but receiving-dilatory answers, as referring the matter to the consideration of Parliament, and to further consultations, with which he returned. I requested he would deliver me a note in writing of what their Majesties had caused him to signify to me of BO much as they had conceived on my speeches, whereby it might appear I had dealt sincerely and clearly with them for the taking away of the difficulty which remained as the only ' impeachment' through which the marriage was not ' effectued.' He said he could not deliver me any such note written, without the Mag's express command; which I said I desired because it had been signified from hence that in delivering the negotiations of the marriage, I had spoken so coldly or in such manner that I was not well conceived. He said that the king and his mother had so well understood my zeal and inclination to the marriage that I

ELIZABETH.

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A.D. 1582.

was the more acceptable to them; promising that at the king's return, he would procure hia resolution touching what I had propounded.—Paris, 12 December 1582. Endd. 51 pp. [France VIII. 116.] Dec. 12

508.

WALSIN&HAJH to COBHAM

La Mothe requesting that you might be directed to report also to the ting of the details of his negotiation here, the Queen hag thereupon willed me to acquaint you with the whole proceeding therein. It consists chiefly ' upon ' these three points. First, to have leave to pass into Scotland; secondly, to maintain the king's last answer to the difficulties objected by her Majesty in the matter of marriage; and lastly, to desire some order to be taken for redress in matters of depredation. For the first point, which concerns hia repair into Scotland, her Majesty has made answer that when she considered the request itself, to send to wait a prince confederate, the prince that makes it, her special friend, his intent also, of sending to appease the troubles of that realm, and the good choice he has made of the messenger, being one that has ever shown himself well affected to do good offices between the two Crowns, she did not see how in reason she might deny it. But on the other side, weighing the time and the present state of things in Scotland, it manifestly appeared to her that his repair thither could not, instead of compounding and quieting the troubles lately happened there (which, thank Q-od were now well appeased) but be a cause of the reviving of new troubles. On this she grounded her judgement upon the following reasons and circumstances : first, that d'Aubigny gave out that he was promised support from France, and that one would he sent from the king to give him and his party assurance of this; for further confirmation of which matter they had been given to understand that a French gentleman was embarked at a port of Holland, to repair to the duke in Scotland, with letters addressed to him from the king, the Dukes of Guise and Joyeuse, and others, which gentleman, understanding that the duke had embarked, had 'presently' returned with his dispatches into France; and that a letter of the Scottish queen's had come to her Majesty's hands—which she showed la Mothe apart—containing the particulars of the assistance they looked for from France, required by former letters to ' Glasgow.' Upon these grounds she judged it to be very likely that the noblemen who are enemies of the duke, and others of their party, being jealous of the arriving thither either of la Mothe or any other sent from the king, there could not but presently upon his arrival some dangerous alteration follow in that state; which if it should so fall out, as undoubtedly were likely, the king himself might consider that his intent of sending should then he accompanied by contrary effects. She desired him to weigh with' himself how greatly it imported her to have that realm continued in peace and quietness, for that no fire can there be kindled, but the flame of it must of necessity reach hither into this realm, being so near a neighbour as it is. She prayed the king not to interpret the deferring of giving leave to his minister to pass into th.at

500 A.D.1582.

FOBBIGN PAPEES. '

realm, as adenial of hia request; being meant but as a stay for a time, till she had made him acquainted with these reasons that moved her to judge that his going thither might better be spared than stood upon. Yet notwithstanding all this, perceiving by his instant persuasion a that the king earnestly desires she would suffer him to pas a, rather than that he should think she is either unwilling to gratify him, or that she conceives any jealousy or distrust of his sound, honourable and friendly meaning towards her in thia action, she is well content to yield to his request, though ahe ' apparently' seea that some notable inconvenience cannot but follow for the reasons abovementioned. For the second point, touching the matter of marriage, he did . but confirm and maintain to her the king's promise heretofore delivered to her in writing by the ambassador ligier (a slight kind of warranty expressed in this word, that "the king's intention is ") of which I send you herewith a copy, containing only that she or her subjects should not bear any part of the charges of the war in the Low Countries, and that in case any invasion or act of hostility Bhould be attempted against her by the King of Spain, by reason of the marriage, he would then join his forces with hers for her better defence.; whereto she replied as heretofore she has done, that this would not satisfy her, unless she might alao understand by whom the charges would be supplied, having to make head against so potent a prince, in ease Monsieur and the States should not be able to hold out, as it was very likely they would not, their present state being duly considered. Otherwise she did not see but that either Monsieur would be dishonoured in the action, or else she herself as_ interested in his fortune, if the marriage took place, must relieve him in his want out of her own purse, which she has ever signified to the king she cannot do without the ' grudge ' and offence of her subjects. It was answered by la Mothe that the king could neither in conscience nor policy bind himself in that absolute manner to take part with his brother against the King of Spain. In conscience, by reason of the leagues between them, which they were mutually sworn inviolably to observe ; and in policy, since he would thereby make the King of Spain his open and professed enemy, and so draw the war upon himself. Nevertheless he would not forget to perform towards Monsieur the part of a natural and loving brother, by assisting him under hand in the best sort he could, to make him the better able to maintain himself in the action. Hereupon, it was thought meet by the lords appointed to confer with him, as a thing proceeding from' themselves, without her Majesty's direction, to enter into conference with la Mothe and the ambassador resident for the setting down of a qualification of the article in this point (whereof I send you herewith a copy), by which that scruple should be removed from the king to his satisfaction, and yet so much should be performed, in effect as_ her Majesty for her part desires for her assurance in this behalf. But this manner of proceeding by way of this qualification f?h& did not like to yield to, finding it dishonourable

ELIZABETH.

501

A.D. 1582.

for her, her sex especially considered, that she or her ministers should go about to devise the means of bringing this point to aome facility, whereby she might seem of herself to seek the marriage ' upon' Monsieur; foreseeing also that if the said article by the king's ministers here qualified, containing in substance as much as by her was desired, should afterwards by him not be allowed of, they having no authority to treat or conclude it, it would be reputed by the world greatly to her dishonour a refusal on the king's behalf; adding further that treaties set down in general terms were subject to' cavillatious. And therefore concluded that the king knowing his . own state best, and whether he might in conscience and policy remove the difficulty and yield her satisfaction in that behalf, she thought meet to refer it to his consideration to take such resolution therein as he should think good. For the last point, tottehing matters of depredations, he has received* his answer hi writing, of which by the next you shall have a copy. Thus having acquainted you with la Mothe's whole proceeding in the cause committed to his charge, that you may aeeording to her Majesty's pleasure impart them to the king and his mother, I commit you, etc. P.S.—Upon her Majesty's refusal to allow of the qualification of the article, it was demanded of her by la Mothe what she would do in case this king yielded to that wherein she desired to be satisfied ; whereto answer was made by her that when she received knowledge of it she would advise upon the matter. You are to frame your speech to the king and Queen Mother in like terms. Draft, with frequent corrections in WaUingham's hand. Bndd. tvith date. &tpp. [France VIII. 117.] Bee. 18

509..

"WALSINGHAM to GOBHAM

Whereas Queen Mother has by la Mothe written both to her Majesty and to divers of my lords here, requesting to have twelve of her Majesty's ships either lent, let out to hire, or sold to her with their furniture of ordnance, tackling and other like necessaries, but not furnished with men, to be employed in her quarrel for the title she pretends to the Crown of Portugal, eh© has in this sort condescended thereto, that the said queen shall nave, upon caution, four of her own shipa, and eight others of the best of her subjeets5, her own to be furnished with English captains, soldiers and mariners. The whole English' fleet to be commanded by an English admiral, under the charge and direction notwithstanding of the Freneh general. And this she grants upon condition that the king shall hind himself by sufficient promise to Her, that^ in • caBe the King of Spain picks any quarrel' unto' her for lending out these ships to his mother, he shall join "with her in assistance against the said king; and that ' the English ships, nor any_ of them,' shall be employed upon any place of the King of Spain's dominions of which he is possessed as King of Castile. The soldiers, captains and mariners hor Majesty's subjects to be sworn

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1582. to the Queen Mother only in this service ; their flags, ensigns and streamers to be of her colours and bear her arms only. This matter they desire should be kept secret, and therefore we give it out here that it is not yielded to.—Windsor, 13 December P.S.—It was ' showed' herein withal to la Mothe that if Queen Mother would have this cause to proceed, it were fit that some man of experience in these sea-causes should be sent hither to join with the ambassador in treating thereof. Draft. Endd. 1 p.

Dec. 14

510.

[France VIII. 118.]

WALSINGHAH ,to COBHAM

After making up my dispatch, I received yours sent by Mr Barrington; with the contents whereof having made her Majesty acquainted, her pleasure is you shall deliver for answer to the gentleman from, whom you received the cipher and letter directed to her, containing a request that yon should ' allow of' the articles he was to propound to you, that ehe finds his demands very strange and extraordinary, such as are not propounded to princes, and as seldom by them yielded to, to give authority to their ministers to condescend in their names to things wherewith they have not first been made acquainted. "Wherefore she wishes that if according to the profession he makes of devotion and service towards her, he have any matter to deliver to her by you, which may be for her advantage and the furtherance of her service, he should open himself frankly and confidently to her by you; remembering that in dealing with princes, men must not seek to capitulate first with them and to stand upon terms and conditions as merchants do among themselves in the passing of their ordinary bargains. For if the matter he has to deliver concerns the increase of her profits or revenues he must think that, accepting of it, she will have that honourable and princely consideration to recompense him for it, that may be to his content and satisfaction. If it concern the benefit of her service otherwise, he can of himself consider that she for her own behoof will use the matter with that judgement and seereay that appertains; assuring him withal that ii the service he shall do be such as may deserve thanks, he may hope of so bountiful and liberal a prince as her Majesty that she will not leave it unrewarded, in such sort that he shall find his travail therein well-bestowed. Upon the delivery of which speech, if you find him inclined to write to her Majesty, you shall encourage him thereto and promise speedy sending of his letter. And whereas you write that the king has of late established a new Council, to introduce a kind of Inquisition that shall put in execution the decrees of the Council of Trent, we marvel not a little here that at this time especially, when the king should seek to frame all things to a quiet and peaceable course, and to remove all occasions that may breed any diffidence or jealousy of his intent and proceedings in those of the Eeligion as well in France as in the Low Countries, whereby Ms brother may be the better enabled to go forward with his enterprise, being strengthened therein by

ELIZABETH. A.D.

1582. the party of those of the Beligion, he should now go about to attempt a matter likely to breed so great discontent and suspicion against him and his brother and the subjects of both countries, especially in those provinces of the Low Countries that have embraced, the Gospel, as -will make them have very small ' affiance ' in Monsieur's sincere meaning towards them, whereby he will in short time find little ' comfort' to continue among them. And hereupon we note the more how earnestly the Mng presses her Majesty to suffer his ministers to pass into Scotland, to the encouragement of the ill-affected there that follow the Spanish partj, whereby may ensue some general breach and dangerous war between these two countries. -Wherefore it is thought expedient you should look substantially into this and seek to discover the ' mistery' thereof as you may in your own discretion consider the importance of it requires. We hereupon fall into consideration that one of the King of Spain's two sons being lately deceased, and the other but weak and sickly, one of the daughters who by this means will now ' be great marriages/ may perhaps be used as a good means to stop the present course in the Low Countries. Over leaf. And whereas la Mothe has promised us that he would not but in the presence of our minister enter into conference with any nobleman or other person of quality in that realm touching the state and government of it, we think meet you should put him in mind of his promise and charge him with its performance. Lastly our pleasure is that you shall deliver in our name such further matter to the king or any other person of quality about him as by our servant Bowes shall upon conference had between yourselves be thought meet that you deliver to them for the furtherance of our service. Draft. The last two paragraphs appear to refer to the mission of Randolph and Bowes some months later. (Qy. part of Walsingham's instructions in the following August.) 2§ + Jj>2?. [France VIII. 119. j

Dec. 15

511-

PEDKO HE ZVBIAVTL to WALSINGHAM

As there is no other gentleman but yourself to whom I can have recourse I wish to relate my fortune. For about a month I have been in prison because they do not wish to obey the licenses {sic} or orders of the judges and officers. The Lord Chancellor ordered that they should bring me into Court, and so four sergeants and the secondary take me; one was enough. They keep me here in Coldbath (l Golbwque). Peeock (? pecoque) demanded of me £2,200, now asks .£1,000 ; he does not ask a just thing, . - but a false, alike the first demand and the second, I beg to speak to the Lord Chancellor, and that he deliver me from this captivity, and make them keep me my licenses, and let three sergeants go baek; one is enough here, I do not want io absent myself. They have intimidated (?) the sheriff (h visenor conde: qy» lo senor visconde) of London, not to send to set me free; and Thomas Wilford they have treated him very badly, who did not do badly

504 A.D. 1582.

Dec. 15

FOREIGN

PAPEES.

I

' what you ordered him. I am grieved that through my . so many troubles and controversies have 'come about.—In Coldbath, 15 December 1582. P.S.—John Borne went to the Lord Chancellor to persuade him not to set me free, although you wrote to him. Add. (to Windsor). Endd.: From P. Cebure. Spanish. 1 p. [Spain 1.109.] 512.

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EOGBB WILUAMS to WALSINGHAM

Since I knew the wars, I never saw the like misery amongst soldiers, nor do I see any redress like to be. Now I think the general does favour me as he has done heretofore, according to my promise to you, I have reconciled (?) myself to him and will maintain it without dissimulation. I see such dealings toward us that for my part.I would fain quit • all, if I knew any means to live. If it do not mend shortly, rather than I will follow further, I.will carry a 'harquebuiser' in Ireland or some other place. Here are so many brave ministers that take his Highness by the cloak every hour for crowns that I and such other poor men despair to see the colour of his crowns, being sure to receive part of the knocks, afterwards to have neither honour nor profit. I think ' you nor no man else ' will condemn a man ^ 'toquit'aueh service. When I come to'your speech,'I will tell many' passages' •which. I dare not write. They say there is like to be great stir in Germany. If you will look onee at my letter written from ' Weysell' [qy. Wesel], some of it is fallen out, and more like to be shortly. I heard Count Charles Mansfeld and ' Houtpen' with 500 horse and some focrt are marched towards Cologne. The enemy liea ' ranged largely' by Hal, Ninove, Oudenarde and Gasbeck. They say there are come to ' Engyne ' \_qy. Enghien] certain battering-pieces. Belike they mean to attack Brussels or Yilvorde. They say they mean to supply these with as many Italian's and Spaniards as they can, and to put in those places ' the most part Allmen,' I mean in Italy. Duke Montpensier and Marshal de Biron are looked for here tomorrow. M. de Laval and divers others arrived yesternight. I perceive by some of them they are liker to return than to tarry. The most part find great fault with their ' treatment,' ' shreyng'

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"Morbtie [sic] nous volons points [sic] paliser pmuf hiy [sicj (pie

soite." If we were able to endure it, I think the Netherlander would bid us better welcome than ' never'; but I fear me when they have paid half so much for Monsieurs as they did for Senors they will not be worth the serving. They say the eaatle where. Count Eochepot was hurt is sold to the etteiay by those he left in it.—Antwerp, 15 December 1582. AM. Mndd. 2|i>p. [Holl and Fl. XVII. 81.J

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ELIZABETH. A.D. 1582. Dec. ~

-513.

'

505

PIETBO BIZARRI to WALSINGBAM

The Prince of Orange, though for a month he has not been out of Ma palace owing to certain indispositions, nevertheless has often, when he felt better, left hia chamber and supped in the company of Count Schwarzburg and Ms sister. Among other ailments he has been not a little troubled with a cough. But now, thank God, he is mending every day. The gate oi his palace at dinner-time and towards evening is kept continually locked and well guarded, contrary to past usage, owing to recent accidents. Many French personages are expected here every day from Flanders. I send you the enclosed, and wish you a happy New Tear.— Antwerp, 15 December on which day, unlike what has been usual in times past, is being celebrated here the birthday of our only Saviour and Mediator. F.S.—The mother of 'Carlo Franco,' a young man of Antwerp, who is now in your service, begs me'to send you her humble respects, and thank you for the kindnesses and courtesies which you show her sonj and for which she recognises her great obligation. Appended (recently) to the above. Copy of the Latin inscription

affixed to St. George's Gate at Antwerp in honour of the Duke of Anjou. ' Many beautiful verses were' made in honour of hia Highness, and placed on the triumphal arches.' Ital. Dec. 16

514.

1£ + I pp.

[Holl. and Ft. XVII. 98.]

AuDLEY DiNETT tO

The French army abides still in Flanders without anything done by them since their arrival. M. Laval, the Counts of Kochefoueault and Saint-Aignan, with some other gentlemen, are come to the Court, but the Duke Montpensier and Marshal Biron have not yet been here, but are daily looked for. There is some secret cause of their stay,- which is not yet known. Some say Biron and Fervacques may not well' keep' together, car I'ung dit qu'U est blanc, I' autre qu'U

est noir. By all circumstances it woufd appear there are great jealousies among them, and great emulation who. shall have the greatest credit with bis Highness. Fervaeques is greatly made of, and at present does all. Upon his arrival, Chevalier Breton and some others ' presently ' departed the Court and are returned to France. So did Baint-Lue a little before, upon aome words between Groville and him, touching Fervacques's coming. There is some whispering here that Biron has some, secret instructions from Queen Mother, not yet known to Monsieur, Meantime divers of the gentlemen find themselves greatly ' grieved' with him, saying, qtfen sa eolere il dit tottt plein des injures a tovi le monde ,• for which cause, or rather *findingnot here' as in France, many of them demand leave to return home. Monsieur wiiih very good judgement accommodates himself to content them all, desirous to retain them here, and to . keep them in good terms one with another j for which respects, and to avoid all matter of contention and quarrel he has caused this

506

FOREIGN PAPEKS.

A.D. 1582.

. proclamation which I send enclosed, to be published with sound of trumpet both in his palace and in the town. There is no more talk of giving battle to the enemy, but ' rather thought,' upon the arrival of the great personages at the Court, some order will be taken to bestow these forces in some place convenient, until the spring. The enemy, upon the bruit of the French forces arrived, withdrew from all action; but it is thought being once thoroughly informed of their just numbers and strengths he will attempt somewhat ere long, and by common conjecture most likely Brussels or Alost, having already taken moat of the castles and strong places about those towns. The Prince still keeps his house, and with the rheum and cold he has taken, looks very ill. The duke visits him often, and sometimes holds consultation there. Among the rest I would not omit to advertise you that of late many of the chief of the English mutineers who last summer revolted to the enemy, have been taken and executed at Brussels and other places. At Ghent three or four are just lately apprehended, and 'namely' one Venieome, a chief seducer and leader of the rest. One Norreys, who was indeed the captain, and had the leading of a company at their going and being with the enemy, embarking at Calais for England was by tempest driven to Flushing, and there stayed by some Englishmen that knew him. Being sent for hither, it is advertised that he is suddenly dead ; otherwise the secret authors and praetisera of that mutiny had been easily discovered.—Antwerp, 16 Dec. 1582. Add. Endd. by Walsingham. 1J pp.

T)P0

*5

515.

[Roll, and Fl. XVII. 82.]

HiSINO DHL BfiiNB to WALSINGEAM

1 have received the letter you wrote me, to which I know not what to answer. We are doing here many things which we could very well dispense with, as perhaps we shall have to do; but I can only in my opinion speak with great sincerity, after having, with what little judgement I have, mitigated them with reason, and what ought to be done—things all contrary to what is going to be done today—by anyone who would hit the mark, for it seems, with all respect be it said, that on every side everything is being done contrary to well, and so as best to suit the King of Spain's affairs, so that he could wish for no more. •

As. for what you aay, that the king is after introducing the inguisKaon into this kingdom, I have heard no talk of this; and 3S regards the^ Council of Trent I quite understand that they intend to reform the life and customs of the priests according to one of ita decrees, without m any way touching the edict of pacification. ' ? ™ e m too'1&t ih b e s a i d stoker sufferance, it seems to me that ins Majesty has not been very well advised, and that he ought not to, nor can, approve anything done by that Couneil, against which his ambassadors with all solemnity protested as null, and departed

, :

507 A.D. 15*82. . . from it. Would to God that as I have known and know thaifthis and the Scottish journey can serve to no utility or convenience but that of the Xing of Spain, I might have remedied it. Of this you may be sure that I spoke my opinion freely, and got such reply that I recognised in it {congnutola ho) the humour of which we are compounded here. I hope that with God's favour neither from one thing nor the other will any harm come, save that with these ways of going on, we augment more and more the distrust there is between you and us ; which is already too much, and I consider it with the greatest grief and displeasure, and am all the more afflicted, that I consider that if it were possible to find a means of uniting these two Crowns, the ruin of the King of Spain would infallibly follow; but it has not so pleased G-od. I pray Him to have pity on those poor Low Countries, whoae calamity I deplore as ii I saw them already ruined and.lost. The wherefore I leave you to think, for you should know it better than I . I t is very true that Fervacques on his arrival will be able to put some good order there. I t is understood here that he has already begun to do so. I was on the point of setting out, but hearing how things were being managed in those parts, I resolved to rest myself both mind and body.—Paris, 26 December 1582. Add. Dec. 18

...'..

^

18 28

516.

Endd.

• ELIZABETH.

Ital,

Z% pp.

[France VIII.

120.]

STOKES to WALBINGHAJI

This afternoon a trumpeter of Tournay came to this town about certain prisoners that lie there. He brings news that the Prince of Parma departs for Italy and has taken hia leave at Tournay; and he says the speech at Tournay is that a Spaniard shall be governor, and some say an Italian. If it be a Spaniard, it seems he will not be so welcome among them as an Italian. And the report goes that the Prince of Parma's departure is so sudden that it seems very strange to all on that side. The speech goes he durst not make his departing known, fearing the soldiers would have made some stay of him for their pay; which he has so often promised to pay them, and never performed it. Therefore it is greatly feared by that side; the want of pay to their soldiers will turn them to some new displeasure ere long. All this speech is come this afternoon in a secret letter from Tournay.—Bruges, 18 December 1582. Add.

Endd. lp.

[HbH. and Fl. XVII. 83-]

517.

COBHA5C tO WALSIHGHAM

The king returni ig on the 14th inat. kept the next day the Feast of the Birth of our Lord, according to their new computations. So it was yesterday before M. Pinart came to me; of whom I * received' that the king had considered the negotiations which I delivered to. their Majesties in my last audience,concerning the defraying of the charges of Monsieur's wars in the" Low Countries as the only impediment which impeached [sic] the effecting of the marriage. He was now to declare to me how the king had resolved to make this answer: that he thought it sufficient for him to perform, in defraying the charges of those wars, so much for irk brother as the

• FOREIGN PAPERS. A.D. 1582.

: . Queen my sovereign should do, beeause it seemed to him he could . . not be nearer to Ms brother than she, when she should be united with Mm in one body by the knot of marriage. Whereupon he concluded with himself that it would be enough for bis part to assist his brother in those affairs so far forth as the Queen; therefore ; ' ••" '. . ' further than so he would not deal. Thus, much the king had :• ; ' T • commanded bim to write likewise to M. Mauvissiere to be declared to her Majesty as his determination. .•-..-.

, M, Pinart 'enlarged ' moreover to me how they looked daily for the return of M. de Eamborallet, who was dispatched by the king some weeks past to Monsieur, to be informed of his disposition concerning his marriage and such other like matters of importance.— • •,• .Paris, 18 December 1582. •;•.; •, , -: Add. and cndt. gone, and a wrong Uyleaj attached. f p.

•

- - .

'

Dec-9

O

' 5 1 8 . - CoBHAH to WALSINGHAM

Their Majesties have not passed these Christmas holidays with any show of cheerfulness, neither was there seen any dancing or pleasantness as at other times. It is understood that Don Antonio has m these days past had secret conference with the Queen Mother, first at Saint-Maur, being brought thither by the Abate di (juadagno, 'pretending' as I hear to pass into Flanders, and ;. . • ^ paying for that purpose appointed his ship to attend on him about . . . . the, coast of Boulogne. And Captain 'Eacalin' is said to be returned . to Doiona with the prize of two rich Spanish ships which came :' • - " from the Indies. .

The Duke of Lorraine is looked to for here at the beginning 6 of next month. The ambassadors of the Swiss departed on the 12th I send then- names in a note enclosed herewith, together with the king's oration made to them at the confirmation of the new league. '^ e J>nke of Florence's secretary seeks by all means to recover their Majesties good opinion towards his duke, having given them to understand that the Duke had favoured the Queen Mother's process which has been lately judged in Borne, against 'the old Madame de Parma 1 for the yearly revenue of 8,000 crowns which were tta possessions of Duke Alexander di Medici, the Queen Mother's brother. This process has been one of the principal causes of the unkindness between the Duke of Florence and the queen.

'

,

They give out m Court that d'ipernon thinking it not good to stay so many years for the queen's sister, she being yet but a child • of eight yearg, seems io resolve to seek to match with Mme de landemont, mother-in-law [ric] to the young queen, and sister to . the Duke of Aumale; whereby he wijl give satisfaction to the lung, aad incorporate himself m the allianee with the House of Guise, -establishing throagh that his estate.

ELIZABETH. A.D.

5.09

1582. The Princess of Lorraine is sick of an ague, and the Duchess of Joyeuae after she had heen dangerously diseased lately the measles have appeared [sic]. Whereon a sure hope is now conceived qf her amendment. They have bruited in Court that the Prince of Orange, these days past, has heen very ' evil indisposed' of his health. I have been informed that the Bonvisia of Lyons have orders from Spain to send 150,000 crowns to the Prince of Parma, which is to pass by the hands of the 'Masseys' (?), Lucohese bankers in this town, who have already paid part of it to certain Flemish merchants, and to a ' Captain Bollonese.' It is signified to me that the king intends to make six knights of his , order of Saint-Esprit; the Dukes of Maine, Joyeux, and Epernon, Lavalette, governor of Saluces, Mandelot, governor of Lyoris, and another whose name I have not yet learned. The steward to the Spanish, agent returned the 12th inat. from Spain in great diligence, bringing confirmation of the Prince of Spain's death, and that likewise his younger brother was somewhat sickly. There are letters from Lisbon dated _ Nov. 30 in which it is specified how a little vessel had arrived which had fled from the . T er ceras, wherein cert ain friars and priests were transported, by whom the king was advertised of Don Antonio's departure towards France. They declared further to King Philip that the most part of the people of the Terceras showed themselves weary of the Frenchmen's insolence, and that Don Antonio had left only 600 French there, and how there was little current money paid other than certain pieces of brass, the island being poorly provided with munition and victuals. As likewise that those of the Terceras began to have intelligence with them of St. Michael's. They write from Lisbon that the Catholic king had sent from thence 500 Portuguese and .Spanish soldiers with captains and munition to the Madeiras. The 'voice' continued in Lisbon that if King Philip did not marry the Rein-6 Blanche of Franee, he meant to take for his wife the eldest daughter of the Duke of Braganza, which was to be concluded and declared upon the return of the Baron d'Aspre, a German sent from the Empress to the Emperor and her daughter the abovesaid queen. The king intended to leave Lisbon after New Year's Day, towards Madrid. Moreover it iB certified that he had agreed with the Milanese bankers for 800,000 crowns to be .delivered in January at Cologne for the use of the wars in Flanders. Letters are come from Borne of this month, in great diligence, showing that the Pope according to expectation had not before the beginning of this Christmas inade election of new cardinals, but promised to do it this next quaiuor tempera. It is written that in Florence above 50 persons have been apprehended by the Inquisition, being all gentlemen., some of Florence, and of * Pissaoi and Tarrantini'

510

.

A.».

1582.

FOREIGN PAPERS. . The Archduke Charles has commanded all those of the Religion to depart out of his territories, or else to acknowledge the Pope to be supreme head, and follow his ceremonies; which it is thought he has done, encouraged by the league he has entered into with the Pope and the Venetians. Enclosed are advertisements from sundry parts. — Paris, 19 December 1582. ', . . HPP-

[France VIII. 122.]

Enclosed in the above:— 519. "Names of the ambassadors sent from the cantons of the ' Swishes' to treat of the confederation and league to be concluded with the French King." From Lucerne, Seigneur Jean Ludoviens Pfiffer, knight, iohevin, and guidvn of the army. From Uri, Seigneur Jean Zuni Brunnen, an old eckevhi, and Peter Gischlar, Ensign-bearer and councillor. From Sehwyz, Balthazar Kyel and Bndolf Trubbach. From TJnterwalden, Melchior of Flu, knight, with Melchior Lussy, also knight and Hahevin under the Kermpttlet (?). Prom Zug, G&apar Meyenberger, governor. From Glarus, Fridh Sehuller, captain and councillor. From Basle, Marx Ruaainger, councillor. From Fribourg, Mohsr. Ulrieh of ' Englispar,' councillor. From Solothurn, J. Jeronimas of Koll, councilor. From SeliaffharUseD, Seigneur Jean Oonrard Meyer, oouacillor. Fram Appenzell, Joachim Meggeli, 4ckemn, ' From the Abbot of St. Gall. Balthazar Tsehudi, governor of' liecbteastag.' Prom the town of St. Gall, Leuehardt Hallinkhoffer, steward. From Obern GraWem Bund, S1 Gagtelberger, judge. From Gotteshaus Bund, Mooer. de Planta. From the ' Ten Justices,' Captain Florin, dckevin. From the Province of the Vallais, Captain Jehon in Albon "l T , , . Captain Antouy Maynnthar [gy. Maynhart] / o l d o a P ( i a l n s M. George uf der Fin, lieutenant at ' Sieton' [Sitten]. From Mulhausen, Peter Hiegler, Aldermao. , From Biel, Criatoffiel Wyrmbaeh, Mayor.

Endd. at Paris, l p . 19

520.

[Ibid. VIII, 122».]

GOBHMI to

29

I

' I think it convenient to let you know that M. Piuart at his first • accessJ» me, on the 11th, as at bis last being with me on the 16th, both times wished her Majesty had some niece to be married to Monsieur, enquiring if the Earls of Huntingdon, Hertford, Derby, or Lenos had any daughter -whom the Queen might give in marriage to his Highness, 'pretending' to understand that the meaning was not to suffer the Scottish king to become successor to the Crown. And in his last conference he ' uttered' to me how since the time the king perceived that the treaty of marriage was 'trained on' with allegations of difficulties, he had not so entirely affected it, but only wished it might happen to his brother's contentment.

j 1 i i \ , i! A

ELIZABETH. A.D.

5U

1582. I trust' I shall not give cause of offence in delivering truly what is spoken to me by the mouth of a person who ia secretary to this king, and to -whom the humour and inclination of his prince is so" well known; so that upon the just consideration thereof, I have confidence my sovereign will be pleased I shall in this sort discharge my loyal duty, from which I cannot depart or leave it unsatisfied for any respect of my own, or doubt of hinderance. Therefore I desire this much may be, if you think good, ' informed to' her Majesty ; of which speeches of M. Pinart'a she can best judge, and apply the knowledge to do her service. Moreover on further debating of causes, and rehearsal-of the robberies which were committed by sea on her Majesty's subjects, this chanced to escape in speech from M. Pin art: that they did not mean to speak pi the injuries ' were" done them daily, because for the present they found themselves too weak; alleging moreover, how when he propounded in England to have some general order taken in England for the avoiding of piracy hereafter, it was answered him, that the conclusion of the marriage would bring with it the remedy for all those and suchlike disorders. Whereby it may be conjectured M. Pin art did not return well-edified and satisfied, and how he has informed the king may be doubted. Count ' Mouatreal' renews the Duke of Savoy's suit to the Princees of Lorraine, and seeks the king's favour for the appeasing of the Bernese, by whom he is braved and put in fear. The ambassador of Venice had audience the same day I was with their Majesties, when he delivered to the king letters from the Signiors, in which they desire to renew the league they have long had with this Crown. The king ' pretends ' to recall M. de Germigny from Constanti. nople, and send another in his place. There is named for that legation M. de Sancy, late returned ambassador from the Swiss, and brother of the new president, H. de Harlay. I have been informed that the Governor of the Jesuits has last week given to Mr Copley .400 crowns towards his maintenance; and he has as I hear delivered to Lady Moiiey both letters and money to be conveyed iuto England. . Understanding that there has, come to her Majesty an ambassador sent from the Muscovite, and a gentleman of the King of Pola&d, I have thought it good to let you know that there is in nrp hands the full advertisement of those things which Antonio Possevino the Jesuit negotiated with the King of Poland and the_ Muscovite, being sent this year by the Pope in embassy to those princes. This advertisement I am ready to send when your pleasure shall be to have «, if it may profit. I hear that their Majesties seem not to be well contented with Don Antonio's return from the Terceras. Alerde pretends that he can discover the ' intentions intended' against her Majesty.

512

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D. 1582.

' Mahoganan' requires to understand what he may trust to. Lastly, I recommend to your devotion the "writer's suit and estate, being, I assure you, more than weary to linger in this beggarly estate. I am driven to importune her Majesty and you to be my mediator, so much as God knows whether the reward may con . . . the grief. Your last letters ha Ye put me in some hope.—Paris, 19 Dec. 1582. Add. Endd. 3 pp. .p.

20

Dec. —

521.

[Ibid. VIII. 123.]

BERNARDINO BE MENDOZA to WALSINGHAM

I must trouble you once more about the injury of extortion done to one of the subjects of the king ray master, which fell out in this wise. A Spanish merchant coming from El Cabo Bianco met with two French sea-rovers (cscumeurs). His ship was entered and carried off by force with all the goods. It has been brought into 1 Falmouth, where it still is. - JSiow since I should wish that the wrong be, as according to reason, repaired, I beg your help to that end; beseeching you to have all the plunder sequestrated, and order taken for everything in equity and justice. Which I hope you will do cordially, without my putting more pressure on you.— London, this last but one of December according to the reformation of the calendar, 1582. • Add. Endd. Fr. 1 p. [Spain I. 109.] ^

522.

MASINO DEL BENE to WALSINGHAM

I replied to your letter by way of the ambassador, and told him that I could only ' conduct' my own opinion with great sincerity and base my discourses on reason, grounding my arguments on what ought to have been done and not on what is done; as I again reply to you. I told him further that I in no way marvel nor find it strange that our actions are suspicious to you; rather I confess that if we deliberately wished to render our actions suspicious to you, we eould not do better than we are doing, not contenting ourselves with sending to Scotland, where I do not think we have much business, M. de la Mothe by way of England, but we send off at the same time another by sea, as if the business was of such importance that fearing lest la Mothe should not be allowed to pass, and as if it was necessary that by all means someone should pass ; in such wise that, as I have just said, I cannot deny that you have a thousand reasons to suspect our goings-on, considering the, aforesaid diligence which we have used to send a man into Scotland, and the quality of the persons, and especially of this' last, who has gone by sea. But when against all these things you set the good and easy nature of our king, you.will perhaps incline to my opinion, which I will tell you with the same sincerity that I have told you the other things. His Majesty is ao good and so easy that I do not think he knows how to deny those who wished this journey to take place, the dispatch first of M» de la Mothe/then of.the other. And to obtain this of hi3 Majesty, it is to be presumed that they asked him under some pretest such

ELIZABETH. A.D.

1582.

:••

51S

' , that he could not refuse them, as giving Mm to understand t h a t the king was not at liberty or the like. So I doubt not that the instruments that have been selected for this negotiation "will work as those desire who have procured the setting of them to work. I hope to God, and time will show it, that they will not do anything to the prejudice of your state ; and I am Bine that our king is not only averse to causing you trouble, but that he desires nothing more t h a n quiet. And there, is a person who perhaps thinks he holds him in his grip, who when he comes to tighten it will find himself some way off his reckoning. As for the matter of the Council; as I told yon, you may be easy, for there is no talk of Inquisition, nor of interfering in any way witli the edict. Howbeit, I confess that you and the others have reasonable cause to find this action suspicious, anyone especially who would argue that this was an introduction towards ending this business, and in time bringing it to the completion which you desire they shall not make if it please God, who I hope will cheat them of this hope wherein they are held. And they will have, ;IB I understood from someone, to draw something from them, and then leave them in the lurch. This is all I have to tell you, as a repetition (rqtiica) of the answer which I made to your letter, begging you to believe t h a t I tell you nothing, which I So not mean as I say it. Would, to God I could reply viva voce to any objections which you might make to' m y opinions, because I think I could make you, with reasons which I cannot write, agree to them. However things pass, I beg you to be assured of my sincerity.—Paris, 30 Dec. 1582. Add. Endd. Ittd. 2$ pp. [France VIII. 124.]

Dee. 21

523.

G I U I H to WAISITTOHAM

Being since my last writing come to town and having enquired as nearly as I could of all passed here, I understood ' of' news as will appear by the enclosed. Concerning her Majesty's contentment I have dealt particularly with divers, and find as heretofore fair promises and good words, but the sequel uncertain; inasmuch as their estate grows daily pejorando. Those of this town do their beat to procure satisfaction for her, and hope ere the parting of the General States now assembled to effect ' their purpose; though myself, by what I hear, and have tried, can write nothing certain. I trust within a few days some answer will be had, and t h e n ' may'"" thereon be considered, and resolved accordingly. The departure of our Company from t h i s town grieves the lords and people not a, little. God grant it may be to our good and their less h a r m ; but my judgement and knowledge I remit to the grave and wisest, thereby to avoid all doubt and danger wbich by sight of miscarried letters might ensue, and pray for the best, which falling out to m y desire and others' expectation shall do good without h a r m or discommodity to the well-affeeted of the commonwealths and public benefit of both countries and parties [tic]. 1*077

2K

514 A.D.

FOREIGN PAPEKS. 1582. It has pleased God since iny being in town to call to His mercy, after long sickness, Mr Henry Knollys, a most worthy gentleman. His end was auch and so godly as I protest to you deserves immortal report and memory; thereby encouraging others to follow like steps of virtue and godliness. He made a will in the morning certain hours before his death, which was, as he desired, delivered and left in Mr 2v orris's hands, after his departure to be given to liia men, and by them brought over to his wile. His body is ' balnied' and stayed from burial till bis friends' pleasure known, who are to give order for the best accomplishment of all things pertaining thereto ; ' being died' so godly well and worthy as would give.cause to any and all to rejoice therein; though never so strange and unacquainted with his life and demeanour. M. Eossel still offers Ms service, and says that in goodwill he was to none inferior ; but cannot blame the dislike, if any be, until he hear the cause.—Antwerp, 21 December 1582. Add. Endd. 1 p.

Dec. 22 n

'

524.

[Holl. and VI. XVII. 84.]

PIETRO BIZAUMI to

This week arrived from llanders the Duke of Montpeneier in company with Marshal Biron and many other French nobles, all of whom were greeted and' received with much affection by his Highness, and on the 20th ult. [sic] he made them a most superb and splendid supper, at which many of the nobility of the country were present and many honourable dames and damsels; and the banquet lasted till 12 o'clock at night with dances and other customary festivities. It ia said here that the Prince of Parma is dead, some say of the plague, others of poison. Withal it is not believed by the most part, till it be verified with greater certainty. At Bonn a Provincial Diet is announced, where they will treat of all things pertaining to the present state of affairs. The nobles of that province will take part, and the commissioners of the magistrates of Cologne. No more at present, except a million happy New Years to her Majesty.—Antwerp, New Year's Day 1583. Add. Endd. Ital 1 p. [Holl and Fl. XVII. 85.]

Dee. 2B Ja:a

-

2

525.

The PSISCB OP ORANGE to WALSINGHAM

I have received yours of Dee. 8, pursuant to which I am now writing to Mr Stewart agreeably to your intention, which I judge to be good not only for the two kingdoms, which no doubt have need of concord, amity, and good understanding, but also for the other countries which have the same common enemy, who is the enemy also of all Christendom, and who has assured the greatness of his own state upon nothing else than the divisions of other prinees whom he has done all he could to maintain in discord of every kind. Hence I hope this good will ensue, that all others will

ELIZABETH, A.]).

1582.

. -

'

515 ;

participate in this good understanding between the realms of England and Scotland, if it may be arrived at by good means. As regards Mr Stewart's charge, all things are at present, as you know, in the hands of his Highness. I will not fell to reeomniend Mr Stewart's case to him, and excuse his absence the best I can.— Antwerp, 2 January 1588. Add. Dee. 23

526,

Endd, FT. 1 p.

[Holl. and FL XVII. 86.]

AUDLEY DANETT to WALSINGHAM

•Your last were of Dec. 1, and with them a small packet to Mr Villiers, which I delivered. The rest, directed to Mr Longston, who I understood was departed this life, I caused to be delivered to Mr Gilpin, who was then in this town, because I thought they might contain some matter touching the Merchants' affairs. I have not of late had any talk with, those that solicit the cause for the interest, and therefore • cannot write any certainty to you touching it. I understand the States-General shortly break up their assembly ; before which it is likely they will do somewhat to content her Majesty, of which I will certify you by the next, if ' happily' I may come to understand anything. The misery in the camps on both sides is very great; the captains • and better sort, much ado [sic] to live upon their credit, and the poor soldiers starve for hunger. This is some cause that the enemy has retired from before Brussels and seeks some apt place to refresh himself and his troops. Since their departure there is a resolution here to call the French troops out of Brussels and to join them with the late arrived army, which lies in the country of Waes, the best part of Flanders; it would appear this has hitherto been reserved for the French, for before no other companies were permitted to enter there on pain of death. Now the enemy has retired, there is some flourish made to ' dress' an army into the field, and some talk of present service to be taken in hand; but there is no appearance that the show will take any great effect, the common soldier being so sick, and so out of heart for want of necessary sustenance, and the charity of the burghers iti all towns so cold that they suffer men to die. at their doors without offering one piece of bread. This is daily seen in this town, and the like is written from Brussels. I am sorry Avery Eandolph has done himself so great wrong for want of a little patience. I advised him the best I could, and assured him that I found in the general a disposition to give him contentment; and I know he would not have 'bestowed the place from him ' without first acquainting you, and others whose favourable letters he had received on his behalf. True it is that men of greater sufficiency and much longer continuance had reason to look to be preferred; but yet, in respect of hia friends, I know he would have been regarded. He has since his apprehension written tome, and alleges his innoeenoy, desiring to be 'brought to his answer'; but I fear the matter will fall oni; foul against Mm, and

516

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D.1582.

some other dealings which are not yet discovered. Many men now speak hardly oi him; but it may be, '-where the hedge is "weak, • every man will over/ If it please G-od upon any good occasion to ' rid' Mr Norria from hence, both his friends in England and many followers here would receive great comfort; for trjily the misery in which his companies abide, the amall hope of any redreas, bat rather appearance of worse usage, would discourage ariy man to hazard himself or any- of his, one foot out of doors, especially for an unthankful people, who think we are bound to them in duty, and yet would see us all starve before they will credit us for one stiver. But herein, as in all things else, we must attend the pleasure ° of G-od.—Antwerp, 23 December 1582. Add, Endd. 2 pp. Deo. 28-24

[Boll, and Fl. XVII. 87.]

5 2 7 . STOKES to WALSINGHAM Since my last, of the 18th inst. all things in these parts have been very still on both sides, for which cause few speeches bat the following have passed this week. The Duke of Brabant's French army lies between Ecclqo and Ghent. From it those of Ghent fetched the ' Prince Dolfin' and all the ehief captains of the army, and brought them very honourably into Ghent, where they have made them sundry great banquets and have presented to the ' Prince Dolfin,' with four others of the ehieiest, each a fair horse; so they have been very friendly used at Ghent. It is said also that the French army will march up to Dermonde, where it will lie 10 or 12 days, and then march to ' Henogo ' to trouble the enemy there if it ean. This town and the ' Free' by command from the Court muatmake ready by the middle of next month, upon their own charge, 300 pioneers; for the speech is here that Monsieur will set his army a-work very shortly. By letters from Dermonde the enemy has forsaken all the castles and small houses which they kept about Brussels; but they write doubtfully which way the whole force is gone, for some write they are gone towards the land oi 'Lewke' [Liege], and some say towards Hataur. They write from Lille, the sudden departing of the Prince of Parma has made some great 'Jolliee' [qy. jealousy] among some chief personages on that side, only because they were not made privy ' of' his departing, which was not known but to four or five. So they write, they fear these dealings will make some new quarrel among them; for it is very eyil taken by many of the gentlemen. They also write from Lille that the Duke of Terranova is to be governor of the Malcontents, which greatly mislikes most of the towns and commons of Artois and 'Henogo'; for it seems iQieyhad rather have kept the Prince of Parma than have a Spaniard, as • they write they are in some fear there that their new governor at Ms coming will make some alteration in those parts,.,.

ELIZABETH. A.D.

517

1582. Yesterday by proclamation from the Court, and proclaimed here in this town, ' that yesterday ' was appointed to' be New Tear's Day and to be the first of January; so they have lost Christmas Day here for this year.—Bruges, the 23 December 1582, ' stillo anglea'; and here they write the 2 January 1588.

Dec. 24

P,S. Kept till the 24 Dee.—This morning at the gates" opening a peasant came from Gortrick, and saya that yesterday news came thither that some blows have passed among tite Malcontents, one against another, the Spaniards and Italians against the Walloons and Allmans, and that many are slain on both sides. This was done beside Brussels, as the peasant reports. Add. Endd. 2 pp.

Dec. 26

528.

[Soil and ffl, XVII. 88.]

THOMAS TATAM to WA&SINGIIAM1

My captain being slain ai the service before Ghent, the charge of the company fell to me, which I hold. Though nothing content with the entertainment, by reason we are fallen into - most monstrous misery for want of our pay, the amendment of which we little expect, yet willing to endure till I hear to the contrary from you, which 1 wish at your pleasure. I should be very ' sentioue' (?) to write at large the manner of our miseries; wherefore I refer it to common report.—Antwerp,. 26 Dec. 1582. Add. Dec. 27

529.

•

'• •

Endd. $ p .

[Ibid. XVII. 89,1

PDETEO BIZABRI to WALSINGHAM

You will already have heard what has happened at Dunkirk, and the capture of Eyndhoven under the leading of M. Beneveto [Bonnivefcj, H, citizen of Antwerp, the first to suggest the enterprise to hia Highness and his Excellency, and similarly the first to scale the walls. They say that besides those' who were left dead at the first attack, 200 Italians were taken there, and the rest offered their services to his Highness; and that they found within certain pieces of large artillery,,and the place very well fortified by the enemy. After the fortunate success of this enterprise they went to Elmont [Hehnond], which they say was taken together with its fortress; chiefly through the season being very favourable, and the enemy's forces much beaten down and consumed by divers accidents. Some say for certain that of 40,000 combatants that there were in this country in the name of the King of Spain, the number at present does not reach 10,000. It is understood thai ihe burghers of Namur have lately slain the captain of the castle, which may have serious consequences. The French who were in Flanders have come to encamp near Antwerp; and in like manner the Swiss are daily expected; as also the arrival of Don Antonio. His Highness's Court is full of high nobility, and his Excellency eonies there almost every day since he has been better. There is much talk of his Highness's marriage with the sister of the ' Most

518

.

FOREIGN PAPEES.

A.D. 1582.

Serene ' of Navarre, about which much more will be understood any clay.—Antwerp, 6 January 1583. Add. Endd. Ital, I p. [Ibid. XVII. 90.] Dee. 28

530.

YILLIRBS to WALSINGHAM

The bearer of this is one of my friends, and a relative of several good Mends of mine. He is undertaking the journey -to Fjiigland to secure the money left by his nephew Paul de la Haic, deceased. Doctor Niphius has married the said Paul's sister, and the relations feel that he will misuse the property left, which is by no means meagre; and therefore pursuant to the wills of the sister's mother and brother, they would lite to make sure of the business. It seems to me they have good • grounds, by reason both of the wills and of the character of Jfiphius, who is a- vagabond man, and as I saw by the memoranda and copies of letters left by M. Languet, one who has heretofore behaved very badly. I believe, if Mr Sidney will show you Languet's letters since the failure of Nipirius, you will recognise this. Thus if the money be placed in sure hands, Niphius and his wife can enjoy the proceeds, and meanwhile the heirs, that is the wife, •will be secured, and nothing will go out of the realm of England without her consent; that is if he likes to invest it in land to the wife's benefit, or in any other way. I beg you kindly to favour him in his legal business {en justice)._ The relations here never liked the marriage, and had not M. Languet recommended him, I would have hindered it. But the good man, among so many perfections, had this infirmity, that he never would refuse anyone in the matter of introductions, which is why I found out Niphius too late, and M. Languet subsequently received too much displeasure from it, both from the consummation of the marriage and oilier affairs which supervened, of which you have been iuformed. It has often since made me think of Horace's words, H quern commendcs. I do not think an honest man should give introductions lightly.—Antwerp, 28 December 1582. Add. Endd. Fr. Dee. 30

Jan. 9

531.

11 pp.

[Ibid. XVII. 91.]

STOKES to WALSINGHAH

g- n c e m y lag £ of j) eCt 23 there is nothing to write to you but of great misery that grows every day worse and- worse in these parts, only for want of good government, which yet greatly wants; for the French captains and soldiers begin to show themselves stout to command, and will not be commanded by them of this country, for which cause I perceive there is some great fear among ' these country people * "that their matters will not go well. At Dunkirk there has chanced a great discord between the French that lie there in garrison, who are 7 ensigns, and the burghers, 'whose' colonel is %L de Chamois, a great Catholic. So there are divers of the burghers slain and many hurt, and the Frenchmen are masters of the town. This quarrel arose about some victuals that the ' peasant' brought to the town, which the French soldiers took irotn them, and would pay nothing for it. And besides this M. de-

ELIZABETH.

519

A.D. X582. Terlong, governor of Dunkirk, would have brought into the town one ensign of Flemings, whom the French would not suffer to enter. So these are the causes of their falling out, and what the end will be of this matter, as yet is not known. But it has raised very evil speeches of the French here in the country. It seems the enemy has some knowledge of this trouble at Dunkirk, for 10 cornets of horse and 3,000 foot are come between Oudeuarde and Cortrick, marching towards Gravelines, The speech continues still of the blows that have passed between the Walloon soldiers and the Spaniards on the enemy's side. The cause was about some booty that was taken between them, which the Bpaniard would have had all to himself; so that there are many alain on both sides, lint if M. de Mondragon had not been present it had been a very evil day among them ; for he pacified the matter between them. Monsieur's French army is now beside Dermonde, where, by good report, they die very sore in that camp; which will weaken their number very much. This week it is written from Lille that corn begins 'to be very scant and dear in Arfcois and ' Henogo,' and that some towns have more than they are able to spend, aryl in some towns very little; and those towns that have little desire the other towns to spare them some for their money, which is refused them. For which cause they write there is a great discord and envy between town and town, which it is greatly feared on that side will grow to some displeasure if it be not foreseen in time. They also write from Lille that the "Walloon soldier has refused to lie in camp with the Hpaniard ; but for all that it is thought they will agree but too well for this side. The Prince of Epinoy's cornet of horse that lie at Ghent has this week overthrown a cornet of the enemy's horse that lay at Oudeuarde, They have taken and brought to'Ghent ±8 of them prisoners, horse and man, and slew 22 in the skirmish.—Bruges, 9 January ' still.) nova' 1583. Add Dec. 80

Jan. 9

532.

Jan. 9

[Boll, and Fl. XVII. 92.]

STOEES to

rjn^g ^ g ^ j r e c e i v e a a letter from Mr Audley Danett, wherein he writes me that he has no means to move the Duke for Ids letters to her Majesty, whereby he cannot pleasure me more therein; and he writes that he has written you thereof. Notwithstanding, I thought it my duty to write you of it, and desire you most humbly to have me in remembrance.—Bruges, 9 January ' stillo nova' 1588. Add.

Dec: 30

Endd. 2 pp.

533.

mad.

£jp.

[Ibid. XVII. 93.]

FKEIOTT to

rpj^ -g j. o r e e a jj m e £0 j O u r gQ0(j graces, and to tell you that Ms Highness and all bis Court are in good health and well-disposed; so

520

FOREIGN FAPEKS.

A.D,1582.

may it be with her Majesty and hers. His Excellency is now well convalescent. He comes daily to Court, where they often meet to try to establish good order in affairs here. That task goes forward yery slowly, to the great displeasure of his Highness, I. cannot adequately express to you the misery, poverty and necessity of the foreign soldiers who are serving here, especially of those who have been in the country at the gates of this town for some months past, to whom victuals of poor nourishing quality, of the worst indeed that can be found/ are given three oriour times a week. Likewise it is supplied on credit by dealer's who want to make their profit, and then a multitude of commissaries and victualling, officers must make theirs. These certainly hinder the soldiers from being paid, they do all they can to delay it; which is a great abuse. It lies with others to see that things are improved shortly, or else much greater confusion. The army newly arrived in Flanders has for some days been and still is in the country of Waes, refreshing itself at ease, which does not much please the Gantois. . There has been a fight at Dunkirk, a week ago today, between the French garrison and the .inhabitants. The occasion was, they say, that his Highness had commissioned M. de Trelon the admiral, ' Governor of Dunkirk, to form a company of infantry. These being levied had a letter from M. de Trelon to come into the town, applying to the magistrates for their consent to enter; which M. de Chamois would not permit unless he saw a letter expressly from his Highness. The matter was thus hung up, and the company aent. to a neighbouring village; but not so the suspicions, and distrust on either side. That same evening there were some prisoners whom the lieutenant of a company of Italians ' that are in garrison there [sic] had taken. These were torturing the prisoners to. make them agree to a' large ransom. Upon this some sailors and burghers collected before the gate, saying it was ill done to torment prisoners like that. Thereupon some soldiers eame up, who also entered into the quarrel with the sailors, till they began to beat to arms. This gave great [sic]; and soldiers and burghers came to blows, and the; cavalry charged into the burghers and dispersed them, whereby 9 or 10 were killed on the spot, and 80 or 40 mortally wounded, as it is said; the soldiers remaining •masters of the burghers. There were two Flemish companies in the town, who did not leave their quarters, by command; in short, there was some disorder. The magistrates have written to Ma Highness, ' complaining decidedly of M. de Chamois; and M. de .Chamois also of them. The matter is being debated (se demaine] at Court,his Highness is infinitely worried by it, and has sent to enquire into the facts, that the guilty may be punished; otherwise no one will henceforward receive a French garrison. M. de Bonnivet has gone to the war with a good troop of infantry and horse to carry out an. enterprise on the town of ' Indavrne' [Eyndhoven]; of which news came yesterday evening at 10 . • o'clock that it was taken. It is a means toward ' bridling ' Boisle-duc and Breda, for which they will henceforth work at making the necessary preparations, which are now beginning.

ELIZABETH. A..D. 1582.

It is rumoured that MB Highness will shortly depart for France. Some troops who came out of Yillevotde have arrived in the suburbs of this town, as also the French from Brussels. I am sending you a letter whieh was sent me from that town. It shews clearly that those of the Beligion there do not at all like what has taken place there in regard to the mass. It is to be feared that if his Highness does not take good order, this will disturb affairs, which are not going so well as would be desirable.—Antwerp, 9 January 1588, according to the new calendar. Add. Endd.. Fr.

2j»p.

\HolL and M. XVII. 94.]

Enclosed in above: Dec. 25 .

Jan. 4

534-

F. HOOHTMANS to FEEMYK

-j- t r a g t y Qu r e c e i V e d ray letter of last Thursday or Friday, by whieh I hope I have satisfied your lawh t i f i d your enquiry i touching t h i l suit. I doubt not but that you know more certainly than we here, why and to what end the French troops were withdrawn from this town last Saturday and also acme, from Yilvoorde, and yesterday M.. Tymple, with a good number of men of his regiment; yet I will refer to it again. But I cannot conceal from you the great regret and disjtleasure with which I and all other loyal and true patriots of this town feel that since the French troops have been accommodated with quarters, and the Papists have learnt for certain that their colonel, who is lodged at the Sauvelon (?) with Madame Tysnacque, where Col. Stewart lodged, is a Papist, as are also the most part of his people, and has had mass said at his lodging, these Papiats have had the audacity to assemble publicly, not having hitherto done BO save in biding and secretly, in various great houses, to have mass said and hear it; as in the house of the Duke of Aerschot, father of the Prince of Chimay,'by permission of the concierge who in a great Papist, and in that of M. de Havreeh, where three or four French soldiers have been seen, mounting guard before the door with harquebuses while the assembly was being held, a thing truly likely to have very bad eonsequezices and tending to very dangerous disturbance and sedition. Moreover these Papists, even some of the magistrates, have this day, Jan. 4, shown too plainly that they make no aeconnt of the orders of his Highness. For they have for the most part kept and celebrated the feast of Christmas, shutting their shops and all wearing their best clothes, and making many more public assemblies and with greater solemnity, nay, without comparison, to hear mass, than they did last Saturday week; which nevertheless had been proclaimed on the previous Friday; by command of his Highness to be kept and celebrated as Christinas Day, as indeed it was solemnly celebrated by those of the Beforcned Beligion. But the Papists, laughing at it and mocking open-mouthed, kept it only out of feigning and hypocrisy, as today they have, as has been said, clearly shown; whence one may judge what sincere devotion they hare to be loyal

522

FOBEIGN PAPERS.

A.D-1582.

and obedient to his Highness. May God assist him and all his Council, with His Holy Spirit, that they may be able shortly to re-establish and maintain piety and justice throughout these countries, and by this means repress, subdue and correct the insolences and abuses of the wicked, and defend and maintain the loyal and virtuous, whereby the wrath of G-od, kindled upon us for our iniquities, will without fail be extinguished and we shall live in peace and concordj to His glory and the salvation of our souls. Meanwhile I should like the Prince of Chitnay and his consort to be informed of the meetings which as I have said take place in the houses of his father and uncle, only by the permission of the concierges; for I hope they will take order therein, anil seo that such meetings be no longer held.—Brussels, 4. January 1583. P.8.—This morning, before sending my letter, I saw that the Papists are still making festival, and saw them going to their meetings for mass.—5 January. Add: AMona' Monsr le Capitaine George Freinyn, en la Rue de 1' Empereur, a la Fortune. Par aruy a Anvers. Fr. 8 f)K [Ibid. XVIL 84a.] Pee. 30

."

535.

FBBMYN to

After my letter was written arrived the lieutenant of a French company which was at the taking of Eyndhoven, who saya that at daybreak the town was surprised at a pretty easy point—they had to cross the water and scale—where by means of a gate or postern which did not open [sic], being only barred with some pieces of wood, without a lock, which was instantly opened, where the cavalry entered, and charging firmly, they cut in pieces some 40 of the enemy, who made little resistance, being surprised. But the greater part kept in the castle which commands a gate, and is surrounded by a ditch more than a pike's length in width, defending themselves bravely, and to get them artillery is needed, which is not so ready, and the roads troublesome. Also Count Charles of Mansfeldt is six leagues off with 1,000 or 1,200 Germans, 5 companies of Walloons and 4 cornets of horse, "without counting the nearest garrisons; BO that reinforcements must be sent there, inasmuch as the place is important, with munitions and victuals. If the besieged hold good, as they have begun^ and their suecours arrive, our people will have something to do till they are succoured. There are French, English, Scotch, and Flemings in the place, who will dp their best, having good commanders who have done and are doing better service than is recognised. The enemy's army is only two leagues from Ghent. Three companies of the enemy's Germans have,* it is said, come to give themselves up to those of Ghent, and have joined the army. They have received some pay (finances) in the hope that more will come over, notwithstanding the rumour which is current of forces preparing in Italy to come here. The furtherance or permission of free .exercise to Popery (fa papaidtti) which is now granted in certain places much injures and

ELIZABETH. A.D.

523

1582. delays the advance of affairs, inasmuch as by their meetings the Papists reconnoitre their forces, and communicate with each other;. and however good a face they put on to his Highness, they desire none but the King of Spain for their lord, while those who have called in his Highness are those of the Religion.' Lastly, the rumour is that his Highness's army which is in Flanders will be made to pass on and sent to Tournehault [Turnliont] in -Brabant, 7 leagues from Eyndhoven. It is a good town, and one where there are provisions; and all the forces will be assembled there to blockade Bois-Ie-Duc and Breda, by means of Eyndhoven. The result remains to be seen. I send one of the new almanacks.—9 January 1583, On a separate slip. Qy. P.S.—When mine was closed, I received your letter dated Dec. 24. To-morrow morning all the troops in the neighbourhood of this town both horse and foot will be marched to Eyndhoven to assist and strengthen those in the town. The castle, which commands one gate, holds out. The army in Flanders will also pass near Temronde, and embark there to come and lodge at Saint-Bernard two leagues from Antwerp, on its way to Turnhout, inasmuch as the enemy will want to come to the aid of Eyndhoven. He is strong in cavalry and the situation of Eyndhoven is the right place for it, being heathy. They will be able to fight at once (d ee coup) if the castle holds out six days more.—9 January 1588.

Add. Endd. I'V. lp.andip. Dec. 80

538.

[Roll, and M. XVII. 95.]

JOHN NOBBIS to WAIISUJGHAH

I would not fail to advertise you of the late ' accident' between the burghers aad the soldiers in garrison in the town of Dunkirk, where, .upon some variance falling to blows, 8 or 9 of the burghers were slain and between 20 ' to' SO hurt. The duke seems to be much displeased with M. de1 Chamois, commander of the garrison ; saying he shall be removed thence, and will give order for the punishment of the offenders. M. Treslon, governor of the town, who for a good space has been absent from thence and followed the Court most commonly, will forthwith be sent thither, and very Likely some good course will be taken to appease this matter. Those of Ghent and other places in Flanders are much grieved that the Prench troops lately arrived are still abiding in the country of Wa.es, which hitherto has been reserved from all spoiling. The duke's means are so small to bring the rest of his forces into the field, and to ' dress' an army that it is not likely the troops will be removed thence as yet, notwithstanding the country eselaim greatly against their being there. •(^ The duke begins to treat with the-English regiments for reformation of their companies, and has appointed commissaries to account with us for our pay due from the month of April last: from which time he is to take order for our satisfaction. By the next I thhdi I shall be able to advertise- you what has been resolved.

524

FOSEIGN PAPEKS.

A.D. 1582.

M. Bonnivet three or four days ago went out upon an enterprise to surprise Eyndhoven, upon the river Domele, 4 leagues from Bois-le-Due. This morning arrived here a captain from him, who brings news that the town is taken, the garrison within, being Italians, having retired into a strong place within the town, which they keep. For the taking of this M. Bonnivet desires aid from hence, which I think will be sent to him ; and if in the mean time the Prince of Parma sends any succour on the other side, of which there is some appearance, Eyndhoven lying so near to Bois-le-Duc, and beiug so commodious for convoys to their other garrison-towns, it is very likely we shall come to some blows shortly.—Antwerp, 80 Dec. 1582. Add. Endd. by Walemgham. 1J pp. [Roll. and. FlsXVII. Dec. 31

537.

96.]

VILLIHBS to.

In pursuance of your letter, his Excellency immediately after the receipt of it wrote to Mr Stewart as you intended. As regards the excuse for that gentleman's absence, he intends to speak to his Highness about it. Nevertheless I cannot conceal from you that since Aubigny has had credit there, we have seen nothing but treason on the part of the Scotch, and fresh ones are discovered from one day to another; in such wise that one is constrained to suspect that sueh practices come from elsewhere, although there are several honest men who would be grieved to commit a fault. But most^ have proceeded from Mr Stewart's regiment. I know well that it is no fault of his, but individual captains can bring a bad reputation to a whole regiment. AB for the Elector of Cologne's affairs, up to now they are going pretty, well. He has been solemnly married, in the Religion, and the delegates of several princes, counts and great lords assisted thereat. He is behaving prudently,* and giving those of Austria and the Bishop of Liege something to think about, who thought to cateh that archbishopric by way of paper and ink; but he can have it only by the sword' and will find himself, if I mistake not, a good deal impeded in that. At the least those who were undermining us and propping up themselves, have a bone to gnaw for a long time, and weanwhile the Eeligion, with God's help, will go forward.' Therein I fear only the headlong counsels of those who under a mask of ardent- zeal seek their own profit, and that with too little prudence. I am expecting fresh details about it every day. In any ease be assured that it is not a quarrel to he appeased in a ., day, and that the fire will go further, that is, if it please God, to the ruin of the Koman priests, who are in as great trouble as ever they were in these countries.—Last of December 1582. * Add. Endd, Fr. 1 p. \HoU. and FL XVII; 97.] Dec. 31 n

*

538.

OOBHAM to WALSINGHAM

I send you a packet wherein are enclosed five pieces or written •papers; they were delivered me by Alard. It seems he would have it thouglit that he is privy to a practice 'offered ' b y the Page and

j • ; i; ;

i' \ | \ \ |

;

• j

.

ELIZABETH.

525

1582.

'

the King ojSpain to the French king to be invented against the Queen for the better estate of the King and Queen of Scots; which action is, as he says, much pressed by their ministers and negotiators. But to avoid the danger imminent to England? be professes to he able to frame an accord between the Queen, the French.Mng and Monsi-eur in such sort that the evil meaning may be turned on Spain. For bringing this to effect, he confers with, the French king, finding him better inclined to join with the Queen than to go forward with the others above named. And he gives me to understand that the king will declare himself upon this agreement made, having got the Swiss to be partakers of his enterprise. He has informed me that Alfonso Corse son to Pietro Corse shall trouble Corsica, and Pieiro delta Rocca of Messina should enter into Sicily, and the Swiss in Milan, and Monsieur, should continue in the Low Countries. Howbeit I have hitherto seen no other proofs of this, nor likelihood, than I send. It has been, he says, propounded by the bastard, the Grand Prior of Provence that those of Malta belonging to France should retire to the Isles beside the coast of Provence, and that there should certain persons go to the Canaries to work some good effect; but he ' names not to me those his particular ways.' Neither can I yet hear him assure me of good caution for the means [qy. money] he requires of the Queen. Sow that by these circumstances you may know what his meaning is, I shall await- farther directions, 'doubting to assure' any matter concerning these purposes till I see better foundation. i I hear that the French king much flatters the Pope and his ministers, ' assuring him to ' perform greatly to his contentment; which is thought to be dona by him for two causes, the one, to make profit of the_ ecclesiastical State, and secondly to be separated from his wife, which will in time ensue, as they judge. They give me to understand the Mng has assured the Pope's nuncio that before the month of January pass he will cause an order to be published that the clergy of France shall be reformed according to the ordinances of the Council of Trent, The Prince of Conde has seen the Duke of Montmorency's daughter, but that marriage ' takes no place'; for they say the prince will take to wife the sister of the young Tremoille, which lady was ' meant to' the Yiseount of Turenne. * They have ' delivered it forth' in tins Court that the [people ?] of Antwerp had mutinied, in such disorder [ly wise?] against the French that neither Monsieur nor [the Prince] of Orange could appease them; and that M[eenen?] was revolted to the Spaniards. Don Bernardino de Mendoza writes that the [Spanish] king had licensed him, to depart from B [ngland]. Of this he has certified the Spanish agent, this nuncio, and Oiraldi. An Irish Dominican friar baa departed hence by the way ' of' England, eoroe from Borne/ He has a black beard, lean-faced, about the age of 40. He has another in his company, but he left his letters and writings with the Scottish ambassador to be conveyed to Mendoza, so that iHs likely he will resort to him.

52(5 A.I>.

TOREIGK 1582.

PAPERS.

' The«nuncio is informed there IB- a new rebellion in Ireland, and laments they have taken arms so soon, because they cannot have speedy succours sent them. He hears that her Majesty has appointed certain forces, which were placed beside 'Berwick, to repair into Ireland. There is a gentleman of Marseilles come from Constantinople, who has had access to the king, and passed as I hear to go to Monsieur. They give out in this Court, since M. Rambouillet's return from Flanders, that his Highness was resolved to repair into England. They inform me Bon Antonio had a desire to pass into Flanders, hut the Queen Mother did not like that intention of his.

I have received notice that the Pope's nuncio, being evil at ease, • wrote this morning to the king, sending it by his secretary, to certify his Majesty that the Pope had granted his request for the alienation of certain portions of the ecclesiastical livings; wherewith the king is much contented, having stayed here today, otherwise than he had determined. The great Turk has given the Signiore of Yenice to understand ' that he is very evil satisfied with them for having taken certain .Turkish rovers and vessels in Candia; with which the Signiors axe startled, and seek that the French king should do some good offices for them towards the Turk.—Paris, 31 December.

Add, E'ndd. (several -names of months on the hack), [France VIII. ,126.] ' ' • 539. • Dec. 81

Decipher of parts of the above.

In hand of E. Beetle. Endcl 540.

4. _pj>.

1% pp.

[ifcid. FIJI. 125«.] '

COBHXH to "WALSINGHAM

52 [go/. Don Antonio] understood by my sending of Captain Eieardo to his lodging that I knew of his being in this town; whereon, on the 27th inst. he sent for me at night. I went to him, finding him accompanied only by Dugo di Botelho in a mean lodging not far from the Queen Mother's house. I understood from him that he had been with, the king the day before. He informed me that he had heard tell of the Quern'is offer to the Queen Mother touching the ships; but he said she misliied the conditions the Queen had propounded. And as I perceived by him, he could be contented to repair to 24. [-•- Monsieur; hut qy. 42, i.e. England] to demand some succour and to cast himself down at her Majesty's feet, to request relief; alleging that in respect he is descended of the Queen's blood, as also in consideration that he is injured and Oppressed by the violent force of a mightier person, whose overmuch forces may likewise become noisome to [?] England •— [sic]. So that upon the just consideration of these allegations, lie said, it might be thought good by her Majesty to yield him assistance for the recovery of MB right. I assured him there was none in the world had more compassion of his state and desired f greatlier' his comfort than the Queen.

ELIZABETH. A.D.

5-27

1582. But I requested Mm likewise to enter into judgement by the feeling of his own state, how dangerous it would be to her. to ' i r r i t e ' ao strong an enemy as the King of S<pain, considering how he is confederated with the Pope and with many other personages of quality. And moreover she is the rather dissuaded from entering into so great an action, because it is seen the French king forbears • to encounter with the King of Spain, though the said "king violently intruded himself into GO [qy, Portugal] and into other great causes, without respect had to the Qn.-e.eik Mother. Likewise that the said king 'having' [in] Salnves, Provence, and in sundry parts wrought divers practices, and maintained many indisposed false persons, yet the French king finds it good to dissemble, and to pass over in silence so many present injuries. Besides this, he did but a little covertly nourish Monsieur, without giving him sufficient maintenance to help himself, being accepted by the consent of .those • where he is. I wished him to think how he had found the actions of those of , [sic] to be disposed in this last voyage of his to the Azores, referring it to his own judgement. To this he answered that the French king had done very much in helping Mm as he did, but the mischance proceeded, aa he said, through cowardliness and treachery of some. Howbeit, he was not to ' lament himself of those be received favours." He added that certain people were come secretly to him from Portugal, who brought him word they were evil satisfied with the government, and that those of Portugal desired, his coming with good company for their comfort, intending to join him and do all things in his favour. Lastly he concluded that within two or three days he meant to send Botelho to me, after he had again conferred with •Queen Mother; wherewith I took my leave. I understand how Joyeu&e and la Chastre had been with Don Antonio, Notwithstanding what is written, I am informed that Don A ntomo has offered the king to sell his claim and right in Portugal; and that the king and Queen Mother ' pretend' only to send some small help for the maintenance of the Azores, without dealing any way further. They say in Court the king would buy Portugal, forJoyeuse. The ambassador of Venice seeks to speak with Don Antonio. It seems that he has some extraordinary charge, for he receives dispatches oftener than accustomed.—Paris, last of December 1582. AM.

Dec. 31

Jan. 10

541.

Endd.

2 pp.

[France VIII. 126.]

COBHAM to WAXSINGHAM

Haying been deferred by their Majesties 'to h a v e ' access to them . all tMs week, I was admitted to their presence today, when I first made declaration to the king of those points which M. la MothePenelon by his command had treated with her Majesty; as first, for Ms repair into Scotland ; secondly, having dealt with her for the difficulties in the deliberation concerning the impeachment of the further proceeding to the marriage; and lastly, how la Mothe had requested to have some redress agreed oa in matters of depredations.

528

'

POBEIGN "PAPBBS.

A,D. 1582.

Which causes I enlarged to him as amply as I was instructed by your letters. He seemed to take in very good part her Majesty's gracious manner of proceeding towards M, la Mothe, wishing tne to assure her that he for his own part intended but to entertain the ancient amity which had been between his predecessors and the Xinga of Scotland, being willing to join with her Majesty in doing good offices towards the young king and to appease the trouble in Scotland. Further he seemed not to remember that he had sent letters or made any dispatch by others than by M. la. Mo the. But because, he said, these affairs of Scotland and the difficulties of the marriage were of importance, he intended to confer with his mother, and as occasion should be offered, he would let me have farther answer herein; wishing me, as he is accustomed, to impart as much to the Queen Mother, and giving me to understand he intended to go 'abroad' and disport himself tor fourteen or fifteen days. Thus 1 left him, repairing to the Queen Mother, and enlarging to her as much as is aforesaid. Whereon she with many words protested that the king had no other meaning than to give good satisfaction to her Majesty in the affairs of Scotland. I therefore demanded of her how that could be so thought, considering the Queen of Scotland had written touching the hope she had that d'Aubigny would receive relief from France from the Christian king, which appeared plainly by her letters, which her Majesty had shown to la Mothe. She answered, ' whatsoever ' the Scottish queen wrote, she knew not, bat she was assured there was no such matter intended, as to send forces or support into Scotland. I further ' inferred ' that it has appeared hitherto that d'Aubigny's going to Scotland, his altering and managing of the affairs in that Court, and now his obstinately remaining against the king and nobility's will, promising to those of his faction that he awaits support from France—all this well considered, there can be no less expected than that some extraordinary violent event will happen in that country, which cannot but give discontent to her Majesty. Therefore I besought her to consider well hereon, so that her Majesty might he dealt with by the king according to her desert, having shown such favourable amity to Monsieur as she best understood. Moreover I' signified that her Majesty was willing to content her touching the demand la Mothe made in her behalf for ships to serve her, in such manner and sort as was specified in your letter; for which gracious ^ proceedings she wished me to deliver her thanks. to my sovereign, " meaning to think thereon, and accordingly to signify how far she intended to deal that way.—Paris, last of December 1582. Add. Endd. 2 pp. Dee.

542.

[Ibid VIII. 12?.]

PBNA to WAXSINGHAM •

Without your protection, authority, and uprightness, my Laesia'ygon of a legist woald have assassinated all equity and shame, with whi()h he is wholly unprovided, having prostituted his vile aonl

ELIZABETH.

S29

A.D. 1582.

to the disrepute and dishonour of all honest men, who esteem such a monster very disgraceful and prejudicial to the whole. English nation, especially to the service of the Queen, who is the only heart and sister (eoeur et smtr) of Dame Astraea, whom my doctor has greatly violated, and violates every day, feigning nevertheless and giving himself out to be her defender and servant. That a minister of equity should have tried to deny all that he could or dared, fearing lest hie seal or handwriting should be found, and now that he dares . not deny it, he makes up a story that he paid to the late Spinola 3 years ago, which I have never dreamt nor anywhere heard that he did, only made a semblance of assigning payment to me; nor did I ever give him [Spinola] charge to receive anything for me. He displays his bad faith all he can, for when you spoke to him he ventured to say that the letters so often repeated on my part had been answered, and that he had paid; but he would never answer me a word, always making up his mind to avail himself, my note of hand being lost, of his false witness, which is to deny. Qid sciens negat debitum,falBu?7i dicit testimonium, says the law, and should be chastised

as a false witness. Would to heaven her Majesty knew the truth of the matter, and what a wolf is in her kingdom, which is said to be free from them. I continue to give you the thanks and deathless gratitude which I owe you for all your kindness displayed on my behalf. Complete it, if you please, for it is for you to take a short cut, since he has beep ordered to pay within 20 days or show a good discharge, as H. de la Mothe-Fenelon has caused to be written to me. As therefore he can show no discharge, other than a forged one, he must pay, and out of the profit he has made from my money, must repair the damage he has caused me. Since he has denied the debt, there is a great presumption that he will refuse the interest, but both are justly due to me, especially since he is an energetic man, who gains on all that he handles. The reparation for the injury done me, both ia making me look a fool in the eyes of many people for being too obliging and believing him too much, and in the blame which he has made me incur of demanding payment of a debt falsely, the fear, too, in which he has put me, of making me lose all, are matters for arbitration, and I eould wish that you were the judge, or somebody like you; but I am sure that your interest (jirejttgfy and influence is such that I shall receive- satisfaction shortly. Add. Endd. with month. .Ft; 1 p. [Fh-ance VIII. 128.] 1582?

5 4 3 . "A note of all such spoils as have been taken by French pirates" from merchants and mariners of the Isle of Wight." Mark Jeams \ an anchor and a cable, MS 10s» and John Blanch / Ms seals, valued aJ 46 sterling, another anchor and cable. Mi 10s. small ropes, valued at 25s. 3 eomapaasea, a running glasaj and a lantern,{7s. S shovels (? senlfe) and 4 coxes find fall their absurd,' JOS 6s, 15077

21

380

.

FOREIGN PAPEES.

•

A.D.1582. Thomas Jeams, Join Exton, 14 May, 1579 Henry Jolliffe •William Londey Thomas Jeams, 14 Aug. 1681 G-aorge Marshall, William Londye, Benold Gleyen William Londye,

1 17 ' balletts ' ol Hampshire kernes. f 3 ' balletts' of sheep's leather, price 4515 is. i . 2 'bolts' of friezes, £62. anchors, cables, sails, and victuals,'amounting to £8 8s. 4d. > 2 packs of canvas, 263 crowns. • ] in vinegar, canvas, and proyns (?) 150 crowns. canvas, sails, cables, and anchors, ,£15, • lost the value of 45 crowns. besides, the mariners lost divers implements to the value of .69 10s. Henry Maiowe lost diYers things to the value of .624. William Stroud lost in household stuff to the value of ;£200. Joseph Ellis lost in durance and apparel, £6. William Burf ord lost in apparel and other things, £2Q Qs. Henry Jolliffe lost Ms ship and furniture taken by the Bull of Dieppe, appertaining to Nicholas Doen (?) and earned to Treport by M. Lanouer, captain of tHe same. This was 16 October. 1579,

Endd. 1582 ?

2 pp.

', j I ,, i •; • : j

[France VIII. 129.]

5 4 4 . Petition to Walsingham on the part of John Addison, merchant of Southampton, that whereas on the 19th June last, he had so much of hia own goods, besides those of other people, taken out of a good bark ealled the Dolphin of Southampton, coming from ( Flanders, between Shoreham and Brithempton,' by the piracy of one M. de ' Harmanvile3 and other gentlemen his coparteners, to the amount of £220, as by certificate under the mayor's hand and the town's seal of those towns may appear, in consideration of thia, and seeing that ' your orator ' is minded to travel into France for his remedy, Walsingham will procure him the Privy Council's letters to Sir Henry Cobham, by -whose means he hopes to have redress. Endd. 1011. [France VIII. 130.]

1582?

: ]
j |; ; t ] |

;

; ! i j

5 4 5 . "QUESTIONS" If her Majesty shall, not marry, what inconveniences may probably ensue. 1. The French king says he will not enter into any further league than is already between them.—Consequence: The Queen is to defend herself against all assailants by her own forces. 2. The King of Bcota will with the countenance of the King of Spain, by marriage with hia daughter, be bold to increase MB party in England, "whereof the Queen his mother has best intelligence; and to the King of Scots' title will be favourable all our rebels abroad, and their friends at home, whereof the north, parts towards Scotland are full; and nest them our fugitives, whose friends are in many parts of the realm dispersed i and lastly all persons not contented with the religion now established.—Notct, that all these will be no small company, nor are they poor, and to them all miscontented persons may be added.

(|. \-\ * ' .. f-! \'{ ;i ij H ;•

ELIZABETH.

681'

A.D. 1582.

3. All persons that hoped to have seen by her Majesty's marriage the fruit of some child to possess this Crown, will be dismayed and discouraged, and many of them for policy will ' make their party' by friendship -with such as they think will prevail, and so •will be left to her Majesty the less number of last and confident persons, whom either duty to Gtod, or benefit received of her, or both, shall move to stand firm. ' 4. The offence that both the French king and Monsieur . would take, if she refused after so long treaty, so many embassies, so much charges bestowed by them both, cannot but produce some effects of great unkindrtess in mind, though 'perease' Monsieur's friends may counsel him to dissemble it for a season and to make to himself some particular profit by obtaining either presently a great sum of money upon colour of his attempts upon the Low Countries, or yearly for some time some great pension for his ' countenance.' 5 and last. It is moat likely that Monsieur will marry in some place' where the Queen ' will .not have cause to like'; and if it be with Spain, then she must look to receive unkindness both from Spain and France, a matter hai*dly for her to beai'j and yet so to be used by either of them that the Crown , of England shall take no hurt, but only the person of her Majesty, and her government. If her Majesty will not marry, the answer may be thus: that considering she waa never otherwise inclined to marriage but for the contenting of her people and for the maintenance of her Crown and realm in peace ; and that when she did at any time conceive that the marriage with M. d'Azrjou should or might content her people, and maintain.her Crown and realm in peace, she was both for those respects, and for the worthiness of his person, all manner of ways well inclined to allow of him; but yet upon many accidents that happened to induce her to doubt how this marriage might be agreeable to her realm, she hereupon suspended her resolutions, meaning ' from time to prove* how those accidents and oppositions might be removed. And now lastly, perceiving how Monsieur \endsl\ In Btirffhley's hand. 3 pp. 1582

[France VIJL 131.]

5 4 6 , Fragment (cancelled) of a dispatch to Cobham on the subject of the treaty of alliance. Probably about the middle of December.

si pp. liud. VIIL 182.] 5 4 7 - A brief summary of the substance of Sir Henry Cobham's negotiations to May 28, 1582. In the hand of (?) one of Sir Joseph Williamson's clerks, Endd, 7J P2>- [•**«*• VIII. 138.]

53S

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D. 1582. 1582

548.

The MAGISTRATES OF ANTWBBP

Burgomasters: Jonkheer Philips Tan Sehoonhoven, Mr Pieter van Aelst. Esehevinsr Mr Pieter van Aelst, Mr Jan de Dape, Mr Jonkheer Eogier van Leefdael, Mr Nicolaes de Yoecht, Mr Matheeus de Lannoy, Ooraelis Pruenen, Jan Baseliers, Andries Yandermolen, Mr Oornelis Retius, Jan van Steenwinckel, Mr Jacob Zuerine, Lodowiok Bloemaerfc, Jonkheer Jacob Montens, Pieter Pauhuys. Greffiers: Mr Adrian Dyck, Mr "Willem Martini, Mr Jan van Hoboken, Mr Severin van Uffele. Secretaries: Mr Henriek de Moy, Mr Dionyg Vander Neesen, Mr Joris Kiesfelt, Mr Willem Gillis, 'Le Sieur Maregrave' : Jonkheer Synjon Van den Werne. * Le Sieur Amman ': Jonkheer Jan van Straclen. { Lescontette': Jonkheer Comelis van Mansdaele. MM. les colonels: Adrien Bourdoulj Bartolomeus Pels, Steven Ricquet, Jan de Laet, Antnoni Ancelmo, Jacques de la Faille, Adrien Vierendeel. Which colonels are captains of 10 ensigns apiece of townsmen well appointed. And then there are i g3ds or fraternities, viz. of the harquebusiers, of the crossbows, of the English longbow, and of the long sword, which have under them 7 ensigns towards the furnishing the round upon the walls, and the standing watches in the street, and 22 ensigns beside, that they have the charge of; which makes in all 109 ensigns, being able to arm within the town 15,000 able men. With a jew notes in Herle's hand, and endd. by him. 2 pp. [Holl. and Fi. XVII. 99.] 1582

549.

-A PASQUINADE.

Translat du Flamen. Notre Noblesse est, f * * * * *par un coquim frangais, qui plante son May dans hi pern de l8imey'r qui par teire jeite noire digns Phme Arseot,qai viole noire Cour, notreliberte, et nous prived'lmineur, aftn qu' ainsi de toute sorte notre patrie soitprivie d'hmneur et de UbertL II nous susciie la haine de France, et rend les Hugmnots obstinSs. Aydeg-nous, Mh'e de Dieu, chassez Puylawrens de notre pays ott il ne fait qw'allwmerunfou. Endd: bilet seme a Brux. (see No. 534). 10U. \Holl. and Fl. XVII. 101.] ? 1852

5 5 0 . " Petition of the Merchants Adventurers touching the slander of monopoly their traffic is charged withaL" First, whereas her Majesty heretofore wrote to the Emperor for his favour in justice towards them, concerning a slander of

ELIZABETH.

538

AJ>. 1582. monopoly raised ' of' their traffic, and sent her servant Mr Waad instructed for answering it: Upon delivery of which letter, and instructions uttered, his Majesty seemed in manner satisfied. . Nevertheless since the cause had been treated in a general assembly of the^Estates and Princes of the Empire, before final order, he meant to inform the Estates and Princes of her Majesty's letter and the effect of the instructions, and then by his letter to return answer to hers, with signification of such resolution as should be had, by himself and the Estates and Princes. .

Yet the merchants are advertised that the slander is continued by the Hanses, the first raisers of it, and in some sort still ' hearkened to by the Emperor and Estates and Princes; and thereupon the Hanses prosecute their suit to expel the merchants from trafficking •within the Empire. Wherefore they humbly pray -her Majesty's letters again to the Emperor to the effect following: That she thought her former letter and message sufficient to have satisfied him and all other indifferent judges for the matter of that slander, since it is generally known among merchants of all parts that they have no manner, show, or likelihood • of ' monopolian' traffic, nor is their association for cause of merchandise, but only for order and government; and for 'merchandising' they have not, nor ever had, one groat of common stock, but all their buyings and sellings, at home and abroad, are particular and private, and each of them therein daily and diligently 'applies' privately for Ms own use and commodity. And this is so generally and publicly known and understood at Antwerp, at 'Middleborough,' at * Barrow,' at ' Bridges/ at Hamburgh and at Embden and throughout the Low Countries and the- whole Empire, that it is wonderful that either any should be so impudent and malicious as to raise such a slander, or any potentate or man; of judgement be induced to give credit to it.. The same manner of trafficking has been continually used by the merchants as they now use it, in the Empire, and in the Low Countries at the places aforesaid, by the great liking, acceptance, and large privileges of the States and Princes of those towns enjoyed ' continually by the space of 800 years and above, without note or suspicion of monopoly or anything savouring thereof. Therefore her Majesty hitherto has thought that so fond and vain a slander would not nave needed.half that which has already been answered to it. .

- ' '

Wherefore she expects Ms Majesty's promised answer, and his, the Estates', and the Princes' resolution touching the merchants, and their lawful traffic to be allowed in the Empire, as of good friends and neighbours; which good neighbourhood she desires a means with all integrity on her behalf to continue; and does and will with Mke or greater favour entertain within her dominions all good subjects of the Empire, as she'does any her best neighbours and friends whatsoever.

584

FOREIGN PAPERS.

A.D. 1582!. Yet if the cunning of the raisers of this slander lie so great and their accusations so contrived that they can to his Majesty and so many grave princes and states so overshadow the truth that the slander may receive credit of any of them, she is bent, not only in this cause, but in all other needful, by oppress messengers to satisfy not only his Majesty but any other Prince or noble State, according to the answerableness of good neighbourhood and friendship. Which in this case she Crusts will not be found needful; and thereupon reposes herself till she shall receive his letters in answer and to the effect aforesaid, requiring in the mean time the good ' in treaty' of her merchants in the Empire, with suchlike good favour and friendship ' as' she here in her dominions does and is willing to entertain the subjects of the Empire. Also it is humbly required that her Majesty's letters may be had in answer to those lately written by the Earl of Embden. Copy. Endd by L. Tomson. 2 pp. [Ranse Towns I. 71.] ? 1S82

5 5 1 . Notes on. negotiations with Denmark. In anno '77, Dr Eogers and Mr Jenkinson were sent commissioners to treat with the King of Denmark's commissioners about the traffic of her Majesty's subjects into the parts beyond Norway, and about the matter of tolls and new impositions levied by the king upon her subjects' merchandises trading through the Bound. This treaty had this end: that the matters there treated of were referred to the pleasure of both their Majesties to be further ordered by other treaty when more convenient time served; 'in the mean' the king persists in his demand for the stay of the trade to Muscovy. Which demand he has from time to time yearly ever since renewed, and her Majesty answered in friendly sort, as in honour and equity the cause required. The -words the king 'inforees' for the maintenance of his demand are in the treaty made in 1449 between Henry VI and Christierne, and are these: Versus Islandiwni, Helgalandiam, etc. Which treaty was to continue and stand in force but two years, and in all other treaties made after, the word versus was left out and full and free liberty given to the subjects of England per viarc, fitmiina, aquas didces et sahas quascumque navigare, etc. as

appears in the treaties made between Edward IV and Christierne, anno 1465, and Henry VII and John, King of Denmark, anno 1490, and Henry YIII and Christierne. The clause of her Majesty's letter of 11 April 1577, which the Chancellor so Btrietly stands on:—Quod quidem o^mximi etc. .'

.

Memorandum in hand of L. Tmnson. Endd. by R. Beale: Notes how the treaty has been proceeded in with the King of Denmark touching the trade beyond Norway. 1 ». Em. and Lat, [Denmark L 25.] •

ELIZABETH. ? End

of

552.

535

COBHAM to WALSINGHAM

I have received of the money, due to you from Giraldi, the smn of 683 crowns and 1 franc, which my servant is to pay you there, if yon please. And whereas Adams -wrote to me to provide you a pair of fair bracelets, I have the means to send you a pair wellwrought in gold, with certain pieces of Jaspes orientales graven in such sort as I send herewith a pattern, with pretty devices which may pleaBe the party I suppose you meant to give it to. There is in all seven pieces of Jaspes. The length and breadth is according to the blank paper enclosed. I have seen a looking-glass on the be . . . . es, very fit to hang at the girdle of a lady as now they ' yow' [qy. use], This glass, of crystal very fairly set in gold, prettily wrought, is set with many small diamonds, rubies, and. little agates. On the hack side is a fair agate, all of a tawny colour wherein is graven the palace of peace, and the portraiture of ' the' peace, standing intLe door of the palace, with trees and other signs of peace. It will not be sold under 200 crowns; the agate is as big as the glass, both being somewhat fashioned in oval form. I would be glad to know speedily, 'by the first,' your pleasure herein, because their Newyearstide is sooner than our accustomed, so that may be otherwise got from me. I am seeking for cloths of gold ; I hear that Signor Palavicino has two pieces sent him irom Lyons, but that of 6 crowns the ell is the properest wearing. I beseech you as much as I may to help me out of this case of want, whieh I cannot well longer endure, and I trust you will remember the time is overdue to have another supply this place who has more 'living' to countenance it, as is indeed convenient, 1 beseech you, deal honourably by me, seeing I am in your hands, God give you heart and spirit. Seal. Endd. 1 p. [France VIII. 134.] Dee. 28

Jan. 2

553.

ITEAY LTFIS DE GEANADA to the DUCHESS OF ALVA

Letter of spiritual consolation on the death of the duke.—Lisbon, 2 January 1583. (? Printed.) Contemporary copy. Encld. in Spanish: Copy of the second letter -which FrayLuys de Granada wrote to the duchess of Alva. Spanish. 3 pp. [Spain I. 110.]

(mi)

0ENEBAL

INDEX

( 539 )

GE-KEBAL

A As,, 'Ha,'river, reiters spoil country beyonds 151. Aachen. See Aix, Abraham, aurgeon-m-cMef in French army, killed in battle off fehe Azores, 21S. AcuSa, Pedro de, in army for Tereeras, 112. Adams, Henry, servant to Cobhaiu, writes concerning jewels to be sent to England, 532. Addison, John, merchant of Southampton; petition of, to Walsingham, 544, Adjacetto. See Diaoeto. Admiral, the, of England. See Clinton. Admiralty, judge of, makes report aonoerning Frenoh merchants, 78, 384; Swift abnses R e a c h meruhaitts in presence of, 480: cause of Spaniards robbed by English to be tried by, 451. See also i e w e s ; Dale, Adolf von Solms, Count of Meura and Neuenahr, 'Meure.' 'Moei-s,' Monsieur makes secret contract with, 85 . (p. 79); JJesiear expects to see, 177; goes to Imperial Diet, S58; Daios of Cleves to succeed, if he has no issue. 438. Adrienohe, Adrian, owner of Ovgne of Middelburg, 63. Aeist, Peter van, Alostanus, Burgomaster of Antwerp, formerly eonnciilor to Couat Palatine, Longaton hag speech with, touching Pallavicino and Spinola, 197; mentioned, 548. Aersohot, town of, said to have heen surprised by M. de Eamars, 309, 110; failure of enterprise upon, 118 (p. 118), 119, 121, 136 Q.. 126}; SempiD betrays soldiers of Lierre at, 237 j said to have been taken by French, 406. Aefsehot, Daks of. See Oroy, Philippo de, A&itadi (?), Ippolito, Giraldea considers his debt to Walsingham to ha^e been broagiit aTjont by, 407. Afio, OeBare D', a Blorentine, goods of GhriEtopharo deMouteinhattdaof,378, Africa, ' distress * suffered by Bon Saneho d'Ayila in, 113 {#, 111); Moors in, wish to pass over to Spain, 114 (p, 118),

INDEX

I Agenois assigned to Qaeen of Navarre as I dowry, 63 (p. 63). AgHonby, Thomas, a prisoner in Home, 362. Aiguea MorteSf' Aqjiis Mortis,' French capture Spanish brigaatine near, 441 (j». 434); 3Iarquis of Peseara said to hare been captured near 44% 467, 483.. Aire. burghers of, refuse to receive Spaniards, 391. Aix [la Ghapelle], Aachen, blockade by Spanish and aotion, 76; mentioned, 310 (p. 305); representatives of, excluded from Diet of Augsburg, 383 (2>. 323). •Ahuidi Scott, Conte d'., See Irandi. Alarde, Alard, reference to pieocs belonging to ca«se of, 486; 'Alerde,' says that he can discover plofca against Elizabeth, 620; delivers papers to Cobham, 638. Alaredo, in Biscay. See Laredo. Alba, Captain of, sant to Erenoh court by Duke of Mantua, 4 (p. 3). Albanese, troops attacked by Williams, 118 (p. 117); ' Albernoyes,' brought to Bruges as accomplices of Sa'cedo, 220; attacked by enemy, 336. Albania, people fronij take part in festivities at Constantinople, 17S (p. 174). Albert V, Duie> of Bavaria, German gentleman oomes to French court to deal in affairs of, 36; retires froift Imperial Diet, 302 (j), 297). Albert JPrederiek Duke of Prussia, and Marquis of Brandenburg, ambassador from Duke of Cleves with, 438. Albon, Captain Jehan, from Talsis, ambassador to French Jong, 619. Alday, John, of Harwich, master of Em&nuel, his encounter with Il"!renoh man-ofwar, 6. Alem, Einir, created Aga of Janissaries, 178 (p. 177). Alemtara, Ooiaoiandery of, Pope allows King Philip to impose double tenths on, 478. n, Da&e of Berrara promisee to lend Monsieur money upon.cantion of certain rents in, 369. ., Dnfceoi. See JPrancis. Alessandria, Italian professing to oome from, visits Gobham, 179. Alessandrino, Cardinal ;• .tea Boaelli, Alelandre, —, captain in Freneh fleet for DOB, Antonio, 95, 116, •

540

GENEBAL

Alesindro, an Italian, twgaJaB in Sweden for ship*, 442. Alien, Pr, William faftenrarda Cardinal),, Italian books sent to, 33 (p. 80); Principal of College at Bheims, 66 (#• 57): (5ower brings letter froux, to Jesuits in Paris, 149. AUesa, US,, do, in command of comet of horse at Ghent, 180. Almsrin. Spanish King goes tOj with Empress, 66. Aloiwo, Spanish captain serving in States' army, betrays Lierre, 227; said to have been executed, 227 (p. 230); said to have been ransomed. 231J hanged by Prinoe of Parma, 487, 491. 50 tT fi02. Alost, Alst, Parma tills peasants in revenge for loss of, 14; 'Aholst,' reference to taking of, 30; Spanish enterprise fails qgniusi. 55; enemy thinks to retake, easily, 185; French and English troops go towards, 363,377; kept wholly by French and Walloons, 392; mentioned, 454; Monsieur sancis French into. 4B6; enemy likely to besiege, 462, 468; States* troops receive direction to go to, 470; English and French companies go towards, 473; enemy thonght to be going to besiege, 476 ; ISbrris's cavalry ufc, 477; enemy takes castles near, 437, 489; English horse not received in, 491; in danger through loss of Iiikerke,' 498 j enemy in neighbourhood of. 499, 514. Alostanus, Peter, btirgomasfcer. See Aelat, Alva, DueheBs of, letter o£ consolation to on death of Bnke, 6fi3, Alfa, Dvka of. See Toledo. Alvares, jJIelehior, Portuguese merchant, sigos bond to Captain Kennc, 453. .„..,.,., Peter, Portuguese merchant, signs bond to Captain Xenne, 452, Amadens, Gorat of Savoy, reference to, 5. Amiens, people of, put all strangers ottt of town, fewing treachery. 331 : Prince Bauohin»t,875. Anaafcro, Sanpar de, account of his debt to Venero, 46. «....,., , letter to, 43. Aiusehao, Anthoni, Colonel of Antwerp, 64g. Ancenfg, on the .Loire, Bon Antonio takes nost at, 498. ^ Afidalosia, eouapaniea of, departUig towards ffereeras, 113 ; navy gathering on coast of, 14& Afldrsda, Simon d', Portngne^ merehant, signs TSGWI to OaptaiaKBnnes 453. Aadress, one «f those who spoiled lU(p. 104). AngeD, Matt, to Cfeptatn Williams' uea, Meofes djM&jfguisdeBambtmiUet, 368the Order of Siiut Esprit, sent to of masAem, Ml (p. 434^ 45?. *?8; wtttras to 3SVancMs, 487/ 517, 6S&

INDEX. Angiers, Bishop of. See Buze, Angluro, Angluoar, 'Ainlee', Baron of [gy. Africair d'], said to be in. cbai-ge of German troops for Don Antonio, 383. Angoul6me, dncshy of assigned to Duchess of Chfttellerault, 188 Angra., in Teroera, 'Angras,' English pirate robs Portuguese ship at, 469. letters dated at, 107, 317, 322, 329, 330. Angus, Earl of. See Douglas, Archibald. Ailholt, on the Rhine, younger Baron of, born at, 416 (p. 407.H held by King of Spam. 438 (2). See Bronkhorst. ; ... Baron of. Anjon. Monsieur's forces advancing from region, of, 126 (p.126). Anjou, Dnke of. See Francis. Anne, Qoeea, sister to Duke of Cleves, 438. Anselme, Captain [Anselme Peyrussis]. men assembling near Geneva under, 5,186. Antonio, Don, prior of Crato, young L&nsao to go with army for, 4 (j», 4); affairs in Netherlands for shipping proceed slowly, 18 (p. 16); preparation of army in France for, gets along slowly, 31; ships for, go down river of Bordeaux for Brouage, 33 (p.$0); French navy said to hare been prepared for, may go to Scotland, 43; said to hare promise of help from Queen of Scots, 51 ; rumour of EVenoh army preparing to aid, 53 (p. 46;; reference to letter from, 59; young Iiansac wishes to go with army for, 62 (p, 52.); all things in good point for, in Tereeras 82(^.53); intends to see departure of 'arniy,*74 (j>. 67}; Madeira said to haffe rerolted in favour of, 74 (#,68); detains English pirates, 77 (p. 72); agent of, at the Blague, 85 (;p- 78); Huguenots think that French troops said to be collected for, are to he seat against them= 91;. state of French army raised for. 95; mentioned. 107; reference to proceedings of 'army 1 of, 113, 114 5 list of names in 'army' of, US; declarations published in !Setherlands by, 118 (.p. 121); French King calls council to consider enterprise of, 122 ; request for English soldiers, 1S3; Cobham thinks it doubtful if he will land in. Portugal, 136; leaves Tours and goes to sea, 137 {p. 134); preparationof fleet of, 143 (#.141); aid^ven to, by Queen Motor, 150 (p. 149); Elisabeth gives permission for ships to serve, W l ; Sing of Spain said to have no fear of, 175; Kenoh King refers to help given to, 179; help given to, from. EochelJe. 187; no mention made of claims of, in iodk touching titles of competitors fer Kingdom of Portugal, 193; news of landing of, in Portugal* 309 {p. 30S>; French enterprise on behalf of, 213- reference to aoramaads of tor& af Priry Coimoil touching eomwissions delivered forth by, 230;

GENERAL INDEX. Antonio, Don—floret. King 'Autoney,' said to be ifi Viaaa, 240; ambassador from, eomBs to Antwerp and Bruges, 2 4 3 ; said to have published declaration against King Philip in France, 247; fleet of, said to have taken St. Michael's, 260; report of rout of hie fleet, 265; said to bare gone to Madeira before battle of Azores, 266; ships ready in FJanders for service of, 387 {p. 280); L e t t e r ' s 'footman' hopes to repair to, 288 (p. 232); reference to victory of fleet of, over King of Spain's, 298; English ships, under pretext of serving, plunder Dutch merchants, 299; reference to defeat of, 300 ; defeat of, will work bitter effects in Low Countries, 302; news in Zealand of overthrow of, 3 0 3 ; no certain news irom, 307; reference to fleet of, 317; vassals of, under great obligation to Elizabeth, 3 2 9 ; mentioned, 330; sBccess of, would bring eomf ort to many in Low Countries, 335; mentioned, 330. S37 (p. 328); news of, diversely reported in Low Countries, 838; reference to new French fleet to aid. 343 (%). 834); reference to oourse taken by, in i'ranee, S4S (p. 339); Queen Mother sends news of defeat of, to Low Countries, 350; general command of French flisot for Azores held by, 353 (jp.345); comes to St..Michael's, 353 (p. 347); inhabitants of Azores surrender willingly to, 865: ships prepared for, in England. 308; said to be alive and well, 377 (p. 375;; Count Yimioso said t o have ' discovered= practices of, with other princes, 382; Count Yimioso the oooasion of his not leaguing himself with King of Spain, 383 (1); money oolned tiy at Tereera, 3 9 3 ; reference to speeches of Queen Mother to Cobham touching affairs of, 402; Duke of Kpernon buys diamond from, 423 (p, 415); mentioned, 446; banishes Jesuits from Tereera, 461; Spaniards hope to capture. 4 6 5 ; news of, 463; mentioned, 439; said to have embarked expedition against Madeira., 471: said to have caused Dnarte do Castro to be beheaded, 473 (jp. 460); goes towards Madeira, 480 (p. 471); protestations in name of, against Portuguese brought into England t>v Kenne, 481; German troops beinelevied to beembarfcedin France for. 486; said to bayelanded at BeHei'ale, 497; news of, 498; has sMret conference with Qneea Mother, 518; French, sovereigns not oemtentedisitn return of, from Teroerass 520; expected m Low Countries, 529; intends to go into Kandars, B3S (p. 5 2 6 ) ; 5% (cipher for?), Cobham visits, 5iO, ,, . . . . . „ . „ letters from, Il,<30, 322, Antonio, Caahieir to Afisetro, See Venero. Afitoyne, M. d', the More [gjr. Antonfe Mor, ion.], iu sommimd of cornet of &or se a t

feheafe, ISO,

541

Antwerp, Waisingham demands payinest Of sums due to Queen, from, 10; Doyley dealB with Harris's affairs in, 3 0 ; victual s :md munition sent to Ondenarde from, 30; Elizabeth intends to levy interest of, on townsmen of, 40; Elizabeth does not receive part payment from, 4 2 ; Yenero's debts in, 4 6 ; grant passed from Monsieur to merchants of, for incorporating them into a company, 67; mentioned, 6 9 ; nioney due to PaUavicino and Spinoln, demanded from, 8 0 ; mentioned, 119; Eoohepotcomes to, 135; 3£ng&«h troops stay for pay at, 142; magistrates at Bruges receive news of Monsieur's movements from, 147; munition wagons sent to Sorris from, 105; burgomasters of, 180 (p. 180); dn Plessis espeoted from, 181 (j>. 181); de Villiera at, 182; Prince of Epinoy governor at, 185; Williams comes to, 19] ; SainteAldegonde sent to, 220; news from, of capture of Itierre, 221; loss of Ipws troubles, 221; parcels of money made up in Paris for Monsienr in, 2 3 3 ; mentioned, 224; much perplexed by lose of Licrre 337 (p. 228); jnany families from neighbouring places withdraw into, 231 j enemy cornea to gates of-. 234 (J). 237) 5 Sainte-AIdegoaOe at, 2 3 5 ; SempUl obtains nioney at, 337 ; enemy within musket shot of, 237 (#341), 2 3 8 ; ambassador from Boa Antonio oomes to Bruges from, 3 4 3 ; Lesienr about to go to, 25S; French camp near 258; Sainte-Aldegonde at, 259; Count Hohenlohe comes to, 260; Monsiear determined to go to, 379,280j 281, 2S4. 294; many people leave, oa account of loss of Lierre, 2 S 8 ; mentioned, 308; Monsieur expected at, 3 0 4 ; States' troops in villages round about, 3 1 1 : Serle at, 315 {p. SOS) ; STorrrs waiting for troopB near, 319; Gitseon* arrive at, 386; Prince of Parma's physiciancapfcuredand brought to, 347: Pena writes concerning money to be paid him in, 380; Longsfcen sends letter to, 3 6 1 ; snoney %o lie paid to Monsieur at, hy Puke of Baron*. 869; Dutch, shippirfg from, email, 888; magistrates of, welcome Prince of Ohimay SS9; Bogers refers to MB letters sent to, 416 ; Eesicnr at, 437; Spanish agent 1n Paris does not wish Salcede'shead to beset dagate of, 441, ( y . 433H people of, tosh to snpptpss English merohxarts in, 4B3; OhsnimJlon goes towards, iti/S; Safnt-Buc aaM to havefeeehdefeated between Iiierre sai, 4 6 5 : inerehants of, regrot departwe of Merchafits Adveatarew, 474; ^tempi's jeeiment before. 487; GHpta sendB lettere to, 4 8 9 ; StBtes-Qenerftl meet &t, 489 {fi, 480); Monsieur send* genfcleme» frottii i» west Sreiwh nobles. 493; bead ar«E anus of Alonsto bitiied at, 501, S02; I^Mn. snscri^tim tt^cea to S, fiwrgB'a Qate at, ia Jiomur of Dake of ABJOU, SJS;

54'2

GENERAL

INDEX.

Arques, Anne d'~oo?it. governments . in Normandy to be bestowed on, 209 (p. 208)'; accompanies King to Anvergne, 248; to be present at meeting between King of Navarre, Conde and Montmorenoy 288 (p. 282j; ofFers to go as Admiral of new fleet against Spaniards, 343 (p. SM); mentioned, 396 (j>. 393); Arques goes to Marseilles and Lmguedoo, 396 (394); present at Salcedo's execution. 423 (p. 414); brings summary of complaints made by French against English, 423 (p. 416), 424 (p. 417); said to have sent letters to d'Aubigav, 508; to be created Knight of Order of Saint-Esprit, 518 (p. 509); visits Don Antonio, 640. , letter from, 211 (6). , Francois d', Cardinal de Joyeuso, brother of ahove, 443. , Georges d', Vieomte de Saint Didier, brother of above, proposed marriage of, with Glande de Morey, 457. , euiilaunie d', Sieur de Jovenee, father of above, hie son visits in Languedoo, 396 (#. 394); Joyeuse seeks to make up quarrel between Duke of Montmorenoy 113 (Kill)) and, 424 (p. 417). • Amies,' Chandea. See Eaus Chaadea. Arran, Earl of, See Stewart, James, Aquila [gj/. Aguilo-r], Heraando del, i n ' a r m y ' Arras, Blench troops make excursions against, forlerceras, 112. . j 118 (p, 118); enemy said to be making Amuleia, Patriarch of. jSeeGuietinianJ, Alvise. preparations at, to besiege Oambray, r 284; general, meeting of States of Aragon, Felix de, in ' a r m y ' for J?erceras, 113. Artois and Hainault at, 849; States Signor, wishes to visit England, 3S9. delay in answering demands of Prinoo Aragon, King of Spain breaks off hia intention of Parma at, 364. of going to, 480 (p. 471). „.,-Charles d', Dake of Terranova. to t o Artoia, Parma sends to towns of, for gunpowder, 53 (p. 46); enemy sends governor of Milan, 473 (p. 401), 494 oomets of horso into, US (p. 118); (i). 486); to be governor of MalMonsieur's raiters near, 126 {p. 126); contents, 527. mentioned, 143 (p. 139); French troops ArdaHa, Olaudio de, tilled in battle of the burn villages in, 160; French King . . AKOKB, 213. forbids victuals ftttd munitions to be Aremberg, Count of. See Kgny. sent into, from Calais, 284; Prince of Parma sends troops into, 822; Erenoh Argenlieu. See Hangest,. troops intend to enter, 328; general Aristotle, reference to Politics 1253a, 269. • meeting of States of, at Arras, 349; Arlettx, French horsemen a t , 118 (p. 118), towns of, disheartened by loss of Idlle, 14S<j>,139). 858 : States of, have not yet answered Armas, —, Captain in BVeneh flee!; for Don demands of Prince of Parma, 364; Antonio. 115. towns of, refuse t o taks in SjJMUsh Armentieres, people of, swear to be true to soldiers. 376; VilHers to conduct farces King of Spain, 9 6 ; 'exploit' upon, • from Cambray to, 377 (p. 376); Prince 118 (jr. 1 118); false report of capture of Parma retires from, 440; news of, 121. from. 4fi4; Prince of Parma sends for Arjaeville. See Httrtel. his army from, 403; people of, prefer Arnand, former servant to Hauvissiere, 48. Prince of Parma to a Spaniard as governor, 527; corn scarce in, 531. Arnault, — (French King's secretary), P a l lavicino wishes him. to help in hjs Asoanio, Gtiulio. Signor 'delli Onoti jjrjr.Onesfci] brother's release, 103. Bolounesi,' comes to Paris with Count Ottario liandi, 896 (p. 394), 401. Arnheim, ' Arnam,' in (Saelderland, 1 8 ; bad management between Count William Ascoafe, Don Or. Eonqntllo of [qtf. Prince of and men of, 5 5 ; Maas and Rhine Asooli], in Bon Antonio's foroe\ 112. defended b y people of, 315 (jp. 309); Asheby, Ashby, William, to take letters from held by Monsieur, 438 (2). Emperor to Elisabeth, 828; carries s, Anne &', Dulse of Joyeuse, one of Hie letters from Herle, 358; mentioned, 368; Kinpf'E minions, office of Admiral Visits Dnte of Gleves on behalf of Rogers, bestowed oit, i (p. 4), 62 (p. 5 2 ) ; all 416. sea-faring causes t o DB referred to, 1 7 3 ; ...., letter froffi, 316,

Antwerp—com. <• ' reference to departure of Merchants Adventurers from, 5 2 3 ; Brenoh nobles arrive at, 534; Blench encamp near, 529; French from Vilvorde and Brussels come to, 5 3 3 ; rumour of mutiny of people of, 6 3 8 ; magistrates of, 548 ; trade of Merohants Adventurers well understood at, 550. , letters and dispatches dated at, 9, 12, 15,16, 17, 18,22, 27, 28. 30, 81, 39, 44, 49, 55, 63, 68, 70, 80, 85, "93, 98, 99,100, 10!), 110, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 134,139, 143, 151, 157, 158, 159, 16S, 165,169,177, 180. 197, 199, 208, 216, 234, 260,271, 283, 302, 303,306, 311, 319. 327, 335, 336, 337, 838,345,346, 347,358, 359, 382, 363,374. 376, 377,581,387, 339, 390, 392, 394, 404, 405,406. 413, 414, 418, 422, 427, 431,432, 439, 445, 450,455, 456 r 460, 462, 470, 473, 477, 487, 491, 492,499, 500, 501, 502, 605,506. 512, 513, 514, 623, 524, 525, 536, 528, 529, 530, 533, 536. Apulia, companies to be nlaeed alone; coast of,

GENEBAL AshetoD, Dr., 483 (-p. 476). Aspre, Baron of, sent from Empress to Beine Blanche of Francs, 618 (p 509). Asaa. Pasha, son of Mehemet Pasha, 178 (•$. 176). Asaenville, Baron, of, gent by Duke of Lorraine to Erench King, 896 (j>. 392j. • ' Asshffeld,' Captain, servant of Earl of Warwick, does -valiantly in encounter before Ghent, 302 Q>. 296). Asson, John, miiintr, statement of. respecting the Mmanuel,' 8. Aatell,- Amsfcell(?), Harry, Captain, Herle persuades to serve under Morgan rather than Norris,-227 (p. 229); comes to Antwerp, 377 (-p. 375); Xorris writes recommending, 413; mentioned, 428. , , letter from, 278. Aston, Boger, oomes to Antwerp with Goodriche, 143 (p. 141). Ath, ' Athen,' in DTainault, States' troop attempt to take, 374. Atkinson, (?) David, ' Acquinston,' Queen's officer, Jlauvissifo-e. wishes to execute commission of French merchants. 430. Attigny, on frontier of Champagne, Swiss and ratters assembling at, 15, ' Aubigny, Baron d\ See Lens. , , Count d'. Sec Stuart, Esme. Andry (? Francis), brings letters to dea Ouches fi-om Walsingham, 174, Augsburg, reference to Diet at, 12, 80, S9, 110; DuPlessisto represent Monsieur at, 118 (p. 120); Emperor and pringes delay in going to, 126 (p. 126); Da Plessis and Duke of Bonillon travel to, 139; to have ' hia ' course, 143 (p. 140); Diet.sfc, said to be deferred, 152; mentioned, 175, 179; articles propounded and laid forth at, 198; Du Piessis to refer to Saloedo's plot at, 308; du Piessis and Duke of Bouillon about to start for, 205; reference to articles read at, 209 {p. 209)t debate at, as to whether it be good for Monsieur to be in Low Countries, 237 (jp. 241); reference to Gilpin's proceedings at, 241; M. du Plessis takes instructions from French Court for hie journey to, 243- Mnsoovite ambassador to repair to. 266 ; Diet at, 302 (p. 297), 310; Duke Casimir charges his ambassadors at, to solicit Eogers* release, 812:, mentioned, 316; letters from, 3 2 3 ; news from, 333 {p. 323); Count of Menrs goes to Diet at, S58; Rogers complains of his capture while on hia way to, 366; Gilpin at, 888; news from, sent by Gilpin, 427; Earl of Arenberg ambassador from King of Spain at, 438; reference tc Gf-ilpin's journey to, 453; Diet a t an end, 468; Qilpin refers to his being at, 489; Confession of, Bishop of Cologne wishes to introduce, 499. letters dated at, 490 (1), 490 (2). Anmale, Dake of, See Lorraine, Charles of.

INDEX.

548

Aumont, Jean d', Marshal of Eranoe, accompanies Swisa ambassadors to Paris, 494, Au/merque, M. d', referenoe to news from, 126. Aurat, Paul, secretary of merchants in Antwerp. 67, 9 3 ; speaks with Longston about debt due to Elizabeth from States, 133; goes to council of State at Bruges, 158; reference to letter from, 388. Austria, Albert of, Cardinal, to govern Portugal, 472 (p. 460). , Charles, Archduke of, commands Protestants to depart out of his territories, 518 (p. 510). , Elizabeth of, widow-of Charles IX of France, ' L a Bane Blanche' King of Spain seeks to marry, 497.. 518 (p. 609). , Eraestus, Archduke of, brother of Emperor, report of marriage of, with • daughter of Spain, 480 (p. 471). , Don John of, reference to peace between'States and, 431. a Matthias, Archduke of, hrother of Emperor Uudolf, at Augsburg, 310. , Maximilian, Archduke of, at Augsburg, 310. Austria, House of, reference to alliance of Princes of Italy -with, 62 (p. 62) ; four electors join together to counteract, 175 ; Spanish King thought not to be willing for his daughters to marry anyone exoept one of, 348 (p. 888) ; Bishop of Cologne gives those of, something to think about, 637. Auvergne, gentlemen of, olfer themselves for enterprise of Geneva, 150 (j>. 150); Blench king goes to, £48. Anxf, Breaoh troops to pass through, 143 (p 139) ; ' Osye', token by enemy, 414. Avalog, Alfonso d', Marquis of Peseara, also oalleS Marquis del Gfnaato or Vasto, said t o have been captured near AigaesStottes, 443, 467; to go from Spain to Italy, 468; may be exchanged for la None, 483. • Ayantigny, — d' ' Daventiny,' comes to l o w Countries wltbErenoh army, 493. ' A v e r n i e / r . See LaYergne, Avers, Duke of Alva'B son reoeivBs govetfa> nient of, 478. Avesnes, Statement of pay o f garrison of, 328. Avignon, Bishop 01 Boss goes to, 8 7 ; M, de Maisse advises Queen mother 60 send troops for defence or, 106 (p. 103); Anselme comes from, 185. Avila, Don Sancno d', 'distress' suffered by, in Africa, 113 (p. 111). Ayamonte, 6 (p. 7), 'Aymon' [3^. Egntont],. regiments of, at Dunkirk, 175. Azores, the, battle of, 213, 348, 365,266,268, 286,287, 288, 303,307,330, 838,840; account of battle of, 353, 365; reference to Don Antonio's intention to take, 343; referenoe to Don Antonio's last voyage to, 540.

GENEEAL

5U

B Bacan. Alvaro, Marquis of Santa Crass, oouimanded to keep coast of Galicia and port of Lisbon. 36; in command of fleet for Tereeras, 112; to defend eoasfc of Gaiioia. 114; captain-general of Spanish King's array for enterprise of Teroeras, 148; sends report of battle between French and Spaniards to King Philip, 213; causes French prisoners to T>e put to death after tottle of Azores, 840; French King much moved with cruel dealing of, towards French" prisoners, S4S (p. 334); mentioned, 348 (j>. 339); dispatches from King of Spain to, captured by French fleet, 35S [p. S47); Sferozzi defeated by, 365; testifies to Strozzi's valour, ib.; reference to discourse of victory of, 441 (p. 435); to govern Portugal, 473 (p. 460); ST. de Fois laments oraelty of, towards French, 494 (p. 486), .Pedro, son of above, in *army' for TeroeraB, 112. Baohalla in Turkey, taken by Persians, 338. Baden (Switzerland), Swiss assemble Diet at, 71,103, 209 (#. 308); assembly to be held at.810 (p. 305), 423 (p. 415), 468. Bivvnionci, bearer of letter from Mauvissiere toWalsingham, 384. See Buia-monti. Bailleul, JBailbii,' Bealle/ enemy near, 160; 'Bell,' sacked by enemy, 235; enemy s camp near, 234, S21. Bator, William, trumpeter in States army, 263. Balagny. See Monlue. Balionr, Sir James, said to have beBn restored to Scottish King's favour, 370. Ballansots, 'Bullodue,* Captain de, brother to jVUtrquis Yarambon, commander of Burgundian horse, alleges himself to be Montigny in battle with. States near Eerghes; 217, 219. Balsac d'Anfcragues ("Francis?) d^ captain in t i e King'* guard, sends dispatches to Sootlani, .Tt{j>. 88). . Bandini, Mario, Floretttmemerohaiititt Lyons, money m hands of, offered, to Binhon of Glasgow, 441 (p. 434). Banister, John, in Williams' company, 363. Banning, Paul, English merchant in Venice. 295. ' B»paume, conspiracy of priests at, S 3 I ; people ol, try to take Gorbie, 349; Monsieur's French army aaid to b& beside, 454,463. Baquevflle. See Mantel, Nicolas. BsAwy, English prifioners in, 77 (2>. 73). Uiroelona, troops coming from, for Loir Ootmtries, 99.

INDEX. Bari, 'Barry,'. Daohy of, King of Sweden claims, by right of his wifs, 442. Barker, John, takes message from Norris to Monsieur, 165. Barnes, Aldeniwn, Maurissiere requests Walsifigbam to write to, on bohalf of TTrenon inerohants, 884 Barro, — de la, 'Bar', oourtiei- of Monsieur, joins English pikemen before Ghent, 802 (p. 296); in fa.vour withMoasieoi', nses Norris with great courtesy, 428. BarriDgton, Henry, Cobham'a couain, 498, 610. Barwiek, Benedict, Cobham's SBrTant, 267 ; reference to capture of, at Nampont, 484. Bassliers, Jan, Eschevin of Antwerp, 548. Bastille, the, Salcedobrought to, 396 (p. 392); Saloedo removed from, 423 ; horsemen of Duke of Guise let out from ' St. Anthony's gate ' beside, 441. Basurto, Pedro de, reference to his • debt to Martinez and Zubiaar, 45 f p. 40). Baterabnrg, Battenburg, • Battenbargh,' Lady oS, Oolonel Stewart about to visit, 18 (p. 17); Stewart will shortly marry, 5 5 ; Stewart's visit to, postponed, 118 • (p. 120); Stewart to marry, 126
GENERAL Bealc, Robert, Olerk of Privy Council, 2 ; Qneen of Soota commends, 4 7 ; mentioned, 389, Endorsements etc. by, 386, 400, 401, 417, 434, 443, 486, 539 (andper]iaps $oms assigned toL, Gave). Beaton (Beton, Belhnne), —, brother to BiBhop of Glasgow, message sent from Queen of Scots to Mauyissiere by, 218. Archibald, seeonfl eouain to the following, gone with a ' malicious message'to Scotland, 310.. , James, Arohbishop of Glasgow, Scottish ambassador in Franco, reference to letters from, 13; sends dispatches to Scotland, 74 {p. 68); mentioned, 150 (p. 161); kinsman of, takes letters to Sootland from Duke of Gfuise,. 210 • news from, 250; said to have practised the betraying of Lferre, MS (p. 339) ; anpposad to have been giving sinister information againat Protestaat lords of Scotland, 36S (p. 367); mentioned, 369; presses Queen Mother to deal in favour of d'Au'aigny. 396 (p. 392); news from, 397 (v. 395); sends dispatches into Italy and Spain, 401; utters many lamentations at ifrenoh court, 423 (p. 414); sends letters to Pope, 434; nuncio offers money to, 441 : (p. 484) ; mentioned, 444; • receives news • from Scotland, 472 (p. 461); sends money to d'Aabigny, 482; receives letters from England, 498; reference to letters from Queen of Scots to, 508; Dominican friar leaves letters with,5S8, Beaumont, Jean fte, lieutenant in Brissao'e company, 95,115; his lieutenant killed in battle of Azores, 215; his encounter with Spanish gallions, 268; Captures . Biscayan vessels. 353 (p. 347); Strozzi goes on board ship of, 6a fight, 363 (p. 349); his death (p. 363). , M. de, a religions, living at Tonqnea, furnishes Aemeyille's ship with victuals.. 211 (e). Beaumont, troops nuuroh from. Artoia byway of, 118 {p. 118). } ? Beaune, Eenaudde, Bishop of Meade, -wishes to become JVfonaieur'B chancellor, 442, Beausonoles, Oharles 3ts, Sienr de Sigogne, governor of Dieppe, Breneh ting writes to, on behalf of Caaeie, 344; reference to death of, 465. Beawaie-Hangis, 'Beiravais Langi.' See Briehanteau. Beauvillier, Claude de, Count of Ssint-Ajgnan, acoompanies Frenoh army to Low Countries, 493; arrives at Antwerp, F 614. : Bsokues, IhOmaB, Englfsk mevohant at Eouea, signs petition, 3 i l . Beeok, 'Baech,' near Xantea, enemy crosses Bhineat, 347. Beken, Kiierry van der, military treaantergeneral for States, Williams' company to bfe paid by, 263. * Belelttc' (g#i Bois-Ie-duc), on the Ma&s, held for Mng of Spain, 438 (2).

INDEX.

545

Belgard, M, de, Dote of Savoy's , confers with Princess of Havivrre, 348 (p. 339); ' BBlkgard,' sent by Dnie of Savoy to King of Sfavarre, 424 (p. 417). Ballegai-do. See Saint Lary. Belle Isle, English ships at, 4 (p. i); ITrench nayy at, 62 (p. 53); Sfcroazi arrives at, 74 (p. 67); ships for Don Antonio said to be at, 86 l,p, 78); £eet for Don Antonio aaila from, 95, H i , 116,353; 3Jon Antonio said to have landed at, 497,498. . Bellievre, Jean de, Sieur de Hatiltefort, PiBsideut, brother of following, Stench King doss good offices to (Senava through negotiation o£, 113; returns from Switzerland witii nothing concluded, 122; present at assembly of Swiss at Solothnrn, B10 ($>. 803); returns from Switeerland, 348 {p. 338), 433 (p. 415); accompanies Swiss ambassadors to Paria, 494. , Pomponne de, Secretary of State, to be' sent to Monsieur, 37, 5S (p, 46), 55; Low Ooontries prepare to receive him honourably, 77 (p. 72); Ereneh king's promises to States to bs executed through return of, 79; leaves Antwerp, 85 (p. 81); has private access to king, 86; gives oat that French king ia drilling to perform all that Elizabeth wishes to farther marriage, 101 ;• sent to Bjron, urging him to aia Monsieur, 102 (p. 99);. sends word that the king will do »I1 h e w n to help Sfoosieur, 110, 113 (p. I l l ) ; mentioned, 150 (p. lfil); to pay Swiss troops for Monsieur, 209 (p. 208); reference to journey of, 1 to Monsieur, 214, 235, 'Beaulievre, 226; said to have gone to Monsieur to procure treaty of accord with King Philip, 230; arrives at Bruges, 335, 243; to hear Salcedo's confession, 249; goea to Ghent, 269; leaves Ghent with Ssilcedo, 273, 283; daily exported to return to Paria, 287; eomes to F-*eneb. Gonrt, 288 (p. 282)} mentioned, 300; Saleedo sent into IVance with, 304; start to French ting, 307; brings commission from Erench king to Biron, to take command under Prinea Dauphin, 343; mentioned, 436 (2); complains .of Oottem, 4M; Swiss ambassadors feasted by, 494; nominated to be of king's new Council, • . 4U (p. 485), . Bsne, Alfonso del, Abate, to go into Slanders, 33 (p. 30); news from, Sl ; 225; Abate JJeliene, 441. , Captain Tommaao (Masino) de], to go into Flanders, 33 lp. 30); reference i<> lettersfrom, 61, 88,1QS, 276', leference to letters to, 264. .„.,...., lettersfeom, 5,37,102, 326,275,444, 613, 520. Berehem, near Antwerp, inhabitanta of, oommaiiSed to reiura to their own houses, 234 (p. 288); 'Barkam.,' inhaj>itaiste * oi, piromiae not to ttSsieak enemy, 237 (#.241).

3M

INDEX.

548 Bergamo(Iiomlsrdy),SpnmsbiKing 'practices' to take, 266. Berge,-—la, captain, in Etenoh fleet for Don Antonio, 115. Bergoa, Bergh», Graf van. Sea Wittihera, Jean So. Bevgen-op-Zo&m, Bergps, companies of Flemings and Boots enter, 9, S I ; Spanish enterprise against, foils, 55, 110; 'Bergen, Upsone, 'Barrawgh, 1 Iia Garde's regiment goes to, 210; Irenoh soldiers pWett Is, SSSf 'Barrow,' fetusfe o£ merohaafei adventurers well. uiKferstood nt, BSO, Sea fe B&rguesSwJnfcWynoe, B S J f c W , 2 2 2 , 2 8 1 ; Ifctiktnforow tu join teoopn of, 3 3 5 ; akitMMhfc o£ pay of coiiiittaios ttmtor, 3 ^ 8 ; enauiy t m t o , otomss Ehin»ne»r Santen, 34T, 830 j v&Qg enemy M O R S liofihem, ffl$; * Bbntpgo,' taordiitig towards Colopc. Motsnfe de, Sdgneur flo lloyoia, flCHt of pay o£ commMto undwf

3K8,

Benrist, forces from, to repair into Ireland, Betnncort, Bmncia de, Sortwgae^ m r o h signs l a n d t » OaptninKenne, 462. , „ . . . .,„ Henry de, SortagnesB mwckint, signs fcond t« Cnptfliii KeDju, 463. „ , Vital de, Boriugoefie nwwliBRfe, signs bond to Captsia Keane, 48S. Beatterfeh, B^utiftcfc, Dr. P e t e , counsellor of Enfce John Cftsimfr, refewnoe to aews from, 152; hus beoa muOBg Swiss Caataas, 434. Bas, Bee, Sean do, t,*vkeB lotter to Walstegbam fro» ffioollys, 280 (i?, %IU}tiod

SOS.

Biaaw,SOS Bl Oakc( SpaMi»Ii merehant I»lttn
in Paria for of

Ba»6 de, ttordiiml, Ohaneelter of , Qnoen of Kavarra takes pos* of h a w s of. " 8 7 ; examinee &tleeflo» SWs news of wBeEfiy of M»rauis of b'imtti GnK towards S'reneii

Mug's 488).

to

. „ . , Mtor&oiu, 1S6. Biro»i, M. He. free Oontaat, Aimuiad ilo, Biscay, Strozsi's IBBM mvuga «ftuntiy of, 2 9 ; mentioned, 289j King of S p i n orders s h i p to bo TsuiH in, 4T1,4f3 (j». 400). Bisenynm, ttk Ss. Miehaol's nmiare fur sli^gc,

Berne, icxem sent firom, to tfefenfl <SeBew, 4 (p. 3), B, 37 t peopla of, wish to b w e . CJateva tinder their jiwKBefilon, C2 (y. 5 3 ) ; reference to league of Geneva «i£h» ? 3 ^p, (54); people of, inoroase Bivonf?) the, Stinca of Ohiiraiy disemtete garrisontf on frontiers, 80 ; people* of, seize lia,iliwic!tsa£ Genevft, 0 1 ; Freuei at, for Autwerj*. D80, king alloWB holy to ijaKBiitoCtensva Blawri, Bietso, referwaee to letter froia, S 8 ; from, 102 j people of, proteai; to B u i * l $efaro Beaari,1 ref<*mes to letter from. of Savoy about losa a&<& damage into , OS Wh g h i h fl hare been bt(m$xi, 225 ; , letters from, 231, SS8,260, 847, 864, o qf, present at assembly at 874,389 f 405,446, 513, SIM, S2& S o a e f e i , 310 (jp. SOS); p o p l e of, awjyj •Blftc&efatrrOB,1 Itortl ot, brother lay down their aatos, 3SS (p. 834); to hi&y VtmfixnxBb, oottes to Faris, peoplo of, nnske difficulty to admit the 465, *fS (|i. 461). litiie Cantons into fheiv nsraiwiat-ioii, Sr»2; l'efereEee to meeting Itetweoc Blackness, d'Aubiguy fe> giVB ap fortreas of, Dnlt© of iSaToy and pwple of, 4 ^ ; 320. Count Moniaseal sesks Krcneh king's Blanck, John, mariner, note of spoils tafcn fovous for sjpessiag o£ people of, 5S). from, by French pirates, 543. Blaye, gOTsmment of, to begitento ISaUgaon, -Berry. MmedaSIauvigiiioro does not eipect to instead ot Lansae, 8S, h&Y& EIi3fltief.li as Amhess in, 433. Sloemaxi, Botowioi, eselmiit of Antwerp, Barton, Xonis da, Sienr do Grillon,

m,

, Stenott Coert at> S3 Cf, 29),

INDEX, Bloys, William van, Sieur du ffrestang (Trdon), Admiral of Zealand, Governor of Dunkirk, refuses to lodge aew men in. the town, 337 (}>. 223); said to be, disaontented with branch, 893; •wishes to bring Flemings into Dunkirk, SSI, 3j 58<J.

Btyenb6ek, in ©uelderlancL Bogers fears he may be deliTered into hands of people of, 194 (#, 194), 416 (jp, 407); States' forces repair to Castle of, 438; h&ld for JSag of Spaia, 438 (3). BOBS, Jorge de, killed ia battle ofi the Azores, Bobadillit, Bovadirfia, Sraneiseo de, eonissanies of, 11% 148. Uoehararfc, Jan., esoltevln of roper beneb. ia Slient, 284. Boeketel, J«ume de, wife of ML de Manviwiwe, 13; wjqiwssts that Nioolsoa may be released, 4 7 ; mentioned, 05, 8 9 ; Letter from, 433. Bockholt, 'Baekehaurb,' house between Lierre and Antwerp, JJranch at, attacked by enemy, 386, ' Bouehoufc,' 837 (#. 338). Bodenhim, William, 2ubiaur sends letter to Walsinghauiny, 285. Bodley, ; treasurer to Merchants Adventurers in Antwerp, 877 (p. 876). e, Sandy, brother to Scottish king's porter, takes dispatches from Slrance to S e o t a a , H {f, 68), pioneers from, join Parnm's armr, 14S(£. 139); troops mi& to to levied mf or serTJceagi^nstihu-i:, 180 (p. 180); 3?armn e j e c t s pioneers from, 252, Bols de VineBtinea, 'Vinoeat,* SaJoedo to be imprisoned ot, 288 (p. 3S3); Queen Mother b(tB uonfereaue with Salcecto ot, SO?} windo-«ra of, to be blocked up t S48 (i). 340); King visits Mdb&o at, 800 (p. 892). o, Bollduoi, enterpriseftgaimifc,118 (p. 118); reoeivea a garrison, 205; mentioned, SS8, 533 ; 'Beleluc,' held for King of Spain, 438 (2); Monsieur's forces assembled to blociado,.535. See ' H t b b jr, Queen Slather at house of, 309, BolanW, 'JSollonese,' 3Vt. de, capbiin of eoiwpagnies A'Otdonnwaot of Prfnos of Mpinoy, 180; moneyftir Prince of Parma paid to, 518 ( p . 518), Bologna, Count from, comes to 'Sash, 401. {Set AftiNOiiit.)

JBolognt, M. de, a Bur^andiaa, a ureiiture of Qtstmelte's, BBSK to sow division between Oounts of Kinbtten; goes to Seotl«aia from King of Spain, 358, l 'BoiuhyUe,* Boumen, near St. Bernard's, States" camp passed to, 302 (JJ.297),S0G; told by Monsieur, 48&<2), Bonoompagni, Jacorao.Dafcs of Sora, death of son of, 423(^.416). Bonelli, Michele, 'Cardinal Alessaadrloo,' TisitB Date of Saroy, in orcier to for•vrard entetpriBO againai denevft, 113

(|>- 111).

547

Bonn, Provincial Diet sumonnoed^t, 524. Bonniyet, H . de. See ©ouffler. Boroht, Bnreh, Frederick Vancier, M, de 'Bourghe,' governor of Oudeuarde, writes to Four Membera of Haulers that lie does not fear enemy. 29; to be allowed to depart from the town, 140 ; compelled to deliver up Ondeaarde to Parma. 148; comes to Giant. 148 (2>. Ul% 146. Borda, ^tienne de, Marichal-dt-cmiep in away for "Don Antonio. 95, 11^ ; action of, in battle of Asores. 353 {p. S46); present at eouceil Ibefore battle of Azores, S54 ( JJ. 348). Bordeaux, nows from 4 (p. 4), 20; Monsienr's ravertue from, ITS ; letters from, 248; English merobants will not find credit u£, owing to 3otenfcion of wine from, in London CnstomH, 291. j Antonio, killedin battle off the Azores,

S I S Iq V

&

}

Borge, — la, captain in army lorDon Antonio 95, See Bsrge, tj 'Berganhooth/ near Antirwpj ensigns of States at. 311; * Burgherhawt," Snglish, Sreneh »n3 Soots at, 819; 'Bnbginhault.'SSO; KngUahBompiaiiies at, 836, 387 (jp. 327), 350; • Burgauhoth,' S9O.41S; French troops go to, 414, 428; English resmsent at, 477,487. Boiia, &eronimo de, son to Date of €randift, 113. Borne, John, persuades Lord Chancellor not to set ZnMamr free. 511. Borromep. Obarles, Cardinal, YMHB Duke of Swoy, 113 ($. I l l ) ; said to be arranging maifriage between Duke of gavoy and Spanish princess, 348 (p. S3S;; to cotne to Paris, 472 (p. 461); chief of Pope's new Council, 4&i (p. 486). Bosnia, people from, take part in festivities at 0 t t i lp M Botelho, 'Botielo,'Die^o de, SngHsli ships eondneteti by, at Belle Tsle,, 5 (j». 4 ) ; 'Botiglia,' nephew of, eomes to Cttonae, 498; with Don Anioaio in, Paris, 540, , letter from, 317. Bothwell, 3SwI. See Eraneis Stewart. BoWph Lnsie, Poptah books oonBigned to shop in.forffardfid by HerohanJs Adventurers to Walsingham, S2. Bouchftfai, said to have yielded to Ijlonsienr, 4&; goveraor of, delivers town to men of Oambrfly for Monsieur's ass, S3 (j>. 45); leferenow to ^oyelltes" fi^lare against, 85 (j». 80); Kdd to be at Moaaeurt dewtitti, 120 (p. 136), 169. Bondioa, —, Hlled in battle off &e AZOME, 213» Bouillon, DuSss of. See Marok. Boulogne, JTrefleh King's dealings with Flemish fugitives &t, 29; some or M. de (Jtrise's household cross to England from, 91; mentioned, IIS . SSO); Doai Antonio appoints h t a^end on Mm aearf CIS.

548

INDEX.

Bourbon—cont tax on salt in Laugnedoo to, 348 (p. 340); goes into Langueduo, 482; hopes to effect an exchange for la Koue, 483 ; . said to be going to marry Tremouille's sister, 538. , Louis de, Dnke of Montpensier, Prince of Orange sends one of his daughters to, 126 (p. 127); duehy of Chatellerault given to, 188; gives up government of Britanny, 209; Monsieur urges, not to depart from his government, 349; earnestly affected to Monsieur's cause, 287 ; godfather to Duke of Guise's son, 288 (p. 282); governs Britaony, 323 ; said to be going to yield up government of Britanny to Duke of MerooBUr, S4S (p. 334) j very ill, 348 {p. 340), 352; "goods' of, reference to, 300. -Iraioy, declaration signed at, 318; 'Bourbonnensi,' 248; French king to meet yonng queen at,387, 288 (p. 381). Boorbonuais [qy. Bonrbonne-les-bains] StenelT king wishes qaeen to take baths ' at,' 86; young queen goes to baths at, 309. Bourbon-Vendome, Charles de> Cardinal of Boni'bon, Gnise said to be going to visit, 9 1 ; mentioned, 150 (p. 151), 348(n.S39); governed by 'Metuingvil.' 424:; plot of 9-uises told to, 441; goes bo Normandy, to hold Provincial Council, 465 ; Grey discourses to, 494 (p. 485); to be in King's new council, (485) Bourbonrg, French and English forces meet with enemy near, 154, 160. Bourdelles, aieur de. See Fnmee. Bourdin, — de'' nephew to Pinart' [sic; but really cousin to Bruiart], sent by Brench Kingto Dsike of Sawy, US. Boiirdoul, Adrian, Colonel of Antwerp, 548, Bourgos [Cher]. Jackson gent with dispatch to, 1S8; plague at, 33S (p, 324). ' Bonrgho,' M. de. See Boroht. Bounionville, Oudard de (Count of Hennin) Baron de Capres, Governor of Arras, tries to bring Spaniards in Arraa 864 ; ill, 478. Bours", M. de. See Koyelles. Bovnon, Rons, killed in battle off the Azores, 218. Bowdler, Bichard, deputy of merchants Adventurers, 22. • „. , PrafijoiB do,Ma,rqufa of Conti, brother of following, at f east given by Bishop of Bowes, Sir Jerome, reference to conference to be had between' Oobham and, 8, 510. „...„.„ Hcray &>, Prince- o5 GonSI, expected , Bobert, Treasurer of Berwick, sentby at Anftwerp, 9; Monsieur does not Blizabeth into SootUnd, 398, 357 feire presence of, 63 (p, 63); said to (p. 354). be eoming to Low Oountries, 86,135; Bowsge, tloshua, master of boatfattingPapists Sngnenote trisk Princess of B5acn to. from Dieppe, 15. inawfy, 173; will repair into Ctasaoay, 230; goes to Bordeaux, 24S; appoints Boyfe, - v 114 (#. 114). a meeting with. King of Hayatris and Brabant, Btsgltaa troops not to be assembled. in, without permission of Estates or Bafo of Stontaoreney, 288 {$, 289); SfoinberSjSSj magistrates of, get ready »fe Sain* J«aa d'Angofy* 809; confers the interest oa Elizilieth's loan, 40; uriQi llcmimoreaey to Langoedoa, S4S preparation of troops in, 100; enemy's " i&, SS&>; "Botahtm (CooflA) Kiag gnmte fo«» on fee road to, 110; Bailors threaten Ohnnoellm: of, 110 ('p. 107)

Btmlonuois, French troops to pass through, 148 (p. 189), 384,463: ' Boumen. See Bommel. Boorbon, Charles de, brother to OondS, takes deacon's orders, 30 (p. SO); to be ' created cardinal, 442; at foast given by bishop of Paris to Swiss ambassador*, 494 (p. 484). Charlotte de, Princess of Orange, sister of following, her death, 9; her funeral, 17; reference to death ofs 18; her funeral, 30, 31. , Ecan^ois de, Prince Paaphin of ' Auvergne (later J)uke of UontpensiBr), to be Monsieur's lieutenant-general, 62 (p. 68); preparing levies for Monsieur, 86; expectation of horsemen for Low Countries under conduct of, 93; forces of, on frontiers before Gravelines, 100; continues preparations for levying companies, 118 (j>. Ill); desires to nwry one of Prince of Orange's daughters, 126 (#. 127); report that he -trill nofe go to Flanders, 182; looked for afc Dankirk, 164, 175; horse coming to Low Countries under conduct of, • 181 (p. 182); Baid not to be coming to IJOW Countries, 186; Srenob. King wishes him to repair to Monsieur, 209 (p, .208); advancing slowly towards Low Countries, 214; asing all possible diligence iu levying troops for Monsieur, 226; will come to Low Countries if the King bid him, 227 O>. 228); saia to be on frontier, 234 (p> 237); marches slowly in Sionsiomr's affairs, 249; in Paris, 268; hopes soon to go to Handera, 387, 288 (p. 281); supplies bis father's place at christening of Dolce of Guise's son, 288 {.p. 282); no farther news of, in Low Countries, 302 (p. 296); 'P. Bolphince,' ramonr of bis coming to Low Countries, 300; still in Paris, 809; repairs to his troops in Piearfly, 333; *P. Dolphinouy,1 said to tie coming to Iiow Countries at once, 335; Biron likely to go with, 331, 343, 348; goes to his father, 362; Biron to go with army of, 889; at Amiens, 375; ready to come info Flanders, 478; near Cteavelines, 487; at Bruges, 492,493; due to arrive at Antwerp,- 499, 600, ' 502; feasted at Bruges, 604; expected at Antwerp, 613, 514; arrives at Antwerp, 531; feasted in Shant. 527,

OEKEBAL Brabant—emit. States of, present Monsieur with benevolence, 121; captains of horse at Ghent, ]80; order given for contingent of, to furnish part of debt due to Pallaricino and SpinoU, 197; Monsieur gives ' banquet' t.o States of, 204; reference to revolt of, from King of Spain, 209 (jp. 209;; Franoh ensigns to go to, 219; La Garde's regiment goes to, 221; enemy said to'be mating camp in, 236, 236; tales of enemy's prevailing in, 243; Monsieur puts soldiers into towns in, 2S8; States' camp to lie in, 259; Merchants Adventurers hare no authority to send English minister out of, 371; Monsieur's troops thought to be going to 279; c:tinp removes from Dunkirk to, 280 (p, 272), 283, 284;war thought to be ooming into, 300; States' troops marching into, 302 (p. 296), 3.04; English merchants relieve poor in, 319; Norris goes through, 320; Statement of monthly pay of Spanish force in, 328, Monsieur'B forces to follow enemy if they march towards, 383; Forxis's troops to come Into, 376; Monsieur's troops engaged upon enterprise in, 3S9; Scottish companies sent into, 391; enemy goes into, 392; States' • troops in distress in, 304 (p. S88); enemy retires into, 439, 440, 473 475; French troops march into, 489; promises to furnish money for army, 499; States' army may go into, 600. Brabant, Dais of. •. See 3?r»neis, Duke of Anjon. Braganza, Catherine, Dacliees of, Dona „ Gaterina, Gtiraldi's ' son visits, 399 ; sends gentleman to Duke of Savoy, 423 (p. 415). ......,.., John, Bale of, oldest son of, to marry Emperor a youngest sister, 309 (p, 208); Qiraldi's son Tisits, 399; King of Spain said to be going to marry daughter of, 518 (p. 509). Bftune, —, captain in 'army' for Don Antonio, 95,116. Brandenburg, Elector of. See John George. Brazil, cases of sugar presentsd to oompany of JBunamuef by Portuguese, 6; Kenaa robs Portuguese vessel bound for, 469, Breda, reference to Priuee of Orange's loss of, 9; failure of State's enterprise against, 234 (p. 237); SempUl tries to rain Count Hollodk, by giving him hopes of getting, 238; JBrydotb.e,' Morris'stroops pass through, 320, 337 (p. 327); mentioned, 538; Monsieur's forces assembled to blockade, 535. Bredeforde, Brewoi't, on the Rhine, Sehenck's friends contract with Drosfc and Kittmeister Of, for detention of Bogers, as security far Sohenok's ransom, 194 •• (#,194); (Bradford,'Bogers detained ' for oharges made at, 866; 'Brovoirde,' held by King of-Spain, 438 (2). ...,....., letter dated aJ, 194.

INDEX.

549

Brereton, alias Watts, William, Jesuit, letter, sent to, 286. Bresse, La, Italian foot eaid to be going into, 122. Brest, fleet said to be assembling at, for Scotland, 51; Mauvissierewish.es ships of, to be restored, 8.2, 166. Breteuil near Amiens, French captains with Prince Dauphin at, 848 (p. 338). Breton, M\ Ie Chevalier, under arrest, 65, 70; not allowed to come to Court, 110; Dnke of Savoy wishes to win to his devotion, 153; joins in skirmish before Ghent, 302 (#. 296); comes to Paris, 467; Queen Mother has secret conference with, 478; returns to France, 514. Thomas, in Williame' oompany, 263. Bretons, request Walsingham to help them recover their ship, 166; ship taken by English, 108,; Knoilys refers to his action with, 280, Brevedent, Oaptain,of Count Brissae's division, action of, at battle off Azores, 353 [p. 361). Brevet, Captain, le,. a Provencal, to be la Ch&tce'B lieutenant in expedition to Teroerae, 472 {p. 460). Briehanteau., Antoine de, Sieur de BeavaisHangis, former Oaptain <sl the king's guards, comes to iiVench oonrt, 287 (p. 280). ; Brionne, "Brione,' [Eure], companies assembled at, 91. Briasoc, Comte de. See Cosse".. Charles de. Brisson, Bernabe, Sienr de <31ravelles, President of Parlement of Tarie, to be of king's new Council, 494 {p. 485). Bristol, frieze, tax. on, in 'Fvanoe, 341 (#. 332); French merchants at, 430; Spanish goods taken by Englishmen to, 451. ' Britanny, Knoilys takes ship bringing goods from, 47; ships sail to he going to Scotland from, 76; companies levied by Servaques; said to be about to retire to, 91; government of, assigned to Duke of Mercosur, 188,209; mentioned, 800; iJuka of Jlontpensior governs^ 323; l?renoh King 'wishes Dukts of Mercoeur to have government of, 343 (i). 334); la Mothe-JTenelon, wishes to gofcOj423 (jo, 414); Doke of Mercosur to govern, 441 (p. 434); Saiute-Souline's Vesesl tn-eoked off coast of, 471. 'Britiiempton,' Brighton, English sbip plundered near, by Armevilte, 544.. Brito de Pimentel, Antonio de, Don Antonio's agent' at TonrBj Hi (p. 118); Oobham. awaits letters from, 330; Oobham -writes to, 247 Q>, 249),. Bromley, Sir Thomas, Ohanael&r of England, Zubiaur detitistect by order of, 611. •

INDEX.

550

, sb'i)3 for Pen Antonio go o s BrocHiorst, Dietrich, old Baroa of Anholt, rfver to, 38 {^. 80); Bt. Laa, governor, ° Bogers wishes Elizabeth to Twite to, 206 (p. 20G;i( sWp from, brings news to 416; wishes to mako agreement with low Oo;mirwa of, battle of Asorca, States, 466. S00. , Jacob, young Baron of Anholt, reference to letter from, to Lesienr, Browise, Peter, atenfetOHttc! in Ieite? from 159; Eog^rs wishes BiiEibeth to writs l l&i {p. 1S4). to, on lik behalf, 194; reference to letters ftom, 252, 207; mentioned, ; reftsMTRis to book written by, 2?1, 303 (#. 397); Iiesieur visits, aa behalf of Bogers, 315; Utinm of Parma to write to o& Rogers' bahalf, SIS; Brttoe, —, OiptamorSejttiehhyraLinJJiingcs, put to Might by i'Bciuy, 60•!• reference to death of, 3C6, 377, 416, 428,456. Brufa, Migael de. KlJoJ in tiattls oft the , ,„., Setter to, 289. Aj 218. Bruges, affairs o£, 03, ..., , widow of above, 413 (p, towards, 100 s innmtryf]foin»MBed!eBrtmkhorat on ttus Ysael, IS; eaafcle of, pot's attach oa Courferal, ISO (p, 1^6); to be captured by States" foreea, 40 S, wsheij to have Slaglisli *knB%fls for 41ft (i», 40S); beta % King of Spais, garrison, 143 lp, 189ij «(»«»fttGUicnk besieged by States, 48S (2), moves towarfla, WS (#• Xtt), 1C1; Broofee, Aims. lady Cobham, mentioned, 855. conneil of stats tf» M Mfi at, 161; Erince of Orange eoraee, to, 154 5 aHns Oobham, Sir Henry, English. I?reneU tas<m» rrtira towarda, 157 s [trobsaBiidor ia France, € 3 ; stiiatnary, ooBnoil <£ stato to be held at, 188,1C9; in kaid of Bnrgisley's aeisrefevry of news Icsieuir gose to, 177; 5fensieu¥ goes to, etinyeyed in letters from, 116; men180, 181, 185; Gmtnt ^gtaa/at sont tioned, 161; French iiag write* to from, 193 i Satesdo's plot discoverefl at, J?OTOJ on behalf of, ooneemiM Eaglssh 197; £iesi<mr enmiwte, 190; ruftreuca ship detsinad at 3Ialt% 211 (6)j to dlscoverv of eouawiraoy &fe, 203 j & B Informs jprenoh king of ArnteTille's at, SOS; 'Briage*,1 SOS; Morris tomes atfeicis on English ships, 2 i l (e)'t to Dimliitk from, ^3S; reference to mentioacd, 224, 2e4,298j dtjuls with conJiuMoj' at, 231; 3Xcaifeiir shews • Sahombei| on Setibam's bdialf, 371; Meat *oowMtaswiee* i* Sortie and meutioaed, 40S; Bliaabefii trfstea «i nt, 234 (», ^ 7 ) i Conat of loiters from Franee toQuawiof Scots *" a t / O T t o i M l ^ : fej Pitas through hancl» of, 431 { j at, 238; amliassu BuHiivrfl compiaias of hisuttwiL 3)«jLntoato oom« |o, f"" to Eorm alliattee ^iiiiinst Spain, £»ir»ldi pswfiises to way dcM tee to. 471* —*-••- --• »«.*lrv' -— - * to Bfenin ftom, S! , cttiiiM tr» AIHWITP it) gat eunsoiit of, to j S i i ; fragment of be caverflor of FliuidMtr, 8915 Oliasdieputeh tot &M>; Mef tm&wsxf of negotiatious of, S4T. vslion pHi@) through, 403; Date of nsJ^r to fee j^wff^ *tt, 487 5 , -..letters from, 4S 24, 3 ^ S i urmy shout, -It©, 41)3,4'JO, £00; 35,36, 50,. 54 67, 53, ©1, 68, 74, 86, raid to be at, £01; to make 87, US. 114,115,12S, 188, 336, 140 »»*»j pioneers, fi27} ' Bridges,' teAdffl 150, J.S2, IM, 162,173, 179,188?, 187, of itewhunfcs Adventurtw well under188, 209, S103 %%% 330' 246 347, 34& 349, 350, Sft7, a«6t 267; g685 28? 283 507, 309,32S, 324, 3S1, 3S3,3S9 840, , letters and cBspftidK« &ted at, 14,SS, 843, 844, 34S, 353f 364, 355, SS8,' 308 M 43, @8, 81, OOi 111, 3SS, 14», 147, 370,878, 385, 386, S96,39T, 308, 401, 10&, 164,115,181,183,189,264, S08, 413, 419,430,421, 433,4S54,434, 4S7 320.3S7, 2S& 250,384,294 8*1* 334 441, [442J, 457, 4B5, 467, 4?S, 47», S4& 364,37£L 891, 426,440, 464, 463, 480, m, [4S4], [4851, 486 48B. 494 475,493, 503, S04., 51«, 537, 5Blt 532. 7 m m m m m s , Siemr &Crfflsnean(I tie Qealts, 641,562, Siseretttw of State, referaia* to , .-, Jetterg a»dtepatches iwiii^eK j y f, to Monsieur, $U, 225, 236; said to hi4Tegone to Sronsiaur to wwjure to, 35,26, CO, 77, 101,137, 141, 1SS t t ^ t y of acoorft tfifeh King Phi%, 330; 'Breae^' a»riTes at Bruges, 2S5S 243; to hear Satceclo's confession. 249; goes , m, son of following, nephow to Ghent. 239; leases Gliwkt with to Sir Henry Cobhom, S6S, Salmdo. 273; daily expected to return .., ...„...., letter trom, 107. to Paris. 287; wanes to JFrearti Court, 2S8 (p. 3S3>; seat to Eiawh King Coblana, Thomas, brother of from Queen Mather, 397; mentioned, 7 39S, 431 <jp, 411), 423 ($. 414}, 411, 440, 472, ,

S ' S5- > > > ' > *°*

0ENEBAL INDEX. Brumen, Geoffrey ]o, doctor, in possession of MU of Mr. M S B B W S , 360; Date's bill to de Psua in keeping of, 4C8. lottBrsfrom, 90, 483. Jeansaum, of tTri,ami1!>assadoi'toPnris, 519. Bruno, a Cfenoesa, makes aooiisations against Gait! 443. Brunswick, Duke of, &w Julius, Bmaels, willbe troubled by os of aasbecgue, 14; Chane&llor of Brabant said to have ftiYoarcd sailors of, 110; Monsieur's faeces said to be amrelting towards, 111; papist religion said to befaferoetaeedin, 113 (p. I l l ) ; graafc stir at, about Religions vrc&e, 118 <# 121); enemy haye intention to bBsiege, 142 j two places granted at, for exercise of Gotholie religion, 169; enemy has design on, 186; States' oarap to lie fioar, 2 8 3 ; eaemy thought to be preparing to "besiege, SOt; Frenoh forces in garrison at, 319; enterprise ondertaken by Erenett tor surprise of town aear, 803; mutinous soldiers tried at.877 lp- 375) S PrinoB of Parma nstw, 391; Saisseval takes soldiers from, to attack IJCUVWUH, 438; enemy said to itsve come before, 480; English troops transferred to, 445; English troops go towards, 460; fear that,im»y be besieged, 482,468; H o r r i d infantry at, 47?; enemy thought to be going to attack, 489; English regiment at, tmmid,491 ;eaemyinneighhourhood of, 499, 604, S12, 614,- saeiay thouglit to have retired from, 630, 527; Breach from, come to Antwerp, (>83; KewsfrosM, 584; pae<juintLde published at, G49. ., letter dated at, 634, . Brawev, —, Soots captain in command of cor:iet of horse at Ghent, ISO, Bruzman, Sana de, killed in battle off the Azarea, 213. Bacosli, Wtaagais, killed in battle off the Buckion, —, oa*ries letter to Paris, 4!rS, Boffio, Jeronimo, of Oomo, Oobham writes on behalf of, 3T8. BaiaJnonti, Signor, 2S4, See Baiamonti. Buia, G-ripheiWj to be sent from Holland to ICing of Dtiniiark, 8S (p. 78). Bur, — de, major-general in Erencli fleet fire Don Antonio, 118. Bariord, William, merchant, note of spoils token fromj by Brenon piKstes, S4S. Burgnndiane, oompanies of ,reinfOKsing enany, 55, S3, 9 9 ; in l o w GouDtries, 137 {p. 1S4); join Pannft'ss army, 143 (i>. 138), 179 ; ' Borgonions' put some English troops to fligbt in skirmish near Berghes, 3 2 1 ; BarSriek plundered by, " 267; Cobaam's paoiet »ot takea by, 309 j statement of pay of, 338,

561

Burgundy, Honsienr's gentlemen levying companies in, 62 ip. S3); Genera obtains coin frqm, 73 (p. 64); troops levied in, for service of King Philip, 863 100; Jtenob. troops said to 1* coming to ocenpy, 118 {#, 119); referenee to wish of Sngland to hold balance between itaaee and, 300; Count of Charni l i b t l i 396 (p, SOS); money sent into, for Prince of Parma, 467, Bttrghley, Lord. See Oaeil, William, Burke, Jodooos, inerohaat of Hamburg, signs petition against S:ieifort3. 351. Bni'nham, 'Boarhatn, 1 Edward, Wialsinghani'a servant, M a g s letters to Oobham. 210 ($. 211); sent to Pollovieino, 212^224; mentioned, 225,220, 239, 337 £p. 260). ,., „ letter in hand of, 0, BUB, Busio, Antoine de, oaptain of Prencb. infantry, killed in bftttle of the Azores, 213 353 {p. 345), See Bur, Brae. Buse, Jekm do, French swwan, taken by Eaglteh, 1GS. Buasy d'AmJboiso, 8e$ Oiermunt. Batter, XhomaB, in Williams' eoaipany, 283, Boston, Queen of Seyfa wishes to take baths Buy, ' B utSs , ' 31, de. See IMornay, Pierre de, BtiyS;, Paul, deputy of Hollaad, promises to pay interest on Elizabeth's loan to States, IS, IS Q>, 16). Bust-, M. do. mtntTe-de-camp in arjny for Don Antonio, 95. See Bus.

0 Oaeteni, 'CSayotasur Seruionata,' , caJ-dind, likely to he ss»t as legntBextraordlntiTy to Paris, 463. ' Cahors,' M, de, See Carour, Caithness,«Gatnesae/ SLirl of. See Sinekir, 0 eorge. Oakoy [12, —i referenos to letter from Walsingham to, 174, Calais, States wish Pronch. kin* to close passages between SU'aieres nud, 18 {p. IB); fetters frum, 291 States wisli M'«noi Mug to forbid all tmde with enemy at, 53 (j>. 46), 7 0 ; Italian, Spanish and French troops said to be About to embark at, for 3*!ngLind, 73 (5). 66); passages between ^SUziAres and, to t e dosed to enemy, 83 (p. 81); 'E'reneh kaag floes not shut up passages of, 118 (p. 119), MS (p. 189); Oownt of Matisfeldt goes to Antwfip from, 135; Etenei forces tetween GraTelinsfi and, 146,147,168,208; soldiers come to Dunkirk: from, 219; meaticaiBd, 225; Guises lay tpait to intercept letters passing to Mandeifa by w»y of, 2 4 9 ;

552

GENEEAL

Calais—cont. Lesieur at, 262, 263; Cobham's messenger not to go by way of, 267; no victuals or munitions to be sent into Artois and Haiuault from, 284; letters passing through, likely to be intercepted, 287 (_p. 280); cornet of French hoi-sc shipped at, 804; Mayor of, takes T»ats of I>over to bring soldiers to Low Countries, 325; Gascons arrive in Low Countries from, 336; couriers and merchants pass safely from, to Prince of Parma, S43 (p. 384); French king makes proclamation lit, 340; Ifrench troops arrive at Antwerp from, 363, 374; news from, 375; French, arrive at Antwerp from, 377 (p, 316); la Mofche-Fenelon to convey money to Scotland from, 424; vessels leave AribTveirp for, 456; Swiss to be shipped at, for Low Countries, 463; Eiron oondnots bis forces towards, 465; French and Swiss troops to lie shipped at, for Low Countries. 475; French camp afoot near, 477; English, mitfaneer embarks at, 514. Oalamarfcier, Pierre de, tilled ia battle off the Asores, 213. Calendar, STew. See Gregory SIIJ.; Style, Change of. Calvi, Eliano, Italian banter, imprisoned in Paris, 896 (p. 398) j to leave France, 441 (p. 434); Frenoh king allows, to stay, 442, . Csunbrai, Cambray, nsen of, trouble enemy mach, 14; i?ren<sh forces arrive at, 2 9 ; mentioned, 4 3 ; governor of Bouchain yields town to men of. for Monsieur's use, 53 ; Monsieur's forces said tohave come to, 69; IToyelies flies to, 85 (p. SO); MonsiGUr's reifers near, 110; Laval espeeted at,, 118 (p. 118); Breach forces said to be near. 121,126 (p. 136), 128 (p. 129); Count of Mansfeldt'sreiters at, 135; Monsieur's forces said to be coming to, 235; enemy said to be preparing to besiege, 284; reference to league of, against Senate of Venice, 295; enemy said to have retired towards, 311; psople of, said to l w e burnt Saint Pol, 3 2 1 ; great numbers of French said to be about, 8$6; Prince of Panna, matrcnes towards, 337 ( # . 328); Frenofl strong about, S38; Prince of Parma near, 360; Frenoh aimy about, S63; Priiioe of Parma's forces go towards, 364; courier of Prinoe of Parma sent to, 369; paople of, defend ' Leseluse,' 378; VilUeiB to oonduct forces from., . 877 (#. 376); snia t o have yielded to enemy, 404; passage from Btaxme to, impesoked by loss of Caasbrcsisj 4 1 4 ; Biron puts g&mson into, 433 (p. 4 1 5 ) ; Frenoh army eoid not bo be earning by way of, 439; Freuijh Mm gunds money to pay garrison oft 441 (p. 4SS); ojiewy's *anipnesr, 4B4.

INDEX. Oambresis, men of. trouble enemy muoh, 14 Monsieur's reitera in, 79, 86,10Q, 110, 118 (#. 118); pecrnla of, said to have burnt Saint Pol, 321; ' Oambrisaye,' Prince of Farom said to have won, 394 (p. 890); 'Oamtesea,' 405; 'fernbrysse,' 414; reference to taking of, 428; loss of, a, disgrace to French, 439; Prince of Parma destroys, 440. Camer, —, killad in battle off the Azores, 21S. ' Oamphine' (Campstt),' Stewart to take ship for Scotland from, 118(^. 120). Canary Islands, the, ITeniie plunders Portuguese at, 409; suggestion of certain peraoDs to go to, in order to attack Spaniards, 688. Candia, HorHsh rovers captured by Venetians in, 588 (p. 526). Canto, Peter Anos da, signs bond to Captain Ketine, 452; witness to depositioas against Kenne, 469. Cappello. 'Ghiissard,' Genoese merchant in Paris, King orders books of, to be burnt, 806 (p. S93); to Ieaye Franoe, 441 (p. 434). Oapponi; Piero, a Florentine, aaidto be intriguing in Paris against Elizabeth, 3 ; goes about with Spaniards at Bouen, 9 1 ; visits Popes nuncio on benalf of Italian prisoners in England, 114 (p. 114); returning to iRonen, 2 2 3 ; reference to letter from Masino del Bane sent to Monsieur by, 226; mentioned, 226, 266 ; death of, 471, 478 (p. 460). letter from, 84. Capres, M. de. See BoumonyjUe. Cardona, Don Giovanni de, lato Viceroy of Haplea, returns to gpain, 465. Oarduino, 'Cardloyn' Jlaris, statement of pay of Italian infantry under, 828. Carelli, Ferrante,, brother t o follotfixig, sent to Scotland by Bute of Guise, returns to Paris, 472 (p, 461). ...., Paulo, brother to Duke of Ghuse's master of horse* comes to Paris from Scotland, 465.. Casrenaon, CareatBoni, Nicolas, Monsieur writes to recommend, 418; goes to England, 431. Carey. Sir George, sent by Elizabeth into Scotland -with Bowes, 298; (Sir Edward), 357 (jp; 854). • ' . Carlej], Christopher, Wakingham's stepson, reference tor letter about, 190, . 'Carlo JVanoo;' in semee of Walsingham, 51S. Carca&valet, J t a de. See Paume, Fran^oise de. Oarpen, said to hays yielded to Monsieur, 169. See Kerpen. Oarrouges, JI. d&. See Le Vensur. Carrs, the, might be stirred np to favour d'Anbigny's party, 472 (p, 461). Cars, Baron of. See Monfceith, Oatfcwright, aPbomas, Danetfc spaato with, at Antwerp, touching Brown's book, 308.

GBNBEAL Carvehnlo, Mstreelo, in 'army'for Terceras,

INDEX.

558

Oastelnau,. Michel de—core*. fertsnt is desiring marriage, 151 ; Oascaes, Spanish king reinforces garrison io, French king writes to, touching defraying of Monsieur's charges in wars of Caserme, Jean; owner of Caniareine, 292. . Flauders, 179; has access to Elizabeth, Oasimir, Duke, of the Palatinate, expected at . 183 ; consideration of report of, touchSfcrusburg, 71; King of Navarre sends ing French king's wishes concerning gifts to, 482. marriage of Elizabeth and Monsieur, 200; reference to letter from, sent to , letters from, 76, 104, 312, 318, 459, Cobham, 229"; reference to conference 476,493,496. ofs with Elizabeth, 229 ( ^ . 3 3 1 ) ; Caspian Sea, reference to English ship trading mentioned, ggg; ' qnjnst and injurious in, 6. suit' of, against Knollys, 280; receiyes Cassel, enemy's camp romo-yes to, 205. Hews of encounter between Don Casaie, Walter, takes letter to Cobham from Antonio's and King of Spain's fleets, Walaingham, 287, 288 (jp. 281); 298; premier maitre d'Mteloi, woanded referomseto oVArmeville's depredations before ahetit, S02 (p. 398); Elizabeth against, 324; Cobham writes and obtains does not wish letters sent to Queen of letter from the'king to Sisrogne on behalf Scots from French lung and queen of, 344,34S(ii. 840). . through, 357 ; deals muca in favour of Oaesillia, • Cassil,' Earl of. See Kennody, John, Scottish affairs, 886; mentioned, 396 (p. 392), 398, Elizabeth objects to tutor of. .See Kennedy, his meddling in Scottish affairs, 421; Thomas. reference to letters from, 434 {p. 417) ; Oastclbergor \jiy. Sebastian], froia ' Ohern Mme de Mauvissjere wishes him to Gva-vren. * Bund, ambassador to French return to France, 488; reference to his king, 519. dealing albout the marriage, 449, 479; Castelli, Giovan Battista, Bishop of Eimini, order sent to, from French king to Papa] nuncio in Paris, Abate del Bene's accord Elizabeth all she could demand communications to, 33 (p. 80); men• for-coneltiBioBof marriage, 480 (p. 471); tioned, 114 (p. 114); has audience Cobham wishes him to write on Gtower's with. Frenoh, king, 150 (jp. 150); behalf, 480 (p. 472); reference to mentioned, 152; displeased at bishopric negotiation of, -with. Elisabeth concernof Bayeux being bestowed on Princess ing marriage; 507, 608 (p. 600); to deof Coati, 309 (p. 308); gives Soottisb clare French King'swishes to Elizabeth, advocate letter from Pope, 210; introats 517. " Queen Mother not to send Bishop of Boss from Rouen, 348 (p.. 339); , „.. letters from, 2,13,47.56; 66, consents that Princess of Oonti's kins12, 78, 82. 89, 94, 186, 168, 218, 381, man should be Bishop of Bayenx, S69 f 392, 336,380, 3S4, 396, 408, 411. 430, reference to Italians at house of, S9S 464. (p. 394); declares that d'Aubigny has , Jacques, son of aboTe,. godson to a strong party in Scotland, 397 - Elizabeth, 826. (#. 395), coanfe from Bolog&a, lodges at house of, 401; anxious for French OasCelyn, —, merchant of London, spoiled by Baequeviile, 150 {p. 1G1). king to deal speedily in matter of d'Aubigny, 423 <> 414); Irishmen Castile, Cortes in, 113 (#. I l l ) ; Duarte de take letters from, to Cardinal of Castro,fleesfrojn, 472 (i>. 460); Duke Oomo, 423 (p. 415); Pope comof Alva accompanies king into-, 478, mands, to maintain peace between 480 {p. 471); Comendador of JJeghorn Kings of France and Spain, 44-1 to succeed Cardinal ftranTiUe in, 494 (p. 434); wishes to sell certain lands (p. 485). belonging to the Church, 442; men- Gastilians ah St, Michael's prepare for siege, tioned, 4.67; delivers monfly to Scottish 353 (p. S40). . king's minister, 472 {p. 463); reference to favour obtained by, for BngHsh Castillo, Antonio de, Ambassador from late fugitives and rebels, 480 (p. 473); King of Portug&l in England, consults Duke of Guise lodges in house of, 484; King of Spain about Drake's piracies 62. mentioned, 485, 494 (p, 485;; does not , letter from= 66. wish. Bellievre or dn Ferrier' to be admitted to king's new Council, 494 Castro, Boarte de. not imprisoned, 7/4 (p. 67); said to bare, been beheaded by Don (p. 485); receives pardon from Pope Antonio, 472 (jp. 460); reference to for English Papists, 497; French king conspiracy of, 498, See alto Chaste, promises, that olergy of France shall be Boderigo de. reformed, 538. Gastelnati, Michel de, Seigneur de la Mauyis- Catalonia, gentleman, of, comes to Paris, 467, ' siere. French Ambassador in. England, Catherine de' Medici, Queen Mother of France, intrigues with Qapjwui, 8; 3S(p. 29)i writeathatElizabethismuoo delivers ' angular commeuefationB' of inclined to marriage with Monsieur, dev g UyiiXp. 71); mentioned, 101, 150, Ki 3 ) t i d, King off N Nawre, 4 (p.( 3); (p. 14$); is sure that Elizabeth is 5; Cobham'saudience with, 33 (J>,28);

554'

GENERAL

INDEX.

Catharine deJ Medici.Queen Mother &o.—cont. Catharinede' ¥Jedioi,Qafi3nM.other Son.—cmt. Glasgow to deal in favour of d'Aubigny CoDhain hopes to be sent to Monsieur 396 (p. 892); referenoe to speeches of, by, 3 7 ; PftJliYicino begs help from, to Cobbam touching affairs of Don for his brother's cause, 49 ; mentioned, Antonio. 402; mentioned, 408; con54, 69 ; Hasiuo del Bene oomplains of tinues to set forth ships to be sent to being unkindly treated by. 61 ; lodges Terceras 423 (p. 415); Chrises try to at US.. d'O's house in Paris, 62 ; Count pETsiiade, to send Mainetille to England, Brissae confers with, 74 p. 67) ; at 424; rafered to in cypher as 800, 434; Saint Motet, 8 6 ; intends to go to writss on behalf of English merchants Monoeaux, 87; mentioned, 118; spends in the Levant, 441; busies herself in much money on Portnguese erploit, 114 protmring money, 441 (#. 431); del (p. 113); reference to title of, to Bena refers to his conversation witk, . kingdoms of Portugal, 122; mentioned, 444; reference to wishes of, to help 133 ; Oobham has audience with, Portugal, 468; attends funeral of Presi. concerning Elizabeth's marriage, and dent de Thou, 465; mentioned, 467 j aid given to Don Antonio, 150 (p. 149); thoagb.6 not to admit Giraldi to her mentioned, 179, 18S (p. 134); grants presence, 473 (p. 460); borrows money Duchy of Valois to Queen of ijavarre, from Gondi, 472 (p. 462); la. Keuf188 ; Egmont said to have written to, vilte has conference with, 478; menoonoerniiig Salcsdo's conspiracy, 199 I tioned, 482; troubled with a mysterious expected in Low Countries, 203 voioe, 486; receives much monsy, 494 (y.20S); Monsieur awaiting answer {p. 484); Captain Perdini recommended of, consenting Salcedo, 204; goes to to Don Antonio by, 498; Biron goes ; Saint Maur, 209; said to have written to Low Countries at reguest of, 504; favourable letters to Duke of Savoy, goes in solemn procession to Notre 209 (p. 209); doing all in her power for Dame, 507; Cobham confers with, Monsieur, 214, 323; referenoe to letter touching marriage of Monsieur and from, 227; reference to right of. to Elizabeth. 507 (p. 496;; Oobham to Crown of Portugal, 229 (p. 281); speak with, concerning Elizabeth's Oobham bus audience with, 229 {p. 282); marriage, 508 {p. 501); reference to denies that she knows of any commisletter from, ta Elizabeth, 509; Biron sions that might restrain Elizabeth's thought to haye secret, instructions subjects front trading freely with Spain, from, 514; Don Antonio has secret 230; mentioned, 246; Cobham has conference with, 618; does not approve audience with, 247; to be Regent of of Don Antonio's intention to go into Prance during king's absence, 248; Elanders, 5S8 (p. 526); Don Antonio report of battle of Assures sent to, 266; lodged near house of, 540 ; Cobham has at Siint-Maur, 2S7; at christening of audienoe with, 541. Duke of (Mao's son, 287 (p. 279); Cobham has access to, 288; intends to , .., letters to, 106, 4SC (2). speak with Saloedo, 288 {p. 283); „ letters from, 410, 425. mentioned, 300, 302; has interview Catherine, Queen of Sweden, daughter ot with Saloedo, 807; receives letters from Ssgismund I. King of Poland and Boaa Monsieur, 809; referanoe to aid giYen Sforza, daughter of John Oaleazzo Tuy, to Bon Antonio, 317; mentioned, Sf orza attd Isabella of Aragon, King of 324; Cobham aues to. for English Sweden claims Duchy of Bwi by right pirates, 331; at Saint Maur, 8S3 ; sends of, through her grandfather, the Dsike news of Strozzi's defeat to Low of Bari, 442. Countries, 338; mentioned, 848 (p. , a letter from, 202. 334); Spanish, agent complains to, of Catherine, Princess of B6arn, sister of King being robbed by Monsieur's horsemen, 348; wishes to send Bishop of Jiofa of Kavarre, French king wishes Bpernon from Eouen, 348 (p. S39); Cobham to marry. 179; Daie of Savoy wishes ni-ites oomplaints to, of d'ArmeVille's to marry, 288 (j>. 282), 309; puke of piracy, 348 ( p. 340); sends news from. Savoy's ambassador confers with, 348 Portugal to Low Countries, S50; men{p. 339), 424 (p 417); reference to tioned, 352; Elizabeth does not wish debts due to, from French king, 442; letters from, to be sent to Queen, of Elizabeth said to wish that Monsieur Snots through Manvissiere, S57; Don would many, 472 (p. 462); reference Antonio writes to, lamenting Strozzi's to arrears of money due to, 482; treaty death, 305 { j , 364); Oobham's interview of marriage between Duke of Savoy •with, toaebing English merchants m the ana, broken off, 498; talk of marriage Levant, 3 6 8 ; wishes Duke of Lorraine of Monsieur with, 539. to help to restore jVIonsi&ur to Stench Cato, de FSna compares Walsingham to, 369. king's favour, 370; said to be going to Oamshon, Laurent, Sieur de Trelon, brotherCalais, 875; said to hate paid Swiss in-law to Brnlart, sent by Monsieur to troops for Low Countries, 877 ip. 876); Imperial Diet, 3ft (p. S3). flaid to have decided to bring great Gaugingnsa (?) O&pfcein, ' Gauquiguy/ caphulks ; from Mandera to aid Don tures Biseayan vessels off Azores, 353 ^Lntori'io, 8S8>; pressed by Bishop of {p. 34?). •:

GENERAL INDEX.

555

Gave, Lisle, endoi-sements, eta. by, 41, 299, Chanvallcm. Set Harlay, " 452, 469, 481, 504, 551. Chappelle, la, musician writes to Elizabeth, Cavour,' Cahors/ M. de, Count of Bacconigi, 352. chief favourite of Duke of Savoy, said OhapelIe-des-I]rsins 'La Chappelle Ursmo,' to have come disguisedly to Ireneh Christophe Jouvenel de la, LieutenantCourt, 150 (p, 160); no longer sole Governor of De de France, Cobham manager of Duke of Savoy's affairs, sends letters from, to "Walsinghan, 352. 331. .., letter from, 356. Coa, Jerome Ferdinand de, Portuguese merchant, signs bond to Captain Eenne, Chariemont, statement of pay of garrison of, 328. 432. Cecil, William, LordBurghley, Lord '.Treasurer ChftrleB V, late Emperor, Geneva granted to Duke of Savoy by, 73 (p. 64); reference of England, 18 (i>. 16), 36; offers to to Francis I being leant prisoner by, sign order for Hieolson's deliverance, 04; mentioned, 9$; Marohaumont 507 (p. 498). refers to money promised by. for Charles IS, late King of Iranca, reference to Monsieur, 128; mentioned, 156; Order bestowed on King of Denmari by, calculation in hand of, of some part oE 217 {p. 216); note of Uses on English Duke of Anjou's revenues, 172; answer commodities transported oat of Prance to articles sent from French King by Englishmen in reign of, 341 (i).332). passed by, 229 (p. 233); mentioned, 234; reference to letter to, 271; Charles, Crown Prince of Sweden, letter Irom, 228. reference to letters from, 286, 205; mentioned, 881, 367, 334, 489. Charles III, Dute o! Savoy, grandfather of loiters and dispatches to, 89. following, reference to, 5. Charles Etnanuel, Daie of Savoy, his enter193, 219, 373. prise against Geneva, 5, 33 (p. 30), 37, endorsements, etc. by, 318, 62 (p. 53), 71,78 {p. 63); Swiss cantons 645. urge, to abandon enterprise against Cervia, territory of, to be-given by Pope to Geneva, 88; disavows enterprise Signiors of Venice in consideration of against Geneva, 99 i Catholics at adherence to Catholic leagues, 106. , Luoernts agree to help, 102 ; reference Cerveira, Stephen, Portuguese merchant; signs to his enterprise of Geneva, 113; bond to Captain Kenne, 46*2. three Gardinais visit, IIS (£.111); rtfinfoj-ess his army, 132 ; tries to win Ohabntmes, Francois de, Marcmia of Curton. the Chevalier Breton to his devotion, sent by King and Queen Mother to King of Navarre, 113, 152 •; forces increase daily round Geneva, 167 ; charged by Cantons with Chabo&.Gfuy.SeigneurdeBrion, late Admiral of breach of leagne and promise, 189 j France, f ither of following, 396 (p. 893). Cantons intend to repulse from Geneva, , Jacques de, Comte de Charni, Grand 209 {p. 208); his people still about fiscuyer of Ewnoa, Lieutenant-General Geneva, '225 ; sorry for advice taken in Burgundy, Duke of Elbceuf to from King of Spain and Pope, 226 . maTry daughter of, 396 (p. 393). possible meeting between French King and, 248 ; forces of, not withdrawn Chalons in Champagne. Monsieur's Swiss from Greneva, 248 {p. 250); report of troops arrive at, 22S ; ' Oalone.' muster death of, 283 ; Swiss request, to of Swiss to be held at, 226. remove foroes from Geneva, 2S7 ; Chamberlain, lord. See Batolyfe, Thomas. oanse of, to be decided by Swiss Chamberland, Piere, merchant of Rouen. Cantons, 288 (jp. 282) ; sends Bellewrites to La Mothe-Fanelon, 129. garde to woo Princess of Havarre, 3U9 ; Bernese deputies sent to, 810 (p. 305); Chamois, ' Shamaye,' 'Shanmel,' colonel of withdraws forces from Geneva, 323 ; French '.regiments at Dunkirk, 208; mentioned. 524 ; shows himself 'too complaints made against, of favours mnoh Imperial/ 331; suggestion of . shown to JVench, 227 (p. 228); regimarriage of, with Duks of iorraine's ment of, at Dunkirk, 329, 631, 533; daughter, 343 O 835) ; proposed Monsieur displeased with, 686. marriage of, with SparuEh Princess, Champagne, Monsieur's gentleman levying 348; (p. 338); M. de Beury to companies in, 62 (p. 53): Swiss troops treat 'on agreement between Smssiami, • , in, 225, 833. 848 (jp. 338} ; reference to aid given to, Champagny. See Perrenot. by five little Caatons, 353 ! reference Champernon, Champemowne (? Arthur), to letters from, 396 (p. 394); said to Walsingham's servant, 114 (jp. 114), have married Dute of Morenc&'s • daughter, 397 (p. 396); Grirsldi's son 152. visits, 399; conbumess secret preparaChampigny, Bake - of Montpansier's house, tions towards, annoying of Geneva, • - Efench King sod King of Navarre to 419; Biii.ihft9EOiBritgftiiz!i scntb gentlemeet at. 179. man to, 423 (p. 416) > sends Bslfegarde Ohanoellor, the, of England". See Bromley. to King of Kavarre, 424 (p. *I7); Chantonnsy. See Perrenot,

556

GENERAL

Charles Emanuel, Dulse of Savoy—oont, report of Ms marriage denied, 441 (p. 434); meeting between Swiss and, postponed, 468 ; Stench King thought to be making some confederation with, 472 (?>• 460); may marry King of Spain's dangler, 482 ; visits Couiendador Mayor. 494 (p. 485) ; Swiss demand help from .French King for injury done to Genera by, 4 9 8 ; treaty of marriage bstween Princess of Navarre and, broken off, 498 (p. 490} ; renewal of suit of, to Princess of Lorraine, 530. Charles, servant to Walaiugham, Doyley sends letter by, 350. Charlevoix, —, news of battle of Ajsores aant to Queen Mother by, 266; mentioned. 369. Charm, Count of. See Chabot. j r i t t , ' Charfcyers,' Monsieur's secretary, reports that Douay has submitted to Monsieur, 118 {p. 121); sent to learn tnta pwtioulats of Monsieur's army from EVanoe, 319; takes letter from Monsieur to Walsingham, S46; sent by Monsieur to King of !Na7arrs, 3525 mentioned, 442. Chartree, French King passes through, 369. Chessay, John, Irish Braaeisoan friar, to be su&agaato Bishop of Bayeux, 369, Ohassinoourt, H. de, agent of King of Havarre, visits Cobham, 330. Ohaatelet, Captain, attacks Verdugo'a troops, reported killed, 315 (p, SOS). Chataigneraye, it,, present at council before battle o£ Azores, 358 { p. 348). Chateauvilain, Comte de. See Diaceto. Chstellerault, ' Chastellerowe,' Duke of, heirs of, overthrown by d'Anbigny, 421 (p. 412). .......... Duchess of. See Francs, Diane de. [Vienna], duchy of, given, to Duke of Mqntpensier 188. CMtiUon, Odet de, late cardinal, 99. „.., M. de. See Coligny, Ftwngois do. Chaton, Captain, takes Breton ships, 168. Ohiitre, ' Chartrn,' [««. Olatide], Chevalier de . la, of the Order of Malta, to be in command of Hew ships for l&roeras, 423 (p. 415), 4871 receives goverameiit of Dieppes, 46S; departure of, for leroeras positioned, 472 {p. 460); Tisits Don Antonio, 640» 'OhattelUtt,' Cajitain (called aa Italian, tot probably identical with following), offers services t o Monsieur, 18, g 'OhaTanoi,' statement of pay of gan-iaoaof, ^ 8 , . Ghefdostel, —, PrBnohferitder,tries to redeem l l l i i p , 203.

INDEX. Ohester, reference to piracies done to merchants of, 34; Jehan Gower born in diocese of, 66; WalsinghatQ deals with merehaats of, 77 (JJ. 72); reference to letters from, 137 (p. 134). Ohimay, Prinosss of, comes to Antwerp, 387; said to have persuaded her husbattd to turn Protestant, 389. , Prince of. See Croy, Charles of. Ohimay, near Marienbonrg, Monsieur's forces said to be at,> 111. Ghiverny, Comte de. See Hnrault. Choi-don, Captain in States' army, alays Gourmette, 70. Ohriatian, surgeon in States' tu-my, 260. Ohristierae, former King of Denmark, reference to treaty between Kings of Eng-land and," 551. 'Chj-iatovallett,' agent of Don Antonio in Antwerp, 18 (p. 17); goes to England, .143 (p. 141). 1 Chuelohier.'John, Spanish merchant at Calais, money sent to Gravelinea bv means of, 843 (p. 334). Ghuroh, Thomas, English merchant at Eouen, signs petition, 841. Cicero, reference to Laws of, 269. Citolino, Paulo, to be paid for taking letters for Walsinghatn to Cobham, 298. Qiville, Francois de, letter from, 20. • Olarentius,' herald of Henry VIII, 507 (i>. 498). • Claassa, Henri, Seigneur de Fleury-SaintMartin, and du Ponte, brother of following, sent by French King to Cteneya, 113; refcarns from Switzeriand with nothing accomplished, 122; to treat on agreainent between Qnke of Savoy and Swiss, 348 (p. 338). , Pierre, Seigneur de Marohaamont efe Oourranees, agent of Dnie qf Anjou in Paris, 1 3 ; Baqueville to be appointed resident in England in place of, 18 (ft. 19); mentioned, 33 (p. 29); Herte considers that he was sent out of England through meaojs of, 86 (p. 80); reference to letters from, to Monsieur, 177, 198 f mentioned, 803 ; , wife of, thought to be affected towards Guises, 324; will deal with Elizabeth in favour of d'Aufcigny, 380; too much affected to Duke of G-uiae, 4 0 1 ; mentioned.418, 464, 4S3: writes to Vako ot Guise oi matters of Scotland, 485. Glawse, letters from, 128, 232. Cleojment, — alms to be given to, by x, 137 ( P ) (AU) Vermont, IJouis de, Oomte de Bnasy A'AmJjoise, re-fenge taken by Balagny for murder of, 498, Olermont d'Amboise, Georges de, Huguenot Captain, insoM.3MmexieDara3,4(j?, 4). Clermontais, College of the, at Paris, tfehan. Sower goes to, 96 (p, &7). Olerrant, M, &s>. get Yieone.

GENEEAL Cleves, Duehy of, Lesieur returning to, 177; one of Bogers'a enemies in prison at, 194 (p. 194); Lesknr goes to.. 297; .Asheby sent to, by Duke, 316; Council in, to deviae means to get Rogers free, 327 i enemy crosses Rhine in, 347; Tiesioar tarries in, 416: , letters dated at,, 397, S16. , Dukeof. See William. .,., son of Duke of. See Jehan. Clinton, Edward, Earl o£ Lincoln, Lord High Admiral, 367, 450, 451. , Captain, plunders French pirafcea,292. Closter, Jacques de, in Williams' company, 263. Olnaes, Doke oi Savoy garrisons passage of, 37. ' Olyncarne,' Earl of. See Gleneaira. Gobham, John, suits of, to States, 462. , letters and dispatches from, 2C8, 219, 322. 336, 279, 331, 306, 311, 325, 336, 35?,' 390. 414, 422; Henry. See Brooke. , Lady. See Brooke, Anne. , Lord. See Brooke, William, Coblal, Antonio de, killed' in battle of the Azores, 213. Coohere M. See Cauohon, Laureet. Coaster, Harfcin de, a Fleming, takes letter from Mauvissiere to Walsingham, 94, Coldbath, ' Colburque,- Zubiaur detained in, 511. Coligoy, Francois, de, Seignenr de ChatilloB (Chastilion-sur-Loing), Admiral of CJ-ayenne, Montmorency soliaits him to ' run his fortune,' 114 (p, 114); sent to Savoy with message torching affairs of Geneva, 150 (p. 150,; advancing to aid Genera, 288 (p.282), 323; returns from Geneva, 340; complains of'Count of Toulouse, 424 (p. 417). .., Q-aspard de, Seigneur de Cbatillon, late Admiral of Franoe, reference to shooting of, 61. , Guy de, Sieur tie Laval, Count of Andelot, reference to his brother's governor, SI; mentioned, 71; licensed to levy companies for Monsieur's service, 74 (p. 68); expected at Gheat, 79; preparing levies for Monaieur, 86, 118 (jp. 111 ; espeofcedatCambray, , 118 (p, 118); coining to Low Countries, ISO fj». 180); Swiss coming to Low Countries under conduct of, 181 (p. 182); broops of, pass into Pieardy, 187 • troops to be conducted by, 288 (_p. 282)\ rumaur of his coming into Flander3 306; still in Paris, 809; befote BapaunV 463; near Gravelines, 487; at Bruges' •492, 493; arrives at Anfcwerp,512,514'. Cologne, those of the Confession -wish to have ' temples' at, 99; preparation of monition for Parma made nt, 118 (y. 119); news from, 203 (p. 203); mB|iBtrate8 ' of, resolve to have no Religion but Bontan, 260; people of, make edinfc against Protestants in, 810 (p: 306); iesienr1 about to go to, 316 (#. 308); Cl, Asheby vyit^ fj»in} 8165*

657 Cologne—cont, enemy believed to have crossed Bbine near, 338; referenda to ships of Duke of Gleves coming from, stayed by Baron of Anholt, 366; foreign goods brought to, instead of to Antwerp, 388; Provincial Diet to he held in, 389; Leaienr goes to, 416; Bishop of, places garrisons in small villftges aboni, 473; referenca to news from, 489; Duke Casimir wishes some , person of understanding to be sent from England to, 495, 496; Bishop wishes to introduce Confession of Augsburg, into, 499; Haultepenne and Mansfeld marching towards, 612; money to be paid to the King of Spain in, 518 (p. 669); commissioners of magistrates at, to tate part in Diet at Bonn, 534. letters dated at, 186, 317. .Elector of. See Truebaesg. CoIomMers, 3d. de, coming to Low Countries 180 (p. 180), 181 (p. 183). Colonna, Marcantonio, to be governor of Milan, 108, 'Don Antonia;1 Colonna, 113 (p. I l l ) ; made governor of Milan, . 143(^140). ., Pedro, sigaa statement of pay of Spanish forces in Low Countries, 328. ......... r Proapero, looked for in Netherlands as general for King of Spain's forces from Italy, 28, 85 (#. 81). Colph, Thomas, apotheoary, bill From Dalo to de INina in keeping of, 458, Colson, (?) William, returns to Paris from Borne, 33 (p. 30). Combelles, M., reference io notB from, to Cobham, 74 (p. 68); reference tp letter from Walsingham to, 114 (p. 113). Comendador Mayor. See ZuSiga. Comer, —, Englishman in Paris, 66 (p. 57)Commeadone, Frmcesco, * Gomendonas,' Cardinal, a Venetian, to be sent to King of Spain, 465. Commines, fort near Menin, States' troops may attaok, 500. Oonnnisaioaersfrom Frenoh king to Elizabeth, reference to marriage negotiation passed by, 229, 507. Oomo, Cardinal of. See Gallio, Conoiergerie, prison of, Salcedo bropght to, 423.

'

;

• • "

Cond£, Prince of. See Boarhon, Henri de, Oondoumois, assigned to Queen of Navarre as dowry, 62 £#, 53), Ooningham, Boberfc, servant to JiorA John Hamilton, takes letter to Cobham, 25. Constantinople, ^English ship captured at Malta in her return from, 161; account of festivities fci, 178; news from, 238; great fire in. 347; Cobham intends to deal in cattae of agent 'for merchants trading So, 352, 36S; Frenoh Mng dislikes English .agent to be sent to, B96 (392); EU?ab&th intends to send agent to, 421; news from, 48Z (p. 486); . ErSnoh king intendstorecall Germigny from, S20; gentleman•: tit 3SarseilleB ' « t Paris froBt, 638 ff. &26>

558

GENEBAL

INDEX.

Costa, Pranoisoo de, sent to persuade Don Antonio to oome to some composition with King Philip, 114. Cotton, Thomas, survisg in State's array , 9 ; makes preparations to levy companies, 6B ; mentioned, 70; soldiers under, meeting, 118 (p. 131) ; at St. Bernard, 126 (p. 137) ; eompunioa under, march towards Diest, 189, 143 (p. 139); Colonel of English infantry at Dan67. kirk, 176 ; withdraws his company from Copenhagen, ' Copenhaven,1 Waad viBits English, and joins French, 290 (#. 278). English, ambassador at, 217; burgomaster of, sent to bay cloth in Eng- Couohe. Martin, made easign in 'Wilson's company, letters from, 214, 317, 345, 405 •; - land, 233. Stf- ' your man that is with Captain , letter dated at, 290. Wilson,' 470. Copley, Thomas (called Lord Copley), confers CouroolleB, M. de, memorials brought from irith Dnke of G-uise, 162; Governor of Manvissi&re to Walsingham "bj, 83 ; JesuitB gives money to, 520. passport for, S26 5 sent by Mauviasiere Corbie in Pioardy, priests of, try to deliver, to Walsingham, 395. into Malcontents' hands, 3S1; people Courfcray, Corttriok, soldiers sack burghers in, oi Bapaume try to take, 349. 14 ; people of, swear to be true to King Coideliers, the, reference to chapel founded of Spain, 96 ; failure of enterprise of by Spaniards at house of, in Bouen, itoehspot and Yorke upon, 118 (pM 118); 9 1 ; Queen Mother wishes, to accept false report of capture of, 121 ; the Italian General, 248; King builds referenae to Boohepot's defeat at, 126 ehapel and oelL at JJoctvre for, 369. (p. 126), 135; Fauna's forces pass ,, Bee FrcmoisoarBS, through, 147 ; mentioned, 161 ; enemy Cordova, Diego do, in army for Tereeras, 112. at, tries to win over mutinous English troops, 160 ; Scottish gentleman join, Oormont, Antoiae de, Sieur de Villeneuve and enemy at, 220 ; enemy crosses river dm Bordes, his lieutenant colonel near, 804 ; Spaniards come to, 331 ; slain, 70; withHoehepot, 111; colonel great want of victuals at, 364; enemy ofltene&.at flnnkitk, 175, 180; will gathers camp near, 449 s enemy removes not Moeive orders from la Pierre, 20S. from. 464 ; enemy makes great vaunt Corse, Alfonso, son of following, to trouble of taking of, 475 ; failure of French Corsica, 538. enterprise on oastle near, 504 ; news , Pieteo, 538. from, 527 ; enemy between Oudenarde, Corsica, Alfonso Corse to trouble, 538. 631.. Corsini, Philip, Maovissi^r© writes on behalf Courfafay, Governor of. See Zwevegisem. of, 403. Contanoea, Bishop of. See Cosse, Arthur de. Corstorphine, Xiord of, aurnarned Poster, comes Coatras, JoyenSB goes to, 434 (p. 417). to Paris, 472 (p. 461). Cras[te], Boderigo de, detained by Don Cortes, Branciaco, passport for Low Countries Antonio, 59. See Castro, Buarte de. granted by Mendoza to, 97. Creighton, Father William, said to have Oorttriofc. See Courtrai. promised more than he oonld peiform, Cosse, Arthur do, Bishop of Coutanoes, sends in matter of money, 286. news of encounter between Frenoh and Creil, in Valois, assigned to Qnsefl of Navarre Spaniards to M. de Brissao, 307. as dowry, 62 {j), 5S). ,.,,, Charles de, younger Comte de lirissae, Crepy, 'Crepsi,1 in Valojs, assigned to Queen to helpll«gaeuots,4 (p. 3); mentioned of Hfssvarre as dowry, 63 (p. BS). 18 (jp. 17j; leaves coast with ships and mm, S3 ($. SO), 4 3 ; ooueers with Cueveocear, near Oambray, French troops at, CjueeB Mother, 74 (p.
Oonti, Princess of. See Cfoemf, Jeanne* de. Cooper, Iiione], in WilMains1 company, 268. Copeott, Reynold, obtains promise of payment of. dobfc from Van der Werke, 12; accepts commission given him for receipt and disposal of money, 16; GKlpin confers with, about payment of " debt to Elizabeth, 4 4 ; ruferenoa to ' substitution' made by Hoddesdon to,

GENEKAL CrosilleB, Croiseillis, M. da, captured by Prince of Epinoy's horseman, 475, 489. Croy, Charles of, Prince of Chimay, son. to Duke of Aersohot, said to have become a. Protestant, 151, 181 (p. 182); at Blushing, 37fi; oomes to Antwerp, 387, 389; Monsieur makes banquet for, S94 {•p. 890); Morris invites to banquet, 406; mentioned, 584; 'Simey,' mentioned in pasquinade, 5i9. , letters from, 170, 244, 505, 606. -. Oharies Philippe de, Marquis de Havreoh, half brother to the Duke of Aeraohot, Swiss fail to capture, 15; said to have come to Paris, 74 (p. 68); Meetkerke refers to his being in England with, 481 ; mass said in laouse of, at Brussels, 6S4. , Philippe (III) de, Duke of Aerschot, Prince of Ohimay, expected at Antwerp, 151; very ill, 454 ; mass said in house of, at Brussels, 634; 'Pere Arsoot,' mentioned in pasquinade, 549. Cujasi, Jaeques, ' CniaeiuB,' goes to Paris, 833 {p. 334). Culenboyg, ou the Bhine, held by Monsieur, 488 (2). Cunningham, William, Earl of CHenoairn. 'Clyncarne,'ssid to have been apprehended by Scottish King, 250. Curton. See Chatumnes. ' Carfctontte,1 M. de^ minister, 75. Cyprus, English merchant ships stayed in, 421 (p. 411),

D Dabesoott, Peter, in Williams' company, 263. Dalberg, Wolfgang TOD, Archbishop-Elector of Walaz, arrives at Augsbnrg, 179; anointed there, S10. Dale, Valentine, Master of Bequests, cle Pens, complains of being hardly used by, 256 ; de Pena refers to money lent by him to, 269,458; mentioned, 483. , , letter froiri, 193. Dallaber, — English doctor, in Paris, 360. Dalton, ensigns of, to be sent to Biest, 143 0189j , Marquis, disooTery of practioe intended by, against Bute of Parma, 86. ' Baljne,' Colonel of Prench In Ix>w Countries, 164, 176. Dam, near Groningen, ttount of Arenburg's father slain at, 477, Damme, SYenoh soldfets plaoed in, 258.

INDEX.

559

Dampmartin, Master of Requests in household o£ Unke of Anjou, sent with examination of Salcsdo and other plotters into France, 327. Dunnreiler, 'Daviiere,' statement of pay of garrison of, 3^8. Danelt, Audley, reference to letters for, 168, 2S5; reference to letters from, 175, 196, 237 (p. 241); Longefcon sends letter to, 361; • Longaton confers with, about money for Jjesienr, 427; reference to letter to, 508; reference to letter from, 5S3. ...,....., letter-sand dispatches from, 98, 109, 121, 142, 164,165, 181,189, 20e, 227, 248. 259, 303, 819, SS6, 38S, 363, 877, 392, 404, 428, 489, 465, 460, 462, 473, 491, 501, 514, 526. ...,,...., , brother of above, brings letters from WaJaingham to longston, 93; mentioned, 99, 109. Danguissole, discovery of praotiee intended by, against Duke o£ Parma, 86, Daniell, Bamaby, trumpeter in States' army, 260. Dantes, Sebastian, Portuguese merchant, signs bond to Captain Kenne, 452. t>anzay, —•, letter from, 290. Diipe, Jan Ae.-eschevin of Antwerp, 548. DarbiBhire, Dr. Thomas, Jesuit in Paris, Quwar applies to, for money, 149. Darjieves, Braneiseo, account of his capture by Kenne, 469. Daulton, —. Iiiicester's ' footman,3 807. DuuphiuC, regiment levied in, said to have done great harm in Sayoy, 348 ; cannons to bo made for, 348 {p. 338); many men in, trained for war, and unable to do any other work, 372. Dattphinols, Monsieur's companies of, come to frontier of Iiorraine, 288 {p. 28&). Davene, Chriatopher, of Nbrf olkf payment for wheat made to, 46. 'David the Italian.' Set Puizaio, Davis, •—, brings letter from Walsingnam to Oobham, 86. Deaae, Richard, in Williams' company, 263. Delfzyl, near Groniagen, EVenoh said to have taken, 445. Bellahay, Anthony, in 'Wiliiams* company, 363. . Dellamoye, John, in •Williams' company, 263. Belveyn (?), Boron, Bryan Qeognsgan in company with brother of, 807. Demeti'ius, Bmanuel,. takes iettEM from Iiesieur to Walsdiigta,m, 159. Dendermonde, lDerijion.d6l!JVlonsienrcoiuingto Antwerp by wty of, 302 {p. 297), SOS, 304; rumour of enemy in, 474; ' Termonde,' in danger through continuance of frost, 487; Breach army to march to, 527; Monsieur's army near, 631,536.

£60

GtENEEAL

Denmark, embassy TO, from England, 180; consideration at Augsburg of heavy tolls imposed by, on ships and mfcrohandlSB, 198; Treasurer of, persuades King of, to oppress English merchants and favour Spaniards, 217 (p. 216); Sour Members of Fl&ndera wish Lamoral of .Egaiont to make journey into, 305; notes on negotiations with, 551. ,.,, Queen of, health of, drunk at Elsinore, 207, .., Prenen ambassador in, reference to Order bestowed on King of Denmark by, 217 (p. 2W}. • ..,'.....„ Kiog of. See ErederiekII. ,...• , English Ambassador in. See Willougbby, Lord. Danys,. , Lieutenant, takes despatch from Herle to Walsinghate, 118. * Deperes,* fit. See Pierre, de la. Berbend, Spanish slaves reaqaed by English sailors near, 6 (p. 6). Derby, Earl of. See Stanley, Henry. ' Deslowe, Andrews,' 393. Desmond, Earl of. See ffitssgerald. Dethiok, Sir Gilbert, Garter King of Arms, letter of credence for, from Elizabeth - to King of Denmark, 130; takes Order of Garter to King of Denmark, 245, 25*. Dens Ponts, Duke of. See Zweibriicken. Deventer, on the Yssel, States' troops defeated at Loohem escape to, 315 (p. 309); held by Monsieur, 438 (2). DiaoBt.o, Ludoyioo, Count of Chateauvilain, kinsman of, wishes to visit England, 367. Bias, Antonio, account of his capture by Kenne, 489. , Stephen, S.J., signs bond to Captain Kenne, i52, DteppB, Seoteh ship laden with gunpowder at, 53 (p. 46); John Dowes goes to, 75; powder taken to Scotland from, 77 (p. 71); John Dowes' journey from, 91; gunpowder sent to Scotland from, 150 ; ArmeTiile obtains crew from, to attack English Vessels, 211 IVI; Cobham sends letters by way of, 249, 367, 353, 287 (#. 280); 1A Ghastre receives government of, 465. Biest (Brabaat), English Companies marck towards, 139,1^3 (p. 139); threatened by enemy, 2341|>. 238); Italian forces said to have arrived at, 235; enemy near, 237 {#• 241); new supplies sent to, 824; report that, enemy tne&ns to besiege, 335; Saisseval takes troops from, to attaok Louvain, 438; enemy korefsneaf.ieO,^^; PriaesofPwma may go towwda, BOO, Diet, Imperial. Set Empire. Bfea, ' Iddio,' Jsk> cb, oS coast of Britanny, "Sainte-Soleine's tessol wreaked ill* ' ,* Sir —> Irish tebel, 4S7,

INDEX. Dinguens, John (qy B'InigaBz;, Venero refuses to pay bills due to, 45. Dixmuyden, Diiraode, French' ensigns take Captain of ' Eousbraghe' prisoner at, 81; mentioned, 118 (p. 119); enemy making preparations to besiege, 160; Ereneh companies go into, 185,258. Dooival, —, Captain in Frenoh fleet for Don Antonio, 115. Doan {?), Nicholas, French pirate, note of spoils captured l>y, from E^-iah merchants, 543. Bubsborg, in G-elderfand, Monsieur intends to put garrison into, 18; soldiprs will not dislodge from garrison at, withoaE pay, 30; cornets at, receive small amount of pay, 191; beld for Monsieur, 438 (2). Doinetoi, Joseph, Sieur de Saiute-Soleine, ' Sainfas^ouline, " S t . Soleame,' tnaitrede-camp in army for Don Antonio, 05, 115; tries to esoape. from Teroera, 348 (i>. 335); action of, at battle of Azores, 353 (p. 345); «aid 6o have returned from I'eroeras, 457 ; vessel of, said to have been wrecked off coast of Britanny, 471, 472 (p.. 460). Dollenville. See OllenyiUe. Dominican friar, Irish, in Pope's new Council, '494 (i>. 485); goes to England from Borne, 538. Doni, Gai-lo, a Florentine, wishes to visit Englwid, 257; Cobham sends letter bys letter from, 408. .......„, Ottaviano, brother of above,Treasurer to Queen Mother, 257, 366, 408. Dor, Pierre, 'Piedro d'Oro,* agent of Don Antoaio, in Antwerp, IS (j), 17); brin^ news of preparations in 3?rance for Don Antonio, 85 (p. 78);' Perrador,' oousin of, brings declaration from Don Antonio to Paris, 247 (p. 248); cornea to Paris from Flanders, 287 (p. 280); mentioned, 288 <#. 283). Dordrecht, Dort, people of Holland promise to pay money to Elizabeth at, 12; Lesieur refers to letter written at, 124; merchandise conveyed to England from, 361; foreign goods brought to, instead of Antwerp, 388. Dorio, Klipe, Hollands shipped ia vessel oft 45(^.40). Dorja, 0-iovaE Andrea, to be Viceroy of Sicily, 108, 'Anareetta. Dorio, 113 (p. I l l ) ; made Vifisroy of Bfaples, 143 {p. 140); mentioned, 423 (p. 415), Dotpe, Adrian v#n dear, JTorris obtnins money through credit of, 165. Dottkutn, on the Ehine, held by Monsieur, Bonay, ia Artols, Oastle HBSSC, taken by men of * Bouohara and Oambray, 53; Jehaa. Qower iires in, 66; mentioned, 118 (p. 118) -, people of, submit to SLonsienr, US {p. 121); French foot-new?,- 126 (#,126); some of Prime of Parma's troops hear, 391; Prince ot Pa*ma d j victuals from townsabont,440.

GENEBAL Donbat, —, captain1 of Franca infantry, slain in battle of Azores, 213. Douglas, Arohibald, Barl of Angos, 'Anguisshe,' Lord Hamilton hopes to join, in cause of Religion, 210; d'Aiibigny causes, to be banished, 421 (p, 412), , Archibald, Lord Hamilton sends uiessage of friendship to Earl of Angus * by, 210 ; brings news of events in Soofclmd to Walsinghmn, 298. , George, merchandise of, 370. .James, Earl of Morton, d'Aubigny's enemies likely to have same payment as, 348 (p. 335); reference to death of, 421 (p. 412); all about Scottish king confederates of Honsa of, 473 (p. 461), Dover, boats o£, taken at Calais to bring soldiers to Low Countries, 325 ; licence of, 834; Doni complains of discourtesy used to him at, 403. Dowes, John, letters from, 75, 91. Doyen, M., dispatched by Monsieur to meet Dake of. Monfcpensier, 473, Doyley, Thomas, gent by Herle to Walsingham, 85 (p. 80); reference to letters from, 17& .., letters from, 30,70,157,180, 237, SS3/337,350, 477, 502. Doyly, Charles, Gobham delivers money to, 152. Drake, Sir Francis, Mendoza wishes for redress of robberies of, 7; Zubiaur wishes to recover damages dona by, 52; treats Antonio de Castillo with courtesy and kindness, 56. Dresnas, —du, Captain in 'army' for Don Antonio, 95, 115; Dresnay, aotion of, at battle of Azores, 353 (p. 351). Dro, Martin, of Zealand, to be Admiral of Holland and Zealand ships, 85 {> 78). Dudley, Bobart, Earl of Leicester, 18 (p. 16); said to be in arras against Earl of • Sussex, 18 <2>. 17); ' Tresam incurs displeasure of, 50; . mentioned, 70; Herle refers to his letter from, 86 (p. 79); mentioned, 118 (jp. 116); mediates between Norrik and North, 119; mare sent to, instead of to Walsingham, 130; reference to letter from Herle to, 134; reference to letter from Aston to, 143 (p. 141); mentioned, 154; Eogers desires himtowrite on his behalf, 194(1), 1^5)1 mentioned, 284; Irish * footman ' of, in Count Brisaae*a ship, 287,288 (p. 282); servant of, wounded in encounter before Ghent, 302 {p, 296) S mentioned, S31, 367, 381; Duke Casimir promises to send wine to, 459, '. .., letters to, 270s411. • Duffel, 'DuffilL' castle of, on river of Lierr», taken by Prenok, 390, Dawbarton, d'Aabigny to give up fortress of, Dunes, the, abbey of, Bear STieiiport, camp

- of rBitersat,ie3. 16077

'

INDEX.

561

Dunkirk, Boohepot marches towards, 109; Count Ulrica of Manrfeldt comes to Antwerp from (j>, 118); French troops to cross to, from Grarslines, 143 (p. 139); Monsieur's earap goes from Ghent to, 147 ; Eoohepot marches to, 151 ; CMup from Ghent goes to, 157= 164, 169 ; order of camp at, 175; States' camp near, 180, 184, 185, 203 {p, 203); Italian accomplice of Saloedo taken at, 204; men departing daily froin, for want of pay, 205 ; John Cobham visits camp near, 309 ; Monsieur's camp near, 230; .IJTorris comes to, 222 ; pay for troops sent to, 227 (p. 228); Monsieur's camp aad enemy's close to, 235 ; accomplices of Saloedo captured at, 238 ; French troops to come to, by water, 243 ; Monsieur removes camp from, 253 ; garrison of, will receive no more French.' 259 ;- reference to sudden removal of States' oamp from, 278, 280 (p. 278), 283; mentioned, 297, 306, 320; Parma wiU not allow French . to slip through, his hands at, 8S8 ; Scottish companies at, sent into Brabant, 891, 392 ; prisoners executed at, 405 ; to make provision for French and Swiss troops, 475 ; Monsieur sends gentlemen to meet French nobles at, 493; mentioned, 529 J discord between soldiers and burghers at, 531, 5S3, 536. : letters and dispatches dated at. 184, 185,190, 191, 195,196, 205, 208,214, 217, 219, 221, 222, 236, 352, 2&3. Durant, •—, French captain slain St XiOchem, 315 (p. 309). Doras, Marguerite d'Aure de Gframmont, Viscountess of, favourite of Queen of Navarre, iusnlteA by Olermoiri; d"Amboiae, 4 (jp, 4). Datch, merchants, 93; companies at Dunkirk, 164; post, TDanett Bands letter by( 189; merchants to furnish money for debt due to FaHavicino and Spinola, 197; 'book' sent to Walsinghain, 220; post, , 237, 259; horse. Sorris lakes for relief of Loohem. 320; reference to letter concerning trade of, 361 ;.sma.ll shipping of, from Antwerp, 388; merchants trading ia London, Danett speaks with secretary o£,462. Dnten, WUldn Tan, merchant of Hamburg, signs petition against SaeUard. S5L Dyninon, Bobert, in WilHams' company, 263, Dyok, Adrian, Greffi«r of Antwerp, 548.

GBNEBAL

562

Bam Chaudea, 'Agues' Chaades, in Beam, King of Navarre at, 4 (p. 3). Eochove, 'Eooove,' oastle of, near Malines, French take, 387; ' Eeoven,' 889; 'Ecooe,'390, 893,413. Eeoloo, States' camp commanded to march to, 258; Monsieur's army on its way to, 499, 500, 504, 527. Edelkirohen, —, oaptain of guard of Duke of Cloves, 194 {p. 195). Edinburgh, Scottish king withdraws himself from d'Aubigny in, 368; convention to be held at. 402; Lady Fernhurst spaaks with king of Seots.at, 473 (p. 461). Edward IV, King of England, reference to treaty between Xing of Denmark and, 551. Edwards, Captain, lieutenant of, slain, 294 Edaard, Count of Embden, or East Friesland, States decide to Bend embassy to, 18 {p, 16); King of Spain sends to, 175; Bologne seeks to sow division between, and his brother, 308; reference to letters -written by, 550. Egerton, Thomas, deputy of Merchants Advenr turers, 437. Egmont, Lamoralj Count of, his castle of Gasbeek token by Malcontents, 14; Salaedo practises to comray to enemy, 181 (p. 182); a prisoner under guard in hia house 185, 189; sent to Slays under guard, 192, 195 ; thinks to clear himself of charge of conspiracy with Salee&o, Ifl9; in oiiatody of Marquette, 199, 303; his part in bonspiraay 204, 208; under guard ru his own lodgings, 231; not to Be torfured, 238; Bellievra attdUrularfc to treat for life of, 249; sent to Sluys, 268; reference to complicity of, in Saloedo'a plot, 305. „., Philip, Count of, elder brother of above, strictly imprisoned for Salcedo's plot, 203 (p, 203), 204; statement of pay of Spanish troops andev, 328. Eikel, Dietrik vaa, Oounoillor of Duke of •

Cl6YB9,4S8.

Elbceuf, Duke of. See Lorraine, Rene Ae. Eliot, Edward, leSter-bearer, 49. Eliz&fcetb, Queen of England, warrants to bB signed by, 1; Queen of Scots' requests to.. 2 ; mentioned, 6 ; Mendoza requests attdience with, 7; wishes to receive payment of debt from Antwerp, 10; money promised to, 12; makes show of good will towOTds Queen of Soots, 13; Rossel complains of receiving no consideration from, 16 ; people of States fielsy to repay loan from, 17; mentioned, IS {pr IS); rumour of

INDEX. Elisabeth, Queen of England—coat. rebellion against, 18 {p. 17); Mendoxa wishes to receive answer from, 19; complaints made to, of Spanish ships attacked by English, 2 1 ; tord Hamilton expresses devotion to., 24, 25 ; wiahes to know Jffonsieur'a dealings concerning marriage, 26; Flemish merchants endeavour to contartt, 27 ; commandB Cobham to inform French king of her desire touching her 'indisposed' subjects ia Branoe, 33 (JJ. 28j; her good disposition towards King of Savarre, S3 (p. 29;; reference to Oobham'a Buit to, 86; mentioned, 37; Mendoza wishes for audienoe with, 38 ; deht to, from States, 40; dealings of States taken unkindly by, 42; Gilpin fails to receive Batisfaotioa from Antwerp for, 44; Mauviseiere expresses devotion to, 47; reference to letter from, to French sovereigns, 48; mentioned, 49, 60; Castillo wishes to receive satisfaction from, for Drake's piracies, 52; referenoe to marriage, 54; mentioned, 57 ; Mauviaaiere entreats, for pardon for Pollard, 58; to be shown letter from Don Antonio, B9; Don Antonio regrets giving annoyance to, 60 ; mentioned,' 62 {p. 54;; offers ma<de by Dictz Bohomberg to, concerning unicorn's horn, 64; J ehrau flower wishes Boman religion to be restored in England by, 6G; Paul Aurat o&rs to be solicitor in Antwerp to cause contentment to be given to, 67; Maurissi^ro wishes Justice to be done to owners of Brenoh ships by, 72; account of Geneva, to be read to, 78 (p. 67); mentioned, 74 (p. 68); her promises to Casisiir, 7C ; refuses • to let messengers go to France without her knowledge, 77 (p. 71); concerning her marriage, 77 (p. 71) i wishestoknow trath of rumours of French king's dealings with Scotland, 7 (p. 71); wishes to sell diamond, 77 (p. 72); mentioned, 82; PaHavioino wishes to be of service to, S3; la Eoque intends ' to go to, 85 (p. 78); States harp still on marriage of, 65 (p. 82); young Earl of Bothwell well affected to, 87, 150 (J). 151); Spaniards and Italians may Tie employed to injury of, 8S; mentioned, 9S, 94; marvels that she has heard nothing further about marriage, 101; mentioned, 102 (p. 99); her. wishes- touching English captains imprisoned at lours, 114. (p. 113); Herle sends 'platt' of Oudenarde to, US (p. 116); Monsieur wishes to send tapestry to, 118 (p. 119); mentioned, 122; touching money required for, from States, 123; Bacquevllle OODXplsins to, of wrong done to him by English merchant ship, 127; Marehaumonfc wishes to obtain money from for Monsieur, . 128 ; mentioned, 129 ; requested by Steozzi to send vesfsalB for Pcurtnguese expedition, 132 ; Don Antonio wishes for aol&ers from, 133;

GBNEBAL INDEX. Elizabeth, {jueen of England—eon*. Leybam sent to, from Don Antonio, 186; reference to letter from, on behalf of Osborne anjl Staper, 141; d'Aubigny nourishes Scottish ting in worst hnmonr towards, 143 (j?. 141); ' 0-ower receives pardon from, 149; French ting wishes for friendship of, and for good success of marriage, 150; help from, much wished for in Netherlands, 161; Chevalier Breton might do secret service for, in Savoy, 152; Oastodio Leytara wishes fov audience with, 163 ; Cobhain refers to his suit to, 156; gtates-0-eneral do nothing for satisfaction oE, 158; Pope and Inquisition extend enures to enttap subjects of, 162 ;Mauvissiere wishes for an answer from, 166, 168; Prince of Chhnay begs to be recommended to, 170; Ouetodio Ijeyt&in awaits letter from, 171; writes to French ting, concerning Osborne's ship, 178; des Ouches asks for passport from, 174; reference to letter from, to IJesiour, 177; French Mag -writes to Mauyisaiere touching defraying of Monsieur's • expenses iu Flanders, to content, 179; S&inte-Aldegonde reminds Wakingham of his promisa in regard to good offices to be done with, 182; Mauvissiere has aoowes to, 183; wishes Cobham to impress upon French ting the necessity of giving support to Monsieur, 186 (p. 185); Norn's will prefer will of, before his own reputation, 184; Gerbardt van dem Birbonm solioits payment of bonds due from, 186 i Hogers wishes her to write to Baron of Anholt on his behalf, 194; Ytnans sent to, for satisfaction of debt due to, from States, 197"; Iiesienr dedicates his services to, 199; French ting promises to discharge, of all charges of war if she will marry Monsieur, 200; health of, drunk at Elsinore, 207; Earl of Iifndsayinolined to, 210: writes to French king on behalf of Osborne and Staper, 211 (ft); French King refers to close (unity with, 211 (o); Pallavieino hopes to send present to, 212; King of Denmark professes great friendship for, 215 (p. 216); Queen of ' Scots aslre, to b& allowed to live at liberty in one of her houa«3, 218; mentioned, 221,234,22S, 226.; Ool»haui discusses marriage of, in audience with French ting, 229; reference to Manviasiere's conference with* 229 O SSI); tffenoh sovereigns deny that they know of any commissions that might restrain subjects of, from trading with Spain, 230; mentioned, 232, 284; rumour of intent to murder, 334 (p. 238); reference to letter from, concerning Sogera'release, 239 (1); M, d'Ohain wishes authority of, used to prevent his postmen being molested by. Tan. den Putte, 242; said not to have disliked English mutineers joining enemy, 243;

563

Elizabeth, Queen of Bngland—cont, French king commands a coaoh to be made for, 249; French king will acquit, of charges of war in Flanders if marriage may proceed, 249; King of Nnyarra's agent to repair to, 260,251; reference to letter to, from Parma, concerning Bogers, 262; continuation of friendship hoped for between King of Denmark ajtd, 234; information concerning administration of her dowry sent to, 255; de P6na wishes to present a request to, in order to obtain payment of debt from Dale, 256; Carlo Doni wishes to visit Ooort of, 257, 266; mentioned, 261,.262, 265. 269, 271 j 272; correspondence between Prinoe of Orange and, 274; mentioned, 280; Queen Mother wishes, to help Bon Antonio, 288; French merchants irish to intercede with, against JEngHsh pirates, 292; Walsingham makes good report of Shelley to, 296; reference to ' letters from, concerning Bogers, 297; finds fault with charge of conveying diBpatchcB to and from France, 298; Council of State in Low Gauntries writes to, to oompkin of English pirates, 299; Feratbosoo refers to annuity pnid him by, S01; mentioned, S02; letters of, used graekmaly ai Imperial Diet, 802 (p. 297); mentioned, 303, 807, Bryan ©eoghagan refew to his bearing arms sgsjnst, 308; suggestion that Zolchej" should receive pension from, 310 (JJ. 306), 313; writes to Duke of Cleves on Eogers"1 behalf, 315 {.$. 308); Unke of Oleves offers to perform any service for, 316; ought to help Don Antonio, 817; declaration by French ting concerning marriage of Monsieur ana, SIS; Don Antonio sends gentleman to, 322; Ashby to take letters from Emperor to, 323; mentioned, 334, 326; yassals of Don Antonio tinder great obligation to, 329; makes restraiiitof all licences, 334; mentioned, 887 {f. 327); Italfea gentlemen wish to see, 389; petition of merchants of Bouen to. 340,341; said to have been cause of raid of fiuthven, MS (p. 335); mentioned, 346.348,3S2; Paget intends to write to, S54; Cobhtaa. wishes to receive help from, m his suit, S54; does not wish letters sent to Queen of Seotefrom "Breach King and Queen through JSffauyissiere, 357; Iiesietsr requests to have allowance from, for Eogere' diet, 35S; Kittg of Spain seeks to make factioa in Scotland against, 358; mentioned, 360, 361; Eogeis wishes her to write to Duke of Oleves on his behalf, S66; mentioned, 367; reference to letter fromj toirahing English merchants in &eX>eY»nt, 36S; Gobham recommends Jjord Peroy to, 369;' mentioned,-870; Preneh Hag wishes to receive promise of help from, if he should. •QMertake war wim Spain, 372; Uussiwi merahanta write concerning was sold fcy them to, BIS;

564

GEN1EAL INDEX.

Elizabeth) Queen of England—COM. Elizabeth, ijueen of England—eont. letters from Monsieurto, 532; supposed mentioned, 374; Monsieur writes to, praotioa of Pop« and Ki»g of Spain to desire that Merchants Adventurers against, 538; Queen Hotter dislikes may not leave Antwerp,. 377 (#. 376); conditions propounded by. for helping mentioned, 379, 880; said to be aiding Don Antonio,.. 383; mentioned, 384; ' , Don Antonio, 540; la Mothe-Knelon's dealings with, 641; mentioned, 543; •wish of, to unite Scotland with questions concerning marriage of, 645; England, 886; mention^, 388, 393, reference to letter from, to Emperor on 394 (p. 389), 396, 897 (JP. 395); behalf of Merchants Adventurers, 5B0; regoiree that England shall not enter reference to commissioners from, sent into war in Low Countries, 398; to Denmark, B51. mentioned, 899; would hi willing to help King of Jrance against Spain, letters and dispatches written under certain conditions, 402; mento, 3,38. 63,108, 104, 117, 144, 201, tioned, 405, 408, 411, 412; Eogera 202, 228. 23S, 244, 245, 290, 274 (2), •wishes, to write to Baion of Anholi, 282, 299, 314, 327, 329, 409, 410, 429, 416 (p. 407); Monsieur wishes, to 460, 490 (2), 496, 606. command Merchants Adventurers mot Ellis, Joseph, merchant, note, of spoils taken to leave Antwerp, 418; M. Mallet sent from, byFrenoh pirates, 543: to, from Geneva. 419; reference to 131menhorst, John, citizen of Lwbeok, King of letter from, concerning English merDenmark writes concerning, 108, 28^. chants in the Levant.. 421; la MotheJPenelon wishes Prench King to give Elsinore, letters dated at, 207, 264, 261, 262. satisfaction to, 423 (p. 414); la Mothe- Elte, Eist, James von, elector of Treves, Uenelou to negotiate affairs between consecrated Archbishop at Augsburg, Preach king and, 424; said to be 333 Q>. S2S). satisfied by d'Armeville, 424 (p. 417); Emanuel PhOibert, late Duke of Savoy, his mentioned, 426 ; Gilpin brings letters dealings with Geneva^ 73. from Emperor to, 427; mentioned, 430, 433, 4331 Dr. Beutrioh wishes .Embden, GHlpiu goes to, 85 (p. 78); mentioned, 358; English merchants at, 427; trade Cantons ta write to, on behalf of of merchants adventurers well under'Churohes of the Religion, 434; stood at, 550. Q-eoghagan wishes to receive pardon from, 437 ; sends agent to the Levant Embden, Count of. See Edsard, on behalf of merchants, 441; Pope Emden, Hanse van, smith in States' army. 263. annoyed at la Mothe-Fenelon's going to, 442; delBene wishes Elizabeth to Smmeriek, enemy believed to hiive crossed enter into alliance with J?ranee against Ehine near, 338, 347, 850; ' Embrick,' Spain, 444; Mmedela Noue solicits sons of rittmeister of Bredeforde at favour of, for her husband, 448; does school at, 366not wish la SEoihe Eenelon to go to Scot- Emperor, See Rudolf II. land, 449; reference to corporations established jn Middelbnrg by authority Empire, the States decide to send embassy to 18(£>. 16); Imperial Diet, 67, 7$ 118 of, 453; does not intend to detain (p. 120); King of Spain said to be Portuguese and Jesuit refogees at Sonthgoing to crave aid of Princes of, against hampton, 461; mentioned, 468. 464; Monsieur, l&l (p. 181); Bogers conFrench King does not wish to help sidered to be enemy of, 194 (p. 194); d'Aubigny lest lie shonld give offence peace of, to be deliberated upou at to, 472 (j>. 462); mentioned, 474; Augsburg, 198; princes of, to consider reference to her prudence in dealing maintenance of garrisons in Hungary, with Scotland, 476; free trade permits 309 (p. 209); debate at Diet, whether ted to subjects of, in Italy, 478; her it bs not prejudicial for state of, for wishes concerning marriage with MonMonsieur to be in Low Countries, 237 sienr,479; has great opinion of Pinart, (p. 241); Monsieur and JPxince of . 480; employs herself for preservation Parma to abstain from annoying conor Seottish King's person and digirityfinesof, 302 (p. 297), 310 (p. 305); 480^.472); mentioned, 481,488; lord war in Low Countries not to be made a Hamilton sends letter to, 488; Dr. eanse of action in, 823; cities of, Peferns de Botis offers hfe services to reluctant to contribute to Turkish war, 489,490; mentioned, 491 j DukeCasi333 (p. 323); reference to English mir writes to, 495; Date of Bonfllon merehaiits in, 437; Oasimir writes professes good will to, 498; refereace oonoerning establishment of Protestant to letter from Monsieur to, 60S; religion in, 496, 496; cause of Mernegotiation coneerning jnamaga, SOT, chants Adventurers treated in. assembly 608; CJaeen, Mother revests ships of Princes of, £50. . from, tor PorfengftI, 509; mentioned 610,517; Piaart wishes she bad some Emprees.. See Mary of Castile, . fifecetobe Htarried to Monsieur, 520; Emson, William, in WilliamB* eomjsay, 262. Silpin deals with many doneetnins lEaokhuysen, %boat from, taken br 32neliah oonfcentoent of, 533; reference to captains, 60. -

GENEEAL Bnghien, ' Engyne/ battering-pieoes tp come to, 512. EDgland, said to be in arms against the Queen, 18 {$. 17); Bacqneville to be resident in, 18 if. 19); popish books sent into, 22; Flemish fugitives go to, 29 ; reference to visit of French commissioners to, SS {p. 29); 0-erinan gentleman offers to send new artillery into, 35; STendozu, suggests leaving, 38; commission, f rotu Anjou to North to raise men in, 39; Van Sand refers to his observations concerning pnblio weal of, 49; M. de la Roquesaid to be going to, 53 !p: 46); Duke of Guiae wishes to confer with ' honorable person' from, 61; Jehan. Grower wishes Jvomun religion to be restored in, 66; meranauta of, 67; Pope, princes ofItaly, King Philip and France, said to be sending troops through Duke of Savoy's country to, 73( p. 68j;HerlB's report of civil d jesension in ,85 {p- 80); States wish for help from, 85 (p. 82); Cobham suggests that young Bothwell should pass through, 87; Capponi suspected of doieg some turn for Spaniards when he returns to, 91 ; Guise sendB some of his household to; 91 (.p. 89); Dutch merchants' goods in, 93; Gusfcodio Iieytam sent by 3Don-Antonio . into, 114 (p, 113,1; Italian prisoners in, lid (p. 114); Don. Autonio's ship from, burnt, 115 ; mentioned, 118 (p. US); Monsieur solicits money from, for Netherlands, 118 (p. 110); reference to goods sent to, from Antwerp, 123; Earl Bothwell afraid to pass into, 136 ; nons from, to remain in Borne, except in. seminaries, 137; Scottish King said to be hardly dealt with by, 143 (#. 141); Duke ofLiJtzelstein'sson to go to, 144 ; Gower wishes for money to transport him into, 149; Italian applies to Cobham for means to paBS into, 179; Sainte-Aldeggnde reminds Walsingham of promises given him in, 182; Qrerard Byrbottm •wishes his protest to be made known in, 186; Rogers' detention may eatise apprehension of Mendoza in, 194 (p. 194); Ymans has commission to Satisfy Pallavioino and - Spinola in, 197; consideration at Angshnrg of heavy tolls inyposed hy, on. ships and merchandise, 198; Monsieur sends news of conspiracy to, 206; Armeville attacks English skips on coast of, 211 (e); CJueen of Soots wishes to see France. Sontland and, in good understanding, 218; speeches of money sent toMonsteurfrotn, 220; mentioned, 325.; reference to marriage negotiation passed in, by Ifrench Commissioners, 229; Gnstodiolieyfeimto reside in. Paris on his return from, 230; Mark Hess' sent to buy cloth in, 233; dislike in Low Countries of men recommended by great persons oat of, 243; King of Havarre's agent to r'epnir to, 3B0; Iiesieur suggests that- ecclesiastical should meef. «iin-required for

INDEX.

565

.England—cant. Eogers' releaas, 252; Doni wishes to , • visit, 257; money sent to Monsieur from, 258; mtoy English troops repair jjito, 259; news of battle of Azores hoped for in Paris from, 260; Oobbam fears his letters to, may l>e intercepted, , 267 ; news of Strozzi's action roceiTsd in Paris from, 268; Knollys transports Breton orewinto, 280 (p. 272); Spanish ambassador in Paris anxious to hare news from, of battle of Azores, 287; Earl of Leicester's footman not to return to, 288 (p. 282); Shelley considers that ' a realm of,. ought to be forthcoming' to encounter Eranee and Spain, 296; reference to wish of. to hold balance between 3?rance and Burgundy, 300 ; Ferrabosco wishes to return to, 301; Englishmen leave Antwerp to gather new company in, 802 ( 3?298); Browne's book seat into, 80S; no posts leaving Ghent for, 305 ; B'onr Members of Flanders wish Lamowl of Egmont to make journey into, 305; Zoloherput to many expenses in, 310 (•p. 306j; Zoleher returning to, 312; Osbome's ship said to .be on way to, 332; news of Don Antonio comes to Low Countries from, 337 (p. 828) • Italian gentlemen, wish to visit, 339; mentioned, 344: Paget wishes to return to, S64; reference to former enmity between !Ftaaee and, 857; reference to Dutch merchants' trade in shipping for, 861; ships prepared for Don Antonio in, 368; Norris orders mares to be sent to, from Holland, 376; Cobham writes on behalf of Italian wishtngto go to, 378; ships for Don Antonio expected from private persons in, 383; ambassador comes to, from Duke of ijoseovia. 385; uniting • of Scotland to, wonld be of great comfort and profit, 386; Estates resolve tKol there is no remedy but out . of, S94{i).B89); Count O&ttvio :Landi desires to. jisit, S96 {j>. S94j_; Geoghagan will return to, when he is pardoned, 397 (p. S95); Elizabeth requires that, shall not enter into war in Low Countries, 898; Giraldes refers to his good reputation in, 899; la HotberFenelon to go to, 424; Lesieur intends to depart for, 427; mentioned, 431, 483; reference to la MotlieFenelon's journey into, 442; Hanse towns make complaints of hard dealing used in, against strangers, 453: la • -Mothe-Feaelon goes toWaidSj 457, 467; reference to Pinart's stay in, 480; newimpcraitipna levied m,against French, 480_(jp,. 471); protestations against, Portuguese brought into, by Kenne, 481; IJoi-d BTamiJton intends to repair into, 488; Norris defers his journey to, 493; letterB from, sent to nuncio in Paris, 494 (p, 485} -f pardon fromPdjJe seat to Papists in, 497; Bishop of Glasgow reueifes letters , 1t<m, 498;

566

GENERAL

England—-cont.

Pinart refers to his stay in, 60? (p. • 498); French king wishes to have order token in, for avoidance of piracy, 530; reference to good understanding between Scotland and, 525; friend of Yjlliera goes to, 530; reference to danger to, from Pope and King of Spain, 538; Don. Antonio _ -wishes to repair to,. 590; King of Soots, by marriage with Xing of Spain's daughter •would increase his party in, 545, English, ships at Ihlle Isle, 4 (p. 4); soldiers joining camp near Omdenstrde, 14; ships said to have committed violence in Spain, 21; captains in Low Countries .mutiny, SO ; soldiers, North to admit none but. into his companies, 39; said to be prisoners in Naples and Malta, 48; seminary men and priests in France, 54; ship arrives at Teroeras, 62 (#. 53); bishop in Borne, Jehan Grower ordained deaoon by, 66; pirates, French boat robbed by, 75; soldiers, great desire at Bruges for coming of, 8 1 ; Mauvissiere wishes ships in French ports to be restored, 82; troops with Non-is, 85 (#. 79); assist men of Tercera to take island of St. Michael, 86 (p. 84); imprisoned in Borne, 8S; vessels with French soldiers on board for Don Antonio, 95; ships at TeroBra, 105; forces with Rochepofc, 109; forces leave BVfesland, 110; captains imprisoned at Tours, 114 (p. 113) • vessels infleetfor Bon Antonio, 115 (p. 115} ; company under Williams attacks enemy's camp, 118; soldiers under North and Cotton mutiny, 118 (p. 121); companies to receive pay and join, camp, 131; merchant snip, BacqneriUe complains of wrong done to him by, 127; soldiers Don Antonio wishes fors 133; many in Lyons, 137; soldiers at Ondenarde shew great courage, .138; companies inarch to Biest, 139; attack enemy near fthemt, 142; ensigns, Bruges wishes for garrison of, 143 (p. 139); merchants, in Boron, Oobham tnovDs French king on behalf of, 160 (p. 149); merchants, Baoqueville said to be seeking to spoil, ISO (p. IS!); soldiers mutiny and take Horris prisoner, 151; troops cannot agree with French, 154; colonels of, at Dunkirk, 175, 180; mutiny appeased, . 18© (jJ. 180); young Horris to report to Walsingham on state of, 185; oofpets hafts -vanguard mote oftea than any oQk&r nation inliOvrOoiintries, 191; troops, bad management of, 205; controversy between Itenoh. and, in States' oamp, 208; ship detained at HalfeC letters ' coneernmg, 211 (&), (h); ships, AlmevUle attacks, 211 (e); referenae to nbusea offered by Itench tOj in Sow Cknmtriss, 214; Treaeurer of Denmark aofc well-affieoted to, 216 ($. 31S5)} do good wrriee in notion jjewBergbM, 317, 21% 221, 237 (p. 283); cloth, Ring bt S^dea wishes

INDEX. English—contt duty on, to be remitted, 233; trouble between French and, in States' camp, 284 ; (p. 287); do good service, 235 ; ill-handled for pay and food, 286; troops go over to enemy, 236 ; reference to good service done by, 2SS, 243; mutineers, referenoe to revolt of, 248 J mutineers well received by Parma, 252; not made of much account in States camp, 259 ; Williams' company passed in muster, 2&3; de P4n» serviceable to, 289 ; book, sent by Merchants Adventurers to Walsinghftra, 271 ; troops, Harris maintains his integrity before, 277 ; soldiers in Slates' camp badly fed and paid, 280 (p, 273); colonels. Prince of Orange said to have used hard speeches against, 234 ; merchants, 291 ; pirates, French merchants complain of, 292 ; enemy attacked valiantly by, 294; merchants in. Venice, '• 296; pikeraen held in esteem by States, 800 ; post from Low Countries, 302 ; show great courage in skirmish, before Ghent, 302 (p. 295), 303, 304, 305 ; post, 319 ; forces at Borgerhout, 319 ; merchants in Antwerp relieve the poorer sort, 319; {p, 312); horse, Sforria takes for relief of Loohem, 320 ; pirates, French complaints of, 824 ; imprisoned for piracy committed on French, 331 ; post, 385; companies at Borgerhout, 336 ; reference to valiant behaviour of, in retreat before Ghenti 337 (p. 827); post, 338; disliked in Holland, 338 ; merchants at Eouen complain of being oppressed, 341 ; commodities, note of impositions and taxes raised upon, 841 (p. 332); complaints Made against English pirates; 348 (p. 840), 351 ; companies, Count of Hoheiilohe sends request for, 350; ships at Malta, Pope gives order for release of, 852; captains at Tercera, news of approach of French fleet sent to, 35S (p. 34C); greyhounds, La Chapelle-des'Drains wishes for, 356; troops in Low Countries disband themselves for poverty, 358; rebels, ensign of, defeated ' near Menin, 359; quarrel with French at Antwerp, 363; merchants in the Levant, Cobhara hopes to receive favour from French, king for, 368; prisoners in Paris, Cobhatti reqnestj that they • may ba sent to wars in Kanders,S68 (p. S67); march to Alost, 377; merchants afc Antwerp, sent for by Monsieur, 377 (p. 376); at Be*genhon6, 890, 477; troojs refuse to stir without pay, 392; agent to be sent to Constantinople, 396 (p. 392); depredations committed by, on French, • 423 (p. 415), 4M 0», 417); merchants at EmbSen. traffic of, 427; troops with Saissevah428, 439; merchants in the Levant, Trench king writes on behalf of, 441; soldiers transferred to Brassels, 4451 corporations in Low Countries,

567

CKENEBAL INDEX. English— cent. Hanse towns spread libels against, 4631 troops go towards Brussels, 460; ship with Portuguese refugees arrives at Southampton, 461; company ia Kinove, 462; pirate robs Portuguese ship at Angra, 469; cornets hope to enter Alost, 470, 473; trade in Italy, 478; reference to depredations committed by French on, 480 (p. 471); captains, Portuguese deal lewdly with, 481; horse in land of Waest, 491; ships, Queen Mother requests, for Portugal, 509; mutineers executed at Brussels, 514; in Eyndhoven, 536 ; regiments to be reformed, 536; longbow men, in Antwerp, 548. English, William, English merchant at Rouen, signs petition, 341. , —, master of ship, brings money to Monsieur from England, 18 (p. 18). Englisberg, ' Englisptur,' Ulrioh of, bailiff of Griiy©re, ambassador from Fribourg, to French king, 519. Enriquez, Antonio, son of King of Spain's steward, in army for Teroeras, 112. , Pedro, ia army for Terceras, 112, Entragues, Catherine de Balsao d1, wife of Dnie of Lennox, in Paris, 370. Entragues,

See BJIISEIC.

Entremont, Duchess d', bastard brother of . Duke of Savoy said to be going to marry I daughter of, 283. Epernon, Duke of. See Nbgaret. 1 Epinay, Francois d', Seigneur de Saint-Luc, ; one of the King's minions, putting' himself into army at Belle Isle, 62 {p. '. 53); governor of Brouage, arrives at Dunkirk, 205 (p. 206), 227 (p. 228j; angered with French troops at Ghent, 302 (p. 296); uses Norris with great courtesy, 428; tries to sttrprise Lierre, 439; quarrel between Gauville and, 456; report of defeat of, 465; reference to quarrel befcVreen GauviUe and, 477; reference to trords spoken by, towards •Prince of Orange, 494 (i>. 484); withdraws to France, 498, 514. Epinoy, Prince of. See Mehm, Pierre de. ....„..., Eriuoess of. See Lalaing, Philippade. Epping. Gerhard, merchant of Hamburg, signs petition against Saokford, 351. Erasao, Cristofero de, in army for Teroeras, 118; companies of, 14S. Ergimbergue, qy. Esoljeabeot, castle of, refer-, ence to capture of, by enemy, 499. ' on the Maae, takea by enemy, 302 p. 297). s, Jean Pernsse A', Sieur de Vangoyon, sent by French king to King «l Navarre, 4 (p. 3); accompanies Oobham to see Queen of Navarre,, 33 ($. 29). Esoosse, 1 merchant jeweller in Paris. 24. " . Bseotedo, Antonio A\ seat from Don Antonio to Cobham, 74 (p. 88}, •

d', Haiku in command of oofnet of horse at Gh6nt; 180. Estampes, Olaude d', Sienr de Ia EerWImbault, and ministei' of Duke of Anjou, comes to Oambr^sis, 118 {p. 118); near Orovelines, 487. Este, Alfonso IX, Duke of Ferrara, Duke of Maine intends to visit, 4 <JJ, 4); likely to lend IHonsieur money, 348 (p. 338), 869; Gount Ofctavio Laiidi professes to come to Paris from, 896 (p. 393); IVenoh ambassador sent to, 397 (p. _ 395); djsliies marriage between l)a£e of Savoy and Duke of Florence's daughter, 397 (p. 396); recommends Count Ootavio Landi to Duks of Guise, 4i3; mentioned, 467, Este, Anne d', Duchess of Keinoura, meets Queen Mother in Paris, 62 (i>. 62); makes feast for Swiss ambassadors, 498. Kathonia, Dnony of, King of Poland demands, from King of Sweden, 146. Eatr&madura, companies of, 148* En, in Normandy, Duke of Guise promises to build college of Jesuits at, 33 (jo. 30); Duke of Guise wishes del Bene to lend him abbey at, 61; Duke of Guise ereete little house for Jesuits in, 150 (p. 151). Europe, Elizabeth said to be celebrated throughout, for prompt payment, 186 ; reference to Protestant churcheB in, 434. Evans, Morris, in Williams' company, 265. Evefard, Thomas, in Williams' company, 263. Evers, Bftlph, son of Lord Evers, with Cobham, 354. Evare [EvereJ, M, d', sent to Antwerp to set things in order, 227 (p. 228). Exton, John, merchant; note of spoils taken from, by Erenok pirates, S43. Eyndhoven, capture of, by French, commanded byBonnivet,529; 'Indavine,'538, 5S5, 636.

Basnza, CoThham receives Italian professing to have preached the BeEgion in, 179. Faille, Jacques de la, "colonel of Antwerp, 548.

•

•

Falmouth, Spauish ship pltmdered at, 289; Spanish ship brought to, by JTrenoh pirates, 521, Faiae.rs, M. de. See Iiievin, Eante or Faant, Nicholas, Walsingham's secretary, 334. Faquftdes, John Lopsz, jfortaguese mercnant, signs bond to Captain Kenne, 452, Barer, Thomas, in Williams' company, 263. FarierS, II. de la, with. Brissac at batfele of Aaores, 353 {p, 348).

568

GENERAL

INDEX.

Farnese, Alexander, Prince of Parma, in great j Farnesse, Alexander, Prinoe of Parma-^coiiJ. rageforlossof Alost, 14,30; letfcersfrom • Eogers'behalf,316; holdseoancilof tfar Hansfeldt to, intercepted, 18 (p. 18); I atIiille,321;Ashbyaboutto^oto,S23; superintends placing of ordnance in holds all places near Rttnce with strong trenches at Omdenarde, 2S; comes to garrison, 333; puts Italians into laurre, Oadenarde, 29; men o£ Oudenarde slay 335; at Lierre, 336; makes fort between messenger from, 32; people of Mons Ypres and Menia, 337 (j?. 328); said to refuse to admit horse and foot from, be going towai-ds Oambrity, 33S; 43; sends soldiers to Valenciennes, S3 ooui'iers and merehantB pass safely from (p. 45); discord between Eisbourg, Calais to, S4S (p. 334); sends his Montigny and, 53 (p. 46); does not physician to help those wounded before want Italian troops, 73 (p. 66); Ghent, 347; might put to death Ondenarde refuses to surrender to, 19, Turenne and la Koue if Salcedo should - 81 ; prevents Iialaing from - revolting, be executed, 848 (p. 339); reference to 85 (i>, 80); intrenches anny before eompnfcation of foroes under, 848 Oudeoarde, 86 (p. 81); mates Count (p. 340); demaiicis of, at meeting at MansfBlSt governor :ol Hainault, 96 5 Arras, 349; near Cambray, 350; town mentioned, 100; despairs at being able in Plunders eaid to have been surrento take Otsdenarde, 110; sends trumpeter dered to, 352; States of Artois and to make terms -with Oodenarde, 111; Sainault delay in answering demands horsemen of, retire to wood near of, 364 j courier of, taken by States' Oudenarde, 118 (p. 117j; preparation soldiers, 369; sends false news of of munition made at Cologne for, 118 Monsieur to Emperor, 374; forces in (_p, 119); mentioned, 124; makes 3?riesland and Guelderlaad to join, Montigny governor of ^danders, 185; 375; departs from Lille, 391; awaits points granted by, to Oudenarxie, 140; coming of French suooonrs, 394 (j». capture of Oadenarde by, 143; ButS90); Ootrnt Otteyio Landi comes to gmrclians join army of, 143 (p, 1391; Paris from camp of, 396 (p. 393), 401; reference to capture of Oudenarde by, letters from, intercepted, 406; reference 146; camp of, sent from Gndensrde to Gravelines, 147; retires to Namur, to Lesienr'B sojourn with, 416, said to 165, 175; Elizabeth -wishes French hate poisoned Viscount of Ghent, 432, king to inake a restraint against 445; retiresfrom Artoia, 440 ; receives transporting viotnals to, 188 (p. 185); orders from Spain to give battle, 441 Safc&doni pay of, 189,.H&; Rogers wishes (p. 434); soldiers of, murmur far want Elizabeth to write to, on his hehslf, 194; of pay, 464; monevsent to, from Milan, Lesieur obtains passports to go to, 199; 487; takes Ninove, 468; said to be Italian accompanies Saleado to camp of, advancing to check Biwn, 4.65; 208; conies in person, to Ypres, 20S assembles his forces in Brabant, 473; (p, 308); reference to complieily of, ill, 478; courier from Spain sent to, in Saleedo's plot, 204; EBW suoeonr 483; diligent and painstaking, 487; said to have come to, 200; Leaienr will enstle of Likei'ie said to have been. require more money on his return from, delivered up to, 4$$; sends messenger 316; a* Tournay, 320; troops of; to Rome to clear himself of Saleedo's skirmish with States' aiiny neai" jnvpntatioa; 494- (p. 48©; wins towns Berghes, 221, 227 (p. 228); Bellieyre and prospers, 4-97; mentioned, 500; and Bralarh to repair to, 230; Sal' said to be going to Italy, 516; money to be sent to, from Lyons, 515 (p. 609); . cedo's secret intelligence with. 231; said to be dead, 624; departs suddenly , marches to stop passage of IVenoh at from Lille, 627; meatioJsed, 536. Gravelinea, 234 (j>. 23?); letter from , ..., ..letter from, S39. KiDg of Spain to, intercepted, 2S4 ,., Alexander, Cardinal, oncle of abovB, (. 353); Italiansana SpaniErds come to possibly to fie repudiated by him, 348 camp of, 25S; very strong, 288 (p< . 338). 381); skn-misfa. between States' troops ,Ottavio; iDoke of Parma, father of and, 294 j advancing on Oudenwde, above, discovery of practice of Ifcaliam 296; sefereoce to his reply concerning nobles against, 86; reference to plot Boger's release, 297; reference to agaiost, 396 (p. 893), •letters from agents of, .intercepted by States, 300: kinsman of, slain before Farnese, ' Rvrnesia/ House, of, great personagft of, kiBed before 0hent, 303 {p. <&
G-BNEBAL

INDEX.

569

Uantriere, •—, captain in French,fleetfor Don Flanders—conf. Antonio, 115, secret, 86; ItaUaais eolleeted in EauvoHea, Eayellea, —, captain in ' army' for bardyfor, 88; King of Spain supposed Don Antonio, 95 115. to be attending with unwonted tliligenee to affairs of, 108; Otistodio Jjeyfetm Feding, Williatt), in Williams' company, 263. sent by Don Antonio into, 114 (p. 113); Centre, Fsntley, Archibald, kinsman of Bishop money obtained from, to pay rosters of Glasgow, takes message from Duke 118 (p. 118); mentionea, 128; aioaof Guise to Scotland. 210; Spanish tigny created governor of, 1S5; Monsieur agent gives inoney to, 843 (p. 335). to be sworn iSail of, 147; States' forces T?era, OamiUe, sent by Qaeeu Mother to Duke join to ieep coast of, frosa inouraioas of of Majittm, $4S {p. 338}. the enemy, 151; report tkat Prince Iterdinand, Archduke, undo to Emperor Danphin will not goto, 162; Spaniards KoclolE, expected at Augsburg, 810. pasa daily into, 167; King of Spain said to be arming for, 175 ; French 3?eivnhurati Pernyhursfc, 'Ftwtmurefc,' Loi'dof. king writes to Mauytssiere tonolung See Ker. defraying of Monsieur's ospensES m ,„ I, 398,); visits Cobham, 421 (j>, government«f,203 {p. 202); Puygail417}; mentioned, 467. krd sent to, 209 (p. 208); Italian and Bake, of. Sue Este. Spanish, taroops pass towards, 209 Ferrier, Arointf du, Jfrench ambassador ia ($. 309); Oogtodio Iieytam to reeide in Venice, recalled, 63 {p. 53); to be of Pai'ls on his return from, 230; eaemy ting's new Council, 494 {p. 485); in, makes attempt on YpreB, 331; returns to Paris, 498. Monsieur to make entry at Ghent as Barl of, 234 (p. 237), 235; Dr. Beofaw Iferte, M. do la. 8ee JCfltampes, Claude d'. KuSez sends news of Portugal received Fervacques, M, de. 8$e Hautemer. by way of, 340; Queen Mo&er will JPea, King of, sends ambassador to Turks, 113 hinder proceedings of her son in, if she {p. I l l ) ; promises to send ambassador persists in favouring Italians in Paris, to Paris, 162. ' 348; Suises lie in wait to intercept Figtieroa, Lope de, soldiers of, 112, 148. letters passing towards, 349; King of a, Marquoro, administrator and auditor 3STavaire;s agent to go to, 250; Stonin army for ieroeras, 112. eieur puts soldiers luto towas in, 368; , Bobert, English merchant at JRouen, Queen Mother fears that Ttews of battle signs petition, 341of Azores will diseournge French, in, 2(50; Cobliam fears letters to, may be Ktzgerald, Gerald, Barl of Dejsmond, Maointercepted, 268; Monsieur created ISorl onrtamore reported to have joined, 4S7, Of, 279, 2S3, 284; Knollja refers bo bis Fife SimonSj Leonard, Irishmanj goes towards coming into, 280 (i>. 272); Queen Borne, *23 {p. f.5), . Mother wishes Biroji to repair intOj l l s , —, IJori'ia receives letter from 287; news from, 387 (p. 280), 288; Walajngliam oonoerning, 119. horsemen paid at rate of yaluation of ,., —, brother of above, reference to money in, 302 (p. 296); French. noWes soldiers serving under, 119. aaid to be coming into, with troops, g; le, a merchant, Qu^en Mother baa 306; reference to wass in. SlO (p. 305), seotet, conference with OheyalierBi-eton Kliaabetb. not to be put to expense of at house of, 478. wars in, if she marries Monsieur, 313; JSaloedo revokes greater part of what Jlandei-3, people of, profess roadinees to repay he confessed in, 323; mentioned, Elizabeth's loan, 12; Monsieur and . 324; statement of monthly pay of Prince of Orange request Sowis to Spanish soldiers in, @28; Gabliam advanoe to, 80; Premyn esspeots to be •ffishea English pirates imprisoned inarchedinto, SI; EingOflTaTaMOOrdera in France, to be seat into, SSI; la Boque to-vapair into, S3 (p.30); nofe known by what route French troops English troops not to be assembled ia, will enter, 333; Spanish king sends witJioat permission of Members of, 39 ; order into, to reserve all. J?*ench proclamation. »ss$de In, iorbiddaig dealprisoners, 340 .j Biron, to go toj S4S * ings of laerolandiee with eiiemy, 53 (p. 334); King of Spain raises money (p. 46); Huguenots wish C!ondS to to he employed for war in, 347; Biron fiefer hfe going into, %%{p. 53); Jehait willing to take eharge of camp prepared £}o\yOr figlits foi" Eomuii religion in, for, 348; Queen Mother ejqgeots sbipB 66; money to l>e sent, by I^ench. king itom, 848 (p. 338); Biron to eonflnet , to, 74 (ft, 6S>; loas of Ondenarde nvmy into, 852 J towns of, disheax-tened would cause disturbaaoes. in, 79; • hj loss of Lille, 35S; Spaniards fronv Harris's troops emferjj for, £6 (p. 19}; to leave S&asiee, 369; %-lsoat of, 3J0; i of BelliSyi-e's going to, iepfc

570

GENEEAL

INDEX.

Florence, Secretary of, Irishmen take letters from, 433 (p. 415j; ambassador of, in Paris, 467; persons apprehended by Inquisition in, 518 (p. 509). Florentines, French king feasted at Lyons by, 368 (p. 281); Landi has good acquaintance with, 472 (p. 460). Florin, Captain Johann, ambassador from the ' (Ten Justices,' to French king, 519. Floyon, M. de. See BerlaynKrat. Flu, George uf der, lieutenant at Sitten, 'Sieton,' ambassador from Valais to French king, 519, , Melohior yon, from Unterwalden, ambassador to Paris, 519. Flushing, Princes and States-General to go to, 151, 157,160, \M; Princes leave, 169; Monsieur goes to Bruges by -pray of, 180; bailiff of, Sainte-AIdegonde hopes to hinder evil designs of, 182; Monsieur expeoted at, 334 (p. 237); ' bailiff of, receives letters from King of Spain, 234 {p. 237); treason revealed against, 235, 237 O 341), 238; deputy of merchants goes to, 302 (p. 297); Danett at, 303; Gasoons arrive at, 336, S87 {•$. 327); Prince of Ghimay and others from Malcontents at, 375 j merchant ships from Teroera arrive at, 377 (p. 375}; letter from Longston delayed by weather at, 388 ; mentioned, 432; English mutineer detained at, 514. Flashing, bailiff o£. See Kowleman. Foix, Paul de, Archbishop of Toulouse, French ambassador in Borne, 16; Shute • arrive at Antwerp from, 534; French instructed by friends of, concerning from, encamp near Antwerp, 529; English ship stayed at Malta, 210; to army from, in country of Waes, 633; inform Pope of French, king's wish, that Monsieur's army ia, to bo sent into ship may be restored, 211 (a); requested Brabant, 535; M. Bsuubouillefc returns to be present at m eating between from, 538 (p. 536); English ship comNavarre, Oond^ and Montmoreney, 288; ing from, plundered by d'Artneville, j has audience with Pope, concerning 544. Osborne's ship, 832; Cobham receives ...; , Pour Members of, 29; English troops letter from, 352; reference to memorial not to be assembled ia Brabant or sent by, to Manvissiere, 384; Cobham Flsntas -without permission of, 39; sends remonstrance of Scottish lords Monsieur obtains possession of Flanders against d'Anbigny to, 424; deals from, 180; Ghent first town of, 181; honourably with Shnte, 478; laments Monsieur gives banguefc to, 199, 204; cruelty used by Santa Cruz towards wishes of, respecting Immoral of Frenoh, 494 (p, 486). SSgmont, 805; prefer Soots to French, , .letter to, 211 (6), 391) Monsieur writes to, for money, Fobc hi 3Janguedoo, papists in, use violence 454; French nobles entertained at tonraids Protestants, 80; troops from charge of, 493. Gascony try to surm-ise, 91. Flemings, go into 'Bergues,' 9; companies of, Fontaine, M. de 3», bearer of letter between eater Bsrgen op Zoom, 31 • in OudeMme de laUTone and Walsingham, 342, narde, 111; regiments of, at Dunkirk, 44S; lea-ves sample of a mine with 175; in command of cornets of horse Walsingham, 483. at&hent, ISO; mentioned, 213, 234; Fontainebleau, 'Fontaine belleau.' French reference to hopes of, placed on French Court at, i. (p; 2); Cobham lias Bnterprise in Assorts, 333; in ETinoTe, audience at, 33 {jp. 28): mentioned, 4B6; French refuse to allow, in Dun54, 57, 62 (p. 52),74 (p. 67), 86; 113, kirk, 631; in %ndho-Ten, 535, 114 (p. 113); king desires his chief Flemish, flyboat taken by English, 60; advisers to repair to, 122; mentioned", merchants . in Paris, 518 (: 462); reference to arrival of French troops in, 489; news from, 494 (j>. 484); Bon Antonio said to be. going to, 497; promises to furnish army \rith money, 499; Prinoe of Parma may come into, 500; Brencharmy enters, 602; charges of Monsieur's wars in, HOT (p. 496); French king ought to seek to pacify Huguenots in, 510; Frenob. expected at Antwerp from, 513; French army still in, 514; Don Antonio intends to pass into, 518; Milanese bankers agree to provide King of Spain with money for wara in, 518 (p. 609); French nobles

GENE'EAE" INDEX.

571

Fontaines, 31, de;*io see restitution made ta France—cent, merchants of Chester, 34. see England, Scotland and, in good understanding, 218; reference to letters Foscarini, ~ , 'Procurator-General,'senator at received by Monsieurfrom, 220; speeches Venice, Shelley debates with, concernof money sent to Monsieur from, 220 ing English merchants, 295. Q>.321); examinations of Saleedo and Fossenx [Montmorenoy Fosseusj, Franchise other plotters Bent into, 227; Monsieur's de, Queen of Navarre dismisses, 113. 'partage' in, cannot sustain his enterFoster, —, returns to Paris from Borne, 33 prises against King PhiHp,229; people of, : (p. 30), said to be dissatisfied with Mng, 280; Fougere, Pe. de la,, receives money sent tu Monsieur sends news of eoBapiraoy into, Monsieur from England, 18 (p. 18). 231; newforces said to have come from, Fournicon, M., 'Formiconi,' secretary to 235, 258; Brissac said to haye brought. Stroaai, brings news of, hie defeat to Spanish ships to, 268; States cannot do Paris, 840,34S (p, 334),' 365. well without aid from, 278; Bretons France, Diane de, widow of Francis, Duke of captured "by Knollys require passport to ivlontmorenoy, legitimised daughter of return into, 280 (p. 272); Bellievre Henry II, afterwards Duchess of goes to, with Saloedo, 383; report of Ohatelleraut, duchy of Angouleme aid coming to Low Countries from, assigned to, 188, 284; Swiss Cantons to meet in,288(p. 382); 'realm of England should be France, la Bioehefoueault returns to, 9; Don forthcoming to encounter,' 295; Antonio 'abased in,' 18 (j), 17); preElizabeth finds fault with charge of paration of army in, for Flanders gets conveying dispatches to, and from, 298; along slowly, 31 ; English Jesuits reference to wish oE Bnglaad to hold residing in, S3; men. from, ]oin balance between Burgundy and, 300 ; Monsieur's camp at Ghent, 43; paoket groat doubts in Low Countries of arrival for Queen of Scots from, 47; aewa of Monsieur's force from, 304; reference • from, 51; Monsieur's, forces from, to Don Antonio's fleetfrora, 317; army expected at Oam&ray, S3 (p. 45); for low Countries said to be on frontiers rntnoura of army preparing in, 53 of, 819; d'Aubigny said to be goingto, (p. 46); forces levied in, for Monsieur, 326; horse leave, for Low Countries, not ready, 55; minister sent to King of 331; Parma holds all places near, witli Navarre from every province in, 75; strong garrisons, 333; news of Don Herle considers th&t preparations in, Antonio comes to Low Countries from, for Don Antonio will prora vain, 85 337 (p. S28); new forces from, go to (p. 7&); Monsieur's troops from, slow. Camhray, 838; English merohants in, 85 (p. 79); Blativissiere offers to obtain complain of oppressions, 341; regimeist release of English ships in ports of, 89; levied in Dauphin^ said to have done fears as to naval armament in, 90; great harm in, M8; reference to course horsemen said to he coming out of> for taken by Don Antonio in, 348 (p. 339); Monsieur, 96, 99; Walsinghanj conreference to letters s»nt to Queen of siders that it would be well to maintain Soots from her friends in, 367; M, de friendship with, 101; Monsieur'sforoes Tillers sent into, 364; account of defeat from, aaid to be at Chimay, 111; of "army' from, at battle of Azores, Monsieur awaits army from, to succour 365; necessary to give disbanded soldiers Ondenarde, 125, 136 (p. 126); King of some fighting outside, 372; gentlemen Spain liieiy to help partisans of Scottish retain to,ironi Flanders, 375; reference King in, against England, 138 {p. 129); to nobles from, in Don Antonio's fleet, Don Antonio hopes for helpf rom, 133; 388; pensions of, unprofitable to Soots, Conde said to-be coming to Flanders 386; Monsieur's new forces from, said with forces from, 185; M. du Pleasis to have crossed Sorame, S91; fresh journeys through, to Augsburg, 139; rumours of troops from, for Flanders, da Vray to be sent into, 143 (}>. 140); 394 (p. 389); Guises Sraw to themMonsieur lively to return to, to 'SBt selves all tie chief governments in, order in hta thisgs,' 151; expectation 396 (p. 398); Mng said to hate offered of supplies from, for Low Countries, forces ofj to help Swiss, 397; Monsieur 167, 160; Paxdmyer's lamentation for thought to lie likely to retain to, 401; troubles of, 161; supplie&fcocometoLow passage from, toCambray hindered by Countries from, 180 (p. 180); forces loss of Oambresis, 414; reference to arrive from, 181 (p. 181); Guisards Christian nations trading in Levant soheming in, 182; Crown of, will under banner of, 431; mentioned, 433; receive great good by prosecution of all things which. Saloedo delivered conMonsieur's enterprise, 183: forces cerning personages in, to be abolished, from, looked for devoutly, 184; men 441 (p. 438 J; necessity ifi, for am heir, desert States' eam|> and go to, I8S; du 449; French soldiers said to te going Plessis leaves MB family in, 199; French to winter in, 463; King of Scots ting gives Monsieur's troop leave to refuses "to allow lady BtemhurBt to pass through, 203.(p. 203}; JHonsien/s return to,472 (p. 461); French Jang forces expected from, 204, 205; promises to introduce deems of adventurers aail from, to help Don Coanoil of Trent into, 4:73 (j), 462); Antonio, 213; Queen of Soots Wishes to

GENEEA.L INDEX. France—eont, ' ' news ftarn, 473; prospect of oivil war in, 476' ambassador in Spain returns to, 480 (471); Monsieur may go into, to raise an, army, 487 ; Spaniards deceived in their hope of division in, 494 (p. 486); Saint-Luc withdraws to, 499; Biron will soon retqrn to, 504; d'Aubigay gives out that he is promised support from, 508; French king ought to seek to pacify Huguenots in,510; Chevalier Breton returns to, 514; Don Antonio goes to, 518 (jp, 509); Monsieur said to be shortlydeparting for,. 533r French ting promises that clergy of, shall be reformed,' 538; Qaeen of Soots hopes d'Aubigny will receive help from, 541. ., , king of, 'See Henry H I . , , Queen Mother of. See Catharine. ..,, young Queen of. See Lorraine, Louise of. ligier ambassador of, in Spain, See Ylvonne, LongUe, ,ambassador of, in Roiae. Ste"Eoix, ..., ambassador of, in Switzerland. See BellieYre, Jean de. Fi-ancghelin (gy. Franklin), P,, English merchant at Rouen, signs petition, 341, Franche Gomfce", Italian foot said to be going into, 122; French army expected to winter in, 428. Francis, Duke of Anjou, Alencpn and Bratbant, Monsieur, i ( p, 4) j mentioned, • 5, 6; in Flanders, 9; preparing oamp between Ghent and Ondenarde, 14; Eossel fears aid will not be given to, from France, 15; Captain' Ghattellett' offers his serves to, 18; agreement of, with States, 18 (p. 16}; receives rumours of rebellion fa England, 18 (p. 17J; Elizabeth, wishes to receive answer from concerning marriage, 26; promises to bring forees ta Oudsnarde, 28; his forces arrive near Ctinibray, 29; reference to fetters from, 30; holds council with Prince of Orange, 3 1 ; big men take Malcontents in. skirmish, S3; French, king desires to help Elisabeth if she continues her favours towards, 33 (p. 38) { reference to letter from, to '.French kiag, 33 (p, SO); Bellievre sent to, 37; commission from, to North to raise man: in England, 88; reference to his reception, as Duke'of BraTbant, 40: Bouchain yields to, 43, 53 (#. 45); King of Navarre sends ambassador to, 63 (p. 46) f reference to marriage, 54; tilts at the ring, {55; States grant 120,000.florins a year, 55; Biroa. seeks to be employed in service of, 62 (jp. 52); grant passed under broad seal from, to mwohante of Antwerp, 67; Gentners send to, for help for Oudenavde, 69 j English regimenb will prove but
Frariois, Duke of Anjon &c.—cont, eoncerniDg war in Handera, 77 (p- 73); Parma makes efforts to take .Osidenarde before arrival of, 79 i soldiers of, offer skirmish daily to enemy, 81 i mentioned, 85 {p. 78); secret contract passed between frontier lords and, 85 (p. 79); Herle on good terms with, 85 [p. 80); depends upon Kbrris to relieve Ondenarde,85 (p, 81), said to be going to urge Elisabeth to resolution ' touching marriage, 86 {p. 82); French nobles preparing levies for, 86; companies marohing from Pioardy to join, 91; da Ooeeter wishes to serve, 94; people of Bruges ordered to swear to be true subjects of, 96; insists on Morris coming to his camp, 98 ; expecting succour from Erance, 99; people of Ghent request help from, for Oudenarde, 100; necessary for him to provide some chief in Low Countries, 102 (p. 99); in good health, 109; people of Oudenarde send to for help, 110; QuineS governs, 110 (jp. 107 K forces of, said to be at Ohiraay, 111 ; mentioned, 118 (p. 116); fails in his promise to relieve Oudenarde, 118 {p. 117); solicits money for Netherlands from England, 118 (p. 119); wishes to be created prince of Empire, IIS (p. 120); people of Douay submit to, 118 (p. 121); puts Roohepot and Villera in higher command than Borris, 120; States of Brajjaat present beuevolenoe to, 121; French king calls council to consider action of, in Low Countries, 122; his reputation in Low Countries at stake, 125; his forces advancing on Ondonarde, 126 (p. 128); receives letters from Bishop of Li6ge, 126 (p. 126); Marchaumont tries to obtain money from Elizabeth for, 128; forces of, hoped for at Oudenarde, 135; embassy. from Ghent requests help for Oudenarde from, 135; sends II. du Plessis to Diet at Angs* bnjg, 139; desires to help Oodenarde, 139; Ghent complains of, for loss of Oadenarde, 14S (p. 139) ; confers with Prinise of Orange on loss of OBdenarae, 143(^.140); letters from Scottish king to, 143 (p. 140) ; people of Qhent make complaints against, 146; Parma sends forces to cut off army of, at Sravelines, -147 ; to be sworn Earl of Flanders, 147 (p. 145); Elizabeth refuses to' defray expenses for wars of, 150 (p. 149) ,' admonishes mutinous English soldiers of their . duty, 151; -to depart towards Flushing, I5J ; wishes to release Prince of Genera . from prison. 162 ; goea to Bruges, 167.158, 160; camp of, near Dunkirk, W0 ; looked for at Dunkirk, 164 ; reference to letters from Norris to, 165 ; arrives at Brogesr 169; o&leulations in Bnrghley's hand of revenues of, 172; four-eompanjes of £Bard of, at Dunkirk, .175 ; names of principal officers in camp of, 176;

GENEitAL INDEX. Francis, Duke of Anjoit &c.—sont, reference to letters from, to Marohsurnont, 177; French king writes to Uktjvisaiere touching defraying of expenses of, in wars of Flanders, .179; oanjeotures whether he Trill be able to keep field against enemy, 180 ; arrives at Bruges, 161 ; King of Spain said to be going to crave aid of princes of Empire against, 181 (p. 181); Gnisards scheming to alienate French king from, 183 ; Elizabeth does not wish to be thrown into war by means of, 183; at Bruges, 185; Gascons hasten towards, 187 ; praotiee of Saloedo against, 189 ; taking steps to find pay for his army, 192 ; sends news of Saleedo's conspiracy to French king, 192 ; Rogers wishes him to write to Parma on. his behalf, 194 (p. 194); reference to plot against, 195; reference to letter from, to Sorris, 196; reference to plot against, 197, 199; gives banquet to Prince of Orange and States of Flanders, 199 (jt>. 199); French king promises to discharge Elizabeth of all charges of war if she will marry, 200; reference to plot against, &03, 204; gives banquet to States, 204; mentioned, 205; wishes to stay some time at Dunkirk, 206; reference to plot against, 208; M. Puygaillard to repair to, as councillor, 203 O>, 208); King Philip hopBS to &xpel, from (FlanderB, 209 (p. 209); Pallavicmo uncertain whether French Wag will help, 212; sends to King of Denmark tojofoi with him ingsod amity, 215 (p. 216); State* much discouraged by their losses, without' help given by, 216; enemy said to have taken sconce from soldiers of, 319 i reference to plot against, 220; in great, pain for money to pay his soldiers, 320 (p. 221); Norris clears himself of glanderous reports to, 221; enemy naar camp of, 222; parcels of money made ap in Paris for, 223; reference to journey of BeUievre and Bi'ulartto, 225; Popa does all he can to prevent soWieia going to service of, 226 (p. 227); reference to plot against, 227; commissioners sent to, from Dunkirk, complaining of favours shown %o French, 237 (p. 238); Morgan offers petition to, for 'pardon of English mutineers, 22? (jp. 229)'; French king •wishes Elizabeth to aid, in. wars in Low Countries, 229 ; Bellievre and Bralwf; sent to, 230; reference to plot against, 331; subjects of, detained, 332; to make bis entry Into Ghent as Earl of Flanders; 284 (p, 287), 235; Count Hohenlohe conies to, for help for Loohem, 237 (p. 241}.; 'to go to Ghent, iSS ; citizens of Iiierre swear to abandon their obedience to, 333; -St. d'Ohain makes complaint to, of Van den. Putte'sinierferenee with bis postmen, 242; hoped far, 4t Ghent, 243; Queen Mother will hinder pro-

573

Franois, Duke of Anjou tus.-^eo>ttt ' . ceedings of, if she persists in fa.vourijjg Italians in Paris, 248; ti»]ges3Io]itpensier hot to depart from his government, 249; King of Navarr&'s agent to go to, 250, 251; mentioned, 252; removes oamp from Dunkirk, 258 5 goes to Ghent, 269 ; -citizens of Bruges convicted of going to mass at chapel of, 259; to go to Ghent, 260; camp of, said to be going to move to Antwerp, 260; muster of Williams' teompany for service of, 263; Queen Mother fettra that. news of battle of Azores will discourage, 266; Elizabeth expresses surprise that no money is given, for expenses of war in Iiow Countries, 374 (1); Prince of Orange acknowledges Elizabeth's care for, §74 (2); not in a position to retake any of the places that have been, lost, 275 ; near Ghent, 278 ; received with greatsolemiiityinto Ghent, 279; Knollye oomplains to, of wrong done him by Slauvissiere, 280 (p. 272); entry of, into Ghent, 280 (p. 273); to go to Antwerp, 281; burghers of Antwerp complain of, for stuffingfrontier towns with French garrisons, 283; camp of, between Oudonarde and Ghent, 284; Queen Mother helps, as much as she 1 can, 287S 288; Swiss troops of, come to frontier of Lorraine, 288 (p. 282); camp of, in disorder, 294; reoeiTOB news of Prince of Parma's inarch, 296; expected at Antwerp, 300; seeks to cover news of Don Antonio's defeat, 302; espspted at Antwerp, 302 -. (p. 297); goes to Dendermonde, 303; reference to' skirmish of enemy with mmp of, before Ghent, 304; reception of, at Ghent, S06; Bellievre and Brnlart sent 60 French king to relate their negotiations with, 307; M. de Buy sent to Paris fr6m, 809; people of Liegt; make complaints against, 310 (p. 805); affairs of, going badly in Guelders, 316 (p. 309); deelaration of French king concerning marriage of Eliztbeth and, 3IS; sends for true particulars of W& army from France, 319; if troops of, do not come, many towas will fall into enemy's hands, 321; to be asked ho\y he ivoulct carry himself towards Empire, 223; at Antwerp, 825,- mentioned/ 326; French king assigns tax on salt to, 331; said to be in a bad way, 333; States of Holland shew themselves obstinate against. 335: k B l i h t 8 S ( 3 2 7 g , ( ( 2 ) ; said to be gome to take journey into Holland, 837 (p. 328), S38; French king assigns money to, 343 (p, 334); mentioned, 347; duke of Ferrara -will lend money to, 348 (p. 388) ; fortes of, coming along frontiers, 349; sends Gharretier to Wag of Karaite, 352; Eliisabeiih wishes! welt to, 357; foraes of, relieve I«enem, 3S8, 359, 362; places French garrisons in mask towns, 861; foraes ofjtofollow enentj, 3 ^ ;

57*

0EN1BAL INDEX

; Dulce of AnjOH &0t—eont, Francis, Duke of Anjou &e,—conk fcnyards him, 473; said to lie returning sends 3f. de Tillers into France, to to Brance, 473 (j». 48S); toenMoaea, hasten array, 364; Cobhsm requests 473; commands towns to make prothat English prisoners in Paris may be vision for new troops, 475; has no employed in. wars of, 388 (p- 367); to bear obarges of tratSj 479; mousy to be lent to, by Duksof I&rrara, shows benevolence to, 480 369; attempts made to bring, to accusations said to be invenFrench Court, 870; Frenoh. soldiers tions of, 484; agent ofj inquisitive o£ refuse to go with, 372; Prince of g t i a l i affairs, 484; SYemyn's regiment Orange gives banquet to, 374; people of Gueldera and JFrissland wish troops only one inontn's pay since of, to remain in those countries, 377; Ta of, in Low Oountriea, 487-; troubled by English merchants at dines at Town Housa in Antvperp, 489; Antwerp departing to Hiddelbnrg, 377 rnwitioned, 491; wishes hie whole army (p. 876); gives great contentment to to be assembled to encounter cneniy, States, 381; merchants of Antwerp 402; sends gentlemen to Daokirk to . persuade, to write to Elizabeth, touching receive Ifreneli nobles, 493; Don departure of Merchants Adventurers to Antonio said to be going to, 497; ttvmj Middeltmrg, 888; welcomes Prince of oi, on its way to EccJoo, 499 J menChimay at Antwerp, 389; Norn's t 5 , 601; reference to letter from, refases to allow anyona to decide will employ Boobepofc's troops controversy between himself and John g t enemy, 504; negotiations conCobbajn except, 390; new foroes of, cerning marriage, 507, &08; -woald be said to have crossed Somme, S91 ; better enabled to go forward in his wishes STorri 6 to remainnear about him, enterprise if strengthened by those of 892; ifhelpfromSVanoedoes not come, tie Beliglon, 510; petitioned hourly Estates mean to renounee, 394 (f. 388); for jnoney, 512; Xmtin insoription gives banquet to Princes of Orange and affised to gate at Antwerp in honour of, Ohimay, 894 (p. 890}; said not to be 5 IS; tries to keep the peaets among his well inclined to King's desires, 396 adherents, 614; referenoeto obarges of (j>. 392); Spanish king aaid to have iffl*3 of, 617 i l?iuart wishes Blissabetli stirred np people to hinder, 397; had. some nieoa to be married to, £S0; French ting said to have agreed to welcoiues Freneh nobles at Antwerp, demands of, touching marriage, and 524 • mentioned, 526; army of, between charges of wars, 308 j thought to be likely to return to Franco, 401; now $ooho and Shent, 627; Eyntthoven Oouncdl of State to reform things to c*Ptared by ti-oops of, 529; talk of contentment of, 404; Korris inyites to uaajjiage of, with King of Hamre's a supper, 405, 406; camp of, mows sister, C30; away of, near Dermonde, from Flanders to Antwerp, 406; menfil mentioned, 582; displeftsed at tioned, 411; cannot agree with States of aiairs in Xow CoBBtries, upon certain articles, 414 j reference to Papists in Brussels avako no assistance given Try Elizabeth, to, 431 fc of OKkora of, 504; tliosewho (p. 413); Biron's forees mftrohjng to o d in, <«•« of the Iteligieo, 685; join, 423 (p. 416); Armeville to be mentioned, 586, fi37; Alftrfle professes employed in service for, 424 (p. 417); i* be oble to frame accord between. Merchants Adventurers present to, their Fre»<jh ifog M d t againist Spain, 538 ; reasons for removbg to Middulbnrg, stt'd to be going to England, SS8 (p. 428 f reference to dealings of, in Low 53C); mentioned (?) as 24,5i0 { would Countries, 484.; note of towns in Low tote great oSonce if Elizabeth refused Countries held for, 438 (2), gentlemen to tasrry him, 645. of Court of, try to surprise Lierre, 439; , , letters from, 63, 273, 346, assigns soldiers to M. da Beaux to 418,436,460. intercept letters, 441; French king s T-> Le Grand, late King of France, sends money to, 441 (p. 4SU); Bishop referenda to sovereignty yielded to, by of Stands wishes to beeome chancellor !#•»• Countries, SSO; mentioned, 896 of. 442; thanks Epernon for good (If- 395), 49* (p. 488)', referenoe to offices done him, 442 O.. 486); troops friendship behTeen Hennry VIII and, of, fail in. attempt cm louvain, 445; 507 {p. 498). m«utioned, 448; Elkabetb, refnBes to lend money to, 440; sends Erenci II, Me King of Jfrnnce, referenoe to, ensigns into Kuaove, 4fi4; senfla com^.412). 21(^412) panies to jllost. 456; arrasta Saint ake of Ltuienbnrg, son-in-law to Liio for aqairellfag with ftaurille, J u u s JJnfce of Brunswick, expected in 4S6 (p. 445); money aent to, 467; jjcrw Oo«utries for King of Spain's tries to persuade Frenoh to helj> him, service, 28. 462; army of, said to nave had some Franeig. on^iner on board Mmanuel, 6. enterprise upon Bapaume,468; Bnfce of I f c l s , Italian friar in JParia imprisoned Elorenw reaolyos to send Leon Siroiii Iittperlon3 manner towards, 136; to, 467; «ald to Ibe wearied with proe, taaae bishops at Borne, 348 (p. a i g of those of Low Ootntriee SS) J in- Pope's new Council, 494 (je. 486;, See Ooraeliers. , CNtttersl of.- See Gton^iga, Sranpia.

GENEBAL SrankforS, Bishop of Boss's l^ooi sold in mttrfcetat, 18(i>. 18), t, 'Freej'tihe.otteof the' Sour Members' of Fkaderes, States' forces join to keep, from incursions of enemy, lf)l; Monsieur and Prince of Orange received at Bruges by, 181 j Monsieur gives banquet to, 304; Prince of Epinoy comes to Antwerp to get consent of, to be governor of Handera, 891; people of, present horses to [French nobles, 493 ; to make ready pioneers,

INDEX.

575

SVeneh—cotti, •writes touching, 78; aolulity to join Monsieur's reiters, 79; solders take captain of ' Boushaughe,* prisoner at Dixmuyden, 81; ports, Manvissiere irishes that English ships in, may he restored, 82; troops, Monsieur's reifera waiting for, 86; nssistxaen of Tercera to take iBknd of St. iffiohael, 86 (p, 84); wish to obfcswa their ships from Knollys, 89; army raised for Don Antonio, Bfcate of, 95; leave Monsieur's court, 9S; ships at '.tecerp. enoounter Spaniiirda, 106; king of Spain suspects, letter (lateS at. 812. IDS; foroes with Boohepot, 109 j troops I, King of Denmark sud Norway, assembling for Monsieur, 110; soldiers Gripheua Bais to be soafe to, from join Boehepot from Bruges, 111; list Holland, 86 (j». 76); to be invested of eaptains in leet raited for I>on with Order of the@ftrfcer, 130; expected Antonio, 116; lances in Artote, US ai; Elsioore, 207; objects to wearing (#. 118){ assBrancBS ffliatrusted by strange attire in which to be invested States, 118 (p. 119); troops, Hm-ris with Qx&e* of the Garter, 217S Marl; hopes £or, to relievo Ondenarde, 119, Heea Bent from, to buy cloth in England, 121; commissioners return from 233; invested with Order of. the Baiter, Switeerliuid with nothing concluded, 254 ( rumour of marriage befcweea 132; foot near Dnuay, 126 {$, 126); Scottish, king and daughter of, 324; foroe looked for at Oodenai'Sc, 138 j TOferenoe to English embassy to, 351; troops attack enemy Bent- Ghent, 142; may send help to Low Countries, 484; (•fheufc complains of, for loss of reference to his receiving Order of the Oudonarde, 143 ( $ . 189); forciss Garter, 470; reference to Englwb between Cnhtis and Graye&ies, 146; embassy to, (351. gentlemen, duke of Savoy employs, to , letters from, 103, 117, 245, pass into Geneva dilated, ISO 282,293. {p. 160); eompatiiesj Boohepot mawhes g, letters dated at, 232, 393. to Dunkirk with, 161; English troops ' the, See Branog. in IJOW Countries cannot agree with, 154; teoops at Dtmkirk, 157, 160, TjVegoso. Cesare,gentlemttn of €tenoa,referenoe 1C4; Mauvissiere thanka WaJsingto action of l^ranoia I upon the occasion h«tt for his kindnesses towards, 166; of his murder, 494 (p. 486). colonels of, at Dunkirk, 175,180; spies Ereifcurg, in Switzerland, people of, defend apprehended at Bruges, 181 {j?» 182); Geneva against Duke of Savoy, B; join companies of, at Dunkirk, 185 j forces, •with Bernese, 87. See Eribourg. enemy hopes to delay coming of, 189; Freinee, M. Se, in command of cornet of said to be coming to JJow Countries, horse at Ghent, 180. 192; gentlemen mixed up in Salcedo's 3?remyn, Georges, Captain in States' foroes, plot, 192; not yet heard of in I*w reference to letters for, 158; reference Countries, 195; espeeted at Antwerp, to letters from, 195; captain of French 203(2>,203); have wmquerea few kingcompany in Iiochem, 315 {p. 309); doms which they have not lost for lack mentioned, 489, of good conduct, 205; nor likely to ,..., , letters from, 9, 81, 55, 76, arrive at Unnkirk, 206; eontroversy between English and, in States' oamp, 92, HO, 126, 1SS, 185, 193, 205,456; SOS; reference to revolt of Brabant 487, 499, SS3,635. from King of Spain to, 208 (#, 209); , letters to, 71, 584. '•copy of action passed in Tjatfcle" j mah-of-ww, encounter of Bmcawel between Spaniards and, 313; reference with, 0; troops, to Join Swiss in to abuses offered to Mnglish bys ia JiowNetherlands, 38; forces arrive near Oounteies, 214; do good servioe in Onmbray, 29; pirates, Marbtsry spoiled action, near BergheSi 317; ensigns of, k.V> 34; join, Monsieur's oamp at to go to Brabant, 5319? new forces, G-hent, 43,- soldier put into Bouohain, coajina akmly to tow Countries, 237 68; frontiers, States wish king t& (p. 228); (Sooiplamts made of favours forbid all trading with enemy along, shown to, at Dnnkirk, 227(^.228); 53 (#. 46) t away, aaid to be forces, on frontier, 334 {p. 287), 235; preparing for Don Antonio, 53 make barricades tmtride Berghes, 286; (l>~ 46); ship taken by English, 60; report of msny troops for JJowOonafetiea, speeph.es given out by, of Moasieur's 337 (J>. M l ) ; troop to come to foroes oomuig to Cambray, 69; living Dunkirk by water, 2j43; Don Anbsnio in (Jeneta, To {p. 63); said to be helpsaid. to have .published declaration ing Jo besitge Geneva, 73 f p. 65); j^nanst ffing Philhi in, 247; navy 'said ship taken, by English captains, to hftte fought with Spimiarda, 248; 74 (jp. 88); merchants, H i i

576

GEHEEAL IHDEX.

Erench—co?tt, French—eont, probable, 396 (p. 392); fftlse report of English in States' camp, not well defeat given to, 404; forces said to betreated by, 252; soldiers placed in on frontier, 413 ; troops at Borgerhout, towns, in Flanders, 358j news of 414; depredations committed by bottle between Spanish navy and, sent English on, 423 {p. 416), 424 (p. 417); to Queen Mother, 266; 'army,' no army, no expectation of, in low certain news of> 268; affairs, give Countries, 428; merchants unable to good hopes in Low Countries, 273; obtain satisfaction from Swift, 480 ; Williams seeks to withdraw his comat enterprise on Louvain, 489; pany from, 277; insoription written on Spaniards wish to 'break wars' with; , gute in Ghent, 279; supplies, camp at 441 (p. 434/; cardinals, Pope resolves Ghent grows great by report of, 280 to create, 442; blamed for failure of ' (p. 273); garrisons piaoed in frontier enterprise on Louvain, 445; apology towns, 283, 284; people of Antwerp against slanders of Hanses printed in, •prefer English to, 284; reference to 453; foot sent into Hinove, 454, 456; battte of Azores between Spaniards sent into Brussels, 402; army said to nave and, 287, 288; serving Dnke of had some enterprise upon Bapaume, Savoy, to retire, 288 (p. 282); Wnl4(53; company goes towards Alost, 473; singbam's justice and good affection to, troops long in coming to Low Countries, 291; merchants complain of Sngliah 474 j governorship of Menin may be pirates, 292; driven into Ghent by given to, 475; in land of Waes, 477; enemy, 394; retreat from Scellebelle, reference to depredations committed on 296; regiment relieves Loohem, 297 ; English, by, 430 (p. 471); merchant, run away in sMrmish before Grbeat, 302 Bishop ol Glasgow sends money to (p. 396), 303; horse, cornet of, joins I Scotland by, 482; troops, referenoe to Monsieur's camp, 304; regiment over- 1 arrival of, in Flanders, 489, 491, 492, thrown by enemy in Briesland, 300; 493; gentlemen aeoouapany Swiss amreport of possession of Isle of St. bassadors to Paris, 494; H. de Foix Michael by, 307 ; forces marching laments cruelty of Santa Cnrc towards, towards frontier of Low Countries, 4.94 (p. 486); Bon Antonio sails 309; troops to relievo Loehem, 311, towards Madeira with, 498; aruiy near 319, 320; intend to enter Artois: 323; Bruges, 500 ; people of States disconhorsemen entered Geneva, 323 (p. 315); ' tented with, 501; army enters Flanders, report that Prince Dauphin approaches 502 ; between Sluys and Ecoloo, 504 ; Antwerp, 325; reference to defeat of, gentleman said to have gone to d'Aubigny in battle of Azores, 330; foot in army from Dnke of Guise, 508; expected at of Prince Daaphin, 331; Englishmen Antwerp, 513; army in Flanders, 514; imprisoned for piracy committed on, people of TereeraB weary of insolenee 381; great numbers of, said to be about of, 518 (p* 609); pirates bring Spanish Cambray> 886; in batter garrisons than merchant ship to .Palmoufch, 531; .English; 337 (p. 327); disliked in nobles arrive afe Antwerp, 524; Holland, 838; prisoners pat to death troops of, to called out of Brussels, after battle of AzoreB, 340, 343 526; army between Eooloo and Ghent, (p. 334); troops for Banders, 347; 527 ; encamp near Antwerp, 529; show enterprises, nothing more certain themselves stout to command, 531 ; m, than their uncertainty, 348; discord between people of Dunkirk and, captains at Bretenil, 848 (p. 388); 533; troops withdrawn from Brussels, troops coming into Le<w Countries, 534; company takes Eyndhoven, 535 ; 350; referenoe to battle of Azores people of Antwerp said to a*T6 umtinied between, Spaniards and, 362; acoorat against, 538; pirates, note of spoils of defeat of,. 363 ; greyhounds, la. taken by, from merchants of Isle of CbapellB-des-TTrsitts unable to obtain, Wight, 543; pasquinade published in' ' 858; array not likely to eome into Low Brussels against, 549. . Countries, 858; garrisons, Monsieur places is most towns, 361; arrive in Freyate, Bonere, in Williams' company, 263. Zealand, 362; arrive at Antwerp, S68; gentlemen beheaded after battle of Fribourg (Switzerland), Diet to be held at, Azores, 366 {p. 868) ; ensigns arrive at 848(^.838). See Et-eiburg. Antwerp, 374; gentlemen pass tbrotigh Friday Mart, markefc-plaeejn Ghent. Monsieur Bruges, on their way to Erance, 875; • • • 879. enterprise on. Hal, failure of, 377; arrive at Antwerp, 377 ($, 876); Fridelsheim, letter datea at, 104. merchants, Mauvisnere wtitea on behalf BViealsmd, to pay share of Interest on • ' of, 884; ministers in England deal Elisabeth's loan to States, 12; English muah in favour of1 Scottish affairs, 386; soldiers coming to Ottdenarde from, 14, -take castle JWIU Miriinea, 387, 389, 66; kadstreett coma into, to serve #90; l?onr Members of Slanders prefer ting, 70- English, soldiers stay is, 8 1 ; &eofcs to, 881} companies thought to Korris oomeg from, 96; enemj's foree luvve been defeated by enemy, 383; at in, goes1 to Brabant, 110; reference to. a, SOS', glutting in Korrfs defeat in, 118 (JJ. 120) J

GENEEAL

INDEX.

577

Garde, Colonel de la—cont. Friesland—cont. ' , 230; regiment of, goes to Brabant, Norris' troops mutiny for pay for their 221; sent to relieve Loohem, 237 service i», 160; King of Spain offers (p. 2il); regiment of, in Loohem, government of all that ho has in, to 315 (p. 309); wounded, 413, 414. Count of Emdcn, 175; m'sfortane Gamier, (? Plaminio), Secretary to Prince of among: 'ancients' from, 190J Count Parma, signs terms of capitulation for Hollook asks for men to be sent to, Oudenarde, 140; mentioned, 353. 230; deputies from, expected at Ghent, 260; French regiment overthrown by Garter, Order of the King of Denmark to be enoiny in, 306; troops of States and invested with, ISO, 217 ; letter of enemy going towards, 326; statement thanks for, from King of Denmark, of monthly pay of Spanish soldiers in, 24S ; King of Denmark invested with, 328; Gascons go to relieve, 835; 254; reference to reception of, by reference to Korri*'g former position King of Denmark 476. in, 837 ; enemy likely to go into, 363; G-arton, William, English merchant at Bouen, enemy's forces in, marching towards signs petition, 341, Bruges, 37C; people of, wish French ©arvet, Anthony, merchant of London, foroes to remain in their country, 877 spoiled by Baequeville, 150 .(p. lSl). (p. 375); States of, wish Nbrris to Gascons, hasten towards Monsieur, 187, 323 ; remain among them, S92; French in, ' Gaskoynes', go to relieve FriBsland and said to have taken DeHzyi, 44-5. Gueiaerlond, 335, 336, 837 (jp. 327); Erundsberg, Count, statement of p;iy of mentioned, 350 ; at Iiochem - mostly companies under, 328. sick or dead, 428 ; in land of Wast, 477. Fumee, Louis de, Sieur de Bourdelles, brings Gaseony, King of Navarre in, 62 (p. 52}; ships to join ' army' for Bon Antonio, j troops in, tvy to surprise Foil, 91 i King of Savarre and Prraos of Conde 95, 115. i about to repair into, 230; Matigaon to Furnes, Feurn e, French soldiers placed in, 268. levy money from people in. 482. Fuato, Fraceois, killed in battle of tlie Azores, Gatton, Mr, comes to Augsburg, 338. 213. Gauyille —, 'Govill' quarrel between Saint-Lue and, 4S6, 477, 614. Gavre, Gavar, Castle of, between Oudenarde and Ghent, Monsieur s camp will remove to, 69, 118 (jp. 117); l 0avor, ! Monsieur's oamp at, 284, 2S4 ; States intend to bring cannon to, 296. ' Gswnteporte5, ravelin of, at Oudenarde, 118 (laesbeek, G-asbeck, Gasbeoque, eastle of. near (p. 116). _ • ;• Brussels, taken by Malcontents, 14 ; GebbreoVifc, Giles, escheiAn. oi lowov bencb. in re-captured hy States, 374, 877 ; Ghent, 2S4. reference to capture of, 499 ; eoemy GeWer, on the Maas, held by Monsieur, nwir, 512. 438 (2). GeneTO,Dnke of Savoy's enterprise on,4 (p-3); Gaillon, in Normandy, Cardinal of Bourbon's in great danger, 5 ; Oafcholie prineea house. Guise said to be going to, 9 1 ; agcee to fcesiege, 83 (jp. 30); Duke of Cobhamsendeto,114; mentioned, 162, Savoy garrisons bailiwicks of, 3 7 ; Gaiuaford, Captain, pacifies English and reference to enterprise of, 62 Q J . 52), French soldiers, 20B; does well in 7 1 ; account, of, 73 ; said to have been retreat from Ghent, 800 ; gentleman of, almost betrayed by traachery of slsin before G-nent, 302 ( p . 296). citizens, 7 5 ; in great danger, 7 3 ; Galicia, kingdom 415); letters sent f rom England affair* ot, 150 (p. ISO); Bute of to, 494 (p. 485 . Savoy's force* in villages round aboat, 167; news from, 16?; reinforcements GJand, Maximilian Vilain de, Siegneur, de for Parma coining from, 185; Swiss Bassenghien, Governor of Iiille, Douay, cantons agree to help, 203 (p. 208}; and OrcMes village belonging to, burnt Duke of Savoy's people still about, by Malcontents, 111. 22B; well provided with troops, 326; Garde, Colonel de la, Commander of French traitors disoowred in, 248 j D«>y]ey regiment in States' service in Brabant, refers to Ms being in, 2 8 3 ; Swits goes to Nitwye, 0 ; reference to taking Duke of Saydy tD remove nis . of Alost by, SO; regiment of, 180J from, 287; oause of. to be regiment of, goes to Bergen-op-Zoom,, d by Swisa cantons, 288 (p. 282); 2 1 9 ; regiment of, to go to J P i l d

15077

20

578

GENERAL

INDEX.

German—cont. Geneva—cont. name of King of Spain, 260; ' ambassador of, present at assembly of troops in Toarnay mutiny for want of Swiss at Solothurn, 310 (p. 30S); pay, 284; hulk, plundered fey English Duke of Savoy withdraws forces pirates, 292; Zolcher more an Englishfrom, 333; mentioned, 324; referman than, 310 (#. 306); companies ence to ill-success of Dnke of serving Spaniards in tow Countries, Sarby's enterprise on, 831; siege statement of pay of, 828; princes, of, raised, 383 (p. 32*); ST.. de "Prinoe of Parma Sends false news of ChAtiJIon and Merle return from, 340; Monsieur to, 374; troops inffiectsaid M. do Henry to treat on agreement to be preparing for Don Antonio. 383; between Duke of Savoy and people of, troops for Prinoe of Parma, 477 ; 848 (p. 838); Cobbain refers to letter captains to await French ting's return. received by him from councillors of, to Paris, 482; troops levied in Prance 419; Duke of Saroy wishes to obtain for King of Scots or Don Antonio, French Mng's favour in affairs of, 423 486; blows pass between Italians and, (p. 4:1b); Cobbam Beads remonstrance 527; troops near Eyndhovea, 535. of Scottish lords against d'Aubigny to, 424 (#. 417); Dr. Beutrich goes to,. G-ermany, reference to Diet in, 12; Gilpin 434; reference to proposed meeting refers to his journey into, 27; Monsieur between Duke of Savoy and people of, requests Dnke of Bouillon to repair to 46S; citizens of, rob.house near Paris, Diet in, 33 (p. 30); merchants of, in 478; Swiss demand help from French Geneva. 73 (p. 63); Geneva obtains king for injury done to, 498. corn from, 73 (p. 64); Gilpin goes into, 85 (p. 78); horsemen said to be Geneva, Prinee of. See Sayoie, Bean-i de. ooming out of, for Monsieur. 96, 100, Genoa, Pallavieino's brother at, 48; troops 111; M" du Pkesis travels into, 139; for Low Countries at, 96; Turkish banded against ftetherlands. 143 fleet leaves, 102 (j». 99); Sa-lcedo's (p. 189); news from, 179; da Piessis mother said to have come from, 281; to attend on Duke of Bouillon to Diet mentioned., 824; Italian troops for in, 181 (p. 181); troops coming from, Spain at, 347; Spanish Mug's ambasto aid Parma, IBS (p. 185); du Plessis sador in, wishes to levy mariners in, goes to, 199; news from, 234 (p. 338), 494 (p. 486). 348; Parma looks for horse from, Genoese. Preach Hag feasted at Lyons by, 258; dtt Pleeais sent to Paris oii his 28S (p. 281); merchants in Paris, king way to, 266; Duke of Bouillon in, 300; orders books of, to "be burnt, 396 (v. . Spanish government more prejudicial 393). to, than JiVenoh, 323; Archbishop of Geoffroy, M.. Mme de la SToue mentions, 342. Salzburg olaims supremacy of, 838 ..., Master. Set Brumen. (p. 323); Duke of Bouillon does not go Geoghagan, 'Mageoghagan,' Bryan, an Irishto 369; Zoloher leaves, 396 (p. 394); man, desires to return to her Majesty's Oobham seitcta remonstrance of Scottish favour, 307, 308; writes to Oobham, lords against d'Aubigny into, 424 308; ' Mac Goghegan,' Oobham speaks (jp. 417); reference to English trade in, with, 897 (p. 395); 'Maghogannan,' 427"; Princes of, 434; suspicion in, of French king giyes money ta, 42S(p. King of Poland, 468; Gilpin refers to 416); comestoGobhana-with submission his departure from, 474; plagae in, and contrition, 4S7; requires to 476; like to be a great stir in, 612, understand what he may trust to 620. German Ooean, princes of, proposed alliance , letter from, 303. f of, with Steelyard, and England to meet George Gtiatavus, son- of following, letter of designs against ioth England and recommendation of, to Elizabeth, 144; Geneva, 73 (p. 66). Duke of Liilaelstein thanks Elizabeth Germigny, Jacques de, Baron, de G-eirmoles, for fowur shown to, 429, French ambassador at Constantinople, George Hans. Palatine, Duke of Bayaria and French king sends letters to, on behalf Lisfcselsfcein or Petit-Pierre, and Oonni. of English merchants trading in the of Yeidente, letters from 144, 429, Levant, 441; king intends to recall letter to, 414. . from Constantinople, 520. Gerardinej Patrick, Ir&h bishop, deceased, 869. Geron, Huguenot captain, admitted into German, Almaine, Allmayn, gentleman comes Bruges, 69. to Stencil Court, sad offers Oobham Ghent, letters from. Oudenarde to magistrate* means of making artillery, 35, 77 (p, of, 14; Sttttes' forces in suburbs of, 72); troopa or Hug of Spain, 80; 16; Monsieor'B oarap at, 18; victuals companiesflepartiagtowards '.Fereeras, and munition sent to Ondenarde from, US; troops, Parma with. near. SO; camp near, 3 1 ; prisoners of Oudenarde, 118 (#.117); soldiers in enemy's camp brought into, 32; news Spanish annyforakrceras, j^g. t r o o p s of enemy from, 4$, S3 (p. 46); send to nearlSramiw, ISA, 184; unsigna leTisd Monsieur: for help for OudeBasde, 69; forManders,209(^. 309); language, letters seat to lords of, about state of Serfs eeaa« copy of traajlation from, padenarde, J9, 81 j magistrates of, 234; soldiers raised ia iloissou in b i to mistrust news of Mpnsieur's

• GENEEAL Ghent—cont. troopjs from France and Germany, 96; Korris repairs to Monsieur's camp in order to please people of, 98; people of, send to Monsieur, 100; French forces marching towards, 109, 111; river of, mentioned in place of Oudenarde, 318 (p. 117); States' camp near, in poverty and misery, 136 (p. 126); Monsieur's camp nt, 135; embassy sent from, to Monsieur,toreqaeat help for Oudenarde, 135 ; alarm of enemy's near approach to, 142; bravado made before camp at, 143; camp at, moves towards Bruges, 143 (p. 141); news of capture of Oudenarde brought to, 146; Honsiear's camp at, goes to Dunkirk, 147; people of, write a friendly letter to Monsieur, 147 (p. 145); eamp moves from, to Bruges, 151; easigos from, join raunp at DnnKri, 164, 164; list of captains in oamp at, 189; Monsieur supposed to have more goodwill to Bruges than to, 181; reference to departure of States' camp from, 135; Williams joins oamp at, 191 j Attorney-Gteueral of, sent for to prepare Saicedo's ease, 192; majiy imprisoned at. for complicity in Saicedo's plot, 203, 204; report that Monsieur will go, 206, 337 (f- 228); Monsieur to make entry afc; aa Earl of Handera, 234 (p. 237), 235; Prince of Orange and Monsieur to go to, 237 (p. 341), 238, 243; States' camp to inarch towards, 358; people of, make great preparations to receive Monsieur, 258 (j>. 256); States' csunp marches . towards, 359; Monsieur and Prince of Orange - to go to, 360, 278, 279; Monsieur created Earl of, 279. 280 (p. 273); States' camp near, 283, 284; list of magistrates of, 284 ; Monsieur's camp near, 294, 396; reference to retreat of States' army from, 300; States' camp between Oudenarde and, 302 (p. 295); Monsieur and Prince of. Orange leave,. 303; reference to skirmish before, 304; reception of Monsieur at, 306; reference to skirmish before, 306,309,320, 333, 337 (i»- 327), 345; reference to those woomded before, 847; oaatleof Qaebeck a place of importance on road to, 374; people of, choose Prinee of Epinoy to he goTevnorof Slanders, 391; reference to Prince of Parma's defeat before Ghent, 406, 438; newa from, 440; , horsemen from, eaptnre Malcontents, 475, 4S9; Sreneh army march towards, 498,504; English mutineers apprehended at, 514; Monsieur's army near, ft&7; reference to skirmish before, 528; prisoners brought to.631; people of, ill-pleased at delay of Irenoh army, 633; enemy's army near, 535; people of, grieved at delay of Sreoeh troops, 536, ..,,..>.., lettersand dispatches dated at, 79, 93, 138, 142,192, 270, 373, 273, 274, 277* 378,279,230,381,

INDEX.

579

. Shoes (qy. Goor), oh the Bhine, held for King of Spain, 438 (2). Giamtnetti, —•, to pay Swiss troops for MtmsiBur's Ber/siee, 209 ($• 308). Gibhe, William. Jesuit in Spain, letter from, 286. Gibbs, Ghiibes, Bsohard. master of Thomas Alein, 46. Gilbart, —, English papist in Koine, 137 (p. Gilbert, —, of Dover, reference to letter for satisfying of, 404. Gillie, Willem, secretary of Antwerp, 548. Gilpin, George, Secretary of Merohant Adventurers in Antworp, solicits payment of interest OK Elizabeth's loan to States, 16, 40; delivers to Longston copies of States' bonds, 67; goes to Augsburg, 80; Herle meete, in Holland, 85 Jp. 76); reference to hia departure from Antwerp, 93; reference to Letters for, 168; reference to proceedings of, at Augsburg, 241, 360; not snffioiently regarded at Imperial Diet, 302 (p. 297); sends copy of letter referring to ^Rogers, to Walsmgham, 316; still at Augsburg, 388; mentioned, 410 {p. 408;; sends Dews from Augsburg, 427; reference to journey of. to Piet, 463; reference to letter sent through, 487; mentioned, 490,49^ 526. , ,.,., letters from, 12,17,27,44, 474,489,523. , letter to, 10, 42. Giruldes, Giraldi, JFranoisoo, late Portuguese Ambassador at Paris, gives assurance of money to Signor Iigafettij339 jSeerefary 'Moro' a friend to, 348 (p* 339); Cobhatn importunes; for m6ney due upon his bills, 397 (p. 396); reference to latter from, 420; goes towards Spain, 44s!; terms made with, 471; not admitted into French.-king's presence, 472 (p. 460); requested to cease demanding an audienoe, 494 {#. 484); mentioned, 538, 6C3. ..,..,..., , letters from, S99, 407. ...j , Bonofabove,goestolfcaly]399. GitfOb, Pedro, Dti&e of Osunn, Yiceroy of Naples, gnarf of, to he all Italians, 113' (!'• Hl>-; off Marseilles, with galleys, 438 (i?, 415) ftisohlar, Peter, of Uri, Swiss ambaEsador to " Paris, 519. (Tiusfciniuni. Alvise, Patriarch of Aqaileia, Signory of Yenice send request to Pops against, 4 {p, 4); death of, 4(55. Gtlasooe, HMehaarcL English merchant in Venieo, 295. &laago*ws Archbishop of;. See Beaton, James. CHasse, Walter, in William's company, 26S. 6i-lencairns earl of; See Cunningham, Eleven, Benold, merchant note of spoils taken from, by Ireneh pirates, 543. Goch, ' Ctosoh,' near Blyenbeoi, Sohencfc buys horse and property in, 134 (p. 194). Me Iiieaen, etehetin nf upper h i Sheet, 284,

580

GENERAL

Soerao, Jeanne de, daughter of Lottie de, wife of Prince of Oonti, receives bishopric of Bayeux from French king, 209 (p. 208,; kinsman of, to be Bishop of Bayeuxj 369. Golbe, M. de, in command of cornet of horse at Ghent, 180. Golding, Charles, in Williams' company, 363. Goletta. 1M, reference to Spaniards captured by Turks at, 6. CfOmieconrt, Adrian de, Governor of Haestriebi, safe-conduct for Oudenarde hy, 140. Gtondi, Albert de, Duke of Beta, Marshnl, meets Queen Mother in Paris, 62 (j>. 52); galley of, to transport Don Antonio to Belle Isle, 74 (p. 67); Duke of Savoy said to have informed, of enterprise against Geneva, 209 (p. 209); many hoars in council with Queen Mother,248; King sends into Britanny, 441 (p. 484); King' goes to honse of, 467. ,.,.,.,.,, Jerfime, Baron de Crelun, Cobfaam wishes to sell diamond to, 34; confers •with Cobham aliotit Engl-JEk seminarymen and priests in France, £4; mentioned, 113,122; gentleman of Catalonia lodges in house of, 467; Queen Mother borrows money from, 472 (p. 462); mentioned, 494 (p. 484). ., Pierre de, Bishop of Paris, English priests, and scholars recommended to, 54; Gtower put in prison of, 149; many ionrs in oounoil with Queen Mother, 243; promises to obtain satisfaction for Spanish agent, 348; Gower detained by, 480 (p. 472); Swiss ambassadors feasted by, 494 (p. 484). Gontaut, Armand de, Baron de Eiron, Marshal of France, meets Queen Mother In Paris, 62 (p. 52); -wishes to serve Monsieur in Flanders, 62 (p. 53); wishes to serve Monsieur in Handera, 62 {p. 53) ; to be sent to Slanders, 79, SB (p. 81), 98; ill content with Monsieur, 103 (p. 99); Frenoh ting wishes to repair to Monsieur, 209 (#. 208), 2S7; .confers with Queen Mother on Monsieur's letters, S09; Prince Daupkin wishes, to keep him company, 828; liiely to' go with Prince Dauphin, SSI; receives commission to go to Flanders with PM»C& Dauphin, 3431 willing to take charge of eorap prepared for Flanders, 848; to conduct army into Flanders. 833, 369, SSL; rots garrison into Catnbray, 438 (p. 115); French king Rends money to pay army of, 441 (p. 4B8); la Hothe-Fdnelon to visit OB his way to England, 457; intends to go into Flanders, 465; Is Mothe to donTer with on his way to. England, 487; oomee to Sntvelbfis, 470 (if. 460}; mentions^, 4$2 (p. 463); te&dy to eomo into Manners, 473; of Orange stfloaives letters fronj,

INDEX. ant—cant. 477; near Grayelines, 487; at Bruges. 492, 498; satisfaction in France at safe arrival of, in Low Countries, 494 (p. 434); good hope that he will establish order in army, 499; mentioned, 600; feasted at Bruges, 504; expected at Antwerp, 512, 514; arrives at Antwerp, 534. , Charles and Alexander, sons of above, come to Low Countries with Frenoh army, 492. (Jonzaga, Ferrante, wounded before Ghent, 847. .Francis, General of Franciscans, wishes to accommodate disorders in, that Order, 150 (p. 150;. Louis da, Duke of Nevers, brother" to Duke of Mantua, reference to quarrel between Bute of Mantua and, 150 (p. 150);» party with Guises, 249 ; Queen Mother sends Oamille Fera to make up quarrel between Duke of Mantna and, 346 (p. 338), Duke of Mantua grants annual sum of money to, 478. •, Ootavian, arrives at Namur, 184. , Vincent of, son of following, proposed marriage of, with Prinoesa of Lorraine, 848(p. 338). ..., William of, Dake of Mantua, sends Captain of Alba to French Court, 4 (p. 3); sends gentleman to French king, 150 lp 150); Spanish king said to to compounding with, for Morquisate of Monferrat, 848 . 388); French ambassador sent to, 397 (p. 895); dislikes marriage between Drike of Savoy and Dake of. Florence's daughter, 397 (p. 396); grants Duke of Kerers an annual sum of money, 478. Gtonzagu, House of, Queen Mother wishes Coideliers to acoapt one of, as General, 248. Gonzalez, Antonio, uoeount of his capture by Kenne, 469. .,...,..., Gaspar, Portuguese merchant, signs Bond to Captain Kenne, 452. Goodriphe, •' Gufcray • [qy, Gutfme], military commissary Bent from King of Soots to Monsieur, 12(5 (jp. 137); brings letters to Monsieur at Antwerp, 148 (» 140) 151;hisdeatK. 300. Gordon, George, Earl of Huntly, might be stirred tip to favour d'Aubigay's party, 472 (p. 461). > Oaptain, officers in company of, thought to be in confederacy with Sempill, 377 (p. 375). Gorge, Thomsa, gentleman of Queen's bedchamber, tajtes letters to King and Queen of Sweden, 20-1, 202, 2S8; takes icket from Cobham. to Walsingham, 31. Goiiefamj, Goreum, on jfoe Waal, hsM bv illonirienr, 438 (2). Oothard, Antonio, Portuguese attorney, 56.

t

GENEEAL G-ouffier, Francois, Seigneur de Crtvecoeur, Governor of Pioardy, falls upjn ensigns from Pici-rdy, 43 ; companies under, go through Pioardy, 91. ..., Henri, Ssigneur de Bonnivet, son of tke last, dispatched by Monsieur to mutinous troops, 161; gives the lie to Egtnonfc, 203 (p. 202); 'Beneveto,' captures Eyndhoven, 628, 633, 536. Gouimville. —, captain in 'army' for Don Antonio, 95, 115 (p 115). Goordan, M. de, Captain of Calais, his nephew slain in the Pr6 anx Ciercs, 170; takes boats of Dover to bring soldiers to Low Countries, 825; Prince of Parcna. thought to have good intelligence with, 343 (p. 334). Gourmette, M. de, Lieutenant-Colonel to Yillenenve, slain by Phordon, 70. Governor, Mr. See Hoddesdon, Gowar, John, Jehan, examination of, concerning his religion, 66; CoTjham's examination of, 149; Cobham deals with, 188; Oobham begs for release of, 480 (p. 472). Goyon, Jacques de, Siear de Matigaon, Marshal, to see restitution made to merchants of Chester, 34; to take sway government of Blaye from young Lansao, 86; to accompany king of Navarre into all towns within his government, 482, Graffina, Augusttn, mentioned in letter from Venero to Afiastro, 46. Graham, John, earl of Montrose, ' Moantroae," said to have been apprehended by Scottish ting, 260; d'Aubigny's party hope to receive help from, 472 {p. 461). 'Granache,' Garnache, Mine de la. See Rohan. Granada, John.de. in army for Teroeras, 112. , Fray Luis de, letter from, on death of Duke of Alra, 558. Grange, Francois de la, Seignenr de Montigny, Cobhtun uses means of, to send into Kbrmandy, 114. Granger, —, pirate, 430. Gransom, —, letter-bearer, 498, Granrelle, Cardinal. See Perrenot. GranviHe, JSL de, in command of cornet of horse at Ghent, 180. Granville in Normandy, ships eome to, bringing news oi encounter between French and Spaniards in Azores, 307. Grave, on the Haas, huldby Moasjeur.,43S{2). Grarelines, States agree to shut up traffic of victuals between Holland and, 9, 18 (p. 16); Frenoh king allows Sj»nish merchants to transport money by sea, to, 86; Prinoe Dauphin's forces on frontiers of, 100; Ereneb troops to go to, 143 (p. 139), 146 5 Farma's camp Bent from Oudenardeto, 147; Jrenoh troops oross river at, 160; free passage given at, to deserters fromStates' damp. 185; enemy thought to be goingtowards, 200; Parma tries to stop passage of French troops at, 334 ( p. 237); l a Motte ill ot, 252;

INDEX.

581

Gravelines —cant, enemy fears Monsieur's troops will cross river at, 321; Parma will not allow French to slip through hie hands at, 388; money sent through Spanish inerehant to, 343 (p. 884); French cavalry to pass below, 456; Biron passes by, 472 (p. 460), 487; French artny enters Low Countries by, 492, 498; enemy marohing towards, 531. Gray, ' Gree,; Lord, — son of, deserts States at Manin, and joins enemy, 220. Graye, Captain, retakes fly-boat captured by pirates, 400. Greek, bishop in Rome, Jehan Gower ordained priBst by, 66; men take part in tournament at Constantinople, 178; ohorokin Venice, 3S5. Greenwich, 153; reference to letter written from, 262. , letters dated at, 42, 130. Gregory XEII (Hugh Buonoompagno), Pope, 4 ( p. 4); sai d to hare sent English Jesuits to.reside in Franoe, 33 {£.29); Walsingham and Tresam disooss supremaey of ,50 ; Jehaa Gower sent to hostel in Rome by, 66; mentioned, 71; said to be helping to besiege Genera, 73 (p. 65); Saguenots think that their destruction is being planned by, 9 1 ; Catholics in pay of, at Lucerne, agree to help Duke of Savoy, 102; plans offensive and defensive league among Catholic princes, 106; horsemen from territory of, repair into dwshy oE Milan, 122; mentioned, 138 (p. 129); reference to, as <E (1), 137; Elizabeth wishes French ling to write to, on behalf of OsbomeaiidStaper, 141 j Grower esteems power of, as other bishops', 149; Duke of Savoy deeply in eoaf edemtion with, 152; extends snares to entrap English subjects, 162; galleys of, taken prisoner by Turks, 167; sends letter to Queen of Scots by duTtkriaaeati, 210; English ship detained at Malta by Inquisitors of, 211 {a); practices agaissfc Geneva take plaoe by means of, 225; Duke of Savoy sorry for ad-rice taken from, 226; does al! he can to prevent soldiers from going to service of Monsieur, 226; mentioned, 266 i J>£- de Voit hug audience of, concerning Oaborne's ship, 332; gives ordrfr for release of Osborne's ship, 862; nrinistors of, pluea hia •psactitioners' along soa coast of Franoe, 369; entertains Muscovite ambassador in order to put jealousy between him and the lark, 885; reference to new calendar of, 396 (p. 394); mentioned, 397 (p. 895); always ready to ieJp King of Spain, 403; Irake of Savoy encouraged by, to attack Genera, 419; mentionBd, 423 {p. 415); Bisuops of Glasgow and Boss send letters to, 424; sew calendar of, to ue m. force in Branoi, 441 (p. 434)j nuncio wishes to obtain consent of, to sell certain lands, 4A&;

GENEBAL

INDEX.

Gneldors—cont. Gregory XIII— emit, 388; Italian troops pass into, 350; ia a prosperous state of health, 465; army in, relieves loohem, 358 ; Count reference to new calendar of, 468; Hohonlohe said to have defeated Malmakes now Cardinals, 472 (p. 461); aoatents in, 361 ; Monsieur's forcea ministers of, allow free trade to in, to follow enemy, 363; enemy's forces English subjects in Italy, 478; allows in, marching towards Bs-uges, 375; King Philip to impose double tenths on success of Korris in, 876; people of, certain Commauderies, 478 (.p. 468); wish French forces to Remain in their forms new oouncil, 494 (p. 485) j country, 377 (#. 375); States of, refuse receives damage from Religions vrede, Count William of Jfassa/u as governor, 496; puts off the election of new 37J {p. 375), 392; nothing done bycardinals, 518 (#. 509); Archduke f oroesin. 392; Norrisin,394; news from, Charles enters into leftgue with, 518 404; Count Wiiliam of Nassau general (p. 510); Bossevino sent as ambas^ of forces in, 428; States of, refuse to sador from, to King of Poland and have Norria as general, 428; refereaoe Muscovite, 520; supposed practice of, to journey of States' troops into, 456; against Elizabeth. 538; referenda to reference to letter written from, 470 ; aonfederacy of King of Spain with, 540. Fremyn'a regiment returns from, 487. ......,.., letter to,'211 (a), Guernsey, Oygne of Middelburg seized by Srene, Reynold, English merchant at Konen, officers in, 83. signs petition, 341. Grenhall, James, English merchant at Bonen, Guesnes, Diego di fe. d'lnignez], 45 (p, 4ft). Guevara, Oeroaimo de, in army for Teroeraa, signs petition, 841. 112. Greville, Bulke, 15. Quiche Philibert de la, accompanies Swiss Grey, Arthur. Lord Grey da Wilton, son of, ambassadors to Paris, 494, eimes to Paris, 494 (p. 484). Gttillielmus, sent to del Bene from Bute of Qriffin, Robert, in Williams' company, 263. Guise, SI, eWllosi,JiT, do. #«! Barton. Cruillonville, —-, captain in 'army' for Don (Winston, —, 114 (j>. 114). Antoaio, 95,115. Gripaholm, letter dated at, 228. Gfuiaea, Kenne plunders Portuguese ship going (Jroll, on the Bhine, held by King of Spain, to, 469. 438 (2). Guion. —, herald of Brands I. 507 (p. 498). g , 'Groyning,' Monsieur intends to Guise, Louis da Lorraine, Cardinal of, place small force in, 18 J statement of Duchess of Semours' son, comes to Paris . pay of Spanish companies in, 328. to meet Queen Mother, 62 (p. 52); dines Grosian, Odo, master of ship equipped by with King, 396 (p. 392); to be in AHnovUle to attack English vessels, King's new council, 494 (p. 486). 218-(e). (Jnise, House of, GuiBards, supposed to have fastened lampoon on Epernou's door, 4 Gruntere, Jonokhecr Joos de, e&cJtevin of (p, 3); Colonel Stewart said to be a , upper bench in Ghent, 284. favourite of, 118 { p. 120): assembled Gusdagne, Jeoit Baptists de, the Abate di in Kormandy for special consultation, Guadagua. suggestion that he should 143(p. 141), 161; many voices of, ia bs sent to Scotland, 433 (p. 414); Bon assembly at -Fontaiaebleaaj 162; Antonio brought to Saint-Maux by, Eeheining in Franee, 182; lying in wait 516. to intercept Cobbam's letters, 249; Goslders, Gnalderiand, to pay share of interest disssfcisfiea with Mcinsxeur for sending on Elizabeth's loan to States, 12; news of Saloedo's plot to Ring, 260; Sohenk's reitors come to States' service preplexed by Soottisb affairs, 334 ', in, 18; failure of Terdngo'a attempt to Qneen Mother urged by, to take deliver Sehenk out of prison in, 30: interest iji affairs of Scotland, 368 likely to be lost throagh departure of (p. 367) ; Salcado denies his assertions Norris, 118 (p, 118); threatens ta concerning, 396 (p. 392) ; will be become Malcontent, 148 (p. 139.); strengthened by marriage of Dofce of Williams refers to his service in, 191; Elbceaf with Count of Chs,xni'» Sblxensk coaveyed from. 194 (p, 104); daughter, 396 (p. 39S) ; fear Salcedo's King of Spain wishes Parsns to send sayings, 401; wish MayneviUe to be forces to, 2S4 (p. 288); senior member seat to Kngland, 424 ; soldiers of, of Chamber ot Aaoonnts in, to settle speak against King and Monsienr, 441 ; dtfionlt!e& between Baron of Anholtand cleared by Satcedo, 441 (p. 433}; BogatSj 239 (2); deputies from, expected Slizitbeth deaiTea to be informed at Ghent, 260; Soots in, hetray cagtio whether Saloedo's oonfesaioa towshes, of Battenlmrg to enemy, $02 (p< 29C); 449 ; referenoB to Sabjedo's sayings MoBsisar's uffiura going badly in, 815 against, 473 ; at feast given by Bishop ^p, 309); overthrow of States' forces of Pttris to Swiss ambassadors, 494 m,318; Norris goes to, 330; enemy's Dofo of iSayoy, 498; person, seeks to aad States' ttoopa going towards, 3SG j (p. 484); deal with iSwiss on behalf of SascoBS go to reli&ve, 335; reference ally himself Iriih, SIS. to Korra's position in, 83?j mentioned,

GENEEAL INDEX. Guise in Pieardy, Monsieur's reiters near, 86, 110. Guise, Duke of. See Lorraine, Henry of. Guith (qy. Gucnt), M. Van der. in command of cornet of horse at Ghent, 180. Gnmberg (?), Egbert de, statement of pay of companies under, 328. Gutray. See' Goodriche. Gayenne, many men in, trained for war, and vma.ble to do any other work, 872; Mattgnon to levy money from people in,482. Gwynn, William, in Williams' company, 263.

588

Hallinkhoffer, Ijeuohardt, from St. , ambassador to French iing, 519. Hambach, Duke of Oleves1 Court at, 316. Hamburg, English cloth to be shipped to, 233; petition ojf citizens of, 351 ; trade of Merchants Adventurers well anderatood at, 550. Hamilton, Claude, brother to Lord Hamilton, cornea to England to sue for pension, 77 (p. 71); writes to his brother conCBroing friendship with EaTl of Angus. 210. , John, Lord, ' Lord' (Commendator) of Arbrothe, reference to letters from, 24; mentioned, 74 (p. 68); Walsingbam deals with Elisabeth for pension of, 77 (p- 71); visits Cobham, 150 (p. 151), 210; writes to Cobham, 472 (p. 462); sends letters to Elizabeth and Walsingham, 488. H .,, letters from, 25. Hangest, Louis de, Viscount of Algenlieu, 1 Hable neff©' (i.e. Havre Nenf). See Havre his lieutenant admitted into Bruges, de Grace, 09. Kaekefct, George, factor for Soottisli King, Hanse towns, 'Hanse^steda,' Gilpin brings ooraes to Antwerp, 143 (p. 140), 151. letters from Emperor to Elizabeth upok eanses of, 427; reference to libels Hackney, Pallavioino's house at, 464. scattered abroad by, against Merchants Haeghe, Jouofcheer Jacques Tan der, lord of Adventurers, 453, 560. G-oithem, egcftevin of upper bench in Haute, Iffiehiel van, eschevin of upper bench Ghent, 284. in Ghent, 284. Ejaegnt, ' Hftyth," village between Lierre and Harbrowe, Hanse von in Williams' company. iouvain, fortress in, taken by French, 263. 406. Hague, reference to agreement passed ar, Hardenbarg, Princes of Orange and Epinoy to pass through, 151. between Elizabeth, and: States, 12, 37: Herle meets Gilpin at, 85 {p. 78). Harlay, 'Harle,1 Achilla de, President of Fariament de ParlB, son-in-law to de Hsic, Paul de la, deceased in England, Thou, 441 (p. 433), 620. . relatives of, go to secure money left by, 530. ,.,., Kicholas de, sieur de Sancy, brother of above, former ambassador to Swiss, Hainatdt, Henogo, Paraw sends to towns of, named as ambassador to Constantinople, for gunpowder, 58 (p. 46); Lsl&ing 520. makes plot to deliver up his charge in, to Monsieur, S3 (p. 80); Count Hans, JacquBS de, Sieur de Chanyallon, feldt made governor of, 96; French 'Cenvalon,' goes to Monsieur. 442; horae may come by way of, 243; no passes through Bruges, 463. victuals or munitions to bo sent into, Harley, Francis, vice-admiral of England, from Calais, 284 ; fall of Spaniards, money paid to, by French trader to 286; general meeting of States of, at redeem strip, 292. Arras, S49; towns of, disheartened by loss of Lille, 358? States of, have not Harte, John, in Williams' company, yet answered demands of Frinoe of 363. Parma, 364; towns of, refuse to take in Spanish soldiers, S75; French army to Harvye, Eoberts in Williams' oompamy, 263. Hastings, Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, 20, jnarch to, 527; com search in, 531. 520. HaiB5, Captain, plunders IVcncli merchants, ' Bat-fill,* —, servajtfc of Swift, 430. 392. Hatton, Sir Ohristopasr, vice-chamberlain of Hal, .Frenoh fail in attempt an, 877; enemy England, said to bate become Spanish r, 512. 1$ (p. 17|; * Jlauviss&re entreats BaIIe-wjii,.forOBs from Arfcois to go to, 118 EHzaTje^i to pardon servant of, 68; (p. 118); Trinoe of Parma's ensigns at, Middleton snpjrosed to 'appertain' to, 323; aiiimish aesr, 8i9, 364; Prince 324. of Parma, finishes his forts at, 376; people of Menitt atfenak fort at, 391 ; JEIaoltepeiine, M. de. 1 Sit Beriaymont. •Halowin' States' troops may attaek, Haaltfort, .'Hertford, Preatdeat, See Bel500, lievre, Jean d«*

584

•GENEBAL

INDEX.

Haattmer, Guillaume de, Cointe de Qran- Henry III, King of France, news from Court of, 3 ; reoBiyrs Queen of Navarre, 4 oey, Seigneur de Pervacques, refer($>• 2;; grants audience to ambasaador ence to his quarrel with Baron de of Savoy, 4 (J>. §); mentioned in conViieaux, 55; Monsieur's horse find foot tract between Monsieur and States, 18 under government of, 62 (p. 53); (p- 16); Cobham tries to selldiamond Chevalier Breton writes letter for to, 24 j Monsieur sends dn Vray to, to Stiffing of , 70; receives charge from reoiore impediments to marriage, 26 ; Mng co levy ooiupiiniea in Normandy, his dealings with Flemish fujitiTes, 91; comes to Oaxnbr&is, 118 (£.118); 29; Cobham informs of Elisabeth's Norris hopes to rolieTe Oudenarde with deaire touching her ' indisposed * subhelp of, 119," said to beatMons, 14S jects, 33; makes restitution toiffarbury, {p. 139); expected at Dunkirk, 354, 34; Oobham hopes to he sent to 1(54; Swiss coming to Low Countries Monsieur at expense of, 37; Maurissi&re tinder conduct of, 181 (p. IBS), 214 ; wishes to maintain ainiiy between •Tarraoaa," rumour of liis coining into Elizabeth and, 47; BJlavioino begs Flanders, 306, 458; near Gra-velines. help from, for his brother's cause, 48 ; 487; at Bruges, 492, 493; at Court, • Estates wish all trading with enemy to 499, 602; jealousy between Biron and, be forbiddf n by. 53• {p- 46); his answer 514; will be able to pat some go.jd to Cobham concerning Knglish seminary order in Tjovr Countries, 515. men and priests ia Prance, 54; Vimioso Havers, Captain, of Berwick, does good confers with, 59; at I'ontaineblean, service before Ghent, 803 (p. 298). 62 (1> 62); will ssndBiron to UJandera, 62 (p. 53i; mentioned, 64j forbids Hayault, Baron de, statement of pay ot comtrading of Oalaie and Heii^res with panies nnder, 328. enemy. 70; mentioned, 72; his HavrS, Hayreeb,, Marquis of. See Croy, (iealinga with . GenuV», 73; leaves Charles Philippe de. Fontuinebleau. 74 (p. 07); Cobham Havre de Gtraoa, l£a-rre Neuf, 'liable neffi,' to give gome answer to; touching JjWioh man to be embarked at, for Elizabeth's marriage, 77 (p. 71) ; said Scotland, 43; Puke of Ghuae said to to have allowed powder to be sent bare shipped horses at, for King of to Scotland, 77 (p. 71); commands Scotland, 63 (p 46) ; ships at, laden Mauvissiere to writo on behalf of with artillery for Scotland, 69 ; menFrench merchants, 78; said to be tioned, 74 (p. 68), 75, 90; JobnDowes sending Biron to Handera, 79 ; desires ' goes to, 91; Scottish messenger goes Haurissiere to spesk to Council conby way of, 369; new expedition for cerning the Sermine, taken by Knollys, Terceras to start from, 457. 82; st&ys passage of reiters through Picardy, 85 (p. 81); said to be oonHawes, John, merohant of tondon on board eerned in aiege of 0eneT», 86 (p. 81) j Kmmmel, 8. Bellievre has access to, 86 ; not well in 'Heitzen,' John, mentioned in letter from health, 87; matee gratnity to Warcop, Venero to Anastro. 46. 89 ; gives oharge to IVyaqnea to levy companies in Normandy, 91 ; said Heland, Gfhedraedt, eechevin of lower bench in be going to 'make lams' King of Spain's Ghent, 28*. encroachments, 100; Bellievre gives Helgeland, Selgalandiam, mentioned in out that he is ready to perform all that former treaty between England and Eliraibyfii requires to further marriage, Denmark, 561. 101 ; mind of, in regard to affairs of Hellebonrg, Court, ' Oourdtherkelniberoh,' Geneva and Scotland, 102 ; mentioned, imprisoned by merchants of Bouen for 106; will da all he can to help Monsieur, taking their ships, 139. 110 ; Cobham hopes for audience with, 118 ; reconstructs Privy Council, 114; Helmond, Blmonfc,tokenby Monsieur's troops spends much money on Portuguese 539. exploit, 114' (p. 113) ; ins promises Hemmar.Diggory, in Williams' company, 263. for shutting up passages of HKzidres Henry V, of Bnglaud, more Englishmen in and Calais not performed, 118 (j>, 119;; I>yons than sinee days of, 137. receives knowledge that the Swiss are loth to r&aew league with him, 1S2 ; Henry "VI,Kuig of England, reference to treaty calls Council at Pontainehleaa to letwdan King of Denmark and, 551. consider great causes on foot, 132 ; Henry VII, of England, reference to his Oobham to complain to, of BacqueTiUe'e refusal to join league of Cambray, 295; conduot in attacking English ships, 127; reference to treaty between King of reference to letter to, from Elizabeth, Denmark anil, 55t. 141; supposed to be lately to abandon Henry YIU, King of Kagland. reference to Netherlands altogether, 143 (p. 139); Memiahip between JPranois I and, 607 Gobham's audience with, 160; gives (y. 498j; reference to treaty betwees audience to Pope's ntmeio and ambassaEiag of penmafk and, &&1. dors o£ Venice and Savoy, 150 {p. 160); help from, muoh wished for in. NetherII. iatft King o! Srnnee, lands, 161; rumour of severe illness of. fatker served, 3GS.

GENERAL INDEX.

585

Henry III, King of France—eont. Henry III, King of IVanoe—eont. 151 (p. 153); King of Fez sends letters reference to aid given by, to Don to, 152; reference to letters to Cobhaoi Antonio, 317; declaration by, confrom, 162; onlled the Pope's eldest cerning marriage of Elizabeth and son, 162; slid to be ill, 165; wishes to Monsieur, 318; mentioned, 326; receive English dogs, 166; Mauvissiere assigns tax on salt to Monsieur, 831; wishes Elizabeth to send answer to, i at JSoorbon-Lancy, 333; stays letters 168; sends monay to Cantons, 169; to I/ow Countries from Spanish and Cohbum's audience with, 173; des Portuguese merchants, 887 (p. 328) ; Ouches takes hursea to, from England. mentioned, 340; English merchants at 174; writes to Manvissiere touohing Bouen complain of heavy taxes to be defraying of Monsieur's oharges in wars paid to, 341; note of taxes on English of Flanders, 179; to mnet King of goods exported from France in reign of, Mavarre at Chanipigny, 179; (Juisards 341 {p. 332); gives commission to scheming to alienate, from Monsieur, Biron to go with Prince Dauphin to 182; promises Elizabeth anything she Flanders, 843; writes on behalf of oouhi in reason desire, to further marOassie, 344; said to hive made new riage, 183 ; Priiioa Dauphin will only league with Swiss^to his great satisfaccome to Low Countries by express tion, 347; mentioned. 348; sends command of, 185; Jesuit arrested on ministers through realm to obtain loan, suspicion of attempting murder, 188; 348 (p. 839); grants tax on salt in Monsieur sends nsws of SaJoedo'e conLarguedoo to Prince of Coniie, 34S (p. spiracy to, 132; promises to discharge 340) ; makes proclamation at OaliUB Blizabeth of all charges of war if she . ; tbat no stranger shall dwell on his will marry Monsieur, 200 ; Monsieur frontiers, 349 ; mentioned, 352; libels sends uews of Saleedo's plot to, 203; set up on street corners in Borne gives Moasiear's troops leave to march prejudicing name of, 352; mentioned, through. France, 203 (p. 203); Mon353 (p. 345); Elizabeth does not wish sieur awaiting answer of, concerning letters from, to Queen of Scots to be S&loedo and Egmont, 2Q4; changes sent through Muuvissiero, 3S7; will sundry governors in his provisoes, 209; not help war in Flanders, 358; referenoe to letter from, to Pope, conmentioned, 803, 369; sends oostly cerning Osborne's ship, 211 (&}; Pitlclothes to Scottish Mng, 370; wishes lavioino uncertain whether Monsieur Elizabeth to aid him, if he undertakes will ba helped by, 212; friendship war with Spaniards, 372; ma&ea combetween King of Spain and, 216; plaint of King of Spain before Senate report of plot to murder, 220-; league of Venice, 881; said to have decided to concluded between Swiss and. 226; plotbring great hulks from Flanders to aid ters against, apprehended in Paris, 327; Don Antonio, S83; domes to Paris, French troops will come to Low 886 ; refuses to meddle with affairs of Countries at bidctiog of, 237 (jp. 228); Scotland, 898 (p. 392); renews league Cobham has audience with, 229; with Swiss, 897; said to have denies that he knows of any commission agreed to all Monsieur's demands that might preveDt Elizabeth^ subjects touching marriage and charges from trading in Spain, 230; Monsieur of wur, S98; mentioned, 401; sends news of 8a3cedo"s conspiracy to, Elisabeth would help Don Antonio if 231; people of Lierre swear to be backed by, 402; court of, at Dollenvillf, enemies of, 234 (p. 237); ambas408; Oobham's BOaverBatson with, oonsadors from, coma to Bruges, 235, oeraing English merchants in the 243; reference to conspiracy dis- , Levant, 421: iS&lcedo crayes mitigation covered at court of, 338 ; commands a or his torture from, 433 (p. 414); Swiss ooach to be made for Elizabeth, 246 ; send ambassadors to, 423 (p. 415); Cobham has audience with, 247; goes intends to send i» Mothe-JFcnelon to to Auvergne, 248; wishes marriage of ^England, 424; rumour in Slanders of Elizabeth and Monsieur to proceed, illness of, 428; reference to dealings 249; French soldiers placed in of, in Low Countries, 434; Oobham's Flemish towns for contentment of, 258; audience witii, 437; writes on behalf of GnisBS dissatisfied with Monsieur for English, merchants in the Levant, 440; sending Salcedo's 'confession to, 266; Pope wishes to preserve friendship Salcedo confesses plot against, 273; between KingolSpainand, 441 (p. 434j; will bs in peril if King' of Spain King of Kavarre wishes^ to annoy King recovers Low Countries, 275; goes to of Spain, 443; mentioned, 444; Iiyons, 288; forbids victuals and neaesaity ion a successor to, 449; speech ia Low Countries oilwtr fceirsreen • . • inanitions to be sent into Artois and • Eng of Spais and, 4C4; sends away Sainattlt from Oalafe, 384; goes to his Jesnifes and priests, 467; mentioned, Iiyons, 287, 2S8 (p. 381); Bordeaux 468; goes to faneral of President de merchants appeal to, for help ngainst Thou, 4'05; ia Mofche to inform, on English piratic, 291, 202; supposed to Scottish affairs, 467 ; t?ies to get Swiss Be goiag to make accord underhand Cantons to enter into aliia&oey 46S : wifch^King of Spain, 302 (p. 295); goes to Wofcre Dame de Liesse, 472» BelliSwe and Btalarfc gent to, 307;

GENERAL Henry III, King of Sianeo—cont. not very willing to give assistance to d'Aubigny, 472 (p. 462); sends gentleman to Duie of Mantua, 478; resolutions of, touching Elizabeth's sdifficulties in regard to marriage, 479 ; aecepts Elizabeth's amity gladly, 480; levies reitera and Swiss, 482; pleased at prospect of la Noue's i-eleasa, 488; Qiteen Mother troubled by voice lite that of, 486; Swiss ambassadors admitted to presence of, 494; resolves to hove new Council for introduction of deorees of Council of I'rent, 494 (p. 485); Swiss deal with, 498; feasts Swiss, 507; Gobham's audience with, touching marriage of Monsieur and Elizabeth, 607; la KLofche sends details of his negotiations with Elizabeth, 608; reference to new Counoil established by, 510, 61S; keeps Christmas, 517, 618; intends to make new inights of SaintEsprit, 518 (p. 509); names of Swiss ambassadors sent to treat "with, 619 ; Count Montreal sects favour of, for appeasing Bernese, 520; mentioned. 522; reference to supposed letters from lope and King of Spain to, concerning practice against Elizilwth, 538; has done much in helping Don Antonio, 540; would talie offence if Elizabeth refused to marry Monsieur, 545. ,, letters and dispatches from, 211 (a), 211 (e), SIB, 409. ..., letter to, 436 (1), Henry, King of Navarre, goes to Beai-n, 4 (p. 8); Klizabetli's good disposition towards, 93 (p, 29); sends ambassador to Monsieur, 63 (p. 46): in Ctauony, 62 (p. 52); ministers sent to, from every province in Prance, 75; about to return to Saint- Jean-d'Aogely, 86; said to have sent captains to Qeneva, 91; mentioned, 113; Montmorenoy adheres to, 114 (p. Hi); atSaint Jean-d'Angely, 125; proposed meeting between French. Hug and, at Ghampigny, 179; French king wishes to aompoaad with, for his governments, 809 (p. 208); agents of, sent to French court, 230 j goes to Bordeaux, 248; Oobham receives letters from, 250; Duke of Savoy sends (ttnbttsgaclor to, 388 (p. 283); mentioned, 298; Prince of CondS repairs to, in Beam, 300; brings Bale of Savoy's ambassador to confer with his sister, B4S (p 339); Monsieur sends GhareHer to, 352; his reasons for wishing for 3 foreign war, 372: Date of Saroy sends Bel»»rd to, 434 (p. 417); mentioned, 43i; wishes French . Hng to annoy Kinpf of Spain, 443; thought tojbe eomifig to Paris, 467, 482; fidend of Dt&e of Guise wishes for better amity between JJuke and, 484; ambassador of, at Sfarin itaturns, 498, »,....,.., „.,..».., letter £tom, 351,

INDEX. Hepburn, Pranois Stewart, young Earl of BothweU, visits Cobham, 74 (p. 68); well affected to Elizabeth, 87, 160 (p. 151}; Elizabeth willing to receive, 101 ; afraid to pass into England, 186; 1 Bodwoll'; Lord Hamilton confers with, 210. Henhjestion, de Pens compares Walsiagham. to, 269. Herbert, Henry, E;irl of Peiftbs-oke, 154. Herenlurg- or 'sHerenberghe, held for Monsieur, 438 (2). HerenMls, new sxipplies sent to, 325. Herle. William, reference to letters of, 175; 'Uarle,' giyea out tale of Korris's unpopularity, 227 (p. 229); ' Herlemy 260; Lesienr sends letter throngh, 315 (p. 308) ; goes to England, 688. , notes ID. hand, of ,548. „., letters from. 18, 23, 85, 100, 118, 184, H3, 151,163, 169, 203, 334, 302, 353. 'sHertogenbosoh, ' Sartingerabnrs,' Norris's troops pass through, 820, ' Saherfcogenboroh,' 337 (p- 327). See Bois-le-Duc. Hertford, Earl of. See Seymour, Edward, Hesdin, between Montreuil and Abbeville, Barwiok robbed by Burgnndiana from, 267. Hess, Mark, vice burgomaster of Copenhagen, : to buy cloth in England) 23S. Hetfelt, 'Etfelt,' M., goveritor of Ljerre, escapes from town, 231, 237. Hiagler, Peter, from IVffilhausen, ainbassador to French ting, 519. Higgona, Thcuuas, English merchant atEouen. signs petition.. 341, Hinkaert, Jean de. Siear d'Ohain, postmaster general for Loir Coantriea, complains that his postmen are molested by Van. der J?utte, 242; sent to receive Puke of Montpensier at Bruges, 487. Hipolito, Dr, physician to Prince of Parma, goes- to help those wounded bBfore Ghent, 347. Hoboken, Jan van, Greflier of Antwerp, 548. Hoohtinans, P., Ifetter from, 534. HoddeadoB, Christopher, stepson-in-Iaw of Sir BVancia Walainghain. SoTernor of Merohants Adventurers. 27; reference to letter to, 42; Gilpia leaves with Longston ' substitution'1 made by, for reaeipfc of such money as States are to pivy, 67; Iiongston sends money to, 197; letters from Emperor to Elizabeth sen£ to, 427i Hoesden, 'Hoasden^' on the Waal, NorrVs traops pass through, 320; Karris at, 337 (p. 327); held for Monsieur, 438 (2). HofsaoSs, Herr van \qij. Hoheosas, J . B . ] , defeats enemy at JLiintarg, 157. Hohenlohe-ljangtabnrg, ' Hollosk,' Philip, Oouat of, Bntertaias la Soqne at the Hague, 85 (p. 78); defeats enemy in timbarg, 157; tries to surprise BojsfoDj 205joomes to Bruges, 220;

GENEBAL HohenlohB-Langenburg—cont. victuals Loohem, 234 (p. 337), 237 (p. 341); Sempill tries to entrap, at Breda, 238; ' Holkoh,' oomes to Antwerp, 360; relieves Loohem, 297; comes to Antwerp for new supplies. 306; loses his baggage in defence of Loohein, 815 (p. 309}; with H&rriB, 320; 'Houenloe,' defends Loeheia, 337 (p. 327); sends request for Eriglieh companies, 360; said to have overthrown Malcontents in Guelderland, 361; States of (Jneldera and Prieslond dislike, 892; ' Hollosk,' will determine nothing without advice from Norris 394 (p. 388>. HohensaXj John Philip of, Swiss Baron in States' service, Schenok in oustody of, 194 (». 196). See Hofsaeks. Hoit, Captain, plunders BVenoh merchants, 292. Holder, Botolph, Qiraldes intends to pay debt due to Walsingham through, 407. Holland,people of, promiseto repay Elizabeth's loan, 12; States agree to shut up traffic of victuals between Gtrayolines and, 18 (p, 16), 70; Herle's journey in, 85 (p. 78); Martin Bro to be admiral of ships of, 85 (p. 78)-; people of, discouraged by failure of French king's promisee, 118 (p. 119;; people of, come to assembly of States-General, 143 (-p. 149); Horris to receive money from people o£, 165; Schenoi conveyed into, 194 (p. 184); Monsieur gives banquet to States of, 204; Count Maurice goes to, 205; mentioned. 234; treason revealed against towns of, 236; mentioned, 802 (p. 295); States of, Bhowthemselves obstinate against Monsieur, 835 ; Monsieur said to be going into, 837 Q>. 338), 838; Norria gives orders in, for mares to be sent to England, 379; French gentleman said to have embarked at port of, to go to d'Aubigny, 603. Hollanders, said to be in fleet for Don Antonio, 3S3. Holland, reference to letters from, touching rescue of Portuguese caravel by Emanuel, 6 (p. 7). Holler,
INDEX.

587

Hooghe, Jan de, esehe-viii oi lower bench in Ghent, 284. Hooghatraet, ' Hoghsare,' Baron of, Bogers wishes Prince of Orange to write to, 366. Hopton, George, English merchant, delivered from Bouen, 188, 210. Houillin, J,, signs for States of Netherlands. . 242/ Housdon, Edward, English merchant in Venice, 295. Houtain, •— de, Governor of Walcaeren, 182. ' Houton,' ' Hoton,' derl of Customs in London, detains property of Bordeaux merchant, 291. Howard, Chaarles, Lord How*rd of Effingham, 367. Lord Charles, takes Count Hellebourg irom prison, 129. Howe, —, merchant of London, spoiled by Bacqneville, 150 (p. 151), Hoyasen, Jaret, in Williama' company, 263. Huddy, Captain, servant oi Earl of Leicester, does good service before Ghent, 302 (i>. 298). Hugoo, Glade, in Williams' company, 233. Huguenots, in great straits at Biochelle, 4 (p, 4); bad economy the ruin of, 9; too simple, 81 ; Dako of Lorraine puts great number of, out of his state, 33 (p. 30); John Poisle, former persecutor of, 4 1 ; help to defend Geneva, 62 (p. 62); Captain, admitted into Bruges, 69; Huguenot letter-bearer, formerly teacher of Oriental languages at Oxford, sent by Mauyissiere to Walsingham, 72: papists in Itoix use violence towards, 86; Sir Edward TJhton wishes his son to govern himself by adyioe of, 90; say that companies in Picardy act under advice oi M. de Ghiise, 91; Biron said to have deceived, 98; Duke of Lorraine banishes, from bis territories, 99; assembly of, at SsimWeaa-d'Angely, US (p. 111); mentioned, 1H(p. 114}; at Cologne, wish for exerojfle of their religion, 118 (p. 119); Duke of Savoy murders, in vale of St. Martin, 150 (p. 150); wonld ba glad if Condi should marry Prinoees of B&rn. 178; Snlcedo's father murdered ae, 203; in Erngegfear they will not be allowed to «se their 'conscience, 284; people of Cologne make edict against, 81© (p. 305); said to have stirred up practice against Guises, 441; said to have captured Marqois de Pescara, 457; Mayneville fears to be intercepted at sea by, 480 (p, 472); hope for la Hbue's release, 483; Breneh king ought to seek to remove all occasions of jealousy of his proceedings towards, 510; mentioned, 549. Hugnea (?), — de, secretary to Prjnoa of Orange,. 16S, Humes, the, might be stirred up to favour ,

588

GENEBAL

Hungary, people clad in costume of, take part in festivities at Constantinople, 178 (p- 174) ; deliberation on means for defenoe of, at Imperial Diet, 209 (p. 209}; .EmpororffliBpeets King of Poland of demanding certain 'holds' on frontiers of, 385; Emperor intends to attend to affairs of, 488. Hunt, —, 324. Huntingdon, E&rl of. See Hastings, Henry. Huntlfiy, HuniJay, Captain, in States' army, 221; returning to Bngltind, S87. Htintly, Earl of-. See Gordon, George. Hurault. Andre de, sieur de Maisse (Mes&nt), to tie Vrench ambassador in Veniea, 62 (p. 53); reference to information given by, to Signori, 897. Philippe, Oomte de Chiremy, keeper of the Seals of France, ISO {p. 151), 173, 309; present at examination of Salecdo. 396 (p. 892); to be in King's new. Council, 494 [p. 485). letterfrom, 108. , Jacques de, brother of above, sent to Queen Mother, 106. Hurttralt, —, captain in 'arnjy' foe Don Antonio, 95, 115(1). 115). Hussle, ActuOijiug v&s, esekevin of upper bench ill Ghent, 284, Hylton, Hylou, Oaptaia, detained by Don Antonio 60; ' Hilon,' 84 {p. 68).

Iceland, ship going from Hamburg to, attacked by English pirates, 851 ; Xglttndia, ntentioned fe former treaty between England and Denmark. 651. Iddio, laolad1'. See Dieu, Idiagues, Alonzo de, sou of following, in army for Torceras, 113. .......... Don Jua.ia.de, Spanish-long's secretary, promises to pay debt dne to Zubianr, 285. tisoj Beira from, 86j Doa Antonio's navy threatens to mustfleetfrom, US (p. 121); Don Antonio will 'prevail' himself offleetfrom, 1SS; Portuguese, governor ohoaea in, in nama of King Philip, 150 (p. 161); adventurers from. Rsmee intend to plunder Spaaisb. fleets Di, 213; Spitnishfleetfrom, Btvid CO bavo been ennfenred, S§9, S3? (p. 326); refttfenee to Spmish trade, in, 341; fleetftom,383; Oaptain Scalin captures Sjjimiah ships from, SIS. eastec, 'JSnghmymtev,' caatle between Brogee and Oowtrai, failure f J P d Bnd Soottisii eatepriae on, M

INDEX. Inquisition, the Bishop of Liege establishes in his oountry, 85 (p. 79), 99; to be ' loosed ' upoa those in TJOTT Countries who refuse oath to King of Spain, 96 ; extends aaaros to entrap English sabjeots, 162; IVeneh king proposes to introduoe a kind of, 510, 615; persons apprehended in Florence by, 518 (p. 509); no talk of, in France, 522, Ireland, Venero intends to remove property from gentleman of, 45 (j>, 40); Spaniards and Italians may be employed to injury of Elizabeth in, 88; King of Spain likely to favour rebels in, 128 (jp. 129); Duke of Lutzelst^in's son to go to, 144; Eiag of Spain said to ba arming for, 175; Knoliys lauds in,2S0; mentioned, 289; reference to war in, 395; Geoghagan refers to his insurrection ia, 308; lYanoisoan friar said to be going into, by stealth, 348 (p. 339), 397 (p. 395); Sorris would do good service in, 491 ; , Williams would rather be ia, than Low Countries, 512 ; new rebellion said to have tuksn plaoe ia, 538 (p. 526). Ireland, Biehard, mentioned in. letter from Venero to Afiastro, 46. Irish, footman of Earl of Leicester, 287 (p. 280); not to go to England, 288 (^).382); friezes, taxes on, in Sranoe, 841 (p. 332); IVaneiBoaiL friar to be suffragan to Bishop of Biyeux, 369; friars go to Ireland, 397 (p. 395); (Jeogtaagan promises to perform seryices against, 437, Bsinghem, village near Corttriolt, burnt by Malcontents, 111. Italian coniet. services of, offered to Monsieur, 18; companies reinforcing enemy, 56; pBople living in Geneva, 73 [p. 63); troops collected for Spain and Portugal, 81; coming to Low Countries, 100; companies departing towards 3?erceras, 112; guard for vioeroy of Naples, IIS (jp. I l l ) ; prisoners in England, 114 (p. 114); troops, 118 (p. 110); foot, said to be going to Tranche. Oomte and La BreEse, 132; BVanoiscan friar imprisoned in Paris, 136; troops in Low Countries, 187 (p, 134); suocours said to be near Ondenarde, 138; forces inarching to join Parma, 143 (JJ. 189); friar imprisoned for ruffling with. Parisian Francisciina, 150 (p. 151); troopa looked for ia Low Countries. 154; man Yiaifca Oobbara, 179; spy arrested ia States' Damp, 193,303; man sent by Patina to help Saloado, 204; foot passing towards Flanders, 209 (p. 209); cavalry passing through Savoy, 226; forces said to be coining to Bfergues, 336; ensigns arrive at Hamnr, 238; in Paris, ill-will towards, 248; troops expected by Parma, 252 j gentlemen wish, to recommend Don! to Walainghimi, 257, 266: troops arrive in enemy's camp, 263; troops of the Holy League, in Low Countries, 319; infctntry in. Tiovr Countries, statement

GENEBAL Italian cornet—cont. of pay of. 388 ; troops put into Lierre, 335; troops As Isfi Liguc Samcte at Louyain, 337 [p. S28j; troops for Spain ooine from Sicily to Genoa, 347; troops de La- Ligue Saincte go into GuelderLmd.,360; troops in Low Countries said to be returning to Italy, 406; banters to leave France, 441 (p. 434); apology against slanders of Hanses printed in, 453; troopa for Prince of Parma, 477; troops in Low Countries said to lie dying, 489; troops t.o be placed in Brussels and Vilvorde, 612 ; said to be going to govern at Tom-nay, 610; blows pass between Germans and, 527; troops taken at Eyndhoven, 529: company tortures prisoners at Dunkirk, 633 ; troops in ICyndhoven, 538. Italy, news from, 4 (p. 4) j Coloana to be general in Netherlands over King of Spain's forces from, 28 ; books sen!, to Dr Allen from, S3 (#, SO); priqoes of, combine against Geneva, S3 (p. 31) ; news from, 48 ; reference to knitt'ng and ' combyading' of princes in, 62 (p. 52); army said to be coming from to Flanders, 71 ; princes of, aiding Duke of Savoy against Geneva, 73 • {p. 66) ; news from, 74 (p, 68), 85 (p. 81 •; 86.. 87.88,100,106 ; not many Englishmen in, 1ST (}>. 134); banded against Netherlands, 143 (p, 139j; news from, 143 (p. 140); great force for enemy coming from, 146; Srenoh fail of former credit in, 162; news from, 179; supplies to oome to Low Countries from, 180 {p. ISO); troops coming from, to aid Parma, 183 (p. 185), 184, 209 (p. 209); soldiers of fortune coming from, to join. Monsieur, 230; French Mng will make known to princes of, how he has dealt for appeasing of Flanders oanses, 230; enemy's forces said to have arrived in Brabant, 235; Perrahosco under bond not to leave, 301 ; news from, 347; ladies at Branch Court receive letters from, 348 (p. 339} ; Hake of Ferrara's agent goes to, to obtain money for Monsieur, 369; Count Ottavio L&ndi employed by Prince of Parana in., 896 (p,. 893); Landi gives out that he is going into, 401 ; Italians from Low Countries said to be returning to, 406 ; Dttfceof Savoy wiil ba much strengthened in, through alliance with Duke of Florence, 419; princes of, Bishops of Glasgow and Boss send letters to, 424; news from, 445; preparation of farces to be sent to frontiers of, 407; Cardinal (Jranvelle to go to, 465; things peaceable m, 468; news from, 471; Pope allows King Philip to impose double tenths on certain oonimanderies in, 478; Cardinal Granyelle may be sent into, 494 (p. 486); Prince of Parma sends messenger to princes* Courts in, 404 (#. 485); Prince of Parma said to be going to, 516; forces said to be coming to Low Countries from, 685,

INDEX.

#89

Ivan IT, Vasjlieviteh, ' The Terrible,' Czar of Russia, Emperor of Moseovia, ' the Muscovite.1 King of Sweden does not wish to make peace with, 145; Said to be dead, 217 (p. 217); ambassador from. comes to England, 885, 520, "

Jackson, —, letter bearer, S3(JJ.3O), 156,188. —, servant of Swift, 430. Jacob), Eobert, lapidary, ssnt by King of Denmark to Elizabeth, 117. Jaoobz, CoraeliB, master o* Cygne, of Hiddelburg, 63. » Jamea VI, King of Scotland reference to his being heir to throae of England, 18 (p. 18); reference to letter sent through; Fremyn from, 31; Pake of Guise said to have sent horses to, 53 (j?, 46); Monteith refers to letter from, 71 ', rumour of 1L?S going into France, 77 (p71) ; special matter in liandlmg between Monsieur. Prince of Orange, and, 118 (p, 120); sends commissary to congratulate Monsieur, 120 (p. 127); ILing oi Spain likely to take part in favouring designs of. against England, 128 (p. 128); Earl'Bothwell fears to give offence to, by going to England, 136 ; Duke of Guise sends present to, 187; letters to Monsieur from,. 143 ($. 140); reference to present to, from Duke of Cruise, 160; said to hitva ' conformed himself with his mother's meaning,' 150 (p. 161); Duke of Guise gives advice to, 210; if Blizaboth uses more courtesy to Queen of Scots it irill keep her ia wery to do some good with, 218; said to have apprehended certain Scottish nobles, 260 ; said to have given orders to Soots ia Low Countries to withdraw, 273; rumour, that Jesuits think of abducting, from Scotland, 386; Sliz&befch makes offer to. of anything she may do for safety of his person, 298; grows strong in Low Countries, SOS (j>. 297); said to have been deprived of his liberty, 323; d'Aubigity thought to be tfying to cijnvey into Spain, 324; rumoiar of marriage between King of Denmark's daughter and. 334; orders d'Aubigny to leave Scotland, 326; EIissa.bet.li s&id to "wish to get, into her bands, S4S (p. 336); friends <S- ought to embrace amity of England, 357 (j». 354); King of Spain seeks to establish marriage between his daughter <xa&, 858; in d'Aubigay'a keeping, 368; Sir James BaSfour said to have teen restored to favour of, 370; Sooitish nobles said to be trying to send, into Spam, S77_(jp. 87o); s&id to be.mssiouateijeffected to d'Anbignjf, 897 (j). 3S5)j

590

GENERAL INDEX,

Joaohim, Master, Le Brumen lands money to, 96. John, former Sling of Denmark, reference to treaty between Henry VII and, 551. John III, King of Sweden, report of death of, 187; crews of. intercept ilngJisk ship: 233 ; may send help to IJow Countries, 434; offers help to Spain, 442; trouble may arise between If ing of Poland and 408; aaid to have oltanged his religion, 476. ...., letters from, 146, 201, 233. John Frederick I, elootor of Saxony, on his way to Diet, 99; wishes Cantons to recognise Dulse of Savoy's fcitlo to Geneva, 160 (p. 150); arrives at Augsburg, 176, 179; reference to Order bestowed on King of Denmark in presence ol, 317 (i>. 210); soldiers • raised for King of Spaia in provinoe belonging to, 260; does not consider war In low Countries a matter for aafcion in' Empire, 323; alienated by representatives of Aaohen at Augsburg, 333 (p. 333). Join Georgfe, elector ot Brandenburg, arrives at Augsburg, 179; son of, holds arehbishopric of Magdeburg, 333 (p. 333;. Johnson, Nicholas, in Williams' company, 263. Johnston, Qolonsl, Soots regiment under, to be rednced, 18 (p. 17;. Joliffe, Henry, merchant, note of spoils taken 441. from, by French pirates, 643. JoqaeS, Ferdinand Garcia, Portuguese merJonga, Francis de, 'Dr Janius,'-sent with chant, signs bond to Captain Ketrne, letter to States, 10 ; sent to Antwerp, 462, 238. ,, Gaptain.killed in tattle off the .Azores, JoiHa, Baaifc, tilled in battle off the Azores, 213. 213. Yearns, Hark, mariner, note of spoils token Jorqueti [gy. Porqnet], Pierre, oaptain of from, by French pirates, 543. Fraiieh infancy, tilled in battle off the < ,., Thomas, merahant, note of spoils Azores, 213. taken team, by French pirates. 548. Join-dan, Isle, King of Uavarre offers to soil, Jehsn, son of Duke of Cleves, administrator to French King. 179. of Munster, 438. Joyense, Duke of. See Arqnes. 'Jenisao,' ffi., a Provencal, brings netrs of , Daehess of, See Lorraine, Margaret EVenob. forces to Antwerp, 818. of. Jenkinson, Anthony, reference to commission Jubin, Pierre, killed in fcattlB off the Azores, of, to JSmhdea in 1577, 551, 213. Jesuits, 4 (jfi. S); inareiwiing in Germany, 12; Jitdea,, Pigafetta writes books of hia travels in, jRreneh img promises to have am eye 389. upon English, S3 (p. 28); Dukes of Jogge, Bieliard, in Williams' company, 263. Cfnise and J&tine promise to build ftollegea for, 33 (p. 30); in Paris, Julius, Duke of Brunswiok, expected in Kanherlands for King of Spain's service, ©owcr applies to, for mtiney, 149; 28. JOuke of Gtdsa erects house for, afc En, 160 (p, 351); hope So swarm over into 3 imius. See Jongh, Franeis de. England, 162; Scotah,tfaitsonDuJceof lonos, 210; play thBirparfc in Danma*k, 2X7 (p, 317);'accompany French king to AeWBTgiie, $4S; ' JeaaueByts,' oollege of, nt 'Jerdeiaa, made Into lioHpitai, 395; Fresoh king sendss twrsgr fcom him., 467; toms to SouUwmptDnfroni a^HteKis, 461; I&gKsh, ttfc Rome, inform Eiitoljeth of pacttoes ol ; inl'ope'anew Cfotmoil, ^fh

JameB VI, King of Scotland—emit, Elizabeth ever eareful of safety of, 402, 421 O- 412); la. Hothe-Fenelon sent to segotiato new league with, 423 (p. 414}; report of feis having been marie priaonei- by nobility, 424; nnnoio offers money for release of, from nobles, 441 (p. -134); satisfied with FAizabettia attitude towards him, 449; given contentment to the lords who possoss him, 456; la Mothe to inform Breach, ting of present estate of 4j57; eloseiy guarded, 473 (p. 461); served "by persons holding the right aide, 470; Elizabeth employs herseif for preservation of person and dignity of, 480 (p. 472); German troops thought to be levied in France for, 486; offers pardon to Lord Hamilton, 488; mentioned, 494 (p. 485); suaceusor to English Crown, 520 ; supposed practice of Pope and King of Spain for better estate 5f, 638 ; French ting wishes to join with. Elizabeth in doing good offloes to, 541; may marry King of Spain's daughter, 645, Janberder, —, killed in battle off the Azores, 213. s spahi at Constantinople killed by, 178 (p. 177). J-innis, Captain 1B, follower of Duke of Guise, thought to bo plotting against king,

GENEEAL

K

•

Kans da 'Jornp, Nicolas, Chancellor o£ Denmark, 264, 552. ......... , letters from, 261,262. Ears in Persia, model of fortress of. assaulted byTnrks, 178 (p. 17G). Ked, Here van, Ooaacillor of Doke of Oleyoa, and Governor of RaYensburg, 486. Kendall, cotton, tax 09, in Franoe, 341 (p. 332). Kenne, Ohrae, Kera, Captain Thomas, of Bristol, bond of Portuguese to, 452; depositions againat, 469; protestations against "Portuguese brought into England by, 481. Kennedy, John, Earl of CassilLie, might be stirred up to favour d'Aubigny's party, 472 (p. 461 j . ........... Sir Thomas of Colzean, tutor of aftoye, might bo stirred up to favour. d'Aubigny'n party, 472 (jp. 461), Keppel. castle of, in CS-uelderland, won from enemy, 404, 416 (p. 408); general of, said to have died of plague, 423; held by Monsieur, 438 (2); lord of, prisoner with Count William, 473. Ker, Janet, sister of Sir Walter Scott of Buooleugh, lady Fernhurst. Fanhurst, brother of, comes to Puria from Scotland, 465; reference to letter Stoxn, 472 (p. 461). ,,,„...., Thomas, Laird of Fernyhurat, !3?onhnrst,' receives pension from King of Spain,' 343 (p. 335). KerpBD, oastle of, on the Bhine, statement of pay of garrison of, 338; held, for King of Spain, 433 (2).' See Carpen. Kerae or Oars. - See Menteitfa. Eertort, —, married to (Jobbam's niece, takes letter to Walsmgham, 87, 101. Kethalle, 3?ran^ois de. Sieur do Byhove, 'Bioya/ governor of Ghent, 142; in command of cornet of horse. 180; sent to reneiva Dnke of Montpensier at Bruges, 487. Estler, Herr, Kamntermeister and Gotiaeillor ofJuKers, 438. Zieafelfc, Joris, Seeretftry of Antwerp, fi48, Killigrew (probably Thomas';, son of Sir John Killigrew, elum before €hent, 802 (p. 296), SOS. Kirckhout, Andreas, one of Hogers1 captors, executed, 416(^407). Enollys, Sir EVanoia, Treasurer of the House* hold, 280. ....,...„, Francis, brother of.following, x&fe$enaa id inform&tioa given to Wakinghata by, oOEOBrning action with French, 280.

INDEX.

591

; Khollys—eont, i 'Knowels' Henry, aou of the above, takas VHermme of Brest, 47, 32 ; SrenehmeB try to obtain . ships from, S9, 166; mediates between KoiTis and North, 119; causes disagreement between Morgan andNorris, 190; I'efereuee to good offices of, to English nation, 237 <J>- 241); continues good offices to Kbrria, 283; Viiliers speaks well of, 300; ooraes to Antwerp, 877 (375); Horris ehooees, to deoide oootroTerBy between himself and John Cobham, 390; 'Knowls,1 ill, 477,502; hia death, 523. , , letters and dispatches from, 280, 894. Kotvritz, Colonel Caspar, in command of German soldiers raised in Heisaisn for king of SpaJn, 260. Kremer, Heinrioh, mei-ehant of Hamburg, 1 signa petition against Sackford, 351. : : Ifriehart, —, mchevin of Lierre, 287. i Kronenborg, letter dated at, 245. j Kyel, Balthazar, of Seshwyz, ambassador to I Paris, 619.

La Bare, —r, captain in l?renoh ileet for Don Antonio, 115. La Bajre, Jfrench captain in States' arjny, tiies to surprise Lierre, 439. Laoroy, JJrl. de, oaptain of compagniet d'Ordanmatictt of Prineeof !Bpinoy, 180. Iiadru. See Lodron. Laet, Jan de, Colonel of Antwerp, 54S. La, Eere, in Pioardy, given to Queen of Kavarre as jointure, 62 (p. B3); Prince Danphin's troops mean to make their rendezvous at, SSJ. Lagos, Don Antonio proposes landing hia army at, 383Iiagrirue, aBai St. MJchael's, J?reneh anny lodges at, 353 {p. 346). Lalaing, Enianuel Philibert de, Beigneur de Moiittgny, aiaoord between Parma and, 53 (p. 46); sent to Oudenarde with snwiaons to surrender, 81; wishes to be governor of HainauTt, 96; made governor of Elaoders, 135', ial«» report of his capture, 217; fBaIksdne' passes himgelf off as, 217, 319; lieutenant colonel of, captured, 2S4 (237), 238; fcriijfle of Patfnia offers generalship of new Spanish forces to, SOi ; statement of pay of Walloon infantry under, 328, puts soldiers into Lille, 858, ill, 440; mentioned, 445 j report of his death, 478, „...,...* PhUlppn- Christiana de, wife of Priaee of Epinoy, very ill, 18, „„.,..„ Philippe d», Count of I^lalng, at Yalene&nnes, 58 ip. 45); report of Ma death,81,S5 (jp,80^,86; peagie of Mons reft)B9 to ring Jsellto tax toth of, 110.

592

GENEEAL

Lalaing, 'L» Laynne/ onstle of, near Donay, taken by men o£ Bouchain and Cainbray, 63 (p. 45); people of. persuade Douay to submit to Monsieur, 118 (p. 131). Lamaroi, Ommt de, Monsieur mnkaB secret contract with, 86 (p. 79). Lambertes, —, citizen of Geneva, rots house near Paris, 478. Landa. M. de, in oommand of cornet of horse at Ghent, 180. Landeroau, M. cle, in oomnurad of troops for Don Antonio, 95 ; 'M, landrew,' oomes to Tercera in command of small fleet, 105; news of approach of French fleet sent to, 353 (p. 345); 'Tjandarus,' 363; returns from Teroeras, 457. landi, Count Claudio, discovery of praotios intended by, gainst Daie of Parma, 86; reference to exeontion of, 396 (p. 394). , Count Gttavio, comes to Paris secretly from Prince of Parma's camp, 396 (p. 393), 401; visits Cobhani, 424 (p. 417); Duke of J'errara recommends, to Duke of Guise, 442; mentioned, 482. i, Pier, visits Pope's nuncio on behalf of Italiaa prisoners from Smerwiek, 114 (jj>. 114); returning to Bonen, S23; PftUsvioiao sends letter to Walsingham by, 224; reference to his rapoi't of battle of Azores, 2(36; referenoe to lettar sent by, 276; goes to England, 471; mentioned, 472 I, p. 460). letter from, 264. LandraBies, etatement of pay of garrigon of, 328. lange, Peter, merrjhnnt of Hamburg, signs petition against SaeMord, 851. •'laagrons,' M,, sent to commissioners in Switzerland, 160 (p. 150j. LangnSdoe, disturbance in, between Papists andHuguenota, 113 (p. i l l ) ; trouble expected in, 114 (p. 114); diffljult to remove Koatmorency from government of, 209; BVeneh king supposed to be going to, 248; cannons to be ?nade for, (p. 338); Cond^ Moatraorenov aad ofcUerB confer in, $4$ (p. 389); King grants tax on a»U in, to Conde, SiS (p. 340;; many men in, trained for war and unable to do isnj other work, 372; Joyeuae goes to, 396 (p. 394). 424 (p. 417); broth** of Count Vimioso comes into, 467; Matignon to levy money from people in, 482. Langoot, Hubert, reference to his opinion on help given by England to Portugal, 300; reference to tnamorandn. left by. Ijannoy, Hattheua do, eielimAn ot Antwerp,

INDEX.

D, St. de. See Saint Gelais. I&nsac, Eene de. See Boquetaillade. Lapuele, —, killed in battle off the Azores, 218. Laredo in Biscay, Strozzi said to have taken, 29. La Soala, du Tray's commia, wounded before Ghent, S03 (p. 298), Latin, grammar, Maaino del Bene knows too mnoh, 275 ; inscription, written on gate in Ghent, 279 ; apology againat slander of Hajises printed in. 453; copy of Saleedo's judgement writtsn in, 465; inscription affixed to gate nt Antwerp in honour of Daks of Anjou, 518. Lauenburg, Lowenburg, Duke of. See , Franoia IT. I/autero, letter dated at, 476. Laval. See Ooligny; Guy de. La Valade, Captain in ' army' for Don Antonio. 95, 115. Lavalette, M. de. See Nagaret, Bernard de. Lavergne, —, TAvernie,' offioer o! Monsieur, nseg Norria with great courtesy, 438. Laveros, Thomas de, killed in battle off the Azores, 21S. Iiaverye,—, oaptain of horse in Briesland, alain,3Q6. , Je;m de, Sieur de Paygiillard, seat to Monsieur as counsellor, 209 (p. 308)! gathers horse for Monsieur in Pioardy, 331; at Cambray, 338 ; to hive espeoial charge in army for Flanders, 343 (p. 334); near Pierrepont, 848 (p. 388); consigns his ooinpaniea to Biron, 423 (p. 415); ioins Biros, 441 (p. 433.) Leefdaol, Eogier vun, eschevin of Antwerp, 548. Legendre, Thomas, merohant of Eouen, writes to la Mothe-Fenelon, 129, Iieghorn, Commander of, Duke of Florence visits, 494 (p. 486). Leicester, Earl of. See Dudley, Robert. Lsitatn, Leitao Oustodio, appointed by Don Antonio to go to England and Flanders, 114 (jp. 113j; Cohbam sends lettei-to Walsinghani by, 136; to reside in Paris for Don Antonio's affairs, 280 ; comes to Paris from Flanders, 287 (p. 280) ; mentioned, 288 (p. S82), 498. , , letters from, 163, 171. Lema9on, E., letter fi-om, 51. Lemos, Christopher de, Portngnsse merohant, signs bond to Captain Kenne, 452 ; account of his capture by Kenne, 469. .-.-> Georgo de, Portuguese merchant, signs bond to Captain Eenne, 452. •", Jacob def Portugaese merehaat, signs j»nd to Captain, Kenne, 462. , M., Cipbin of 'tiif Bull of Dieppe, Lennos, Duke of. See Stnart, Esmfi. note of. spoils taken ~bft from English Duchess of.1 See EntragneB, Catherine merchants, 5#t. feBaleaod

INDEX.

59S

Lens, Giles de, Baron d' Aubigny, statement Liberoour, ' Ribbeoousie,' troops from Artois of- jay of companies under, '328; inarch to, 118 (p. 118). ' Uobignie', said to be refusing to serve Lioques, Gabriel de, statement Df pay of comany longer, 349. panies under, 338. Lens in Artois, 118 (p. 118). , M. de. See Recourt, Leon, Pedro Ponce de, nephew to Marquis of Lieecis, Saubat de [Sanvat], killed in battle off Saata, Oraz, in army for Teroeraa, 112; the Azores, 213. 'Ronoe' de Leon, takes report of Liege, Swiss, German and 3?rencli troops to battle between Preach and Spaniards pass through country of, 28; Jchnu to King Philip, 215. Gteiwer at, 66; people of, make comLeoninns, Elbertus, 'Longolias,' DoeSor, plaints against Monsieur, 310 (p. 305); Gilpin confers with, 12. Prinoe of Parma may go towards, 500; ' Iiewke," enemy thought to have gone Leprobor, Pierre, killed in battle off the towards, 527. Azores, 21S. , Bishop of, 85 (p. 79); proclaims L'Escluse, between Douay and Bouehain, inquisition, 99; doctors brings letters French horsemen at, 118 (p. 118); from, to Monsieur, 126 (p. 126); rides . Prince of Parma, marching to besiege, in post to Germany, 148 {p. 139); said 375; reference to loss of, 439, 440. to wish to be Bishop of Cologne, 499, Lesieur, Efcienne (afterwards Sir Stephen), 500, 537working to obtain Rogers' release, 194; Lottgsfcon sends money to Hoddesdon. by, Ioerre, papist religion said to be introduced in, 118 (JJ. I l l ) ; ' Lyre,' reported loss of, 197; more money required for, 218; 216; betrayed by Soots to enemy. 230, 'Stevens,' reference to his report of1 321; taken by Hahltepenne. 222 ; English mntineBi-s, 259; 'Lisiture, ' Lire,' loss of, 227, 231; townsmen of, 316; takes letter to Duke of Clevesirom sworn to be true subjects of King of Elizabeth.. S26; 'Stephanus/ 333 (j», Spain, 234 (p. 237); 'Leyr,' loss of, 324); ; i l r Stephen' send* request to 237, 238; church of, to be reconsecrated, Walsingh&m touching charges of Mr 260; 'Leero,'' Monsieur's troops Rogers' ' diet,' 358; desires longston thought to be going to relieve, 2td; to furnish him with money, 388; many people leave Antwerp on account negotiations of. conaerniikg Rogers, 416; of loss of, 283; Prince of Parma sands Longston unable to furnish with money, troops to, 302 (p. 299); reference to 427; reference to return of, 487. treachery of garrison at, 8Q3; 'Leer,' , letters from, 124, 159, 177, enemy strong at, 320; Italians put "into, 199, 252; 253, 297, 315. 385; enemy strong at, 336; garrison of, . Leslie, Andrew, Earl of Eothes, might be attacks castle near, 857(328); Bishops stirred up in favour of d'Aubigny's of Glasgow and Boss said to have party, 472 {}>. 461). practised betraying of, 348 {p. 339); John, Bishop of Ross, seeretsiry to reference to Joss of, 861; loss of, Mary, Queen of Scots, reference to his thought to have been contrived by Duke book, 18 (jp. 18); goes to Avignon, of Lennox, 377 (p- 575); few foreign 87; said tohave practised the betraying goods brought to Antwerp since loss of, of Lierre, 348 ( j*. 339;; reoeives letters 388; French take castles standing oa river of, 390; Lire, Itench try to from Cardinal of Oomo, 369; sends surprise, 439 ; Saint-Luc said to have letters to Pope, 424; suffragan to been defeated between Antwerp and, Cardinal of Bourbon, 465. 465; Prince ol Parma hangs Spanish Lester \_qy. Cjeorge], to repair into Holland, captain at, 487,491,601,502. 165; Leeester, takes obligations of burgomasters of Antwerp into his .governor of. S^eHetfelt. hands, 180 (j?. 180). Lieyin, Charles de, Seigneur <3e Pttmars, Leure, [qy. Lievre], —, captain in Breach Governor of Mechlin, said to have £eet for Bon Antonio, 115. surprised Aerschot, 109, HO; fails to Levant, the, English merchants tracHiag in, surprise Aerschot, 119. 368, 421; news from, .433 (p. 415); Lievre, Oaptaia, objects toreceiving Strozaiinto French king writes on behalf of English his ship before battle og Azores, 353 . merchants in, 441; news from, 445. . (f.340). Le Yett&nr, T&nneguy, Seigneur de Carrouges, Ligni IS-, de, chief counsellor vf Bmaattel Oonnt of TiDieres, writes to Mauvissiere Philiberfc of Savoy, S31concerning Erensh ship captured by Ohasles de, Oount of Arentbcrg, in English pirates, 290. ohsu-ge of Spanish troops in Netherlands, Iievesqne de la Oassiere, Joan, late Grand 28; incites Slates of Empire to take Master of Ulalta, la OaaEfcre employed nparms lor King of Spain, Sl0(p. 306); by Srenchiingabout affairs of,423 (p. comes to Augsburg feom Frinoe of Farmaj 823; suitor and etaghter of 41$); announces & meeting afc Malta of Dnteof Oleyea, 438; Bishop of Cologne Knights of his Order, 46S. marries sister of, 477 Ofe? a ,«iiate»ka Lewall, tfohftj in WiUiaMs' eompauy, 2eS f Mfldt] s, Biobard, in Williams* company, 263. 16077

2?

694

GENEBAL

Jjikerke. castle, near Alost, enemy before, 478, 475, 489. 491, 493; reference to capture of ,499, 501, 504. Lille, news of Lalaing's death brought from, i 81, 96; people of, swear to be true to i King of Spain, 98; Parma sends for munitions to, 110; mentioned, 118 {p. 118); news from, 304; Prince of Parma holda council of war at, 323; enemy mates fort near, 330; Spanish soldiers bafoi-e, 337 (#. 328); news from, 349; 1 Montiguy puts soldiers into, 358; Prince of Parma's forces go from, towards Cambray. 364; ue?re from, 375; Prince of Parma departs from, 391; enemy gathers camp near, 440; enemy removes from, 464; news from, 463; enemy make great vaunt of taking of, 476; encounter between Prince of Epinoy's horsemen and Malcontents near, 475-; news from, 527, 531, Limburg, enemy defeated at, 157, 180 (j». ISO). Iiimesee, •—, killed in battle off the Azores, 213. Iiindsay, Patrick, Ear] of, Lord Lindsay of Byres, Duke of Guise advises King of Scots to imprison, 210; said to have been apprehended by King of Scots, 250. Ifinit, on the Danube, inventor of artillery at, 35. Lisbon, Yenero gives Nunez security that there would be no stay at, 45; account of wheat shipped for, 4fi; news from, 74 (p, 68), 86, 100; relation of army departing from, towards Terceras, . 112, 148; Pedro Ponce de Leon arrives at, with news of battle between IVench and Spaniards, 213; news from, 325; 'Linsobona,' 226; reference to letters from, 300; Stench fleet aaiiing to Azores captures caravel going to, 353; news of battle of Azores sent from, 365 (p. 363); . Giraldes hopse to receive money from, 407; Kenne robs Portuguese vessel bound for Brazil from, 469; King of Spain returns to, 480 (JP. 471); mariners from Genoa to be sent to, 494 ( j . 485); nephew of Botelho oomes from, 498;. news from, 518 ($. 609), French king's agent in. See Longjee, IMeux, companies assembled at, 91. Livonia, Lief eland, reference to 'pulling snrajr* of, by strange potentates, 198' affairs of, to be dismissed af; Imperial Diet, 333 (p. 323). Lobetius, Johannes, of Strasbttrg, 71. •„.....„, letters from, 310, 46S. •LoeUeleveV Lori! of, said to have beea apprehended by King of Soots, 250. Iioohera, near Zutphen, Baron of Anholfc besieging, 194 (^,195); victualled by Envl of Holloek, 234 {§. 238), 337 (p. 341); M. d'Anholt ana Yerdugo at siege of, 297,306 f ' Loekham,' Harris to relieve, 311; Spanish camp bafore, 315 (p. 308); Italian troops Doming to, 319; Harris going to relieve, 320, 825;

INDEX. Gascons sent to relieve, 336; Norris goes to relieve, 337 (p. 327); enemy send fresh troops to besiege, 388; news from, expected at Antwerp, 347; forces about, 350; Monsieur's forces relieve, 358, 359; Couat HoSienloho said to have raised siege of, S61; reference to relief of, 362, 363; Baron of Anholt slain at taking of, 377; Norris cornea to Antwerp from, 392; reference to relief of, 394; Lesiettr oomes to Biwon of Anholfc at, 416; reference to death of Baron of Anholt at, 438; held by Iffonsiear, 438 (2); reference to death of Baro» of Anbolt at, 45S j English, troops return to Antwerp from, 460; reference to relief of, 473. 'Iioohingam,1 —, Sieur de Pamele, persuades burgesses o£ Oudenarde to yield to enemy, 151 (p. 153), Lockwwd, Bobert, in Williams' oompany, 263. Lodron, Count Jerome, colonel of Germans in army for Terceras, 113. Loker [ay. Lokerem] regiment of, at Dunkirk, 175. Lombardy, horsemen from, coming to Low Countries, 85 (p. SI). 88. Londey, William, mariner, note of spoils taken from, by IVenoK pirates, 543. London, Spanish slaves readied and brought to, 0; Merchant Adventurers' trade with, 22; Geneva compared with, 73 (p. 64); mentioned, 90; merchants of, spoilt by Bacqueville, 150 {p. 151); Gerard Byrboum solioits payinont'of bonds promised by Mayor and Aldermen of, 186 j Longston sends money to Hoddegdon in, 197; PalWeieino fears Scott will molest citizens of, 224; postmaster to merchants exchange at, t&AA to have molested -postmen in Low Countries, 242; Doni wishes to visit, 257, 266; news from, 302; mentioned; 333 ; Italian gentlemen wish to visit, 339 ; English merchants at Bouen write to their chief ia, 341; meatioiied 360; reference to Dutch, merchants in, 361; Dutch merchants consign their goods to other ports than, 388; la Mothe Fenelon to ofeTey money to Scotland from, 424; mBntion&d, 430, 452; Dutch Adventurers trading with, 462; reference to Zoleher's journey to, 468 ; merchants of Leghorn not to bring any mernha-iiaiKe- from, during time of infeetion, 494 (p. 435); reference to Scottish news seat from, 494 (j). 48(5). letters and dispatches dated at, 2, 7.13, 21, 38. 45, 46, 51, S8, 64, 72, 78, 83, 94, 97, 153, 166. 168, 171, 174,218,285, 289, 291, 292, 336, 373, 380,382, 384,395, 403, i l l , 430, 451, 461,464, 621. Longlee, 'Lpngley,' —- de {g^. Jeaa de la Mofchft-Baaaee), Breach king's ttgenfc (afterwards ambassador) in Spain, reference tft letters from, 230,

GENERAL Longolius. See Leoninus. Jjongaton, Thomas, 27 ; Gilpin confers with, concerning debt to Elizabeth, 44; reference to letters from, 165 ; Lesieur receives money from, 177; reference to letters for, 626. ..,.,...., , letters from, 16, 67, 80,98, 123, 158, 197,216, 241, 861, 388, 437, 453. longaeville, Duke of, Bee Orleans. Loo, Jan van, eschevin of upper bench, in Ghent, 284. Jjoo, referenoe to States' camp at, 364. Loretto, Oiir lady of, French Hag thought to he om pilgrimage to, 248. IJOTges, Jacques de, Count of Montgomery, (joining to Low Countries, 180 (p. 180), 181 (p. 182); said to b& coming into Flanders, 306. Lorraine, Anne of, youngest daughter of Count of Vaudemont, Epernon does not wish, to marry, 518. ,.., Catherine, sister to Duke of Auinale, widow of Nicolas Count of Vaudemont (Duke of Merooeuir, 1576),Epernon seeks to marry, 518. , Catharine Marie of, Duchess of Montpensier, quarrel between Duke and, on account of his not giving up his government, 249; mentioned, 352. Charles HI, Duke of, puts Hugnenots out of his State, 83 O 30).. 99 ; passage through ooantry of, demanded for Spaniards and Italians, US (p. 119); recommends Saloedo to Monsieur, 181 {p. 182), 185; Salcedo favoured by, 231; suggestion of marriage between Duie of Savoy and daughter of, 343 (p. 3S5); made a means to restore Mon" sienr to French king's favour, 370; wishes Salcedo's examinations to he made publicly, 396 (p. 392); will probably visit French king at Notre Dame de 1'Espine, 465; looked for at Paris, 518. , Cnarles of, Duke of Jdayenne, w Maine, intends to go to Italy, 4 {p. £); promises to build ooltege of Jesuits at Maine, 33 tg.SO); rumour of 'heartburning ' between Epamon and. 74 ( p. 68); said to be enemy of Geneva. 76 ; mentioned, 114, 162, 396 (p. 393); present at Saicedo's execution, 428 (p. 414); French, king onuses Saleedo's examinations to be read before, 441 {p. 433) ; to be created Knight of Order of Saint Esprit, 618 (p. 509). , Charles of, Duke of Aism&le, Epernoa wishes to marry Bister of, 518. , Charles of, l|to Cardinal of, referenoe to murder of Salcedo's father at insti^ttion of, 181 (p. 182).

INDEX.

595

Lorraine—emit. . , Christine of, daughter to Duke of, proposed marriage of, with Duko of Savoy, 343 (p. 336); with Prince of Mantua, 348 (p. 338); Elizabeth said to wish that Monsieur might marry, 472 (p.462); ill,518(p.509); renewal of Duke of Savoy's suit to, 52Q. , Henry of. Diike of Guise, promises to biuld college of 3ijsiiitsat En,3S{p. SO); said to have sent horses to King of Scotland, 53 (p. 46); wishes to confer with ' honorable person' from England or Scotland at Eu, 61; sends dispatches to Scotland, 74 (p. 68); order given to captains by, to levy companies, 75; sending anus t8 Scotland. 85 (p. 82); Huguenots hold that ootnpauies in Pioardy acfc nnder orders of, 91; mentioned, 114; sends presents to JOng of Soots, 1ST; in Normandy, 14S {p. 141); sends horses to Ejng of Soots, 150; erects house for Jesuits at Eu, 150 (p. 161); goes to Font&inebleau, IBS; mentioned, 162; Salcedo's father marries one of house of Vaudemont, against wishes of, 203; gives advice to King of Soots, 210; French queens at christening of son of, 287,288 (#..282] { reference to copy of letter directed to, 287 {p. 280); mentioned, S28; proposed dealings of, with Scottish eonimissioners, S70; dines with king, 396 (p 392); Marohaumont too much affected to, 401; present at Salcedo's ecraoution, 423 (p. 414); kisgmaltesonen show of familiarity tu, 434; soldiers of, spsak against king and Monsieur, 441; French Icing causes Saleedo's examinations to be read before 441 (p. 433); Duke of Ferrara recom• mends Octavio Jjandi to, 442; reference to gentleman sent into Scotland by, 465,472 {p. 461); sends promise of help to Madame la. None, 484; Marchaumont writes to, of matters of Scotland, 485; feasts Swiss ambassadors, 494 {p. 484); to be .in King's new Council, 494 (JJ. 485); said to have sent letters to d'Aubigay, 508. , Louis of, brofcherof above, Be&Guise. Cardinal of. ,.., , Louis of, son of Dtike of Guise3 his christening, 287,288 (p. 282). , Lonise of, daughter to Niotmias of, Count of Taudemont. wife of Henry HI,. 4- (p. 3): at Fontainebleau, 62 (p. 52), 74 (p. 67), 86; wentloned, 113; kinsmen, of, concerned inSaleedo's plot, 203; goestobathsof3E!oilrbonnois, 209, 248; French king joins a6 Bourbonnoia, 288 (p, 281); at BourbonLanoy, 333; ill, 340,. 348 ($. 340); comes to Paris, S96; present at Saleedo's execution, 433(^.414); meatioiied,465; SOBS in solemn procession to Sotro Dame, 507. .,..v...., Margaret of, daughter to Count of Vaudemont, Ducheas of Joyeuse, hss measles, 518 (p. 609),

596

GEHEBAL

Lorraine—eont. ., Philip Emmanuel of. Duke of Mereaor, son of the last, has news of Burgnndian troops marching for King of Spain's serviae, 86; government of Britanny assigned to, 188, 209; goes to Lorraine, 3t3 (j>. 834); thought to be going to Tereeras in command of Queen Mother's new fleet, 423 (p. 413); to govern Britanny, 441 (p. 4S4). , Ben6 of, Marquis of Elboeuf, to many daughter of Count o£ Charni, 896 (p. 392j, IJorraine, treasurer of, Saloedo said to have left memorials at house of, 249. Lorraine, Lord Hamilt'Sn takes baths of, 24; Spaniards passing through, 71 • Duke of ilereosur has news from, 86, refer* enoe to murder of Salcedo's father by late Cardinal of, for piece of land in, 181 ( p, 1821; Monsieur's Swiss troops eotno to frontier of, 288 ( p. 282); Duke . of Mareceur goes to, 343 (y. 884). 'Loughevarre/lJord of, might be stirred up to -favour d'Aubigny's party, 413 (2>, 461). Lonreman, Boetor. Councillor of Duke of Cleves,438.' Louvnin in Brabant, Jehan Grower lives among Catholios at, 66; 'Loveine,' Woolon maintained at university in, 89; Haultepenne parleys with SempUl at, 231', 'Loven.' enemy strong at, 330; 'lovaiue/ 336; Italians in, 337 (p. 328); Saisseval undertakes enter* prise against, 428; mentioned, 4S1; reference to enterprise against, 439, 445. LouV*e, the, king builds chapel andeell at, for Cordeliers, 369; Freneh king and Queen at, 39G ; followers of Guise said to have conveyed weapons into, 441 ; Grey speaks -with. Cardinal of Bourbon 'in, 494 (_p. 485). Xiowestoft, Leysstook, 148 (#. lfl). Lowlea, Biehard, in Williams' pompany, 363. Iksyseleur, Pierre, called de Tilliers. minister, adviser to Prinee of Orange,' 16, 18'; Herle desires Walsmgham to write to,' on his behalf, 85 (p. 80); reference to letter from, 101; said to hare fashioned declarations for Don Antonio, 118 <2>>121); mentioned, 139; reference to tetters frota. Walghsghatn. to, 182 • aecpmpaniea CJ6nn6 JMaufice to Holland, 205 j referenoe to letter from, 285referred to as 75, 243;. reference to letfier from, 2S8; reference to paeket for, 83S.. . ' .......... letters from, 99,300,680,581 Lobeofe, King of Denmark writes about two oitizlns of, plundered by Englishmen 108, 283; beer, ship freighted with exacted by English pirates, 361; ! Hanse-stedes of, soatteif libels against MeneJiaat Adventurers, 453.

INDEX. Luean, Pharsatia, I, 127, 12S, quoted, 'in referenoe to Don Antonio's claim to kingdom of Portugal, 193. Luoea, bankers of, in Paris, money to bu sent to Prineeof Parma through, filSfjj, 509), Lucerne, Catholic cantons hold Diet at, 102. Luis, Infante of Portugal, father of Bon Antonio, 114 (p. 113). Lumijdt, Willem de, eseheein of upper bench in Ghent, 284. Lun, Jacobo de, killed in battle of the Azores, 213. Lnneberg, beer, ship freighted with, attacked by English pirates, 35C. • Lapi, WTatheo, killed in battle of the Azores, 213. Lore (or Jure), Marie de, wife of la None, h Brumen refers to letter from, €88; Dnke of Guise promises help to, 484, , letters from;—342, 448. Lasignan, 31. de, sent from King of Navarre to French king, 442, 482. Liissv, Melohior, from FnterwaHen, Swiss ambassador to Paris, 519. Lutheran. oa.nons. not to be chosenforcathedral ehhrohes ia Empire, 209 (p. 209). Ltit!;elBfcein,-Dake of. See George Hans. • Luxembourg, Marie de, Duchess of Mflrcceur 433(^.414). Luxembourg, Swiss and reiters to IKWS through, 18 {p. 18); mentioned, 78 (p. 69); forces from Itsily in, 184; troops for Parma pass through, 206; Spanish troops ia, 226; statement of pay of companies under, 338; new Spanish ' troops come to, 349. Lyme, merchants of, Danett deals on behalf of, 438, 453, 460. Lyons, news from, 33 (p. 80)j Pallayicino desiree bis brother to come to, 48; JVtandelot sfnds money to, instead of to Swiss, 122; owny Englishmen ia, 137; news from, 225, 226; birthplace of , Saloedo, 231 j de P<§na refers to money lent by him to Dale at, 256; Breach ting goes to, 283, 287, 288 (p, 2S1); thread, aew edict proclaimed upon, 341; money passing to Paris by way of, 343 (p, 334); King of Spain, obtains ; money from, for war in Flanders, 347; mentioned, 352; banker of, 378; courier from Bishops of CHasgow and Ross at, 424; nuncio offers Bishop of Glasgow money from Florentine merchfints at, 441 (p. 434); mentioned, 458: Lavalette may receive government of, 473 (.p, 4QQ); jnoney to be sent to Prince of Parma, from, 518 (p. 509)5 Pallavioino has cloth of gold from, 562. .letter dated air, 167. Lyonnois, cannon to be made for, 348 {pt 338 J

GENEEAL

M Haas, Meuse, 'Moae,' river, Swiss, German and French troops to pass, 28; Malcontents' boats plundered on, 110; mentioned, 227 (p. 229,); Count OharlesMaDsfeldt unable to cross, 315 (p. 309); Morris attempts to recover castles onj 376; note of towns held for King of Spain and Monsieur on, 438(2). 'Maocartamore,' MacCarthy Mor, Donal, Earl of Cianear, joins Earl of Desmond, 487. Madeira, Iales. of 'Maderes,' aaict to have revolted in favour of JJon Antonio, 74 (
(p. m).

Madrid, reference to letters from, 800; rejoicings in, over battle of Azores, 328; King of Spain goes to, 478; expected to keep Christmas at, 497; intends to go to, 618 (p. 609). Madruzzi Lodovieo, Cardinal Bishop of Trent, Pope's legate at Augsburg, 179; will not permit religious discussions at Augsburg, 209 (p. 209); 'inaugurates' Archbishop of Mentis at Augsburg, 810 (p. 80S); acquires great authority with Imperial Estates, 333 (p. 323). Maerfcens, Jbnckherr Cjhedrssedt, eickevin of lower bench in Ghent, 284, Maestricht, enemy marching by way of* S19; held for King of Spain, 438 (2), Magdeburg, administrator of, arrives at Augsburg, 178; See and Chapter of, in occupation of profane persons, 333 . (p. assy Magellan, Straits of, fleet sent by King of Spain to, 113 O 1U>. Mahmoud,: Aga, son to Sultana Mother, appointed to carry royal standard, 176 (p. 177). Maine, Duke of Maine promises to build college of Jesaits in, 33 (#. 30). Maine, Dote of. See Dorraine, Charles of. ....,,..., Duchess of. See Savoy, -Henrietta of, SEaiowe, Henry, mrarahfcnt, note of spoils taken from, by French pirates, 543,

INDEX.

69?

Maisse, Mesants. See Huranlt. Malcontents, people of Menin destroy powder and shot sent from, 17; great discontent among, at Lalaing's death, 96; boats ofj plundered 1>T people of Mezieres. HO; GueHerland tbreatens to johi, US (p. 139); States hope to entertain, with religions vrede, 169; Elizabeth wishes Preneh ting to make a restraint against transporting victuals to, 188 (p. 186); reference to gentleman captured by, 264; discontented at Spaniards being plaeed in towns by Prince of Parma, 304; -mentioned, 316; dislike cruelty of Spaniards, 321; seYeral gentlemen among, refnse to serve any longer, 349; Count Sohenlohe said to have defeated in Chielderlitnd,361; gentlemen from, at Flushing, 375; Baron of Anholt of great account among, 377; almost take St. Quintin's, 440; eneonnter between Prince of Epinoy'a horsemen and, i76,, 489; Dnke of Terranova to be governor of, 527; blows pass among, 627 {l>. 517). Maldegern. ' llaldegan' (Manders), muster of WillEams' company in. camp at, 263, Kremch troops at, 600. Maldonado. Friar Eranoisco, of the Barefoot Order, receives declaration from Count Vimioso, 883 (1). Mallet, M., brings letter to Cobfaam from Geneva, 419, Malta:. Englishman reported to be prisoners in, 48; Alderman Osfawne's ship stayed at, 141, 151, 162, 178; Cobham deaSs in behalf of merchants' ships stayed at, 18S, 210, 2H (a), 211 {6); mentioned, 824; Pope sends letters to Grrand Masterand Inquisition at, for release of Osberne's ship, 8S2, 352; English, merchants' ships stayed at, 421 (p. 411); Chevalier la Chastre employed hy Branch king at, 423 {p. 416); meeting of knights to be held at, 468; knights from, to oorae to Paris, 494 (p. 484); French subjects in, to retire to Isles beside oo&afc of Provence, 638. „, Grand Master of (late). See Leveaque. Manchester, eotton, tases on, in France, 341 333 Monde or Men.S09)

598

GENERAL- INDEX.

Mandersoheid (Mandrioheta) Count Charles Marok, William Robert de la—coni. of, statement of pay o£ companies under travelling to Augsburg with, 1S9 ; 328. Ereneh king and Queen Mother do not JIandojana, Joan de, coanterBigns passport think Monsieur intends to send, to granted hj Mendoza to Cortes, 97. Imperial Diet, 170 ; du Plessis to take final aispatoh to, 181 (p. 181), 206 ; Manners, Lienen, eseTievin of upper benoh in at Sedan, 243 ; going to Strasburg, Ghent, 284. 309 ; to represent Monsieur at AugsManningvil. See Boncherolfes, burg, 333 (p. 333); coming to Paris, Manrique, Goncstlo, in array for Teroeras, 1 369 ; comes to Paris, 449. .., „ John, son of Duke of Kajera, in army , —.younger brother of above, joins for Tei-eeras, 112. M. de Motitpensier'a camp, 369; at Jorge, purveyor-general of army for Briges, with French army, 492. Tercemis, 112. Marok, Duchy of, old Baron o£ Anholt has , ' MatautjOB,' Don Jnlio, statement of lauds in, 416 (p 407). pay o£ companies iinder, 328. Marcoing. See Marquion. Mansdaele, Jonkheer Cornelia, escoutete of Margaret, Queen of Navarre (Princess of Antwerp, 548. Bearn, Duchess of Yendome), Prenoh Msiisfeld, ' Mansfield,' Count Charles de, near king receives at Foatainebleau, 4 {p. Namur with Germans, for the enemy, 2); Oobham's audience with, S3 (p. 154; unable to cross Mass and Bhine. 29); lodges at M. d'O's house in Paris, 315 (J». 309); statement of pay of 62 ; her dowry and jointure, 62 (p. 53); companies under, 328; enBmy under, mentioned, 74 (p. 67); reference to crosses Rhine near Xanten, 347; letters to Monsieur from, 77 {p. 72); mentioned, 860; inarching towards at St. Msxxr 86; intends to go to Cologne, 512; near Eyndhoven, 535. Moneeaux, 87; French kiiig advises, to , Peter Ernest, Count of, Governor of send away Mile de Fosaeux, 113; Imiembottig, letters to Parma from, mentioned, 114 (p. 113); duchy of intercepted, IS (p. 18); brings sumValois granted to, 188; goes to Saint mons to surrender to Oudenarde, 79; Matir, 209; said to be with child, 246; made governor-of Hainault, 96; mentakes possession of Cardinal Biragne's tioned, 360; aids enemy before Lochem, house, 287; godmother to Duke of 363. Gkise's son, 287, 388 (p. 282); ....^.....Ootayio de, statement of pay of commentioned, 348 (p. 340); ill. 442; panies under, 238. wishes her husband to come to Paris, , ,,,UMeh, Couafc of, ratters under, for 467; goes in solemn procession to Notre service of Monsienr in Luxembourg, Dame, 507, 18 (p. 18) ; leads Monsieur's reiters to Mete, 63 (p. SS); arrives at Antwerp, , Dnohess of Parma, late Governess of 118 (p. 118), 126 (p. 126), 133; Netherlands, reference to her birthUorris hopes for, to relieve Oudenarde, place in Oudenwde, 118 (p. 117,1; 119; at Antwerp, 139 ; leaves Antreference to letters from agents of, werp, 143 °{p. 1S9); carabiiw of, at intercepted by States, 300; 'old Dunkirk, 157 ; in command of cavalry Madame de Parma/ reference to Queen at Dunkirk, 175, 2U8 ; reiters of, Mother's suit against, 51S. surprised by enemy, 238; reiters Maribau [qy, Marivaui], Pierre de, killed in • commanded by, nraoh weakened, 489. battle off the Azores, 213, , —, sister of above. Bishopof Cologne Mariembourg. statement of pay of garrison of, marries, 499, 328T Mansfield, —, owaa money to Pena, 360. Marnis, Philippe de, Sieur de Sainte-AldeMaa6ua, CHralcti's son visits, 399gonde, Herle wishes Walsingham to Mantua, Bake o£. See Goaaaga, William of. write to, on his behalf, 85 (p. 80); goes ,. .,, Prince of. See ©onzaga, Vincent of, to Zealand for Ms health, 85 (p. 82); Slanucoi, Captain Jaoomo, servant of English retarns from Zealand, 118 (p. 120); embassy in Branoe, 84, 226, 266 ; ill, appointed President of, Privy Council 471. in Netherlands, 143 (p. 141); sent for Marbury, Charles, spoiled by French pirates, to Antwerp, 169; nearly dies of snrfeit 84 ; to deal with merchants of Chester, of oucumberJ, 203 (p. 203); sent to 77(2, 72). Antwerp, 220, 827 (p. 228,!; reference to letter from Walsingham to, 235; Marehaumont. See Cluusae, Pierra. sent to Antwerp, 338; mentioned, 259, Ularek, William. Bohert & 3a, Buke of 300; resigns his post of President of Bouiilon, Monsieur requests him to Council of State, 868. repair to Imperial Diet in Germany, S3 (3). 30): du Plessis sent to, from -".= , letters from, 68,182, 278. Monsieur, 118 (p. 120) ; to be at Diet, for Monsieur's service, 126 Marcfaette, M. de, imprisoned as a spy at Bragee, 186; Leaieur visitt, 199; (p. 126) ; M, an PleEsia intends guards Bgmont, 199, 20®.

GENEEAL Marquion, Marguyon, ' Marcoing,' French footmen encamped at, 118 (p. 118); French troops not to pass from, 143 (p. 139). Marseilles, French king orders galleys to ba ready at, 209 (p. 208); cannons to be made for, 348 {p. 338); English pirates sent to galleys at, 396 (p. 394); Duke of Osuna in roads of, 423 (p. 415); burgesses come to French king from, 472 (i>. 462); gentleman of, comes from Constantinople to Paris, 638 (p. 626). Marshall, G-eorge, merchant, note of spoils taken from, by French pirates, 548. Marshalsea, pirate imprisoned in, 289. Martel, Francois, siaur d'Armeville [Hermanville], brother of following, said to have been wronged by English merchant ship, 127; French king sends letters to viceadmiral of Hormandy for redressing roving of, 162, 173; Cobham confers with Pinart about, 179 ; promises that all things should be redrosssd, 287; Gobhnmrequeststhat some order might be taken with, 287 (p. 281); reference to depredations of, 324; French king writes to, on behalf of Cisaie, 344; Cobham mates complaints to Queen Mother against, 848 (p. 340); goes to England, 424 (p. 417); reference to piracy of, 544. .Nicolas, sieur de Baequeville, servant of Date of Anjou, 13; to be resident in England in Marehaujnont's place, 18 (p. 19); sent to England, 26; Herle gives unfavourable report of, 85 {p. 80); reference to letter to, from des Pruneaux, 126 (p. 137); complains to Blizabeth of wroag done to him by English merchant ship, 127; said to be seeking to spoil English merchants, 160 (#.151); French king wishes justice done to English robbed by, 211 (c); complaints against English pirates framed at request of, 324; mentioned, 464. Martelli, undertakes to collect money for Monsieur, 223. Martin, Edward, in Williams' company, 263, Martinengo, Bresoian castle of, Saioedo's Italian accomplice, Mnsa or Baza, torn in, 288. Martinez, Basurto'ss debt to, 45 (p. 40). Martini, Willem, Greffier of Antwerp. 548. Mary, Queen of Scots, wishes to take baths at Bustoa, 2 ; Elizabeth professes good will towards, 13; reference to packet for, 47; said to have promised help to King of Portugal. 51 ; Herle gives • report of plot to efcir up interest in, 86 (p. 80); Soottish king said to have conformed himself; with., 150 (y. 161); Duke of (Suise advises King of Soots to imprison Bizzio's murderers in order to give contentment to, 210; wishes to beset at liberty in one of her houses, 218; ajauvissiere sends packet to, 201;

INDEX.

599

Mary, Queen of Scots—con*. Elizabeth does not wish, letters to be sent from French king and queen through Mauvissiere to, 357; mentioned, 370, 379; professes to fcrnst Walsingham, 396; Mauvissiere conveys letters to and from, 421 (p. 411); Bishop of Glasgow considers that young king is not kind to, 423 (p. 414); cause of, favoured by la MothuFonelon, 424; said to have offered great things to French king if he would renounce friendship of England, 444; Scots plaoe their trnst in Pope for redeeming of, 472 (p. 462); Elizabeth intercepts letter of, to France, £08; supposed practice of Pope and King of Spain for better estate of, 538; hopes d'Aubigny will receive support from France, 541; mentioned, 546, Mary of Castile, daughter of Charles T, wife of Emperor Maximilian, goes to Altnerin with King of Spain, 86; youngest daughter of, to marry Duke of Braganssa's son, 209 (p. 203); to govern Portugal, 472 tp, 460); about to return from Spain, 482; mentioned, 618 {p. 509). Hasa. See Baza. 'Masnuy/ [qy. Mauny], statement of pay of companies under, 328. Mathew. Bichard, trumpeter in States' army, 263. Matthew, Humfrey, in Williams' company, 363. Matthias, the Archduke. See Austria. Matignon, Marshal. See Goyon, Jacques de. Maucomble. —, captain in 'army' for Don Antonio, 95, 115; captures Biscayan vessels off Azores,- 363 (p, 347). Mauny, M. de, brings summons to surrender to Oudenarde, 79. Maurie, 'Morrie,1 la. commanding Gascons in Low Countries, 428; Gasoons under, in land of Wast, 477. Manvissiere. See Oastelnau. , Mme, de. See Boohetel. Maximilian II, late Emperor, reference to Earl of Susses as ambassador to, 489. Maximilian, Arohduke. See Austria. Maxwell, MaxBeld, JolinIiord,Earlof Morton, might be stirred up to favour d!Anbigny?s party, 472 C JP- 461). May, William, in Williams' company. 263. Mayenfcell or Mayenzelt, Msyswille. See BoncheroUes. 'Maynnthar,' Antony, Captain of the Vsdais, ambassador to French king, 519. Mearibay, Pierta de lay. identical with Maribau], killed in battle off Azores, 213. ' Meaukad,1 See Moylanfc.

600

GENERAL INDEX;

Mechlin, SMiucs, papist religion said to be ! introduced in, 113 ($• U l ) ; betrayed ' by brother of M. c!e Bonrs, 286; men- | taonsd, 237 (f. 241); States' camp to lie near, 283; discovery of plot to ] betray, 377 (p. S7S); French taie j castle near, SS7, BS9; 'jHaeklin,' '• French oamp near, 390, 392; French ! take fortresses near, 406; Saiaaeyal takes troops from, to attack lotivain, 428; mentioned, 445. Mecklenburg, Duke of, leaves Augsburg, 3S3 ; if. 333). I Media, Spanish slaves in, rescued near Derbend, by English sailors, C. Medici, Duke Alexander de', brother to. Queen Mother of France, reference to suit concerning, 518. ,., Ferdinand, Cardinal de', la-other of Grand Duke, la Chapelle-deS-Ursins • wishes to send greyhounds to, 352,356; with his brother, 471; mediates with Pope for Piceolonrini, 472 (p, 460); •visits Comendador of Leghorn, 494 (p. 485). ...,....., Fi-aaoeseoMaria.de', Grand Duke of Tueeany and Florence, death of his son, 18fjJ. 17); servant of, oomestoVenice, 100 (p. 103); mentioned, 113 (p. Ill}; rescues Potoe's galleys from Turks, 167; la Chapelle-des-Ursina wishes to procure English greyhounds for, 356; Duke of SavQj said to have married daughter of, 397 (p. 396); report of marriage of Koke of Savoj to daughter of, denied, 441 (p, 435); ship belonging to, captured by Turkish pirates, 445; said to have become awd, 467; ill, 471, 472 (p. 460); Emperor adjudges precedents of Duke of Savoy in disfayonr of, 482 j visits Comendador of Leghorn, 494 (p. 485); secretary of, seeks to reoover Breneh king's fayoor towards. 518. .,..,...., Hiiriade', dtanghterof above, Duko of Savoy intends to marrv, 397 {p. 306), 419.. ^editerrairean Sea, TorJa seed galleys into, SSS. ' 3TedIer.' er&e, Adolf ran. Councillor of State in Low Ootmtries, letters from, 243, 431, Heggeli, Joadhini; from Appanzall, ambassador t&Freaeh king, 519. en, eastle of, on the Maas, ISToms attempts ta recover, 87C; States' foi-oes to go to, 438; held for Kins of Spain Mehemet Sashiu former Begleri)eg of Greece, ciroamcises Prinos of Tiirlev, 1?8 f». P 175) " / <Saxony), aertnan aoldfere ssid to h»V8 been Safecd in, for King of Soala 260. / . , pout of Utwemberg, book of, sent to

SWrin, Pierre de, Pfinoe of Epinoy, Monsieur visits. 98 ; to hold Counoil of State at Bruges, 151; sent for" to Antwerp, 169; captains of Com<pagnws (VOrdonnaiice of, 180; governor at Antwerp, 185; to go feo Ghent, 235; said to have revolted, 237 (p. 341); • <*oes to Ghent, 259, 279; to be governor of Flanders, 391; cornet of horsemen of aaptnre Malcontents, 475, 531. , Eobert de, Marquis of Houbais and Rioheuoiirg, 'Risbourg,' Viscount of Ghent, brother of above, discord between Parma and 53 (p. 4b';; brings summons to surrender to Oudenarde, 79 ; said to have been sent prisoner to lournay, 85 (p. SI); skirmish near camp of, 118 (p. 117); said to be dead, 422 ; very ill, 440; said to have been poisoned, 445, 454; said to have eome towards Arras to eheok Biron, 465. Menart, G-uillerme, killed in battle off the Azores, 313. Mendoza, Don Bernardino de Hurtado de, Spanish ambassador in England, leagae between Elizabethandlfingof Spain said to be renewed through negotiations of, 54; grants passport for Low Countries to Cortes, 97; Eogers' detention iway cause apprehension of, in England; ' 194 (p. 194)-, Lesieur tries to intercept letters from Parma to, 352 f mentioned, 389; hopes in Low Countries that report of Don Antoaio's defeat might have been forged by. 802; sinister solicitations of, the cause of KnoIJys coming U> Low Conntries, 394 (p. 390); reference to letters sent by Pope to, 442; depositions >of Portuguese at Southampton, taken at instance of, 469; pardon from Pope conveyed in paoket to, 497; said to be going to W e England, 538. .......... lBtters from, 7, 19, 31, 38, 451, 461,521. Mendoza, Godfrey de, of Order of Oalatrava, in armj for Teroeras, 112. • JUigo de. ' See Moneada. Henerbe, ia Languedoe, held by lawless men, 372. Meneses, Antonio de, commands fleet for Don Antonio, 114; escapes from burning ship, 115 J at Bockelle ill, 1S7; in command of French regiment for Don Antonio, S83. ...„..,., Don Biisirte, de, Leicester's' footman' to pass into company of, 388 ( P )2) Henin, Meenen, arfillery aesbrqyed ai, 15,17; cornets, of horse go to, 96, 111> 'Mennyng* npon tya, troops from Artois to go to, 118 (p. U S ; ; infantry from, in Boehepot's attack on. Conrferai, 136 (p, 126); mentioned. 143 (p. 139); Pesvaoo(Hes said to be near, 164; enemy near, 189;. Boots leave, and join 6hemy, 230; Parma's camp leaves, 296; fears, that States' gsrrisoa at, tttoy turn to SS8

GENEEAL

INDEX.

601

• " . "Mioker, Gio, widow of, sends sweetmeats to festivities at Constantinople, 178 said to be besieged by enemy, SI 9; (jp. 174). people of Lille anxious to besiege, 322; enemy near, 336, 337 (p. 328); people JVIiohieli, G-ioranni,. Proourator of Zante, Senator at Venice, Shelley debites -Srith, of. sSirmisb. with enemy, 349, 359, concerning Englisk merchaEts, 295, 864; put in danger by forts at Hallewyn, 375; Scots strong at, 377 (p. Middelaar, 'Midler,' 'Medler,' oastle of, on 376 J; people of, attack forts at Hallethe Maae, NoiTis attempts to recover wyn, 391; Scots at. sent to Antwerpr from enemy, 376; held for King of 439; people of, take prisoners from Spain, 478 (2). enemy, 404; Scotch captains make suit Middelburg, in Zealand, reference to book for governorship of, 475; Colonel written by English minister at, 271, Preston made governor of, 493. 803 ; Merchants Adventurers purpose Menserey.—, killed in battle 'off the Azores, to remove their traffic to, 338, 377 (p. 376); reference to letter written at, 388; Monsienr does not wish lnerohantB Metiteith or Honteith, *—, SoottiBh gentleman, to withdraw to, 418; Merohante governor to M. de Laval's Brothers, Adventurers present to Monsienr their letter to, from King of Scotland and reasons for reinoving "to, 43S ; MerPuke of. Lennox, 31. chants Adventurers depart to, 462; , , letter from. 71. trade of JlerokantB Adventurers well Menteith, William, 'Baron ' (Laird)of Kerse, understood at, 550. ' nephew to above, 71. letters and dispatohes dated at, 437, Mentas, Arohbishop-Elfiotor of. 8ee DalbeTg. 453, 489, Merchants Adventurers, the Company, purpose to remove tbeir traffio from Ant- Middleton, William, comes to PariB £rom Naples, 324. werp to Mddelburg, 338,877 (p. 376); S8B, 418; mentioned, 427 ; present to Milan, Duchy of, soldiers levied in, 4 (p. 4); soldiers in, march on Geneva, 33 Monsieur their reasons for removing to (p. 31); Tasajs receives HOWS from, Middelburg, 428; Hanse Towns spread S6 : Mareanfconio Colonna to be goverlibels against, 463; depart to Middelnor of, 108, 113 (jp. Ill) ; news from, fcurg. 462; begin to settle their trade at 122 ; horsemen from, in Low CouaMiddelburg, 474; reference to departure trieSj 137 (p. 134,1 ; Marasmtonio of, from Antwerp, 523; mentioned, Golonna made governor of, 143 (. j>.140j} 526 ; petition of, 550. Italians from > pass to Low Countries, , letters from, 22, 271. 226 ; Irishmen take letters from Mereceur, Duke of. Set Lorraine, Philip Spanish agent in Paris to, 423 (#.415); reference to packet sent to Pope's Emmannel of, agent in Paris from, 442 ; money sent : ... ; Dnehessof. jSueiuxembarg, Marie de. to Prinee of Pttnna from, 457; new ^Merenrie,' Captain of Albanese, attacked by governor expected at, 468 ; Duke, of enemy, t®5.. Terranovit to bB governor of, 472 Merle, Mathieu de 3a, ' Captain le Marie,1 (p. 4C1), 494 (p. 485); banters of, enters Geneva •with Frenoh horseman, agree to .provide King of Spain with 328; returns from Geneva, 340. money for wars in Flanders. 518 Ittrode, Boberfc de, sfeur de Thiant, reference (p. 509;; Swiss to attack Spaniards in, to taking of Alost by, 30; regiment of, . 180 (p. 180). Miliino, Hannibal, Duke of Faroura'B agent Mesntl.. •— da, Captain in ' army' for Don in France money to be senttoMonAntonio, "95, 115sienr by, 348 (p, 338), 369. Metz [Lorraine], Swiss reitera to pass by, 18 * Milbrig.* [qy, Menlen Steege], near Ghent, '($, 18), 28 t Monsieur's reitera at. 62 States* camp at, 281. (p • 53;; ' Baron' of Saloado governor of a town near, 185, 203; mentioned, 300. Miller, William, in Williams' company, 263. MiUitike, ST. de la, agent of King of Havarre, Mendon, ' Medon,' Duke of Guise lodges at, visits Cobhsan, 330. 4S4. Meyer, Jean Conrard,. from Schaffbausen, Minions, tbe, of Henry III, 03{p. 52), 494 (p, 484). ambassador to Erenoh king, 519. Meyenberger Gaapar, governor of 2ug, am- Moeea, Hears, Meore, Count of. See Solms. bassador to French ting, 519. Molesey, JVEme de Mauyissi&re wishes Witlsmgoam to grant to Mr. Stendin Mezieres, States "trish Fiienrfi ting to ^lose passages between Calais,-and, 18 (p. 16), the lease of his house nt, 488. 70, 85 (p. 81}; boats of Malcontent* Moller, Dr Wilhelm, ^yadie of State of plundered by people of, 110; EVenon Hamburg, tafass petition agatost Sivokking does not shut up postage of, 118 ford to Iiord WiUo«ghI>y d'Srealby, 351, (p. U9),14&(p.lW). Momerah [qy. IContmoifeJ, —, c p in Mjeheli, Bonaventnra, meronaut of Iiaeca 'ataiy' iot Bern Antonio. 95. residing in Antwerp, offieetss in Mouwaor, —4 See Motffcnutf, •' ' Guernsey saixe goods of, 63. Mania—cont.

602

GENEBAL

Monoada, ffmneiseo de, Connfc of Aytona, 112. , ISigode, 'Mendaza,' son of above, in ; army' for Terceras, 112. Moace&ux, Queen Mother intends to go to, 87 ; Queen Mother and Queen of Kavarre at, 1U (p. 113). Monyon in Aragon, King of Spain's eldest son to be sworn Prince at, 478, Mondragon, Cristobal de, governor of Tonrnay, said to be killed before Oadenarde, 79; supposed to be about to besiege Brussels, 142; statement of pay of. infantry under, 828; pacifies Spaniards and Walloons, 531. Monferrafc, Mawjttisate of, King of Spain s*id to l>e compounding with Duke of Mantaa for, 348 (p. 338). Monluo, Jean de, Seigneur de Balagny, governor of Oambrsy, 100; said fco have taken Valenciennes, 376 : ' Bnlenge * assures Monsieur that lie can hold Cainbr&y, 439; causes Montsoreau to bo murdered, 498. Jfonon, 11. de h,, regiment of, said to hare done great harm in Sayoy, 848. Mons in Hai nualt, reftises to admit horse and foot from Parma, 43; people of, refuse fco allow bells to be rung for death of Oonnt Lftlaing, 110 ;< Muntz/ Ifervacques said to be at, 143 (p. 139). MonsaVran, •—, Captain in French fleet for Don Antonio, 115. Mons-en-Pnalle wPovele (Nbrd), in Slanders, BVenck troopa from Artois march to, 118 (p. 118). Moatbeliard, Duke of, leaves Augsburg, 333 (p. 323). , Duke Casimii1 going to, 71. Monte, OamilJo, statement of pay of Spanish companies under, 528. .., Jan Baptista. del, leader of Spanish forces in Motherlands, 85 (p. 81). Monteiib, See Menteith. Montana, Jonkheer Jacob, etteltevin of Antwerp 548. Montesoa, near Toulouse, Huguenot oaptain of, commits great insolences, 331. Montgomery, Count, See Lorges. Monti, Gurisfcophoro de, reference to goods left by, at bis decease. 378. Joaa de, kinsman of Yitelli, espeoted in Paris, 401. g y See Maing, Kmanael PhiEberfc de. Montignj, See Sranga. Montjosieu, Slonjousiou. louis de, a matnemittiman, appointed by Queen Mother to bring her a deeonption of Teroeras, 457. ', Btfttementi of pa.y of gamson of, . -, wptain la Frenefe fleet for Bon Antonio, 9S, Hgj Hoatmort, aoti& in battle off"Aj5oire»» 663 (#. SSI).

INDEX. Montmorenoy, Henri de, Duke of Montmoreney (late sieur de Damvifle), MarBhal of France, reference to Kong's bard dealing with, 114 (p. 114); said to have taken arms, 162; difficult to remove from his government of fjanguedoo, 209; French king wishes him to leave his government to Joyeuse, S4S; in good favosw with King of Navarre, 288 (p. 282;; Gonde confers with, in Languedoo, 348 (p. SS9): Joyeuse confers with, 434 (p. 417); 'Memoransi,' 442; mentioned, 467; marriage between daughter of, and Gondfi not to take plase, 538. Moutpensier, Bake of. See Bourbon, Louis de ; Bourbon, Pran^is de. , Duchess of. See Lorraine, Catharine Marie of. Montreal, Count of, sent to French Gourtfrom Bate of Savoy, 423 (p. 41C), denies rumour of Dake of Savoy's marriage, 441 (p. 434); renews Dake of Savoy's suit to Princess of lorraine, 520. Montresor, Lavalette at, 466, Montreuil, M. de ftnise sends gome of his household to England by way of, 91 ; ' Mufcfcrell,' French troops to go to, 143 (p. 139); Barmck robbed near, 267Montrose, Earl of. See Graham, Montsoreau, 3L de, murdered by direction of Balagny, 498. Moors, wieh to paSB from Africa to Spain, 114 (P. US). Mor, Antonins (?). See Antoyne. Mores, English merchants' ships stayed in, 421 (p. 411). Morell, John, in Williams' company, 263. Moret, Lord Hamilton at, 488. , letter dated at, 26. Moreto, Antonio, in command of vessels in Spanish fleet for leroeiras, 148. Morgan. Matthew, cornet in States' army, 219, 36S. .,, , Uiomas, Colonel in States' army, levies oomjianies, 65; Prince of Orange favourable to, 85 (p. 81); Herie'a oommendatioa of, 118 (p. 120); companies of, to be sent to Bruges, 143 (p. 139); pacifies Morris' mutinous troops, 160; referenoa to letter from, concerning mutiny, 163; mutineers marsh towards camp with, 164; mentioned.. 169; oolonel-general of English infantry at Dunkirk, 175; in command of cornet of horse, 180; Herle gives out tale of Norris's unpopularity to, 237 (p. 229); Monsieur commends, for valour in skirmish at Berghes, 234 (p. 237); worthy of commendation, 802 (p. 298); goes to rescne of French at Boetholt, 337 (p. 328); msies Couehe his ensign-hearer, 405; ooinmanda companies at Alost, 466. •-.».. , letters from, 190, 320. ••" 'ApoEder,' comes to Paris, 896 (p. 394).

OENBKAL Morley, JJady, Governor of Jesuits deliver money to, 520. Mornay, PhilippB de, Seigneur du Plessis Marly, returns to Francs, 55 ; Herle wishes Walsingham to write to, on his behalf, 85 (j>,"80); reference to letters from W&lsinghatn to, 93; to be at Diet on behalf of Monsieur, 110, 118 {p. 120), 126 (p. 126), 189, 143 (p. 140); expected at Bruges, 181 {^J. 181); departs for Germany, 199; to refer to Saloedo's plot, at Diet, 203 ; arrives at Dunkirk, 205; goea to Paris, 248, 266. , Pierre de, Seigneur de Buhy, 'le Bus,' brother of above, seat to Paris from Monsieur, 309. , letter from, 126. Moro, Zuane, Venetian ambassador in Paris, 114 (y. 113); seeks audience of King, 122; has undienoe of King, 150 (p. 160); to congratulate French king on establishment of confederacy with Swiss, 897 (p. 395) j has audience with King. 520; seeks to speak with Don AntoniO; 540. 'Hor.o,' chief Portuguese secretary to King Philip, a friend to Cavaliere G-jraldi, S±8 (p. 389). Morowe, Tonslow (?), in Williams' company. 263. Morrane(?). —, delivers letters to Bishop of Glasgow, 472 {p. 462). 3Iorrie, la. See IVTaurie. Morris, Horys,'—, English merchant, delivered fromBonen, 188,210. Morton, Earl of. See Doaglaa, James; Maxll Morys, Oaptain, wounded in enoonater before Ghent, 302 (p. 296). Moacovia, Bake of. See Ivan IY, Moscow, 146, Hothe-Fenelon, la. See Salignac, Berfcrand de. Motte, de la. See Pardieu. Moulins (Allier), French king goes to, 288 (p. 281), 352. ' Mount en Pewle,' See lions en Paelle. Monrfefc [sic: ay, MaSett], Englishman serving King of Spain in Antwerp, 30. Kouy, M. de. See Vaudrey, Charles Lonis de. Moy, Oh. de, Secretary of Antwerp, signs letter to Elizabeth, 40. , Henrick de, Secretary of Antwerp, 548. .,„ JaeqyK3 ttejSietsrde PiBrreconrte,Y3oeadmiral of Normandy, reference to letters from French king to, 161,173 > Frenoh merchants complaint to. of -t English pirate, 292. „ , ,.., letter to, 211 (e).

INDEX.

603

Jean de, Seigneur de Meilleraie, ViaeAdmxrat of Trance, to see restitution made fco merchants of Chester, 34; government of, in Normandy, to be bestowed on Joyeuse, 209 (p. 208); sends news of battle of Azores to Queen Mother^ 266; writes to Mauvisaiere concerning Prenoh ahip plundered by Eu^lWi ph'ates, 292; reference to letter of, to French king, complaining of English 'depredations, 848 (£. 840). Moylamt, 'Heaulande,'Jfeuland, inDachyof Cleves, old Baron of Anholt born at, 366,416 (p. 407). Moyser, Thomas, English merchant at Rouen, signs petition, 341. Muelinaere, 1Mr Lantvereys (?) de, esclievin of uppei bench in Ghent, 284. ' Mnglione,' M. de,kinsman to Villeroy, people of Marseilles refuse to receive as governor, 472 (#. 462). Kurrans, Simon Gon^alYes, Portuguese merchant, signs bond to Captain Kenns, 452. ' 'THurveill,' Jesuits much beholden to, 286. Muscovite, the. See Ivan. Mugoovia. See Eussia. Muti, Signor Carlo, leaves Bome to serve Daks of Savoy against Geneva, 122. MychellgroTe (.Sussex), papists from Bieppe to go to, 75. Myohills, James, in Williams' company, 263.

N ftainoet, Claude, slain, in battle of the Azores, 213. Nampont (Nemponi-Saint-Pierre, PaB-deCalais), Walsingham's servamt Painter at, 264; Barwiok robbed new, 267; Monsieur orders that no more letters should be surprised at, 484. Hamnr, Parma's troops sent to, from Oudenarde, IS 2!). Nantea, in BrLtanny.news from, {p. &}\ Doke of Montpensier goes to, 323; French ships abont coast of, 3iS (p, 338); news from, 471» news of Bon Antonio from, 498, Santenil, 'KsntheTill,' Ootmt of, eoJwin to S h b Sfdh 371.

604

GENERAL

Haples, Englishmen reported to b& prisoners i», 48; horsemen from, coming to Low Countries, 85 (p. 81); soldiers levying SB, 87 J troops coming to enemy from, 99; galleys from, in haven of Ksbon, 112; guard of Viceroy of, to be all Julians, 113 (p, 111); horse from, repair into duchy of Milan, 122 ; John Andrea Doria to be Viceroy of, 143 (p. 140); infantry embarks at. for Portugal, 226; horsemen of. slain before Ghent, 302 (p. 296); Middleton comes to Paris from, 324; ship of Malta coming to, Bfiid to have been taken, 832; Skat's goes to. 352 ; Dnke of Osun&goes to, 423 (p. 416); Josepbo Riya sentfrom,to King of Sweden, 412. , Viceroy of. See Osuna, Duke of; Doria, Giovan Andrea. Sarkonne.refeKiice tofailure of surprise on, 15. Harva, 145, 293. ' Hassan, Catherine of, Countess of Schwarzburg, comes to Bruges, 335. ,., Elisabeth, fifth daughter of Prinoe of Orange, to marry Duke of Montpensier, 126 (i/, 127). .....,..., Justin of, bastard son of Prince of Orange, in Paris, 62 (p. 53). , Marie, eldest daugbterof William of Orange, to marry Graf van Hohenlo, 157. ..,. , Mary, aisfser to William of Orange, wife of Graf van Bergbe, 157. , Maurice of, son of Prince of Orange, ' iakee upper hand' of Egmoat, 203 ' (p. 203); goes to Holland, 206. , William of, Prince of Oranga, death of his wife, 9, 18; reference to letters fooai, 80; recovering, 3 1 ; present at tUtingatring, 56 ; reference to intended mnrder of, (33 (p. 62); mentioned, TO; Herle wishes Walsinghnm to write to, on his behalf, 86 (p. 80) ; has secret negotiations with. Bejlievre, 85 (p.82j; promises help to Oudenarde, 92; mentioned, OS, 100; Masino del Beno writes to, 103 (p- 9S); in good health. 109; mentioned, 118 (p. 116); Duke of HoutpeiiBier desires to many daughter of, 126; eliarged with itisuiBcienoy 4m account of loss of Ondenarde, 143 (p. 139}; Monsieur confers -with., on loss ef Gttdenardts, 143 (p. 140); people ot Clhent make ooiuplaintsagainst, 146 ;• oomiaj to Qheot, 147; to held aonseil of state at Bragea, 151; rarnour in Paris of severe illness of, 152; comes to Bruges, 154, 167, J5S; comes to 3?inshin£, 164; mentioned, 166; arrives a6 Bruges, 169,181; mentioned, 175; thanis Wulsingfaftsa fos" his good djspaajtion toTsnrds low Countries, 1©; pivsses through JfealtiBtt, 185; practte of S&lcedo agftinstj 189 " " Williams for his tth, I J nesses his plot to, ISSj 3^4*3 visties him to •write to B»Btaa «a his beiutll. IM (p, 194}; sjefewmee to plftt against, 195; has gootl ofiaion of j^un'ie, 190; reference

INDEX. Nassau, William of—cont. to plot against, 197, 199; Monsieur gives banquet to, 199 (p. 199); reference to plot against, 203. 304. 208; promises to make Couche his lieutenant, 214 ; Treasurer of Denmark not well-affeofced to. 216 (p. 216); reference to plot against, 220,227,331; Morris clears himself of slanderous reports to, 221; Morgan offers petition to, for pardon of English mutineers, 227 (p.229); mentioned. 234 (p. 237); to go to Qheqt, 235, 237 (p. 241); shows great olemenoy towards Oount of Egmont, 238; goes towards Ghent, 258; referenoe to letter to; 269; goes to Gbent, 359, 360; correspondence between Elisabeth and, 274; will preserve his remaining towns, 275; at fcHient, 278, 279; Horn's in great credit with, 280 (p. 273); said to W e used hard speeches against English colonels sit Ghent., 284; watches skirmish of States' troops with enemy from walls of GShejit,294;; seeks to cover news of Don Antonio's defeat, 302; reference to Elizabeth's letter to, 302 (p. 297) ; wishes to suppress Browne's books, 303; reference to conspiracyagainst,305; two nephews of, besieged in IiOohem, 306; commends English afc Ghent, 337 (p. 327); referenoe to request of, on Rogers' behalf, 358; fiephews of, in safety at Xiochem, 369; gives banquet to Monsieur, 862, 374; Rogers wishes Walsingham to write to.. 366; angry with States for refusing his nephew, 377 (p. 375); welcomes Prince of Chimay at AnWerp, 389; nominated ss governor of Flanders. Sill,- governor of Dunkirk follows, 393; Monsieur gives banquet to, S94 (p. 890); continually with States-General, 404; Korris invites to a, supper, 405, 408; ill, # 2 ; mentioned, 433 (p: 416), 439, 466; receives letters from Biron, 473, 477; to oe- Lieutenant-General if Monsie«v returns to France, 487; said to be ill, 489, 491; captain of, defends castle of Likerke, 493; reference to words spoken by Saint-Luc towards, 494 (p. 484); ill, 499, S13S 514, 518 {p. 609); at Monsieur's oonrt, S29; convalescent, 580; writes to Stewart, 537; mentioned, 538, , letters from, 270, 274 (2), 381, 525. letter to, 274(1). ......j'William Lewis, Count of, son of Count iTabn of Nassau Dillcnhurg, his regiment 1o attempt to relieve Ondena-rde, 31; meafcioned, 55; defeats eaetoy at I>imburgs 167; takes forts near Loebem, 315 (p. 308); defends Eoehem, 337 (i>. 327); States of (Juelders icefuse, as governor, 377 (i>, S7J>), 392; nominated as governor Of Inlanders, 391; trill determine sothing without direetioa ef Harris, 394 {-p. 388); genwal of forees in Queitkrs, 428; mentioned, 473.

GENERAL Nau, Claude, secretary to Queen of Scots, 2 ; Hanvisaiere sends letter from, to Walsingham, 2&1. .......... —, brother of above, mentioned, 396 Navarre, Kingdom of, King of, wishes to make war on Spanish, king in, 179, •250; Spanish king holds nearly all, King of. Sec Henry. ' Queen of. Sets Margaret of Vfflloia. Kedham or Heedham, Francis, letter-bearer, 472. ...'., , letter from, 371. Neesen, Dionys Vander, secretary of Antwerp. . 548.. ' Negroponte Island, Turkish fleet said to be going to, 102; p . 99). ' iMcespoole,' near Meoblin,. IVeiwb troops • leave, 414, Nemours, Duchess of. Ses.Esbe, AnnetT. Duke of. See Savoie. , House of, Monsieur wishes to raise up Prince of Geneva in opposition to, 152. ambassadors commanded to repair to, 62 (¥. 53). 3Tep5»3Vt]lej —, captain of Count Briasae's ship, brings news' of Strozzi's capture, 266; ' Nepiville,'. captures Biseayan vessels off Azores, 853 {p. 347). Keryiua {?), Chancellor of Qnelders, wishes to . make agreement with Jfeu-on of Anholt. 466. Hes, Thomas, merchant of Yarmouth, fly-boat belonging to, captured by pirates. 460. Wetlieriands, Low Countries, Masino del Bene about to journey to, 5 ; Elizabeth said not to be pleased with Monsieur's manner of settling himaelf in, S3 (f. 30); men of Brabant and Antwerp • acknowledge beneftts rendered by Elizabeth to, 40; grant Monsieur 120,000 florins a year, 55; Biron anxious to serve Monsieur in, 62 (p. SB); mentioned, 73 (p. 66); soldws ? from France going into, 75; mentioned, 76; Belliavre sent into, 77 {p. 72); oornpaniea marching from Pieardy to join Monsieur in, 91; passport for, granted by JVIendosKi to Cortes, 97 i Bellievre gives out in, that 3?renoh king is willing to perform all that Elizabeth wishes to further the Marriage 101; nobility of GuelderWd ill devoted to, 118 (j>. 119); du.PIessts to confirm two' circles of, under Empire at Ditsb, 118 (#, 120); soldiers of, fail in enterprise WJMU Aersohot, 121; Eren'ch king calls eounoil to consider his brother's action in, 123; news from, 1S7; E3J*abeth reftisea to defray expenses for Monsieur's wtas in, ISO; CoHiniin thjnka Jrretioh. Mag seek* to get profit ont of, 170; KiBg of iSpaiu said to be goingfcopropose great matter at Diot for his interest in. 181 (p. ISl); • m«sa>B fo# isppeasing ] jn, to b* deliberates wpon st -]

IHDEX.

605

Augsbnrg, 198; Elizabesth does not receive promised payment from, 214; Treasurer of Denmark not wellaffeoted to English in, 317 (p. 216); PaHavioino's views of SVeneh attitude towards, 22S; Monsiear will not receive sufficient help from, to sustain his enterprises against King Philip, 229; to be persuaded to yield sovereignty to I'renoh king, 2S0; King of Spain said to foe going to give, to Emperor, in dowry with his daughter, • 234 (p. 288); posSmaater-general of, lodges complaint against Van den Bntte, 242; reference to declaration of Bon Antonio printed in, S47 (p. 248}; commissaries of musters for, pass in muster Williams' company, 268; French king willfc»in peril if King of Spain recovers, 275; States of Empire unwilling to interfere in war in, 310 (J>. 306); matter of, diseussed at Augsburg, 323; statement of monthly pay of Spanish force in 328; reference to Monsieur's dealings in, • 367 ; ESizahfith requires that KngLand shall no't enter, into war with, 398; Cobhain hopes (Servant's journey may serve to good of,. 434; -Wants and miseries daily increase in, 449, Marquis of Pesoaru, said to have been on his way to wars in, tH?8; Monsiear wearied with proceedings of those of, towards him, 472; Elizabeth wishes to know by wiiom charges of wars in, are to be borne if marriage with Monsieur takes pkoo, 4:79: referenae to Religions friede in, 496; Stokes writes ooneerning grain to be brought to, 50iT; charges of Monsieur's wars in, 507 (p. 496), 508 (p. 500); del Bene deplores calamity of, 515; reference to obargeB of wurs in, 617; Monsieur to continue to attack Spaniards in, 638; mentioned, 54S; trade of Merchants Adventurers well understood throughout, 550. , States-General of, have no intention • of putting the moy&ns yinemttlx into Monsienr'ss hundg, 9 ; Waisinghttia complains of dilatory answer of, touching repayment of lotta, 10; promise to pay interest on loan, 12" castle of Gasbeot lost by} 14; pufc diepositioa of affairs into KonsieurB hands, 16; Soheok's reiters come to gerviee of, I S ; Monsifinr'isi agreement with, 18 j reference to EftsftbeUi's loan to, 27; English troops not to be assembled in Brabant acd Flanders without permission of, 3 9 ; SHissabetb. intends to tevy interest of loan to, 49; hold oa tiieir aecnatomed delays in payment of deist, 43; Gilpin delivers copies of bonds of, toLongston, 67; Woufefepferaeeatedby Poyafai for debts at, 68,' BeJljevre sent to, k> offer aBsistiniiaa from J?MJicn. Wag, 77 (^*7SJ; Bon Aotoajo m o m s fiiit from, k) muke cbftitv of i 5 7S) fcl^ (Bhigping,fi5 (i.7S)j fconj Wret contract to serpa,

606

GENERAL

^Netherlands., States-General of—cant. insist on Norria joining their oamp, 98; foroea of, before Oudenarde, inferior to those of enemy, 109; French king wishes them to retain to Catholic religion, 118 (p. I l l ) ; difficult to find money promised by, 118 (p. 119); waver in their resolution, 148 (p. 189}; assembly of, proceeds slowly, 148 (p. 140) ; to go to Flushing, 151; do nothing tor Elizabeth's satisfaction, 158; give commission to Williams, 175; assembly of; begins at Bruges, IS (p. 181); Monsieur will not be able to male head against Xing of Spain supported only by, 183 {p. 184); thank Williams for his successful march, 191; Egmonfc concurs in speaking, unseemly words against, 203 (p. 202); Van der Werke sent to Diet on behalf of, 205; camp of, at Dunkirk. 203; Sorris shows note signed by, of all suais of money accorded to him, 231; commissioners Beat to, from Dunkirk, complaining of favours shown, to Stench, 227; Statement of money accorded to Norris by, 227 if. 229); SempiU obtains money from, 337; English troops will go orer to enemy if not treated better by, 259; Elizabeth wishes Prinoo of Orange to represent to, their fault in' not providing JtConsfeuc with money, 374(1); at Sheat, 278; tnrn suspected persons out of Antwerp, 283; Elisabeth writes to admonish, of their dutytowardsMonsieur, 302 (p. 397); to abstain from oppressing subjects of Empire, 310 (p. 305); mentioned, 316; affairs of, discussed in private at Augsburg, 333 (p. 823); mentioned, 361; troops of, undertake enterprise in Biabant, 389; Horns wishes, to decide _ controversy between himself and John Cobham, 390; Harris sues to, to relieve Ms companies, 394 (p. 389); reference to wish of, for Monsieur to come into Slanders, 397; sitting in Council, 404; cannot agree with jjloasiem' upon certain articles, 414; debfcdne to Pallavieino and Spinola in question before, 428, agree to call Council of Sfcafce, 432; purpose to take some order fouehiag merchants of Lyme, -435; chancellor of Gueldera writes to, touching agreement with Sawn of Anhdlts 4S&; secretary of Bufnh Adventurers in London treats with, 462; great complaining by, for •waat ofbettergoireiiunett6,476; brought to 9 low ebb by reason of long continuanaet of war, 479; meet at Antwerp, 489; promise 6o futaish Monsieur with money, 499; delay in paying troops, 601; have nofcsnffieieni power to continne war, 507 (p, 466), 508 (p. 500); assembly of, 528; will shortly break «p their assembly, 526; reference to I 55Q, Seuenahr, Earl of ' See Solms.

INDEX. lle, Nicholas de, Seigneur de Villeroy, Secretary, sent by King to Biron, 62 (p. 53), 102 (p. 99); Oobham speaks to, concerning Oshorne's ship, 173; mentioned, 396 (p. 393) ; French king assured of his loyalty, 441 (p. 438); ' mentioned, 443, 467. t,_ 3t[, de la, comes to Paris from jrfonsienr, 472 (p. 460); has conference with Queen Mother, 47^. Ueust, Luisde, slain in battle of Azores, 213. Heurille, la (Nord), troops from Artois go to, 118 (p. 118). Nevere, Duke of. See Gkmzaga, Louis de. Neres, Francis des, Portuguese merchant, signs bond to Captain Kenne, 452. iTevill, Charles, Earl of Westmoreland, reference to insurrection of, 149. , Edmund, Italian acquaintance of, wishes to go to England, 260, 339. Newcaatle-on-Tyne, 74 (j?. 68). Newfoundland, French ships from, bring news of battle of Azores, 807 ; Spanish ships robbed by English at, 451. Nwolson, —, former tutor to LftniTOsiero's son, arrested in Paris, 13; Mauvisfsiere begs for his release, 47, 65, 89; Mauvissiera speaks highly of, 218. Kieuwport, 118 (p. 119) ; camp of reiters near, 168 ; ' Kewporfc,' States' oamp goes to, 253 ; French, soldiers placed in, 268; iStates' camp msireheg to, 259; provision to. be made in, for French and Swiss troops, 475, Wphiua, Dr, not to be allowed to inherit de la Haie'a property, 530. Ninove, Hynhoven, M. de In Garde's regiment goes to, 9 ; will be troubled by loss of Qasbeek, 14; enemies' forces near, 439, 445,454,456; holds good, 460; yields to enemy, 462,463; reference to loss of, 473, 474,475, 487; enemy near, 512. Nbgaret, Bernard de, Seigneur de la Valefcte, elder brother of following, Governor of Salaces, 4 {p. 4); expected at Paris, 348 (p. 838), 457, 465, eomeg to Paris, 472 (p, 460); to be created knight of order of Saiut-Esprit, 518 (p. 509). , Jean, Louis de, Seigneur de la Valeite, Duke of Epernon, b5l fastened on door of, 4 ( ^ . 3 ) ; rumour of' hearfc-tmrnihg' between Duke of Maine and, 74 (p • 68); I?reneh ling wishes Princess of Beam to marry, 179; French Idng wishes to bestow King of Navarre's governments on, 309 0^208); accompanies King to AuTergna, 248; wishes to go as Admiral of new fleet against Spaniards, 348 (p. 384); dines with French king, 896 (p. 892); present »t Saloedo's exeoution, 423 (p. 414); buys, diamond, 433 (p. 415); mentioned, 441; Bishop of !l»nde employs favour of, to obtain chancellorship from Monsieur, 442; at Court, 457; sap Saleedo's accusations are hufe Monsieur's inventions, 484; fishes ta marry Duke of AumSfo'S sister, 518; to he erea-tsd knight of order of gftiafc-EspTit, 518 (p. 509)."

GBNEBAL INDEX.

607

Noiay, Noyae; Marshal de Rotz'a house, King; Norris or Norreys, John—oont. taken prisoner by mutinous soldiers, goes to, 467. 151, 160; soldiers suppose him to JTordheim, letter dated at, 415. detain their pay, 164; some of comNonsuch, ' Hunohis,' 108; answer to Preach panies of, go over to enemy, 169; 'de ambassador's message at, 200; referHorreys,' in command of cornet of horse, ISO; disagreement between ence to letter from, 327. Morgan and, 190; his conduct towards ...letters and documents dated at, 172 his captains, 191; Eogers wishes him 274 (1). to write on his behalf, 194 (p. 195); reconciled with his companies, 203 Normandy, John Dowes journey into, 75; (p. 203}; reference to letter to, from Duke of Guise sending powder to ScotWalsingham', 214; comes to Dunkirk, land from, 85 (p. 81); companies of 232; reference to letters from, 227 ; soldiors levied in, 91; Oobham sends sent by Monsieur towards enemy's into, 114; footmen of, at Camhr&sis, camp, 227 (p. 228); aecaaations made 118 (2>. 118); Monsieur's reiters against, touohing pay for troops, 227 aclvancingfrom, 126 (p. 128); Elisabeth {p. 229); Monsieur commends, for •wishes Governor in, to repress Ai-meTalonr in skirmish at, Berghea, 2S4 ville, 127; House of Guiae assembled (p. 237;; reference to good offices of in, for special O0ii8ultation,1430. 141}; Enollys to, 237 (i>, 241); reference to Lord Hamilton intends to go to, 150 money matters of, 243; clears (p, 151); House of Guise in consultahimself of slander, 259, 278; tion in, 151 ; French veasel taken by in great oredit with Sloissieur nnd English off coast of, 168; governments Prince of Oraagor230 ( ^ 272);. defers of Mailleraye and d'O in, to be bestowed paying his debt to John Oobhatn, 281; on Joyettae, 209 (g. 208); proclamation Knollys oontinuee good offices towarde, made in, forbidding trade with Spain, 283; enemy skirmish with, 294; 238; Count Brissae arrives in, 300; mentioned, 800; does valiantly in troops in, laying waste oonntry, 333; skirmish before Ghent, 802 {£. 295), Cardinal of Bourbon holds Provincial 303, 304; deals hardly with John Council in, 465. Cobhaoi, 305; torelieveLooliem, 311; , Viae-Admiral oL jSw.Moy, Jacques > reference to letter from, 819; reference to hia valour in skirmish before Ghent, de. 320; at Lochem, 325; reference to conHoneys, —, leader of English mutineers at troversy between John Oobham and, 8, Ghent, 514. 335; goes to relieve Loohem, 386; Norris or Nbcreys, Edward, son of Lord Norrisj reference to noble behaviour of, in cousin to Doyley, sent to Walemgham, retreat into Ghent, 337; relieves Lochem, 359, 363; Kogers wiahes 180 (p. 180), 184; to report toW&laingWalsingham to write to, on his behalf, ham on state of English troops, 185; 366; comes to Antwerp. 377 (jp. 376); takes letters to Walsingham, 192, 206. controversy bet ween John IJobham and, :.., , letter to, 196. 390; States of Guilders and PrieBland .wish, to remain among them, 302; Henry (probably mistake for Edward), Knollya with, 394; can trust nono of 206,455. hia followers, S94 (p. 889); reference , , Henry, Lord Harris of Ryeot, father to news sent by, 404; invites Monsieur and Erinoe of Orange to a supper, 405, of following, YiUiers refers to his 406; deals hardly with John Cobham, friendship with, 99; mare sent to, 414: Eogers wishes, to write on his instead of to Walsingham, 120. behalf, 416 (p, 408); Monsieur makes „., John, Colonel, in command of English muoh ot, 428; called to council of troops in Low Countries, commanded to States-General, 489; reference to letter oome to camp at Ghent, 18; Doyley in from, 465; Monsieur reinforces eharge of his affairs in Antwerp, 30} companies of, in Aloet, 468; English mentioned, SI, 39, 55; hoped for, to troops of, go toward* Brussels, 460, suooourOadenarde, 69; mentioned, 70; mentioned, 462, 470; reference to hoped for at Ghent, 79? his troops relief of Sieeuwyk by, 473; solicits embark for Handera, 85 (p. 79); Monsieur for money for bis regiment, awaited at Ghent, 93; arrives at the 491; reference to letter from, 501; Sag, 96; to pin his force with &T. de Kjmllys' will delivered to, 523; Boehepot, 98, 95; his troops join c&mp Bandolph discontented witih, 526. at Antwerp, 110; mentioned, 118 ., ...."letters and despatches from, [p. 117}; Gtuelderiand likely to be lost through departure of, US {p. 119) 5 119,120, 184,195,196, 221, 377, 396, Berle's commendation of, 118 (p. 120); 376, 887, 413, 492, 500, S3©. Monsieur will nofr allow to be General, , , letter to, 165. 118 (g. 120); to Tse superseded by „ , Mitrjorie, wife of IJorfl Horria, EoohepDt and Villers, 120; mentioned, 135 (p. 127), 147; Stokes fears a (taagafcer of liord Williams o£ X quarrel between Frenchmen and, 147; 99?

GENERAL INDEX. Horth, John, osemng in State*'' army, 9; 'Mesaire Johan, Baron de Horfz,' commission from' Anjou to, to raise men in England, 39; mates preparations to levy companies, 55; gives out speeches against Worris, 70; soldiers under, mutiny, 118 (p. 121); withdraws injarions words spoken against Norris, 119; at St. Bernard, 136 (p: 137}; compnnies of, mutiny, 143 (p. 140).: colonel of English infantry at -Dunkirk, 175 ; captain of regiment of, slain before Ghent, 302 (p. 296). Northumberland, Earl of. See Percy, Henry. Norway, reference to English trade in parts beyond, 651. STotre-Dame, church of, in Paris, oatii administered to Swiss Ambassadors at, 494; French sovereigns go in solemn procession to, 507. Notre-Dame-de -Cilery, French kino passes by, Nofere-Dsume-de l'Espine, on frontier of Lorraine, French ting intends to go to, 465,494 (p. 484). Notre-Batne-de Hal, near Brussels, French thoaghfc to be going to surprise, 363. Nott e-Dame-de Liesse, in Piaardy, ting intends to go to, 441 Cjp. 434), 457, 472. Notre-Raine-de Puy, 'Pue,' in Anrergne, SVeneh ting goes to, 248. None, Francois de in, M. de Saiw-'I^gef receives post of, 139; wished Williams to accompany him into Fiaaders, 191', small hope of redemption of, 840; Iffme de la Notre -writes to "Waisingham concerning, 342; might be put to death if Saleedo should be executed, 348 (f. 339); news of, 448; le Brinnen refers to WWsingham's kindness fo, 483; Duke of Guise promises to help, 484. ,., Odetde la, Sietir de Teligny, son of above, with Eoehepot, 111; mentioned, 154; in command of enrnet of horse, 180; mentioned, 101; death of, contradicted, 488. , Mxae la See Lure, Marie de. Novgorod, 145. No^, Pierre de In, Mlled in battle off the Azores, 218. . Ifoyelles, Paul de, brother of, following failure of his enterprise ng&fiistBouohain, 85 (p. 80); said to have betrayed Mechlin, 239. „.., Ponee ds, Seigoenr de Bonrs, brother of above, betray* Mechlin, 28ft; statement of pay of companies ander. 328. nfe, William, Irishman, Geoghaganleaves Paris in company of, SvT (p. 895); goes towards JJeme, 423 (p 415;; Seoghagan promises to leafey 437. oia, Papal, in Eranoe, See OostellL sf. Dr ffeotor, c the doctor,* reference to news sent 'bjt 317; SBgDsh translation of Coanfc vimJtoso'B"confession in hand of, 883 (2), ;. . , ...„.„., letters from, 240* 38®, 893.

Nunez, Stepbens refuses to pay debt to, Venero, 45, Nuremberg, 0-ilpin goes to, 158 ; poet of, 489. KjinEgen, in (Juelderland, garrison of, defeats enemy at iiimburg, 157; Maas and " Ebine defended by people of, 315 (p. 309); States' forces about, 376; reference to letter written by Lesieur from. 416 (p. 407); held for Monsieur, 438 (2). Nynoort, Herr von, defeats enemy in Limburfj, 157.

0 O, Fi-aneojs d', giear de Eresnes, one of the King's minions, Queen Mother and Queen of Navarre lodge at ioojse of, 62 (p. 52); government of, in Normandy, fo be bektowed on Joyeuse, 209 (p. 308); news of battle of Azores sent to Qneen Mother Ly, -26G; to be betrothed to Villeqniers dijuehter, 396 (p. 892). -. . Oatlftttds, letter dated at, 298. Ooagne, — captain in army fo r Don Antonio, 95, I1C Odeeeajoo, Signor, sent by Pope to King of Spain, 106. , Ogelby. James, Lord, might be stirred up to favour d'Anbigny's patty, 472 Ohain, d'. See Hinlcaert. Oldenburg,'Owderaburgh,' English soldiers mutiny on mareh to, 161. Oldetwel, Herman, citizett of Lubeot, King of Denmark writes concerning. 103, 282. OJdenzaale, 'Oldersieel,' in Frieshnd, Verdugo at, 315 (p. 309); 'Onldaeel,1 enemy sends artillery Id. 337 (p. S27j; held for King of Spain, 438 (2;. Olivares, Count, Spanish Ambassador m Bome, goes with BukB of Florence to Pisa, 113 (p. 111). Ollinville, [ Dollenville,1 King's house near Paris, 74 (p. 67); French king at, 869, 398, 408. Olonne, ' d'Olono,' nephew of Diego de Botelho arrives at. 498; Captain Soalin returns to. MS, Ontbon [gy. Union], Paulmyei expresses his obligation to, 161. ' .. ' Oporto, oompanies of, departing toirards Tereeraa, 112, 148; Porto, Dote of Alva's son, receives government of, 478. Orange, Prince of. See Naudan, William of. • ....Princess of. See Bourbon, Charlotte, de.

Oresnnd, roada of, English ships stayed in, 398. Olio, JheHpe de, ship of, ptandered by paople of Eftlmouth, 289.

&ENEBAL

INDEX.

609

Orleans, Henri d', Dofcs of Longueville, French Oudenborg, ' Qdenbourghe,K Erenon army king to lodge at houseof, 369. comes to, 493. Orleans, Englishmen go to, 333 (j>. 824), Overyssel, deputies from, expected at Ghent, fugitives licensed to dwell at; 349; 260; dismayed T>y loss of Steentvyl, Frehoh king at, 368, 369. „ 474. Orma!, — d', captain in army for Don Antonio, 95, Ovren, John, oorporal in States' army, 268, , —, NnBez viiftts, 393. Cteborne, Edward, Alderman, delivers bill to Leicester, for debt due to Herle, 85 Owtred, Ughtred. Henry, of Southampton, (p. 80); Elizabeth writes to JJrenoh Knollys gives Breton ship to, 280 ting on behalf of, 141; ship of, taken (p. 272); ships of, plunder Spanish ship by people "of Malta, 161, 162; Jrench off Newfoundland, 451. king promises to deal with, 173; Osford, Huguenot, formerly teacher of Hebrew, Cot>b.am deals for deliverance of ship Chaldee and Sjriao at, recommended by of, 210; Brenoii king-writes to Pope on ' lEauvissiere to Walsingham, 72. behalf of, 211 (a); Pope gives order for Oye. country of (Pas-de-Galais), ITrenoh troops release of ship of. 332. to pass through, 143 (p. 189); reiters •Osembroug' [qy. Osnabruek]; Herr van, spoil country between St. Omer and, Steward and Councillor of Jiiliers, 438. 151. Osquer^ue, See Anquerque. Ostend, French soldiers placed in, 258; enemy's forces may lie near, 475. Osuna, Duke of. See (Hron, Pedro. Ouches, P. des, wishes to buy English dogs, 168, Paeheeo, Anthony. Portuguese t, , letter from, 174. . " • signs bond to Captain Kenne, 462. Ond'enarde,-enemy before, 0,14,15; people of ,.., Jacob Vieira, Portuguese merchant, Menin destroy powder and shot sent by I signs bond to Captain Ketme, 4S3. Malcontents, to, 17; Parma's troops sent to Hamnr from, 18 (p. 18); i .......... Jerome, Portuguese merchant, signs ordnance to be placed in trenches at, bond to Captain Kenne, 462. 28; muster of soldiers and burghers in, Padilla, Pedro de, in army for Tereeras, 112. 29; Malcontent foroe before. 30; enemy Paget, Charles, Cobham receives letter from, begin to assault, 31; people of, slay 852.; Cobham speaks with, 854; messenger from Parma, 32; siege of, intends to go to Some, 397 (p. 395). 43, 53 (p. 45), 55, 69, 79; letters sent Pagett, William, tries to sell book written by to IJords of Ghent from. 81; Wdrris's English minister »t Middelburg, 271, troops hoped for, for relief of, 85 (v. 79); siege of, 92, S8, 99, 100, Paige, William, the ' Post' takes letter from Herle to Walsmgham, 143 ($. 141). 102 O-99), 109, 110, 111; Herle .., son of above, drowned, 48& senSs = platfc' of, to Elizabeth, 116 (p. 116); UorriB hopes to relieve, 119; Paleota, 'Paleofcto,' Gabriel Cardinal, visits all forces to be employed for relief of, Duke of iSavoy, 118 (p. 111). 121; Monsieur auditing army from Iranoe to snocour, 125; siege of, 126, Paland, Herr van, Kammermeister and Councillor of Jailers, 438. 134, 135, 137 (i>. 134); in great necessity, 138, 139 ; terms for capitulation Pallavicino, Fabriaio, brother of following, 48 ; released from prison, 87, 88; of, 140; news of loss of, brought to reference to imprisonment iof, IDS ; Ghent, 142; capture of, by Parma, Horatio hopes to leara something of 143, 146; Parma's tramp at, sent to affairs of, at Borne,. 234. Br&velines, 147; reference to dopy of ., «., Horatio, meroh&nfc, debt due to, 40; capitulations of. 151; burgesses of, Cobham welcomes in Pans, 5? ; town won to enemy by practice. 151 (p. 163)| . of Antwerp demands money for, 80 ; reference to loss of, 157, 158, 164, Oobham receives money from, for Mr. 180 (pA&>), 1*2, 188 <#. 185), 186, Ohampernowne, 114 (p. H4), 152; 203; Parnra's army at; 175; States' reference to inooey from, 158 ; csmp near, 283, 284; enemy retires to, Xiongston has speech, with Alostanns 294; Parma arrives at, 396; States' touching interest for, 197; reference camp between Ghent and, 802 (p. 395) j to packet for, 264, 276 ; ean give enemy slain in encounter before Ghent, information eonceming Galvi, 396 taken to, to be bnrietf, 308; enemy's (jB.393) ; Merchants Aaventurers fear camp near, 804; those wounded before Barest for debts dneto, 428; mentioned, Ghent retire to, 347; enemy Iwings 4&&; said to have piaoea of cloth of . cannon from, to Hinove, 475; enemy gold, 563. re&eg towards, 502; enemy near, 512, , ...,„..,, letters from, 1, 48, 88, 88, 581. • ." . .. 108,212,323,224. Governor of. See Boren, Mte3.endk Psll Mall, ' Payfo Mayle,' ganje of, Van der. ' . king plays, 396. 16077 2Q

GENEKAL

610

, 'Pallet,' 'Paillette,' Peter, Swift utters calumnies against, 430. Paluel, ' Pallshell,' STormandy, 75. Pamele, castle of, in Oudenarde, Parma proposes to place gairison in, 140. , Sieurde. SeeJjoahiapua.. Panama, voyage of, 385. Panealier. Charles (?), Count, counsellor of Bute of Savoy, his death, SSI. Parazen tie Corvo, Isiand of, Kenne at, 469. Pardieu, Valentine, Seigneur de la IVIotte, sent to Oudenarde with summons to surrender, 81; report of his death, 160; very ill, 252; statement of pay of regiment of, 328; King of Spain bestows Order of the Bed Gross npon, 493. Pardin, Perdini, Captain, commanding the French soldiers on board .English vessels for Bon Antonio, 95, 115 (p. 115); Btarta from Roehelle, 187; arrives at Tereeras after battle of Azores, 365 (2>. 364); comes to Paris from Terceras. i 498. | Paris, John Poiale banished from, 41; PaHavicino at, 48; Sehomfcerg places unioorn's horn in hands of those of mtiison de vilU of, 64; officials of, examine Jehan (Jower, 66; reference to letters from, 83; mentioned, 86; Nicholson brought up in, 89; Italian friar imprisoned for imperious proceedings against Franciscans in, 136 ; copy of Welsh letter sent from Lyons to, 137. General of Franciscans will not resort to, without King's leave, 150 (p. 161),- Prince of Geneva imprisoned at, 162; Pallavioino hopes to buy present for Elizabeth in, 214; 1 paroelg of money made up in, for Monsieur, 223; plotters against King apprehended in, 227 ; M, du Plesais goee to, 343; mentioned, 387; news from, 302; Englishmen go to, S38 (p. 334); Spanish agent's courier robbed by Monsieur's horsemen near, 348; fugitives licensed to dwell at, 849; • Oalvi ordered to depart from, 396 (p\ 893); Boni refers to his retnrn to, 408Craise soldiers hope to be employed in, a i l ; Swiss ambassadors coming to, 441 . 434); news from, 483; Swiss ambassadors arrive at, iM, ,.,.,.,., letters and dispatches dated at, S, 4,

&2|SS>34 S3, «j, 37, 50,54, 57, 59 61, 63, 74,88,84,86, 87, 88,102,108 113,114,1 U8, m, MB,9 18i ^ l 188 5 0 ; i205 S

? ' III 13, £?• H ' 239.^' 330, SH6» ^ 5 , 226,

25% 255 256 257 « £ , 4,331, 3UB, 3S3, 839,340, 842 m S44, 8*8, m, 35*. S6B S56 m, 863, m, m> 371, S78,38S 886 S95 m> §99,408, 409,41S 419 420 4 ^

423, m,mlm,m

til M4 ml

INDEX. Parlement of Paris, extract out of Begister of, decreed against John Poiale, 41; French king sends letters to, 287; mortgage of Monsieur to Duke of Ferrara. to be confirmed by King in, S69 .f Dnke of Lorraine wishes Salcedo'sexaminations, to be understood by,. 396 (p. 392); President of, condemns Salcedo to death, 423 (jp. 414); King resolves to make new edicts for obtaining money at next session of, 441 (p. 434); reference to judgement pronounced on Salcedo in, 465; King wishes certain edicts to be accorded him by, 494 (p. 484). Parliament of England, Elizabeth refers question of her marriage to, 607 (p. 498). Parma, Giraldi's son goes to, 399. Parma, Prince of. See Farnese, Alexander, , Puke of. See Farnese, Ofcta-via. Duchess of. See Margaret. Parry, Dr William, recommended to Cobham . by Walsingham, goes to Lyon$, 352. Parson, Thdmaa, of Poole, takes Breton ship, 168. Pasena, Ambrosio, reference to letter to, 45 •CP.40). Pasqnier, 'lions. Mava.' secretary, brings complaints of English pirates, 324. Pasgi, M. de. See Spifame. Pan, Duke of Savoy's ambassador confers with •Princess, of NaYarre at, 348 (p. 339). Panhnys, Pieter, eschevin of Antwerp, 543. Pauhnier, M. de. See Voyer. . Paulmyer, Claude, latter from, 161. Paulo, Cobhwn's Italian messenger, 179, 287 {p. 280), 324, 4fi6. Paynter, servant to Walsingham, 264, 267 ; de Pena. sands request Ijy, 269; mentioned, 276, 287 (p. 280.) Paz, Pedro de, statement of pay of Spanish companies under, 328. Pecook, 'pecoque' —, demands money from Zubiftur, fill-. Pellioart, Captain, with Brissao at battle of Azores, 353 (i>. 348), Pels, Bartolomena, Colonel of Antwerp, 548. Pembroke, Barl of. See Herbert, Henry, Pena, — de, letters from, 256, 269, 360, 468, 542. Peanaehij Eogeaio, aOjpriofc, wishes Elizabeth to help release his kinsfolk from Turks, 62 (p. 54); Walsingham dissuades his coming to England, 77 (p. 73). Pease, Eranoois, killed in battle of the Azores, 213. Pera, in Turkey, artisans of, appear iatournament.at Constantinople, 178 (p. 176). .......... le tigne di, letter dated at, 178. Percy, Henry, Earl of Northumberland; reference to fctswrectioB of, 149i wishes Ma eon to return to England, 869. v, Hoary, JaotA, -son of above, visits Ochham, 869.

GENERAL Peres, Pantaloon, Portuguese merchant, signs bond to Captain Kenne, 452; witness to depositions against Kenne, 469, 'Perrador,' Sec Dor. Perrenot, Antony, Cardinal Chranville, letters of, intercepted by Monsieur's horsemen, 348; servant of, goes to Scotland, 858; to be 'chief general dealer' for Spanish king in Italy, 465, 4G4 Peirenot, Eranotsoo Count of Santa Cruz (sie) in army for Xeroeras, 112 (See following)" Perrenot, Francois, Count of Chantonnay, nephew to Cardinal Granyelle, marries Mile do Carnavalet 114 (p. 113). Perrenotj Frederick, Baron de BBnaix, Seigneur de Champagny (FrancheComt£), pot in irons iti connection with Saloedo's plot, 203 (p. 203), 204, Perrot.. 'Parrafc,' Sir John, orew of ship taken by Knollys appear before. 280 (p. 272). Perrot, M., one of Monsieur's Connoil iit Law, present at Saloedo's examination, 323 : questions Salaedo, S96 (p. 392). Persia, troublesome news comes to Constantinople from, 178 (p. 178) reference to peaae between Turks and, 209 (p. 209), 468, 471. Persians, defeat Turks, 288; Russians encourage, to continue Turkish wars, 266; war between Turks and, at ah end, 383 (p. 324); besiegingTiflis, 357; treaty between Tnris and, said to be broken, 467; peaoe continues between Turfc* and, 494 (p. 486). Peru, fleet of, 365. Pesoara, Marquis of. See Avalos. Peter, Bobert, in Williams' company, 263, Petrarch, Ccm, sri, I. 65, quoted, 406, Betfcm. See Pitgen. Pettingall, Samuel, books of, sent over by Cobham; makes recantation at Borne, 33 (p. 30). Pfalzburg, letter dated at, 429. „, Xiodewjofc (Jean Ludovieus), of Imcerne, Colonel, commanding Oatho- ; Jio party in Switzerland, 37; persuades 1 Catholics to aid Pake of Savoy against ; €tejiev», 102; ambassador to Paris, j 519. j Philip II, ting °i Sipstin, news from, 2 1 ; • Colonna to be general for, over Italian forces in Hetheriands, 38; search for , jSngUshman la Antwerp servifig) 30; j said to hav« sent English Jesuits to j lesideia Bimse, 33 (jp, 29); Cobham j wishes tit be buried amoag those who j opposing, 87; Meii&om wishes to aranioate afiaira of, to Ui!aabetl», Eranoisoo de Venero considers

INDEX.

611

Philip H, king of Spain—eont. that his brother's debts ought to be paid by, 45; Castillo consults, about Drake's piracies, 52; French king and queen consider that Elizabeth, only serves Monsieur to be revenged on, 54; cooks .sent to poison Bon Antonio a,t instigation of ministers of, 59; Jehan (Jower goes to !Bome try order of, 6fi; landskneehte come into Friealand to serve, 70; saiA to liave got up enterprise against Qeneva, 71; has settled his government peaceably in Portugal, 85 (i>. 78}; said to be coming to Low Countries, 85 (%>• 81); troops levied in Burgundy for service of, 86; goes to Almerin with Empress, 86 {p, 84); people of Tourney, Lille, Courfcray, and Armentieres, swear to be true to, 98; people of Bruges to renounce, 96; levies landskreohts in Tirol, 99; King of Kvanre said to be going to ' make lame'eneroaohmentsof, 109; Catholics in pay of, at Lucerne, agree to help Puie of Savoy, 102; Pope sends speoial ambassador to, 106; said to be attending with unwonted diligence to affairs in Handera,. 108; Papisteantons corrupted by money from, 113; levies companies for Tereeiras. 113 {'$. Ill); Bon Antonio hopes to do some enterprise to prejudice of, 114; mentioned, 138 {p. 129), 140; creates various viceroys in Italy, 143 (p. 140); note of numbers of army of, embarked for enterprise of Ides of '^arzeras,' 148; mentioned, ICO (p. 159); governor chosen in Portuguese Indies in name of, 150 (p. 151); will 'make agreathole' in Netherlands unless help ootties from EVance or England, 151; Pake of Savoy deeply ia confederation irith, 162; arms of, taken down at .Bruges, 160; said to be arming for ITlanders, Sootland or Ireland, 175: King of Hayarre wishes to make war on, 179; said to be going to propose great matter at Diet for h» interest in Low Conntri6a3 181 (p. 181); Monsieur in possession of some portions of dominions of, 188 (p. 184); men of Boehello helpiDoji Antonio against, 187; SalceSt* receives money from Parma on behalf of, 192; fingers supposes him willing to set him at liberty, 194; Prince of Orange grants reguest of, touching Solienlj, I&S; H?renob.Mng promises to declare war against, if Elisabeth will many JHonsieur, 500; proceedings oi. agaiast Monsieur, 203; Don Antonio iu&es ships of, 309 (p 208); hope* to espel Monsieur from MtnSeK), 309 { p. 20©); list of Hited anfl wounded in armj of, 21S; meationed, 21V (l>* 216}; aifmy of, preparing at I M » B , 286; Doieof S»v«y serry for advieo fekea feom5 226; said to Tbe gsing to pay Aloaso's wvaom, 2S7 if, 230); JElbsitoa idfi Monsieur will sot be able to hia cnt.erprisea •-'igairtKt, 229;

612

GENERAL

INDEX.

Philip U, king of Spain—eoiit. ' '. . . PhHip II, king of Spain—cant, of Portugal to Spain found necessary to, Bellievre and Bralart said to have gone 386,; Jesuits take side of, at Terceras, to Monsieur to procure treaty of accord 393; eaid to have stirred up people to •with, 230 f army of, ready to embark hinder Monsieur, 397; Elizabeth towards ftcreeitas, 230; sends letters refnseB to be left alone to wrestle with, to MliS of Flushing, 234 (p. W): 402; letters from Prince of Parma to, letter fopm, to Parma, intercepted, 284 intercepted, 406; Duke of Savoy likely (p. 238); said to be going to give j to be aided by, 419 ; people of. Terceras Low Countries in dowry with his I disposed to surrender to, 423 (-p. 415); daughter to Emperor, 334 (p. 238}; ( Count Ootavio Landi dislikes, 424 practises treason against towns in | (p. 417); Earl of Arenberg ambassador Holland, 235; sends letters to bailiff from, at Uiefc of Augsburg, 438; note of of Flushing, 237 (P- 341); citizens towns in IiowCoutitriesheldf or, 438(2); of Lierre swear fidelity to, 238; Pope wishes to preserve peace between Parma writes on behalf of, to order French king ;ind, 441 (p. 434); King Bogers's release, 239 (1); Elizabeth of MaViHTe wishes French ting to •wishes to avoid all quarrel with, 248 ; annoy, 442; King of Sweden offers Don Antonio said to h»ve published help "to, 443; del Bene wishes Queen declaration against, in France, 347; Mother to make a union to break King of Kavorre wishes to recover his power of, 444; ships belonging to, kiMgdom from, 250; has many friends plundered by English at Hewfoundland, in France, 253; soldiers raised in 451 ; speech in Low Countries of war ]&ls£ssen in name of, 260; tries to take • between French king and, 454; Bergamo, 26&; French king will be in mentioned, 461; Cardinal Granvelle to peril if Low Countries recovered by," be agent for, in Italy, 465; orders 375; said to have been made Duke of ships to be built in Biscay, 471; Savoy's heir, 383; reference to money Buarte de Castro said to have promised owed to Zubianr by, 285; reference to ministers of, to betray Don Antonio, iltiKMs of, 286; Queen Mother does not 472 (p. 460); grants Biseayans certain wish to appear at enmity with, 287; . privileges, 427 (p. 461); Pope allows, references to victory of Don Antonio's to impose double tenths on certain fleet over fleet of, 2S3; Villiers fears . oommauderies, 478; French king all will be undermined by, 300; said to would he willing to join forces with llave been much taken aback by IOSB of Eliztheth again, if marriage with island of St. Michael'a, 300; 3Prenoh Monsieur takes place, 479; troubled king supposed to be going to make by Portuguese affairs, 480 (i>. 471); accord with, underhand, 302 (p. 295); report that two daughters of, to be Elisabeth supposed to be a party given in marriage to Emperor and against, 302 (p. 297), comparison Archanke ErneBtns, 480 {p. 472); between receptions of Monsieur and, Bake of Savoy may marry daughter of, at Ghaut, 305; Count of Arenberg 482; mentioned, 493; receives damage incites States of Empire to take up arms from SeUgions vrede, 496; seeks to for, 810 (p. 306); camp of, before marry his sister-in-law, 497; reference Iiochem, 315 (p. 308); mentioned, to conspiracy of, against Don AntOJiio, 317; saiti to have commanded Parma 498; wishes Bishop of Cologne to be not to spare lives of those who have "removed, 500; French king offers to taken oath against Mm, 321; statehelp Elisabeth against-, 607; States ment of monthly pay of soldiers have not sufficient power to continue serving, in Iiow Countries, 328; war against, 507 O- 496); reference fleet of, said to have been defeated, 338; to possibility of attack on Engmeatioaecl, 340; Scottish gentlemen land by, 508 (p. 500), 509 ; receive pensions from, 345 (p. 335); everything done in Paris to suit afisirs raises money for war in. Flanders, 347; I oF, 515; thinks to marry daughter of •wishes Bis daughter to marry Bnke of j Duke of Braganza, 518 (#.509;; extorSavoy, 348 Qi. $38); does not wish tions done to subjects of, by French Sa-lemJotebeputtoteth, 843(^.339); j pistes, 531; troops of, in' Low (MspaifcebeEr from, t6 Hariris of Santa f Countries, much diminished, 529; Cr»» captured by Fuenoh fluefc, 353 I Papists in Low Countries deske, for {». Mf); Bonds to Scotland to make their io*d, 535; supposed practice of, ailisnoe with. King andfi'Aubigny,868; against Elizabeth, 538; Elisabeth does sends news of Sfcrozai's defeat to Paris, not wish to irritate, 540; mentioned, 86S; Rogera Hot free from detentioa 545 <sf, SC©; sitb|eefes of, from Kteidera, to leava franoa, 869; men of, thought; to be BtirriBg up strife in Stanee uader- Philip, Prince of Spain, son of afcoye, to be hsud, 872; JVeneb. Hug makes com" sworn Prinae of Aragoa, 478; news 6i piaiafe a^iiuat, Ijefore Senat* of Venice, death of, 487, 610, 518 (p. 609). 381; ttounfc ¥imioso the occasion ef .Phillips (probably Thomas Phelippes), Do» Aatojiio's not Heaguiag himself Wal*Ingh»t&'s servant, 162, 188. wife, SaS (I} ; meationfedj M 5 ;

INDEX. Piottrdy, ensigns gathered in, by Monsieur's ' orders, 43, 7 5 ; BelH&vre makes diffi- I culty for passage of reiter3 through, 85 (p. 81); companies under Crevecceur go through, 91; French forces said to be oome into, 109, 187; Prince Dauphin repairs to his troops in, 323; horse gathering in, 331, 33S; companies on frontier of, consigned to Biron, 438 (p. 415); French king goes fco various places in, 457. Piccolommi, Alfonso, slaya Jacomo Viteili, 74 j {p. 68); likely to be employed ia wars I against <3enoTB, 160 (p. 150); to be restored to hislands, 472 (JJ. 461). Pie, M. de, colonel of French at Bruges, put to flight by enemy, 501Piedinont, Swiss Papists march through to join Duke of Saroy, 150 (p. 150). .Piedro d'Oro. See Dor. Piedt, David Tan de, esckevin of lower tench in Ghent, 284. Piere, John, in Williams' company, 263. Pierre, M. de la, ' Deperes/ corporal of the field at Dunkirk, 175: governs camp in absence of Boohepot and Yillers, 205, 208; not in command jn encounter before Ghent, 802 (j>. 298); ' Iiapsire/relieves Loohiem, 859; in land of Wast, 477. Pierreoonrte, M. de. SeeMoj, Jacques de, Pierreponfc, 3rl, de Puygaillard near, 348 (p. 338). ' Pigafetta; Philippo, of Vioenza, 'Vinsentia,' wishes to visit England, 366, 339. Piggot, Captain, besieged in KinoYe3 462. Pinart, Glaude, Sienr de Ganxailles, Baron of Vsllois, French Secretary of State, Cobhata applies to, to Bhcw diamond to Erenoh iing, 24; mentioned, S3 (p. 29); speaks to Cobham's servant about Elizabeth's marriage, 54; reference to speech of, to Cobham's servant touching Elizabeth's marriage, 77 (p. 71); Cobiam directed to confer • With, touching Elizabeth's marriage, 101; mentioned, 113; Gobham writes to, touching marriage, 114 {jp. 113); OotnaDi to write to, eoncernhig ArraeTille, 137; confers with Ftenoh ling snd Oobham on Elizabeth's marriage, 150 (p. 149); mentioned, 173; Oohhoai refers to his conference with, 179 ; mentioned, 210 f ^i. 211}; resorts to CobhsHB. Sm (p. S33); mentioned, 230, 346; brings messages | fro Oobhaai fro«ni ftenoh king and | .348); mentioned, 348, M& 268, 288 (i>. 381); 298,' 324, 848 {p. 840), 3S3; Cobham to diaooTCT inclinations of Fremsh king aad ooeen by means of, 3§7 (f. 355); mentioned, 368; sundry opinions of Jong abwnee of, feom Court, 48%; meattonea, 443, <3K% 4S$; eonfors -tritk Cobhiua, ^ 0 ; mentioned, 497, SOT {#, 4S6); visite Oobham, 517,630, Sirift<s in Britanny, MflTWiaai&r© w i t e sllips ftom, to b* restored Bi,

•618-

Pisa, Count Oliyares goes to, US { # ) ; 'Pissani,' gBQfclemen of, apprehended Ijy Ingaisition, 518 (p, 509), Pitgen, Pettin, English intend to camp at, 154. Pixotto, Pedro, in command of Spanish fores in Azores, 353 O>. 847). Planfca, Monsignov de, from Qotteshaus Bunfl, aiabaasador to Erenoh king, 61S, Plato, reference to 'Laws' of, 289. Pleseovia. (? Pskov), reference to siege of, by King of Poland, 145. Plesais, Armand du, the elder, captain in ' a n n y ' for Don Antonio, 95, llfl, ........^ Rattijuia du,.Seigneur de Bichelieu, 'Eoiwselisn,' Grand Prevoit, seizes boois of Elmno Oalvi, 396 (p. 303), 423 (p. 415); apprehends Duke of CHiiae's soldiers, 441, .........', M. dn. Ses Mornay, Philippe de. Plomanea, Olandio de, lieutenant to HT. de Beaumont, killed in battle of the Azores, 21S, Ploton, Laranoe, in Williams' company, S63. Plouren, iJVa-u, Drost ol Bredeforde's son at school in house of, at ' Beta,' 368. Plymouth, Antonio de Castillo arrives at, 56. Poiale, John, late Oonnsellor in the hnvs, extract out of register of Oonrt of Parlement, of judgement, decreed agawsf, 41. .. Poland, King of Sweden complains of injury done to him by States of, 145; Jesuits •nestle apace ' in, 217il>. 217) : Pope jntonda to entangle Muscovite in confederations with ISmperor against, 3S5; refer«noe to Stench ling's return from, 458 ; Qernuans near, mispioions of E n g of, 468. ..,.,,.-., King of. See Stephen. Pollard, Valentine, servant to Hatton, Hautissi^ra entreats Elizabeth to pardon, 58. Ponoe, Pedro, soafcoMarquis oi Santa, Cruz, in 'army' for Kereisras, Jia. Poncttarton, loianoe, in Williams' company, 26^, Pons, CJaptain, pIuadGrB Froaoh merchants, 202. ,',....,.,. Antoinette de, SCurct of Honour to • Queen Mother, «o marry M. de Bochegnyon, 114, t p. 113). Poat-a-Bonvines, troops from Alioie g« to, 118(^.118). Scaiitadeiner, companies asawntilsng at, ©1. Poafc l'Eveque, conjpatties tuasBBibling at,. 91, Paole, Breton -wsael brought to, by English, captainis, 1^8 i I?re»ck werebants conipSainof pirates at, 302, P«pe,fieonaicd..in Wfllimn*' oanipiwiy, 2^S. Poperingbea,' Popsi'en,' enemy tsafd to he <m wsj towards, 186, 180, 100} atKsmy's camp wsnx, 220; sacfesfl by enemyj 235; States' troops aifackfid; aeat, 336; ' b f e 384; S p a t i a *

See

GENEEAL

614

Portugal, iiunour of French army preparing for, 53 (p. 46); cooks sent from, to poison Don Antonio, 59; King of Spain las settled his government peaoeaWy in, 85 (p. 78); Oastflian horsemen to come to frontiers of, 86; Italians and Spaniards collected for, 88; King of Spain preparing ships to defend, 100; mentioned, 107: Spanish troops marching towards, 118(p.Ill); DopAntonio intends to land in, lift; reference to Queen Mother's title to kingdoms of, 132; ship of, rescued by English merchant ship from man-of-war ' Bet forth' by BacqneviUe, 127; mentioned, 128 O 129); Cobham. thinks it doubtful whether Don Antonio will land in, ISC; reference to book touching titles of competitors for kingdom of, 198 j Don Antonio and Strozzi land in, 309 (£. 308); Qaeen Mother's private enterprise on, 212; infantry embarks at HfapFess for, 226; reference to- Queen Mother's right to Crown of, 229 (p, 231); E"renoh king forbids transport of corn.into, 229 (p, 334); Council of State of Law Countries requests Elizabeth that their ships may not be plundered when coming from, 299; referanoa to English embarkations for, 300; reference to King of Spam's wish to be master of, 317; mentioned, 329, 330; news from, 35ftj account of defeat of Krenoli ' iirmy' raised for affairs of, 35S r news from, discourages those in Slanders, 358; Don Antonio's intelligence with, 383; anitiag of, to Spain found necessary to King Philip, 386; Queen Mother preparing ships to help, 423 (p. 115); Crown of, Count de Silva infers to Waleingham's wish for recovery of, 446; Queen Mother wishes to help, 45?-; Queen Mother -spill not admit GKraldi to her presence as ambassador for, 472 (p, 460); Spanish king causes ships and munition of war to be prepared in, 472 Q>, 461); Duke of AW s son to be general of horse in, 478; Spanish kiagcannot possess as he •nron!aj.480(.p. 471); Cardinal Faraese to be protector of, 494 {p. 486); Qneen Xother requests English ships' for, 509, reference to intrusion of Etna of Spain

into, 540.

^

g , Don Francis of, Count of Yimioso, Constable of Portugal, domes to Paris, 59; reference to conference of, with Qtteen Mother, 74 (p. 68); ' Mineonea,' 96; leaves Tours. 114; mentioned, 343 (*>. 839); report of death of, at batSe of Azores, 338, 360; present at council before battle of Assoree, 353 (p. 846); action of, at little of Asiores, 353 (p. 845); his death, 365; referaoee to ' confession" of, 382; declaration of before bm death, 583 (I) j xefatenett to hts aeeount nf fcattle of Asores, 441 (g. 485} j brother of, oomea into ib*, 4(57. l of. Bee 3?orttifflvl. Doa

INDEX. Portuguese, Curavel,rescued by EmanuelltOBi .French man-of-war, 6; reference to suit between Drake and, 56; nobility, leave Tours with Don Antonio, 114; galleons to oarry Spanish army to Terceiras, 148; ship, English Yessel hinders d'Armeville from pillaging, 211 (e)'; league between France and England will give courage to, 239 (p. 232); commissions delivered to French intended only against, favouring Spanish king. 247; merchants, letters from, to Low Countries stayed by French king, 337 (jp. 328); King of KaTarre wishes to hinder Spanish designs against, 372; Don Antonio said to be taking arms to, 383; liberty, Count de Silra refers to Walsiogham's wish for, 446; bond of, to Captain Kenae, 452; arrive at Southampton, 461; at Southampton, depositions in. matter of, 469,' protestation against, brought into England hy Kenne, 481; Don Antonio sails towards Madeira •with, 498; soldiers sent to Madeira, 518 (p. 609). s , Captain Thomas, plunders French merchants, 292, •Posaevino, Padre Antonio, Jesuit, tries to prevent Musoovite ambassador from worshipping in Chreek church in "Venice, 385 ; reference to negotiations of, with King of Poland aod the Muscovite, 530. Posseyre, Peter, in Wilii&ms' company 263. PouEet, Sir Amyas, la Boque well-knowa to, 33, (jp. 39). Power, Henry, in Williams' company, 263, Poyntz,' Bermando, prosecutes Hunz Wouters for debts, 68. Prat, Gaillaume de, Baron du Titeaus, reference to letter concerning quarrel of, with. Fervacques, 55 ; 'Viotrieu,' 70. Pre aux Cleros, the, M. de Oourdon'a nephew slain in, 179. Presburg, Emperor intends to go io, 468. Preston, Bteharti, Colonel of Scuts infantry at Dunkirk, 175! regiment of, 180 {p. 180) ; Jjierre betrayed by unole of, 227 r defeats enemy in skirmish near Monin. 359 ; in command at ilejiin, 377 (i». 375), 439, 493, Prints Edward, Captain, Onsbodio Leitam wishes to receive letter from Elizabeth by hand of, 171Prince Dauphin. See Bourbon, Francois de. JPriae, —, captain in States' army, returning to Englandt 387. Privy Council, Iiordts of, Cobham hopes to answer commands of, touching commissions delivered to Don Antonio, 230, Protestant religion. Prince of Ghimay ombwtoea, 151, 181 (p.. 183), 389; Pope persuades Boie of Savoy to attack those of, 419; Bishop of Cologne declares hirugelf to fee of, 473;

GENEBAL Protestant religion—eont. Caaiinir wiites concerning establishment of, in Empire, 495, 496; people fear some seoret enterprise among Roman prinoes against, 4-99 ; Prinoe of Chimay refers to his profession of, • 506; Archduke Charles commands those of, to depart out of his territories, . 518 (p. 510); those of, in Brussels, do not like what takes place there in regard to the mass, 533, 534; Elector of Cologne embraces, 537. Provence, Grand Prior oL sent to Marseilles, 472 (j?. 472); mentioned, 638. , M, de iM&iaae advises Queen Mother to send troops into, for defence of Avignon, 106 (p. 103); gentlemen of, offer themselves for enterprise of Geneva, 160 (p. 150); Monsieur's companies of, come to frontier of Lorraine, 288 (p. 282)! mentioned. 300; cannon to be made lor, 348 (JJ. 838); reference to practices of King of Spain in, 540. Proverbs and proverbial sayings :— ' Apres la wort, h inidecin,' 185. Sed stw Minervam nan docet, neque noclum Atkenas, 231. Nisi Bominus custodierit civitatcm, etc., 238. Paitata In. forlttwi, gabhato il Saticto, 380 (p. 273). 'A Boland for an Oliver,' 295. I thought "my oafce 'was dongh," 295. 'Halmr mal n'est pas srvnte,' 310 (p. 306). Cui faveo •vineit1 394 (p. 389). ' Sic volo ncjubeo,' 895, Un hel morir tutta, la vita Jionora. (see Petrarch), 406' 'Where the hedge is weai, every man Will over,' 52S. Qvi sciens negat delitum, falivm dlcit tutimonhtm,, B43. See also Cicero; Imoau; Petrawh; Plato. Pruenea, Coia>6liSj eschevin of Antwerp, 548. Pruneani.. M. des. See SorWers, Koch 3es. Prttssia, Duke of. See Albert Frederick. Pryce, Kichard, in Williams'flompaoy,26B. Putte, Baphael Taa den, postmast*)- to merchants' exchange in London, ; molests postmen of Low Connfcries, 342. Buy, Hattheo, killed in battle off the Azores, 213. PuygaUterct, See Llanraont.

615

INDEX.

Quercy, assigned to Queen of Navarre as dowry, 62 {p. 53). Qnesnoy, statement of pay of garrison of, 6, Qninaay, Jean de, governs Monsieur. 110; mentioned, 143 (f. 140); Lesieur brings letters to. 199; commends English, 337(p. 327) ; ' Quinze,' mentioned, 404.

B Bade, — la, Ualde, captain in army for Don Antonio, 95, 115. Bambouillet. M, de. $ee Angennes. Bamerea, John Diego, in army for Terceras, 112. Bamires, Alvaro Perea, Portuguese merchant, signa bond to Captain Kenne, 452. "Bandolphj Avesry, quarrels -with Eorria, B26. BansardB, M. de, iu cojjinmnd of cornet of horse at Ghent 180. Baasenghien, Baron de. See Ctaad, Batoliff, William, Duke of WmiemtBL-g writes letteir of oorameua»tion to Elizabeth on behalf of, 314. Batolyffe, Frances, Countess of Sussex, 'Suaicks,1. daughtei- of Sir William Sidney, helps Sunex in his suit to Elizabeth, 393. ,..., Thomas, Idlttrl of Susses, lord Chamberlain, said to be in arias against Leicester, IS (p. 17); Slendoza refers to Ms letter to, 38 ; mentioned, 101; servant of, urings letter to Oobham, 1B1; mentioned, 867, 483, 488. ,.„ ,...„..., letters to, 7, 21. Bavenna, territory of, to be given by Pope to Gatholic princes, 106. BavensTmrg. Governor of. See Ked. Bawley
• GENERAL Begensburg, 'Beynabourge' on the Danube, inventor of artillery at, 85; reference to trace with lurks at, 198. Begno Sm'vano Iqy. Azerbijan], Persians recover, 347. Behte Btamehe la. See Austria, Elizabeth of. Beineken, Hermann, merchant of Hamburg, signs petition against Saokford, 351. Beligions-vrede, Duke Cstsiniir fears that his party will be excluded from, at Diet, 76; nobility of Guelderland urge, 118 ( p. 119); great stir at Brussels about, 118 (p. 121),-" States hope to entertain MaWntents with, 169; reference to, 496.

•

Baligion, the. See Hngaenots; Protestants. Ben^, M. See Bianqne. Benty, Prince of Parma's forces go towards, S64. Betiiis, Cornell's, eschevin of Antwerp, 548. Bete, Marshal of. See Qondi, Albert de. Bevol, Louis. President, Bent by French king . to Salnces, 4 (p. 3). Bheims, Tresani intends to go to, 50; Jehan Gower at, 66. Bhenen, on the Shine, held for Monsieur, 488 (2). Bhine, the, Count Charles Mansfeldt unable to cross, 315 (p. 309); enemy believed to have passed over, 338, 347, 350; reference to ships captured by younger Baron of Anholt on, 416 (p. 407)," States'foraes pass, 42Sr note of towns held for King of Spain and Monsieur on, 438 (2); plague along banis of, 476Bhinegrave, SVederiok, Connt, reference to Order received by King of Denmark at taaas of, 217 (p. 216). Bhoua, river, 73 (p. 68). Bicsrdo, Captain [gy. Bieharis], Cobham sends to Don Antonio, 540. Bioh, l^ord, 70. Biohardot, President, (Jehas ^russefc), safeconduot for Oudenarde by, 14Q. Bicharda, Captain Henry, oarries letter from Count de Sjlyo. to Walsingham, 446, _.....,...., letter from, 1Q5. Biohebourg, Kisbonrg, a 'Signoiy' in Artois, title of Marquis of, eoaferred by Philip IIonTiscounfeof Ghent. SeeMeinn, Bieheliea. See Bessis, Jraa^ois du, t, Sfcerea, Colonel of Antwerp, 548. am, See Bymesftin. Binsart. —de, to command Monsieur's company of horse-guards, 489. Bipaille, iaenasgembling.it, to attack Gfeneva. 5. . . . Risboorg. See Riehebonrg. Bwo, Josqjho, offers to Tiotual ships from King of Sweden for King of Spain, M2.

•

,

Bivau, — d«, captaW in Ffetu* ffeefc fo^Bon Antonio, 115. Bitiera, Alessie de Ja, killed in battle off the Aaerea, 21S

INDEX. ' Biviere,' castle of, teken-by Boohepot, 413. Biazio. David, Vake of fluis* ndvises King of Soofa to imprison those concerned in death of, 210Bobles. Gtospard de, Seigneur de Billy, state. iaent of pay of regiments under, 338. Roeon, Pietro dells, of Messina, to enter Sicily ivith a view to troubling Spain, S38. Boehefouoanlt, Francois. Gomte de la, leaves Antwerp for France, 9; licensed to levy companies for Monsieur, 74 (i>. 83); preparing levies for Monsieur, 86, 113 (p. I l l ) ; Swiss coming to low Countries under conduct of, 181 (p. 1S2); troops of, pass into Pioardy, 187; troops to ho conducted by, 288 (p. 283); men of, in Picardy, 883; near Gravelines, 487; at Bruges, 493, 498; comes to Antwerp, 514. Boohegoyon, See. Sillyj Henri de. RooheUe, King of Havarre departs from, 4 {p. 3); men of, in great straits (p. 4); mentioned, 18 (p. 17); people of, alarmed7 at slow preparations of army to help Don -Antonio. 81; rnmour of . away preparing in Franee to go to, 53 (p. 46); 62 (p, 52); Strozii advises people of, to haTe regard to safety of, 62 (p. 63); said to have been nearly betrayed by treachery from within, 75; Oaptain Pardin starts from, to aid Don Antonio, 187 i Eari of Leicester's 'footman.' returns to, 288 (•p. 282); French ships about coast of, 348 (p. 338); Captain Pardin arrives at Teroera frith ships from, S65 (p. 364). Boehepofc. See Silly, Antoiue de. Boeourt, Ms dej in command of cornet of horse at Clhent, ISO; Bode? [Aveyron], King of Mavarre offers to sell, to "French king, 179, Bodrigaes, Meiehior, Portnguese merchant, signs bond to Captain Kenne, 4d2. , l?ernan Vis, Bouount of his capture by Kenne, 469. fortress between Lierre aad Xouyain, tafcea by French3 408, 413. Bogers, Amljrose, brother of following, 194 (p. in), 416 (p. 407). .•..„ Baniel, IJeEiear's negotiations touching, 134; hia expenses, 159; Parma refers to letter written % him for re~ lease of, 339 (1); Iiealew writes on behalf of, 252 ; -jaentioned, 339, 297;. DoteCasimir solicits release of, 312; lesieur visits Baron of Anholt on hehalf of, 815 (p. SOS}; Asheby takes letter from Emperor to Dufce of Clones aabsha,]toi,'SW,$2$; Emperor directs Duke of Clares ta release,' 327; reference to aharges for 'diet' of, 353; J*rerayn wishes, to be inelnded in any agreement that may be made with Baron of Anholt, 456, -...., letters from, 194 366,416. .......... John, referenae to embassy of, to Dk SSI

• GENEEAL Bohari, Franchise de; Dame de Garnaehe, Dueheesg of Loudundis, M. Baoqueville seeks to marry, 150 (p. 151). Eoll, J. Jeronimas of, from Solothnru, ambassador to French king, 619, Eomans, Geneva formerly beloved by, 73 Eoinan Catholics, said to be growing strong in England, 18 (p. 17); said to have " some plan in hand to ruin those opposed to them, 31; in Fribonrg and Solothurn join with Bernese to defend Geneva., 37 ; hold Diet at Lucerne, 102 (p. 98); princes, Pope plans offensive and defensive league of, 106 ; cantons corrupted, by money from King PhCip, 113; princes, Fremyn fears aorne great feat may 1» executed on part of, 185; at Augsburg, ^10; reference to sinister practices of, at Augsburg, 463; in .England, pardon from Pope sent to, 497.; people of States fear some secret enterprise among, 499; in Brussels. 634; meetings of, 535. Boman religion, Jehan tS-owep examined on, 66; Bellievre urges to have churches for exercise of, in Low Countries, 85 (p. 81); people of Tournay, Lille, Courtray and Armentieres swear to maintain, 96; (Sower joins insurrection of Westmoreland and Northumberland for love of, 149 j two places granted at Brussels for exercise of, 169; magistrates of Cologne resolve to have no religion but, 260,. 310 {p, 305); William Batcliff professes, 314? Prince of Epinoy a favourer of, 391; Duke Casimir writes concerning subversion of, 495, 495, 496; la papauUi, free ereroise of, granted in certain places in Low Countries, 535. Bomburg, Herr, Councillor ancf 3ftaster of horse to Dnke of Cleves, 438. Rome, Venetian ambassador returns from, 4 (;£>. 4); Pettingall makes reran tutkm at, 33 (p. 30); Prospero Spinota imprisoned at 48; Jehan Qower ordained priest at, 66 ; Pallavicino awaits result of bis man's journey to, 83; news from, concerning Fabrissio PaUavieino, 87, 88; Pope sends courier to, to mtdse league with Catholic princes, 106 (p. 103); reference to imprisonment of Fabrizio Pallavirano and Prospero Spinolaat, 108; none from England to rem&ifi in, eleept in seminaries; 137 [p. 134); Frenchfail of former credit in, 182; wagers laid in, that French king and Honsieur would ' pass great peril.' 179; Hootch" Jesuit; goes to, from Duke of Lenost 210; PaJlavioIno . • hopes to learn somethin" of his brother's affairs at, 224; Shelley refers to his profession made in,.295; Shute in, 332; King of Spain obtains money from, for war in Fiasders, 347: made'bishops (p; 3S9); Cobhwn reoeives letter %>m, j concerning Osborne's fessel, 352; f

INDEX.

617

f Borne—coni. treatment received by Musoovite ambassador in, 385; Paget intends to -go to, 397 (p. 395); Irishmen go to, '•' 423 (p. 415), 437; Giraldi says he is going to, 443; news from, 465, 472 (p. 461); Eu^Ii«h Jesuits at, inform Eiizabeth of practices of Scotland. 485; Prince of Parma sands messenger to, 494 <j>. 485); reference bo Qneen Mother's process judged in, 518; news from, 518 (p. 509); Dominican friar goes to England from, 638. Eoncherolleo, Franjois de, Marquis of Maynevilie, st Norman, chosen by Queen Mother to be seat into Scotland, 39S {p. 392), 423 (p. 414); 'Mitnnymgvyli/ Guise's Wish, to be sent into England. 424; reference to proposal to send, into Scotland, 444, 457; reference feo instructions delivered to, 480 (p. 472). Rofcquillo; Don (j., of Ascoale, in 'army' for T , 112. Eoper, Andrew", servant to Davene; payment made to, 46. Boque, See Seeondat. Boquemorret, • , captain in * army ' for Don Antonio, 95,115; killed in Tbattle off Alwres, 853 (p. 346). Rotpiendoffe, Count, servant of, arrested on suspicion of attempting to murder Eing, 188. Bognetaillade, Hume de Jjaasao, baron of, Danett sends message to Monsieur by, 165; 'Boehertalliado/ returns to France, 477. Rgsendaal, States of Holland oarry victual to, 335. Boses, Alonzo de, in !army'forTerceras, 112. Boss, Bishop of. Bee Leslie, Joan. Bossel, Jacques, of Burgundy, roaster-master and correspondent, complains of having received no consideration of his service, 10, IS; signs muster-roll of Williams' company, 26S; still oSera hia service, 523. 'Eosaelieo,' II. de, ¥Veneh. king's provost. See PleBsis, Francois dn. 'Eossne1 [gu. Bhone], Switzers mareit to rendezvous upon, 18 (jp. 18). Bothes, Earl of. See Leslie, Andrew. Eotis, or des Bones, Dr. Petrusde, 3>oator of Civil t>w in Germany, Gitpin meets at Augsburg, 48&. ...„...., lettera from, 490 £1}, 490 (3)Eouen, John Dowes about to go to, 76 j Spanish merchants of, 66; John Dowes goes to, 9 1 ; letter from mewhanta of, 123; Oobham laoyee Frenah Mag on behftlf of ^ngUa^ meianantB ia, 150 <jp. 149); Earl Boihwell at, 150 (jp. 151): S &>& goes to. 162; mentioned, 162,; Saleedo hanged' in e%y" at, 181 {p. 183;;

618

GENEEAL

INDEX.

Rouen—cont. Kmnelia, people f rom, take part in festiyitie* English merchants delivered from, at Constantinople, 178 (p. 174). 188; Saloedo bora near, 203; Hamilton Eureinonde, Iettare from Italy intercepted at, and Bothwell confer at. 210; Palla- i 85 (p. 81); Italian troops go into vicino sends letter by way of. 223, 224; I (Juelderland by way of, 350; enemy proclamation made in, that no one said to have withdrawn to, 362; held shall trade with Spain, 338; news i for King of Spain, 438 (2). from, 302; petition of merchants of, j .Bishop of, slain on-his.way to re340,341; Queen Mother Irishes to send I Bishop of Boss from, 348 {p. 339); I consecrate church at LierrB, 260. fugitives licensed to dwell at, 349; I Eussia, Museovia, deliberation at Augsburg Bishop of Boss at, S69. concerning embassy to be sent into, 198; letter from merchants of, 373; .letters and dispatches (fated at, 20, I King of Denmark demands that trade of 91, 341. England with, may cease, 651. Ronergue, assigned to Queen of Navarre as I dowry, 62 (p. 53). : Enesinger, Mars, from Basle, ambassador to Breach king, 519. Boosbrugge, 'Rousbrughe,'Buysbroet, Prinoe of Parma plaoea Spaniards in, 304. I Bust, Captain Bernhsrd, of Hamburg, attaoted by English pirates, 851. Ronsselaere, 'Roislar,' enemy mates head | Buthven, Patrick, Lord 'Ryvaine,' said to towards, 157, have been apprehended by King of Rowleniun. —, bailiff of Mushing, King of Soots, 260. Spain sends letter to, 234 (p. 237); ftnfchven, raid of, allusions to, 298 (p. 291), 287 l_p. 241); discovers treason to 323,326, 343 (2>. 336). Prince of Orange. 238. Rudgis, John, clerk in States' army, 26S. Euyan, — du, captain in 'army' for Don Rudolf II, Emperor, Jesuits supported by, 12; Antonio, 95. Oasimir does not wish to obey summons Buze, Guillaume, Bishop of Angers, comes >to of, to Ket, 76; goes to Diet at AugsCourt with news of battle of Azores, burg, 80; his illness, 99; delays in going to Diet, 126 (p. 126); arrives at Angsbnrg, 139; said to have turned Ryoroete, John, in Williams' company, 263. baotfrom Augsburg, 152; mentioned, j Bye, French boat robbed by English pirates If 5; enters Augsburg, 175; mentioned, j near, 75. 198; Duke of Bragan&t's son to marry [ siater of, 209 (j». 308); causes articles • Ryhove, ' Biova,' M. de. See Kethalle, to be tend at Diet, concerning considera- Bymenam, 'Eemmenye,' States' camp to go _ towards, 288; reference to States' tion offcronKIesin Flanders, 209 (p. j 209); King of Spain said to be going oamp at, 302 (p. 296), fo give Low Countries to, in dowry %se, Thomas, English merohattfc at Rouen, with his daughter, 334 (p. 238); said, signs petition, 841, to have proposed some matter not liJtecl ! by Protestant princes, 243; mentioned, ' By vaine, Iiord. See Ruthven. 266; reads letters from Elizabeth at Ryvell, Bobert, English merchant at Bouen, Imperial' Diet, 302 (p. 397); Archsigns petition, 541, bishop of Menta does homage to, 310 (p. 305); writes to Dake of Clevea on Bsgers's behalf,- 316; Ashby to take letters to Elizabeth from, 323; directs Duke of OlBTes to release Rogers, 326; proposes that Imperial States should contribute to Turkish war, S83 (p. 8 323); writes to Dake of Cleves to set Bogers at liberty, 366; Prince of Parma Bends false news of Monsieur to, 1 Sabel,' Cardinal of, See Savelli. 874; Pope intends to entangle Muscovite in confederations with, S85; Gilpin Sable* d'Olonne, English vessels awaiting Frenchfleetfor Don Antonio at, 95,116, brings letters from, to Elizabeth.. 427; returns to Tfenna, 468; report of Saekfilde,—, English captain at Eft. Michael's, marriage of, with daughter of Spain, 105. 480 (p. 471), 482; mentioned, 618 (p. i Saoiford, Heekford, Alderman, opponent of SOfl) { reference to letter from Elizabeth citizens of Lubeck, 103,282; complaints to, 660. made against by citizens of Hamburg, 361, eaK, ML. du, counsellor of Queen of Scots, ! %', 'Boaseau,' said to have taken letter j Saini-Aignan, See Beauvillier. from P o p to Queen of Soots, 210 ; St, Bartholomew, massaere of, reference to, 99, MauTOsiere considers him honest, 218; j 181 .(j>. 182), 18S,203,295, visits EJtabeth.2S3; mentioned, 391; I St. Savon, oharch of, Bgmont put into about to visit ^TaMngham, 896. j possession of property ofs; 192.

OENEBAL $t, Bernard, near Antwerp, English soldiers • meeting at, 118 (p. 121); Cotfon'a ana Horth's companies ^t, 126 (p. 127}; ^North's companies meeting at, 143 ( p. 140); French garrison at,' put down by burghers of Antwerp, 283; States' camp goes to, 302 (y, 297), 306; army from Elanders to lodge at, 635. Saiate-Aldegonde, M de. See Maraix. Sainte Genevi&ve, ohuroh of, bones of saint bronght in solemn procession from, 494 (p. 484). Sainte Opportune, church of, in Paris, Jehan Gower celebrates mass in, 66, Sainfe-Soleine, Sainte-Souline, '8b. Solemne.' See Doineau. Saint-Esprit, knights of, King intends to change colour of cross of Order of, 467; king intends to create new. 518 (p. «>»)., Saint-Gelaia, Gui de, son of the following, * Young Linsao/ to go with army for Don Antonio, 4 (#. 4), 62 (p. 52}; . not to go with ' army' for Don Antonio, 74 (p. 67); Matignon to take away government of Blaye from, 86. .......... Louis de Imzignan de, Seigneur de Lansac (better Lanssao), enquires after Elizabeth's health, 48; reference to letter from Walsingham to. 174; mentioned, 267; reference to letter from, S96 (p. 894). letter from, 367. Saint-Georgea, Joachim de, Sienr de Yerao, dispatched from the French Court to Son Antonio in regard to Strozzi's expedition, 74 (p. 67). Saint-Germain, Julien. de, oanon of Notre Dame, later {July, 1683) Coadjutor of Paris, French lung haunted day and night by, 162. SainMJermain, abbey of, S3 (p. 30); 'St. Germans,' 74 (p. 67); French king at, 87; King's new Council deliberated on in, 494 (2>. 486). Saint-Germain-en-Lays, Queen Mother goes to, 348 (p. S40); French Hng intends to go to, 352; French king goes to. 441 ff.434). 'St. Giaude' near Genera, French ting goes to, 248. Saint-Goard. See Vivonne. SstimVjean-d'Angely, King of Navarre departs from, 4 (p. 3) J King of Hayarre about to return to, 86; 118 (p. I l l ) ; King of Havarre at, 125; Prince of Conde at, 809. St. Johnston, in Scotland, Commissary from, sent by King of Scots to Monsieur, 126 (p. 137). St. Joris' (George's) Gate, at Antwerp, closely guarded after loss of Antwerp, SSL Saint-Ijary, Cesar de, Seigneur de Bellegarde, Heewed to levy companies for Monsieur, 74 (p. 68); woos Princess of Navarre for Duke of Savoy, 309; near Gravelutea, 487; at Bruges, 482. Saint-LSger, JK. de, governor of KTonfoH,, ihld-Gamjf at Antwerp; 139,

INDEX.

619

Saint-Luc, M. de. See Epinay, St. Malo, in Britanny, ship of, brings news of battle off Azores to Low Countries, 350. St. Mftrk's, in Tenico, tower of, strtick by thunderbolt. 238. Saint-Martin, Bone [? Ben6] de. killed in battle off tbe Azores, 213. St. Martin, vale of, Date of Savoy murders Huguenots in, 160 (J. 150). Saint-Maur-des Fosses, Queen Mother and Queen of Navarre propose going to, 62 (p. 63); French king visits his mother and sister at, 86; mentioned, 114 (p. 113), 209; Queen Mother at, 287. 809, 333, 408; Don Antonio has secret coaference with Queen Mother at. 518. ...letter dated at, 367. Saint-Megrin, ' Semagrin.' reference to death of, 441. St. Michael, island of, taken by people of Tereeira, 86 ; enterprise against, 105; Spaniards of, 112; Don Antonio likely to seize upon, 136; French enterprise against, 213; Don Antonio's fleet said to have taken, 260; news Of battle between Erenoh. and Spanish fleets off, 266, 287 (p. 280), 288; King of Spain much tnken abaok by los» of, 300; report of French being in possession of, 307; Don Antonio said to have gained, 33S; Marquis of Santa Cruz deals oruelly witb French prisoners in, 343, (j). 334); Don Antonio said to have received help from people of, 350; French fleet sailing to Azores captures caravel from, 858; reference to taking of, by Strozzi, 365; reference to Don Antonio's intention to take, 333; reference to conflict in, 481; people of Tereeras have intelligence with those ' of, 518 (p, 509). Sainfc-Omer, Flemish fugutives go to, 29; reiters spoil oonntry between Oye and, 151; enemy s camp goes towards, 204 J 321 ; burghers. of, refuse to receive Spaniards, 891. Saint-Pol, said to have been burnt, 321. Saint-Qnentin, reiters arrive about, 109; French forces said to be near, 121: Malcontents almost take, 440; Saint Bambert, in S»voy; Italian cavalry passes, 226. St, Sebastian, in Tereera, English pirate robs Portuguese ship at, 469. Saint-Seval, M. de. See gaissevnl, Saint-Yalery-en-Onux [Seineinferieure].. vessel of, attacked by English, 168; Arraeville obtains crew from, to attack English vessels, 218 (o). St. Yinoent, Cape, encounter between EmamMel and Stench mau-of-wttr off) 6; fleet from Seville donbles, 300. Saissevai, 'SeyB cheval,' cotonelof French at Dunkirk, 175 ; ' Saint Seval,' regiment of, goes to DJxmBcle, 185 ; makes retreat from SceEebelle with Hbrris, 296; 'Seeeraiy goesi abaut enterprise forLouvain, 428; 'Saint C'evall,' fails in enterprise oa Lottvain, 439.

620

•GENERAL

INDEX.

Salcedo, Nioolas, ' Baron' of, a ' IiOrrainst;,* Salisbury, —-t North's lieutenant, brings soldiers from England. 143 (p. 140J; • apprehended as spy in Bruges, 181 pacifies English and French soldiers, (j/. 182), 185 ; matter of, thoroughly examined, 189; put in a dungeon, 192 ; discussion of conspiracy of, 199, SallefraEijue, •—, of Bordeaui, complains of 203; his former history, 203 ; referhis goods being detained in Customs, ence to conspiracy of, 204, 208.. 231 ; 291. Belli evre and Brnlart to hear confession Saluoss, Marquisate of, President BeVol sent of, 243. 249: Gnises offended with to, 4 (p. 3); reference to serrice done apprehension of, 249; sent to Ghent by Captain Anselme in, 185; reference with a strong gaard, 268; Cfuises I to Duke of Betz in, 209 (p. 209); dissatisfied with Monsieur for sending J cannons to be made for, 848 ( J J . 3 3 8 ) ; confession of, to King, 266 ; leaves j Prinoe ol Geneva to late government Ghent with Bellie'vre and Brnlart, of, 457 ; referenoe to practices of King 378 ; goes to 3?rauoe with Bsllt&vrc, f of Spain in, 540. 383 ,' Stench deBire to understand confession of. 387 \ to be imprisoned j Salzburg, Archbishop of, claims primacy of Germany, 333 (jp; 323). at Bois de Vincennes,' 288 (p. 282) ; sent into Franoe, 304 ; Bellievre and Samblan^ay, Charlotte de Beaune de, Madame de Sauve, part of Saleedo's goods given Bnilarfc sent to SVenoh .king to relate to, 423 (p. 414); bishop of Maude proceedings of, 307 ; examination of, employs favours of, to obtain chancellor328 ; imprisoned at Vineenn.es, S33 ; ship from Monsieur, 443. Spanish icing does not wish him to be put to death, 348 (p. 839) ; Brench Sanoerre, Sanseres, Qa&eons pass through, to king visita, 896 (p. 892'j ; confesses join Monsieur, 187. that Spanish ting had stirred up people Sanchez, Antonio, signs bonds of Portuguese to hinder Monsieur, S97 j Cruises fear to Captain Kenne, 452. the sayings of, 401; his execution, , 'Sanekes,' ~, seat by King of Spain 433; referenoe to death of, 434; to Oount of Emden, 17S. letters from Monsieur in matter of, 4S6; reference to death of, 441 ; Sand, Frederick van, letter from, 49.. Elizabeth desirous to he informed, Saadie Iqy. William, Lord Sandys], Baron, touching confession of; 449 ; reference Paulmyer expresses his obligation to, to copy of judgement of, 465 ; trans161. lation of sentence prononnced by SandoVol, John de, brother to Marquis of Parlement on, 466 : reference to proLeifia, in army for Terceras, 112. ceedings against, 472 ; friend of Dnke Jiuis de, of Order of Calatrava, in of (Mae laments accusations of, 484 ; army for ITerceras, 112. Prince of Parma clears himself of imputations delivered against him by, Sandwich, ia Sent, grain comes to Brns;c<> from, 96; merchandise conveyed to, 494 (p. 486). from LowOountriea, 3fil. ,.....,,„ Pierre, father of shove, former .'..., eufltomer of, 219.' •governor of Mete, 303; mentioned, Satiegae, 11. See Senegas; 231. Sanfort, —, magistrate of Antwerp, objects Salign&c, Bertrand de, Seigneur de la Motheto Monsieur's presence in' town, S5 Fenelon accompanies Cobham to see XP-81). Queen of Navarre, 33 (p. 29;; sent by San Q-iaoonao Calatravaj oommandery of, Pope French king to Elizabeth, to discoss allows King Philip to impose double : Scottish affairs, 409; Queen Mother tenths on, 478. writes on behalf of, 410.; to be sent into Scotland, 423 (p. 414); visits San lazzaro, inigiits of, summoned to serve Dnke of Savoy against Geneva, 122. Cobham. 424; letter of reconimentlation of, from Queen Mother, 425; Pope San Lnear, in Spain, 6. jealous of. his going to Eli^beth, 443; San SeVer-ino, Cardinal [ssc] of. See Santorio. to be sent into Scotland, 444; Eliza- Santa Oroce, Prospero di, Cardinal, likely to beth does not wiahj to go to Scotland, he sent in extraordinary legation, to 449; starts for England, 457; takes Paris, 465. letter to VFalaingham from de Pena, Santa Cruz, Marquis of. See Bs$»n. 458; arrives at Maavissiere's lodgings, 464; hns departed towards Oftlais, 465; Santa Maria, Port of, navy gathering' in, 148, to confer with Biros on his way to Santavetu, Carlois de, killed m battle of the . AxoxeSi 21S. .England, 467; refweaeetoinstructions delivered to, 4J3O (p. 473j; aegotiation Saaiorio, Qittlio Antoniff, Cardinal, Archof. mth EHza-feetlifeotwhingmarriage, bishop of Sta. Seyerina^ M. da Foix . .508; Queea MoHier writes- to Elizabeth speaks to, abont Osborne's ship> 332. IJJS, BQd} mentioned, fitft; reference to SaJtritores; . Juafi, Batitista' de, reference to . . lourneyof, toSdotlaad, S22; Oohham money premised to, 285. tells Mag of peirtte treated by, with SSo Payo, Kay Biaa d«, Portugaese mejrehantj.. Elteoheth, 541} nwatioaea, 54§. sigi»8 bond to Gaptain Kenne, 452. .'.,.,,..„„.., letter to, 13ft, Saisv'iu, Adi-inn, letter from, 305. -

GEKERAL Sardini, Scipion, Italian financier, Queen. Mother deals with, 494 (p. 484). gas van Ghent, river of, Norris and his troops arrive at, 96, Sassetti, Captain Tommaso, reference to letters to, 264. .„......, letters from, 266, 471. Saucriant (?), HI. arrives afc Dunkirk with news of French forces, 18B. Sauger, Anfcoine. Captain in ' army' for Don Antonio, 95, 115. Sauvat, —, Captain in 'anuy : for Don Antonio, 96, 115; wounded in battle Of Azores 853(21.346). 8auve, Madame de. See Samblan^ay, iSwveloa, the, (Sablon or Zaavelplats), in Brussels, French Col onel lodged at, 634. Sauzon (?), statement of pay of garrison of, 828. Savage, Bobert, saddler in States' army, 260. Saytjlli, Giacomo, Cardinal, M. de Boix speaks to, about Osborne's ship, 332. Sayoie, Jacques de, Poke of Heiuours, King of Spain said to have been made Duke of Savoy's heir instead of, 2SS. ......,,., Henri de, Sieur de la Garnaojio, Duke of Genevois, son of Duke of Nemonrs, Monsieur "wishes him to be ' raised np an opposite instrument' to Dtike of Savoy, 152; 'Prince of Genoa,1 dines withFrench king, 396(.p. 892); Prince of Genoa may be sent to take government of Saluces, 467, 472 (p, 460). Savona, near Genoa, Spanish soldiors arrive at, 86. Savor, Henrietta of, Duchess of Maine, 4 •(jM>-

' .

,,.., ambassador of, in Paris, has audience with King,.4 (p. 8); Geneva bailtin fashion of, 73 (y. 03) ; Geneva obtains corn from, 73 (j>. 64} j couriers eome to ambassador of, in Paris, 122; ambassador of, has audience with French king, 150 (p. 150); Chevalier Breton might, do seoret Beryice for Elizabeth in, 152; forces coming to Parma oat of, 165; Swiss demand costs, damages and interest from, 226 J . war in, at an end, 310 (p. 305); ambassador from, present at assembly of Swiss at Solothum, 310 (p. 805); complains of outrage done T>y French regiment in, 348; Irishmen take letters from ambassador of, in Paris, to Duke, 428 ip, 415); M. de CJervant to go to, 424 {p. 417); people of Geneva attack oastleof gentlemen of, 468; Emperor swrjodges precedence ot, in disfavour ol Dake of Florenee, 482. Duke of. See Charles- Emanuel; OharlesIII. Saxony, ^Elector of. See John, Frederick I. Sayan, EHat, de, slain in. battle of the Azores, 313. Soalin, Oapfcaiu Antoine, commanding ship of warforDonAntoaio, 95j U5(p.ll5}; brings letters far French Court from Don Antonio and Strozzi, 209 (p. ^08) ' E l i , ' returns to Olonne, GIB,

INDEX.

621

•rSoarpe, river, troops march from Artois by way of, 118 (i>. 118). Seavenaeque, —, eaptaia in Jarmy' for Don Antonio, 95, 116. Soellebelle, States' army lodging at, 296. Schenk, Martin, his reiters come to States1 service in Cktelderland, IS; failure of "Verdngo's attempt tQ deliver, 30; friends of, prevent Eogers's release, 194; in custody of Baron of Hohensax, ib.; Prinoa of Orange grants King of Spain's request touching, 199 ; Parma refers to . letter written by him to, 239 (1); wife of, does not wish Bogers to be released before her husband,, 315 (p. 308); reference to letter from, 316; Jtogers writes about his charges appertaining to, 386; friends of, endeavour to pay Bogers's charges, 416 {p. 4.07); mentioned, 423. Sehomberg, Dieta, Tbys, Oobham wishes to sell diamond to, 24; offers made by, to Etizabeth to. lend him money on a unicorn's horn, 64; Cobham speaks to, concerning diamond, 114, Sohomberg, Gaspar, Colonel, TiTedham -writes aboat money owBd him by, 371; captains ot, to await Ereuoh king's return to Paris, 482. Sehoonhoven, JonHieer Philips van, Burgomaster of Antwerp, 548. Schoonhoyen, on the Bhine, Ifowis's troops embark at, for Flanders, 85 (j). 79); ' held by Monsieur, 438 (2), Schuller, Fridli, from GHaruS, Ambassador to French king, 519. Sohnlten, Johann, Licentiate in Law at Hamburg, takes petition against Sackf ord to Lord Willonghby d'Eresby, 351. Sehw&rzburg, 'Swataenborgh,' Gunther, Connfc of, comes to Bruges, 235; Prince of Orange sapa with, 613. .....,..., Conntessof. iSeeHasaau, Catherine, of. gcoti. See Land). Soptland 2 ; Ooktnel Stewart about to return •"' to, IS* {p. 17), 55; news from, 8 1 ; ETenoh navy said to have been prepared for Don Antonio may go to, 43; Qaeen ' of Soots' awaits permission to sead into, 4 7 ; ' Caledon,' rumour of preparation in Ejeanoe against, 61 i news of troubles in, 53 (p. 48); affairs of, 61; Duke of Guise wishes to aoaier .with honorable person from, 61; refereneo to affairs of, , 62 (jt. 52); ship* at Havre laden with artaiery for 68; Sandy Bogge tabs diepatches to. 74 (p. 68)! ships said to be going from Britaimytor75; newsfroin, 76; powder froia France said to have . been carried into. 7T (p. 71), 85 (p. 81), 87; enterprise of Guise in, 91; ftfeirs of, 102; Stewart espeoted to raise troops for Hsiherlaftds in, 118 {p. 120) j Lennox desires SfeeTraxt to go to, 126 (p, 127); news ot, 187; SoolMh king reonests that Stewwtt may ever to, 143 (>- -1*>); se«d messajiger into, 143 {p. 141}

622

GENERAL

INDEX.

Scotland— cont, Scott, —, Pallavicino wishes him fco be inDnke of Lutelstein's son to go to, 144; oJuded in renewal of his obligations, gunpowder sent to, from Dieppe, 150; 224. • discontentment of, grows more and Scottish regiment goes into 'Bergnes,' 9; more, 151; King of Spain said to-be companies enter Bergen-op-Zoom.. 3 1 ; arming for, 175; neighbourhood of, troops attack enemy near Ghent, 142; may serve to spar England to help gentleman visits Cobhani, 150 (p. 151); Low Countries, 182; Stewart goes companies, Eoohepot marches to Donto, 185; news from, 210; Queen of kirk with, 151 ; companies in SEenin. Scots wishes to see France, England 164; companies at Dunkirk, 184; and, in good understanding, 218; infantry, colonels of, 175; Captain of rumour that Jesuits think of abducting horse, 180; companies at Dunkirk, 185; king from, 386; ocourrents in, ministers. Duke of Guise giyes advice 298; Four Member* of Flanders wish to, 210; gentlemen join enemy at Iiamoral of Egmont to make journey Courtrai, 220; Captain betrays Lierre, into, 305; broils in, 324; affairs of, 230, 221 (See Sempill) garrison at 326; Elizabeth does not wish letters • Dunkirk, Chamois accused of wishing from Srance to be sent into, through to replace by French, 2S7 (p. 228); Mauvissiere, 357; creature of Cardinal faction in Paris, news from, 250; Granyelle's goes to, 368 ; reference to troops in Low Countries said to have news received in Low Countries from, received orders to return to Scotland, 363; people of, disdain d'Aubigny, 273 ; troops attack enemy, 294; refer368; commissioners from, to come ence to betrayal of Lierre by, captain, to Paris, 670; uniting of, with 800; companies of, in Loehem, S15 England, will Ibe of great eomfort {p. 309); forces at Borgeraoiit, 319; and profit, 386; Mauyissiere wishes to affairs, 324; companies at Borgerhout, Snow how affairs of, are going on, 395; • 330 ; gentlemen, receive pensions from Bishop of Glasgow wishes Queen King of Spain, 343 (p. 335); troops at Mother to send gentleman into, to deal Antwerp take arms in quarrel between in favonr of d'Aubigny, 396 (p. 392); French and English, 863 ; messenger d'Aubigny has no intention of departtakes letters from Bishop of Glasgow, ing out of, 397 (p. 395); dispatches 369; nobility said to liaTe been trying . sant into Italy and Spain abont affairs to send • their king into Spain, 377 of, 401; reference to state of things in, {p. 375); affairs, Mauvissiere deals 402', French king -writes concerning, muoh in favour of, 386 ; companies at 409; French ting wishes to continue Dunkirk sent into Brabant, 891, 392 ; friendship with, 421 (p. 412); laMofcliefaction in Paris, presses Queen Mother J?enelon to be sent into, 433 {p. 414); to deal in favour of d'Aubigny, 896 la JHothe-Fenelon to discuss affairs of, (p. 393); regiment at Menin sent to with Elizabeth, 434; new forces for Antwerp, 439; gentleman comes to Low Countries not to be levied in, Paris, 465; cornet sent into land of 439; gentleman to be sent into, from Wast, 473; captains make suit for R-aHee, 444; Elisabeth does not wish governorship of Menin, 476; affairs, la Mothe to go into, 449; news from Monsieur, agent inquisitive of, 4S5; 456; ' Maningvil' to go to, 457; news companies. Preston made colonel of, from, 466; 3a Mothe to go into, 407; 493; troops in Eyndhoven, 535; troops, news of, 468, 472; d'Aubigny not to treason on part of, 587. depart from, 472 (>. 461); reference-to discovery of chief instruments of commissary at Antwerp. See Gfoodtrouble m, 476; Gotham communicates Scottishriche, news from, to Rnarfc, 480 (p. 472); Bishop of Glasgow sends money to, Seaford in Susseac, papists go from Dieppe in boat of, 76. 482; English Jesuits in JJotiifi inform Elizabeth of practices of, 485; SVench Seaton, Cfeorge, Lord, might' be stirred up icing informed of proceedings of, 494 to favour d'Aubigny's party, 472 (p. 486); Elizabeth does not wish la (p. 461). Hotae to go into, 508; Krenoh Mag wishes Miaabeth to allow his Subjects Seatoa, Boots captain, in command of cornet of horse at Ghent, 180. to pass into, 5X0; lit Mothe's Journey to, will serve King of Spain, SIS; Seeondafc, -Jelian de, Sieuir de.la Boqne. or J}es Maaino del Bene thinks French have Eocques, chamberlain, of King of not much business in, 520; reference Navarre,, visits Gobham, 38 (p. 29);. to good understanding between realms sent to Monsienr, 63 (p. 48); ' B,oks,' of England and, 626; reference to la comes to'the B-agne, 85 (p. 78); with Mothe'a proposed Journey isito. Sit; Walsinghatn, 90; mentioned, 165 ; reference to ancient amifcy between said to hav© stirred ap practice against Kings of Erance and, 541. Guises, 441; mentioned, 484, ,», ambassador of, in Itance, See Sedan, 'geydan,' Prince of Ohimay said to Beaton, S have bBoome Protestant at, 1S1, 181 .,..,.,, King of. (i>. 182); Dnfe> of Bouillon at, 245. ..,.*.»*, Qaeen ef, ,".., ' Esdan,',letters dated rfi 170,344.

GENERAL Segur-Pardailhan, M. de, sent by King of Navarre to Erench king, 179; sent by King of Navarre to Paris, with proposal of making war against Spain, 372. Sempill,' Symple,'' Semple,' uncle to Preston, Scottish captain serving in States' army, said to have betrayed Lierre 216, 231, 222, 227, 231, 237; tries to ruin Count lloiloek, 238; soidiers of, intrnde themselves into Captain Gordon's oompany, 377 { j>. 375), Seneca, de Pena sends letter of, to Walsingham, 269. SsttBgas, 3i. de, agent of King of Navarre, • visits C'obhara, 230, 350; to be Bent to , Monsieur and Elizabeth, 251; sent by French king to Elizabeth, 872; well satisfied with his reception by Elizabeth, 396 (p 392), Seritlao, if,, accompanies Jfrenoh king to Auvergne, 248. Sermoneta, Cardinal. See Caetani, Sernigi, Captain. Cobham receives letters from, 62 (p. 53). Setnbal, Spanish king reinforces garrison in, 89. Seure, -^-la, secretary to Puke of (Juise, Said to have had secret conforenoe with soldiers of Guise, 441. SeverJUj Johann, merchant of. Hamburg, signs petition against Saekford, 351, Seville, fleet from, not in action off Azores, 300; fleet coining from, to Azores, 353 (( 324 7>> Seymour, Edward, Earl of Hertford, 620. Sforza, Bona, ' Begins Bona ' wife of King of Poland, and mother of Queen of Sweden, 442. 'ShamueVM. See Chamois. Shanboryne, Henry, in Williams' oompany, 363. Shelley, Mr, papists from Dieppe to go to house of, 75. ..;......, Sir Biehard, letter from, 295. Shepherde, Henry, in Williams' company, 263. Ships;— Ascension, English, said to have been intercepted by Swedes, 293. Bull, of Dieppe, English ship captured by, 548, Buenaventura, numbers of killed and wounded, in, 213, CantareiMb, of HonEeur, plundered by English pirates, 292. Catalina, numbers of killed and Winded in, 213. Clmttopiier, boaght Tby Portuguese from Captain Kenne, 452. Oygne, of MidcfelbttTgj seiased. by officers in Guernsey, 63. Dolphin, of Southampton, plundered by d^rmerUl*, 644.

INDEX. Ships—eont. ' '

62S •

Emanuel, of London, her encounter with French men-of-war, 6. Fr&ngois, of Piriao, taken by KnollyB, 72, 89. Jwma, ^nmbBrs of killed and wounded in. 218. La Fargue, ship of war for Don Antonio, 95. 115. L'Renahie, of Brest, taken by Henry Knollys, 47, 72, 82, 89, 166. Mtirqme de Croia rougat, Strozzi encounters at battle of Azores, 353 (p. 350). Uliserieordia; numbers of tilled and wounded in, 213, Mafia fte Chiipuscoa, numbers of

killed and wounded in, 213. Ottr Lady of the Pefia So Fancia, numbers of killed and wounded in, 213. S. Antonio de Bum Viage, numbers of killed and wounded in, 213. S. Maria de Jam; numbers of killed and wounded in, 213. 8. Martin, numbers of killed and wounded in, 213. ItaiuolcUs, bark belonging to Osborne and gtaper. detained at Malta by Pope's inquisitors, 211 (a) ; •Reynolds,' set at liberty, 352, 8. Matthew, immbers of lolled and wounded in, 213. 8. Miguel, numbers of kiUed and wounded in, 213. 8. Vimaente, numbers of iilled and wounded in. 213. Thomas Alein, account of wheat shipped in, 43. Shoreham, papists from Dieppe to be landed at, 75; English ship plundered by Armevllle near, 644. Shrewsbury, Earl of. 1 See Talbot, George. Shute, Sute, ' Shoute, William, brings letters to Cobham from England* 153; 'Shmrte,* mentioned, 162; brings instructions concerning Osbome's ship, to Gobhsm, 173, 210; his dealings in Borne, S32; goes to Naples, 353 j reference to note from, concerning English trade in Italy, 478. Sicily, troops leaving, for JJowOountriea, 99; Siovaa Andrea Boria to be TtieBroy of, 108,11& (p. I l l ) ; Italian tobevieeroy of, 143 (p. 140}; troops from, for Low Countries, 347; friend, of Bizarri captured % Turks between Veatoe and, 4&; plan for atteeKag Spftin through, 888. Sidney, Philip, reference to letter sent by serrsnt of, 4§6. Siegburg, * Siburg,' nmr Cologne, M. d'Attholt at, S97. Sigoigne,' ginagouia,' M, de,

624

GENBEAL

INDEX.

Silly, Antoino de, Count of la Boehepot, Smythe, Bichard, senior, ia Williams' Chamberlain and of the Council of company, 263. Dnke of Anjou, 30; English captains s Hichard, in Williams'company, 263. wish to range themselves under, 70; , Walter, in Williams' company, 263. commands camp at Ghent, 76; Horris , William, in Williams1 company, 263. to join forces with, 98; marches towards Bruges and Dunkirk, 109, Soiasons, -assigned to Queen of Navarre as 110; captains with. I l l ; fails in. 'dowry, 62 {p. &&), enterprise upon Courtiai, 118 (p, 118) ; Solms, Coiint of. See Adolf. Tforris to be superseded by, 120; Solothnrn, people of, defend Geneva against reference to his defeat at Conrtrai, 136 Doke of Sayoy. 5 ; join with Bernese. (p. 126), 136; 'Eochpooll/roentioJied, 37 ; assembly of Swiss held at, 301 137 (p. 134), 146, 147; marches with . (p- 305). Scots and French towards Dunkirk, 151; general of camp at Dunkirk, 175; Somers, John, procuration for; 214. ill with fever, 185, 206; Monsieur Somme, river, French army for Flanders.not yet across, 840, 348 (p. 338); French promises money for army of, 192; in command of States'ftftmp.208; wishes forces said to have passed, 891, 423 English mutineers to be pardoned, 227 (p. 416). (p. 229); has not sufficient authority Sophia, Sophy, the See Persia. to govern camp, 234 (p. 237); at Bergues, 236; Monsieur gives orders Sora, Dnfce of. See Bonoompagni, Jaoomo, to, to paoify French and English Soranzo, —, Venetian ambassador in Kome, troops, 363; wounded, 394 (p. 390), returns to Yenjoe, i (p. 4), 404, 406, 413, 414; army of, may leaVe Handera, 504; referenoe to | Sorbters, Booh des. Seigneur des Pruneaus, reference to letter fromj to Bacqueville! wound of, 512. j 126 (.p. 127); duspafched by Monsieur , Henri de. Count of la. Boehe-guyon, | to rnqtinotis troops, 151 ; mentioned, elder brother of above, to marry Mile , 307 ; Salcedo fears threats of, 4S6 (2). dePons, 114(2). US). j Sound, ihe, reference to impositions levied on English subjects trading through, 551, Stlra, Mamie) da. Count of Torres Vedras,.4 ' (p. 4); offers to send man to Don Sonaa, Souia,, John Rodriguei de, agent of Don Antonio, in. Antwerp, 18(p. 17) ; Aatonio from Xereeiras, 114 (p. 113). [ . sent to persuade Pon Antonio to come ., .letters from, 107,329, 330, to composition with King Philip, 114. . 446. Southampton, Hampton, French ship taken Simier, Jean, Sieur de Tiamertitre, reference by Knollys rotting at, 47, 82, 280 to his being out of favour with (p. 272;; captain of ship at, wishes to Monsieur, 8fl (p. 80); 'U Singe,' des go in search of Strozn,- 326; English Ouches takes horsB to, from England, ship with Portuguese arrives at, 461 ;. 174. depositions in matter of Portuguese at, Sinclair, (Jeorge, Earl of Caithness, might be 469; petition of merchant of, to stirred up to favour d'Aubigny's party, Walsingham, 544. 472 (p. 461).Spain, news from, 21; soldiers arrive at Savona from, 86; Italians and Sinnaji Bassa, to take command against Spaniards collected for, 88; letters Persians, 23S, - j from, 108, 113 (p. I l l ) ; Moors in Skynaer, Angustine, English, merchant at j Africa wish to pasB into, 114 (p. US) Bonen, signs petition, 341j licenses sold to merchants of NetherKfeBtadt, letters dated at, 76. lands trading with, O8 (p. 121); new ambassador from, in Lyons, 137 Stays, 151: f- Monsieur and Prince of Orange (i>. 135); banded against Netherlands, pass through, 169; Obaat Egmont,1 143 (p. 139); Elizabsth considers seat to, under gnard, IS®; 'Sine, union between jianoe and England - ambassadors from French king to n «oeaa*ry ip- respect of greatness of, Monaiuiirlajid at, 235; French soldiers 1SS ( p. 184); Salceffo confesses to have placed in, 258; English money eent to, come to States' camp as servant of 359; oornet of French horse arrives at, 203 sJp- 3 0 2 } ; news from, 309 804; enemy's forees may lie near, 475; (p. 208); Captain Alonso to be sent French troops lodged near, 504, into, 227 (p. 230); Breach tinpr . Wiiiem de, e$chepin of upper benoa in forbids transport of earn into, 229 (p. 334); French sovereigns deny thai they know of any commissions that Smyth, Bobert, English, merohant a t Bonen, might restrain Elizabeth's subieetsfrom sigEB petitioa, Sil; visfta Hector trading freely with, 230; Parma makes NnsSea, S93. promises to Saioedo in name of, 231; towns of Kbrmaudy forbidden to trade ......,.,, tthomss, •'Cusfcffiaer/vaiuBof.Antwerp with, 238; letters from, 285 ;• realm of merchants' gawk may bo obesincsd from, Engfend should be forthcoming to 12S; m e u t i o d 3£S S S & eaoowber, 295; Cowwjil of State in

OBSEEAL INDEX. Spain—floret Low Countries requests Elizabeth that their ships lie not hindered when coming from, 299; mentioned, 300, 307,323; d'Aubigny thought to befcrvingtoconvey King of Soots into, 324; Italian gentle* men wish to visit, 339; Italian troops for brought from Sicily to Genoa, 347; if Frenoh sovereigns desire association against, they would be oaref nl to preserve quiet of England, 36? (p. 366); Sing of Navarre wishes to attack, 372 ; Scottish nobles said to be trying to send their ting into, 377 (p. 375); uniting of Portugal to, found necessary to King Philip. 386; packets found in Calvi's house directed from, to Slanders, 396 (p. 893) ; Count Ottayio Landi employed by Prince of Parma in, 396 (p. 394); Giraldes hopes to receive remittance of money from, 399; Count Ottario Landi thought to be going into, 401; Bishops of (Hasgow and Koaa send letters into, 424; news from, 441 (p. 433); Giraldi goes towards, 442; Jesuit refugees to be allowed to return to, 461; news from, 465; brother of Count Vimioso comes from, 467 ; news from, 472 (p. 460); ships go towards, from Low Countries, 474; Pope allows King Philip to impose double tenths on certain Oommanderies in, 478 ; news from. 482; courier from, goes to Prince of Parma, 483 • la Motte receives pension from, 493; Pope frames Councils in, 494 (p. 485); news from, 497 ; reference to Francis I being kept prisoner in, 607 (J>. 498); orders sent from, to Lyons, to furnish Prince of Parma, 518 (p. 609); suggested alliance between Elizabeth, French king and Monsieur sgainat, 538.

625

Spaniards—cont. Dnnkirk, 253; arrive in enemy's camp, 258; reference to victory of, off the Azores, 286,287,288; attack States' camp, 294; news of Don Antonio's overthrow by, 303; Prince of Parma wishes Slontigny to be general of, 304:', news of defeat of, by Monsieur's forces, 309; shew great cruelty in Low Countries, 321 ; &enoh go slacklyto work against, 324; girozzi's secretary brings news of victory of, off the Azores, to Paris, 340; reference to tradB of, with Indians, 341 ; Joyeose offers to go as Admiral of new French fleet against, 343 (p. 334); Prince of Parma wishes garrison of, to be taJsen into every town in Arfcoin and Bainaulfc, 849; reference to battle of Azoi-es between French and, 352; St. de Capres tries to bring, into Arras, S64; reference f,o gtroazi's defeat of, at St. Michael, 365 ; reference to capture of Sirozzi by, 368; discord between Walloons and, 375; Don Antonio's defeat by, Said to be leas than • was reported, 377 (g. 875); Prince of Parma tries to persuade towns to receive, 391: mentioned, 393, 394 (p. 389); reference to Genoese merchants in Paris trading with, 396 (p. S93); English merchants wish to withdraw to Middelburg through inducements of, 418; people of Paris speak against, 423. (p. 414); in Low Countries said to be dying of diseases, 476, 489; deceived in their hope of division in France, 494 (p. 486); thought to have many friends in Low Countries, 499; to be placed m Brussels and Vilvorde, 512; said to be going to govern at Toiomay, 616; blows pass between Walloons and, 537,581,

, King of. See Philip II. Spanish, book, sent by Oobham to Walsing, Prince of. See Philip. ham, 59 ; merchants receive license to , agent of, in Paris. See TUSSIE, Juan transport money to Gravelines, 86; Bautista da horsemen to come to frontier of Portags.1, 86; horse/given by Parma Spaniards; escaped captives on board Mmanuel, to Montjgay. 135 j forces marching to 6; services of, offered to Monsieur, 18; join Parma, 143 (p. 139); navy gatherpassing through Lorraine to reinforce ing for Terceiros, 148; regiments enemy's camp, 71; said to be helping coming to Low Countries, 185; troops to besiege Geneva, 73 (p. 65); faotionin in Luxembourg, 226; forces said to be Ais of, 76; oolleated in Italy for Spain coming to Bergues, 236; ensigns arrive and Portugal, 88; Gapponi goes about at Jfanrar, 238; ships, Don Antonio at Bouen with, 91 j coming to Low said to have taken,'26O; news of battle Countries, 100 ; "encounter between between French and, sent to Qneen people of Teroera and, 106; departing Mother. 366; ahips, Brissae said to towards Tercwa, 112; mentioned, 118 havebroughtto France, 268; grammars (p. 119)j pass in great troops to del Benehopesto learn,275j faefclon, Flanders, 167; in Inixembourg, 184; hopes in Lew Countries that report of French troops likely to he more hated Don Antonio's defeat might have teen than, in States' camp, 205; pass forged by, 302; troops, slain before towards, Flanders, 309 (p. 209); copy Ghent, 302 (p. 296); ambassador at of action passed in battle between Imperial Diet, 803 (p. 397) i reference Frenoh and, 216; IVeasnrer of Denmark to ships taken by Frenoh, S07; W f f l ; favours, 217 (p. 216); re-entering Low Countries, 236; practice by corruption to Gewaany tbiui "French, 328: fores in Brabant, 243; French navy said in Ne&eritsnds, 838; fleet from Indies to haw fought with, 248; espeeted by reported to have been captured, 336; P 262; coming towards camp at 15077

626

INDEX.

8tenwyk, Steenwiok in Friesland, Monsieur intends to fortify, 18; surprised by ^Verdngo, 473/47*, 477. Stephunus, Henry (Henri Etienne), printer and scholar, goes to Angsbnrg, $33. Stephen Batnry, King of Poland, Emperor suspects, of demanding certain 'holds' on frontiers of Hungary, 385; Normans suspicion of, 468; gentleman of, comes to England, 620, letter to, 145. Stevenson, John, corporal In States' array.. 263. Stewart, Arabella, de Bferax mates 1,'nquirigs of Cobham concerning, 324. .....,..., James, Earl of Arrau, reconciled with Date of Lennox, 3 1 ; muoh hated in Scotland, 298; said to have been apprehended, 323. .......... Colonel William, put under arrest for quarrelling with Ms captains, 9; 18 (p. 17); released, 55; about to many, 55; Ms journey to Scotland postponed, 118 (pi 130); Duie of iennor desires him to go to Scotland, . 126 (p. 127); Scottish ling writes to Monsieur in favour of, 143 (p. 140); goes to Bstemburg, 143 (p, 141); Colonel of Seots infantry at Dunkirk, 176; regiment of, 180 (p. 180); marries Countess of Batembnrg and 108. goes to Scotland, 185; Lierre betrayed „ .., Zorzi. wounded before Ghent, 347. by Soottisb. captain for revenge against, Spires, reform of Chamber of, to be discussed 220, 237; reference to journev of, to at Augsburg, 333 (p. 823), Scotland, 273; mentioned, 300; Scots Sfcaoy, Bobert, English merchant at Bouen, left by, in Batembnrg, betray it to signs petition, 341. - enemy, 302 (p. 296); not to levyforaes in Scotland for Low Countries, 480; Stafford. —, UorriB's cousin, letter sent by, to • Prince of Orange refers to letter to, Walsingham, 296, SOS., 525; mentioned, 634, 537. Stafford, Henry, in Williams' oompany, 263. StaHingw, Biohsrd, English merchant at Stocfchem, Swiss, German, and French troops Bouen, signa petition, 341. to cross Meuse at, 28. • Stanley, Hsnry, Earl of Derby, 520. Stokes, Thomas, English merchant mid correStanton, —, awaits favour from Waisingbam, spondent at Bruges, 158,190, 336, 601. 483. [Qy,1 identical with Sbeadin J , .....letters from, 14, 29, 32, 43, Steper, 'Staphei ,' 'Stuper,' Richard, mer53, 69, 81, 96, 111, 136, 146,' 147, 160, chant, Eliaabeth writes to Prenuh king 204, 220, 235, 268, 284, 294, S04,323, on behalf of, 141, 178; Cobham deals 334, 349, .364,376, 891, 426, 440, 464, for deliverance of ship of, 210; French 463, 476,493, 603, 504, 516, 627, 581, Hog writes on behalf of, to Pope, 632, L 211 {a). ,,..,...,„ —, brother of above, 146, 503. Stavay, Stile de, lady in waiting- to Catharine Stor, Bobert, ja Williams' company, 263. ri Jfoaii 152 Steelyard, i SUgliardi, the company of the Straelen, Jottkheer Janv&n, 'JjeSieurAuunan, magistrate of Antwerp, 'Sfcrall the Stilliard or Stedees of the B&nse, in. Amsnfc,' sent to BoiB-Ie-doo from JDondon, so^estion of alliance of Antwerp, 118 (p. 118); mentioned, 548. Enghadtrith, » n a with North fesmsn priatses ia order to meet designs ugaiw Straete, Iiienen vande, esctievinot lower bench both England and Geneva, 7& (p. 66). in Ghent, 284. SiseeawitiBiel, Jiw van, egcti&tiin of Antwero Stralen. on the Maas, held for King of Spain, 648, *' 433(2). Stendin, —, Mine efe Mauvisai^e writes on -i in States' army, 219. T»ha5f of, 48g. 8trasburg,ieferenBB to letter from, 110; Lord »—»wife of above, e deM Hamilton returns from, 150 {p. 151); eBtrnatsherdaugnterta, 433; 3&ttvia Bake of Bouillon goes to, 309. sI6re proposes to lodfft ab house of, i ,, ,,.,lettejB elated at, 71, 310,

Spanish—cent. merchants, letters from, to low Countries stayed by French ting, 337 (y. 328); navy, Don Antonio said to have defeated, 350; company captured at Villafranoa, 353 (p. 847); causes, Count of Montreal oornes to Paris to treat about, 42S (p. 415); Soots said to have become, 439; brigantine, taken by JVenoh, 441 (JJ. 434); cardinals, Pope resolves to create, 442 ; party in. Scotland, 610; ships captured by Captain Scalin, 518; soldiers sent to . Madeira, 518 (if. 609); merchant ship attacked-by French pirates, 521. a, Bartholoin&o, a Sicilian, letter of recojnmendation of, S80. , letter from, 207. e, Sspens,1 captain in States' army, Stewart quarrels with, 9, IS (p. 17;, Spifame, Jacques Paul, Biahop df Severs, son of Jean, seigneur de Passi, executed at = Geneva (Match. 23, 1S8|), 73 (p. 65). Spinola, Baptista, merchant, reference to debfe due to, 40; town of Antwerp demands money for, 80; Loagston has speech with Alostanm touching interest for, 197; Merchant* Adventurers fear an arrest for debts dne to, 428; reference k> debt chie to, 543. ,., Praaporo, imprisoned at Eome, 48,

GENERAL

INDEX.

627

Strcges, l'homas, sent from Don Antonio to Stuart, Esme—cont. Elizabeth, 323. of Lierre, 377 (p. 375)", Marohaumont Stroud, William, merchant, note of spoils will deal with Elizabeth in favour of, taken from, by French pirates, 543. 886 ; Bishop of Glasgow wishes Queen Sfcrozzi, Philippe, Colonel, to help Huguenots, Mother to deal in fayour of, 396 (p, 392); 4 (p. 3); mentioned, 18 (p. 17); • Scottish king passionately affected to, 'Pierre de,' lands in Biscay and 397 (p. 395); violent actions of, oaose ravages country, 29; sour speeches king to desire his departure from pass between young jjansae and, 62. Scotland, 421 (p. 412); Cobham causes (p. 52); Schomberg wishes Elizabeth | remonstrance of Scottish lords against, to lend money for enterprise of, 64; j. to be printed in French, 424; iitracio arrives at Belle Isle, 74 (p. 67); Santa. ' offers money to aid, 441 (p. 434); Crua commanded tofighfcwith, before 1 Scottish king wishes to be avenged on he lands anywhere, 86; general of I lords for sending, away from him, 466 ; army for Don Antonio, 95; looked for | news from, 465; la Motheto remain in at Tercera, 105; ships of, join Count Scotland till king be settled in his Brissao's, 114; Commander-in-chief of former state with, 467; has a strong French fleet raised to aid Don Antonio, party in Sootland, 472 (jp. 461); Bishop 115; expedition of, 132; said to be not of Glasgow sends money to, 482; gives for Don Antonio but for a show, 175; out that he is promised support from news of landing of, in Portugal, 209 France, 508; mentioned, 520, 537; (p. 208); reference to commissions deQueen of Scots hopes' French king will livered to, by Don Antonio, 247 (p. 248); •help, 541. said to be slain, 248, 265, 266 r said to SturmiuB, Sturm> John, Rector of Strasburg have overthrown enemy, 268; Queen University. 429; reference to letter Mother in grief through reports of from Walsiagham to, 408. death of, 388; mentioned, 300; refer.,., , letter from, 415> ences to capture of, 307; siuall hope of life of 309; mentioned, 326 ; newa of Shirton^ Richard, in Williams' company, 263, death of, sent to Low Countries.. 338 ; Stuttgart, Princess of Wtixtemburg and Uiake secretary of, brings news of battle of ] of Deux Pouts to be married at, 310 Azores to Paris, 340, 848 {jp. 334) (See, (i». 306). Fournioon); report of his death, 350 ; , letter dated at, 314, account of defeat of, 353; council held on ship of, before battle, 353 (jp. 348); Styage, Eichard, in Williams' company, 263. hia capture, 353 (p. 360); account of Style, Change of. Pope's new Calendar, S96 defeat of, 364 ; reference to death of. (p. 394)t ' 468 ; to be in force in 368; his commission from King of France, 441 (jp. 434); mentioned,497, France. S8S; reference to defeat of, 513, 517, 521; Christmas Day lost at 498. Bruges throngli, 527; ' stillo nova (Stokes), 631,532, 63a; Freroya sends ., Leone, 'Lion, Bake of Florence new almanack, 636; Hew Year's tide in resolves to send, to Paris and Flanders, Prance sooner than nsual, 552. 467. 'Suol.' SeeZ-yrol. , —, Florentine merchant at Lyons, money in hands of, offered to Bishop of Susses. Earl of. See Kadelyffe. ........... Lady. SeeBadolyffe, Frances. Glasgow, 441(3>. 434). Sutton, Eichard, in Williams' company, 263; Stuart, Esme, Seigneur d'Aubignjr, Dnke of wounded, 294. Iiennos;, reference to letter to Fremyn Captain, of North's regiment, slain from, 3 1 ; Said to have taken into his bands all strong towns and castles on. before Ghent, 302 (p, 296), 803. sea coast, 63 (p. 46); reference to Svreden, consideration at Augsburg of heavy ' training' of affairs in Scotland by, tolls imposed by, on ships ana 63 (p. 68), S5 (p. 82;; Colonel Stewart merchandise, 198; ' Swevelamd,' said to be a, creature of. 118 (p. 120); Jesuits pass daily into. 217 (p. 217); desires Stewart to go to Scotland, 126 negotiations in, for restoration of (p. 127); mentioned, 143 (p. 140); English ship, 293; Italian bargains stirs up discontent in Scotland, 151 ; for ships in, 442. Iiord Iiindsay uses stout speeches with, , iing of. See John, H I . 210; much hated in Scotland, 298; said ; Queen of. See Catherine, to have been apprehended, 823; thought to be trying to convey King of Scots „..,...., Grown Prince of. 8$i Charles. ' SwioJi,' M. de, hi command of eorflet of hers© into Spain, 824; departing for France, at Ghent, 180. 326; enemies of, likely to haye same payment as Morton had, 343 (p. SS6); Swift, Gaspara, sergeant ol Attmtalfcy in very ill-counselled in his behaviour in Kngfand, 129; 'SuyV French Scotland, 357 (fi. 354); King of Spain merchants make complaints against, treats with, 328; reference to removal j 430. of, 363; Scottish ting in toeping of, Swigo, author el netion against. 368; thought to bare contrived betrayal

628 Swiss, reiters on frontier of Champagne, 15 ; passing through Lnxenibonrg, 18 (p. 18), 28, 30; amending Geneva, 37, 62 (p. 52); assemble Diet at Baden, 71; • cantons urge Dufce of Savoy to abandon enterprise against- GenBya, 86; Duke of Savoy tries to mate. profit out of Tirolese against, 29; French about to ally themselves more closely with, 103 (.p. 89); &il to join Idonsieur, H8 (p. 118); loth to renew league with France, 122; M. 'Langrone' sent to. from Eranoe, 150 (p. 150); forces coming to Low Countries, 181 (j). 182), 209 (p. 208;; Cantons agree to help Geneva, 209 {p. 20$j; troops for Monsieur in Champagne, 226 ; league concluded between French king and, 226; M- de Saint-Luc to be colonel of, in Low Countries, 227 (p. 228); request Puke of Sayny to remove his forces from Geneva, 28?; Oantons, to oroide causes of Duke of Savoy and people of Geneva, 288 ( p. 282); troops for Monsieur come to frontior of Lorraine, 288 (p. 282); troops said to to coming into Flanders, 306 ; hold assembly at Solothnrn, 310 ($.303); Prince X)auphin's troops await coming of, 313: in army ui Prince Dauphin, 331; in Champagne, 333; at Camfcray, 338; King of France makes new league with, 347; M. de Flenry to treat on agreement between Duie of Savoy and, 318 (p 338); troops coming to Artois, 377 {p. 376); French king .renews league with, 397; s;nd ambassadors to French Mag, 423 {p. 415); 3d. de Olervant to go to, 424 (#. 417); in French army, 439; ambassadors coming to Paris, 441 (p. 434), 457; troops make diifienlty to pass into Low Countries by water, 462; thonght to bs coming to Low Countries, 463 • ambassadors eipeoted in Paris, 467; meeting postponed, 468; troops coming •to Law Countries, 473, 475; French king and IGng of Mavarre levy, 482; troops arrive at Bruges, 492 ; atnbaBsadors received at Paris, 494; deal with BVenoh king, 498; regiment passes through Bruges, 604; SVeaeh king feasts, 607; ambassadors leave Paris. 518; ambassadors, names of, 519 ; expected in Low Countries, 529; to heip French Idngin suggested" enterprise against Spaas. 638. Switzerland, BWch king to go to, 248; Herfe inteads to travel into, 302 (p. 295); B&utefort and Mandelot return from, 348 (p. 838); Dr. Beutrioh goes to, 434. Symtms, Robert, in 'WiUiaais' compaBy, 263.

INDEX

Tabot, Simon, owner of Cygne of Middelburg, 63. Talbot, Edward, son of following, with. Cobham, 354. .George, Earl of Shrewsbury, 265; two sons of, with Cobham, 364; du Ruisseau made prisoner by, 395. Henry, son of above, with Cobham, 354. Tanchon, M, (qy. captain of the archers), iiccompanies Swiss ambassadors into Paris, 494. Tangiera in. Jifrioa, alcaldes of King of Feis received at, 113 (p. 111). ' Tarrentini,: gentlemen of, apprehettded by Inquisition, 518 (p. 509). Tassis, Francisco, payment made to, for cost of lading wheat, 46. , Taxis, Juan Bautista de, agent of JCiag of Spain at 3?renoh Court, refused audience^ 74 {p. 68); secretary of, obtains paBsport for Spanish merchants from French king, 86; receives letterB from Milan, 86; Greek maid of the bedchamber dismissed by Queen Mother for 'trading' with, 114 {p. 113); mentioned, 150 (p. 151), 152; anxious to hear news from England of battle of the Azores, 287; receives news of rejoicing in Madrid over battle of Azores, 323; gives money to Bishop of Glasgow's nephew, 348 (p, S35); oourier of, robhed by Monsieur's horsemen, 348; news from Flanders received by, 852; King of Spain sends news of Sfcrozzi's defeat to, 365; mentioned, 369; receives and bestows great sums o£ money in Paris, 397 (p. 395j; Count Ottavio Laidi visits secretly, 401; Irishmen take letters from, to _ Milan and Eome, 423 (p. 416); ohjeots to Sakedo's head being put over gates of Antwerp, 441 (jp, 43Sj; reoeives news of defeat of Samt-Lnc, 465; Catalonian gentleman confers with, 167; mentioned, 473 (p. 460); Pinart reoaives news from., 480 (p. 471;; complains about capture of Marqnis of Pescara, 483; mentioned, 494 (p, 484); steward of, brings news from Spain, 518 {p. 609); mentioned, 538. SeeTsxie. Tatam, Tkomas, letter from, 238. Tayde, Galas Tiegas ae, aoeountof his capture by KBnne, 469. John Baptist, lieutenant to Verdugo in Spanish foros before Loohem, said to have killed Chastelet, 315 (p. 3Q9

GENERAL Tayda, Iiuis de, "Viceroy o£ Portuguese Indies, friend to Don Aitonio, 114 (f. 118). •Tayljiir, John, in Williams' oompany, 263. Teligny, M. de. Bee 2Toue, Odet de la. Temple. See Tympel. Teroeiras (Azores) and Tercera, Isle of, skips from, arrive at Hantes, 4 (p. 4); Don Antonio's credit small in, IS (p. 17j; letters from, 62 (p. 53); Spanish ships prepare for, at Lisbon, 86 ; relation of army departing from Lisbon towards, 112 ; King of Spain levies companies for enterprise of, 118 (p. Ill) ; Count of Torres Yedras offers to send men to Don Antonio from, 114 (p. 118) ; ' T»rzere3,' note of numbers of Spanish king's army embarked for enterprise of, 148; French ships go towards, 187; Spanish king's army ready to depart towards, 230 ; Don Antonio said to bo dead at, 365; reference to defeat of Spaniards by Erenoh at, 307, 33S; Botelho writes from ' this island,' S17; Don Antonio said to hare gained, 833 ; 'Tarzercs,' Strozzi's secretary oomes to Paris from, 343 (p. 834); Don Antonio said to hare fled to, 850; news of approach of .French fleet sent to, 353 (pi 846); Strozzi's secretary comes to Paris from. 865 ; lnerohant-ehips from, am re at Flushing, 877 (p. 876); reference to I>on Antonio's intention to take, 383-; reference to news from, 393; Queen SEofcber prepares ships for, 428 ($. 415); news from, 457; refugees from, come to Southampton, 4&1 ; Spaniards hope to recover, 465; Kenno plunders Portuguese at, 469; news from, 471; departure of Chevalier de CMtre for, postponed, 472 (p. 460); Portugnese attainted of high treason to Don Antonio in, 481; news of Don Antonio from, 498; people of, weary of Frenchmen's insolence,filS(p. 509) I Prench sovereigns not contented with Don Antonio's return from, 630.

INDEX.

629

Thoa, Christophe de. First President of Parlement of Paris, imprisons Italian friar for ruffling with Franciscans, 150 ' (p. 161); objects to Italian being made General of Cordeliers, 248; present at Salcedo'e examination. 323 j Duke of Ferrora will lend money to Monsieur upon oaution of. 343 (p. 838); questions Saloedo, 396 (p. 392) ; his death, 441, {p. 433); Bishop of Hands wishes to heoome Monsieur's ohanoellor in place of, 443; King and Queen Mother attend funeral of, 465. Madame de. See Tulen, Isabeau de. Throgmorton,' JProgmorton,' Irnneia, delivers letters to nuncio in Paris. 494 (i>. 485). Thys. Willem, escheuin of upper bench hi ' Ghent, 284. Tiel, on the Waal, held by Monsieur, 432(2). Tiflis, 'Typhis,' Persians besiege, 847. 'Tiser,' Tail. Tiwnrd], regiments of, at Dankirk, 175. Tirol, King of Spain Joyies landskueohts in, 99. Tiwarde, M. de, Captain of coinpcujnies d'Ordo-imanf.e of Prince of JEpinoy, 180. Toledo, Ferdinand Alvarez de, Duke of Alra, reference to route taken by, to low Countries, 73 {p. 66); Portuguese have no liking far, 472 (p. 460); accompanies king into Castile, 478; letter of spiritual oonsolation to his wife on death of, S53. ,, Hernando de, the Grand Prior, «on of above, his vessels infleetfor enterprise of Tereeiras 148; to be general of Spanish horse in Portugal, 478. ,.., , Pedro de, Marquis oE Villafranea, in army for Teroeras, 112. Toinson, Laurence, reference to letters from .Gilpkt to, 44; mentioned, 194 (p. 195). , letters and dispatches to, 1, "12,17,27,67,80, drafts and endorsements in hand of, 26, 27, 77,101, 127, 130.298, 40% 447, 503, 550, 551. Terranoya, Duke of. See Arragon, Charles d'. Torre, Ottaviano de la, Genoese merchant xa Tether, William, in Williams' company, 263, Paris, ting orders books of, to be Thiant. See Herode. • burnt, 396 (p. 393). Thionville, statement of pay of regiment of, Torres, Alonso de, son to Coude del Yillsr, in army for Tereeras, 112. 328. Tholen, ' Trefeolle,' Spanish enterprise against Torres Vedras, Count of. See Silva, Manuel da. Torretto, 3L di, Cobham receives visit from fails, 65. Italian profeSBing to have come from Thomas, James, Pena refers to his honourable house of, 179. dealing towards, 300, Torsy, near Dieppe, soldiers assemble at, 75. , the elder, joins Jfrenoh fleet for Don Toulouse, Manvsssiere writes, touching caae of isGrch&uttB of, 78, 384, Antonio, 93, 115 (p. 115). .—, captain in French, fleet for Don ... ....i, Count of, Ohatillon against, 424 (£.417). Antonio, 95, 1 IS. ,., Bishop of, to be present at maeting , Ifather, English pries!; inParis.. sends between King oi Havarje, Ooadfi and Monfemorency, 288 (j». 283J. . for Jahan Gower, 66 (p. 57). ,, Captain of ship equipped by Arme- Ttfuoaes, a ' reBgiots' living at, furnishes Armevilfe's ship with victuals, 213 (c), ville to attaok English vessels, 218 (e). Tour, — de 3a, goes to Ktag of Sfararre, 75. Mioms- f?) C&ptain i» Spanish anay, said to be vrounded, 319.

630

GENERAL' INDEX.

Toimtine, Duke of, Ferrara promises Co lend Monsieur money upon caution of certain rents in, 869. Tour d'Auvorgne, Henri de la, Yicomte de Turenne, might be put to death if Salcedo should be exeoatBd, 348 {p. 839); reference to intention of, to marry Tremoille's sister, 538, Tournay, reference to loss of, 14 ; artillery brought to Oudenarde from, 15; ordnance embarked at, 18 (p. 19), 28 ; fascines aad ladders brought to Ondenarde from, 79; Visconnt of Ghent said to have been sent prisoner to, 85 (p. fil); terms of surrender of, refused to those of Ondenarde, 92; people of, swear to be true to King of Spain, 96; gentleman of, laments' J^jmont's dishonour, 199; Parma goes to, 204, 220; Germans in, mutiny fro want of pay, 284; Prince of Parma places Spaniards in, 304; Bnrgundian regiments in, 328 ; reference to taking (rf, 454; news from, 47S ; horsemen of Gnent capture Malcontents near. 489 ; trumpeter comes to Bruges from, 516. , Governor of. See Mondragon. Tours, Count Yimioso 'pretends' to return to. 59; -Don Antonio departs from, 114, 137 (p. 134); Antonio Brito at, 230. , letters and dispatches dated at, 11, 60, 379. Xntyll, Colonel, Scots regiment under, to be reduced, IB (p. 17); ' Tryeil,' in command of Seots infantry at Dnnkiri, 175; defeats enemy in skirmish near Menin, 359; in command at Menin, 377 (p. 375); death of, 47S; companies o£, given to Preston, 493. Treasurer, lord. See Cecil, William. Trelon, SI, de. See Bloys. Iremoille1, Charlotte Gatherine de h, Prince of CondS intends to marry, 638. Trent, Council of, 66 (p. §8); French king consents that discipline of, shall be put in practice in France, 162; French king resolves to have new council for Introduction of authority of, 473 (p. 462), 494 (p. 488), 610, 516; Mng promises that elergy shall be reformed according to ordinances of, 538. Itento, 9-iovanai Battista di, Signor Aragon to confer with. 338. Treport, baric laden with artillery goes to Scotland front, 75. ,..„...., English goods taken to, by French pirates, 545. fesam, William, visits Waismghani, 50. .,.....,.,, —, brother of above, 30. Traslong, ' Turfors,' M, de. See Btoys, Eratolle, » - " » -oon. '• , Arolibiahop end Elector of. Bee EH«, lej Ane de, slain in battle of the Azores, 218. j Joakherr Jooa, lord of BoTonde^wm, esthevin of lower bench in Sbent, 284. ......,.„ Jimkheftr J"ooff (i*06 GiJles), vtokevin of Iow«r baneh in Ghent, 2S4.

Trigo, James, Portuguese merchant, signs bond to Captain iConne, 4B2. Tripolij English ship detained at • Malta on retnrn from, 211 (a), Trubbaoh, Badolf, of Scbwyz, ambassador to Paris, 619. Truohsess, Gebhard, of Waldbnrg, Arohbishop of Colognes 85 (p. 79); makes banquet in Parma's behalf, 175; announces a Provinoial Diet In his State, 389; a secret friend of Earl of Neuenahi-, 438; broils between people of Cologne and, 473; marries sister of Count of Arenberg, 477; about to introduce Reformed Beligion into bis dioceses 496; wishes to remain temporal and apirifnjal lord of Cologne, 499; Bishop of Liege wishes to remove, 1500; married, in the Religion, 637. Truifce, M., Tice-admiral of French fleet at Tercera, 105. Tschudi, Balthazar, governor of ' Lieoktenstng,' - • bailiff of loggenbnrg, ambassador from Abbot of St. GMl-to ifmueh king, 519. 'Tsherenberge' on the Khine. See Herenborg. Tubelli, Martin de. killed in battle of Azores, 213. Tubingen in Wiirtenberg, William BateUff returning to Enrfdnd from University of, 314. Tuileries, the. 114 (p, 113) ; French king at, S96; King and Qaeen Mother examine Guises a,ti concerning Saleodo's confession, 441 (p. 438). Tulen Isaboa,u de, wife of President de Thou, daughter of Jean de Tnlen, Seigneur de Celi, French king visits, 466. 1 Tunitskens: [qy. Tongs], governor of Lierre escapes to, 2 3 7 O 241). (Cupper, John, sarvant to English embassy in Paris, 269, 478, 483, Turenne, Yiscoirat of. See Tom1 d'Aavergne. Turin, three Cardinals visit, US (p. I l l ) ; Ferraboaoo at, 301; King of Navarre's gentleman returns from, 498. ., .., letter dated at, 301. the Grand Signior, present at tournament at Hippodrome, 178; truce of Empire wifcb., to be renewed, 198; reference to peace between Persia and, 209 (i>. 209); said to be dead, 217 (p. 217); Bussians to enter into league- against, 286; money granted to Emperor for defence of his frontier against, 310 (p. 305); nraoh troubled by Persians, 347; English merchants trading at Court of, 368; Pope tries to stir up jealousy between Muscovite and, 385; Knollys wonld rather serve, than return to England, 394 (p. 390); English merchants trading with, 431; peace between Persians and, said to be broken, 467; peaoe feared between Sophy and, 468; referenoe to peace between Persians and, 471; ill-safcisfied with Signiors of Teniee, 5S8(«.536).

GENEBAL Turks, referenoe to Spaniards taken captive by, 6; Pennaehi wishes Elizabeth to help release his kinsfolk from, 62 (p. 64); mentioned, 73 (p. 66;; King of ]?ez sends ambassador to, 113 (p. I l l ) ; Pope's galleys taken by, 167; troops said to be levied in Bohemia for service against, 180 ( p. 180); money yoted for Imperial war with, 333 (#. 823); war between Persians and, at. end, 333 (p. S24) ; friend of Bizirri captured by, 445; peaeo continues between • Persians and, 494 (p. 486); eaptured by Venetians •in Candia, 538 (]). 526). Turkey, English captives in, 77 {}>• 73); fleet of, leaves Genoa, 102 (p. !19); prinoe of, eironmeised, 17S (p, 175); Pigafetfca writes book of his travels in, 839. Turnhout, Tournehaalt, in Brabant, Monsieur's army to be sent to, 535. Tuscany, Duie o£. See Medioi, Francesco ilitria de. Tnve, Peter, referenoe to letter from Cobham sent by, 136., ' Tyllebarne' [qy. Tullibardine],— Murray, Lord of, said to have been apprehended by King of Scots, 260. Tympel, ' Temple,' Olivier Tan den, Governor of Brussels, colonel ja States' service, reference to taking of AloBt by, 80; withdrawn from Brussels, 534. Tytnpel, Temple, —, brother of above, comes to Antwerp, 460. Tysnacque, Madame, Branch colonel lodges at house of. in Brussels, 534.

IT TJffele, Severin van, Grefficr of Antwerp, 548, lighted. See Ovrtred, Uaton Isee Onthon], Sir Edward, I© Bremen attends, in his illness, 90. , Edward, elder son of atove, 80. .',.., Henry, younger son, 90. Upsala, letters dated at, 145, 201,202, 333. Utrecht, bad management laetwiaen Count William and men of, 55; la Boque intends, to travel to, 85 (ij- 78); garrison of, defeats enemy at Limburg, . 157; JSorris.to receive money from people of, 163; deputies from, expected atGheat,260; JTorrisat, 337 (l).327); States of, disunited in opinion, 338, 350; country of, quiet, 438 (2).

INDEX.

681

Vaohan. See Vaughan. (qy, Vaoaresse) M. de, sent by Gh3,tillon to l?renoh ting, 424 (p. 41V). , — In, captain in ' army' for Don Antonio, OS, 115 (p. 115). ViJenaiennes, Monsienr hopes soon to gain, 43; Laiaing at, 5S (p. 45); report of Lalaing's death at, 81; enemy said to be making preparations at, to besiege Gaiabray, 384; people of, refuse to allow Spaniards to enter, S64; said to have been taken by Balagny, 876, Valle, M. In, house of, plundered by men of Geneva, and himself slain, 478. Vulois, Dnehy of, Queen of Navarre's dowry assigned to her in, 62 (p, 53); honsB of, reference to friendship between Scotland and, 143 (p. 140); dnohy of, granted to Queen of Navarre, 188. Y&ndermolen", Andries, eschevin oi Antwerp, 643. Vanegas, I/uis, of the Order of St. Jaques, in army for Tei'eeras, 112. Vanni. Geronimo, a banker of lyons, requests Cobham to write on behalf of an Italian going to England, 378. Vanweolptit, P., notary of Antwerp, copy by, of eommission from Dnke of Anjou to North, 39. ' Tardembottrg,' near Bruges, Monsieur's aimyat, 439 ; 'Ardsmbourge,' 600. Varembon, Marquis of, brother of, leads Borgnndian cornets against English at Berghes, and is takon prisoner, 231; statement of pay of troops under, 328. Vaiuiemfflit, HOUSB of, Saloedo related to, 203. .. Hftdame de. See ioraame, Margaret of. Tandrey, Charlea Iioms de, Seigneur de Iffiosy, progosBd marriage between dfengliter of, and youngest brother of Duke of Jeyense-, 4S7. ,.., Cla-ade de, daughter of above, proposed marriage of, wife, brother of Poke of Joyeose, 457. V™ghan, Seorge, in WiHiama' company, H8S, .„.,...., Philips SnWilUttttis1 eompany, 263. 'Vaa,' Oapiain detained by Bon Antonio. 60, 'TaSna,' 74 (p. 68); •Vaohan,' 137 (if. IS4J. Tans, WiHiara, Jjord, son at, comes to Porlfi, 306 (p. 394). Vaa, Franois, Pariugaweimeteki&i, ligaaboad to Captain Kenne, 4fi2.

632

G-ENEKAL

Veere [Waloheren], Stewart embarks from, for Scotland, 186 ; mentioned, 300. Vega, Antonio da, sent with. Jetter from Don Antonio to Walsingh&m, 11. Telham, Ferdinand Taz de, Portuguese merchant, signs bond to Captain Kenne, 462. VelluteUi, "Vellatello, Auerbo, Perrabosoo wishes his accounts with, to be settled, SOI: Mauvissioi'e writes on behalf of, Vonibles and Co., Veaero tries to recover sum of money from, 45. Yena-vides, AZvaro de, nephew to Marquis of Santa Craz, in army for Terceras, 112. Venavides, Joha de, administrator of hospitals, in army for Terceras, 112. Venero, Antonio, a. Spaniard, cashier to Aiiasfcro, reference to his death, 45. Yeaero, Francisco de, brother to above, letter from, 45, Venetian, partners of Capponi, letter concerning, 84; ambassador at Constantinople attends festivities at Hippodrome, 178; ships, Jesuit refugees in England to be allowed to embark in, 461; Arohduke Charles enters into league with, 518 (p. 610). Veniae, news from, 4 (p. 4); M, de Maisae to be French ambassador in, (52 (p. 53); Pops makes pressing- odvanoes towards ambassador of, at his court, 106 f news from, 238; Muscovite ambassador to repair to,' 266; reference to Henry Vll'a wish for alliance with, 295; French king makes complaint against King of Spain before Senate of, 381; treatment reoeived l y Muscovite ambassador in, 385; information givea to Eignori at, by French ambassador, 397; Cobham sends remonstrance of Scottish lords against d'Aubigny to, 424; friend of Bizarri captured by Turks between Sioily and, 445; Erenoh king recommends his brother's causetoSigniors of, 467; Signiors of, desire to renew their league with France, 620; Turk evil satisfied with Signiors of, 538 {p. 626). t letters dated at, 106, 295. , ambassador of, in Paris. See Mora. Venidome, —, leader of English mutineers at Ghent, 514. Venlo, on tho Jfaas, Bariaymont's enterprise on, foustrata4 IS; Mure of Verdugo's attempt on, 80; held for Monsieur, 438 (2). Veriis. See Sajni-(i}eorges. Verctago", BtanoiBoo, Spanish oonHBandei' in . Low Count«ess 18 (p. 15); his troops marsh froai Guelderland to Kismur, 18 (p. 18) i faihu-e of kia attent|st to fteliver Sohsnt, 30; increase of his forces, 118 (3». 119); Paruifi to Bend forces to assist, 334 (#,238); M. d'Aaholt with, at siege of I*ehem,397, 306, B15 {pt 808); I6|iort;of liis death, 313; statement of pay of companies of, S23; surprises ateeawjk, 4V3.

INDEX. Vere, Eranoia, in Williams' company, 263. John, lieutenant in Statos' army, 263. Terser, M. da, brings letters to ManvisBiere, 18. , letters from, 255, 879. Tergne, Hugucs de la, captain of Monsieur's guard, Saleedo feared threats of, 436 (2); arrests Gaurille, 466. Vermyll, oaptain, slain at Oadenarde, 143 (P- 141). Viana. 'Vienne,' Portugal, Don Antonio takes, 209 (p. 208); Don Antonio said to be in, 240. Vianeji, on the Bhine, heid by Monsieur, 4S8 (2). Vicenza. Signor Aragon to receive inheritance in, 339. Viegas, Galas, Portuguese merchant, signs bond to Captain Xenne, 452. YieirA, Custodio, Portuguese merchant, signs bond to Captain Kernie, 4S2. •Vienna, Emperojr returns to, 468. Vienne, Claude Antoine de, Seigneur de Clerrant, visits Oobham, 2S0 ; to go to Germany, Switzerland and Savoy, 424 (p. 417j; reference to journey of, 434; , , letter from, 372. Yierendeel, Adrian, colonel of Antwerp, 548. Villafranoa, in Isle of St. Michael's, Don Pedro Ponce de Leon sent with report it King Philip from, 213; Aaayiso captured in= S53 (p. 347). Villa Nova, Portuguese caravel conducted to by English ships. 6. Villeneuve. See Oormoiit. Villeqnier, Charlotte Catherine de, daughter of following, to marry d'O. 396 (I). 898). , Bene de, one of the King's minions, Governor of Paris, d'O to marry daughter of, 396 (p. 893). Villeroy. See Neufville. Ytlleroy ( ), French, king goes to,

74O.67). Villers, Tilliers, M. de. See Zoete, Josse de. Villers-Coterets, ' Velleootroy,' Queen Mother and Queen of Navarre afc, 114 (j?.113) ; assigned to Queen of Kavarre us dowry, 62 (i>. 63). Villesaiaon, M, de, seekB Prinoe of Conde, 9. YiUevorde, 'TyJlfol-d,' people of, not yet reconciled, 118 (p. 121); 1'reneh forces in. garrison at, 319; enemy likely to at'aek, SIS; troops from, come to Antwerp, 633, B34. Viltiers, M. de. See Loyseleur. Vimioso, Count, See Portugal, Don l?ra.ncis of. Vitarj Hicoks, kilted in battle of the Aaores, 218. ViteaiK, Baron ie, $e$ Prat, Qmllaume de.

GENERAL Vitelli, Jaoomo, slain by Kcooloinini, 74 (p. 68). Viyonne, Jean de, Sieur de Saint-Goard, afterwards Marquis Fisani, French ambassador id Spain, Don Antonio's declaration sent to, 247 {p. 248); sends news of cruelty of MarqniB of Santa Oruz towards French prisoners, 343 (p. 334); news from.. 848, 365 (p. 863); returning to Franca, 480 (p. 471). Yoeotat, Kioolues de, esehevin of Antwerp, 648. Voa. Thotnaes de, esehevin of lower bench in Ghent, 284. Voyer.Bene de. Vieomte de Panlmier, Pauhny, sent by Frenoh king to Duke of Savoy, to dissuade him from marriage with Spanish Princess, 348 (i>. 338). Vray, Jacques du, Siear de Fontorte, dispatched by Monsieur to King, -26, 143 .Op. 140). Yyraque, M, See Saint-Georges. Yys, near ArraB, French troops try to take. 118 (p. 118).

W

•

"

Waad, Wade, William, Herle refers to 'cause' between himself and, 28, 85 (jp. 79); • mentioned, 290 ; sent to Emperor an behalf of Merchants Adventurers, 560. , fetter from, 215. Waal, river, note of towns held for King of Spain and Monsieur on, 438(2). Waobtendoak, on the MaaB-, held by Monsieur, 438 (2). ' '.'."' Wadjey, Ouddle, letter dated at, 60. Waes, land of, pioneers from, aent for to fortify camp at Ghent, 143 (p; 139); ' Waest,' States' forces in, 302 (jp.296)} Wast, - Scottish cornet sent into, 478; Gaseous and French in, '475; in danger • through continuance of frost, 487; English horse in, 491; new Stench army in, 526,533, 536. Wageniageiij on the Bhine, held by Monsieur, : 488(2). Wagner, tJeorge, letter from, 333. ' Waktendong,' Marshal, Councillor to Duke of Cleves, 488. ' „,.„..,, Senesohal, Oounoillor to Duie of Oleves, 438, Enollys land* Breton wera- ia, 280 (P.&J2); SVeneh merehanta in,4S0. 1S07T '

INDEX.

688

Walloons regiments of, at Dunkirk, 175; captains of horae at Ghent, 180 ; ensigns of, in oamp at Dunkirk, 185; at Dunkirk, Chamois accused of wishing to replace by Srenoh, 257 (p. 228); in Kieuport and Ostend, 259; statement of pay of, infantry, 328; defeated near Mehin, 359; discord between Spaniards and, 375; French andj keep Aloafc, 392 ; at Cambr&y, said to have been won over Tby treason to reeeiye enemy, 404; blows pass between Spaniards and, • 527, 531; near EyndhoTen, 635. Walsingham, Sir Francis, Secretary of State, ' Mr Secretary,' 7; reference to letter to Msndoza from, 38; wishes to know the truth about siege of Geneva, 73 (p. 63); du Bnisseau promises to speak well of, to Queen of Scots, 318; mentioned, 247 (p, 249); Bogeis wishes _.- him. to write to Norris on his behalf, 368; Giraldes promises to pay debt due to, 399, 407; reference to letter to, 451; petition to, from merchant 64i» • , letter and dispatches from, [10], 4£, 77. 101, 127, 141, 18S, 208, 367, 402, 449, 479, 608, 509,510. ;. .., his mark, 64, 66. ,, , endorsements, eto., in hand of, 73, 77,183,296, 371,403,442,402, 508 615, 637. j , letters and dispatches to, all except, 1, 3, 6, 7.10,12,17,21,26,26f 27, 38,40, 41,42, 45, 46, 60, 6S, 64, 66, 67, 71, 73,80, 101,103, 104, 106, 112,117,139, 130,132,140, 141, 144; 145, 148, 165, 172, 178,183, 193, 196, 198, 200, 201, 202, 211 (a), 211 (6), 211 (e), 218, 219, 228, 233, 289, 243, 244, 245, 246,247, 251, 263, 270,274, 283, 286, 292, 293, 298, 299, S08, 314, ' 327,328,329,333,341,351,363,857. 366, 366, 373, 383, 399, 402,403, 407.. 409, 410, 411, 416, 429, 436. 438, 449, 450, 461, 452. 468, 477, 473, 488 (2)r 484, 504, S06, 507, 608, 534 543,545, - 546, 547, 548,649, «50, 561, 663. .......... Prances, daughter of above, 438, 448. , Ursula, Lady, wife of Sir Francis, daughter of Henry St. Bacbe, 13; Henry TJnton's -wife a relation of. 90; mentioned, 433,448. Wawsop, Thomas, to receive payment from Stench ling, 89, Waflieton, fort, aftar MJanin, States' troops may attack, 500. Warsaw, Poles about to hold States at, 468,' Wast, land of. See Waes. Waterflyte, It. de, in oomtnancf of eornet of horse at Ohsnt, ISO. Waree, near BrnsBele, part ot memf& forces at, 319. Wehb, Joan, ooijoral in States' anay, 26S, ^ Jforth nUfoa, 70.

GENERAL

634

Weert, Swiss, French and German troops to march towards, 28; ' Werode' on the Bhwe [>ie], held for King of Spain, 438 (2j. Weez, Doetar, Chancellor of Cleves, 4SS. Welsh, cotton; tax on, in B"ranoe, 341 (i». 332). Wercke. Jan van der, Pensionary of Antwerp, promises tn pay interest on Elizabeth's loan to States, 12 ; opposes endeavour to content Elizabeth, 27; assures Gilpin that men of Antwerp would do all they could to pay debt. 44: Longston speaks with, 93; fails to give contentment to Elizabeth. 123; sent to Diet on behalf of States, 205, Werne, Jonkheer Symon Van den, ' Le Sieur Margrave,' magistrate of Antwerp, 648. Wesel, enemy said to have crossed Bhine near, 34-7, 350; foreign goods brought to. instead of Antwerp, 388; ' Weysell,' Williams refers to hie letter written from, 512. Westmoreland, Earl of. See Nevill. Westbn, —, letter bearer, 196, 214.217. Wiekrat, Herr, Councillor to Duka of Oleves,

43a , Wier {?), by TTtreoht, .Williams mates past sage of, 191. Wight, Isle of, English aaptain takes Flemish ship off, 60; note of spoils takea by JPrenoh pirates frota merchants in, 543. Wilford, Thomas, badly treated by sergeants of Itord Chancellor, 611, Wilkes, Thomas, 380. WUIabroak, ' Wileborowe,' 287 (p. 241), WUlers, Jbhann,. merchant of Hamburg, • signs petition against Saokford, SSI. William, Duke of Cleves. 85 (p. 79); reference to letter from, 177; Rogers wishes Elizabath to write to, on his behalf, 194; Lesieur about to go to, 252, 315 (#,308); Ashebygoes to court of,'316, 328; saidtohavehelpedenemytoeroas Bhine, 847; Emperor writes to, to set Bogers at liberty, 366; executes one of Eogers' oaptore, 4X6 (p. 407); names of eounoilfors and family of, 438. .letter from, 327. Williams, Oharlea, in Captain Williams' company, 263. ..„..,,., Griffin, in Captain 'Williams' company, 20S. • Hugh, InOaptaia Williams' oomnanv 263. *^" •• »tfohn, ia Captaia WiUiama' campany, 2GS,

•--> Bogor, Oaptain instates'army, Horfeh brawls with, TO; siirmiaheis with enemy, 118 (p. 11?); endeavours to aeeerteiu Mrcnbar of enemy's horse, 143; ia command of ooraefi of horse' ISO; a&livers letter to ^smyn from Watefoghttm, 185; takes enetny'B colours in action, near Berghee 31? •

IHDE2L Williams, Roger—eont. drives enemy back from Berghes. 219; uses Norris badly, 369; his musterbook, 263; makes complaints of Korris, 277; withdraws his company from among English, and joins French, 280 (p. 278); list of magistrates of Ghent sent by, 384; offers to charge enemy before Ghent, 302 f p. 296); mentioned, 345. letters from, 138, 1S4, 175, 191, 470,512. , —, brother of the above, slain in ; encounter near Berghes. 219; buried at Dnnkirk, 222; reference to death of, 243. Wfllik, —, van, Lord of Diffort, Steward and Councillor to Dnke of Cleves, 438. Willoughby, d'Eresby, Peregrine, Lord, Btrtm 'Wjllibye and Ersbye,' letter of ' credence for, from Elizabeth to king of Denmark, 130; Waad visits at Copenhagen, 217; takes Order of Garter to king of Denmark. 245, 254; to hear cause between S;i ckforil and citizens of Lnbeok, 232; successful negotiations of, with Denmark, 290; citizens of Hamburg make oompkints against Saokford to, 351. Wilson, Dr Thomas, of the Privy Council, late Secretory of State, 472 {p. 463). ..." , Thomas, Captain ia States' Army, does good service in action near Berghes,217; ' Wyl]son,! makes Gauche his ensign, 403; wouaded at Louvain, 439; mentioned, 470. Windsor, Mauvissiere wishes to find a lodging for la Mofche at, 464. Winsman, Gerhard, merchant of Hamburg, signs petition against Saokford, 351. Winter, Sir William, • Ullenhuintei1,' gives trouble to Zubiaur, 285; mentioned, 289. Wittfeidt, Arnold, Secretary of Denmark, letter from, 254. . Witthem, Frederic de, brother of following, nephew of Prince of Orange, in Loohem, 308, S15 (p. S09;, 887 (p. 327); in safety, 359, 362, 394 (p. 388). , Herman der son of following, nephew of Prince of Orange, in Loohem, 308, 315 (jp, S09), 337 (p. 327); in' safety, 869, 862, S94(£.388). Jean de> Seigneur de Beeisel, Marquis of Bergen-op-Zoom (Bail of Berghe, Bergea), Stadtholder of Guelderland, brother-in-law to William of Orange, defeats enemy at Eimburg, 157; 'Adenburge,' sons of, besieged in Lochein, 306 ; three SOBS of. defeated ia defence, of Loshem, 315 {». 309), 337 (p. S27>; Chanoellor of 6hielders writes to, 456. „., Oswald de, son of above, nephew of Prince of Orange, in Lochem, 300,315 {*. 309), 337
GENERAL Wittwronghele, Jacob, notary, takes depositions of Portuguese at Southampton, : ;469. , Woufcers, TFHTI» merchant of Antwerp, prosecnted for debts by Fernando Poyntz, 63. Wrey, Sir Christopher, Lord Chief Justioe of Queen's Bench, obtains pardon from Elizabeth for G-ower, 149. Wulf, CHlles de, esahevin of Lower Bench in Ghent, 284. W2rtemburg, Duke of, sister of, marries a Duke of Dens Pouts, 310 '(p. 305); leaves Augsburg. 383 (p. S28). ......... letter from, 314, Wyk, on the Bhine, held by Monsieur, 4S8 (2). Wymbaoh, Crist off el, from Biel, ambassador to French king, 619.

INDEX.

635

Ypres,118'(i>.119); enemyJOBS towards, 189, 190,192, 195,203; Parma joins army at, 203 (p. 203), 204; enemy's camp leaves, 206;- loss of, important to Antwerp, 221; enemy in Flanders makea attempt on, 231: enemy said to be going to besiege, 258; will not take in Frenoh soldiers, 284; Prince of Parma maket fprt near, 337 [p. 828); Prince of Parma thought to be going to besiege, 391; prisoners executed at, 405. Yasel, river, Monsieur intends to keep, at Bronkhorst, 18 (p. 16); note of towns held for Xing of Spain and Monsieur on, 438 (2). -'

Z

Xanten, ' Santo,' ' Santuca,' in CleveB, enemy crosses Rhine near, 347. 2aaton, Francis de, French priest, killed in battle of the Azores, 213. 'Xiuhusti,' Gtui de, killed in battle of the Azores, 213. *Xius«,' Olaudio de, killed in battle of the Azores, 213.

Yarmouth, cost of carriage of Tassis's letters from, 46; ' Iermeuy,' in Norfolk, Dnke of Anjou writes on behalf of merohsnt of, 450. YmauB, JacqnBs, Pensionary yf Bruges, ISO (p. 180); has commission to satisfy PallaYioino and Spinola in England, 197; said to be at Bruges, SOI. Yniquel, Anguatiu, master of camp at S. Michael's, 112. York, Jchan Gower born in province of, 66. Xorie, Captain Bowland, with Rochepot, 111; fails in enterprise upon Courfcrai, 118 Q>. 118); at devotion of Stench, 164; in command of cornet of horse, 180; paemes English and French soldiers, 208 ; wounded in action neat Berghes, 217; driyes enemy bMrkaoa Berghes, 219; wounded, MS, S5S; comes to Bruges, 259; withdraws M» oompany from. English and joins French, 280 (i>. 2?3); John Oobham ohooses.to decide controyersy between himself and Harris, 890; m la»d of Wast, 473; mentioned, 489. , ,.,.,...., latter from, 433.

Zante, isle of, reference to deoree published in, 295. Procurator of. See Michieli. Zealand, ready to repay Elizabeth's loan, 12; Buys goes to, 18 (p. 16); ships from Bordeaux come to, 29; Longston's letters delayed in, through contrary winds, 67 i edict published to forbid trading of, with enemy, 70! Martin Droto be admiral of ships of,86 (J).78); Sainte-Aldegofide goeB to, 85 (p. 83); people of, discouraged by failure of JVenoh king's promisee, 118 (jp. 119); ople of, come to assembly of Stutesneral, 143 (p. 140); Monsieur and Priofie of Orange pass through, 158; money dne to Harris from people of, 165; Monsieur passes through, 135; Stewart in, 185 {f. 187)i Seheook conveyed into, 194 (p. 194)! to furnish part of money for debt dne to PallavioinD and Spinola, 197; Moneieur gives banquet to States of, 204; Tilliers goes to, 205; mentioned, 224 j no money received from, for pay of -English troop*, 227 (jp, 229); Metohattte Adventurers hope tosnppresgBrowie'e book in, 271; mentioaed, S3S (p. 295) { news in, of Don Antonio's overthrow, 308; French troops arrive in, 382. Zoete, Josse de, Sieur de "ViEerfi, vmiehal de camp at Ghent, 79 s with Boohepot, 111; skirmishes witfa enemy, 118 (p. 117); Moltifl to be superseded by, 120; mentioned, 148,147 s ekhiaishes with enemy, 154; marshal o£ camp at Dankiri, 175; in eommaad of cornet of horse, 180; oommftn& at Dtmkirs hi absence of Bochepot, 186; tares goTerameafc of oamp to M. de la Herre, 205; brotber-m-law of, taltett prfsow? at Poneringea, 286; tafflitioned, 359 f seat into Fiaa«, 364; to «o»cuw6 C b * A * 3 S7? foress ftflin Caiabwtjr *o (n. 376); gives ftdviee i^aiast sur isia^ Ltare, 439; la L*n& of Vfmt,

636

GENEBAL

INDEX.

Zolehef, (Jeorge, oitisen of Sfcrasburg, Duke Zntphea, on the Yssel, garrison of,- defeats enemy at Lymburg, 157; Narris at, Casimif writes to Elizabeth on behalf 3S6; held for Monsieur, 438 (2); of, 104; complains that he receives States' place garrison in, 474. little pay for his services, 310 uka of, {p. 40). . . married to daughter of Dake of Oleves, , letters from, 52, 285, 289, 611; 438. - • Zuerina, Jacob, esckevin of Antwerp, 548. i, M., goveHior of Courtray, Zn5igayBegneseus, Jrcan, Comendador Mayor orders villages round to hake bread of Castile, late Viceroy of Naples, Duke day and night, 304; dislikes Spaniardsof Savoy visits, 494 (p- 486). entering Courtray, 321. ' Sne3,' on the Yssel, held for Monsieur,' Zurich refuses to enter into alliance with 438(2). Ipranee, 468.